Natural History Museum Library 000250327 OP Eh 4n 1 ' LIST OF THE SPECIMENS OF BRITISH SPONGES THE COLLECTION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 1848. is. INTRODUCTION. The principal object of the present List has been to give a complete Catalogue of the British specimens of Sponges contained in the Col- lection of the British Museum, indicating at the same time the pecu- liarities of each as regards age, habitation, condition, and the source from whence it has been received. With this view, the different individuals of each species contained in the Collection are indicated by the letters a, b, c, &c., following the name of the species and its synonyma, and followed by the habitat, state, and the source from whence the specimens were derived. Those specimens which have been presented to the Museum have the name of the donor ; and in general the collection from whence the specimen has been purchased or procured in exchange is also marked, as it often gives some authenticity to its history. In the adoption of the generic and specific names it has been thought right to use, wherever it was possible, that which was first applied to the species. As far as regards the specific name, there is comparatively little difficulty in the application of this simple rule ; but generic names have been used by different authors in senses so widely different, and the groups which they were meant to designate have been so variously extended and restricted, that it was no easy matter to determine, where several names have been used, which of them ought to be preferred. Great attention has been paid to consult the original authority, to know the type, and select the name which appeared to be the most ancient ; and reference is made to the work in which, and the date when, each genus and its synonyma were respectively published. Under each species there have been appended all the names under IV INTRODUCTION. which the animal or coral has been mentioned since the establishment of the Linnsean system of nomenclature, and reference is given to the work in which these were first used, and especially to the different works treating on British animals in which it is mentioned, and also a reference to the best figures. The chief part of these references have been extracted from the admirable and classical work on the Sponges by Dr. George Johnston, additional references having been made to older exotic works which have escaped his researches, or to others which have appeared since his publication. The British Museum is fortunate in having received the chief portion of the specimens from the several authors who originally described the species, so that there can be no doubt of the specimens being the real representatives of the names they bear ; for besides possessing some of the original specimens collected and described by Colonel George Mon- tague and Dr. W. E. Leach, Dr. George Johnston of Berwick has most kindly presented to the Museum the whole of his Collection, which he used in the preparation of his classical work on this subject. As the attention to the laws of priority, now so universally adhered to, has caused the alteration of a few of the names used in Dr. John- ston’s work, a Concordance showing the changes has been added. June 12th, 1848, JOHN EDWARD GRAY, LIST OF SPECIES. V, AMORPHOZOA. Order I. SILICEA. Fam. 1. Tethyad^e. 1. Tethya ...page 1 1. Cranium 1 2. aurantium 2 2. Geodia 2 1. Cydonium 2 3. Pachymatisma 3 1. Johnstonia 3 4. Halichondria 3 1. palmata 4 2. oculata 4 3. cervicornis 5 4. hispida 6 ? 5. ramosa 6 6. tubulosa 6 7. Columbse 6 8. plumosa 6 9. fruticosa 7 10. infundibuliformis .... 7 11. ventilabrum 7 12. simulans 8 13. cinerea 8 14. albescens 9 15. panicea 9 16. aculeata 10 17. Fucorum 10 18. incrustans 11 19. saburrata 11 20. segagropila 11 21. seriata 12 22. sanguinea 12 ?23. celata 12 24. hystrix 13 25. coalita , 13 4. Halichondria. 26. virgultosa page 13 27. hirsuta 13 28. domuncula 13 29. mammillaris 14 30. Ficus 15 31. sevosa 15 32. maculans 15 ? 33. aurea 15 ?34. Conus 16 ? 35. rigida 16 36. perlsevis 16 5. Badiaga 16 1. fluviatilis 16 2. lacustris 18 6. Spongia 18 1. pulchella 18 2. limbata 18 ?3. laevigata 19 ? prolifera... 19, 23 7. Dysidea 19 1. fragilis 19 2. papillosa 20 8. Halisarca 20 1. Dujardinii 20 Order II. CALCAREA ... 20 Fam. 2. Grantiadje 20 9. Grantia 20 1. compressa 20 2. lacunosa 21 3. ciliata 21 4. pulverulenta 22 5. fistulosa 22 6. botryoides 22 7. nivea 23 8. coriacea 23 CONCORDANCE OF THE NAMES USED IN DR. G. JOHNSTON^ BRITISH SPONGES AND IN THIS LIST. 1. Tethya pages 81,244 1. Cranium .. 82, 244 2. Lyncurium 85, 195, 244 Geodia 195 1. Zetlandica 195, 244 Pachymatisma 244 1. Johnstonia 108, 244 2. Halichondria 88, 244 1. palmata 92, 245 2. oculata 94, 245 3. cervicornis 96, 245 4. hispida 98, 245 5. ramosa 99, 245 6. Montagui ....... 99, 245 7. Columbae 101, 245 8. plumosa 103, 246 9. fruticosa 103, 246 10. infundibuliformis 105,246 11. ventilabrum.... 107, 246 12. simulans 109, 246 13. cinerea 110, 246 14. Fucorum 112, 247 15. panicea 114, 246 16. aegagropila 119,248 17. saburrata.,.120, 197, 247 18. areolata... 121, 197, 247 19. incrustans 122, 197, 247 20. seriata 125, 248 21. caelata 125, 248 22. aurea 131, 248 23. aculeata 131, 247 24. Conus 132, 248 25. rigida 132, 248 26. perlaevis 133, 248 = Tethya page 1. Cranium 2. aurantium Geodia 1. Cydonium Pachymatisma 1. Johnstonia Halichondria 1. palmata 2. oculata 3. cervicornis 4. hispida 5. ramosa 6. tubulosa 7. Columbae 8. plumosa 4 9. fruticosa 10. infundibuliformis .... 11. ventilabrum 12. simulans 13. cinerea 17. Fucorum 1 15. panicea 20. aegagropila 11 19. saburrata 11 Dysidea fragilis 19 Halichondria. 18. incrustans 11 21. seriata 12 23. celata 12 32. ? aurea 15 16. aculeata 10 34. Conus 16 35. rigida 16 36. perlaevis 16 CONCORDANCE. viii 2. Halichondria. Halichondria. 27. sanguinea..pages 133, 248 — 22. sanguinea 28. coalita 135, 249 197, 249 25. coalita... 13 29. virgultosa.. 137, 26. virgultosa 30. hirsuta 138, 249 197, 249 27. hirsuta 13 31. suberea... 139, 28. domuncula .... 32. mammillaris ... 142, 249 29. mammillaris ., 14 33. Ficus 144, 249 30. Ficus 34. carnosa 146, 249 28. domuncula .... 13 35. sevosa 147, 198, 249 31. sevosa 36. albescens 198, 246 14. albescens 9 Spongilla 149, 249 5. Badiaga 16 1. fluviatilis 159, 250 ] . fluviatilis 2. lacustris 162, 250 2. lacustris 18 Spongia 164, 250 167, 250 6. Spongia 1. pulchella 1. pulchella 2. limbata . 168, 250 170, 250 2. limbata 18 3. laevigata 3. laevigata 19 Grantia 172, 251 9. Grantia 20 1. compressa 174,251 1. compressa .... 20 2. lacunosa 176, 251 2. lacunosa 21 3. ciliata 176, 252 3. ciliata 21 4. botryoides 178, 252 6. botryoides . . . . 22 5. pulverulenta ... 180, 252 4. pulverulenta . 22 6. fistulosa... 181, 252 5. fistulosa 22 7. nivea 181, 252 7. nivea 8. coriacea. 183, 252 8. coriacea 23 Dusideia 185, 256 7. Dysidea 1. fragilis 187, 251 1. fragilis 2. papillosa 190, 251 2. papillosa 20 Halisarca 192, 251 8. Halisarca 20 1. Dujardinii 192, 251 1. Dujardinii ... ......... 20 LIST OF BRITISH SPONGES. Class. AMORPHGZOA. Spongia, Linn. S. N. 1296. Les Sponges, Cuv. Tab. Elem. 628, 1798; Reg. Aram. iii. 321, 1817. Spongites, Latreille, Fam. Nat. 547. Spongidise and Alcyonidese, Gray, Brit. Plants , 352, 354. Spongiadse, Flem. B. A. 518, 1828. Spongiaires, M. Edw. in Lam. List. Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2. ii. 534. Zoophyta porifera. Grant , Crit. Comp. Anat . 5 ; Cyclop. Anat. and Phys. p. 108; Roget, Bridg. Treat, p. 147. Ceratophyta spongiosa, Schweiger, Handb. 421, 1820. Amorphozoa, Blainv. Man. Act. 527 ; Joknst. B. Sponges , 78° Spongia, Lamour. Bull. Soc. Phil. iii. 182, 1812. Order I. SXLXCEA. Fam. 1. Tethyadj:. 1. Tethya. Teihia or Tethya, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 384 ; Gray , Br. PI. i. 361 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 519 ; Schw. Beobacht. vii. and Handb . 422. Tethea, Johnston , Brit. Sp. and Coral, pp. 81, 244. I^es Thetyes, Cuv. Rty. Anim. iii. 321. Tethium, Blainv. Man. 544. Alcionium/3. Cuv. Tab. Elem. 682, 1798. 1 . Tethya Cranium. Alcyonium Cranium, Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 255; Zool. Dan „ tab. 85, not figured ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 654 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 347, Corail. 248. Tethya Cranium, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 386, and ii. 592, 2nd edit.; Flem. Brit. Anim. 519; Blainv. Actinol. 544; Stark, Elem. ii. 423; Johnston , Brit. Sponges , p. 83. t. 1. f. 1-8, and 244 (not Risso , E. M. v. 364). B 2 BRITISH SPONGES. Alcyonium globosum, Mull. Zool. Dan. tab. 157. figs. 1, 2. Alcyonium Lyncurium, Esper, Alcyon. tab. 19. fig. 1 ; Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 563. Spongia pilosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 119. pi. 13. figs. 1, 2. Tethya pilosa, Gray , Brit . Plants , 362 ; Grant , Edinh . N. Phil. Jour. p. 196. a. Slice of (Tethya Cranium), from Dr. Fleming. Pre- sented by G. Johnston, M.D. h , c. In spirits. Zetland. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. d. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. 2. Tethya aurantium. Tetie sferiea, Donati , Nat. mar. dell9 A dr iat. 64. tav. 9. figs, a , b , c . Alcyonium aurantium, Pall. Elench. 357 ; Esper , Alcyon. tab. 1 9. fig. 4-8 ; copied from Donati. Alcyonium Lyncurium, Gmelin. Syst. 1295 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 653 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 343, Corall. 246; Bose. Vers, iii. 159. Tethya Lyncurium, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 386 (592, 2nd edit.) ; Risso, L’Europ. Merid. v. 363; Blainv. Actinol. 544. pi. 91. fig. 3? ; Delle Chiaje , Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iii. 116 ; Johnston , Brit. Sp. p. 85. Woodcut, N. 12. and p. 244. Spongia verrucosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. iii. 117. pi. 13. figs. 4, 5. Tethya verrucosa. Gray, Brit. Plants, p. 362. Tethya sphserica, Fleming, B.A. 520 ; Bellamy , South Devon, 268. a, b. Brit. Sponges, 87. fig. 12. Presented by G. John- ston, M.D. c, d, e,f. In spirits. Cunnemara. Presented by G. John- ston, M.D. g. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. h. In spirits. Torbay. Presented by Mrs. Griffith. 2. Geodia. Geodia, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. 2nd edit. ii. 593 ; ? Audouin et Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. du Litt. de la France, i. p. 77 ; Blainv. Man. 534 ; Schweia. Handb. 422 ; Johnston, Br. Spon. pp. 195, 244. Cydonium, Flem. B. A. 516; Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 489 (Sponge not animal). Alcyonium, sp. Couch, Corn. Fauna, iii. 133. 1. Geodia Cydonium. Alcyonium Cydonium, Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 563 ! ; Stew . Elem. ii. 432; not Mull. Zool. Dan. t. 81 . BRITISH SPONGES. 3 Cydonium Mullen, Flem. Brit. Anim. 516 ! ; Grant in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. i. 195; Johnston’s Brit. Zooph. 191; not Blainv. Man. 525. Geodia Zetlandica, Johnston, Brit. Sponges , 195. t. 3. fig. 34. Alcionio primo, Donati, Stor. Nat. t. 8. figs, a, b, c, dl Alcyonium subviride, Couch, Corn. Fauna, iii. 133. a. A slice of Cydonium Mulleri, figured Brit. Sponges, t. 3. figs. 3, 4. From Dr. Fleming. Presented by G. John- ston, M.D. 1b. (“G. Zetlandica Cornwall, W. C. Peach, Esq. Pre- sented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. Ireland. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. d. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam, prepared by J. 8. Bower- bank, Esq. 3. Pachymatisma. Pachymatisma, Bowerbank , Trans. Microscop. Soc . 1847 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. 1842. 1. Pachymatisma Johnstonia. Halichondria Johnstonia, Bowerbank’ s MSS. ; Johnst. Brit. Sponges, 198. t. 5. fig. 3. Pachymatisma Johnstonia, Johnst. Brit. Sponges, 244 ; Bower - bank, Trans. Microscop. Soc. i. t. . a. Torquay, Devon, J. S. Bowerbank. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. In spirits, large size, Torquay. Presented by J. 8. Bow- erbank, Esq. c. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. 8. Bowerbank, Esq. 4. Halichondria. Halichondria, Flem. Brit. Anim. 520, 1828; Johnst. Br. Sp. pp. 88, 244. Halina, Grant in Edinb. Encyclop. xviii. 844. Haliclona, Grant, Outl. Comp. Anat. 5. Halispongia, Blainv. Actinolog. 532, 1834. Tupha and Scypha, sp. Gray, 1821. Manon, sp. Schweig. 1820. Tragos, sp. Schweig. 1820. Cliona, Grant ; Johnst. B. Zooph. ed. 1. Alcyonium, sp. Esper ; I^amk. 1816 (not 1801), Anthelia, sp. Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. Alcyonium [S, Cuv. Tab. Elem. 682. Chaonites, sp. Mantell. b 2 4 BRITISH SPONGES, a. Tupha, sp. Gray. 1. Halichondria palmata. Spongia palmata, Sibb. Scot. ii. lib. iv. 55 ; Ellis and Soland , Zooph. 189. pi. 58. fig. 6; Turt. Gmel. iv. 659; Turt . Brit. Faun. 209 ; Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 562; Montagu in ibid . ii. 80 ; Hose. Vers, iii. 172; Sifew. HZem. ii. 434 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 379, and ii. 569, 2nd edit. ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 75, Corail. 181; Parkins. Oryctology, 46; Stark , Elem. ii. 424 (not Templeton, Mag. N.H.). Tupha palmata. Gray, Brit. PL i. 355. Halichondria palmata, Flem. Brit. Anim. j Johnst. in Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 269 ; Bellamy’s South Devon, 268 ; Johnst . Brit . Spon. p. 93. tab. 2, p. 148. figs. 15 and 24. Halispongia palmata, Blainv. Actinol. 533. pi. 93. fig. 4. Spongia bacillaris, Linn. Syst. 1299 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 256 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 659 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 83, Cor all. 186 ; Bose. Vers, iii. 171 ; Parkins. Oryct. 48. Spongia oculata, Esper, Spong. tab. 1. figs. 1, 2. Manon oculatum, Schweig. Handb. 422. Mermaid’s gloves, Shetlanders. a. On coast of Berwick. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bow- erbank. Esq. 2. Halichondria oculata. Spongia ramosa, Raii Hist. i. 81, and Synon. 29. no. 1. Spongia ramosa apicibus acutis furcis, Petiv. Pterigraph. Amer. tab. 19. fig. 3. Branched English Sponge, Ellis, Corail. 80. no. 1. pi. 32. fig./, F ; Phil. Trans, abridg. xii. 261. pi. 7- B. Spongia oculata, Pall. Elench. 390; Linn. Syst. 1298; Ellis and Soland. Zoopli. 184; Berk. Syn. i. 213; Turt. Gmel. iv. 658; Turt. Brit. Faun. 208; Stew. Elem. ii. 434; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 78. pi. 6. fig. 2 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 378, 2nd edit. ii. 569; Bose. Vers, iii. 170; Hogg’s Stock. 39 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 74, Cor all. 121 ; Parkins. Oryct. 46. Halichondria oculata, Johnst. Brit. Sponges, 94. t. 3, p.245. Tupha oculata, Gray, Brit. PI. i. 354. Sp. dichotoma, Gmelin, Syst. 1299 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 256 ; Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 187 ; Berk. Syn. i. 213 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 659 ; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 82. pi. 6. fig. 1 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 67, Corail. 17 7; Parkins. Oryct. 45; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 375, 2nd edit. ii. 566; Bose. Vers, iii. 171. Spongia polychotoma, Esper, Spong. tab. 36. Tupha dichotoma, Gray, Brit. PI. i. 355. BRITISH SPONGES. Halichondria ramosa, Flem. Brit. Anim. 523 ; Bellamy’s South Devon, 268. Haliclona oculata, Grant in Outl. Comp. Anat. 5. fig. 2. Halispongia ramosa, Blainv. Actinolog. 533. L’H. paniforme, Blainv. Atlas, pi. 93. fig. 5. a. Mouth of the Tay, “ W. Jackson, jun.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. h. A fragment. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. Frith of Forth. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. d. On a crab, Brit. Sp. t. 3. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. e. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. 3. Halichondria cervicornis. Spongia ramosa, Ger. Herb. em. 1577* no. 9; Merr. Pin. 116. Downy-branched English Sponge, Ellis in Phil. Trans, abridg. xii. 261. pi. 7* fig- C. Spongia cervicornis, Pall. Elench. 388. Halichondria cervicornis, Johnst. Brit. Sponges, 96. t. 4, 5. p.245. Sp. stuposa, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 186 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 659 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 208 ; Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 562 ; Mon- tagu in ibid. ii. 79. pi. 3. figs. 1, 2, and pi. 4; Stew. Elem. ii. 434 ; Bose . Vers, iii. 172 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 78, Corail. 183 ; Parkins. Oryct , 47 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 381, 2nd edit. ii. 572 ; D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iv. 150 (not Esper, t. 40). Tupha stuposa. Gray, Brit. PI. i. 354. Spongia lanuginosa, Esper, Spong. tab. 24. figs. 1, 2 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 379, 2nd edit. ii. 570; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 75, Cor all. 181 ; Parkins. Oryct. 46. Spongia echidnsea, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 68, Corail. 177- Var. (3 . Johnst. Brit. Sp. 96. Spongia digitata, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 84. pi. 7 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 525 (not Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist.). Tupha digitata, Gray, Brit. PI. i. 355. Sp. fruticosa, Esper, Spongia, 1. 10. figs. 1, 2? a. Short, much-branched, “ S. stuposa var. damicornis.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. Elongate, figured Johnst. Brit. Sp. t. 5. fig. 1. Pre- sented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. Elongate, figured Johnst. Brit. Sp. t. 5. fig. 2. Pre- sented by G. Johnston, M.D. d. Spicula of b, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. BRITISH SPONGES. 6 4. Halichondria hispida. Spongia hispida, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 86. pi. 5. figs. 1, 2. Tupha hispida. Gray , Br. PL i. 355. Halichondria hispida, Flem. Br. Anim. ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 98. and 245 (only known from Montagu’s description). a. “ Cornish.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. Specimen of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. 5. Halichondria ? ramosa. Spongia ramosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 84. pi. 8 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526. Tupha ramosa, Gray , Brit. PL i. 355. Halichondria? ramosa, Johnst. Brit. Spon. pp. 99,245. Inhab. coast of Devon, Montagu. 6. Halichondria tubulosa. Spongia tubulosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 91 ; Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 471 (not Solander and Ellis, t. 58. fig. 7). Spongia semitubulosa ?, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 380, 2nd edit. ii. 570 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 76, Cor all. 182 ; Parkins. Oryct. 46. Scypha tubulosa. Gray , Brit. PI. i. 357- Halichondria Montaguii, Flem. Brit. Anim. 522; Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 99. t. 6. fig. 1, p. 245. a. Dublin Bay. Presented by G. Johnst ohy, M.D. b. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. 7. Halichondria Columbse. Spongia Columbse, Walker , Essays, 96. Halichondria Columbae, Flem. Brit. Anim. 521 ; Johnst. Brit. Spong. pp. 101 and 245. Spongia cancellata, Sow. Brit. Misc. 131. pi. 60; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 110; Turt. Brit. Faun. 208. Scypha cancellata. Gray, Brit. PI. i. 358. Inhab. coast of Scotland, Walker; Brighton, Fellows. 8. Halichondria ? plumosa. Spongia plumosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 116; Flem. Br. Anim. 526 ; Gray, Br. PI. i. 361. Halichondria? plumosa, Johnst. Br. Sp. pp. 103, 245. Inhab. coast of Devon, Montagu. BRITISH SPONGES. / 9. Halichondria fruticosa. Spongia fruticosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 112. pi. 14. figs. 3, 4 ; Gray , Brit. PI. i. 360; Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. ii. 139. pi. 2. fie;. 10; the spiculum copied in Blainvs Actinol. pi. 94. fig. 10. Halichondria fruticosa, Flem. Brit. Anim. 522 ; Johnston , Br. Spon. p. 104. t. 14. fig. 1, p. 245. Spongia crispata, Esper, Spong. tab. 37- fig. 1-3 ? Spongia licheniformis, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 354, 2nd edit. ii. 543?; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 22, Corall. 153? a. “ Cornwall, J. Couch, Esq.55 Presented by G. John- ston, M.D. h. Washed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. ? Washed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. d. Spicula of 5, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower- bank, Esq. b. Tragqs, sp. Schweig. 10. Halichondria infundibuliformis. Spongia infundibuliformis, Petiv. Pterogr. Amer. tab. 19. fig. 6? Spongia infundibuliformis, Linn. Syst. 1296 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 256. no. 3085 ; Esper , Spong. tab. 57. figs. 1, 2 ; Jame- son in Wern. Mem. i. 562; Turt. Gmel. iv. 657; Stew. Elem. ii. 433; Bose. Vers, iii. 168; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 103; Gray, Brit. PI. i. 359. Spongia? crateriformis, Pall. Elench. 386. Spongia calyciformis, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 365, 2nd edit. ii. 555. Spongia Pocillum, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 45, Corall . 166 (not Mull, et Fabric.). Halichondria infundibuliformis, Flem. Brit. Anim. 524 ; Johnst. Brit. Spong. p. 105. pi. 6. fig. 3, p. 246. a. Br. Sp. t. 6. f. 3. Cumbra, Bev. D. Landsborough. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. Spicula of a, Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower- bank, Esq. 11. Halichondria ventilabrum. Sea-fan Sponge, Ellis in Phil. Trans, abridg. xii. 261. p. 7- fig. H. Spongia ventilabrum, Linn. Syst. 1296 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 255; Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 188; Turt. Gmel. iv. 656; Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 561 ; Montagu in ibid. ii. 105 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 433 ; Bose. Vers, iii. 167 ; Stark, Elem. ii. 424 ; Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 349, and ii. 122. pi. 2. fig. 5, co- pied in Blainv. Atlas, pi. 94. fig. 5. Halichondria ventilabrum, Johnst. B. Sponges, 107. t. 7, p- 246. Spongia ventilabriformis. Gray, Brit. PI. i. 359. Halichondria ventilabra, Flem. Brit. Anim. 523 ; Thompson in Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 254 ; Bellamy’s South Devon, 268. 8 BRITISH SPONGES. Halispongia ventilabra, Blainv. Actin. 533. Spongia Zetlandiea, Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 561. Spongia xerampelina, Grant in Edin. Phil. Journ. xiv. 116. Ling Hoods, Zetlanders. a. Brit. Sp. t. 7- Presented tty G. Johnston, M.D. b. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower- bank, Esq. Var. /3. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 107- Spongia Seypha, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 107. pi. 15. fig. L Sp. foliascens. Gray , Brit. PI. i. 359. c. Halichondria. 12. Halichondria simulans. Plalicbondria simulans, Johnston , Brit. Sp. p. 109. t. 8, p. 206. Yar. a. Erect, irregularly branched (Brit. Sp. figs. 1, 2). Yar. /3. Creeping, ramose or nodulous (fig. 3). Halispongia reptans, Scouler MS. Yar. y. Papillary (Brit. Sp. fig. 4). Yar. d. Massive (Brit. Sp. fig. 5). a. Branched. Dublin, Dr. Scouler. Presented by G. John- ston, M.D. b. Branched, Brit. Sp. t. 8. f. 1. Dr. Scouler. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. Branched, Brit. Sp. t. 8. f. 2. Dr. Scouler. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. % d. Branched. Dr. Scouler. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. e. Clavate, Brit. Sp. t. 8. f. 1. Dr. Scouler. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. /. Tuberose, Brit. Sp. t. 8. f. 1. Dr. Scouler. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. g. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower- bank, Esq. 13. Halichondria cinerea. Spongia cinerea. Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. ii. 204. pi. 2, fig. 3 (the spiculum), copied in Blainv. Actinol. pi. 94. fig. 3. Halichondria cinerea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 521 ; Johnston , Br. Sp. p. 111. t. 4. figs. 4, 5 (spicula, 246). Spongia cserulea Risso, UEurop. Merid. v. 373?; Belle Chicje , Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iii. 113. tav. 37. fig. 11 ? Spongia pulverulenta, Scouler MS. a. (Dublin Bay?) Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. 5.? On a rock, Scarborough, W. Bean. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. fy e. ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. f. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower bank. Esq. BRITISH SPONGES. 9 14. Halichondria albescens. Halicbondria albescens, Johnst. Brit. Sponges , 198. t. 20. f. 8, and p. 246. Inhab. ? 15. Halichondria panicea. Halichondria panicea, Johnst . Brit. Sp. 114. t. 10 & 11. fig. 5, p. 246 ; not Fleming. Halichondria papillaris, Flem.Brit. Anim.5 20; Johnst. in Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 270. pi. 9. fig. 3. Halispongia papillaris, Blainv. Actinol. 532. Var. 1. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 114. 1. 10. fig. 1. Spongia tomentosa, Gmelin, Syst. 1299?; Turt. Gmel. iv. 659; Turt. Brit. Faun. 208; Stew. Elem. ii. 434; Bose. Vers , iii. 171. Alcyonium tomentosum, Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 470. a. On Fucus, Brit. Sp. t. 10. f. 1. Ireland, W. Thompson. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. Var. 2. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 114. 1. 10. fig. 2. Fucus marinus noster similis me dull ae panis, Raii Hist. Plant. iii. 16. Spongia informis durior, compressa, Raii Syn. i. 30. no. 7- Alcyonium ramosum molle, medullse panis intus simile, Raii Syn. 31. no. 1. Sponge like crumb of bread, Ellis , Corail. 80. no. 2. pi. 16. fig. d.D; Phil. Trans, abridg. xii. 261. pi. 7. A. Spongia panicea, Pall. Elench. 388; Turt. Gmel. iv. 660 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 29, Corall. 157; Stew. Elem. ii. 435; Bose. Vers} iii. 173 ; not Esper, t. 18. f. 12. Sp. urens, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 187 ; Hogg , Stock. 38; Tem- pleton in lib. cit. ix. 471. Sp. tomentosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 99 ; Jameson in ibid. i. 562 ; Gray , Brit. PI. i. 361 ; Grant in Edin. Phil. Journ. xiv. 114. Sp. urtica, Risso, UEurop. Merid. v. 370. Alcyonium papillosum, var. 2, Lamarck , Anim. s. Vert . ii. 398, 2nd edit. ii. 604. Alcyonium medullare, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 400, 2nd edit. ii. 606 ; Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 470 ; Lamour. Cor „ Flex. 355, Corall. 251. Alcyonium paniceum, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 400, 2nd edit, ii, Alcyonium tubulosum, Esper , Alcyon. 40. t. 11. figs., 1, 2 (on stalk of Laminaria). b , c. Tubular, from stem of Fucus. Presented by G. John- ston, M.D. d. Expanded, on Fuci. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b 5 10 BRITISH SPONGES. ?e. Sff. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. g. Spicula, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower- bank, Esq. Var. 3. JoJinst. Brit. Sp. 114. t. 10. figs. 3, 4. (Plate XI. fig. 5.) Cock’s-comb Sponge, Ellis in Phil. Trans, abridg. xii. 261. pi. /. fig. E. Alcyonium manus diaboli, Linn. Syst. 1296 ; Esper , Alcyon. 66. t. 21. figs. 1, 2, and t. 22. Spongia eristata, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 186; Turt. Gmel. iv. 659; Turt. Brit. Faun. 208; Bose. Vers, iii. 172; Stew.Elem. ii. 434 ; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 103; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 28, Corail. 156 ; Gray, Brit. PI. i. 359 ; Templeton in lib. ix. 471 ; Risso, L’Europ. Merid. v. 370. Sp. papillaris, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 90 ; Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 343, and ii. 138. pi. 2, 21, 25, 26; Roget, Bridgew. Treat, i. 149. fig. 53. Scypha papillaris. Gray, Brit. PI. i. 357. Halina papillaris. Grant in Cyclop. Anat. andPhys. 1. 108. fig. 29; and Outl. Comp. Anat. 311. fig. 108. Spongia compacta, Sowerby’s Brit. Misc. 85. pi. 42 ; Turt. Br. Faun. 208. Var. 4. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 114. 1. 11. fig. 5. h, i,j. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. k. Dublin Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. 16. Halichondria aculeata. Halichondria aculeata, Bean MSS.; Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 131. pi. 13. figs. 1^3, p. 247. Inhab. ? d. iEGAGROPILA. 17. Halichondria Fucorum. Spongia Fucorum, Esper, Spong. tab. 49. figs. 1, 2. Halichondria fucorum, Johnst. Brit. Span. 112. t. 9-12. fig. 2, p. 246. Spongia parasitica, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 114; Gray, Brit. PI. i. 360 ; Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 348. Halichondria parasitica, Flem. Brit. Anim. 521 ; Thompson in Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 254 ; Bellamy’s South Devon, 268. Ilalispongia parasitica, Blainv. Actinol. 532. a. On Sertularia? “Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq.” Pre- sented by G. Johnston, M.D. b, c. On Floridea. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. d. On Fucus, Johnst. Br. Sp. t. 9. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. BRITISH SPONGES. 11 e. On Sertularia falcata. Liverpool, J. Hylands, Esq. Pre- sented by G. Johnston, M.D. /. On Conferva. Craigorad, Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. g. Crustaceous var. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. h. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. 18. Halichqndria incrnstans. Alcyonium incrnstans, Esper, Alcyon. 1. 15; Lara. Anim. s. Perf. if. 397, 2nd edit. ii. 603 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 340, Corail. 244. Halichondria incrnstans, Johnst. Brit. Spon. p. 122. t. 12. fig. 3, and 1. 13. fig. 5, p. 247- . T} . T}l Spongia fava, Montagu in Wern. Mem. n. 115; Gray , Brit. FI. i. 360. _ ... 1A. . 11Q Spongia panicea, Grant in Edin. P Ml. Journ. xrn. 104, xiv. 11 , and in Edin. New Phil. Journ, i. 347, ii- 128,138. pi. 2. figs. 4, 24, 27—29, copied in Blainv. Actinol. pi. 94 ; not Pallas. Halichondria panicea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 520; not Johnst. Halispongia panicea, Blainv. Actinol. 532. not robust. h. Branched. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. “ Spongia fava, Mont.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. d “ Hal. panicea, Flem.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. e. « Hal. panicea, Flem.” Brit. Sp. 1. 12. f. 3. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. gf h. Mass with dry mucus. Presented by G. Johnston, i. Mass, washed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. j. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. b. Bowerbank, Esq. 19. Halichondria saburrata. Halichondria saburrata, Johnst. Br. Sp. p. 121. 1. 11. fig. 3, p. 197- 247 a. Br. Sp. t. 11. f. 3. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. b. Bowerbank, Esq. 20. Halichondria eegagropila. Halispongia segagropila, Scouler MSS. „ , 9zlQ Halichondria segagropila, Johnst. Br. Sp. p. -H9. t. ll^f. , P- -yy • a. With animal matter, Br. Sp. t. 11. f. L Dublin, Dr. Scouler. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b, c. Washed. Ireland ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. d. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. b. Bowerbank, Esq. 12 BRITISH SPONGES, 21. Halichondria seriata. Spongia seriata. Grant in Edin. Phil. Journ. xiv. 116. Halichondria seriata, Johnst. Br. Sp. p. 125. 1. 14. fig. 2, p. 197" 248. a. Tenby, J. S.Bowerbank. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. Br. Sp. 1. 14. f. 2. Tenby, J. S. Bowerbank. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. 22. Halichondria sanguinea. Spongia sanguinea, Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. ii. 135, and 203. pi. 2. fig. 9. Halichondria sanguinea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 521 ; Johnst. Br . Sp. 134. 1. 14. fig. 3, p. 248. Halispongia sanguinea, Blainv. Actinol. 532. pi. 94. fig. 9. a. Dublin Bay, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John- ston, M.D. b. Abnormal form. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. d. Dublin Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. e. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J, S. Bowerbank, Esq. e. Cliona. 23. Halichondria? celata. Halichondria? celata, Johnst. Br. Sp. p. 125. fig. 13, p. 197-248. Var. 2. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 125. Cliona celata, Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 78, ii. 183. pi. 2. fig. 7 (the spiculum) ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 516; Stark , Elem. ii. 421 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 305. pi. 42. figs. 5, 6 ; Du - jardin in Ann. des Sc. Nat. n. s. x. 5. La Clione cachee, Blainv. Actinol. 527. pi. 94. fig. 7- (The spi- culum copied from Grant.) b , c, d. Massive and rude. Cornwall, W. C. Peach, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. a. In holes in shells (Cliona cinerea). Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. e. Mass in holes in stone. Devonshire. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. /, g, h. Mass in holes in stone. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. i, j, k. In holes in shells. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. 1. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. BRITISH SPONGES. 13 [/§4. Halichondria hystrix, Johnst. MSS. a. Small round mass. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. Spicula of 0, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. /. SuBERULA. V 25. Halichondria coalita. Spongia coalita, Mull. Zool. Ban. Prod. 256 ; Zool. Ban. iii. 71. t. 120; Turt. Gmel. iv. 662; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 80; Bose. Vers , iii. 177 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 382, 2nd edit. ii. 572; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 80, Corall. 184; Parkins. Oryctol. 47 ; Grant in Edin. Phil. Journ. xiv. 118, and in Edin. New Phil. Journ. ii. 123. Tupha coalita, Gray , Brit. PI. i, 355. Halichondria coalita, Flem. Brit. Anim. 522 ; Bellamy’s South Bevon , 268 ; Johnst. Br. Sp. 135. t. 12. f. 1, p. 249. Halispongia coalita, Blainv. Actinol. 532. Spongia suberosa, Esper , Spong. t.41. a. Br. Sp. t. 12. f. 1. Frith of Forth? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. 26. Halichondria virgultosa. Spongia virgultosa, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 375,2nd edit. ii. 565; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 66, Corall. 177; Parkins. Oryctol. 44. Halichondria virgultosa, Johnst. Brit . Sp. 137. t. 15. fig's. 1-3 pp. 197, 249. a. Brit. Sp. t. 15. figs. 1 and 2. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. 27. Halichondria hirsuta. Halichondria hirsuta, Flem. Brit. Anim. 522; Johnst. Brit. Sv. p. 138. 1. 16. fig. 1, p. 249. Inhab. deep water, Zetland, Fleming; Ireland, Thompson . Mus. W. Thompson. 28. Halichondria domuncula. Spongia suberea, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 100. Halichondria suberea, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 139. t. 12. fio-s. 5, 6. p. 141. fig. 14, and pp. 197* 249. 14 BRITISH SPONGES. Sp. suberosa, Gray, Br. PL 361. Halichondria suberica, Flem. Brit. Anim. 522 ; Coldstream in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. ix. 235. pi. 2. figs. 3-5 ; Thompson in Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 254 ; Bellamy's South Devon, 268. Halispongia suberica, Blainv. Actinol. 532. Alcyonium domuncula, Olivi, Adriad. 241; Lam. Hist. ii. 4, eel. 2. ii. 600. Anthelia domuncula, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 487. Spongia domuncula, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 28. Alcyonium bulbosum, Esper, Alcyon. p. 41. 1. 12. figs. 1-6. Alcyonium tuberosum, Esper, Alcyon. 1. 13. figs. 1-6. Alcyonium compactum, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 400, 2nd edit, ii. 606 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 354, Corail. 251 ; Parkins . Oryc- tol. 59. a. On a shell. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. On a shell. Brit. Sp. t. 12. fig. 6. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. On a shell. Brit. Sp. t. 12. fig. 5. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. d. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. e. In spirits. Aberystwyth. Presented by the Rev. J. Henslow. Var. not on a shell. Halichondria carnosa, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 146. t. 13. figs. 7, 8, p. 249. H. suberea, var. Bowerbank MSS. a, e. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. f. Spicula of e, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bow- erbank, Esq. 29. Halichondria mammillaris. Spongia mammillaris. Mull. Zool. Dan. iv. 44. tab. 158. figs. 3, 4 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 59, Corail. 173; Thompson in Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 254. Halichondria mamillaris, Johnston, p. 142. 1. 16. fig. 2, p. 249. Spongia Penicillus, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 93. pi. 13. fig. 7 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526 ; Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 471. Spongia mammiferis, Parkinson's Ory otology, 43. Spongia Imperati, D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iii. 114. tav.37. figs. 18 and 23. Tethya? penicilliformis. Gray , Brit. Pl. i. 362. Inhab. ? BRITISH SPONGES. 15 \f 30. Halichondria Ficus. Alcionio tuberoso in forma di fico, Imperat. Ital. 641. fig. inf. Sponge called the Sea Fig, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 206. pi. 59. fig. 4. Alcyonium Ficus, Esper , Alcyon. tab. 20. figs. 1-4 ; copied Johnst. Brit. Sp. t. 77- fig- 11; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 34S; not Pallas. Halichondria Ficus, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 144. t. 15. figs. 4 and 5, and p. 249. Alcyonium ficiforme, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 394; edit. 2, ii. 599. Spongia ficiformis, Lamx. Cor. Flex . 47 ; Expos. Meth. 29. t. 59. f. 4. Choanites Ficus, Mantell, Geol. Sussex , 179. a. Scarborough, Brit. Sp. t. 15. fig. 4. W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. h. In primary state? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. Spicula in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower- bank, Esq. d, e. In spirits. “ Mammaria,” Leach MSS. Presented by J. Cranch, Esq. 31. Halichondria sevosa. Halichondria sevosa, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 147- t. 16. figs. 3, 4, pp. 198, 249. 36 a. Brit. Sp. t. 13. fig. 3. Isle of Man. E. Forbes, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. h. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. \ 32. Halichondria maculans . Halichondria maculans, Johnst. MSS. a. On a shell. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. Species requiring further examination. 33. Halichondria ? aurea. Spongia aurea, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 86; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526. Tupha aurea. Gray , Brit. PI. i. 356. Halichondria? aurea, Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 131, 248. Inhab. ? 16 BRITISH SPONGES. 34. Halichondria? Conus. Spongia Conus, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 85. pi. 10 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526. Tupha conica, Gray, Brit. PI. i. 356. Halichondria? Conus, Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 132, 248. Inhab. ? 35. Halichondria ? rigida. Spongia rigida, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 87. pi. 11. figs. 1, 2 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526. Tupha rigida, Gray , Br. PI. i. 356. Halichondria? rigida, Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 132, 248. Inhab. ? 36. Halichondria? perlsevis. Spongia perlsevis, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 86 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526. Tupha perlsevis, Gray, Brit. PL i. 356. Halichondria perlsevis, Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 133, 248. H. seriata var. ?, Johnst. loc. cit. 248. Inhab. ? 5. Badiaga. Badiaga, Buxbaum, Comm. Acad.Petrop. ii. 1727,343 ; Spengler , Syst. Veg. iv. 374, 1827. Halichondria, sp. Flem. B. A. 524, 1828. Spongilla, Lam. Hist. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 98, 1816, edit. 2, ii. Ill ; Blainv.Man.Actinol. 533-683 ; Schweig. Handb. 421 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. ; Gray, Brit. Plants, i. 353. Spongia pars, Linn. S. N. 1299. Cristatella, Lamk. Syn. 385, 1801 (Sponge not animal), not 1816 ; Lamx.Bull. Soc. Phil. ii. 182, 1812 ; not Cuv. Tabl. Flem. 1798. Tupha, Oken,Lehrb. 1815; S chweig. Handb. 421; not Gray, 1820. Ephydatia, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 2, 1816. 1. Badiaga fluviatilis. Spongia fluviatilis, Pall. Flench. 384; Linn. Syst. 1299; Berk. Syn. i. 213; Turt. Gmel. iv. 662; Blumenb. Man. 272; Bose. Vers, hi. 178. Badiaga fluviatilis, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 374. Ephydatia fluviatilis, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 6, Cor all. 148. Halichondria fluviatilis, Flem. Brit. Anim. 524. Spongilla fluviatilis, Johnst. Brit. Sp. 159. t. 17? 18, p. 250. Les Sponges d’eau douce, Gervais in Ann. des Sc. Nat. n. s. iv. 254. BRITISH SPONGES. 17 Spongilla ou Eponge d’eau douce, Dujardin in Ann. des Sc. Nat. n. s. x. 4. pi. 1. figs. 1-4. Cristatella, ou fiponges fluviatiles, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. iii. 182. Yar. a. Sponge crust aceous, massive and slightly lobed , or throw- ing up short branches. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 1. 17- Spongia fiuviatilis anfractuosa, perfragilis, ramosissima nostras. Plunk. Phytog. tab. 112. fig. 3. Spongia fiuviatilis ramosa fragilis, Raii Hist. PI. iii. 16; Syn. i. 30. no. 6. Fungus vel potius Spongia viridis, doliolis adnascenti similis, Raii Syn. i. 57- no. 11. Spongia lacustris, Linn. Flor. Suec. 439. no. 1190; FI. Lapp. 389; Syst. Nat. 1299; Esper, Spong. tab. 23 A. figs. 1-11; Berk. Syn. i. 213 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 662 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 209 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 435; Bose. Vers, iii. 178; Link in Ann. des Sc. Nat. n. s. Bot. ii. 328. Badiaga major, Buxbaum, l. c. 343. Spongia friabilis, Esper, Spong. tab. 62. figs. 1-4 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 662; Bose. Vers, iii. 178. Epbydatia lacustris, Lamour. Cor. Flex. T, Corail. 149. Ephydatia friabilis, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 6, Corall. 148. Spongilla friabilis, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 100, 2nd edit. ii. 114; Risso, L’Europ. Merid. v. 367 ; Grant in Edinb. Phil. Journ. ii. 138. pi. 2. fig. 1 (tbe spiculum), copied in Blainv. Atlas, pi. 94. fig. 1 ; Blainv. Man. 534 ; Schweig. Handb . 421 ; Tem- pleton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 470; Stark, Elem. ii. 442. Spongilla pulvinata, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 99, 2nd edit. ii. 113 ; Gray, Brit. PI. i. 353. Spongilla fiuviatilis, Blainv. Actinol. 534. pi. 92. fig. 6 ; Hoggy$ Stockton, 39; Hogg in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 478, ii. 370, iii. 58 and 459, vi. 315; Hogg in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 363, and in Charlesworth’ s Mag. Nat. Hist. iv. 259 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 159. pi. 17 & 18. Spongilla lacustris, Blainv. Actinol. 534. Yar. ]3. Erect and branched, plant-like. Johnst. Brit. Sp. t. 18. Spongia ramosa fiuviatilis Newtoni, Raii Hist. PI. i, 81 ; Syn. i. 30. no. 5. Badiaga cinerea, Buxbaum, l. c. ii. 343. Spongia fiuviatilis?, Linn. FI. Suec. 440. no. 1191. Spongia lacustris, Esper, Spong. tab. 23. figs. 1, 2. Spongia canalium, Turt. Gmel. iv. 662; Bose. Vers , iii. 179. Ephydatia canalium, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 6, Corall. 148 ; Fleming in Edinb. Phil. Journ. ii. 88; Flem. Phil. Zool. ii. 614. pi. 5. fig. 4. Spongilla ramosa, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 100, 2nd edit. ii. 114 ; Gray, Brit. PI. i. 353 ; Hutrochet in (( Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1828, p. 205,” Bull, des Sc. Nat. xvii. 156 ; Stark, Elem. ii. 442. 18 BRITISH SPONGES. Badiaga minor, Buxbaum, Comm . Petrop . ii. 1727, 343; Cent. v. 12. t. 23. fig. 2. Spongilla canalium, Blainv. Actinol. 534. Spongilla lacustris, Schweig. Handb. 421. Spongilla pulvinata, Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 470. a. Northumberland. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. 5.? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. Erect, branched. Goole, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. d, e. Massive. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. f. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bow- erbank, Esq. g. In spirits. Presented by J. E. Gray, Esq. 2. Badiaga lacustris. Spongilla lacustris, Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 162, 250. Spongia lacustris, “ Don’s Animals of Forfarshire , 36.” Halichondria lacustris, Flem. Brit. Anim. 524. 6. Spongia. Spongia pars, Linn. Achilleum, Schweig. Beobacht. vii., Handb. 421 ; not Oken. Spongia, Lamk. Syst. 1801; L amour. Bull. Soc. Phil . 1812; Flem. Brit. Anim. 524, 1828; Blainv. Man. 529; Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 164, 250. 1 . Spongia pulchella. Spongia pulchella, Sowerby , Brit. Misc. 87. pi. 43; Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 562 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 208 ; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 109 ; Gray , Brit. Plants , i. 359 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 524; Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 471 ; Bellamy’s S. Devon , 268 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 167. t. 19. figs. 1, 2 (p. 171. fig. 16?), p. 250. a. Washed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. Washed. Brit . Sp. t. 29. fig. 2. Berwick Bay? Pre- sented by G. Johnston, M.D. 2. Spongia limbata. Spongia limbata, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 111. pi. 15. figs. 2, 3; Gray, Brit. PI. i. 360 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. 168. t. 19. figs. 3, 4, 5, p.250. Spongia lobata, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 85. pi. 9. fig. 1 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526. Tupha lobata, Gray, Brit. PI. i. 356. a. Var. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. BRITISH SPONGES. 19 b. Small mass, washed. Devonshire. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c, d & e. Mass, washed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. f. Hounded mass with dry mucus. Presented by G. John- ston, M.D. 3. Spongia? laevigata. Spongia laevigata, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 95. pi. 16. fig*. 4 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 170, 250. Soypha laevigata. Gray , Brit. PI. i. 358. Inhab. ? Dubia ? ? Spongia prolifera. Grant , Edinb. Phil. Jour n.xiv. 116 (not So - lander and Ellis)-, not described. Inhab. ? 7. Dysidea. Duseideia, Johnston , 1842, p. 185. Dysidea, Johnston, 1842, p. 251. Y 1. Dysidea fragilis. Spongia fragilis, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 114. pi. 16. figs. 1,2; Gray, Brit. PI. i. 360 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526 ; Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 471. Duseideia fragilis, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 187- t. 13. fig. 6, and 1. 14. fig- 4- . . Dysidea fragilis, Johnst. Brit. Sp. 25 1. Halichondria areolata, Johnst. Brit. Sp. 121. 1. 13. fig. 4, pp. 197 and 247. a,b,c,d. Washed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. e, f, g, h, i, with the mucus preserved to dry. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. j. with mucus in spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. k. “ Halichondria areolata.” l. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. a. “ Hal. areolata.” Portaferry, Strangford Lough, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. 20 BRITISH SPONGES. 2. Dysidea? papillosa. Spongia suberea, Johnst. in Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 491. fig. 60. Buseideia papillosa, Johnst. Brit. Sp. 1. 16. figs. 6, 7> pp. 190, 191. %• 18. Dysidea? papillosa, Johnst. Brit. Sp. 251. a. On fragment of a shell. Scarborough. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. h. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bow- erbank, Esq. 8. Halisarca. Halisarca, Dujard. 184?; Johnst. Brit. Sp. 184/. 1. Halisarca Dujardinii. Halisarca, Dujardin in Ann. des Sc. Nat. n. s. x. 7- pi. 1. fig. 5. Hal. Dujardinii, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 192. 1. 16. fig. 8, p. 61. fig. 9, p. 251. Inhab. . Order II. CALCAREA. Earn. 2. Grantiad^e. 9. Grantia. Grantia, Flem. Brit. An. 524, 1828; Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 172,251. Leucalia, Grant in Edinb. Encyclop. xviii. 844. Leuconia, Grant , Outl. Comp. Anat. 7. Calcispongia, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 1830; Man. 530. Spongia pars, Linn., Lam., Lamour. Scypha pars. Gray, Brit. PI. i. 357. Scyphia pars, Schweig. Handb. 422, 1820. 1. Grantia compressa. Spongia compressa, Fabric. Faun. Grcenl. 448; Turt. Gmel. iv. 661; Bose. Vers, iii. 170; Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 562; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 48, Corall. 168; Grant in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. i. 166, and ii. 122, 127. pi- 2. figs. 11, 12, 13 and 23 ; copied in Blainv. Atlas, pi. 94 ; not Esper. Spongia foliacea, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 92. pi. 12; Temple- ton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 471 ; not Esper. Scypha foliacea. Gray, Brit. PI. i. 358. Grantia compressa, Flem. Br. Anim. 524; Johnst. in Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 270 ; Brit. Sp. 174. t. 20. fig. 1, p. 251; Bellamy’s South Devon, 268 ; Hassall in Ann. Nat. Hist. vi. 174. Leuconia compressa. Grant’s Outl. Comp. Anat. p. 7- fig. 3. Calcispongia compressa, Blainv. Actinol. 531. Spongia urceolus, Muller, Zool. Dan. iv. 42. 1. 157. fig- 3, ? var. BRITISH SPONGES. 21 a~e. Brit . Sp. t. 20. fig. 1. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. f. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. g. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bow- erbank, Esq. 2. Grantia lacunosa. Grantia lacunosa, Bean MSS.; JoJinst. Brit. Sp. p. 176. t. 20. figs. 2, 3, p. 251. a. Brit. Sp. t. 20. figs. 2, 3. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. 3, Grantia ciliata. Spongia ciliata, Fabric. Faun. Groenl. 448 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 657 ; Bose. Vers , iii. 169 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 55, Corail. 151. Spongia coronata, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 190. pi. 58. figs. 8, 9, copied in Esper, Spong. tab. 61. figs. 5, 6 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 65 7 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 208 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 433 ; Bose. Vers , iii. 169; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 88 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 54, Corall. 171 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 370, 2nd edit. ii. 560; ScJiweig. Beobacht. 80. tab. 5. fig. 47, opt. ! ; Grant inEdin. New Phil. Journ. i. 170, ii. 122. pi. 2. figs. 17, 18; copied in Blainv. Atlas , pi. 94. figs. 17, 18. Spongia panicea, Esper , Spong. tab. 18. figs. 1,2. Scvpha coronata, Gray , Brit. PI. i. 357. Grantia coronata, Hassall in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 174. Grantia ciliata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 325 ; Johnst. in Trans. Newc, Soc. ii. 271 ; Bellamy's South Devon, 269 ; Thompson in Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 254 ; Johnst. p. 176. t. 20. f. 4,5, t. 21. f. 6, 7, and p. l.f.l, p.252. Calcispongia ciliata, Blainv. Actinol. 531. Spongia fistulosa, Chiaje , Anim. Nap. iii. 113. t. 37. f. 14, 15. a, b, c. On Conferva. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Pre- sented by G. Johnston, M.D. d. With G. compressa. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. e , f, q. On Fucus. R. Orwell, Essex. Presented by W. B. Clarke, M.D. h, i, k. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. l. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. m. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S* Bowerbank, Esq. 22 BRITISH SPONGES, 4. Grantia pulverulenta. Spongia ananas var., Montagu in Wern. Mem . ii. 9/. pi. 16. fig. 3. Sp. pulverulenta, Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 170. Scypha ovata, Gray, Brit. PI. i. 358. Grantia pulverulenta, Flem. Brit. Anim. 525 ; Bellamy’s South Devon, 269 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. 180, 252. Spongia inflata, Della Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iii. p. 114. tav. 37- figs. 16, 17. Var. ? Spongia ananas, Mont. Wern. Trans, ii. 96. 1. 16. figs. 1, 2 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. 181. Grantia ananas, Fleming, B. A. 525. Inliab. ? 5. Grantia fistulosa. Grantia fistulosa, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 181. t. 20. fig. 7, p. 252. a. Portaferry, Ireland, W. Thompson. Presented by G, Johnston, M.D. b. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. 6. Grantia botryoides. Spongia botryoides, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 190. pi. 58. figs. 1- 4; copied in Esper, Spong. tab. 61. figs. 1-4; Turt. Gmel. iv. 660; Turt. Brit. Faun. 209; Stew. Elem. ii. 434; Bose. Vers , iii. 173; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 89 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex . 81, Corail. 184; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 382, 2nd edit. ii. 573; Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 471. Sp. complicata, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 97. pi. 9. figs. 2, 3 ; Gray, Brit. PI. i. 358 ; Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 169. Spongia confervicola, Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 470. f. 67. Scypha botryoides, Gray , Brit. PI. i. 357- Grantia botryoides, Flem. Brit. Anim. 525; Johnst. in Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 270 ; Bellamy’s South Devon, 268 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 179. t. 21. figs. 1-5, p. 252. Calcispongia botryoides, Blainv. Actinol. 531. a Sf g. Br. Sp. t. Bangor, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. b. On slate, Br. Sp. t. 21. f. 3. Holy Island. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c, d. On slate. Holy Island. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. e,f. OnFucus. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. g. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. BRITISH SPONGES. 23 7. Grantia nivea. Spongia nivea, Grant in Edin . Phil. Journ. xiv. 339 ; and in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 168, and ii. 139. pi. 1. figs. 14-16; copied in Blainv. Actinol. pi. 94. Grantia nivea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 525 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 182. pi. 21. fig. 8, p. 252. Calcispongia nivea, Blainv. Actinol. 531. a Sf h. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. Yar. cristata, Br. Sp. t. 20. f. 6. Mr. M‘Calla. Pre- sented by G. Johnston, M.D. d. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. 8. Grantia eoriacea. Spongia eoriacea, Montagu in JVern. Mem. ii. 116; Gray , Brit. PL i. 361 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526. Grantia multicavata, Bean MSS. Grantia eoriacea, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 183. t. 21. fig. 9, p. 252. a, h. Br. Sp. t. 21. f. 9. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. c. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D. d. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bowerbank, Esq. APPENDIX. Foreign Specimens accidentally introduced into the Fauna. Spongia prolifera, Solander and Ellis , t. ; Templeton , Mag . Nat. Hist. ix. 472; Johnst . Br. Sp. 170. Inhab. Belfast, from a ship. INDEX. Achillettm, 18 aculeata, Hal., 10 aegagropila, Hal. , 1 1 , 1 2 albescens, Hal., 9 Alcyoniura, 1, 2 Amorphozoa, 1 ananas, Sp., 21, 22 Anthelia, 3 areolata, Hal., 19 aurantium, Alcy., 2 aurea, Sp., 15 bacillaris, Sp., 4 Badiaga, 16 botryoides, Sp., 22 bulbosum, Alcy., 14 caerulea, Sp., 8 Calcispongia, 20 calyciformis, Sp., 7 canalium, Sp., 17 cancellata, Sp., 6 carnosa, Hal., 14 24 INDEX. celata, Clion., 12 cervicornis, Sp., 5 Chaonites, 3, 15 ciliata, Sp., 21 cinerea, Sp., 8, 17 Cliona, 3, 12 coalita, Sp., 13 columbae, Sp., 6 compacta, Sp., 10 compactum, Ale., 14 complicata, Sp., 22 compressa, Sp., 20 confervicola, Sp., 22 conica, Sp., 16 Conus, Sp., 16 coriacea, Sp., 23 coronata, Sp., 21 Cranium, Alcy., 1 crateriformis, Sp., 7 crispata, Sp., 7 cristata, Sp., 10 Cnstatella, 16 Cvdonium, 2 ; Ale., 2 dichotoma, Sp., 4 digitata, Sp., 5 domuncula, Alcy., 14 Dujardinii, Hal., 20 Duseideia, 19 Dysidea, 19 echidnsea, Sp., 5 Ephydatia, 16 fava, Sp., 11 ficiforme, Alcy., 15 Ficus, Alcy., 15 tistulosa, Sp., 21, 22 ; Gran., 22 fluviatilis, Sp., 16 foliacea, Sp., 20 foliascens, Sp., 8 fragilis,Sp.,19;Dus.,19 friabilis, Sp., 17 fruticosa, Sp., 5, 7 Fucorum, Sp., 10 Geodia, 2 globosum, Alev., 1 Grantia, 20 Grantiadae, 20 Haliclona, 3 Kalina, 3 Halisarca, 20 Halispongia, 3 hirsuta, Hal., 13 hispida, Sp., 6 Hystrix, Hal., 13 Imperati, Sp., 14 incrustans, Alcy., 11 inflata, Sp., 22 informis, Sp., 9 infundibuliformis, Sp., 7 Johnstonia, Pach., 3 lacunosa, Gran., 21 lacustris, Sp., 17, 18 laevigata, Sp., 19 lanuginosa, Sp., 5 Leucalia, 20 Leuconia, 20 licheniformis, Sp., 7 limbata, Sp., 18 lobata, Sp., 18 Lyncurium, Alcy., 2 maculans, Hal., 15 mamillaris, Sp., 14 Mammaria, 15 mammiferis, Sp., 14 major, Bad., 17 Manon, 3 manus diaboli, Ale., 10 medullare, Alcy., 9 minor, Bad., 17 Montaguii, Hal., 6 Mulleri, Cyd., 3 multicavata, Gran., 23 nivea, Sp., 23 oculata, Sp., 45 oculatum, Manon, 4 Pachymatisma, 3 palmata, Sp., 3, 4 panicea, Sp., 9, 11, 21 paniceum, Alcy., 10 papillaris, Sp., 9, 10 papillosa, Dus., 19 papillosum, Alcy., 9 parasitica, Sp., 11 . penicilliformis, Teth., 15 Penicillus, Sp., 14 perlaevis, Sp., 16 pilosa, Sp.,^2 plumosa, Sp., 6 Pocillum, Sp., 7 polychotoma, Sp., 4 prolifera, Sp., 19, 23 pulchella, Sp., 18 pulverulenta, Sp., 9, 22 pulvinata, Sp., 17 , ramosa, Sp., 4, 5, 6, 17 ramosum, Alcy., 9 rigida, Sp., 16 saburata, Hal., 11 sanguinea, Sp., 12 Scypha, 3, 20; Sp., 8 semitubulosa, Sp., 6 seriata, Sp., 12 sevosa, Hal., 15 simulans, Hal., 8 sphaerica, Teth., 2 Spongia, 1-23 Spongiaires, 1 Spongites, 1 suberea, Sp., 14, 19 suberica, Hal., 14 suberosa, Sp., 13, 14 subviride, Alcy., 3 Tethea, 1 Tethium, 1 Tethya, 2 tomentosa, Sp., 10 tomentosum, Alcy., 14 Tragos, 3 tuberosum, Alcy., 14 tubulosa, Sp., 6 tubulosum, Alcy., 10 urceolus, Sp., 20 urens, Sp., 9 urtica, Sp., 9 ventilabriformis, Sp., 7 ventilabrum, Sp., 7 verrucosa, Sp., 2 virgultosa, Sp., 13 xerampelina, Sp., 8 Zetlandica, Sp., 8 ; Geod., 3. PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. % t / % \