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LIST OF MICMAC NAMES

PLACES, RIVERS, ETC, IN NOVA SGOTIA.

Compiled by ELIZABETH FRAME.

LIST OF MICMAC NAMES

OF

PLACES, RIVERS, ETC, IN NOVA SCOTIA.

Compiled by ELIZABETH ipRAME.

CAMBRIDGE: JOHN WILSON AND SON.

Sanibcrsitg Press. 1892.

^*

NOTE.

The following list of Micmac names of places, rivers, etc., in Nova Scotia and neighborhood was compiled, at my request, by Miss Elizabeth Frame, of Shubenacadie, for the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and was duly presented at the meeting on June 9, 1892. She was aided in her labors by a Micmac Indian, as well as by the published works of Mr. Gesner and Dr. Rand. It is now printed at the expense of a gentleman of Cambridge, who is interested in Indian philology.

S. A. G. Boston, August 20, 1892.

The Micmac left no sculptured gods,

No temples made of stone ; In misty caves, in storm-tossed clouds,

Manitou dwelt alone.

But names remain on hill and plain

Of this once powerful race, And in those liquid Micmac words

Their presence yet we trace

Where Aspatogon lifts her brow,

Unblushing, to the sea; Where crashing ice-cakes dash and break

On lonely Scatarie ;

Where turbid waters seethe and foam Eound Glooscap, Chebooktook ;

On Tusket's Isles where sea-gulls rest, And heron on Panuke ;

The rushing tides in Pesiquid,

And Shubenacadie ; The level meads of Tantramar;

The falls of Konomee.

No Micmac now on Cobequid

Hunts moose or caribou; And alien races change the names

Which first were named by you.

E. F.

SOUND OF LETTERS IN MICMAC.

The consonants are sounded as in English : g is always hard, as in go, egg, and c exactly like k ; ch as in church ; h follow- ing a vowel in the same syllable (as in ahk) is a soft guttural, like the German ch in Ich. There is no / in Micmac ; when at- tempting to pronounce French or English words which contain this letter, the Indians give it the sound of b or p.

The vowels are sounded thus: a, as in father ; a, as in fate; a, as in fat; a, as the second a in abaft; e, as in me; e as in met; ei, as i in pine; i, as i in pin; o, as in no; 6 as in not; u, as in tube, use; u, as in tub; oo, as in fool, Tiiove ; 66 as in good, ivood; ow, as in now. When any vowel is doubled, as aa, aa, ee, 5, the usual sound is prolonged, and takes the accent, but the place for the accent is the penult. 'M or 'N at the beginning of a word with the accent marked, is sounded without a vowel.

The following are examples of the peculiarity termed "holo- phrastic," where a single word stands for a sentence : —

Boon, the sitting place, the cross-piece on which the pad- dler sits.

Bodsengch, let us take a trip by water, let us go in a canoe.

Epkw6se, I have a shelter from the rain over my head.

Kamatk, bushes yonder, beyond a cleared place.

Nespe, to be stopping in the wigwam to take care of it, while the others are away.

New6pskitk, the bed of the river is dry, and the rocks are bare.

■W6pk, the morning light, — " the opening of the eye of the morninEf."

LIST OF MICMAC NAMES

OF

PLACES, RIVERS, ETC.

Ababe, a boundary.

Abaktooe, the great auk.

Abe, a bow for an arrow.

Agamok, white ash.

Agoom^kun, Apple River, Cum- berland County.

Agoomakiinuk, Sand River, Cum- berland County.

Ah-mah-gops-ke-geek, tumbling- over rocks ; Tangier River.

Ajeok'chemin, a blackberry.

Akkada, abundance of things ; plenty of ground-nuts ; hence Acudie (French).

Akum, a snow-shoe, raquette.

Amlamekw', a mackerel.

Anesaak, Salmon River.

Ansaakw, New Harbor.

Apcheechkumoochwaakade, Duck land. Hence the French name Canard River.

Apsiboogwechk', Port le Bear.

Aseedik, Lunenburg.

Asooemanokse, a creeping black- berry vine.

Aspatogon, a headland on the Atlantic.

Baktaba', a bay.

Bauook, the first lake as you ascend a river.

Banooopskek, opening out through

rocks, as Penobscot. Banooskek, entrance into Bras d'Or

Lake. Banoskek, a water passage between

two lakes. Ba'pkokte'k, Argyle. B^pkook, the birch bark will ea- sily peel. Bislooaakade, St. Peter's Island,

near Prince Edward Island. Bookt, the head of a bay. Booktawi'chk, rum, from Booktaoo, fire ; hence fire-water ;

alcohol. Booktouiaygun, fireworks ; Toney

River. Bookto-waagun, Mill Creek on the

River Hebert in Cumberland Co. Boonamookwode, Salmon River,

Yarmouth. Bostoon, America. Bostoonkawaach, an American. Bostoonkawoo'lkw, an American

vessel. Brooksake, Charlottetown Harbor,

Prince Edward Island.

Cajj-booginek, winding through

the wilderness ; River John. Caliiget, Carraget Harbor.

LIST OF MICMAC NAMES OF PLACES, RIVERS, ETC

Cansoke, facing the frowning cliff ;

Canso. Caskumpec, flowing through the

sand ; Cascumpec, P. E. Island. Caydybunnygek, clam diggings ;

Boot Island, Ilorton. Chebookt, Halifax, from Ukche-

bookt, the largest harbor or bay. Cheenia, to paddle a canoe. Chegaoo, bass, a fish. Chegumakun, a rattle, an Indian

tambourine. Chijikwtook', Cornwallis River. Chikchowwegunechwa'-wdso-

"wek'i a rose. Chikchowwegunejul, roseberries ;

also the name of an orange. ChipchovvweGh', a robin. C-wesomallygeek, Hardwood

Ridge, Cumberland.

Ebedek, Bedeque, P. E. Island. Elmunakuncheech, Little Sevogal

River. Elsetkook', Bear River in ]S^ova

Scotia. Emsiik, Port JoUi. Eppayguit, anchored on the wave ;

Prince Edward Island. Eskiimaaga, to eat raw flesh ; hence

the name of the eskimo Indians,

eaters of raw flesh. Eskumiinaak', Mount Skumunak. Eskumiinaak, Point Skimenack, in

New Brunswick. Eskwodek', Murray Harbor, P.E. I. Espakiimegek, high land. Green

Hill, Pictou County.

Gaspich, Gaspe ; far into the wa- ter.

Glooscap, a manitou who dwelt in the Bay of Fundy, at Blomidon.

Goolwagopskooch, Port George.

Gul-wahgahgek, the home of the sea-cow ; Quaco, New Brunswick,

Inskooomadeedich, Lakeland, N.S.

Kabem, the border of a lake.

Kag^weamkek, Port Hood.

Kakagwek, a place of dried meat ; now Hantsport, in Hants Co.

Kakwoleegigiin, a snow-bank.

Kaleboo, caribou.

Kaleboode, a shovel. Hence Kalg- boo, caribou, the shoveller, be- cause they shovel up the snow with their broad feet in digging down for the moss on which they feed.

Katkooch' and Katkoolch', Brook- lyn, Queens Co., Nova Scotia.

Keaskiinoo'gwejit, a mighty chop- per, a fabulous being who cuts down trees ; you hear the chop- ping, the workman is invisible, but the tree falls.

Kebamke^k', Bathurst, on the Bay of Chaleur.

Kebapskitk, the stream that con- nects two lakes.

The six lakes on the Livei-pool River, as you go up stream :

1. Panook.

2. Kedooskek'.

3. Pushugook'.

4. Kejimkoojik.

5. Imiitkaak.

6. Toobeadoogook.

Lakes on Salmon River, east of Halifax :

1. Usoogomtisoog-wedamk'.

2. Milpaachk.

3. Utkoskwaachk.

4. Kloocheowpaach. 6. Nemchenokpaachk.

6. Noogoomkiibaak.

7. Mtabes-waakade (where

mud-catfish abound). On Port Medway River are :

1. Banook.

2. Maligeak'.

LIST OF MICMAC NAMES OF PLACES, RIVERS, ETC,

9

Kebbek, narrows ; Quebec.^

Kegiimoosk, Little River, a brancli of the Kestigouche.

Kekwajoo, a badger.

Keuomee, Sandy Point, now Econ- omy, in Colchester County.

Kesapskfll, Apesookaam Lake.

Kesegoo, an aged man.

Kesegooaak'w, an aged porpoise or seal.

Kesegoo'e, an aged bird.

Kesegooeeskw, an aged woman.

Kesegook, an aged porcupine.

Kesegoo'msk, an aged beaver.

Kesegoo'sum, an aged dog.

Kesegoo'tkw, an aged cow, moose, horse.

Keskaak, the wood is broad.

Keskoospaak, Little E,ivei\

Keskutkwek', the river is broad.

Kesokiidek', the neighborhood of Archibald's Mills at Truro.

Kesoosko-w6stoogwek', Middle Elver, Pictou.

KesooskwostoogTvek, Little Riv- er, a branch of Sheet Harbor River.

Kespabggea'chk, Big Kespebae- dak'.

KeespoogMritk, Land's End, Yar- mouth.

Kikcheboog-wek, Cavendish, Prince Edward Island.

Kitpoo, an eagle.

Kitpooaakade, Cape Shubenacadie.

Kitpoo-aykaddy, a place of eagles, near the river Shubenacadie, now known as the Eagles' Nest.

Kloopskeaakade, Bird Island.

Kobet, a beaver.

Kobetek', Aylesford Bog.

Koo'koogwes', an owl.

Kookumijenagwanak', Cape Dol-

, phin.

Koolpesoo'n, an anchor.

Koolpijooik, Petpiswick Harbor.

Koospem, a lake.

Kow-week, porcupine quills.

Ktadoosok, Saguenay River.

Kulokwejook, Mary Joseph, below Halifax.

Kiilumooejeinanokse, bilberry.

K-webek, the head of the tide, now Bedford.

Kwemoodeech, Pope's Harbor.

Kwesomalegek', a hard-wood Point, now Fort Lawrence.

Kwesow-'waak, a cape of land.

Logumkeegun, Shelburne. Liintook', deer.

Luskuch, jNIanadoo in Cape Breton. Lustegooch, Restigouche River.

Maak^n, Maccan River in Cumber- land County.

Mabou, a river in Cape Breton.

Madawaak, a point where two riv- ers come together.

1 This is beyond question the origin of the name of the city of Quebec. The French pronounce Quebec not kwe-bek, as the English do, but keb-bek, tlie exact pronunciation of the Indian word. The " Narrows," above Halifax Harbor, and a narrow place in the Liverpool River just below Milton, are thus named by the Indians. The sj'Uabie keb or kep, which is the same exactty in meaning, means to stop or impede, to choke up, etc. Many words begin with this syllable; as, kebejokum, to stop a hole; kebejokteskum, to shut a door; kebadagvira', to be hoarse, to have the voice impeded ; kebaadoo, to stanch blood ; kebap- skitk, the stream is obstructed by rocks ; kebamkoogwek, the mouth of the river is obstructed by sand thrown in by the waves ; kebe-skoouei, my nose is stopped ; etc.

10

LIST OF MICMAC NAMES OF PLACES, EIVERS, ETC.

Magepskegechk', tumbling over large rocks; Gaspereaux River, in Horton, King's County.

MajeoktSliguu Liitkaamun, an arrow.

Makpaak, IMalpeque, in P. E. I.

Makpaachk, first and second lakes on Moses River.

Malipkaiich', a hazel-nut.

Maskwe, general name for bark.

Maycobegilk, end of the flowing (meaning the bound of the rush- ing water, the tide or bore) ; Cobequid, Truro, now Salmon River.

Meg^inaage, Nova Scotia ; land of the Micraacs.

Megwa'jijik, the Red Indians of Newfoundland.

Megwas-a', Belfast in P. E. Island.

Memkaak-kwgsawa', Pandora Point.

MgnagwSs', St. John, N. B.

Meuichk, a berry.

Menoody, a bay; Minudie, Cum- berland County.

Meowch', a puss, a cat.

Mes-adek, Long Island, Horton, Nova Scotia.

Meseebakuniik', Sambro Cape.

Mespaak, Cape Mispek.

Migoonaasit, the out-spreader; a peacock.

Mijeogiin, St. Lawrence River.

Milasiik, Bridgeport.

Milapskegechk, third lake on Mo- ses River.

Milchegaach, Meander River in Newport, Hants County.

Mimkvyokun, an acorn.

Mirnkwonmoose, the oak.

Misegumisk', Scraggy Lake.

Mistoogook, Mistouche River.

Moinawa, bear's meat.

Moo-aiimook, he is from home.

Mooin, a bear.

Mooinei', a bear-skin. Moosegisk', the atmosphere. Mootpoon, an animal's bed. Mpogiin, a bed. Misookweel, the bark for building

a canoe. 'Mtaban', mud bridge; Wolfville,

Nova Scotia. Mtae, a beaver-skin. Mtoodook, Little River, Mira,

Cape Breton. Mtinagesflnook', the Magdalen

Islands. Miina'pskw, a ledge of rocks. Miindoo, Satan. This is the Algon-

kin name for the Great Spirit,

but applied to the devil by the

first Christian missionaries. Mundooapskw, Devil's Rock, now

Jeddore Rock. Muneskoochk', Muddy Creek,

Prince Edward Island. MunkwSn', the rainbow. Musquodoboit, sparkling water, a

river in Halifax County.

Nabiidagwgn'igun, a basket han- dle.

Naookteboogooik, big pond.

Napan, Napan in Cumberland Co.

Napiiskwa', to string beads.

Nebe, a leaf.

Ngbeltook', Bartibog, name of a place.

NegAvek, Negwak Island.

Neleg^kunek, Newport River.

Neliksaak, Arichat.

Nenicheboogwek', Middle River, Cape Breton.

Nemtakay&k', Nemtage River.

Nepigiguit, on Chaleur Bay.

Neseamk', Sable River, Nova Scotia.

Nictahk, forks ; Nictau.

Noel, where the ice-cakes float loosely.

LIST OF MICMAC NAMES OF PLACES, RIVERS, ETC.

11

Noogoomke&k', Moses River. Noos-abon, the river Noosaboon. 'Ntooa'gwakiin, Lot 49, Prince

Edward Island. 'Ntiibloo, an army.

Ogoinkige6k', Liverpool River,

Nova Scotia. Oochaadooch, Margaree River's

mouth, Cape Breton. Oochogfim, a point covered with

oak. Ooiastook, St. John River, New

Brunswick. Oonban, a moose's bed. Oonegiin, portage. Oonikskwomkook, Point Miskwe. Owoolakiimooejit, Famine, figu- ratively represented as an evil

being. O-wwSkiin, Portage River, Mira-

machi, New Brunswick.

Paakwaak, stop here, you cannot go any further ; Pockwock Lake.

Pajedoobaachk, Oyster Pond.

Palamooa' Seboo, Salmon River, Truro.

Paspege'ak, Paspebeek, Prospect.

Pedeadek, ignis fatuus.

Pege, a side of meat, including all the ribs.

Pemamke&k', Sand Island, Mira- machi.

Pentagouet, a river in New Bruns- wick.

Pessyquid, flowing squarely into the sea ; Avon River in Windsor, Hants County.

Petkootkwe&k', Peticodiac River.

Petoobok, Bras d'Or Lake in Cape Breton.

Pijenooiskak, La Have River.

Piktook, Pictou.

Piktoo'jiik, Martin's River, Col- chester, Nova Scotia.

Pogumkek', Pomket Harbor.

Ponhook, the first lake in a chain.

Poogunikpechk, Pictou Harbor.

Pookudapskw5de, Cape Porcu- pine, on the Strait of Canso.

Pootaleawa', a basket.

Pugooopskook, Owl's Head in Hants County.

Pulamoo, salmon.

Piilowecha Miiwego, Partridge Island.

Piilow-wech, a partridge.

Saa-gaa-bun, the Micmac potato.

Saa-gaa-bun-akady, the place wiiere the Micmac potato grows (Shubenacadie).

Sakpulkweak, there is wet snow and ice there.

Sasageem, a bare foot.

Sasoo Goole, Jesus Christ.

Sebiskaddkuncheech, Miscou

Gully, Cape Breton.

Seboo, a river.

Sebunisk', Lockport, Nova Scotia.

Segfibfinakade, Shubenacadie.

Sesetkook, Chezetcook.

Sesip or Sesipcheech', a bird.

Ses-moguii, sugar.

Sigiinikt', Chignecto.

Simkook, Petite River in Lunen- burg.

Skudakiimoochooowte, Milky Way; the spirits' road.

Stewiacke, where the fresh water joins the salt ; a river in Colches- ter County.

Sumskwes', Pumpkin Island.

Sunow', sugar maple.

Tabooetooetun, Rustico, P. E. I.

TaooSpskik, the river runs out be- tween rocks. Hence the name of the Annapolis River, Taooopskik.

Tawitk, Petite Passage, N. S.

Team, a moose.

12

LIST OF MICMAC NAMES OF PLACES, RIVERS, ETC.

Tesogv^ode, Pirate's Cove, on Can- so Strait.

Tooetiinook', Avon River, Hants County.

Tuliigadik, Grand Lake, Halifax County.

Ukcheseeboo, a large river.

Uktakumkook', Newfoundland.

Ukwtakun, starvation ; in the In- dian legends represented as a quasi demigod, whose howling and approach indicate death and destruction.

UIgedoo, a mushroom.

Ulgedook', Port Medway.

Ulnoo, a man, as distinguished from all other animals.

Ulnooe, to be a man, an Indian.

Ulnoojech, the eyeball, the little Indian, manikin.

Umkoome, ice.

Upkoo, gum.

Upk-wavsreeg&n', Oak Point in Cornwallis.

Upskimkook, Petite River in Hants County.

Utkiibok, Chebogue.

Wagobagitk', literally, the bay runs far up ; hence Cobequid.

Wechkv/emke&k', Mizzen Point.

Wedaweiak', the rain patters on the roof.

Wegoon, a bean.

Weijooik, Sheet Harbor. Weiopsk, a bead. "Weisis, a beast. Wejo^wtik, Point Prim. Weiikuch', Margaree River, Cape

Breton. Wiskusok, Milpagech', Nenas^-

kiinek', and Pedawikpaak are

Tangier Lakes. "Wisiinawon, Gay's River, in Hali- fax County. "Wobaboookchiik, white waters,

Elm Tree River. "WSbeakade, literally Swan land,

now Broad River Lake. "Wojeechk, Pereaux in Cornwallis. Wokuloopskusow', Marble Head. "Wokumeak', jSTine-Mile River in

Hants County. Wokiimutkook, Middle River,

Nova Scotia. Woliimk-waka'giiniichk, Port

Mulgrave. WSlunkSk', Beaver Harbor. "Wonpaak, Cole Harbor. ■Wosetumooek, Newel River. Wosoksegek', Martin's Point, near

Londonderry, Colchester County,

on Debert River. ■W6s6g-wesoo-gw6de, Petite in

Hants County, on the bay. Wospegeak', Shoal Bay. Wospooijiktook, among the seals ;

Herring I'oint, New Brunswick.

Yap Team, a bull moose.

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