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Anyone who asks for this volume, to read, collate, or copy from it, and who appropriates it to himself or herselt, or cuts anything out of it, should realize that (s)he will have to give answer before God’s awesome tribunal as if (s)he had robbed a sanctuary. Let such a person be held anathema and receive no forgiveness until the book is returned. So be it. Amen! And anyone who removes these anathemas, digitally or otherwise, shall himself receive them in double.
LITUEGIA SA-N-CTOEni APOSTOIOUTO ADAH ET VITJ, cn iccEio-r ocai uui a- urarsnui nsrB n .
I\EC2*0IT OKEO BAPTX31H •
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TJUMIAE .
TYPIS MISSIONIS AECHEEPISCOPI CANTO ABIENSIS.
MDCCCXC .
THE LITURGY
OF THE
HOLY APOSTLES ADAI AND MARI
TOGETHER WITH
TWO ADDITIONAL LITURGIES TO BE SAID ON CERTAIN
FEASTS AND OTHER DAYS:
AND
THE ORDER OF BAPTISM.
IN THE STRENGTH OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST WE BEGIN TO WRITE
THE ORDER OF
THE CONSECRATION OF THE OBLATION
AND OF BAPTISM.
COMPLETE AND ENTIRE.
Collated from many Manuscripts from various Places.
OUR LORD HELP US. AMEN.
TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE
The following translation of the Liturgy of the East-Syrian Church aims at placing the entire rite intelligibly before the English reader, and there¬ fore includes the many Litanies, Anthems so far as they are invariable and Karuzuthas, or Proclamations said by the Deacons. Renaudot’s Latin translation, used in Hammond’s “ Liturgies,” is very good, but his edition was founded on a very imperfect MS. ; and the English translation given by Dr. Badger, in an “ Occasional Paper of the Eastern Church Associ¬ ation, No. xvii., Rivingtons, 1875,” is also incomplete.
This translation has been made from the edition of the Takhsa ' or Order of Services, published by the Archbishop’s Mission. But the Takhsa is the Priest’s book, and, while it contains several lesser rites, it has not all the Deacon’s parts of the service, many of these being known bv heart or being found in other books, as, for example, the Litany on pp. 6-1 1, which is used in the Daily Service. All the parts not in the Takhsa are indicated by square brackets. Although the MSS. collected for the Takhsa are modern, the East-Syrian Church having been deprived, during its manifold sufferings and persecutions, of most of its literary wealth, this Liturgy claims to be ancient, perhaps the most ancient in Christendom. There are many internal evidences of great antiquity, and in handing down so holy a rite the care of learned copyists would be extreme. In the MSS. more discrepancies are found in the Rubrics than in the Prayers. The Rubrics are as a rule more modern, and have probably been modified or added to gradually for the sake of clearness. It has been thought well to keep some of the technical words of ritual, as their meaning does not answer exactly to any of those in general use.
1 "Takhsa ’’ is derived from the Greek rafts, Order.
“ Qurbana, the usual name for Holy Communion, is an abstract noun formed from the verb to offer. It is translated Oblation throughout, to keep the similarity of derivation.
b 2
( Vi )
A further account of and notes on this Liturgy may be found in Renaudot's Liturgiarum Orientalium Collectio., tom. ii. ; Asseman’s Bibliotheca Orientalis, vol. iv. ; Hammond’s Liturgies ; Maclean and Browne’s The Catholicos of the East ; and in the Quarterly Paper of the Assyrian Mission for Jan., 1891, (S.P.C.K. and 7, Dean’s Yard, Westminster).
The earnest hope of the Translators is, that these prayers of Christians of ancient times and distant regions may not only form an acceptable contribution to liturgical literature, but may be welcomed by many devout members of our Church.
July , 1893.
peaefatio.
Sicut die Pentecostes in quo Spiritus Sanctus, Dominus et Vm*fW ,
• ■] j x • • t • • . iv means, ad cor popud
“ut“ es : 7 7!,0S1 “ ««b cl, Dei ,b 7
tjalilaeis, saacta duod.cua apostolis. reiata unu^qpe bn-ua sua au(M)at .
m«d beat! PaaU, Orabo spirit*, orabo at meate, Maxima adtaplari cttm bomeil ^ mrocent homines umuscujusque gentis lingua propria in qua nati sint
Itaque singulis regionibus quibus evangebzaverunt apostob' vel apostolorum coaetanei bturgiae forma patrio sermone concepta ab antique extitit : quarum nonnullae usque
aetatem nostrum supersunt, nec quaequam est temere negligenda aut inconsulto oat, tenda.
Eeverendi igitur in usum Cleri, ceterorumque fidebum bteratorum de ecclesia antiqui sima Syrorum Orientabum ad profectum, necnon rerum bturgicarum studiosis exteris ii documentum, LITTJRGIAM, seu ordinem mysteriorum celebrandorum, quam, ut fertur apostob sui, Sancti Adaeus et Maris, primitivis Syriae in Christo tradiderunt, bturgia* quoque Theodori ac Nestorii, ut rulgo nuncupantur, una cum Baptismi formula caeri- moniisque, sicut receptae sunt, literarum formis usitatis, ad hunc ipsum usum in TJrm
confectis, expressas, hie qualiscunque libellus fidelitur repraesentat.
In qua editione comparanda tarn multos codices manu scriptos, e regionibus quibr^ nomina Alqosh, Kurdistan, TJrmi, conquisitos, quam exemplaria in libris a doctiss^ Kenaudotio latine, a reverendo doctore Georgio Badger anglice editis, exhibita contule- runt presbvteri ab amplissimo praesule Edwardo Archiepiscopo Cantuariensi legati : qui, quod iis commissum est, et antiquae ecclesiae monumenta illibata ut conserrarent er
clerum hodiernum ad sacras literas doctrinaeque studia ut incitarent sibi propositum habuerunt.
Hujusmodi auxilium ab ecclesia Anglic ana semel atque iterum plus quinquaginta an- nos implorayerunt Svrorum Orientalium Catholicus episcopique ceteri : quorum ad suble- yandam ecclesiam afflictam et ab infidelibus modo non ad nihilum redactam, primus ex Anglis, fayente reyerendissimo Willelmo tunc temporis totius Angliae primate, applicant se dominus doctor Badger supra memoratus. Deinde yir reyerendus Edwardus Cutts, tes¬ tis oculatus, Anglos de miseriis aerumnisque eorum quatuordecim abhinc annos certiores
PREFACE.
■ - ♦<>♦ — - —
As on the day of Pentecost when the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the Giver of life, spoke to the heart of His people, and devout men out of every nation under heaven heard the mighty works of God, each in his own language, from those Galileans the twelve holy Apostles, so it is admitted that the saying of St. Paul, “ I will pray with the Spirit, and I will pray with the understanding also,” is best fulfilled when men of every nation call on the name of the Lord in their own language wherein they were born.
And so in each country where the Apostles or men of their day proclaimed the gospel, a form of liturgy framed in the native speech existed of old; and of these some remain to our day, and nothing in them should be rashly neglected or unadvisedly omitted.
This book, printed in the ordinary [Eastern-Syrian] alphabet from type cast at Urmi for the purpose, represents faithfully the LITURGY or Order of celebrating the Mysteries, which is said to have been given to the earliest Christians in Syria, by their Apostles St. Adai and St. Mari, with the Liturgies of Theodore and Nestorius, commonly so called, together with the formula and the generally accepted ceremonies of Baptism, and is intended for the use of the clergy and for the advantage of other scholars among the faithful in the very ancient Church of the Eastern Syrians, and to serve for instruction to those of other countries interested in liturgical research.
In the preparation of this edition, the priests deputed by the Most Reverend Primate Edward Lord Archbishop of Canterbury have collated many codices obtained from Alqosh, Kurdistan and Urmi, as also the printed copies published by the learned Renaudot in Latin and by the Reverend Doctor George Badger in English, their object being, according to the instructions given to them, both to preserve intact the records of
fecit. Turn demum, anno salutis iiDCCCLXxxnto, eadem renunciante j uveal impigro Athel- stano Riley, qui a Syris in patriam tertio atque quarto jam reversus est, duos presbvle- ros Quibus quatuor alteri jam adjunct! sunt) misit Archiepiscopus clntuariensis qui
nunc est : eo certe consilio non ut Svros Christianos ad ecclesiam AngUcanam alliceret, nec ut doctriiiam eorum minus sanam praetermitteret vel condo narei iis, sed ut depres
sos erigeret, indoctos instrueret, lapsorum pedes super antiquas vias fidei catholicae mo- rumque sanctorum constitueret.
Quae cum ita essent, operam in liunc librum ad religionem devotionemque ad'umen- tum, libentissime ii impenderunt, quos huic officio praeposuerat Archiepiscopus: qui lec-
torem eruditum illud de opere suo censent admonendum; codicis manu scripti optima notae apud Alqosh inventi auctoritate imprimis niti textum hie impressum ; quae vero ab aliis codicibus inserta sunt uncis esse inclusa. Quo autem expeditius et inohensius libro illi uterentur quorum gratia editus est, integro vel in extenso, ut aiunt, exnressa sunt omnia quae vel a sacerdote vel a diacono vel etiam a plebe sunt dicenda ; quamyis in libris manu scriptis multa non nisi primis vocibus indicari solent. Liturgiarum tamen aliarum praeparatio et conclusio a praecedente Sanctorum Apostolorum Liturgia, prout solitum est, petendae sunt.
Praesertim yero notandum est verba ilia sacrosancta quibus Dominus ac Peus noster Jesus Chris tus sanctissimum Eucharistiae sacramentum instituit, quae ut inter mysteria celebranda semper ore proferebat sacerdos, ita, quod ad beatorum apostolorum attinet liturgiam, nunquam literis mandabant Syriaci, loco suo, sicut ceteris eorundem liturgiis collatis usuque sacerdotum indagato satis comparuit, separatim tamen, quippe nulla co- dicum antiquorum auctoritate fulta, inserta esse ; quemadmodum beatus Apostolus Paul- us in epistola sua ad Corinthios priore ea recitavit.
Quibus ita comparatis, maxime est in rotis ut in quibus Syrorum Orientalium ecclesiis altan liber omnino defuerit, aut non adsit nisi scissus vel mutilus vel paene absumptus, conveniente coetu fidelium ad sacrosancta Christi Corporis San^uinisque mysteria percipi- enda, hie in manus episcopi vel presbyteri docti devotique yeniat, qui pro peccatis di- luendis, pro gratia impetranda, pro pace et salute totius Christianorum numeri Deo Patri Omnipotenti oblationem rite recteque ex more faciat.
( viii )
this ancient Church and also to incite the present clergy to theological and doctrinal studies.
The Catholicos and other Bishops of the Eastern Syrians, have for more than fifty years again and again implored the Church ot England for aid of this kind, the first Englishman to apply himself to the succour of this afflicted Church which had been all but destroyed by the infidels, being the above-mentioned Dr. Badger under the patronage of the Most Reverend William, at that time Primate of All England. Next, fourteen years ago, the Reverend Edward Cutts, an eye-witness [despatched by Archbishop Tait], brought news to England of their poverty and distress. Finally, in the year of grace 1886, the present Archbishop of Canterbury, having received a like report from the indefatigable young traveller Athelstan Riley, who has now four times returned from visiting the Syrians, sent two priests, since joined by four others, with definite instructions not to entice the Syrian Christians into the Anglican Church nor to pass over or condone any of their doctrine which is erroneous, but, to uplift the down-trodden, to instruct the ignorant, to establish the feet of those who have gone astray in the ancient paths of the Catholic Faith and of holy living.
In consequence, those whom the Archbishop has charged with this office have most willingly expended labour on this book as an aid to religion and devotion ; and they think well to advertise the learned reader concerning their work, that this printed text is based on the authority of the best manuscript available, an Alqosh one, and that insertions from other codices are in brackets.1
Now, in order that they for whose sake the book has been published may use it more readily and without error, everything to be said, whether by the priest, by the deacon or even by the congregation, but which, as far as the Liturgy of the Blessed Apostles is concerned, was never committed to writing by the Syrians,2 is inserted in full, although in manuscripts much is usually indicated by the first words only. However, according to custom, the preceding Liturgy of the Holy Apostles must be referred to for the beginning and conclusion of the other Liturgies.
These brackets have not been kept in the Translation. l'e' These parts were not printed in the Liturgy.
( ix )
It is especially to be noticed that the holy words in which our Lord and God Jesus Christ instituted the most holy sacrament of the Eucharist, and which, as far as the Liturgy of the Blessed Apostles is concerned, were never committed to writing by the Syrians, though the priest always pronounced them when celebrating the mysteries, are inserted in their place, which is sufficiently certain from a comparison of other liturgies of the same people, and from inquiry into the custom of the priests ; but they stand apart because they rest on the authority of no ancient codex. They are in the form in which the blessed Apostle Paul repeated them in his First Epistle to the Corinthians.
Now, it is much to be desired that, in whatsoever church of the Eastern Syrians an altar-book is altogether wanting, or where there is only a torn or mutilated or almost worn-out copy, when the company of the faithful come together to receive the most holy mysteries of the Body and Blood of Christ, this book may come to the hand of some learned and devout Bishop or priest who may, according to due right and custom, offer the oblation to God the Father Almighty for the remission of sins, for the obtaining of grace, for the peace and salvation of all Christians.
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ORDER OF THE HALLOWING OF THE APOSTLES, MADE BY MAR ADAI AND MAR MARI THE BLESSED APOSTLES.
First the priest begins. In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit for ever. Glory to God in the highest repeat three times and on earth peace and good hope to men, at every season and for ever ; amen. Our Father Which art in heaven hallowed be Thy name. Thy kingdom come. '[Holy, holy, holy art Thou. Our Father Which art in heaven. Heaven and earth are full of the greatness of Thy glory. Angels2 and men cry to Thee, Holy, Holy, Holy art Thou. Our Father Which art in heaven hallowed be Thy name. Thy kingdom come.] Thy will be done, as in heaven so on earth. Give us the bread of our need to-day. And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil. For Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory for ever and ever amen. [Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, from everlasting and for ever and ever amen. Our Father Which art in heaven hallowed be Thy name. Thy kingdom come. Holy, Holy, Holy art Thou. Our Father Which art in heaven. Heaven and earth are full of the greatness of Thy glory. Angels2 and men cry to Thee, Holy, Holy, Holy art Thou.] 1
Deacon. Let us pray. Peace be with us.
Prayer before the Marmitha3 for Sundays and Feasts.4 Strengthen, our Lord and our God, our weakness by Thy grace that
1 Square brackets are used in this translation to mark farcing, anthems, etc., which are used with the Liturgy, but which are not printed in the Takhsa,
a lit. “watchers.” Cf. Dan. iv. 13.
3 The portion of Psalms appointed for various seasons or days, sung antiphonally by those within and those without the sanctuary. (1) First Sunday of Advent to the Fast, except on Memorials of Saints ; also from Easter to Pentecost : Ps. xcvi.-xcviii., inclusive. Con¬ tinuation : Ps. xxxv., from ver. 18 all under one Gloria. (2) Sundays of the Fast and Sundays from Pentecost to the “ Hallowing of the Church : ” Ps. cxliv.— cxlvi., inclusive. (3) Hallow¬ ing of the Church, i.e. the four Sundays before Advent : Ps. cxlvii.-cl., inclusive. Continua¬ tion . Ps. xlvi., from ver. 4, “the holy place.” (4) Memorials of Saints, special. On some
feasts the Continuation is not that of the season. There is no farcing on feasts, but after each clause “ Hallelujah” is said.
The word “feast” is now usually confined by the East-Syrians to the feasts of our Lord. Saints’ days are called by them “ Memorials ”
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vve may administer the holy mysteries which were given for the renewal and redemption of our nature, through the mercies of Thy beloved Son, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever. They begi?i the Mar mi t ha appointed .
Prayer on Memorials ,! and on ordinary days .
May the adorable and glorious name of Thy glorious Trinity, be worshipped and glorified and honoured and exalted and confessed and blessed in heaven and on earth, at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever. Priest . [2 Ps. xv. i.] Lord, who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle : and who shall abide on Thy holy mountain ? In purity of thoughts, O our Lord, make me to stand before Thine altar. Lord, who shall dwell, etc . Deacon . [Ver. 2. Priest. Ver. 3 ; and so on alter nately to the end of Ps. xvl] Priest. [Ps. cl. 1. D eacon. Ver. 2 ; and so on. Priest. Ps. cxvii. 1. Deacon. Ver. 2.] Priest. Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, from everlasting and for ever and ever ; amen. In purity of thoughts, O our Lord, make me to stand before Thine altar. Deacon. [Ps. xv. 1.] How beautiful and glorious is the house of Thy sanctuary, O God, Who sanctifiest all. Peace be with us.
Prayer of the Anthem of the Sanctuary ; on Feasts and Sundays.
Before the glorious throne, my Lord, of Thy majesty, and the high and exalted chair of Thy honour, and the awful judgment-seat of the intensity of Thy love, and the absolving altar which Thy command hath established, and the place where Thy glory abideth ; we, Thy people and the sheep of Thy pasture, with thousands of cherubin singing Hallelujahs to Thee, and ten thousand times ten thousand seraphin and archangels pro¬ claiming Thee Holy, do kneel and worship and confess and glorify [Thee] at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
Prayer on Memorials .
The Name, great and awful, holy and blessed, gracious and incom¬ prehensible, of Thy glorious Trinity, and Thy grace towards our race, we are bound to confess and worship and glorify at every season, O Lord See preceding note.
See appendix for translation of these psalms from the Peshitta version.
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of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever. They say the appointed Anthem of the Sanctuary .
Prayer of the Lakhumara1 ; on Sundays and Feasts .
When the sweet odour of the delight of Thy love, our Lord and our God, penetrates us, and our souls are enlightened by the knowledge of Thy truth, may we be made worthy to receive the revelation of Thv Beloved from heaven, and may we there confess Thee and glorify Thee without ceasing in Thy crowned Church, filled with all aids and blessings. For Thou art the Lord and Creator of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
And on Memorials and on ordinary days . For all Thine unrequited aids and graces towards us, let us confess and glorify Thee without ceasing in Thy crowned Church, filled with all aids and blessings. For Thou art the Lord and Creator of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
They say , Thee, Lord of all, we confess, and Thee, Jesus Christ, we glorify ; for Thou art the Quickener of our bodies, and Thou art the Saviour of our souls. I have washed my hands in purity, and I have encompassed Thine altar, O Lord. Thee, Lord of all, we confess, and Thee, Jesus Christ, we glorify; for Thou art the Quickener of our bodies and Thou art the Saviour of our souls. Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, from everlasting and for ever and ever ; amen. Thee, Lord of all, we confess, and Thee, Jesus Christ, we glorify ; for Thou art the Quickener of our bodies and Thou art the Saviour of our souls. Deacon. Let us pray. Peace be with us.
Prayer . Thou, my Lord, art in truth the Quickener of our bodies and Thou art the good Saviour of our souls and the constant Preserver of our life. Thee, my Lord, we are bound to confess and worship and glorify at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever. Deacon . Lift up your voice, all ve people, and glorify the living God. They answer , Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy upon us. Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit. Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy upon us, from everlasting and for ever and ever ; amen. Holy God, Holy Mighty Holy Immortal, have mercy upon us.
ht • “ Thee, Lord : ” the technical term for the following anthem.
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( 4 )
Prayer before the Lection .
Holy and Glorious, Mighty and Immortal, Who dwellest in the saints, and Whose will rests content, turn O my Lord, and pity and have mercy upon us, as Thou art wont, at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
The Blessing wherewith the priest blesses the reader of the Lections .*
Blessed be God the Lord of all, Who giveth us wisdom by His holy doctrine. May His mercies abound on the reader and on the hearers, at every season for ever. They read the Lections and proceed to the proper Shuraya ,2
Prayer before the Apostle .3
Enlighten for us, our Lord and our God, the impulses of our thoughts, that we may hearken and understand the sweet hearing- of Thy life-giving and divine commands; and, in Thy grace and mercies, grant that we may gather from them profit, love, hope and salvation, which are serviceable ooth to the soul and to the body, and that we may sing to Thee constant praise without ceasing, at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
On Memorials and during the Fast , except on Sundays of the Fast ,
pray ,
O wise Ruler, Who wonderfully carest for Thy household, O great Treasury, Who pourest forth in Thy pitifulness all aids and blessings, we beseech Thee, turn, O my Lord, pity and have mercy on us as Thou art
wont at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
When the deacon who reads the Apostle says , Bless, O my Lord, the priest answers , Christ give thee wisdom by His holy doctrine, and make thee a pure mirror to those that hearken to thee.
These lections are usually two, and always from the Old Testament or the Acts.
it. The Beginning. ’ Used for a few verses of the Psalms prefixed to the Anthems in the daily services, and appointed in other places, as here before the Apostle,
1 A Lesson from St. Paul.
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( 5 )
\Turgama 1 before the Apostle , by all ; they go down to the nave
and sing it in two choirs antiphonally . O ye who have been invited by the great Purpose to the living wedding feast of the banquet of the King of those in heaven and those on earth/ Behold the fire of the gospel, and cleanse away all worldly thoughts from your minds with the Divine furnace/ The Lord hath opened the treasure of benefits before those who made request to Him, and hath said: Come, receive the deed of remission of your trespasses, O ye sinners/ Purify your heart, and be converted like children and become inheritors of the kingdom on high and members of the household/ Lo, the gospel is preached to you by spiritual voices and opens for you the road to earthly blessings/ It is meet that ye turn from the laws of children to the laws of truth, like Paul the son of the Hebrews/ Armed was he when the Lord saw him zealous in Israel, and called him to be zealous among the people of the Christians/ See, lo, he was blinded to the commands of the law, and his eyes were opened by the commands of Jesus/ He drove from his soul all false thoughts and became an apostle and preached His power among the Greeks/ It is fit that we should listen to his glorious and true words which he preaches now in his Epistle to the (Galatians, or Corinthians, or Romans, or Ephesians, etc.)
The Apostle .
They say , Glory be to the Lord of Paul.]
When the priest descends from the Bema 2 and comes to the door of the holy placep he and the deaco?i both incline , and the deacon says , Let us pray. Peace be with us.
The priest prays in a low voice , Thee, O Brightness of the Father’s glory, and Image of the Person of Him that begat Thee, Who wast revealed in the body of our humanity, and didst enlighten the darkness of our mind
1 lit . “ Interpretation ” = homily. The use of a Turgama here and before the Gospel, dates only from Gregory Bar-Hebraeus, and is now obsolete in practice. It is not mentioned in the rubrics of the Takhsa. The form above is invariable, but that before the Gospel varies according to the season.
The space between the sanctuary and the low wall across the nave. See Maclean and Brownes “The Catholicos of the East and his People,” p. 292.
3 Or “ altar,” i.e, the place where the altar stands.
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( 6 j
by the light of Thy gospel, we confess and worship and glorify at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever. And when the priest goes to make ready the Gospel , Glory to the everlasting mercies which sent Thee unto us, O Christ the light of the world and the life of all for ever. Amen.
And when he takes it up to go out [of the Sanctuary ], Give us wisdom by Thy law, and enlighten our impulses by Thy knowledge, sanctify our souls by Thy truth, and grant that we may be obedient to Thy words and may fulfil Thy commands, at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
For the Censer . O my Lord, let that same sweet odour which breathed forth from Thee when Mary the sinner poured sweet-smelling ointment on Thy head, be mingled with this incense which we place to Thine honour, and for the pardon of our debts and of our sins, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.1
The deacon says in an audible voice , Let us stand ready to hear the holy gospel. If it be a day of the mysteries ,2 he says , Be calm and still. The priest proceeds > saying , Peace be with you. They answer , And with thee and with thy spirit.3 He reads the Gospel , a?id when he concludes , they say , Glory to Christ our Lord.
During its recitatio?i they both go , a deaco?i to take the censer , and the priest to cense the paten . [He says , This paten is blessed, like the paten of the blessed
A deacon says the Karuzutha* Father of mercies, and that which follows it [standing outside the sanctuary^.
[Let us all stand up, as is right, with joy and rejoicing ; [on week days in sorrow and care ;) let us beseech and say, Our Lord, have mercy upon us.
sonor.
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It is a few verses of the Psalms, like the
Here is recited the Zumara, lit. “ the Shuraya.
The modern Syrians do not understand the meaning of this rubric.
’ Turgama before the Gospel. This and the Zumara are variable.
U. proclamation,” or “ preaching,” from kerusso. It is partly a bidding prayer and
part y a ^ny. There are several of them in all the offices, and they are always said by a
eacon. This Karuzutha is said daily in the morning and evening offices during most of
t e year ut is usually abbreviated by passing from the end of the first part to “ Pray and
esire o od the Lord of all ” (p. 9). This Karuzutha is not printed in the Takhsa. See
note 1, p. 1.
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( 7 )
The people answer , Our Lord, have mercy upon us.
He proceeds , Father of mercies, and God of all consolation, we beseech Thee. Answer . Our Lord, etc. ( and so after each clause ).
Deacon. Our Saviour, Who carest for us, and suppliest all things, we etc.
For the peace, safety and security of all the world and all the churches, we etc.
For our land and for all lands and for those who dwell in them in faith, we etc.
For a moderate climate and a seasonable year, the fruits and produce of the earth, and prosperity of all the world, we for the etc.
For the welfare of our holy fathers Mar . . ,,3 and all those who serve under them, we etc.
For the kings who have power in this world, we etc*
O merciful Lord, Who in mercy governest all, we etc.
For orthodox presbyters and deacons, and all our brotherhood in Christ, we etc.*
O Thou Who art rich in mercy and over¬ flowing with compassion, we etc.
O Thou Who art before all worlds and
Whose power is strong unto all generations, we etc*
O Thou Who art by nature good and the Giver of all good things, we etc.
Apostles in the upper chamber. O Creator of sweet herbs and pleasant spices ; in the name of the Father, etc.
At this time also the ma apra , or outer vest¬ ment , is' put on?\ The priest takes the paten , and goes and puts on it as many loaves 1 as he chooses , and sets the paten on the treasury 2 until the Karuzutha be ended
During the Karuzutha those in the nave sing the proper Anthem of the Gospel.
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Chrkr “fift^orn ” When the bread is first blessed it is so called, in allusion to
Chr,st the Firstborn of all creatures. (See Renaudot, Lit. Or. ii. 62.)
3 ^,recess ,in north wall of the sanctuary.
4 -pi 6 Pa^r*arc^> the metropolitan and the bishop of the diocese.
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( 8 )
O Thou Who wiliest not the death of a sinner but rather that he should repent of his
wickedness and live, we etc.1
O Thou Who art glorified in heaven and
worshipped on earth, we etc.
O Thou Who in Thy holy [Nativity2] madest the earth to rejoice and the heavens to be glad, we etc.1
O Thou Who by nature hast immortality and dwellest in the light on high, we etc.
O Saviour of all men and specially of them that believe in Thee, we etc?
Save all of us, O Christ our Lord, by Thy grace; increase in us Thy peace and tranquillity, and have mercy upon us.
Another.
Deacon. Let us pray. Peace be with us.
Let us pray and desire of God the Lord of all.
Amen. That He may hear the voice of our prayer, and receive our petition, and have mercy upon us.
For the holy Catholic Church, here and everywhere, let us pray and desire of God the Lord of all. Amen [and so for every clause ).
That His peace and tranquillity may abide within her until the end of the world.
For our fathers the bishops, let us pray etc. That they may stand at the head of their dioceses without blame or stain all the days of their life.
Especially for the welfare of our holy These clauses are only said on Sundays, festivals of our Lord, and memorials of
saints.
The name of the festival of our Lord last preceding is here inserted.
The proper Anthem of the Gospel .
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( 9 )
fathers Mar,1 ... let us pray, etc. That He may keep and uphold them at the head of all their dioceses ; that they may feed, serve, make ready for the Lord, a perfect people, zealous of good and noble works.
For presbyters and deacons who are in this service of the truth, let us pray, etc. That with a good heart and with pure thoughts they may serve before Him.
For all the discreet and holy congregation, children of the holy Catholic Church, let us pray, etc. That they may accomplish their good and holy course, and receive from the Lord hope and promise in the land of life.
For the memorial of blessed Mart Mariam the holy Virgin, mother of Jesus our Saviour and Lifegiver, let us pray, etc . That the Holy Ghost Who dwelt in her may sanctify us by His grace and perfect His will in us and seal in us His truth all the days of our life.
For the memorial of the prophets and apostles and martyrs and confessors let us pray, etc. That by their prayers and sufferings He may give us with them a good hope and salvation, and make us worthy of their blessed memorial
and their living and true promise in the kingdom of heaven.
For the memorial of our holy fathers Mar Diodorus, Mar Theodorus, Mar Nestorius, bishops and teachers of the truth, and Mar Ephraim, Mar Nersai, and Mar Abraham, and all the holy, ancient and true teachers, let us pray, etc . That by their prayers and petitions the pure truth of the doctrine of their religion
The patriarch, the metropolitan, and the bishop of the diocese.
c
The proper Anthem of the Gospel '.
( 10 )
and of their faith may be kept in all the holy Catholic Church till the end of the world.
For the memorial of our fathers and brothers, faithful and true, who have died and departed from this world in this true faith and orthodox religion, let us pray, etc . That He may loose and forgive their transgressions and offences, and make them worthy to have joy with the just and righteous who were approved by His will.
For this country and its inhabitants, for this town [or, village] and those who dwell in it, for this house and those who care for it, and especially for this congregation, let us pray, etc. That He may take away from us by His grace the sword, captivity, robbery, earthquakes, famine, pestilence, and all evil plagues which are against the body.
For those who err from this true faith, and are held in the snares of Satan, let us pray, etc. That He may turn the hardness of their hearts, and make them to know that God the Father of truth, is one, and His Son Jesus Christ our Lord.
For those who are grievously sick, and tried by evil spirits, let us pray, etc. That He may send His Angel of mercy and healing to visit, cure, heal, help and comfort them in the multitude of His grace and mercies.
For the poor and afflicted, orphans and widows, the harassed, troubled and grieved in spirit in this world, let us pray, etc. That H<* may give them what they need by His grace, provide for them in His pitifulness, comfort them in His compassion and deliver them from whoso governs them with force and fraud.
! The proper Anthem of the GospeL
( X! )
Pray ye and desire of God the Lord of all : that ye may be to Him a kingdom, holy priests and people. Cry to the mighty Lord God with all your heart and all your soul. For He is God, the Father of compassion, merciful and pitiful, Who willeth not that those whom He hath fashioned should perish, but repent and live before Him. And especially must we pray to, confess, worship, glorify, honour and exalt one God, the adorable Father, Lord of all, Who by His Christ wrought a good hope and salvation for our souls: that He may fulfil in us His grace and mercy and compassion until the end. Amen. The deacon proceeds. With petition and with beseeching we ask for an Angel of peace and mercy. Answer. From Thee, O Lord.
Night and day, throughout our life, we ask for continual peace for Thy Church and life without sin. Answer. From Thee, O Lord.
We ask continual love, which is the bond of perfectness, with the confirmation of the Holy Ghost. Answer. From Thee, O Lord.
We ask for forgiveness of sins and those things which help our lives and propitiate Thy Godhead. Answer. From Thee, O Lord.
We ask the mercy and compassion of the Lord continually and at all times. Answer. From Thee, O Lord.
Let us commit ourselves and one another to the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Answer. To Thee, O Lord our God.]
<50
V.
When the Karuzutha is ended , the priest says, O Lord God of hosts, we pray and beseech Thee, fulfil in us Thy grace, and pour forth
( 12 )
r HI,8 H h Thy,gf ’ f8 T{ t,e. merC,K and c°ni passion of Thy Godhead be for the pardon of the debts of Thy people, and for remiss^
of sms to all the sheep of Thy pasture, whom Thou hast chosen for
Thyself in Thy grace and mercies, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
The deacons say with a loud voice , Bow your heads for the I of hands and receive the blessing.
m position
And the people bow their heads , the deacons also , and the priest inclining himself. ; repeats this Imposition of hands secretly in a low voice: O Lord God of hosts, repeat , Thine is the holy Catholic Church, which, by the great Passion of Thy Christ, was purchased [to be] the sheep of Thy pasture ; and through the grace of the Holy Spirit, Who is of one essence with Thy glorious Godhead, are the degrees of the Imposition of hands of the true priesthood given. In Thy pitifulness, O my Lord, Thou hast made us who are of feeble and frail nature, worthy to become appointed members in the great body of the holy Catholic Church, and to administer spiritual aids to the souls of the faithful. Do Thou therefore, my Lord, fulfil in us Thy grace and pour forth through us Thy gift, and may the mercies and compassion of Thy Godhead be upon us and upon this people which Thou hast chosen for Thyself. He raises his voice and says, And grant unto us, my Lord, in Thy compassion, that we may all together and equally, all the days of our life, please Thy Godhead, in good works of righteousness, acceptable and well-pleasing to the glorious will of Thy Sovereignty, and that we may be worthy, by the aid of Thy grace, to lift up to Thee praise and honour and confession and adoration, at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
The deacons enter the holy place and say , Whoso hath not received baptism, let him depart ; whoso doth not receive the sign of life, let him depart ; whoso doth not accept it, let him depart. Go, ye hearers, and watch the doors.
The priest goes to place the mysteries upon the altar , and when he places the vessels upon the altar , the priest takes the paten and the deacon the chalice , and [the choir\ begin the Anthem.
I waited confidently for The priest takes the paten in his left hand , the Lord. The Body of and the chalice in his right , crossing his hands.
Christ and His precious Blood are on the holy
altar. In awe and love
let us all draw near unto Him, and with the angels let us cry aloud unto Him, Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God.
The poor shall eat and be satisfied. The Body of Christ and His precious Blood are on the holy
altar. In awe and love
let us all draw near unto Him, and with the angels let us cry aloud unto Him, Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God.
( *3 )
The deacon says , Let us pray. Peace be with us. The priest saysy Let us lift up praise to Thy glorious Trinity at every season for ever. May Christ, Who was sacrificed for our salva¬ tion and Who commanded us to make a commemoration of His Death and Burial and Resurrection, accept this sacrifice at our hands, in His grace and mercies for ever. Amen. He strikes the chalice and paten together three times , and each time he says , By Thy command, our Lord and our God, repeat , these glorious, holy, life-giving and divine mysteries are set and ordered on the absolving altar, until the coming of our Lord the second time from heaven, to Whom be glory at every season for ever. Amen.
He arranges the mysteries on the altar and covers them carefully with a veil .
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit . Upon the holy altar let there be a memorial of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of Christ. From everlasting and for ever and ever . Amen . O apostles of the
Son and lovers of the Only-Begotten, pray that there may be peace in creation.
Let all the people say Ameny Amen . Thy memorial, O our Father,1
• • • is upon the holy altar, with the just who have overcome and the
martyrs who have been crowned. Or this : Lo all the departed have
fallen asleep in hope in Thee, that at the glorious resurrection Thou wilt raise them in glory.
They go out to the nave , and the priest gives the Cross and the Gospel to the deacons to hold , and says , May Christ our Lord make you worthy to receive Him with open face. Amen.
They bind the veil and the priest begins the appointed Anthem of the Mysteries and those who are within the holy place repeat it .
1 The name of the patron saint is inserted here.
a i.e. loop up the veil, drawing it aside.
( x4 )
The priest prostrates himself towards the four sides of the hema ; first he prostrates hitnself towards the east twice , then to the fight , then to the east once , and arises. Then he prostrates himself to the east twice to the left once , to the east once , and to the west. He says the Gloria in the Anthem of the Mysteries , and goes down and gives the P eace to the people. W^hen he comes towards the deacons , they prostrate themselves towards one another face to face , and he says to them ; May God the Lord of all, be content with your ministrations and adorn you with all beauty and enrich you with all the gifts of His bounty for ever and ever.
When he comes to the door of the sanctuary , that is the holy place , he prostrates himself saying ; Our hearts being sprinkled and pure from evil conscience, may we be made worthy to enter the Holy of Holies high and exalted ; and in purity, watchfulness and holiness may we stand before Thy holy altar, and offer to Thee spiritual and reasonable sacrifices in the true faith.
He proceeds , Thou art good and dost not always chide, neither keepest anger for ever; turn Thy face from my sins and blot out all my offences, in the great multitude of Thy pitifulness, O Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever. If there be not time he says : Our Lord Jesus Christ be with us all in His grace and mercies for ever. Amen.
[The proper Anthem of the Mysteries .
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit .
[A proper verse follows ) From everlasting and for ever and ever . Make 1 the right hand of Thy mercy, O our Lord Jesus, to overshadow and abide on Thy people and the sheep of Thy pasture. Lord, Thy mercy is for ever on Thy worshippers; cast not the works of Thy hands into the hands of the Evil One. Make true, Lord, Thy promise which Thou madest to the (ory Thy) Twelve, saying: I am with you unto the end of days. Be with us as .with Thy Apostles by the help of Thy grace. * And deliver us from temptations, and give us time full of peace, that we may confess and worship and glorify Thy great and holy Name at all times. Repeat thrice from the asterisk .]
The priest goes up to the door of the holy place , and prostrates himself and stands up , stretching forth his hands , saying with a loud voice ,
1 Invariable verse.
( IS )
We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God ; the Only- begotten, the Firstborn of all creatures, Begotten of His Father before all worlds and not made; very God of very God, of one essence with His Father ; by Whose hands the worlds were established and everything was created. Who for us men and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit and became man, and was conceived and born of the Virgin Mary ; He suffered and was crucified in the days of Pontius Pilate ; He was buried and He rose again on the third day as it is written ; and ascended into heaven and sat down on the right hand of His Father; and He shall come again to judge the dead and the living. And in one Holy Spirit, the Spirit of truth, Who proceedeth from the Father, the life-giving Spirit. And in one holy, apostolic, catholic Church. And we confess one baptism for the remission of sins ; and the resurrection of our bodies, and the life for ever and ever. Amen.
They go in quickly and prostrate themselves thrice , and when the priest prostrates himself before the altar , he says, God the Lord of all be with us all, in us all, in His grace and mercies for ever. Amen. Here the priest washes his hand.s, and they make the sign of the cross [ in the air with joined hands J towards all the \_four\ crosses of the holy place l1
The priest turns his face to the altar and offers three genuflexions , at each genuflexion drawing nearer , and at the beginning of the genuflexions he begins this Kushapap saying it softly with his lips .
Glory to Thee, O Finder of the lost. Glory to Thee, O Gatherer of the dispersed. Glory to Thee, Who bringest near them that are far off. Glory to Thee, Who turnest the erring to the knowledge of the truth.
The priest says to the deacon who has concluded p
God, the Lord of all, strengthen thee to sing His praises.
The deacons say the karu- zutha [following^ Let us pray; peace be with us. Pray ye for the memorial of our fathers the Catholici
<ju me norm
•,4 r u ^OGS ^*0r t^lls PurPose into the Baptistery, which is also a vestry, etc.,
Sl e ^ * e sanctuary* Water must not be brought into the sanctuary.
ese are crosses marked in oil at the consecration of the church on each wall of the sanctuary, ut they are not visible crosses. 3 Meaning obscure.
5 ° keseecL’ngr ; always said kneeling and in a low voice.
ai very s owly, so as to last till the end of the prayer, “ Yea, our Lord and our God.”
( *6 )
Glory to Thee, my Lord, Who hast called me, even frail me, in Thy grace, and hast drawn me near unto Thee in Thy compassion, and hast set me as an appointed member in the great body of Thy holy catholic Church, that I may offer before Thee this living and holy and acceptable sacrifice, which is the memorial of the Passion and of the Death and of the Burial and of the Resurrection of our Lord and our Saviour Jesus Christ, in Whom Thou wast well-pleased and reconciled to forgive the sins of all mankind.
Here I inform thy love , 0 my Lord,' that as the priest draws near before the altar , just when he draws near and says the Kushapa , he prostrates himself until he has come to the altar , then he prostrates himself and rises and kisses the middle [of the altar], then he prostrates himself and rises and kisses the right horn, then he prostrates himself and rises and kisses the left horn , then the middle , then the right side , then the left side. And he faces those on the right side while he is inclined on the left side, and he prostrates himself towards them , saying ;
Bless, O my Lord. My brethren, pray for me, that this oblation may be fulfilled by my hands.
They return answer to him , God, the Lord of all, strengthen thee to perfect His will, and accept thine oblation, and be well-pleased with thy sacrifice, for us, and for thyself, and for the four regions of the world, by the grace of His compassion for ever. Amen.
and Bishops; and of all priests and deacons and young men and virgins; and of all who have died and departed from this world in the true faith ; and of all our fathers and brethren ; of all our sons and daughters ; of all faithful kings, lovers of Christ ; of all prophets and apostles ; of all martyrs and confessors here and in every place ; that God may crown them at the resurrection from the dead, and give to us with them a good hope and portion and inheritance and life in the kingdom of heaven. May this oblation be ac¬ cepted with openness of face and be consecrated by the Word of God and by the Holy Spirit, that it may be to us for help and for salvation and for life eternal in the kingdom of heaven by the grace of Christ.
This is merely a courteous way of giving information to the reader, = Beloved Master, pray observe.
( 17 )
! Then he repeats , Glory to Thee, O Finder of the lost, while he prostrates himself and rises and kisses the ?niddle [of the altar\ in like manner the right and left sidesy and offers a genuflexion ; he rises and kisses the middle and the right and left sides . And he faces those on the lefty while he is himself on the right , saying ;
Bless, O my Lord. Pray for me, my brethren and my beloved, that I may be worthy to offer before our Lord Christ this living and holy sacrifice, for myself and for the whole body of the holy Church, by the grace of His compassion for ever. Amen.
! They return answer to hi?ny God, the Lord of all, be well-pleased with thy sacrifice and accept thine oblation, which thou dost offer for us and for thee, in His grace and mercies for ever. Amen. Then he says , Glory to Thee, O Finder of the lost ^prostrating himself according to the previous order ; and when the deacon saysy May the oblation be accepted, the priest prostrates himself towards himy saying thus : For all the living and the dead is this oblation offered ; may it be accepted from my sinfulness before the awful judgment- seat of Thy majesty, O our Lord, with open face. Then the priest descends quickly from the raised place , and turns his face towards the deacon who has concluded , and prostrates hi?nself towards himy saying thus : Christ confirm thy words and accept the fruits of thy lips and pardon the trespasses and sins of all those who hearken to thee. Then he turns his face towards the altar and offers
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( i8 )
a genuflexion , and kneels down until the conclusion of the karuzutha ; and while he is on his knees , he repeats this prayer in a low voice , in his heart , supplicatingly.
Kushapa.1
Yea, our Lord and our God, repeat , look not on the multitude of our sins and let not Thy sovereignty abhor the weight of our iniquities ; but in Thine unspeakable grace do Thou accept this sacrifice from our hands and endue it with virtue and efficacy, that it may obtain the pardon of our many sins ; that when Thou art revealed at the end of the times, in the humanity which Thou tookest of us, we may find grace and mercies before Thee and may be made worthy to glorify Thee with the spiritual multitudes.
When the karuzutha is concluded he rises and kisses the altar , and repeats the g hantha 1 without stretching forth his hands before the altar. And know that here he may not stretch forth his hands at all , because he has not received confidence. But at the other g hanthas he stretches out his hands after he has acquired confidence , and at every g hantha he prostrates himself before the altar , at the beginning and at the end. And he shall stand about one cubit from the altar , and the space between his hands shall be the same ; and he shall bow his head as low
as to his knees, and at the conclusion of every g' hantha he shall prostrate himself and kiss the middle of the altar.
1 See note 4, p. 15.
“ Prayer of inclining,” said with bent head and in a low voice.
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( J9 )
THEN HE OFFERS THE HALLOWING OF THE BLESSED APOSTLES, MAR ADAI AND MAR MARI, WHO MADE DISCIPLES OF THE EAST.
They consecrate according to this from Saturday of the Resurrection until the Annunciation and on \_Memorials of~\ the Departed ; and on Memorials of Saints and on ordinary days. The priest says, Bless, O my Lord; bless, O my Lord; bless, O my Lord.2 My brethren, pray for me. They answer, Christ hear thy prayers, Christ accept thine oblation, Christ make thy priesthood to shine in the kingdom of heaven and be well-pleased with this sacrifice which thou dost offer for thyself and for us and for all the whole world, which looks and waits for His grace and mercies for ever.
The priest repeats this first ghantha of the Apostles in a low voice .
Ghantha.
We confess, O my Lord, the overflowing riches of Thy grace towards us repeat , in that, although we ar.e sinners and weak, yet in the multitude of Thy pitifulness Thou hast made us worthy to administer the holy mysteries of the Body and Blood of Thy Christ. We ask for help from Thee for the strengthening of our souls, * that in entire love and true faith we may administer Thy gift towards us. Repeat the beginning and the end of each ghantha [from the asterisk].
Canon?
And that we may lift up to Thee praise and honour and confession and
adoration, now and always and for ever and ever. He crosses himself \ and the people answer , Amen.
ia. from Easter Eve till Advent.
TJe P^ase Barikh Mar (“ Bless, O my Lord ”), as understood by the Eastern Syrians, • ? a ?"eSSe t0 * e celebrant, or to a bishop or metropolitan present, but to God. It is sung nf ceremony when in the mouth of the priest; he bows to the east, once to the middle
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ry canon the priest makes a genuflexion and raises his voice.
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The priest continues , Peace be with you. They answer , And with thee and with thy spirit. The deacon says , Give the Peace one to another in the love of Christ. They give the Peace one to another , saying , For all catholici, bishops, presbyters and deacons, and the whole company of the departed of the congregation of the Church ; and for the life and peace of the world ; and for the crowning of the year, that it may be blessed and fulfilled by Thy grace; and for every child of the Church who is worthy to receive this oblation that is before Thee ; and for all Thy servants and handmaids who stand before Thee at this moment ; for all of them and for us all may this oblation be accepted for ever. Amen.
They make the procession of the Peace 1 and read the Diptychs ,2 that iSj the Book of the Living and the Dead .
The priest says in a low voice
Kushapa .
O Lord God of hosts, repeat , help my weakness by Thy pitifulness, and by the assistance of Thy grace make me worthy to offer before Thee this living and holy sacrifice, for the aid of the whole body and to the praise of Thy glorious Trinity, O Father and Son and Holy Ghost for ever.
The priest stands up and lifts the veil from the mysteries , and winds it about the chalice and the paten , saying, O my Lord, Who in Thy grace hast made me worthy of Thy Body and Thy Blood, make me also
The deacon says , Let us all in purity and groaning confess and beseech and supplicate the Lord. With reverence stand and behold those things which are performed in the awful mysteries which are being consecrated. The priest has drawn near to pray, that by his mediation peace may be multiplied unto you. Cast your eyes downwards and lift up your minds to heaven.
The deacon says , Vigilantly and earnestly seek and supplicate at this moment. Let none dare to speak. Whoso prays, let him pray in his heart. In silence and
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person, and stands behind him" j ,°Wn t0 h‘S HpS’ and does the same t0 the first
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worthy of openness of face before in awe stand ye and pray, Peace
Thee in the day of judgment. Amen. be with us.
Prayer of the Incense .
Mayest Thou be pleased, our Lord and our God, with the sweet savour which we offer to Thee before Thy holy altar, within Thy glorious temple. May it be for the gladness of Thy holy Name, and for the pardon of Thy servants and of Thy flock, O Father and Son and Holy Spirit
for ever.
77 \e priest says to the deacon , Christ strengthen thee to do His will con¬ tinually. He proceeds ,
Canon .
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God the Father and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit, be with us all, now, always and for ever and ever. He signs the 7nysteries , and they answer , Amen.
He proceeds .
Lift up your minds. They answer , Unto Thee, the God of Abraham, of Isaac and of Israel, O glorious King.
He proceeds .
The oblation is offered to God, the Lord of all. They answer , It is meet and right. [He elevates his hands at every canon which has not the word Now.) The deacoti says , Peace be with us. The priest kneels down and prays secretly , sayings in a low voice ,
Kushapa .
Lord, Lord, grant us openness of face before Thee, that with freedom
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service, our consciences being pure from all evil and bitterness. Sow
among us love, peace and concord towards each other and towards all men.
He arises and kisses the altar . Now it 7nust be 7nade known , that at the beginning of every ghantha and at its conclusion , he tnakes a genuflexion and kisses the altar . And the priest proceeds , stretching out his hands in due order , and sayings
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G'hantha.
Worthy of glory from every mouth, repeat , and of confession by every tongue, and of adoration and exaltation from all creatures, is the adorable and glorious name of Thy glorious Trinity, Father and Son and Holy Spirit. Who didst create the world in Thy grace and its inhabitants in Thy pitifulness ; Who didst save mankind by Thy com¬ passion and hast showed great grace unto mortals. Thousand thousands of those on high bless and adore Thy Majesty, O my Lord; and ten thousand times ten thousand holy angels, and hosts of spiritual beings, ministers of fire and spirit, glorify thy name ; * with the holy cherubin and spiritual seraphin, offering adoration to Thy Sovereignty,
Canon .
crying and praising without ceasing, calling one to another and saying ; 'They answer , Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of hosts. Heaven and earth are full of Thy praises and of the nature of Thy Being and of the excellency of Thy glorious splendour. Hosanna in the highest. Hosanna to the son of David. Blessed be He Who came and Who cometh in the Name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest. And at each crying of Holy, the priest makes a genuflexion before the altar . He kneels down , and says ,
Kushapa .
Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of hosts. Heaven and earth are full of Thy praises and of the essence of Thy Being and of the excellency of Thy glorious splendour; as saith the Lord, Heaven and earth are filled by Me. Holy art Thou, God the Father of truth, of Whom all fatherhood in heaven and on earth is named. Holy art Thou, everlasting Son, by Whose hand all things were. Holy art Thou, Spirit of Holiness, Being through Whom all things are sanctified. Woe is me. Woe is me. For I am amazed ; because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell amongst a people of unclean lips ; and mine eyes have seen the King, the Lord of hosts. How awful is this place, for to-day have I seen the Lord face to face. This is none other than the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven. And now let Thy grace be upon us, Lord, repeat , and purge
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our uncleanness and sanctify our lips and mingle, O my Lord, the voices of our feebleness with the Holy of the seraphin, and the hallelujahs of the angels. Glory be to Thy mercies Who hast made creatures of dust partakers with spiritual beings.
He arises , and says , Bless, O my Lord. Bless, O my Lord. Bless, O my Lord. My brethren, pray for me. He repeats , in a low voice ,
G'hantha.
With those heavenly hosts we confess Thee, O my Lord, repeat , even we Thy servants, weak and frail and miserable. For Thou hast shown great grace unto us which cannot be repaid, in that Thou didst put on our humanity that Thou mightest quicken us by Thy divinity, and Thou hast exalted our low estate and hast restored us from our fall, Thou hast raised us out of a state of death and Thou hast forgiven our debts and justified us from our guilt, Thou hast enlightened our knowledge, # and hast condemned, O our Lord and our God, our enemies, and hast granted victory to the weakness of our frail nature in the abundant mercies of Thy grace.
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THE WORDS
OF OUR LORD.1
[Our Lord Jesus, in the same night in which He was betrayed, took bread, and blessed and brake, and said, Take, eat; this is My Body which is broken for you ; this be ye doing for My memorial. Likewise after they had supped, He gave the cup also, and said, This cup is the new testament in My Blood ; this be ye doing, as oft as ye drink for My memorial.]
Or read as it is written in the other Liturgies .
Canon .
For all Thy aids and graces towards us, let us lift up to Thee praise
1 The words of institution are not written in the Apostles’ Liturgy. It is thought that they were always recited, and it is at this part of the service that they are found in the other East Syrian liturgies.
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( 24 )
and honour and cqnfession and adoration, now always and for ever and ever. He signs the mysteries , and they answer , Amen.
The deacon says , Pray in your minds. Peace be with us. The priest proceeds to this kushapa kneelings and saying secretly ;
Kushapa.
Lord God of hosts, accept this oblation for all the holy catholic Church and for all the just and righteous fathers who have been well¬ pleasing to Thee ; for all prophets and apostles ; for all martyrs and confessors ; for all mourners and afflicted ; for all the needy and harassed ; for all the sick and distressed ; for all the departed who have gone forth and migrated from amongst us ; for this people which looks and waits for Thy mercies; * and for my frailty and misery and poverty, repeat. Yea, our Lord and our God, according to Thy mercies and the multitude of Thy graces, deal Thou towards Thy people and towards my misery, not according to my sins and offences, but so that I and these may be made worthy of the pardon of trespasses and the forgiveness of sins, through this holy Body, which we take in true faith by grace which is from Thee. Amen.
Kushapa of the Departed .'
I worship Thy grace, O my Lord, and I confess Thy pitifulness, in that though I am unworthy because of my sins, Thou hast brought me near unto Thee in Thy compassion, and hast appointed me a minister and mediator of these glorious and holy mysteries. I desire of Thee, and beseech Thy Sovereignty, that they may be for the peace and safety of the world, for the preservation of Thy holy Church, for the increase of the true faith, for the exaltation of the righteous, for the absolution of sinners, for the acceptance of the penitent, for the return of those who are far off, for the encouragement of the. weak, for the refreshing of the harassed, for the comforting of the distressed, for the healing of the sick, for the support of the poor and for a good memorial of the departed, and do Thou to all of us, O my Lord, such things as are helpful and approved by Thy Sovereignty. * Yea, Lord God of hosts, repeat , may this oblation be accepted in the heights above, from my hands, miserable and offending
This is only used at memorials of the dead, in addition to or instead of the foregoing.
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( 25 )
sinner [though I be] ; even as the oblation of Abel in the field and of Noah in the ark and of Abraham in the sacrifice of his son and of Elijah in mount Horeb and of the widow at the treasury and of the apostles in the upper room, and with the oblation of the just and righteous fathers, who from generation to generation have offered their oblation. Yea, our Lord and our God, may this oblation be accepted for all the holy Catholic Church, that it may be established and kept immovable ; for priests and kings and rulers that they may be established in the peace of the churches and in the safety of their borders ; for the poor and needy and harassed ; for the mournful and distressed and tormented ; for all the departed, who have separated and passed awav from amongst us ; and for all those who stand before Thy holy altar and make request and prayer through me a sinner. O grant their requests, pardon their debts and blot out their sins. And for this land and them that dwell therein ; for this village and its inhabi¬ tants ; surround it, my Lord, with a strong wall, and turn away from it in Thy grace hail and famine and death and the flying locust and the moth and the crawling locust, and let not the spoiler have power over us nor let the enemy rejoice over us; for N. and M., he names the cause or the matter [of intercession ], kneeling before the altar , and every cause of his own or of others he here brings before God . A?id he arises and saysy Bless, O my Lord ; bless, O my Lord; bless, O my Lord; My brethren, pray for me. He proceeds to repeat i?i a low voicey
G'hantha.
Do Thou, my Lord, in Thy many and unspeakable mercies, repeat , make a good and acceptable memorial for all the just and righteous fathers who have been well-pleasing before Thee, in the commemoration of the body and blood of Thy Christ which we offer to Thee upon Thy pure and holy altar, as Thou hast taught us, and grant us Thy safety and Thy peace all the days of the world. * Yea, our Lord and our God, grant us Thy safety and Thy peace all the days of the world, repeat , that all the inhabitants of the earth may know Thee, that Thou art God, the only true Father, and Thou didst send our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son and Thy Beloved, and He, our Lord and our God, came and in His life-giving gospel taught us all the purity and holiness 'ff the prophets and apostles, of.
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( 26 )
the martyrs and confessors, of the bishops and doctors, of the priests and deacons and of all the children of the holy catholic Church, even those who have been signed with the living sign of holy baptism. And when he says [the word~\ signed, let him sign the throne 1 from below upwards and from right to left , inclining the while . Here he strikes his face with his hands . We also, my Lord, repeat three times Thy weak, frail and miserable servants, who are assembled in Thy name and stand before Thee at this moment, have by tradition received the example from Thee, rejoicing and glorifying and exalting and commemorating and celebrating unto Thee this great and awful and holy and life-giving and divine mystery, of the passion and death and burial and resurrection of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. AND MAY THY HOLY SPIRIT, O MY LORD,2 come and rest upon this oblation of Thy servants, and may He bless it and hallow it and may it be to us, O my Lord, for the pardon of debts and for the forgiveness of sins and for the great hope of resurrection from the dead and for new life in the kingdom of heaven, with all those who have been well-pleasing to Thee. For all this great and wonderful dispensation towards us, * we give Thee thanks and glorify Thee without ceasing, within Thy Church redeemed by the precious blood of Thy Christ, with unclosed mouths and unveiled faces. When the priest says , May He come, O my Lord, he arises and elevates his hands , and the deacon saysy In silence and in awe stand ye and pray. Peace be with us.
Canon.
Lifting up glory and honour and confession and adoration, to
Thy living and holy and life-giving Name, now always and for ever and
ever. He signs the mysteries, and they answer , Amen. He offers a
genuflexion before the altary but let him not kneel, [ffdere the veil is closed .]
He proceeds.
O Christ, the peace of those above and the great tranquillity of those below, grant, my Lord, that Thy peace and tranquillity may abide on the four quarters of the world and especially within Thy holy catholic 1 Throne = altar.
i tW° wor^s the Invocation, which are generally written large, give the name
by which it is known ; viz. Nit hi Mar, ” May He come O my Lord.”
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( 27 )
Church. Grant peace to the priesthood and to the realm, make wars to cease from the ends of the earth, scatter the divided peoples who desire war, that we may lead a calm and quiet life in all temperance and in
the fear of God.
He proceeds .
I thank Thee, my Father, Lord of heaven and earth, Father and Son and Holy Spirit; that though I am a sinner and weak yet, because of the abundance of Thy pitifulness, Thou hast in Thy grace made me worthy to offer before Thee these mysteries, awful and holy and lifegiving and divine, of the body and blood of Thy Christ, so that I may minister to Thy people and the sheep of Thy pasture, the pardon of their debts and the forgiveness of their sins and the salvation of their souls and the reconciliation of the whole world and the peace and tranquillity of all the churches.
He proceeds.
[Ps. li. ver. i.] Have mercy upon me, O God, according to Thy grace.* O King Christ,2 have mercy upon me. * According to the multitude of Thy mercies, blot out my sins. * O King Christ, glory to Thy name. * Wash me throughly from my wickedness. * O King Christ, have mercy upon me. \_So on , alternately , to the end of the psalmd\
[Ps. cxxiii.] Unto Thee have I raised mine eyes. [ And so on , without farcing , to the first clause of ver. 3.] I have washed my hands in purity, and I have encompassed Thine altar, O Lord.
\fiere the priest goes a second ti?ne to the baptistery 3 and washes his hands.~\
Prayer of the Incense.
May our prayer and our petition be pleasant unto Thee, our Lord and our God, and may the savour of our pleasant censer be for Thy rest, even as the censer of Aaron the priest in the tabernacle. Renew our souls together with our bodies and be reconciled to Thy creation for Thy many mercies sake, O Creator of pleasant roots and sweet spices, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
i.e. Church and State. • Qr> Q Anointed King. 3 See note 1, p. 15.
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( 28 )
Order of Consig?iation and of Fraction .
He begins the order of consignation and of fraction , and he draws near with outstretched hands , #0/ clasped as illiterate men do, and he censes his hands and his face with the incense , saying , Sweeten, our Lord and our God, the odour of our uncleanness and of our corruption, with the fragrant odour of the sweetness of Thy love, and purify us therewith from the stains of sin, O Good Shepherd, Who wentest forth in search of us and didst find us who were lost and willedst our return. Pardon me my debts and my sins, those which I know and those which I know not, in Thy grace and in Thy mercies. Repeat thrice , and say , Bless, O my Lord ; bless, O my Lord ; bless, O my Lord. The pitifulness of Thy grace, our Lord and our God, brings us near unto these glorious, holy, life-giving and divine mysteries, though we are unworthy repeat thrice . "The deacon answers him , In truth, my Lord, we are not worthy. Have pity on us, my Lord, for we are not worthy, through our frailty, because of our many sins. At the conclusion of each time after the words , the pitifulness of Thy grace, he folds his hands on his breast in the form of a cross and kisses the middle of the altar and the right and left [j 'ides']. He takes the uppermost loaf which is in the middle of the paten , in both his hands , not folding them , and looks upward , saying , Praise to Thy holy Name, our Lord Jesus Christ; and adoration to Thy Sovereignty at every season for ever. Amen.
For [Th ou art] the living and life-giving bread, which came down from heaven and giveth life to the whole world, for they who eat of it die not, and they who receive it are saved and absolved by
it and live in it for ever. Amen.
They answer , Amen.
\The deacons begin.1
See that it is /. I am the bread which came down from on high, said our Saviour in the mysteries to His disciples. Whosoever hath love approacheth and receiveth it and liveth for ever in Me and inheriteth the kingdom.
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit . The cherubin and seraphin and archangels in fear and
These anthems tradition.
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( 29 )
He kisses the loaf in the form of a cross , not touching it with his lips , but figuratively , from the top to the botto7n and fro?n right to left , saying ,
Glory to Thee, O my Lord ; glory to Thee, O my Lord; glory to Thee, O my Lord, for Thine unspeakable gilt towards us for ever. Amen.
They answer , Amen.
He holds the loaf firmly with both hands, saying , We draw near, O my Lord, in the true faith of Thy name, towards these holy mysteries ; we break by Thy compassion and we sign by Thy pitifulness the body and blood of our Saviour, our Lord Jesus Christ. In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit for ever. They answer , Amen. At the naming of the Trinity , he breaks the loaf that is in his hands discreetly into two halves . Now so?ne here sign the bread with their thumb at the time of the fraction , but do thou beware of such audacity . For it is not here necessary to sign, but only to break at the naming of the Trinity . Holding them in both hands , he puts that half which is in his left hand in its place , not in the former position but differently , disposing the broken side towards the chalice . And with the half that is in his right hand , he signs the Blood that is in the chalice, from east to west and from north to south , dipping a third part of the half that is in his hand into the chalice , that is a third part of both portions . So he signs the chalice with that half of the loaf , but not with the upper side and the edge , as others are wont to do, but at the part where it is broken, the front of the half facing [the chalice ]. JVh He he co:nes [i.e. signs ] from east to west, he says. The precious Blood is signed with the life- giving Body of our Lord Jesus Christ. In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit for ever. That is [he says this while signing ] from east to west towards him ; and [at the words ] and of the Holy Spirit, [he signs] fro7n north to south towards the paten . And so he signs the Body that is on the paten, in like manner, with the satne
trembling stand before the altar, and gaze at the priest breaking and dividing the body of Christ for the pardon of trespasses.
Fro7n everlasting to everlasting for ever and ever . O Thou Who in com¬ passion dost open the door to the re¬ pentant and callest sinners to come to Thee, open to us, O my Lord, the door of Thy mercies, and let us enter by it and sing glory to Thee by night and by day.]
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( 30 )
half which is in his hand , saying , The holy Body is signed with the absolving Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ. In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit for ever. They answer , Amen. He holds both halves in both hands and unites them as if they had not been broken . And let his forefingers be joined round the halvesy like a wheely and let him say ;
These glorious, holy, life-giving and divine mysteries have been set apart and consecrated, perfected and fulfilled, united and commingled, attached and sealed one to another, in the adorable and glorious name of the glorious Trinity, Father and Son and Holy Spirit, that they may be to us, O my Lord, for the pardon of debts and the forgiveness of sins and for the great hope of resurrection from the dead and for new life in the kingdom of heaven, to us and to the holy Church of Christ our Lord, here and in every place, now and always and for ever and ever.
At ]yhe word ] now he cleaves a cleft with his thumb , in that part which was dipped in the Blood . Then he puts the halves on the paten one upon the other crosswisey so that the broken part of the undermost which was held in his left hand looks towards the chalicey and the broken part of the upper one which was held in his right hand looks to the west towards the priesty so that the cleft in it shall be towards the chalice . He wipes his hands welly and signs himself on the forehead with his thumby with the sign of the CrosSy and then the deacons around himy saying:
Christ accept thy ministry. Christ make thy face to shine. Christ preserve thy life. Christ nurture thy youth.
Let him loosen the veil which was folded around the paten and the chalicey and say ;
Glory to Thee, our Lord Jesus Christ, that, although I am unworthy,
Thou hast in Thy grace appointed me a minister and mediator of Thy
glorious, holy, life-giving and divine mysteries. By the grace of Thy
compassion make me worthy of the pardon of debts and the forgiveness
of sins. And then ; Glory to Thee, O God. Glory to Thee, O eternal
Son. Glory to Thee, O Holy Spirit, Who sanctifiest all for ever. They answer , Amen.
He kisses the altar in the midsty and exclaims like one making announce7nenty saying ,• The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the
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love of God the Father and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit, be with us all ; now always and for ever and ever. They answer , Amen. He signs himself lifting his hands a little upwards on either side , because this signing is made on behalf of the people although the priest signs it on himself. \The veil is opened .]
The priest says softly to himself Blessed art Thou, O Lord God of our fathers, and glorified is Thy name for ever. For not ac¬ cording to our sins hast Thou dealt with us, but in the multi¬ tude of Thy mercies Thou hast delivered us from the power of darkness and hast bidden us to the king¬ dom of Thy Beloved Son, our Lord Jesus Christ.
While this is being said , the priest breaks the Bodyy and then
dips a cake 1 for the children .
"The deacon proclaims , Let us all in awe and reverence, draw near to the mysteries of the precious Body and Blood of our Saviour. With a pure heart and with true faith, let us remember His Passion and consider His Resurrection. For for our sakes the Only-Begotten of God took of mankind a mortal body, and a reasonable, in¬ telligent, and immortal soul. And by His life- giving laws and by His holy commands, He has brought us out of error to the knowledge of the truth. And after all His dispensation for us, He, the first-fruits of our nature, was lifted up on the cross, He rose from the dead and was taken up to heaven. He hath delivered to us His holy mysteries, that in them we might commemorate all His goodness towards us. Let us therefore with overflowing love, and with a humble will receive the gift of eternal life. With pure prayer and mani¬ fold sorrow, let us communicate in the mysteries of the Church in penitent hope, turning from our offences, and sorrowing for our sins, and asking mercy and forgiveness from God the Lord of all.
Deacon . We condone the offences of our fellow-servants. They answer , Lord, pardon the sins and offences of Thy servants. Deacon . We purify our consciences from divisions and strife. They answer , Lord, pardon etc. Deacon . Our souls being clear from anger and enmity. They answer , Lord, pardon etc . Deacon . Let us take the Holy [Thing] and
1 Literally, “ live coal." signifying mystically Christ
The Syrians interpret Is. vi. 6, the “ live coal on the altar,” as
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be made holy by the Holy Spirit, They answer , Lord, pardon etc. Deacon . In concord and harmony of our minds let us receive in peace one with another the communion of the mysteries. They answer , Lord, pardon etc . Deacon. That they may be to us, O my Lord, for the resurrection of our bodies and for the salvation of our souls and for eternal life, When the Karuzutha is concluded the deacon says , Let us pray. Peace be with us.
The priest repeats secretly in a low voice , Pardon, my Lord, in Thy compassion, the sins and offences of Thy servants and sanctify our lips by Thy grace, that they may yield the fruits of praise to Thy most high God¬ head, with all Thy saints within Thy kingdom. If there are uncon¬ secrated chalices he here signs them.1 He rises to his full height from the bowing and raises his voice , saying ,
And make us worthy, our Lord and our God, constantly and without blame to stand before Thee, with a pure heart and open face and with that freedom of speech which is granted by Thee in Thy mercies, that we may all equally call on Thee, saying,
They answer , Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, as in heaven so on earth. Give us the bread of our need to-day. And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And lead us not into temptation but deliver us from the Evil one. For Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory for ever and ever, Amen.
The priest repeats this prayer in a low voice .
O Lord God of hosts, our gracious God and our merciful King, we desire of Thee and beseech the abundance of Thy pitifulness ; lead us not, my Lord, into temptation, but deliver us from the Evil one and his hosts ; for Thine is the kingdom and the power and the might and the strength and the dominion, in heaven and on earth, now and always and for ever and ever, Amen. Or this , sometimes said in an audible voice and slowly ; Yea, our Lord and our God, we desire of Thee, and beseech the pitifulness of Thy grace, lead us not, my Lord, my Lord, into temptation, but save and deliver us from the Evil one and his hosts. For Thine is the kingdom and the power and the might and the strength and the dominion in heaven and on earth, now and always, he signs him -
This custom is now obsolete, and the meaning is not understood.
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( 33 )
self and raises his voice, and for ever and ever. They Amen.
The priest says, Peace be with you. The people answer , And with thee and with thy spirit. He proceeds , The Holy [Thing] is perfectly meet for the holy. They answer , One Holy Father, one Holy Son, one Holy Spirit. Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, for ever and ever. Amen.
Canon.1
Instead of Make us worthy, on the feasts of our Cord they say , Make Thy tranquillity, my Lord, to dwell amongst us, and Thy peace within our hearts ; may our tongues proclaim Thy truth, may Thy cross be the guardian of our souls, while we make new harps of our mouths, and speak a new language with fiery tongues. Make us worthy, my Lord, in the freedom of speech that is of Thee, to pray before Thee this pure and holy prayer, which Thy life-giving mouth taught to Thy true disciples, sons of Thy mysteries ; Whensoever ye pray, after this manner pray ye and give thanks and say ; They answer , Our Father which art in heaven.3
The deacon who says the Karuzutha comes towards the priest , sayings Let us prav. Peace be with us. The priest takes the hand of the deacon and places it on the chalice , saying , The grace of the Holy Spirit be with thee and with us and with the partakers hereof in the kingdom of heaven for ever, Amen. The deacon answers , With thee and with us and with the partakers hereof in the kingdom of heaven. The deacon says} Praise ye the living God.
The deacon who read the Apostle comes in front of the priest , and says , Let us pray. Peace be with us. The priest puts on him a veil and places the paten on his arm , sayings Divine grace be with thee and with us and with the partakers hereof for ever.
They say [ the Anthem ] of the Bema on days of the mysteries.
Antiphon. Blessed be Thy Body and Thy Blood, O our Lord, which Thou
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Then the deacon who gave the Peace draws near , saying , Let us pray. Peace be with us. The priest taking the chalice gives it to him , saying , The grace of the Holy Spirit be with
thee and with us.
didst give for the pardon of the nations. And in it Thouhastconsecratedour nature that we may sing praise toT hy Sovereignty.
When the Antiphon is concluded , the deacon holding the chalice exclaims , Bless, O my Lord.
The priest raises his hand and makes the sign of the cross over the people , saying in an audible voice , The gift of the grace of our Giver of Life our Lord Jesus Christ be fulfilled in mercies with us all.
They answer , For ever and ever, Amen.
When the priest gives the Body , he says , The Body of our Lord to the devout priest ; or to the deacon of God ; or to the pious believer ; for the pardon of debts.
The deacon says over the chalice , The precious Blood for the pardon of debts, a spiritual feast unto eternal life ; to the devout priest ; or to the deacon of God ; and so to every one according to his degree ,l
They say the verses of the Antiphon , My brethren, receive the Body of the Son, saith the Church, and drink His chalice with faith within the kingdom.
[V ariable Anthem of the Bema follows .]
Hymn of praise for Sundays . Our Lord Jesus, the adorable King : Who by Thy passion didst conquer death the tyrant. * Son of God Who didst promise us : new life in the kingdom on high. * Cause all guiles to cease from us : and make Thy tranquillity and mercies to dwell in out land. * That in the day of Thy shining forth we may live before Thee: and may go forth to meet Thee according to Thy will. * With hosannas we will confess Thy name : for Thy grace towards our race. * For Thy mercies are multiplied towards our humanity : and Thy love hath shined forth upon our mortality. * Thou hast blotted out our debts through
The priest communicates the people at the sanctuary gate, from the paten which is
he d by the apostle-deacon, round whom the sanctuary veil is wrapped. The peace-deacon
a ministers the cup on the north side through a hole in a low wall which runs parallel
to t e sanctuary wall at a distance of about three feet. The space between these two walls is the bema.
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( 35 )
Thine absolution : glory to Thy name for Thy gift. Blessed be Thy glory from Thy place i Who forgivest our debts because of Thy mercies.
In Thy grace make us all worthy : to confess and adore Thy divinity. * And at every season let us lift up : glory to Thy Sovereignty amen and amen. [Here the veil is closed.]
And on Feasts of our Lord . Strengthen, our Lord, the hands that have been stretched out : and have received the Holy Thing for the pardon of debts. * Make them worthy every day : to yield fruits to Thy Godhead. * The mouths which have praised Thee within the holy place : do Thou make fit to sing glory. * The ears which have heard the voice of Thy praises : let them not, my Lord, hear the voice of alarm. * The eyes that have seen Thy great compassion : again, O Lord, let them see Thy blessed hope. * The tongues also that have cried Holy : do Thou dispose to speak truth. * The feet that have walked within the Church : make them to walk in the land of light. * The bodies that have eaten Thy living Body : do Thou renew with new life. * Our congregation which is worshipping Thy Godhead : O multiply towards it every aid. * And with us may Thy great love abide : and therein may we abundantly render glory. * Open the door to the petition of us all : and may our service also enter Thy pre¬ sence. * [Here follows “ Cause all guiles,” etc., as on Sundays , to the end .]
On Memorials of the Departed and on ordinary days . May the
mysteries which we have taken in faith : be to us, O my Lord, for the
pardon of debts. * Thou art in the form of the Creature and also of
the Creator : O Christ, the King of the ages. * By Thy body and by
Thy blood Thou hast pardoned and forgiven : the stains and debts of
all who have believed in Thee. * And make us all worthy at Thy
revelation : to go forth with confidence to meet Thee. * And with the
ranks of the heavenly beings : may we lift up glory : amen and amen. * [Veil closed .]
JVhen the people have received the Holy Thing, the priest returns the vessels with the mysteries to their place . And while the priest goes in, the eacon proclaims. Let us all, therefore, who, through the gift of the grace
o y Spirit, have drawn near and have been made worthy and have mmunicated, in the taking of these holy mysteries, glorious, holy, life-
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( 36 )
giving and divine, with one accord confess and glorify God Who gave them. 'They answer , Glory to Him for His unspeakable gift.
The deacon says , Let us pray. Peace be with us.
The priest prays in a loud voice. It is meet, my Lord, every day repeat and it is right at every time and fitting every hour, to confess and adore and glorify the awful name of Thy Majesty. For by Thy grace, my Lord, Thou hast made worthy the weak nature of mortal man, with spiritual beings to hallow Thy name, to have communion in the mysteries of Thy gift, to delight in the sweetness of Thy words and to lift up voices of praise and of thanksgiving to Thy most high Godhead, at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever. They answer , Amen. Bless, O my Lord.
He prays the second time. May Christ our God and our Lord our King our Saviour our Giver of life and the Forgiver of our sins, Who in His grace and His mercies made us worthy to take His precious, all- sanctifying Body and Blood, grant unto us to please Him in our thoughts, words, deeds and actions. And may this earnest, O my Lord, which we have received and are receiving, be to us for the pardon of debts and the forgiveness of sins, for the great hope of resurrection from the dead and for new life in the kingdom of heaven, with all those who have
been well-pleasing unto Thee in Thy grace and Thy mercies, for ever ; amen.
At the sound of the priest's voice , one of the deacons draws the veils
aside, and while the priests give the Peace to one another within the
sanctuary , those \jn the nave ] say this Psalm. [Ps. cxcviii.] Praise the
Lord from heaven. * The Son Who gave us His Body and His Blood. *
Praise Him in the heights. * The Son Who gave us His Body and His Blood. on to v. 6.J
They proceed , [ps. cxvii.] Praise the Lord all ye heathen, * For His gift towards us. Praise Him all ye nations, * For His gift towards us, * For His merciful kindness is great towards us, * For His gift towards us. * Truly He is the Lord for ever, * For His gift towards us. * Glory to t e Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, * The Son Who gave s Body and His Blood, * From everlasting and for ever and ever. * Son Who, etc . * Let all the people say amen, amen. * The Son
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( 37 )
Who, etc. * Let us confess and worship and glorify * The Son Who gave us His Body and His Blood. * They proceed Our Father which art in heaven ’ three times.
But on ordinary days they say , Glory, O my Lora, and honour repeat and confession and adoration and constant thanksgiving, we are bound to lift up to Thy glorious Trinity ; for Thy gift of the holy mysteries which Thou hast given us in Thy compassion for the pardon of our debts, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
They answer , Amen, Bless, O my Lord.
Another. Blessed be Thy adorable glory from Thy place on high, O Christ, Who pardonest our debts and our sins and dost make our offences to pass away, by Thy glorious, holy, life-giving and divine mysteries. O Christ, the Hope of our nature always and for ever. They say , Our Father which g.rt in heaven.
CONCLUSION.2
On Sundays , Feasts , and Memorials.71
The priest goes forth and stands in the great doorway of the holy place at the right side , and he blesses the people in an audible voice , saying , May He Who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heaven through Jesus Christ our Lord and hath bidden us to His kingdom and hath called us and brought us to desirable blessings, which pass not away neither cease nor vanish, as He promised and assured to us in His life-giving gospel, saying to the blessed company of His disciples, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whoso eateth My Flesh and drinketh My Blood, dwelleth in Me and I in him, and I will raise him up at the last day, and he cometh not into judgment, but hath passed from death to life eternal ; bless our congregation and guard our company and make our people glorious, which came and rejoiced in the power of His glorious, holy, life-giving and divine mysteries. With the living sign of the cross of our Lord be ye sealed and guarded from all harm hidden or open, now and
The Lord’s Prayer, not farced, but with doxology.
“sealing.” 3 $ee note ^ p. I#
( 38 )
always and for ever and ever. They answer , Amen. The people receive the Peace fro?n the priest
Conclusion on ordinary days. May our Lord Jesus Christ, Whom we have served and celebrated and honoured in His glorious, holy, life- giving and divine mysteries, make us worthy of the fair glory of His kingdom, and of delight with His holy angels, and of openness of face before Him, and of standing at His right hand in Jerusalem which is above, in His grace and mercies. To Him be glory and upon us and upon all creatures, may the right hand of His providence rest; now and always and for ever and ever.
Prayer on receiving the Holy Thing. Sanctify our bodies by Thy holy Body, pardon our debts by Thy precious Blood, purge our consciences with the hyssop of Thy compassion, O Christ the Hope of our nature, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
On ordering [i.e. consuming the remains of~^ the Mysteries.2 Let not Thy living Body, O my Lord, which we have eaten, and Thy victorious Blood which we have drunk, be to us, O my Lord, for judgment and for vengeance; but for the pardon of debts and the remission of sins, for the great hope of resurrection from the dead, for the new life in the kingdom of heaven and for openness of face before Thee with the just and righteous who have pleased Thee, O Christ, the Hope of our nature, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever, amen.
Another . For that we have received Thy Body openly, may Thy power dwell in us secretly, may we go forth to meet Thee joyfully, may we sing glory to Thee threefold, with the just who have fulfilled Thy will O Christ
the Hope of our nature, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever, amen.
Another. For that we have received Thy Body from the paten and have drunk Thy Blood from the chalice, make us worthy, O my Lord, with the robber to sing glory in Paradise, with the just who have ful-
Here the people kiss the cross in the priest's hands, partake of the blessed bread which was baked with the holy loaves, and go out of the church. The blessed bread is given by one of the priests or deacons standing at the nave entrance to the baptistery, saying during the distribution a prayer “of Mariam ” (see “ Preparatory Office at the Baking of the&Bread ").
Iti practice the priest and deacon within the sanctuary do not communicate until this time, and these prayers are said during their communion.
( 39 )
filled Thy will, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever. Amen.
Conclusion. For that Thou hast made us worthy, O my Lord, to take delight in Thy Body and in Thy holy Blood, in like manner make us worthy to take delight in Thy kingdom, which passeth not away nor vanisheth, with all Thy saints, now and at all times and for ever and ever.
Here endeth the Order of the Mysteries , with the Hallowing of the blessed Apostles Mar Adai and Mar Mari , who made disciples of the East. Amen.
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( 40 )
SECOND HALLOWING.
They consecrate according to this from the First Sunday of the Annun¬ ciation 1 until the Sunday of Hosannas'
[First the priest begins as is written in full in the Hallowing of the Apostles , until page 18.)
First cycle . Glory to Thee, O Finder of the lost [see page 15).
Kushapa . Yea, our Lord and our God, look not [see page 18).
G'hantha.
Prayer before the altar . The priest repeats in a low voice , O Almighty Lord God of hosts, Who art alone eternal, and Who art the Cause and Maker of all creatures; O glorious King, Who hast done great things and incomprehensible, glorious and exalted deeds and unspeakable; Thou Who, in a wonderful and awful dispensation which Thy Only-Begotten, our Lord Jesus Christ, effected through our humanity, hast wrought for us a restoration to new life and hast given to us the earnest of the Holy Spirit in our hearts; and, further, albeit we are unworthy, hast made us worthy by Thy grace, of the knowledge of these glorious and holy and divine mysteries, so that we may not only offer and accomplish them but may also partake and have communion in them; look not, O my Lord, on our feebleness and on our frailty, but in Thy grace and in Thy overflowing mercies, fill us with the grace of the Holy Spirit; so that when we stand before Thee with a pure conscience and offer to Thee this living and holy and acceptable and bloodless sacrifice, we may find grace and mercies before Thee repeat ,
Canon.
With all those who from the beginning have been well-pleasing to Thee in the grace and mercies of Thy Only-Begotten. To Thee and to Him and to the Holy Spirit, let us lift up glory and honour and confession and adoration, now and always and for ever and ever.
Answering to Advent and Palm Sunday with us.
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( 41 )
He signs himself, and they answer , Amen. He says, Peace be with you.
The people answer , And with thee and with thy spirit.
The deacon says . Give the peace one to another in the love of Christ.
They read the Diptychs,' that is the book of the living and the dead .
Immediately the priest draws near and bends before the altar on his knees , and repeats this prayer ;
Kushapa2 O Lord God of hosts, help my weakness [see page 20).
Canon .
The deacon says the Kuru - zutha , Let us all in purity and groaning confess and beseech and supplicate [see page 20).
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God the Father and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with us all, now and always and for ever and ever. He signs the mysteries, and they answer , Amen. He proceeds . Above in the exalted heights, in the awful place of glory, where the waving of the wings of the cherubin ceases not, nor the halle¬ lujahs and sweet chanting, Holy Holy Holy, of the seraphin, thither lift up your minds.
They answer , Unto Thee the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Israel, O glorious King.
He proceeds , The living and reasonable oblation of our First-fruits, and the unslain and acceptable sacrifice of the Son of our race, for all created things to their utmost bound, is offered to God the Lord of all. They answer , It is meet and right. The deacon says , Peace be with us. Kushapa2 Lord, Lord, grant us openness ot face [see page 21).
G'hantha .3
The priest repeats in a low voice , It is meet, my Lord, every day, repeat , and right at every time and fitting every hour, to confess Thy holy Name, and to worship Thy Majesty in every land and every place, even Thee O God the Father of Truth, the Being from everlasting, and Thy Only- begotten Son our Lord Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit, for ever and ever. For Thou art the Lord and Maker of all things visible and invisible, Who through Thy Only-begotten Son God the Word, Who is
See note 2, p. 20.
See note 4, p. 1 5.
3 See note 2, p. 18.
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( 42 )
the light of Thy glory and the brightness from Thee and the image of Thy Being, hast created and established the heaven and the earth and all that is therein; and by the Holy Spirit the Spirit of Truth, Who is from Thee the Father, all rational natures visible and invisible, are strengthened and sanctified and made worthy to lift up praise to Thine adorable Godhead. For before Thee, O God the Father of Truth, and before Thy Only-begotten Son our Lord Jesus Christ, and before the Holy Spirit, stand a thousand thousand and ten thousand times ten thousand holy angels; these for the joy of their lives, in the constancy of their wills, hallow Thy great and holy Name in constant praise. And Thou hast, my Lord, in Thy grace, made even the feeble race of mortal man worthy to lift up glory and honour, with all the companies of those on high, to Thy Almighty Sovereignty, even with those who at all times before the majesty of Thy holiness lift up their voice to glorify Thy glorious Trinity which in three Persons co-equal and undivided is confessed,
Canon .
Crying and praising without ceasing, calling one to another and saying, They answer , Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of hosts, heaven and earth are full of Thy praises and of the nature of Thy Being and of the excellency of Thy glorious splendour. Hosanna in the highest, hosanna to the Son of David. Blessed is He Who came and Who cometh in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest.
Kushapa . Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God {see page 22).
G'hantha .
He repeats in a low voice . Verily, O Lord, repeat , Thou art holy and glorious for ever and ever. Holy art Thou, O God the Father of Truth, holy is also Thy Only-begotten Son our Lord Jesus Christ, holy in truth is also the Holy Spirit, Divine Essence uncreate, Maker of all things, Who in His essence from everlasting in truth is holy ; holy is His name and holy is His habitation, and He sanctifieth in truth all those who are made worth) t° receive the gift of His grace. We lift up praise and honour and confession and adoration, to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, now and always and for ever and ever. * We worship Thee
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O my Lord, repeat , and vve confess Thcc and we glorify Thee, for the sake of all Thy graces towards us. For Thou hast created us out of nothing and hast made us worthy of the great honour of free-will and of consciousness and from everlasting and in every hour Thou carest for the upholding of our lives; before Thy great and awful Name we kneel and adore, and with us all the companies of those above praise and give thanks, for Thy unspeakable grace. For for us men and for our salva¬ tion, the Only-begotten God the Word, Who is the likeness of God, counted it not robbery to be the equal of God, but emptied Himself and took the likeness of a servant, when He descended from heaven and put on our humanity, a mortal body and a reasonable, intelligent and immortal soul, of the holy Virgin by the power of the Holy Spirit ; and through them He fulfilled and perfected all this great and wonderful dispensation, which had been prepared in Thy foreknowledge from before the founda¬ tions of the world. Thou hast fulfilled it now in the last times, through Thy Son our Lord Jesus Christ, in Whom dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily. And He is the head of the Church and the firstborn from the dead and He is the fulfilment of all and all in Him is fulfilled. Who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God, and hath sanctified us by the offering of His body once, and made peace by the blood of His cross, through Him, to things in heaven and to things
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And with His holy apostles in that night in which Pie was betrayed, He celebrated this great and holy and divine mystery, taking the bread in His holy hands. And He blessed and brake, and gave to His disciples, and said, THIS IS MY BODY WHICH IS BROKEN FOR THE LIFE OF THE WORLD FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS. After the same manner also He gave thanks over the cup, and gave to them and said, THIS IS MY BLOOD OF THE NEW TESTAMENT WHICH IS SHED FOR MANY FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS. TAKE YE ALL THEREFORE. EAT OF THIS BREAD AND DRINK OF THIS CUP. THIS BE YE DOING WHENSOEVER YE COME
TOGETHER FOR MY MEMORIAL. And as we have been com¬ manded, so we Thy weak and frail and miserable servants have come together, that by permission of Thy grace we may celebrate this great and awful and holy and divine mystery, wherein was great salvation [wrought] for the whole race of man j
Canon.
Lifting up praise and honour and thanksgiving and adoration, to the Father and to the- Son and to the Holy Spirit, now and always and for ever and ever. He signs the mysteries and they answer , Amen. The deacon says, In your minds pray ye. Peace be with us.
Kushapa. Lord God of hosts, accept this oblation (see page 24).
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G'hantha.
He repeats in a low voice , We adore Thee, my Lord, repeat, and confess Thee and glorify Thee, that albeit we are unworthy on account of our sins, Thou hast drawn us near to Thee by reason of Thy many mercies and hast renewed and sanctified us by the grace of the Holy Spirit and hast made us worthy to administer before Thee this awful and divine service for the salvation of our lives. We utter confession and praise before Thee with great thanksgiving, for the great salvation which has come to us all, through Thy beloved Son our Lord Jesus Christ, and we offer before Thy glorious Trinity, with contrite heart and humble spirit, this living and holy and acceptable sacrifice, the mystery of the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world. We beseech of Thee and suppli¬ cate Thee, that Thy adorable Godhead, O my Lord, may be well pleased, and that in Thy pitifulness this pure and holy oblation may be accepted in which Thou wert well pleased and reconciled regarding the sins of the world. * Now also, O Lord repeat , lo this oblation is offered, before Thy great and awful Name, for all the holy catholic Church, that Thou mayest cause Thy peace and tranquillity to dwell in the midst of her all the days of the world. * Yea, our Lord and our God, repeat , cause Thy peace and Thy tranquillity to dwell in the midst of her all the days of the world. And may persecutions and tumults and strifes and schisms and divisions be put far from her, and may we all cleave to one another in one concord, with a pure heart and with entire love. And for all our fathers the bishops and
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( 45 )
periodeuts and priests and deacons who are in this ministry of truth, that they may stand and minister before Thee purely and worthily and holily, and may be approved by Thy will so that they may be made worthy to receive from Thee good and exalted degrees, at the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ. And for all the children of the holy catholic Church both here and in every land, that they may be nurtured in the worship of Thy Sovereignty, in true faith and in good and virtuous deeds, to the salvation of their lives ; and for Thy sinful and offending servant, that in Thy grace, O Lord, Thou mayest pardon my sins and make my offences to pass away, those in which wittingly and unwittingly I have sinned and offended before Thee. And for all those on behalf of whom this oblation is offered, that they may find mercies and compassion before Thee and may live. And for the fruits of the earth and the temperature of the air, that the crown of the year may be blessed by Thy grace, repeat thrice . And for the whole race of man, for those who are in sin and error, that by Thy grace, O my Lord, Thou wilt make them worthy of the knowledge of the truth and of the worship of Thy Sovereignty, that they may know Thee that Thou alone art God the Father of truth, [O Thou who art] good and wiliest that all men should live and be converted to the knowledge of the truth, and know that Thou art the Lord from everlasting and from eternity, the divine essence uncreate, Maker of all things, Father and Son and Holy Spirit. He for us men and for our salvation, even the Son of God, God the Word, put on perfect man our Lord Jesus Christ, and was perfected and justified in the power of God and in the Holy Spirit. And was Mediator of God and man, and Giver of life for ever and ever, to all those who through Him are brought near to God the Father; to the same be praises and blessings for ever, Amen. * Yea our Lord and our God, repeat , accept from us in Thy grace this sacrifice of praise, which is the reasonable fruit of our lips, that it may be a good memorial before Thee of the righteous of old time and of the holy prophets, of the blessed apostles and of martyrs and confessors, of bishops and doctors, of priests and deacons and of all the children of the holy catholic Church, who have departed from this world in the true faith, here he signs [, himself ] and strikes his face with his hands , that in thy grace, O Lord, Thou wilt par on them all the sins and offences, wherein in this world in a mortal
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The deacon says , In stillness and in awe stand ye. Peace be with us. AND MAY THERE COME UPON US1 and upon this oblation, the grace of the Holy Spirit ; may He dwell and rest upon this bread and upon this cup and may He bless and consecrate and seal them, in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. By the power of Thy Name may this bread become the holy body of our Lord Jesus Christ, and this cup the precious blood of our Lord Jesus Christ. And whoso in true faith eateth of this bread and drinketh of this cup, may they be to him, O my Lord, for the pardon of debts and remission of sins, and for the great hope of resurrection from the dead, and for the salvation of his body and of his soul, and for life and glory for ever and ever. And make us all worthy by the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that with all those who have been well-pleasing to Thy will, and who have had their conversation according to Thy commandments, we may delight in the kingdom of heaven and in the good things that are prepared and pass not away,
Canon .
Both here and there, may we all together and equally, confess and adore and glorify, the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and always and for ever and ever. He signs the mysteries . and they answer , Amen. They conclude everything as it is written in the Hallowing of the Blessed Apostles ( see page 26).
Here endeth the second Hallowing , to God be constant glory , Amen .
1 See note 2, p. 26.
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( 47 )
THE THIRD HALLOWING.
They consecrate according to this , five times in the year ; on the Epiphany , on the Friday of John the Baptist , on the Memorial of the Greek Doct or s , on the IT ednesday of the Rogation of the IV inevit es , and on the Passover .'
First the priest begins as it is written in the Hallowing of the Apostles , every thing fully until page 18.
First cycle. We confess, O my Lord, the overflowing riches ( see page 19). Kushapa ,2 Yea our Lord and our God look not ( see page 18)
G' hantha? 7 he priest repeats in a low voice , inclining before the altar , Glory to Thee, O Finder of the lost ( see page 15),
Canon.
For to Thee, O God the Father of truth, and to Thy Only-begotten Son our Lord Jesus Christ, and to Thy living holy and life-giving Spirit, let us lift up glory and honour and confession and adoration, now and always and for ever and ever. He signs himself ’, and they answer , Amen. The priest says , Peace be with you. The people answer , And with thee and with thy spirit. The deacon says , Give the peace one to another in the love of Christ. They say , And for all Catholici and Bishops ( see
page 20). They read the Diptychs ,4 that is the book of the living and the dead.
Kushapa. O Lord God of The deacon says the Karuzutha , Let us Hosts, help my weakness ( see all in purity and groaning confess and page 20). beseech and supplicate.
Canon .
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God the Father and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit, be with us all, now and always and for ever and ever. He signs the mysteries , and they answer , Amen. He proceeds , Above in the exalted heights, in the awful place of
l'e% Maundy Thursday. * See note 4, p. 15.
3 See note 2, p. 18. 4 See note 2, p. 20.
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( 4» )
glory, where the waving of the wings of the cherubim ceases not, nor the hallelujahs and sweet chanting Holy Holy Holy, of the seraphin, thither lift up your minds. "They answer , Unto Thee, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Israel, O glorious King.
He proceeds , The living and reasonable oblation of our First-fruits, and the unslain and acceptable sacrifice of the Son of our race, which -the prophets figured in mystery and the apostles proclaimed openly and the martyrs bought with the blood of their necks and the doctors expounded in the churches and the priests sacrificed upon the holy altar and the Levites bare upon their arms, and the nations partook of for the pardon of their debts, for all created things to their utmost bound, is offered to God the Lord of all. They answer , It is meet and right.
Kushapa . Lord Lord [see page 2 1 ).
Or this. I adore, O Lord God, Thy grace, repeat , and I confess Thy pitifulness, that albeit I am un¬ worthy, Thou hast in Thy cornpassion made me worthy to offer to Thee glorious and divine mys¬ teries. I beseech Thee, O my Lord, I entreat and supplicate Thy grace, that they may be for the tran¬ quillity of the world and for the peace of creation, for the upholding of Thy faithful Church and for the heroic- deeds of Thy priests, for the nurture of Thy faithful and for the preservation of Thy righteous, for the absolution and remission of the sins of the penitent and for the conversion of the erring, for the salvation and aid of all mankind and for the blotting out of the offences of all Thy servants and handmaids who stand before Thee at
this present moment, by Thy grace and mercies for ever. Amen.
The deacon pro¬ claims , Peace be unto us.
Or this ^ ulasa.' Be ye mindful of the wonderful dis¬ pensation of Christ our Saviour, which was perfected for us. Who by His body gladdened our sadness, and sprinkled upon our hearts His living blood. With cir¬ cumspection watch ye and pray, Peace be with us.
G'hantha.
The priest repeats in a low voice , O Lord God of hosts, eternal Being, Father Almighty, repeat , Who continually and at all times art and
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( 49 )
art the same, it is meet, seemly, and right, that we should confess, worship, glorify and exalt Thee at all times and at all seasons. For Thou art the true God, incomprehensible, infinite, inexplicable, invisible, uncoin- pounded, impassible, immortal, high and exalted above the thought and understanding of all creatures, Who art everywhere present and in no place art bounded, Thou and Thy Only-begotten Son and Thy Holy Spirit. Do Thou, my Lord, give us utterance in opening our mouths, that we may offer to Thee with a contrite heart and humble spirit, the spiritual fruit of our lips, even a reasonable service. For Thou art our God and the Father of our King and Saviour Jesus Christ our Hope, in Whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge, through Whom we have received the knowledge of the Holy Spirit the Spirit of truth. Who from Thee, O Father, proceedeth, and is of the hidden essence of Thy Godhead, in Whom all rational natures visible and invisible are strengthened and sanctified and perfected and fulfilled. Now to Thee and to thy Only-begotten Son and to the Holy Spirit, we lift up continual praise always without ceasing, because all things are Thy work. For Thou out of nothing didst bring us into being and didst establish us, and when we had stumbled and fallen and waxed feeble, Thou didst renew us atresh and raise us up and take us for Thine own and didst not cease to exer¬ cise Thy care towards us; as far as to heaven hast Thou lifted us up and hast given us by Thy compassion the kingdom to come. For all Thy graces towards us, we give Thee thanks, O God the Father of truth, and to Thy Only-begotten Son our Lord Jesus Christ and to Thy living and holy Spirit. We worship Thee for all Thy graces which Thou hast wrought towards us, those we know and those we know not, those which are open and those which are hidden, and we give Thee thanks for this service and we beseech Thee to accept it at our hands. For who is sufficient to utter the wonders of Thy power, or to show forth all Thy praises? For neither could all living creatures uniting in one mouth and tongue be sufficient to tell of Thy greatness O my Lord.
Canon .
For before Thy Trinity my Lord, stand a thousand thousand and ten thousand times ten thousand angeis and archangels, who all with one accord
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fly and hover and cease not, and continually with a loud voice without ceasing sound forth praise, and sing hallelujahs, crying one to another and
saying,
They answer , Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of hosts; Heaven and earth are full of Thy praises and of the nature of Thy Being and of the excellency of Thy glorious splendour. Hosanna in the highest. Hosanna to the Son of David. Blessed is He Who came and Who cometh in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest.
Kushapa. Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God (see page 22).
Or this . I beseech Thee, Lord God of Hosts, repeat , and I supplicate Thy many mercies, I Thy sinful and offending and miserable servant, on behalf of my sinfulness and weakness, that Thou wilt forgive me my trespasses and sins, and wilt accept this living and holy sacrifice at the hands of my frailty, for me and for this Thy people who wait for Thy salvation; that it1 may be to us, O Lord, for absolution and healing and help and mercies. And when Thy Body and Thy holy Blood mingle with the bodies and souls of Thy servants, may they2 purify us from the pollution of sin, and may they2 clear away from us all the wickedness and craftiness of the enemy of our humanity; may they2 fill us with the truth of faith and the fire of the knowledge of Thy dispensation and the perfect love of Thy Sovereignty and the good hope of Thy grace. And accept this pure service which is before Thee, so that we all in every place with one soul and one mind, may be made worthy to perfect Thy will in true faith and in perfect love, and may be made worthy to raise glory to Thy Sovereignty, for the sake of all Thy unspeakable graces towards us.
G'hantha.
The priest repeats in a low voice , And with those heavenly hosts, repeat , we also, O gracious Lord, O God the merciful Father, even we cry out and say, Holy art Thou indeed and glorious art Thou in truth, and lofty art Thou and exalted above all, Who hast made Thy worshippers upon earth worthy to become like those that glorify Thee in heaven. Holy also is Thy Only-begotten Son our Lord Jesus Christ, with the Holy
Pliir. pron. in the Syriac, probably with “ mysteries ” understood, mg. pron. in the Syriac, probably agreeing with “sacrifice” in the preceding sentence.
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( 5i )
Spirit, Who is eternally with Thee and is of Thy nature, and Who is the Maker of all created things. We bless, O my Lord, God the Word, the hidden offspring of Thy bosom, Who, being in Thy likeness and the brightness shining from Thee and the image of Thy Being, thought it not robbery to be Thy equal, but He emptied Himself and took the likeness of a servant, perfect man, of a reasonable, intelligent and im¬ mortal soul, and of the mortal body of mankind, and joined it to Him and united it with Him in glory, in power and in honour, even a passible nature formed by the power of the Holy Spirit, for the salvation of all, and was [born] of a woman, and was [born] under the Law, that He might redeem those that were under the Law, and might quicken all those who were dead in Adam ; and He slew sin in His flesh and abolished the law of ordinances by His commandments, and opened the eyes of our under¬ standing which were blind and prepared for us a way of salvation and enlightened us with the light of the divine knowledge, for to those who received Him He gave power to become the sons of God. And He washed us and absolved us by the baptism of holy water and sanctified us in His grace by the gift of the Holy Spirit, and them who were buried with Him in baptism into death He raised and lifted up, and made them sit with Him in heaven through the assurances of His promise. And He loved His own which were in this world and unto the end He loved them. He was given in exchange for the recompense of the guilt of our
race for the life of all, and gave Himself for all to death which was • • _
reigning over us, and to whose power we were subject, for through our sin we were sold to it. And by His precious Blood He redeemed and saved us and descended into Sheol and loosed the bonds of death, and because it was not right that He should be holden in Sheol, He, the First-fruits of our salvation rose from the dead on the third day and became the First-fruits of them that slept, that He might be preeminent in all things. He ascended into heaven, and sat down at the right hand
of Thy Majesty O God, and left us the commemoration of our salvation, this mystery which we offer before Thee.
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( 52 )
The Words of our Lord.
For when the time came when He should be betrayed for the life of
the world, after He had kept the Passover with His disciples, according to the law of Moses, He instituted His own Passover before He died, even this which we keep for His commemoration as He committed it unto us, until He be revealed from heaven. For our Passover is Christ Who was slain for us. And after supper ol the Passover of the Law of Moses, He took bread in His holy, spotless and undefiled hands, and blessed and brake and ate, and gave to His disciples, saying, TAKE EAT YE ALL OF IT. THIS IS MY BODY WHICH IS BROKEN FOR YOU FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS. In like manner also He mixed the cup of wine and water, and blessed and gave thanks and drank and gave to His disciples, saying, TAKE, DRINK YE ALL OF IT. THIS IS MY BLOOD OF THE NEW TESTAMENT WHICH IS SHED FOR MANY FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS. THIS BE YE DOING FOR MY MEMORIAL UNTIL I COME. FOR WHENSOEVER YE EAT OF THIS BREAD AND DRINK OF THIS CUP, YE COMMEMORATE MY DEATH UNTIL MY COMING. Wherefore whosoever in true faith draws near and takes of them, let them be to him, O my Lord, for the pardon of debts and the remission of sins and for resurrection from the dead and for new life in the kingdom of heaven ;
Caron.
And let us lift up praise and honour and confession and adoration, to Thee O adorable Father, and to Thy Son Thy glorious offspring, and to Thy living, holy and life-giving Spirit; now and always and for ever and
The deacon says, Let us pray, Peace be with us.
Or this Qu- lasa. Gaze on the gentleness and meekness and obedience
ever. He signs the 7nysteries , and they answer , Amen.
Kushapa . Lord God of hosts, accept ( see page 24).
Or this . O Lord God merciful and pitiful, repeat , now I have begun to speak before Thee, I dust and ashes, beseech of Thee, I Thy sinful, frail and offending servant, a debtor to Thee from the womb, a stranger to Thee from the belly, a dependant on Thee irom the bowels of my mother. Pity me in Thy mercies and in Thy compassion draw me out of the sea of debts and in Thy kindness take me out and lift me up from the abyss of my sins, and heal the
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( 53 )
wounds of my ill deeds and the scars of my offences with Thy all-healing medicine. Grant that I may open my mouth before Thee and make me worthy to move my lips towards Thee, give me leave to plead with Thee concerning my offences and the remission of sins and the pardon and blotting out of the spots upon mvself and upon my sinful companions and associates. Let me ask of Thee concerning those things which beseem and are besought of Thy Godhead, for to Thee Who art rich without impoverishment and a treasury that faileth not, our manifold requests are at all times brought, and are answered by abundant gifts freely given. Be not angry with me, O [Thou Who art] kind and long-suffering, because I have no openness of face before Thee. With freedom of speech I say these things before Thy Majesty ; yet accept me, although I am over-bold, because Thy name is called upon me, and accept this sacrifice at the hands of my frailty, on behalf of Thy people and the sheep of Thy pasture. For these things I give praise to Thy name and offer adoration to Thy Sovereignty, now and always and for ever and ever.
of Christ our Saviour, with the enlight¬ ened eye of the mind, and with the clear thought of the understand¬ ing, let us be¬ hold wisely and see the Only- begotten Son of the Father being led to His great Pas¬ sion of the Cross. Let us pray. Peace be with us.
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The priest repeats in a low voice , We also O Lord of hosts, God the Father, repeat , commemorating this command given for our salvation, and all those things which have been done for us, before all things do believe and confess Thee, O God the Father of truth, and the eternal birth from the Godhead of Thy Only-begotten, and His consubstantiality with Thee conjoinedly. We remember also His wonderful dispensa¬ tion provided for us and through our humanity effected, the cross, the passion, the death, the burial, the resurrection on the third day, the ascension into heaven, the sitting on the right hand and the glorious second coming to us of our Lord Jesus Christ, in Whom Thou wilt judge the dead and the living, rendering to every man according to his deeds. Furthermore, we confess the Holy Spirit the Spirit of truth, Who also is
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( 54 )
of the glorious substance of Thy Godhead Who from Thee O Father pro¬ ceeded, and with Thee, and with Thy Only-begotten Son co-equally is worshipped and glorified, and honoured by all. We offer unto Thee this sacrifice, living and holy and acceptable and glorified and awful and exalted and spotless for all creatures and for the holy apostolic Catholic Church, from one end of the earth to the other, that Thou wouldest keep her unmoved and unharmed by offences. * Yea our Lord and our God, repeat , keep her unmoved and unharmed by any offences, that there be upon her no stain nor blemish, no wrinkle nor any such thing ; for Thou hast said through Thy beloved Son our Lord Jesus Christ, that the gates of Sheol shall never prevail against her. And for all our Fathers the bishops in every place, who preach the right word of the true faith, and for all priests who fulfil their office before Thee in faith, in righteousness, and in the sanctity of truth, and for all deacons who hold the mysteries of the faith in a pure conscience, and for the whole estate of Thy pious and holy people here and in every place, and for all those who wittingly and unwittingly have sinned and offended before Thee ; * And for Thy frail servant, repeat , whom Thou hast by Thy grace made worthy to offer before Thee this oblation, and for all those who in virtue serve Thy holy Church in works of righteousness, for all those wrho abound in alms towards the poor, and for all princes and rulers of this world, we entreat and beseech Thee, to establish in them Thy fear and to implant in them Thy truth, and to subdue by them all barbarous nations. And we beseech Thy Godhead O my Lord, do Thou make wars to cease unto the ends of the earth, and scatter the people that desire war, that we may lead a calm and quiet life in all soberness and godliness. For the fruits of the earth and the temperature of the air that the crown of the year may be blessed by Thy grace. For this land and for them that dwell in it and all round about it, and for all lands and them that dwell therein; that Thou wilt have mercy and bless and keep and protect them in Thy compassion, and for all seafarers and wayfarers, for all those who are in affliction or distress or persecutions or tribulations or tumults for Thy
holy name, and for all those who are afflicted or tormented in bonds and • •
imprisonment, and for all those who are cast out to distant islands to continual torments and hard servitude, and for all our faithful brethren
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( 55 )
who are in captivity, and we beseech Thee, O my Lord, to help all those also who are tried and troubled by severe diseases and sicknesses. And we also supplicate Thy pitifulness, O my Lord, for all our enemies and them that hate us and for all those who devise any evil against us ; not for judgment nor for vengeance, O Lord God of hosts, but for mercies and salvation and the remission of sins, because Thou wiliest that all men should live and return unto the knowledge of the truth. For Thou hast taught us by Thy Beloved Son our Lord Jesus Christ, to pray for our enemies and haters and for them that govern us with force and fraud.
Canon .
And whereinsoever, O my Lord, as mortal men we have trespassed and sinned, do Thou absolve and forgive and pass over and pardon, O Thou Who art gracious and in Thy pitifulness dost govern all, that in mutual concord we may lift up to Thee praise and honour and confession and adoration, now and always and for ever and ever. He signs himself ; and they answer , Amen.
Kushapa . Worthy of glory from every mouth [see P • 22).
Or this . Glory to Thee our Lord Jesus Christ, Who hast in Thy mercies counted me among the number of Thy priests, repeat . Glory to Thee my Lord, Who hast joined me to the choir of Thy priests. Glory to Thee my Lord, Who hast set me in the ranks of Thy saints. Glory to Thee my Lord, Who hast raised me up at this time to make supplication for Thy people before Thee. Glory to Thee my Lord, Who hast made me worthy to intercede boldly for Thy people and to cling to the skirts of Thy mercies. Pity O my Lord, Thy people who now stand awaiting Thy mercies ; turn Thee towards the erring sheep who have been lost from Thy flock; pardon the sinners who have transgressed the commandments of Thy law , have mercy on all creation in the abundance of Thy mercies ; forgive debtors in Thy compassion ;
The deacon says , Pray in your minds, Peace be with us.
Or this lasa . Lift up your eyes to the heights above, and gaze with the thoughts of your hearts, seek and search out what things are being celebrated at this moment,
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( 56 )
be reconciled to offenders in Thy forbearance ; bring back the erring to Thy fold ; gather together the dis¬ persed into Thy household ; solace the afflicted with Thy grace ; give rest to the harassed in Thy compassion ; fulfil [Thy] charity to those who walk in the way of truth trusting in Thee ; raise up again the departed who have fallen asleep in Thy hope ; make them to stand at Thy right hand and delight them with the heavenly bliss of Thy kingdom, with all the just and righteous who nave been well-pleasing unto Thee from the beginning. And to Thy people assembled in Thy name and now stand¬ ing before Thee, pardon their debts and blot out their ill deeds ; cleanse their spots and forgive their sins ; heal their sicknesses ; make them whole from their diseases; overthrow their enemies and destroy them that hate them ; pass over their offences ; clear away their stains ; wash their wounds ; fulfil their need ; turn back their wanderings; quicken their mortality; comfort their distress; calm their troubles and enlighten their dark¬ ness , exalt their low estate ; enrich their poverty ; solace their affliction ; incline Thee to the request of my sin¬ fulness, for their sakes ; even to me Thy servant a sinner and offender ; for Thou hast this day moved me by Thy grace to fall down before Thee at this time. Come to my help and turn Thee to my salvation ; raise up my humiliation ; exalt my low estate ; pardon my sinful¬ ness ; pass over my transgressions and hear my prayer ; receive my request and make me to walk in Thy paths and to attain unto Thy promises ; make me a partaker of T.hy mysteries and set me with those on the right hand in the world of Thy bliss ; make me to sit down in the banqueting hall with all those of Thy household ; make me to stand boldly before the throne of Thy glory with all Thy saints ; pour out upon my sinfulness the gift of Thy mercies ; through the prayer of those
wherein sera- phin stand in awe before Christ’s throne of glory, and all with one loud voice sing praises and hal¬ lelujahs with¬ out ceasing, to the Body set forth and the cup mingled. And [gaze on] the priest plead¬ ing and en¬ treating and asking mercies for all the whole world. Stand ye and pray in your minds, Peace be with us.
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( 57 )
in the body, sons of earth, who honour Thee and through the request of the spiritual ones above the firmament, who glorify Thee ; Thy cherubin, Thy sera- phin and the angels of light who sing Holy to Thee. Amen.
G'hantha.
He repeats in a low voice , O Lord God the mighty Father, we be¬ seech Thee, repeat , and we kneel and worship before Thee. Bring back the erring ; enlighten the ignorant ; support the weak ; raise up the fallen; strengthen those who stand; and in Thy mercies do unto every one as is profitable and expedient for him. We beseech Thee O my Lord, and we make supplication before Thee; that Thou wilt remember over this oblation, the fathers and patriarchs, prophets and apostles, martyrs and confessors, bishops and doctors, priests and deacons and all the sons of our ministry, who have gone forth from this world ; and all our brethren in Christ, and all those who have - departed this world in the true faith, whose names Thou knowest ; absolving and forgiving them, whereinsoever they have sinned and offended before Thee, as men inclined to err and subject to passions. And by the prayer and request of all those who have been well pleasing unto Thee, do Thou turn towards us and have mercy upon us and upon all Thy servants and handmaids who stand before Thy holy altar, and make us all worthy to be partakers of the portion and inheritance which hath come to the saints in light. Grant to us, O my Lord, that in sincerity of love and purity of pure thoughts, we may live before Thee in this our place of sojourn- *n§> possessing a steadfast knowledge of the true faith in Thee and having communion in Thy awful, holy and divine mysteries, so that when we stand before the awful judgment-seat of Thy Majesty, we may not be ashamed and found guilty. And as in this world Thou hast made us worthy of the ministry of Thy awful and holy, life-giving and divine mysteries, so also in the world to come make us worthy with openness face to be partakers of all those good things that pass not and waste not away. And when Thou shalt make a consummation of those things w ich as in a mirror and in a parable we here possess, may we there
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( 58 )
possess openly the Holy of Holies which is in heaven. * Thus we, my Lord, Thy servants, weak and frail and miserable, repeat ; here he strikes [his face], who were far off from Thee, and whom because of the abundance of Thy pitifulness Thou hast made worthy to stand and minister before Thee this awful and glorious service \ with one accord we make supplication to Thy adorable Godhead Who renewest all creatures. AND MAY THERE COME, O MY LORD, the grace of the Holy Spirit, and may He dwell
and rest upon this oblation which we offer before Thee. May He bless and consecrate it and make this bread and this cup to be the Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ ; and do Thou change and consecrate them by the operation of the Holy Spirit, in such wise that the taking of these glorious and holy mysteries may be, to all such as receive them, unto eternal life and resurrection from the dead and absolution of the body and of the soul and unto the light of knowledge and to openness of face towards Thee, and unto that eternal salvation which Thou hast promised us through our Lord Jesus Christ ; that we may all cleave together in one accord unto one bond of love and peace and that we may be one body and one spirit, as we are called in one hope of our calling. Let no man eat it and drink it to the con¬ demnation of his body and soul ; let it not be to him unto weakness and sickness by reason of his sins, in that he eateth of this bread, and drinketh of this cup unworthily ; but may we wax strong and be confirmed in all those things that are well pleasing to Thee, being made worthy with a pure conscience to have communion in the Body and Blood of Christ,
Canon.
stand before Thee at that awful and glorious judgment.
Qulasa to be said instead of In silence and in awe ( see page 26). O how awful is this hour, and how dreadful this moment, wherein the priest invokes the Spirit, and He descends from on high and effects His will, and sanctifies this heavenly Eucharist of the Body and Blood of Christ our Saviour, unto the absolution of debts and the remission of sins of those who partake. In quiet and in awe, in trembling and in dread, stand ye and pray, Peace be with us.
That when
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( 59 )
before the throne of Thy Majesty, we may find mercies and compassion and may rejoice with all those who from the beginning have been well¬ pleasing to Thee, in the grace and mercies of Thy Only-begotten. With Whom to Thee, O my Lord, be glory and honour and dominion and exalta¬ tion, with Thy living, holy and life-giving Spirit, now and at all times and for ever and ever. He signs the mysteries , and they answer , Amen. He offers a genuflexion before the altar , but let hi?n not kneel . They conclude everything as it is written in the Liturgy of the Apostles [ see page 26). Here endeth the third Hallowing .
To God be constant glory . Amen .
THE CANON “ AWEFUL ART THOU.”
ON THE NATIVITY, after One Holy Father etc . [see page 33), they draw to the veils of the altar and arrange themselves in [/wa] choirs in the sanctuary , and those within begin in a low voice , saying , Aweful art Thou O God Most High, from Thy holy place for ever and ever. Blessed be the glory of the Lord from His place. They repeat it in a loud voice , and the people in the nave answer the same .
The V erses said in the sa?ictuary . The Lord hath said unto me, Thou art My Son, this day have I begotten Thee.1 * Aweful art Thou * from the costly palaces of ivory ; King’s daughters shall praise Thee with honour. * Aweful art Thou. * Continuation . That live coal which the prophet saw, an angel took with the tongs : and now priests within the sanctuary bear it upon their hands in procession. * Aweful art Thou. * O come together ye peoples, let us draw near unto Him, in holiness of our bodies and of our souls. For this is the mystery which was hidden, which is given for us for the remission of sins. Hallelujah, hallelujah. * Aweful art Thou. * They draw back the veils ; and the deacon says ,
aise ye [see page 33). And they that are in the nave say the antiphon and the rest .
ON THE EPIPHANY.
art Thou.
They say The Messengers instead of Aweful
he asterisks mark the place where the two choirs change.
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Hallelujah, hallelujah. * Verses. A Star hath shone forth out of Jacob, and a Prince hath arisen out of Israel. # Hallelujah, hallelujah. * Thousand thousands stand before Him, and ten thousand times ten thousand sing Holy to His glory. * Hallelujah, hallelujah. * Continua¬ tion. A voice came from heaven, saying, This is My beloved Son in Whom I am well pleased. * Hallelujah, hallelujah. * On Thee do we wait continually, and Thy Sovereignty will we serve with all our hearts, saying, Holy art Thou 1 Holy art Thou ! Holy art Thou ! O Lover of men ; hallelujah, hallelujah. *
ON THE EVE OF THE RESURRECTION. Aweful art Thou O God most High, from Thy holy place for ever and ever. Blessed be the glory of the Lord from His place. Verses . To-day my heart is glad and my glory exulteth, my flesh also shall rest upon hope. * Aweful art Thou. * For Thou hast not left my soul in Sheol, neither hast Thou given Thine Holy One to see corruption. * Aweful art Thou. * Continuation. Let heaven and earth and all that is therein, give thanks with us on this day. * Aweful art Thou. * Therefore, O Christ, with the angels we cry, Holy and glorious is the might of Thy Trinity. For lo heaven and the whole earth are filled with Thy glory. * Aweful art Thou. *
ON THE FEAST OF THE RESURRECTION. Aweful art Thou O God most High, from Thy holy place for ever and ever. Blessed be the glory of the Lord from His place. V erses. Exult and take courage O mortals, for the dominion of death hath been destroyed. * Aweful art Thou. Lo heaven and earth wait for Him, till He come and renew all that is therein. Aweful art Thou. * Continuation . To-day do the Dominions in heaven rejoice, for they have seen that the hope for which they looked is perfected indeed. * Aweful art Thou. * And we will praise Him together saying, Holy art Thou, Holy art Thou, Holy art Thou, O Lord of all. Hallelujah, hallelujah. * Aweful art Thou. *
ON THE FEAST OF THE ASCENSION. Aweful art Thou O Go most High, from Thy holy place for ever and ever. Blessed be teg ory of the Lord from His place. V erses. God is gone up in
( 6i )
glory, and the Lord with the sound of the trumpet. God reigneth over the nations. God sitteth upon His holy seat. * Aweful art Thou * In choirs stood the spiritual ones, extolling the Son in the day of His Ascension. * Aweful art Thou. * Continuation . While they beheld Him He was taken up, and a cloud received Him, and He was hidden from their eyes. * Aweful art Thou. With thanksgiving let us glorify this precious
Body and Blood which we have all taken, saying, Hallelujah, hallelujah. * Aweful art Thou. *
ON THE FEAST OF PENTECOST. Aweful art Thou O God most High, from Thy holy place for ever and ever. Blessed be the glory of the Lord from His place. V erses. Create in me a pure heart O God, and renew Thy steadfast Spirit within me. * Aweful art Thou. * The Paraclete hath come down to-day, and hath given wisdom to His servants through His gifts.’ * Aweful art Thou. * Continuation. On the feast of the Passover He sacrificed Himself in the type of a lamb, and on the festival of Pentecost He sealed His victory. * Aweful art Thou. * Let us all through the grace of our Saviour, draw nigh unto Him with faith ; the Body and Blood of Christ the Son let us take and let us give glory, saying, Hallelujah. * Aweful art Thou. *
ON THE FEAST OF THE REVELATION.' Aweful art Thou O God most High, from Thy holy place for ever and ever. Blessed be the glory of the Lord from His place. Verses. Thou hast clothed Thyself with splendour and honour, Thou coverest Thyself with light as with a garment. * Aweful art Thou. * Our Saviour revealed on the height of the mountain ; the great glory wherein He will come. * Aweful art Thou. * Continuation. A voice came from heaven saying, This is My beloved Son, in Whom I am well pleased. * Aweful art Thou. *
ON THE FEAST OF THE CROSS.2 Aweful art Thou O God most High, from Thy holy place for ever and ever. Blessed be the glory of the Lord from His place. * Verses. The despised Cross on the height of
1 i.e. The Transfiguration, August 6th.
3 September 13th. This is the only Festival of the Cross observe 1 by the Eastern
Syrians.
( 62 )
the tree, lo watchers 1 and men celebrate it. * Aweful art Thou. * The false gods have fallen, the Churches thundered. Satan is condemned and the Cross hath conquered. * Aweful art Thou. * Continuation. My brethren let us draw near and behold the Sacrifice of the Body and Blood of the Son of God, Who hung on the Tree for sinners, and Who in His love is sacrificed for the Church. * Aweful art Thou. * He hung oa the Cross as a frail [creature], and He gave His life as God. Hallelujah. * Aweful art Thou.*
Here endeth the Canon Aweful art Thou.
To "Jab be glory for evermore .
1 The Angels.
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( 63 )
ORDER OF BAPTISM.
First the priest begins. In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost for ever. Glory to God in the highest, repeat three times , and on earth peace and good hope to men, at every season for ever, Amen. Our Father which art in heaven.1 Deacon. Let us pray, Peace be with us. Prayer. Strengthen, our Lord and our God, our weakness in Thy compassion, that we may administer the holy mysteries of absolving Baptism, given for the renewal and for the salva¬ tion of our nature in the mercies of Thy grace, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever. [Amen.] 2
They begin , How beloved, to the chant , I will love Thee O Lord ; with the farcing. Priest. [Ps. lxxxiv. i.] How beloved are Thy tabernacles O Lord of hosts : my soul hath waited and longed for the courts of the Lord. How beautiful and glorious is the place of Thy sanctuary, O God Who sanctifiest all. [ Repeat ver. i. Deacon, ver. 2, and so on alter¬ nately to the end of the psalml\ How beautiful, etc. Priest. Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, from everlasting and for ever and ever, Amen. How beautiful, etc. Deacon. [Ver. i.] How beloved, etc. How beautiful, etc. The Deacon proclaims , Let us pray, Peace be with us.
Prayer. Turn us again towards Thee in Thy compassion, and receive us into Thy household, O good Shepherd Who wentest out to seek us and didst find us who were lost, and didst desire our return, in Thy
grace and mercies, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
[Or this. Let Thy right hand, our Lord and our God, from the height of Thy sanctuary, rest on these souls which wait to receive the gift of Thy giace, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.)
He repeats in an audible voice this [ prayer of the ] Imposition of hands , laying his hand on the head of each one of them , and saying ,
The promise of Thy mercies, my Lord, hath been fulfilled, as Thou hast
With farcings as before (see page i).
3 So alter each collect.
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gaid to us ; repeat . Seek and ye shall find, knock and it shall be opened unto you ; for the act is more than the word and the deed than the promise. For Thy gift is not found by the wise and the prudent only, and the gate of Thy pitifulness is not open to them alone, but to others also, in the age of infancy to whom nature hath allotted ignorance, amongst whom are these children who stand before Thee. Thy grace hath caught them in the life-giving net and hath laid them in the holy vessel of absolving Baptism, that thence they may be born with a new and spiritual birth to the increase of their faith ; and their bodies being unspotted with the pollution of sin, they may receive a cleansing that changeth not, and be members of Christ and nurtured at the table of His mysteries ; and that bodily stature and spiritual increase may together grow up in them ; and that Thy grace may teach them the power of the world to come, whereof thou hast now given them the type without their asking and Thou hast opened to them Thy door without their calling. With all the true children of Thy mysteries, let us return thanks for Thy gift unto them, and lift up unto Thee praise and honour and confession and worship, now and always and for ever and ever.
He signs each one of them on the forehead with the sign of the Cross ,
with the oil of anointing , with his forefinger , from below upwards and from right to left , saying ;
N. is signed with the oil of anointing in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit for ever.
And while he is signing them they enter the baptistery as they are , with the censer , the lights , the cross , and Gospel and the rest . And they begin the anthems , while they are being brought in .
ycr . Gather us to Thee, and bring us into Thy fold, and make us
n Thy s*§n- Make our infancy wise in Thy truth, that we may
^ j Jr ^ame every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son
and Holy Spirit for ever.
°pen unto me the gates of righteous¬ ness. The gates of the spiritual bride- chamber are opened for the absolution of the children of men ■ and now by
The priest begins , My heart welled up. The whole to its \jproper ] tune.
[Ps. xlv. i.] My heart welled
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( 65
the gift of the Spirit from heaven, mercies and compassion are given to every man. Enter therefore, ye who are bidden, into the joy which is prepared for you ; and with a pure and holy heart, and with faith in the truth, give thanks to Christ our Saviour.
The gates of heaven are opened . The gates of the spiritual bride-chamber,
etc.
Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit. O Gate of Truth opened to the lost, call us to enter Thy treasury on high.
From everlasting and for ever and ever. O Gate of Truth, etc.
up good words : I speak, my work is for the King. * Glory to Thee our Saviour Who hast honoured Thy Church which Thou hast chosen, and hast adorned her with all beauties.
[Ver. 1. Deacon , ver. 2; and so on alternately to the end of the psalm.~\
D eacon . Glory to Thee our Saviour, etc .
Priest. Glory to the Father
and to the Son and to the Holy
Spirit. From everlasting and for ever and ever. * Glory to Thee, our Saviour, etc .
Deacon. [Ver. i.] My heart
welleth up, etc. * Glory to Thee, our Saviour, etc.
Prayer. Elect us in Thy compassion, my Lord, with a good election, that we may serve before Thee with a spiritual ser¬ vice, O Thou Who findest us when we are lost and gath- erest us when we are scattered
The deacon says this Karuzutha ; Let us pray, Peace be with us. With supplication and humble prayer we offer our petition to the Divine Nature of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, even to Him Who alone is everlasting ; Who is the Cause and Maker of all created things, visible and invisible, Who from the beginning made the race of man mortal and corruptible, for the trial of his free-will; and now in the last times hath promised him resurrection from the dead, through the revelation of God the Word the Saviour of all. Who being equal with God took the likeness of a servant, and opened to us the way of new life through spiritual types. For the headship which He took from our race, He offered for baptism in the river Jordan, by the mediation of John the herald , and as in an image He fashioned and
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( 66 )
showed to us in His holy baptism the true resurrection and renewal which is in very deed given to us at the end of this world. And He delivered this mystery of Holy Baptism to the holy Apostles, when He sent them to call the nations and to convert the children of men ; and commanded them to make it the beginning of the Faith, and a schoolmaster of the fear of God and a sign of those that turn from the error of darkness to the know¬ ledge of the truth. And those apostles handed down this type to the priests and pastors of Christ’s flock, to be unto them for a token and for the making of disciples in all generations. Even now behold many are prepared to receive the gilt of Baptism in confession of the precious Passion of our Saviour, having committed their souls in faith and love, to Him Who in regeneration has renewed our frame, has pardoned our sin and has raised up our fall. And they look that by the holy token of absolving Baptism, they shall become members and like unto Him, Who is the Head of the Church, the First¬ born from the dead. Let us also make supplication with them and beseech on their behalf the compassionate God, that He will make them worthy of the incor¬ ruptible state shown forth by Christ Who is the first- fruits of the resurrection of life, sending on them the gift of the Spirit Who girdeth up the feebleness of their nature, that they be not doubtful of the visible mysteries, whereby they receive the good things to come which pass not away j and Who poureth forth the power of His
f mu a° LUP°n thC 0il and Water> that therein maY be e t e type of death and of resurrection, with the
earnest of the kingdom of heaven by the grace of Christ.
and when we are far off bringest us into Thy house¬ hold, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
on MyA fight hlnTu The L°rd said unto my Lord, Sit Thou
confess Thee our Lord T V £nemies ThY footstool. * We
’ our Lord Jesus, that in Thy humanity Thou art from
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Abraham and from David, and in Thy Being from Thy Father. [He repeats ver. i. The deacon says ver . 2 ,* and so on alternately to the end . After the deacon has said the last verse , the priest repeats it , then the deacon says it again and continues ,] We confess Thee, our Lord Jesus, etc. Priest. Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit. From everlasting and for ever and ever. * We confess Thee our Lord Jesus, etc. Deacon. The Lord said, etc. [ver. i.] * We confess Thee our Lord, Jesus, etc.
Prayer. Glory to Thee, Who, by the oil and water which Thou hast poured on our wounds, hast healed the in¬ firmity of our bodies, and by Thy Spirit hast cleansed as with a sponge the taint of sin from our souls, that Thou mightest make us pure temples to Thy honour, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
Or this^ Quick¬ en, my Lord, the dead who
The deaco?i says the Karuzutha , Let us pray, Peace be with us. Kneel down. Let us confess with humble prayer and beseech with supplication and entreat with faith towards God the Father ; Who in His abundant love towards us sent His Only-begotten Son into the world, and by the light of His revelation saved us from the error of darkness wherein we stumbled through the agency of Satan our captor. With all our heart and soul, let us confess the Son Who is of one nature with the Father, Who of His own will stooped down, and of His mercies put on our body, and thereby brought us near unto Himself, and renewed us in the truth of His doctrine, and showed us the way of light and the path of life. With tears of re¬ pentance, therefore, and with outcry of pure thoughts, let us make supplication to Jesus Christ the Physician of our souls, Who did not weary of our bruises, nor loathe our scars, but suffered long in His compassion, and bare with our frowardness by the mercies of His grace. With the medicine of His sayings He bound up our stripes and healed our sickness and raised up our fall. With our knees bent in prayer, let us confess Him Who stooped to be baptized by John, the Voice that called to repentance, not because His purity and stainlessness needed baptism in water, but that for us, defiled and spotted with sin, He might sanctify water by His holy Baptism, that by the hidden might and armour of the Spirit, wherewith those
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have waxed old in sin, bring back the erring to Thy fold, bring those that are far off into Thy house¬ hold, gather together the scattered into Thy Church, O good Shep¬ herd, Who wentest forth to seek us, and didst find us who were lost, by Thy grace and in Thy mercies, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
( 68 )
are clothed who are therein baptized in faith, Satan our enemy might be condemned. Let us confess Him therefore, our gracious King, Who willeth not the death of a sinner, but that he should turn from his wickedness and live ; Who in His gospel calleth to the penitent : Ask and it shall be given you, seek and ye shall find, knock and the treasure of mercies shall be opened unto you. Let us all therefore, being beloved children of holy baptism, pray for these our sons and daughters, who are about to receive the sign of life, denying Satan and all his works, and being perfected and fulfilled in the true faith of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, that they may be made worthy to receive this great and wonderful gift of grace, and to put off in absolving Baptism the old man who was corrupt in the lusts of error, and to put on by the washing of holy water the new man, who in God is created in righteousness and holiness of truth, and to receive from the holy altar the Body and Blood of Christ, an earnest of the" resurrection of life. May the holy angels have joy in heaven over them, and all the holy Church, for their union with the flock of Christ ; and in righteousness, in holiness and in good and right works, may they keep the gift of overflowing mercies which they receive through the Holy Spirit, Who will lead them from this world to the land of life and light, and may they be fellow-heirs with Christ. Pray we also for our holy fathers, Mar N. Catholicos, Patriarch, and Mar N. Metropolitan Bishop, who have been made mediators of this great and won¬ derful gift to which created beings are not sufficient. May He Who chose them, and gave them the fountain of life, given in mercies for the pardon of men and opened by means of them, grant that the Church enjoy¬ ing happy peace and the whole earth being in tranquillity, they may stand at the head of all their flocks, the sheep
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( 69 )
saved by the precious Blood, who are committed to their guidance in succeeding times. May they increase her by the addition of penitents, while they keep her entire and provide for her, and may they be made worthy to say unto our Lord with openness of face : Behold us and the children whom Thou hast given us, for by Thy com¬ passion we have been kept; and may they hear the voice of our Lord saying, Well done, good and faithful servants, ye have been faithful in a little, much shall be committed into your hands. Now let us all with one accord together, lift up glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, and may we be made worthy of the new life which passeth not away, in the kingdom of heaven by the grace of Christ.
He proceeds , Arise in the strength of God.
Canon , to [ the chant ] Pity and Pardon.
Priest. [Ps. cxxxii. i, 2.] Lord remember David, etc. * Blessed be He Who in heavenly types set up His Church and filled her with His glory, and gave by her absolving Baptism for sinners. [ He repeats vers. i, 2. The deacon says ver. 3, and so on alternately to the end of the psalmd\ Priest. Blessed be He, etc. Deacon. Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit. From everlasting and for ever and ever. * O Holy One Who didst let Thy Shechinah dwell on Mount Sinai and didst sanctify it with awe, let Thy peace dwell within Thy Church and sanctify her. Deacon. [Ver. 1, 2.] Lord remember, etc. * Pity and pardon, O our Saviour, stablish Thy Church and keep her children, by the prayer of all Thy saints.
The deacon says, Peace be with us.
Prayer. For all Thine unrequited aids and graces towards us let us confess Thee and glorify Thee without ceasing in Thy crowned Church filled with all aids and blessings. For Thou art the Lord and Creator of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
They proceed , Thee Lord of all we confess, and Thee Jesus Christ we
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rforifv. For Thou art the Quickener of our bodies and Thou art the Saviour of our souls. They , ay. The voice of the Lord ,s upon the waters ; the God of glory hath thundered. * Thee Lord of all we con ess, and Thee Jesus Christ, e,c. Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, from everlasting and for ever and ever. Thee Lord of all we confess, and Thee Jesus Christ, etc.
They pour water into the font at their discretion , x* that it rues above the head of him who is to be baptized ; and they cover the font with a veil and place the Cross and the Gospel above it.
Prayer . Thou, my Lord, art in truth the Quickener of our bodies and Thou art the good Saviour of our souls and the constant Preserver of our life. Thee my Lord we are bound to confess and worship and glorify at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit
for ever.
Prayer . Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy upon us.* Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit. * Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy upon us. * From ever¬ lasting and for ever and ever. * Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy upon us.
Prayer . Enlighten for us, our Lord and our God, the impulses of our thoughts, that we may hearken to and understand the sweet hearing of Thy life-giving and divine commands; and in Thy grace and mercies grant that we may gather from them profit, love, hope, and salvation, which are serviceable both to the soul and to the body ; and that we may sing to Thee constant praise without ceasing, at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
THE APOSTLE. Paul the Apostle. Epistle to the Corinthians. My brethren [pray ye,] Bless O my Lord [i Cor. x. i to 13].
Phey say this Station or Madras ha .*
Let the height and the depth confess with us : the Being Who created us and reneweth us. Verses . Among the multitudes the friend of the bridegroom . saw the living Lamb coming to be baptized ; and he cried out in fear, saying. I have need to be baptized of Thee; and the multi¬ tudes gazed in awe : on the living mystery of Baptism. * Let the height
1 A Doctrinal Hymn.
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( 71 )
and the depth confess with us, etc. * John beheld a great wonder : in the river Jordan when he was baptizing ; cherubin chanting Hallelujah and seraphin crying Holy : and the Holy Spirit descending and the Son receiving Baptism : and the Father crying and saying: This is my beloved Son in whom I am well-pleased. * Let the height and the depth confess
with us, etc .*
The deacon says , Be still and Iteep silence. The priest says^ Peace be with you. They answer , And with thee and with thy spirit.
THE GOSPEL. The priest reads. The holy Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, the preaching of John. [John ii. 23 to iii. 8.]
They answer , Glory to Christ our Lord.
The priest prays. O Lord God of hosts, we pray and beseech Thee, fulfil in us Thy grace and pour forth through us Thy gift, and may the mercies and compassion of Thy Godhead be for the pardon of the trespasses of Thy people and for remission of sins to all the sheep of Thy pasture, whom Thou hast chosen for Thyself in Thy grace and Thy mercies, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
The deacon says the Karuzutha , Father of mercies and that which follows it. [See Hal¬ lowing of the Apostles,
p. 6.]
1 The deacon says , Bow your heads for the im¬ position of hands and receive the blessing.
The priest repeats this [ prayer of the ] imposition of hands in a low voice. O Treasure enriching those receiving therefrom, O Thou Who art Rich and Whose gifts are not withheld from the needy, O Thou Who art good and dost not oppress Thy labourers, O Lord not neglectful of Thy servants, hear, my Lord, in Thy compassion the prayer of Thy servants and receive in Thy pitifulness the petition of Thy worshippers and answer our requests in Thy mercies out of Thy rich treasury. And of Thy grace, keep the beloved flock of Thy pasture from all harm, and make Thy peace to dwell among us all the days of the world, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
He raises his voice and says , As our souls agree in the one perfect faith of Thy glorious Trinity, so may we all in one accord and love be made
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worthy to lift up to Thee praise and honour and confession and adoration at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever. The deacon says , Whoso hath not received baptism, let him depart ; whoso doth not receive’ the sign of life, let him depart ; whoso doth not accept it, let him depart. Go, ye hearers and watch the doors.
While the anthem is being said the priest pours oil into the flagon and places it on the altar and covers it with a veil, the priests and deacons standing on the right and on the left . And one of the priests takes the horn 1 in his hand and stands at the right of the altar which is set up in the baptistery . And if there be no other priest the chief deacon holds it standing by the throne , lights being field ] near them .
Anthems to [ the chant ] The Blessed Martyrs.
Holy and aweful is His name. Thy Bap- tism with water hath sanctified our souls and proclaimed our resurrection. Spiritual beings with John stood by in great amaze¬ ment ; He Who sanctifieth the nations by His Baptism received baptism from His ser¬ vant, that He might free the race of mortals. Thou hast given a sign to them that fear Thee. Thy Baptism, etc.
Thou hast led us through fire and water. Thy Baptism, etc.
Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit. In the river Jordan John baptized the Lamb of God, and when He was ascending from the water the Holy Spirit of Truth, in the bodily form of a dove, descended and abode on the head of our Saviour after He was baptized.
From everlasting and for ever and ever. In the river Jordan, etc.
And when the anthem is concluded they say , We believe in one God, etc. en the priest draws near to consecrate the oil, and kneels before the altar.
The priest repeats this G'hantha in a low voice ; Our The deacon
gracious God, Who in the time which Thy wisdom pre- Let us
to have been hande/downTmm^6 IC0.nfused with the flag°n, contains the holy oil, thought
n ‘r0m St‘ J°hn- See “ Catholicos of the East,” p. 269.
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( 73 )
destined didst ordain a good end for Thy creation and didst save it from death by Thy merciful will, and hast appointed me, O my Lord, a mediator to administer Thy gift ; not because my ways are spotless nor because my conversation is worthy of T hy embassy hast Thou set me apart to bring near to Thee that which Thou hast formed, but in Thine infinite riches and in Thine unsearchable providence, hast Thou ordained that Thy riches shall be bestowed through my hands to those who need the gift of Thy grace, O Giver of our lives. Make me worthy, O my Lord, in Thy pitifulness, to be a mediator of this service that it may receive the completion of Thy gift.
pray, Peace be with us. Pray ye for the memorial [see page is).
Canon.
And may we lift up to Thee praise and honour and confession and adora¬ tion, now and always and for ever and ever. He signs himself, \ and says , Peace be with you. They answer. And with thee and with thy spirit. Then he lifts the veil that is on the flagon and winds it round the flagon, saying.
Canon.
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God the Father and
the fellowship of the Holy Spirit, be with us all, now and always and for ever and ever.
He makes the sign over the oil that is in the flagon ; and proceeds , Lift
up your minds. They answer , Unto Thee, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Israel, O glorious King.
He proceeds. Let us confess and worship and glorify God, the Lord of all. They answer. It is meet and right.
The deacon says , Peace be with us.
e priest repeats this g'hantha in a low voice over the oil. Unto Thee Who art rich in love and overflowing in compassion and kind in g ace and unspeakable in glory, our Lord and our Creator and our enefactor we cry and entreat, that by Thy Will, O God the Father, and
M aV rn °f THy °nl^"begotten Son °ur Lord Jesus Christ, THERE ME grace from the gift of the Holy Spirit, Who is of Thee
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( 74 )
in His perfect Person and is partaker of Thy Being and of Thy Creator- ship. May He mingle in this oil and grant to all those who are anointed with it the earnest of the resurrection from the dead, given unto the per¬ fecting of adoption and unto deliverance from sinful passions and unto the fruition of heavenly rest. For Thou in the wisdom of Thy dispensation, hast advanced this world by the coming of Thy Christ, to a mind worthy of Thy Trinity and hast renewed it with spiritual gifts befitting the know¬ ledge of Thy faith. For the holy oil which Thou gavest to the ancients for a sign and faculty of the temporal priesthood and of the transitory kingdom, Thou hast now committed to the priests of the Church that it may be for a token and for a parable of those who depart from earthly to heavenly things in an immortal body and unchangeable soul, being circumcised with the circumcision not of hands in the putting off of sinful flesh by the circumcision of Christ. May they be made worthy with those heavenly and holy hosts in fear and trembling to glorify Thee, the Lord of hosts the King of all ;
Canon .
Crying and praising without ceasing, calling one to another and saying, They answer , Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of hosts ; heaven and earth are full of Thy praises and of the nature of Thy Being and of the excellency of Thy glorious splendour. Hosanna in the highest. Hosanna to the Son of David. Blessed be He Who came and Who cometh in the Name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest.
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( 75 )
Ca?ion .
And to Thee and to Him and to the Holy Spirit may we lift up glory and honour and confession and adoration, now and always and for ever and ever. He makes the sign over the oil.
Then the priest takes the horn of oil from the hands of him who held it and signs the oil that is in the cruse upon the throne with the oil in the horn , in the Sign of the Cross , from east to west and from north to south , saying , This oil is signed and consecrated and mingled with the holy oil that it may be for a type of incorruptibility in absolving Baptism. In the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit for ever. They answer , Amen.
Then he gives the horn to him who held it ; and proceeds , saying^ And make us worthy, our Lord and our God, to stand before Thee constantly without spot, with a pure heart and with an open face, and in that freedom of speech which is given- to us by Thee in Thy mercies so that we all with one accord may call upon Thee saying on this wise ; They say , Our Father which art in heaven.
They cover the consecrated cruse , and then go towards the Jordan , that is the font of water ; they stand at its right and left , the thurifer also , and they place the Cross and the Gospel on the east of the font above it until the water be consecrated, and the priest takes up the veil where¬ with the font is covered and prostrates himself ; and the deacon says , Let us pray, Peace be with us.
The priest says , The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God the Father and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with us all, now and always and for ever and ever. He signs the water and the deacon says , Pray in your minds, Peace be with us.
The priest repeats this g hantha in a low voice . From Thy grace, O
our Maker, which is the spring of living waters, is the need of Thy
reation fulfilled , unto Thee are manifold requests offered whereon follow
g 8^ven > from the great riches of Thy pitifulness is help ren-
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c a le knowledge didst cause us to enter at the beginning this
P e world, and in the time that pleased Thee Thou didst give us
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( 76 )
the good news of* our renewal and restoration through our Lord Jesus Christ, Who by the type of His Baptism signified the resurrection from the dead and commanded us that in the mystery of His Baptism we should make a new and spiritual birth for those that believe. For the Holy Spirit Who is of the glorious being of Thy Trinity, by means of visible water, renews according to His will our ancient form, and by His grace pours into us the earnest of incorruptibility ; Who also descended and abode on Our Saviour when He fashioned the type of this holy Baptism.
The deacon says , Stand in quiet and in awe. Peace be with us.
[Priest.] MAY THERE COME, O MY LORD, the same Spirit on this water also, so that it may receive might for the help and salvation of those who are baptized therein ;
Canon.
That they being perfected in body and in soul may lift up to Thee praise and honour and confession and adoration, now and always and for ever and ever. He signs the water , and they answer , Amen.
Then the priest takes the horn of oil and signs the water , pouring it
upon it in the form of a cross , and saying , This water is signed and
consecrated and mingled with the holy oil, that it may become a new
womb bringing forth spiritually in absolving baptism. In the name of
the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit for ever. They answer , Amen.
The priest proceeds , sayingj The holy [Thing] is meet and right, unto one divine nature.
They answer , One Holy Father, one Holy Son, one Holy Spirit, for ever and ever. Amen.
The deacon says , Praise ye the' living God.
e consecrating priest stands by the cruse of oil and t e ot er priest by the font of water , their faces east¬ ward. And the deacons bring in the children, stripping
Then they say one of the Madrashas of
of the Sancta falcAis (feTZle be'n2 ™odelIed on the Liturgy, this passage is an imitation
for those who are to be united SerehJ ’ TT* £ mea"that the holy water of BaPtism is meet
ereDy t0 the Divine Nature.
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( 77 )
off their garments and taking their ear-rings , their the Epiphany ,'
necklaces and their rings, and asking their names , and that none be
these they make known to the priest. And the deacons unoccupied.
gird their loins , putting their stoles under the girdle
of their loins that neither oil nor water may touch
them. And/or each child whom they bring in there
shall be a napkin in which he may be received on the
shoulders of the deacon. And when they bring in the
children the priest anoints each severally on the breast
with three fingers , downwards and from right to left
with the sign of the Cross , saying , N. is signed in the
Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy
Spirit for ever, thereby showing that he imprints the
knowledge of the Trinity in his heart and that it
is given from above.
Then those who are prepared anoint the whole body
of him who has been anointed by the priest , in a
discreet and orderly manner ( excepting a full-grown
woman or man) ; and they turn him on his back as
before with no omission. And when they have anointed
him leaving no spot unanointed they then bear him
to the priest who is standing by the font. And he
places him m the font , the child's face being towards
the east , and immerses him three times, at the first
saying, N. is baptized in the Name of the Father. They
answer. Amen. And at the second. In the Name of
the Son. They answer, Amen. And at the third , In
the Name of the Holy Spirit for ever. They answer ,
Amen.
He tmmerses the child in water up to his neck and lays his hand upon his head and immerses it in water and takes the child up from the font and gives him to the deacon. And the deacon receives him into a white cloth and gives him to his sureties— that is, to his
' These are of considerable length.
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( 78 )
sponsors, ‘then they clothe him in clean garments. , but not putting a cap or covering on his head until it is bound on by the priest after the last signing. So with all the children one after another. And see , 0 our brother , beware of taking the children within the sanctuary as do some who are without knowledge, for this is quite forbidden. And let there be circumspec¬ tion regarding the girls that they be anointed dis¬ creetly. And when they have put on the garments of those who have been baptized, the priest goes out to the great door of the holy place, and with him the deacons and the Cross and the Gospel and the censer and the lights and the horn of oil, and they bring near those that have been baptized unto the door of the holy place.
And they pray. Glory to Thee, my Lord, Who hast chosen Thy Church in Thy Christ, and hast adorned her with heavenly loveliness, and hast made her children treasurers to divide Thy riches to the needy, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
Canon to [the chant\ From Error.
Priest. [Ps. xcv.] O come let us glorify the Lord and sing to our God, the Saviour. * From error from guilt and from death our Lord hath saved us in His Baptism. Let us worship Him and glorify Him. [He repeats ver . i, the deacon says ver. 2, and so on alternately to the end of ver . 7.] From error from guilt and from death, etc . Priest . Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit. From everlasting and for ever and ever. Oh Thou Who saidst in Thy Gospel to Thy disciples, Knock and I will open, open the door unto our
prayer. The deacon repeats ver . 1. O Thou Who saidst in Thy Gospel, etc .
Prayer . Accept my Lord, in Thy mercies these sheep and lambs and this flock who have been signed with Thy holy sign and write their names with the Church of the First-born in heaven, that they may confess and
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( 79 )
glorify Thy glorious Trinity at every season, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
The priest repeats this [prayer of the] imposition of hands,1 passing his hand over the head of each , and saying in an audible voice , Great, O my Lord, are the wonderful acts of Thy dispensation and our nature is unequal to the narration of them. For from the beginning of our existence we have polluted the honour of our free-will, through the seduction of our captor Satan, and we have rejected the confession of Thy Godhead by the worship of that which is no God. But Thy grace did not leave us to that perdition of which we were worthy by reason of our wickednesses, but by the revelation in the flesh of the Only-begotten from Thee, God the Word, Thou ha&t turned us back towards Thee and hast made us worthy to know Thee and hast raised the low estate of our nature, by taking our headship, and hast appointed us heirs of the blessings
to come which pass not away. When the time came for which we
waited for the adoption and the redemption of our bodies, Thou gavest us the earnest of consolation, the grace of the Holy Spirit which is received from the holy mysteries of spiritual baptism; even as to-day these Thy servants and hand-maidens have drawn near and have put on this Thy gift, and have thereby been set free from their sinful passions and have become pure members of the body of Christ, Who is the Head of our life. And we look that Thy grace shall keep them in chastity of life, and in pious conversation, that being filled with faith and right eousness they may receive the precious shining forth of our Saviour Jesus Christ
unto the fruition of the new life which is imperishable. And may we
lift up to Thee praise and honour and confession and adoration, now and always and for ever and ever.
He signs them , and says this [ prayer of the] imposition of hands over one and all of them . May the earnest of the Holy Spirit which ye 2 have ei\ed, and the mysteries of Christ which ye have taken, and His living g hich ye have accepted, and the new life which ye have gained, and armour of righteousness which ye have put on, keep you from the
Confirmation is administered at the only, without oil.
same time as Baptism, by the laying on of hands
1 The pronouns are written so as to be capable of change.
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Evil one and his hosts ; and sanctify your members in chastity. May this signing which ye have accepted, be to you unto the blessings to come that pass not away, at the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ j and in the new world may He set you at His right hand, and may ye lift up glory and confession and adoration to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, now and always and for ever and ever.
He signs their foreheads with the thumb of his right hand from below upwards and from right to left , saying , N. is baptized and complete, in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit for ever. They answer , Amen.
Then he sets crowns on their heads saying , Thou hast set upon his head a glorious crown ; he asked life of Thee and Thou gavest it unto him. Or this , The crown of N. is woven, unto feasts and rejoicings, in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit for ever.
The priest takes the horn , and stand - mg above the font pours the oil from the cruse into the horn ; and if any of the oil remains in the cruse he casts it with the cruse into the' font .
They pray , It is due, my Lord, that we should lift up constant praise and honour and confession and adoration and thanksgiving unto Thy glorious Trinity, for the gifts of the holy mysteries which Thou hast given us in Thy compassion for the absolu¬ tion of our trespasses ; O Lord of all,
Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
Another. Blessed be Thy adorable honour from Thine exalted place • Who pardonest our debts and our sins and Who passest over our
Then they enter the baptistery and begin the anthems .
Holy and aweful is His Name . Our Father which art in heaven hallowed be Thy name : Thy kingdom come Thy will be done.
I will alway give thanks unto the Lord . Blessed be Christ Who hath sanctified us in His Baptism : and hath given us a type of eternal life. And blessed be the name of His honour for ever . Blessed be He Who in His Baptism hath sanctified for our salvation : an absolving womb in the mystery of His praise.
For He is the Lord our God . One Lord one faith one baptism for the remission of debts.
A King great above all gods , Our King with us and our God
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offences in Thy glorious holy life- giving and divine mysteries, O Christ the Hope of our nature, at every
season tor ever.
Prayer, The new sons whom Thou hast begotten in Thy holy Baptism, from a spiritual bosom, worship Thee. O my Lord fulfil Thy gift in Thy servants, forbid from them shameful things, that they may keep in purity the glorious garment where¬ with Thou in Thy compassion hast clothed them, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever. Another, May the great aid of Thy Godhead, my Lord, accompany these Thy worshippers who have been baptized in Thy Name, to per¬ fect and fulfil at every season the will of Thy Sovereignty, O Lord of all, Father and Son and Holy Spirit for ever.
with us : and our Helper the God of Jacob.
Blessed are the people that are in such a case. Blessed are the people that are in such a case : blessed are the people whose God is the Lord. For He is our God, Christ Who wast baptized and didst shine forth and enlighten all : make Thy peace to dwell amongst Thy people which Thou hast chosen for Thyself. Create in 7ne a pure heart 0 God, Grant us O Christ, that with a pure heart : and in good works we may perfect Thy will.
Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit , In Jerusalem which is above before the j udgment seat of Christ, there may the names of Thy servants be written. From everlasting and for ever and ever. Thy Shining forth, our Saviour, hath given joy to creation and hath promised blessings and eternal life.
Conclusion, Let us raise glory and honour and confession and adoration
unto Thee, O Most High Who didst descend and put on the flesh of our
humiliation, and madest us one with Thee in all things of Thy Godhead
and didst promise us that Thou wouldst make us heirs of Thy glory and
children of Thy own inheritance in the fellowship of Thine honour. May
Thy mercies and Thy compassion be upon us all continually; and to Thee
and through Thee to Thy Father and to the Holy Spirit may we lift up
praise and honour and confession and adoration, now and always and for ever and ever.
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( 82 )
Prayer to loose the water [from its consecration ]. O Blessed and Holy One Who art alive for evermore, Who art from everlasting, and Whose depth is unsearchable by man j Thou of Thy will hast created us and hast not withheld Thy gift from us who have called on Thy Name, but hast sent unto us Thy Holy Spirit. These waters have been consecrated with Amen and with the same Amen let them be loosed from their consecration, let them return unto their former nature. For all these Thy aids and graces towards us let us lift up unto Thee praise and honour and con¬ fession and adoration, now and always and for ever and ever. He does not make the sign of the cross over the water , but puts his hand into it and washes the cruse in the waters of the fordan , and troubles the water and grasps and turns it round hastily within the water as one who would snatch something from it . And he throws a little ordinary water into the for dan and then the priests who celebrated baptism wash the cruse and their hands and faces . A?id every one who anointed and who baptized and who came near to the baptism shall wash i?i the font . Then they cast aside the water in a pure and untr odden place . If there be an orifce they open it and let the water out thence so that it is not trodden by any one as when others pour it out in the ?iave frotn ignoratice. If a man come and desire baptism they do not consecr ate the same water again but bring other and consecrate it. And know that baptism is by no means to be administered without consecration , except that if any one come near unto death they give him baptism.
Here endeth the Order of Baptism , without omission.
To God be glory , and upon us His tnercies and compassion.
Tea and A?nen.
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[ From a Manuscript of the ftlu District .']
THE ORDER OF KNEADING AND PREPARING [THE
BREAD] AND OF THE MIXTURE.
They begin. Our Father, etc.
Prayer. Make us worthy, O our Lord and our God, to walk in the ways of virtue which are well-pleasing to and propitiate Thy Majesty, and may our desire be in Thy law, and may we meditate in it night and day, O Lord of all, Father Son and Holy Ghost, for ever. He says Ps. i.—xxx. inclusive , three hulali : before each subdivision of which is said a prayer similar to the above.2 3 *'
During the Psalms the priest brings fine fiour and olive oil and warm water and mixes them together , and pours into them leaven f and puts salt in according to his discretion , He says the three hulali until the dough is made. IHhen it is made he makes a mark on the dough* in
the middle , on the east , west, north , and south ; and covers it well until the time of preparing the bread.
THE ORDER OF PREPARING [THE BREAD].
When he prepares the bread he first takes the portion for the antidoron 5 from the top of the dough , and then the leaven ,6 * and then takes frotn the middle of the dough the priest's loaf1 and makes in it a square hollow ,8 and puts m it a little olive oil kept for the purpose , and goes and briny s the matkap and says Ps. cxlv. 1-7 to “ shewed. ” He opens the vessel an ta es with two fingers some of the malka , and says :
Hulala. A subdivision of a
1 ^Kintpd \n the second Part of the Takhsa (Urmi, ,892).
Hulala is «llSedaSMaar^aded(See0 T- Calkd a
3 yu j- , ' wee note 3 in the Liturgy, p. i.)
; w;,h I kepl fro" ,he baki"s-
6 Fo/futurTuse A^td "T1" 'l the. received interpretation.
7 i.e. The principal host 13 ^ ^ Sach Ume t0 leaven the next bakin
’ The holy leaven, preserved in th r ‘ ^ “ f°nt’’
is handed down from veneration , thC sanctuary of each church, and renewed yearly. It
office is kkmira, the usual word. ° generatI0n- The Syriac equivalent for *■ leaven ’’ in this
‘g-
( 8+ )
This dough is signed and hallowed with old and holy leaven of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was given and handed down to us by our holy fathers Mar Adai and Mar Mari and Mar Thomas the apostles, who made disciples of this Eastern region ; In the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. He signs the dough in the form of a cross.
He then takes the malka and signs the oil in the priest's loaf in the same way. He also takes with two fngers some of the malka , saying :
This broken portion is signed and hallowed with this holy leaven ; In the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.
He puts on the cover of the vessel containing the malka and goes and carries it to its place , that is to the holy place , saying Ps. xxiv. i— 6 inclusive , and says :
Our King is with us and our God is with us : and our helper is the God of Jacob. Blessed are the people that are in such a case. Blessed are the people that are in such a case. Blessed are the people whose God is the Lord.
He proceeds with Ps. xxiv. 7, 8, and hangs the vessel in its place and proceeds , beginning :
Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace and a good hope to mankind.
Our Father, etc. [with farcings].
He says Ps. Ixxxii.—ci. inclusive , while signing and kneading the bread. And when he has finished the preparation , he goes to the oven and says ;
He brought me also out of the horrible pit, [out of the mire and clay ; and set my feet upon the rock and ordered my goings].
He fills the censer with coals of fire and hangs it up and covers the fire in the oven until it has got somewhat low. He wipes the \_sides of the oven '] well and uncovers the fire. He takes a little incense and puts it in the fire , saying :
This earthen vessel is hallowed in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost.
He proceeds. Holy God, thrice ( see page 3).
1 The oven, made of clay, is built into the ground or into the wall. Wood is burnt at the bottom, and the cakes adhere to the sides until they are baked.
( 85 )
He puts his hand in the oven and takes the priest's loaf ' in his hand,
The King of kings came down to be baptized, and bowed His head before John that He might be baptized of him.
He arranges the priest's loaf on the east side of the oven , and another on the west , saying : On the east and on the west. Then another on the north and another on the south , saying : On the north and on the south. And another on the right of the priests loaf saying . Titus on the right hand. And another on the left , saying : Dumachus on the £Two robbers were crucified with the one heavenly Treasure . the one on His right hand would not cease from his robbery, but in his last robbery robbed the Paradise of Eden.2] For the others he says , May they be fat and sweet and shew that the Lord is true, strong and blameless. When he has done arranging them he says thrice : As the fragrance of the good incense and the savour of the sweet censer, receive O Christ our Saviour the request and prayer of Thy servants.
He takes a little incense and throws it into the oven , which he covers ,
saying thrice : Hallelujah, Hallelujah. Glory to Thee O God.
He proceeds . Glorious art Thou, O our Lord ; and it is meet that we
should glorify Thee day by day for ever and ever. Amen. * Glory
to Christ, and confession to Him who opened our mouth and granted
unto us that we should sing hallelujahs and praises to Him, repeat thrice ;
the third time say : Sing and glorify Him. * Let us glorify the Father,
the Son and the Holy Ghost for ever. Amen. Repeat thrice . * Our
mouth is not sufficient to confess Thee, O our Lord, all the days of our
life for Thy grace, repeat thrice ; the third time say : to honour and
glorify Thee. Continuation . Have compassion upon us by Thy grace,
O Thou Who art a merciful Lord to us mortals, and have mercy upon us.
O Thou before Whom no man living is pure indeed, Thou O my Lord
didst turn us from all error. Thou art God, and for Thee glory is meet for ever and ever. Amen.
They proceed . Peace be with us.
■ Syr. “The portion with the malka,” or (as here) “ ma!
• he WOrds in S(*uare brackets are omitted from the copyist s error.
manuscript, apparently by a
( 86 )
Prayer. For all Thine unrequited aids [see page 3).
They proceed. Thee, Lord of all, vve confess ( see page 3).
Prayer. Thou, my Lord, art in truth [see page 3).
Deacon. Lift up your voice all ye His people and glorify the living God. Ansxver. Holy God thrice [see page 3 ).
Prayer. Holy and Glorious [see page 4).
Deacons. Bow your heads for the laying on of hands and receive the blessing.
Prayer. With our souls in accord with the one perfect faith of Thy glorious Trinity, may we all in one concord of love be worthy to raise to Thee praise and honour, confession and worship at all times, Lord of all, Father Son and Holy Ghost for ever.
They proceed to these anthems.
Thou art a priest for ever. O High Priest of our religion and our Absolver, O Christ Who wast for us an acceptable and blameless sacrifice : we ask of Thee forgiveness of our trespasses : when the judgment seat is set. For Thou art persuaded by Thy sufferings in our nature in it Thou didst suffer and wast tempted for our salvation.
Be ye watchful and sin not. Ye disciples of Christ and sons of the mysteries beware of mixing with heathen and apostates : that your faith be not made void : and the baptism which ye received : made useless by the customs ye would acquire from them : destructive of body and soul. He healeth those that are broken in heart. Our Lord gave the medicine of repentance : to the skilled physicians who are the priests of the Church. Let him whom Satan hath stricken with the wounds of wickedness : come and shew his sores to the disciples of the wise physician : and they will heal him with spiritual medicine.
Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Ghost. By the prayer of the Blessed One may peace reign in creation : and by the request of the Virgin : may the children of the Church be preserved. * May the Power which came down from on high : and hallowed and adorned her to His honour : that she might bear the true Light : and the Hope and Life of all creatures : be with us and amongst us : all the days of our life. May He heal the sick and infirm : and those who are cast into temptations. May He bring back those who are journeying afar in safety to their homes :
( 87 )
that they be not hurt by the Evil one. * May those who travel by sea : be freed from the billows : and those who journey on dry land : be delivered from barbarians. May those who have been carried captive : be released from their bonds. May Thy compassion comfort the sorrows : of those who are taken by force. If any are harassed by the Evil one, may Thy great strength rebuke him : and pardon those who walk in sin : and forgive their trespasses. May Thy Godhead be pleased : with those who have offered offerings : and raise those who have fallen asleep in Thy hope : and quicken them by Thy grace. May we who have taken refuge : in the prayer of the Blessed One, the holy Virgin Mary : mother of Jesus our Saviour, be kept by it from the Evil one : and conquer all his wiles. * And in that great day of searching : when the dead rise from the graves : and the good are separated from the evil : may we be worthy to have our jov with her : in the bride-chamber of the kingdom on high : and to sing threefold praise to the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.1
From Everlasting , etc . The ranks and orders of the Spiritual ones : with the priests in the Church, are singing praise : for a memorial of the holy martyr : St. George who did brave deeds and conquered and was crowned. * He endured sufferings and troubles : fire and the sword and stoning. The persecutors inflicted on him : many and various torments. He put the wicked king to shame : who persecuted the good servants. He brought low the excellency of his power : and the gods which he worshipped. Zeus and Apollo and Artemis : the work of men’s hands. The giant of strength St. George cried : and said to the nobles of the king : Ye shall not worship idols : carved and wrought by artificers. Lo Christ is the King of kings : and Lord of all gods : He giveth an inheritance to all that fear Him : a bridechamber and good things that pass not away. He clotheth with glory in His kingdom : the illustrious martyrs who believed in Him. * Kneeling in prayer before his Lord he besought and prayed, saying : Take away by Thy grace : from all who keep the commemoration : of this day of my persecution : hail and amine and pestilence : locust, young locust and caterpillar : the blast that estroys the fields. And the terror of the night : and all evil confusions : "eep all the inhabited world : by the great power of Thy Godhead.1
om the Special Anthems at the Wednesday night service.
( 88 )
And let all the people say Amen and Amen. Among companies clothed with light : and the bands of Angels : the bridechamber is kept for thee in heaven : at the right hand of the King Christ our Saviour. * O our illustrious and holy Father : Mar N. the victorious : who didst work a work of righteousness : in the Church, the spouse of Christ : and didst love fast and prayer : and perfect and true love. * And to prove the place where thy illustrious body is laid up : well forth helps : and healing to all that are afflicted : and take refuge in thy prayers. * Great is the power by which thou didst conquer the devil : and which brought thee to the land which is full of good things. And now for us all beseech : that with thee we may sing in the kingdom : a new praise which ceases not : to Father Son and Floly Spirit.'
And so forth , as many anthems as he wills , while he is taking the bread out of the oven and putting it on the paten. He then [ takes a little fire from the oven and puts it in the censer , anf takes a little incense , and says :
This earthen vessel is loosed [from its sanctification], and let it return to its former nature, in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.
He scatters the incense within , not in the form of a cross ; and then goes down from the oven with the paten in his right hand , and the censer in his left , and takes them into the holy place saying Ps. xcvi. i-o to holiness. He sets the paten in the recess on the right of the altar and hangs the censer in its place. He then goes out of the holy place to the P lace of the Deacon 2 to mix the chalice.
DIRECTION FOR MIXING THE CHALICE.
First he brings a flagon of choice wine and holds it in his right hand and the chalice in his left hand , and pours wine into the chalice in the form of a cross, from east to west and north to south , saying :
The precious blood of our Saviour is poured into this chalice in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost, for ever.
1 From the Special Anthems at the Wednesday night service.
3 The Baptistery, on the south side of the sanctuary, also used as a vestry and, in many churches, for the baking of the bread.
( 8, )
He then takes a jar of water and pours it into the chalice in the sa?ne way in the sign of the cross , saying :
Water is mixed with wine and wine with water. And let them both be one, in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost.
He takes the flcigon of wine and pours it into the chalice , saying :
One of the soldiers struck the side of our Lord with a spear, and forth¬ with came there out blood and water. And he that saw it bare record and his record is true, and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye also might believe. In the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, for ever.
Here endeth the Order of P reparation.
Unto God be glory.
THE END.
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