FUROPEAN BIRDS,

INCLUDING ALL SPECIES FOUND IN THE

WESTERN PALAARCTIC REGION,

The Homencluture carefully Bebiaed by

HENRY E. DRESSER, F.LS., F.Z.S., &c., &c.,

AUTHOR OF ‘ THE BIRDS OF EUROPE.’

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PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR

AT
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EUROPEAN BIRDS,

INCLUDING ALL SPECIES FOUND IN THE

WESTERN PALAARCTIC REGION.

The Homenclature carefully Rebised by

HENRY E’ DRESSER, F.LS., F.ZS., &c., &c.,

AUTHOR OF ‘ THE BIRDS OF EUROPE.’

ae te

a
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LON DON:

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR
AT

6 TENTERDEN STREET, HANOVER SQUARE, W.

1881.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,

RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

INTRODUCTION.

Sevekat of the Subscribers to my ‘ Birds of Europe’ have urged
me to publish a List of the Birds of the Western Palearctic
Region, as a check-list for labelling, and for reference in making
exchanges of birds and eggs; and as no such list already existed,

I hope that the present one may prove useful.

I have, as will be seen, followed Professor Huxley’s classification,
which appears to me to be the best that has yet been elaborated,
which classification I have adopted in the ‘ Birds of Europe ;’ and
in order to facilitate reference, the species are numbered con-

secutively, as has been done in that work.

A few alterations in the nomenclature, which further research

has proved to be necessary, have been made.

H. E. DRESSER.
6 Tenterden Street, W.,
London, 28th February, 1881.

fa YE Si

OF

EUROPEAN BIRDS.

AVES CARINATA.
AGITHOGNATHA.

Order I. PASSERES.
. Suborder OSCINES.
Section 1. OSCINES DENTIROSTRES,
Family TURDID.
Subfamily TurpDINnz&.

1. Turdus viscivorus, Linn.
Missel-Thrush.

. Turdus musicus, Linn.
Song-Thrush.

3. Turdus iliacus, Linn,
Redwing.

LS)

4, Turdus pilaris, Linn.
Fieldfare.

5. Turdus naumann, Temm.
Red-tailed Fieldfare.

6. Turdus dubius, Bechst.
Dusky Thrush.

7. Turdus ruficollis, Pall.
Red-throated Thrush,

8. Turdus obscurus, Gmel.
Pale Thrush.

16.

Vi,

18.

26.

27.

. Turdus varius, Pall.

White’s Thrush.

. Turdus atrigularis, Temm.

Black-throated Thrush.

. Turdus sibiricus, Pall.

Siberian Thrush.

. Turdus merula, Linn.

Blackbird.

. Turdus torquatus, Linn.

Ring-Ouzel.

. Monticola saxatilis (Linn.).

Rock-Thrush.

. Monticola cyanus (Linn.).

Blue Rock-Thrush.

Subfamily CincLINZ».
Cinclus aquaticus, Bechst.
Common Dipper.

Cinclus melanogaster, C. L. Brehm.
Black-bellied Dipper.

Cinelus albicollis (Vieill.).
Pale-backed Dipper.

Subfamily SaxrcoLinz.

. Saxicola ceenanthe (Linn.).

Common Wheateay.

. Saxvicola isabellina, Riipp.

Isabelline Chat.

. Saxicola albicollis, Vieill.

Black-eared Chat.

. Saxicola rufa (C. L. Brehm).

Russet Chat.

23. Savicola melanoleuca (Giild.).

Black-throated Chat.

. Saxicola deserti, Rupp.

Desert-Chat.

. Savicola finschii, Heugh.

Arabian Chat.

Saxicola mesta, Licht.
Tristram’s Chat.

Saxicola xanthoprymna, Ehr.
Red-rumped Chat.

28. Saxicola lugens, Licht.
Pied Chat.

29. Saxicola morio, Ehr.
Eastern Pied Chat.

30. Saxicola monacha, Temm.
Hooded Chat.

31. Saxicola leucopyga, C. L. Brehm.

White-rumped Chat.

32. Saxicola leucura (Gim.).
Black Chat.

33. Pratincola rubetra (Linn.).
Whin-Chat.

34. Pratincola rubicola.
Stone-Chat.

34a. Pratincola maura (Pall.).
Eastern Stone-Chat.

35. Pratincola hempricht (Ehr.).
White-tailed Stone-Chat.

36. Ruticilla phenicurus (Linn.).
Redstart.

37. Ruticilla mesoleuca (Ehr.).
Ebrenberg’s Redstart.

38. Ruticilla rufiventris (Vieill.).
Indian Redstart.

39. Ruticilla titys (Scop).
Black Redstart.

40. Ruticilla moussiert (Olph-Gall.).
Moussier’s Redstart.

41. Ruticilla erythrogastra (Gild.).
Guldenstadt’s Redstart.

Subfamily Syrvinwz.

42, Cyanecula wolfi, C. L. Brehm.
White-spotted Bluethroat.

43. Cyanecula suecica (Linn.).
Red-spotted Bluethroat.

44, Erithacus rubecula (Linn.).
Redbreast.

45. Calliope camtschatkensis (Gm.).
Ruby-throated Warbler.

46. Cossypha gutturalis, Guérin.

W hite-throated Robin-Chat.

47. Nemura cyanura (Pall.).
Red-flanked Bluetail.

~J

48.

49,

50.

61.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60,

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66,

67.

68.

Daulias luscinia (Linn.).
Common Nightingale.
Daulias philomela (Bechst.).
Northern Nightingale.
Sylvia rufa (Bodd.).
Whitethroat.

Sylvia curruca (Linn.).
Lesser W hitethroat.

Sylvia subalpina, Bonelli.
Subalpine Warbler.

Sylvia conspieillata, Marm.
Spectacled Warbler.

Sylvia deserticola, Tristram.
Tristram’s Warbler.

Sylvia melanothorax, Tristram.
Palestine Warbler.

Sylvia melanocephala (Gm.).
Sardinian Warbler.

Sylvia momus (Ehr.).
Bowman’s Warbler.

Sylvia orphea, Temm.
Orphean Warbler.

Sylvia rueppelli, Temm.
Ruppell’s Warbler.

Sylvia atricapilla (Linn.),
Blackcap.

Sylvia salicaria (Linn.).
Garden-Warbler.

Sylvia nisoria, Bechst.
Barred Warbler.

Melizophilus undatus (Bodd.).
Dartford Warbler.

Melizophilus sardus (Marm.),
Marmora’s Warbler.

Subfamily PHyLLOScoPinz&.

Regulus cristatus, Koch.
Golden-crested Wren.

Regulus ignicapillus (C. L. Brehm),
Fire-crested Wren.

Regulus maderensis, Vern. Hare.
Madeiran Goldcrest.

Phylloscopus superciliosus (Gm.).
Yellow-browed Warbler.

69

. Phylloscopus tristis, Blyth.
Siberian Chiffchaff.

70. Phylloscopus collybita (Vieill.).

Ga.

72.

73.

74,

76.

76.

(Ue

Chiftchaff.

Phylloscopus trochilus (Linn.).
Willow-Wren.

Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Bechst.).
Wood-Wren.

Phylloscopus bonellii (Vieill.).
Bonelli’s Warbler.

Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus, Swinh.
Grey-legged Willow-Wren.

Phylloscopus borealis (Blasius).
Eyersmann’s Warbler.

Subfamily AcROCEPHALIN®E.
Hypolais polyglotta (Vieill.).
Melodious Warbler.
Hypolais icterina (Vieill.).
Icterine Warbler.

. Hypolais olivetorum (Strickl.).
Olive-tree Warbler.

. Hypolais opaca (Licht.).
Western Olivaceous Warbler.

. Hypolais languida (Ehr.).
Upcher’s Warbler.

. Hypolais pallida (Ehr.).
Olivaceous Warbler.

. Hypolais caligata (Licht.).
Booted Warbler.

. Aedon galactodes (Temm.).
Rufous Warbler.

. Aedon familiaris (Ménétr.).
Grey-backed Warbler.

. Acrocephalus agricola (Jerd.).
Paddy-field Warbler.

. Acrocephalus dumetorum, Blyth.
Blyth’s Reed-Warbler.

. Acrocephalus streperus (Vieill.).
Reed-Warbler.

. Acrocephalus palustris (Bechst.).
Marsh- Warbler.

. Acrocephalus arundinaceus (1..).
Great Reed-Warbler.

100.

101.

10

. Acrocephalus stentoreus (Ehyr.).

Clamorous Sedge- Warbler.

. Acrocephalus aquaticus (Gmel.).

Aquatic Warbler.

. Acrocephalus schenobenus (l.).

Sedge-Warbler.

. Lusciniola melanopogon (Temm.).

Moustached Sedge-Warbler.

. Locustella nevia (Bodd.).

Grasshopper Warbler.

. Locustella lanceolata (Temm.).

Lanceolated Warbler.

. Locustella fluviatilis (Wolf).

River- W arbler.

. Locustella luscinioides (Savi).

Savi’s Warbler.

. Locustella certhiola (Pall.).

Pallas’s Warbler.

. Cettia cettw (Marm.).

Cetti’s Warbler.

Subfamily DryMacrnz&.

Cisticola cursitans (Frankl.).
Fantail Warbler.

Drymeea gracilis (Licht.).
Streaked Wren-Warbler.

Subfamily CRATEROPODINE.

. Argya fulva (Desf.).
Algerian Bush-Babbler.

3. Argya squamiceps (Cretzschm.).

Palestine Bush-Babbler.

Family ACCENTORID A.

104. Accentor collaris (Scop.).

Alpine Accentor.

5. Accentor montanellus (Pall.).

Mountain-Accentor.

106. Accentor modularis (Linn.).

Hedge-Sparrow.

Family PANURIDAK.

107. Panurus biarmicus (Linn.).

Bearded Reedling.

108.

109,

110.

WEG

112.

115.

114.

115.

116.

ala

Family PARID/4.

Acredula rosea (Blyth).

British Long-tailed Titmouse.
Acredula caudata (Linn.).

Long-tailed Titmouse.
Acredula irbii, Sharpe & Dresser.

Irby’s Long-tailed Titmouse.
Acredula tephronota (Giinther).

Turkish Long-tailed Titmouse.
Parus major, Linn.

Great Titmouse.
Parus ledouct, Malh.

Algerian Coal Titmouse.
Parus ater, Linn.

European Coal Titmouse.
Parus britannicus, Sharpe & Dresser.

English Coal Titmouse.

Parus palustris, Linn.
Marsh-Titmouse.

. Parus borealis, De Selys.

Northern Marsh-Titmouse.

. Parus camtschatkensis (Bp.).

Siberian Marsh-Titmouse.

. Parus lugubris, Temm.

Sombre Titmouse.

. Parus cinctus, Bodd.

Lapp Titmouse.

. Parus ceruleus, Linn.

Blue Titmouse.

. Parus teneriffe, Less.

Ultramarine Titmouse.

. Parus cyanus, Pall,

Azure Titmouse.

. Lophophanes cristatus (Linn. ).

Crested Titmouse.

. Atgithalus pendulinus (Linn.).

Penduline Titmouse.

. Aigithalus castaneus, Severtz.

Chestnut-crowned Titmouse.

Family SITTIDA.

. Sitta europea, Linn.

Northern Nuthatch.

128,

129.

130.

131.

182.

133.

134.

135.

136.

1387.

1388.

139,

140.

141.

142.

145.

144.

145.

Sitta cesia, Wolf.
Common Nuthatch.

Sitta neumayert, Michah.
Syrian Nuthatch.

Sitta krueperi, von Pelz.
Kviiper’s Nuthatch.

Family CERTHIID®.
Certhia familiaris, Linn.
Common Creeper.

Tichodroma muraria (Linn.).

Wall-Creeper.

Family TROGLODYTID.

Troglodytes parvulus, Koch,
Common Wren.

Troglodytes borealis, Fischer.
Northern Wren.

Family MOTACILLIDA.
Motacilla alba, Linn.
White Wagtail.
Motacilla lugubris, Temm.
Pied Wagtail.
Motacilla citreola, Pall.
Yellow-headed Wagtail.
Motacilla melanope, Pall.
Grey Wagtail.
Motacilla flava, Linn.
Blue-headed Wagtail.
Motacilla viridis, Gmel.
Grey-headed Wagtail.
Motacilla melanocephala, Licht.
Black-headed Wagtail.
Motacilla rait, Bp.
Yellow Wagtail.
Anthus pratensis (Linn.).
Meadow-Pipit.
Anthus bertheloti, Bolle.
Canarian Pipit.

Anthus gustavi, Swinh.
Petchora Pipit.

12

146

13

. Anthus cervinus (Pall.).
Red-throated Pipit.

147. Anthus trivialis (Linn.).

148.

149.

160.

151.

152.

153.

154.

155.

156.

163

Tree-Pipit.

Anthus campestris (Linn.).
Tawny Pipit.

Anthus richard, Vieill.
Richard’s Pipit.

Anthus ludovicianus (Gmel.).
Pennsylvanian Pipit.

Anthus spinoletta (Linn.).
Water-Pipit.

Anthus obscurus (Lath.).
Rock-Pipit.

Family PYCNONOTID.

Pycnonotus barbatus (Desf.).
Dusky Bulbul.

Pycnonotus xanthopygus (Ehr.).
Palestine Bulbul.

Pycnonotus capensis (Linn.).
Gold-vented Bulbul.

Family ORIOLIDA.

Oriolus galbula, Linn.
Golden Oriole.

Family LANIIDA.

. Lanius excubitor, Linn.

Great Grey Shrike.

. Lanius lahtora, Sykes.
Pallid Shrike.

. Lanius meridionalis, Te1om.
Southern Grey Shrike.

. Lanius algeriensis, Less.
Algerian Grey Shrike.

. Lanius minor, Gmel.

Lesser Grey Shrike.

2. Lantus collurio, Linn.

Red-backed Shrike.

. Lanius auriculatus, Mill.
Woodchat Shrike.

164.

165.

166.

167.

168.

169.

170.

171.

14
Lanius isabellinus, Ehy.
Isabelline Shrike.

Lanius nubicus, Licht.
Masked Shrike.

Telephonus erythropterus (Shaw).
Hooded Shrike.

Family AMPELIDA.

Ampelis garrulus, Linn.

Waxwing.

Family MUSCICAPID.
Muscicapa grisola, Linn.

Spotted Flycatcher.
Muscicapa atricapilla, Linn.

Pied Flycatcher.

Muscicapa collaris, Bechst.
White-collared Flycatcher.

Muscicapa parva, Bechst.
Red-breasted Flycatcher.

Section 2. OSCINES LATIROSTRES.

2:

173.

174.

176.

178.

Family HIRUNDINID.
Hirundo savignii, Steph.
Chesnut-bellied Swallow.
Mirundo rustica, Linn.
Swallow.
Hirundo rufula, Tem.
Red-rumped Swallow.
Chelidon urbica (Linn.).
Martin.
Cottle riparia (Linn.).
Sand- Martin.
Cotile rupestris (Scop.).
Crag-Martin.

Cotile obsoleta, Cab.
Pale Crag-Martin.

Section 3. OSCINES CONIROSTRES.

179.

Family FRINGILLID.
Subfamily FriIncILiinz.

Carduelis elegans, Steph.
Goldfinch.

180.

181.

15
Chrysomitris citrinella (Linn.).
Citril Finch.

Chrysomitris spinus (Linn. ).
Siskin.

. Serinus hortulanus, Koch.

Serin Finch.

. Serinus canonicus, Dresser.

Tristram’s Serin.

. Serinus canarius (Linn.).

Canary.

. Serinus pusillus (Pall.).

Red-fronted Finch.

. Ligurinus chloris (Linn.).

Greenfinch.

. Coccothraustes vulgaris, Pall.

Hawfinch.

. Passer ttalie (Vieill.).

Italian Sparrow.

. Passer domesticus (Linn.).

Common Sparrow.

. Passer hispaniolensis, Temm,

Spanish Sparrow.

. Passer montanus (Linn.).

Tree-Sparrow.

. Passer simplex (Licht.).

Desert-Sparrow.

3. Petronia stulta (Gmel.).

Rock-Sparrow.

. Petronia brachydactyla, Bp.

Desert Rock-Sparrow.

. Montifringilla nivalis (Linn.).

Snow-Finch.

. Fringilla celebs, Linn.

Chaffinch.

. Fringilla tintillon, Webb & Berthel.

Azorean Chaftiinch.

. Fringilla spodiogena, Bp.

Algerian Chaffinch.

. Fringilla montifringilla, Linn,

Brambling.

Fringilla teydea, Webb & Berthel.
Teydean Chatftinch.

. Linota cannabina (Linn.).

Linnet.

16

. Linota linaria (Linn.).
Mealy Redpoll.

. Linota rufescens (Vieill.).
Lesser Redpoll.

. Linota exilipes (Coues).
Coues’s Redpoll.

. Linota hornemanni, Holb.
Greenland Redpoll.

. Linota flavirostris (Linn.).
Twite.

. Linota brevirostris, Gould.
Eastern Twite.

Subfamily Loxtinz.

. Carpodacus rubicilla (Gild.).
Caucasian Rose Finch.

. Carpodacus sinaiticus (Temm.).
Sinaitic Rose Finch.

. Carpodacus erythrinus (Pall.).
Scarlet Grosbeak.

. Erythrospiza githaginea (Licht.).
Trumpeter Bulltinch.

. Erythrospiza sanguinea (Gould).
Crimson-winged Finch.

. Pyrrhula major, C. L. Brehm.
Northern Bullfinch.

. Pyrrhula europea, Vieill.
Common Bullfinch.

5. Pyrrhula murina, Godm.
Azorean Bullfinch.

. Pinicola euncleator (Linn.).
Pine-Grosbeak.

. Loxia pityopsittacus, Bechst.
Parrot Crossbill.

. Loxia curvirostra, Linn.
Common Crossbill.

. Loxia leucoptera, Gmel.
White-winged Crossbill.

. Loxia bifasciata (C. L. Brehm).
Two-barred Crossbill.

Subfamily EMbERIZINzE,

. Emberiza melanocephala, Scop.
Black-headed Bunting.

222. Emberiza cinerea, Strick).

Strickland’s Bunting.

. Emberiza miliaria, Linn.

Common Bunting.

. Emberiza citrinella, Linn.

Yellow Bunting.

. Emberiza cirlus, Linn.

Cirl Bunting.

. Emberiza hortulana, Linn.

Ortolan Bunting.

. Emberiza chrysophrys, Pall.

Yellow-browed Bunting.

. Emberiza striolata (Licht.).

Striped Bunting.

. Emberiza cia, Linn.

Meadow-Bunting.

. Emberiza cesia, Cretzsch.

Cretzschmar’s Bunting.

. Emberiza leucocephala, Gmel.

Pine-Bunting.

. Emberiza aureola, Pall.

Yellow-breasted Bunting.

. Emberiza rustica, Pall.

Rustic Bunting.

. Emberiza pusilla, Pall.

Little Bunting.

. Emberiza scheniclus, Linn.

Reed-Bunting.

. Emberiza pyrrhuloides, Pall.

Large-billed Reed-Bunting.

. Plectrophanes lapponicus (Linn.).

Lapland Bunting.

238. Plectrophanes nivalis (Linn. ).

Snow-Bunting.

Section 4. OSCINES SCUTELLI-

239.

240.

PLANTARES.
Family ALAUDID.

Certhilauda alaudipes (Desf.).
Curve-billed Lark.

Certhilauda duponti (Vieill.).
Dupont’s Lark.

1

=

18

241. Galerita cristata (Linn.).
Crested Lark.

242, Gailerita macrorhyncha, Tristr.
Tristram’s Lark.

243. Galerita isabellina, Bp.
Isabelline Lark.

244, Alauda arvensis, Linn.

Sky-Lark.

245. Alauda arborea, Linn.
Wood-Lark.

246. Ammomanes deserti (Licht.).
Desert-Lark.

247. Ammomanes cinctura (Gould).
Gould’s Desert-Lark.

248. Calandrella brachydactyla (Leisl.).
Short-toed Lark.

249. Calandrella minor (Cab.).
Lesser Short-toed Lark.

250. Calandrella betica, Dresser.
Andalucian Short-toed Lark.

251. Calandrella pispoletta (Pall.).
Pallas’s Short-toed Lark.

252. Melanocorypha bimaculata (Ménétr.).
Eastern Calandra Lark.

253, Melanocorypha calandra (Linn.).
Calandra Lark.

254, Melanocorypha sibirica (Gmel.).
White-winged Lark.

255, Melanocorypha yeltoniensis (Forst.).
Black Lark.

256. Rhamphocorys clotbey (Bp.).
Thick-billed Lark.

257. Otocorys alpestris (Linn.).
Shore-Lark.

258. Otocorys penicillata (Gould).
Eastern Shore-Lark.

259. Otocorys bilopha (Riipp.).
Algerian Shore-Lark.

Sect. 5. OSCINES CULTRIROSTRES.
Family STURNID A.

260. Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.
Common Starling.

. Sturnus unicolor, De la Marm.

Sardinian Starling.

. Sturnus purpurascens, Gould.

Purple-winged Starling.

. Pastor roseus (Linn.).

Rose-coloured Starling.

Family CORVIDE.

. Pyrrhocorax graculus (Linn.).

Red-billed Chough.

. Pyrrhocorax alpinus, Koch.

Alpine Chough.

Nutcracker.

. Perisoreus infaustus (Linn.).

Siberian Jay.

. Garrulus glandarius (Linn.).

Common Jay.

. Garrulus brandti, Eversm.

Brandt’s Jay.

Syrian Jay.

. Garrulus krynicki, Kalenicz.

Black-headed Jay.

2. Garrulus cervicalis, Bp.

Algerian Black-headed Jay.

. Cyanopica cookt, Bp.

Azure-winged Magpie.

. Pica rustica (Scop.).

Magpie.

. Pica mauritanica, Malh.

Moorish Magpie.

76. Corvus monedula, Linn.

Jackdaw.

. Corvus corone, Linn.

Carrion-Crow.

. Corvus corniz, Linn.

Hooded Crow.

. Corvus frugilegus, Linn.

Rook.

. Corvus affinis, Riipp.

Fantail Raven.

. Corvus tingitanus, Irby.

Irby’s Raven.

19

. Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linn.).

. Garrulus atricapillus, St. Hilaire.

282.

283.

Corvus corax, Linn.
Common Raven.

Corvus umbrinus, Hedenb.
Brown-necked Raven.

Order II. MACROCHIRES.
Family CYPSELIDA.

. Cypselus apus (Linn.).

Common Swift.

. Cypselus affinis, J. EK. Gray.

White-rumped Swift.

. Cypselus pallidus, Shelley.

Pallid Swift.

. Cypselus unicolor, Jard.

Madeiran Swift.

. Cypselus melba (Linn.).

White-bellied Swift.

. Acanthyllis caudacuta (Lath.).

Needle-tailed Swift.

Family CAPRIMULGID.

. Caprimulgus europeus, Linn.

Common Nightjar.

. Caprimulgus egyptius, Licht.

Egyptian Goatsucker.

. Caprimulgus ruficolis, Temm.

Russet-necked Nightjar.

Order III. PICI.
Family PICIDA.

Subfamily Prcrvz,

. Dryocopus martius (Linn.).

Great Black Woodpecker.

. Picus major, Linn.

Great Spotted Woodpecker.

5. Picus numidicus, Malh.

Algerian Pied Woodpecker.

. Picus syriacus, Ehr.

Syrian Pied Woodpecker.

20

297. Picus leuconotus, Bechst.
White-backed Woodpecker.

298. Picus lilfordi, Sharpe & Dresser.
Grecian Woodpecker.

299. Picus medius, Linn.
Middle Spotted Woodpecker.

300. Picus minor, Linn.
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker.

301. Picus pipra, Pall.
Siberian Lesser Spotted Wood-
pecker.

302. Picoides tridactylus (Linn.).
Three-toed Woodpecker.

303. Gecinus viridis (Linn.).
Green Woodpecker.

304, Gecinus sharpi, Saunders.
Sharpe’s Green Woodpecker.

305. Gecinus vaillantii (Malh.).
Algerian Green Woodpecker.

306. Gecinus canus (Gmel.).
Grey-headed Green Woodpecker.
Subfamily Iynernz.

307. Lynx torquila, Linn.
Wryneck.

DESMOGNATH &.

Order I. COCCYGES.
Suborder COCCYGES ANISO-
DACT YEE
Family ALCEDINID.

308. Alcedo ispida, Linn.
Common Kingfisher.
309. Ceryle rudis (Linn.).
Pied Kingfisher.
310. Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn. ).
Smyrna Kingfisher.
Family CORACHD A.

311. Coracias garrulus, Linn.
Common Roller.

312. Coracias indicus, Linn.
Indian Roller.

Family MEROPID4.
313. Merops apiaster, Linn.
Common Bee-eater.

314, Merops persicus, Pall.
Blue-cheeked Bee-eater.

315. Merops viridis, Linn.
Little Green Bee-eater.

Family UPUPID.

316. Upupa epops, Linn.
Hoopoe.

Suborder COCCYGES ZYGO-
DACT VALI.

Family CUCULID &.

317. Cuculus canorus, Linn.
Cuckoo.

318. Coccystes glandarius (Linn.).
Great Spotted Cuckoo.

319. Coccyzus americanus (Linn.).
Yellow-billed Cuckoo.

320. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (Wils.).
Black-billed Cuckoo.

Order II. ACCIPITRES.
Suborder STRIGES.,
Family STRIGID%.
321. Strix flammea, Linn.
Barn-Owl.
Family BUBONIDA.

322. Asio otus (Linn.),
Long-eared Owl.

323. Asio accipitrinus (Pall.).
Short-eared Owl.

324, Asio capensis (Smith).
Cape Eared Owl.

. Syrnium aluco (Linn.).

Tawny Owl.

. Syrnium uralense (Pall.).
Ural Owl.

. Syrmum lapponicum (Sparrm.).

Lapp Owl.

. Nyctea scandiaca (Linn.).

Snowy Owl.

. Surnia uiula (Linn.).
Hawk Owl.

. Surnia funerea, Linn.
American Hawk Owl.

. Nyctala tengmalmi (Gmel.).
Tengmalm’s Owl.

. Scops giu (Scop.).
Scops Owl.

. Bubo ignavus, Forst.

Eagle Owl.

, Glaucidium passerinum (Linn.).
Pygmy Owl.

. Athene noctua (Retz. ).

Little Owl.

. Athene glaux (Savigny).
Southern Little Owl.

Suborder ACCIPITRES.
Family VULTURID®.

. Gyps fulvus (Gmel.).
Griffon Vulture.

. Vultur monachus, Linn.
Jinereous Vulture.

. Neophron percnopterus (Linn.).

Egyptian Vulture.

. Gypaetus barbatus (Linn.).
Bearded Vulture.

Family FALCONID 4.
. Circus eruginosus (Linn.).
Marsh-Harrier.

. Circus cineraceus (Mont.).
Montagu’s Harrier.

. Circus cyaneus (Linn.).
Hen-Harrier.

. Circus swainsont, Smith.
Pallid Harrier.

. Buteo vulgaris, Leach.
Common Buzzard.

3. Buteo desertorum (Daud.).

African Buzzard.
. Buteo ferox (Gmel.).
Long-legged Buzzard.

. Archibuteo lagopus (Gmel.).
Rough-legged Buzzard.

. Aquila pennata (Gmel.).
Booted Eagle.

. Aguila pomarina, C. L. Brehm.
Lesser Spotted Eagle.

. Aquila clanga, Pall.
Larger Spotted Eagle.

. Aquila nipalensis, Hodgs.
Steppe-Eagle.

. Aquila rapax (Temm.).
Tawny Eagle.

« Aquila adalberti, L. Brehm.

White-shouldered Eagle.

» Aquila mogilnik (Gmel.).
Imperial Eagle.

. Aquila chrysaetus (Linn.).

Golden Eagle.

. Haliaetus leucoryphus, Pall.

Pallas’s Sea-Eagle.

. Haliaetus albicilla (Linn.).
Sea-Eagle.

. Circaetus gallicus (Gmel.).
Short-toed Eagle,

. Misaetus fasciatus (Vieill.).
Bonelli’s Eagle.

. Astur palumbarius (Linn.).
Goshawk.

2. Accipiter nisus (Linn.).

Sparrow-Hawk.

- Accipiter brevipes (Severtzoff).
Levant Sparrow-Hawk.

. Milvus ictinus, Savigny.
Kite.

. Milvus migrans (Bodd.).
Black Kite.

. Milvus egyptius (Gmel.).
Arabian Kite.

. Elanus ceruleus (Desf.).
Black-winged Kite.

. Pernis apivorus (Linn.).
Honey-Buzzard.

. Falco gyrfalco, Linn.
Jerfalcon.

. Falco candicans, Gmel.
Greenland Falcon.

. Falco islandus, Gmel.
Iceland Falcon.

2. Falco peregrinus, Tunstall.

Peregrine Falcon.

. Falco minor, Bp.
Lesser Peregrine.

. Falco barbarus, Linn.
Barbary Falcon.

375. Falco feldeggi, Schlegel.
Lanner.

376. Falco sacer, Gmel.
Saker.

377. Falco subbuteo, Linn.
Hobby.

378. Falco esalon, Tunstall.
Merlin.

379, Falco vespertinus, Linn.

384

Red-legged Falcon.

. Falco eleonore, Gené.
Eleonoran Falcon.

. Falco tinnunculus, Linn.
Common Kestril.

2. Falco cenchris, Naum.

Lesser Kestrel.

. Pandion haliaetus (Linn.).
Osprey.

Order III. STEGANOPODES.
Family PELECANID.

. Phalacrocorax carbo (Linn.),
Cormorant.

26

. Phalacrocorax graculus (Linn.).

Shag.

. Phalacrocorax africanus (Gmel.).

African Cormorant.

. Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Pall.

Pygmy Cormorant.

. Sula bassana (Linn.).

Gannet.

. Pelecanus onocrotalus, Linn.

Roseate Pelican.

. Pelecanus crispus, Bruch.

Dalmatian Pelican.

Order IV. HERODII.
Family ARDEID A.

. Ardea cinerea, Linn.

Common Heron.

.. Ardea purpurea, Linn.

Purple Heron.

. Ardea melanocephala, Childr.

Black-necked Heron.

. Ardea alba, Linn.

Great White Egret.

. Ardea garzetta, Linn.

Lesser Egret.

. Ardea bubuleus, Audouin.

Bufft-backed Heron.

. Ardea ralloides, Scop.

Squacco Heron.

. Ardetta minuta (Linn.).

Little Bittern.

. Nycticorax griseus (Linn.).

Night-Heron.

. Botaurus stellaris (Linn.).

Bittern.

. Botaurus lentiginosus (Mont.).

American Bittern.

Family CICONIID A.

. Ciconia alba, Bechst.

White Stork.

403. Ciconia nigra (Linn.).
Black Stork.

Family PLATALEID4.

404. Platalea leucorodia, Linn.
Spoonbill.

Family IBIDA4.
405, Ibis comata (Riipp.).
Red-cheeked Ibis.

406, Plegadis falcinellus (Linn.).
Glossy Ibis.

Family PHOSNICOPTERID:.

407. Phenicopterus roseus, Pall.
Flamingo.

Order V. ANSERES.
Family ANATIDK.

408. Anser cinereus, Meyer.
Grey-lag Goose.

409, Anser segetum (Ginel.).
Bean-Goose.

410. Anser brachyrhynchus, Baill.
Pink-footed Goose.

411. Anser albifrons (Scop.).
White-fronted Goose.

412, Anser erythropus (Linn.).
Lesser White-fronted Goose.

413. Bernicla brenta (Pall.).
Brent Goose.

414, Bernicla leucopsis (Bechst.).
Bernacle Goose.

415. Bernicla ruficollis (Pall.).
Red-breasted Goose.

416. Chen albatus (Cassin).
Cassin’s Snow-Goose.

417. Chen hyberboreus (Pall.).
Snow-Goose.

418. Cygnus olor (Gmel.).
Mute Swan.

440,

. Cygnus immutabilis, Yarr.

Polish Swan.

. Cygnus musicus, Bechst.

Whooper Swan.

. Cygnus bewickt, Yarr.

Bewick’s Swan.

2. Tadorna cornuta (Gmel.).

Common Sheldrake.

3. Tadorna casarca (Linn.).

Ruddy Sheldrake.

. Anas boscas, Linn.

Mallard.

. Anas angustirostris, Ménétr.

Marbled Duck.

. Chaulelasmus streperus (Linn.).

Gadwall.

’. Spatula clypeata (Linn.).

Shoveller.

. Querquedula crecca (Linn.).

Common Teal.

. Querquedula circia, Linn.

Garganey Teal.

Querquedula formosa (Georgi).

Baikal Teal.

. Querquedula falcata (Georgi).

Falcated Teal.

. Dafila acuta (Linn.).

Pintail.

. Mareca penelope (Linn.).

Wigeon.

. Fuligula ferina (Linn.).

Pochard.

. Fuligula rufina (Pall.).

Red-crested Pochard.

. Fuligula marila (Linn.).

Scaup.

. Fuligula cristata (Leach).

Tufted Duck.

. Nyroca ferruginea (Gmel.).

White-eyed Duck.

. Clangula albeola (Linn.).

Buftel-headed Duck.

Clangula glaucion (Linn.).
Goldeneye.

bo
io)

. Clangula islandica (Gmel.).

Barrow’s Goldeneye.

. Cosmonetta histrionica (Linn.).

Harlequin Duck.

443, Harelda glactalis (Linn.).

444.

Long-tailed Duck.

Somateria mollissima (Linn.).
Eider Duck.

. Somateria spectabilis (Linn.).

King Eider.

. Somateria stellert (Pall.).

Steller’s Duck.

. Edemia fusca (Linn.).

Velvet Scoter.

. Edemia nigra (Linn.).

Common Scoter.

. Edemia perspicillata (Linn.).

Surf-Scoter.

. Erismatura leucocephala (Scop.).

White-headed Duck.

. Mergus merganser, Linn.

Goosandey.

. Mergus serrator, Linn.

Red-breasted Merganser.

. Mergus albellus, Linn.

Smew.

SCHIZOGNATH &.

Order I. COLUMBZ.
Family COLUMBID4.

. Columba palumbus, Linn.

Ring-Dove.

. Columba livia, Bonnat.

Rock-Dove.

. Columba enas, Linn.

Stock-Dove.

. Columba bollii, Godm.

Bolle’s Pigeon.

. Columba laurivora, Webb & Berth.

Canarian Pigeon.

30

459. Columba trocaz, Heinek.
Madeiran Pigeon.

460. Turtur communis, Selby.
Turtle Dove.

461. Turtur orientalis (Lath.).
Asiatic Turtle Dove.

462. Turtur isabellinus, Bp.
Isabelline Turtle Dove.

463. Turtur risorius (Linn.).
Collared Turtle-Dove.

464. Turtur senegalensis (Linn.).
Egyptian Turtle Dove.

Family PTEROCLID As.
465. Pterocles arenarius (Pall.).
Black-bellied Sand-Grouse.

466. Pterocles alchata (Linn.).
Pin-tailed Sand-Grouse.

467. Syrrhaptes paradoxus (Pall.).
Pallas’s Sand-Grouse.

Order II. GALLINA.
Family PHASIANID-E.

468. Phastanus colchicus, Linn.
Pheasant.

469. Caccabis saxatilis (Meyer).
Greek Partridge.

470. Caccabis chukar (G. R. Gray).
Chukor Partridge.

471. Caccabis rufa (Linn.).
Red-legged Partridge.

472. Caccabis petrosa (Gmnel.).
Barbary Partridge.

473. Ammoperdix bonhami (G. R. Gray).
Seesee Partridge.

474, Francolinus vulgaris, Steph.
Francolin.

475, Perdix cinerea, Lath.
Partridge.

476. Coturnix communis, Bonnat.
Common Quail.

3|

Family TETRAONID.

. Lagopus mutus, Leach.

Common Ptarmigan,

. Lagopus scoticus (Lath.).

Red Grouse.

. Lagopus rupestris (Gmel.).

Rock-Ptarmigan.

. Lagopus hemileucurus, Gould.

Spitzbergen Ptarmigan.

. Lagopus albus (Gmel.).

Willow-Ptarmigan.

2. Bonasa betulina (Scop.).

Hazel-Grouse.

3. Tetrao tetrix, Linn.

Black Grouse.

. Tetrao mlokosiewicxu, Taczan.

Georgian Black Grouse.

. Tetrao urogallus, Linn.

Capercaillie.

. Tetraogallus caucasicus (Pall.).

Caucasian Snow-Partridge.

. Tetraogallus caspius (Gmel.).

Caspian Snow-Partridge.

Family TURNICID/.

. Turnix sylvatica (Desf.).

Andalucian Hemipode.

Order III. GRALLZ.
Family RALLID/L.

» Rallus aquaticus, Linn.

Water-Rail.

. Porzana maruetta (Leach),

Spotted Crake.

. Porzana bailoni (Vieill.).

Baillon’s Crake.

2. Porzana parva (Scop.).

Little Crake.

. Crex pratensis, Bechst.

Land-Rail.

494,

495.

496.

Porphyrio ceruleus (Vandelli).
Purple Gallinule.

Porphyrio smaragdonotus, Temm.
Green-backed Gallinule.

Porphyrio allent, T. R. H. Thomps.
Allen’s Gallinule.

497. Gallinula chloropus (Linn.).

498.

499.

507.

Moorhen.

Fulica cristata, Gmel.
Crested Coot.

Fulica atra, Linn.
Common Coot.

Family GRUID.

. Grus communis, Bechst.

Common Crane.

. Grus virgo (Linn.).

Demoiselle Crane.

. Grus leucogeranus, Pall.

Siberian Crane.

Order IV. LIMICOLZE.
Family OTID A.

. Otis tarda, Linn.

Great Bustard.

. Otis tetrax, Linn.

Little Bustard.

5. Otis undulata (Jacq.).

Houbara Bustard.

. Otis macqueeni, J. FE. Gray.

Macqueen’s Bustard.

Family GEDICNEMID,

(Edienemus scolopax (Gmel.).
Stone-Curlew.

Family GLAREOLID A.

8. Glareola pratincola, Linn.

Common Pratincole.

509.

Or
bS
N“N

Gilareola melanoptera, Nordm.

Nordmann’s Pratincole.

Family CHARADRITDE.

. Cursortus gallicus (Gmel.).

Cream-coloured Coursey.

. Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.

Golden Plover.

. Charadrius fulvus, Gmel.

Eastern Golden Plover.

. Squatarola helvetica (Linn.).

Grey Plover.

. Aigialitis geoffroyt (Wagl.).

Greater Sand-Plover.

. Aigialitis asiatica (Pall.).

Caspian Plover.

. Agialitis cantiana (Lath.).

Kentish Plover.

. Agialitis curonica (Gmel.).

Lesser Ringed Plover.

. Asgialitis hiaticula (Linn.).

Ringed Plover.

. Ludromias morinellus (Linn.).

Dotterel.

. Pluvianus egyptius (Linn.).

Black-headed Plover.

. Chettusia gregaria (Pall.).

Sociable Plover.

2. Chettusia leucura (Licht.).

White-tailed Lapwing.

. Hoplopterus spinosus (Linn.).

Spur-winged Plover.

. Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst.

Lapwing.

. Strepsilas interpres (Linn.).

Turnstone.

. Hematopus ostralegus, Linn.

Oystercatcher.

Family SCOLOPACIDAL

. Recurvirostra avocetta, Linn.

Avocet,

33

. Himantopus candidus, Bonnat.

Black-winged Stilt.

- Phalaropus hyperboreus (Linn.).

Red-necked Phalarope.

. Phalaropus fulicarius, Linn.

Grey Phalarope.

. Scolopax rusticula, Linn.

Woodcock.

. Gallinago major (Gmel.).

Double Snipe.

- Gallinago celestis (Frenzel).

Common Snipe.

- Gallinago gallinula (Linn.).

Jack Snipe.

. Limicola platyrhyncha (Temm.).

Broad-billed Sandpiper.

. Tringa maculata, Vieill.

Pectoral Sandpiper.

. Tringa fuscicollis, Vieill.

Bonaparte’s Sandpiper.

. Tringa alpina, Linn,

Dunlin,

. Tringa minuta, Leisl.

Little Stint.

. Tringa temmincki, Leis).

Temminck’s Stint.

» Tringa minutilla, Vieill.

American Stint.

. Tringa subarquata (Guld.).

Pygmy Curlew.

. Tringa striata, Linn.

Purple Sandpiper.

» Tringa canutus, Linn.

not.

. Machetes pugnax (Linn.).
Ruff.

. Calidris arenaria (Linn.),

Sanderling.

. Tryngites rufescens (Vieill.).

Buff-breasted Sandpiper.

. Bartramia longicauda (Bechst.).

Bartram’s Sandpiper.

. Totanus hypoleucus (Linn.).

Common Sandpiper.

34

. Totanus ochropus (Linn.).

Green Sandpiper.

. Totanus glareola (Linn.).

Wood-Sandpiper.

. Totanus stagnatilis, Bechst.

Marsh-Sandpiper.

. Totanus calidris (Linn.).

Common Redshank.

554, Totanus fuscus (Linn.).

Spotted Redshank.

. Totanus canescens (Gmel.).

Greenshank.

. Macrorhamphus griseus (Gmel.).

Red-breasted Snipe.

. Terekia cinerea (Guld.).

Terek Sandpiper.

. Limosa lapponica (Linn.).

Bar-tailed Godwit.

. Limosa egocephala (Linn.).

Black-tailed Godwit.

. Numenius borealis (Forst.).

Esquimaux Curlew.

. Numenius pheopus (Linn.).

W himbrel.

. Numenius tenutrostris, Vieill.

Slender-billed Curlew.

. Numenius arquata (Linn.).

Common Curlew.

Order V. GAVIA.
Family LARID A.

Subfamily STERNINZ.

. Sterna macrura, Naum.

Arctic Tern.

. Sterna fluviatilis, Naum.

Common Tern.

. Sterna dougalli, Mont.

Roseate Tern.

. Sterna minuta, Linn.

Little Tern.

. Sterna media, Cretzschm.

Allied Tern.

569.

588.

589.

36

Sterna caspia, Pall.
Caspian Tern.

. Sterna anglica, Mont.

Gull-billed Tern.

. Sterna cantiaca, Gmel.

Sandwich Tern.

. Sterna fuliginosa, Gmel.

Sooty Tern.

. Hydrochelidon hybrida (Pall.).

Whiskered Tern.

. Hydrochelidon leucoptera (Schinz).

White-winged Black Tern.

. Hydrochelidon migra (Linn.).

Black Tern.

Subfamily Larinz.

. Xema sabinii (Sabine).

Sabine’s Gull.

. Rhodostethia rosea (Macgill.).

Cuneate-tailed Gull.

. Pagophila eburnea (Phipps).

Iyory Gull.

. Larus ridibundus, Linn.

Black-headed Gull.

. Larus melanocephalus, Natt.

Adriatic Gull.

. Larus ichthyaetus, Pall.

Great Black-headed Gull.

. Larus minutus, Pall.

Little Gull.

. Larus canus, Linn.

Common Gull.

. Larus gelastes, Licht.

Slender-billed Gull.

. Larus audouint, Payr.

Audouin’s Gull.

. Larus argentatus, Gmel.

Herring-Gull.

. Larus leucopheus, Bruch.

Yellow-legged Herring-Gull.
Larus affinis, Reinh.
Siberian Herring-Gull.

Larus fuscus, Linn.

Lesser Black-backed Gull.

590.

591.

592.

593.

598.

599.

606.

607.

37
Larus marinus, Linn.
Greater Black-backed Gull.

Larus glaucus, Faby.
Glaucous Gull.

Larus leucopterus, Faber.
Iceland Gull.

Rissa tridactyla (Linn.).
Kittiwake.

Subfamily SreRcORARIINE.

. Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn.

Common Skua.

. Stercorarius pomatorhinus (Temm.).

Pomatorhine Skua.

. Stercorarius crepidatus (Banks).

Richardson's Skua.

. Stercorarius parasiticus (Linn.).

Bufton’s Skua.

Order VI. TUBINARES.
Family PROCELLARITDAs.

Procelluria pelagica, Linn.
Storm-Petrel.
Procellaria leucorrhoa, Vieill.

Leach’s Petrel.

. Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl).

Wilson’s Petrel.

. Puffinus kuhli (Boie).

Mediterranean Shearwater.

. Puffinus anglorum (Temm.).

Manx Shearwater.

. Puffinus griseus (Gmel.).

Sooty Shearwater.

. Puffinus major, Faber.

Great Shearwater.

. Fulmarus glacialis (Linn.).

Fulmar.

Gistrelata hesitata (Kuhl).
Capped Petrel.

Bulweria columbina (Moq.-Tand.).
Bulwer’s Petrel.

608.

609.

615.

38

Order VII. ALCZ.
Family ALCID&.

Alca torda, Linn.
Razorbill.

Alcea impennis, Linn.
Garefowl.

. Lomvia troile (Linn.).

Common Guillemot.

. Lomvia bruennichi (Sabine).

Briinnich’s Guillemot.

. Uria grylle (Linn.).

Black Guillemot.

3. Uria mandti, Licht.

Spitzbergen Guillemot.

. Mergulus alle (Linn. ).

Little Auk.

Fratercula arctica (Linn.).
Puffin.

Order VIII. PYGOPODES.
Family COLYMBID A.

. Colymbus glacialis, Linn.

Great Northern Diver.

. Colymbus arcticus, Linn.

Black-throated Diver.

. Colymbus septentrionalis, Linn.

Red-throated Diver.

Famity PODICIPITID.

. Podiceps cristatus (Linn.).

Great Crested Grebe.

. Podiceps griseigena (Bodd.).

Red-necked Grebe.

. Podiceps auritus (Linn.).

Sclavonian Grebe.

. Podiceps nigricollis (C. LL. Brehm).

Eared Grebe.

. Podiceps fluviatilis (Tunstall).

Little Grebe.

SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF SUBDIVISIONS.

AVES CARINATE.
AEGITHOG NATH.
Order I. PASSERES.
Suborder OscrnEs.

Section 1. Oscines dentirostres.

Bicomtly, Mardtcleey ec)... cre oa ve eisie wis
Subfamily Turdinze
(Cni@lines: Beane codon
Saxicolinze

deyiaciies| Saeco mene
Phylloscopinz......
Acrocephaline......

ID RyAMA CSCI EG cress) «c «
Crateropodins......

Family Accentoridee
LEP TOE) Oe moanooOemOEs
EPEC Osta.) cistes<ichetaiaistel se «
SHlAMGIES "6 6 olin BagiaDoN He

(Oia iniGks .a pepomto oe OMe
Troglodytidee
Motaeillndza 3. ofa. =:
PAVCNONOUEE «. eye ols chee
(OTTO) ake Seiten Sire ciek ae
LUCTUS Ger PbO por oon
Jinviihne to aGcmeo peter
Miner Gey GE oe oBUinsior Oo

@ 0) 0) 6.8. 6.61 ee) ¢ 0 0

9) 6 [elleeue!e e618

Section 2. Oscines latirostres.
Family Hirundinide............

Section 3. Oscines conirostres.
Family Fringillide
Subfamily Fringillinz
Loxiine
Emberizine........

Moo 510 O60 ice Ceet

stave) 'e7 shes

Section 4. Oscines scutelliplantares.

F Page
Family: Alandidge: 7." sace5 oe: a,
Section 5. Oscines cultrirostres.
Family Sturmid! 5 osc <. fs 18

Corvin naan etersioe ocr 19
Order II. MACROCHIRES.
Family Gypselidze v.21 -sjese-t 20
Caprimulgide .......... 20
Order IL. PICT.
amily Picid 9s Ao. s-sny.) ore ere 20
Pubiamubysbreinee.... ase ct eee 20
anvils aa enters bO06 21
DESMOGNATHA.

Order I. COCCYGES.

Suborder CoccyGES ANISODACTYLI.

Family Alcedinide ...........--. 21
Coraciidstyn sad sae aca 2]
Meropidss cvecae asec: 22
Wipupidte crassa. hate 22

Suborder CoccyGES ZYGODACTYLI.
Family Cuculide .............. 22
Order II. ACCIPITRES.
Suborder STRIGES.

Family Strigidte .............. 22
IB{nl ovens) | GooanoeGnoaos 22

40 SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF SUBDIVISIONS.

Suborder ACCIPITREs.

Page
Family, Wolturidi...-.5s50 sl oes 25
inal coma coleeeeeeieeeerion 23

Order IT. STEGANOPODES.

Family Pelecanide ............ 25
Order IV. HERODII.

Blamiliy, oA rd Cid ee se sec wicios wie cete 26
(Greil 6 phod qosoeaooc 26
iPlataleid eave cet esc cere Hi
| El aVKG Ee Ve pone MGR eRe ee o7
Pheenicopteridee ........ 27

Order V. ANSERES.

Marilyn ACALIG Gi pea ao stale mel oer 27
SCHIZOGNATHE.
Order I. COLUMBZ.

Family Columbide ............ 29
lene 5550. 0000 amu C 3
Order II. GALLINA.

Family Phasianide ............ 3
(Meyamionuntes) HagooasaGaor 3
AMisunvratshsy alj.qatu do cuca n 31

Order III. GRALLA.

Page
Family (Rallidss 7.0 ¢peceeeeeneee 31
Gruida |. «7... Scene 32
Order IV. LIMICOL.
Family Otidie..\....konece eee 32
Cidicnemidts "2s e nearer 52
Glareolidas seer 52
Charadriid® “57 pee 33
Scolopacidie <).. as. -eeer st)
Order V. GAVLAE.
Family larid* 3.5 beeen 3
Subfamlly Sternine .......... 55
Tiarina .%3..).set ete 36
Stercorariinse ...... 37
Order VI. TUBINARES.
Family Procellariide............ 37
Order VIT. ALCAK.

Family Alcidge..4-..¢ seeteeeiemer 38
Order VIII. PYGOPODES.
Family Colymbide ...-5....5.. 38

Podicipitides .. 6s -2e 38

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

A HISTORY

oF

THE BIRDS OF EUROPE

(INCLUDING ALL THE SPECIES INHABITING THE WESTERN PALA-
ARCTIC REGION).

BY
H. E. DRESSER, F.LS., F.Z.8., &c.,

MEMBER OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, OF THE IMPERIAL SOCIETY
OF NATURALISTS OF MOSCOW, OF THE GERMAN ORNITHOLOGICAL
SOCIETY, CORR. MEMB. OF THE BOSTON SOCIETY OF
NATURAL HIsToRY, &c., &e.

Exceptine the General Index and a short Introduction, which wi
together form a thin separate volume, the work is now complete an

ready for binding.

It contains nearly 5000 pages of letterpress and more than 600 han:
coloured Plates by Josspx Worr, J. G. Kevutemans, and HE. NzArz, a
forms seven thick quarto volumes, for which titlepages, specially design
by Josep Woxrr, are issued.

The stones being erased and the type distributed, the work is now out
print. A few complete copies are, however, still unsold; and intendi
purchasers are requested to apply to the AuTHor direct, at

THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 11 HANOVER SQUARE, W.,
or 6 TENTERDEN STREET, HANOVER SQUARE, LONDON, W.

Price, FIFTY GUINEAS.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

LENO
SATA A ATA
S088 002932b8 4

nhbird QL677.D77
list of European birds