FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY &3 '# r»i?M J&>^'' _^. S n5^^ -1^4^' 'h^:L^' >Ci>V? 'X ^\J-. .^^ >*?■, ^ Jf £T *-? aiv^ t. ^/^(A " ^ ^^', m^^ , :(r^lRft£'J ;' S«* i« Lc^r! .•:^'_JaL_V #^^ ^ ^^^^'-r ^^'-^ ^r ] DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. A LIST DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY, WITH EEFERENCES AND ANNOTATIONS; ALSO A RECORD OF SPECIMENS PRESERVED IN THE NOEFOLK AND NORAVICH MUSEUM. BY JOHN HENRY GURNEY. LONDON: JOHN VAN YOORST, 1 PATERNOSTEE ROW, E.C. MDCCCLXXXIV. M-\'i\^ PRINTED BT TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, KED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. r R E F A C E. In concluding, in the 'Ibis' for 188.2, p. 598, my Notes on Mr. Sharpens ' Catalogue of the Diurnal Birds of Prey in the British Museum,' I mentioned my intention of supple- menting them by a tabular index for the convenience of future reference; it subsequently occurred to me that it might be useful to combine with this index a list of the several species and subspecies of Diurnal Birds of Prey, so far as I am acquainted with them, and to add references to a few of the works in which they have been figured, described, or otherwise noticed. This enlargement of my original intention and consequent increase of bulk has necessitated the publication of the following pages in a separate form rather than, as was originally proposed, in a number of the ' Ibis.' I have thought it convenient to arrange my matter in columns, of which the first contains the list of species or subspecies^ and also the references to Mr. Sharpe's Cata- logue ; the second column refers to my Notes on that work, and to some other Notes which I have contributed to the pages of the ' Ibis ' ; the third comprises miscellaneous ' Those ?pecies and subspecies which I have uot personally examined are marked with an asterisk, and those as to the validity of which I feel some doubt with a note of interrogation. references to some of the works in which the several species are mentioned or described^ and especially to those which contain information likely to prove useful to the ornitho- logical student as to the habits of the birds and their geogra- phical distribution, but for the most part excluding articles already referred to in my Notes. I have also given, where possible, references to at least one figure of each species. In the fourth column I have recorded the number of specimens of each species preserved in the Norwich Museum, in the hope of drawing attention not only to the interesting collection which there exists, but also to its desiderata, and of facilitating the acquisition of these, which I am anxious to promote, both as regards the collection of Diurnal Rap- tores and also of the Strigidse, in Avhich group the Norwich Museum is already almost equally rich. Since my Notes on Mr. Sharpens volume were published in the ' Ibis,^ I have seen occasion to modify my views as regards a few species, and have obtained additional infor- mation as to some others ; and these results I have added to my present list in the form of footnotes, or, when too lengthy to be so introduced, in the shape of Appendices. For the sake of convenience, I did not deviate much in my Notes from the arrangement adopted by Mr. Sharpe ; but in the present list I have consulted my own views as to the most natural or, perhaps I should rather say, the least unnatural arrangement which I could adopt. Every individual species being the centre of a group of approximate forms which resemble it in various degrees, it is obvious that a serial arrangement can only record with precision the connection of each genus and of each species with two of the forms which are thus grouped around it, and is therefore so far imperfect that it must of necessity disregard other natural connections^ the existence of which PREFACE. cannot be satisfactorily indicated by any method of con- secutive linear arrangement ; in any such system this imper- fection seems to me to be unavoidable, but on that account it is the more important, in selecting from amongst various allied forms the two which shall serve as connecting links between any given genus or species and the portions of the series immediately preceding and succeeding it, to take into consideration every description of characteristic peculiarity, whether external or internal, and thus to secure a nearer approach to a natural sequence than could result from any arrangement based on one class of characters only, to the exclusion, more or less complete, of all others. I am well aware that the method which I have here indi- cated is but imperfectly carried out in the following pages ; but I have endeavoured to keep it in view to the best of my ability, and in doing so I have not always thought it desir- able to place at the head of each subfamily that which may be considered as the typical genus, nor at the head of each genus the typical species, but rather to place in these positions the genus or the species which appears to me to approach the most nearly to that which immediately pre- cedes it, I may here mention a few matters which have come under my notice since my list of species was placed in the hands of the printers, one of these being that I have recently had an opportunity of examining the plates of Raptorial birds appended to Dr. Menzbier^s ' Ornithological Geography of Russia,^ and also his pamphlet (in French) on the ' Orni- thology of the Governments of Moscow and Toula/ the latter having been kindly presented to me by the author. I confess that I am sceptical as to the validity of some newly- described species and subspecies of Birds of Prey referred to in these works ; but 1 have no definite information to offer on the subject beyond that which will be found in the ' VoW for 1883, p. lOJ^, and in the ' Journal fiir Ornithologie' for 1883, jjp. 410, 412, and 413, except that I have lately seen an adult pair of Falcons which Avere sent from Trans- Caucasia under the name of " Falco peregrinus leucogenysj" one of the supposed subspecies figured in Dr. Menzbier's volume, and that these Falcons appeared to me to be absolutely identical with the paler specimens of Falco peregrinus which occur, not uufrequently, in Great Britain and in Western Europe; the male bird of this pair has been added to the collection in the Norwich Museum. I have recently become acquainted with an additional fact relating to the geographical distribution of Tinnunculus neglectas, which I think it desirable here to record. Through the kindness of Count T. Salvadori, I have been enabled to examine two Kestrels obtained in Schoa by the late Marquis Antinori ; and after carefully comparing them with specimens of Tinnunculus neglectus in the British and Norwich Museums, I have come to the conclusion that they are referable to this subspecies, which is thus proved not to l)e exclusively insular. Both specimens are marked as females by the collector, ])ut, judging from the characters of their plumage, I believe that they are both immature males. I made the following memorandum of their measurements : — w , rr Middle VV mg. iaisus. ° toe s. u. iu. in. iu. From Mahal 9-0 1-50 1-20 FromArafia 9-10 1-50 1-20 I regret to find that, as regards five species included iu my list, an accidental error has occurred in enumerating the specimens in the Norwich Museum; the following are the species referred to, with the correct number of the specimens of each : — Accipiter virgatus . . . . 17 specimens Accipiter nisoides . . . . 21 Baza reinwardti . . . . . 13 Falco peregrinus . . . 53 Falco biarmiciis . . . . . 17 In addition to this correction I have to record several new specimens which have been acquired by the Norwich Museum whilst the following pages were passing through the press, viz. : — ^ Scelospizias ioussenelii ... 2 specimens. Aquila rapax 1 specimen. Buteo brachypterus 1 ,, ^ These specimens consist of an adult female and of a young' bird, which I believe to be a male of the same species. The following are their principal measurements, to which I have added, for comparison, those of an adult male which Capt. Shelley has kindly permitted me to take from a specimen in his collection : — Winer. liirsus. ° toe s. u. in. in. in. (S immature 7-20 2-.30 TIO c? adult 7-80 2-10 1-20 $ adult 8-r)0 2-m 1-^0 So far as I am aware the immature plumage of Scelospizias toussenelii has not been described ; and I therefore add the following particulars of the coloration of the young male above referred to : — the entire upper surface is blackish brown, except that some feathers, especially those on the lesser wing-coverts, are very slightly edged with dull rufous-brown ; on the tail are three cross bars nearly black, and darker than the other portions of the tail-feathers; the under sui-face is white, with a slight tinge of fulvous on the breast and abdomen ; there is no chin-stripe, but a few spots of blackish brown are scattered over the upper breast; five broad bands of the same hue extend across the flanks to the sides of tlie lower breast ; the under wing-coverts, tibiae, and crissum are an imma- culate white, slightly tinged vith fuh ous. Haliastur girrenera Milvus melanotis Gypoiciinia melanosternon Machderamphus alcinvs Tinnunculus sparverius Tinnunculus caribbcearum Hijpotriorchis severus . ^jEsalon columbarius . Pmidion haliaetus . Pandion leucocephalus . 1 specimen. 4 specimens. 1 specimen. 1 2 specimens. 4 1 specimen. 1 2 specimens. 1 specimen. Allowing for the above-mentioned corrections^ the Norwich Musenm contains 385 species and subspecies of Diurnal Birds of Prey, represented by 2895 specimens ; to which I may add that the collection of Owls there preserved consists of 171 species and subspecies, represented by 1009 speci- mens. ^ Tliis specimen is from the West-Iudiau island of St. Thomas, a loca- lity which 1 believe has not been previously recorded for this species ; it was presented to the Museimi, together with four examples of Tinnunculus caribbcearum, by Mr. Edward Newton. May 1884. E R R A T A. p. 26. Melierax canorus. Column 2 : refer to note 3, not to note 2. P, 11 . Harpyhaliaetus coronatus. Column 1 : refer to note 9^ not to note 5. P. 93. Microhierax sinensis. Column 1 : add an asterisk. P. 94. Column 1 : for DISSODACTES read DISSODECTES. P. 102. Hypotriorchis religiosus. Column 1 : refer to note 3^ not to note 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS. TABLE OF CONTENTS. The following Table of Contents exhibits a condensed view, not extending beyond subgenera, of the arrangement which I have here adopted * : — Page Family 1. SERPENTARIID^ Genus. 1. Serpentariits Family 2. CATHARTID^ Gniera. 1. Saecoramphus . . 2. GxPARCHtrs . . . , 3. PsEUDOGRTPHXTS 4. Rhinogeyphtjs . , 5. Cath arista . . . , Family 3. VULTURID^ . Genera. 1. VULTUK Subgenus A. 1 LOPHOGYPS 6 2. 3 Otogtps 6 1 Gyps 7 4. PsETJDOGYPS 9 5. Neophron 9 3 2 3 Family 4. PALCONID^ . . . . Subfamily 1. . 10 3 GYPAETIN^ . . . . 10 4 Genus. b 1. Gypaettjs . 10 Subfamily 2. GYPOHIERACIJs^^ . 11 Genus. 1. Gypohierax 11 1 An alphabetical index of species will be found at the end of the volume. TABLE OF COXTENTS. Subfamily 3. POLYBOllIN.E Genera. PoLTBORUS .... Sexex Phalcobj;sfs . . MlLVAGO 5. Daptrius 6. IfirCTER Subfamily 4. CIRCAETIN.E Genera. 1. Hekpexotheres . . 2. CiRCAETUS .... 3. Spilornis 4. Drtotriorchis . . 5. eutriorchis .... 6. Heloxarsus .... Subfamily 5. GYMXOGEXYX^. Genus. 1. PoLTBOROIDES Subfamily 6. CIECIX.E Genus. 1. CiRcrs Subfamily 7. ACCIPITRIN.E Genera. 1. MlCRASTUR . . . . 2. Geranospizias . . 3. Urotriorchis . . 4. ^ELIERAX 5. AsTURratlLA . . . . 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 16 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 24 24 25 26 26 Page 6. AsTUR 28 7. LoPHOdPIZIAS 29 8. XisoiDEs 29 9. scelospizias 30 10. Erythrospizias .... 32 11. Tachyspizias 32 12. Letjcospizias 33 13. Urospizias 33 14. AcciPiTER 38 Subgenus A. cooperastttr 15. Erythrotriorchis 16, Megatriorchis Subfamily 8. THKASAETIX^ 43 45 45 45 Genera. 1. iiorphnus 45 2. Harpyopsis 46 3. Thrasaetfs 46 Subfamily 9. AQUILINJE 46 Genera. 1. SpiZAETUS 46 2. LlMNAETUS 47 3. LOPHOTRIORCHIS .... 50 4. LoPHOAExrs 50 5. Neopus 51 6. Spiziastur 51 7. Ntsaetfs 51 8. Aquila 53 9. TjRgAExrs 57 Subfamily 10. HALIAETIX^ . 58 TABLE OF CONTEXTS. Page Genera. THALASSVErUS 58 Haliaettjs 58 polioaetus co Subfamily 11. BUTEONIN^ 60 Genera. Archibuteo GO Buteg , 62 Antenor 70 Onychotes 71 Buteola 71 e.upornis 72 Butastur 73 Asturina 74 Geranoaettjs 74 Letjcopternis 75 Urubitinga 76 Harpthaliaetxjs .... 77 Heterospizias 78 buteogallus 78 Busarellus 78 Subfamily 12. MILVIX.E 7i) Genera. 1. Haliastijr 79 2. MiLVTJS 80 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Subgenus A. LOPHOICTINIA . 81 3. Gtpoictinia 82 4. Elanotdes 82 5. Nattclerus 83 6. Gampsontx 83 7. Elanus 83 8. Ictinia 84 Page 9. lioSTRHAMUS So lt». MACH.ERAMPHUS .... 85 11. Pernis 86 12. Henicoperxis 87 13. liEGERHrNUS 88 14. Leptodon 88 15. Baza 89 Subfamily 13. FALCONIX.E 91 Genera. 1. Harpagtjs 91 2. Microhierax 92 3. poliohiera-x 93 4. Spiziapteryx 94 5. DiSSODECTES 94 6. Harpa 95 7. HiEBACTDEA 96 8. TiNNUNCULUS 96 Subgenus A. Erythropus 100 9. Hypotriorchis 101 10. ^SALON 104 11. Chicqttera 105 12. Falco 105 Subgenus A. Gennaia 109 Subgenus B. HiEROFALCO Ill Family 5. PANDIONID^ Genus. 112 1. Pandion 112 LIST DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. Eeferences Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous Eeferences. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. Family 1. SEEPENTAEIID^. Genus 1. SEEPENTARIUS. Species 1. secretarius (/Sco^^.), Le Vaillant, Ois. d'xifrique, 3 p. 45. vol. i. p. 103 \ pi. 25. Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 237 ; 1860, p. 203. J. H. G. Cat. of Eaptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 8. Huxley, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 441, 442, &L 465. Sharpe's Layard, p. 8. Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 6. Skel.2 ^ ^ Le Vaillant figures this species under the name of " Le Mangeur des Serpens;" Mr. Ayres has applied to it the name of "Sagittarius secret ain us;" I have used that of " Serpeiitarius reptilimrus'" in my former Catalogue above referred to; and Professor Huxley, as also Senhor du Bocage, applies to it the appellatioa of "Gypogeranus serj^en- tarius." LIST or DIUENAL BIRDS OF PREY. 1 IS^omenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Family 2. CATHAETID^'. Genus 1 . SAECORHAMPHUS. Species 1 . gryphus ( Linn.) . . p. 20. Eeferences to J. H. G.'s Jsotes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. 1875, 01 92 Subspecies magellanicus ? . . . . (/SVirtU'), p. 21 », footnote Humboldt et Bonpland, Eecueil d'Observations, vol. i. p. 26, pis. 8 & 9'. J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Xor. Mus, pt. 1, p. 37. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc Zool. vol. xiii. p. 18. Shufeldt, Contributions to Anatomy of Birds, pi. 20. Species sequatorialis * SlKirp ■. ]). 21. 91 92 200 270 !Sha-w, Mus. Lever. i p. l,pl. 1. vol. CJs 1 A very interesting article on the osteology of the Cathartidas wiU be found in Dr. R. W! Shufeldt's "Contributions to the Anatomy of Birds" in the 12th Annual Report of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey, p. 727. ^ Here referred to the genus J'ultur. ^ I am indebted to Dr. Dubois, of the Brussels Museum, for a copy of the following memorandum, furnished to him by Mons. E. de Ville, Belgian Consul at Quito, on the subject of Sarcorhamphiis (squaforialis : — "Le Sarcoramphus (squatorialis vit dans les Andes de la Republique de I'Equateur en meme temps que le S. gryphus, mais il se tient toujours dans des altitudes differentes ; c'est une espece parfaitemeut distincte et reconnue par les indigenes de la republique ; il parait qu'il est plus petit que le gryphus et que sa couleur se rapproche de celle du jeune de ce dernier." I cannot agree with Mr. Sharpe in referring to 8. (Bqiiatorialis the Condor figured by MM. Eydoux and Souleyet (Voyage de la Bonite, Ois. pi. 2), as those naturalists con- sidfred the bird they figured to be an immature S. gryphus, and there is nothing, I think, to indicate that thej' were mistaken in this view. There is now (July 1883) a Peruvian Condor living in the Gardens of the Zoological Society, which has been there since June 1877, and which is still in immature dress, unless it be, as it is labelled at the Gardens, an example of S. cBquatorialis : the absence of any comb seems to denote that it is a female bird ; but the iris instead of being garnet-coloured, as in the adult female of S. gryphus, is dark brown, which I suspect is an indication that the bird is not j-et really adult. LIST OF DITJENAL BIRDS OF PREY. Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Genus 2. GYPARCHUS. Species 1. papa (Linn.), p. 22. Genus 3. PSEUDOGRYPHUS, p. 455. Species 1. calif ornianus (Shaw ^-iVofW.), pp.28,455 References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and pages). 1875, 94 95 Miscellaneous Eeferences. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. Edwards, X. H. of Birds,' vol. i. p. 2, pl.^ j J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 35. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 18. Shufeldt, Contributions to Anatomy of Birds, pis. 15| &21. 3 Skel.l Audubon, Birds of America. pi. 42G. J. H. G. Cat. of Eaptores in Nor. Mus. p. 39. Taylor, Ibis, 1859, p. 469 ; i860, pis. 8 & 9. Baird, Brewer, and Eidg- way, Land Birds of N America, vol. iii. p. 338. Ridgway, BuU. of Nuttall Orn. Club, vol. v. p. 82. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 24. Shufeldt, Contributions to Anatomy of Birds, pis. 16, 17, 18, & 19. 4.2 Skel.l ^ Here figured as "the King of the Vultures." ^ One of these specimens is the nestling figured in the 'Ibis' for ISfiO, pi. 9. Mr. Sharpe includes this species in the genus Bhinogryj^hus ; but I think it may be admitted as generically distinct, especially as having fourteen rectrices, a peculiarity first noticed by Audubon. Mr. Ridgway, in a recent letter, writes "this species is so nearly extinct that we have been trying unsuccessfully for years to get additional specimens ; " he attributes this to the " wholesale use of poison for the destruction of wolves, bears, &c." LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET. Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous Eeferences. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. Genus 4. RHINOGRYPHUS^ Species 1. aura {Linn.) pp. 25, 455. 1875, 93 Subspecies a. falklandicus .... (Sharpe), p.27,pl.2. fiff. 1. Species 2. pemiger {Sharpe) p. 26. 3. burrovianus {Cass.) p. 28, pi. 2. fig. 2. 1875, 93 93 94 Audubon, Birds of America, pi. 151. J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in IS^or. Mus. pt. 1, p. 42 \ Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way. Land Birds of IS". America, vol. iii. p. 344. Sbar[:)e, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 21. Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 9. Shufeldt, Contributions to Anatomy of Birds, pis. 21 &22. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc Zool. vol. siii. p. 24. Sclater & Salvin, Report on Birds of Antarctic Ame rica, Yoyage of H.M.S. ' Challenger,' Zool. vol. ii. pt. 8, p. 105 -. D'Orbigny, Yoyage, Ois. p. 38, pLl.flg. 3^ Sharpie, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 23. Taczanowski, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 47. Bonyan, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 54 ^ Sclater, P. Z.S. 1863, p. 224. 12 Skel.l 2 1 In mv Catalogue of the Raptores in the Norwich Museum, as well as by some other authors, the genera Pseudogryphus, Bhinogryphxis, and Ccdharista are all included imder the head of Cathartes. In Mr. Eidgway's Notes on the American Vultures, pub- lished subsequently to his proposal of the generic term Rhinogri/phus, he gives it as his opinion that the latter name must give way to the older term Cathartes ; but I am not altogether convinced by his argument, and prefer to retain the generic name of Bhinogryphiis. ^ Described under the title of Cathartes aura. ^ Here referred to as " the Yellow-necked Carrion Crow." LIST OF DIURXAL BIRDS OP PREY. Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Oat. vol. i. j Genus 5. CATHARISTA. Species 1. atrata {Bart), p. 24. Family 3. VULTURID^. Genus 1. VULTUR. Species monachus, Linn. p. 3. Re'ferences to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. J. H. G. Cat. of Eaptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 46. Sharpe, Journ. of Lima. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 24. Ridgway, Bull, of Nuttall Orn. Club, vol. v. p. 83' Audubon, Birds of America, pi. 106 ^ J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 47 Leotaud, Ois. de la Trinidad, p.2^ Grayson, Memoirs of Boston Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii p. 303. Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way. Land Birds of N America, vol. iii. p. 350. Ridgway, Bull, of Nuttall Orn. Club, vol. v. p. 87. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc Zool. vol. xiii. p. 19. J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 67. Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar, p. 28. ^ Mr. Ridgway, in the article here referred to, appears to prove satisfactorily that Cathartes uruhitinga of Pelzeln is identical with and a subsequent synonym of C. hur- rovianus of Cassin ; in the other notes above cited the specific name "■ uricbitinga" has been used, as also in the figure given by Mr. Sharpe. ^ Audubon refers to this species as Cathartes iota; Leotaud as Cathartes f ceteris. LIST OV DltJRXAL BIRDS OF PEET. References Number Nomenclature, with references to Shafpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous References. of speci- mens in !^orwich and pages). Museum. J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles V U LTUR. of a Xaturalist, p. 128. 1. monachus (con- Dresser, Birds of Europe, tinued). vol. V. p. 383, pi. 321. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 2. Pijevalsky, Rowley's Orn. Misc. vol. ii. p. 139. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 5. Subgenus A. LOPHOGYPS. Species 1. occipitalis (Burch.), Hempricli and Ehrenberg, 3 p. 15. Symbolae Physicae, Aves, pl.l4\ Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 235 ; 1869, p. 287. J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 65. Sharpe's Layard, p. 5. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 11. Du Socage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 3. Skel.l Genus 2. OTOGYPS. Species 1. auricularis (Dand.). 1860,171 Le YaiUant, Ois. d'Airique, 2 p. 13. 1873, 324 p. 36, pi. 92. Skel.l 1877, 257 Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 235 ; 258 1869, p. 287. J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in ISTor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 57. Sharpe's Layard, p. 4. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 12. ^ Here figured as " Vultur eulophus." * Described by le Vaillant under the name of " L'Oricou." LIST OF DIURNAL BIRD9 OF PREY. Eeferences Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the 'Ibis' (years MiscellaneouB Eeferences. mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. Subspecies a. nubicus ? {H. Smith), J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in 3 p. ]3\ l^oT. Mus. pt. 1, p. 57 \ J. H. Gurney,jun., Rambles of a Naturalist, p. 128. Bree, Birds of Europe, 2nd Species edition, vol. i. p. 1, pi. 2. calvus {Scop.), p. 14. J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 56. Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 12, pi. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 1. Severtzoflf, Ibis, 1875, p. 99. J. H. G. Stray Feathers, vol. vii. p. 170. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 13. Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 364. Davidson, Stray Feathers, 2 Genus 3. vol. X. p. 285. GYPS. Species 1. ftdvus (Gmel.), pp. 5 1875, 87 J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in 7 &6\ to 89 Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 69. Newton's YarreU, vol. i. p. 1. J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles of a Naturalist, pp. 28, 39, 101, 129, & 223. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol.v. p. 373, pis. 319 & 320. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Skel.l * Zool. vol. xiii. p. 4. Seebohm, BritishBirds, pt.l, p. 4. 2. kolbii (Daud.), p. 8, XT Andersson, Birds of Damara 1 pl.l. Land, p. 5. ^ United by Mr. Sharpe to 0. auricularis, as also by myself in my former Catalogue. * As mentioned in my Notes, I do not consider as distinct Mr. Sharpe's subspecies " hispaniolensis." LIST OF DIUKNAL BIRDS OF PKEY. Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. GYPS. 2. kolbii (continued). 3. fcdvescens, Hume . p. 7. 4. himalayensis, Hume, p. 8. 1875, 89 90 5 . indicus (Scop.), p . 1 0, Subspecies a. pallescens* ?, Hume, p. 11. Species 6. teiiuirostris*,^o(Z5r., p. 10^. Sharpe's Layard, p. 1. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 9. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 5. Hume, Stray Feathers, vol vii. p. 322. Davidson, Stray Feathers vol. s. p. 285. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 3. Severtzotf, Ibis, 1875, p. 9 Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. vii. p. 323. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc Zool. vol. xiii. p. 8. Prjevalsky, Rowley's Orn, Misc. vol. ii. p. 141. David et Oustalet, Ois, de la Chine, p. 6. J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 74. Hume, Rough Notes, p. 21 Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 10. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 6. Hume, Stray Feathers, vol vii. pp. 165, 325. Davidson, Stray Feathers, vol. X, p. 285. Gray's Genera, vol. i. p. 6 pL3. Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. vii. p. 326. ' Mr. Sharpe gives G. tenuirosfris as a synonym of G. indicus; but Mr. Hume {I. c.) states that it differs from "the Eastern Gyps indicus in the much slenderer bill and head." LIST OF DIURXAL BIRDS OF PREY. Keferences Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous Eeferences. of speci- mens in Norwich aud pages). Museum. 7. rueppelli, Bon., p. 9. 1868, 138 Rlippell, Atlas Vogel, p. 47, 4 1875, 90 pi. '32\ J. H. G. Cat. of Eaptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 73. Blanford, Geol. & Zool. of Abyssinia, p. 285. Sharpe's Layard, p. 3. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Skel.l Genus 4. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 9. PSEUDOGYPS. Species 1. bengalensis (Gmel), 1882, 235 Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 3, 2 p. 11. pi. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 7. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 11. Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 364. Skel.l 2. africanus, Salv Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. 3 p. 12. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 11, Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 1, pi. 9. Genus 5. NEOPHRON. Species 1. percnopterus .... J. H. G. Cat. of Eaptores in 9 {Linn.), p. 17. Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 50. Newton's Yarrell, vol.i. p. 6. Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar, p. 31. J. H. Gurney, jun.,Eambles of a Naturalist, pp. 43, 129. Danford, Ibis, 1878, p. 2. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. V. p. 391, pi. 322. Sharpe's Layard, p. 6. Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 13. Skel.l ^ Here misnamed " Vv.lttir A-olhii." 10 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. Nomenclature, with references to Sbarpe's Cat. vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous References. Number of speci mens in Norwich Museum. NEOPHRON. 1. percnopterus (coa- tinued). Subspecies . ginginianus (Lath.). p. 18. Species 2. monachus (Temm.) p. 19. Subspecies (I. pileatus (BurcJi.) . . pp. 18, 455. Family 4. FALCONIDiE. Subfamily 1. GYPAETIN^. Genus 1. GYPAETTJS. Species barbatus {Linn.) p. 228. 1868,137 138 1875, 91 1868,137 1875, 91 Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 4. Seebobm.,Britisli Birds, pt.l , p. 11. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 9. Sbarpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool. yol. xiii. p. 15. Temminck, Pl.Col. pi. 222\ Blanford, Geol. & Zool. of Abyssinia,, p. 287 ^ J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Nor. Mus. p. 53". Sharpe's Layard, p. 7. Sbarpe, Joui'n. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xiii. p. 17". 2 Skel.l 1877, 210 210 J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 81. Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar, p. 38. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 12. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. V. p. 401, pis. 323, 324, &L 325. Prjevalsky, Rowley's Orn. Misc. vol. ii. p. 137. 13 Skel.l ^ Here referred to the genus Cathartes. ^ y. monachns and N. pileatus are here united under the latter name. LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 11 Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. 2. ossifragus (Savig.) p. 2^0. Subfamily 2. G YPOHIERA CIN^. Genus 1. GYPOHIERAX. Species 1. angolensis - ( G-'meZ.), p. 312. Subfamilj' 3. POLYBORINJE. Genus 1. POLYBORUS. Species 1, cheriway (Jacq.) p. 33. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). 1868, 13G 1878, 452 458 459 1875, 95 Miscellaneous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 7. Eiippell, Systematische Uebersicht, p. 1, pi. 1^ J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 87 \ Ayres, Ibis, 18(54, p. 346' Sharpe's Layard, p. 32. Gray, Genera of Birds, vol. i. p. 7, pi. 4. Blanchard, Ibis, 1860, p. 94. Du Chaillu, Explorations, p. 131. J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 79. Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 44, Sharpe's Layard, p. 45. Ayres, Ibis, 1877, p. 340 Audubon, Birds of America, 4 pi. 16 P. Skel.1 5 Skel.l ^ The specific name " meridionalis" is here used. - In my Notes I followed Mr. Sharpe in treating this remarkable species as an abnormal Sea-Eagle ; but on further consideration I think it best to place it in a distinct subfamily. ^ The specific name " brasiliensis" is here used. In my former Catalogue I did not distinguish between this species and P. fharus. 12 LIST OF DITTRJTAL BIRDS OF PREY. Nomenclature, with references to Sliarpe's Cat. -vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous Eeferences. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. POLYBORUS. 1. cheriwSLy (continued). 2. tharus (Mol), p. 31 . . 3. lutosus, Bidg. Genus 2. SENEX\ Species 1. australis (Gmel.) p. 38. Genus 3. PHALCOB.aENUS. Species megalopterus . {Me>j.), p. 3(5. Baird, Brewer, and Bidg- way, Laud Birds of N. America, vol. iii. p. 178. Swaiuson, Zoological Illus- trations, ser. 2, pi. 2\ J. H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 17. Selater, P.Z. S. 1876, p. 333, pi. 25\ J.H.G.P.Z.S.1878,p.230 Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p.l88 ; 1878, p. 398. Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 415 Ridgway, Monograph of Polybori, p. 4.59. Bidgway, Orn. of Guade loupe Island, p. 192. Temminck, PI. Col." pis. 192 &224. J. H. G. Cat. of Eaptores in Xor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 20. D'Orbigny, Voyage Ois. p. 51, pi. 2. J. H. G. Cat. of Eaptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1 , p. 24. ^ The specific name " brasiUensis'' is here used. ^ One of the pale Caracaras figured in this plate is still liring in the Gardens of the Zoological Society (August 1883). 2 The genera Senex, Phalcobcenus, Milvago, and Baptrius are all included by Mr. Sharpe in the genus Ibycter. * Figured by Temminck as "Falco nova zealandies." LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET. 13 Nomenclature, with references to Sbarpe's Cat. vol. i. 2. carunculatus, Des J/urs, p. 3S. 3. albigularis (Oould), p. 37. Genus 4. MILVAGO. Species 1. chiTaa.nso (Vieill) . p. 41. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). 2. chiraa,ch.iraB. (Vieill.), pp. 39, 455. Genus 5. DAPTRIUS. Species 1. ater^, Vieill., p. 35. 2. gymnocephalus*? {UOrh.\ p. 34. 1875, 95 Miscellaneous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. Sclater, Ibis, 1861, p. 19, pi. 1. J. H. G. Cat. of Haptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 25. Gould, Zool. of Voyage of the Beagle, pt. 3, p. 13, pl.l. Gray's Genera, vol. i. p. 10, pi. 5. J. H. G. Cat. of Eaptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 26. Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p.188 ; 1878, p. 398. Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 420. White, P. Z.S. 1882, p. 623. Jardine and Selby, Illustra- tions of Ornithology, pi. 2, J. H. G. Cat. of Eaptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 27. Salvin,Godman,and Simons, Ibis, 1880, p. 177. Temminck, PL Col. pis. 37 &342\ J. H. G. Cat. of Eaptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 29. D'Orbigny, Voyage Ois p. 50. ' " Gymrio'ps fasciatus'" of Spix must, I think, be considered a synonym oi Daptrius ater ; Temminck figures this species under the name of " Faico aterrimus.' 14 T/ST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. Nomenclature, with ref erennes to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. References to J. H. a.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. Genus 6. IBYCTER. Species americanus (Bodd. pp. 35, 455. Subfamily 4. CIRCAETINuE. Genus 1. HERPETOTHERES^ Species 1. cachinnans (Linn. p. 278. 1878, 87 145 146 Genus 2. CIRCAETUS. Species gallicus (Gmel.). p. 280. 87 146 BufFon,Pl.Enl.vol.i.p.llO, 4 p. 417'. J, H. G. Cat. of Raptores in Nor. Mus. pt. 1, p. 29. Yieillot et Oudart, Galerie des Ois. p. 47, pi. 19. Eidg^vay, Studies of Ame- rican Falconidte, p. 136 Grayson, Memoirs of Boston Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii p. 300. Lawrence and Sumichrast, Birds of S.W. Mexico, BuU. U. S. Mus. no. 4 p. 41. Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 353. Schlegel, Valk Yogels, pp. 35, 70, pi. 24. fig. 1. Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar. p. 46. J. H. Gurney,jun., Rambles of a Naturalist, p. 130. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 39, * Here figured and described as " Le petit Aigle d'Amerique." ^ The genus Herpetotke?'es occupies, as it appears to me, a position intermediate between the American subfamily Polyborinje and the Circaetine genera of the Old World. LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 15 References Number Nonieiu'lature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the Miscellaneous References. mens in r ' Ibis ' (years Norwijeh and pages). Museum. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. V. p. 563, pis. 349 & 350. Prjevalskj', Rowley's Misc. vol. ii. p. 145. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 21. 2. cinerascens, lliilL, 1861, 131^ Heuglin, Ibis, 1860, pp. 410, 5 p. 285. 414, pi. 15 \ Skel.l 1878, 14G Du Bocage, Orn. d' Angola, to 148 p. 38. 3. fasciolatus, Grai/ , . 1861, 130 Ayres, Ibis,1862, p. 35, pi. 3. 2 p. 285. 1868,139 Sharpe's Layard, p. 45. 1878, 148 Bohm, Journ. fiir Orn. 1882, to 150 p. 203. 4. beaudouinii, Ver- 1861, 1312 Verreaux et Des Murs, Ibis, 7 reau.v iS,' Des Murs, 1878, 146 1862, p. 212, pi. 7. p. 284. 5. pectoralis. Smith . . 1868, 139 A. Smith, S. African Quart. 11 p. 282. 1878, 150 Joiirn. vol. i. p. 109. Skel.l to 160 Von Heuglin, Ibis, 1860, 1880,258 p. 413. Ayres, Ibis, 1860, p. 203 ; 1877,p.341;]878,p.281. Du Bocage, Orn. d' Angola, p. 37. 6. cinereus^, Vleill. . . 1878, 150 Vieillot, IN". Diet. vol. sxiii. 7 p. 2^2. to 152 p. 445. 160 Vieillot et Oudart, Gal. Ois. to 164 pi. 12. 352 E,iippell,jS'eueAVirbcl.Vogel, 1880,258 p. 351, pi. 14^. Von Heuglin, Ibis, 1860, p. 413. Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 34. 1 There called "Circaetus sonunis" and " Circaetus melanotis." ^ In this Note two immature specimens of C. beaudouinii in the Norwich Museum were erroneously referred to C. gallicus. ' Mr. Sharpe unites C. pectoralis and C. cinereus. * Here figured under the name of " Falco funereus" 16 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. References Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Oat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous References. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. Genus 3. SPILORNIS. 1878, 87 Species 88 1. undulatus' (Vig.). . „ 89 Gould, Centurj', pi. V. 8 p. 287. to 97 Hume, Nests and Eggs of Skel.l 145 Indian Birds, p. 40 \ David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 2\\ Gates, Birds of British Bur- Subspecies mah, Tol, ii. p. 193. a. albidus- (Cuv.) .... „ 90 Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 19 4 pp. 289, 458. to 97 (immature). 1882,235 Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870, p. 85. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 42. Hume, Stray Eeathers, vol. iv. p. 358. Cripps, Stray Feathers, vol. vii. p. 247. David et Gustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 22. Bingham, Stray Eeathers, vol. ix. p. 144. Gates, Birds of British Bur- mah, vol. ii. p. 194. b. spilogaster^(5Z?/f7i), 1878, 97 Legge,Birds of Ceylon,p.61. 13 p. 289. to 100 c. hido' (Horsf.), IX 290. „ 100 Schlegel,ValkVogels, pi. 22. 2 Skel.l d. davisoni^ Hume . . „ 98 Hume, StrayEeathers,vol.ii. 2 p. 289. 99 p. 147, Tol. iv. p. 281. ^ Mr. Sharps and some other authors use for this species the specific name " cheela ; " Mr. Gould the generic name " HcBmafornis." 2 I think that S. mdanotis and See note 4, p. 20. ^ One of these specimens is the type described by Professor Newton in P. Z. S. 1863, p. 180, and by Mr. E. Newton in ' Ibis,' 1863, p. 337. ' Two of these specimens are the types figured in P. Z. S. 1865, pi. 44. 22 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. a.'s Notes in the Miscellaneous References. of speci- mens in to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. ' Ibis ' (years Norwich and pages). Museum. CIRCUS. 11. approximans {con- 1876,384^ Bonaparte, Conspectus, vol. tinued). i. p. 34\ Gould, Birds of Australia, vol. i. pi. 20-. Buller, Birds of N. Zealand, p. 11, pi. & Intr. p. 15\ 12. spilothorax*, /Srt?v. Salvador! and D'Alberti, Ann. Civ. Gen. vol. vii. p. 807. Salvador!, Oru. della Pa- puasia e delle Molucche, pt. 1, p. 71. o 13. spilonotus% Kaujy, 1875, 225 Swinhoe, Ibis, 1863, p. 213, 13 13. 58. pi. 5. Prjevalsky, Eowley's Orn. Misc. vol. ii. p. 154. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 29. Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 30; 1879, p. 235. 14. seruginosus^ . . . . 1875, 223 jS'ewton's YarreU, vol. i. 29 (Linn.), p. 69. 225 p. 127. 1882,235 Irby,Orn. of Gibraltar, p.33. J. H. Gurney, jun.. Rambles of a Naturalist, p. 144. Ayres, Ibis, 1871, p. 147. Scully, Stray Feathers, vol. iv. p. 126. 1 I find that the Harrier of the Fiji Islands (Circus approximans) is, as stated in Mr. Sharpe's volume, identical with C. goiddi of Australia and New Zealand. In my last note in the 'Ibis,' above referred to, I mentioned that as the only Fijian Harrier which I had examined was immature, I felt doubtful whether it should be referred to C. gouldi or to C. wolfi ; but I have since ascertained its identity with the former by the inspection of two adult males, kindly lent to me by Captain Wardlaw Ramsay, which were obtained by Mr. Layard at Bua-Vanua Levu in the Fiji Islands. As the specific name "approximans" was applied by Peale to this Harrier in 1848, it has priority over that of " ffouldi" proposed for it by Bonaparte in 1850 and adopted in Mr. Sharpe's volume and also in my notes, as well as in Mr. Buller's ' Birds of New Zealand.' 2 Here figured under the incorrect name '^Circus assimilis." ^ See Appendix A. LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 23 Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. 15. ranivorus (Daud.), p. 71. Eeferences to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and pages). IG. hxaahloti*\ Milne Ed. et Grand. 17. assimilis'' (Jard. Sf Selh.), p. 63. Miscellaneous References. 1875, 225 Dresser, Birds of Europc,vol V. p. 415, pis. 326 & 327' Rowley, Orn. Misc. vol. ii p. 65, pi. 45. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 30. Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 5 Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 422. Sharpe's Layard, p. 16. Du Bocage, Ois. d' Angola, Seebohm,British Birds, pt.l, p. 124. Gates, Birds of British Bur- mah, vol. ii. p. 176. Le Yaillant, Ois. d'Afrique, vol. i. p. 95, pi. 23-. Ayres, Ibis, 1868, p. 464 ; 1878, p. 283. Sharpe's Laj^ard, p. 14. Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 11. MUne-Edwards et Grandi- dier, Ois. de Madagascar, vol. ii. pis. 29 rt, 29 h. figs. 1, 1 a, & 1 6, & pi. 29c. figs. 1& la. Gould, Birds of Australia, vol. i. pi. 27. Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp. 29,67, pi. 20. figs. 2 & 3. Tweeddale,Collected Works p. 141. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. 16 Skel. 1 11 ' See Appendix A. ^ Here figured under the name of "Le Grenouillard." ' The description of this species is expected to appear in the "Appendix" to the work of Messrs. Milne-Edwards and Grandidier. * The geographical distribution of Circus assimilis {C.jardinii of Gould's 'Birds of Australia') is extremely curious, the only localities out of Australia in which it exists being (so far as I have been able to ascertain) Tasmania and Celebes. I may add that the only Tasmanian specimen I have seen is an immature bird obtained in 1840 and preserved in the Norwich Museum. 24 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous References. mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. Subfamily 7. AGCIPITRINM. Genus 1 . MICRASTUR. Species 1. melanoleucus^ . . . . 1879, 171 TemTTiinck, PL Col. pis. 116 7 (Vieill.), p. 75. (footnote) (immature) and 141 (adult)\ Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 865. Grayson, Memoirs Boston Soc. Nat, Hist. vol. ii. p. 299. Cabot, Boston Journal Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 462. Lawrence and Sumichrast, Birds of S.W. Mexico in BuU. U. S. Mus. no. 4, p. 40. Ridgway, Proc. of Acad, of Nat. Sciences of Phila- delphia, 1875, p. 482. 2 9Tn9 111*114. (r-lim 1879, 171 1- 3. mirandoUei Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S. 2 (Schleg.), p. 76. 1869, p. 365. Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia, 1875, p. 4853. Taczanowski, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 47. 1 Mr. Sharpe uses for this species the specific name " semitorquaius ;" Temminck figures it as " Falco brachi/pterus." ^ This specimen is one of the two types of the species, the other being in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman. ^ Mr. Ridgway here gives the only description with which I am acquainted of the immature plumage of 31. mirandoUei. I may mention that both the specimens contained in the Norwich Museum were obtained in Guiana ; these and the few others which I have seen are in adult plumage, and the immature dress is only known to me from Mr. Ridgway's description. LIST OF BIURNAL BIRDS OP PREY. 25 Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Oat. vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and pages). Miscellaneous Eeferences. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. 4. guerilla', Cass., p. 79 Subspecies a. jugularis'. Gum. . . n. sp. Cassia, Journ. Phil. Acad. vol. i. pi. 40. Sclater and Salvia, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 367. Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia, 1875, p. 486. 7 6 Species 5. ruficoUis' ( Vuill.) . . p. 76. 187S ►,232 Temminck, PI. Col. pis. 92 & 3062. 7 6. zonothorax^ (Cah.), p. 79. n 232 Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia, 1875, p. 489. O 7. gilvicoUis' (Vieill), p. 78. 5> 232 233 D'Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p. 883. 5 Genus 2. GEHANOSPIZIAS. ?? 233 Species 1. gracilis^ (Temm.) . . p. 81. ?> 233 Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 91. Ridgway, Cat. of Falco- nidseinBoston Mus.p.43. 5 2. caerulescens ( Vieill.), p. 81. H 233 234 Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 3. Ridgway, Cat. of Falco- nidae in Boston Mus. p. 43. 3 ' As to the several species here numbered 4, 4a!, 5, 6, and 7 (and the synonyms of some of them) see Appendix B, where I have treated M. leucauchen as a synonym of M. ri(ficollis ; M. concentricus and M. jxlzelni I have treated as synonyms of M. gilvi- collis. 2 Temminck's plates are severally entitled " Falco xanthothorax " and "Falco leu- cauchen." ^ Described by D'Orbigny under the title of " Nisus concentricus." ■* Mr. Sharpe treats G. gracilis and G. cmrulescens as belonging to the same species ; but they appear to me to be distinct. G. gracilis is the "'Aplomado" of Azara, and G. cisrulescens is the " Falco hemidacfylus '' of Temminck ; G. gracilis is the more Eastern, G. carulescens the more Western species, both being South-American. E 26 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PKEY. References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous References. mens in Norwich and paifes). Museum. GERANOSPIZIAS. Species 3. niger {Da Bus),^. 82.1875, 233 Du Bus, Esquisses Orn. pi. 6 16. Ridgway, Cat. of Falco- nidaein Boston Mus. p. 45. Grayson, Memoirs of Boston Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii. p. 299. Lawrence and Sumichrast, Birds of S.W. Mexico, in BuU. U. S. Mus. no. 4, p. 39. Genus 3. UROTRIORCHIS. Species 1. macrurus (i/rtriZ.) . . „ 234 Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 58, 2 p. 83. pi. 3\ Genus 4. MELIERAX. Species 1. canorus {liisl.), p. 87 1868% 145 Le Vaillant, Ois. d'Afrique, 8 1875, 235 p. 117, pi. 27 ^ Ayres, Ibis, 1869, p. 289 ; 1877, p. 340^ Sharpe's Layard, p. 17. 2. poliopterus, Cah. . . Shellev, P. Z. S. 1882, p. O p. 88. 305. 3. polyzonus (Riipp.) . 1875, 235 RUppell, Neue Wirbel. Vo- lO p. 88. gel, p. 36, pi. 15. Drake, Ibis, 1869, p. 153. Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar, p. 35. Sharpe's Layard, p. 18. Skel. 1 ^ Here referred to the genus Astur. - Here figured under the name of "Le Faucon chauteur." ' The sjjecific name " musicun" is here used. LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 27 References Number Nomenclature, with references to Sliarpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous References. of speci- mens in Norwich unci pages). Museum. Du Bocage, Oru. d'Angola, p. 12. Du Bocage, 21st West Afri- can List, p. 1, & 22nd, p. 8. 4. mechowi?*, Gah. . . Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn. 1882, p. 229. o 5. metabates?* Von Heuglin, Ibis, 1861, o V. Heuijl., p. 92, p. 72. 6. gabar' {Baud.), p. 89 1868,145 Levaillant, Ois. d'Afrique, 19 1875, 235 p. 136, pi. 33 \ 236 Sharpe's Layard, p. 19. Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 15. 7. niger (Bonn. ctVieill.) Yicillot et Oudart, Gall, des 6 p. 91. Ois. vol. i. pi. 22. Ayres, Ibis, lo7S, p. 282. Sharpe's Layard, p. 20, Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 16. Shelley, P. Z.S. 1882, p.305. Genus 5, ASTURINULA. 1876, 4S3^ Species l. monogrammica . . „ 484 Temminck, PI. Col. pi, 314. 13 (Temm.), p. 275. 1881, 124 Ussber, Ibis, 1874, p. 46, J. H. G. P. Z, S. 1878, p. 791. Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. 285. Sharpe's Layard, p. 42. Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 33. Shelley,P.Z.S.1881,p.562. 1 The peculiarities of coloration and marking which Mr. Blanford observed in his Abyssinian .specimens (vide Geol. and Zool. of Abyssinia, p. 292), and which I formerly agreed with him in considering to be indicative of the specific validity of M. niloticus (Sund.), I now think are more probably in the nature of individual variations (perhaps contingent upon age) than in that of specific distinctions of a constant and stable cha- racter. Levaillant figures a South-African specimen under the name of " Le Gabar." ^ In my Notes I have treated the genus as most nearly allied to Asfiirina ; but I am now of opinion that it is even more closely related to Melicmx. See my remarks in P. Z. S. 1878, p. 791 ; coiif. Garrud, P.Z. S.*1873, pp. 466, mi. 28 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PKET. References Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. Tol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous References. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages) Museum. Genus 6. ASTUE. 1875, 353 Species 1. palumbarius „ 353 Xewton's Yarrell, vol. i. 15 (Linn.), p. 95. 354 p. 83. Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar, p. 36. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 24. RadclifFe, Falconry, p. 16. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. V. p. 587, pi. 354. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 23. Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 40. Seebohm, British Birds, vol. i. p. 142. Skel.2 2. candidissimus .... Pallas, Zoogr. Eosso-As. Dijhowski. vol. i. p. 370 \ Dybowslo, BuU. Soc. Zool. de Erance, 1883, p. 353. 3. atricapillus (Trz7s.). „ 353 Swainson and Richardson, 7' pp. 97, 456, to 355 Eauna Bor.-Amer. pt. 1, p. 40, pi. 26. Baird, Brewer, and Eidg- Avay, Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. p. 237. Seebohm, British Birds, vol. i. p. 145. 4. hensti"^) ScJileg., p. 97 „ 353 Mibie-Edwards et Grandi- dier, Ois. de Madagascar, vol. i. p. 98, vol. ii. pis 30 & 30 «. O ^ Here described imder the designation of "Accipiter astur /3." ^ One of these specimens is an immature example of the subspecies " striatulus^ of Ridgway, if that be admitted as distinct, but I do not believe it to be a valid subspecies. LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 29 Eeferences Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. toI. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous Eeferences. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. Genus 7. LOPHOSPIZIAS\ 1875, 355 Species 1. trivirgatus (Temm.) „ 355 Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp. lO p. 105. 356 18, 57, pi. 10. 468 Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 20. Subspecies a. rufitinctus" „ 355 Legge, Birds of Ceylon, 5 {lU'Clell), p. 106. p. 21. Species 2. griseiceps (ScJileg.) . „ 355 Wallace,Ibis, 1864,p. 184, 3 p. 106. pi. 5. Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp. 19, 58, pi. 11. figs. 1 &2. 3. tenuirostris ?* ^ . . Briiggemann, in Abhand- O {Bribjg.). luugen vorn nat. Vereine zu Bremen, vol, v. p. 43, pi. 3. fig. 2 (head only). Genus 8. NISOIDES. 1875, 366 Species 1. moreli*,PoZZ.,p.l20 1869, 448 Milne-Edwards et Grandi- o 1875, 366 dier, Ois. de Madagascar, vol. i. p. 105, vol. ii, pi. 32. fig. 2, pi. 32rt. * Included by Mr. Sharpe in the genus Astur, as also by many other authors. 2 '^ Astur indicus" Hodgs., appears to be a later synonym than rufitinctus (vide ' Stray Feathers,' vol. t. p. 124). ^ Apparently founded on a single specimen from the Celebes, which was considered by Kaup to be a young male of L. griseiceps; it has the peculiarity (perhaps only an individual one) of the absence of any sinuation from the tomia of the upper man- dible. 30 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET. References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sliarpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the Miscellaneous References. mens in 'Ibis' (years Norwich and pages). Museum. Genus 9. SCELOSPIZIAS^ 1875, 357 Species 1. francesi (Smith)' . . „ 357 Milne-Edwards et Grandi- 6 p. 116. to 359 dier, Ois. de Madagascar, vol.i. p.99,vol.ii. pis. 31, 32. fig. 1, p]s. 33 & 34. 2. pusillus, Gum „ 358 Sclater, Ibis, 1S64, p. 298, 4 359 pi. 7^ E. Xewton, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 296 ^ SheUey,P.Z.S.1879,p.674. 3. brutus(PoZL),p.l07. 1869, 418^ Schlegel and Pollen, Fann. 1 1875, 359 Madag. Ois. p. 38, pi. 12. fig. 2\ 4. polyzonoides .... „ 360 Smith, 111. of S. African 13 {Smith), p. 113. 468 Zool., Aves, pi. 11. Sharpe's Layard, p. 22. Du Socage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 19. Shelley, P. Z.S. 1881, p. 563. Shelley and Ayres, Ibis, 1882, p. 237. 5. badius (Gmel.) .... „ 360 Temininck, PI. Col. pis. 303, 22 p. 109. 361 &336«. Hume, jNTests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 24''. Blanford, Zool. and Geol. of Eastern Persia, p. 107. Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 23. Davidson, Stray Feathers, vol. X. p. 286. 1 Included by Mr. Sharpe in the genus Astiir; also by most other authors here referred to. ' In my Notes I have followed Mr. Sharpe in spelling this name as " fran<:isca ■" but I now look upon the spelling adopted above as more correctly representing the deri- vation of the name. ^ Here referred to the genus Accipiter. * Here referred to the genus Accipifer. * Here referred to the genus Nisus. ^ Here figured under the name "Falco dussumieri." ' Here referred to the genus Alicronisus. LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREr. 31 Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Subspecies a. poliopsis {Hume) p. IIU. h. cenchroides {Severtz.). References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). c. sphenurus {Rilpp.), p. 112. Species 6. brevipes'^ (Severtz.), p. 111. 7. tachiro {Daud.) p. 99. Subspecies a. unduliventer^ . . . . {Riipp.), pp. 99, 100, 108. 1875, 360 361 1882,235 1875, 361 479 480 (with edito- rial foot- note). 1875, 360 Miscellaneous References. 360 361 1868, 144 1875, 361 362 468 362 363 David et Oustalet, Ois. do la Chine, p. 24. Bingham, Stra)' Feathers vol. ix. p. 143. Severtzoff, Turk. Jev. p 113. Severtzoff, Ibis, 1875, p, 104. Severtzoff, Stray Feathers, vol. iii. p. 422. Blanford, Zool. and Geol. of Eastern Persia, p. 108. Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 40'. RiippeU, System. Ueber- sicht, pp. 6 & 11, pi. 2^ Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. V. p. 633, pis. 359 & 360^ Severtzoff, Ibis,187o,p.l 05. Temminck, PI. Col. pis. 377 & 420\ Sharpe's Layard, p. 20. Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 17. Shelley, P. Z.S. 1882, p.302. RiippeU, Neue Wirb. p. 40, pi. 18. fig. 1. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum 13 Skel.l 12 14 Skel.l ^ Here referred to the genus Micronisus. ^ Here referred to the genus Nisuif. ^ Misprinted "breviceps" in the 'Ibis' for 1875, p. 361. * Here referred to the genus Accipiter, * Here figured as "Falco tachiro." '^ I now consider that the following are all synonyms of S. undulivenfer, viz. Adur macroscelides of Hartlaub, Accipiter zonarius of Hartlaub, and Astur tibialis of Verreaux ; also that Captain Shelley's immature specimen from the Cameroons, referred to by me in the ' Ibis," 1875, p. 362, belongs to this species : the type of Astur tibialis is one of the four specimens of S. unduliventer preserved in the Norwich Museum. 32 LIST OF DIURXAL BIRDS OF PREY, Eeferences Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. Gr.'s Notes in tiie SlisceUaneous References. of speci- mens in 'Ibis' [years Xorwich and pages). Museum. SCELOSPIZIAS. Subspecies b. castanilius (Bon.), 1875 ,363 Sclater and Salvin, Exotic o pp. 80, 101, pi. 3 \ 364 Orn. p. 35, pi. IS*. Species 8. tonssenelii (Ten:), 51 364 Sharpe et Bouvier, Bull. S. o p. 101, pi. 6. fig. 1. Z. de la France, vol. ii. p. 470. Genus 10. ERYTHROSPIZIAS. 11 364 Species 1. trinotatus^ (Bon.) . . 11 364 Schlegel, Talk Yogels, pp. 6 p. 101. 27, 65, pi. 19. figs. 1, 2, &3\ Genus IL TACHYSPIZIAS\ 11 365 Species 1. soloensis (Lath.) . . 11 365 David et Oustalet, Ois. de 17 p. 114, pi. 4. fig. 1. 366 la Chine, p. 25. Salvadori, Om. della Papu- asia e delle Molucche, pt. 1, p. 65. Bingham, Stray Feathers, Subspecies vol. ix. p. 143. a. cviCuloiAes? (Te7nm.) 11 365 David et Oustalet, Ois. de 2 p. 115, pi. 4. fig. 2. 366 la Chine, p. 24. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e deUe Molucche, pt. 1, p. 66. 1 This plate is inscribed "Asfur inacroscelides" and so referred to by Mr. Sliarpe at p. 100. ^ Here figured and described as "Aceipiter casfaniliiis," as to which see my Notes aboTe referred to. ^ This species is referred by Mr. Sharpe to the genus Astur, and by Prof. Schlegel to Nisus. * Mr. Sharpe and also MM. David and Oustalet and Captain Bingham merge this genus in that of Astur. LIST OF DITTRNAL BIRDS OP PREY. 33 References Number Nomenclature, wi^h references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the Miscellaneous Eeferences. mens in 'Ibis' (years Norwich and pages). Museum. Gemis 12. 1 LEUCOSPIZIAS\ 1875, 365 Species 1. novae-hoUandiae . . „ 365 Gould, Birds of Australia, 3 {Gmd.\ p. 118. vol. i. pi. 15". 2. leucosomus( 7. 1882,179 Ramsay, Proc. Linn, Soc. 180 jST. S. Wales, vol. vi. pp. 15, 718, 727. Ramsay, Ibis, 1882, p. 345. 3. meyerianus* 1881, 261 Sharpe, Journ. of Linn. Soc. o {ShcujH). (ZooL) vol. xiii. p. 458, pi. 22. Sharpe on Collections of Dr. Meyer, p. 354. Middle toe s. u. inches. inch. 2-45 1-60 2-35 1-60 2-55 1-60 2-50 1-60 2-50 1-70 Norwich Museum, thi'ougb the good offices of Mr. E. P. Ramsay ; they have none of them been sexed by the collector, but are all larger than the two immature males from the neighbouring island of San Christoval, of which I have given the dimensions in the ' Ibis' for 1881, p. 261, and for 1882, p. ISO. The five Ugi specimens measui-e as under : — Wing. inches. Immature, with some down still attached ... 8'75 Ditto, with no down remaining 9'40 White-breasted adult lOO Ditto, ditto 10-0 Melanistic adult O'SO The last-named specimen is an example of the black hawk for whicli Mr. Ramsay, in the first instance, proposed the specific name '^ versicolor,^' but which he subse- quently considered not to be separable from U. albigularis. I concur in the latter view, and think it probable that it is a melanistic phase, possibly hereditary, of the white-breasted bird; such melanisms, as is well known, occur in other raptorial birds, of which I may mention two very similar instances on the African continent, Accipifer onelmioleucus and Butco cmgur. The specimen now referred to is a slaty black on the exposed portions of the feathers, but the basal moieties of the primaries are white on the inner webs, cross-barred and freckled with dark slate-colour, and the under surface of the tail is indistinctly crossed with dark brown bars on a ground of somewhat lighter brown ; in both these particulars it resembles the white-breasted adults, except that in these the barring on the under surface of the rectrices is less indistinct. The two immature specimens are evidently younger than that figured in the 'Ibis' for 1881 ; they resemble it on tiie upper surface, but differ in having a blackish-brown shaft-mark on each feather of the throat, and in the ground-colour being of a much darker and richer rufous on all the underparts, including the wing-linings, and in all these parts being broadly and regularly cross-barred with blackish brown. LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 35 Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. 4. pulchellus* (Rams.). References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous References. 5. etorqvies^ f Salv. 6. dainpieri% Grurn. 7. misoriensis% Salv. 1882,453 454 126' 453 454 Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e clc4l0 Molucche, pt.l,p.44\ Ramsay, Proc. Linn. See. of N. S. Wales, vol. iv. p. 66', vol.vii. p. 17. Ramsay, Jouru. of Linn. Soc. (Zool.) vol. xvi. p 131. Ramsay, Ibis, 1882, p 473. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e delle Molucche, pt. 3, p. 508. Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ Gen. vol. vii. p. 901. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e delle Molucche, pt. 1, p. 49, and pt. 3, p. 508. Sharpe on Collections of Dr. Meyer, p. 353, pi. 29. Sclater,P.Z.S.1877,p.l09^; 1879, p. 447^ Layard, Ibis, 1880, p.294^ Pinsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 535. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e delle Molucche, pt. 3, p. 509. Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vol. vii. p. 904. Salvadori, Orn. deUa Papu- asia e della Molucche, pt. 1, p. 49. Sharpe on CoUeetions of Dr. Meyer, p. 353. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. ^ There included amongst the synonyms of U. albigularis. ' There described uader the name "Astur soloensis." ^ See Appendix C. * The specific name " eiorques" is here used. 36 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. References to J. H. a.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. UROSPIZIAS. Species 8. pallidiceps*, Salv. .. p. 128 \ Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e delle Molucche, pt. 1, p. 64. Salvadori, Ibis, 1879, p. 473. Salvadori, Prodromus, Ad- ditamenta, p. 2. o 9. hiogaster (Mull. ^• Schhg.), p. 104. 1875, 365 ScKlegel, Yalk Vogels, pp. 27, 65, pi. 18-. Salvadori, Voyage of ' Chal- lenger,' Birds, p. 61. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e deUe Molucche, pt. 1, p. 47. 6 10. henicogrammus ^ (Gray), pp. 102, 124. )? 365 Sclilegel, Yalk Yogels, pi. 14. figs. 1, 3, & 4^ Sharpe on Collections of Dr. Meyer, pp. 353, 355. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e deUe Molucche, pt. 1, p. 54. 4 11, griseigularis^ . . . (Grai/), pp. 122, 124. )) 365 468 Schlegel, Yalk Yogels, pi. 16. fig. 1^ Sharpe on CoUections of Dr. Meyer, p. 352. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e delle Molucche, pt. 1, p. 57. 8 12. sharpii* (Oust.y . . Oustalet, Bu\l. de la Soc. O Philom. de Paris, 0th series, vol. ii. p. 25^. Salvadori, Ibis, 1881 , p. 607. ' There described as "Adur wallacii, young female (Bouru)." ^ There referred to the genus Xisus. ^ "Asfur mueUeri" of AYallace is a sjnonym of JJrospizias henicogrammus; in my Notes I erroneously referred to them as distinct species. * "Accipifer equatorialis" of Wallace is a synonym of Urospizias griseogularis. Schlegel figures this species and the next under the name of "Nisus cruenfus." * Nee Eamsay. ' Here referred to the genus Asfur. LIST OF DIUKNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 37 Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. 13. rufitorques (Pm/c) 1875, 365 p. 121. 1876, 384 14. melanochlamys Salv. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous Eefereuces. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. Cassin, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Oruith., ed. 1858, p. 90, pi. 2\ Pinsch, Yoyage of the ' Chal- lenger,' Birds, p, 40 \ Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vol. vii. p. 905, vol. xii. p. 38. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia 6 deUe Molucche, pt. 1, p. 63. 15. wallacii (SJim-p^) p. 128, pi. 5. 16. sylvestris ( Wall) . p. 104. 17. torqyia,tvis\Te7nm.) p. 125. 1875, 365 „ 365 1881, 265 (footnote) 266 267 1875, 365 1881, 263 to 266 Schlegel, Yalk Yogels, pi 17. fig. 5 (immature)^. Salvadori, Ibis, 1881, p. 607. Schlegel, Yalk Yogels, pp. 25, 63, pi. 17. figs. 1, 2, 3, &4. Ramsay, Proc. of Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, vol. iii. pp. 173, 248. Salvadori, Ibis, 1879, p. 319'; 1881, p. 606 \ Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e dalle Molucche, pt. 1, p. 60. ^ Referred by Cassin to the genus Accipiter, and by Finsch to A&tur. 2 This is an immature specimen brought from Lombok by Mr. Wallace, and marked by him as a female; it measures, wing 10"20 inches, tarsus 2'50, middle toe s. u. 1-60, and closely resembles in plumage the young male from Lombok described in Mr. Sharpe's Cat. p. 128, footnote. " I'SS " there given as the length of the tarsus in that specimen is probably a misprint for " 2'35." ^ Here figured as " Nisus forquaius." * "Astur skarpii" of Ramsay {nee Oustalet) is probably not specifically distinct from JJrospizias torquatus ; but a further comparison of specimens is desirable. 5 Count Salvadori here refers to a specimen brought by Peron from Western Aus- 38 LIST OP DHTRNAL BIEBS OF PREY. References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'a of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous References. mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. UROSPIZIAS. Species 18. approximans . . . . 1875, 365 Gould, Birds of Australia, 23 ( Vig. et Horsf.), pp. 468 vol. i. pi. 17 \ 126 & 12T. 1881, 261 E. L. and E. L. C. Layard, to 263 Ibis, 1882, p. 4991 Genus 14. ACCIPITER. Species 1. cirrhocephalus 1875, 468 Gould, Birds of Australia. lO^ (Fz>(7?.), p. 141. 475 vol. i. pi. 19 ^ Sharpe on Collections of Dr. Mej-er, p. 354. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia 8 delle Molucche, pt, 1, p. 67. 2. erythrauchen, Gray „ 468 Schlegel, Talk Yogels, pi. 2 p. 145. 475 13. figs. 1, 3, & 4^ Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e deUe Molucche, pt. 1, p. 68. 3. rubricollis. Wall. . . 475 WaUace,P.Z.S.1863,p.21, 2 p. 144. 1882,128 pi. 4. Salvadori, Orn. deUa Papu- asia e delle Molucche, pt. l,p. 69,andpt.3,p.509. tralia and preserved in the Paris Museum ; I know of no other authentic record of the occurrence of this species in Australia, unless it was a bu'd of this species on which Mr. Gould founded his " Astur cruenhis." ' Mr. Gould refers this species to the genus Astur. I now consider his " Astur cruenttis'" to be a synonym of Urospizias approximans, or possiblj', though less pro- bably, of U. torqitatus. 2 Messrs. Layard, in this article, express their opinion that the race of U. approximans inhabiting the Loyalty Islands is subspecifically distinct; additional specimens are desirable before this point can be satisfactorily decided. ^ There figured as '^ Accipifer torquatus." * One of these specimens is from South-eastern New Guinea. * Professor Sclilegel, here and elsewhere, uses the generic term "Nisus" in preference to that of " Accipiter." LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET. 39 Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous Eeferences. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. 4. rhodogaster . . . (Schleg.), p. 145. Subspecies a. sulaensis * (Schleg.) p. 146. Species 5. virgatus^ {Temm.). p. 150. 1863, 450 1875, 471 484 1882,452 453 Ramsay, Proc. Linn. See, N. S. Wales, vol. iv. pp 465, 492\ Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp 21,60, pi. 12. figs. 5 «& 6. Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. viii. p. 109, pi. 11 (immature) ". 1875, 484 Schlegel, Valk Yogels, pp 26, 64, pi. 16. figs. 3 & 4. Subspecies affinis% Hodgi>. p. 151\ 468 471 480 to 482 481 482" Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 109 ^ Sharpe, Stray Feathers, vol. viii. p. 440. J. H. G. Stray Feathers, vol. viii. p. 444. Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. ix. p. 231. Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 26. Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 365. Gates, Birds of British Bur- mah, vol. ii. p. 182 \ Catalogue of Nepalese Birds collected by B. H. Hodg son, Zool. Miscellany, June 1844, p. 81. Sharpe, Stray Feathers, vol. viii. p. 440 '^. J. H. G.. Stray Feathers, vol. viii. p. 443 ^ Hume, Stray Feathers vol. ix. p. 231^ 1 The species for which Mr. Ramsay has here proposed the name of "Asfur bra- cht/urtis" appears to me, from his description, to be identical with Accipiter rubricollis. Conf. Salvadori's article in part 3 of his 'Orn. Papuasia' above referred to, and entitled " Sp. *)73. Accipiier(?) brachyurus (Ramsay)." ^ This species is referred to by Lord Tweeddale as " Tera^iza rhodogasfra.'^ ^ See Appendix O. * Here figured as "Falco virgatus." ^ As to a specimen here mentioned, which I erroneously referred to Accipiter rhodo- gaster, see ray correction of that error in the ' Ibis,' 1876, p. 278. . ® As to this subspecies, see Appendix O. 7 Included by Mr. Sharpe amongst the synonyms of Accipifer virgatus. * Some of the specimens which I here referred to Accipifer virgatus and to Accipiter gularis I now identify with Accipiter affinis, as to which see Appendix O. ' Here referred to Accipiter gularis. 40 LIST OF DItlRNAL BIRDS OF PREY. Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. toI. i. ACCIPITER. Subspecies b. manillensis . . . (Meyen), p. 151 \ Species 6. nisoides, Bhjth . p. isr. 7. hartlaubi ( Verr.) p. 150, pi. 6. fig. 2. 8. minullus (Daud.) p. 140. References to J. H. G."s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). 1863,447 pi.n^ 1875, 48 P 482 to 484*= 1880,217*^ Miscellaneous Eeferences. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. Subspecies a. erythropus (Hartl. p. 141. 1875, 471 to 473 1868, 144 1875, 471 to 473 471 472 Meyen, Beitr. p. 694, pi. 9^ Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 938, pi. 57^ Blytb, Journ. As. See. of Bengal, vol. xvi. p. 727. Blytb, Ibis, 1865, p. 28; 1866, p. 240 (footnote) : 1870, p. 158. Temminck & Schlegel,Faun. Japon., Aves, p. 5, pi. 2". Swinhoe, Ibis, 1874, p. 430". Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 938«. Sbarpe, Stray Feathers, vol. viii. p. 442^ Dubois, Eevue et Mag. de Zoologie, 1874,p.l,pl.4.i Levaillant, Ois. d'Afrique, p. 140, pi. 343. Andersson, Birds of Damara Land, p. 31. Sbarpe's Layard, p. 23. Du Bocage, Orn. d' Angola, p. 20. SheUcy,P.Z.S.1882,p.305. Schlegel, Notes from the, Leyden Museum, vol. iii. p. 57. 20 17 1 Included by Mr. Sharpe amongst the synonyms of Accipiter virgatus, as to which and as to this subspecies generally, see Appendix O. ^ Here referred to the genus Nisus. 2 Here figured under the name of "Accipifer stevensoni." * Here described and figured under the name of "Accipiter stevensoni" the type of ■which is preserved in the Norwich Museum. ^ Here referred to "Accipifer gularis." ^ Here referred to "Accipifer stevensoni." '' Here described and figured under the name of "Asfur {Nisus) gularis." ^ One of these specimens is the type. ^ Levaillant here figures this Hawk, in the immature plumage, under the name of ' 'Le Minule." LIST OF DIURNAL BIEBS OP PREY. 41 Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Eeferences to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years aud pages). Species 9. subniger ( VieUl.y . p. 139. 10. collaris (Kaup) p. 144. 11. nisus (Linn.), p. 132 1875, 471 472 470 471 479 Miscellaneous References. Gray's Genera, vol. i. p. 29 pi. 10. Ridgway, Studies of Ame- rican Falconidte, p. 125\ Sclater, Ibis, 1860, p. 147, pi. 6. Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 321. Ridgway, Studies of Ame- rican Falconidse, p. 127. Newton's YarreU, vol. i. p. 88. Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar, p. 36. J. H. Gurney,jun., Rambles of a Naturalist, p. 138. Scully, Stray Feathers, vol iv. p. 122. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. V. p. 599, pis. 355, 356, 357, 358. Prjevalsky, Rowley's Orn, Misc. vol. ii. p. 153. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 25. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 27. Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 41. Seebohm's British Birds, vol. i. p. 135. Gates, Birds of British Bui'- mah, vol. ii. p. 181. Number of speci- mens in Norwifh Museum. 56 Skel. 3 '■ Mr. Eidgway applies to this Hawk the specific name " siqjercil/ostia," but at the same time explains, very clearly, that neither the description given by Linnaeus of his " Falco superciliosv.s" nor that by Latham of his ^' Falco tinus'' (the name used by Mr. Sharpe) agrees accurately with the present species, and that it is therefore safest to have recourse to Vieillot's specific name " suhniger" which I have here adopted. Mr. Ridgway refers this and the succeeding species to the "subgenus Hieraspizias;" but all others which I have included in Accipiter and Cooperastur he comprises under the generic term " Nisus." 42 IJST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. References Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous Eeferences. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. ACCIPITER. Subspecies a. melanoschistus 1875, 479 Hume, Ibis, 1869, p. 356. 2 Hume, p. 132, footnote Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 26. Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 41 ; Species 1882, p. 269. 12, madagascarien- „ 468 Milne-Edwards et Graudi- 1 sis, Tcr/-,, p. 143. (footnote) dier, Ois. de Madagascar, 484 vol. i. p. 106, vol. ii. pis. 35 & 36. 13. ovampensis^ G^i]nlog aster, with which the description given agrees very well, except that the length of the wing is quoted as 14 inches, whereas the usual wing-measurement in the male of K s2nlogaiitcr is about 16 inches ; but, on the other hand, Mr. Layard, in the first edition of the 'Birds of South Africa,' p. 14, men- tions a male in which the wing only measured 13 inches. I cannot agree with Sharpe's view {vide Cat. p. 260, footnote) that Limnaitiis africcmus is founded on Aquila wahlhergi. In the 'Ibis' for 1864, Nisaetus spilogot'trr was referred by Dr. Sclater and myself to the genus Spizaetus ; in editing the ' Birds of Damara Land,' I referred it to Pseudaefus. LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 53 References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous Eeferences. mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. 5. morphnoides .... 1877, 419 Gould, Birds of Australia, 3 {Gould), p. 254. 420 vol. i. pi. 2 \ 1882,454 Eamsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 455 578. Sharpe, Jouru. of Linn. Soc. Zool. vol. xvi. p. 424. Salvadori, Orn. della Pa- puasia e delle Molucche, pt. 3, p. 504. Genus 8. AaUILA. Species 1. chrysaetus {Linn.) . 1866, 421 Audubon, Birds of Ame- 12^ p. 235. 422 rica, pi. 181^ Skel.l 1877, 210 Newton's Yarrell, vol. i. to 215 p. 11. Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way. Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. p. 314\ Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar, p. 39. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. V. p. 533, pi. 345. ScuUy, Stray Feathers, vol. iv. p. 123. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 7. Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 41. Seebohm, British Birds, p. 96. '■ Mr. Gould referred this species to the genus Aqnila. ^ Audubon uses for this species the name of "Falco chrysa'etos" and Messrs. Baird, Brewer, and Bidgway that of ^'Aquila chrysaefus, var. canadensis." 3 One of these specimens is that killed at Skerme, near Driffield, in December 1861, and recorded in the 'Zoologist' for 1862, p. 7880; it was presented to the Norwich Museum by Mr. Francis Hoare. It is remarkable that this species should be so rare as it is in England, notwithstanding its not unfrequent occurrence in Scotland. 54 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. References Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (ye«HcZ.) p. 179. References to J. E. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and pages). 1862, 361 to 363 1876, 366 367 Miscellaneous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japon. pis. 6 & 6 b. Jerdon, 111. Ind. Orn. pi. 27-^. Scully, Straj' Feathers, vol. iv. p. 125, and vol. viii. p. 225. Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. iv. p. 358, and vol. v. p. 347. H. G. Stray Feathers, vol. V. p. 65. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 19. Legge, Eirds of Ceylon, p 31. ScuUy, Ibis, 1881, p. 421. Levaillant, Jeune, Expl. de I'Algerie, Oiseaux, pi. 3^ Irby, Orn. of Gibraltar, p. 37. J. H. Gurney, jun.. Rambles of a Naturalist, p. 142. Hume, Stray Feathers, vol X. p. 159. J. H. G. Stray Feathers, vol. V. p. 65, and vol. x p. 327. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. v, p. 457, pi. 332. Sharpe's Layard, p. 30. Ayres, Ibis, 1880, p. 257. Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola p. 25. ^ See Appendix E with reference to "JB.plumipes," and to " B. japonicus"' of Tem- minck and Schlegel as synonymous therewith. ^ There figured under the name " Buteo rufiventer." ^ See Appendix E. * There figured under the name "Falco ciHcnsis." 64 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRKT. References 1 Number] Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous References. mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. BUTEO. Species 1 6. vulgaris', Leacli .... 1876, 364 N'ewton's Tarrell, vol. i.I 16 | p. 186. 365 p. 109. Irby, Oru. of Gibraltar, p. 37. J. H, Gurney, jun,, Rambles Skel.2 of a Naturalist, pp. 76^, 142. Dresser, Birds of Europe,' vol. V. p. 449, pi. 331. Seebohm, British Birds, vol. i. p. 117. 7. brachypterus, Pelz., 1869, 449 Roch and Xewton, Ibis, 6 p. 183. 1876, 365 1862, p. 266, pi. 8. ililiie-Edwards et Grandi- dier, Ois. de Madagascar, vol. i. p. 84, vol. ii. pis. 22, 23, 26 a. 8. solitarius, Peale „ 230 Sclater, P. Z. S.1878, p.348^ O p. 452 (footnote) ^. 231 J. H. G. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 348. Sclater, Report on Voyage, of H.M.S. ' Challenger," Zool. vol. ii. part 8, p. 96, pi. 21. J. H. G. Report on Voyage of H.M.S. ' Challenger,' Zool. vol. ii. part 8, p. 96. !). auguralis, Salv „ 467 Sharpe's Layard, p. 29. 1 p. 175^ (footnote). 468 Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 22. ^ See Appendix E. - A remarkable albino specimen here mentioned was presented by my son to the Norwich Museum. ^ There referred to as Polioaetus solitarius. ■" See Appendix F. 5 The British Museum possesses a specimen of Butco auguralis from the Gaboon, which was inadyertently inserted in Mr. Sharpe's Catalogue as " Buteo desertorum . d." LIST OF DIURXAL BIRDS OF TRET. 65 Eeference.s Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Oat. vol. i. Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous References. mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. 10. augur, Riipp 1876, 467 Euppell, Neue Wirb. Vogel, 8 pp. 175, 458. to 469 p. 38, pis. 16 & 17\ Sharpe's Layard, p. 28. Du Bocage, Orn. d' Angola, p. 24. Du Eocage,21st Portuguese West African List, p. 2. 11. jakal {Baud.) .... „ 467 Levaillant, Ois. d'Afrique, 17 p. 173. to 469^ p. 73, pi. 16=*. Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 240 ; 1860, p. 204 ; 1877, p. 340. Sharpe's Layard, p. 26. Skel.l 12. borealis (Gmel.) . . „ 236 Audubon, Birds of America, 6^ p. 188. to 239 pL 51. Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way, Land Birds of jS^. America, vol. iii. pp. 257, 282. Subspecies a. calurus, Cass.^ .... „ 236 Baird, Cassin, and Law- 25 p. 189. to 239 rence, Birds of N. Ame- Skel.l 241 rica, p. 22, pi. 14. Baird, Brewer, and Eidg- way, Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. pp. 258, 286. ' The birds figured by Eiippell on his pi. 17 under the name of 'Buteo hydrophilus" appear to be immature specimens of B. augur. ^ In my Notes, above referred to, I adopted for this and the two preceding species Sundevali's subgeneric appellation of FteroUdes; but I have not done so in this list, as, after many attempts, I have found myself unable to arrange to my own satis- faction a subgeneric division of the species which I have here placed together in the genus Bideo: at the same time I am very sensible that this aggregation of species com- prises several more or less distinct natural groups, which might be appropriately repre- sented by subgeneric divisions ; as to two of these, see my note in the ' Ibis ' for 1876, p. 76. ^ Levaillant calls this Buzzard "Le Rounoir." ■* One of these specimens is a nearly complete albino, jDresented by Mr. Edward Newton, who obtained it in Jamaica. 5 In my notes on this species I have given my authority for using the specific name of calurus rather than that of nwufanus adopted by Mr. Sharpe. 66 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET. Eeferences Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cut. vol. i. Notes in the Miscellaneous Eeferences. mens in 'Ibis' (years Norwich and pages). Museum. BUTEO. Subspecies b. krideri*, Hoopcs . . 1876, 239 Baird, Brewer, and Bidg- o p. 458. way, Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. pp. 258, 284. <-. lucasanus*, jSi%. . . „ 239 Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- o p. 458. way. Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. jjp. 258, 285. Species 13. costaricensis .... „ 239 Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- 1 Eidfj., p. 458. 240 way, Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. pp. 258, 285 (footnote). 14. socorroensis* fiidgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. o Ridg. Mus. vol. iii. p. 220 \ 15. harlani (Aud.). . . 1876, 240 Audubon, Birds of America, 1 p. 191. 241 1 pi. 86^ Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 314. Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way, Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. pp. 258, 292. 16. cooperi*, Cass. . . „ 241 Baird, Cassin, and Law- o p. 172 (footnote). 242 rence, Birds of N. Ame- rica, p. 31, pi. 16. Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way. Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. pp. 258, 295. ' There described under the title of '^Buteo borealis (socorroensis)," as " a species or race " peculiar to the island of Socorro ; Mr. Ridgway also mentions as probably distinct the Buzzard inhabiting the island of Tres Marias. ^ Audubon refers both this sjiccies and B. borealis io the genus Falco. LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 67 Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and pages). 17. lineatus (Gmel.) p. 191. Subspecies a. elegans, Cass. p. 192-. Species 18. abbreviatus, Cass. p. 163^ 1876, 232 233 232 233 Miscellaneous References. 19. pennsylvanicus ( Wils.), p. 193. 67 68 231 232 233 234 Audubon, Birds of America, pis. 56 & 71 K Baird, Brewer, and Eidg- way, Land Birds of JN". America, vol. iii. pp. 257, 275. Baird, Cassin, and Law- rence, Birds of N. Ame- rica, p. 2S, pi. 2 (adult), pi. 3 (immature). Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way, Land Birds of N America, vol. iii. pp. 257, 277. Sclater, Trans. Zool. Soc vol. iv. p. 263, pi. 59. Baird, Brewer, and Eidg- way, Land Birds of N" America, vol. iii. pp. 257, 272 \ Brewster, Bull. NuttaU Orn. Club, vol. iv. p. 80. Sclater, P.Z.S. 1883, p. 348. Audubon, Birds of America, pL91*. Cassin, Birds of California &c. p. 100. Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S 1869, p. 129. Number of sjDeci- mens in Norwich .Museum. 3 Skel.l 2 33 ^ Audubon figured this species under the name of " Falco ki/onalis." 2 Mr. Sharpe d(jes not separate Buteo elegans from B. lineatus ; as mentioned in my notes, I consider them to be distinct. •* One of these is the type of Buteo zonocercus, under which name this specimen has been figured in tJie ' Transactions of the Zoological Society,' vol. iv. pi. 59, and also in Mr. Elliot's work on ' New Birds of North America,' vol. ii. pi. 33. The same specific name is used by the authors of the ' Land Birds of N. America.' This species is referred by Mr. Sharpe to Kaup's genus Tachytriorchis. * Mr. Sharpe applies to tliis very Asturine Buzzard the specific name " latissimus," as to which see my notes above referred to and the editorial footnote appended thereto ; also the late Mr. Cassin's note cited above. Audubon refers this Buzzard, as he does others also, to the genus Falco. 68 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY, Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. BUTEO. 19. pennsylvanicus (^coiitinued). Eeferences to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and pages). 20. swainsoni, Bon. p. 184' . 1876, 234 to 230 Sliscellaueous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich' Museum. Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way, Land Birds of N America, vol. iii. pp. 256, 259. Ridgway, on the Subgenus Graxirex, p. 116. Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 43. Swainson and Richardson, Faun. Bor.-Am. pt, 2, p. 47, pL 27 ( 2 adult);. Cassin, Birds of California &c. p. 198, pi. 31 (upper figure immature, lower melanistic)^ , and p. 25 pi. 41 (immature)''. Baird, Cassin, and Law- rence, Birds of N. Ame- rica, p. 19, pi. 12 ( S adult), pi. 13 ( 2 adult), and pi. 15. fig. 2^ Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way, Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. pp. 256 263. 1 There called Buteo obsoletus. 2 There called Buteo vulgaris. ^ There called Buteo insignatus, * There called Buteo hairdii. ^ The specimen here figured is the type of Buteo oxyptenis, Cassin ; Mr. Eidgway, in replv to an inquiry which I made respecting it, writes as follows : — " It has been more than ten years since I saw the specimen in question ; but my recollection of it is that it agreed very exactly with a specimen from Costa Eica and another from Buenos Ayres, both in the National IMuseiun collection, and both of which are unquestionably young of typical B. swainsoni. I will not be positive as to the number of primaries emargi- nated, but I am almost sure there were only three. The specimen is of rather small dimensions, but I think not smaller than some young males of B. su/l-es .... 76 Hume, Kests and Eggs of 2 p. 325! 78 Indian Birds, p. 52, to 83 Brooks, Ibis, 1879, p. 2821 1 I take this opportunity of correcting a slight inaccuracy as to the occurrence of the Kite in Norfolk, which, by some inadvertence, has found its way into the article above referred to. Mr. Seebohm there says, "Mr. Gurney writes that he sometimes sees this bii'd in Norfolk passing southwards in the autumn in company with Buzzards": this paragraph appears to be founded on a notice by my son, Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., in the ' Zoologist ' for 1877, p. 260, in which he records having once witnessed such an occurrence on the 2nd of M;iy in that year ; but I know no other instance of a Kite having been seen in Norfolk in company with Buzzards, and but very few, compara- tively, during the last half-century, of its occurring in the county at all. ^ There is a misprint in a footnote to p. 79 of the ' Ibis,' 1879; for " 1875. p. 22" read " 1875, p. 229." Since my Notes on Milvus melanotis were pubhshed, the Norwich Museum has acquired a specimen from Kultuk, near Lake Baikal. 3 Here referred to as Milvus major. " Mr. Brooks here repeats the reasons which he had previously given in 'Stray Feathers,' vol. iv. p. 272, for considering that '' Milvvs govinda " of Sykes was intended by him as a designation of the larger migratory Indian Kite for whicli I have used LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 81 References Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous References. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. Subspecies a. affinis ?, OoulcV .... 1879, 72 Gould, Birds of Australia, 19 p. 323. 73 vol. i. pi. 21. 76 Scblegel, Valk Vogels, pp. to 79 30, 67, pi. 20. fig. 1. Species 4. migrans ~ (Bodd.) . . „ 71 Newton's Yarrell, p. 97. 7 p. 322. to 76 Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. V. p. 651, pi. 362. Seebobm, British Birds, vol. i. p. 80^ 5. segyptius (Gmel.) . . „ 71 Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 239. 13 p. 320. to 74 Bree, Birds of Europe, 2nd edition, vol. i. p. 124, pi. J.H.Gurney,jun., Rambles of a Naturalist, p. 139^. Sharpe's Layard, p. 49. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. V. p. 657. Du Boeage, Orn. d' Angola. p. 43. Milne-Edwards et Grandi- dier, Ois. de Madagascar, vol. i. p. 66. Skel. 1 Subgenus A. LOPHOICTINIA. „ 83 Species 1. isura {Gould), p. 32G 1870, 536 Gould, Birds of Australia, 3 1879, 83 vol. i. pi. 22*. 84 Sharpe,P.Z.S.1875,p.338. the specific name of " melanotis " ; but the habits oi " M. govmda" as described by Sykes, are not those of this species, but of the smaller Indian Kites, which are non-migra- tory. ' M. affinis is hardly distinguishable, even as a subspecies, from M. govinda. ^ Mr. Sharpe adopts for this Kite the specific name of " korschun " ; I have explained in my Notes the grounds of my preference for that of " migrans^ Mr. Seebohm refers to this species as " Milvus ater." ' The specific name '^ parasiticus^' is liere used. ■• There referred to the genus Milvus. >I S2 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET. Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Genus 3. GYPOICTINIA. Species 1. melanosternon [Gould), p. 385. Genus 4. ELANOIDES. Species 1. furcatus (Linn.) p. 317. References to J.H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and pages). 1878, 459 459 460 1879, 330 330 Miscellaneous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. Gould, Birds of Australia, vol. i. pi. 20\ S}iarpe,P.Z.S.1875,p.339. Bennett, Proc. of Linnean Society of N. S. Wales, vol. vi. p. 146 ^ Pr. Maximilian, Beitrage, vol. iii. p. 141^ Audubon, Birds of America, pi. 72. D'Orbigny. Voyage Ois. p. 100. Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 325. Leotaud, Ois. de la Trini- dad, p. 30. Xewton's Tarrell, vol. i. p. 103. Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S 1873, p. 303. Bailed, Brewer, and Ridg- way, Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. p. 192' ' Mr. Gould, in his larger work here quoted, refers this species to the genus Buteo. ^ Mr. K. H. Bennett here gives an interesting account of the habits of this very scarce species, as observed by him in the vicinity of the Murrumbiclgee and Lachlan Rivers in New South Wales, the latter being the locality from whence the specimen at Norwich was obtained. This specimen is noted by the collector as a female, killed February 28, and as having "irides hazel, bill light horn-colour, black at tip, legs and feet whitish"; its principal measurements are — wing 18'90 inches, tarsus 260, middle toe s. u. 2'20, culmen, including the cere, 2'25, of which the cere occupies r20. The Norwich Museum also possesses a single wing from a bird of this species, the measure- ment of which is 20 inches. ^ Prince Maximilian describes this Kite under the name of ^'Falco yeta'pa\' the other authors here cited use for it either the generic name '^Falco" "Milvus,'" or " Nauclerus," but most have subsequently adopted that of "Elanoides." * The specific name "forficattis" is here used. LIST OF UlUKNAL BIRDS OF PKICY. 83 References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Oat. vol. i. Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous References. mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. Genus 5. NAUCLERUS. Species i. riocouri 1879, 330 Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 85'. Ridgway, Studies of Ame- 3 ( Vieill. et OucL), p. 318. rican Falconidie, p. 150 and footnote'^. Genus 6, GAMPSONYX. Species 1. swainsoni, Vig. . . „ 330 Gray's Genera, vol. i. p. 26, 4 p. 340. 331 pi. 9. llidgway, Studies of Ame- rican Falconidae, p. 150. Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 353. Genus 7. ELANUS. Species 1. cseruleus (Desf.) . . „ 331 Andersson, Birds of Damara 18 p. 336. to 333 Land, p. 2u. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 56. Sharpe's Layard, p. 52. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. V. p. 663, pi. 363. J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles of a Naturalist, p. 139. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 17. Du Bocage, Orn, d' Angola, p. 44. Davidson, Stray Feathers, Skel. 2 vol. X. p. 290. ^ Here described under the name of "Falco riocour." * Mr. Ridgway here introduces this African species for the sake of comparison with allied American forms. 84 XIST OF DIURNAL BIKD8 OF PREY. Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). ELANUS. Species 2. hypoleucus, Go«M .1879, 333 p. 338. Miscellaneous References. 3. axillaris {Lath.). . p. 338. Subspecies leucurus (Vieill.) p. 339. Species 4. scriptus, Goidd . p. 340. Genus 8. ICTINIA. Species mississipiensis {Wih.}, p. 365. 333 to 335 334 to 336 Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. 334 336 336 Audubon, Birds of Ame- rica, pi. 117'*. Baird, Brewer, and Eidg way, Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. p. 203. Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 12, ir pi. Tweeddale,CollectedWork8, p. 309. Sbarpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 314. Gould, Birds of Australia, vol. i. pi. 23. ^ Audubon, Birds of Ame- rica, pis. 351 & 352-. D'Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p 98^. Baird, Brewer, and Eidg- I way, Land Birds of N America, vol. iii. p. 198. Gould, Birds of Australia, 3' vol. i. pi. 24. 2 ' One of these is Mr. Gould's type of this species, as to which see my note above referred to. 2 Audubon figures this species under the name of "Falco dispar"; D'Orbigny refers to it as ■' Milvus leiicurus." 3 One of these specimens, an adult bird from the Lachlau River, New South Wales, has the following note attached to it by the collector : — "March 2nd, $: irides bright carmine, bill black, legs and feet white ; knocked down with a stick." < Here figured under the erroneous name of " Falco pli(7?ibeus." LI8T OF BirRNAL BIRDS OF PRET. 85 References Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous References. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. 2, phimbea {Gmel.) . . 1879, 336 Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 180 11 p. 364. (immature)'. Pr. Maximilian, Beitrage, vol. iii. p. 126\ D'Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p. 101. Genus 9. ROSTRHAMUS. „ 337 Species I. hamatus (III), p. 327' „ 338 Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 61 o to 340 (but not the accompany- ing text). 2. taeniurus*?. Cab... „ 340 Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn. o p. 328. 341 1854, p. 80. 3. sociabilis (Vieill.) .. 337 Spix, Av. Bras. p. 7, pi. 2. 8 p. 3281 to 339 341 1882,456 Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 413. Subspecies a. plumbeus?, Eidg.. . 1879, 338 Baird, Cassin, and Law- 3 p. 459. 341 rence, Birds of N. Ame- 1882,455 rica, p. 38, pi. 65^. 456 Genus 10. MACH^RAMPHUS. 1879, 465 Species 1. anderssoni ((ritra.). „ 465 J. H. G. P. Z. S. 1865, 1* p. 343. to 469 p. 618, and Tr. Z. S. vol. vi. p. 117, pi. 29. Andersson, Birds of Damara Land, p. 23, figs. 1, 2, & 3. ^ Here referred to the genus Falco. ^ There referred to B. sociabilis. 3 Mr. Sharpe applies to this species the specific name of " leucopygus." * This is the type specimen, originally described by me under the name of Stringonyx anderssoni, and subsequently, by an error of mine, figured under the designation of " Machmrcmiphus alcinus." 86 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PRET. References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. a.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. IS otes in the Miscellaneous References. mens in ' Ibis ' (years Norwich and pages). Museum. MACH^RAMPHUS. 1. anderssoni (con- Milne-Edwards et Grandi- tinued). dier, Ois. de Madagascar, vol. i. p. 79; vol. ii. pis. 24, 24 a, 25, 26, 26 a. Du Bocage, Orn. d' Angola, p. 534. 2. alcinus, West.,^.M2 1879, 466 Westermann, Bijd. tot d. 1 to 468 Dierk. p. 29, pi. 12. 1882,455 Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. iii. p. 269. Hume and Davison, Stray Feathers, vol. vi. p. 24. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia 6 delle Molucche, pt. 1, p. 25, and pt. 3, p. 506. Genus 11. PERNIS. Species 1. apivorus {Linn.) . . 1869, 450 Newton's YarreD, vol. i. p. 13 p. 344. 1880,195 121. Skel.l to 203' Sharpe's Layard, p. 53. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. vi. p. 3, pis. 364, 365, 366. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 18. Du Bocage, Orn. d' Angola, p. 534. Du Bocage, 23rd West Afri- can List, p. 21. Seebohm, British Birds, vol. i. p. 69. ^ See Appendix J. LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OP PREY. 87 References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous References. mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. 2. ptilorhynchus .... 1880,203 Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp. 24 (Temm.), p. 347. to 212 39, 73, pi. 25. figs. 1,2, 3, 214 and pi. 26. figs. 1, 2, 3. to 216 Hume, Rough Notes, p. 330 \ Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 55. Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 89. 3. tweeddalii, JIame . . „ 213 Tweeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. O 214 286 '^ 216^ Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. ix. pp. 122, 448. J. H. G. Stray Feathers, vol. ix. p. 446 \ 4. celebensis, Wald. . . „ 216 Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pi. 2 p. 349. 217 26. fig. 4^ Tweeddale,Collected Works, p. 208. Genus 12. HENICOPERNIS. 1879, 469 Species 1. longicauda(G'flfry3o^), „ 469 Garnot, Toy. de la ' Co- 3 p. 341. quille,' p. 588, pi. 10. D'Albertis, New Guinea. vol. ii. p. 296. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e delle Molucche, pt. 1, p. 22, and pt. 3, p. 505. ' There described as Pernis cristata ; the same specific name is used by Professor Schlegel. * Here referred to as Pernis ptilorhi/n^kus. . ' I understand from Mr. Hume that he intends to publish a figure of this fine species from a drawing recently executed by Mr. Keulemans. * Here figured under the name "Pernis cristattis." 88 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. References Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. (l.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous References. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. HENICOPERNIS. Species 2. infuscata, Giirn. . . 1879, 469 Selater, P. Z. S. 1879, p. o 470^ 450 >. 1882, 128 Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- to 131 asia e delle Molucche, pt. 3, p. 505. Genus 13. 1880,312 REGERHINUS^ 313 Species 1. uncinatus (Temm.), „ 313 Temminck, PL Col. pis. 103, 9 p. 330. to 319 104, 115\ 2. inegarhjrnchus, Des „ 318 Des Murs, Castelnau's Voy- 4 Murs, p. 332. to 321 age, Ois. p. 9, pi. 1. 3. wilsoni* (Cass.). . . . „ 321 Cassiii, Journ. Ac. Philadel- O p. 333. 322 phia, 1847, p. 21, pi. 7. Genus 14. „ 312 . LEPTODON. 313 Species 1. cayennensis „ 322 BufFon, PI. Enl. vol. i. pi. 6 {Gmel.\ p. 333. to 329 473 (adult )^ Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 204 (immature)^ and pi. 270 (immature)''. Lawrence and Sumichrast, Birds of S.W. Mexico, in Bull, of U. S. Mus. no. 4, p. 42 ^ ^ Here referred to as Henicopernis hngicauda in immature dress. ^ The several species comprised in the genus Begcrhinus are referred bv Mr. Sharpe to that of Leptodon. ^ Here figured as "Falco uncinafus." * Figured under the name " Petit Autour de Cayenne." •^ 'ErroTLeously na,med •" Falco pa/liatus.^' '^ Here called " Faico car/eiinensis." ' The generic name " Cymindis" is here used. LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF rREY. 89 Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Oat. vol. i. Genus 15. BAZA. Sj^ecies 1. madagascariensis. (Smith), p. 353. 2. cuculoides(/S;''rt?;is.), p. 354, pi. 11. fig. 2. 3. verreauxi {Lafr.) p. 354. 4. subcristata {Gould), p. 357. 5. reinwardti {Midi. 4 iSchliy.), p. 353". References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and pages). 1880,4r;2 4G3 1869, 450 1880,402 464 465 „ 462 to 404 „ 462 to 464 Miscellaneous References. 462 465 462 465 to 409 Milne-Edwards et Grandi dier, Ois. do Madagascar, vol, i. p. 68, vol. ii. pis. 19, 19a, 20, and 21. Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 534. Avres, Ibis, 1859, p. 240 ; "1864, p. 356. Sharpe's Lajard, p. 54. Shelley, P; Z. S. 1881, p 562. Gould, Eirds of Australia, vol. i. pi. 25'. Schlegel, Valk Yogels, pp. 40, 77, pi. 27. figs. 1, 2, and 3^. Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Sec of N. S. Wales, 1879, p. 246. J. H. G. in Sclater's paper on Birds from Duke-of- York Island &c., P. Z. S. 1879, p. 450. Salvador!, Ibis, 1879, p. 318. Salvador!, Orn, deUa Papu- asia e' delle Molucche, pt. 1, p, 26. Sharpe, Journ. Linn, Soc, Zool. vol, xvi, p. 424. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. 1 Here figured under the name '' Lcpidogatys subcristaius." ^ See Appendix K. •• These figures represent specimens from Amboiua. 90 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. Nomenclature, with references to Sbarpe's Oat. vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and Images). Miscellaneous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. BAZA. Subspecies a. ^ViXneyV, llamscuj . Species 6, rufa, Schhy., p. 360. 1880,462 '. suinatren5is(Z/«/r.), p. 357, pi. 11. fig. 1 (juv.). 8. erythrothorax . . . . tShariie, p. 357, pi. 10. fiff. 2. 9. magnirostris, Gray, p. 356, pi. 10. tig. 1 462 463 470 471 Ramsay, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. vol. xvi. p. 130. Tristram, Ibis, 1882, pp 133, 141. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e delle Molucche, pt. 3, p. 506. Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp 41, 78, pi. 27. fig. 4, and pi. 28. figs. 1, 2, 3. WaUace, Ibis, 1868, p. 18 Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e delle Molucche, pt. 1, p. 30. Wallace, Ibis, 1868, p. 18\ Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. iii. p. 313. Hume and Davison, Stray Eeathers, vol. vi. p. 25. J. H. G. Stray Feathers, vol. viii. p. 444. Gates, Birds of British Bur mah, vol. ii. p. 209. 462 469 470 462 470 Schlegel, Valk Vogels, 26. fig. 4^ Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, 625. pl ^ See Appendix K. ^ Mr. Wallace here suggests that the Baza from Western Borneo, in the Leyden Museum, to which I have referred in my Notes as figured by Prof. Schlegel in the Valk Voi^els, pl. 28. fig. 5, under the name of Baza magnirostris, may be an example of B. suniatrcnsis ; but it appears to be considerably smaller, as Schlegel gives its wing- measurement as "11 pouces 6 lignes" {vide 'Revue de la Musee des Pays-Bas,' Acci- pitres, p. 1.30). This Bornean bird has not, as I think, been satisfactorily identified. 3 A male from the Soola Islands here figured under the name "Baza 7napiirosiri$." LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 91 Eeferences Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe'a Oat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous References. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. 10. ceylonensis, Legc/e 1880,462 Legge, Stray Feathers, vol. 3 470 iv. p. 247. Legge, Birds of Ceylon, pp. 94 (pi.) & 1209. Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. vii. p. 151. J. H. G. Stray Feathers, vol. viii. p. 445. 11. lophotes (r<;wm.). . „ 471 Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 10\ 5 p. 352. 1882,235 Hume and Davison, Stray Feathers, vol. vi. p. 24. Bingham, Stray Feathers, vol. ix. p. 145. Legge, Birds of Ceylon, pp. 98, 1209. Gates, Birds of British Bur- mah, vol. ii. p. 208. Subfamily 13. FALCONING. Genus 1. 1881, 118 HARPAGUS. 119 Sijccies 1. diodon (Temm.) .... „ 119 Temminck, PL Col. pi. 198. 5 p. 361. 120 Pr. Maximilian, Beitrage, vol. iii. p. 138. 2. bidentatus (Lath.) . . „ 120 Temminck, PL Col. pis. 38 16 p. 362. to 123 & 228^ Pr. Maximilian, Beitrage, vol. iii. p. 132^ D'Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p. 122 \ Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, Orn. p. 107. 3. fasciatus, Lawr. . . „ 123 3 p. 363. 124 ' Temminck refers this species, in accordance with his usual custom, to the genus Falco. ^ D'Orbigny uses for this species the generic name Diodon ; Temminck and Prince Maximilian for this and the preceding ppecies that of Falco. 92 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. Eeferences Number Noinenolature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- tu Sharpens Cat. vol. i. Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous References. mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. Genus 2. MICROHIERAX. 1881, 271 Species 1 . fringillarius „ 271 Horsfield, Zool. Researches 14 {Drap.)^ p. 367. 273 in Java, pi. 35 '. 274 Bingham and Davison, Stray Feathers, vol. v. p. 80. Hume and Davison, Stray Feathers, vol. vi. p. 5. Nicholson and Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 140. Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 364. Gates, Birds of British Bur- mah, vol. ii. p. 212. 2. latifrons, Sharpe . . „ 271 Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 237, 3 274 pi. 7. 275 3. eutolmus" {Hodgs.) . „ 271 Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 8 p. 306. to 273 iii. p. 22. Bingham, Stray Feathers, vol. V. p. 80. Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. V. p. 127. Hume and Davison, Stra} Feathers, vol. vi. p. 3. Bingham, Stray Feathers vol. ix. p. 142. Hume, Stray Feathers, vol X. p. 178, footnote^. Gates, Birds of British Bur- mah, vol. ii. p. 211. * There figured as "Falco cesrulescens." ^ Mr. Sharpe applies to this species the name of " ccerulescetts,'' in which he has been followed by some other authorities ; I have explained in my Notes my reason for not using this specific name. 3 Mr. Hume here points out a probable error in the locality ascribed to one of the specimens mentioned in my Notes. LIST OF DITTRNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 93 References Number Nomenolature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cut. vol. i. Notes in the Miscellaneous Eeferences. mens in ' Ibis ' (years Norwich and pages). Museum. 4. erythrogenys(Fi<)r.) 1881, 271 Eydoux et Soulej-et, Voy. 4 p. 369. 273 de la Eonite, Atlas, Ois. 274' vol. i. p. 71, pl.l (adult)-. Eraser, Zool. Typ. pi. 31 (immature). Tweeddale, Collected Works, pp. 514, 530, 629. 5. melanoleucus .... „ 271 Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. O {Bli/ih), p. 368. 272 274 ii. p. 525. 6. sinensis, Sliarpe . . „ 271 Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 254. O 274 David et Oustalet, Ois, de la Chiue, p. 30, pi. 8. Genus 3. POLIOHIERAX. Species 1. semitorquatus .... „ 275 Smith, 111. of Zoology of 2 {Smith), p. 370. S. Africa, Aves, pi. 1 (adult male). Sclater, Ibis, 1861, p. 346, pi. 12 (immature male)^. Sclater, P. Z. S. 1864, 'p. 107. ' Since writing the Notes above referred to, I have, through the kindness of Captain Wardlaw Ramsay, had an opportunity of measuring some additional specimens of this species, with the following result : — Middle Wing. Tarsus. toe 6-. u. in. in. in. Luzon, J 4 0-80 0-80 c5' 415 0-75 0-75 9 4-60 0-95 0-80 5 4-20 0-90 080 2 4-55 0-85 0-80 Zamboanga, c^ 4-65 0-85 080 2 4-65 0-90 0-85 The supposed male from Zamboanga was sexed by the collector, Mr. Everett ; but in this instance I doubt the correctness of his diagnosis. 2 Here figured under the title of '' Falco gironnieri." ^ This plate is inscribed " Hypofriorchis castanonofus ;" Sir A. Smith's "Falco semi- torquatus." 94 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the Miscellaneous References. mens in ' Ibis ' (years Norwich and pages). Museum. POLIOHIERAX. 1. semitorquatus (con- Finsch and Hartlaub, Vo- tinued). gel Ost-Afrikas, p. 77. Anclersson, Birds of Damara Land, p. 19. Sharpe's Layard, p. 55. 2. insignis, Wald 1881, 275 Hume and Feilden, Stray 4 p. 370. 1882, 457 Feathers, vol. iii. p. 19. Tweeddale in Eowley's Orn. Misc. vol. iii. p. 169. pi. 103. Hume and Davison, Stray Feathers, vol. vi. p. 2. Gates, Birds of British Bur- mah, vol. ii. p. 213. Genus 4. SPIZIAPTERYX. Species 1. circnmcinctus .... 1881, 275 Sclater, Ibis, 1862, p. 23, O {Kau])), p. 371. 276' pi. 2. White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. p. 623. Genus 5. DISSODACTES^. „ 277 Species 1. ardesiacus ,, 277 Fritsch, Vog. Eur. pi. 3. 3 {Bonn, et Vieill.), p. 446. to 279 fig. 4. Sharpe's Layard, p. 67. * I may add to my remarks on this scarce sjiecies that the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman now contains four examples, all from the Argentine Republic, and all marked as females by the collectors. I have had the opportunity of measuring these specimens, with the following results : — Wing 6-50to7 Tarsus 1 70 to 180 Middle toe, s. M MO to 1-25 * The several species forming the genus Dissodectes are included by Mr. Sharpe in the group to which he applies the generic name of " Cerchneis," and in this he is followed by Signor Barboza du Bocage ; most other authors have placed them in the genus " Falco." LIST OF DIUHNAL BIRDS OF PRET. 95 Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and pages). Miscellaneous Eeferences. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. 2. dickinsoni, Sclat. . . p. 447. 1881, 277 to 279 3. zoniventris (Peters) . p. 447, pi. 14. fig. 2. Genus 6. HARPA. Species 1. novse-zealandise {Gmel.), p. 372. Subspecies u. brunnea" {Gould) p. 373. 1869, 446 1881, 277 to 279 Du Bocage, Om. d' Angola, p. 53. Bohm, Journ. fiirOrn. 1882, p. 205. Sclater, Ibis, 1864, p. 305, pi. 8. Sharpe's Layard, p. 68. Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 54. SheUey, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 302. Milne-Edwards et Grandi- dier, Ois. de Madagascar, vol. i. p. 35, and vol. ii. pi. 10. 1870, 534 535' 1881, 276 277 1870, 534 535 1881, 277 BuUer, Birds of N. Zealand. p. 1, pl.' Hutton, Ibis, 1879, p. 456. BuUer, Ibis, 1881, p. 453 Buller, Birds of N. Zealand, p.6\ 1 Here referred to the genus Hieracidea. ^ Mr. Sharpe applies to this Falcon the specific name "australis," proposed by MM. Hombron and Jacquinot in the 'Anuales des Sciences Naturelles,' 2nd series, vol. xvi. p. 312 ; but, according to the letterpress of the ' Voyage au Pole Sud,' Zool. vol. iii. p. 47, this name was given to the species inhabiting the Auckland Islands as well as New Zealand, which is H. notes zealandicB. I therefore agree with Dr. Buller in considering "Falco misiralis" a synonym of the larger species, and I would designate the smaller, if it be really distinct, by Mr. Gould's specific name "briinnea." Mr. Sharpe, in the 'Ibis,' 1873, p. 327, objected to the use of the latter name as "being already pre-occupied by Bechstein, who thus called the Common Kestrel of Europe ; " but I would submit that the fact of this specific name having been proposed for a species of the genus Tinnunculus docs not render its employment illegitimate when it is applied to a bird belonging to another and distinct genus — that of Harpa. 96 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and pages). Miscellaneous References. 1 Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. Genus 7. HIERACIDEA. 1881, 276 Species 1. orientalis (ScMeg.) . p. 422. Gould, Birds of Australia, vol. i. pi. 11. 3 2. berigora Gould, Birds of Australia, vol. i. pi. 12 \ 9 (Vig. etHorsf.), p. 421. Genus 8. TINNUNCULUS. 1881, 455^ Species 1. alaudarius (G^»ieZ.).. p. 425. „ 456 to 464 Gatcombe, Zoologist, 1867, p. 702. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. vi. p. 113, pi. 384. Newton's Yarrell, vol. i. p. 78 ^ J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles of a Naturalist, p. 137. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 21 ■*. Seebohm, British Birds, vol. i. p. 45. Gates, Birds of British Bur- mah, vol. ii. p. 217'*. 31 Skel. 2 • ^ This species stands in Mr. Gcmld's work as " leracidca occidcntaJis," and the pre- ceding one as " leracidea berigora," an error which has been pointed out and rectified by Mr. Sharpe in his article on the latter species. A Hieracidea in the Norwich Museum, obtained by Mr. Goldie in South-eastern New Guinea, is an undoubted example of H. berigora ; but Mr. Sharpe has also recorded the occurrence in New Guinea, at Port Moresby, of a specimen of H. orientalis {vide Journ. Linn. Soc, Zoology, vol. xiv. p. 627). ^ I have given in my Notes the reasons, stated by Dr. Sclater and concurred in by myself, for using the generic name of Tinnuncidus in preference to that of Cerchncis, adopted by Mr. Sharpe. The Kestrels are referred by some authors to the genus Falco. ^ Professor Newton mentions a fact which I overlooked in discussing the southern limit of this species, viz. that the Leyden Museum contains a specimen " pres a bord d'un vaisseau a la hauteur du Cap de Bonne Esperauce " {conf. Schlegel, Museum des Pays-Bas, Falcone.^, ]). 2(>). * Some of Mr. Hume's notes here referred to probably relate to the darker race, T. suturatiis ; and this remark also applies to those of Mr. Gates. LIST OL' DIURXAL BIKDS OF PKKY. References Number Nomenclature, with i-efereuces to J. H. G.'s ofspeci-i to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the Miscellaneous Kefereuces. mens in 'Ibis' (years Norwich and pages). Museum. Subspecies a. neglectus? (Sddeg.) 1881, 456 Schlegel, Revue Musee des 11 pp. 42(5, 428. 459 Pays-Eas (1873), Acci- 463^ pitres, p. 43^. b. saturatus ?, Bhjth . . 456 Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. of 12 p. 426. to 465' Bengal, vol. xxviii. p. 277. Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 238. 1 1 c. japonicus „ 456 Temmiiick aud Schlegel, 19 1 p. 426. 457 Pauua Japon., Aves, p, 2, t 460 pis. 1 & 1 6^ 1 to 462 464 465 Species 547 2. rupicolus {Baud.) . . „ 465 Ayres, Ibis, 1859, p. 240. 15 i p. 429. 466 Andersson, Birds of Damara Land, p. 18. Sharpe. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 581, pi. 68. figs. 1 & 2 (adult aud immature). Sharpe's Layard, p. 62. Du Bocage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 49 ^ Skel.l 3. moluccensis „ 469 Schlegel, Yalk Vogels, pp. 6, 13 Homhr. et Jacq., p. 430. 47, pi. 1. figs. 3, 4, & 5\ Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 583. ' In November 1876 a very small Kestrel was killed in West Cornwall, which I think may have been a wandering example of T. neglectus ; it was recorded by the late Mr. Rodd at p. 6178 of the ' Zoologist ' for that year, and I have no further information respecting it than that which he there supplied. ^ I have, in my Notes, applied to this species the name of " inter stinct us" ; but I now feel doubtful whether M'Clelland's " Falco interstinctus" was not founded on a female or young male of the ordinary T. alaudarius, and I have therefore hero availed mj'self of Blyth's specific name of ''saturates." which appears to have been founded on a female of the darker race. Mr. Sharpe's views as to the subspecific races of T. alau- darius will be found in his Catalogue, under the head of that species. ^ Signor Du Bocage follows Mr. Sharpe in using the generic term of " Cerckaeis" in preference to that of " Tin nun cuius." Professor Schlegel and Sir A. Smith have used that of "Falco." 98 LIST OF DITJRNAL BIRDS OF PRET. Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and pages). Miscellaneous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. TINNUNCULUS. Species. 4. rupicoloides . . . (Smith), p. 432. 5. arthuri^, Gum., n. 6. alopex {Heugl.) . . . p. 432, pi. 14. fig. 1. 7. cenchroides ( Viy. ^ Horsf.), p. 431. 8. punctatus {Temm.), p. 434. 9. newtoni) Gam p. 433. 10. gracilis (Less.) . . . p. 435. 11. sparverius (Linn. p. 437. 1868, 142 143 1881, 465 466 „ 124 457 462 „ 466 „ 469 470 1869, 447 1881, 468 1863, 34 to 36 pi. 2 1869, 446 447 1881, 466 to 468 „ 468 469 „ 547 to 554 1882, 290 291 Smith, lU. of Zool. of S, Africa, Aves, pi. 92 \ Ayres, Ibis, 1869, p. 288. Andersson, Birds of Damara Land, p. 19. Sharpe's Layard, p. 63. Von Henglin, Ibis, 1861, p. 69, pi. 3. Gould, Bii'ds of Australia, vol. i. pi. 13. Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 45. Milne-Edwards et Grandi- dier, Ois. de Madagascar, vol. i. p. 45, vol. ii. pis. 13, 13a, 14, and 14a. Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pi 25. Audubon, Birds of America, pi. 142. Grayson, Memoirs of Boston Kat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii. p. 301. ^ See note 3 on page 97. ^ As to this previously undescribed species, see Appendix L, where I have given details respecting it ; the specimen in the Norwii h Museum is the type, and at present unique. In my Notes in the ' Ibis' for 1681 I did not separate it from T. alavdarius. LIST OF DIURXAL BIRDS OF PREY. 99 Eeferences Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the Miscellaneous References. mens in r 'Ibis' (years Norwich and pages). Museum. Subspecies i a. cinnamomimus 1881, 547 Pr. Maximilian, Beitrage, 16 (Swains.), p, 439. 550 vol. iii. p. 116\ 551 D'Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p. 553 119\ to 556 b. caribbaearum .... » 547 Grisdale, Ibis, 1882, p. 491. 6 (G^meZ.), p. 442 (foot- 551 note)^. 556 to 561=' 1882,291 Species 12. isabellinus 1881, 547 Biiffon, PI. Enl. vol. i. pi. 12 (Swains.), p. 441. 548 561 to 563 444^ 13. dominicensis .... „ 547 Brisson, Orn. vol. i. p. 389, 4 (Gmel.y, pp. 439, 442. 556 563 564 pi. 32. fig. 2^ ' Here called "Falco sparvcrms." ' Mr. Sharpe here suggests the identity of this subspecies with T. leuoophrt/s of Ridgway; but, as explained in my Notes, I consider the latter to be a synonym of T. dominicensis, which Mr. Sharpe treats as distinct from T. leiicophrys. 3 In my Notes above referred to (' Ibis,' 1881) I erroneously ajjplied to T. caribhcBarum the subspecific name of " antillarum," but I corrected this mistake subsequently ('Ibis,' 1882, p. 291). In the former Notes I gave the measurements of some specimens of this Kestrel, and I am now able to add those of four more, which have been subsequently acquired by the Norwich Museum, and one of which (that from Porto Rico) was liberally presented to that institution by Mr. George N. Lawrence, of New York. Wing. Tarsus. ^^^/J^ toe Males. inches. inch. inch. St. Lucia 6-20 ISO 090 St.Thomas 670 1-30 10 Females. St. Lucia 6-60 ISO 1-0 Porto Rico 7-30 1-30 1-25 * This plate, entitled "Emerillon de Cayenne," was erroneously referred to, in my Notes, as no. 144 instead of 444. * Brisson calls this Kestrel "L'Emerillon de St. Domine;ue." 100 T.TST OF DTTTRXAL BIRDS OF PREY, References Number Nomenclature, with reference? to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous References. of .speci- mens in N^orwich and pages). Museum. TINNUNCULUS. Species 14. sparverioides . . . . 1881, 565 D'Orbigny in de la Sagra's 2 (r^.),p.443. to 567' T^at. Hist, of Cuba, Ois. p. 30, pi. 1. 15. cenchris- (Naum.). „ 470 Dresser, Birds of Europe. 19 p. 435. 472 vol. vi. p. 125, pi. 385. Andersson, Birds of Damara Land, p. 17. J. H. Gurney, jun.jBambles of a Naturalist, p. 138. Sharpe's Layard, p. 64. Du Bocage, Orn. d' Angola, p. 51. B. 0. U. List of British Subspecies Birds, p. 104. a. pekinensis ? „ 470 David et Oustalet, Ois. de 6 (Sivinh.f, p. 437. to 472 la Chine, p. 35. Inglis and Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. ix. p. 242 \ Suhfijeniis A. ERYTHROPUS^ 1882, 146 Species 1. vespertinus (Linn.). 146 Stevenson, Birds of Xorfolk, 15 p. 443. 147 vol. i. p. 19^ 151 Xe-svton'sYarreU.vol.i.p.69. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. vi. p. 93, pi. 382. ' I have referred, in my Notes, to Dr. Gimdlach's statement as to the interbreeding of T. dommicensis and T. sparverioides ; it is perhaps possible that the latter may in reality be merely a partially melanistic race of the former. ^ In ray Notes on this species I have referred to the reasons for ui;ing the specific name of " cerickiis" rather than that of "■ naumciiun' adopted by Mr. Sharpe ; as to points of difference between this species and T. pekinensis, see Appendix M. ' See Appendix M. * In this article Mr. Hume recognizes the identity of the bird for which he had previously proposed the specific name of " inglisi" with T. peki7iensis. " This subgenus is included by Mr. Sharpe in the group to which he applies the generic term of " Cerchneis ;"' Mr. Sharpe's example in this respect has been followed by Signor Du Bocage. Some other authors include Eryfhropus in the genus Falco. " Two of the Norfolk-killed specimens recorded by Mr. Stevenson are preserved in the Norwich Museum. This species is referred to by Mr. Stevenson under the name of '■ Fal<'o ri'fipes." LIST OF DI0RXAL BIRDS OF PREY. 101 References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe'3 Cat. vol. i. Notes in the [ Miscellaneous References. mens in ' Ibis ' (years Norwich and pages). Museum. Andersson, Birds of Damara Land, p. 15. Sharpe's Layard, p. 65. Du Bocage, Orn. d' Angola, p. 52. Seebohm, British Birds, vol. i. p. 42. 2. amurensis (Radde), 1868, 41 Ayres, Ibis, 1868, p. 41 ; 20 p. 445. to 43 1873, p. 280. pi. 2^ Swinboe, Ibis, 1 874, pp.425, 1869, 446 428. 1882,147 Sbarpe's Layard, p. 66. to 152 Prjevalsky in Rowley's Orn. 436 Misc. vol. ii. p. 151. 437 David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 34. Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 119. Inglis and Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. ix. p. 243. Butler, Stray Feathers, vol. ix. p. 371. Shelley and Avres, Ibis, Genus 9. 1882, p. 239." HYPOTRIOECHIS^ „ 152 Species 1. concolor (Temm.) . . 1869, 445 Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 3 p. 405. 1882, 157 Symbolae Physicae, Aves, 158 pi. 19 ^ 437 Milne-Edwards et Grandi- dier, Ois. de Madagascar, vol. i. p. 37, vol. ii. pis. 11, 12, and 12 a. 2, eleanorae (Gene) 1869, 445 Dresser, Birds of Europe, 5 p. 404. pi. 16 vol. vi. p. 103, pi. 383. 1882, 153 Dixon, Ibis, 1882, p. 558. to 157 ' The figures here given are from specimens in the Norwich Museum. ' The genus Hypofriorchis is amalgamated witJi that of Faho by Mr. Sharpe and by many other authors, including some to whose works I have here referred. ' Here figured (with the egg) under the name of ''Falco schisfacntg." 102 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. HYPOTRIORCHIS. Species 3. subbuteo (Linn.) p. 395. 1868, 142 1882, 152 4. cuvieri (Smith) p. 400. 5. severus (Horsf.) . p. 397. 6. religiosus?"(5o«..), p. 397. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years and pages). 1868,142 1882, 152 153 153 Miscellaneous References. Xewton'sTarreUjYol.i. p.G5 Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. vi. p. 69, pi. 379. Andersson, Birds of Damara Land, p. 14. Sharpe's Layard, p. 59. Prjevalsky in Rowley's Orn. Misc. vol. ii. p. 150. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 33. Du Boeage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 48. Seebohm, British Birds, vol. i. p. 31. Schlegel, IS'ederl. Tijds. vol. i. p. 123, pi. o\ Sharpe's Layard, p. 59. Du Boeage, Orn. d'Angola, p. 534^ Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 562 ; 1882, p. 304. Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pp. 4, 45, pi. 2. figs. 2 & 3. Badcliffe, Falconry, p. 15. Tweeddale, P. Z.'S. 1878, p. 937. Sclater, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 65. Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) vol. xvi. p. 424. Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e delle ITolucche, pt. 1, p. 33, and pt. 3, p. 507. Schlegel, Talk Vogels, pi. 2. fig." 6 3. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum * Professor Schlegel here figured this species under the name "Falco boschii." I may mention that I am mformed by Count Salvadori that he has received this Hobby from Schoa. T u 1- ^ One of these specimens was recently obtained from Jobie Island, and is, I believe, the first recorded from that locality ; it' was collected by Mr. A. A. Bruijn. 3 Although I saw the type specimen of H. reliffiosus at Leyden several years since. I LIST OF DITJRITAX BIKDa OF PKET. 103 References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the Miscellaneous References. mens in ' Ibis ' (years Norwich and pages). Museum. 7. lunulatus (Lath.) . . 1882, 131 Gould, Birds of Australia, lO p. 398. 153 vol. i, pi. 10 \ Salvadori, Orn. della Papu- asia e delle Molucche, pt. 1, p. 34, and pt. 3, p. 507. 8. fusco-cserulescens „ 158 Temmiuck, PI. Col. pi. 121 6 (FmZ/.), pp. 400, 459. 159 (immature), pi. 343 (adult). D'Orbigny, Voyage, Ois. p. 116. Grayson, Memoirs of Boston Ifat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii. p. 3012. 9. rufigularis (Daud.) . „ 159^ Grayson, Memoirs of Boston 5 p. 401. jVat. Hist. Soc. vol. ii. p. 301. Elliot, Birds of North Ame- rica, vol. ii. pi. 32. Baird, Brewer, and Eidg- way. Land Birds of N". America, vol. iii. p. 130. Lawrence and Sumichrast, Birds of S.W. Mexico, in BuU. U. S. Mus. no. 4, p. 391 10. deiroleucus „ 159^ Temminck, PI. Col. pi. 348. 1 (Temm.), p. 402. Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way, Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. p. 129. unfortunately did not examine it with reference to its specific distinctness, and I am therefore unable to ofier an opinion upon that disputed point. Professor Schlegel figures it under the name of " Falco froniahis, variete." * Here figured under the name " Falco frofitatus." ^ In the diSerent works to which I have here referred the specific name used for this Hobby is "fenioralis." 3 I have given, in my Notes above referred to, my reasons for preferring the specific name of " n/Jigzdaris" to that of " albiguhris " applied to this species by Mr. Sharpe, and also used by Mr. Lawrence: in the same page I have shown cause for applying to the next species the name of " deiroleitcKs" rather than that of " aurantius," adopted by Mr. Sharpe and also by the authors of the ' Land Birds of North America ;' the latter name has been applied by some authors to H. rufigularis. 104 LIST OF BIURNAL BIRDS OF PREr. References Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Xotes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous Eeferences. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. Genus 10. 1882, 152 ^SALON\ 160 Species 1. regulus (Pall.) .... p. 406. 51 160 JNewton'sYarrelljVol. i.p.74. Dresser, Birds of Europe, Tol.Ti.p.83,p]s.380,381. KadclifFe, Falconry, p. 14. J. H. Gurney, jun., Rambles of a Xaturalist, p. 137. Prjevalsky in Eowley's Om. Misc. vol. ii. p. 151. David et Oustalet, Ois. de la Chine, p. 34. Seebokm, British Birds, vol. i. p. 34. 21 Skel. 3 2, cohunbarius (Linn.) p. 408. >» 160 161 Audubon, Birds of Ame- rica, pis. 75 & 92". Grayson, Memoirs of Boston jS'at. Hist. Soc. vol. ii. p. 300. Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way, Land Birds of N. 13 Skel.l 1 Subspecies America, vol. iii. p. 144. a. richardsoni (Eidg.).\ „ 161 Swaiuson and Richardson, 4 pp. 408 (footnote), 460. Faun. Bor.-Amer. pt. 2, p. 37, pi. 25 (female)^ Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way. Land Birds of i!f. America, vol. iii. p. 148 ■*. b. suckleyi* (Ridg.) . . p. 460. H 161 Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way, Land Birds of N. O America, vol. iii. p. 147''.' ' Included in the genus Faico by Mr. Sharpeand bv various other authors ; but some include it in Hypotriorchis, and others use the generic term Lithofalco. ^ The old male of this species was figured by Audubon under the name of " Falco temerarius." 3 There figured under the name of "Falco (ssalon." * The descriptions given of the males oi'^. richardnoui and of -^'. suckleyi lead me to doubt whether the fully adult male plumage of either race has yet been identified. LIST OF DITTEJTAI, BIRDS OF PREY. 105 Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. Genus 11. CHICaUERA'. Species typus, Bon. . . p. 403. 2. ruficoUis (Swains.) p. 404. Genus 12. FALCO. Species 1. peregrinator, Sund p. 382. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (jears and pages). Miscellaneous References. Subspecies atriceps, Hume . . . p. 377^ 1882, 152 161 „ IGl 162 1868, 141 142 1882,161 162 152 292 291 to 293 pi. 10 Gould, Century, pi. 2^. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 19. RadclifFe, Falconry, p. 13 Swainson, Birds of West Africa, vol. i. p. 107, pi. 2. Ayres, Ibis, 1869, p. 288. Strickland, Annals of J^at History, 1846, p. 1021 Jerdon, lU. of Indian Orni- thology, pis. 12&28^ Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 3, pi. RadclifFe, Falconry, p. 6. J. H. G. Stray Feathers, vol. viii. p. 425. Legge, Birds of Ceylon, pp. 106, 1210. Hume, Rough Notes, p. 58. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p, 14. J. H. G. Stray Feathers, vol. viii. p. 423. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. 14 ^ Included by Mr. Sharpe and many other authors in the genus Falco. ^ Mr. Gould describes this species under the name oi " Falco chicquera" ^.riA. Col. Delme Radcliffe under that of " Lifhofalco chiqucra." ^ This article contains Sundevall's original description, and is reproduced in ' Stray- Feathers,' vol. V. p. 500. * Here figured under the name of " Falco shaheen." ° Mr. Sharpe included Falco atriceps amongst the synonyms of " F. communis" {pere- grimis) ; but I think there is no doubt that this is a mistake, as to which see my Notes above referred to. 106 LIST OF BIURNAL BIRDS OP PRET. Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. References to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous References. Number of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. FALCO. Species 2. peregrinus^, Tunst. p. 376. 1861, 13] 1882,293 to 300- 321 438 439 Subspecies a. pealei, Eidg., p. 459. 297 298 ScUegel, Talk Vogels, pi. i. fig. r. "Newton's Yarrell, vol. p. 53. J. H. Gurney, jun., Eambles of a Naturalist, pp. 136 286. Grayson, Memoirs Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. ii p. 300. Baird, Brewer, and Bidg- way. Land Birds of N. America, vol. iii. p. 132 \ Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. vi. p. 31, pi. 372. Eadcliffe, Falconry, p. 5. Sharpe's Layard, p. 56. Seebohm, British Birds, vol. i. p. 23. Cassin, Birds of California &c. pi. 16 (hinder figure)' Baird, Brewer, and Bidg- way. Land Birds of N America, vol. iii. p. 137. 54 Skel. 2 * Here referred to under the specific name of "communis," which was ultimately abandoned by Mr. Sharpe in favour of " peregrinus," as to which see my Notes. 2 Subsequently to the publication of my remarks as to the frequent occurrence of Indian Peregrines in which the breast and abdomen are spotted instead of transversely barred, Captain Wardlaw Ramsay kindly lent me a similar English specimen, an adult male, killed at Willesden on December 31, 1868, in which the only portions of the under surface that are transversely barred are the under wing-coverts, the flanks, and, to a slight extent, the lower abdomen, the breast being speckled with small spots about one eighth of an inch long and about half as much across. ^ Here figured under the name of " Falco polyagrus," but erroneously, as I have been informed by Mr. Ridgway. LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. lOi References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sliarpe's Cat. vol. i. Notes in the Miscellaneous Eeferences. mens in ' Ibis ' (year.s Norwich and jjages). •Museum. b. cassini, Sharpe .... p. 384. 1882,300 to 302' 1 c. melanogenys, Oould „ 302 Gould, Birds of Australia, 11 p. 385. to 304^ vol. i. pi. 8. Schlegel, Valk Vogels, pi. i. fig. 2\ Species 3. minor, Bon., „ 306 Sharpe's Layard, p. 57. 6 p. 383, pi. 12. to 309 Milne-Edwards et Grandi- 313 dier, Ois. de Madagascar, 315 vol. i. p. 32. Subspecies 437^ a. punicus 307 Le Vaillant, Jeune, Explo- ration de I'Algerie, Uis. 8 Levaill., ^wa.., p. 386 ^ 7? ■^ ^-• • 309 Skel.l to 311 pl.l. '■ I have recently measured an adult male of this rare Falcon from the Falkland Islands, kindly lent me by Captain Wardlaw Ramsay ; the wing, though apparently quite perfect, only measures 12-15 inches, the tarsus 1'90, the middle toe s. u. 2'10; it is a remarkably dark-coloured specimen. ^ By the kindness of Mr. Seebohm I have had the opportunity of examining a pair of Falcons (male and female), both killed on the 18th of March at Hui San, in Eastern China, which I consider to be adult examples of F. ?nela720(/cii//s, and the first, so far as I know, that have been recorded from China, or from any locality further north than the Philippine Islands. I understand that Hui San is in the vicinity of the river Yank- tse-kiang, and therefore about 32^ N. lat. The Noi'wich Museum has lately acquired a typical adult male collected in Jobie Island by Mr. A. A. Bruijn. ^ A female from Java is here figured under the title of " Faico com7nunis." *■ Subsequently to the publication of my Notes on F. minor, I had the opportunity of measuring two additional females of this species with the following results : — Wing, in. From Damara Land, marked female by the collector, the late C. J. Andersson, now in the possession of Capt. Wardlaw Ramsay 12-60 From the Rovuma River, in East Africa, in the collection of Capt. Shelley {vide P.Z. S. 1882, p.. 3U2) 12-60 Middle Tarsus. toe s. u. in. in. 1-85 210 1-70 l-9() ' Mr. Sharpe includes F. j}utiicux amongst the synonyms of Dresser figures it under the name of '' F. minor T ' F. bar bar Kg Mr 108 IISX OF DITJRN^AL BIRDS OF PRET. References Number Nomenclature, with references to J. H. G.'s of speci- to Sharpea Cat. vol. i. Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous References. mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. FALCO. a. punicus (continued).. 1882,313 jDresser, Birds of Europe, to 321 vol. vi. p. 43, pi. 373 \ 437' Species 438 4. barbarus, Linn. . . „ 304 Salviu, Ibis, 1859, pi. 6. 5 p. 386. to 306 Dresser, Birds of Europe, Skel.l 311 vol. vi. p. 47, pi. 374. 312 Anderson, P. Z. S. 1876, 315 pi. 23'. 437 Anderson and Guruey, 438 P. Z. S. 1878, p. 2. 579 5. babylonicus, Gum.. „ 439 Irby and Sckter, Ibis, 1861, 3 p. 387 \ p. 218, pi. 7. Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 20, pi. EadclifFe, Falconry, p. 8. Jerdon, Ibis, 1871, p. 240. ^ See note 5 on page 1 07. ^ Since my Notes on F. pjiniciis were published I have been indebted to the kindness of Loi-d Lilford for the opportunity of examining two adult Falcons, both of which I think must be considered as females oi F.punkus, though one is a trifle larger, and the other decidedly smaller than any other females of F. punicus that have come under my notice. The following are the principal dimensions of these two Falcons : — Middle Wing. Tarsus. in. in. From the island of Gianuti, near the coast ofTuscany 1340 2-00 From Egypt (female by dissection) 1260 TOO toe s. 11. 215 195 I may add that Lord Lilford also possesses a wing of an immature male of F. punicus, taken from tjie nest on Madalena Island, off the coast of Sardinia, in May 1881, and accidentally killed in the following October, which measures 11-50 inches. ^ Here figured as '^ Faleo hahylonicus," which Mr. Anderson subsequently corrected. * Mr. Seebohm, at page 30 of his work on 'British Birds,' refers to F. babykmicus as "probably the female" of F. barbarus; this surmise may, I think, be disproved by the following summary of measurements taken by myself from eleven adult or nearly adult specimens of F. babylo7ncus, presumably of both sexes : — • Wing 12-50 to 13-30 Tarsus 1-90 to 2-10 Middletoes.w ]-95to 210 if compared with the following, taken from seven females of F. barbarus, the sex LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. 109 Eeferences Number Nomenclature, witli references to Sliarpe's Cat. -vol. i. to J. H. (l.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous Eeferences. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. 6. feldeggii, Schleg. . . 1882,439 J. H. Gurney, jun., Kambles 18 p. 3a9. to 443 of a Naturalist, p. 133. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. vi. p. 51, pi. 375. Subspecies a. tanypterus ? „ 439 Schlegel, Abhandlungen, 8 p. 391. to 443 pis. 12 & 13. Finsch, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. vii. pp. 203, 204 '. Species 7. biarmicus, Temm. . . „ 442 Ayres, Ibis, 1860, p. 207; 18 p. 391. 443 1862, p. 154. Sharpe's Layard, p. 58, pi. 2. Subgenus A, „ 152 GENNAIA^ 443 Species 1. juggur (Grat/) „ 443 Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. 1, lO^ p. 393. 444 pi. RadclifFe, Falconry, p. 12. Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 16. Skel.1 of five out of the seven having been verified by dissection (vide Ibis, 1882, pp. 312, 438) :— in. in. Wine 11-10 to 12 Tarsus 1-50 to 1-80 Middle toe s. 2« 1-70 to 1-80 Added to which, F. babylonictis has never been detected anywhere to the west of the Asiatic continent, except in the case of a single supposed, but not very strongly authen- ticated, Abyssinian specimen in the Norwich Museum, whereas the chief stronghold of F. harhanis is Northern Africa, from Egypt to Morocco. ^ The Falcon described at p. 2(J4 of this article was doubtfully referred by Dr. Finsch to F. barbarns, and more positively by myself in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society' lor 1871, p. 147. In this I was wrong; the bird is now in the collection of Capt. Wardlaw Ramsay, who has kindly allowed me to re-examine it, and I am satisfied that it is, in reality, a young male of F. tanyjyterus. ^ Included by Mr. Sharpe and by many other authors in the genus Falco. 2 One of these specimens was obtained by Mr. Wliitely, of Woolwich, who informed me that it and another example of this species (which I also saw) formed part of a collection of skins made by an artillei-yman stationed at Tonghoo, a locality, which, if no mistake has occurred as regards these specimens, is, I believe, a new one for this species. 110 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRD8 OP PKEY. Eeferences Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes iu the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous Eeferences. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. GENNAIA. Species 2. saker (Gmel.) 1882,443 Farman, Ibis, 18B8, p. 409. 14 p. 417. to 447 Jerdon, Ibis, 1871, p. 238. Eadcliffe, Falconry, p. 10. Henderson and Hume, La- bore to Yarkand, pt. 2, p. 171, pi. 1'. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. vi. p. 59, pis. 376, 377. 3. mexicana (SchL'g.), „ 447 Cassin, Birds of California 5 p. 420. to 451 &c. pi. 16 (front figure only)-. Baird, Brewer, and Kidg- way, Land Birds of IS'. America, vol. iii. p. 123^. Coues, Birds of tbe North West, p. 339 ^ ^ This plate represents the type specimen of F. hendcrsoni, Hume { = 7nilvipcs, Hodg- son), the supposed validity of which species, as distinct from G. saker, I have discussed in my Notes, and would here merely refer to what I have there written. Two of the specimens in the Norwich Museum, which are there catalogued under the head of F. saker, are in the plumage which has been separated imder the specific titles of " milvipes^' and "hendcrsoni," and a third specimen is partially in a similar dress. ^ Here figured under the name of " Falco polyagrus ;" as to the hinder figui-e on this plate, see Mr. Eidgway's letter quoted below. ' This species is described in the 'Laud Birds of N. America' mader the designation of "Falco lanariiis, xm'. pohjagms," and in the 'Birds of the North West' under that of " Faico mexicanus, var. polyagrusr I avail myself of the kind permission of Mr. Eidgway to quote the following extract from a letter he was so good as to write me on 23rd January, 1883 : — " Since I last wrote you I have had the pleasure of making a reexamination of the Falcon named '■ Hierofalco lanarius, var. mexicanus' in my ' Catalogue of the Falconidte in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History' (p. 44) ; very much to my surprise it proves to be nothing more than a small-sized young male of the ordinary F. p)ob/agriis. differing in no respect except slightly smaller dimensions from examples in the National-Museum collection from Arizona and Lower California I have now no doubt whatever of the existence of only one species or race of this group in the Western United States and in Mexico, for which the name of mexicanus should be used Moreover, the original ' polyagrus' of Cassin was a composite species, including, besides the F. mexicanus, the dark race of the Peregrine which, in 1873, I characterized as Falco communis, var. j^ealei ; in fact part of Oassin's description and one of the figures of his plate are taken from the identical specimen which I afterwards made the type of my new race." LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. Ill References Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years and pages). Miscellaneous References. of speci- mens in Norwich Museum. 4. hypoleuca (Oould), p. 394. 1882,451 452 Gould, Birds of Australia, vol. i. pi. 7. 3 5. subniger (Gray) . . p. 394. 1870,536 1882, 452 Gould, Birds of Australia, vol. i. pi. 9. 1 Subgenus B. HIEROFALCO\ „ 152 579 Species 1. labradorus ( J-ut?.) . . p. 416 ^ „ 579 to 581 Dresser, Rowley's Orn. Misc. vol. i. p. 185 (two plates). 1 2. gyrfalco {Linn.) .... p. 416. „ 581 to 587 Newton andWoUey,Ootheca WoUeyana, p. 87, pi. C. Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. vi. p. 15, pi. 367. Gould, Birds of Great Britain, vol. i. pi. 16. B. 0. U. List of British Birds, p. 101. 14" 3. islandus (Gmel.) . . p. 414. „ 587 to 591 Newton's Tarrell, p. 46. Wolf, Zool. Sketches, vol. i. pi. 35. 6^ Skel.l Subspecies a. holboelli% Sliarpe , . p. 415, pi. 13. „ 587 to 591 Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. vi. pi. 37l^ 13 ^ Both Professor Newton and Mr. Dresser refer the Falcons of this subgenus to the genus Falco. ^ Included by Mr. Sharpe amongst the synonyms of H. gyrfalco. 3 Of these specimens ten are European and four North-American. As to the existence of this species on the North-American continent, see Appendix N. ^ One of these specimens (in immature plumage) was killed in Ross-shire. ° For some additional remarks on H. holbcBJli, see Appendix N. ° Here figured ai "Falco islandus," 112 List OF DltrENAl BIRDS OF PREY. References Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the ' Ibis ' (years Miscellaneous References. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. HIEROFALCO. Species 4. candicans (GmeL). . 1882, 591 Newton's Yarrell, p. 36. 19' p. 411. to 594 Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. vi. p. 21, pis. 368, 369. Gould, Birds of Great Britain, vol. i. pis. 13, 14, and 15. .J. H. G. Zoologist, 1883, p. 80. Saunders, Ibis, 1883, p. 350. Family 5. 1878, 455 PANDIONID^. 1882, 594 Genus 1. PANDION. Species 1. haliaetus {Linn.y . . „ 597 Newton's Yarrell, p. 30. 9 p. 449. 598 Dresser, Birds of Europe, vol. vi. p. 139, pis. 386 & 387. Seebohm, British Birds, vol. i. p. 55 ^ Skel.l ^ One of these specimens is an adult male killed at Beeston Regis, in Norfolk, in February 1848 {vide Stevenson's ' Birds of Norfolk,' vol. i. p. 8). This fine Falcon was presented to the Norwich Museum by Mr. Charles Hoare. 2 Neither Professor Newton, Mr. Dresser, nor Mr. Seebohm admit the subspecific distinctness of P. caroHncnsis and of P. hucoccphalus ; Mr. Sharpe admits the latter only. I have here separated the three races, though, as intimated in my Notes, I am not without considerable doubt as to the propriety of doing so. LIST OF DTTIRNAL BIRDS OP PRET. 113 Eeferences Number Nomenclature, with references to Sharpe's Cat. vol. i. to J. H. G.'s Notes in the 'Ibis' (years Miscellaneous Eeferences. of speci- mens in Norwich and pages). Museum. Subspecies a. carolinensis ? . . . . 1882,595 Audubon, Birds of America, 9 {Gmel.), p. 449. to 598 pi. 81. Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way, Land Birds of K, America, vol. iii. p. 184. b. leucocephalus ? . . „ 595 Gould, Birds of Australia, 6 Gould, p. 451. to 598^ vol. i. pi. 6. Scblegel,yalkVogels, pp.12, 52, pi. 3. fig. 3. ^ Since the jDublication of my Notes I have had the opportunity of measuring some additional specimens of Pandion leiccocejahalus, with the following results : — Tcr- rr Middle Wmg. larsus. . ° toe s. u. in. in. in. Gilolo, marked c? by collector 1740 2-0 1-70 Mysol 16-90 20 1-60 North Ceram 17-0 2-0 160 Kirimoen Island, Timor Laut Group, marked § h-^ coWectov {Mr. Forbes) 1675 2-0 1-70 Ternate (recently added to the collection in the Norwich Museum) 16-30 1-90 1-70 New-Britain Group, marked 5 by collector {Eev. G. Brown) 17-80 2-0 1-80 116 APPENDIX A. On Circus Eeruginosus and Circus spilonotus. Mr. Seebohm, in the article on Circus (Eniginosus in his ' History of British Birds/ has introduced some interesting remarks on the eastern range of that species, and on the geographical distribution of its Oriental congener C. spilo- notus, also on the remarkable Harrier from Transylvania, figured in Dresser^s ^ Birds of Europe^ as '' a very old male" of C. (Bruginosus. Mr. Seebohm speaks of this specimen as '^evidently a nearly adult male'' of C. spilonotus : this it pos- sibly may be ; but though it bears a singular resemblance to the male of C. spilonotus when passing from the immature to the adult dress, I have never seen an example of the latter species exactly like it, and I incline to the opinion that it really is an abnormally-coloured and probably a very old male of C. (Bruginosus. I have seen other males, which I refer without doubt to C. ceruginosus, that considerably approach this Transylvanian specimen, but differ less than it does from the ordinary type of C. (Bruginosus ; of such specimens I may particularize five, four of which (one from Damietta, a second from Sahara, a third from Ceylon, and the fourth from Maunbhoom in India) are in the Norwich Museum, and the fifth is Mr. Wright^s Malta male referred to in Mr. Dresser's work. The Norwich Museum has recently added to its series of C. spilonotus six specimens, all collected by Mr. Everett at Papar in Northern Borneo, which locality they had probably reached on their southern migration, as five of them were obtained at various dates ranging from the 24th December to the 4th January, and the sixth is also ticketed as obtained in December, though the day of the month has not in this instance been recorded. 116 LIST OF DIURNAL BITtDS OF PKET. According to the measurements whicli I subjoin there would appear to be amongst these specimens one female and five males, though of the latter two have been marked " ? " by the collector. Wing. Tarsus. Middle toe S.tl. in. in. in. I lo-45 3-o0 1-75 Five presumed males . . ..to to to ( 15-90 3-80 1-90 One female . . 16-90 3-70 2-0 The males are entirely in the first year's plumage, except one, which has, to some extent, acquired the adult dress, espe- cially as regards the quill-feathers and greater coverts of the wing, and also the tail, which is grey, with the exception of some remains of brown cross-barring. The female and the four younger males all show more or less of the dark cross bars on the central rectrices ; but in three of the males it is very indistinct, and in one of the three so effaced as to be almost indistinguishable; it is, how- ever, clear to me that this is merely the effect of the feather becoming worn and faded as the season for moulting has approached. I greatly doubt a similar effect being ever pro- duced in this species by the age of the bird, as suggested by Mr. Seebohra. Immature specimens of C. spilonotus in which the dark cross bars have been removed by fading and attrition from the central rectrices cannot, in my opinion, be discriminated with certainty from immature specimens of C. aruginosus. Ari'EXDIX B. 117 APPENDIX B. On some Species of the Genus Micrastur. The Norwich jNIuseum aucl the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godmau contain six examples of a Micrastur which resembles the greyer-backed adults of M. guerilla, but notice- ably differs from these in having the jugulum suffused with rufescent bufF^ extending over the transverse dark and pale bars, instead of these bars being either devoid of any such colour- ing or suffused with greyish brown with no tinge of fulvous or rufous, one or other of these alternative plumages always char^rpterizing the adult of the true M. yaerilla, from the greyer-backed examples of which this Micrastur does not otherwise differ. In two specimens of this fulvous-chested Micrastur which I have examined the mantle is decidedly grey, in one it is brownish grey, and in the remaining three it is grey mingled with brown, the latter tint appearing chiefly on the edges of the wing-coverts and of the lower scapulars. The following are the localities and measurements of the specimens above alluded to : — Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Outer Middle toe *■. u. toe s. u Inner toe s. u. Cul- men s. e. No. 1. Bahia. Coll. Salvin and Godman No. i>. Ditto. Ditto No. y. Venezuela. Norwich Museum No. 4. U.S. Colombia. Do. No. 6. " Brazil." Do No. 6. " South America." Do 6-90 6-70 6-90 6-80 6-80 705 6(50 (5-GO 710 (3G0 0-70 6-75 2-40 2-2.5 2-20 2 20 2-20 070 0-80 llo 1-20 0-70 MO 0-70 1-10 0-80 l-2o 070 , 1-1.5 0-70 0-75 0-05 0-65 0-75 0-00 0-60 060 0-60 0-60 0-65 0-60 118 LIST OF DIURNAL BIKDS OF PKET. I have not been able to ascertain with certainty the im- mature plumage of this race of Micrastur ; but I have seen specimens from Bahia, much resembling the young of M. guerilla, which I believe to be immature examples of the bird now under consideration. Specimen No. 2 in the above list is one of those alluded to by Messrs. Sclater and Salvin in the P. Z. S. 1869, p. 367, as a specimen "not quite mature" of " Mici'astur leucau- chen-/' but I am unable to accept this identification, as I am decidedly of opinion that TemmincVs plate of the bird to which he gave the name of " Falco leucauchen" represents an immature example of M. rtificoUis\ and the present bird appears to me to be the adult stage of a species, or at least of a subspecies, distinct both from M. ruficollis and from M. guerilla. Nos. 1 and 2 in my list have both been examined by Mr. Ridgway, who has ticketed them " M. ruficollis, gi-ey phase, adult,""^ and has described one of them as the " plum- beous" phase of that species at p. 492 of his very valuable monograph of the genus Micrastur, published in the ' Pro- ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia' for 1875. My objection to this solution is chiefly geogra- phical, as I have never seen the typical M. ruficollis (regarded by Mr. Ridgway as the rufous phase of that species) from any locality further west than the island of Trinidad, whereas the bird which I am considering extends its range as far westward as the United States of Colombia. I therefore look upon this race as a subspecies of M. gue- rilla, intermediate between that species and M. ruficollis ; and as the coloration of the jugulum is the point of distinction between it and M. guerilla, I would propose for it the sub- specific name "jugularis.'' For comparison with the measurements given above I may quote the following, which I have taken from twenty-two ' In my Notes on M. 7-vJicollis I expressed an opinion that this figure represented an '^ immature female" of that species ; but I now believe that no difference of coloration exists between the sexes. Arpi:>'i)rx n. 119 specimens of M. guerilla in tlie collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman and in the Norwich Museum : — Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Outer toe s. u. Middle toe s. u. Inner toe s, u. Cul- men s.c. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. Two misexed adults from Ecuador : From Paste 6-GO 6-00 2-30 0-75 110 0-70 0-70 From Nanegal imperf. imperf. 2-30 0-85 1-20 0-70 0-70 Two adults from Veragua, i marked c? by collector j 6-85 imperf. 2-40 0-80 l-2o 0-80 0-60 7-00 6-60 2-2o 0-80 1-15 0-75 0-65 Unsexed specimens from various localities extending from Panama to Mexico : I 6-80 6 60 2-20 0-70 1-15 070 0-60 Six adidts \ to to to to to to 7-40 7-20 2-45 0-90 1-30 0 80 \ 6-(i0 6'30 210 0-00 1-10 0-60 0-60 TAvelve immature . . \ to to to to to to to I 7-25 6-90 2-40 0-85 1-30 0-80 0-65 For the sake of further comparison, I may add the follow- ing measurements, which I have taken from seven well- marked, but unsexed, specimens of M. ruficoUis : — Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Outer toe s. 10. Middle toe s. u. Inner toe s. u. Cul- men s.c. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. 6-60 6-30 2-20 0-70 1-15 0-70 0-60 to to to to to to to 7-o0 7-80 2-30 0-90 1-35 0-75 0-70 The immature plumage of M. guerilla is subject to con- siderable individual variation, some young birds showing a conspicuous white or yellowish- white nuchal collar, which in many others is more or less imperfect, and in a few almost imperceptible. The extent of the cross-barring on the uuder- parts also varies greatly : in many specimens it extends over the whole under surface of the body, in others it is partially absent, and in a few almost entirely so ; when present, the bars are always further apart than in the adult birds. 120 LIST OF DIITENAL BIRDS OF PREY. I may add^ Avith reference to another allied species, Micras- tur zonothorax, that I have only seen one adult specimen of this scarce Hawk. This example, which is in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, and was recorded in the P. Z. S. for 1873, p. 511, was obtained in Venezuela by Mr, Spence, and marked by him as a male ; it differs from the normal adult plumage of M. ruficollis in the crown of the head, though tinged with brownish grey, being less distinct in that respect from the rufous colour of the mantle than is usual in M. 7'uficollis, also in the chocolate-brown on the sides of the neck and on the throat being less rufescent than in M. ruficollis, and especially in its being strictly limited to the throat, not descending to the jugulum or upper breast as in the adults of M. ri(ficollis. Mr. Spence also obtained in Venezuela an immature spe- cimen, which is probably referable to this species, and which is preserved in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman; it bears a considerable resemblance to the immature plumage of M. ruficollis, but it is more strongly and more regularly barred on the under surface than is usual in the young birds of that species, and it is also, like the adult, browner and less rufous on the sides of the neck. The sex of this specimen has not been noted, but it would seem, from its measurements, to be a male. Messrs. Salvin and Godman possess another very similar young bird, apparently also referable to M. zonothorax, from Porto Cabello in Venezuela, whence were obtained the type specimens of this species now preserved in the Museum of Berlin. This example chiefly difl'ers from that last men- tioned in the transverse bars on the under surface being narrower and in the interspaces being much tinged with yellowish buff, except where a few feathers of the adult plumage have appeared on the upper breast and show white interspaces between rather broad black cross bars. This spe- cimen has been labelled by the collector as a female, obtained on 29th August, and havmg the irides " grey-brown." The following are the measurements which I have taken from the last-named three specimens : — APPENDIX B. 121 Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Outer toe s. u. Middle toe s. u. Inner toe 5. u. Cul- men s. c. S adult, Venezuela Immature, Venezuela .... 2 immature, Porto Cabello in. 6-UO 7-20 7-70 in. GoO 6-20 7-80 in. 2-20 2-30 2-40 in. 0-80 0-80 0-80 in. M5 1-20 1-30 in. 0-70 0-70 0-90 in. 0-G5 0-65 0-75 I am desirous of adding a few remarks on "■ Sparvius gilvicollis" of Vieillot, " Nisus concentricus" of Lesson, and " Micrastur pelzelni" of Ridgway. Messrs. Salvin and Godraan, in the P. Z. S. for 1869, p. 368, have, on the authority of Pucheran, admitted the identity of the two first {conf. Rev. et Mag. de Zoologie, 1850, p. 91). It seems to me that Pucheran was probably correct in this identification, that "Nisus concentricus" of Lesson is founded on the immature or partially immature plumage of the same species as that which, in its fully adult dress, received from Vieillot the designation of "Sparvius fjilvicoUis ," and that in this adult stage it is not separable from Micrastur pelzelni of Ridgway. Mr. Ridgway, in his monograph of the genus Micrastur, to which I have already referred, writes thus under the head of M. pelzelni : — " In abbreviated tail it is like M. concentricus .... but it differs very essentially in the relative length of the lateral toes, the outer one being decidedly longer than the inner, instead of being barely equal to it or appreciably shorter, while the barred crissum and under wing-coverts distinguish it at a glance from that species. '^ And again, writing of M. concentricus, he remarks : — " This very distinct species may be immediately distinguished by the peculiar proportions of the lateral toes and by having the tail shorter than the wing ; while in its adult dress it is unique in the white throat and unbarred crissum and anal region, as well as by the yellowish instead of dusky colour of the bill, though we are not sure of the constancy of the latter feature." My own belief is that all these peculiarities of colouring indicate immaturity rather than the reverse, except perhaps the white throat, which, as also the slight differences in the 122 LIST OF BIURKAL BIRDS OF PREY. proportion of the toes, I believe to be due to individual variation. I annex particulars of the measurements and markings of seventeen specimens which I have examined ; and in the result I have to express my belief that the specific names " concentricus" and "pelzeini" must both sink into synonyms of M. gilivcollis : — Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Outer Middle Inner Cul- men O toe s. u. toe s.ti. toe s. u. s. c. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. No. 1. c?\ SarayacUjUpper Ucayali. Type of M. pel- zelni 6-50 6-00 2-20 0-85 1-20 0-70 0-60 Xo. 2. S- Camacusa, Bri- tish Guiana 7-15 6-4o 2-30 0-80 1-20 0-75 0-65 No. 3. S • Camacusa, Bri- tish Guiana 6-50 6-00 2-30 0-80 1-20 0-75 0-60 No. 4. S • Camacusa, Bri- tish Guiana (probably wrongly sexed) 7-80 6-50 2-.30 0-80 1-10 0-80 0-60 No. 5. (S . Camacusa, Bri- tish Guiana 7-30 615 2-30 0-75 1-10 0-80 0-70 No. 6. S ■ Bartica Grove, British Guiana 7-30 6-30 2-30 0-75 MO 0-70 065 No. 7. $ . Bartica Grove, British Guiana 7-95 6-70 2-30 0-80 1-10 0-80 0-70 No. 8. 2. Camacusa, Bri- tish Guiana (probably wi'ongly sexed) 7-30 6-50 2-30 0-75 1-10 0-70 0-65 No. 9. 5 . Yquitos, Upper A.mazons 7-40 6-70 2-45 0-80 1-20 0-7o 0-75 No. 10. Yquitos, Upper Amazons 7-40 7-70 imperf. 6-15 2-40 2-30 0-75 0-75 1-20 1-20 0-75 0-70 0-70 0-65 No. 11. Brazil (?) No. 12. Brazil (?) 7-oO 6-30 2-30 0-85 imperf. 0-75 0-6o 7-90 6-20 2-20 0-70 105 0-70 0-65 No. 14. Demerara, British Guiana 7-50 7-90 6-50 6-70 2-20 2-.35 0-80 0-85 ]-10 1-30 0-70 0-75 0-65 0-70 No. 15. Sarayacu, Ecuador No. 16. Sarayacu, Ecuador 7-80 6-30 2-40 0-80 1-30 0-80 0-7o No. 17. Sarayacu, Ecuador 8-00 6-35 2-45 0-80 1-25 0-80 0-75 It seems to me that the diflFerences in measurement between the seventeen specimens whose dimensions are given above ^ The sexes, wliere noted, have been so marked by the collectors. The majority of these specimens are in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, and the remainder in the Norwich Museum. APPENDIX B. 123 are not greater than may reasonably be accounted for either by difference of sex or by individual variation. The markings and coloration of these specimens I will now endeavour succinctly to describe, and I think that they bear out the conclusion which I have already indicated. No. 1. Adult male, Sarayacu, Upper Ucayali, type of M. pel- zelni (shot 2nd August). — Entire upper surface plumbeous, tinged with brown on the lower scapulars, wings, wing-coverts, and tail, which latter has two narrow and somewhat indistinct whitish cross bars with a similar tip ; cheeks and ear-coverts a lighter plumbeous ; a similar but still paler tint on the chin, throat, and jugulum ; from thence to the exti^emity of the under tail-coverts the whole under surface, including the under wing-coverts and axillaries, regularly cross-ban'cd with alter- nate bands of black and white ; on the upper breast the depth of these bands is about equal, but from thence downwards that of the black decreases and the white increases, till, on the under tail-coverts, the black bands are mere lines about a quarter of an inch apart ; the bill is black, but the base of the lower mandible and that of the upper, along the tomia, is a yellow horn-colour. No. 2. Adult male, British Guiana (shot 22nd April). — Only differs from No. 1 in having the black bars on the abdomen and under tail-coverts somewhat more strongly marked. No. 3. Adult male, British Guiana (shot IZth June) . — Closely resembles No. 1, from Avhich it only differs in the inner lower portion of the under wing-coverts being immaculate, and in having three pale cross bars on the tail besides the tip. No. 4. Adult male [unless wrongly sexed), British Guiana (shot 21st February). — This specimen is a clear plumbeous on the upper parts, with no tinge of brown, but the tail blackish, with two narrow transverse bands and the tip pure white and well defined; it has the dark cross bars on the breast and abdomen broader than in No. 1, and on the upper breast broader than the white bars ; the under tail- coverts are white, spotted with plumbeous, some of the spots 124 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PKET. taking the form of very imperfect bars ; in other respects it agrees with No. 1. No. 5. Male, not fully adult, British Guiana (shot 10th August). — The upper surface of this specimen agrees with that of No. 4, except that the tail has three white bars beside the tip; the vmder surface appears to me to indicate the remains of immaturity, the white portions of the plumage being everywhere more or less tinged with buff, except the throat, which is pure white ; the dark cross bars are very narrow, and the buflFy-white interspaces the reverse, being from "10 to "20 of an inch in depth; the cross-barring does not extend below the breast, except very slightly on the outer tibial feathers, and it does not exist on the under wing- coverts, except very slightly towards the edge of the wing ; the axillai'ies are pure white. In this specimen there is a slight indication of the remains of a white nuchal collar below the ear-covert on one side ; the entire loAver mandible is yellow, and this colour extends on the upper mandible to the point, as well as along the tomia. No. 6. Male adult, British Guiana (shot 6th October). — This specimen has the following particulars attached to it by the collector : — " Bill slate-colour, marked with yellow-ochre at base ; eye white ; cere, legs, and toes orange ; claws brown." The upper surface agrees with No. 4, except that the throat instead of being plumbeous is white, as in No. 5, and the dark cross bars on the upper breast are not wider than the white interspaces; the wing-linings and axillaries are less strongly cross-barred than in No. 4, the former resembling those of No. 3. No. 7. Female adult , British Guiana (shot 25th November). — From the same locality as No. 6, which it closely resembles ; but the dark cross bars on the under tail-coverts are much more strongly marked; it has the following particulars attached to it by the collector: — ''Eye white; bill bluish black ; lower (mandible) greenish yellow ; cere blood-orange colour; legs and toes orange-yellow; claws horn-colour." No. 8. Female [unless wrongly sexed) in change, British Guiana (shot 9th April). — This specimen has a decided tint APPENDIX B. 125 of brown on all the upper parts, except tlie nape, where adult plumbeous feathers have appeared; but on one side of the neck there are conspicuous remains of a white nuchal collar ; the tail has three imperfect transverse white bars besides the tip ; the upper breast, some portions of the lower and of the abdomen, and also the tibiae, have acquired the adult plu- mage, and resemble those parts in No. 1 ; but on the remainder of the breast and abdomen, and also on the flanks, the immature plumage is retained ; while the dark cross bars are narrower and at a much greater distance from each other tjian in the adult dress, the light interspaces being more or less tinged with buft'; the under wing-coverts and axillaries seem to be in the adult state, and resemble those of No. 1 . No. 9. Female, nearly adult, Yquitos, Upper Amazcns (shot 13th June). — This specimen is marked by the collector as having the "eye pinkish brown ;^' and its being this colour rather than white, as in Nos. 5 and 6, may be an indication of immaturity, to which I also attribute a slight buffy tint pervading the light portions of the breast and abdomen ; the centre of the abdomen is free from cross bars, but these are strongly marked on the tibise and under tail-coverts ; the under wing-coverts are imperfectly cross-barred, and there are three white cross bars on the tail. With the exceptions here noted, it agrees with No. 1. No. 10. A younger bird from the same locality (shot 21st October). — This bird is slightly browner on the upper parts than the preceding, and the two white bars on the tail are not quite so narrow; the throat is greyish white; adult cross-barred feathers have appeared on the jugulum and breast, also very slightly on the flanks, tibiee, and outer portion of the lower under wing-coverts ; the upper mandible is slightly tipped with horn-colour; with these exceptions all the under surface is white, slightly tinged with buff". Nos. 11 and 12. Adults, said to be from Brazil. — Both these specimens agree with No. 1, except that the under wing-coverts are only partially cross- barred, and that there are no transverse bars on the under tail- coverts. No. 13. An immature bird from Cayenne. — Very similar 126 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. to No. 10, but the adult cross-barred feathers occupy a larger portion of the breast ; the bill is coloured as in No. 5 ; there are three white cross bars on the tail, besides the tip. No. 14. Immature in change^ British Guiana. — Very similar to No. 10, but with only two white cross bars on the tail. This specimen, and also Nos. 10, 11, 15, and 16 (all more or less in immature plumage), agrees with No. 5 in having a white mark below the ear-coverts ; but in these specimens this remnant of a nuchal collar is much smaller than in the immature bird No. 8. No. 15. Immature, Sarayacu, East Ecuador^ (shot in February). — The entire upper surface dark brown, blackish on the crown of the head; the tail with three white bars besides the tip; bill as in No. 10; under surface as in No. 5, but with the cross bars on the upper breast somewhat broken and not fully developed. This specimen has the pecu- liarity of a plumbeous gorget, about '20 of an inch in depth, across the jugulum. No. 16. Immature, Sarayacu, East Eciiador. — Similar to No. 15, but with the cross bars on the breast much more strongly and regularly marked, and no gorget across the jugulum. No. 17. Adult, Sarayacu, East Ecuador (shot in February). — This specimen only differs from No. 1 in having the centre of the abdomen free from cross bars, and but a very slight indication of them on the under tail-coverts. It is worthy of remark that D^Orbigny, who states that he met with this species in Bolivia [vide ' Voyage,'' Oiseaux, p. 88), describes the colour of the iris as a clear yellow. ' Not the same as the locality of the like name where the type of M. pelzelni was obtained. APPENDIX C. 127 APPENDIX C. On Urospizias datnpieri, U. etorques^ and U. misoriensis. Two specimens of Urospizias dampieri, which, so far as I know^ were the first sent to Europe, formed part of a collection of birds thus described by Dr. Sclater in the P. Z. S. for 1877, p. 96 :— " Birds collected by Mr. George Brown, C.M.Z.S., in Duke-of-York Island and on the adjoining parts of New Ire- land and New Britain." In this paper (at p. 109) Dr. Sclater, referring to these two Hawks under the title of "Accipiter etorqnes,'' wrote thus respecting them : — '' An adult and a young specimen, apparently of this new species, are in the collection, but without exact locality .^^ These two specimens passed into the possession of the late Lord Tweeddale, and are now in that of Capt. R. G. Wardlaw Ramsay, who has kindly permitted me to examine them ; they appear to me by their measurements to be both males, the adult bird being certainly referable to Urospizias dampieri, and, in my opinion, the immature specimen also, though it has been suggested by Count Salvadori that the latter is a young Leucospizias poliocephalus in a rufous phase of plumage {vide Orn. della Papuasia e delle Molucche, pt. 1, pp. 45^ 47). The following are the measurements of these specimens, which may be compared with those that I have recorded in the ' Ibis' for 1882, p. 128 :— Presumed males. Wing. Tarsus. ^''^'^^^ ° toe s. u. in. in. in. Adult (bearing Mr. Brown's mark "No. 62'') 8-50 2-20 1-30 Immature (ditto ditto " No. 66 ") 8-20 2-20 1-30 It may be useful to add the following details of their 128 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. coloration, especially as the younger bird has not been described, except in Count Salvadori^s article above referred to. Commencing with the latter, the crown of the head is dark rufous, with somewhat paler edges to the feathers, which have also white bases, partially apparent ; on the centre of the vertex some slate- col oui'ed feathers of the next plumage have appeared, which are a little darker than the correspond- ing feathers in the adult male ; the feathers above and below the eye and upon the cheeks are yellowish white, with minute blackish-brown centres ; the nuchal collar is black, but with partially apparent white bases to the feathers ; on the sides of the neck the feathers are dark brown, with conspicuous yellowish-white edges ; the interscapular feathers are yel- lowish white, but each feather bears a dark brown shaft-mark and cross bar and a broad rufous-brown tip ; the remainder of the mantle is rich rufous, with concealed yellowish- white bases to the feathers of the wing-coverts (as also to the quill- feathers of the wings), but this rufous colour is tinged with blackish on and adjoining the shafts of the feathers, the inner webs of which, except on the least wing-coverts, are of a pale rufous, save at the tips, and are transversely barred with blackish brown ; the tail is rufous, cross-barred with brown, indistinctly on the central pair of rectrices, but very distinctly on the inner webs of the others, six bars being perceptible on the central and eight on the external rectrices ; the entire underparts are yellowish white, sparsely varied with longitudinal and partially sagittate brown markings, except on the under wing-coverts, which are immaculate. In the accompanying adult specimen the entire upper surface is slaty grey, but this is paler on the head, nape, and cheeks than it is elsewhere ; the tail is a uniform slaty grey, with the exception of slight traces of cross bars on the inner webs of some of the lateral rectrices; on the under surface the tail is brownish grey, but all the other underparts are \inous, that hue being palest on the throat, and disposed in bars of two shades, a paler and a darker alternately, on the wing-linings, axillaries, and crissum, also, indistinctly, on the abdomen and thighs. APPENDIX C. 129 Another adult male recently added to the collection at the British Museum is considerably smaller than that above described, and also than the male previoiisly in the Museum, of which I gave the dimensions in the "^Ibis^ for 1882, p. 128 ; this specimen measures as under : — in. Wing 7-90 Tarsus 1-80 Middle toe s. m 1-35 It was obtained from the Museum Godeffroy, having been collected in New Britain by Mr. Kleiuschmidt. Another Hawk from the same locality, and obtained by the same collector, was sent with it to the British Museum as an immature female of U. dampieri ; but, in my opinion, it is a male of U. torqitatus in the dress assumed by that species in its passage from the immature to the fully adult plumage. One of the three adult females of U. dampieri collected by Lieut. Richards and described by me, under the erroneous appellation of U. etorques, in the ' Ibis^ for 1882, p. 126, was acquired by the Norwich Museum, which has subsequently obtained a second specimen, also collected in New Britain and marked " $ " by the collector. This female closely re- sembles those obtained by Lieut. Richards; it has no cross bars on any of the rectrices except the two outer pairs, and these appear to belong to the immature dress, the entire remainder of the plumage being adult ; this specimen measures : — in. Wing 9-15 Tarsus 2-40 Middle toe s.u 1*40 Culmen without cere 0-85 Another recent acquisition of the Norwich Museum is a second specimen of Urospizias etorques, collected by Mr. A. A. Bruijn, of Ternate, in Jobie Island, and marked by him as a female. This specimen is very similar to the female from the Astrolabe Mountains, previously possessed by the Norwich 130 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY, Museum and described in the 'Ibis' for 1882, pp. 453, 454, the only differences of marking which I observe between them being on the rectrices and under wing-coverts. In the Jobie Island bird the number of dark cross bars on the central rectrices is eleven, and they are somewhat more distinct than the corresponding bars in the Astrolabe speci- men, which are only nine in number ; the subterminal bar is rather narrower in the Jobie Island female than in that from the Astrolabe range. In both specimens all the rectrices are transversely barred, but the exterior pair on the inner web only. It may be well to note that a new and partly-grown rectrice in the Jobie Island bird shows the cross bars as strongly marked as they are on the older rectrices. In both specimens the under wing-coverts exhibit trans- verse bars of the same alternate tints as those on the breast, these being, however, more distinctly marked in the Astro- labe specimen than in that from Jobie Island. In both specimens the throat and chin are transversely barred with alternate narrow bands of grey and pale fulvous brown. The Jobie Island female of U. etorques is slightly smaller than that from the Astrolabe Mountains, of which I recorded the dimensions in the ' Ibis,' 1882 {loc. cit.) ; it measures : — in. Wing 9-90 Tarsus 2-40 Middle toe s.u 1-70 Culmen without cere 0'90 A much smaller Hawk, also collected by Mr. Bruijn in the island of Jobie, and ticketed by him as a female, was added to the collection in the Norwich Museum at the same time as the Jobie example of U. etorques. This Hawk, which is nearly adult, is, if I mistake not, an example of U. misori- ensis, a species which I believe had been previously met with only in the island of Misori (or Mysore) ; but as this island and that of Jobie are both situate in Geelvink Bay, there is no improbability in this species being found in Jobie as well as in Misori. ArrENDIX c. 131 This specimen measures as under : — in. Wing 7-9.5 Tarsus 2-40 Middle toe s. u 1-40 Ciilmen without cere 0'70 The upper surface is of a clear bluish grey, palest on the sides of the head and darkest on the primaries, where the grey of the mantle passes into deep slaty brown. This grey tint is evidently that of the adult dress, some immature feathers which remain amongst the primaries, secondaries, and wing-coverts being of a much browner hue. In the immature plumage, but not in the adult, the primaries and the secondaries exhibit dark cross bars on the inner web; these exist throughout the whole length of the secondaries and on the basal portion of the primaries above the emargi- nation ; the interspaces in the latter, and to a slighter extent in the former, are tinged with pale fulvous brown. All the rectrices, except the two external pairs, belong to the adult plumage, and are a pale grey, the central pair being entirely free from bars and the others cross-barred on the inner web only, and that somewhat indistinctly ; the four external rectrices, which remain from the immature dress, are brown, with distinct darker transverse bars on both webs. The throat is very indistinctly cross-barred with pale ful- vous, alternating with grey and with white, the latter pre- dominating; the remainder of the under surface of the body, and also the under wing-coverts, is of an unbroken vinous tint, only varied by slight and indistinct darker cross bars on the basal portion of the feathers of the upper breast and by similar but more distinct markings on the lowest feathers of the under wing-coverts, the latter appearing to be the remains of the immature dress ; also by some remains of immature plumage along the central portion of the abdomen, consisting of several white feathers with longitudinal central brown marks more or less sagittate in form, the actual shaft of these feathers being tinged with vinous. r2 132 LIST 07 DIURNAL BIKD3 OF PRBT. APPENDIX D. On the Spotted Eagles obtained in Cornwall and Ireland. I HAVE stated in my Notes that after examining the two Spotted Eagles killed in Cornwall, I considered that they belonged to the larger race {Aquila clanga) ; Mr. Seebohm, in his work on British Birds, p. 107, suggests, on the con- trary, that probably both these birds, and certainly the one which is preserved in the Truro Museum, are, in reality, examples of the smaller race {A. pomarina). With reference to this suggestion, I wish to observe that neither of these birds has the fulvous nuchal patch peculiar to the immature A. pomarina : the Truro specimen is certainly without it, and the late Mr. Rodd assured me that it was also absent, as it appeared to me to be, in the other Cornish specimen, which was in his possession when I saw it ; and although this bird was so cased as only partially to show the back of the neck, I think that I should have been able to detect the nuchal patch had it been present, and that I should not have failed to do so. I may add that Mr. A. G. More, who, at my request, has very kindly examined the Irish-killed Spotted Eagle in the Museum of Trinity College, Dublin, informs me that in that specimen there is also " no trace of a fulvous nuchal patch." As these three specimens are all immature, I believe the absence of a nuchal patch is a sufficient justification for referring them to A. clanga, although, if this identification be correct, they are small individuals of that larger race, but I think not so small as to be necessarily excluded from it. APPENDIX D. 133 Mr. SeeTDohm refers to a statement of mine as to the appa- rent length of the wing in the Truro specimen ; but it is fair to add that my figure, which he quotes, was only an estimate made through the glass of the unopened case containing the bird, and therefore much less reliable than an actual measure- ment. 134 LIST OF DiUKNAL BIRDS OF PRKT. APPENDIX E. On the Species of the Genus Buteo/oMWC? in Asia. Mr. Sharpe cites Buteo leucocephalus of Hodgson and B. aquilinus, also of Hodgson, as synonyms of B. ferox ; but the bird described by Hodgson under the first of these names in the P. Z. S. for 1845, p. 37, which was "caught beyond the snows of Thibet/^ appears to me to belong, without doubt, to the same species as that for which Temmiuck and Schlegel proposed the specific name of hemilasius, founded on a Japanese specimen, in 1850 {vide ^ Fauna Japonica,^ Aves, p. 18, pi. 7). I therefore now adopt " leiicocephaJus" as the oldest specific name of this Buzzard, instead of that o£ hemi- lasius employed in my Notes. Hodgson applied the specific name of aquilinus to the same species subsequently to that of leucocephalus \ and called it "Buteo leucocephalus vel aquilinus," in a paper "On the Buzzards of the Himalaya and Thibet/^ published in the ' Calcutta Journal of Natural History,^ vol. viii. p. 94, where he again alludes to it as brought " from Thibet.^^ This loca- lity was that o£ the type specimen of Hodgson's B. leucoce- phalus, but not of the type of his B. aquilinus, which latter, ' Mr. Hume wi-ites to the following effect in 'Stray Feathers,' vol. iv. p. 359 (footnote) : — " It is impossible to say whether aquilinus, or Hodg- son's other name leucocejihalus, should stand ; the latter was read at the Zoological Society on the 8th April, 1845, but when the record of this reading was published I cannot ascertain : aquilinus appeared in the J. A. S. B. for 1st April, 1845, but when this actually appeared is doubt- ful; the numbers were often months in arrear." The species was, how- ever, noticed, under the title of " Butaquila leucocephala," in the list of Nipalese Birds collected by Mr. Hodgson, at p. 81 of the volume for 1844 of J. E. Gray's 'Zoological Miscellany;' and although no description of the bird is there given, I think the fact of its record in 1844 under the specific title of '' kucocephala^'' points to that being its older and original designation. APPENDIX E. 135 now preserved in the British Museum, was obtained by him in Nepal. This last-mentioned example,, which appears to me to be identical with B. leucocephalus , has been described in Mr. Sharpens Catalogue (p. 178) as a "very old'''' example of Buteo ferox, under which name it is also figured at pi. 8 of the same volume' — but unfortunately somewhat incorrectly, the bare portion of the front of the tarsus being represented as scutellated quite across, whereas it is, in fact, entirely covered Avith reticulated scales, I have never examined an example of B. leucocephalus in which this reticulation did not exist ; and I can vouch for its presence not only in the speci- men above referred to, but in six others preserved in the British, Paris, and Norwich Museums. The reticulation of this portion of the tarsus is, however, composed of larger scales in some individuals than in others. This reticulation was thus described by Hodgson in the P. Z. S. 1845, p. 37 — " Tarse two thirds plumed in front, and the nude part reticulate, not scutellate ; " and thus by the authors of the 'Fauna Japonica^ (Aves), in their article already referred to — " Les parties nues du tiers inferieur du tarse sont revetues .... d^ecailles passablement larges, par- ticulierement vers le devant, oxx elles prennent la forme de petites plaques disposees en reseau.^'' This ''reseau" (network) on the front of the lower part of the tarsus is well shown in Mr. Wolf's excellent figure at pi. 7 of the ' Fauna Japonica,'' and also in the plate of this species in David and Oustalet's ' Oiseaux de la Chine.^ Mr. Hume, in ' Stray Feathers,' vol. iv. p, 367, adverting to the curious fact that in some, though comparatively few, specimens of Buteo ferox the front of the tarsus exhibits more or less of an abnormal reticulation of a character similar to that which appears to be constant in B. leucocephalus, remarks, *' Although in several specimens o^ ferox the scutation makes a decided approach to that of my specimen of aqudinus, in no ' This plate has been rightly referred to Buteo leucocephalus {=hemi- lasius) by MM. David and Oustalet in the ' Ois. de la Chine,' p. 19; these authors use, however, for tliis species the specific name of hemilasius, and not that of leucocephalus. 136 LIST OF DIUKNAL BIRDS OF PREY. single specimen out of 120 does it appear to be so thoroughly and entirely reticulate as in that species/^ The only instance in which I have met^ in an example of B.ferox, with a tarsus as completely reticulate as in B. leuco- cephalus is that of a specimen in the collection of Mr. See- bohm^ which was formerly in that of the late Mr. A. Anderson, but which has no locality attached to it. I refer this specimen to B.ferox, as its general dimensions appear to be hardly large enough for B. leucocephalus , but more especially on account of the smaller size of the claw of the inner toe, which measures along the curve about I'l, whereas in a female B. leucocephalus in the Norwich Museum this claw measures fully 1"4, and in another female referred to by Mr. Hume, who points out this peculiarity of i?. leuco- cephalus in his article which I have already quoted, it measured 1'85. The other dimensions of Mr. Seebohm^'s specimen are : — in. Wing 17-45 Tarsus 3'30 Middle toe s. m 1-90 The specimen of B. leucocephalus in the British Museum, which is the tyjoe of Hodgson''s B. aquilinus, has no memo- randum of sex attached to it ; but its dimensions, which are as under, perhaps indicate that it is a male, though a still smaller specimen (with a wing measuring only 18"60) is stated by Mr. Hume (/. c.) to have been a female. I add, for comparison, the measurements of five other specimens, all ticketed by the collectors as females : — TXT- rr Middle Winff. Iarsu3. ° toe s. u. In the British Museum : in. in. in. Type of B. aquilinus IS'oO 3-25 1-60 $ . Dauiia 2000 3-60 1-80 2 . Hangchow, China 19-50 3-30 1-90 $ . Pootuug, China 19-50 3-30 1-90 $ . Shanghae, China 19-30 3-40 1-70 In the Norwich Museum : $ . Shanghae . . 18-90 3-40' 1-80 ' In the 'Ibis' for 187t>, p. 369, 1 erroneously gave this measurement as 3-20. APPENDIX E. 137 Mr. Hume, in ' Stray Feathers/ vol. iv. p. 364, gives measurements of B. ferox which yield the following results deduced from 94 sexed specimens, showing that it is, on the average, somewhat inferior in size to B. leucocephalus : — Wing. Tarsus. in. in. in. in. Males 16-25 to 17-75 3-20 to 3-75 Females 18-00 to 19-25 3-20 to 3-80 The occasional abnormal reticulation in the unfeathered portion of the front of the tarsus which has been observed in B. ferox occurs also, and somewhat more frequently, in B. pliwiipes. I have observed in this species a complete reticulation taking the place of the ordinary scutellation in the following specimens preserved in the British and Norwich Museums, viz. five from Japan, one fi-om China, and one from Kashmir, and a partial reticulation in one from Japan, four from China, one from Nepal, and one from Northern India. A specimen of this Buzzard exhibiting the above peculi- arity and obtained in Sikkim is referred to by Mr. Blanford in the abis' for 1872, p. 87. I have, in my Notes, expressed some doubt as to the iden- tity of B. plnmipes and B. Japonicus ; but I now believe them to be referable to the same species, though it is remarkable that the melanistic phase, for which Hodgson proposed the specific name of plumipes, has never, so far as I am aware, been obtained either in Japan or in China, but only in the more westerly regions inhabited by this Buzzard. It is also remarkable that though immature specimens from China and Japan almost invariably exhibit a pale plumage, more or less closely corresponding with that represented in the ' Fauna Japonica' (Aves), pi. 6 b^, this pale plumage is comparatively ' An exception to this rule is, however, recorded in the ' Ibis' for 1878, p. 248, by Messrs. Blabiston and Pryer, who state that at Fujisan, in Japan, " a young bird was obtained from the nest of a dark colour." 138 LIST OF DirRNAL BIEDS OF PKET. rare amongst specimens of similar age from more western countries, most of these being decidedly darker, and, when not melanistic, much tinged with rufous. With reference to the plumage of adult specimens, I may remark that an adult male from Kashmir, in the Norwich Museum, agrees closely in coloration and markings with the fijTure of an adult from Japan in the 'Fauna Japonica' (Aves), pi. 6, and with adult specimens from Japan and Eastern China, which leads me to think that such geographical discrepancy of coloration as exists is probably limited to immature and to melanistic individuals. The similarity which frequently occurs between immature specimens of B. plumipes and those of its two nearly allied western congeners, B. vulgaris and B. desertorum, renders it difficult to ascertain with precision the eastern limit to the geographical range of tiie two latter species, as well as the western limit of B. plumipes. The most westerly specimen of B. plumipes which I recol- lect to have examined is one from Khokand, in the posses- sion of Mr. Seebohm ; it is an immature bird in the pale phase of plumage, and has the abnormal peculiarity of all the rectrices, except the three external pairs, being destitute of any cross bars, in lieu of which they merely exhibit a slight irregular mottling. Of the two most easterly examples of B. vulgaris which have come under my notice, one, which is also in Mr. See- bohm's collection, is an adult female, shot 17th April, on the Altai Mountains, the other being an adult male in the Norwich Museum, from Ursem in Northern India. Another remarkable Buzzard in Mr. Seebohm's collection is a specimen from Krasnoyarsk ; it is quite a young bird, with ten dark bars across the tail, and in its colour resembles the rufous phase of the immature B. plumipes ; but it has been marked as a female by the collector ; and if this be cor- rect, it must, I think, from its small dimensions, be considered to be an eastern example of B. desertorum, though in the latter species the immature bird is usually less rufous than APPE^'DIX E. 139 the adult. The following are the measurements of this spe- cimen : — in. Wing 14-25 Tarsus 2-75 Middle toe 5. m 1-45 which are too small to agree with noi'mal females of B. plu- mipes, as may be seen by a reference to ' Stray Feathers/ vol. V. p. Q7 . With reference to the eastern range of B. desertorum, I may add that Mr. Hume has recorded, in ' Stray Feathers/ vol. X. p. 159_, a very small male Buzzard, Avhich probably belongs to this species ; it was shot by Mr. Davison on the Brahmagari Hills, in Southern India, on 16th April, 1881. I believe that this specimen is the only reliable ground for including India amongst the countries inhabited by this species', and that the Buzzards from Etawah, Nepal, and Madras, preserved in the British Museum, and inserted in Mr. Sharpe's Catalogue under the head of B. desertorum, should rather be referred to B. plumipes. I may here remark that melanism seems to be of much rarer occurrence in B. desertorum than in either B. ferox or B. plumipes. I only know one instance of it, a specimen obtained by Sir A. Smith in Southern Africa, and now pre- served in the British Museum. The samp collection now also contains the Everley Buzzard alluded to in my Notes, which I have recently reexamined, and consider to be an unquestionable example of B. deser- torum. I would conclude these remarks upon the Buzzards found in Asia by referring to Buteo menetriesi, a recently described species mentioned by Mr. Seebohm in his paper on the " Birds of the Caucasus'' {vide 'Ibis/ 1883, p. 5). I have been indebted to Mr. Seebohm's kindness for the opportunity of consulting a translation of Mr. Bogdanow's account of four specimens of this Buzzard, and I have ' Vide B. 0. U. List of British Birds, p. 94. 140 LIST OF DIITRNAL BIRDS OF PREY. extracted from it the following sentence relating to the coloration of the tail_, which I here insert because it describes the rectrices as less free from transverse markings than might be inferred from the paragraph relating to this species in Mr. Seebohm^s paper : — ^'The centre feathers of the tail are of a pure carroty colour^ with white shafts ; on the extreme part there is one broad, and two, three, or four small narrow unequal black bars ; the outside tail-feathers have the ex- ternal web black-brown, with a grey shading, or carroty brown, the inner web is carroty, relieved here and there by a brown shading, and on both are black-brown cross bars throughout the entire length of the feather ; the outermost feather is very broad, and the quill is white ; beneath the tail is a light carroty colour with a whitish reflection, and only the extreme black-brown margin is faintly distinguishable." APPENDIX F. 141 APPENDIX F. On Buteo solitarius. Dr. Sclater^ in his account of the birds collected in the Sandwich Islands during the visit of the ' Challenger' to Hilo Bay, published in the P. Z. S. for 1878, p. 346, and subsequently in the 'Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger/ pt. 8, p. 93, mentions, under the head of Buteo solitarius, that "two specimens were obtained, but one of them was subsequently lost." The specimen supposed to have been lost has since come to light ; a ticket had been attached to it (apparently through some inadvertent error) which bears an inscription to the following effect : — " $ . Yedo Bay, Japan. Eyes brown ; " and this led to its being misnamed "Buteo japonicus." Both specimens are preserved in the British Museum, and both are undoubtedly referable to B. solitarius. The following are the principal measurements of this second specimen, and they are very nearly identical with those of the female already described and figured in the ' Zoology of the Voyage of the Challenger,' viz. : — in. Wing 11-8 Tarsus 2-8 Middle toe 5. m 1-8 Culmen, exclusive of cere Tl Speaking of the first specimen as no. 1, and of the second as no. 2, I may state that the latter agrees with the former in the scutellation of the tarsus and foot, in the form of the bill, aud in the emargination of the inner webs of the four first primaries; it also agrees in markings and coloration. 142 LIST OF DirRNAL BIRBS OF PREY. with some exceptions, which probably indicate (when con- sidered as a whole) that it is a younger specimen, and which I have thus noted : — In no. 2 the dark cross bars on the pri- maries are only rudimentary ; there is a slight rufous tinge on the sides of the throat and neck, also on the nape and on the least wing-coverts near the carpal joint. In no. 2 all the feathers of the underparts are browner than in no. 1 ; those on the throat are white with rather broad brown centres ; on the upper breast the feathers are similar, but a little darker; those of the lower breast are yellowish white, with large and conspicuous brown shaft-marks ; on the abdomen the feathers are yellowish brown, largely barred and tipped with dark brown, and the crissum is barred with alternate bands of dark and of rufous-brown. In specimen 2 the number of cross bars on the central rectrices is nine, including the subter- minal one, which has been almost obliterated by wear and weather, but on a new rectrice which has appeared the bars are much less distinct than on the older. In no. 2 the under wing-coverts, excepting the lowest row, and also the axillaries are much darker and more rufous than in no. 1 ; and this colour extends in no. 2 to the edge of the wing, where the corresponding feathers in no. 1 are of a nearly immaculate cream-colour. I may add that, in a communication which I recently received from Mr. S. B. Dole, of Honolulu, that gentleman, referring to this species, writes that ''it frequents the ocean and builds in inaccessible places.^' Al'PKXDIX O. 143 APPENDIX G. On Buteo leucops and Buteo galapagensis. Amongst the synonyms of Buteo galapagensis Mr. Sliarpe places B. leucops of G. R. Gray^ a name given by Mr. Gray to a single specimen in the British Museum which was col- lected during the voyage of the 'Beagle/ and was thus entered in the list of specimens of Bu'ds in the British Museum, published in ISJrrt : — " The Galapagos Buzzard, Buteo galapagoensis, Craxirex galapagoensis, Gould, Voy. of Beagle, Zool. t. 2. {a) Galapagos Archijjclago, presented by Sir W. Burnett and Capt. Fitzroy, R.N.^'' In the next edition of the museum list, published in 1848, the title of this specimen was altered to " Buteo leucops, the White-faced Buzzard," no. 13, p. 36; in Mr. Gray's 'Hand-list' (1869) it appears as '' Tachy trior chis leucops," no. 64, and as distinct from " Craxirex galapagoensis," no. 47. I have recently examined this specimen without being able entirely to satisfy myself as to the species to which it really belongs. It is a very young bird, as is proved by the appear- ance of the corners of the mouth and by the bases of the primaries being still in their sheaths ; it bears a general resemblance in coloration to the first plumage of both B. galapagensis and B. erythronotus, differing, however, from any specimen which I have seen of either in that dress in being much less variegated on the interscaj^ular and upper scapular feathers, that appearance being caused by the fulvous edgings to those feathers being in jB. leucops ex- tremely narrow and inconspicuous. In the first plumage of Buteo erythronotus all the tints of 144 LIST OF DrUENAL BIEDS OF PKET. brown, both the darker and also the paler and more fnlvous, are decidedly less intense than in B. galapagensis of a cor- responding age ; and in this respect B. leucops resembles the immature B. erythronotus , as it also does in its narrow white frontlet, which is entirely absent in all the immatui'e speci- mens that I have seen of B. galapagensis. The dimensions of B. leucops agree fairly with those of the smaller males of B. erythronotus, but differ from those of the males of B. galapagensis in the following particulars, viz. the tarsus in B. leucops is a little longer, but the measurements of the middle toe, the wing, and the bill are all less ; it should, however, be added that immature examples of B. galapagensis only partially exhibit the remarkable develop- ment of the bill which especially characterizes the adults of that species. On the whole, I incline to the opinion that B. leucops should be referred to B. erythronotus rather than to B. gala- pagensis, or it may possibly be the young of some South- American species distinct from both^ If it be not a young B. galapagensis, the locality assigned to it is probably, through some accident, a mistaken one. I have taken the annexed measurements (p. 145) of the specimens of Buteo galapagensis now in the British Mviseum and in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, and also of the specimen which bears the name of Buteo leucops, to which I have added, for comparison, those of two males of Buteo erythronotus, preserved in the Norwich Museum, one being quite a young specimen, and the other an adult. * In B. leucops the first three primaries only are emarginated, in which it resembles the other Buzzards of the group to which it belongs. APPENDIX G. 145 Wing. Tarsus. Middle toe s. u Culmen exclusive of cere. Lower mandible from gape. Depth of upper mandible next the cere. Buteo galapagensis. in. in. in. in. in. in. Females ascertaiued or presumed. Adult specimens : Ahin^'-don Island 17-30 3-05 2-20 1-40 1-80 0-60 Indefatigable Island .... 17-40 2-80 1-90 1-40 1-80 0-60 Immature specimens : The Galapagos 17-15 3-00 2-00 1-30 1-75 0-55 Indefatigable Island .... 17-40 2-70 2-00 1-40 1-55 0-55 Ditto 16-80 3-10 2-00 1-30 1-70 0-65 Males ascertained or presumed. Adult specimens : The Galapagos 1505 2-80 1-80 1-30 1-45 0-50 Abingdon Island 15-60 2-70 2-00 1-25 1-55 0-55 Indefatigable Island .... 15-90 270 2-05 1-35 1-65 0-55 Immature specimen : Indefatigable Island .... 15-60 2-50 1-75 1-10 1-35 0-55 Buteo leucops (type) 14-50 3-00 1-30 0-90 1-30 0-30 Young male of "^. erythro- nofus 14-55 3-05 1-50 0-90 1-30 0-45 Adult male of B. erythro- notus lo-O 3-00 1-50 1-05 1-25 0-50 146 LIST OF DIUENAL BIRDS OF PREY. APPENDIX H. On the Genus Buteola. The genus Buteola has^ as stated by Mr. Sharpe at p. 158 of his Catalogue^ a '^distinct central tubercle^' in the nostril, which I think is a sufficient ground for separating it from the genus Buteo, even when the latter term is used in the somewhat wide sense in which I have employed it ; this tubercle is^, however^ usually destroyed in the preparation of the skin^ and is^ in consequence, imperceptible in the majority of specimens. As regards the melanistic phase of Buteola brachyura, I think that its existence is proved by a completely melanistic male from Veragua in the possession of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, in which the nostrils most distinctly show the characteristic central tubercle. In the "^Ibis' for 1876 I endeavoured (at pp. 477 and 478) to define the differences which I then thought might be traced between Buteo fuUginosus, Sclater, and the melanistic state of Buteola brachyura ; but I now believe that these dif- ferences are merely individual and not specific, and that this being so, Buteo fulif/inosus must sink into a synonym of Buteola brachyura : this view, in which Mr. Salvin concurs, is more fully explained in a letter written by me, which will be found quoted in Mr. Ridgway^s paper on this subject, published in the 6th volume of the ' Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club,^ p. 207. Mr. Ridgway, in this article, mentions that he had never seen a specimen of B. brachyura in which the coloration was intermediate between the normal and the melanistic plumage ; and I may therefore mention that such a specimen, a male from Jalapa in Mexico, exists in the Norwich Museum : this example is melanistic through- APPETTDTX H. 147 out, except that the black on the underparts is varied by longitudinal markings of white, or pale fulvous, on the edges of most of the feathers ; there is also an admixture of fulvous on the ear-coverts, and of white on the under wing-coverts, the sides of the upper tail-coverts, the basal portions of the nuchal feathers, and very slightly on the thighs, which latter are also indistinctly cross-barred with rufous. I have given, in my Notes {' Ibis,^ 1876, p. -179), the mea- surements of several specimens, all of which I now consider to be referable to B. brachyura ; since then the Norwich Museum has acquired one, and Messrs. Salvin and Godman three additional examples, the dimensions of which I subjoin : — Wing. Distance from tip of tertials to tip of primaries. Tarsus. Middle toe s. u. Melanistic : Norwich Museum ; Costa Rica in. 12-40 11-85 1310 12-55 in. 3-60 3-40 3-20 4-30 ill. 2-20 2-10 2-35 2-20 in. 1-70 1-GO 1-65 1-50 Collection of Salvin and Godman ; U. S. Co- lombia (marked S by collector) Normal : Adult ; Bolivia Immature : Costa Rica I was not aware, when I referred in my notes to a nearly allied species, which stands there and in Mr. Sharpens ' Cata- logue ' as " Asturina leucorrhoa,'^ that it, like the last-named species, has a central nasal tubercle, which, when uninjured, resembles in its position that of Buteola brachyura, and which I think is a reason for considering it a second member of the latter genus, though not a typical one. I believe that its true position is that of a connecting link between Buteola brachyura and the genus Rupornis, which latter it resembles in having slightly shorter wings, in proportion, than B. brachyura, and the iris yellow instead of brown, as in B. brachyura. s2 148 LIST OF DIXTRNAL BIRDS OF PREY. APPENDIX I. On Urubitinga zonura and Urubitinga ridgwayi. Mr. RidgwaYj in the article in his ' Studies of American Falconidse' relating to Urubitinga zonura, remarks: — ''The South-American and Middle-American specimens of this species are so easily distinguished that they seem to be separable as well-marked geographical races " ; and he adds a summary of the diflferences which he has observed between the two races. Some of these do not appear to me to be sufficiently constant and distinct to be much relied on ; but the following, which I have noted on a comparison of eight adult or nearly adult specimens of the southern with eight of the northern race, may, I think, be accepted as a sufficient justification for regarding the latter, which inhabits Mexico and Guatemala, as a subspecies distinct from the southern U. zonura, the range of which extends from Costa Rica southward, to Chili. I propose, as the difference between the two races was first pointed out by Mr. Ridgway, to indicate that circumstance by attaching to the more r.orthern of the two the subspecific designation " ridgivayi ;" and I think that U. ridgwayi may be defined as distinguishable fi'om U. zonura, when fully adult, by the greater proportion of white mingled with the black plumage of the under wing- coverts and of the tibiae, and by the larger number of alter- nate black and white cross bars on the tail, as also by the comparative average narrowness of the white bar immediately above the subterminal black bar on the tail. The following particulars of the specimens which I have examined, and which are contained in the Norwich Museum and in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman, may serve to exhibit more clearly the peculiarities of the two races when adult (in their immature plumage they do not seem to me to be distinguishable). It will be seen that the APPENDIX I. 149 details here given relate to the coloration of the under wing- coverts^ to that of the tibial feathers^ and the proportionate dimensions of the cross bars on the tail : — Urubitinga zonura. White base to First Next bar Following bar White tail. black bar. (white). (black). tip. No. 1. " South America." in. in. in. in. in. — Thighs speckled with white, and wing--linings very slightly so None. 0-90 2-70 3-30 0-60 No. 2. " South America." — (but in- distinct). Thighs and -rtdng-liuings black, with no admixture of white; white base of tail mottled with black .. MO 1-60 3-00 3-60 0-30 No. 3. Chili.— Thighs and wing-linings as in No. 2. None. 0-60 3-70 3-20 0-40 No. 4. United States of Colombia. — Thighs speckled with white, but no white on the wing- linings None. 1-00 2-CO 3-90 0-50 No. 5. Sarayacu, Ecua- dor ; perhaps not quite adidt.— Thighs slightly speckled with white ; wing-linings entirely black, except one white spot MO 1-60 1-50' 4-50 0-30 No. 6. Maroni River, Su- rinam . — Thighs shghtly speckled on their inner surface ; no white on the wing-linings None. 0-30 (but in- distinct). 4-40 3-80 0-50 No. 7. Panama; not quite adult. — Thighs and wing- linings much barred with white, indicating remains of immaturitj^, which are also apparent on the breast None. 1-40 3-40 3-10 0-50 No. 8. Nicoya, Costa Rica. — Thighs barred with white, and wing-linings slightly speckled with the same MO MO 3-90 2-60 0-40 ^ This bar is narrower than in any other specimen I have seen, and is slightly mottled with brown on the sides of the central rectrices. 150 LIST OF DIURXAL BIRDS OF PREt. JJruhiimga ridgwayi. White base to tail. First black bar. Next bar (white). Second black bar. Next bar (white). Third black bar. White tip. No. 1. Guatemala ; not fully adult. — Thighs and wing-liuings much barred with white in. None. None. None. in. 0-60 1-10 1-30 in. 0-50 0-30 0-40 in. 1-40 1-60 L70 in. L30 1-20 2-00 in. 3-10 3-10 3-00 in. 0-40 0-20 0-20 No. 2. Savana Grande, Pa- citic coast of Guatemala ; adult. — Thighs baiTed and wing-liuings speckled with white No. 3. Coban, Guatemala ; adult.— Like No. 2 No. 4. Sonata, Chiapas, South Mexico ; J adult. — Thighs barred and wing-linings very slightly speckled with white .... None. 1-00 0-20 2-00 1-40 3-00 0-20 No. 5. Sonata ; $ adult.— Thighs and wing-linings speckled with white. . . . No. 6. Sonata ; S adult. — Like No. 5 None. None. 0-40 None, 1-00 LOO 0-80 1-10 0-20 (but in- distinct) 0-30 (but in- distinct) 0-40 0-40 2-00 1-60 1-20 l-oO 1-70 1-30 l-oO loO 3-40 2-60 3-70 3-50 0-40 0-30 0-30 0-40 No. 7. Presidio, Mexico: 2 adult.— Like Nos. 5 and 6 No. 8. Presidio; $, not fully adult; shot fi-om her nest, with eggs, Srd May APrKNDIX J. 151 APPENDIX J. On the Changes of Plumage in certain Specimens of Pernis apivorus. Towards the end of September and early in October 1881, a considerable migratory arrival of Honey-Buzzards occurred in Norfolk and in other counties of the east of England ; all the specimens which I saw were birds of the year, and three such, captured in Norfolk on the 24'th and 28th September, were brought to me alive. I propose to record a few notes respecting these specimens. No. 1 (caught at Southrepps) was one of the darkest specimens I have ever seen, the entire plumage being a very dark brown, with somewhat of a purplish gloss upon the mantle, the irides being also of a very dark brown. No. 2 (caught at Filby) was a similarly coloured bird, but not quite so dark as No. 1, and in one respect less whole- coloured, the shafts of the breast-feathers being slightly, though perceptibly, darker than the other portions of the feathers ; this bird had irides of a dark lead-colour. No. 3 (caught at Trimingham) was a much paler bird than either No. 1 or No. 2 ; its colour was a cinnamon-brown, but with a slight variation of tint in the feathers of the head ; its irides were bluish grey. The three birds were very indistinctly marked upon the tail, the cross bars being least observable in the two darker specimens. On January 25, 1882, 1 made a note of some slight changes in all three specimens, though none of them had then moulted. In No. 1 the scapulars had become slightly paler, and the inner webs of the median and greater wing-coverts decidedly 152 LIST OF DItTENAL BIRDS OF PREY. SO ; the irides had become a less intensely dark brown, and had acquired a tinge of bluish. In No. 2 the dark shaft- marks on the breast had become more distinctly visible in contrast to the other portions of the feathers, the latter having apparently faded; the tips of the median, also the tips and visible portions of the inner web of the greater wing-coverts and the tips of the secondaries and tertials had all become more or less white ; the irides had become bluish grey. In No. 3 the cheeks had become noticeably paler ; white bases and slight white tips had become visible on the scapulars, and the irides had become a shade lighter. On April 1, 1882, 1 made the following note : — " The irides of all three have now assumed a greyish-yellow stone-colour or pale straw-colour, but they are still darker in No. 1 than in Nos. 2 and 3 ; none of the three have moulted, and the plumage of Nos. 2 and 3 has not perceptibly changed since January; but No. 1 has become very much paler, and its plumage, though it does not appear to be worn, seems a good deal faded.""^ Towards the latter part of May 1882 the birds began to moult ; but before the end of that month Nos. 2 and 3 died without having undergone further changes. By the end of July 1 882 No. 1 was in full moult ; and on September 4, 1882, 1 made a memorandum as to the remark- able changes which it had then undergone, to the following effect : — " The head has become white, with a dark brown centre to each feather, except on the cheeks and ear-coverts, which are pure white, and excepting also a brown patch between the bill and the eye, extending for nearly half an inch above the eye and also slightly behind it; on the neck also the feathers are now white, with larger dark centres than those on the head; the upper scapulars and inter- scapulars are dark brown, broadly tipped with white; the lower scapulars are dark brown, that colour being deepest near the tips; the lesser and median coverts are not yet moulted, but the new feathers of the greater coverts are brown, intermingled with white ; the secondaries and tertials are of a median brown, with two cross bars and the shaft- APPENDIX J. 153 mark of a darker brown and a white tip ; the tail is a rather pale brown, with four very distinct cross bars of dark brown ; the upper breast is pure white, except on the centres of the feathers, which are marked with brown sagittate spots of various sizes, but mostly large in proportion to the size of the feather ; the lower breast is not yet moulted, and is a rather pale faded brown ; the abdomen is white, mingled with brown, the latter being apparently a remnant of unmoulted plumage ; the under wing-coverts and the under tail-coverts are white, transversely barred with brown/ ^ This bird^s moult was suspended, soon after the date of the above memorandum, before it was completed, and it was not resumed till May 1883 ; it was still progressing in July, but I then noted that there was no further change of colour except as regards the following points — the brown mark adjacent to the eye had disappeared ; some of the white feathers on the cheek had acquired dark centres; some new feathers had appeared amongst the median wing-coverts, and were dark brown tipped with white; the portion of the secondaries between the dark bars became decidedly tinged with grey, the flanks and abdomen white, with broad transverse bars of brown ; the irides continued to be of a very pale straw- colour, with an extremely slight tinge of green. Between July 1883 and January 1884 the moult progressed very slowly and without producing any noticeable change of colouring; the irides, however, have become, during the interval, rather more decidedly yellow; no tinge of grey has as yet appeared either on the lores or elsewhere on the head. The bird appears very healthy, and has been fed on rats and mice, small birds, sparrows' eggs, frogs, and wasps' grubs, according to the season. 154 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. APPENDIX K. On the Birds of the Genus Baza inhabiting the Solomon Islands and the New Britain Group. Mr. E, P. Ramsay lias pointed out tliat the Baza inliabiting the Solomon Islauds should be regarded as subspecifically distinct from the nearly allied and widely distributed B. rein- ivardti; and he has done me the honour of attaching my name to this new subspecies. In the ' Journal of the Linnean Society^ (Zoology), vol. xvi. p. 130, Mr, Ramsay remarks that B. gurneyi differs from the typical B. reinwardti " in having a paler head and neck, in having an almost pure white under surface, and in the bars being narrower, fewer, and of a darker tint.'^ He also mentions that the under wing-coverts are white_, except "a faint tinge of buff on the median under-coverts/' in which respect they differ from the decidedly buff-coloured under- cover ts of the typical B. reinwardti. I have only examined one specimen of B. gurneyi, an adult male, collected on Russell Island, in the Solomon Group, by Lieut. Richards, R.N., and kindly lent me by Canon Tristram. This specimen exhibits the peculiarities above referred to ; the pale grey tint of the nuchal and inter- scapular feathers reaches lower down on the back than is usual in the typical B. reinwardti, though in one of the specimens of the latter preserved in the Norwich Museum (a bird from Dorey, not fully adult) it is equally extended ; the cross bars on the under surface are decidedly darker in the Russell Island specimen than in any example that has come under my notice of B. reiiiivardti , though I have seen some of the latter with the bars quite as narrow and as few APPENDIX K. 155 as in the Russell Island bird, and with the interspaces quite as white. The distinguishing features of B. gurneyi appear to me to be the white under wing-coverts, the very dark hue of the transverse pectoral and abdominal bands, and the compara- tively great extent of the grey tint on the interscapular region. Some remarks of mine on a Baza from the New Britain Group' will be found in the 'Proceedings of the Zoological Society '' for 1879, p. 450. This specimen, which is now in the possession of Captain Wardlaw Ramsay, to whose kindness I have been indebted for an opportunity of re-examining it, agrees with B. gurneyi in the extended nuchal grey colouring and in the white under wing-coverts (which latter peculiarity was noted by Count Salvadori in the ' Ibis ' for 1879, p. 318), but differs from it in the transverse bars on the underparts being broad and of a pale grey instead of narrow and of a dark blackish slate-colour; these bars are decidedly wider and of a paler grey in this specimen, even than in the typical B. reinwardti, from which, as well as from B. gurneyi, I believe the New Britain bird to be subspecifically distinct, though it may be wise to wait for additional specimens before proposing for it a separate subspecific designation. ^ For the dimensions of this specimen see ' Ibis,' 1880, p. 466. 156 LIST OF DIUBNAL BIRDS OF PREY. APPENDIX L. Oil Tinnun cuius arthuri. In the list of a collection of birds from Mombasa, which I contributed to the 'Ibis' for 1881 [vide ^. 124)^ a Kestrel Avas included wbich was not sexed by the collector, but which, on a too cursory examination, I took to be a " female in worn plumage *' of T. alaudarius. I subsequently alluded to this specimen, in a footnote to p. 457 of the same volume, as being "remarkable for having narrow brown transverse bars on the sides of the breast;" and at p. 462 I gave its principal measurements, showing that it has a shorter wing than twenty males of T. alaudarius from Europe, Africa, and Asia with which I compared it. I have subsequently given this Kestrel a good deal of con- sideration, and have come to the conclusion that I was wrong in referring it to T. alaudarius, and that I should be equally so were I to refer it to any other species hitherto described ; it comes nearest in its markings to T. rupicoloides, but its much smaller size separates it from that species as decidedly as the peculiarity of its markings, especially on the flanks, distinguishes it from T. alaudarius. I find, on examining six Transvaal males of T. rupicoloides, that the measurement of the wing varies from 10"70 to 11*55 inches, that of the tarsus from 1*85 to 2, and of the middle toe s.u. from 1"20 to 1*35; in the Mombasa Kestrel one wiug measures 9 30 and the other 9*40, the tarsus \'70, and the middle toe s. u. 1*15; as regards markings it resembles, in those of the head, scapulars, and wing-coverts. APPENBIX L. 157 both sexes of T. rupicoloides and also the female of T. alau- darius, the general coloration of these parts corresponding more nearly with the latter than with the former. It also resembles T. alaudarius and differs from T. rupicoloides in the absence of rufous spots or bars from the outer web of the wing-feathers ; but it resembles T. rupicoloides in having the upper tail-coverts banded with alternate transverse bars of dark and pale grey more distinctly than is the case in the great majority of those females of T. alaudarius which exhibit a cross-barring of that description ; each feather on these parts has also a dark shaft-mark. In the markings of the tail it resembles the less adult specimens of T. rupico- loides J these markings consist of six blackish-brown bars, with the tip and the interspaces whitish brown, the latter being much tinged with grey on the basal moiety of the central rectrices. On the under surface of the Mombasa bird its similarity to T. rupicoloides is remarkable; the feathers of the jugulum and upper breast are pale brown, with the dark shaft-marks much narrower than in the female of T. alaudarius, and even narrower than in some specimens of T. rupicoloides; these marks are continued down the centre of the lower breast, the ground-colour of which, as also that of the flanks, is somewhat darker and more rufous than that of the jugulum ; the flanks are crossed with eleven dark transverse bars, of which there are either two or three on each feather of these parts, reaching quite across it ; these bars closely resemble those on the flanks of the adult T. rupi- coloides, but are a little narrower; the abdomen, tibise, and crissum are pale white, tinged with fulvous, and, with the exception of the crissum, exhibit a few minute dark spots ; the axillaries are less coarsely marked than in the female of T. alaudarius, and are in this respect more like those of T. rupicoloides ; and the same remark applies to the under wing-coverts, though in many specimens of T. rupicoloides these are immaculate, which they are not in the Mombasa Kestrel, the latter, like some individuals of T. rupicoloides having this portion of the plumage sparsely variegated with narrow shaft-marks. 158 LIST OP DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. The only specimen which I liave seen of this new Kestrel was sent from Mombasa, on the East- African coast, by Mr. J. W. Handford, to my late relative the Rev. F. Arthur Buxton, who presented it to the Norwich Museum, and in remembrance of whom I propose to call it Tinnunculus arthuri. APPENDIX M. 159 APPENDIX M. On Tinnunculus cenchris and Tinnunculus pekiiiensis. In my notes on T. pekinensis I have briefly described three males of that Kestrel^; and since then the Norwich Museum has acquired another adult male, obtained on March 26th, 1880, by Mr. Inglis at Dilkosha, in Cachar. In this speci- men the entire wing-coverts are grey, with the exception of a very slight sprinkling of rufous on the right wing adjacent to the scapulars, and a still slighter but similar tinge in the same position on the left wing ; the scapulars and inter- scapulars in this bird are of a rich and rather dark rufous, and it may therefore, as regards the upper surface, be con- sidered a very typical example of T. pekinensis ; but below, it is quite as much spotted as an ordinary male of T. cenchris, the total number of dark spots on the under surface being about fifty. The Norwich Museum has also recently acquired a male Kestrel, shot by Mr. Ayres on a farm about 30 miles from Pptchefstroom, in the Transvaal, on January 29th, 1879, which, I think, is not to be distinguished from T. pekinensis, as the entire wing-coverts are grey, with the exception of the inter- mixture of a few rufous feathers (about five on the left wing and one on the right) and a slight tinge of the same hue on the edges and shafts of a few of the grey feathers, especially those of the least coverts. This specimen has a rich rufous mantle, but a shade paler than that of the Dil- kosha Kestrel previously mentioned; on the under surface there are only about ten dark spots, and these are very small and mostly on the flanks. It is, I think, impossible to say with certainty whether this bird is (like many specimens of ' Vide Ibis, 1881, p. 471. 160 LIST OF DITTRNAL BIRDS OF PREY. Erythropus amurensis) an Asiatic migrant to South-east Africa^ in which case it must stand as T. pekinensis, or an abnormally-coloured T. cenchris which had migi^ated from Europe. I have entered it at the Norwich Museum as T. pekinensis, together with a female killed on the same day at the same place (the females of the two races being undis- tinguishable) ; but I am by no means sure that I am right in this, as another male Kestrel, procured at the same spot eight days previously and also sent to me by Mr. Ayres, is a typical T. cenchris. Mr. Ayres noted that the latter species (to which he referred all three specimens) was present on this farm when these birds were shot '' in considerable numbers.^^ I may add that another recent addition to the Norwich Museum is an adult male of T. cenchris, which is quite typical as regards the extent of rufous on the wing-coverts, but entirely immaculate on the under surface. This speci- men was obtained in Sicily in the month of June. On the whole it would seem that T. cenchris and T. pekin- ensis are geographical races of the same species, perhaps subspecifically separable, but with the line of demarcation between them by no means very constant or distinct. Since the above remarks were penned, another Kestrel, in adult male plumage and apparently referable to T. peki- nensis, has been acquired by the Norwich Museum; this Kestrel, which was killed near Potchefstroom by Mr. Ayres, resembles Asiatic examples, as regards the coloration of the wing-coverts, quite as closely as the male previously sent; but it is more spotted on the breast and flanks than is the case in that specimen. APPENDIX N. 1 fi] APPENDIX N. On the Existence in North America of Hierofalco gyrfalco, and its possible Hybridism with H. holboelli. In the ' Iljis ' for 1882, pp. 582, 583, I quoted some memo- randa, which I made in 1870 and 1872, respecting some North-American Gyrfalcons which had been sent to this country for examination from the Smithsonian Institution, and which I was then disposed to consider as not separable from Hierofalco islandus. Subsequently to the completion of my notes on the Gyrfalcons, four of the specimens above referred to, with some others, were, through the good offices of Mr, Hidgway, sent to me for further examination. A careful comparison of these skins with authentic Scandinavian examples of H. gijrfalco considerably modified the views which I had previously entertained, as will be seen by the following memoranda which I made as the result of the comparisons to which I have alluded : — No. 43,144^. Female, ivith four eggs: Fort Anderson (referred to in the 'Ibis' for 1882, pp. 582-584).— This skin corresponds with H. gyrfalco, but not with those speci- mens in which the adult plumage is most fully developed; it agrees with a female of that species, apparently in the plumage of the second year (No. 6 in the Norwich Museum), which was collected by, or for, the late Mr. Wolley at Lang- fjord, in East Finraark, in April or May 1857. The Fin- mark bird has, however, whitish edges to the feathers on the crown of the head, which are wanting in the Fort-Anderson 162 LIST OF DITTRNAL BIRDS OF PREY. Falcon, except upon the forehead ; in the absence of these white edges the Fort-Anderson specimen agrees with two Lapland examples in the Norwich ]Museum, both of which I consider to be more fully adult than that from Langfjord. No. 1564. Alaska. — This Falcon so closely resembles that last mentioned that the same remarks apply to both. No. 51,690. Male: Yukon (referred to in the 'Ibis^ for 1882, p. 584). — This specimen I now refer to H. gyrfalco, and consider its plumage to be very fully adult, more so than that of the two preceding ; it agrees in coloration with an adult female, shot from the nest in Lapland, which was in the collection of the late Mr. Wolley, and is noAV No. 1 of this species in the Norwich Museum. No. 43,142. No locality or sex marked, but apparently a female (referred to in the abis' for 1882, p. 584).— This specimen is in immature plumage as regards the mantle, but elsewhere has assumed adult dress ; it agrees with a female H. gyrfalco in a similar stage of plumage (No. 3 in the Norwich ]Museum), which was obtained in Lapland by Mr. Wolley, having been shot from the nest in March 1855. No. 35,451. Male: Yukon River, June 1862 (referred to in the 'Ibis' for 1882, p. 583). — I examined this specimen in 1872, and then noted that it agreed " very well with a very adult male, from Iceland," of H. islandus, now in the Norwich Museum, and No. 2 in the series of Iceland Falcons there preserved. On my recently rene^-ed comparison of these two specimens, the general agreement of their appearance was obvious; but upon a closer examination I found that the Yukon male differs from the Icelandic in the feathers on the crown of the head being much more narrowly bordered with whitish, and in the pale cross bars on the lower part of the back being greyer and less distinctly white, their colour thus resembling that of the corresponding transverse bars in the adult H. gyrfalco ; but on the interscapular feathers and on those of the lesser and median wing-coverts the light bars are, on the contrary, a decidedly piu-er white than is usual in the Scandinavian adults of H. gyrfalco ; indeed I have only seen one Scandinavian Falcon like it in this respect, and APPENDIX N. 163 I think it possible that this may have had a wrong locality accidentally attached to it^ and may in reality be Icelandic and not Scandinavian. In the white colour of these bars this Yukon Falcon resembles the adults of both H. islandus and of H. holbmlli ; but in their depth^ measured from their upper to their lower edge, it agrees with H. holboelli rather than with H. islandus. The Yukon bird resembles the adults, both of H. islandus and of H. holboelli, in the almost spotless white of the upper breast; but it differs from H. islandus and from the paler adults of H. holboelli in the greater size of the dark spots on the abdomen, and in the cross bars on the tibial feathers, in which it resembles H. gyr- falco and the darker adults of H. holboelli. On the whole this Yukon Falcon seems to me to be a specimen of an intermediate character ; and I suspect that it is one in which the peculiarities of H. gyrfalco have been modified by hybridism with H. holbce.Ui. No. 1524. Alaska. — This is evidently a bird in the first year's plumage ; but from the appearance of the lower back and tail, and also from the spots on the lower scapulars, I should suppose it to be nearly, or perhaps quite, twelve months old ; it resembles the ordinary dress of the Scandi- navian examples of H. gyrfalco at a corresponding age. No. 1486. Alaska. — This bird seems to me to be of similar age to the last, but to resemble the ordinary immature dress of H. holboelli rather than that of H. gyrfalco, notably in the broad white borders to the feathers of the upper part of the head, in the whity-brown edges to all the feathers of the mantle, and also in the decidedly white hue of the pale cross bars on the tail. The result of the comparisons which I have here recorded leads me to agree with the conclusion previously arrived at by Mr. Sharpe and by Mr. Dresser that H. gyrfalco is found in the northern parts, not only of Europe and of Asia, but also of North America. The North-American range of this species, however, has not at present been very clearly ascer- tained, especially to the eastward ; and a similar uncertainty exists as to the western limits of H. holboelli, as also to the x2 164 LIST OF DIT7BNAL BIRDS OF PKEY. localities, if such there be, where both races occur and where hybridism may perhaps result from such propinquity. As I have already mentioned in my Notes, the Norwich Museum possesses three immature Falcons from Hudson^s Bay, and these I believe to be referable to H. gyrfalco ; but as they are not in adult dress, I do not feel absolutely certain of the cor- rectness of this identification : the question of the geogra- phical range of these Falcons is one which I think afibrds an interesting subject for further investigation, and which I trust will receive the attention that it merits. APPENDIX 0. 165 APPENDIX O. On the Identity of Accipiter nisoides, Blytk, Accipiter gularis {Temm. ^ Schleg.), and Accipiter stevensoui, Gum. ; also on Accipiter virgatus {Temm.) and its two Subspecies, Accipiter aflBnis_, Hodgson, and Accipiter manillensis, Meyen. The following remarks would have been inserted in an earlier portion of this volume^ but for the circumstance that it was only very recently that I had the opportunity of examining two adult males and an adult female (all obtained in Japan) of the Hawk for which, in the abis' for 1863, p. 447, I proposed the specific name of " stevensonij" One of these specimens, procured at Tate-yama, was very kindly lent to me by Mr. Blakiston, and the other two form part of a valuable collection of Japanese Raptores lately pre- sented to the Norwich Museum by Mr. Ringer, who obtained them at or near Nagasaki. The fact, with which I thus became acquainted, of the occurrence in Japan of Accipiter stevensoni has suggested to my mind that the description and plate of "Astur (Nisus) gularis'' in the ' Fauna Japonica^ represents my Accipiter stevensoni, and not, as I had previously supposed, the large northern form of Accipiter virgatus. The examination of the adult specimens from Japan to which I have just referred, and of several immature Japanese examples in the Norwich Museum and in the collection of Mr. Blakiston, has confirmed my present belief that A. stevensoni is not separable from the true A. gularis. 1 66 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. The figure of the female of A. gularis in the ' Fauna Japonica' agrees with the adult female of A. stevensoni ; that of the male is not altogether so satisfactory^ and the gular stripe in both figures is too coarsely delineated; it is, how- ever_, more accurately defined in the accompanying letterpress as " une fine raie longitudinalej" and merely consists in the adult birds of a few hair-like and inconspicuous streaks. In the figure of the male the rufous colouring of the breast is represented of a deeper hue than exists in the great majo- rity of adult males, though I have seen three in which the breast was more or less decidedly rufescent^ A third point in which the figure of the male bird in the ' Fauna Japonica' ajipears to me to be open to criticism is the very dark colouring of the cross bars on the lower flank ; I do not recollect to have observed this peculiarity in any of the males that I have examined, the normal colouring of these bars in the adult male being much paler than is represented in the ' Fauna Japonica.' The publication of the description and plate of A. gularis in the ' Fauna Japonica' took place, according to Mr. Sharpe's Catalogue, in 1850 ; but three years earlier the late Mr. Blytli had described a Hawk from Malacca under the name of "Accijjiter nisoides/' respecting which he wrote thus in the 'Ibis' for 1865, p. 28: — "Accipiter {Nisus) gularis, Temm. & Schl. (Fauna Japonica), is identical with Accipiter nisoides, nobis, from the Malayan peninsula ; " and again, in a footnote to p. 240 of the 'Ibis' for 1866, "I recognize in the figure of the female A. gularis an exact representation of my A. nisoides." In this footnote Mr. Blyth quoted his original description of A. nisoides, which seems to me to bear out his view as to its identity with A. gularis; and, if I am correct in this con- clusion, the synonymy of the species will stand thus : — Accipiter nisoides, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 727 (1847). ' These are a male from Cochin China and one from East Timor in the British Museum, and the tj'pe oi ^' Accipiter stevensoni''^ from Pekin, in the Norwich Museum. APPENDIX 0. 167 Astur (Nisus) ffularis, Teraminck & Schlegel, Faun. Japou., Aves, p. 5, pi. 2 (1850). Accipiter stevensoni, Gurney^ Ibis, 1863, p. 447, pi. 11. I have been favoured by Mr. Blakiston with the following wing-measurements of specimens of this Hawk collected in Japan : — Nine adult males from 6'30 to 6'90 inches. Six immature males from 6'."J0 to 6*70 „ One adult female 7*70 „ Seven immature females . . from 7'.30 to 7*70 „ The following are measurements of Japanese examples taken by myself : — Wing. Tarsus. ^''^^^^ ° toe s. u. in, in. in. ( 6-50 1-85 1-10 Three adult males < to to to / 6-80 1-9.5 1-15 a 1 1 • • + 1 6-50 1-85 Mo Seven presimied males in mimatm-e ) . , , dress \ *° ^"^ *^ "^^^^ 1 6-85 1-95 1-30 Adult female 7-55 2-00 1-45 Adult female 7-55 2-05 1-35 Eight presumed females in immature y , ^'^^^^ 1 8-20 2-15 1-40 A ninth immature female, which I have measured, so materially exceeds the above in its wing-measurement, that I think it well to give its dimensions separately, viz. : — Wing. Tarsus. f'^^^^ ° toe s. u. in. in. in. 8-75 2-20 1-40 This specimen, which is preserved in the Norwich Museum, "was obtained from the Messrs. Verreaux, and bears the locality of Japan in the handwriting of the late Jules Verreaux; in plumage it differs but very slightly from a young female collected at Yokohama, which is also preserved 168 LIST OF DIUENAL BIRDS OF PEET. at Norwich^ and I therefore believe that it has been correctly identified. It may be desirable to compare these measurements of Japanese specimens with the following, which I have taken from adults of the same species obtained in other countries : — Wing. Tarsus. J^^^^^^ ° toe s. u. in. in. in. ( 6-4o 1-70 1-00 Six males, China s to to to 16-80 l-8o ]-10 Male, Cochin China 6-55 1-90 110 Male, Malacca Quo 1-85 1-10 Male, East Timor 6*45 1-85 1-20 (7-70 1-90 1-20 Five females, China < to to to ( 7-85 2-05 1-30 Female, Zamboanga, Philippine Is-"! -._^ -.,0-7 l-lfii lands J "^ Female, Singapore 7-25 2-00 1-15 Female, Java 7-40 2-00 l-lo Female, Java 7*45 1'90 l'2o Female, Sumatra 7-6o 1-90 1-35 OS coast of Cochin China 7-85 2-00 l-3o As already remarked, I have hitherto supposed the Japanese Hawk, which I now refer to Accipiter nisoides, to be identical ■ndth the northern race of Accipiter vir gains : I was chiefly led into this error by the lack of adult examples from Japan, and by the circumstance that the majority of immature specimens of A. nisoides in the first yearns plumage greatly resemble A. virgatus at a corresponding age; but I am now of opinion that all the Japanese and Chinese Sparrow-Hawks of the genus Accipiter which I have examined (exclusive of specimens of A. nisus) should be referred to A. nisoides ; but all those that I have seen from Formosa to the large Himalayan race of A. virgatus, for which I propose, as subsequently to be explained, to use Hodgson^s subspecific name of " affinis." ' The measurements of this specimen are extracted from the 'Pro- ceedings of the Zoological Society " for 1878, p. 938. APPENDIX 0. 169 An adult o£ the large race^ apparenth' a femalej obtained in Native Sikkim and sent to this country by Mr. Hume, was described in ' Stray Feathers/ vol. viii. p. 440^ by Mr. Sharpe in the following words : — " General colour brown^ with a bronzy gloss ; the feathers of the back somewhat greyish on their edges ; head deep slaty grey ; sides of face and ear-coverts chocolate-brown ; the hinder part of the cheeks somewhat washed with tawny where they adjoin the sides of the neck ; throat white^ with a few ashy blackish feathers forming a streak down the centre ; the cheeks also slightly streaked with ashy black ; rest of under surface white ; the under tail-coverts entirely so; the breast blotched with pale tawny rufous; in the centre feathers these markings being in the form of broad streaks^ in some of them broken up into bai's^ forming a luiif orm surface on the sides of the upper breast ; the whole of the breast, belly, and flanks barred with pale tawny rufous ; the bars of about equal width ; under wing-coverts yellowish white, spotted with brown, the greater series and axillaries barred across with brown, resembling the inner lining of the quills, which are yellowish white at base, greyish at tip, crossed with distinct broad bars of darker brown; wing- coverts above brown like the back ; quills light brown, barred across with darker brown, the bars being six in number on the primaries, not including the dark end of the feather ; tail-feathers ashy brown, crossed with four broad blackish bands, on the outermost feather seven, not counting the dark ending to the feather. Total length 13*5 inches, culmen 0*95, wing 8"35, tail 6*8, tarsus 2*3, middle toe 1*55,^' Mr. Hume has given the following additional wing-mea- surements of Himalayan examples of this race in ' Stray Feathers,' vol. ix. p. 231, under the name of " Accipiter gularis " : — in. in. Nine males 7-60 to 7-80 Eight females 8-00 to 8-20 The following are measurements of presumed females of 170 LIST OF DIURNAL BIKDS OF PKEY. this large race taken by myself from specimens obtained in different localities not far removed from the Himalayan range : — TXT- m Middle Wmg. Tarsug. ^^^ ^ ,^^ in. in. in. Sciude 8-25 2-10 1-50 Sikkim 8-40 2-40 1-55 Ditto 8-50 210 1-60 Nepal 8-05 2-15 1-55 Ditto 8-10 2-20 1-50 Assam 8-40 2-40 1-55 I have also measured the following specimens from For- mosa in the Norwich Museum and in the collection of Mr. Seebohm, who has kindly lent me his examples : — Males. Wing. Tarsus. Middle toe s. M. m. in. m. Immatui •ft ... G-ro 205 1-30 Ditto (sex marked i3.y Mr. Swinh loe) , ... 6-80 2-15 1-50 Ditto. ditto. . . . . ... 7-15 2-05 Imperfect, Adidt ditto. . . . . ... 7-15 2-10 1-40 Adult . . . ... 6-90 210 1-30 Adult . . . . . . G-90 Female. 2-10 1-25 Adult . . .... 8-70 2-20 1-40 It is remarkable that while the only Formosan female I have seen is larger than any of the Himalayan females above referred to, the Formosan males are, on the contrary, smaller than the Himalayan, though, with one exception, they exceed in size the males of the typical A. virgatus. This female from Formosa, which is preserved in the Norwich Museum, agrees generally with Mr, Sharpens description, which I have quoted above, of a female from Native Sikkim; but the following particulars as to the APPENDIX 0. 171 markings on the under surface of tlie Forraosan female will show that some few differences exist, leading, I think, to the inference that the Formosan is the older bird of the two : — On the throat and on the central portion of the jugu- luni the feathers are black, edged with white ; the sides of the jugulum and upper breast are chocolate-brown, but the central portion of the upper breast exhibits alternate trans- verse bands of dark brown and of white, the white bars being so extended as somewhat to encroach upon the lateral area of chocolate-brown ; similarly alternating cross bars of brown and white extend over the remainder of the breast, the abdo- men, the flanks, and the thighs ; on the under tail-coverts the brown bars are imperfect, and much more widely sepa- rated, the white interspaces being in consequence con- siderably larger. In the adult Formosan males the patch of chocolate-brown, which in the female just described exists on either side of the jugulum, extends downwards by the side of the breast, and in one specimen by the side of the abdomen also, and considerably contracts the central space occupied by the alternate brown and white bands ; the white cross bars on tlie thighs are also narrower in the males than in the females, and in one male the under tail-coverts are entirely white. The larger form chiefly difi'ers, as regards coloration, from the typical A. virgatus (the range of which is decidedly more southern, though both races inhabit the most northerly parts of India') in the bright rufous which usually charac- terizes the under surface of the old males of A. virgatus, being replaced in those of the Northern race by a non-rufous chocolate-brown. In size the typicalJ^. virgatus is decidedly the smaller race of the two ; combining measurements of this form recorded by Mr, Sharpe in ' Stray Feathers/ vol. viii. p. 441, by Mr. ^ Mr. Hume states that tlie larger race " occui's in the Himalayas from Sikkim to Mussoorie," and that " the true virgatus also occurs in this same region, and also further west in the Himalayas." ( Vide * Stray Feathers,' vol. ix. p. 231.) 172 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OP PREY. Hume in vol. ix. p. 231, and by Major Legge in the 'Birds of Ceylou/ p. 26, with others taken by myself, I have arrived at the following results : — Mules. Wiug. in. One, Darjeeling 6' 50 One, Malabar 6-20 I 6-00 Six, Ceylon { to ^ I 6-40 One, Pegu 6'7o One, Malacca 6-70 I 5-80 Three, Java \ to 5-90 Middle toe s. «. in. in. 1-85 l-3o l-9o 1-20 1-80 110 to to 205 1-25 1-85 1-25 1-90 1-25 1-70 1-15 to 1-90 Females. Wing. One, Madras 7-50 I 7-30 Three, Andamans < to \ 7-50 Four, Malay Peninsula and I , Singapore j 7.5Q Tarsus. 2-25 Middle toe s. u. 1-40 I am disposed to think that it is justifiable to adopt, as a subspecific designation for the large Northern race of A. vir- gatus, Hodgson's name of '^ affinis." " Accipiter affinis, Hodgson,^' was published without a description in Gray^s ' Zoological Miscellany ' for 1844, p. 81, and was based on No, 35 of the series of coloured di'awings presented by Mr. Hodgson to the British Museum ; a skin is also preserved in the Museum which is believed to be the original of that drawing. Mr. Seebohm, who has kindly examined this specimen at my request, informs me that it is " apparently a young male APPENDIX 0, 173 A. virgatus," with a wing-measurement of 7*40 inches. The specimen is not sexed, neither is the sex noted on the drawings and the bird may therefore be either a young male of the larger or a young female of the smaller race. The locality whence it was obtained is^ however^ recorded as Nepal, and it may therefore very probably be a male of the larger form. Under these circumstances it seems to me to be better to apply Hodgson''s name of "affinis" to the larger race than to coin for it a new subspecific designation; and I have accordingly adopted that course in the present volume. Accipiter affinis is not the only geographical race which apparently merits subspecific distinction from the typical A. virgatus; the nearly allied Hawk of the Philippine Islands (which should probably bear the subspecific name of " manillensis, Meyen/' included in Mr. Sharpens 'Catalogue^ amongst the synonyms of A. virgatus) is remarkable for liaving the rufous colouring of the breast as strongly deve- loped in the adult female as in the male, which I believe is never the case in the typical A. virgatus^ ; and, in addition to this, it also differs from A. virgatus in the somewhat browner and less slaty tint of the upper surface, and in the dark gular stripe being, in some adult specimens, much less distinctly marked. The type specimen of Meyen^s " Nisus manillensis," which was obtained, as its name indicates, at Manilla, is preserved in the Berlin Museum, where it was examined by Mr. Sharpe, who informs me that it is, in his opinion, an imma- ture specimen of the race above referred to; and I adopt the name accordingly, though I have not seen a specimen altogether agreeing with Meyeu's figure, which probably represents, and perhaps not very accurately, a stage of plu- mage intermediate between that of the first year and that which the bird finally assumes. ^ Major Legge, writing of A. virgatus as fouud in Ceylon, where it attains a very rufous plumage on the underparts, remarks that '' the female appears never to acquire the uniform rufous breast of the male " (vide 'Birdsof Ceylon,'p. 28). 174 LIST OF DTTJRNAL BIRDS OF PREY. I have examined four adults of this subspecies, from which I have taken the followiii": measurements : — Wing. _ Middle toe Tarsus. g_ ^^_ No. 1. British Museum, from Philippine Islands, collected by Mr. Cuming; presum- ably cJ in. 6-25 in. 2 00 2-00 2-10 2-20 in. 1-15 1-25 1-40 1-40 No. 2. CollectionofCapt. Ward- law Ramsay, from Manilla ; presumably (^ 0-90 7-10 7-30 No. 3. Collection of Capt.Ward- law Ramsay, from Zambo- anga; marked $ by Mr. Everett No. 4. British Museum, from Philippine Islands, collected by Mr. Cuming; presum- atilv 9 Specimen No. 3 in the above list was sent to the late Lord Tweeddale, together with two very young birds, probably of this species, and a typical adult female of A. nisoides [= stevensoni), all four having been obtained by Mr. Everett within ten miles of Zamboanga, in the Island of Mindanao, in April 1878 : the four skins were kindly lent to me by Lord Tweeddale, and I expressed an opinion, which I now tind to have been erroneous, that they were all referable to "Accipiter stevensoni" thinking that the bird which I now consider is an adult of manillensis was probably a somewhat abnormal female of the species which I had called A. stevensoni, though I was so far doubtful of such being the case that I wrote to Lord Tweeddale that "if it should ultimately prove distinct it would by no means surprise me.''^ Lord Tweeddale described the four skins in the '^Pro- ceedings of the Zoological Society," 1878, p. 938, also figuring very accurately, at pi. 57 of that volume, the specimen now under consideration ; and, acting on my mistaken suggestion, he applied to all four the name of " Accipiter stevensoni." APPEITDIX 0. 175 The measurements which I have given above of this example (No. 3 on my list) and which I have taken very carefully, diflFer a little from Lord Tvveeddale's, possibly owing to some dissimilarity in the mode of measurement ; but the figure in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society/ and the description accompanying it, will readily serve to identify this Philippine subspecies ; and for the convenience of such of my readers as may not have access to the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society^ I add the following particulars of the specimen there figured and of the other adults of this subspecies which I have examined : — No. 3. The entire upper surface exhibits a brown colour of medium intensity, but with the crown of the head darker than the back, and with a tinge of dull rufous on the cheeks and ear-coverts, also slightly on the nape, and very slightly on the edgings to the feathers of the least wing-coverts ; the tail is of the same hue as the back, but with transverse bars of a darker brown ; these are six in number, the uppermost one being, however, very indistinct ; the primaries (of which the fourth and fifth are longest and equal) are also brown, cross- barred with darker brown, but with the interspaces above the emargination tinged with buffy white on the inner web ; the secondaries are similarly coloured to the primaries ; the tertials are broadly blotched with white, limited in some feathers to the inner, but in others extending to the outer web also ; the throat is white, with a brown transverse mark and also a hair-like shaft-mark on most of the feathers ; the jugulum, flanks, and breast are rich rufous, but the feathers of the breast have concealed transverse whitish bars, and these become apparent and more decidedly white on the abdo- men, the plumage of that part and also the thighs and the axillaries being transversely barred with alternate markings of rufous and white ; the crissum is white ; the under wing- coverts are fulvous, irregularly crossed and varied with brown. The following is a copy of the ticket attached to this specimen by its collector, Mr. Everett : — '^ Zamboanga, ? , April 1878 : iris golden ; orbital skin greenish yelloAv ; bill 176 LIST OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY. leaden; apex and cere blackish; legs greenish yellow, but pale brown on the toes; claws dark brown. '^ Specimen No. 1, which from its small size must, I think, undoubtedly be a male, bears a remarkable resemblance to No. 3, from which its coloration only differs in having a more decided gular stripe formed by the markings on the feathers of the throat, in most of the concealed light transverse bars on the breast being a pure white, in the absence of any tinge of rufous on the upper surface, and in having only five dark transverse bars on the central rectrices. Specimen No. 2, which is probably also a male, has unfor- tunately been badly skinned, and portions of the nuchal and abdominal plumage are wanting; but it appears only to differ from No. 3 in the markings on the throat being more tinged with grey, and in the dark cross bars on the thighs being brownish grey instead of rufous; also in those of the axillaries being browner and less rufous, and in the upper surface of the body and wings being of a more slaty black hue, with even less tinge of rufous on the nape and none on the least wing-coverts ; like No. 1, it has but five dark cross bars on the tail. No. 4 is the largest specimen of the series, and I therefore consider it to be undoubtedly a female ; it agrees generally with No. 3, and especially in having six dark transverse bars on the tail ; but it differs from it in the following particulars : — all the upper surface is slightly browner, and with no tinge of rufous on the nape ; the gular stripes are more strongly marked; the white transverse bars on the jugulum and on the breast are not concealed, and are a purer white and more numerous than in No. 3, there being two white bars on each feather of the breast, besides a white base ; the axillaries agrree in tint with No. 2. The following is a copy of the description given by Lord Tweeddale in his paper in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society^ for 1878, to which I have already referred, of the two nestlings, presumably of this species, which were sent over by Mr. Everett at the same time as No. 3 : — " Nestlings in rufous dress; underneath creamy fulvous, with broad APPENDIX 0. 177 ruddy brown stripes ; a central gular stripe of brown ; middle pair of rectrices with three brown bands ; upper surface of body and head dark brown^ with rusty margins and bases to the feathers ; tbig-h-coverts spotted with light ruddy brown," Measurements. Wing. Tail. Tursus. Middle toe. in. in. in. in. 5-75 400 1-81 1-25 612 4-00 1-62 106 Mr. Everett notes on the tickets attached to these speci- mens that he obtained them both in April at Zamboanga, and that the first (a male) had the " iris yellow^ bill black, legs light green, sole of foot yellow, claws black ; " the second (sex doubtful) had the " iris yellow, cere greenish, beak and claws black, legs light greenish, sole of foot yellow.^' INDEX OF SPECIES. abbreviatus, Buteo, 67. adalberti, Aquila, 54. feg-yptius, Milvus, 81. eequatorialis ?, Sarcorliamphus, 2. sequinoctialis, Buteogallus, 78. feruginosus, Circus, 22, 115, 116. aesalon, Falco, 104. affinis, Accipiter, 39, 165, 168, 172, 173. ?, Milvus, 81. africanus, Limnaetus, 47, 52, , Pseudogyps, 9. aguia, Falco, 74. alaudarius, Tiununculus, 96, 97, 98, 156, 157. albicans, Aquila, 56. albicaudatus, Buteo, 69. albicilla, Haliaetus, 58. albicollis, Leucopternis, 75. albidus, Falco, 16. , Spilornis, 16. albigularis, Hypotriorchis, 103. , Phalcobaenus, 13. , Urospizias, 33, 34, 35. albouiger, Liuinaetus, 49. alcinus, Macbiseramphus, x, 85, 86. alopex, Tiununculus, 98. amaurus, Micrastur, 24. ambiguus, Haliastur, 79. americanus, Ibycter, 14. amurensis ?, Aquila, 55. , Erytbropus, 101, 160. andamanensis, Limnaetus, 49. anderssoni, Macbaerampbus, 85, 86. , Stringonyx, 85. angolensis, Gypobierax, 11. autbracina, Umbitinga, 76, 77. antillanim, Tiununculus, 99. apivorus, Pernis, 86, 151. approximans, Circus, 21, 22. , Urospizias, 38. aquilinus, Buteo, 134, 135, 136. ardesiacus, Dissodectes, 94. artbiu'i, Tiununculus, 98, 156, 158. assimilis. Circus, 22, 23. astur, Accipiter, 28. , Eutriorcbis, 17. ater, Daptrius, 13. , Milvus, 81. aterrimus, Falco, 13. atrata, Catbarista, 5. atricapilliis, Astur, 28. , Falco, 51. atriceps, Falco, 105. audax, Uroaetus, 57. augur, Buteo, 34, 65. auguralis, Buteo, 64. aura, Catbartes, 4. , Rbinogrypbus, 4. auricularis, Otogyps, 6, 7. australis, Falco, 95. , Harpa, 95. , Senex, 12. axillaris, Elanus, 84. ayresii, Spizaetus, 52. babylonicus, Falco, 108, 109. bacba, Spilornis, 16. badius, Scelospizias, 30. bairdii, Buteo, 68. barbarus, Falco, 107, 108, 109, barbatus, Gypaetus, 10. 180 INDEX OF SPECIES. barthelemji, Aqiiila, 54. beaudouinii, Citcaetus, 15. bellicosus, Kisaetus, 51. beugalensis, Pseudogyps, 9. berigora, Hieracidea, 96. , leracidea, 96. biarmicus, Falco, ix, 109. bicolor, Cooperastui-, 44. bideutatus, Harpagus, 91. bido, Spiloruis, 16. bifasciata, Aqiiila, 54, 55. bonelli, EutoLniaetus, 51. , Pseudaetus, 61. borealis, Buteo, 65, 06. (socoiToeusis), Buteo, 66. boscbii, Falco, 102. braccata, Spizaetus, 47. bvacbypterus, Buteo, ix, 64. , Falco, 24. brachyura, Buteola, 71, 146, 147. brachyurus, Accipiter ?, 39. , Astur, 39. brasiliensis, Polyborus, 11, 12. brevipes, Scelospizias, 31. brunuea, Harpa, 95. brutus, Scelospizias, 30. burrovianus, Catbartes, 5. , Rbinogrypbus, 4. busarellus, Falco, 78. cachinnans, Herpetotberes, 14. caerulescens, Falco, 92. , Geranospizias, 25. caeruleus, Elanus, 83. caUfornianus, Pseudogrypbus, 3. caligatus, Limnaetus, 49. calurus, Buteo, Co. calvus, Otogyps, 7. candicans, Hierofalco, 112. caDdidissimus, Astur, 28. canorus, Melierax, xi, 26. caribbsearum, Tiununculus, x, 99. carolinensis, Pandion, 112. ?, Pandion, 113. carunculatus, Pbalcobseinis, 13. cassini, Falco, 107. castanilius, Accipiter, 32. , Scelospizias, 32. castanonotus, Hypotriorcbis, 93. cayennensis, Falco, 88. , Leptodon, 88. celebensis, Pernis, 87. cencbris, Tinnunculus, 100, 159, 160. cenchroides, Scelospizias, 31. , Tinnunculus, 98. ceylonensis. Baza, 91. , Limnaetus, 48. cbeela, Spilornis, 16. cberiway, Polyborus, 11, 12. cbicquera, Falco, 105. cbilensis, Cooperaster, 44. cbimacbima, Milvago, 13. cbimango, Milvago, 13. cbionogaster, Accipiter, 42. cbiquera, Lithofalco, 105. cbrysaetos, Falco, 53. cbrysaetus, Aquila, 53, 54. , var. canadensis, Aquila, 53. cineraceus. Circus, 20. cinerascens, Circaetus, 15. cinereus, Circaetus, 15. , Circus, 20. , Leucospizias, 33. cinnamomimus, Tinnunculus, 99. circumcinctus, Spiziapteryx, 94. cirrbatus, Limnaetus, 48. , Spizaetus, 49. cirrbocepbalus, Accipiter, 38. cirtensis, Falco, 63. clanga, Aquila, 56, 132. coUaris, Accipiter, 41. columbarius, ^salon, x, 104. communis, Falco, 105, 106, 107. , var. pealei, Falco, 110. concentricus, Micrastur, 25. , Nisus, 25, 121, 122. concolor, Hypotriorcbis, 101. cooperi,'Buteo, 66. , Cooperastur, 44. coronatus, Harpybaliaetus, xi, 77. INDEX OF SPKCIES. 181 coi'onatiis, Spizaetus, 40, 47. costaricensis, Buteo, 06. ciistata, Pernis, 87. cristatus, Morplimis, 4o. , Peruis, .s7. cruentiis, Astur, 38, , Nisus, 36. cryptogenis, Archibuteo, 01. cuculoides, Baza, 89. , Tach_yspizias, 32. cuvieri, Hypotriorchis, 102. cyaneus, Circus, 19. , var. americanus, Circus, 19. , var. hudsonius, Circus, 19. dampieri, Urospizias, 35, 127, 129. davisoni, Spilornis, 16. deiroleucus, Hypotriorchis, 103. desertoruni, d, Buteo, 04. , Buteo, 63, 138, 139. desmursi, Aquila, 57. destructor, Falco, 46. , Harpyia, 40. devillei, Spizaetus, 50. dickinsoni, Dissodectes, 95. diodon, Harpagus, 91. dispar, Falco, 84. dominicensis, Tiuiiunculus, 99, 100. doriae, Mogatriorchis, 45. dussumieri, Falco, 30. ecaudatus, Ilelotarsus, 18. eleanorae, Hypotriorchis, 101. elegans, Buteo, 67. elgini, Spilornis, 17. equatorialis, Accipiter, 36. . ei') thrauchen, Accipiter, 38. erythrocnemis, Accipiter, 43. erythrogenys, Microhierax, 93. erythronotus, Buteo, 69, 143, 144, "^145. erythropus, Accipiter, 40. erythrothorax, Baza, 90. etorques, Accipiter, 127. , Urospizias, 35, 127, 129, 130. eulophus, Vultur, 6. eutolmus, Microhierax, 92. exsul, Buteo, 70. falklaudicus, Rhiuogryplius, 4. fasciatus, Gymnops, 13. , Ilarpagus, 91. , Nisaetus, 51, 52. fasciolatus, Circaetus, 15. feldeggii, Falco, 109. femoralis, Hypotriorchis, 103. ferox, Buteo,' 62, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139. ferrugiueus, Archibuteo, 61. fcetens, Cathartes, 5. forficatus, Elanoides, 82. francesi, Scelospizias, 30. franciscaj, Scelospizias, 30. friugillarius, ]Microhierax, 92. fringilloides, Accipiter, 42. trontatus, Falco, 103. fucosa, Aquila, 57. fuliginosus, Buteo, 71, 146. fulvescens, Aquila, 56. , Gyps, 8. fidvus. Gyps, 7. funereus, Falco, 15. furcatus, Elanoides, 82. fusco-cserulescens, Hypotriorchis, 103. fuscus, Accipiter, 42. gabar, Melierax, 27. galapagensis, Buteo, 70, 143, 144, 145. galapagoeusis, Buteo, 143. , Craxirex, 143. gallicus, Circaetus, 14, 15. ghiesbrechti, Leucopternis, 75. ghiesbreghti, Leucopternis, 75. gilvicollis, Micrastur, 25, 122. , Sparvius, 121. ginginianus, Neophron, 10. gironnieri, Falco, 93. girrenera, Haliastur, x, 79. , var. ambigua, Haliastur, 79. 182 INDEX OF SPECrES. gouldi, Circus, 22, govinda, Milviis, 80, 81. gracilis, Geranospizias, 25. , Tinnunculus, 98. gi'iseiceps, Lopbospizias, 29. griseigularis, Urospizias, 36. griseocauda, Ruporiiis, 72. griseogularis, Urospizias, 36. gruberi, Onychotes, 71. grueberi, Onycliotes, 71. gryphus, Sarcorhamplius, 2. guerilla, Mierastur, 25, 117, 118, 119. guianensis, Falco, 45. , Morphnus, 45. gularis, Accipiter, 39, 40, 165, 166, 169. , Astur (Xisus), 40, 165, 166, 167. guudlachii, Cooperastur, 44. , Urubitinga, 77. gurneyi, Baza, 90, 154, 155. , Limnaetus, 49. guttatus, Cooperastur, 44. gymnocepbalus ?, Daptrius, 13. gyrfalco, Hierofalco, 111, 161, 162, ' 163, 164. baliaetus, Pandion, x, 112. hamatus, Rostrbamus, 85. baplochrous, Urospizias, 33. barlani, Buteo, 66. barpyia, Morpbnus, 46. , Tbrasaetus, 46. harrisi. An tenor, 70, 71. hartlaubi, Accipiter, 40. bastata, Aquila, 57. bawaii, Accipiter, 42. beliaca, Aquila, 54. bemidactylus, Falco, 25. bemilasius, Buteo, Q2, 134, 135. hemiptilopus, Arcbibuteo, 61. bendersoui, Falco, 110. benicogrammus, Urospizias, 36. bensti, Astur, 28. bimalayensis, Gyps, 8. biogaster, Urospizias, 36. bispaniolensis, Gyps, 7. bistrionicus, Falco, 20. bolbceUi, Hierofalco, 111, 161, 163. bolospilus, Spilornis, 17. borsfieldii ?, Limnaetus, 49. budsonius, Circus, 19. bumbloti. Circus, 23. buniilis, Polioaetus, 60. bydropbilus, Buteo, 65. byemalis, Falco, 67. bypoleuca, Gennaia, 111. bypoleucus, Elanus, 84. ?, Ilaliaetus, 58. bypospodius, Buteo, 69. icbtbyaetus, Polioaetus, 60. ictinus, Milvus, 80. indicus, Astur, 29. , Butastur, 73. , Gyps, 8. indus, Haliaetus, 79. , Haliastur, 79. infuscata, Heuicopernis, 88. inglisi, Tinnunculus, 100. insignatus, Buteo, 68. insignis, Poliobierax, 94. intermedins, Haliastur, 79. interstinctus, Falco, 97. , Tinnimculus, 97. iota, Catbartes, 5. isabellinus, Tinnunculus, 99. isidori, Aquila, 50. , Lopbotriorcbis, 50. islandus, Falco, 111. , Hierofalco, 111, 161, 162, 163. isura, Lopboictinia, 81. jakal, Buteo, 65. japonicus, Buteo, 63, 137, 141. , Tinnunculus, 97. jardinii. Circus, 23. juggur, Gennaia, 109. jugularis, Mierastur, 25, 118. INDEX OF SPECIES. 183 kaupi, Leucopteriiis, 76. kelaarti, Limiiaetus, 48. kieiieri, Astur, 50. , Lopliotriorchis, 50. kolbii, Gyps, 7, 8. , Vultur, 9. korschun, Milvus, 81. krideri, Buteo, 66. labradorus, Ilierofalco, 111. lacernulata, Leucopternis, 75. lagopus, Aquila, 60. , Archibuteo, 60. , Buteo, 61. , Falco, 61. lanarius, var. mexicanus, Hierofalco, 110. , var. polyagrus, Falco, 110. lanceolatus, Limnaetus, 49. latifrons, Microbierax, 92. latissiinus, Buteo, 67. leucaucben, Falco, 25, 118. , Micrastur, 25, 118. leucocepbala, Butaquila, 134. leucocephalus, Buteo, 62, 134, 135, 136, 137. , Haliaetus, 68. , Pandion, x, 112, 113. ?, Pandion, 113. leucogaster, Haliaetus, 59, 60. , Icbtbyaetus, 59. leuconotus, Helotarsus, 18. leucophrys, Tinnunculus, 99. leucops ?, Buteo, 70. , Buteo, 14:3, 144, 145. , Tacliytriorcbis, 143. leucopterus, Falco, 58. leucopygus, Rostrbamus, 85. leucorrboa, Asturina, 147. , Buteola, 72. leucorrbous, Falco, 72. leucorypbus, Haliaetus, 59. leucosomus, Leucospizias, 33. leucosternus, Haliastur, 79. leucurus, Elanus, 84. leucurus, Milvus, 84. limnaetus, Falco, 49. , Spizaetus, 49. liueatus, Buteo, 67. li venter, Butastur, 73. longicauda, Henicopernis, 87, 88. lopbotes. Baza, 91. lucani, Lopbotriorchis, 52. lucasauus, Buteo, 66. lunulatus, Hypotriorcbis, 103. lutosus, Polyborus, 12. macei, Haliaetus, 59. macropterus, Circus, 20. macrosceles. Circus, 21. niacroscelides, Astur, 31, 32. macrurus, Circus, 19, 20. , Urotriorcbis, 26. maculata, Aquila, 57. maculosus. Circus, 20, 21. madagascariensis, Accipiter, 42. , Baza, 89. — — , Polyboroides, 18. magellanicus ?, Sarcorbampbus, 2. magnirostris, Baza, 90. , Ruporuis, 72. maillardi. Circus, 21. major, Milvus, 80. malayensis, Neopus, 51. manillensis, Accipiter, 40, 165, 173, 174. , Nisus, 173. maurus. Circus, 20. mecbowi ?, Melierax, 27. megalopterus, Pbalcobajnus, 12. megarbyncbus, Regerbiuus, 88. melanocblamys, Urospizias, 37. melanogenys, Falco, 107. melanoleucus, Accipiter, 34, 43. , Circus, 21. , Geranoaetus, 74. , Micrastur, 24. , Microbierax, 93. , Spiziaster, 51. melanops, Leucopternis, 76. 184 IXDEX OF SPECIES. melanoschistus, Accipiter, 42. melanosternon, Gypoictiuia, x, 82. melanotis, Circaetus, 15. , Milvus, X, 80, 81. , Spilornis, 16. menetriesi, Buteo, 62, 139. meridioualis, G^'paetus, 11. , Heterospizias, 78. metabates ?, Melierax, 27. mexicana, Gennaia, 110. mexicanus, Falco, 110. , var. polvagTus, Falco, 110. meyerianus, Urospizias, 34, 35. migrans, Milvus, 81. milvipes, Falco, 110. minimus, Spilorui?, 17. minor, Falco, 107. minullus, Accipiter, 40. niinutus, Buteo, 71. mirandoUei, ^Micrastur, 24. misoriensis, Urospizias, 35, 127 130. mississipiensis, Ictinia, 84. mogilnik, Aquila, 54, 55. moluccensis, Tinnunculus, 97. monachus. Neophron, 10. , Vultur, 5, 6. monogrammica, Asturinula, 27. montaniLS, Buteo, 65. moreli, Nisoides, 29. morplinoides, Nisaetus, 53. mueUeri, Astur, 36. musicus, Melierax, 26. naevia, Aquila, 50. nsBvioides, Aquila, 55. nattereri, Rupornis, 72. naumanni, Tinnunculus, 100. neglectus, Tinnunculus, viii, 97. neogaeus, Plangus, 77. ne^\-toni, Tinnunculus, 98. niger, Geranospizias, 26. , Melierax, 27. nigricollis, Busarellus, 78. nigroplumbous, Accipiter, 43. niloticus, Melierax, 27. nipalensis, Aquila, 54, 55. , Linmaetus, 47, 48. , Nisaetus, 47. nisoides, Accipiter, ix, 40, 165, 166, 168, 174. nisus, Accipiter, 41, 168. nitida, Astuiina, 74. niveus, Falco, 49. norregicus, Archibuteo, 61. , Falco, 61. novse-guineae, Harpyopsis, 46. novee-hollaudiae, Astur, 33. , Leucospizias, 33. novae-zealandise, Falco, 12. , Harpa, 95. nubicus ?, Otogyps, 7- obsoletus, Buteo, 68. occideutalis, leracidea, 96. , Leucopternis, 75. occipitalis, Lophoaetus, 50. , Lopbogyps, 6. orientalis ?, Aquila, 55. , Hieracidea, 96. , Spizaetus, 47. ornatus, Spizaetus, 47. ossifragus, Gvpaetus, 11. ovampensis, Accipiter, 42. oxypterus, Buteo, 68. pallescens ?, Gyps, 8. palliata, Leucopternis, 75. palliatus. Falco, 88. pallidiceps, Urospizias, 36. pallidus. Circus, 19. , Spilomis, 17. palumbarius, Astur, 28. palustris. Falco, 20. papa. Gyparchus, 3. parasiticus, Milvus, 81. pealei, Falco, 106. pectoralis, Circaetus, 16. , Cooperastiu*, 44. pekinensis, Tinnunculus, 1 50, 160. INDEX OF SPECIES. 185 pekiuensis ?, Tinnunculus, 100. pelagicus, Thalassaetus, 58. pelzelni, Micrastur, 25, 121, 122, 128, 12G. peunatus, Nisaetus, 52, 54. peunsjlvaiiicus, Buteo, 67, 68. percu op terns. Neophron, 9, 10. peregrinator, Falco, 105. peregrinus, Falco, viii, ix, 106. leucogenys, Falco, viii. perniger, Khinogrj'plius, 4. philippensis, Limnaetus, 48. pileatus, Cooperastur, 43. , Neophron, 10. plagiata, Asturina, 74. plumbea, Ictinia, 85. , Leucopternis, 76. plumbeus, Falco, 84. , Polioaetus, 60. ?, Rostrhamus, 85. plumipes, Buteo, 63, 137, 138, 139. pcecilochrous, Buteo, 69. poecilonotus, Buteo, 75. , Falco, 75. poliocephalus, Accipiter, 33. , Leucospizias, 33, 127. poliogaster, Cooperastur, 44. poliogenys, Buteo, 73. poliopsis, Scelospizias, 31. poliopterus, Melierax, 26. poliosomus, Buteo, 70. poljagrus, Falco, 106, 110. polyzonoides, Scelospizias, 30. polyzonus, Melierax, 26. pomarina, Aquila, 57, 132. princeps, Leucopternis, 75. pterocles, Buteo, 69. , Falco, 69. ptilorhynchus, Pernis, 87. pucherani, Rupornis, 72. pulchellus, Urospizias, 35. pimctata, Aquila, 66. punctatus, Tinnunculus, 98. punicus, Falco, 107, 108. pusillus, Scelospizias, 30. pygargus, Circus, 20. radiatus, Erythrotriorcliis, 45. , Polyboroides, 18. ranivorus, Circus, 23. rapax, Aquila, ix, 55, 56, regalis, Ai-chibuteo, 61. regulus, ^Esalon, 104. reinwardti. Baza, ix, 89, 154, 155. religiosus ?, Hypotriorchis, xi, 102. reptilivorus, Serpentarius, 1. rhodogaster, Accipiter, 39. rhodogastra, Teraspiza, 39. richardsoni, ^Esalon, 104. ridgwayi, Rupornis, 72. , Urubitinga, 77, 148, 150. riocour, Falco, 83. riocoiui, Nauclerus, 83. rubricoUis, Accipiter, 38, 39. rueppelli, Gyps, 9. rufa, Baza, 90. ruficauda, Rupornis, 72. ruficollis, Chicquera, 105. , Micrastur, 25, 118, 119, 120. nifigularis, Hypotriorchis, 103. rufipectus, Spilornis, 17. rufipennis, Butastur, 73. rufipes, Falco, 100. rufitinctus, Lophospizias, 29. rufitorques, Urospizias, 37. rufiventer, Buteo, 63. rufiventris, Accipiter, 43. rufonuchahs, Aquila, 57. rupicoloides, Tinnunculus, 98, 156, 157. rupicolus, Tinnuncidus, 97. rutherfordi, Spilornis, 16. rutilaus, Falco, 78. , Hypomorphnus, 78, saker, Falco, 110. , Gennaia, 110. salvini, Accipiter, 43. sancti-johannis, Archibuteo, 61. saturata, Rupornis, 72. X 186 IKDEX OF SPECIES. saturatus, Tinuunculus, 9G, 97. ?, Tinnunculus, 97. scliistacea, Leucopternis, 76. , Urubitinga, 76. scWstaceus, Falco, 101. scotoptera, Leucopternis, 75. scriptus, Elanus, 84. secretarius, Sagittarius, 1. , Serpentarius, 1. semiplumbea, Leucopternis, 76, semitorquatus, Falco, 93. , Micrastur, 24. , Poliohierax, 93, 91. serpentarius, Gvpogeranus, 1. seTerus, Hypotriorchis, x, 102. shaheen, Falco, 105. sharpii, Astur, 37. , Urospizias, 36. sinensis, Microhierax, xi, 93. sociabnis, Eostrbamus, 85. socorroensis, Buteo, 66. solitarius, Buteo, 64, 141. , Circaetus, 77. , Harpybaliaetus, 77. , Polioaetus, 64. soloensis, Astur, 35. , Tacbyspizias, 32. sparverioides, Tinnunculus, 100, sparverius, Falco, 99. , Tinuunculus, x, 98, spectabilis, Dryotriorcbis, 17. spbenurus, Habastur, 80. , Scelospizias, 31. spbynx, Limnaetus, 48. spilogaster, Xisaetus, 47, 50, 52. , Spilornis, 16. spilonotus. Circus, 22, 115, 116. spilotborax. Circus, 22. stanleyii, Falco, 44. stevensoni, Accipiter, 40, 165, 166, 174. striatulus, Astur, 28. stropbiatus, Arcbibuteo, 61. subbuteo, Hypotriorcbis, 102, subcristata, Baza, 89. subcristatiis, Lepidogenys, 89. subniger, Accipiter, 41. , Gennaia, 111. suclileyi, ^salon, 104. sulaensis, Accipiter, 39. P, Spilornis, 17. sumatrensis, Baza, 90. superciliaris, Leucopternis, 76. superciliosus, Accipiter, 41. , Falco, 41, swaiusoni, Buteo, 68, 71. , Circus, 19. , Gampsonj'x, 83. sylvestris, Urospizias, 37. tacbiro, Falco, 31. , Scelospizias, 31. tseniatus, Moi-pbnus, 45. tseuiurus ?, Rosti-bamus, 85. tanypterus ?, Falco, 109. teesa, Butastur, 73. temerarius, Falco, 104. tenuirostris, Gyps, 8. , Lopbospizias, 29. tbarus, Polyborus, 11, 12. tibialis, Astur, 31. tinus, Falco, 41. torquatus, Accipiter, 38. , Nisus, .37. , Urospizias, 37, 38, 129. toussenelii, Scelospizias, ix, 32. tricolor, Buteo, 69. trinotatus, Erjrtbrospizias, 32, triyirgatus, Lopbospizias, 29. tweeddalii, Pernis, 87. typicus, Polyboroides, 18. typus, Cbicquera, 105. tyrannus, Spizaetus, 47. uncinatus, Falco, 88. , Regerbinus, 88. undulatus, Spilornis, 16. unduliventer, Scelospizias, 31. unicinctus, Antenor, 70. INDEX OF SPECIES. 187 unicinctus, Craxirex, 71. uuicolor, Buteo, 69. urubitinga, Cathartes, 6, , Morpbuus, 77. varius, Buteo, GO. veutralis, Accipiter, 43. verreaiixi, Aquila, 54. , Baza, 89. versicolor, Urospizias, 84. vespertinus, Erythropus, 100. vindhiana, Aquila, 56. virgatus, Accipiter, ix, 39, 40, 165, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173. , Falco, 39. vocifer, llaliaetus, 59. vociferoides, Haliaetus, 59. vulgaris, Buteo, 64, 68, 138. wahlbergi, Aquila, 52, 57. wallacii, Astur, 36. , Urospizias, 37. wilsoul, Regerbinus, 88. wolfi, Circus, 21, 22. xantbotborax, Falco, 25. yetapa, Falco, 82. zonarius, Accipiter, 31. zouiventris, Dissodectes, 95. zonocercus, Buteo, 67. zontborax, Micrastur, 25, 120. zonura, Urubitiuga, 77, 148, 149. zouurus, Circaetus, 15. , Spizaetus, 52. THE END. Printed by Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. :-yi.-»vir^^ac ?is3tn AMNH LIBRARY J-.^ .^