LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE No. Date _(q_t r_LS_l3 Source__A I M M * ; » . A LIST OF Punts Growing Without Cultivation Franklin, Hampshire and Hampden Counties MASSACHUSETTS By GEORGE E. STONE, Professor of Botany at the Massachusetts Agricultural College AMHERST, MASS. PRESS OF CARPENTER & MOREHOUSE 1913 SZ0.°f74- S t fl i Additions and Corrections. The following plants are introduced instead of native, as indicated in the text: Amaranthus hybridus L. and forma hypochondriacus L., p. 26. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., p. 38. Insert p. 29, after R. abortivus L. : Ranculatus abortivus L. var. eucyclus Fernald. Springfield, L. Andrews. Insert p. 31, after Alyssum : Thlaspi arvense L. Springfield, L. Andrews. Insert p. 32, after S. officinale (L.) Scop. var. leiocarpn?n DC. : Sisymbrium altissimum L. Springfield, L. Andrews. I I r The first effort toward a systematic study of the native plants of this region was made by Pres. Edward Hitchcock1 about 1817. The results of his explorations were published in 1829, and for many years very little was added to this list except what Prof. Tuckerman and others published in contemporary scientific journals. In 1875 Prof. Edward Tuckerman, 2 who for many years occupied the chair of his- tory and botany in Amherst College, published his “ Flora-Amherst- iensis,” in co-operation with Mr. Charles C. Frost, of Brattleboro, Vermont. This list is based on Pres. Hitchcock’s previous catalogue, but is much more extensive, including as it does an elaborate list of mosses, liverworts, lichens and fungi, and in all it contains nearly 3,000 species and varieties. It is unusually complete for its day, and repre- sents the work of skilled observers and systematists. Besides being largely responsible for the flowering plants and vas- cular cryptogams contained in the Flora, Prof. Tuckerman contrib- uted a very elaborate list of lichens, a most perplexing group of plants. He will always be remembered as the American pioneer in the study of lichens, and was from the first a thorough master of this difficult group, while he lived having no competitors. Even today his work remains unsurpassed and ranks as a classic. The comprehensive list of mosses, liverworts, fungi, etc., was con- tributed by Mr. Charles C. Frost, and quite a few of the fungi bear his name as authority. This self-educated man, whose trade was that of cobbler, spent his leisure moments in the study of these difficult groups. In 1887 Dr. N. A. Cobb, 3 then a teacher of science at Williston Seminary, but later government pathologist in New South Wales and now with the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C., published a revised edition of Prof. Tuckerman’s catalogue, in which new plants were added and the boundaries of others not so well known extended. Since Dr. Cobb’s catalogue in 1887 a few additions to the plants of the region have been published, appearing largely in Rhodora. Professional collectors and students from the various educational institutions located in the Connecticut valley have for years been active in collecting herbaria, and some new and rare plants have been 1 E. Hitchcock — Catalogue of Plants growing without Cultivation in the Vicinity of Amherst College. 2 E. Tuckerman — Catalogue of Plants growing without Cultivation within Thirty Miles of Amherst College. 3 N. A. Cobb.— A List of Plants Found Growing Wild within Thirty Miles of Amherst. IV brought to light. But since 1875 the study of botany has undergone many changes, and its present day problems differ greatly from those of former times. The systematises conception of a species has also changed, a finer discrimination in determining species being required at the present time. The nomenclature question, the constant split- ting up of species and the revision of families and genera are render- ing the subject more perplexing and less fascinating to at least the true nature loving botanist. In the present instance it has been .our intention to bring the flora up to date and modify its scope to include the three counties com- prising the Connecticut valley. These counties, whose boundaries are fairly uniform, represent a section extending from Connecticut to the New Hampshire and Vermont lines. The Connecticut valley forms a distinct area differing quite widely in its soil and climatic conditions from other sections of the state, the elevation ranging from less than 100 feet to only a few hundred feet. Here the elm reaches its great- est perfection, and on the higher slopes the rock maple finds its most congenial environment. The eastern part of the territory resembles that of Worcester county, and the general elevation ranges from 400 to about 1,200 feet ; while the western section, which has an elevation of 800 to 2,200 or more feet, and which is farther from the coast, re- sembles in many ways southern Vermont. On the higher elevations of our western range the golden hawkweed becomes a pest in fields, as in Vermont, although in the Connecticut valley this plant is not common enough to be a nuisance. Here, too, the soil conditions are more primitive, therefore humus plants are found more abundantly than elsewhere in the state. In this region grow forests of beech and red spruce, and the balsam fir and hackmatack are common. The diversified forms of plants which characterize a region and which we term its flora, represent adaptations to a more or less con- genial environment, and even during the relatively brief period of the settlement of New England many of our introduced plants undoubtedly became modified to a certain extent. Even species which are adapted to a much warmer climate than our own frequently prove themselves as hardy as our native species, whereas on the other hand, quite a few of our native trees, like the sycamore and others, are often affected by winter killing. There are many factors which play an important part in the distri- bution of plants of which we know little, and the problems involved are difficult of solution. Variations in the humus content, in the soil moisture or light intensity, may completely exterminate a species in a given locality. Continued deforestation has greatly modified our flora, many species having become rarer. Humus has played a very important role not only in affecting the predominence of certain V' species but in modifying their growth. Many such species as hem- lock, canoe birch, beech, hobblebush, round-leaved cornel (Cornus circinata L’Her) and others find less congenial conditions than for- merly. The hemlock has declined from a tree second in importance in the primitive forests to one of slight importance at the present time. Such plants as Hydrophyllum virginianum and canadense, cer- tain orchids and many others were no doubt always more or less rare or local, but at present they are very rare. In colonial times the wild strawberry was quite abundant in Massachusetts, and even less than a century ago it was fairly plentiful, but at present it is of no economic value except in our western territory. Some of the plants observed by Ur. Hitchcock nearly a century ago and included in this list have not been found since his time, and others have become rare. On the other hand, deforestation and the consequent cultivation of much of our soil has modified the environment to such an extent that the wil- low, birch, goldenrod, aster, violet, bluet, Lespedeza and a host of others are found more abundantly than formerly, and as Prof. Ezra Brainerd has pointed out, there is a marked tendency for violets to hybridize when growing in the open. Many of our introduced plants were brought from Europe in early times. Some of them have been growing without much change for many years, while others have so adapted themselves to our condi- tions that they have become troublesome weeds. In the past twenty- five years many such plants have been introduced through grass seed and by means of commercial relations with other countries. Many of the plants which Prof. Tuckerman observed as rare in 1875 are now common enough, such, for example, as Stellaria graminea L., Digi- taria humifusa Pers., Leontodon autumnalis L. and Cerastium vulga- tum L., etc. On the other hand, some of our introduced plants have not shown any tendency to spread, and in some cases they have ap- parently not held their own. Among such plants might be mentioned Tussilago Farfara L., Sedum, buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.),.. various dooryard. weeds and plants used for medicinal purposes in former times, such as lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), catnip (Nepeta Cataria L.), horseradish (Radicula Armoracia L.), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L ), horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.), and Canada thistle, which forty years ago was considered a more or less serious pest, but is not now trouble- some. These plants were in former times considered essential by most well regulated families, but now, along with the lilac, Lombardy poplar, live-forever and the old garden rose, they may be found per- sisting under unfavorable conditions, serving merely as landmarks of once thriving homesteads. VI Some of the more important introduced species not noted by Prof. Tuckerman, which are more or less common now, are Trifolium hy- bridum L., golden hawkweed, Bromus tectorum L., Russian thistle (Salsola), Galinsoga, Berteroa incana (L.) DC., Thymus Serpyllum L., Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pers., Lysimachia Nummularia L., Lychnis Flos-cuculi L. and Lychnis alba Mill. Impure seed is the most important factor in the introduction of harmless and noxious species, and from 75 to 100 or more different species may occur in a particular sample or lot of grass seed. The impurities run from 5 to 25 per cent or more, and although frequently harmless, 10 or 15 per cent of noxious weeds are sometimes present in grass or clover seed. Since seed are sent from all over the United States and imported from foreign countries, it follows that a great variety of plants may be introduced into a particular region. Black medick, Canada thistle, charlock, chicory, crabgrass, chickweed, dod- der, various docks and plantains, green foxtail, goosefoot, lady’s thumb, ragweed, sheep sorrel, wild carrot, witch grass, yellow foxtail and many others constitute the principal impurities in seed. Dame and Collins, 1 in their “ Flora of Middlesex county,” enumerate 460 naturalized and adventive species and varieties which have become more or less established in that region. In the preparation of this list I am under obligations to different ones whose names will be found throughout the text. This is espec- ially true of Mr. Ray E. Torrey, of the 1912 class of this College, who has rendered valuable assistance all through the work. Mr. Torrey has also been of great service, from his extensive collecting and criti- cal knowledge of our flora, in furnishing data in regard to the present range of certain species. I am also indebted to Prof. A. Vincent Osmun, my colleague, who has given much attention to our native ferns and violets, and to Miss Jessie V. Crocker for assistance in seeing the work through the press. Dr. W. H. Chapin, of Springfield, has kindly furnished notes in regard to the plants in that locality, and Mrs. Maria L. Owen’s long experi- ence in collecting and studying the native plants has been helpful. Mr. Luman Andrews, of Southington, Connecticut, who is at present making an exhaustive study of the plants about Springfield, has fur- nished a large amount of data concerning new finds, as well as extend- ing our knowledge of the range of other species. Mr. Andrews’ her- barium has been presented to the Springfield Science Museum, where it is well arranged, and it is anticipated that he will add greatly to it in the future. We have also had access to the herbarium of the Springfield Science Museum, which besides the already referred to Luman Andrews collection, contains that of the Springfield Botanical 1 L. Dame and F. S. Collins, “ Flora of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, 1888. Society ; and, in addition, we have consulted the herbaria of Mt. Hol- yoke and Amherst Colleges, and the Knowlton herbarium of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. The mosses, liverworts, lichens, fungi and Characeae have been purposely omitted from this list. The list of lichens in Prof. Tuckerman’s catalogue is one of the most complete and authentic published, but the list of fungi, Characeae, etc., contributed by Mr. Frost is of little value as it stands today, since much progress has been made in the study of these groups since his time. This list would possess much less value were it not for the work of my predecessors, and frequent reference has been made to Pres. Ed- ward Hitchcock1, Prof. Edward Tuckerman2, Prof. H. G. Jesup3, Col. W. S. Clark4, Dr. N. A. Cobb and others, who have contributed to the previous lists of this region. I have endeavored to differentiate between indigenous (native), nat- uralized, and adventive species (introduced but not permanently estab- lished), by putting the naturalized species in capitals and the adven- tive in italics, although there may be some errors in judgment as to which are adventive and which naturalized in our range. The nomenclature and arrangement of families, etc., follows Gray’s Manual, seventh edition, although we have in some instances referred to Britton & Brown’s North American Flora, and Prof. L. H. Bailey’s Cyclopedia of American Horticulture. This list contains in all 1 190 native and 303 naturalized and adven- tive species, a total of 1493. George Edward Stone. Amherst, Mass., Feb. 15, 1913. 1 Edward Hitchcock, A. M., D. D., LL. D., 1793—1864. Professor Chemistry and Natural History Amherst College, 1825 — 1845. President, 1845 — 1854. State Geologist, 1830 — 1864. Emeritus Professor Geology Amherst College, until 1864. Pioneer in American geological research. 2 Edward Tuckerman, B. A., M.A., LL.B., LL.D., 1817—1886. Lecturer and Professor Oriental History Amherst College, 1854 — 1873. Professor Botany, 1858 — 1886. Pioneer in American lichenology. 3 Henry Griswold Jesup, M. A., 1826 — 1903. Professor Botany Dartmouth Coliege, 1877— 1899. 4 William Smith Clark, M. A., Ph.D., LL.D., 1826 — 1886. Professor Chemis- try, Botany and Zoology Amherst College. 1852—1867. Colonel Civil War, 1862. President and Professor Botany and Horticulture, Mass. Agr. College, 1867 — 1879. PTERIDOPHYTA (Ferns and Fern Allies) POLYPOD I ACE AE Polypodium [Tourn.] L. Polypody. vulgare L. Common Polypody. Phegopteris [Presl.] Fde. Beech Fern. polypodioides Fee. hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fde. Dryopteris (L.) Fde. Oak Fern. Adiantum [Tourn.] L. Maidenhair Fern. pedatum L. Pteris L. Brake or Bracken. aquilina L. Common Brake. Pellaea Link. Cliff Brake. atropurpurea (L.) Link. Mt. Toby ; Gorge and near Titan’s piazza, Mt. Holyoke, Mrs. C. S. Phelps ; Wilbra- ham, Dr. W. H. Chapin ; Mt. Tom; Mt. Sugar Loaf. Cryptogramma R. Br. Rock Brake. Stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl. Mt. Toby. Woodivardia Sm. Chain Fern. virginica (L.) Sm. Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin; Belchertown, South Hadley. areolata (L.) Moore. Hadley, H. G. Jesup ; Deerfield, E. Hitchcock. Asplenium L. Spleenwort. Trichomanes L. platyneuron L. Oakes. Ruta-muraria L. Wall Rue. Mt. Toby. angustifolium Michx. Mt. Toby, Mt. Tom and vicinity. acrostichoides Svv. Amherst, South Hadley, etc. Filix-femina (L.) Bernh. Lady Fern. Camptosorus Link. Walking Leaf. rhizophyllus (L.) Link. Mt. Toby, etc., Mt. Holyoke[Gorge] Mrs. C. S. Phelps ; Wilbraham, Dr. W. H. Chapin. Polystichum Roth. acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. Christmas Fern. acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott, var. schweinitzii (Beck.) Small. Not rare. Aspidium Sw. Shield Fern. Wood Fern. 2 A. Thelypteris (E.) Sw. simulation Davenp. Mt. Toby, A. V. Osmun. noveboracense (L.) Sw. marginale (L.) Sw. Goldianum Hook. Mt. Tom, S. Stebbins : Mt. Toby; Notch, Mt. Holyoke, A. V. Osmun. Boottii Tuckerm. Mt. Toby. cristatum (L ) Sw. cristatum L. Sw. var. clintonianum D. C. Eaton. Mt. Toby, etc. spinulosum (O. F. Muller) Sw. Mt. Toby, etc spinulosum (O. F. Muller) Sw. var. intermedium (Muhl.) D. C. Eaton. Mt. Toby, etc. spinulosum (O. F. Miiller) Sw. var. dilitatum (Hoffm.) Hook. Mt. Toby, A. V. Osmun. Cystopteris Bernhardi. Bladder Fern. bulbifera (L.) Bernh. Mt. Toby, Sunderland, etc. fragilis (L.) Bernh. Springfield, S Stebbins ; Mt. Holyoke; Sun- derland, etc. Woodsia R. Brown. ilvensis (L.) R. Brown. obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. Dicksonia L’Her. punctilobula (Michx.) Gray. Hay-scented Fern. Onoclea L. sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern. Struthiopteris (L.) Hoffman. Ostrich fern. This fern in Mass. attains its maximum development in the Conn, valley reaching a height of 7 feet or more. SCHIZAEACEAE Lygodium Swartz. Climbing Fern. palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. Local. OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda [Tourn] L. Flowering Fern. regalis L. Claytoniana L. cinnamomea L. Cinnamon Fern. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Ophioglossum [Tourn.] L. Adder’s Tongue. vulgatum L. Botrychium Swartz. Moonwort. simplex E. Hitchcock. Conway, E. Hitchcock : Plainfield, etc., Porter ; Mt. Toby. 3 B. lanceolatum (Gmel.) Angstroem. var. angustisegmentum Pease & Moore. Amherst, L. B. Tuckerman; Conway, H. G. Jesup ; Mt. Toby, Sumner C. Brooks ; Hol- yoke Range, A. V. Osmun. ramosum (Roth.) Ashers Conway, etc., H. G. Jesup ; Mt. Toby, T. O. Fuller in Rhodora , Vol. III., p. 144 ; Spring- field, I)r. W. H. Chapin. obliquum Muhl. obliquum Muhl. var. dissectum Spreng. ternatum (Thunb.) Swartz var. intermedium D. C. Eaton. virginianum (L.) Swartz. Rattlesnake Fern. EQUISETACEAE Equisetum [Tourn.] L. Horsetail. arvense L. Common Horsetail. arvense forma decumbens , Springfield. sylvaticum L. fluviatile L. Pipes. hyemale L. Scouring Rush. hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton. Springfield, L. Andrews. v ariegatum Schleich. var. Jesupi A. A. Eaton. Conway, H. G. Jesup. scirpoides Michx. Plainfield, Porter; Colrain, E. F. Williams in Rhodora , Vol. XII., p. 170. LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium L. Club moss. Selago L. Mt Holyoke, Freeman in Rhodora Vol. V., p. 290. lucidulum Michx. inundatum L. Amherst, etc. annotinum L. clavatum L. Common Club Moss. clavatum L. var. monostachyon Grev. & Hook. obscurum L. obscurum L. var. dendroideum (Michx.) D. C. Eaton. sabinaefolium Willd. Tuckerman. complanatum L. complanatum L. var . flabelliforme Fernald. Ground Pine. tristachyum Pursh. SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella Beauv. rupestris (L.) Spring. apus (L.) Spring. 4 ISOETACEAE Isoetes L. Quillwort. echinospora Durieu. var. Draunii (Dur.) Engelm. Eatoni Dodge. Gravesii A. A. Eaton. Engelmanni A. Br. Other forms of Isoetes exist in this region but they have not been sufficiently studied. SPERMATOPHYTA (Seed Plants.) GYMNOSPERMAE TAXACEAE Taxus [Tourn.] L. Yew. canadensis Marsh. American Yew, Ground Hemlock. PINACEAE Pinus [Tourn.] L. Pine. Strobus L. White Pine. rigida Mill. Pitch Pine. sylvestris L. Scotch Pine. Escaped from cultivation and es- tablished abundantly in some localities. resinosa Ait. Red Pine. Locally distributed. Larix [Tourn.] Adans. Larch. American Larch, Tamarack, Hack- matack. laricina (DuRoi) Koch. decidua Mill. Amherst, escaped from cultivation. Picea Link. Spruce. rubra (DuRoi) Dietr. Red Spruce. Occasionally found on high elevations. Much less abundant in our region than Worcester and Berkshire counties. mariana (Mill.) BPS. Black or Bog Spruce. Found in cold bogs and swamps. abies (L.) Karst. Norway Spruce. Occasionally escaped from cultivation. Abies [Tourn.] Hill. Fir. balsamea (L.) Miller. Balsam or Balm-of-Gilead Fir. Generally distributed but not common. Tsuga (Endl.) Carriere. Hemlock. canadensis (L.) Carr. Chamaecyparis Spach. White Cedar, Cypress. thyoides (L.) BSP. Springfield. Juniperus [Tourn.] L. Juniper. communis L. Common Juniper. communis L , var. depressa Pursh. Three distinct types of Juni- peris communis are found in this region ; a low form var. depressa ; a more or less erect form con- sidered as the type ; and a tree-like form corres- ponding to J. communis var. erecta Pursh. See Mrs. E. H. Terry, Rhodora, Vol. III., p. 146. virginiana L. Red Cedar or Savin. Variable in form and color. 6 ANGIOSPERMAE MONOCOTYLEDON EAE TYPHACEAE Typha [Tourn.] L. Cat-tail Flag. latifolia L. Common Cat-tail. angustifolia L. Belchertown near B. & M. R. R. station, S. C. Brooks. SPARGANI ACEAE Sparganium [Tourn.] L. Bur-reed. eurycarpum Engelm. americanum Nutt. Bay street, Springfield, L. Andrews. simplex Huds. NAJADACEAE Potamogeton [Tourn.] L. Pondvveed. natans L. Oakesianus Robbins. epihydrus Raf. alpinus Balbis. americanus C. & S. Conn, river, etc. pulcher Tuckerm. South pond, Belchertown, E. Tuckerman. amplifolius Tuckerm. heterophyllus Schreb. heterophyllus forma graminifolius (Fries) Morong. lucens L. Leverett pond. E. Tuckerman. praelongus Wulf. perfoliatus L. zosterifolius Schumacher. obtusifolius Mertens and Koch. Forge pond, Granby, E. Tucker- man. pusillus L. foliosus Raf. hybridus Michx. dimorphus Raf. pectinatus L. Conn, river, E. Tuckerman. Robinsii Oakes. Najas L. Naiad. flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt. 7 JUNCAGINACEAE Scheuchzeria L. palustris L. Belchertown ponds, Bradley pond, Springfield, S. Stebbins. ALISMACEAE S agittaria L. Arrow-head. lati folia Willd. Passing into many forms. heterophylla Pursh. graminea Michx. Alisma L. Water Plantain. Plantago-aquatica L. HYDROCHARITACEAE Elodea Michx. Water-weed. canadensis Michx. Conn, river, etc. Vallisneria [Mich ] L. Tape Grass, Eel Grass. spiralis L. Conn, river, etc. GRAMINEAE Andropogon [Royen] L. Beard Grass. scoparius Michx. virginicus L. Amherst. furcatus Muhl. Sorghastrum Nash. nutan (L.) Nash. Indian Grass, Wood Grass. Digitaria Scop. Finger Grass. filiformis (L.) Koeler. humifusa Pers. This and the preceding species constitute very troublesome lawn grasses. sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Crab Grass. Paspalum L. setaceum Michx. Panicum L. Panic Grass. verrucosum Muhl. Springfield, island in Red House Pond. Scribner & Merrill in Rhodora , Vol. III., p. 103. capillare L. Old-witch Grass. philadelphicum Bernh. Southwick, C. H. Bissell, Rhodora , V. 13, P- 54- miliaceian L. European Millet. Waste places. Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin. dichotomiflorum Michx. Amherst, E. Tuckerman; Agawam, Scribner & Merrill, Rhodora , Vol. III., p. 104. virgatum L. Switch Grass. agrostoides Spreng. depauperatum Muhl. 8 P. linearifolium Scribn. Springfield, L. Andrews. dichotomum L. huachucae Ashe. var. silvicola Hitchc. & Chase. Scribnerianum Nash. Mt. Holyoke, Scribner & Merrill in Rhodora , Vol. III., p. 112. xanthophysum Gray. Amherst, H. G. Jesup; Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin. See Scribner & Merrill in Rho- dora, Vol. III., p. 109. clandestinum L. latifolium L. Echinochloa Beauv. crusgalli (L.) Beauv. Barnyard Grass. frmnentacea (Roxb.) Link. Setaria Beauv. Bristly Foxtail Grass. glauca (L.) Beauv. Foxtail, Pigeon Grass. viridis (L.) Beauv. Green F oxtail, Bottle Grass. italica (L ) Beauv. German Millet or Hungarian Grass. Cenchrus L. Sandbur, Bur Grass. Amherst, Hadley, Springfield. carolinianus Walt. Zizania (Gronov.) L. Indian Rice, Water Oats. palustris L. Northampton, Tuckerman & Jesup; Long- meadow, C. S. Plumb; Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin ; Amherst. Leersia Swartz. Cut-grass, White Grass. virginica Willd. White Grass. oryzoides (L.) Swartz. Rice Cut-grass. Phalaris L. Canary Grass. canariensis L. In waste places. arundinacea L. Reed Canary Grass. Generally distributed. arundinacea L. var. picta L. Ribbon Grass. Persistent near old dwellings. Anthoxanthum L. Sweet Vernal Grass. ODORATUM L. Puelii Lecoq & Lamotte. Mass. Agr. College. Hierochloe (Gmel.) R. Br. Holy Grass. odorata (L.) Wahlenb. Vanilla Grass. Agawam, Dr. W. H. Chapin. Oryzopsis Michx. Mountain Rice. pungens (Torr.) Hitchc. asperifolia Michx. racemosa (Sm.) Ricker. Aristida L. Triple-awned Grass. dichotoma Michx. Poverty Grass. purpurascens Poir. Mt. Holyoke, E. Hitchcock ; W. Spring- field, Dr. J. W. Robbins. 9 M uhlenbergia Schreber. sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. tenuiflora (Willd.) BSP. sylvatica Torr. mexicana (L.) Trin. racemosa (Michx.) BSP. Schreberi J. F. Gmel. Drop-seed, Nimble Will. Amherst, H. G. \ Jesup ; South Hadley. capillaris (Lam.) Trin. Hair Grass. Sugarloaf ; Mt. Holyoke. Brachyelytrum Beauv. erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. Phleum L. pratense L. Timothy, Herd’s Grass. Alopecurus L. Foxtail Grass. pratensis L. Meadow Foxtail. geniculatus L. Floating Foxtail. geniculatus L. var. aristulatus Torr. Amherst, etc. E. Tuck- erman ; also by H. G. Jesup. Sporobolus R. Br. Drop-seed. Rush Grass. vaginiflorus (Torr.) Wood. uniflorus (Muhl.) Scribn. & Merr. Agrostis L. Bent Grass. alba L. White Bent Grass. alba L. var. vulgaris (With.) Thurb. Red Top. hyemahs (Walt.) BSP. perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. Thin Grass. canina L. Rhode Island Bent Grass. In lawns, etc. Calamagrostis Adans. Reed Bent Grass. canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Blue-joint Grass. inexpansa Gray. Lock’s Pond, Shutesbury ; H. L. Clark, in Rho- dora, Vol. I, p. 165. cinnoides (Muhl.) Barton. Cinna L. Wood Reed Grass. arundinacea L. Holcus L. lanatus L. Velvet Grass. Sphenopholis Scribn. obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. pallens (Spreng.) Scribn. palustris (Michx.) Scribn. Amherst, Hitchc. Catal. Trisetum Persoon. Nonotuck, E. Tuckerman. spicatum (L.) Richter. Deerfield, H. G. Jesup. flavescens (L.) R. & S. Introduced in grass-seed. o Deschampsia Beauv. flexuosa (L.) Trin. Common Hair Grass. cazspitosa (L.) Beauv. Hadley meadows, E. Tuckerman ; Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup. Avena (Tourn.) L. Oat. sativa L. Waste places. Arrhenatherum Beauv. Oat Grass. elatius (L.) Beauv. Tall Oat Grass. Danthonia DC. Wild Oat Grass. spicata (L.) Beauv. compressa Aust. Shutesbury, etc. H. G. Jesup. sericea Nutt. Easthampton, Dr. N. A. Cobb. Spartina Schreb. Cord or Marsh Grass. Michauxiana Hitchc. Slough Grass. Shores of Connecticut River, E. Tuckerman. Cynodon Richard. Bermuda or Scutch Grass. Dactylon (L.)Pers. Amherst and Springfield. Eleusine Gaertn. Goose Grass. Yard Grass. indica Gaertn. Amherst, rare, E. Hitchcock ; Springfield, Mrs. M. E. Owen. Observed year after year. PhragmitesTrin. Reed. communis Trin. South Amherst, E. Hitchcock. Tridens R. & S. flavus (L.) Hitchc. Tall Red Top. Sugarloaf, E. Hitchcock. Eragrostis Beauv. hypnoides (Lam.) BSP. capillaris (L.) Nees. pilosa (L.) Beauv. Amherst, E. Tuckerman; Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin and elsewhere. megastachya (Koeler) Link. minor Host. Amherst, rare, E. Tuckerman, 1875 ; more com- mon since. pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. Briza L. Quaking Grass. media L. Amherst, rare, E. Tuckerman, 1875. Dactylis L. Orchard Grass. GLOMERATA L. Poa L. Meadow Grass. Spear Grass. annua L. Low Spear Grass. compressa L. Canada Blue Grass. Wire Grass. triflora Gilib. Fowl Meadow Grass. pratensis L. June Grass, Spear Grass. Kentucky Blue Grass. trivialis L. Rough-stalked Meadow Grass. I P. alsodes. Gray. North Amherst, H. L. Clark, in Rhodora, Vol. I, p. 165. nemoralis L. Hitchc. Catal ? Glyceria R. Br. Manna Grass. Torreyana (Spreng) Hitchc. canadensis (Michx.) Trin. Rattlesnake Grass. nervata (Willd.) Trin. Fowl Meadow Grass. grandis Watson. Reed Meadow Grass. pallida (Torr.) Trin. fluitans (L.) R. Br. acutiflora Torr. Amherst, E. Tuckerman ; Springfield. Festuca L. Fescue Grass. octo flora Walt. ovina L. Sheep’s Fescue. ovina L. var. duriuscula (L.) Hoch. ovina L. var. capillata (Lam.) Hoch. elatior L. Taller or Meadow Fescue. nutans Spreng. Mt. Tom. Bromus L. Brome Grass. secalinus L. Cheat or Chess Grass. Grain fields ; introduced in seed. tectorum L. Waste places, local ; more common near the coast. ciliatus L. Kalmii Gray. Wild Chess Grass. Nardus L. Mat Grass. stricta L. Amherst, E. Tuckerman, 1871 ; mowings, Mt. Hermon (Gill.) See Britton and Brown Flora, Vol. I, p. 224. Lolium L. Darnel. perenne L. Common Darnel, Perennial Ray or Rye Grass. Agropyron Gaertn. repens L. Beauv. Couch, Quitch, Quick or Witch Grass. caninum (L.) Beauv. Awned Wheat Grass. Mt. Holyoke, Lev- erett, etc., E. Tuckerman. Elymus L. Lyme Grass. Wild Rye. virginicus L. canadensis L. striatus Willd. Hystrix Moench. Bottle-brush Grass. patula Moench. CYPERACEAE Cyperus [Tourn ] L. Calingale. diandrus Torr. rivularis Kunth. Springfield, L. Andrews. C. aristatus Rottb. dentatus Torr. esculentus L. Occasionally in cultivated fields. erythrorhizus Muhl. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. Agawam river, Mrs. M. L. Owen ferax Rich. Hadley meadows, H. G. Jesup. strigosus L. filicuhnis Vahl. Dulichium Pers. arundinaceum (L.) Britton. Eleocharis R. Br. Spike Rush. Robbinsii Oakes. Ponds. olivacea Torr. Leverett pond, H. G. Jesup. diandra C. Wright. ovata (Roth.) R. & S. obtusa (Willd.) Schultes. palustris (L.) R. & S. acicularis (L.) R. & S. tenuis (Willd ) Schultes. intermedia (Muhl!) Schultes. Psilocarya Torr. Bald Rush. scirpoides Torr. Pond shores, Springfield, Fernald ; in Rho • dora , Vol. X., p. 142. Stenophyllus Raf. capillaris (L.) Britton. Fimbristylis Vahl. Frankii Steud. Scirpus [Tourn.] L. Bulrush or Club Rush. planifolius Muhl. hudsonianus (Michx.) Fernald. subterminalis Torr. Aquatic. debilis Pursh. americanus Pers. Torreyi Olney. Pond in Hadley meadows, etc., E. Tuckerman. validus Vahl. Great Bulrush. fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray. River Bulrush. South Hadley. rubrotinctus Fernald. Amherst, H. L. Clark; in Rhodora , Vol. I, p. 165. Springfield, L. Andrews. sylvaticus L. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. Springfield, L. An- drews. atrovirens Muhl. georgianus Harper. Springfield, L. Andrews. polyphyllus Vahl. lineatus Michx. cyperinus (L.) Kunth. Wool Grass. 3 S. cyperinus var. pelius Fernald. Springfield, L. Andrews. cyperinus (L.) Kunth. var. condensatus Fernald. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. Springfield, L. Andrews. atrocinctus Fernald. Springfield, L. Andrews. Eriophorum L. Cotton Grass. callitrix Cham. Hare’s Tail. Belchertown south pond, H. G. Jesup. gracile Roth. Leverett, etc., E. Tuckerman; Amherst, H. G. Jesup. tenellum Nutt. Springfield, L. Andrews. ang us ti folium Roth. viridi-carinatum (Engelm.) Fernald. Buckland, open wet grounds. F. F. Forbes ; in Rhodora, Vol. VII, p. 91. virginicum L. Fuirena Rottb. Umbrella Grass. squarrosa Michx. Indian Orchard, Mrs. M. L. Owen. Hemicarpha Nees & Arn. micrantha (Vahl.) Britton. Rynchospora Vahl. Beak Rush. macrostachya Torr. Belchertown and Leverett, E. Hitchcock,. and later collectors : Franklin Co., Fernald; in RJiodora,V ol. X., p. 142. fusca (L.) Ait. f. Leverett pond, E. Tuckerman, H. G. Jesup. alba (L.) Vahl. glomerata (L.) Vahl. Cladium P. Browne. Twig Rush. mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr. Belchertown, Leverett, etc., E. Hitch- cock; Amherst, H. G. Jesup, and later collectors. Scleria Berg. Nut Rush. triglomerata Michx. Amherst, H. G. Jesup ; Hadley, etc., E. Hitchcock. Carex [Ruppius] L. Sedge. scoparia Schkuhr. scoparia var. condensa Fernald. Springfield, L. Andrews. tribuloides Wahlenb. siccata Dewey. Westfield, Rev. Dr. Davis. mirabilis Dewey. straminea Willd. hormathodes Fernald. festucacea Schkuhr. festucacea Schkuhr. var. brevior (Dewey) Fernald. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. adusta Boott. Hadley, etc., E. Tuckerman. stellulata Good. 14 C. stellulata var. angustata Carey. Springfield, L. Andrews. scirpoides Schkuhr. canescens L. canescens L. var. disjuncta Fernald. Herb. Spfld. Sci. Museum. hrunnescens Poir. hromoides Schkuhr. Dewey ana Schwein. tenuiflora Wahlenb. Southampton. trisperma Dewey. tenella Schkuhr. rosea Schkuhr. retroflexa Muhl. Muhlenbergii Schkuhr. Hadley, etc., E. Tuckerman. M uhlenbergii Schkuhr. var. enervis Boott. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. cephalophora Muhl. sparganioides Muhl. vulpinoidea Michx. diandra Schrank. Deerfield, E. Hitckcock. diandra Schrank. var. ramosa (Boott.) Fernald. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock. stipata Muhl. crinita Lam. torta Boott. stricta Lam. aurea Nutt. Conway, H. G. Jesup. pauciflora Lightf. Ashfield, Porter. leptalea Wahlenb. polygama Schkuhr. triceps Michx. var. hirsuta (Willd.) Bailey. virescens Muhl. formosa Dewey. Amherst, Hitchc. Catal.; Davisii Schwein & Torr. North Hadley, E. Tuckerman. gracillima Schwein. Backii Boott. Mt. Tom, Prof. W. D. Whitney. umbellata Schkuhr. varia Muhl. novae-angliae Schwein. pennsylvanica Lam. pubescens Muhl. livida (Wahlenb.) Willd. tetanica Schkuhr. Amherst, Hitchc. Cata1. polymorpha Muhl. Westfield, Rev. Dr. Davis. pallescens L. C. limosa L. Ashfield, Porter. prasina Wahlenb. pedunculata Muhl. Mt. Holyoke, etc., E. Tuckerman ; Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup. plantaginea Lam Mt Toby, H G. Jesup; Rocky Mountain, Greenfield, Dr. N A. Cobb. platyphylla Carey. Mt. Holyoke, etc , E. Tuckerman and H. G. Jesup ; Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup. laxiculmis Schwein. Amherst, etc. digitalis Willd laxi flora Lam. laxiflora Lam. var. patulifolia (Dewey) Carey. laxiflora Lam. var. blanda (Dewey) Boott. conoidea Schkuhr. grisea Wahlenb. glaucodea Tuckerm. Mt. Holyoke, etc., E. Tuckerman and H. G. Jesup. granularis Muhl. Amherst, E. Hitchcock, and northward. flava L. longirostris Torr. arctata Boott. Leyden, E. Hitchcock ; Easthampton, Dr. N. A. Cobb. debilis Michx. debilis Michx. var. Rudgei Bailey. scabrata Schwein. filiformis L. lanuginosa Michx. vestita Willd. trichocarpa Muhl. Amherst, Hitchc. Catal. riparia W. Curtis. squarrosa L. Hadley, E. Hitchcock; South Hadley, H. G. Jesup. comosa Boott. hystericina Muhl. lurida Wahlenb. Fernald in Rhodora , Vol. Ill, p. 56. lurida X lupulina Bailey. Fernald in Rhodora , Vol. Ill, p. 56. retrorsa Schwein. lupulina Muhl. Amherst, Fernald ; in Rhodora , Vol. Ill, p. 56. intumescens Rudge. folliculata L. vesicaria L. rostrata Stokes var. utriculata (Boott.) Bailey. Tuckermani Dewey. ARACEAE Arisaema Martins. Indian Turnip. Dragon Arum. triphyllum (L.) Schott. Indian Turnip. Jack-in-the-Pulpit. Dracontium (L.) Schott. Green Dragon. Dragon Root. Deer- field. Rhodora, Vol. XII, p. 169. Sunderland, Belchertown, South Hadley. This rare plant is now extinct in some of the former stations. Pehandra Raf. Arrow Arum. virginica (L.) Kunth. Belchertown. Calla L. Water Arum. palustris L. Symplocarpus Salisb. Skunk Cabbage. foetidus (L.) Nutt. Orontium L. Golden Club. aquaticum L. Hampton pond, E. Tuckerman ; Southwick, Porter; Springfield, S. Stebbins. Rare; Westfield; Slow brook, east of Mt. Tom, Dr. N. A. Cobb. Acorus L. Sweet Flag. Calamus. Calamus L. LEMNACEAE Spirodela Schleiden. polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Lemna L. Duckweed. Duck’s-meat. trisulca L. minor L. ERIOCAULACEAE Eriocaulon [Gronov.] L. Pipewort. articulatum (Huds.) Morong. XYRIDACEAE Xyris [Gronov.] L. Yellow-eyed Grass. montana Ries. Lock’s pond, Shutesbury, etc. ; E. Tuckerman, H. G. Jesup. caroliniana Walt. Indian Orchard. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. flexuosa Muhl. Shutesbury, H. G. Jesup. Bay St., Springfield, etc. COMMELINACEAE Tradescantia (Rupp.) L. Spiderwort, virginiana L. Occasionally escaped. Commelina (Plum.) L. communis L. Springfield, L. Andrews. *7 PONTEDERIACEAE Pontederia L. Pickerel Weed. cordata L. cordata L. var. angustifolia Torr. Heteranthera R. and P. Mud Plantain. dubia (Jacq.) MacM. JUNCACEAE Juncus [Tourn.] L. Rush. Bog Rush. bufonius L. tenuis Willd. filiformis L. Hadley meadows, E. Tuckerman. effusus L. Common or Soft Rush. brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fernald. Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup. Spring- field, L. Andrews. canadensis J. Gay. Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup. pelocarpus Meyer. Shores of Lock’s pond, etc., E. Tuckerman; Leverett pond, H. G. Jesup. Indian Orchard. nodosus L. Hockanum, Whitmore’s Ferry, etc., E. Tuckerman. acuminatus Michx. articulatus L. Mill Hollow, Amherst, etc., E. Tuckerman and H. G. Jesup. marginatus Rostk. Amherst, etc., E. Tuckerman. Luzuia DC. Wood Rush. saltuensis Fernald. campestris (L.) DC. LILIACEAE Veratrum [Tourn.] L. False Hellebore. viride Ait. American White Hellebore. Indian Poke. Uvularia L. Bellwort. perfoliata L. Oakesia Watson. sessilifolia (L.) Watson. Allium [Tourn.] L. Onion. Garlic. tricoccum Ait. Wild Leek. canadense L. Wild Garlic. Hemerocallis L. Day Lily. fulva L. Common Day Lily. Escaped from cultivation. Lilium L. Lily. philadelphicum L. Wild Orange-red Lily or Wood Lily. superbum L. Turk’s-cap Lily. canadense L. Wild Yellow Lily. 3 8 Erythronium L. Dog’s tooth Violet. americanum Ker. Yellow Adder’s Tongue. Ornithogalum [Tourn.] L. Star of Bethlehem. umbellatum L. More or less common throughout the range. M uscari [Tourn.} Mill. Grape Hyacinth. botryoides (L.) Mill. Amherst. Persistent for many years. Asparagus [Tourn.] L. Asparagus. officinalis L. Garden Asparagus. Clintonia Raf. borealis (Ait.) Raf. Smilacina Desf. False Solomon’s Seal. racemosa (L.) Desf. False Spikenard. stellata (L.) Desf. trifolia (L.) Desf. Pelham and Cummington, E. Hitchcock. Plumtrees, Sunderland. Maianthemum (Weber in.) Wiggers. canadense Desf. Streptopus Michx. Twisted Stalk. amplexifolius (L.) DC. Pelham, Deerfield, E. Tuckerman. Mt. Toby. roseus Michx. Mt. Toby, etc. Polygonatum [Tourn.] Hill. Solomon’s Seal. biflorum (Walt.) Ell. Small Solomon’s Seal. commutatum (R. and S.) Dietr. Great Solomon’s Seal. Convallaria L. Lily of the Valley. majalis L. Escaped from cultivation. Medeola [Gronov.] L. Indian Cucumber Root. virginiana L. Trillium L. Wake Robin. Birthroot. * erectum L. grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. Pelham, E. Hitchcock. Not found in recent years. cernuum L. undulatum Willd. Painted Trillium. Aletris L. Colic Root. farinosa L. Smilax [Tourn.] L. Green Brier. herbacea L. Carrion Flower. rotundifolia L. Common Green Brier. AMARYLLIDACEAE Hypoxis L. Star Grass. hirsuta (L.) Coville. 9 IRIDACEAE Iris [Toum.] L. Fleur-de-lis. versicolor L. Larger Blue Flag. germanica L. Fleur-de-lis. Mt. Toby, H. L. Clark in Rhodora, Vol. I, page 165. Belamcanda Adans. Blackberry Lily. chinensis (L.) DC. Escaped, South Hadley, Mrs. C. S. Phelps. Sisyrinchium L. Blue-eyed Grass. mucronatum Michx. angusti folium Mill. gramineum Curtis. atlanticum Bicknell. ORCHIDACEAE Cypripedium L. Lady’s Slipper. Moccasin Flower. arietinum R. Br. Ram’s Head Lady’s Slipper. Mt. Toby, W. S. Clark. This is the only station which we know in this region, and it is often found here quite plentifully. parviflorum Salisb. Smaller Yellow Lady’s Slipper. Mt. Hol- yoke, E. Tuckerman ; Shelburne, F. G. Tucker- man; Hawley, Buckland, W. D. Forbes; North- field, Shutesbury, etc. A cross apparently between parviflorum and pubescens is found on the banks of the Conn, river at Gill, E. H. Sharpe. parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight. Larger Yel- low Lady’s Slipper. hirsutum Mill. Showy Lady’s Slipper. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock; Easthampton, W. S.^lark ; Mt. Holyoke, H. G. Jesup ; Hawley, W. Fofbes ; Mt. Toby, C. S. Plumb, 1880. This plant has become exterminated in many of the stations enumerated above due to the activities of professional collectors. acaule Ait. Stemless Lady’s Slipper. A white flowered form is frequently found. Orchis [Tourn.] L. spectabilis L. Showy Orchis. Habenaria Willd. Rein Orchis. Fringed Orchis. bracteata (Willd.) R. Br. Rather common in mountainous re- gions. flava (L.) Gray. hyperborea (L.) R. Br. dilatata (Pursh.) Gray. Plumtrees Swamp, Sunderland, etc. 20 H. clavellata (Michx.) Spreng. Hooker i Torr. orbiculata (Pursh.) Torr. ciliaris (L.) R. Br. Yellow Fringed Orchis. East Amherst, C.H. Hitchcock ; Easthampton, W. S. Clark. Rare and extremely local plant ; not collected for several years in this region. blephari glottis (Willd.) Torr. White Fringed Orchis. blephari glottis (Willd.) Torr. var. holopetala (Lindl.) Gray. Haw- ley, W. D. Forbes. blephari glottis (Willd.) Torr. X H.lacera (Michx.) R. Br. A form has been noted by W. D. Forbes in Hawley, a cross between the above named. lacera (Michx.) R. Br. Ragged Fringed Orchis. psycodes (L.) Sw. This species much resembles the following. Both are called Purple Fringed Orchis. fimbriata (Ait.) R. Br. Pogonia Juss. ophioglossoides (L.) Ker. trianthophora (Siv.) BSP. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock ; Conway. verticillata (Willd.) Nutt. Amherst, Deerfield, E. Tuckerman; Mt. Holyoke (Notch) ; Longmeadow, Springfield, West Northfield; N. Leverett, Miss Ruby Hemen- way ; Easthampton, W. S. Clark, 1844; Belcher- town, Mrs. E. W. Carpenter and Marion Thomp- son. affinis Aust. Holyoke range, H. L. Clark; in Rhodora , Vol. I, p. 165. Calopogon R. Br. pulchellus (Sw.) R. Br. Arethusa [Gronov.] L. bulbosa L. Spiranthes Richard. Ladies’ Tresses. gracilis (Bigelow) Beck. vernalis Englem. and Gray. Buckland, W. D. Forbes. lucida (H. H. Eaton) Ames. Amherst, G. L. Goodale ; Conway, H. G. Jesup; Buckland, W. D. Forbes ; Colrain, E. F. Williams. cernua (L.) Richard. Epipactis (Haller) Boehm. Rattlesnake Plantain. repens (L.) Crantz. repens (L.) Crantz. var. ophioides (Fernald) A. A. Eaton. South- wick; M. L. Fernald in Rhodora , Vol. I, p. 6. tesselata (Lodd) A. A. Eaton. Springfield, L. Andrews. decipiens (Hook) Ames. Buckland, W. D. Forbes. But one specimen of the plant found by Mr. Forbes. pubescens (Willd.) A. A. Eaton. 2 I Listera R. Br. Twayblade. cordata (L.) R. Br. Plainfield, Porter. Corallorrhiza [Haller] R. Br. Coral Root. trifida Chatelain. Amherst, W. S. Clark ; Buckland, W. D. Forbes; Sunderland, Plumtrees Swamp ; Leverett, Mt. Toby and Pelham. maculata Raf. Easthampton, E. Hitchcock ; Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup ; N. Leverett, R. E. Torrey; Buck- land, W. D. Forbes ; Mt. Holyoke, Amherst. odontorhiza Nutt. Microstylis (Nutt.) Eaton. Adder’s Mouth. monophyllos (L.) Lindl. Hawley, W. D. Forbes. unifolia (Michx.) BSP. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock ; Shutesbury, E. H, Sharpe; Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin; Belcher- town, R. E. Torrey. Liparis Richard. Twayblade. liliifolia (L.) Richard. Loeselii (L.) Richard. Plumtrees swamp, Sunderland, A. V. Osmun ; Amherst, H. L. Clark ; Mt. Toby. Aplectrum (Nutt.) Torr. Putty Root. Adam-and-Eve. hyemale (Muhl.) Torr. Mt. Holyoke, Conway, E. Hitchcock; Buckland, W. D. Forbes. Tipularia Nutt. Crane Fly Orchis. discolor (Pursh) Nutt. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock. Probably not in our range ; never verified by other collectors. DICOTYLEDONEAE SALICACEAE Salix [Tourn.] L. Willow. Osier. nigra Marsh. Black Willow. nigra Marsh, var. falcata (Pursh) Torr. Springfield, L. Andrews. lucida Muhl. Shining Willow. fragilis L. Crack Willow. alba L. White Willow. ALBA L. var. vitellina (L.) Koch. Babylo7iica L. Weeping Willow. Sometimes escapes to river banks, etc. longifolia Muhl. Sand Bar Willow. Islands of Conn, river, H. G. Jesup. cordata Muhl. / 22 S. pedicellaris Pursh. Deerfield, E. Tuckerman. discolor Muhl. Glaucous Willow. humilis Marsh. Prairie Willow. tristis Ait. Dwarf Gray Willow. sericea Marsh. Silky Willow. rostrata Richards. purpurea L. Purple Willow. Near Conway, H.G. Jesup ; Glen- wood, Springfield. Populus [Tourn.] L. Poplar. Aspen. alba L. White Poplar. Silver Leaved Poplar. tremuloides Michx. American Aspen. grandidentata Michx. Large-toothed Aspen. balsamifera L. Balsam Poplar. candicans Ait. Balm of Gilead. deltoides Marsh. Cottonwood. Necklace Poplar. nigraL. Black Poplar. Occasionally spreading by root suck- ers. var. italica Du Roi. Rarely, if ever, spread- ing. MYRICACEAE My rica L. Gale L. Sweet Gale. Gill, E. H. Sharpe ; Shutesbury, R. E. Torrey ; Belchertown, etc. carolinensis Mill. Bayberry. Wilbraham, E. Longfellow, Dr. W. H. Chapin ; Conway, etc. Much more common near the coast. asplenifolia L. Sweet Fern. JUGLANDACEAE Juglans L. Walnut. cinerea L. Butternut. nigra L. Black Walnut. Native in Amherst, etc., but rare in our range. Carya Nutt. Hickory. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch. Shagbark Hickory. alba (L.) K. Koch. Mocker Nut. glabra (Mill.) Spach. Pig Nut. cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch. Bitter Nut. 23 BETULACEAE Corylus [Tourn.] L. Hazelnut. Filbert. americana Walt. Hazelnut. Prof. S. T. Maynard discovered some years ago a purple-leaved hazelnut near Mt. Toby, which has been propagated as a horti- cultural variety. rostrata Ait. Beaked Hazelnut. Ostrya (Mich.) Scop. Leverwood. virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch. Hop Hornbeam. Carpinus [Tourn.] L. Ironwood. caroliniana Walter. Blue or Water Beech. Betula [Tourn.] L. Birch. lenta L. Sweet or Black Birch. lutea (Michx.) f. Yellow or Gray Birch. populi folia Marsh. White or Gray Birch. alba L. var. papyrifera (Marsh) Spach. Paper, Canoe or White Birch. pumila L. Low or Swamp Birch. Amherst region. Eaton Man. Alnus [Tourn.] Hill. Alder. crispa (Ait.) Pursh. Conway; Deerfield, H. G. Jesup. mollis Fernald. Downy Green Alder. Buckland, M. L. Fernaldin Rhodora , Vol. VI, p. 163. incana (L.) Muench. Speckled or Hoary Alder. rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. Smooth Alder. FAGACEAE Fagus [Tourn.] L. Beech. grandifolia Ehrh. More common on our western border, where it forms large forests. Castanea [Tourn.] Hill. Chestnut. dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Quercus [Tourn.] L. Oak. alba L. White Oak. bicolor Willd. Swamp White Oak. prinoides Willd. Chinquapin Oak. Prinus L. Chestnut Oak. rubra L. Red Oak. palustris Muench. Pin Oak. More or less common in Conn. Valley lowlands. coccinea Muench. Scarlet Oak. velutina Lam. Yellow-barked or Black Oak. ilicifolia Wang. Bear or Black Scrub Oak. 24 URTICACEAE Ulmus [Tourn.] L. Elm. fulva Michx. Slippery Elm. Local. ^ americana L. American Elm. Celtis [Tourn.] L. Nettle-tree. Hackberry. occidentals L. Sugarberry. Local. occidentalis L. var. pumila Muhl. Mt. Holyoke, H. G. Jesup. occidentals L. var. crassifolia (Lam.) Gray. Hadley, E. Tuck- erman ; Amherst. Cannabis [Tourn.] L. Hemp. SATIVA L. Humulus L. Hop. Lupulus L. Common Hop. japonicus Sieb. and Zucc. Clay-pit dumping ground, Spring- field, L. Andrews. Moms [Tourn.] L. Mulberry. rubra L. Red Mulberry. Uncommon. alba L. White Mulberry. Amherst, etc. XJrtica [Tourn.] L. Nettle. gracilis Ait. URENS L. Laportea Gaud. Wood Nettle. canadensis (L.) Gaud. Pilea Lindl. Richweed. pumila (L.) Gray. Boehmeria Jacq. False Nettle. cylindrica (L.) Sw. Parietaria [Tourn.] L. Pellitory. pennsylvanica Muhl. Sugar Loaf, Mt. Toby, etc. SANTALACEAE Comandra Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax. umbellata (L.) Nutt. LORANTHACEAE Arceuthobium Bieb. pusillum Peck. Dwarf Mistletoe. Parasitic on Black Spruce. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Asarum [Tourn.] L. Wild Ginger. canadense L. Aristolochia [Tourn.] L. Birthwort. Serpentaria L. Virginia Snakeroot. Included in Dr. Tucker- man’s list as from Turners Falls, but doubtful. 25 POLYGONACEAE Rumex L. Dock. Sorrel. Patientia L. . Patience Dock. Rather uncommon. Britannica L. Great Water Dock. Amherst, etc., H. G. Jesup. crispus L. Yellow Dock. sanguineus L. See Britton and Brown’s 111. Flora of n. U. S. and Can., Vol. I, p, 551. elongatus Guss. Orchard St., Springfield, L. Andrews. altissimus Wood. Pale Dock. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. verticillatus L. Swamp Dock. Granby, H. G. Jesup. obtusifolius L. Bitter Dock. Acetosa L. Garden Sorrel. Grassland. Common at Amherst, etc. hastatulus Baldw. Roadsides, Amherst, S. T. Maynard. Acetosella L. Field or Sheep Sorrel. Polygonum [Tourn.] L. Knotweed. aviculare L. aviculare L. var. vegetum Ledeb. erectum L. tenue Michx. lapathifolium L. amphibium L. Muhlenberg ii (Meisn.) Wats. Springfield, L. Andrews. pennsylvanicum L. Careyi Olney. East Amherst, etc., C. H. Hitchcock. Hydropiper L. Common Smartweed. acre HBK. Water Smartweed. acre HBK. var. leptostachyum Meisn. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum, L. Andrews. orientale L. Prince’s Feather. Persicaria L. Lady’s Thumb. Common in barnyards, etc. hydropiperoides Michx. Mild Water Pepper. virginianum L. arifolium L. Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb. sagittatum L. Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb. Convolvulus L. Black Bindweed. cilinode Michx. scandens L. Climbing False Buckwheat. cuspidatum Sieb. and Zucc. Springfield, L. Andrews. Two species, P. Sachalinense Schmidt and cuspidatum, have been cultivated at the Mass. Agricultural College for 15 years. The latter is well estab- lished ; the former, termed Sacaline, does not show a tendency to become so. Both were introduced from Japan as forage plants. 26 Fagopyrum [Tourn.] L. Buckwheat. esculentum Muench. Buckwheat. In waste places and per- sisting after cultivation. Polygonella Michx. articulata (L.) Meisn. CHENOPODIACEAE Kochia Roth. Scoparia (L.) Schrad. Springfield, escaped from gardens, L. Andrews. Chenopodium [Tourn.] L. Botrys L. Jerusalem Oak. ambrosioides L. Mexican Tea. Springfield, L. Andrews. capitatum (L.) Asch. Strawberry Blite. Rare, E. Hitchcock. hybridum L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot. album L. Lamb’s Quarters. album L. var. virile (L.) Moq. Springfield, L. Andrews. Salsola L. Saltwort. Kali L. var. tenuifolia G. F. W. Mey. Russian Thistle. Occa- sionally on railroad banks, etc.; the seed coming in with grass seed and also by western freight. Slightly established at B. & M. R. R. station, Amherst, S. C. Brooks (1910), and at Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin. AMARANTHACEAE Amaranthus [Tourn.] L. Amaranth. retroflexus L. Green Amaranth ; Pigweed. hyhridus L. hybridus L. forma hypochondriacus L. Green Amaranth. Springfield, L. Andrews. Paniculatus L. Purple Amaranth. Springfield, L. Andrews. graecizans L. Tumble Weed. spinosus L. Thorny Amaranth. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum, and Herb. Mt. Holyoke College. PHYTOLACCACEAE Phytolacca [Tourn.] L. Poke weed. decandra L. 27 NYCTAGINACEAE Oxybaphus L’ Her. nyctagineus (Michx.) Sweet. Springfield, L. Andrews. ILLECEBRACEAE Scleranthus L. Knawel. ANNUUS L. Anychia Michx. Forked Chickweed. canadensis (L.) BSP. AIZOACEAE Mollugo L. Indian Chickweed. verticillata L. Carpet Weed. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Spergularia J. and C. Presl. Sand Spurrey. rubra (L.) J. and C. Presl. Common on roadsides. Spergula L. arvensis L. Corn Spurrey. Sagina L. Pearlwort. decumbens (Ell.) T. and G. Springfield, M. L. Owen (1883) ; Am- herst, H. G. Jesup. procumbens L. Arenaria L. Sandwort. lateriflora L. serpyllifolia L. Thyme-leaved Sandwort. stricta Michx. StelJaria L. Chickweed. Starwort. borealis Bigel. uliginosa Murr. South Deerfield, H. G. Jesup. longi folia Muhl. graminea L. Amherst, etc. ; now common. media (L.) Cyrill. Common Chickweed. Cerastium L. Mouse-ear Chickweed. arvense L. Field Mouse-ear Chickweed. Plumtrees, Sunder- land ; Mt. Toby. arvense L. var. oblongifolium (Torr.) Hollick and Britton. Mt. Tom, June, 1882 ; Herb. Mt. Holyoke College. vulgatum L. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed. Now very com- mon, but included by mistake in Prof. Tucker- man’s list; he not having observed it in 1875. VISCOSUM L. nutans Raf. Hadley, etc. 28 Agrostemma L. Corn Cockle. Githago L. In grain fields, etc. Lychnis [Tourn.] L. Campion. Flos-cuculi L. Ragged Robin. Found in grass lands. Am- herst, etc. Spreading, and becoming well estab- lished. dioica L. Red Campion. Roadsides, etc. alba Mill. White Campion. Amherst, A. V. Osmun. Spring- field, L. Andrews. Silene L. Catchfly. antirrhina L. Sleepy Catchfly. Armeria L. Sweet William Catchfly. Springfield, L. Andrews. noctiflora L. Night-flowering Campion. pennsylvanica Michx. Wild Pink. stellata (L.) Ait. f. Starry Campion. South Hadley. latifolia (Mill.) Britten & Rendle. Bladder Campion. Am- herst, etc. Saponaria L. officinalis L. Bouncing Bet. Gypsophila L. 7nuralis L. Springfield, etc. paniculata L. Tall Gypsophyll. Springfield, L. Andrews. See Britton & Brown’s Illustrated Flora, Vol. II, p. 17. Dianthus L. Pink. Carnation. Armeria L. Deptford Pink. PORTULACACEAE Claytonia [Gronov.] L. Spring Beauty. virginica L. caroliniana Michx. Amherst, H. G. Jesup. Portulaca [Tourn.] L. Purslane. oleracea L. Common Purslane. A pernicious weed. grandiflora Hook. Occasionally escaped. CERATOPHYLLACEAE Ceratophyllum L. Hornwort. demersum L. Ponds, etc. NYMPHAEACEAE Nymphaea [Tourn.] L. Yellow Pond Lily. Spatter-dock. advena Ait. Cow Lily. microphylla Pers. Conn, river, ponds, etc. 29 Castalia Salisb. Water Lily. tetragona Georg. Pansy Park, Belchertown. Escaped from cul- tivation. L. W. Goodell. odorata (Ait.) Woodville & Wood. Sweet-scented Water Lily. Brasenia Schreber. Water Shield. Schreberi Gmel. RANUNCULACEAE Ranunculus [Tourn.] L. Crowfoot. Buttercup. circinatus Sibth. Stiff Water Crowfoot. Belchertown ; Herb. Mt. Holyoke College. aquatilis L. var. capillaceus DC. Common White Water Crow- foot. delphinifolius Torr. Yellow Water Crowfoot. laxicaulis (T. & G.) Darby. Water Plaintain. Spearwort. Flammula L. var. reptans (L.) Mey. Creeping Spearwort. Shore of Conn, river. sceleratus L. Cursed Crowfoot. abortivus L. Small-flowered Crowfoot. recurvatus Poir. Hooked Crowfoot. fascicularis Muhl. Early Crowfoot. septentrionali s Poir. Swamp Buttercup. hispidus Michx. Longmeadow ; Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. pennsylvanicus L. f. Bristly Crowfoot. bulbosus L. Bulbous Buttercup. acris L. Tall Buttercup. acris L. var. Steveni (Andrz.) Lange. Northampton; M. L. Fernald in Rhodora , Vol. I, p. 229. Thalictrum [Tourn.] L. Meadow Rue. dioicum L. Early Meadow Rue. polygamum Muhl. Tall Meadow Rue. Anemonella Spach. thalictroides (L.) Spach. Rue Anemone. Hepatica (Rupp.) Hill. Liverleaf. Hepatica. triloba Chaix. acutiloba DC. Conway, etc., H. G. Jesup ; Amherst, E. L. Mor- ris ; Mt. Holyoke, etc. Anemone [Tourn.] L. Anemone. cy lindrica Gray. Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup, Aug., 1872 ; Sunder- land. virginiana L. canadensis L. South Hadley, G. L. Goodale. quinquefolia L. Wood Anemone. 3° Clematis L. Virgin’s Bower. virginiana L. verticillaris DC. Greenfield, F. G. Tuckerman ; Notch, Mt. Holyoke ; Table Mountain, Mt. Toby ; Mt. Tom ; South Hadley ; Rattlesnake Gutter, Leverett. Caltha [Rupp.] L. Marsh Marigold. palustris L. Coptis Salisb. Goldthread. trifolia (L.) Salisb. Aquilegia [Tourn.] L. Columbine. canadensis L. Wild Columbine. Cimicifuga L. Bugbane. racemosa (L.) Nutt. Black Snakeroot. Black Cohosh. Goshen, E. Hitchcock. Actaea L. Baneberry. Cohosh. rubra (Ait.) Willd. Red Baneberry. alba (L.) Mill. White Baneberry. MAGNOLIACEAE Magnolia L. tripetala L. Umbrella Tree. Dr. W. H. Chapin has observed several of these trees, which have existed for a number of years on the shores of a pond in Spring- field'; and also in Edgewood Swamp stands a tree about nine years old. Both these stations are at least two miles away from any cultivated M. tripe- tala trees, land were probably seeded in through the agency of birds. Liriodendron L. Tulip Tree. Tulipifera L. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock ; Gill, Bernardston, South- ampton, Agawam, Huntington, etc. MENISPERMACEAE M enispermum [Tourn.] L. Moonseed. canadense L. BERBERIDACEAE Podophyllum L. May Apple. Mandrake. peltatum L. South Amherst, E. Hitchcock. Caulophyllum Michx. Blue Cohpsh. thalictroides (L.) Michx. Pappoose Root. Berberis [Tourn.] L. Barberry. vulgaris L. Common Barberry. Pastures, etc. More common near the coast. 3i LAURACEAE Sassafras Nees. variifolium (Salisb.) Ktze. Benzoin' Fabric. Wild Allspice. Fever Bush. aestivale (L.) Nees. Spice Bush. Benjamin Bush. PAPAVERACEAE Sanguinaria (Dill.) L. Blood Root. canadensis L. Chelidonium [Tourn.] L. Celandine. MAJUS L. FUMARIACEAE Adlumia Raf. Climbing Fumitory. fungosa (Ait.) Greene. Mt. Toby, etc. Dicentra Bernh. Cucullaria (L.) Bernh. Dutchman’s Breeches. Westfield, C. S. Plumb; North Amherst, Northampton, South Hadley. canadensis (Goldie) Walp. Squirrel Corn. Conway, G. L. Goodale ; Leverett, E. H. Sharpe. Corydalis (Dill.) Medic. sempervirens (L.) Pers. Pale Corydalis. Fumaria [Tourn.] L. Fumitory. officinalis L. Common Fumitory. CRUCIFERAE Berteroa DC. incana (L.) DC. Springfield, Mrs. A. J. Smith and Dr. W. H. Chapin; Amherst, R. E. Torrey. Introduced in seed and spreading rapidly. Alyssum [Tourn.] L. alyssoides L. Amherst, etc. Lepidium [Tourn.] L. Pepperwort. Peppergrass. virginicum L. Wild Peppergrass. apetalum Willd. Springfield, Miss M. L. Owen. campestre (L.) R. Br. Amherst. Capsella Medic. Shepherd’s Purse. Bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Camelina Crantz. False Flax. sativa (L.) Crantz. tnicrocarfia Andrz. Greenfield, E. F. Williams. Rhodora , Vol. XII, p. 169. 32 Raphanus [Tourn.] L. Radish. Raphanistrum L. Wild Radish. Jointed Charlock. Brassica [Tourn.] L. Mustard. Turnip. alba (L.) Boiss. White Mustard. juncea (L.) Cosson. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. nigra (L.) Koch. Black Mustard. campestris L. Rutabaga. More or less common in waste places. Conringia (Heist) Link. Hare’s-ear Mustard. orientalis (L.) Dumort. Belchertown, R. E. Torrey. Sisymbrium [Tourn.] L. Hedge Mustard. OFFICINALE (L.) Scop. officinale (L.) Scop. var. leiocarpum UC. Herb. Spfld Sci. Mus. Erysimum [Tourn.] L. Treacle Mustard. cheiranthoides L. Worm-seed Mustard. Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup; Sunderland. Radicula (Dill.) Hill. Water Cress. Nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Britten & Rendle. True Water Cress. More or less common in brooks. sylvestris (L.) Druce. Yellow Cress. palustris (L.) Muench. Marsh Cress. palustris (L.) Muench. var. hispida (Desv.) Robinson. Leverett pond, R. E. Torrey. Armoracia (L.) Robinson. Horse-radish. Persistent and spread- ing around old dwellings. Barbarea R. Br. Winter Cress. vulgaris R. Br. Common Winter Cress. Yellow Rocket. stricta Andrz. Longmeadow ; Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. Dentaria [Tourn.] L. Toothwort. Pepper-root. diphylla Michx. maxima Nutt. Springfield, Miss G. L. Pettis. laciniata Muhl. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock ; Springfield, Miss G. L. Pettis ; Amherst and Sunderland. Cardamine [Tourn.] L. Bitter Cress. bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP. Spring Cress. Pratensis L. Cuckoo Flower. Amherst, A. V. Osmun ; Conway. parvi flora L. pennsylvanica Muhl. Arabis L. Rock Cress. lyrata L. Mt. Tom, S. Stebbins. Drummondi Gray. hirsuta (L.) Scop. laevigata (Muhl.) Poir. canadensis L. Sickle-pod. Isates tinctoria L. Dyer’s Wood. Amherst, Mass. Agr. College grounds. See Cyclopedia of Am. Hort., Bailey, p. 836. 33 SARRACENIACEAE Sarracenia [Tourn.] L. purpurea L. Pitcher-plant. DROSERACEAE Drosera L. Sundew. rotundifolia L. Round-leaved Sundew. longi folia L. PODOSTEMACEAE Podostemum Michx. River Weed. ceratophyllum Michx. In Conn, river, E. Hitchcock; South Hadley, Miss L. W. Shattuck. CRASSULACEAE Penthorum [Gronov.] L. Ditch Stonecrop. sedoides L. Sedum [Tourn.] L. Stonecrop. Orpine. acre L. Mossy Stonecrop. Occasional. ternatum Michx. Sunderland. reflexum L. Roadside, Leverett, H. G. Jesup. purpureum Tausch. Garden Orpine. Live-for-ever. Roadsides. Sempervirum L. Houseleek. tectorum L. SAXIFRAGACEAE Saxifraga [Tourn.] L. Saxifrage. pennsylvanica L. Swamp Saxifrage. virginiensis Michx. Early Saxifrage. Tiarella L. False Miterwort. cordifolia L. Mitella [Tourn.] L. Miterwort. Bishop’s Cap. diphylla L. nuda L. East Amherst, H. G. Jesup ; Plumtrees Swamp, C. S. Putnam. Chrysosplenium [Tourn.] L. Golden Saxifrage. americanum Schwein. Parnassia [Tourn.] L. Grass of Parnassus. caroliniana Michx. 4 34 Ribes L. Currant. Gooseberry. Cynosbati L. Prickly Gooseberry. Dogberry. Conway, Mt. Tom, South Hadley. rotundifolium Michx. West River Mt., E. Hitchcock. oxyacanthoides L. Smooth Gooseberry. floridum L’Her. Wild Black Currant. prostratum L’Her. Skunk Currant. Belchertown, H. G. Jesup. vulgare Lam. Red Currant. Escaped from gardens. aureum Pursh. Missouri or Buffalo Currant. Escaped from cultivation. HAMAMELIDACEAE Hamamelis L. Witch Hazel. virginiana L. PLATANACEAE Platanus [Tourn.] L. Sycamore. Buttonwood. occidentalis L. River valleys. A noteworthy specimen of this tree, 20 feet in circumference, stands on Sunder- land street. This is said to be the largest sycamore tree in Massachusetts. ROSACEAE Spiraea [Tourn.] L. latifolia Borkhr. Meadow-sweet. tomentosa L. Hardhack. Steeple Bush. Sorbaria A. Br. sorbifolia (L.) A. Br. Amherst, N. Hadley road, W. D. Barlow. Pyrus [Tourn.] L. Malus L. Apple. Frequently spontaneous. arbuti folia (L.) L. f. Chokeberry. arbutifolia (L.) L. f. var. atropurpurea (Britton) Robinson. melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd. Northampton. americana (Marsh.) DC. American Mountain Ash. Aucuparia (L.) Ehrh. European Mountain Ash. Rowan Tree. Amherst, etc. Escaped. Amelanchier Medic. Shad Bush. sanguinea (Pursh.) DC. Millers Falls, Montague ; K. M. Wie- gand in Rhodora, Vol. XIV, p. 138. stolonifera Wiegand. Millers Falls, Montague ; Rhodora, Vol. XIV, p. 144- 35 A. canadensis (L.) Medic. Rhodora , Vol. XIV, p. 159. laevis Wiegand. Millers Falls, Montague. Rhodora , Vol. XIV, p. 154. oblongifolia (T. & G.) Roem. The extensive revision of this genus makes it doubtful if this species is in our range. Crataegus L. Hawthorne. This genus has been extensively revised by Prof. C. S. Sargent in the last few years, and our region has not been thoroughly explored. Doubtless many other species exist here. Prof. Sargent has already enumerated some 60 species found in this state. The specific distinctions are so fine that none but a specialist can identify them. Crus-galli L. ■punctata Jacq. Gravesii Sarg. Amherst; Rhodora , Vol. V, p. 159. coccinea L. Stonei Sarg. Smith Hill, Pelham, etc.; Rhodora, Vol. V, p. 62. tomentosa L. rotundifoha Muench. macrosperma Ashe. Springfield, L. Andrews. polita Sarg. Springfield, L. Andrews. macracantha Lodd. Fragaria [Tourn.] L. Strawberry. virginiana Duchesne. vesca L. var. americana Porter. Mt. Holyoke, Mt. Toby, etc. Waldsteinia Willd. fragarioides (Michx.) Trattinick. Barren Strawberry. Appar- ently rare. See E. F. Williams in Rhodora , Vol. XII, p. 170. Potentilla L. Cinquefoil. Five-finger. arguta Pursh. monspeliensis L. var. novegica (L.) Rydb. argentea L. Silvery Cinquefoil. recta L. Belchertown, R. E. Torrey; South Amherst, S. C. Brooks ; Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin. palustris (L.) Scop. Marsh Cinquefoil. Springfield, S. Stebbins. fruticosa L. Shrubby Cinquefoil. More common in the Berk- shires, where it becomes a noxious weed. tridentata Ait. Three-toothed Cinquefoil. Hoosac Mountain, E. Hitchcock. Probably within our range. pumila Poir. Springfield, L. Andrews. canadensis L. canadensis L. var. simplex (Michx.) T. &. G. Springfield, L. An- drews. 36 Geum L. Avens. canadense Jacq. flavum (Porter) Bicknell. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. virginianum L. strictum Ait. rivale L. Water or Purple Avens. Rubus [Tourn.] L. Bramble. idaeus L. var. aculeatissimus [C. A. Mey.] Regel & Tiling. Wild Red Raspberry. This common raspberry should be called Rubus idaeus L. var. canadensis Rich. (See W. H. Blanchard in Rhodora^ ol. XI, p. 236.) occidentals L. Black Raspberry. Thimbleberry. odoratus L. Purple Flowering Raspberry. triflorus Richards. Dwarf Raspberry. This plant should be called Rubus pubescens Raf. (See W. H. Blanch- ard in Rhodora, Vol. XI, p. 236.) allegheniensis Porter. Springfield, L. Andrews. frondosus Bigel. Springfield, A. Andrews. Randii (Bailey) Rydb. Springfield, L. Andrews. canadensis L. Millspaughi Britton. Common in highlands of New England. Ezra Brainerd in Rhodora , Vol. II, p. 26. Col- lected at Hawley, elevation about 1800 ft. Andrewsianus Blanchard. Southwick. In Rhodora, Vol. VIII, p. 17. nigricans Rydb. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. hispidus L. villosus Ait. Dewberry. villosus Ait. var. humifusus T. & G. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. plicatifolius Blanchard. Palmer and Munson. In Rhodora , Vol. VIII, p. 216. Rossbergianus Blanchard. Palmer. Blanchard in Rhodora , Vol. IX, p. 7. Dalibarda Kalm. repens L. Greenfield, E. Tuckerman ; Sunderland, Lake Wyola, R. E. Torrey ; Warwick, Dr. N. A. Cobb. Agrimonia [Tourn.] L. Agrimony. gryposepala Wallr. striata Michx. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. mollis (T. & G.) Britton. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. Sanguisorba [Rupp.] L. Burnet. canadensis L. Canadian Burnet. Hadley, Sunderland, Amherst, Deerfield, etc. 37 Rosa [Tourn.] L. Rose. blanda Ait. Mt. Holyoke. cinnamomea L. Cinnamon Rose. Persistent about dwellings. rubiginosa L. Sweetbrier. Eglantine. gallica L. Garden Rose. Roadsides and fields. nitida Willd. Springfield, L. Andrews. Carolina L. virginiana Mill. humilis Marsh. Plumtrees Swamp, A. V. Osmun ; Springfield, L. Andrews. multiflora Thunb. Escaping locally. Prunus [Tourn.] L. Plum, Cherry, etc. serotina Ehrh. Wild Black or Rum Cherry. virginiana L. Choke Cherry. pennsylvanica L. f. Wild Red, Bird, Fire or Pin Cherry. institia C. Bullace Plum. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. cuneata Raf. Springfield, L. Andrews. pumila L. Sand Cherry. americana Marsh. Wild Plum. LEGUMINOSAE G1 edit si a L. Honey Locust. triacanthos L. Honey Locust. Escaped from cultivation. Cassia [Tourn.] L. Senna. marilandica L. Wild Senna. nictitans L. Wild Sensitive Plant. Baptisia Vent. False Indigo. tinctoria (L.) R. Br. Wild Indigo. Crotaria (Dill.) L. Rattle-box. sagittalis L. Lupinus [Tourn.] L. Lupine. perennis L. , Trifolium [Tourn.] L. Clover. Trefoil. arvense L. Rabbit-foot. Stone Clover. incarnatum L. Crimson or Italian Clover. Amherst. Occa- sionally persists. pratense L. Red Clover. repens L. White Clover. hybridum L. Alsike Clover. Common under cultivation and in fields. agrarium L. Yellow or Hop Clover. procumbens L. Low Hop Clover. 38 M elilotus [Tourn.] Hill. Melilot. Sweet Clover. officinalis (L.) Lam. Yellow Melilotus. alba Desr. White Melilot. Medicago [Tourn.] L. Medick. sativa L. Lucerne. Alfalfa. lupulina L. Black Medick. Nonesuch. Both species of Medi- cago were formerly rare, but now more common. Lotus [Tourn.] L. Bird’s Foot Trefoil. corniculatus L. North Amherst, A. V. Osmun. Amorpha L. fruticosa L. False Indigo. Escaped from cultivation and established near Mass. Agr. College grounds, Am- herst ; Springfield, L. Andrews. Tephrosia Pers. Hoary Pea. virginiana (L.) Pers. Goat’s Rue. Catgut. Robinia L. Locust. Pseudo- Acacia L. Common Locust or False Acacia. Wellesley. viscosa Vent. Clammy Locust. Persistent and spreading. Coronilla L. varia L. Amherst, etc. Desmodium Desv. Tick Trefoil. nudiflorum (L.) UC. grandiflorum (Walt.) DC. rotundifolium (Michx.) DC. canescens (L) DC. bracteosum (Michx.) DC. Dillenii Darlingt. paniculatum (L.) DC. canadense (L.) DC. rigidum (Ell.) DC. marilandicum (L.) DC. Lespedeza Michx. Bush Clover. procumbens Michx. violacea (L.) Pers. hirta (L.) Hornem. capitata Michx. capitata Michx. var. velutina (Bicknell) Fernald. Springfield, L. Andrews. Vicia [Tourn.] L. Vetch. Tare. sativa L. Spring Vetch. angustifolia (L.) Reichard. var. segetalis (Thuillier) Koch. Amherst ; Springfield, L. Andrews. 39 Cracca L. Deerfield ; Springfield, L. Andrews ; Sunderland, H. G. Jesup ; Monson, E. L. Morris; Lock’s pond, Shutesbury, R. E. Torrey. More or less common now ; previously rare. Probably native. Lathyrus [Tourn.] L. Vetchling. Everlasting Pea. latifolius L. Everlasting or Perennial Pea. Amherst, etc. pratensis L. West Springfield, A. P. Foster; Springfield, Mrs. M. L. Owen. Apios (Boerhaave) Ludwig. Groundnut. Wild Bean. tuberosa Muench. Amphicarpa Ell. Hog Peanut. monoica (L.) Ell. Pitcheri T. & G. Sunderland, R. E. Torrey. LINACEAE Linum [Tourn.] L. Flax. usitatissimum L. Dumps and railroad embankments. virginianum L. OXALIDACEAE Oxalis L. Wood Sorrel. Acetosella L. Common Wood Sorrel. Amherst, Conway, etc. violacea L. Violet Wood Sorrel. Notch, Mt. Holyoke, etc. stricta L. corniculata L. Lady’s Sorrel. repens Thunb. About greenhouses, etc. GERANIACEAE Geranium [Tourn.] L. Cranesbill. maculatum L. Wild Cranesbill. Robertianum L. Herb Robert. carolinianum L. Pusillum Burm. f. In grass lands. Springfield, Mrs. M. L. Owen. molle L. In grass lands. Springfield, Mrs. M. L. Owen. RUTACEAE Zanthoxylum L. Prickly Ash. americanum Mill. Northern Prickly Ash. Toothache-tree. Sun- derland, E. Hitchcock ; Norwottuck, W. S. Clark. Ptelea L. Hop Tree. trifoliata L. Springfield, L. Andrews; Easthampton, Dr. N. A. Cobb ; also seeding in freely where cultivated. 4o SIMARUBACEAE Ailanthus Desf. Tree of Heaven. glandulosa Desf. Established here and there, frequently under the most adverse conditions. POLYGALACEAE Polygala [Tourn.] L. Milkwort. paucifolia Willd. Fringed Polygala. Flowering Wintergreen. polygama Walt. sanguinea L. verticillata L. verticillata L. var. ambigua (Nutt.) Wood. Springfield, Mrs. A. J. Smith. EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha L. Three-seeded Mercury. virginica L. Euphorbia L. Spurge. Preslii Guss. hirsuta (Torr.) Wiegand. Springfield, L. Andrews. maculata L. Milk Purslane. Ipecacuanhae L. Enfield ; A. S. Pease in Rhodora , Vol. VI, p. 87. Cyparissias L. Cypress Spurge. Fruiting forms found in Greenfield; Walter Dean in Rhodora, Vol. XIV, page 194. CALLITRICHACEAE Callitriche L. Water Starwort. palustris L. heterophylla Pursh. Near Mt. Warner ; H. L. Clark in Rhodora , Vol. I, p. 164 ; Springfield, L. Andrews. ANACARDIACEAE Rhus L. Sumac. typhina L. Staghorn Sumac. glabra L. Smooth Sumac. copallina L. Dwarf Sumac. Vernix L. Poison Sumac or Dogwood. Toxicodendron L. Poison Ivy. Poison Oak. AQUIFOLI ACEAE Ilex L. verticillata (L.) Gray. Black Alder. Winterberry. laevigata (Pursh.) Gray. Smooth Winterberry. Belchertown ponds, H. G. Jesup ; Southwick; C. H. Bissell in Rhodora , Vol. XIII, p. 54. Nemopanthus Raf. Mountain Holly. mucronata (L.) Trel. CELASTRACEAE Celastrus L. Staff Tree. Shrubby Bitter-sweet. scandens L. Waxwork. Climbing Bitter-sweet. STAPHYLEACEAE Staphylea L. Bladder Nut. trifolia L. American Bladder Nut. Sunderland, brooks of Conn. river, C. S. Plumb; Mt. Toby, A. V. Osmun ; Plumtrees, Sunderland, Mt. Holyoke, Deerfield, North Hadley. ACERACEAE Acer [Tourn.] L. Maple. pennsylvanicum L. Striped Maple. Moosewood. spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple. saccharum Marsh. Sugar or Rock Maple. saccharum Marsh, var. nigrum (Michx. f.) Britton. Black Sugar Maple. Many of our sugar maples in the Con- necticut valley, if not identical with this variety, closely approach it in form, texture, color and pubescence of leaf and general habit. saccharinum L. White or Silver Maple. rubrum L. Red or Swamp Maple. rubrum L. var. tridens Wood. Springfield, L. Andrews. Negundo L. Box Elder. Western part of our range. SAPINDACEAE Aesculus L. Horse-chestnut. Hippocastanum L. Common Horse-chestnut. Occasionally propagates by seeds. 42 BALSAMINACEAE Impatiens (Rivinius) L. Balsam. Jewelweed. pallida Nutt. Pale Touch-me-not. bi flora Walt. Spotted Touch-me-not. RHAMNACEAE Rhamnus [Tourn.] L. Buckthorn. alnifolia L’Her. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock. Has not been found by other collectors. CATHARTICA L. Common Buckthorn. Ceanothus L. Red-root. americanus L. New Jersey Tea. ovatus Desf. Springfield, W. E. Johnson. VITACEAE Psedera Neck. Virginia Creeper. Woodbine. quinquefolia (L.) Greene. quinquefolia (L.) Greene, var. hirsuta (Donn) Rehder. Amherst; A. Rehder in Rhodora, Vol. X, p. 26. Ampelopsis heteropliylla Sieb. & Zucc. Escaping ; Mass. Agr. College grounds. (See Bailey’s Cyc. of Am. Hort ., Vol. I, P- 59- Vitis [Tourn.] L. Grape. labrusca L. Northern Fox Grape. aestivalis Michx. Summer or Pigeon Grape. cordifolia Michx. Frost or Chicken Grape. vulpina L. River-bank or Frost Grape. TIL1ACEAE Tilia [Tourn.] L. Linden. americana L. Basswood. MALVACEAE Abutilon [Tourn.] Mill. Indian Mallow. Theophrasti Medic. Velvet Leaf. Malva [Tourn.] L. Mallow. rotundifolia L. Common Mallow, Cheeses. sylvestris L. High Mallow. moschata L. Musk Mallow. Hibiscus L. Rose Mallow. Trionum L. Flower-of-an-hour. Springfield, L. Andrews. 43 HYPERICACEAE Hypericum [Tourn.] L. St. John’s-wort. Ascyron L. Great St. John’s-wort. perforatum L. Common St. John’s-wort. punctatum Lam. ellipticum Hook. mutilum L. majus (Gray) Britton. Conway, H. G. Jesup ; Springfield. canadense L. gentianoides (L.) BSP. Orange Grass. Pineweed. virginicum L. Marsh St. John’s-wort. CISTACEAE Helianthemum [Tourn.] Mill. Rockrose. canadense (L.?) Michx. Frostweed. Lechea (Kalm) L. Pinweed. villosa Ell. minor L. intermedia Leggett. Springfield, L. Andrews. maritima Leggett, var. interior Robinson. Training School grounds, Springfield, L. Andrews. tenuifolia Michx. Southwick, S. Stebbins ; Amherst, E. F. Bishop. VIOLACEAE This genus, Viola, has recently been extensively revised and many new species have been added. The tendency to hybridization renders, the determination of species difficult. Viola [Tourn.] L. Violet. Heart’s-ease. pedata L. Bird-foot Violet. pedata L. var. lineariloba DC. Springfield, L. Andrews. cucullata Ait. latiuscula Greene. papilionacea Pursh. palmata L. triloba Schwein. Springfield, L. Andrews. sororia Willd. septentrionalis Greene. fimbriatula Sm. sagittata Ait. Selkirkii Pursh. lanceolata L. Lance-leaved Violet. primulifolia L. Primrose-leaved Violet. 44 pallens (Banks) Brainerd. blanda Willd. Notch, Mt. Holyoke, and Mt. Toby. renifolia Gray. rotundifolia Michx. Round-leaved or Early Yellow Violet. pubescens Ait. Downy Yellow Violet. scabriuscula Schwein. canadensis L. Canada Violet. striata Ait. Amherst, E. Hitchcock; South Hadley, Mrs. C. S. Phelps. conspersa Reichenb. rostrata Pursh. Long-spurred Violet. Whately Glen and Rattle- snake Gutter. tricolor L. Pansy. Heart’s-ease. arvensis Murr. Wild Pansy. THYMELAEACEAE JDirca L. Leatherwood. Moosewood. palustris L. Wicopy. ELAEAGNACEAE Elaeagnus [Tourn.] L. umbellata Thunbg. Escaping freely on Mass. Agr. College grounds. See Bailey’s Cyc. of Am. Hort ., Vol. II, P- 524. LYTHRACEAE Ammannia [Houston] L. Koehnei Britton. Lombard Reservoir, Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin. Decodon J. F. Gmel. Swamp Loosestrife. virticillatus (L.) Ell. Water Willow. Belchertown, Sunderland, Springfield, etc. Lythrum L. Loosestrife. alatum Pursh. Sunderland, R. E. Torrey; Springfield, L. An- drews. Salicaria L. Spiked Loosestrife. Wet places. VIRGATUM L. MELASTOMACEAE Rhexia L. Deer Grass. Meadow Beauty. virginica L. Leverett, Shutesbury, H. G. Jesup ; Warwick, C. S. Plumb ; Sunderland, A. V. Osmun. Rather rare, but abundant locally. 45 ONAGRACEAE Ludvigia L. False Loosestrife. alternifolia L. Seedbox. Hadley, E. Tuckerman; Springfield,. Mrs. M. L. Owen. polycarpa Short and Peter. East Longmeadow, Dr. W. H. Chapin. palustris (L.) Ell. Water Purslane. Epilobium L. Willow-herb. angustifolium L. Great Willow-herb. Fire-weed. molle Torr. Sunderland, Amherst. densum Raf. coloratum Muhl. adenocaulon Haussk. Oenothera L. Evening Primrose. cruciata Nutt. Sunderland, Northampton, etc., S. C. Brooks. muricata L. Amherst, S. C. Brooks. biennis L. Common Evening Primrose. grandiflora Ait. Pansy Park, Belchertown, L. W. Goodellj^ Springfield. Escaped from cultivation. pumila L. fruticosa L. Sundrops. South Hadley, Mrs. C. S. Phelps. Circaea [Tourn.] L. Enchanter’s Nightshade. lutetiana L. alpina L. HALORAGIDACEAE lAyriophyllum [Vaill.] L. Water Milfoil. verticillatum L. humile (Raf.) Morong. Hadley, H. G. Jesup ; Springfield, L. Andrews. humile (Raf.) Morong. forma capillaceum (Torr.) Fernald. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. tenellum Bigel. Proserpinaca L. Mermaid-weed. palustris L. ARALIACEAE Aralia [Tourn.] L. racemosa L. Spikenard. hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla. Wild Elder. nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla. 46 Panax L. Ginseng. quinquefolium L. Ginseng. Deerfield, Conway, Mt. Toby, Am- herst, etc. The ginseng of commerce, collected and cultivated for its medicinal roots. trifolium L. Dwarf Ginseng. Ground-nut. UMBELLI FERAE Sanicula [Tourn.] L. Sanicle. Black Snakeroot. marilandica L. gregaria Bicknell. Springfield, L. Andrews. canadensis L. Hydrocotyle [Tourn ] L. Water Pennywort. americana L. Osmorhiza Raf. Sweet Cicely. Claytoni (Michx.) Clarke. longistylis (Torr.) DC. Conium L. Poison Hemlock. maculatum L. A poisonous plant. Cicuta L. Water Hemlock. maculata L. Spotted Cowbane. Musquash Root. Beaver Poison. bulbifera L. Carum L. Caraway. Carvi L. Caraway. Around old dwellings. Berula Hoffrn. erecta (Huds.) Coville. Sium [Tourn.] L. Water Parsnip. cicutaefolium Shrank. Cryptotaenia DC. Honewort. canadensis (L.) DC. Zizia Koch. aurea (L.) Koch. Golden Alexanders. Taenidia Drude. integerrima (L.) Drude. Montague, J. L. Bennett; Dr. N. A. Cobb’s List. Thaspium Nutt. Meadow Parsnip. aureum Nutt. Pastinaca L. Parsnip. SATIVA L. Anethum [Tourn.] L. Dill. graveolens L. Feeding Hills, Springfield. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. Heracleum L. Cow Parsnip. lanatum Michx. 47 Angelica L. Angelica atropurpurea L. Daucus [Tourn.] L. Carrot. Carota L. One of our worst biennial weeds. CORNACEAE Cornus [Tourn.] L. Cornel. Dogwood. canadensis L. Dwarf Cornel. Bunchberry. florida L. Flowering Dogwood. circinata L’Her. Round-leaved Cornel or Dogwood. A beauti- ful species found largely in rich humus of moun- tainous regions. Amomum Mill. Silky Cornel. Kinnikinnik. stolonifera Michx. Red-ozier Dogwood. paniculata L’Her. alternifolia L. f. Nyssa L. Tupelo. Pepperidge. Sour Gum. sylvatica Marsh. Black Gum. Generally distributed, but not well known. E-RICACEAE Clethra [Gronov.] L. White Alder. alnifolia L. Sweet Pepperbush. Belchertown swamp, R. E. Torrey. This is the most western station known to us in Mass. Common near the coast. A valua- ble honey plant. Chimaphila Pursh. Pipsissewa. umhellata (L.) Nutt. Prince’s Pine. Pipsissewa. maculata (L.) Pursh. Spotted Wintergreen. Less common than the preceding. M oneses Salisb. One-flowered Pyrola. uniflora (L.) Gray. Williamsburg, H. G. Jesup ; Mt. Toby, H. L. Clark in Rhodora , Vol. I, p. 165 ; North Leverett, R. E. Torrey ; Amherst. Pyrola [Tourn.] L. Wintergreen. Shin Leaf. secunda L. chlorantha Sw. elliptica Nutt. Shin Leaf. americana Sweet. asarifolia Michx. M onotropa L. Pinesap. uniflora L. Indian Pipe. Corpse Plant. Hypopitys L. Pinesap. Fake Beech Drops. 48 Pterospora Nutt. Pine Drops. andromedea Nutt. Easthampton, E. Hitchcock. Not observed by other collectors. Ledum L. Labrador Tea. groenlandicum Oeder. Amherst, Hitchcock Catal. ; Greenfield, Plumtrees Road ; Springfield, Miss F. A. Steb- bins. Rhododendron L. viscosum (L.) Torr. Clammy Azalea. White Swamp Honey- suckle. Belchertown, etc. Rather rare and local. More common near the coast. viscosum (L.) Torr. var. glaucum (Michx.) Gray. Springfield, L. Andrews. nudiflorum (L.) Torr. Purple Azalea. Pinxter Flower. canescens (Michx.) G. Don. This species seems to be more com- mon than the preceding in the Conn. Valley. Ac- cording to our observations a mark of distinction between the two is the simultaneous appearance of flowers and leaves in R. canescens. canadense (L.) BSP. Rhodora. Kalmia L. Laurel. lad folia L. Mountain Laurel. Spoon-wood. lad folia L. forma polypetala Nicholson. [See Alfred Rehder in Rhodora , Vol. XII, p. i.] This interesting form of Kalmia was discovered by Miss M. Bryant at South Deerfield, and described by Asa Gray in the Am. Nat., Vol. IV, p. 373 ; 1871. In this form the corolla is completely divided into linear or liliform divisions. One of these forms is in the Arnold Arboretum, and Prof. C. S. Sargent has figured and described it in Garden and Forest , Vol. II, pp. 452-453. The writer discovered a similar form in Leverett near a roadside, in 1907. (See Rho- dora, Vol. II, p. 199.) And in June, 1910, a large clump of the same was discovered at Mt. Toby. angusdfolia L. Sheep Laurel. Lambkill. Wicky. poli folia Wang. Pale Laurel. Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin. Rare. Amherst. Andromeda L. glaucophylla Link. Bog Rosemary. Belchertown south pond, Hampton pond ; Springfield, S. Stebbins and Dr. W. H. Chapin ; Florence. See Rhodora , Vol. V, pp. 67-71. 49 Lyonia Nutt. ligustrina (L.) DC. Male Berry. Chamaedaphne Muench. Leather Leaf. Cassandra. calyculata (L.) Muench. Epigaea L. Ground Laurel. Trailing Arbutus. repens L. Mayflower. Gaultheria [Kalm] L. Aromatic Wintergreen. procumbens L. Teaberry. Checkerberry. Arctostaphylos Adans. Bearberry. Uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Not common. Calluna Salisb. Heather. Ling. vulgaris (L.) Hull. Northfield, C. C. Frost. Probably an escape. Chiogenes Salisb. Creeping Snowberry. hispidula (L.) T. & G. Moxie Plum. Gapillaire. Swamps, Spring- field, Amherst, etc. Local. Gaylussacia HBK. Huckleberry. frondosa (L.) T. & G. Blue Tangle. Dangleberry. baccata (Wang.) C. Koch. Black Huckleberry. Vaccinium L. Blueberry. Cranberry. stamineum L. Deerberry. Squaw Huckleberry. pennsylvanicum Lam. Low Sweet Blueberry. Early Sweet Blueberry. pennsylvanicum Lam. forma leucocarpum Deane. The common blueberry runs into many forms, varying in color and translucency of the fruit. Forma leucocarpum with white fruit is most pronounced. pennsylvanicum Lam. var. nigrum Wood. Low Black Blueberry. vacillans Kalm. Late Low Blueberry. corymbosum L. High Blueberry. atrococcum (Gray) Heller. Black High Blueberry. Oxy coccus L. Small Cranberry. macrocarpon Ait. Large or American Cranberry. PRIMULACEAE Lysimachia [Tourn.] L. Loosestrife. Punctata L. Roadsides, South Amherst, H. G. Jesup. Not found at this station now. See Rhodora , Vol. IV, p. 62. quadrifolia L. terrestris (L.) BSP. Nummularia L. Moneywort. Common. thyrsiflora L. Tufted Loosestrife. Steironema Raf. ciliatum (L.) Raf. 5 5° Trientalis L. Chickweed. Wintergreen. americana (Pers.) Pursh. Star Flower. This plant should be called Trientalis borealis Raf. See W. H. Blanch- ard in Rhodora, Vol. XI, p. 236. OLEACEAE Fraxinus [Tourn.] L. Ash. americana L. White Ash. Our most common ash ; the others more or less rare. pennsylvanica Marsh. Red Ash. pennsylvanica Marsh, var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg. Green Ash. nigra Marsh. Black Ash. Ligustrum [Tourn.] L. Privet. vulgare L. Privet or Prim. Much more common near the coast. GENTIANACEAE Centiana [Tourn.] L. Gentian. crinita Froel. Fringed Gentian. quinquefolia L. Mt. Toby, H. G. Jesup; Hoosac Mountain (probably within our range), E. Hitchcock ; Bland- ford, Mrs. S. T. Seelye; Cobb’s List. Andrewsii Griseb. Closed Gentian. linearis Froel. Hoosac Mts. (within our range), S. C. Brooks. Halenia Borkh. Spurred Gentian. deflexa (Sm.) Grisebach. Cummington, H. G. Jesup. Bartonia Muhl. virginica (L.) BSP. M enyanthes [Tourn.] L. Buckbean. trifoliata L. Nymphoides [Tourn.] Hill. Floating Heart. lacunosum (Vent.) Fernald. Ponds, South Hadley, Belchertown, etc., S. C. Brooks. APOCYNACEAE Apocynum [Tourn.] L. Dogbane. Indian Hemp. androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane. medium Greene. Springfield, L. Andrews. cannabinum L. Indian Hemp. 5i ASCLEPIADACEAE Asdepias [Tourn.] L. Milkweed. Silkweed. tuberosa L. Butterfly-weed. Pleurisy-root. purpurascens L. Purple Milkweed. incarnata L. Swamp Milkweed. incarnata L. var. pulchra (Ehrh.) Pers. Springfield, L. Andrews. cannabinum L. Indian Hemp. syriaca L. Common Milkweed or Silkweed. amplexicaulis Sm. phytolaccoides Pursh. Poke Milkweed. quadrifolia Jacq. verticillata L. CONVOLVULACEAE Ipomoea L. Morning Glory. Purpurea (L.) Roth. Convolvulus [Tourn.] L. Bindweed. spithamaeus L. japonicus Thunb. Escaped from cultivation. sepium L. Hedge Bindweed. Cuscuta [Tourn.] L. Dodder. Epithymum Murr. Occasionally found parasitic on clover and alfalfa, causing “ lodging ” of the host plant. In- troduced in clover seed, but not persisting. arvensis Beyrich. Occasionally affecting alfalfa and clover. Gronovii Willd. Common on alders, etc., but observed growing on raspberry bushes. POLEMONIACEAE Phlox L. Paniculata L. Persistent and occasionally escaped. stolonifera Sims. Amherst, E. N. Brown. HYDROPHYLLACEAE Hydrophyllum [Tourn.] L. Waterleaf. virginianum L. Rare. 52 BORAGINACEAE Cynoglossum [Tourn.] L. Hound’s Tongue. officinale L. Common Hound’s Tongue. boreale) Fernald. Mt. Toby, A. V. Osmun. Lappula [Rivinius] Muench. Stickseed. virginiana^(L.) Greene. Beggar’s Lice. Springfield, L. Andrews ; Amherst. Symphytum [Tourn.] L. Comfrey. officinale L. Common Comfrey. Waste places; Belchertown, Leverett, etc. Lycopsis L. Bugloss. arvensis L. Small Bugloss. Amherst and Hatfield, E. Hitch- cock. Myosotis (Rupp.) L. Scorpion-grass. Forget-me-not. scorpioides L. True Forget-me-not. Amherst, etc. arvensis (L.) Hill. Hitchcock Catal. virginica (L.) BSP. Amherst, Mt. Holyoke, etc., H. G. Jesup. Lithospermum [Tourn.] L. Gromwell. Puccoon. arvense L. Corn Gromwell. Longmeadow ; Springfield, L. Andrews. Onosmodium Michx. False Gromwell. virginianum (L.) DC. Monson, E. Hitchcock ; Long Hill, Spring- field, Mrs. Burnham. Echium [Tourn.] L. Viper’s Bugloss. vulgare L. Blue-weed. Blue Devil. Roadsides near Green- field, F. G. Tuckerman ; Springfield, Dr. George Demock ; Conway, H. G. Jesup. VERBENACEAE Verbena [Tourn.] L. Vervain. urticaefolia L. White Vervain. angustifolia Michx. South Hadley, E. Hitchcock ; Amherst, W. S. Clark ; Mt. Tom, S. Stebbins ; Mt. Holyoke, H. G. Jesup. hastata L. Blue Vervain. LABIATAE Teucrium [Tourn.] L. Germander. canadense L. American Germander. Wood Sage. Trichostema L. Blue Curls. dichotomum L. Bastard Pennyroyal. 53 Scutellaria L. Skullcap. lateriflora L. Mad-dog Skullcap. A form with white flowers has been found at Sunderland by R. E. Torrey. gaiericulata L. Marrubium [Tourn.] L. Horehound. vulgare L. Common Horehound. Agastache Clayt. Giant Hyssop. nepetoides (L.) Ktze. Deerfield, E. Hitchcock. Not since col- lected. Nepeta L. Cat Mint. Cataria L. Catnip. hederacea (L.) Trevisan. Ground Ivy. Gill-over-the-Ground. Prunella L. Self-heal. vulgaris L. Heal-all. Carpenter-weed. Caleopsis L. Hemp. Nettle. Tetrahit L. Common Hemp. Nettle. Lamium L. Dead Nettle. amplexicaule L. Henbit. PURPUREUM L. Leonurus L. Motherwort. Cardiaca L. Common Motherwort. Stachys [Tourn.] L. Hedge Nettle. tenuifolia Willd. var. aspera (Michx.) Fernald. M onarda L. Horse Mint. didyma L. Oswego Tea. Bee Balm. Roadsides, Leverett, etc. fistulosa L. Wild Bergamot. Shelburne, F. G. Tuckerman ; Mt. Toby, A. V. Osmun. Prof. Osmun observed a large colony of the species on Mt. Toby quite remote from any habitation, which had all the ap- pearance of being indigenous. Prof. Tuckerman apparently considered it indigenous, although M. L. Fernald ( Rhodora , Vol. Ill, p. 15) describes it as an escape in New England. Blephilia Raf. ciliata (L.) Raf. Hadley, H. G. Jesup. hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. Wood Mint. Cummington, etc., E. Hitchcock. Hedeoma Pers. Mock Pennyroyal. pulegioides (L.) Pers. American Pennyroyal. Melissa [Tourn.] L. Balm. officinalis L. Common Balm. Escaped from gardens, Conway, H. G. Jesup. Satureja [Tourn.] L. Savory. Calamint. vulgaris (L.) Fritsch. Basil. Apparently native. 54 Origanum [Tourn.] L. Wild Marjoram. vulgare L. Roadsides, Amherst, etc. Pycnanthemum Michx. Mountain Mint. Basil. flexuosum (Walt.) BSP. virginianum (L.) Durand & Jackson. incanum (L.) Michx. Mt. Holyoke, etc., H. G. Jesup. muticum (Michx) Pers. Thymus [Tourn.] L. Serpyllum L. Creeping Thyme. Amherst, etc., W. D. Bar- low ; Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin. Spreading. Lycopus [Tourn.] L. Water Horehound. virginicus L. Bugle Weed. uniflorus Michx. Bugle Weed. Springfield, L. Andrews. americanus Muhl. Mentha [Tourn.] L. Mint. spicata L. Spearmint. piperita L. Peppermint. arvensis L. var. canadensis (L.) Briquet. arvensis L. var. glabrata (Benth.) Fernald. Sunderland, R. E. Torrey. Collinsonia L. Horse Balm. canadensis L. Rich-weed. Stone-root. SOLANACEAE Solanum [Tourn.] L. Nightshade. Dulcamara L. Bitter-sweet. nigrum L. Common Nightshade. carolinense L. Horse Nettle. Training School grounds, Spring- field. Physalis L. Ground Cherry. pruinosa L. Strawberry Tomato. Persistent and escaping. heterophylla Nees. Springfield, L. Andrews ; Amherst. virginiana Mill. Springfield, Amherst, etc. Nicandra Adans. Apple of Peru. Physalodes (L.) Pers. Lycium L. Matrimony Vine. halimifolium Mill. Sometimes escaped. Hyoscyamus [Tourn.] L. Henbane. NIGER L. Black Henbane. Datura L. Jamestown Weed or Jimson Weed. Thorn Apple. Stramonium L. Stramonium. Tatula L. Purple Thorn Apple. 55 SCROPHULARIACEAE Verhascum [Tourn.] L. Mullein. Thapsus L. Common Mullein. Blattaria L. Moth Mullein. Roadsides, etc. Linaria [Tourn.] Hill. Toadflax. vulgaris Hill. Ramsted. Butter and Eggs. canadensis (L.) Dumont. Scrophularia [Tourn.] L. Figwort. marilandica L. leporella Bicknell. Amherst, S. F. Hamblin ; Springfield, L. An- drews. Pentstemon (Mitchell) Ait. hirsutus (L.) Willd. Springfield, Miss G. L. Pettis ; East Am- herst, H. L. Clark in Rhodora , Vol. I, p. 164 ; Had- ley, Cobb’s List. laevigatus Ait. Springfield, Miss G. L. Pettis. qrandiflorus Nutt. Springfield, in waste land on the edge of the city, Dr. W. H. Chapin ; Rhodora , Vol. VII, p.36. Springfield, Miss E. J. Steele and Joel Hendrick. Chelone [Tourn.] L. Turtlehead. Snakehead. glabra L. Balmony. Mimulus L. Monkey Flower. ringens L. alatus Ait. Amherst, E. Hitchcock. Not observed in recent years. Ilysanthes Raf. False Pimpernel. dubia (L.) Barnhart. Gratiola L. Hedge Hyssop. virginiana L. aurea Muhl. Veronica [Tourn.] L. Speedwell. virginica L. Culver’s-root. Culver’s Physic. Anagallis-aquatica L. Water Speedwell. americana Schwein. American Brooklime. scutellata L. Marsh Speedwell. officinalis L. Common Speedwell. serpyllifolia L. Thyme-leaved Speedwell. peregrina L. Neckweed. Purslane Speedwell. arvensis L. Corn Speedwell. Gerardia (Plunder) L. Gerardia. pedicularia L. flava L. Downy False Foxglove. virginica { L.) BSP. Smooth False Foxglove. 56 C. paupercula (Gray) Britton. Purple Gerardia. Generally distrib- uted, but not common. tenui folia Vahl. Slender Gerardia. Castilleja Mutis. Painted Cup. coccinea (L.) Spreng. Scarlet Painted Cup. Generally distrib- uted, but not common. Melampyrum [Tourn.] L Cow Wheat. lineare Lam. Pedicularis [Tourn.] L. Louse wort. canadensis L. Common Lousewort. Wood Betony. lanceolata Michx. Prescott, E. F. Bishop, H. G. Jesup; West Springfield, E. Hitchcock. See Rhodora, Vol. VII, p. 36. Schwalbea [Gronov.] L. Chaff-seed. americana L. Montague, H. G. Jesup. Possibly introduced. LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia L. Bladderwort. inf lata Walt. Belchertown ponds, etc. vulgaris L. Greater Bladderwort. minor L. Smaller Bladderwort. Leverett pond, etc. gibba L. Leverett pond, E. F. Bishop ; Springfield, Mrs. M. L. Owen ; and elsewhere. intermedia Hayne. Springfield, S. Stebbins ; Leverett, Belcher- town, etc. purpurea Walt. Belchertown, E. F. Bishop ; Springfield, Mrs. M. L. Owen ; and elsewhere. resupinata B. D. Greene. Belchertown, E. F. Bishop. cornuta Michx. OROBANCHACEAE Epifagus Nutt. Beech-drops. Cancer-root. virginiana (L.) Bart. Conopholis Wallr. Squaw-root. Cancer-root. americana (L. f.) Wallr. Mt. Holyoke, E. Hitchcock ; Mt. Tom, S. Stebbins ; Mt. Toby, H. L. Clark in Rho- dora, Vol. I, p. 165. Orobanche [Tourn.] L. Broom-rape. uni flora L. One-flowered Cancer-root. PHRYMACEAE Phryma L. Lopseed. Leptostachya L. 57 PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago [Tourn.] L. Plantain. Ribwort. major L. Common Plantain. The old Indian name was “White Man’s Foot,” applied because of its appearance in cloarings made by the early settlers. It was for- merly considered as an introduced plant, but is now recognized as native to America ; it is also cosmopolitan. Rugelii Dene. Very common. lanceolata L. Rib Grass. Ripple Grass. English Plantain. South Amherst, 1829, E. Hitchcock. Then ap- parently rare ; now very common. Media L. Hoary Plaintain. Becoming common. Purshii R. & S. Springfield, 1879 ; Amherst, H. L. Clark in Rho- dora , Vol. I, p. 165. Adventive from the West. aristata Michx. Near Pratt Field, Amherst, S. C. Brooks; Springfield, L. Andrews. RUBIACEAE Asperula L. galioides Bieb. Northampton, Miss G. L. Pettis. odorata L. Sweet Woodruff. Northampton, Miss G. L. Pettis. See Bailey’s Enc. of Am. Hort., p. 108. Galium L. Bedstraw. Cleavers. Aparine L. Cleavers. Goose Grass. Hitchcock Catal. verum L. Yellow Bedstraw. Springfield, Amherst, etc. pilosum Ait. circaezans Michx. Wild Liquorice. lanceolatum Torr. Wild Liquorice. boreale L. Northern Bedstraw. Mollugo L. trifidum L. Claytoni Michx. Springfield, L. Andrews. tinctorium L. asprellum Michx. Rough Bedstraw. triflorum Michx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw. 'Mitchella L. Partridge Berry. repens L. Cephalanthus L. Buttonbush. occidentals L. Houstonia L. caerulea L. Bluets. Innocence. longifoba Gaertn. Springfield. 58 CAPRI FOLI ACE AE Diervilla [Tourn.] Mill. Bush Honeysuckle. Lonicera Mill. Lonicera L. Honeysuckle. caerulea L. var. villosa (Michx.) T. & G. Mountain Fly Honey- suckle. Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin. Mt. Hol- yoke, Dr. H. E. Hooker. tatarica L. Tartarian Honeysuckle. Amherst; escaped from cultivation. canadensis Marsh. American Fly Honeysuckle. sempervirens L. Trumpet Honeysuckle. Sparingly spontan- eous. dioica L. Symphoricarpos [Dill ] Ludwig. Snowberry. racemosus Michx. Snowberry. Amherst, escaped from cultiva- tion. Linnaea [Gronov.] L. Twin-flower. borealis L. var. americana (Forbes) Rehder. Triosteum L. Feverwort. Horse Gentian. perfoliatum L. Tinker’s Weed. Wild Coffee. aurantiacum Bicknell. North Wilbraham ; Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum. Viburnum [Tourn.] L. Arrow-wood. Laurestinus. alnifolium Marsh. Hobble-bush. Witch Hobble. Moosewood. Confined to rich humus soils. Opulus L. var. americanum (Mill.) Ait. Cranberry-tree. High- bush Cranberry. Pimbina. acerifolium L. Dockmackie. Arrow-wood. dentatum L. Arrow-wood. cassinoides L. Withe Rod. Wild Raisin. Lentago L. Sweet Viburnum. Sheepberry. Nannyberry. Wild Raisin. Sambucus [Tourn.] L. Efdor. canadensis L. Common Elder. racemosa L. Red-berried Elder. VALERI AN ACE AE Valeriana [Tourn.] L. Valerian. officinalis L. Garden Heliotrope. Slightly escaped from gar- dens. Valerianella [Tourn.] Hill. Corn Salad. Lamb’s. Lettuce. radiata (L.) Dufr. Herb. Spfld Sci. Museum ; Springfield rail- roads, Miss Eaton, 1892. Doubtfully native in this vicinity. radiata (L.) Dufr. var. leiocarpa (T. & G.) Krok. Springfield, C. B. Graves in Rhodora , Vol. IV, p. 195. 59 DIPSACACEAE Dipsacus [Tourn.] L. Teasel. sylvestris Huds. Wild Teasel. Cobb’s List. CUCURBITACEAE Sicyos L. One-seeded Bur Cucumber. angulatus L. Echinocystis T. & G. Wild Balsam-apple. lobata (Michx.) T. & G. CAMPANULACEAE Specularia (Heist.] Fabricius. Venus’s Looking-glass. perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Campanula [Tourn.] L. Bellflower. rotundifolia L. Harebell. Bluebell. aparinoides Pursh. Marsh Bluebell. LOBELIACEAE Lobelia [Plumier] L. cardinalis L. Cardinal-flower. siphilitica L. Great Lobelia. Occasional. spicata Lam. Kaimii L. South Hadley, E. Hitchcock ; Greenfield, F. G. Tuck- erman ; Turner’s Falls, C. S. Plumb ; Amherst, W. D. Barlow. inf lata L. Indian Tobacco. Dortmanna L. Water Lobelia. COMPOSITAE Vernonia Schreb. Iron weed. noveboracensis Willd. West Springfield, E. Hitchcock. Eupatorium [Tourn.] L. Thoroughwort. purpureum L. Joe-Pye Weed. Trumpet Weed. purpureum L. var. maculatum (L.) Dari. Springfield, etc., L. Andrews. verbenae folium Michx. sessilifolium L. Upland Boneset. Notch, Mt. Holyoke, H. G„ Jesup. perfoliatum L. Thoroughwort. Boneset. urticaefolium Reichard. White Snakeroot. Mikania Willd. Climbing Hemp-weed. scandens (L.) Willd. Liatris Schreb. scariosa Willd. 6o .Solidago L. Golden-rod. squarrosa Muhl. Mt. Holyoke, Mt. Toby ; Agawam, L. A. Marsh ; Shutesbury, Sunderland, C. S. Plumb. caesia L. caesia L. var. axillaris (Pursh.) Gray. Cobb’s List. latifolia L. bicolor L. puberula Nutt. Pelham, H. G. Jesup ; South Hadley, Mrs. C. S. Phelps ; Amherst. uliginosa Nutt. speciosa Nutt. patula Muhl. arguta Ait. Mt. Holyoke ; Leverett, H. G. Jesup. juncea Ait. neglecta T. & G. odora Ait. Sweet Golden-rod. ulmifolia Muhl. rugosa Mill. nemoralis Ait. canadensis L. altissima L. serotina Ait. serotina Ait. and var. gigantea (Ait.) Gray. rigida L. South Hadley, E. Hitchcock ; also see Hoffmann in Rhodora , Vol. VI, p. 206. graminifolia (L.) Salisb. tenuifolia Pursh. Springfield, L. Andrews. Aster [Tourn.] L. Starwort. Aster. Frost-flower. divaricatus L. Schreberi Nees. Springfield, L. Andrews. macrophyllus L. novae-angliae L. patens Ait. undulatus L. cordifolius L. laevis L. ericoides L. amethystinus Nutt. Hadley, E. Tuckerman, H. G. Jesup. Lev- erett, C. S. Plumb. multiflorus Ait. dumosus L. lateriflorus (L.) Britton. Tradescanti L. paniculatus Lam. 6i A. salicifolius Ait. longifolius Lam. novi-belgii L. Springfield, L. Andrews. puniceus L. puniceus L. var. demissus Lind. Northampton, R. Cameron ; M. L. Fernald in Rhodora , Vol. I, p. 190. puniceus L. var. compactus Fernald. Northampton, R. Cam- eron ; M. L. Fernald in Rhodora , Vol. I, p. 189. puniceus L. var. firmus (Nees) T. & G. Springfield, L. An- drews. umbellatus Mill. linariifolius L. ptarmicoides T. & G. South Hadley Falls; Herb. Mt. Holyoke College. acuminatus Michx. tenuifolius L. Erigeron L. Fleabane. pulchellus Michx. Robin’s Plantain. philadelphicus L. annuus (L.) Pers. Daisy Fleabane. Sweet Scabious. ramosus (Walt.) BSP. Daisy Fleabane. ramosus (Walt.) BSP. var. discoideus (Robbins) BSP. canadensis L. Horse- weed. Butter-weed. Sericocarpus Nees. White-topped Aster. asteroides (L.) BSP. linifolius (L.) BSP. Antennaria Gaertn. Everlasting. Ladies’ Tobacco. Parlinii Fernald. Mt. Holyoke (Notch) ; Mt. Toby, A. V. Osmun. canadensis Greene. Springfield, L. Andrews. plantagini folia (L.) Richards. Plantain-leaved Everlasting. fallax Greene. Springfield, L. Andrews. neodioica Greene. Springfield, L. Andrews. neglecta Greene. Springfield, L. Andrews. Anaphalis DC. Everlasting. margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. Pearly Everlasting. Gnaphalium L. Cudweed. polycephalum Michx. Common Everlasting. decurrens Ives. Everlasting. uliginosum L. Low Cudweed. Inula L. Elecampane. Helenium L. Elecampane. Ambrosia [Tourn.] L. Ragweed. trifida L. Great Ragweed. 62 A. trifida L. var. integrifolia (Muhl.) T. & G. Springfield, L. An- drews. artemisii folia L. Roman Wormwood. Hog-weed. Bitter-weed. Xanthium [Tourn.] L. Cocklebur. Clotbur. spinosum L. Plainfield, Porter. strumarium L. See Britton & Brown’s III. Flora of N. A ., Vol. Ill, p. 298. echixatum Murr. Springfield, L. Andrews. Heliopsis Pers. Ox-eye. scabra Dunal. Springfield, L. Andrews. Rudbeckia L. Cone-flower. triloba L. Springfield, L. Andrews. hirta L. Yellow Daisy. Black-eyed Susan. Nigger-head. laciniata L. * Helianthus L. Sunflower. annuns L. Common Sunflower. Frequently spontaneous. scaberrirmis Ell. Springfield, L. Andrews. giganteus L. divaricatus L. strumosus L. decapetalus L. tuberosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke. Northampton meadows ; Northfield meadows. Coreopsis L. Tickseed. tixctokia Nutt. Roadsides. Bidens L. Bur Marigold. frondosa L. Common Beggar-ticks. Stick-tight. connata Muhl. cernua L. Stick-tight. laevis (L.) BSP. Beckii Torr. Water Marigold. Agawam river, Mrs. M. L. Owen. Galinsoga R. & P. Parviflora Cav. Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin, 1888. Since found elsewhere occasionally. Helenium L. Sneezeweed. nudiflorum Nutt. S. C. Brooks, 1910. autumnale L. Springfield, L. Andrews. Achillea (Vaill.) L. Yarrow. Millefolium L. Common Yarrow. Milfoil. Anthemis (Mich.) L. Chamomile. Cotula L. May-weed. Dog Fennel. arvensis L. Corn Chamomile. Amherst, in grain fields. Chrysanthemum [Tourn.] L. Ox-eye Daisy. Leucanthemum L. Ox-eye or White Daisy. Marguerite. White-weed. One of our worst weeds in mowings. 63 C. segetum L. Corn Chrysanthemum. Corn Marigold. Pansy Park, Belchertown, L. W. Goodell. Escaped from cultivation. Parthenium (L.) Bernh. Feverfew. Springfield, L. Andrews. Balsa?nita L. var. tanacetoides Boiss. Costmary. Mint Ger- anium. Roadsides, rare, E. Tuckerman. Tanacetum L. Tansy. vulgare L. Common Tansy. vulgare L. var. crispum DC. Occasional. Artemisia L. Wormwood. caudata Michx. Springfield, L. Andrews. - — canadensis Michx. Mt. Sugarloaf, Sunderland. vulgaris L. Common Mugwort. biennis Willd. Springfield, L. Andrews. Tussilago [Tourn.] L. Coltsfoot. Farfara L. Amherst, Pelham, Granville, Springfield, Dr. W. H. Chapin. One of our earliest introduced plants, but still rare. Petasites [Tourn.] Hill. Sweet Coltsfoot. palmatus (Ait.) Gray. Sunderland, E. Hitchcock; Amherst (191 1), R. E. Torrey. Probably Dr. Hitchcock’s original station was Plumtrees, Sunderland, where it has existed for many years and is still found. For a number of years it did not appear here, but it has recently come in again. Erechtites Raf. Fireweed. hieracifolia (L.) Raf. Senecio [Tourn.] L. Groundsel. Ragwort. Squaw-weed. vulgaris L. Common Groundsel. obovatus Muhl. aureus L. Golden Ragwort. Balsamitae Muhl. Arctium L. Burdock. Lappa L. Great Burdock. minus Bernh. Common Burdock. Springfield, L. Andrews. nemerosum Lejeune & Courtois. Springfield, L. Andrews. See M. L. Fernald and K. M. Wiegand in Rhodora , Vol. XII, p. 45. Cirsium [Tourn.] Hill. lanceolatum (L.) Hill. Common or Bull Thistle. discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. altissimum (L.) Spreng. muticum Michx. Swamp Thistle. pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng. Pasture or Bull Thistle. arvense (L.) Scop. Canada Thistle. 64 Onopordum (Vaill.) L. Cotton or Scotch Thistle. Acanthium L. Amherst, H. L. Clark in Rhodora , Vol. I,p. 164. Centaurea L. Star Thistle. Cyanus L. Bachelor’s Button. nigra L. Knapweed. Spanish Buttons. Waste places, Hard- wick, E. Hitchcock ; Amherst, etc. Cichorium [Tourn.] L. Succory or Chicory. Intybus L. Common Chicory. Blue Sailors. Formerly rare (1875), now quite common. Krigia Schreb. Dwarf Dandelion. virginica (L.) Willd. amplexicaulis Nutt. Cynthia. Leontodon L. Hawkbit. autumnalis L. Fall Dandelion. “Arnica.” One station noted in 1875 ; now rather common in some localities. Picris L. hieracoides L. Springfield, waste places, Mrs. M. L. Owen. echioides L. Ox-tongue. Forest Park, Springfield, several plants noted in 1894, Mrs. M. L. Owen. Tragopogon [Tourn.] L. Goat’s Beard. porrifolius L. Salsify. Oyster-plant. Huntington, escaped from cultivation. pratensis L. Huntington, Northampton, escaped from cultiva- tion. Taraxacum [Haller] Ludwig. Dandelion. officinale Weber. Troublesome on lawns. For many years what is known as the French dandelion has been cultivated on the Mass. Agr. College grounds, and has escaped very freely into nearby fields. It pre- sents very different characteristics from the type even when escaped, and is susceptible to a mildew (Podosphaera), differing in this respect from the type. officinale Weber, var. palustre (Sm.) Blytt. Springfield, L. An- drews. erythrospermum Andrz. Red-seeded Dandelion. Mass. Agr. College grounds. Sonchus [Tourn.] L. Sow Thistle. arvensis L. Field Sow Thistle. oleraceus L. Common Sow Thistle. asper (L.) Hill. Spring-leaved Sow Thistle. Lactuca [Tourn.] L. Lettuce. scariola L. Prickly Lettuce. Springfield, L. Andrews. scariola L. var. integrata Gren. & Godr. Springfield, L. Andrews. 65 L. canadensis L. Wild Lettuce. Horse-weed. Springfield, L. An- drews. integrifolia Bigel. hirsuta Muhl. Amherst, H. G. Jesup. spicata (Lam.) Hitchc. Crepis L. Hawk’s Beard. capillaris (L.) Wallr. Springfield, L. Andrews. Prenanthes (Vaill.) L. Rattlesnake-root. alha L. White Lettuce. Rattlesnake-root. trifoliata (Cass.) Fernald. Gall-of-th e-earth. altissima L. Hieracium [Tourn.] L. Hawkweed. aur antiacum L. Orange Hawkweed. Devil’s Paint-brush. P'ormerly cultivated in gardens, and for the past 15 years a noxious weed in hay fields and on higher elevations, especially in Worcester and Berkshire counties. venosum L. Rattlesnake-weed. Poor Robin’s Plantain. paniculatum L. marianum Willd. Dry Hill, Montague, R. E. Torrey. scahrum Michx. Gronovii L. murorum L. Golden Lungwort. Established in open woods. Northampton, Mrs. E. H. Terry; Rhodora, Vol. VII, p. 80. canadense Michx. 5 Index to Genera and Common Names, Page A Abies 5 Abutilon 42 Acalypha 40 Acer 41 Achillia 62 Acorus 16 Actaea 30 Adder’s Mouth 21 Tongue 2 Adiantum 1 Adlumia 3i Aesculus 41 Agastache 53 Agrimonia 36 Agropyron 11 Agrostemma 28 Agrostis 9 Ailanthus 40 Alder 23 Aletris 18 Alfalfa 38 Alisma 7 Allium 1 7 Alnus 23 Alopecurus 9 Alsike Clover 37 Alyssum ii, 3i Amaranth 26 Amaranthus ii, 26 Ambrosia 61 Amelanchier 34 American Aspen 22 Bladder Nut 41 Brooklime 55 Elm 24 Fly Honey- suckle 58 Germander 52 Mountain Ash 34 Pennyroyal 53 Wh. Hellebore 17 Yew 5 Ammania 44 Amorpha 38 Ampelopsis 42 Amphicarpa 39 Anaphalis 61 Andromeda 48 Andropogon 7 Anemone 29 Anemonella 29 Anethum 36 Angelica 47 Antennaria 61 Anthemis 62 Anthoxanthum 8 Anychia 27 Apios 39 A plectrum 21 Apocynum 5° Apple 34 Apple of Peru 54 Page Aquilegia 30 Arabis 32 Aralia 45 Arceuthobium 24 Arctium 63 Arctostaphylos 49 Arenaria 27 Arethusa 20 Arisaema 16 Aristida 8 Aristolochia 24 Aromatic Winter- green 49 Arrhenatherum 10 Arrow Arum 16 Arrow-head 7 Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb 25 Arrow-wood 58 Artemisia 03 Asarum 24 Asclepias 51 Ash 5° Asparagus 18 Asperula 57 Aspidium 1 Asplenium 1 Aster 60 Avena 10 Avens 36 Awned Wheat Grass n B Bachelor’s But’n 64 Bald Rush 12 Balm 53 Balm of Gilead 22 Balmony 55 Balsam 42 Fir 5 Poplar 22 Baneherry 30 Baptisia 37 Barbarea 32 Barberry 30 Barnyard Grass 8 Barren Strawb’y 35 Bartonia 5° Basil 53 Basswood 42 Bastard Penny- royal 52 Toad-flax 24 Bayberry 22 Beak Rush 13 Beaked Hazeln’t 23 Bearberry 49 Beard Grass 7 Bear Oak 23 Bedstraw 57 Beech 23 Fern 1 Page Beech-drops 56 Beggar’s Lice 52 Belamcanda 19 Bellflower 59 Bellwort 17 Bent Grass 9 Benzoin 31 Berberis 30 Bermuda Grass 10 Berteroa 31 Berula 46 Betula 23 Bidens 62 Bindweed 51 Bird-foot Violet 43 Bird’s Foot Tre- foil 38 Birthwort 24 Bitter Cress 32 Dock 25 Nut 22 Bitter-sweet 54 Black Alder 41 Ash 50 Bindweed 25 Gum 47 Henbane 54 High Blueber’y 49 Huckleberry 49 Medick 38 Mustard 32 Poplar 22 Snakeroot 30 Spruce 5 Sugar Maple 41 Walnut 22 Willow 21 Blackberry Lily Bladder Cam- 19 pion 28 Fern 2 Nut 4i Bladderwort 56 Blephilia 53 Blood Root 3i Blueberry 49 Blue Cohosh 3° Curls 52 Tangle 49 Vervain 52 Blue-eyed Grass 19 Blue-joint Grass 9 Blue-weed 52 Bluets 57 Boehmeria 24 Bog Rosemary 48 Rush 1 7 Botrychium Bottle-brush 2 Grass 11 Bottle Grass 8 Bouncing Bet 28 Box Elder 41 Brachyelytrum 9 Page Brake 1 Bramble 36 Brasenia 29 Brassica 32 Bristly Crowfoot 29 Foxtail Grass 8 Sarsaparilla 45 Briza 10 Brome Grass 11 Bromus 11 Broom-rape 56 Buckbean 50 Buckthorn 42 Buckwheat 26 Buffalo Currant 34 Bugbane 30 Bugle Weed 54 Bugloss 52 Bulbous Butter- cup 29 Bullace Plum 37 Bulrush 12 Burdock 63 Bur Marigold 62 Bur-reed 6 Bush Clover 38 Honeysuckle 58 Buttercup 29 Bmterfly-weed 51 Butternut 22 Buttonbush 57 C Calamagrostis 9 Calingale 11 Calla ^ 16 CallitricHe 40 Calluna 49 Calopogon 20 Caltna 30 Camelina 31 Campanula 59 Campion 28 Camptosorus 1 Canada Blue Grass 10 Thistle 63 Violet 4a Canadi’n Burnet 30 Canary Grass 8 Cannabis 24 Capsella 31 Caraway 46 Cardamine 32 Cardinal-flower 59 Carex 13,14,15 Carpet Weed 27 Carpinus 23 Carrion Flower 18 Carrot 47 Carum 46 Cary a 22 68 Cassia Castalia Castanea Castilleja Catchfly Cat Mint Catnip Cat-tail Cat-tail Flag Caulophyllum Ceanothus Celandine Celastrus Celtis Cenchrus Centaurea Cephalanthus Cerastium Ceratophyllum Chaff-seea Chain Fern Chamaecyparis Chamaedaphne Chamomile Cheat Grass Chelidonium Chelone Chenopodium Chestnut Oak Chickweed Chicory Chimaphila Chinquapin Oak Chiogenes Chokeberry Choke Cherry Christmas Fern Chrysanthemum Chrysosplenium Cicnorium Cicuta Cimicifuga Cinna Cinnamon Fern Rose. Cinquefoil Circaea Cirsium Cladium Clammy Azalea Locust Claytonia Cleavers Clematis Clethra Cliff Brake Climbing False Buckwheat Fern Fumitory Hemp-weed Clintonia Closed Gentian Clover Club Moss Cocklebur Colic Root Collinsonia Coltsfoot Columbine Comandra 37 1 28 53 6 30 42 31 41 24 8 64 57 27 28 56 5 S 11 3i il 23 23 2 7 64 47 23 49 34 37 1 62 46 39 9 25 2 31 s 50 37 62 18 g 30 24 Comfrey 52 Commelina 16 Cone-flower 62 Conium 46 Conopholis 56 Conringia 32 Convallaria 18 Convolvulus 51 Coptis 30 Coral Root 21 Corallorrhiza 21 Coreopsis 62 Corn Lhamomile 62 Chrysanthe’m 63 Cockle 28 Gromwell 52 Salad 58 Speedwell 55 Spurrey 27 Cornel • 47 Cornus 48 Coronilla 33 Costmary 01 Corydalis 33 Corylus 23 Cotton Grass 13 Thistle ' 64 Cottonwood 22 Cow Lily 28 Parsnip 46 Wheat 56 Crab Grass 7 Cracca 39 Crack Willow 21 Cranberry-tree 58 Crane Fly Orchis 21 Cranesbill 39 Crataegus 35 Creeping Snow berry 49 Spearwort 29 Thyme 54 Crepis 65 Crimson Clover 37 Crotaria 37 Crowfoot 29 Cryptogramma 1 Cryptotaenia 46 Cuckoo Flower 32 Culver’s-root 55 Currant 34 Cursed Crowfoot 29 Cuscuta 5i Cut-grass 8 Cynodon 10 Cynoglossum 52 Cynthia 64 Cyperus 11 Cypress 5 Spurge 40 Cypripedium 19 Cystopteris 2 D Dactylis 10 Daisy Fleabane 61 Dalibarda 36 Dandelion 64 Danthonia 10 Darnel n Datura 54 Daucus 47 Day Lily 17 Decodon 44 Deerberry 49 Deer Grass 44 Dentaria 32 Deptford Pink 28 Deschampsia ro Desmodium 38 Dianthus 28 Dicentra 3i Dicksonia 2 Diervilla 58 Digitaria 7 Dipsacus 59 Dirca 44 Ditch Stonecrop 33 Dock 25 Dockmackie 58 Dogbane Dog’s Tooth 50 violet 18 Dogwood Downy False 40 Foxglove 55 Green Alder 23 Yellow Violet 44 Drop-seed 9 Drosera 33 Duckweed 16 Dulichium Dutchman’s 12 Breeches 3i Dwarf Cornel 47 Dandelion 64 Ginseng 46 Gray Willow 22 Mistletoe 24 Raspberry 36 Sumac 40 E Early Crowfoot 29 Meadow Rue 29 Saxifrage 33 Echinochloa 8 Echinocystis 59 Echium 52 Eel Grass 7 Elaeagnus 44 Elder 58 Elecampane 61 Eleocharis 12 Eleusine 10 Elm 24 Elodea 7 Elymus 1 1 Enchanter’s Nightshade 45 Epifagus 56 Epigaea 49 Epilobium 45 Epipactis 20 Equisetum 3 Eragrostis 10 Erechtites 63 Erigeron 61 Eriocaulon 16 Eriophorum 13 Erysimum 32 Erythronium 18 Eupatorium 59 Euphorbia 40 European Millet 7 Mountain Ash 34 Even’g Primrose 45 Everlasting 61 Pea 39 F Fagopyrum 26 Fagus 23 Fall Dandelion 64 False Flax 31 Gromwell 52 Hellebore 17 Indigo 37 Loosestrife 45 Miterwort 33 Nettle 24 Pimpernel 55 Solomon’s Seal 18 Spikenard Fescue Grass Festuca Fever Bush Feverfew Feverwort Field Mouse-ear Chickweed 27 Sow Thistle 64 Figwort 55 Fimbnstylis 12 Finger Grass 7 Fir 5 Fire weed 63 Flax 39 Fleabane 61 Fleur-de-lis 19 Floating Foxtail 9 Heart 50 Fl’w’r’gDogwood48 Fern 2 Flow’r-of-an-hour42 F’rkd Chickweed27 Fowl Mead.Grassn Foxtail Grass 9 Fragaria 35 Fraxinus 5° Fringed Gentian 50 Orchis 19 Polygala 40 Frost Grape 42 Frostweed 43 Fuirena 13 Fumaria 31 Fumitory ^ G Galinsoga 62 Galium 57 Galeopsis 53 Gall-01-the-earth 65 Gard. Asparagus 18 Heliotrope Orpine Rose Sorrel 18 11 11 £ 58 58 33 37 25 69 Gaultheria 49 Gaylussacia 49 Gentian 50 Gentiana 50 Geranium ’39 Gerardia 55 Germander 52 German Millet 8 Geum 36 Giant Hyssop 53 Ginseng 46 Glaucous Willow 22 Gleditsia 37 Glyceria 1 1 Goat’s Beard 64 Rue 37 Golden Alexan’s 46 Club 16 Lungwort Bagwort 63 Saxifrage Golden-rod 60 Goldthread 3o Goose Grass 10 Grape 42 Hyacinth 18 Grass of Parnassus Gratiola 55 Great Bulrush 12 Burdock 63 Bladderwort 56 Lobelia 59 Ragweed 61 St. John’s-wort43 Soloman’s Seal 17 Water Dock 25 Willow-herb 45 Green Amaranth 26 Ash 50 Brier 18 Dragon 16 Gromwell 52 Ground Cherry 54 Hemlock 5 Ivy 53 Laurel 49 Pine 3 Groundnut 39 Groundsel 63 Gypsophila 28 II Habenaria 19 Hackberry 24 Hair Grass 9 Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb 25 Halenia 50 Hamamelis 34 Hardhack 34 Harebell 59 Hare’s-ear Mustard 32 Hare’s Tail 13 Hawkbit 64 Hawk weed 65 Hawthorne 35 Hay-scented Fern 2 Hazelnut 23 Heal-all 53 H eather 49 Hedeoma 53 Hedge Bindweed 51 Hyssop 55 Mustard 32 Nettle 53 Helenium 62 Helianthemum 43 Helianthus 62 Heliopsis 62 Hemerocallis 17 Hemicarpha 13 Hemlock 5 Hemp 24 Henbane 54 Hen bit 53 Hepatica 29 Heracleum 46 Herb Robert 39 Heteranthera 17 Hibiscus 42 Hickory 22 Hieraceum 65 Hierochloe 8 High Blueberry 49 Mallow 42 Hoary Pea 38 Plantain 57 Hobble-bush 58 Hog Peanut 39 Holcus 9 Holy Grass 8 Hone wort 46 Honey Locust 37 Honeysuckle 58 Hook’d Crowfoot29 Hop 24 Hornbeam 23 Tree 39 Horehound 53 Hornwort 28 Horse Balm 54 Mint 53 Nettle 54 Horse-chestnut 41 H orse-radish 32 Horsetail 3 Horse-weed 61 Hound’s Tongue 52 Houseleek 33 Houstonia 57 Huckleberry 49 Humulus 24. Hydrocotyle 46 Hydrophyllum 51 Hyoscyamus 54 Hypericum 43 Hypoxis 18 Hystrix n I Ilex 41 Ilysanthes 55 I mpatiens 42 Indian Chickw’d 27 CucumberRoot 18 Grass 7 Hemp 51 Mallow 42 Indian Pipe 47 Rice 8 Tobacco 59 Turnip 16 Interrupted Fern 2 Inula 61 Ipomoea 5i Iris 19 Iron weed 59 Ironwood 23 I sates 32 Isoetes 4 J ack-in-the-Pulpit 16 Jamestown Weed 54 Jerusalem Arti- choke 62 Oak 26 Joe-pyeWeed 59 J uglans 22 J uncus 17 June Grass 10 Juniper 5 Juniperus 5 K Kalmia 48 Knapweed 64 Knawel 27 Knotweed 25 Kochia 20 Krigia 64 L Labrador Tea 48 Lactuca 64 Ladies’ Tresses 20 Lady’s Slipper 19 Sorrel 39 Thumb 25 Lamb’s quarters 26 Lamium 53 Lance-leaved V iolet 43 Laportea 24 Lappula Larch 5 Large Cranberry 49 Larger Blue Flag 19 Yellow Lady’s Slipper 19 Large-toothed Aspen 22 Larix 5 Late Low Blue- berry 49 Lathyrus 39 Laurel 48 Leather Leaf 49 Leatherwood 44 Lechea 43 Ledum 48 Leersia 8 Lemna 16 Leontodon 64 Leonurus 53 Lepidium 3J Lespedeza 38 Lettuce 64 Leverwood 23 Liatris 59 Ligustrum 5o Lilium Lily 17 Lily of the Valley 1 8 Linaria 55 Linden 42 Linnaea 58 Linum 39 Liparis 21 Liriodendron 30 Listera 21 Lithospermum 52 Liverleaf 29 Lobelia 59 Locust 38 Lolium 1 1 Long-spurred V io- let 44 Lonicera 58 Loosestrife 49 Lopseed 56 Lotus 38 Lousewort 56 Low Birch 23 Blk Blueberry 49 Cudweed 61 Hop Clover 37 Spear Grass 10 Sweet Blueberry 49 Ludvigia 45 Lupine 37 Lupinus 37 Luzula 1 7 Lychnis 28 Lycium 54 Lycopodium 3 Lycopsis 52 Lycopus 54 Lygodium 2 Lyonia 49 Lyme Grass n Lysimachia 49 Lythrum 44 M M ad-dog Skullcap , 53 Magnolia 30 M aianthemum 1 8 Maidenhair Fern 1 Male Berry 49 Mallow 42 Malva 42 Manna Grass 11 Maple 41 Maple-leaved Goosefoot 26 Marrubium 53 Marsh Bluebell 59 Cinquefoil 35 Cress 32 Grass 10 yo Marsh Marigold 30 Speedwell 55 St. John’s-wort43 M at Grass 1 i Matrimony Vine 54 May Apple 30 Mayflower 49 May-weed 62 Meadow Fescue 11 Foxtail 9 Grass 10 Parsnip 46 Rue 29 Meadow-sweet 34 Medeola 18 Medic 31 Medicago 38 Medick 38 Melampyrum 56 Melilotus ii, 38 Melissa 53 Menispermum 30 Mentha 54 Menyanthes 50 Mermaid-weed 45 Mexican Tea 26 Microstylis 21 Mikania 59 Mild Water Pepper 25 Milk Purslane 40 Milkweed 51 Milkwort 40 Mimulus 55 Mint 54 Mitchella 57 Mitella 33 Miterwort 33 Mocker Nut 22 Mock Pennyroy’153 Mollugo 2 7 Monarda 53 Moneses 47 Moneywort 49 Monkey Flower 55 Monotropa 47 Moonseed 30 Moonwort 2 Morning Glory 51 Morus 24 Mossy Stonecrop 33 Motherwort 53 Moth Mullein 55 Mountain Fly Honeysuckle 58 Holly 4i Laurel 48 Maple 4i Mint 54 Rice 8 Mouse-ear Chick- weed 27 Moxie Plum 49 Mud Plantain 17 M ugwort 63 Mulberry 24 Mullein 55 M uscari 18 Musk Mallow 42 Mustard 32 Myosotis 52 Myrica 22 Myriophyllum 45 N Naiad 6 Najas 6 Nardus 11 Neckweed 55 Nemopanthus 41 Nepeta 53 Nettle 24 New Jersey Tea l 42 Nicandra 54 Night Flowering Campion 28 Nightshade 54 Northern Bed- straw 57 Fox Grape 42 Norway Spruce 5 Nut Rush *3 Nymphaea 28 N ymphoides 5o Nyssa 47 O Oak 23 Oakesia i7 Oat 10 Grass 10 Oenothera 45 Old-witch Grass 7 One-flowered Cancer-root 56 Pyrola 47 One-seeded Bur Cucumber 59 Onion i7 Onoclea 2 Onopordum 64 Onosmodium 52 Ophioglossum 2 Orange Grass 43 Hawkweed 65 Orchard Grass 10 Orchis 19 Origanum 54 Ornithogalum 18 Orobanche 56 Orontium 16 Oryzopsis 8 Osmorhiza 46 Osmurida 2 Ostrich Fern 2 Ostrya 23 Oswego Tea 53 Oxalis 39 Ox-eye 62 Daisy 62 Ox-tongue 64 Oxybaphus 27 P Painted Cup 56 Trillium 18 Pale Corydalis 3i Dock 3i Laurel Touch-me-not 42 Panax 46 Panic Grass 7 Panicum 7 Pansy 44 Paper Birch 23 Pappoose Root 30 Parietaria 24 Parnassia 33 Parsnip 46 Partridge Berry 57 Paspalum 7 Pastinaca 46 Pasture Thistle 03 Patience Dock 25 Pearlwort 27 Pearly Everlas’g 61 Pedicularis 56 Pellaea Pellitory 24 Peltandra 16 Penthorum 33 Pentstemon 55 Peppergrass Peppermint 3i Petasites Phalaris Phegopteris 1 Phleum 9 Phlox 51 Phragmites 10 Phryma 56 Physalis 54 Phytolacca 26 Picea 5 Pickerel Weed 17 Picris 64 Pigeon Grape 42 Grass 8 Pig Nut 22 Pigweed 26 Pilea 24 Pin Oak 23 Pine i Drops Pinesap 4 7 Pink 28 Pi nus 5 Pinweed 43 Pipewort 16 Pipsissewa 47 Pitch Pine 5 Plantago 57 Plantain 57 Plantain-leaved Everlasting 61 Platanus 34 Plum 37 Poa 10 Podophyllum 3o Podostemum 33 Pogonia 20 Poison Hemlock 46 Ivy 40 Poke Milkweed 5' Pokeweed 26 Polygala 40 Polygonatum 18 Polygonella 26 Polygonum 25 Polypodium 1 Polypody 1 Polystichum 1 Pondweed 6 Pontoderia 17 Poplar 22 Populus 22 Portulaca 28 Potamogeton 6 Potentilla 35 Poverty Grass 8 Prairie Willow 22 Prenanthes 65 Prickly Ash 39 Gooseberry 34 Lettuce 64 Primrose-leaved Violet 43 Prince s Feather 25 Pine 47 Privet 5° Proserpinaca 45 Prunus 37 Prunella 53 Psedera 42 Psilocarya 12 Ptelea 39 P ter is 1 Pterospora 48 Purple Amaranth 26 Azalea 48 Flower’g Rasp. 36 Fringed Orchis 20 Gerardia 56 Milkweed 51 Thorn Apple 54 Willow 22 Purslane 28 Putty Root 21 Pycnanthemum 54 Pyrola 47 Pyrus 34 Q Quaking Grass 10 Quercus 23 Quillwort 4 R Rabbit-foot 37 Radicula 32 Radish 32 Ragged Fringed Orchis 20 Robin , 28 Ragweed 61 Ram’s Head Lady’s Slip’r 19 Ramsted 55 Ranunculus ii, 29 Raphanus 32 Rattle-box 37 Rattlesnake Fern 3 Grass 1 1 Plantain 20 Rattlesnake-root 65 Rattlesn’ e-weed 65 7 1 Red Ash 5o Baneberry 3° Campion 28 Cedar 5 Clover 37 Currant 37 Maple 41 Mulberry 24 Oak 23 Pine 5 Spruce 5 Top 9 Red-ber’d Elder 58 Red-ozier Dog- wood 4 7 Red-root 42 Red-seeded Dan- delion 64 Reed 10 Bent Grass 9 C anary Grass 8 Meadow Grass 11 Rhamnus 42 Rhexta 44 Rhododendron 48 Rhus 40 Ribbon Grass 8 Ribes 34 Rib Grass 5 7 Rice Cut-grass 8 Richweed 24 River-b’nk Grape 42 River Bulrush 12 Weed 33 Robinia 38 Robin’s Plantain 01 Rock Brake 1 Cress 32 Rockrose 43 Roman Worm- wood 62 Rosa 37 Rose 37 Mallow 42 Rough Bedstr’w 57 Rough-stalked Mead’w Gr’s 10 Round-leaved Cornel 47 Sundew 33 Violet 44 Rubus 36 Rudbeckia b2 Rue Anemone 29 Rumex 25 Rush 17 Grass 9 Russian Thistle 26 Rutabaga 32 Rye Grass 11 Rynchospora 13 S Sagina 27 Sagittaria 7 Salix 21 Salsify 6 A Salsola 26 Saltwort 26 Sambucus 58 Sand Bar Willow 21 Cherry 37 Spurrey 27 Sandbur 8 Sandwort 27e Sanguinaria . 31 Sanguisorba 36 Sanicle 46 Sanicula 46 Saponaria 28 Sarracenia 33 Sassafras 31 Satureja 53 Savory 53 Saxifraga 33 Saxifrage 33 Scarlet Oak 23 Painted Cup 56 Scheuchzeria 7 Schwalbea 55 Scirpus 12 Scleranthus 27 Scleria 13 Scorpion-grass 52 Scotch Fine 5 Scouring Rush 3 Scrophularia 55 Scutellaria 53 Sedge 13 Sedum 33 Seedbox 45 Selaginella 3 Self-heal 53 Sempervirum 33 Senecio 63 Senna 37 Sensitive Fern 2 Sericocarpus 61 Setaria 8 Shad Bush 34 Shagbark Hick’y 22 Sheep Laurel 48 Sorrel 25 Sheep’s Fescue 11 Sheph’rd’s Purse 31 Shield Fern 1 Shin Leaf 47 Shining Willow 21 Showy Lady’s Slipper 19 Orchis 19 Shrubby C inque- foil 35 Sickle-pod 32 Sicyos 59 Silene 28 Silky Cornel 47 Willow 22 Silver Maple 41 Silvery Cinquef’l 35 Sisymbrium ii, 32 Sisyrinchium 19 Sium 46 Skullcap 53 Skunk Cabbage 10 Currant 34 Sleepy Catchfly 28 Slender Gerardia 56 Slippery Elm 24 Slough Grass 10 Small Cranberry 49 Bugloss 52 Small Solomon’s Seal 18 Smaller Bladder- wort 56 Yellow Lady’s Slipper 19 Small-flowered Crowfoot 29 25 Smart weed Smilacina 18 Smilax 18 Smooth Alder False Foxgl’e 23 55 Gooseberry 34 Sumac 40 Winterberry 4i Snowberry Solanum 58 54 Solidago Solomon’s Seal 60 18 Sonchus 64 Sorbaria 34 Sow Thistle 64 Sparganium 6 Spartina 10 Spearmint 54 Speckled Alder 23 Specularia 59 Speedwell 55 Sphenopholis 9 Spergula 27 Spergularia 27 Spice Bush 31 Spiderwort 16 Spiked Loose- strife 44 Spikenard 45 Spike Rush 12 Spiraea 34 Spiranthes 20 Spirodela 16 Spleenwort 1 Sporobolus 9 Spotted Cowbane 46 Touch-me-not 42 Wintergreen 47 Spreading Dog- bane 50 Spring Beauty 28 Cress 32 Vetch 38 Spring-leaved Sow Thistle 64 Spruce 5 Spurge 40 Spurred Gentian 50 Squaw-root 56 Squirrel Corn 31 Stachys 53 Staff Tree 41 Staghorn Sumac 40 Staphylea 41 Star Flower 50 Grass 18 Thistle 64 Star of Bethle’m 18 Starry Campion 28 Steironema 49 Stellaria 27 Stemless Lady’s Slipper 19 Stenophyllus 12 Stickseed 52- Stiff Water Crow- foot 29* St. John’s-wort 43 Stonecrop 33 Stramonium 54 Strawberry 35 Blite 26- Tomato 54 Streptopus 1 8 Striped Maple 41 Struthiopteris 2 Sugarberry 24 Sugar Maple 41 Sumac 40 Sundew 33 Sundrops 45 Sunflower 62 Swamp But’rcup 29 Dock 25 Loosestrife 44 Milkweed 51 White Oak 23 Sweet Birch 23. Sweetbrier 37 Cicely 46 Clover 38 Coltsfoot 63. F ern 22 Golden-rod 60 Pepperbush 47 V ernal Grass 8 Viburnum 58 William Catchfly Woodruff 57 Switch Grass 7 Sycamore 34 Symphoricarpos 58 Symphytum 52 Symplocarpus 16 T Taenidia 46- Tall Buttercup 29 Gypsophyll 28 Meadow Rue 29- Oat Grass 10 Red Top 10 Tanacetum 63 Tansy 63. Tartarian Honey- suckle 58 Taraxacum 64 Taxus 5 T eaberry 49 • Teasel 59 Tephrosia 38 Teucrium 52 Thalictrum 29 Thaspium 46 Thimbleberry 36- Thin Grass 9 Thistle 63 Thorny Amaranth 72 Thoroughwort 59 Three-seeded Mer- cury 40 Three-toothed Cin- quefoil Thyme-leaved 35 Sandwort 2 7 Speedwell 55 Thymus 54 Tiarella 33 Tickseed 02 Tick Trefoil 3^ Tilia 42 Timothy 9 5*$ Tinker’s Weed Tipularia 21 Toothache tree 39 Toothwort 32 Tradescantia 16 Tragopogon 64 Treacle Mustard 32 Tree of Heaven 40 Trichostema 52 Tridens 10 Trientalis 5o Trifolium 37 Trillium 18 Triosteum 58 Triple-awn Grass 8 Trisetum True Forget-me- 9 not 52 Water Cress 32 Trumpet Honey- suckle ’58 Tsuga 5 Tufted Loosestrife 49 Tulip Tree Tumble Weed 30 26 Tupelo Turk’s-cap Lily 47 17 55 Turtlehead Tussilago 63 Twayblade 21 Twig Rush 13 Twin-flower 58 Twisted Stalk 18 Typha 6 U Ulmus 24 U mbrella Grass 13 Tree 30 Upland Boneset 59 Urtica 24 Utricularia 56 Uvularia 17 V V accinium 49 Valerian 58 Valeriana 58 Valerianella 58 Vallisneria 7 Vanilla Grass 8 Velvet Leaf 42 Grass 9 V enus’s Looking- glass 59 Veratrum 17 Verbascum 55 V erbena 52 Vernonia 59 Veronica 55 Vervain 52 V etch 38 Vetchling 39 Viburnum 58 Vicia 38 Viola 43 Violet 43 Wood Sorrel 39 Viper’s Buglose 52 Virginia Creeper 42 Snakeroot 24 Virgin’s Bower 30 Vitis 42 W Wake Robin 18 Waldsteinia 35 Walking Leaf 1 Wall Rue 1 Walnut 22 Water Arum 16 Avens 36 Beech 23 Cress 32 Hemlock 46 Horehound 54 Waterleaf 5i Water Lily 29 Lobelia 59 Marigold 62 Milfoil 45 Parsnip 46 Pennywort 46 Plantain 7, 29 M ater Purslane 45 Shield 29 Smartweed 25 Speedwell 55 Starwort 40 Willow 44 Water-weed 7 Waxwork 41 Weeping Willow 21 White Alder 47 Ash 50 Baneberry 30 Bent Grass 9 Birch 23 Campion 28 Cedar 4 Clover 37 Fringed Orchis 20 Grass 8 Lettuce 65 Melilot 65 Mulberry 24 Mustard 32 Oak 23 Pine 5 Poplar 22 Snakeroot 59 Vervain 52 Water Crowfoot 29 Willow 21 White-topped Aster 61 Wild Balsam-apple „ 59 Bergamot 53 Black Cherry 37 Black Currant 34 Chess Grass n Columbine 30 Cranesbill 39 Garlic 17 Ginger 24 Indigo 37 Leek 17 Lettuce 65 Liquorice 57 Oat Grass 10 Orange-red Lily 1 7 Pansy 44 Peppergrass 31 Pink 28 Plum 37 Radish 32 Red Cherry 37 Red Raspberry 36 Sarsaparilla 45 Wild Senna 3 Sensitive Plant37 Teasel 59 Yellow Lily 1 7 Willow 21 Willow-herb 45 Winter Cress 32 Wintergreen 47 Witch Grass 11 Hazel 34 Wood Anemone 29 Mint 53 Nettle 24 Reed Grass 9 Rush 17 Sorrel 2 Woodsia 39 Woodwardia Wool Grass 12 Worm-seed Mustard 32 W ormwood 63 X Xanthium 62 Xyris 16 Y Y arrow 62 Yellow Adder’s Tongue — Bedstraw 57 Birch 23 Clover 37 Cress & Daisy Dock 25 Fringed Orchis 20 Melilotus 38 Pond Lily 28 Water Crowfoot . _ 29 Yellow-barked Oak Yellow-eyed Grass 16 Yew 5 Z Zanthoxylum 39 Zizania o Zizia 46