Live Stock Sanitary Laws of Montana also Rules and Regulations and Orders of the Montana Live Stock Sanitary Board ~ em | ‘ / P a Re 27 § October 1, 1917 ae alate E Live Stock Sanitary Laws of Montana also | Rules and Regulations and Orders of the Montana Live Stock Sanitary Board October 1, 1917 _ The rules and regulations of the Montana Live Stock Sanitary Board follow as closely as possible the rules and regulations of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry. Credit for all instructions and quotations obtained from the Bureau of Animal Industry is hereby acknowledged. All proclamations and orders heretofore promulgated but not contained in this phamplet have been recinded. W. J. BUTLER. p. of De JAN 9 1918 NOPIO pemrssn POPOLD MONTANA LIVE STOCK SANITARY BOARD. BURKE State Veterinary Surgeon DR. W. J. BUTLER “ : CHAIRMAN DAN. J. DONOHUE, M. D. VICE-CHAIRMAN WwW. J -BUTLER, .D. V. S:_ SECRETARY HOGAN, MONTANA BUTTE, MONTANA HELENA, MONTANA Chief Deputy State Veterinary Surgeon DR. E. D. NASH District Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons . A. HATTERSCHEID . J. JOHNSON . B. SMITH . F. WILKINS . W. RICHARDSON . D. NASH . T .GUNN . H. WIGHT 7 GC. BOYD District Sheep Inspector JOHN C. Glendive In Charge Miles City In Charge Billings In Charge Lewistown’ In Charge Malta In Charge Helena In Charge Butte In Charge Great Falls ‘In Charge Special Deputy on Tuber’n Testing Helena TAYLOR, Bynum, Montana District Nos. 1 and 3 District No. District No. District No. District No. District No. District No. District No. OON®D OID Resident Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons Fred Moran, Fairfield Dr. E. S. Mohr, Plentywood F. Mitchell, Anaconda DR. R. Bach, Medicine Lake Dr. F. M L. Brawner, Livingston : Dr. W. H. Cheney, Polson Dr.+G. L. DeVore, Bozeman Dr: E: N. Frisch, Glasgow Dr. W. S. Gray, Miles City Dr. R. H. Gahagan, Warden tae DOR . J. Hartman, Bozeman 2 Dr=..E. G. Helterline, Plains Dre Je T. Hull, -Conrad Dr: -E- E. Knowles, Helena Dr. H. D. Knowles, Missoula Drei: T. Knowles, Missoula Dr2 G- H. Knox, Great Falls Dr: GC. F. Leslie, Kalispell Dr. G. H. Mehn, Harlowton Drok.wG. E. Mock, Rygate Dri Gas. . A. C. Morrow, Dillon Dra: Nelson, Colubus Newton, Ringling Norman ,Townsend Nutting, Great Falls Red Rock Rathbun, Scobey Remer, Stanford Lewistown Reynolds, Columbia Falls Bozeman . Schultz, Lewistown Sharp, Moore Steinberg, Chinook . Stevens, Stevensville Utley, Twin Bridges W. Vinsel, Plevna Dr. Howard Welch, Bozeman Dr. J. D. C. Wipf, Belgrade Chemist EMIL STARZ, Helena Clerk FRED A. MOTZ, Jr. TABLE OF CONTENTS Live Stock Sanitary Board, its powers and duties. Chapter 157, Session Laws of 1917: Sreamon oD the sanitary. -Board. 0-6 er en x Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons....... SD aT es dale te NEE SOS PEM OVateNt “OL SPCClalists.. fi 252.5555 0%. a ees ee Appointment of Federal Inspectors as tee State PRO ELUM I Viet RUE SOUS yi ase eet hae ee, Powers and Duties of State Veterinary Surgeon............ Rowers and: duties. of Sanitary Board...) ss Pitan ne. When “OTdered- «2.725 foto oe ee Bee Removal of live stock from quarantined areas............... SlawmenLer o1-diseased live .Stogk.. se be Ble Payment for animals and property destroyed........22.......... When- compensation shall not be paid....-....2..2.222022.202..... Compensation by Federal Government.......0...20022022.222222... Notice to owners of animals or property condemned...... Expenses for treating or burying animals...-.....2..22-22..... ‘ammroncement of sheep. quarantine. .2e ic. 2c. eee eck eee Perey aerevs UTLEY OC Pe OC Eh woth eke a Fe Oe eS A Official supervision of dipping...........- OSI De SPS LS gt Quarantine of infected premises and diseased animals Duty of railroad company to notify State Veterinary Bree ig tneeeo ad pe EE o ea ee i Ra as Owner or agent of imported sheep to notify State Vet- SPiN Vet Mer eOMies bo een) So het ah oe oe OT eS BoM ee Oe PEE GTS COLUM ooo ee es seats cba Or) CEE) alent | doe Dipping of sheep temporarily in the state__.....2....... heriiMcaire to Tun a puplic’ buck. herds) hk Penne rewlin £eStior dairy Cattie 2.20 ee ne. reuse nol Lap ebCUulLine Carlie” 2 c22 Coos) Coe Duty of state and local Boards of Health.............0000002...... Notice of existence of disease to be givemn..__........0 0. Boards to have authority to administer oaths.................. RWEetMICIOn. Of WOrds, and =phrases 2) 28. =* ek ae LESTE SGV RUSS es tees Sy ONS aa ee AN es etc Setar A een He Mel tik a ee Meualvics “lor violating, Guarantimen. ee a: Diseased animals not to run at large..-..... Ne eee oN ee Penalties for allowing diseased animals to run at large eW.teteCOMStifules. breaking VotMarantine. 2.02 oe 622... : nepert of State Veterinary Surgeon _...5-: Ba Bees Ae ee ee LTE tale WVU eels et nk ote ee eae ee ee Mat EAE Pee, eres CoS Sa tent ere 1S a eA An act directing the levying of a tax on Live Stock for the payment of indemnity for animals or property de- stroyed, etc. Chapter 127, Session Laws of 1915.__.._.... Relative to the sale of carcasses of animals affected with an infectious contagious disease. Chapter 39, Session GA VES CO, TOMES Se a ey Sos oe DEAE TRL oy Oe Ed aie 2 oe Regulating the sale and distribution of tuberculin. Chap- FOr WPS. SeSaIOly “lad ws nOr GhLOi Toute Ne oe ra ie rs stallions running on the open range. Chapter 125, Session TRE CASSIDY Bee! REMARRIED Re iN ce aE Ve a ERE Regulating the running at large of bulls on the public Range. Chapter 62, Session Laws of 1917 ..................... Regulating the public service of stallions and jacks in Montana; with amendments to date. Chapter 108, Ses- eo Om liane Of LOU 9: 27 te cas ene _ Extracts from the Pure Food Law relative-to dairies and Sec. ‘Page 9 10 slat ame cr 12 15 15 15 16 18 19 19 21 21 21 22 22 TABLE OF CONTENTS Sec dairy products. Chapter 130, Session Laws of 1911........ Sections from the Penal Code: Killing or selling meat of a calf less than four weeks OL ia sie NU Ts SE ees Oe cre ree 8506 Using or exposing animals with glanders °_.........0.0... 8531 Animals having glanders to be killed —_..WW00..2200 8532 Kalse pedigree -of animals 9.6 4) 2 ee ee ee 8690 Selling animals with false pedigree. -.......0-2..2022222222220----.-- 8691 Abandonment of disabled animals —__...--02 0. 8775 PoOlsOnineS Amie Ss ele a ed Bes Pee 8778 Keeping, cows in unhealthy places 2... 8779 Fa ~..P unin te, Cail sla erey eeu eee pe me Co BG Sk ie aa 8837 Swine runnime sats tanec ss fe ee a le eee 8838 Removing “skin. from animale oe) ere eee 8841 Scabby sheen er ore eee ree ie ce ere ae 8842 Bringing infected animals into the state Ww... 8843 Disobeying orders of the State Veterinary Surgeon........ 8844 Receiving and transportation diseased sheep _............... 8845 Moyinge.. diseased “sheep? ee 8846 Importing diseased cattle into the state _.. a 8847 Receiving or transporting diseased cattle _.....20000 2... 8848 Obstructing (State Veterinary SUrsecon es: ee aa tea oe 8849 Diseased. canimals<2% 202 6 Oe eee OSE ee eee 8867 Regulating the practice of veterinary medicine and surgery in the State of Montana. Chapter 82, Session Laws Obs TOTS ie eee cs rere seo ev ERTS se re Opinions of the Attorney General: Regulating the sale of meat from tuberculous animals Interfering with or obstructing tuberculin test__......_.... Right to quarantine against inter-state shipments........ Duty of carriers to hold inter-state shipments until INS PCCWEO: gas me oe rate ca i ee Tuberculin animals. Authority to destroy or adopt Balie ASWS TOMO = (ac... ers Riu tag are ae Re eee Powers and duties of the Live Stock Sanitary Board Duties of the Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners — Authority to destroy diseased animals. Treatment of inter-state. shipments® 2.2.0 2.0 os oe he See Expenses of sheriffs in enforcing quarantine regula- GUOTES fe ry oe i eee Fs Sp a ee eee os a ok ee Unlawful to conduct a dairy without a license.._............. Duty of Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners to issue’ a CONSE Ae hes a eee Determination of value of animals destroyed..__............. Construction of statute on sheep quarantine SRN Sen laste Salvage monies. « How to, be paid. 2.9. eee Removal of tuberculous animals from one-county to another for other than immediate slaughter pro- | a ONG E20 Neen Sana Mei el tid Yoitry Pee eens SO Nc Instructions: General instructions governing the inspection of live stock and eradication of infectious contagious diseases; and disinfection =e eee Official disinfectants with-instructions for their use_..... Disimfiection Of MidesSe. scx seek: 25 eA ie iat a ee ae ee ee Notice to owners of live stock objecting to inspection ~ POSE MOLrteMy ANS PECUNG Ts se ee een ee ae NE€CEODAGCIILOSHES 0 5. 2 seen ea es ot Ee ee ae eee Salvage of animals and pronents enna hu 5: pled meee ame 20 aia Forms to be used for indemnity _..................-.- Inter-State AnsSpecCtiOn’s: isc. ee ee ee TABLE OF CONTENTS Sec. Page Authority of Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons to in- SHeCOL Alvi STOCK, Shipments 2-76 es se ee, 95 Reporting change of post office or telegraphic address 95 FeO OUb Mo i SDCCTIOUS. cos 8. Fn hee ee ee 95 Piston Orician TOrms sand” thelr ASG G22 Se 96 Weekly reports ........ Tae EE Site A ete Mtr I a ea oc Or a Ee Rice A 97 ESpeMSe. “ACCOUMES fc, oe Bf dati ease he eee ae rae 98 skees: allowed for per diem: “work: 2.2 Ae k ke. 99 DURE) IS] TUT SM Nion: fe I SARANDON 99 Instructions governing the dipping of live stock and if SUSHI Oy SPI 01 R008 9 fo) gle lar Rr SUPE Ea SOROS OS Ss 190 JOC On cite eet Bl a 286 wi Soa SAR eee ceca See ate ce ACE Sat soe Merle ena Nen 2 Ae ae mre 109 Directions for applying the Subcutaneous Tuberculin , ES by SER S70 Ha & OY Ar Rees OR AN gee SN ee Re Aire a Re 110 Instructions governing the Indradermal Tuberculin SSS CT ae te RY is A eA eR SRA EOD AS OR BE RCSL Do a 111 Instructions for applying the Opthalmic Mallein Test ss) Instructions for forwarding blood sera and tissues for SER UTUU LIE BIC 1 0 Mie Maal Ae aa a Oa lad nce ee nea eS eS eee 117 Live Stock Sanitary Board. Orders: 5 Muperciulous 1 cattle——Order: No. 5. 2.-2 ee 118 HWourine in horses—_Order No:..6 222 e ee) tn. 119 Tuberculin reactors held in quarantine—Order No. 7 120 ' Governing the sale, distribution and use of hog cholera Sermmsand. virgs— Order “NOs 8,2 oo ee ee eno 121. Subcutaneous and Intradermal Tuberculin Test—Order NAG en OS 2a i EOE AO se AREY GO A SOC ck OO a a a 122 Accepting shipments from Illionis—Order No. 11 .......... 123 Quarantining mares and stallions on Ft. Belnap Reser- Neato = —Wrnter INO .bd ot ee ee 123 Prohibiting the importation of hog cholera virus— ROTC ay lice et A a Sepa ee is we ey 123 Requiring Federal certificate on cattle from Wisconsin Had News York—Order No. 16-220. ee. 124 Requiring tuberculin test on cattle exhibited at State 12 Shite =s Sik MS) Raa ean GY Ae a Dea ee NRG ONReN Sep AO ise Eee Se eee 124 Accepting shipments from South Dakota—Order No. 18 125 Providing for the admission of cattle from tuberculous feces terns Order JNO sa0)) oi 125 Governing the importation of live stock and dogs into MGT nated — Or SIN Ouw cones. ee a 126 Agreement for the tuberculin testing of herds to be placed on the tuberculous free herd list—Order INGA TS as a at Se CONN ag atin a a en 130 Official charges for inter-state inspection—Order No. Piao se RINNE emia Shs Scie eee AS a) Wo OW ot oul 2a 132 Brands owned by the Live Stock Sanitary Board, and paeir use Order, Nori28 -. 6055 ose es 134 Branding or marking cattle and horses for identifica- tion when being tested—Order No. 29 -.......00.2222220.-...- 135 Official Accredited Tuberculous Free Herds—Order IN@. Sa0h Sto RAED eae ten hte INN n oa) He Fe I) ES oh Mey AE 135 Live. Stock Sanitary Laws of Montana CHAPTER 157—SESSION LAWS 1917. — A BILL FOR AN ACT ENTITLED: “An Act to Pro- vide for-the Appointment of the Members of the Live Stock Sanitary Board and Prescribing Their Powers and Duties; to Provide for the Appointment of Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons, Inspectors, Specialists, and Other Agents of the Board and Prescribing Their Powers and Duties; to Provide Regulations and Methods for the Eradication or Prevention -of Disease in Domestic or Other Animals, Their Quarantine, Ipspection and Treatment; to Provide. for the Destruction of Animals Diseased or Exposed to Disease, Together with the Destruction of Other Property, and Compensation Therefor ; to Regulate Public Buck Herds; to Provide for Tuberculin Testing of Dairy Cattle, and Other Regulations for the Pro- tection of Domestic Animals and Live Stock; to Prescribe Penalties for the Violation of this Act and to Repeal Sections 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1602) (1873. 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877; 1878; 1879; -1880,° 1884, 1885 ,1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, and 1903 of the Revised Codes of Montana,.1907; Chapter 146: of the Session Laws of 1911; Chapters 68, 90, and 123 of the Session Laws of 1918; and Chapters 9 and 140 of the Session Laws . Ofte 1915.” Be It Enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the State of Montana: Section 1. Creation of Live Steck Sanitary Board. The President of the Live Stock Commission, the President of the State Board of Health, and the State Veterinary Surgeon ee “Si asi shall, ex-officio, constitute a Board to be known as the Live Stock Sanitary Board. The Board shall have -the powers and perform the duties hereinafter defined, and a majority of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of busi- ness. The Board shall organize by electing one of their num- ber Chairman, and whenever the personnel of the Board changes, by the advent of a new member, the Board shall again organize by electing a Chairman. The State Veterin- ary Surgeon shall, ex-officio, act as Secretary of the Board, 10%) LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA without »extra compensation. The members of the Board ~ who are not receiving annual or monthly salaries as officials of the State, or State Boards, or of any county shall receive the sum of Ten Dollars per day for each day the Board is in session, and all members shall receive their actual and neces- sary traveling expenses in going to and from meetings of the Board. All claims for per diem and expenses must be sworn to and accompanied with vouchers for each item of expense, and audited and allowed by the State Board of Examiners against the fund hereinafter provided for. Meetings of the Board shall be held upon call of the Secretary, after giving reasonable notice, to the members of the time and place, and must not exceed two meetings per year, except in cases of urgent necessity where immediate action pertaining to live stock sanitation is required. Section 2. 1. Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons. The State Veterinary Surgeon may by and with the approval of the Live Stock Sanitary Board appoint District Deputies as the occasion may require, who must be graduates of a regu- lar and reputable veterinary college or the veterinary depart- ment of a regular and reputable university, and who shall receive such compensation as may be allowed by the Board. The State Veterinary Surgeon may by and with the approval of the Sanitary Board appoint, in various localities of this State, among veterinarians permanently located therein, Resident Deputies who must have the same qualifications as District Deputies, who shall be subject to the orders of the State Veterinary Surgeon and the Sanitary Board and who, together with the permanently employed Deputies to the State Veterinary Surgeon, shall have equal powers under the direction of the State Veterinary Surgeon and the Sanitary Board in accordance with the provisions of this Act. Resi- dent Deputies, however, shall be paid only for actual services performed when directed so to do by the State Veterinary Surgeon or the Sanitary Board, and for such services, when so directed, shall receive the sum of not more than Hight Dollars per day, together with actual traveling expenses. 2. The State Veterinary Surgeon may by and with the approval and consent of the Sanitary Board appoint inspect- ors, or other agents, as occasion may require, who shall re- ceive such compensation as may be allowed by the Sanitary Board, and whose duty it shall be to assist the State Veterin- LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 11 ary Surgeon, or his Deputies, and to see that the orders of the State Veterinary Surgeon, and the provisions and regula- tions of the Sanitary Board are carried out. 3. The Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons, and live stock inspectors, or other duly authorized representatives, of the Sanitary Board are hereby authorized and empowered to enter upon any grounds or premises in this State for the pur- pose of inspection, quarantine, or disinfection. They shall also have power under the direction of the State Veterinary Surgeon to carry out any other of the provisions of this Act. Section 3. Employment of Specialists. The Sanitary Board shall have authority to establish and maintain a labor- atory and to employ one or more specialists and assistants who shall receive such compensation as may be allowed by the Sanitary Board, to investigate any subject tending to foster, promote, or protect the live stock industry of the State, and to cause to be made any biological product, cura- tive or preventative agent, or perform any act which in their judgment is necessary or will tend to foster, promote, or protect the live stock industry. Section 4. Appointment of Federal Inspectors to Act as Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons. Subject to the ap- proval of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States, federal inspectors may also be appointed Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons by the State Veterinary Surgeon with the approval and consent of the Sanitary Board. When so appointed they shall act without bond or compensation, and possess all the powers and duties of Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons, and shall hold such ap- pointments at the pleasure of the State Veterinary Surgeon and the Sanitary Board, so long as they remain inspectors of said Bureau and as such are stationed in this State. Section 5. Powers and Duties of State Veterinary Sur- geon. The State Veterinary Surgeon shall have the power, in addition to those already conferred upon him, and it shall ‘be his duty: . -1. To act as chief executive sanitary officer of the Sanitary Board, and to do all other things necessary or pro- per for the successful enforcement of this Act. 2. To control and supervise and direct the action of all Deputies, inspectors or other agents. — 12 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 8. To enter on or in and examine any car, el stable, steam boat, corral, or other building, or any premise, and to examine any live stock therein or thereon, and otherwise to do therein or thereon whatever may be found necessary or proper in the discharge of his official duties. 4. To quarantine any animal or animals suffering from or exposed to any contagious, infectious or dangerous disease; to prohibit their movement or transportation without a cer- tificate from him, and to quarantine premises infected or believed to be infected and prohibit the movement of stock therefrom or thereon; and to superintend and control the dis- infection of any such premises, and to use any curative, pro- tective or immunizing antitoxins or serum, or any diagnostic agents. as needed, and to order and accomplish the slaughter of live stock suffering from dangerously contagious or infec- ~ tious disease, or incurable disease; or live stock exposed to dis- ~ ease, the slaughter or quarantine of which may become neces- sary under the regulations of the Board; and to order and ac- 3 complish the disposition of the carcasses of such slaughtered stock; and to superintend, control and accomplish the burial or other disposition of the carcasses of any animals dying — from any of said diseases. 5. To make complaint against any person or persons violating any law relative to live stock, and to procure a war- rant whenever conditions permit; and to bring the person or persons before the proper magistrate or officer and notify the Sanitary Board. thereof and of his action. ee Section 6. Powers and Duties of State Sanitary Board. The State Veterinary Surgeon and the Sanitary Board shall . have power, in addition to the powers now conferred wee them by law. 1. To supervise and control the action of all Dene. i inspectors, agents, and specialists, and to prescribe regula- tions to govern them. 5 2. To remove all its appointees, subordinates and ser- vants at any time with or without cause. 3. To supervise the sanitary condition of live stack: of this State; and they are authorized and empowered to quar- antine any lot, yard, pasture, field, farm, town, city, town- ship, county, or any part of this State, or any stall, en- — closure, barn, stable, or building whenever it shall be deter- mined, as provided by law, by the State Veterinary Surgeon, LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 13 or Acting State Veterinary Surgeon, that the live stock - therein or thereon are affected with a contagious, infectious, or communicable disease, or are infested with insects or other “agencies or means by which such disease is communicated ; and to prescribe and enforce sanitary and police regulations which may be deemed necessary to circumscribe and extir- pate such disease.. Said Board shall give notice of the estab- lishment of any quarantine to the owner, foreman, or the keeper of the live stock so quarantined, which notice may be by publication, or by service personally or by registered mail on the foreman, owner, or keeper of the live stock. In the . case of district quarantine notice shall also be given to the _ proper officials of railroads, steam boats, or other transporta- tion companies doing business in or through the quarantined parts of the State, which said notice may be given by publi- cation in such newspapers of the State as the Board may select, or by mail. 4. To establish.and maintain regulations that may be deemed expedient; or as may be from time to time necessary to prevent and suppress contagious, infectious or dangerous animal diseases, including the authority to prohibit the im- portation of animals when deemed necessary by them as a sanitary safeguard. Provided, that all sanitary regulations adopted by the State Veterinary Surgeon and Sanitary Board or to be recommended to the Governor, shall as far as is possible, be in conformity and harmony with the regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, as the same may exist from time to time; and, provided further, that in case of acutely contagious, infectious, or rapidly fatal disease the powers conferred by this paragraph on the Board may be exercised by the Chairman or Secretary. Copies of such regulations shall be printed and furnished to all railway common carriers within this State and all Depu- ties within this State, members of the different health boards, and to the sheriffs of each county within the State, who shall keep them posted in their offices. : 5. To aid the prosecution of all alleged violations of this Act or violations of the regulations prescribed in conformity with this Act; and to aid prosecution for interfering with the lawful actions of their appointive officers. 6. To direct and regulate the slaughter of all diseased animals and the dipping and treating thereof for disease, and. 14 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA to order and regulate the gathering and handling of range and other live stock to that end, and to make all and any necessary regulations or rules or orders relative to the gathering, handling, and treating or destruction of any ani- mal mentioned herein suffering from or exposed to any con- tagious or infectious disease. 7. In the case of scabies, or any other infectious or contagious disease among domestic animals on the public range if, after due notification, the owner, agent or person in charge fails, within ten days, subsequent to such notifica- tion from the State Veterinary Surgeon, or Deputy, or Sani- tary Board, to take such animal or animals up and properly treat the same, under the direction of the State Veterinary Surgeon, or Deputy, then the Sanitary Board shall have authority to order the rounding up of such animal or animals and procure the proper treatment of the same by the State Veterinary Surgeon, or Deputy, all of which expense shall be a first lien upon the animal or animals and said lien shall take precedence over all other liens; provided, in case of scabies the time for gathering and rounding up range animals may be extended by written order of the Sanitary Board to a period of not exceeding sixty days from date of notification, or in case of emergency, on account of acutely dangerous diseases, may be limited by said Board to twenty-four hours or less, as in their judgment is necessary. Provided further, that if any of said domestic animals on the public range are estrays and the owner thereof is not known and cannot with reasonable diligence be found, then the Sanitary Board shall have the same authority to order the rounding up of and to procure the treatment of said animal or animals as is herein conferred upon it in handling animals other than estrays and said estray animals shall be subjected to all the provisions of this Section; and provided further that any animal or ani- mals upon which a lien is created by this section may, upon order of the Sanitary Board, be sold at public sale to the highest bidder, after at least ten days’ notice to be given in such manner as the Sanitary Board may provide, the pro- ceeds from such sale to be applied, first in satisfying said lien and the balance, if any, to be turned over to the owner, if known. If the owner of the animal or animals so sold is not known then the balance, if any, is to be deposited with LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 15 the Secretary of the Live Stock Commission, to be by him held subject to proof of ownership of the animal or animals sold, for a period of two years from the date of sale, at which time if no person has proven his ownership of the animal or animals sold, such balance must be transferred to the credit of the stock indemnity fund, and no action for the recovery thereof by the owner of such animal or animals or his assigns shall thereafter be maintained. 8. The Sanitary Board shall have authority to prescribe how live stock shall be dipped, or otherwise treated, the kind of dip, and to make regulations for the information and guidance of the Deputies, inspectors, and other agents in the discharge of their duties. Section 7. Quarantine When Ordered. In all cases of scab or other external parasitical diseases where such para- site is commonly known, the exhibition of such parasite shall be made by the State Veterinary Surgeon, or his Deputy, when requested to do so by the owner, before the State Veter- inary Surgeon, or his Deputy, shall order the animals dipped; provided, however, that such shall not be nccessary in all animals in a herd, or band, or where positive and direct ex- posure is known to have occurred; provided further, that ex- hibition of such parasite in sheep shall not be necessary when sheep have been exposed either directly to diseased animals, or which have crossed or been upon exposed range or prem- ises, and provided further, that the State Veterinary Sur- geon, or his Deputy, may order suspected diseased, or ex- posed, animals quarantined for a sufficient period to deter- mine whether or not infection has taken place. Section 8. Removal of Livestock From Quarantined Areas. Live stock may be moved from a quarantined part of the State to any other part of the State under and in com- pliance with the rules and regulations of the Sanitary Board, and it shall be unlawful to move, or allow to be moved, any live stock from one place to another place within the quaran- tined district or onto a quarantined district, or from any quarantined district to a district not quarantined, in any manner or method or under conditions other than those pre- _ scribed by the rules and regulations of the Sanitary Board. Section 9. Slaughtering of Diseased Animals. In. all cases of contagious, infectious and communicable diseases 16 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA existing among live stock, the Sanitary Board is hereby authorized and empowered to cause the slaughter of all live -stock which are known to be so diseased, or have been ex- posed to such disease, when the State Veterinary Surgeon shali decide that the same is necessary for the protection of other live stock; and said Board is hereby authorized to cause the destruction of all barns, stables, out-buildings, premises, fixtures, furniture, and personal property infected with any such contagious, infectious or communicable disease so far ~ as in the judgment of the State Veterinary Surgeon may be necessary to prevent the spread of such disease, or — the same cannot be properly disinfected. — Section 10. Payment for Animals and Property Des- troyed. Animals with reference to compensation for slaughter shall be divided into two classes. 3 1. Animals determined by either the State Veterinary . Surgeon or his Deputy to be affected with an incurable dis- ease requiring slaughter, such as tuberculosis, glanders, dourine, or other diseases determined tc be incurable by the Sanitary Board, or believed and designated by them as incur- able, shall be designated as animals of the first class and shall be paid for according to their full assessed valuation thereof as shown on the last assessment roll of the county in which such stock was assessed; but the amount paid shall not in any case exceed the actual sound value of such stock at the time of the assessment, and shall in no case exceed the sum of Five Hundred Dollars for any one animal; nor shall! compensation be paid for stock whose owner has in- tentionally evaded the taxation thereof. 2. Animals diseased with an infectious, contagious, communicable or dangerous disease which is not necessarily fatal, or which are exposed to such disease, and which are destroyed. as a sanitary safeguard shall be designated as animals of the second class and shall be paid for according to their full appraised valuation. Prior to the destruction of animals of the second class the State Veterinary Surgeon, or his authorized agent, shall agree with the owner upon the value of such stock to be destroyed, one certificate of the ap- praised value to be forwarded to the State Auditor, one to the Sanitary Board, and one given to the owner. In case an agreement cannot be made, the State Veterinary Surgeon, his agent, or member of the Sanitary Board shall notify the LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAW'S OF MONTANA 17 nearest Justice of the Peace and deliver to him the order therefor. The Justice of the Peace shall thereupon summon before him three discreet and reputable citizens who shall have no interest in the live stock to be slaughtered to act as appraisers of the value of the live stock and administer them an oath to make a true and impartial appraisement of the stock to be slaughtered without prejudice against or favor to anyone. Thereupon the appraisers shall inspect the stock and make appraisement thereof. They shall also return to the Justice of the Peace certificates of their valuation of the animal or animals so appraised, containing an accurate des- cription thereof. One of the certificates shall be filed with the Justice of the Peace; one shall be forwarded to the State Auditor; one to the Sanitary Board, and one to the owner or agent of the stock or property to be destroyed. The fee of the Justice of the Peace for swearing appraisers and filing certificates shall be the sum of Three Dollars, and the ap- praisers shall receive Three Dollars per day and their neces- sary traveling expenses while engaged therein, all of which shall be deducted from the value of the animals or property so appraised and paid upon order of the Board out of the Stock Indemnity Fund. The State Veterinary Surgeon, or his authorized agent, shall superintend the destruction of the carcasses of such animals, or of the property. 3. Barns, stables, out-buildings, premises, fixtures, furniture, and personal property ordered destroyed under the provisions of this Act shall be appraised and paid for in the manner as provided for the payment of. animals under the second class. | 4. Animals of the first class shall be paid for as ani- mals of the second class when a mistake has been made and no evidence of an incurable slaughterable disease is discover- ed upon autopsy or bacteriological, serologic, or microscopic findings. The value in such cases to be obtained from the - best evidence obtainable. 5. ‘In the payment of animals of the first class the State _shall pay one-half and the county where the said animals were owned shall pay one-half, out of the general fund of the county. 6. Claims against the State and County arising from the slaughter of animals for the first class shall be made by the owner with the State Auditor and county commissioners, 18 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA and affidavit from the owner that the animal or animals have been killed and buried in accordance with law and a certifi- cate from the State Veterinary Surgeon that such animal or animals were ordered destroyed, together with a certificate from the county assessor designating their assessed value or the minimum assessed value for that class of animal. The State Auditor shall examine the same and if found correct he shall issue a warrant upon the State Treasurer for fifty per- — cent of the sum named in the return and the board of county commissioners shall cause to be paid fifty percent of the sum found in the return, from the general fund of the - Coney in which the animals were owned. 7. Where animals of the first class do not appear on the last assessment roll of the county, then the value shall be the minimum value as found on the last assessment roll for that class of stock for the county in which the stock was owned. 8. Where carcasses of animals ordered destroyed under this Act are found, upon post mortem inspection (which in- spection must be made in accordance with the regulations of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry by a State or Federal Veterinarian) fit for human consumption, the owner may receive the net proceeds from the sale thereof of such carcass, and shall have no further claim against the State on account of such slaughter. Should the owner refuse to ac- cept the money then the representative of the Sanitary Board may proceed to sell the carcass and the net proceeds obtained therefrom, in the case of animals of the first class, shall be made payable, fifty percent to the Live Stock Indemnity Fund and fifty percent to the treasurer of the county in which the animal or animals were owned. In the case of animals of the second class, all salvage moneys shall be made payable to the Live Stock Indemnity Fund. Section 11.. When Compensation Shall Not Be Paid. Owners of animals slaughtered, or of property destroyed, as_ herein provided shall be entitled to indemnity therefor to the extent of such assessed or appraised value, excepting in the following cases: 2 1. Animals belonging to the United States. 2. Animals brought into the State in violation ‘of any of the provisions of this Act. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 19 3. Animals which the owner or claimant knew to be diseased or had notice thereof at the time they came into his - possession. 4, Animals which had the disease for which they were slaughtered or which were destroyed by reason of exposure to the disease, at the time of their arrival in the State, pro- vided, that any animal or animals of the second class which -were shipped into the State in accordance with the Sanitary Board Regulations and accompanied by the proper certificate of health from a recognized state or federal veterinarian, may be paid for if such payment is authorized by the Live _ Stock Commission and the Sanitary Board, and approved by the State Board of Examiners. 5. Animals which have not been within the State of Montana for at least one-hundred and twenty days prior to the discovery of disease, provided that animals of the second class which have not been in the State one-hundred and twenty days may be paid for when such payment is author- ized by the Live Stock Commission and the Sanitary Board, and approved by the State Board of Examiners. 6. When the owner or agent has not used reasonable - diligence to prevent disease or exposure thereto. Section 12. Compensation by Federal Government. In all cases where the Federal Government compensates owners for live stock or property destroyed on account of an in- fectious, contagious or communicable disease, then such pay- ment as has been made by, or is due, from the Federal Government shall be deducted from the payment herein provided. — | Section 18. Notice to Owners of Animals or Property _ Condemned. Notice of condemnation of animals or property — by the State Veterinary Surgeon, or‘his Deputy, after in- -spection, shall be given, and such notice must be either per- sonally served, or served by mail, or by leaving at the resi- dence of such owner, or custodian, with any person over the age of fifteen years, except in cases of animals or property not in the direct custody of any person, and whose owner is either unknown or resides so far away as to make immediate _ _ notice impractical, or delay dangerous, and when animals are clinically diseased and not under restraint, which notice must designate the disease, and require that such owner or custo- 20 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA dian kill the animal, and bury or burn it, in manner and time to be declared therein. 2. If such owner or custodian fails to comply with such order, the State Veterinary Surgeon, or Deputy, may forth- with seize such animal or animals and enforce the order at | the cost of such owner or custodian. If such owner or custo- dian disputes the existence of such disease or any slaughter- able disease, he shall serve a written notice of protest on the State Veterinary Surgeon, or Deputy (serving original notice) and shall fix in such notice of protest a time and place (the former not later than 136 hours after the service of original protest) when and where he will kill such animal or animals. Such notice of protest shall be served in season to en- able the State Veterinary Surgeon, or Deputy, to attend the Killing; and thereupon the State Veterinary Surgeon or Deputy shall attend the killing and hold an autopsy on such animal or animals in the presence of the owner, or custodian or any other person by him selected to be present. Where no evidence of an incurable slaughterable disease is discovered upon autopsy, or bacteriologic, serologic, or microscopic findings, the animal or animals shall be paid for as in the case of ani- mals of the second class. But if found, a part of the tissue -~of each animal showing such lesion shall at the time be de- livered to such owner, custodian or representative, the receipt of the latter taken therefor, and another part of said tissue, and said receipt, sent to the State Veterinary Surgeon, who shall retain them until the claim is fully disposed of. On any killing after notice or protest, a right of action shall arise in favor of the owner, or custodian, against said Sanitary © Board; but recovery in such action shall not be-had unless the non-existence of such lesion or evidence at the time of the examination be affirmatively proven. Any judgment recovered by the plaintiff in such action shall be paid out of the Stock Indemnity Fund. In all cases where animals of the first class are killed without notice, autopsy shall be held, and a certificate of the discovery or non-discovery of lesions, together with part of tissue be forwarded the State Veterin- ary Surgeon as above, except when the animal or animals to be slaughtered show unmistakable symptoms of disease re- quiring slaughter, in which event a certificate stating said fact shall be forwarded to State Veterinary Surgeon. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 21 38. When no lesion is found and the value of the meat for human consumption has not been affected, the State Veterinary Surgeon or Deputy holding the autopsy shall issue a permit of sale and the carcass may be sold for food, after inspection and proper certification of such fact is made by the State Veterinary Surgeon or Deputy. Section 14. Expense for Treating or Burying Animals. The owner, or custodian, shall be alike liable for expenses in- curred in the treatment, dipping, or handling of any live stock under the provisions of this Act, or for the proper dis- position or burial of any live stock which dies from a contag- ious, infectious, or communicable disease, or is destroyed on account of an infectious, or contagious, or communicable dis- ease, and whenever such owner or custodian is so liable for such expenses the State Sanitary Board shall have a lien on said live stock or any other live stock owned by the person liable, and which lien shall be a first lien and precede any other lien or claim, or demand, against said property. The Sanitary Board may also maintain civil action for the amount of such expenses against a person liable therefor. Section 15. Enforcement of Sheep Quarantine. The Sanitary Board, and when the Board is not in session the State Veterinary Surgeon, may employ persons to take charge of.all diseased or exposed sheep under quarantine upon the failure of the owners to take care and to assist the State Veterinary Surgeon or assistant, and the person so employed shall be under the supervision and control of the Sanitary Board and the State Veterinary Surgeon. | Section 16. Duty to Inspect Sheep. It shall be the duty of Deputies or other duly authorized agents of the Sanitary Board to inspect all sheep which he, or they, may have received notice, or information, are affected with or have been exposed to any infectious, contagious disease, and if the sheep are found affected with, or have been exposed to, any infectious or contagious disease they must be quaran- tined and the regulations for their quarantine, holding and treatment must be at once made by the Deputy, or authorized agent. Deputies and duly authorized agents of the Sanitary Board shall have the authority, with the advice and consent of the State Veterinary Surgeon to determine and superintend the preparation and mixture of material used in dipping 22 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA sheep and other live stock, and must cause all sheep so dipped and quarantined on account of scabies or exposure to scabies to be distinctly marked with a red letter “S” on the right side. All sheep dipped shall be held in quarantine at least ninety days after the last dipping; or until released therefrom by a Deputy or duly authorized agent of the Sani- tary Board or upon the order of the State Veterinary Surgeon. Section 17. Official Supervision of Dipping. Upon re- ceipt of information that any sheep are affected with or have been exposed to any infectious or contagious disease, the Deputy or agent of the Sanitary Board must immediately cause such sheep, and all sheep running in the same flock or upon the same or contiguous range with them, to be ex- amined and if found so diseased, or exposed to disease, to be quarantined and held within a certain limit, or place, to be designated by him, and such sheep must be held in quaran- tine until the owner, or person in charge, or the inspector has eradicated such scabies or other infectious or contagious disease, and the inspector issues a certificate stating such facts and releasing such sheep from quarantine. When sheep affected with, or exposed to, any infectious or contag- ious disease have been kept in any building or corral, the in- © spector must inspect and quarantine such premises and pro- hibit any sheep being placed therein until such premises have been cleaned and thoroughly disinfected, which must be at- tended to within ten days from date of quarantine. In the dipping of sheep for scabies, such dipping must be under the supervision of an authorized agent of the Sanitary Board. Section 18. Quarantine of Infected Premises and Dis- eased Animals. In all cases of scab or other infectious or contagious disease among sheep in this state the State Veter- inary Surgeon, Deputy, or inspector, has authority to order — a quarantine of the infected premises and diseased animals, or animals exposed to such disease, and to define the limits within which such sheep must be kept, and to prohibit any ~ other animals from being driven into or across or kept with- in such quarantine limits; provided, that in all cases sheep - shipped into this State must be quarantined separately, and in no case shall foreign sheep be mixed or quarantined on the same area with native sheep, and all native sheep must be quarantined within the limits of their accustomed range and in case such disease becomes enzootic or epizootic in any ‘ LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 23 locality in this State, upon notification from the State Veter- inary Surgeon the Governor must issue a proclamation, or the Live Stock Sanitary Board a regulation, forbidding any sheep to be transferred from such -locality without a certificate from the State Veterinary Surgeon, Deputy or inspector, showing such sheep to be free from any infectious or con- tagious disease, and forbidding all persons from driving any sheep into or across such locality, or keeping or herding them therein. Any sheep going, or being driven into or across such prohibited locality or quarantine premises, shall be deemed exposed to such infectious or contagious disease, -and may be so declared and detained in quarantine, and if deemed necessary by the State Veterinary Surgeon, Deputy, or inspector, may be dipped. Section 19. Duty of Railroad Company to Notify State Veterinary Surgeon. When any sheep are delivered to any - railroad or transportation company for shipment to this State, as a point of destination, it shall be the duty of such _ transportation company to notify the State Veterinary Sur- - geon by telegraph the date of said shipment, the name of the place from which they are shipped, the point of destination, the number of cars, the names of the consignor and con- signee, and the probable date of the arrival of the said sheep at their destination; and when any sheep are billed to be shipped through the State and afterwards the point of des- tination is changed to some place within the State it shall be the duty of the railroad or transportation company upon re- ceiving a request to change the point of destination, to notify the State Veterinary Surgeon by telegraph, giving the name of the consignor and consignee, the number of cars, and the _ point of destination to which the shipment is changed. In no case must any sheep affected with, or having been exposed to any infectious or contagious disease, be removed or allowed ~ to be removed, from one point to another, within any county, or from one county to another in this State, without a written certificate from the State Veterinary Surgeon, or Deputy. It shall be unlawful for any railroad company or transporta- - tion company to ship sheep from one place to another, with- in this State, in cars in which other sheep have been shipped, until such cars have been cleaned and carefully disinfected, under the supervision of the State Veterinary Surgeon, Deputy, or authorized agent, who shall give a certificate of 7 24 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA such inspection, which shall accompany the shipment. It shall be the duty of every railroad or transportation company, before cleaning or disinfecting any such car or cars, to give notice to the State Veterinary Surgeon, Deputy, or authorized agent, at least five days before the cars are to be so cleaned and disinfected ; and it shall be the duty of the State Veterin- ary Surgeon, Deputy, or authorized agent upon such notice being given, to inspect, on or before such date, such car or cars, so cleaned and disinfected, and to give the proper certi- ficate therefor. It shall be the duty of every railroad or — transportation company in this State to keep all yards, cor- rals, sheds, or buildings in this State used by such company . for holding or feeding live stock in transit, and all cars used for shipping live stock, clean and free from infection from scab, or other infectious or contagious disease; and it shall be the duty of the State Veterinary Surgeon, Deputy, or authorized agent to inspect such yards, corrals, sheds, ~ buildings, and cars, when deemed necessary, and if they are infected or exposed to infection from any infections or contagious disease, to at once notify such company of the fact, and declare the premises and cars in quaran- tine, and forbid any animals from being placed or kept therein, until the premises and cars are disinfected; and it shall be the duty of the company to cause the premises to be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected under the supervision of the State Veterinary Surgeon, and if they fail - to do so within five days after such notice, the State Veter- inary Surgeon, Deputy, or authorized agent, shall cause the premises to be disinfected. The State Veterinary Surgeon and the inspector shall have authority to enter into all such cars, yards, corrals, sheds or buildings, for the purpose of in- specting or disinfecting same. The fees and expenses of the State Veterinary Surgeon, Deputy, or authorized agent, and all expenses incurred in inspecting and disinfecting such premises and cars, shall be a charge against the railroad or transportation company, and may be recovered in a civil ac- tion in any court of competent jurisdiction. The notice above © mentioned may be served upon the agent or other official in charge of the station at which such yards, corrals, sheds, buildings, or cars are situated. | ; Section 20. Owner or Agent of Imported Sheep to Notify State Veterinary Surgeon. Within five days previous LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 25 to the arrival of any sheep in this State, from any other state © or territory, the owner or agent of the sheep must report by telegraphic dispatch, to the State Veterinary Surgeon, at ‘Helena, Montana, stating from what country, state, or terri- tory the sheep are shipped or being driven from, the number thereof, and the place where they will first enter the State, and where it is intended to unload them, or, the notice may be given by registered mail, if mailed in time so that in the ordinary course of mails it will reach the State Veterinary Surgeon’s office five days before the sheep would reach the State, and the State Veterinary Surgeon shall, immediately on receipt of.such notice, notify an authorized agent of the sani- tary Board, and it shall be the duty of the agent to im- mediately inspect the sheep, and to maks such order or orders for their quarantine, treatment and dipping as may be necessary. Section 21. Expenses of Inspection. The expense of in- specting, feeding, holding, dipping, treating, marking, and taking care of all live stock inspected, quarantined, dipped, or otherwise treated under the provisions of this Act, in- eluding fees and expenses of the authorized agent of the Sanitary Board, on account of services rendered, must be paid by the owner, agent, or person in charge of the live stock, and the charge shall be a lien upon the live stock for such charges and expenses, which lien shall be prior to and paramount to any and all other liens, demands, or other ~~ claims against such live stock, and the agent of the Sanitary Board may retain possession of the live stock until the charges and expenses are paid; but the lien shall not be de- pendent upon possession, and the lien may be foreclosed in the name of the agent of the Sanitary Board by a sale of the stock, or as many thereof as may be necessary to pay the sum of the costs of sale at public auction on ten days’ notice by posting thereof in three public places in the county,. or such lien may be foreclosed by an action in any court of com- petent jurisdiction against the owners of the live stock to re- cover the amount of the charges and expenses; provided, however, that when the live stock has been shipped into the State, accompanied by the proper health certificate, and has complied with all the regulations of the Sanitary Board, ~. and the provisions of any Governors’ proclamations at that time in effect, and the laws of Montana, and all native live 26 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA stock where reasonable diligence has been exercised to pre- vent disease or exposure thereto, the expenses of inspection and supervising, treating or dipping of such live stock shall be paid out of the funds at the disposal of the Sanitary Board. Section 22. Dipping of Sheep Temporarily in the State. Any sheep that are shipped or driven into this State, with the intention on the part of the owner of holding them with- in the State longer than is necessary to feed them in tran- sit, which feeding must be done in the railroad stock yards, corrals, or buildings, must be at once quarantined and dipped under the supervision of the State Veterinary Surgeon, Deputy, or authorized agent, at the point of entry or unload- ing, or as near such point as may be deemed safe by the State Veterinary Surgeon, Deputy, or authorized agent, without danger of scattering infection, and when so dipped shall be branded with a red letter “‘S’” on the right side. After the sheep are so dipped and branded, they may be moved to the ranch or range where it is the intention of the owner to keep them, providing they can be moved to such ranch or range within ten days, when they must be dipped a second time; Provided, that any sheep that are shipped into the State of Montana over any railroad with the intention on the: part of the owner of holding them within the State longer than is necessary to feed them in transit (which feeding must be done as hereinbefore provided) may be accompanied by a certificate of an official graduate veterinarian setting forth that the sheep are clean, are free from scab or other contagious or infectious disease; that they come from a locality which is free from scab or other contagious or in- fectious diseases, and that the cars in which they were ship- ped were properly disinfected and were free from infection. Sheep accompanied by a certificate of an official graduate — veterinarian shall be inspected at the first unloading point in - this State under the direction of the State Veterinary Sur- geon and when accompanied by such certificate and so in- spected and found free from scab or other infectious or con- tagious disease, the animals need not be dipped as herein- before provided, but shall be branded with a red letter “S” on the right side, and then trailed from their final unloading point under the direction of the State Veterinary Surgeon to their range, which range shall be owned or occupied pre- viously by the owner of the sheep, and thereupon quaran- LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA rae tined for a period of not less than ninety days, and as much longer as is necessary at the discretion of the State Veter- inary Surgeon. Provided; That sheep so shipped into the State shall not be trailed through the State for any distance exceeding fifty miles from the point of unloading at which - such trailing begins, without being quarantined and dipped as herein first provided. And provided further; that sheep that have been unloaded in transit into yards which have not _ been disinfected since holding other sheep outside the State of Montana shall not be deemed clean or free from scabies or other infectious or contagious disease, and shall be quaran- tined and dipped as herein first provided. And provided further ; that sheep driven into this State (which sheep shall be animals that are habitually grazed in this State, or an ad- joining state, and not otherwise) may be accompanied by the certificate of an official graduate veterinarian, as before pro- vided, shall be inspected at the State line under the direction of the State Veterinary Surgeon of Montana; and before driving such sheep in this State, the owner or person in charge shall procure from the State Veterinary Surgeon or an authorized agent, permit to drive the sheep over a certain route to their destination; which destination shall not exceed seventy-five miles from the State line. If the sheep are ac- companied by such certificate, and upon inspection, are found free from scab or other contagious or infectious disease, they need not be dipped, but shall be branded with a red letter “S” on the right side, and shall then be trailed from the State line, under the direction of the State Veterinary Surgeon to their range, which range shall be owned or previously oc- cupied by the owner of the sheep, and shall be quarantined on such range for a period of not less than ninety days and as much longer as is necessary in the judgment of the State Veterinary Surgeon; otherwise, and in either instance, they shall be quarantined and dipped as herein first provided. And provided further that the State Veterinary Surgeon may, if in his judgment the circumstances of any particular case warrant such action on his part, order any sheep shipped or driven into the State to be quarantined and dipped as herein first provided if, before making such order he shall receive from the Sanitary Board its approval in writing for such action on his part. Provided further; that all rams entering the State of Montana from other states, must be dipped twice 28 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA at an interval of not exceeding fourteen days according to the regulations of the Sanitary Board at, or as near the point of entry as is practical, and after the second dipping such rams must be quarantined for a period of not less than ninety days and until inspected and released by a representative of the Sanitary Board, but may be used for service in which case all ewes must be likewise quarantined for a period of not less than ninety days, and until inspected and released by a representative of the Sanitary Board on land owned, leased or controlled by the owner. Provided further; that where rams are shipped into the State for sale they shall be dipped and quarantined in one place for a period of not less than ninety days. Section 23. Certificate to Run a Public Buck Herd. No person or~persons shall conduct what is known as a public buck herd in this State without first receiving from the State Veterinary Surgeon a permit to do so. Such permit must be in writing, and signed by the State Veterinary Sur- geon, and must be issued by him upon receipt of an appli- cation in writing for a permit. All persons receiving a per- mit to conduct such herds shall, on or before the 15th day of July in each year, report to the State Veterinary Surgeon the number of bucks in the herd, the owners thereof, and the number owned by each, and where the herd is kept, and any subsequent additions made to the herd must be reported to the State Veterinary Surgeon as soon as made. It shall be the duty of the State Veterinary Surgeon to cause all such buck herds to be inspected. The keeper of such herds shall not permit any animals to be removed from the herd, and no person shall remove any animals therefrom, until inspected and certificate of health issued. When animals are so re- — moved, the keeper of such herd shall give to the owners or persons removing bucks a copy of the certificate of the State — Veterinary Surgeon, and such owner or person must, on de- — - mand of any sheep owner in this State, exhibit such certifi- cate. A public buck herd within the meaning of this Act shall be one consisting of bucks owned by two or more per- sons or partners. ; Section 24. Tuberculin Test of Dairy. Cattle, It-shall be the duty of the State Veterinary Surgeon and his Deputies, in addition to the duties now or which may be hereafter con- ferred upon them by the Sanitary Board, to apply the tuber- bed f LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 29 culin test, when directed by the Sanitary Board or State Board of Health, to all dairy cattle within the State, the milk or milk products of which is used for public consumption, or sold, disposed of, or given away in any manner for the use of the public. : Section 25. Disposal of Tuberculous Cattle. Whenever tuberculosis is discovered in any bovine animal the owner of the tuberculous animals shall retain the animal or animals under such restrictions or rules as the Sanitary Board may direct, or the animal may be destroyed and compensated for as in animals of the first class. 2. Shipment and Post Mortem Inspection of Tuber- culous Animals. Tuberculosis animals may be shipped with- in the boundaries of this State under the direction of the State Veterinary Surgeon or his Deputy, to any abbatoir where proper post mortem inspection may be made by the State Veterinary Surgeon, his Deputy, or Federal Inspector. The inspection must conform with the meat inspection regu- lations of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry. The carcass if passed on official state or federal inspection, may be used for food. Section 26. Duty of State and Local Boards of Health. It shall be the duty of the State and several local boards of health of any county, city, town, or village, in this state to co-operate with and assist the Sanitary Board in all matters relating to the execution of its sanitary powers as to live _ stock under this Act, in such manner as may be by the Sani- _tary Board prescribed, either by general regulation or direct order. pte , Section 27. Notice of Existence of Disease to be Given. Any person including the owner or custodian, who has reason to suspect the existence of any disease mentioned in this Act among live stock or the presence of exposed animals at any point within the State shall forthwith give notice thereof to - the State Veterinary Surgeon. Section 28. Beard to Have Authority to Administer Oaths. Whenever in the exercise of their powers or the dis- charge of their duties, it shall become necessary or proper for | any member of the Sanitary Board, the State Veterinary Surgeon, or any of his Deputies, to investigate facts and con- ditions, he is hereby authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits and compel the attendance and testimony of wit- _ ee e 30 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA — nesses, being given for such purposes all the powers of a 3 Notary Public. | Section 29. Definition of Words and Phrases. The — phrase “dangerous, contagious, infectious, enzootic, and epi-— zootic,” as used in this Act shall be deemed to include farcy, glanders, tuberculosis, anthrax, rinderpest, rabies, foot-and- mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis, pleuro-pneumonia, ‘cholera, swine plague, variola or pox, contagious abortion, contagious opthalmia, mal du coit or dourine, coital exanthe-— ma, scab or scabies, or other contagious skin disease, necro- -bacillosis, blackleg, malignant catarrh, hemorrhagic septice- mia, and any other disease of*live stock that may be control- led or eradicated by sanitary measures or regulations. ‘The words “live stock” as used in this Act shall be deemed to in- clude horses, mules, asses, and cattle, sheep, goats, swine, dogs, cats, and any other domestic or wild animals. _ Section 30. Funds. There shall be created the Live Stock Saniary Board Account which, in addition to the State Live Stock Sanitary Board Fund, shall be used to defray all. expenses created by this Act, except the salary of the State -Veterinary Surgeon, his Chief Deputy, and stenographer, which shall be paid out of the General Fund. Section 31. Penalties for Violating Quarantine. If any owner, custodian, or any other person shall wilfully or in- tentionally break any quarantine and remove any quarantined animal or animals from any established quarantine to another point; or shall take any animal or animals into any estab- lished quarantine, or shall wilfully or intentionally drive or transport from one point to another any animal or animals known by him to be affected with or exposed to any con- tagious or infectious disease, or shall wilfully or intentionally sell milk or milk products from any sueh animal or animals, unless under conditions and regulations prescribed by the Sanitary Board, and under the written direction of the State Veterinary Surgeon, or Deputy, or fails to notify the State Veterinary Surgeon of the existence of a contagious or infect- ious disease among his animals, or expose thereto, or shall wilfully violate any provisions of the Act, or any regulations or orders lawfully made in conformity therewith, or shall in any manner hinder, resist or obstruct the execution of any such regulation or order, or hinder, resist or obstruct any of- ifcer or employe of said Sanitary Board in the discharge of LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 31 his duty,.or in the exercise of his lawful powers, or shall negligently break any quarantine, or shall negligently suffer any quarantined animal or animals to escape from quaran- tine, or take or allow any animal or animals to go into any quarantine area or premises, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be punished by a fine of not more than Five Hundred Dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail not more than six months, or both fine and imprison- ment, and shall be liable for all damages which may be sus- tained by any person or persons by reason of such act or acts which damages may be recovered by such person or per- sons in a civil action in any court of competent jurisdiction. Section 32. Diseased Animals Not to Run at Large. It is unlawful for the owner or for any person in charge of any horse, mule, ass, sheep, goat, cattle, or other domestic animals affected with any contagious infectious disease: to allow such animals to run at large on any range or within any enclosure where such animals may come in contact with any other animal not so diseased. All animals affected with con- _tagious infectious disease must be at once removed by the owner thereof, or the person in charge of the same to some secure inside enclosure, where contact with other animals by reaching over or through the fence of the enclosure will be impossible, or must be strictly herded six miles away from any farm or from other stock running at large or being herd- ed. Every person who knowingly neglects or refuses to re- moved or to so enclose or herd away from farms or other stock, such diseased animals affected with contagious infec- tious disease, after receiving notice of their diseased condi- tion, is punishable as provided in Section 8531 (700) of the Penal Code, and is liable for damages to the party injured. Section 33. Penalties for Allowing Diseased Animals to Run at Large. It shall be unlawful for any owner, agent, or person in charge of, to permit any domestic animal or animals herein mentioned, that are known to be suffering from or ex- posed to any contagious or infectious disease, to run at large _ on the public range or public highway, and each offense shall be punishable by a fine of not less than Twenty-Five nor more than Five Hundred Dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not more than six months, or both. Section 34. What Constitutes Breaking .Quarantine. Breaking quarantine shall mean the taking of any animal or 32 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA animals or allowing any animal or animals (of the kind quar- antined by the State Veterinary Surgeon or Deputy) to go within or out of any building, corral, premises or range quar- antined by the Sanitary Board, State Veterinary Surgeon or Deputy. Section 35. Reports of State Veterinary Surgeon. The State Veterinary Surgeon shall, on or before the tenth day of December each year, make a written report to the Sanitary. Board, which report must be transmitted by them to the Governor. Section 386. Repealing Clause. Sections 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1898, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, and .1903 of the Revised Codes of 1907; Chapter 146 of the Session Laws of 1911; Chapters 68, 90, and 123 of the Session Laws of 1913; Chap- . ters 9 and 140 of the Session Laws of 1915, and all Acts or parts of Acts in conflict with this Act are hereby repealed, save, however, the right to prosecute all civil or criminal actions. that may have arisen under these provisions, which actions may be prosecuted with like force and effect as if said Acts had not been repealed. Section 37. This Act to Take effect April 15, 1917. CHAPTER 127, SESSION LAWS 1915. “An Act directing the levying of a tax on live stock, for ~ ' the purpose of aiding in the payment of salaries and expenses of the Board of Stock Commissioners, the Board of Sheep Commissioners and the Live Stock Sanitary Board for the payment of indemnity for animals slaughtered and of ex- penses in investigating and suppressing diseases and for the payment of bounties on wild animals and repealing Chapter 49 of the Session Laws of the Twelfth Legislative Assembly relating to the levying of a tax for the aye of bounties, — stock inspection and indemnity purposes.” Be It Enacted by The Legislative Assembly of the State of Montana: | Section 1. In addition to appropriations made for ncn purposes, a tax is hereby authorized and directed to be levied ~ LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA : 33 on all livestock in this State for the purpose of aiding in the payment of the salaries and all expenses connected with the - enforcement of the stock laws of the State of Montana and for the payment of bounties on wild animals, as hereinafter speci- fied. — Section 2. The State Board of Equalization is hereby empowered and it is made its duty annually to prescribe the levy to be made against livestock of all classes for the pur- pose above indicated and the various Boards herein named shall have the right to recommend to said State Board of Equalization the amount of such levy. Section 3. The amount of such levy shall not in any - event exceed the sum of one (1) mill which shall be levied to aid in the payment of the general expense of the Board of Stock Commissioners and of the Board of Sheep Commis- sioners, including salaries, office expense, detective expense. expense of prosecution, travel and all incidental expenses and a separate levy of not exceeding one and one-half (114) mills for the use of the State Livestock Sanitary Board for the payment of indemnity for animals slaughtered and of ex- penses incurred in investigating and suppressing diseases in- cluding expenses of quarantine and all expenses incurred for such purposes; Provided, that not more than fifty thousand ($50,000.00) dollars of said State Live Stock Sanitary Board fund shall be set aside as an emergency fund and shall be ex- pended only when said Sanitary Board determines that an emergency exists, requiring its expenditure and it shall then be expended for such purposes as said Sanitary Board may order and direct. Section 4. The money received from the tax levied on sheep as provided in the first part of Section 3 of this Act - Shall be placed to the credit of the Sheep Inspection and In- - demnity Fund and shall’be used to aid in the payment of the general expenses, salaries, office expense, detective expense, expense of prosecution, travel and other expenses of the Board of Sheep Commissioners, and the moneys received from the tax on ail other stock, as provided in Section 3 of this Act, Shall be placed to the credit of the Stock Inspection and De- tective Fund to be used for like purposes for said Board of - Stock Commissioners. The moneys received from the tax levied by the second division of said Section 3, shall be 34 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA placed in a fund to be known as the Live Stock Sanitary Board Fund, to be used by said Board for the payment of indemnity for animals slaughtered and for the pay- — ment of expenses in investigating and suppressing diseases, including quarantine and all expenses connected therewith. Section 5. The taxes levied and the money collected pursuant to the provisions of Section 3 of this Act shall be © transmitted annually with other taxes for State purposes to the State Treasury by the county treasurer of each county — and’ such county treasurer shall designate the amount re-— ceived from the tax levied on sheep and the amount received from the tax levied on all other livestock and shall specify said separate amounts in his report to the State Treasurer and such money when received by the State Treasurer shall ° be placed to the credit of the funds as provided in Section 4 of this Act. | Section 6. The State Board of Equalization shall, in ad- dition to the tax heretofore in this Act provide for, annually prescribe the levy to be made against livestock of all classes for the purpose of aiding in the payment of bounties on wild animals killed within this State which tax shall not in any one year exceed one and one-half (114) mills on the dollar upon the assessed valuation of such livestock and such money so received shall be used and applied only in payment of claims for bounty for the killing of wild animals after the passage and approval of this Act and the moneys received from the taxes so levied shall be transmitted annually with other taxes for State purposes to the State Treasury by the county treasurer of each county and when received by the State Treasurer, shall be placed to the credit of the bounty © fund and such money shall thereafter be paid out only on claims duly and regularly presented to the State Board of. Examiners in accordance with the law for the payment of bounty for the-killing of wild animals. Section 7. All claims for bounty made against the State hereafter if passed, allowed and not paid within a period of thirty (80) days after presentation to and allowance by the State Board of Examiners shall be registered in the office of the State Board of Examiners in a book provided for such | purpose and thereafter shall bear interest at the rate of four (4) per cent per annum until paid. : LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 35 Section 8. Chapter 49 of the Session Laws of the Twelfth Assembly and all Acts and parts of Acts in con- fliction with this Act be and the same are hereby repealed. Section 9. This Act shall be in full force and effect from and after its passage and approval. Approved March 8, 1915. CHAPTER 39, SESSION LAWS 1917. “An Act to amend Section 8492 of the Revised Codes of Montana, 1907, Relative to the Sale of Carcasses of Animals Affected with an Infectious Contagious Disease.” Section 1. Section 8492 of the Revised Codes of Mon- tana is hereby amended to read as follows: “Section 8492. -It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or offer for sale the carcass or any part of the carcass of an animal having Actinomycosis (Big Jaw), Tuberculosis, or any other infectious or contagious disease unless the same shall have been inspected and passed by a representative of the Live Stock Sanitary Board or the United States Bureau of Animal Industry.” Section 2. Any person guilty of violating this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeeanor and upon conviction shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding Five Hundred Dollars or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by both fine and imprisonment. — | Section 3. All Acts and parts of Acts in conflict here- with are hereby repealed. | Section 4. This Act shall be in full force and effect from and after its passage and approval. Approved February 16th, 1917. — CHAPTER 118, SESSION LAWS 1917. “An Act to Regulate the Sale and Distribution of Tuberculin.” ~ Section 1. Any person, firm or corporation desiring to sell or distribute tuberculin for animal use in the State of Montana, must first secure permission from the Live Stock Sanitary Board. 36 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA - a) Section 2. Any person, firm or corporation having se- cured permission from the Live Stock Sanitary Board to sell or distribute tuberculin for animal use within this State as prescribed in Section 1, shall, on the same day of selling, furnishing or supplying tuberculin, report in writing to the Live Stock Sanitary Board the name, or names, and address of the person, or persons, furnished, including a pet OF the amount of tuberculin supplied. Section 3. Any person, firm or corporation violating any of the provisions of this Act shall be guilty of a mis- demeanor and punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five - ($25.00) dollars and not more than five hundred ($500.00) dollars or by imprisonment for not less than thirty (80) days and not: more than ninety (90) days, or both fine and im- prisonment. | Section 4. All Acts or parts of Acts in conflict here- -with are hereby repealed. Section 5. This Act to take effect April 15, 1917. Approved February 27, 1917. CHAPTER 125, SESSION LAWS 1917. “An Act to Repeal Section 8836 of the Revised Codes of Montana of 1907 and Designating the Duties-of Owners of Stallions.” Section 1. That hereafter it shall be inlaw for any owner or owners of a ridgling, or unaltered male mule or jackass over the age of eighteen months to permit the same to run at large. Section 2. That hereafter it shall a unlawful for any owner or owners of a stud horse over the age of eighteen months to permit the same to run at large unless the owner or owners of such stud horse has first filed with the County Clerk and Recorder of the county where such stud horse is owned, a description in writing of said stud horse. The des- eription so filed shall give the age, color and brand or brands and owner of said stud horse. é Section 3. Any person may take up any animal describ- ed in Section 1 of this Act and if the same is not claimed within five days may castrate such animal at the expense of the owner or owners. : LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 37 Section 4. Any person who takes up any animal des- cribed in Section 2 of this Act shall make inquiry of the Clerk and Recorder of the county wherein such animal is taken up, and the County Clerk and Recorder of adjoining counties and the General Recorder of Marks and Brands at Helena and said officers shall inform the person who makes such inquiry whether such animal is recorded or not, and shall notify the owner if known who may within five days after the receipt of said notice take possession of said animal upon payment of costs not to exceed $1.00 per day for time such animal is held. If ownership cannot be determined in the manner aforesaid then the person who takes up any animal described in Section 2 of this Act may castrate said animal. Section 5. Any person or persons violating any of the provisions of this Act shall be punishable by a fine not. ex- ceeding fifty dollars and shall be liable to the owner of such animal for the damage sustained by such owner by reason thereof. Section 6. Section 8836 of the Revised Codes of Mon- tana, 1907, is hereby repealed. Section 7. This act shall be in full force and effect from and after its passage and approval. Approved February 27, 1917. CHAPTER 62, SESSION LAWS 1917. “An Act Regulating the Running at Large of Bulls on Public Ranges or National Forest Reserves in the State of Mon- tana, and Providing Penalties.” Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, persons or corporations to turn upon, or allow to run at large on, the open range or National Forest Reserves within the State of Montana, any bull other than a pure bred bull of a recog- nized beef type. The words “pure bred” when construed in connection with this Section shall mean high grade bulls of good and superior individuality with two top crosses of any of the recognized beef breeds. Section 2. Any bull found running at large on the open ~ range or National Forest Reserve in violation of the provi- sions of this Act may be taken up and ‘castrated; provided 38 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA that the owner of such bull, if known,,must be immediately notified by the person taking up such bull either by direct notice or by registered mail. Ten days after said notice has been given, or ten days after the mailing of registered letter, if the owner does not procure such bull, then the bull may be castrated by the person or agent of the person serving such notice. If the owner is unknown, then the person holding such bull must immediately notify the State Recorder of Marks and Brands who must notify the owner by registered mail or direct service, and also notify the person holding the bull the date of service or registration of service, and if not claimed in ten days after such notice, or if the owner is un- known to the Recorder of Marks and Brands, then the bull may be castrated. Section 3. Any person, persons or corporation violating Section Two of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punishable by a fine of not less than Twenty-Five ($25.00) Dollars and not more than Two Hundred Fifty ($250.00) Dollars. 7 Section 4. The cost of holding and castrating any ani- mals taken up under the provisions of this Act shall be charged against the owner of such animal and may be re- covered in a civil action in any court of competent jurisdic- — tion. Section 5. All Acts and parts of Acts in conflict here- - with are hereby repealed. Section 6. This Act shall be in full force and effect im- mediately upon and after its passage and approval. Approved February 22, 1917. MONTANA STALLION LAW. Original Act Approved March 8, 1909. Amendments Approved March 8, 1915. Section 1. (Original Act) Evey person, firm or com- pany, standing or using any stallion or jack for public ser- vice in this State shall cause the name, description and pedi- gree of such stallion or jack to be enrolled by a Stallion Regis- tration Board, hereinafter provided for, and shall secure a license from said Board as provided for in Section 4 of this ee Board. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 39 Act. All enrollment and verification of pedigree shall be done by said Board. Section 2. (Original Act) In order to carry out the provisions of this Act, there shall be constituted a Stallion Registration Board, whose duty it shall be to verify and register pedigrees; to employ one or more competent grad- uate veterinarians to make examination of the stallions for soundness, at one or more points in each county in the State; to pass upon certificates or veterinary examination; to issue stallion license certificate; to make all necessary rules and regulations; and to perform: such other duties as may be necessary to carry out and enforce the provisions of this Act. Said Board shall hold an annual meeting at the College of Agriculture in Bozeman, the first Tuesday in February, and such other meetings as may be necessary. Section 38. (Original Act) The Stallion Registration Board shall be composed of the President of the Montana Horse Breeders’ Association, the State Veterinarian, and the Professor of Animal Husbandry at the Montana Experiment Station, who shall be secretary and executive officer of this Section 4. (Original Act). In order to secure the li- cense certificate herein provided for, the owner shall apply for such to the Stallion Registration Board, after the stallion or jack has been examined for soundness the owner of such stallion or jack shall furnish to the Stallion Registration Board the veterinary certificate, and book registry certifi- cate of pedigree of the stallion or jack and all other necessary papers relating to his breeding and ownership. Upon veri- fication of pedigree and certificate of breeding, a stallion or jack certificate shall be issued to the owner. The presence of any one or more of the ‘Sloane named diseases shall disqualify a stallion or jack for public service, except such stallions or jacks as were in public use or held for sale or public service at the time of the enactment and passage of this Act; such diseases or unsoundness hereby defined as infectious, contagious or transmissible diseases or unsound- ness, for the purpose of this Act; Cataract, amaurosis, laryn- geal hemiplegia, (roaring or whistling), chorea, (St. Vitus dance, cramping, shivering, springhalt) bone spavin, ring- _ bone, side bone, glanders, farcy, maladie du coit, urethal gleeg, mange, melanosis and curb when accompanied by curby hock. 40 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA The Stallion Registration Board is hereby authorized to refuse certificate of enrollment to any stallion or jack affect- ed with any one of the diseases specified, and to revoke pre- viously issued stallion license certificate of any stallion One jack found on examination to be so affected, except stallions or jacks in the State at the time of the enactment and pass- age of this Act. No stallion or jack shall stand for public service in the State of Montana which is deformed or so badly diseased as — to be, in the opinion of the Stallion Registration Board, wholly unfit for breeding purposes, and said Board is hereby authorized to refuse license certificates and registry for said animal. Section 5. (Original Act) The Stallion Registration Board is authorized in case of emergency to grant temporary license certificate without veterinary examination, upon re- ceipt of an affidavit of the owner to the effect that to the best of his knowledge and belief said horse or jack is free from infectious, contagious or transmissible disease or un- soundness. Temporary license certificates shall be valid only until veterinary examination can reasonably be made. Stallions or jacks in the state previous to the passage and enactment of this law shall have described in their li- cense certificate any hereditary diseases or unsoundness re- ferred to in Section 4 of this Act. | Section 6. (Original Act) Every person, firm or com- pany, importing any stallion or jack into the State of Mon- tana, for breeding purposes, shall first secure a certificate from a recognized state or federal veterinary officer, certify- ing that said animal is free from any or all diseases or un- soundness referred to in Section 4 of this Act. | A copy of this certificate must be mailed to the Secre- tray of the Stallion Registration Board, at the Montana Ex- - periment Station, Bozeman, Montana, at least ten days be- fore the importation of said stallion or jack into the state. No stallion or jack which is neither pure bred nor grade, according to the meaning of this Act shall be imported into this state for breeding purposes. . Section 7. (Original Act) The owner of any stallion or jack standing for public service in this state shall post and. keep affixed during the entire breeding season copies of the license certificate of such stallion or jack, issued under the LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA i ee provision of this Act, ni a conspicious place upon the main door leading into every stable or building where said stallion or ajck stands for public service. Said copies shall be printed in bold face and conspicuous type, not smaller than small pica, especially the words “pure bred,” “grade,” etc. Section 8. (Section 1 of Amendment.) The _ license certificate issued after proper examination of a stallion or jack whose sire and dam are of pure breeding, and the pedi- gree certificate of which is registered in a stud book recog- nized by the Montana Stallion Registration Board, and in the ease of foreign pedigree certificates those which are regis- tered in a stud book recognized by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, shall be in the following form: STALLION REGISTRATION BOARD. License Certificate of Pure Bred Stallion or Jack. The pedigree of the stallion (name) _...............: peed foe DEE Gy IS ey AS a ec ae ae foe MOV ere tee Descriped as Tollows : 2.22:22-22.22-.-22.2....- CNG Sees Ae el Ce ne ee Foaled in: the year..." w<.. has been examined by the Stallion Registration Board of Montana, and it is hereby certified that the said stallion or jack is of pure breeding, is registered in a stud book recog- nized by said Stallion Registration Board. The above named stallion or jack has been examined by the veterinarian appointed by the Stallion Registration Board, and is reported as free from infectious, contagious or trans- missible disease or unsoundness (or is affected with.........._..... es epee te Ce 3) SS ) and is licensed to stand for public ser- vice in the State of Montana. Sec’y Stallion Registration Board of Montana. 42 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA The license certificate issued after proper examination for a stallion or jack whose sire or dam, but not both, is of pure breeding, shall be in the following form: STALLION REGISTRATION BOARD. License Certificate of Grade Stallion or Jack. : The pedigree of the stallion (name) we Oped Dy geile Ae ee oe 8 Bred by ae =. Described. as: follows: 22.2000. Color Saas TRICO ee sei WR eer Sea se EE Foaled in the year.................... has been examined by the Stallion Registration Board of Montana and it is hereby certified that the said stallion or jack is not of pure breeding, and is therefore not eligible for registration in any stud book recognized by the Stallion Reg- istration Board. The above named stallion or jack has been examined by the Veterinarian appointed by the Stallion Registration Board, and is reported as free from infectious, contagious or trans- missible disease or unsoundness (or is affected with _________ Pema Po Nee tee ) and is licensed to stand for public ser- vice in the State of Montana. ; Sec’y Stallion Registration Board of Montana. Section 9. (Original Act) Every bill, poster or adver- tisement issued by the owner of any stallion or jack licensed under this Act, or used by him for advertising such stallion or jack shail contain a copy of his license certificate and shall not contain illustrations, pedigrees or other matter that is un- truthful or misleading. Section 10. (Section 1 of Amendment.) A fee of ten - dollars ($10.00) shall be paid to the Secretary of the Stallion Registration Board for the veterinary examination and en- rollment of each pedigree and the issuance of a license cer- tificate. A fee not exceeding two dollars ($2.00) shall be paid annually for the renewal of the license. Stallions or jacks shall be examined every four years, until ten years of age, and after the first examination shall be exempt from ex-_ amination at ten years of age and over. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 43 Section 11. (Original Aet.) Upon transfer of the ownership of any stallion or jack licensed under the provi- sions of this Act the license certificate may be transferred by the secretary of this Board to the transferee upon the submittal of satisfactory proof of such transfer of owner- ‘ship and upon the payment of one dollar ($.100). Section 12. (Original Act). Any person or persons knowingly or wilfully violating any of the provisions of this Act shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars ($50.00) nor more than two hundred dollars ($200.00), or by imprisonment for not less than thirty days or more than six months or by fine and imprisonment for each offense. Section 13. The funds accruing from the above named fees shall be used by the Stallion Registration Board to de- fray the expenses of the veterinary examination, of enroll- - ment of pedigrees and issuance of licenses. Any funds not so used shall be used to publish reports or bulletins containing lists of stallions examined, to encourage the horse and mule breeding interests of this state to disseminate information pertaining to horse breeding, and for any other such purposes as may be necessary to carry out the purposes and enforce the provisions of this Act. - Section 14. It shall be the duty of this Board to make annual report, including financial statements, to the Governor of the State, and all financial records of said Board shall be subject to inspection at any time by the public examiner. Section 15. (Section 1 of Amendment.) No part of this Act shall apply to stallions turned upon the open range, and the term “Standing for Public Service,” is hereby defined as the service of a stallion or jack for a fee when said stallion or jack is stood at one or more places for a public use. Section 16. ‘(Section 1 of Amendment.) No railroad company, transportation company, or common carrier shall transport into the State of Montana any stallion or jack un- - less accompanied by a state or federal veterinary certificate as provided in Section 6 of this Act. Violation of this pro- vision shall be punished as provided in Section 12 of this Act. Section 17. (Section 2 of Amendment.) All Acts and parts of Acts in conflict with this Act are hereby repealed. 44 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA Section 18. (Section 3 of Amendment.) This Act shall be in full force and effect from and after its passage and ap- proval by the Governor. Original Act approved March 8, 1909. Amendments approved March 8, 1915. CHAPTER 130, SESSION LAWS OF MONTANA, 1911. Extracts from PURE FOOD LAW. Section 3. No person either by himself or by his ser- vant or agent or as the servant or agent of another person, Shall sell, exchange or deliver, expose or offer for sale or ex- change adulterated milk, or milk to which water or any foreign substance has been added, milk produced from cows which have been fed on fermenting refuse from distilleries, breweries, or sugar factories or stable bedding or barnyard refuse, provided that fermenting pulp fed in conjunction with ground alfalfa and syrup be excepted, or from sick or diseased cows, or as pure, milk from which the cream or part thereof _has been removed, or milk collected or kept or handled under conditions which are not cleanly or sanitary and which do not conform to the rules and regulations of the State Board of Health made in conformity with the provisions of this Act, or milk containing less than eight and one-half (814) per cent of milk solids, exclusive of fat, and three and twenty-five © hundredths (8.25) per cent of milk fat, or milk which con- tains any added color preservative, or as cream, milk contain- ing less than twenty (20) per cent of milk fat. Section 6. The State Veterinarian, either in person or by his deputies shall tuberculin test all cattle used in and about all dairies in the State of Montana at least once during each calendar year; and all persons, firms or corporations con- - ducting a dairy in this state shall file with the Secretary of. the State Board of Health a certificate for each cow here- | after added to his dairy, which certificate shall be signed by a veterinarian approved by the State Board of Health and shall state that such cow has been tuberculin tested by him and found to be free from tuberculosis, and such certificate shall contain a description of such cow, which description ~ shall be sufficiently complete to identify the cow; and any LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 45 ‘person or firm or corporation using any cow in his dairy, or keeping any cow on his dairy premises, which has not been tuberculin tested and found free from tuberculosis shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be deemed guilty of selling milk from diseased cows. For the purpose of this Act any person shall be deemed as-conducting a dairy who offers for sale any milk or cream, or who sells milk or cream to any butter factory, creamery or other place where milk or milk - products are manufactured or sold. Section 7. It shall be unlawful for any person, persons, firm or corporation to sell within this State or to have within ~ his or their possession with the intent to sell within this State for human food, the carcass or parts of the carcass of any animal which has been slaughtered, prepared, handled or kept under unsanitary conditions; and unsanitary conditions shall be deemed to exist whenever and wherever any one or more of the following conditions are found to appear, to-wit: If the slaughter house is dilapidated or in a state of decay; if the floor or side walls are soaked with decaying blood or other animal matter, if efficient fly screens are not provid- ed, if the drainage of the slaughter house yard is not effi- cient, if maggots or filthy pools or hog wallows exist in the - slaughter-house yard or under the slaughter-house floor, if the water supply used in connection with the cleaning or pre- paring of the meat is not pure and uncontaminated; if the hogs . are kept in the slaughter-house yard or fed therein on animal offal, or if the odors of putrification plainly exist in or about the slaughter-house; if carcasses or parts of carcasses are - transported from place to place when not covered with clean white cloths, or if kept in unclean or bad smelling refrigera- tor or refrigerators, or if kept in unclean or foul smelling store rooms. It shall be unlawful for any person, persons, _ firm or corporation to have in his or their possession with in- tent to sell the carcass of any animal or fowl which has died from any cause other than being slaughtered in a sanitary manner, or the carcass or part of the carcass of any animal that shows evidence of any disease or that came from a sick or diseased animal, or the carcass or part of the carcass of any calf that was killed before it had attained the age of four ~ weeks. pe It shall be unlawful for any person, persons, firm or cor- ; poration to sell or offer for sale any eggs after the same have 46 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA been placed in an incubator, or to sell or offer for sale to be used as food, knowingly, eggs in a rotten, decayed or decay- ing condition. It shall be the duty of all peace or health officers to seize any animal carcass or parts of carcasses or any domestic or wild fowl, eggs, game, fish or other food product found to be unwholesome and which are intended for sale or offered for sale for human food, or which have been slaughtered or prepared, handled or kept under unsanitary conditions as herein defined or as the rules and regulations of the State Board of Health may designate, and shall deliver the same forthwith to and before the nearest police judge or justice of the peace, together with all information obtained, and said police judge or said justice of the peace shall issue warrants of arrest for all persons believed to have violated any provi- sions of this Act, and said cause shall be tried at an early date thereafter. The said police judge or justice of the peace shall immediately drench the unwholesome food brought be- fore him with kerosene and require the owner thereof to im- mediately dispose of the same in a sanitary manner, or he may, in his discretion, order the unwholesome food rendered into grease and tankage. SECTIONS FROM THE PENAL CODES. 8506. Killing or Selling Meat of Calf Less Than Four ~ Weeks Old. Whoever kills, or causes to be killed, for the pur- . pose of sale, a calf less than four weeks old, or knowingly sells or has in his possession, with intent to sell for food, the meat — of such calf, shall be fined not exceeding Fifty ($50.00) ‘Dol- lars, or be imprisoned not exceeding thirty days in the county jail, or both such fine and imprisonment. (Act approved March 8, 1907, ss 14.) (10th Sess., Chap. 175.) 8531. Using or Exposing Animals with Glanders. Any _ person who shall knowingly sell or offer for sale or use, or ex- pose, or who shall cause or procure to be sold or offered for sale, or used, or exposed, any horse, mule, or other animal having the disease known as glanders, farcy, or any contag- — -jous disease, or violates any of the provisions of SS 1900 (3068) of the Political Code, is guilty of a misdemeanor. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 47 8532. Animal Having Glanders to be Killed. Every ani- mal having glanders or farcy, shall at once be deprived of life by the owner or person having charge thereof, upon discovery or knowledge of its condition; and any such owner or person omitting or refusing to comply with the provisions of this Section, is guilty of a misdemeanor. 8690. False Pedigree of Animals, Ete. Every person - who makes, publishes, delivers or uses any false or fraudu- lent pedigree of any horse, cattle, sheep or other domestic animal for the purpose of increasing the value of the animal is punishable by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars. 8691. Selling Animal with False Pedigree. Every per- son who by statements or representations concerning a false or fraudulent pedigree sells to another any domestic animal and such animal is not of the breeding or pedigree as repre- sented, is punishable by a fine not exceeding fifty dollars, and _is liable to the purchaser in a civil action for double the value or price paid for the animal. 8775. Abandonment of Disabled Animals. Every per- - son being the owner, or in possession or having charge or custody of a maimed, diseased or infirm animal, who abandons and leaves such animal to die in the street, highway or public place, is guilty of a misdemeanor and such animal may be killed by any sheriff or peace officer in a humane manner, and the owner shall be liable for the necessary care of such animal while living and for the cost of disposing of the car- eass. (Act approved February 25, 1905.) (9th Sess., Chap. 35.) | 8778. Poisoning Animals. Every person who wilfully administers any poison to an animal the property of another ° or maliciously exposes any poisonous substance with the in- tent that the same shall be taken or swallowed by any such animal is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not exceeding three years or in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or by both fine and imprisonment. | 8779. Keeping Cows in Unhealthy Places. Any person _who keeps a cow or any animal for the production of milk in a crowded or unhealthy place or in a diseased condition, or feeds such cow or animal upon food that produces impure or ~- unwholesome milk; is punishable by imprisonment in the ff 48. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA county jail not exceeding three months or by fine not ex- ceeding two hundred dollars, or both. 8837. Ram Running at Large. Every person who owns, controls, or has the custody of any ram or he goat, and allows the same to run at large between the first day of August and the first day of December of each year, is punishable by a fine not exceeding twenty dollars. 55 8838. Swine Running at Large. That hereafter it shall be unlawful for any owner or owners of swine to permit the same to run at large. (Act approved March 6, 1895.) 8841. Removing Skin From Animals. Every person who removes the skin from an animal and leaves the carcass within one-quarter of a mile of a dwelling is punishable by a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars. 8842. Scabby Sheep. Every person who removes from one point to another in any of the counties of this state, or from one county to another, any scabby sheep, or any sheep that have been scabby within one year, without the written — certificate of the sheep inspector, or the written consent of all the sheep owners or managers along the route, and in the ~ vicinity of the proposed location, is punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars. This Section does not apply to scabby sheep imported into this state and against which quarantine has. been declared. 8843. Bringing Infected Animals into State. Every per- son who brings into this state sheep infected with scab or other infectious disease, or any horses, mules, asses or cattle infected with any contagious disease, is punishes by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars. 8844. Disobeying Orders of State Veterinary Sins Every person who fails to comply with or disregards any law- ful order or direction made by the State Veterinary Surgeon, or Deputy, or Deputy Sheep Inspector, under the provisions of the Political Code, concerning scab and other contagious diseases among sheep, or to prevent the spread. of disease among cattle, is punishable by a fine not. ope five hun- | dred dollars. 8845. Receiving and Transporting Diseasul Sheep. Every person who, after the publication of the proclamation of the Governor of this State prohibiting the importation of diseased sheep into this state, knowingly receives any such - LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 49 sheep from any of the prohibited districts, or transports the same within the limits of the state, is punishable by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars. 8846. Moving Diseased Sheep. - Every person in charge of sheep being shipped into this state, against which quaran- tine has been declared, as specified in the last preceding Sec- tion, and fails to notify the deputy inspector of the county in whcih such sheep are brought, or allows any such sheep to pass over or upon any public highway, or upon the ranges oc- cupied by other sheep, or within five miles of any corral in which sheep are regularly corralled, before such sheep are in- spected as provided by law, is punishable by a fine not ex- ceeding five hundred dollars. | 8847. Importing Diseased Cattle into State. Every per- son who imports into this state any cattle, horses, mules or asses, after the governor has made proclamation holding in quarantine for the purpose of inspection for contagious or infectious diseases, such animals, and allows the same or any of them to leave the place of their first arrival in this state, until they have been examined by the state veterinary sur- geon, and a certificate has been obtained therfrom that such animals are free from disease, or permits any such animals to run at large, or to be removed, or to escape before such certi- ficate has been received, is punishable by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars. This section does not apply to any animals driven in harness, or under yoke, or ridden by their owners into this state. 8848. Receiving or Transporting Diseased Cattle. Every | person who, after the publication of such proclamation know- ingly receives or transports within the limits of this state any animal mentioned in the. preceding Section, before the certificate mentioned therein has ben given, is punishable by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars. 8849. Obstructing Veterinary Surgeon, Etc. Every per- son who owns or has the custody of any cattle, horses, mules, or asses infected with contagious disease, and fails to immedi- _ ately report the same to the state veterinary surgeon, or con- ceals the existence of such disease, or attempts to do so, or wilfully obstructs or resists the said veterinary surgeon in the - discharge of his duty as provided by law, or sells, gives away or uses the meat or milk; or removes the skin or any part of 50 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA such animal is punishable by a fine not exceeding five hun- dred dollars. 7 8867. Diseased Animals. It is unlawful for any person having in charge any horse, mule, ass, sheep, hog, or cattle, affected with a contagious disease, to allow such animal to run on any range or to be within any enclosure where they may come in contact with any other animal not so diseased. All animals so. affected must be immediately removed to an inside enclosure secure from other animals, or must be herded six miles away from any farm or ranch or from any other stock running at large or being herded. Every person who neglects or refuses to remove, or inclose, or herd as aforesaid, such diseased: animals, is guilty of a misdemeanor and liable in damages to the party injured. CHAPTER 82, SESSION LAWS 1913. “An Act to Regulate the Practice of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery in the State of Montana; and to establish a Board of Examiners in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery: and to define offenses committed contrary to the provisions of this Act; and providing penalties for the violation thereof.” Be It Enacted by the ress Assembly of the State of Montana: Section 1. State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners. That there be and is hereby created a State Board of Veter- inary Medical Examiners to be appointed by the Governor of the State of Montana, which shall consist of three reputable practitioners of veterinary medicine and surgery, who shall have graduated from some college authorized by law and recognized by the American Veterinary Medical Association to confer degrees, and each of whom shall, after the first board has been appointed, be licensed under this Act. The appointments first made shall: be for one year, one for two years, and one fo rfour years, and, thereafter, appointments shall be made for the term of four years. The Montana State Veterinary Medical Society shall, at each annual meeting nominate twice the number of examiners to be appointed that year on the Board. The names of such nominees shall be annually transmitted under seal by the president and sec- retary prior to May Ist, to the Governor, who shall, prior to — | LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 51 August 1st, appoint from such lists the examiners that will be required to fill any vacancies that will occur from expiration of term on July 31st. Any other vacancy, however; accur- ring, Shall likewise be filled by the Governor for the unexpired term. Each nominee, before appointment, shall furnish to the Governor proof that he has received a degree in veterinary medicine from an authorized veterinary medical school and that he has actually and legally practiced veterinary medicine in this State for at least two years. If no nominees are legal- ly before him from the Society, the Governor may appoint from the members of the veterinary profession in good stand- ing in Montana without restriction. The Governor may, after due notice and hearing, remove any examiner for misconduct, incapacity or neglect of duty. Section 2. Certificate of Appointment; Oath; Officers; Meetings; Quorum; Powers. Every veterinary medical ex- aminer shall receive a certificate of appointment from the Governor, and, before beginning his term of office, shall file with the Secretary of State, the Constitutional oath of of- fice. The Board shall annually elect from its members a president, vice-president, and secretary-treasurer, and shall hold two regular meetings each year. At any meeting a ma- jority shall constitute a quorum. If any member of the Board shall, without cause, absent himself from two of its regular meetings consecutively, his office shall be deemed vacant. The Board may take testimony and proofs concerning all mat- ters within its jurisdiction. The Board may make all by-laws and rules not inconsistent with law needed in performing its duties. Section 3. Expenses; Record; Bond; Moneys; Report. Each member of the Board shall be entitled to receive all necessary traveling and incidental expenses, provided such ex- penses shall not exceed the amount in the treasury in any fis- cal year. The secretary-treasurer shall receive an additional salary to be fixed by the Board and not to exceed one hundred and fifty dollars per annum, ($150.00 per annum.) The secretary-treasurer shall give bond in such sum and with such conditions as the Board may from time to time direct. The Board shall keep full and complete minutes of its proceedings and of its receipts and disbursements, and a full and accurate list of all persons licensed and registered by it, and such rec- 52 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA ords shall be public records, and shall, at all times, be open to public inspection. The secretary-treasurer of said Board shall be the legal custodian of all moneys received for licenses or certificate of registration, as provided by this article, up to and including the sum of one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) which shall constitute a trust fund to be used, besides sal- aries and other expenses of the Board, in carrying on prose- cutions under the provisions of this Act. If, at any time, the amount of money received, after deducting such salaries and expenses, shall amount to more than one thousand dol- — lars ($1,000.00), the secretary-treasurer shall forward the same to the Treasurer of the State of Montana, and receive his official receipt for same. Said Board shall, not later than July 15th, of each year, submit to the Governor a full and complete report of its proceedings during the twelve months immediately preceding. Section 4. Application; Examination; Fees. Any per- son desiring to begin the practice of veterinary medicine or veterinary surgery in the State of Montana, or who shall desire to hold himself or herself out to the public as a practi- tioner of veterinary medicine or veterinary surgery, except as provided in Section Ten of this Act, shall make application to said Board of Examiners for license to do so. Such ap- plication shall be upon a blank furnished by said Board, and shall be accompanied by satisfactory evidence of the good moral character of the applicant, and shall present evidence of having graduated in and received a degree from a legally authorized veterinary. medical school recognized by the American Veterinary Medical Association; said school or Col- lege having a curriculum requiring a three-year course or its equivalent for graduation. On application, the diploma of said applicant shall be submitted to said Board for inspection and verification. Every person applying to said Board for license to practice shall pay to the Board the fee of ten dol- lars ($10.00) which fee shall in no case be refunded, and which shall become a part of the funds of the treasury of the Board. Said Board shall, by means of examination, either oral or written as the Board may determine, ascertain the professional qualifications for license of all applicants under this Act, and shall issue such license to all who are . found upon examination to be in the judgment of said Board LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 53 competent to practice, and no such license shall be issued to any person who is not found by such examination to be com- petent. Such examination shall be held at a time and place or places specified by said Board, and shall include suitable questions for a thorough examination in comparative ana- tomy, physiology and hygiene, in chemistry and veterinary surgery, obstetrics, pathology and diagnosis and therapeutics, including practice and materia medica, bacteriology, paris- itology and other branches deemed advisable by the Board. Said Board shall consecutively number all applications re- ‘ceived and note upon each the disposition made of it and pre- serve same for reference, and shall number consecutively all licenses issued. Provided that veterinarians holding a diploma from a recognized veterinary medical school, who are at the time of the passage and approval of this Act engaged in the practice of veterinary medicine in the State of Mon- tana, shall be entitled to a license without examination. Any candidate failing in one subject with a general average of eighty per cent in the others may be re-examined in that sub- ject at any regular examination; failing in one subject with a lower average or in two or more subjects, may be admited to a subsequent examination on original fee after six months have elapsed and must take the examination in all subjects. The Board may issue temporary license to such candidate, allowing him or her to practice pending the successful pass- age of an examination. Section 5. Application for License as Farrier. Any per- son desiring to begin the practice of treating domestic ani- mals in the State of Montana, under the title of Farrier, shall make application to said Board of Veterinary Medical Ex- aminers on or before July 1, 1918, so to do. Such applica- tion shall be upon a form furnished by said Board, and shall be accompanied by the fee prescribed in Section 4 of this. Act, and satisfactory evidence of the good moral character of the applicant, who shall present satisfactory evidence of having resided in the State of Montana for a period. of twenty-four months’ immediately previous to the passage and approval of this Act, and of having treated domestic animals as a part of his or her avocation during that period, and a license shall be granted. Such license shall entitle him or her to all the rights and. privileges of this Act, except those contained in pection Eight. 54 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA Section 6. Farrier Defined: - Qualifications for Prac- tice. Any person who has had experience in treating dis- eases of domestic animals. Section 7. License; Certificate of Registration; Fee; Revocation. The State Board of Veterinary Medical Ex- aminers will, at the conclusion of a regular examination, if in their judgment the applicant is duly qualified therefor, issue a license to practice veterinary medcine and surgery or farriery. Every license so granted by the Board shall be issued under seal and shall be signed by each acting Veter- inary Medical Examiner of the board, and shall state that the licensee has given satisfactory evidence of fitness as to age, character, veterinary medical education, and all other matters required by law, and that after full examintion he or she has been found duly qualified to practice. Hach person licensed by the Board to practice veterinary medicine or veterinary surgery or farriery in this State, shall procure - from the Secretary of the Board, on or before July ist, an- nually, his certificate of registration. Such certificate shall be issued by the secretary upon the payment of a fee of two dollars ($2.00), and certificates so issued shall be prima facie evidence of the right of the holder to. practice veterin- ary medicine or veterinary surgery or farriery in the State duing the time for which they are issued. Any certificate of license, granted by the Board, may be revoked upon convic- tion of the party holding such certificate or license, of a violation of any of the provisions of this Act. Section 8. Display License and Certificate; Arrange- ment with other Boards. Every person practicing veterin- ary medicine or veterinary surgery in the State of Montana, or representing himself as so practicing, shall -display or cause to be displayed in his or her usual place of business, license or certificate of registration issued to him or pur- suant to the provisions of this Act. The Board of Exam- iners shall make arrangements with similiar board in the several states in so far as practicable, whereby due credit . for State and Territorial license will be allowed in the State of Montana to such licensees of said boards as desire to se- cure license or practice veterinary medicine or surgery in this State, and whereby licensees of the Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners in this State will secure due credit for license issued by said Board, whenever such licensees desire LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 55 to secure license to practice in any other State or Territory; but no arrangement shall be made under the provisions of this Section which shall be liable to lower the standard of practice of veterinary medicine or surgery in the State of Montana. The Board may, if deemed necessary, require an examination of applicants for license from other states after careful consideration of credentials for such states. Section 9. Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Defined; Qualifications for Practice. Any person shall be regarded as practicing veterinary medicine or surgery in the State of Montana, who shall append or cause to be appended to his name upon any display or advertisement published the letters ei, M., Ve Dv D.C. DV. S., or M. RSC. V.S., or the words, “Veterinary,” “Veterinarian,” “Veterinary Sur- geon,” “Veterinary Dentist,” “Veterinary Horse-Shoer,”’ “Horse Dentist” or “Horse Doctor,” who shall publicly pro- fess to do any of these things, directly or indirectly, as a veterinarian. No person shall practice veterinary medicine veterinary surgery, or farriery, in the State of Montana after July 1, 1913, unless licensed by the State Board of Veterin- ary Medical Examiners of the State of Montana and register- ed as required by this article; nor shall any person practice veterinary medicine, surgery, or farriery, whose authority to practice is suspended or revoked by said Board. Section 10. Revocation of Certificate. On hearing, the _ Board may revoke any certificate which is obtained by fraud or where the holder is guilty of gross moral or professional misconduct. Section 11. Construction of this Article. This article shall not be construed: to effect commissioned veterinary medical officers serving in the United States Army or in the United States Bureau of Animal Industry while so commis- sioned; or any person doing castrating or spaying, or giving - gratuitous services; or any person treating an animal be- longing to himself as the case may be; or any lawfully quali- fied veterinarian in other states or any foreign country meet- ing legally registered veterinarians in this State in consulta- tion; or any veterinarian residing on a border of a neighbor- ing state and duly authorized under the laws thereof to practice veterinary medicine therein, whose practice ex- tends into this State, and who does not open an office 56 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA or appoint a place to meet patients or receive calls within this State. | : Section 12. Penalties and Their Collection. Every per- son who shall practice veterinary medicine or farriery in this State without lawful registration or in violation of any pro- visions of this article shall forfeit to the county wherein such person shall so practice, or in which any violation shall be committed, not to exceed fifty ($50.00) for every such viola- tion, and for every day of unlawful practice, and any incorpor- ated veterinary medical society of the State may bring action in the name of such county for the collection of such penalties, and the expense incurred by such prosecution, including necessary counsel fees, may be retained by such society out of the penalties so collected, and the residue, if any, shall be p2id into the county treasury. The State Board of Veterin- ary Medica] Examiners may, out of the funds in the treasury. when sufficient proof is before them, begin proceedings for. prosecution under the provisions of this Act, independent of such state societies. Any person who shall practice veterin- ary medicine or farriery under a false or assumed name, or who shall falsely impersonate another practitioner of a like or different name, shall be guilty of a felony; and any person guilty of violating any of the provisions of this article, not otherwise specially punished herein, or who buy, sell or ob- tain any veterinary medical diploma, license, record of regis- tration, or who shall aid or abet such buying, selling or fraud- ulently obtaining, or who shall practice veterinary medicine or farriery under cover of a license or diploma illegally obtain- ed, or signed or issued unlawfully under fraudulent repre- sentation, or mistake of fact in material regard, shal! attempt to practice veterinary medicine or farriery, and any person who shall, without having been authorized so to do legally, append any veterinary title to his or her name, or shail as- sume to advertise any veterinary title in such a manner as to convey the impression that he or she is a lawful practitioner of veterinary medicine or farriery shall be guilty of a mis- demeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than fifty dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not more than twenty-five days, or both such fine and imprisonment. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 57 Section 13. All Acts and parts of Acts in contiict here- with are hereby repealed. : Section 14. Whereas an emergency exists, this Act shall take effect immediately upon its passage and ayproval as provided by law. | Approved March 138, 1918. 58 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL. Meat of Tuberculecsis Animals, When May Be Used for Human Consumption. Tuberculosis Animals, When Meat of May Be Used. State Sanitary Board, Authority to Issue Rule Regulating the Sale of Meat of Tuberculous Animals. | Where no lesion is found which affects the value of meat for human consumption, or if the tuberculosis is not extensive or generalized and its presence does not affect the value of the meat for human consumption, the same may be sold for food without violating any provision of the laws of this State, and a rule or regulation to that effect issued by the © state sanitary board is a proper rule. (See Section 25, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917.) May 10, 1911. Dr. M. E. Knowles, State Veterinarian, Helena, Montana. Dear Sir: , I am in receipt of your letter of May 5th, stating that some time ago the sanitary board issued an order permitting the use for human consumption of carcasses of cattle killed on account of tuberculosis, where the lesions were-small and inconsiderable, confined to the bronchial glands; or to the mesenteric glands where the disease had made slight prog- ress, and requesting my opinion as to whether or not the board had a right to issue such an order. By reference to the laws and regulations of the Montana live stock sanitary board, I find that the rule to which you have reference is contained on page 16 of your pamphlet of rules dated Janu- ary 1, 1910, and is as follows: | “The carcasses of all cattle slaughtered on ac- count of tuberculosis may be sold for beef for human consumption, providing, the carcasses pass the in- spection of the official veterinary surgeon, who must not permit any carcass to be disposed of for human consumption if the tuberculosis is general- ized. Only carcasses will be allowed to be sold where the infection is confined to the mediastinal and mesentric lymphatics to slight degree.” Subdivision 3 of Section 1890, Revised Codes of 1907, prevides: . me ‘When no lesion is found and the value of the meat for human consumption has not been affected, the veterinary surgeon holding autopsy shall issue LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 59 a permit of sale and the carcass may be sold for food, after inspection and proper certification of such fact is made by the state veterinary surgeon or deputy.” Section 1520, Revised Codes, provides: “Tt shall be unlawful to sell or offer for sale, buy or offer to buy, take or give away, for the purpose of food, any animal suffering from * * * extensive or generalized tuberculosis.” There are only two provisions of our code bearing on your question, and it would appear that if no lesion is found which affects the value of the meat for human consumption, or if the tuberculosis is not extensive or generalized and its presence does not affect the value of the meat for human - consumption—the same may be sold for food without violat- ing any provisions of the laws of this state. I see no objec- tion to the rule of the board above quoted, but, of course, the official inspecting the carcasses would not be allowed to pass the same as fit for human consumption if any lesion was found which affects the value of the meat for human con- -gumption or if the tuberculosis is found to be “extensive or generalized.” | In this connection, as a matter of scientific research, our attention has been called to the fact that Prof. Ostertag in his hand book of meat inspection, pages 634 and 635, states that local tuberculosis in an animal does not render the meat harmful for human consumption, using the following language: “The belief that the meat of tuberculosis ani- mals is, as a rule, harmless and that only in excep- tional cases does it possess harmful properties must be looked upon as scientifically well founded. “It is one of Johne’s great merits that he intro- duced clear conceptions concerning the harmfulness of the meat of tuberculosis animals in the place of the previously prevailing vague and ill-defined ones. Johne established the proposition that “the gist of the question regarding the point of time from which the meat of tuberculous animals is to be considered as infected and therefore infectious is not, as main- tained by Gerlach, determined by the affection of the lymphatic glands of the neighboring organs, but simply by the demonstration of generalized tuberculosis. This alone furnishes positive proof of the fact that the virus has enterd into the sys- 60 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAW'S OF MONTANA temic circulation and has infected the meat. Not until this point of time, therefore, are we justified in unconditionally excluding from the market a given piece of meat. Thus formulated, this prin- ciple constitutes a great stride in advance as con- trasted with the general, meaningless phrases which formerly passed current regarding the judgment of meat of tuberculous animals and which are, un- fortunately, still to be found in some regulations concerning meat inspection. “The conception of the generalization of tuber- culosis which Weigert introduces into pathological anatomy has become an axiom in meat inspection since Johne. At present, the view is generally entertained that in undoubted cases of local tuber- culosis the meat is harmless, while in generalized cases it is harmful. In cases intermediate between the local and generalized form, according to the rules which serve for the guidance of sanitary police, viz., to assume in dubio the less favorable condition, the meat_is to be suspected of possessing harmful properties and is to be treated accordingly. “The first point, the assumption of the harm- lessness of meat in cases of undoubted local tuberculosis, will probably remain for all time as an immutable dogma of meat inspection. The second proposition, on the other hand, viz., that the general- ization of tuberculosis is always associated with a harmful property of meat, can no longer be main- tained. Only under certain conditions and not uni- formly does the generalization of tuberculosis pro- duce a harmful property in the meat.” You are therefore advised that the rule or regulation which the live stock sanitary board has adopted is not in con- flict with the laws of this state, and it also appears to be a reasonable and proper rule from a scientific standpoint as shown by the above quotation from Dr. Ostertag’s text, but the official inspector must be careful to resolve every doubt in favor of the public, and not permit any carcass to be used | for food if there remains any doubt as to its fitness for that purpose. | Yours very truly, : ALBERT J. GALEN, Attorney General. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 61 Dairy Cattle, Testing for Tuberculosis. Live Stock, Testing for Tuberculosis. State Veterinary Surgeon, Inter- fering with Inspection by. Dairy Cattle, Owners to Notify State Veterinarian of Diseases. | The owner of cattle may test or have same tested by others than officials of live stock sanitary board, but if any owner or other person hinders, resists, or obstructs any offi- cial or employee of the live stock sanitary board in the dis- charge of his duties he is guilty of a misdemeanor. It, is the duty of every owner or person in charge of cattle to im- mediately notify the state veterinary surgeon of the exis- tence of communicable disease in cattle. Persons testing dairy cattle for the purpose of obstruct- ing or preventing the state veterinarian from obtaining pro- per test of animals would be guilty of violating Section 1898, Revised Codes. (See Section 31, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917.) | July 5, 1911; Dr. M. E. Knowles, State Veterinarian, Helena, Montana. Dear Sir: | I am in receipt of your letter of June 30th, wherein you state that certain individuals and owners of dairy herds in Sliver Bow County have been tuberculin testing cattle with the evident purpose of interfering with the legitimate and of- ficial test by your office by tuberculizing their cattle to such a degree that the official inspector could obtain no result by his test, and for the further possible reason of determining the number of diseased cattle in their herds before official inspection, so that the same might be disposed of by sale or otherwise, thus evading the loss that would occur should tuberculosis be found in the herds and such herds destroyed, officially. You also state that the injection of tuberculin in the cattle wholly nullifies the legitimate tuberculin test of the same cattle within a period of thirty. days, and for that reason you would be unable to determine whether or not cattle tested by you were infected with tuberculosis. You request my opinion as to whether or‘not it will be possible for you to punish those who have been testing their cattle and what steps you should take to prevent the tuberculizing of cattle in the future by others than inspectors of your office. 62 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA In reply I will say that I know of no law which prohibits the owner of cattle from having them tuberculin tested by others than officials of the live stock sanitary board, but, — under the provision of Sec. 1898, (see Section 31, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917), if any owner or custodian or any other person shall in any manner hinder, resist or obstruct any officer or employee of the live stock sanitary board in the discharge of his duty or in the exercise of his lawful powers, . shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punish- ed by a fine of not more than $500.00 or by imprisonment in the county jail not more than six months, or both such fine and imprisonment; and under the provisions of Sec. 1894, (see Section 27, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917) and person, including the owner or custodian who has reason to suspect the existence of any disease mentioned in the Act among live stock, or the presence of an exposed animal at any point within the state, shall forthwith give notice thereof to the state veterinary surgeon. It will be noticed, therefore, that it is the duty A every owner or person in charge of cattle to immediately notify the state veterinary surgeon of the existence of tuberculosis in the animals, and a failure to do so is punishable as ‘provided | by Section 1898 of the Revised Codes. It is also my opinion that if any person shoudl test dairy — herds for the purpose of obstructing or preventing your office from obtaining proper test of the animals that he could also © be punished under the provisions of Section 1898 above re- ferred to. You are, therefore, advised that you should swear out a complaint before a justice of the peace of the county, and prosecute any owner who fails to notify you of the existence of tuberculosis in his dairy herd, and also against any indi- vidual who is hindering or attempting to obstruct your of- fice in the testing of dairy cattle, as provided by law. Yours very truly, ALBERT J. GALEN, Attorney General. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 63 Live Stock, When May Be Shipped Into this State From Other States. Quarantine, As Against Live Stock From Other States. State, Right to Protect Itself Against Disease From Shipment of Animals Into This State. In the absence of legislation by Congress, a state may protect itself against disease and may enact legislation for the inspection of animals coming from other states for the purpose of excluding those which are diseased and admitting _ those which are healthy, but where Congress has enacted in- spection laws, these laws supersede those enacted by the 3 state, and if animals destined for shipment into this state are accompanied by a Federal certificate of inspection they can- not be excluded by the state. | October 10th, 19tZ. Dr. M. E. Knowles, State Veterinarian, Helena, Montana. Dear Sir: I am in receipt of your letter of September 26th stating that on account of a fatal and rapidly developing epizootic disease among horses’in Kansas and Nebraska, you, on September 18th, wired all railroad companies operating inter- state not to accept any shipments of horses from either of these states designed to Montana, and that in reply to your order the Northern Pacific has notified you that they have been informed by their legal department that they cannot refuse to accept horses for transportation to Montana if ac- companied by a federal certificate of health. You request my official opinion as to whether or not your order is legal and can be enforced. In reply I will say that your order is too broad. The governmental power over inter-state commerce is vested ex- clusively in Congress by the Commerce Laws of the Consti- tution, and therefore, is withdrawn from the states; but in - the absence of legislation by Congress, a state may protect it- _ self against disease, and may enact legislation for the in- ‘spection of animals coming from other states for the purpose of excluding those which are diseased and admitting those _ which are healthy. Reed vs. Colo., 187 U.S. 137. A state cannot, however, exclude all animals, whether diseased or not, coming from other states. 64 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA BR. R. vs. Husen, 95 U.S. 465. But by the Act of Congress, February 2nd, 1903, and the Act of March 3, 1905, (82 St. 791; 33 St. 1264; U. S. Comp. St. Sup. 1905, pp. 610 to 620) it is enacted that when the in- spector of the Bureau of Animal Industry has issued a certi- ficate that he has inspected cattle or live stock and found them free from disease, “such animals so inspected and certi- — fied may be shipped, driven, or transported * * * into eo * state or territory * = °*\- without turthemean= spection or the exaction of fees of any kind, except such as — may at any time be ordered or exacted by the Secretary of — _ Agriculture.” This is the supreme law, and if the state law conflicts with it the state law must yield. Asbell vs. Kansas, 209 U.S. 251. The Secretary of Agriculture may, under authority con- © ferred upon him by Congress as above stated, have issued certain rulings with reference to quarantined states or dis- tricts which Iam not aware of and I would advise you to take this matter up with him in the event you desire to prevent horses being shipped into this state from Kansas and Nebras- ka. In the absence of any rulings by that department you can only exclude such animals as have failed to pass the federal inspection. Yours very truly, ALBERT J. GALEN, Attorney General. { Common, Carriers. Transportation of Sheep. Inter- state Shipments. Duty of Carrier to Notify State Veterin- arian. Duty of Carrier to Hold Inter-state Shipments of Sheep Until Inspected. Sheep. Inspection. | It is‘: the duty of common carriers to notify the state veterinarian of shipments of sheep into this state. Sec. 1 of Chap. 123, Session Laws, Thirteenth Legislative Assembly, — (See Section 22, Chapter 157; Session Laws 1917.) makes it the duty of the state veterinarian to inspect all sheep im- ported into this state, when held for a longer time than neces- sary to feed them in transit: Held, that it is the duty of the ~ carrier to hold shipments of sheep consigned to points within the state until opportunity is given the state veterinarian to inspect same. ‘ LIVESTOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 65 | September 8th, 1913. Dr. W. J. Butler, State Veterinary Surgeon, Helena, Montana. Sigear Sir: - I am in receipt of your letter of the 6th instant, as follows: “T request an opinion from your office as to whether or - not the transportation and express companies are required to notify this office of shipments of sheep into this state. “T also request an opinion as to whether or not railroad and express companies must hold interstate shipments of sheep at their railroad destination in Montana until they have been released by an inspector of the sheep commission of Montana.” Complying with your request, I have given careful con- sideration to the propositions propounded by you. As to the first, I am of the opinion that the law makes it the positive - duty of carriers to notify your office of shipments of sheep , into this state. Secs. 1868 and 1870, R. C. (See Section 19, Chapter 157; Session Laws 1917.) . As to the second proposition contained in your communi- cation, you are advised that there is no statutory enactment of which I am aware which requires carriers to hold inter- state shipments of sheep at their railroad destination in Mon- tana until they have been released by the inspector of the sheep commission of Montana. However, Sec. 1 of Chap. 123, Session Laws of the Thirteenth Legislative Assembly, makes it the duty of your office to inspect and dip all sheep import- ed into this state when held for a longer time than neces- _sary to feed them in transit with the proviso that when it appears that such sheep so imported into the state have been inspected by a federal inspector and found to be free from disease, etc., that such sheep may be taken to the range where they are to be kept without being dipped, but they must nevertheless be inspected by your department before be- ing so taken, and in the case of rams special requirements as to dipping at or near the point of entry into the state as practical is provided for. It is also provided generally that _ your office may require any sheep shipped: or driven into the state dipped and quarantined. Sec. 1868, R. C., provides in part that when any sheep are delivered to any railroad or transportation company for shipment to this state as the 66 LIVESTOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA point of destination, it shall be the duty of such company to notify your office by telegraph of the date of shipment, name of the place from which they are to be shipped, the point of destination, the name of the consignor and consignee, and the probable date of arrival of said shipment at the state line of Montana, and Sec. 1871 (See Section 20, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917) provides in part that within’ five days previous to the arrival of any sheep into the state from another state or territory, the owner or agent _in charge of such sheep must report by telegraphic dis- patch to your office, stating from what country, state or territory such sheep are shipped or being driven from, the number thereof and the place where they will first enter the state, and where it is intended to unload them. Proviso is. made that if such notice may be received by your office in time, it may be given by registered mail. While there is no positive direction to the carrier to hold such sheep until in- spected and released by your office, the law certainly con- templates notice to your office of opportunity to inspect and to dip when necessary, and I think it to be the duty of the carrier in every instance to give your office ample and suffi- cient opportunity to carry out the mandates of law, and in no instance to release or deliver over to the consignee any sheep until such opportunity has been afforded your office. : Your attention is directed to Sec. 1877 of the Revised Codes, (See Section 31, Chapter — Session Laws 1917) which pro- vides in part that: “Any person * * * who violates or disregards | any of the provisions of this act, or who shall in any manner hinder, obstruct or resist the state veterinary surgeon or inspector in the discharge of his or their duties * * * shall be deemed guilty,” ete. | 7 It would appear to me from the provision of this section that if a carrier who brings sheep within this state fails to hold them for a sufficient length of time to enable your of- fice to perform its full duty under the law, that such carrier would be chargeable as for a misdemeanor for disregarding the provisions of the act, and might also be chargeable with hindering, obstructing or resisting your office. _ Accompanying your request for an opinion upon these matters, I find a communication from the Northern Express LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 67 Company, with whom you had some correspondence relative to a recent shipment of sheep into the state, and in regard to which you charged this company with a violation of the law. In the communication referred to this company seems desirous of co-operating with your office and offers to pub- -lish instruction to its agents regarding the shipment of sheep into this state, in conformity with the law and the orders of your department. Since in many instances agents or carriers are manifestly ignorant of the provisions of the law upon the subject, I believe it would be well for your office to accept the offer of this company to publish and dis- tribute to its agents such instruction as you may deem per- tinent to the subject under consideration, to the end that furher misunderstanding may be avoided. Yours very truly, D. M. KELLY, Attorney General. Livestock Sanitary Board, Authority of. Tubercular Ani- mals, Authority to Destroy. Diseased Animals, Power of Live Stock Sanitary Board. “Bang System.” It is immaterial how or under what circumstances tuber- culous animals are shipped into the state, for under existing laws, the authority of the Live Stock Sanitary Board is uni- form as to native and imported animals. Two classes of animals may be slaughtered: 1. Ani- mals determined to be affected with diseases requiring slaughter, and 2. Animals so exposed as to require their slaughter as a sanitary safeguard. The authority to slaughter is absolute, but in the in- terests of economy the “Bang System” may be employed in an effort to ADEE CEINE the offspring of diseaesed animals. June 9, 1914. Dr. W. J. Butler, State Veterinary Surgeon, Helena, Montana. Dear Sir: I am in receipt aS your letter of the first instant, as follows: - “Tn instances where tuberculous animals are shipped in- to the State of Montana either under a fraudulent certificate or a certificate that may have been made in good faith but which is found to cover. diseased animals, or where cattle 68 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA are shipped in without any certificate whatsoever, has the Live Stock Sanitary Board of Montana the authority to immediately destroy without permitting the owner the — privilege of quarantining his animals, and employing the system known as the “Bang System,” or has the owner of such stock the rights and privileges granted all owners of cattle that are found diseased within the State, that were not diseased or knowingly diseased prior to their entrance into the state? “If the Live Stock Sanitary Board, from economic reasons, desires to grant the owners of diseased cattle shipped into the state the privilege of employing the “Bang System” has the Live Stock Sanitary Board the right to demand from that owner an agreement to the effect that the owner will stand and pay all expenses necessary for the proper applica- tion of the “Bang System” and the testing of all offspring and animals that have been bred or have come in contact with the diseased animals? Has the Board also the authority to demand, in this written agreement, that the owner will notify the State Veterinary Surgeon of all animals bred to, or brought into contact with, the diseased animals.” In my opinion, it is immaterial as to how or under what circumstances tuberculous animals are shipped into the State of Montana, for under the existing law, the authority of the Live Stock Sanitary Board to deal with diseased ani- mals, found within this state, is uniform as to native animals, . and animals imported. Under the provisions of Section 1889, Revised Codes of | Montana, (See Section 10, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917) two classes of animals may be slaughtered; first, animals determined by either the State Veterinary Surgeon-or deputy, to be affected with a disease requiring slaughter; and second, animals so exposed to disease as to require their slaughter as a sanitary safeguard. No compensation is provided for ani- mals slaughtered falling within the first class, but compen- sation is provided for the slaughter of animals falling within — the second class. If, therefore, you should find the tubercu- lous animals mentioned in your letter to be so diseased as to require slaughter, your authority to do so is absolute, and the owner of the animals is not entitled to compensation. It is provided, however, (Sec. 1891) (See Section 25, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917) that in tuberculosis of cattle, the sani- LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 69 tary Board may direct the state veterinary surgeon to detain ~such cattle in quarantine subject to eradication by the so called “Bang System” or other improved system approved by the Board. Should you deem it expedient to refrain from slaughtering these animals for economic reasons, and adopt or employ the “Bang System,” the Live Stock Sanitary Board should demand from the owner an agreement to the effect that all necessary expenses will be borne by such owner. It should also be required that the owner notify the State Veterinary Surgeon of all animals bred to or brought into contact with the diseased animals. Yours very truly, D. M. KELLY, Attorney General. Sanitary Board, Livestock. Livestock Sanitary Board, Powers of. Powers, of Livestock Sanitary Board. Veterin- ary Surgeon, Duties of. It is within the power and is the duty of the Livestock Sanitary Board, and the Veterinary Surgeon to employ the most efficient and practical means. to eradicate and prevent dangerous, contagious, etc., diseases among the livestock of this state. ; In determining the condition of an animal, it is not necessary to trace the history of the animal as to how or when or by what means it came within the State of Montana, but only to determine its then condition. Attention is directed to Chap. 146, Laws 1911, (See Sec. tion 24, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917) relating to dairy stock. July 3, 1914. Hon. W. J. Butler, State Veterinary Surgeon, Helena, Montana. Dear Sir: : On June 9th, 1914, in reply to an inquiry submitted, a communication was addresed to you, relative to the power and authority and method of your department in dealing with tubercular animals shipped into the State of Montana. Your attention is here called to some additional statutes and pro- visions relating to this same subject. In dealing with cattle \ 70 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA found afflicted with any dangerous diseases, there is no duty resting upon your department or that of the live stock sani- — tary board, to trace the history of the animal, or to institute inquiry as to how it came to the State of Montana, but you may deal with it as an animal found by you within the State. Your attention is also called to the provisions of Section 1888 of the Revised Codes, (See Section 6, Chapter 157, Sess- ion Laws 1917) which confers authority, under Subdivision 3 thereof, to supervise the sanitary condition of livestock of that state: “A. To determine and employ the ieee effi- cient and practical means to prevent dangerous, con- tagious, infectious, enzootic, epizootic, or any danger- ous non-contagious disease among live stock: ‘ “B. To prevent dangerous, contagious, infect- ious, enzootic, epizootic, or any dangerous, non-con- tagious disease among live stock: “C. To suppress dangerous, contagious, infect- ious, enzootic, epizootic, or any dangerous, non-con- tagious disease among live stock: “D. To control dangerous, contagious, nde 10U8, enzootic, epizootic, or any dangerous, non-con- i agious disease among live stock. “RE, To eradicate dangerous, contagious, infect- ious, enzootic, epizootic, or any dangerous, nou-con- tagious disease among live stock.” The provisions of this Section, 1888, and of 1885, (See Section 6 and 9, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917) confer upon the Board and upon your department full authority to do any thing that is necessary to protect the live stock of this State, in so far as the suppression, prevention, eradic:tion or con-_ trol of disease is concerned. Your attention is also directed to the provisions of Sec- tion 4 of Chapter 146 of the laws of 1911, (See Section 25, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917) which by its terms modifies the provisions of Section 1889, which is also proper for the board to consider in exercising the powers conferred upon it iy the provisions of Section 1888, but this Section 4 cf Chap- ter 146, Laws of 1911, has reference only to dairy stock. Yours very truly, _ D. M. KELLY, _ Attorney General. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 71 Board of Veterinary Examiners, Duty of. Veterinary Medi- cine, Practicing Without License. _ Persons making verbal representations and - application for employment as veterinary surgeons, or veterinary dent- ists, are practicing veterinary medicine within the meaning of Chap. 83, Session Laws, 1913, and are subject to prosecu- tion thereunder. Dr. A. D. Knowles, Secretary, Board of Veterinary Examiners, Butte, Montana. Dear Sir: I am in receipt of your communication under date the 5th instant, requesting my opinion as to whether persons who are practicing veterinary medicine and dentistry without a license, though they are not advertising their business in print, but instead are making verbal prefessions and applica- tions for such work, can be prosecuted under the provisions of Chapter 82 of the Session Laws of the 13th Legislative Assembly ? : I am of the opinion that such persons would be liable to prosecution under Section 9 of the Act. The proper pro- cedure would be for yourself or someone who knows the facts to make a complaint before a justice of the peace, and call at- tention of the county attorney to the violation of the Act. Yours very truly, D. M. KELLY, Attorney. General. 72 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA Animals, Disease, Slaughter of. Slaughter, of Diseased Ani- | mals. Veterinary Surgeon, Authority of. Interstate Ship- ments, How Treated. Where animals are found in this state afflicted withe foot and mouth disease, the Veterinary Surgeon may order same destroyed. Interstate shipments that are stopped in transit may be dealt with by the state authorities unless federal authorities act. November 21, 1914. Hon. W. J. Butler, State Veterinary Surgeon, Helena, Montana. Dear Sir: : ; I am in receipt of your letter of present anes stating that a train load of cattle was shipped into the State of Mon- tana by the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, and that said cattle were either infected with the foot and mouth dis- ease, or had been exposed to such disease prior to reaching Montana. This stock, it appears, too, was consigned from a point without the state of Montana to points within the state of Montana, west of the City of Miles City; that information was given you by the Veterinarian of North Dakota that this stock was diseased, and that you immediately ordered it to be stopped at the first station where food and water could be obtained. The railroad company in obedience to this order stopped and returned the train of cars to Glendive, Montana, and there the stock was unloaded; that subsequently, under the joint authority of the Federal inspector, and of the state authorities, three car loads of this stock found actually infect- ed with the disease, were slaughtered and the balance of the train load was held in quarantine. Since that time it has been ascertained that the whole of this stock is infected, by © reason of exposure prior to reaching the State of Montana. Strictly speaking, goods or stock shipped from a point without the State of Montana, consigned to a point within said state, retains its character as interstate commerce until the point of destination is reached. Southern Ry. Co. vs. Greensboro, I. C. Co. 134 Fed. 82. In this case, however, it appears that after you had order- ed the shipment stopped, the Federal authorities recognized your authority so to do by assuming jurisdiction over the LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 73 stock in the Glendive yards, and joined with you in the slaughter thereof. It does not appear clear just whether the Federal authorities did or will assume jurisdiction over the remainder of the stock. If such authorities will assume jurisdiction over the stock now in the yards, that jurisdiction _ should be accorded to it, but if they do not assume jurisdic- tion, or waive jurisdiction, then the very law of necessity will require the state authorities to act, and in such case you have full power and authority under the laws of the State of Montana, to cause this stock to be slaughtered. The letters heretofore addressed to you on July 3rd, 1914, and June 9th, 1914, deal specifically with your authority in the slaughter of animals found to be affected with dangerous, contagious diseases. The principles there announced apply with equal force to the present case. To summarize and specify, the conclusion reached is that unless the Federal authorities immediately assume jurisdic- tion over this stock, that you as State Veterinary Surgeon have full power and authority to assume that jurisdiction, and to slaughter the stock. The general discussion of the relative authority of the State and United States in such matters, may be found in Reid vs. Colorado, 187 U.S. 137. Yours very truly, D. M. KELLY, Attorney General. Quarantine Proclamations, Enforcing Provisions of. Sheriff, Expenses of in Enforcing Quarantine Proclamation. Ex- penses of Sheriff in Enforcing Quarantine Regulation, Pay- ment of. The expenses incurred by the sheriff in enforcing quar- _antine regulation under orders of the State Veterinary Sur- geon are a proper charge against the county. December 23, 1914. _— - Hon. Edward F. Fisher, County Attorney, Wibaux, Montana. _ Dear Sir: : I have your communication under date December 19, submitting to me a letter addressed by you to the State Veter- inarian concerning the liability of Wibaux County for the ex- 74 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA penses of the Sheriff in enforcing the quarantine proclama- tion made by the Governor to prevent the importation of cattle affected with the foot and mouth disease. You state that the bills for service and expense incident to holding cattle and guarding the state line to prevent such cattle be- ing driven across were filed with the Clerk of Wibaux County and disallowed by the Commissioners. The provisions of law which affect this question are those concerning the State - Veterinarian, the Live Stock Sanitary Board, and Sheriffs. ° Section 1888, Revised Codes of Montana of 1907, (See Section 6, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917) defining the powers and duties of the State Live Stock Sanitary Board gives it power “to determine and employ the most practical and .efficient means to prevent, suppress, control and eradi- cate” certain specified diseases. Sec. 8847, Revised Codes of Montana of 1907, makes it a misdemeanor to import cattle from districts against which quarantine is declared. Every theory of law ‘makes it the duty of a sheriff to enforce the laws of the State, and Sec. 3024, Revised Codes of 1907 makes it his duty to execute process and orders issued by competent authority, the language being as follows: “A sheriff or other ministerial officer is justi- fied in the execution of and must execute all process and orders regular on their face and issued by com- petent authority whatever may be the defect in the proceedings upon which they were issued.” The State, as such, has no separate and distinct police organization of its own. The laws are enforced by the local authorities, and for this purpose are county organized. It has. often been held that counties are merely political subdivisions of the state founded for the more prompt and economical ad- ministration of the laws. One of the chief functions of counties is this very one. It is eminently proper, therefore, - that the sheriffs of the various counties execute the orders of the state officers in the matter of quarantine, as well as in other infractions of the law. The argument that border counties by such an interpre- tation are made watch-dogs for the whole state can hardly be used as an argument against the duty of the county to enforce the state law because, as indicated above, this is one of the primary purposes of their being. : LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 75 Another answer to this argument, if one were needed, is that given in an early English case to the effect that: “That which inures to the benefit of the whole realm benefits him upon whom the burden falls along with all others.” For the reasons above etd I am of the opinion that the expenses incurred by the Sheriff in enforcing the quaran- tine under orders of the State Veterinarian are a proper charge against the county. | Yours very truly, D. M. KELLY, Attorney General. State Board of Health, Powers of. Dairies, Licensing of. State Dairy Commissioner, Powers and Duties of. Under existing laws it is competent for the State Board of Health to co-operate with the State Dairy Commissioner in carrying out the provisions of existing laws relating to both. — Itis unlawful to carry on a dairy business in this State without license from the State Board of Health. March 23, 1915. Hon. W. F. Cogswell, Department of Public Health, Helena, Montana. Dear Sir: I am in receipt of your leter of the 13th instant, wherein you set forth: | “Section 10, Chapter 130, of the Session Laws 1911, makes it unlawful for any person to conduct a dairy without having a license issued by the State Board of Health. Section 11 provides for the inspec- tion of dairies by the local, county health officers and gives the State Board of Health authority to make rules and regulations relative to the sanitary condition of dairies.” | “T should like to know in what respect the laws of 1913, creating the office of Dairy Commissioner, affects the powers and duties of the State Board of Health, relative to the is- suing of licenses to dairies and the-inspection of dairies. _ During the past two years by an arrangement with the Dairy Commissioner, the State Board of Health, through its 76 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA local and county health officers, continued the inspection of dairies retailing milk. Our authority on several occasions has been questioned by the dairymen. | I should like to know whether it is lawful to conduct a dairy without a license from the State Board of Health, and also whether Chapter 130, Session Laws 1911, is still operative in respect to dairy inspection by local and county health officers.” : Chapter 130, Session Laws of the Twelfth Legislative As- sembly, confers certain powers upon, and defines the duties of the State Board of Health with relation to foods and drugs, — the inspection thereof, to ascertain their purity, and with reference to dairy products, to direct the manner in which they shall be handled, so as to insure their purity and sani- tary condition, and to this end confers power upon the Board of Health to license the same and to make it unlawful to en- gage in the dairy business without a license from the State Board of Health. It directs the Board to make rules and | regulations for the thorough and uniform enforcement of the provisions of the Act, which shall conform to the rules and regulations of the National Food and Drug Commission, made under the provisions of the National Food and Drug Act of June 30, 1906, so as to enable the Board to analyze and deter- mine the purity of dairy products, and to insure the sanitary — management of dairies. Chapter 77 of the Laws of the Thirteenth Legislative Assembly is an Act creating the office of State Dairy Com- missioner, and defines his powers and duties, among which - are to advise and instruct dairymen; to condemn unclean and unwholesome milk, cream, etc.;to compile statistics, and give information and advise on the dairy industry with a view of securing settlers from the east, to encourage the investment of capital in the dairy industry; to co-operate with the Agri- cultural College at Bozeman, with a view of holding farmer’s institutes for the instruction of persons engaged in the dairy industry ; to inspect dairy products, with a view of ascertain- ing whether the same be adulterated and to see that milk, cream and other dairy products are kept in such places as to insure their sanitary condition when delivered to the con- - sumer. It is my opinion that this latter act is not inconsistent, : or in conflict with the Act of 1911, which does not undertake LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 77 to repeal it; nor can it be said that any of its provisions are so inconsistent with the act of 1911 so as to warrant the con- clusion that there is a repeal by implication. Both acts are in my judgment in full force and effect. This being true, it is competent for the State Board of Health to co-operate with the Dairy Commissioner in carrying out the provisions of both Acts. It is of course unlawful for any person to conduct a dairy without a license from the State Board of Health. Yours very truly, D. M. KELLY, Attorney General. State Board of Veterinary Examiners, Duties of. Veterinary, License of. License of Veterinary, Duty of Board to Issue. The issuing of temporary license to veterinary surgeons who have not passed a successful examination is a matter within the discretion of the Board of Veterinary Examiners. April 3, 1915. Hon. A. D. Knowles, | Sec’y, State Board of Veterinary Examiners, Butte, Montana. Dear Sir: I am in receipt of your communication under date of 81st ult. submitting the following questions: Ist: “Is the Board compelled to issue a tempor- ary license upon request, legal application having been filed with the Secretary, before examination has been taken by the applicant, whether he be a non-resident of this state or not?” 2nd. “Is the Board compelled to issue a tem- porary license to a candidate who fails to pass an ex- — amination, or to a candidate who has failed upon the second attempt to pass an examination, such candi- date having held a temporary license from the board after his first examination?” All of these questions may be answered in the negative. The language of the Act is, Section 4, Chap. 82, Laws 1913. “The Board may issue temporary license to such candidate, allowing him to practice pending the suc- 78 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA ~- cessful passage of an examination.” The word “may” as used here relates to sometiie which the Board is not required to do as a public duty, or in ~ the fulfillment of the functions of its office; the issuance of the temporary license is a matter within the discretion of the © Board, not something that can be demanded as of right. Yours very truly, D. M. KELLY, Attorney General. Animals, Value of When Condemned. Diseased Animals, Value How Determined. Livestock, Amount to be Paid for Diseased When Slaughtered. : ~Remuneration for livestock killed under order of the Veterinary Surgeon or the Livestock Sanitary Board, should be paid for upon assessment value shown upon the assess- ment roll next preceding the discovery of the disease. January 26, 1916. Hon. W. J. Butler, State Veterinary Surgeon, Helena, Montana. Dear Sir: I am in receipt of your communication under date of the 24th instant, submitting for my opinion the proper valuation — of animals found to be diseased and ordered to be slaughtered, but which for some reason are not immediately killed. You ask: “Ts the assessed value to be taken as that found on the assessor’s list at the time the animals were found diseased, or reacted to the test for determin- ing the presence or absence of disease, or is the value to be taken from the assessor’s list as found thereon on the date of the actual destruction of the condemn- ed animal?” 7 You state that there are cases where animals have re- — acted to tests but are not immediately killed, either from un- avoidable circumstances, or in the case of tubercular animals, where they are held in quarantine by the owners, under the — provisions of law allowing this. . The provisions of Chapter 140, Laws of 1915, (See Sec- tion 10, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917) allowing compensa- LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 79 “ tion to owners of livestock killed under order of yourself or the State Livestock Sanitary Board, does not state what as- sessment is to be considered as determining the value of such animals, further than to say that: : “The valuation of such animals so ordered to be killed, shall be the actual full assessed valuation thereof, as shown on the last assessment roll of the county in which such stock was assessed; but such assessment shall not in any case exceed the actual value of such stock at the time of such assessment.” : The only indication as to which assessment is to be taken, is the first portion of Section 3, which states when the state veterinary or his deputy or the state livestock board has deemed it advisable to slaughter such animals. I am of the opinion that the assessment by which the value of such animals is to be fixed is the assessment next preceding the determination by the state veterinary, or the board, that the animal must be slaughtered, and for these reasons, the law provides in Section 2502, Revised Codes, 1907, that “all taxable property must be assessed at its full cash value.” Section 2512 of the Code requires property owners to make affidavit as to their property. The law presumes that property owners, as well as the officers, do their duty. No presumption arises after the condemnation of an animal that it was not fully assessed at the assessment previous to discovery of the disease, and certainly no one could successful- ly contend that the discovery of a slaughterable disease in an animal raised its value. Hence, an owner who wilfully raised the value of his animal subsequent to condemnation, could scarcely do so in good faith, the presumption being that at each assessment time he lists it at its full cash value. I am of the opinion, therefore, that compensation should be paid upon the assessment value shown for the animal upon the assessment roll next preceding the discovery of the dis- ease, and not at the time of slaughter. ; | Yours very truly, J. B. POINDEXTER, Attorney General. 80 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA Quarantine. Sheep, Imported. Sheep Quarantine of. Veter- inary Surgeon, Right to Quarantine. Statute, Construction of. Construction of Statute. | It is a violation of law for a person to drive or eae unquarantined sheep within the quarantine limits established under the provisions of Section 1872, R. C. (See Section 22, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917.) September 12th, 1916. Honorable W. J. Butler, State Veterinarian, Helena, Montana. Dear Sir: aan an rola: of your letter of the 27th ultimo, sub- mitting the question: “Ts it a violation of law for a person to drive or place unquarantined sheep within the quarantine limits established under and by virtue of the provi- sions of Section 1872, R. C. as amended by Chap- - ter 128, Laws of 1913?” (See Section 22, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917.) The purpose of quarantine is to protect stock by eradi- cating and preventing the spread of disease. If the quaran- tine established under the authority of said Section 1872 may be violated at will, then the law is of not any avail. The provisions of Section 1877, (See Sections 8 and 31, Chapter 157, Session Laws 1917) make it an offense for anyone to “wilfully or negligently permit any sheep to be placed within the limits of any quarantined premises.”- We believe this provision of the law is broad enough to enable the enforce- ment of the quarantine established under Section 1872. The statement contained in Section 1877 “or any locality prohi- bited or quarantined under proclamation of the governor” does not necessarily limit the meaning of the preceding clause, but is an addition thereto, and the provisions of the | Section making it a misdemeanor to break the quarantine are not limited to quarantines established by proclamation of the governor, but extend to quarantines established under the provisions of said Section 1872. Yours very truly, J. B. POINDEXTER, Attorney General. _ LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 81 April 28th, 1917. Dr. W. J. Butler, : State Veterinary Surgeon, Helena, Montana. I am in receipt of your letter of the 20th, inst. request- ing my opinion as to whether, in salvaging carcasses of prop- erty destroyed by a representative of the Live Stock Sani- tary Board, where such money is payable one-half to the State and one-half to the County, it will be permissible for the total amount of money to be paid direct to the State Treasurer and placed to the credit of the Live Stock Sani- tary Board, and then the amount of money due the different counties paid out of this fund upon an order of the Live Stock Sanitary Board, approved by the State Board of Ex- aminers, or whether one-half of such money must be paid directly to the State Treasurer and one-half thereof directly to the county treasurer of the county wherein the animal or property was destroyed. Chapter 127, Acts of the Fourteenth Session, pages 282- — 283, Session Laws of 1915, created the Live Stock Sanitary Board Fund. The State Live Stock Sanitary Board Fund is created by Section 4 of Chapter 127, Acts of the 14th Session, page 283, Session Laws 1915, Section 3 of this chapter provides for the levying of a tax for this fund, while Sections 3 and 4 prescribe the purposes for which such fund is to be used, ‘“‘to _ be used by said Board for the purpose of indemnity for ani- mals slaughtered and for the payment of expenses in in- -vestigating and suppressing diseases, including quarantine and all expenses connected therewith.” Section 8 of Chapter 157, Acts of the 15th Session, page 386, Sess. Laws 1917, provides for the sale, under certain conditions, of the carcasses ordered destroyed, and that the net proceeds of such sales shall be payable one-half to the Livestock Indemnity Fund and one-half to the county trea- _ surer of the county in which the animal or amimals were owned. The provision requiring one-half of the net pro- ceeds to be paid into the Stock Indemnity Fund is evidently a mistake,.it being intended to require such amount to be paid into the Live Stock Sanitary Board fund from which fund payment is made for animals slaughtered. — 82 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA _. Section 3 and 4 of Chapter 127, Acts of the 14th Ses- sion prescribing specifically the purposes for which the Live - Stock Sanitary Board Fund shall be used, and Section 8 of Chapter 157, Acts of the 15th Session, requiring one-half of the net proceeds of sales to be paid to the county treasurer, I am of the opinion that the total net proceeds of such sales cannot be paid to the State Treasurer to be credited to the Live Stock Sanitary Board Fund and one-half thereof after- wards paid out of said fund to the county treasurer of the county wherein the animal or animals were owned, but one- half of the net proceeds of such sales must be paid directly to the State Treasurer for the Live Stock Sanitary Board Fund, and the other one-half must be paid direeuly to the county treasurer. Respectfully, Ss. C. FORD, Attorney General. Helena, Montana, June 20, 1917. Dr. W. J. Butler, State Veterinary Surgeon, Helena, Montana. Dear Sir: I am in receipt of your letter of the 12th inst. submitting the following . “T have been requested to permit a bull that is suffering from tuberculosis to be moved from one county to another county in the State of Montana. “This bull is now held in quarantine as_per- mitted by the Montana Statutes and the Regulations of the Live Stock Sanitary Board. “I desire an opinion as to whether or not the Live Stock Sanitary Board has authority to permit a tuberculous animal to be moved, under official quar- antine restrictions, from one county to another county in the State of Montana, for other than im- mediate slaughter.” Section 25 of Chapter 157, Acts of the — Session, (page 396), is as follows: “Whenever tuberculosis is discovered in any bovine animal the owner of the tuberculous animal. shall retain the animal or animals under restrictions LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF: MONTANA or rules as the Sanitary Board may direct, or the animals may be destroyed and compensated for as in animals of the first class. “Tuberculous animals may be shipped within the boundaries of this State under the direction of the State Veterinary Surgeon, or his deputy, to any abbatoir where proper post mortem inspection may be made by the State Veterinary Surgeon, his deputy or Federal Inspector. The inspection must conform with the meat inspection regulations of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry. The carcass if passed on official state or federal inspection may be used for food.” This section after ' prawidiie that such animals must either be held by the owner in quarantine or be slaughtered, provides for the shipment of such animals, within the State to an abbatoir, that is shipped within the state for immedi- ate slaughter, and I am of the opinion that the legislature by providing that such animals may be shipped within the state for immediate slaughter intended to prohibit the shipping of _ such animals, within the state, for any other purpose. You are therefore advised that the State Sanitary Board has no authority to permit a tubercular animal to be moved from one county to another county in the state for any pur- pose other than immediate slaughter. Respectfully, Ss. C. FORD, Attorney General. 83 84 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS GOVERNING THE INSPEC- TION OF LIVESTOCK; ERADICATION OF INFECTIOUS CONTAGIOUS DISEASES AND DISINFECTION. District Deputies must investigate immediately all re- ports of an infectious-contagious disease. Resident Deputies must report immediately all cases of an infectious-contagious nature to the State Veterinary Sur- geon at Helena. If the disease is of a serious nature and the Resident Deputy cannot secure the immediate services of a District Deputy, the Resident Deputy must make an immedi- ate investigation without waiting for orders from the State Veterinary Surgeon. Where the disease reported, or known to exist, is not of a serious character, the Resident Deputy should report immediately to the State Veterinary Surgeon and await instructions. Reports of outbreaks of a serious infectious-contagious disease must be immediately wired or telephoned to the State Veterinary Surgeon at Helena. All telephonic or telegraphic reports must be immediately confirmed ites a letter giving . complete details. All animals suffering from a serious infectious-conta- gious disease and all animals exposed to such disease and all premises where such animals have been contained must be immediately quarantined, a written quarantine notice to be : issued in all such cases. Inspectors must always bear in mind that they are work- - ing for the common welfare and the stock interests of Mon- tana. They must bear in mind that the owner of diseased stock is suffering a financial loss and may not be conversant with the disease with which his animals are suffering and the necessity of its eradication for the common welfare. Realiz- ing this, the inspector must not become officious but must use every reasonable effort to acquaint the owner of the stock with the true nature of the disease and by his action and the thoroness of his work gain the confidence of the stockman. Absolute knowledge of the disease at hand, with whe ef-. ficient and thoro handling of its eradication and with punc- — tuality and tact in the administration of the Sanitary Board regulations are essential in all sanitary work. eee LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 85 INSPECTIONS. Animals suffering from an infectious-contagzious disease or where the slightest suspicion exists as to the possibility of their being so infected must be given a caretul and system- atic examination in order to determine whether or not such a disease exists. The fact that a serious infectious-conta- gious disease has not heretofore existed must not be taken into consideration in making the examination. ‘he examina- tion and insnection must be so thoro that tne diagnosis is made on absolute facts and not on supposition as to the non- existence of certain disases in that district. Scope of Inspection. The examination must not be con- fined to the suspicious animals but must include all suscept- ible animals of different species on the infected premises and if the disease is of a serious nature, such as foot-and-mouth disease, anthrax, glanders, scabies, etc., the inspection must be extended to susceptible animals on adjacent prem- ises or which have been exposed to the disease. The number of animals affected and exposed and a description of the lesions must be noted. Tracing Infection and Shipments. In outbreaks of an infectious-contagious disease the infection must be traced to its origin whenever possible and the diseased or exposed ani- mals must be quarantined and tested, wherever a test is ap- plicable. | In cases of foot-and-mouth disease a report must be secured of all livestock shipments into and out of the affected community. All stockyards, stock-cars and premises which have been exposed to foot-and-mouth disease or other highly infectious-contagious disease must be immediately quaran- tined and placards placed on the premises prohibiting the movement. of livestock or people from the affected premises until such premises have been officially disinfected. Also, in outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease, cream, milk, butter- milk and whey from creameries to which milk from diseased - or exposed animals have been shipped must be properly ster- lized. Railroad companies and creameries must be given of- ficial notice relative to the outbreak of the disease. ~ Employment of Guards. In all outbreaks of foot-and mouth disease, or other such serious infectious-contagious disease, guards should be employed to see that quarantine - &6 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA | regulations are strictly observed. Inspectors must inform: the guards relative to the nature of the disease and its mode of spreading, also complete instructions must be given the ~ guards relative to the proper disinfection of their clothing. Disposal of Animals Where Slaughter is Required. Im- mediately upon comfirmation of a diagnosis of a disease re- quiring slaughter, the animals must be destroyed and burned or buried in accordance with the Live Stock Sanitary Board regulations (See Sections 9 and 18, Chapter 157, Session Laws of 1917.) Appraisal of Animals and Property Conslehant and Des- troyed. See Sections 10, 11 and 12, Chapter 157, Session Laws of 1917. Trenches for Burying Animals. Where ane are to be disposed of by slaughter and burial, the digging of a trench ‘must be started immediately.. In the case of animals of the first class the cost of burial must be borne by the owner of — the stock. In the case of animals of the second class, the cost of burial will be paid for the same as property destroyed (See Section 10, Chapter 157, Session Laws of 1917.) Contracts for digging trenches and burial of animals should be made in writing. Where the expenses are paid part by the United States, a Federal inspector must also sign the contract. Trenches for burying animals should be seven feet deep, seven feet wide and long enough to allow all carcasses to rest upon one side of the bottom. The length may be calculated by allowing two feet for adult cattle or horses of ordinary — size. Usually there is room in a trench of this size for the additional number of hogs and sheep found on the average farm, allowing two hogs or sheep for each cow. If the num- ber of hogs and sheep exceed this proportion, additional space should be provided in specifying the length of the trench. A — temporary pen should be constructed at the end or the side of | the trench to herd animals previous to their destruction. Trenches should be dug at a convenient point near the affect- ed animals in order that they may not be driven over unin- fected territory. - After slaughter, the animals should have the hides or skins slashed and the carcasses should be eviscerated and covered with unslaked lime. One barrel of lime for every LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 87 six or eight cattle or horses or twelve sheep or swine is usual- ly sufficient. If the animals are large, additional lime should be used. Five or more feet of earth must cover all carcasses. Disinfection of Cars. Cleaning and Disinfecting -the Premises. Remove all litter and manure from all parts of the car, including ledges and framework outside; clean the exterior and interior of the cars; and saturate the entire in- terior surface, including the inner surfaces of the car doors, - with a permitted disinfectant. Cleaning of Boats. Remove all litter from decks, stalls or other parts of the Boat occupied by the diseased animals and from portable chutes or other appliances or fixtures used in loading or unloading and saturate the entire surface of the decks, stalls or other parts of the boat occupied or tra- versed by the animals or with which they have come in con- tact or which have contained litter or manure, with a per- mitted disinfectant. Disinfection of Yards, Pens, Stables, Chutes or Premises. Empty all troughs, racks or other feeding or watering facil- _ ities; remove all litter, manure and accumulations for the - floors, posts or other parts; remove all loose woodwork; - thoroly scald water troughs and feed racks with boiling water. Floors, walls and ceilings must be cleaned and the _ entire surface of the fencing, troughs, chutes, floors, walls and other parts must be saturated with a permitted dis- infectant. All accumulations and manure or woodwork re- moved must be burned or mixed with lime and buried. Disinfection of Harness, Stable Implements and Clothing. All harness, stable implements and clothing, where such pro- ‘cedure will not injure their value, should be placed in boiling water for not less than thirty minutes. Where boiling will injure the material, they should be immersed for from fifteen minutes to one hour in one of the permitted disinfectants— the time depending whether or not the infection is spore bearing. . Where the flooring is of dirt, the upper layer and all moist dirt must be removed and a layer of unslaked lime _ substituted. In disinfecting stables or premises, it is ieee tle to add not more than one and one-half pounds of lime to the gallon of disinfectant. In this way, positive knowledge is obtained | — 88 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA =. ‘that the entire surface has come in contact with the disin- fectant. : Where large surfaces are to be disinfected, a force pump with a spray nozzle is absolutely essential. Where only a stall or a limited surface requires disinfection, a whitewash brush may be used for the walls and a sprinkling can may be used to disinfect the floors. In disinfecting buildings, as soon as the disinfecting solu- tion is practically dry, all doors and windows should be opened for the admission of sunlight and animals should not be placed in the buildings until at least twenty-four hours have elapsed. PERMITTED DISINFECTANTS. (a) Compound Solution of Cresol, U. S. P. at a dilu- tion of at least four ounces to one gallon of water. This disinfectant is extremely efficient in spraying the — exterior and interior of buildings, pens and stockyards. Advantages and disadvantages of Compound Solution of Cresol, U. S. P.: | (1) A three or four per cent. solution of cresol is as efficient as a five per cent. solution of carbolic acid. * (2) It is not interfered with by albuminous substances. — (3) It does not destroy metals or fabrics in a four per cent. solution. (4) It is more effective than carbolic acid for destroy- ing spores of bacteria such as anthrax or blackleg. It is a little more expensive than ordinary cresol owing to a stronger solution being required but this, in a measure, ‘is compensated for by its ready solubility. (ob) Liquified Phenol (Liquified Carbolic Acid) at a dilution of at least six fluid ounces to a gallon of water. This disinfectant is also efficient in spraying the exterior and interior of buildings, pens or stockyards. : Advantages and disadvantages of carbolic acid: (1) It is reasonably effective for destroying non-spore bacteria. (2) Its action is only slightly interfered with by alee minous substances. (3) It does not destroy metals or fabrics in a five per cent. solution. | LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 89 (4) It is readily available at all pharmacies. - Disadvantages: | (1) In a five per cent. solution it cannot be depended on to destroy the spores of bacteria such as anthrax and blackleg. (2) It is expensive. (c) Chloride of Lime. (U. S. P. strength 30% avail- able chlorine) at a dilution of one pound to two gallons of water. | , Chloride of Lime is very satisfactory for outside disinfec- tion work where there is plenty of air, as, for instance, man- ure piles, operr sheds, stock-pens, ground, etc., but is, on ac- count of its irritating fumes, not indicated for spraying closed buildings. | Chloride of Lime is useful in disinfecting cars and pens or for mixing with infections excreta. It is a powerful de- odorant and is advisable for use in foul smelling cess pools and similiar places. Its chief disadvantages are uncertainty of strength and destructiveness to metals and fabrics. -(d) Bichloride of Mercury. In a one to one thousand solution. Bichloride of Mercury is extremely efficient in disin- fecting hides and implements but should not be used in troughs or other places where animals may become poisoned from its use. Bichloride of mercury is a violent poison and has the property of combining with albuminoids to form inert com- pounds. This limits its usefulness as a general disinfectant. It should never be used to disinfect excreta or substances con- taining blood or serous fluids. Bichloride solutions are not to _ be kept in lead or tin containers or poured thru lead pipes as the mercury combines with these metals and injures them be- sides affecting the germicidal efficiency of the solution it- self. The chief advantage in the use of bichloride of mercury _lies in its great germicidal power when employed under pro- per conditions. Its disadvantages are its poisonous nature and its tendency to attack certain metals and the interference by albuminoids and other organic substances. _(e) Formaline. (40% formaldehyd) one quart to five - gallons of water. | 90 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA The solution of formaldehyd (formalin) is suitable for disinfecting hay, straw, harness, blankets, feed racks, lap * robes, finished surfaces, walls, ceilings, ete. Formaldehyd gas is suitable for disinfecting dwellings, cellars, milk houses, granaries and other tight buildings. Clothing and other articles that cannot be dipped or sprayed may be hung in such buildings and fumigated. A five per cent. solution of formaldehyd is regarded as superior to carbolic acid of the same strength as a_ general disinfectant. It is applied directly to the substance requiring disinfection and in the case of refuse, excreta and similiar substances should be mixed with them. = Production of Gas From Formalin. There are several methods liberating formaldehyd from formalin solutions. — Where portable autoclaves are used, ten ounces of formalin should be used for each one thousand cubic feet of air space. The room in which the gas is liberated must be kept closed from two to twelve hours, depending on the contents of the room. Formaldehyd gas may be liberated from formalin by pouring formalin upon crystallized or powdered potassium permanganate. The amount of gas evolved depends in a great measure on the relative weights of permanganate and formalin employed. Where six parts of formalin to five parts of permanganate is used, fifty per cent of the formaldehyd employed is liberated in the form of gas; therefore, for disin- fecting one thousand cubic feet with this method, use twenty ounces of formalin and sixteen and two-thirds ounces of per- manganate. The needle shaped crystals of permanganate should be employed. Place the requird amount of permanga- nate in a wide-bottom vessel, such as an ordinary dish pan and pour the formalin on quickly. Then close the compart- ment for from six to twelve hours depending on the char- acter of the articles to be disinfected. Ordinarily there is very little danger from fire when the permanganate method is used but, as sparks may be given off from the mixture of formalin with permanganate it is advisable to remove the easily combustible materials from the vicinity of the gener- ator and also to place the generator in a shallow container of water. . a Advantages and disadvantages of formaldehyd. Advan- tages: : : LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 91 (1) It is one of the most powerful germicides known. (2) - Its action is not interfered with by alumbinous sub- stances. (3) It is not poisonous and may, therefore, be used for disinfecting hay and grain without destroying these for food purposes. (4) Itis not injurious to delicate fabrics, paints or met- als. (Formalin solutions will attack iron but not other - metals.) Disadvantages: (1) The gas has a strong tendency to condense in cold weather and is not reliable when the air temperature is below. 50 degrees F. (2) It is necessary to seal tightly all premises which are to be disinfected with the gas in order that penetration may be secured and that the required concentration may be maintained for a sufficient length of time. (f) A Permitted “Saponified Cresol Solution” at a dilu- tion of at least four fluid ounces to one gallon of water. “Saponified cresol solutions” may be substituted for the Compound Cresol Solution, U. S. P., when such “saponified cresol solution” shall have been licensed and permitted by the - United States Bureau of Animal Industry. “‘Saponified cresol - solutions’ may not be used unless their container has a label on which is printed the official notice that they are recog- nized and permitted by the United States Bureau of Animal Industry. The following “saponified cresol solutions” have been recognized : | Cooper’s Fluid Dip (Wm. Cooper and Nephew, Chicago, Illinois). Cresol solution prepared by the Barrett Manu- facturing Company, Philadelphia, Pa. INFECTED HAY AND STRAW. In outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease or other ex- tremely infectious-contagious diseases, hay mows, hay stacks and straw stacks which have been infected by animals feeding from the sides or trampling upon the exposed sides and top should be thoroly raked off and cut down from one and one- half to two feet and the balance of the stack sprayed with a 92 LIVESTOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA four per cent. formaldehyd solution. The hay or straw re- moved from the infected stacks should be immediately burnt. PERSONAL DISINFECTION. In all instances, veterinarians and others engaged in the examination of animals suffering from an infectious-conta- gious disease must disinfect their shoes and outer clothing if— they become contaminated before leaving the premises. When employed on foot-and-mouth disease or other ex- tremely infectious-contagious diseases, each inspector should have the following equipment: One suit case or other receptacle for carrying State pro- perty, disinfectants, etc. One rubber cape for use in personal Sa One rubber coat. One pair rubber boots. One pair rubber gloves. One rubber hat. One enameled washpan. One disinfecting pan. ; One sponge. yne bottle of bichloride of mercury tablets. One bottle of formalin. One bottle of potassium permanganate. Upon reaching the premises where livestock is to be in- spected for foot-and-mouth disease the inspector or empilo.ce must put on his rubber :outer garments immediately on alighting from his conveyance and, upon the completion of the inspection and before leaving the premises sponge the rubber hat, boots and clothes both on the outside and on those portions of the inside which might have been contami- — nated with a solution of bichloride of mercury of not less than ~ one to one-thousand strength and if the premises have heen found to be infected with disease the inspector or employee — shall furnigate himself by fastening the cape about the neck and place under him upon the ground the disinfecting pan in- to which shall be placed about two drams of potassium per- — ~ manganate, over which shall be poured about one ounce of formalin; the cape and pan should not be removed until the tormaldehyd gas so formed shall have had sufficient time to penetrate all clothing. If used in cold weather, it may be found necessary to warm the pan. LIVESTOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 93 DISINFECTION OF DOGS, POULTRY, ETC. Immediately upon the quarantine of infected premises for foot-and-mouth disease or other extreme infectious-conta- gious diseases, all dogs, poultry, etc., must be confined until disinfection of the premises is completed. Before being re- leased all dogs, poultry, etc., must be dipped under. the super- vision of an inspector in a slightly warm solution containing -approximately two per cent. of compound solution of cresol. DISINFECTION OF HIDES. The sale or skinning of hides from animals known to have died from a disease caused by a spore-bearing micro- roganism, such as anthrax or blackleg, is prohibited. Hides from animals suspected to have died from a disease caused by a spore-bearing micro-organism or which have been exposed to such a disease must be immersed in a one to one thousand bichloride of mercury solution for not less than _ forty-eight hours. STATE PROPERTY. Inspectors must keep a list of State property in their possession and must keep it thoroly clean and disinfected and in good repair at all times. NOTICE TO OWNERS OBJECTING TO INSPECTION. _ Where an infectious-contagious disease is known or sus- pected to exist and where the law or a general order or a special order of the Livestock Sanitary Board requires sus- pected animals to be inspected or tested, if the owner refuses to permit the animals to be inspected or tested, the deputy or inspector will immediately issue a written order giving notice to the owner, agent or custodian of the livestock desig- ‘nating a certain time and place for the animals to be gathered and held subject to inspection or test. In this written notice the disease suspected will also be designated and the veterin- arian or inspector will be at the designated place punctually at the time stated in the written notice. If the owner fails to ‘comply with the order then the State Veterinary Surgeon at -Helena and the County Attorney of the county in which the animals are running must be immediately notified. (See also ‘Section 18, Chapter 157, Session Laws of 1917.) 94 LIVE STOCK SANITRY LAWS OF MONTANA POST MORTEM INSPECTIONS. _ A post mortem inspection must be held on all animals. destroyed by order of the Livestock Sanitary Board, excepting — in cases of general outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease or | anthrax or where inclement weather will not permit a proper. autopsy. NECROBACILLOSIS. In the inspection of livestock for necrobacillosis, when more than two tissues are affected or where the ulcerations are extensive and accompanied by considerable pus forma- tion, the disease is to be considered as an infectious-con- tagious disease and the affected animals quarantined. SALVAGE OF ANIMALS AND PROPERTY. Wherever possible carcasses or hides of animals destroyed ~ for tuberculosis are to be salvaged. In the case of animals of _ the first class, salvage money must be made payable one- half to the Livestock Sanitary Board Fund and one-half -to — the county treasurer of the county in which the animals were assessed or owned. In the case of salvage money obtained for animals or property of the second class, the entire amount of money must be made payable to the Livestock Sanitary Board Fund. Salvage money must not be made payable to the in- spector. FORMS TO BE USED FOR INDEMNITY. E S. V. Form 25 (Slaughter Certificate) must be used for © the compensation of animals of the first class. For animals of the second class or for property destroyed - a State Voucher must be used. Each animal or individual piece of property condemned and destroyed must be itemized on the State Voucher and sworn to before a notary Public by the owner or agent of the property destroyed. S. V. Form 25 (Slaughter Certificate) must not be used for animals of the — second class. COUNTY AUTHORITIES TO BE NOTIFIED. Wherever possible, the county authorities are to be noti-_ fied when animals of the first class are to be destroyed but the giving of such notice must not delay the work or ‘cause additional expense to the Livestock Sanitary Board. | LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 95 INTERSTATE INSPECTIONS. Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons will pay close atten- tion to the regulations of the different states relative to inter- _ state shipments of livestock. Inspections and tests must be made absolutely in accordance with the regulations of the state to which the stock is destined. Positively no deviation is to be made from the general regulations unless permission is first obtained from the sanitary authorities of the state to - which the shipment is destined. When an exception is grant- ed, such fact must be noted on the certificate issued. | Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons are authorized to make Inspections or tests on all livestock shipments destined to any other state or territory in the United States or District of Columbia. They are not authorized to make inspections or tests on livestock destined to Canada, or other international shipments or for shipments destined to Hawaiian Islands, Philippine Islands or Alaska. ORDERING SUPPLIES. _. In ordering supplies, always designate the quantity of each form or article desired. In ordering mallein and tuberculin, always designate the quantity of mallein or tuberculin desired. ADDRESS OF DEPUTIES. Deputies will report immediately any change in their post office or telegraphic address. When it is necessary to be away from permanent address, deputies will so report to the office at Helena and also give forwarding address to the post office authorities and to the local telephone and tele- graph offices. _ REPORTING INSPECTIONS. An 8. V. Form 17 report must be forwarded to the State Veterinary Surgeon at Helena whenever an inspection of any kind is made. This report must be complete in every detail. When a tuberculin or mallein chart or clinical health certifi- cate is issued, the S. V. Form 17 covering that inspection Should accompany the chart forwarded to Helena. One Save Form 17 is sufficient for a mallein or tuberculin chart or clinical health certificate; that is, do not send an S. V. Form 17 at the time of installation and then at the time of observa- 96 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA tion. The chart number or clinical health certificate number should be noted on the S. V. Form 17. Where a tuberculin or mallein chart (S. V. Form fi ) is issued, it is not also advisable to issue a clinical health certi- ficate (S. V. Form 10) covering the same shipment. Only one form should be used, and not both forms, covering the same shipment. In dipping animals, one S. V. Form 17 is required for each dipping and should be forwarded immediately after the dipping of the animals so that the office is conversant with the progress of the work. The 8. V. Form 17 covering the second dipping should note that it is the second dipping and also, if there is any descrepancy in the number of animals — dipped the first time and the second time, such discrepancy © should be noted. Information contained in all S. V. forms 17 must be com- plete in every detail. Additional notes may be made on the back of the form. Every report made should be so completed that if you personally are unable to finish the work that this office will be in possession of every detail so that the inspector detailed to finish the work may be fully informed and be just | as conversant with the work as the inspector who made the — first inspection or dipping. Where salvage money is obtained for carcasses or parts of carcasses, the amount obtained must be noted on the post mortem report card (S. V. Form 3). The. amount of money received for property other than carcasses must be noted on aS. V. Form 17. INSPECTORS WORKING TOGETHER. When two or more inspectors work together in the in- spection, testing or dipping of animals, but one set of reports. should be made, and each of these should be signed by each inspector. OFFICIAL: FORMS AND THEIR USE. | S. V. Form 2. Official Receipts. To be issued for all fees payable to the Live Stock Sanitary Board Fund. | S. V. Form 3. Memorandum of Autopsy. To be filled out and forwarded to Helena whenever an autopsy is made. S. V. Form 5. Application for Slaughter. To be filled out by the owner of livestock whenever they desire = held in quarantine to be slaughtered. as S LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 97 -s. V. Form 6. Cards for importation record. For office use. S: V. Form 7. Mallein and Tuberculin test charts. S. V. Form 8. Order of Quarantine. To be issued when a quarantine is ordered. S. V. Form 9. Dipping Certificate. Official certificate to be given owner of livestock upon the completion of official dipping. — S. V. Form 10. Clinical Health Certificate. , S. V. Form 15. Label for Blood Sample. To be pasted on container of blood or Sera forwarded to laboratory. S. V. Form 16. Appointment Certificate. S. V. Form 17. Report of Investigation. To be filled out and forwarded to Helena whenever an investigation or in- spection of any kind is made. S. V. Form 18. Instructions to Investigate. Notice from office to deputies to make investigation. S. V. Form 19. Blank for notifying owners of livestock relative to result of test. To be mailed immediately to owners of livestock tested when it is impossible to notify them verbally. S. V. Form 20. Contract. To be signed by owners of gelded animals which have reacted to the blood test for dourine relative to their not coming in contact with breeding animals of the same species. S. V. Form 22. Requesting stockmen receiving blackleg vaccine to report. For office use. S. V. Form 25. Slaughter Certificate. To be issued for indemnity of all animals of the first class destroyed by an order of the Livestock Sanitary Board. S. V. Form 26. Notice of Destruction of Animals. To be forwarded the office at Helena whenever an animal is des- troyed. §. V. Form 27. Weekly Reports. To be mailed by Dis- trict Deputies every Saturday night. WEEKLY REPORTS. Weekly reports of District Deputy State Veterinary Sur- geons are to be mailed to the State Veterinary Surgeon at Helena every Saturday night. They are to be complete in every detail, giving inspections in detail, name of owner, num- ber of animals inspected, disease, disposition and treatment, 98 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA = chart, quarantine and clinical health certificate numbers, time consumed in making the inspections, character of conveyance ~ used and the number of miles traveled. Total railroad and livery mileage to be separately totaled on the back of the report. Deputies will also designate, whenever possible, the prob- able work they will have on hand for the coming week. NEATNESS IN MAKING OUT REPORTS. It is essential that the deputies exercise neatness and care in making out charts and reports. Carbon copies must be ~ perfectly legible. Fractional degrees in temperatures are to be recorded in tenths. 7 - EXPENSE ACCOUNTS. In rendering expense accounts, it is to be remembered that the Board of Examiners meet the third Monday of each month and that it is necessary for this office to audit and check up expense accounts before they are submitted to the - Board. Therefore, all expense accounts should be in this of- | fice the Wednesday previous to the third Monday .of each month. We are held strictly accountable for our appropria- tion and our books are checked over by the State Bank Ex-— aminer. Strict economy must be exercised in all expense accounts. : 3 Expense accounts must be rendered monthly. . All expense accounts must be itemized; that is, the name of the place where expense was incurred, together with the kind of expense, must be noted. All items of over $1.50 must be accompanied by a receipt, excepting when personal livery is used. In such cases, the starting point and destination, mileage and elapsed time must be noted. Fifteen cents (15c) © per mile is allowed for personal auto. To facilitate the audit- ing of expense accounts, each receipt must be numbered and the number of the receipt noted in the first right hand col- umn of the voucher. In the case of Resident Deputies, the time. consumed in making the inspection also the name of the person owning the stock inspected or tested must be given. 3 3 The cheapest method of traveling must be used; that is, if it is cheaper to take a railroad train than it is to use an LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 99 auto or livery, the railroad must be used, facilities for hand- ling the work and elapsed time to be given due consideration. PER DIEM WORK. ' For per diem work eight dollars ($8.00) will be allowed when six or more hours are necessary for the inspection or ~ test. Where less than six hours is necessary for the inspection ‘or test and the inspection is outside the resident city of the _ Resident Deputy State Veterinary cana six dollars ($6.00) will be allowed. When less than six hours is necessary to make the in- spection or test and the inspection is made within the resident city of the Resident Deputy State Veterinary Surgeon, four dollars ($4.00) will be allowed. OFFICIAL DIPS. CATTLE. “Lime and Sulphur Dip,” made in the ere of 12 pounds of unslaked lump lime or 16 pounds commercial hydrated lime (not air slacked) and 24 pounds of sulphur to 100 gallons of water. The dipping solution to test out 2 per cent sulphid sulphur. “Tobacco Dips,” which contain five one hundredths of one per cent nicotin. “Beaumont Oil,” or its equivalent. SHEEP. “Lime and Sulphur Dip,” made in the acetion of 8 pounds of lump lime or 11 pounds of commercial hydrate lime (nor air clacked) and twenty-four pounds of sulphur to 100 gallons of water. The dipping solution to test 1.5 per cent sulphid sulphur. 7 “Tobacco Dips,’ which contain five one-hundredths of one per cent. nicotin. | HORSES. | “Lime and Sulphur Dip,” in the same proportion as used for cattle. “Beaumont Oil,” or its equivalent. Note: Commercial concentrated Lime and Sulphur dips may be used in official dipping when the container bears a nota- tion that the product has been approved by the U. 8S. Bureau 100 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA of Animal Industry and when it is mixed in such proportion that the dipping solution will test the proper percentage of sulphid sulphur. | Where the dipping vat is considerable distance from the. railroad or where wood is scarce or where facilities for boiling the lime and sulphur are not the best, the commercial concen- trated solution will prove more economical. CATTLE AND SHEEP SCABIES. 1. Preparation of Dips. The lime and sulphur dip for — cattle scabies is made in the proportion of 12 pounds of un- slaked lump hme or 16 pounds of commercial hydrated lime (not air slacked) and 24 pounds of flowers of sulphur to 100 gallons of water. The dipping solution should test out 2 per cent sulphid sulphur. ‘Direction for Preparation of 100 Gallons of Dip. Weigh out the lime and sulphur. Place the lime in a shallow, water- tight box similar to a mortar box, or some suitable vessel, and add enough water to form a lime paste or lime putty. Sift into this lime paste the flowers of sulphur and stir well; then place the lime and sulphur paste in a kettle, boiler, or tank cotaining 30 gallons of boiling water. Boil the mixture | for two hours at least, stirring frequently; add water occa- sionally to maintain the original quantity. Allow the mixture to settle in the tank or draw the entire contents of the kettle — or boiling tank into a large tub, barrel, or settling tank placed near the dipping vat and provided with a bunghole about 4 inches from the bottom, and then allow ample time to settle until the liquid is clear. When fully settled, draw off the clear liquid into the dipping vat, taking care not to allow any — of the sediment to accompany it, as the sediment will injure | the wool. The clear liquid thus obtained only requires the addition of sufficient clear warm water to make a solution containing 2 per cent sulphid sulphur. By bringing the total up to 100 gallons the dip will usually, under average condi- tions, test 2 per cent sulphid sulphur. However, care should be taken not to make too great a dilution prior to testing. | 2. The lime-and-sulphur dip for sheep scabies is pre- pared in the same manner as for cattle scabies except that 8 pounds of lump lime or 11 pounds of commercial hydrated lime (not air slacked) should be used, and the solution should be diluted to test 1.5 per cent. sulphid sulphur. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 101 3. The nicotin dip for scabies of cattle or sheep is made with sufficient nicotin solution to give a mixture containing not less than five one-hundredths of 1 per cent (0.05) nicotin and 2 per cent. flowers of sulphur is added to prevent rein- fection. The addition of sulphur will not be required unless exposure to reinfection is indicated. Sufficient nicotin would therefore be furnished for 96 gallons (about 800 pounds) of dip by 1 pound of a 40 per cent solution of nicotin. The formula for this dip would be: Nicotin, four-tenths of a pound; flowers of sulphur, 16 pounds; water, 96 gallons. To calculate how much nicotin solution should be used for 96 gallons of water, divide the quantity of nicotin requir- ed in the dip by the proportion of nicotin in the solution. For example, suppose the nicotin solution contains 25 per cent. nicotin, we have 0.40—0.25=1.6. Therefore, in this case it would require 1.6 pounds of nicotin solution for the 96 gal- lons of dip. Do not use any preparation the strength of which is not given on the label of the container. In preparing these dips the nicotin solution and sulphur should be mixed together with water before adding them to the water in the dipping vat and the contents of the vat should be stirred while the mixture is being added. The dip should on no account be heated above 105 degrees F. after the nicotin solution is added, as heat is liable to evaporate the nicotin and weaken the dip. 4. Directions for Testing Dip. To test the lime-and- sulphur dip, mix bath well, let settle for a few minutes, then fill a clean dry graduate with bath, setting TOP edge of sur- face on the zero mark, and pour (draining out drops) into a clean, wide-mouthed bottle. | Rinse graduate with clean water (or rinse with a little of the test fluid), shake out adhering drops, and fill to zero mark with test fluid. While gently swirling bottle containing the bath pour in - test fluid from the graduate until the yellow color of bath be- comes faint. Then let the contents of the bottle come to rest and gently drop on the surface one drop of indicator solution from the dropping bottle. Note if a violet color appears . _where the indicator solution mixed with the bath. If color appears add a little more test fluid from the graduate, mix, and test again with a drop of indicator solution. Continue 102 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA this until a drop of indicator solution fails to produce any - ~ color, avoiding the addition of excess of test fluid. The number of cubic centimeters of test fluid added to just reach the point where color with indicator solution fails to appear represents tenths of 1 per cent of “Sulphide sul- phur” in the bath. (NOTE. The indicator solution should not be more than one week old. Prepare fresh solution by disolving one- “tablet for indicator solution’ in 15 cc. clean water in — the bottle. Keep test fluid in glass-stoppered bottles- only, and in cool dark place. 5. To test the nicotin dip, measure 100 cc. of well mixed bath into the “titration bottle’ (8 ounce round bottle), rinse graduate, and then measure 100 c.c. of water into the same bottle. Add the contents of one paper of “precipitate reagent” to the liquid in the titration bottle, stopper, and shake vigorously for two minutes, then let settle quietly for two minutes or more. Open out a large plaited filter in the glass funnel and support the latter in the mouth of the 100 c.c. graduate. Carefully pour the contents of the titration bottle onto “the filer, leaving behind most of the froth and precipitate. Col- lect 100 c.c of the filtrate. Rince the titration bottle clean with water and pour into it the 100 c.c. of filtrate. Next add 10 c.c. (from the 10 e.c. . cylinder) of the hydrochloric acid, stopper and shake well for a few seconds. Take out the stopper and touch it to a strip of “‘test paper’. If the moistened paper does not show a deep blue color, add 2 c.c. more of hydrochloric acid, shake, ~ and test again, repeating with 2 c.c. of hydrochloric acid until a blue color is produced. Fill the “burette” with the red “test fluid’, run back a little through the stopcock into the bottle of test fluid (to remove air trapper in the stopcock), then: adjust the level of test-fluid in the burette at the 0.000 mark. Now into the liquid in the titration bottle run out test fluid from the ‘burette down to a mark indicating one or two hundredths per cent less than the hundredths of 1 per cent of nicotin expected to be in the bath. Stopper the bottle and shake >= vigorously for two minutes. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 103 Open a small filter paper into a cone, grasp it by the triple-thick side between the thumb and forefinger, and fill it about one-third full with liquid from the titration bottle. Let the first five or six drops fall back into the titration bottle, then catch both cups of the black plate (which must be strictly clean and dry) leavel full of the filtered liquid, which must be perfectly clear. Pour any liquid left in the paper back into the bottle. Now into the liquid in one of the cups let fall from the dropper one drop of “indicator solu- tion”. Carefully observe the liquid in both cups, holding the plate in various lights. If no difference can be detected in the two cups after about half a minute, too much test fluid has been used and it is necessary to repeat the whole operation from the beginning, using less test fluid. If a white cloud appears in the cup to which the indicator solu- tion was added, a further quantity of test fluid equivalent to 0.005 or 0.010 per cent nicotin (depending on the heaviness of the cloud) is to be added to the tiration bottle, and the shaking and testing repeated. Proceed thus until, after. the last addition of test fluid, absolutely no cloud can be de- tected in the cup upon treating with indicator solution. The reading on the burette gives directly the per cent of nicotin in the bath. (NOTE) If measuring cylinders, etc., are wet, shake out adhering drops of water before using them. All the measurements are to be made with the TOP LINE of the curved surface (meniscus) of the liquid on the ~ mark. The indicator solution is simply a little of the test fluid kept apart for convenience. -Caution—Great care to avoid contamination is necessary in making the test on the back plate. The fingers must be rinsed clean from bath, test fluid, etc., before touching the filter paper. Do not allow the latter to touch the mouth of the bottle or anything else except the clean finger tips. Be sure the black plate is absolutely clean. Look very ; carefully for the white cloud which toward the end is only faint and may not be noticed at first. The dip must not test less than five one-hundredths nor more than seven - one-hundredths of one per cent nicotin. =< 104 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF. MONTANA FREQUENT TESTS OF DIPS REQUIRED 6. Employees supervising the dipping of sheep and cat- tle should test the dip when the vat is charged or before dip- ping is commenced and thereafter at sufficiently frequent intervals to insure maintaining the dip at the uniform standard strength. - The contents of the vat should be well stirred before the test is made. It is sometimes necessary to allow a few animals to pass through the vat before the dip is well mixed. At vats where the operations are con- tinuous throughout the day and large numbers of animals are being dipped, the dip should be tested at least three times during the day. DIRECTIONS FOR DIPPING CATTLE _ | 7. Immersion. When either the lime-and-sulphur or nicotin dip is used, the cattle should be completely submerged once, and the dip in the vat should be maintained at a depth sufficient to swim the tallest animal to be dipped. 8. Affected Cattle....Affected animals should receive special attention in the application of the treatment to the up- per portions of the body where the lesions usually appear. — This should be done by applying the dip to the neck, withers, and back from a bucket and thoroughly scrubbing these parts while the animals are in the chute prior to entering the vat. 9. Exposed Cattle. Cattle can only become exposed by coming in contact with infected animals or being closely con- fined in infected cars or premises. 10. Time in Vat. Changing Fluid, etc. Cattle visibly affected should be held in the dip from two to three minutes and their heads submerged at least once for but an instant at a time, and assistance must be rendered immediately if - they appear to be strangling. The best time to duck the © head is while the animals are in the last third of the swim. Cattle not visibly affected should remain in the dip a min- © imum period of one minute. The dip must be maintained at.a temperature between 100° and 105° F. while the animals are in it. It should be changed as soon as it becomes filthy, regardless of the number of cattle dipped in it, and in no case should the dip in the vat be used again after it is _ fifteen days old. In cleaning the vat the entire contents must be removed, including all sediment and droppings or other foreign matter. : ~ LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 105 11. Handling Cattle in Vat. Men with dipping forks should be stationed along the vat to keep the animals com- pletely submerged except the heads as they swim through. This may be done by placing the fork over the withers and pushing the animal under the dip. The cattle should be prevented from swimming through too quickly by means of a holding gate, or in the event there is no such gate, the dip- ping forks or ropes with bowline noose may be used to retard their movement. | 12. Number of Dippings Required. Cattle visibly af- fected with scabies, or from scabby herds, must be given two dippings with an interval of from 10 to 14 days between dippings. One dipping should be sufficient for exposed cattle in herds not visibly affected. DIRECTIONS FOR DIPPING SHEEP 138. Depth of Dip in Vat. The average depth of dip used in a dipping vat for sheep is from 40 to 48 inches and the amount of dip. necessary to obtain that depth should _ be ascertained before preparing the dip. 14. Time in Vat—Changing Fluid, Etc. Sheep classed as infected must be kept in the dip between two and three minutes, and those classed as exposed or free should remain in the dip at least two’ minutes and the heads of all sheep dipped must be submerged at least once, though but an in- stant at a time, and assistance rendered immediately if they appear to be strangling. The best time to duck the head is _ while they are in the last fourth of the vat. The dip must be maintained at a temperature between 100° and 105° F. while the sheep are in it, and must be changed as soon as it becomes filthy, regardless of the number of sheep dipped, and in no case shall it be used again when more than 10 days old. In emptying the vat the entire contents must be remov- ed, including all sediment and dropping or other foreign mat- ter. 15. Use of Dipping Forks. Men with dipping forks _ should be stationed along the vat to prevent the sheep from swimming through too soon, and to push each sheep under the dip, except head, as they pass them. If they are swimming through the vat too quickly, the men can hold them back with dipping forks. They should be held in bunches of 3'to 5, each man holding a bunch the necessary 106 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA length of time, then passing them to the next man, pushing them well under the dip, except the head, as they swim past: Place the dipping fork over the front part of the shoulders, and gently but firmly push the sheep under the dip except the head. If properly done, the sheep will raise its head, so the neck can be well soaked without danger of strangling by 3 pushing the head under. 16. Sorting and Hand Dressing. All sheep that have hard, dry scab on them should be sorted from the flock and the diseased areas hand-dressed with some of the dip by rub- bing the scab with a smooth stick or brush as the dip is ap- plied so as to moisten and soften the scab, but not severely enough to draw blood, as the blood will protect the mites from the effect of the dip. Allow these sheep to stand 30 to 60 minutes after hand dressing before putting them in the dipping vat. 3 17. Number of Dippings Required. All diseased and exposed sheep must be branded with a red letter “S” on the right side, and given a second dipping at an interval of ten to fourteen days from the first dipping, and quarantined on a range away from all other sheep for a period of not less than ninety days and until officially inspected and released. Each band of sheep dipped must be branded at the first dipping with a distinct number or mark to preserve their identity, and to prevent mixing with other: be they must be corralled each night. 18. Drowning Sheep. When sheep start to drown or become strangled in the dipping vat, it is often necessary to pull them out immediately to save them. Such sheep, pro- viding they have not remained in the vat the required length of time, should be returned to the pens and again dipped when they have sufficiently recovered. 19. Difference Between Dipping Sheep and Lambs. As a rule the dip will penetrate the fleece of a lamb quicker than that of a full grown sheep in full fleece. For this reason — they should not be put into the dipping vat together, the | grown sheep requiring the most time on account of the gum in the fleece. | GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR. DIPPING. 20. Watering and Feeding Animals. Three to six hours before the animals are dipped they should be watered LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 107 and fed so they will not be hungry or thirsty at time of dipping. The floors of the dipping pens should be sloped or so arranged that the dip will drain away and not collect in _ pools from which the animals may drink. Soft water is better than hard for dipping, but if it cannot be obtained the hard water may be “softened” by the addition of sal soda or lye, but no more should be added than is required to “cut” the water. From 1 to 4 pounds of sal ' soda to each 100 gallons of water is usually sufficient. 21. Computing Amount of Dip Required. In one gal- gon there are 231 cubic inches; multiply in inches the average length by the average breadth, the product by the depth, divided by 231, and the result will be the number of gallons. To obtain the average length of the vat add the length at the bottom to the length at the top of the dip and divide by 2; obtain the average width in the same manned. The depth should be taken at the center of the vat, and should be from the bottom to water (or dip) line. Be sure to measure only the space filled by the dip and not above that line. The cook- ing tank should also be measured. It is convenient to have rods marked showing the number of gallons at the various - depths. ? Freshly shorn sheep and short-wooled lambs will carry out and retain in the fleece from 1 to 2 quarts of dip; full-fleeced fine-wool sheep take up as much as 2 gallons, and at late fall dippings the average medium-wool sheep will retain about one gallon. The average 1000 pound short-haired steer will carry out and retain about 2 quarts of dip and the same class of cattle with long hair will retain about 1 gallon. The total estimated amount of dip which the animals carry out and retain plus the amount required to charge the vat should equal the total amount required if there is none lost by leakage. 22. Mixing the Dip. Mix the dip thoroughly in the dipping vat by stirring length wise in the vat, also from top to bottom. A large hoe or stirring plunger is a good in- strument to use in stirring. _ 23. Temperature of Dip. After the dip is thoroughly mixed, take the temperature at different parts of the vat; see that it is uniform, and if too hot or too cold add hot or cold water with proper proportions of dip until the right temperature for the dip is between 100° and 105° F., and it 108 “LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA should be maintained at that temperature as nearly as pos- sible and never over 105° F. To ascertain the temperature, take some of the dip out of the vat in a bucket, hold the thermometer in it, and read the temperature while the ther- mometer is in the fluid. 24. Injuries in Chutes and Vat. Do not have any pro- jecting boards, nails, etc., in the pens or chutes or cross pieces or projecting timbers in the vat where the animals may strike them and be wounded or bruised. 25. Daylight Inspection Required. Inspection of ani- mals should not be made in the morning before sunrise or in the evening after sunset, and in no case shoule inspection be made by artificial light. 26. Points to Remember. Remember that it is just as important to do thorough work with the last animals dipped as with the first ones. The two essential things are a reliable dip prepeels pre- pared of proper strength and the thorough soaking of the entire fleece or all of the hair with the dip. Select good weather for dipping, pre avoiding © wet weather. E Do not dip too late in the afternoon, when the nights are chilly. Do not hold animals off feed and water longer than can — be avoided. | Do not have the incline of vat too steep that animals. ; can not climb it easily. Have suitable dripping pens and drying corrals and do not load animals in car until they have become dry. : Handle animals as carefully as possible, and the causes of shrinkage in dipping will be avoided to a great extent. Animals that are in good condition will stand the dipping very well, even when the weather is quite cold. . 27. Subsequent Clasification of Dipped Animals. Cattle and horses dipped twice in accordance with regulations will be regarded as free, unless living mites are found on them, or unless they are exposed after three days subsequent to the last dipping by coming in contact with scabby animals, or with infected premises, enclosures, or otherwise. All affected and exposed sheep will be branded with a red letter “S’” and held in quarantine for a period of not LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 109 less than ninety days. At the end of ninety days they will be officially inspected and if found clean they may be re- leased from quarantine. DIPPING WITH OIL. Beaumont oil or its equivalent must be used. The vat is filled to within six inches of the dip line with water and then three to six inches of dip is floated on top. One dipping only is required. Oil must not be used in dipping sheep. It is not. necessary to heat the dip, but to prevent it from clumping the temperature of the water and oil should _be seventy-five to eighty degrees F. Cattle and horses when dipped with oil must be dipped in the cool of the day. Under no circumstances should they be dipped during extreme cold or extreme hot weather. If the weather is hot wait until the sun goes down and dip during the twilight. ae Animals must not be dipped in oil when overheated, and after dipping they must not be driven but must be allowed to rest and graze, preferably in a cool shady pasture if avail- able. Calves and colts must not be sipped in oil as the oil destroys their natural odor to such an extent that they will not be owned by their dams. Calves or colts affected with scab must be hand treated either with lime and sulphur or tobacco. Oil is more dangerous to use than either lime and sul- phur or tobacco on account of its liability to blister the ani- mals. It is only adivsable to use oil on horse scab and in range dipping where it is impossible to hold the animals for the second dipping. é Great care must be exercised in dipping with oil; other- wise losses: will occur. 110 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA SUMMARY OF DIRECTIONS FOR APPLYING THE SUB- CUTANEOUS TUBERCULIN TEST. 1. As far as practicable cattle should be stabled under usual conditions and among usual surroundings. 2. Feeding and watering should be conducted in the customary manner with the exception that feed and water - should be given only immediately after the measuring of a temperature. 2 The tuberculin test should be preceded by a careful inspection of the physical condition of each animal. 4. Each animal’s temperature should be measured at least three times at not less than two hour intervals prior to injection. Adult animals showing a maximum tempera- ture over 103 degrees F. should not be injected with tuber- culin. Animals showing evidence of any acute disease or condition, or showing extensive pus formation should not be injected with tuberculin. 5. The site of injection for tuberculin should be cleansed with an antiseptic solution, the hypodermic syringe and needles should be sterilized by boiling in water before start- ing their use upon a herd. Needles should be washed in antiseptic solution between each injection. Opened bottles of tuberculin should be protected from contamination. 6. The dose of tuberculin prepared by the Bureau of Animal Industry is as follows for cattle which are apparently healthy and which have not received tuberculin within a pe- riod of at least sixty days: its CC for cattle weighing 400 pounds or less. 11%4 CC for cattle weighing between 400 and 600 pounds. 9 (CC for cattle weighing between 600 and 800 pounds. 3 CC for cattle weighing between 800 and 1100 pounds. 4 CC for cattle weighing between 1100 and 1400 pounds. — 5 QC for cattle weighing between 1400 and 1700 pounds. 6 CC for cattle weighing between 1700 and 2000 pounds. 7. The measurements of temperature following the in- jection of tuberculin should commence at the eighth hour — and be continued at intervals of two or three hours until the twentieth hour after injection, at which time, if there is no tendency for the temperature to rise, the test may — cease. Temperatures upon cattle which are showing a rising tendency following the injection of tuberculin, should be | measured at approximately hourly intervals. | LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 111 8. A rise to two degrees F. or more above the maximum temperature observed prior to: the injection of tuberculin or a temperature above 103.8 F. should be regarded as an in- dication of tuberculosis, provided the temperature reaction - shows the characteristic rainbow curve. 9. Animals which after injection show a rise of tem- perature of two degrees F. with a maximum between 103 and 103.8 degrees F., as well as those which show a rise of less than two degrees F. with a maximum temperature of 103.8 degrees F. are regarded as suspicious. The presence of a general systemic reaction should be considered in determining the classification between suspicious and reacted. 10. Cattle which are regarded as suspicious should be submitted to a retest after the expiration of at least sixty days. This class of cattle and those which show possible physical evidences of tuberculosis, emaciation, old age, or which have been repeatedly tested should receive double or treble the dose of tuberculin indicated by their weight. INSTRUCTIONS GOVERNING THE INTRADERMAL TU- BERCULIN TEST. The records of the Livestock Sanitary Board relative to our experience with the intradermal test during the past four years lead us to the conclusion that the intradermal test, when properly applied, is more reliable than the sub- _ cutaneous test for work in Montana. We have found: it advisable to have veterinarians un-— acquainted with the test trained by veterinarians who have _had considerable experience with the intradermal method. Scientific technique is essential in the administration of tu- _berculin and care, thoroness and experience are absolutely es- sential in obtaining and correctly reading a reaction. Skill and minute attention to every detail is imperative. It is required that a careful examination of each animal be the primary step. Abnormalties of the skin, peculiarities of the breed and evidence of the previous ad- ministration of tuberculin or symptoms of tuberculosis must _be noted for future reference. Each animal must be marked in such a way that it can readily be identified on rein- ~ spection. This is absolutely necessary to prevent substitu- tion by unscrupulous dealers. Identification of animals may 112 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA be accomplished by the use of metal tags or paint markings or, in individual animals or small bunches, by minute de- scription. The control or restraint of the animal during the ad- ministration of the tuberculin is essential and can best be accomplished when the animals are in tie stalls or stanchions. When animals are properly secured, under ordinary circum- stances, only one assistant is necessary. In handling range cattle a squeeze chute, if available, is an excellent method of restraint. Where a squeeze ‘chute is not available, an ordinary chute may be used and in such a case it is advisable to erowd the animals, thus en- -abling the operator to work without danger and to prevent unnecessary movements of the animals during the administra- tion of tuberculin. In most instances aseptic preparation of ‘the field of operation is either impracticable or impossible and as the test is an anaphylactic one it is not essential that the field of operation be made sterile. The field of operation must be dry—if contaminated with manure it should be wiped dry with a dry clean cloth or absorbent cotton. Under no circumstances should colored or irritating antiseptics or liquids be used. In cleaning the part with a dry cloth or cotton, care must be exercised not to irritate the skin and cause hyperemia. 3 In Montana, official tests must be made with Bureau of Animal Industry tuberculin. The ordinary tuberculin as furnished by the Bureau of Animal Industry concentrated to one-third its volume is recommended. We have found the ordinary tuberculin to be efficient but with the concen- trated tuberculin apparently a more clearly defined reaction is obtained. 3 The most practicable instrument for the administration of tuberculin is a small fenestrated glass-barrel one and one- half or two c.c. syringe, such as the Shelton syringe, fitted’ with a G-23 Schimmel dental needle covered with a Yg inch Dental Butt adapter. The point of the needle should not exceed one-eighth of an inch in length from the end of the adapter; a needle this length when introduced at an angle prevents the mistake of pentrating into the subcutaneous — tissues. d . In applying the test, the operator should stand to the — right of the animal with his knee pressed close to the flank. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 113 Some operators prefer to stand directly behind the animal. The skin, preferably the loose skin between the anus and caudal attachment, should be grasped with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand and the needle thrust between the layers of the skin with the right hand, care being exercised not to penetrate into the subcutaneous tissues. The dosage is approximately 0.1 c.c. to 0.2 cc. A small circumscribed area about the size of a shot or pea will show on the surface of the skin as a result of a successful installation of tuber- culin. Do not draw blood as this is apt to cause a superficial swelling or needle infection and make the reaction doubtful. In injecting into the caudal region care must be exercised not to insert the needle too near to the base of the tail as the tissues at the extreme base of the tail may prevent the clear definition of the result of the reaction. The same result may follow if the injection is made too far back along the fold. The palpebral region may be used as the site of in- - jection. If made in this region the injection should be made in the lower eyelid about one-half inch from the inner _ canthus of the eye and three-eighths of an inch from the edge of the lower eyelid. The reaction in this region is probably more easy to read but, on account of the difficulty of restraining unbroken animals, in most instances we have found the caudal fold to be more practjcable. In the installation of the tuberculin, the attention of -the animal should be taken away from the prick of the needle. To do this, the assistant should grasp the animal’s horns or ears with the right hand and insert his thumb and middle finger of the left hand into the nostril and hold the head of the animal to the left. When the operator is ready - to insert the needle, the assistant should pinch the nose of the animals with his fingers to take the animal’s attention away from the operator. An intradermal reaction consists usually of a dense, painful, edematous swelling of the skin at the site of in- jection. The size of the swelling varies from the size of a grape to as large as a hen’s egg. Not in all cases is the swelling circumscribed in area. It may in some instances, be simply a thickening of the fold with no definite line of 114 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA | demarcation, but in all positive reactions the swelling will, on palpatation show heat, pain and edema. In most instances, a small hemorrhagic spot will present itself at the point of installation but this is, by no means, a constant symptom; also, brown incrustations of the skin in the region as well as a painful sloughing of the epidermis may be observed in a positive reaction but they are not a constant symptom and a positive diagnosis of a reaction may be made without — _ their presence. A positive reaction usually makes its appearance in eighteen hours, reaching its maximum between the sixteenth and seventy-second hour and may remain for several days. We have found that where one post-inspection only is made that it should be made between the sixtieth and seventy- second hour after injection. Occasionally, soft fluctuary swellings make their ap- pearance about the seventh or eighth hour after injection due probably to the action of glycerine and salts but these swellings disappear after the twelfth hour. They are not to be confounded with a positive reaction. Large, soft, painful swellings in the region may be induced by improper tech- nique. In such cases if the swelling continues and does not take on the characteristic hot, painful, edematous swelling, the only recourse is to class the animal as suspicious and hold it for retest, but suspicious reactions where a proper quality of tuberculin is used must, in nearly every instance, be charged against the technique of the operator. The results of the test should be recorded as follows: N=Negative. No swelling. S=Suspicious. Edematous non-painful swelling. P-+-=—Positive. Slightly indurated painful swelling. P++=—Positive. Large indurated painful swelling. Oe ee ee ee ee ee ee ee . ‘ ; f Sy 4 : f i 5 Z Bie sail bs - a ‘ “ . ’ ti » — — ‘ a ee ee ee ee ee a ee es a ow ae et ~ LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 115 INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLYING THE OPTHALMIC MAL- LEIN TEST. Before the application of the opthalmic mallein test the animals should be carefully examined to ascertain whether the eye shows conjunctivitis or other changes which are associated with suppuration. Should such be By the test should not be applied. The test consists in introducing into the conjunctival sac of the eye several drops of either undiluted raw mallein or a solution of precipitated mallein (0.1 to 0.2 c.c. per horse). This may be introduced either with the aid of an eye dropper or preferably with a camel’s-hair brush by ap- plying the brush gently along the inner surface of both the upper and lower eyelids. The other eye is not treated, but serves as a control for comparison of the reaction. For the testing of horses in the same stable the same eye dropper or camel’s-hair brush may be used for all animals, but the dropper or brush should be sterilized before use upon dif- ferent lots of horses. As soon as the mallein is introduced into the eye practi- ally all animals show a lacrimation, increased reddening of _ the conjunctiva and slight photophobia. No significance shoud be given to these symptoms. They disappear in one or two hours. A pseudo-reaction can be produced by artificial or accidental irritation of the eye. The characteristic manifestation of ve reaction for glanders commences as a rule from 5 to 6 hours and lasts 24 to 36 hours, sometimes longer. It consists of a purulent — discharge from the conjunctival sac which is typical and is frequently associated with erddening, swelling, and gluing of the eyelid. It is advisable to examine the tested animals in a good light from 12 to 24 hours, or preferably 16 hours, after the application of the test. | A suppurative discharge of varying quantities 1s con- sidered a positive reaction. The conjunctiva and the eyeball should also be included in the examination after examining - the discharge. By removing the purulent discharge (either by the stable attendant or by the animals licking each other, ete.) the positive result may be obliterated. In such cases dried pus may be frequently found on the parts around the 116 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA eye, or the exposure of the conjunctiva by means of pressure by the thumb and finger will show fresh, purulent material. Generally the positive opthalmic reactions are not ac- companied by fever or systemic disturbances. Occasionally, however, affected horses are hypersensitive to such a degree that even the few drops of mallein placed in the eye may enter the circulation and produce fever. ‘Therefore, it is advisable, when possible, to accompany the opthalmic reac- tion with temperature readings. For this purpose the tem- perature should be taken twice, the first time when the eye test is being made, and the second time when it is judged. In a doubtful eye reaction where there is an increased tem- perature of 114 degrees F., the test should be considered positive if the animal had a normal temperature at the time the test was made. In the absence of any secretion the test should be con- sidered negative. When there is a mucous secretion or lacrimation during the period of reaction the test must be considered as atypical, and in such cases it may be repeated the same day, when as a rule the results are more confirm- ing. : The application of the opthalmic test should not be re- ~ peated more than three times on the same animal within a short period, as experiments show that the reaction after the third application made within three months usually loses its intensity in positive cases and on subsequent tests may be entirely absent. In cases where the results of the second test immediately following the first test are atypical, the blood of such animals may be drawn and forwarded to a laboratory for the serum diagnosis, as the instillation of . opthalmic mallein does not influence this method of diagnosis. From experience gained with the eye test such a procedure would become necessary only in a comparatively few cases. In the control of glanders, animals may be retested every six months with satisfactory results. 3 The mallein for the eye test is a clear, sirupy, dark brown liquid, giving off a rancid, disagreeable odor. This mallein is supplied in small vials of three sizes containing, respect- ively, 1 cubic centimeter, 2 cubic centimeters, and 3 cubic centimeters of mallein. One cubic centimeter is sufficient for testing 10 horses. Each bottle is dated, and the mallein - LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA iP dace is not recommended for use longer than three months after the date on the bottle. Bureau of Animal Industry opthalmic mallein will be furnished by the Livestock Sanitary Board for official tests. The results of the test should be recorded as follows: N=Negative. Eye unchanged. S=Suspicious. Seromucous discharge. P+=Positive. Seromucous discharge with purulent flakes. P++=—Positive. Distinct purulent discharge. | P++-+=—Positive. Purulent discharge with swelling of the eyelids. P++-++=—Positive. Strong purulent discharge with swelling and gluing together of both lids. INSTRUCTIONS FOR FORWARDING BLOOD SERA AND TISSUES FOR EXAMINATION. In forwarding blood sera for the complement-fixation test, four to six ounces of blood should be obtained. The blood must be permitted to coagulate and two or four drams of sera drawn off. The sera should be preserved in a one- half of one per cent solution of carbolic acid. A fresh solution of carbolic acid must at all times be used. An easy way to determine a one-half of one per cent solution is to add one part of a five per cent solution to nine parts of sera. The container must be marked in such a way as to positively identify the sera. It must be given a serial num- ber; also a complete description of the animal, the name of the owner, and the name of the inspector forwarding the sample together with a notation relative to the disease to be * diagnosed. Blood is most easily drawn from the jugular vein but where, for unforseen circumstances, it is difficult to secure the blood from the jugular, sufficient blood may be obtained by incising into the coccygeal vein at the end of the tail. | Tissues for bacteriological and pathological examination where the time en route will not exceed five days should be packed. in borax. The container must be completely filled with borax and tightly sealed. - 118 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA os | Tissues for pathological examination may be forwarded in a tightly sealed container containing a four per cent solution of formaldehyd. Tissues or material forwarded for miscroscopical and innoculation purposes should be forwarded in a tightly sealed container, containing a solution of equal parts of glycerine and boiled water. A Tissues or material forwarded for chemical analysis should be placed in a tightly sealed container without pre- © servative and forwarded immediately. When a preservative is absolutely necessary on account of weather, time to elapse en route, and container at hand, alcohol may be used. Tissues or material suspected or known to contain the infection of Foot and Mouth disease or Anthrax or other — extremely or dangerous infectious contagious disease must be forwarded in containers which are sealed with solder. After being soldered and before being packed the container must be immersed in one of the permitted disinfectants. In every instance complete data giving the description of the animal, the name of the owner, locality, disease sus- pected, character of tissues and name of the inspector for- warding the material, must be attached to the container. In addition to this a letter must be immediately dispatched to ~ the laboratory advising them of the shipment and confirming and supplementing the data attached to the container. Excepting where a chemical analysis is desired of stomach contents it is not necessary to forward a great mass © of material. Small sections only of each organ or tissue in- volved will usually be sufficient. The package in all cases - should be neatly packed and forwarded without delay. i 1 a ee a ee LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 119 LIVE STOCK SANITARY BOARD ORDERS. Order No. 5. ; Regulations Relative to Tuberculosis in Cattle. 1. All tubercular animals, or animals reacting to the tuberculin test, must be segregated immediately. 2. All stables, corrals and barns where tubercular ani- mals are known to have been housed, must be thoroughly disinfected under the personal supervision of an inspector of the Livestock Sanitary Board. This disinfection must take place within five days after registered quarantine notice is given owner, unless special permission is received from the State Veterinary Surgeon. 5 3. No employee or person shall be allowed to handle or milk diseased cattle and thereafter handle or milk healthy | cattle, unless he or she change their clothing and thoroughly wash and cleanse their hands. 4. Unless the owner or person in charge of reacting - animals makes a written request, within ten days after - animal or animals have been quarantined, that he or she desires to employ the Bang System or hold the animals in quarantine for other lawful purposes, all reactors to the tuberculin test shall be ordered destroyed by the State Veterinary Surgeon. 5. At the discretion of the State Veterinary Surgeon, a reasonable time (which time is to be determined by the State Veterinary Surgeon) may be given the owner to con- fine and isolate away from all other animals and quarantine in a suitable place all reactors to the tuberculin test, or cattle known to be diseased with tuberculosis. 6. - No milk or dairy product from a tubercular animal, or an animal that has reacted to the tuberculin test, shall _ be used for human consumption. 7. No milk or dairy product from a tubercular animal, or an animal that-has reacted to the tuberculin test, shall be used for feeding any animal, until after such milk has ‘been properly pasteurized. 8. Any violation of the rules oad regulations of the Livestock Sanitary Board will necessitate the immediate slaughter of all reacting animals. Sept. 23, 1913. 120 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA Order No. 6. Regulations Relative to Dourine in Horses. Regulation No. 1. Whenever the Board, when in session, or the State Veterinary Surgeon, when the Board is not in session, after investigation, determines that an emergency exists in any part of the State demanding the same, it or he may direct and proceed at once to seize and immediately castrate any stud found running at large contrary to law, without holding the same for five days or for any time. Regulation No. 2. The State Veterinary Surgeon be, and is hereby author- ized to gather all studs found running at large on the open ‘range in violation of law, and to castrate them, and, if found diseased, to castrate or destroy them, the expense thereof to be borne by the owner of such studs. Regulation No. 3. All owners of stallions or mares, shall, when jeune to do so by the State Veterinary Surgeon or his deputy gather all their stallions and mares and-have them at a given place on a date named by the State Veterinary Surgeon or his deputy, for the purpose of having the same tested or ex- amined. Regulation No. 4. No animal shall be bred in any restricted district until stallions have been tested and found free from disease, and no mare that has been exposed to dourine shall be bred until she has been blood tested and released. Regulation No. 5. Whenever it shall be determined necessary by the State Veterinary Surgeon or his deputy, all owners of animals tested for dourine shall immediately brand such animals with a number so as to identify same, with the number on such part of such animal as may be determined by the State Veterinary Surgeon or his deputy. Regulation No. 6. Any animal reacting to.the blood test for dourine wea be immediately branded by the owner with a ‘‘q’’ on the left jaw. All mares afflicted with dourine shall be destroyed — and all stallions shall either be destroyed or castrated subject to the approval of the State Veterinary Surgeon. No animal so castrated shall be released from quarantine within a period — LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 121 of six weeks, and no animal afflicted with dourine shall be allowed to run on the open range. ‘ed 14, 1913. Order No. 7. itt ars Governing Tuberculin Reactors Held in Quarantine. 1. Owner or agent in charge must file with the State Veterinary Surgeon a written request for permission to hold tuberculin reactors in quarantine. 2. Owner or agent in charge must file with State Veterinary Surgeon a list containing names and description of all cattle held in quarantine. 3. Owner or agent in charge must report in writing the death or disposal of any animals quarantined. 4. When the “Bang” or other system, of breeding out tuberculin reactors is employed, the owner or agent in charge must within thirty days report in writing to the State Veter- inary Surgeon all animals bred to.a tuberculin reactor, and all animals so bred must be held in quarantine until tuberculin tested and released by the State Veterinary Surgeon. All calves sired or calved by a tuberculin reactor must likewise be held in quarantine and tuberculin tested before being released. 5. When the “Bang” or other system of breeding out tuberculin reactors is employed, the expense of tuberculin testing shall be borne by the Live Stock Sanitary Board, pro- vided the services of a deputy state veterinary surgeon for such tuberculin test are not necessary or requested oftener than once in every six months; and provided further, that animals so quarantined shall have been in the State of Mon- tana one hundred and eighty days or more previous to their reacting to the tuberculin test. Where the services of a deputy state veterinary’ surgeon are necessary or requested _ oftener than once every six months for testing any or all of a quarantined herd, and where animals have not been in the State of Montana one hundred and eighty days or more previous to their reacting to the tuberculin test, then the owner must pay all necessary expenses pene to such test. October 1, 1914. 122 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA Order No. 8. Regulations Governing the Sale, Distribution and Use of Anti-Hog Cholera Serum, also the Sale, Distribution and Use of Serum and Virus within the State of Montana. 1. All anti-hog cholera serum sold within the State or imported into the State of Montana for sale, distribution or use, Shall be produced under a license issued by the United | States Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of Agricul- ture. (a) The use of anti-hog cholera SERUM is not re- stricted in any way. . 2. The sale, distribution or use of VIRUS shall be pro- © hibited except under the following conditions, to-wit: 3 (a) All VIRUS used for immunizing hogs against. cholera shall be administered by veterinarians who are graduates of recognized veterinary colleges, or by owners to whom a permit will be issued by the State Veterinary Surgeon upon being furnished with proof of the fact that such owners are qualified to administer VIRUS without danger of spreading the contagion of hog cholera. In all cases the use of VIRUS by laymen shall be limited to hogs owned by the person to whom permit is granted. (b) No VIRUS shall be shipped into the State or sold or distributed within the State of Montana unless consigned, sold or distributed to a licensed graduate veterinarian or owner holding permit from the State Veterinary Surgeon. (c) All hogs subjected to the simultaneous method of immunization, together with all yards, corrals, sheds or feed lots to which said hogs have access (which yards, corrals, sheds or feed lots must not be adjoining a public high- — way) must be quarantined for a period of not less than thirty days. Conspicuous notice of quarantine shall be posted upon said premises in the form of a placard bearing . the words “HOG CHOLERA HERE” in letters not less than 214 inches in size. | (d) All hogs subjected to the simultaneous method of immunization must be dipped.in one of the standard recog- nized dips before being released from quarantine, and all _ yards, corrals, sheds or feed lots to which said hogs have had access must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Dip- ping of hogs, cleaning and disinfecting of yards, corrals, — \ LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 123 sheds or feed lots must be done under the supervision of a representative of the Live Stock Sanitary Board. | 3. Veterinarians and licensed owners administrating SERUM and VIRUS shall immediately render full reports to the State Veterinary Surgeon, giving names and addresses of owners and number of hogs treated. October 1, 1914. Order No. 10. Official Tuberculin Tests. 1. In the subcutaneous tuberculin test not less than three ante-temperatures at intervals of not more than four hours and not less than two hours, and not less than four post-temperatures beginning at not less than six hours and not more than ten hours after injection, at intervals of not less than two hours and not more than three hours, must be taken by the deputy state veterinary surgeon making the test. In all tests the taking of post temperatures must be carried out until the twentieth hour, at which time, if there is no tendency for the temperature to rise, the test may cease. 3 _2. The intra-dermal test is hereby adopted as an of- ficial test for tuberculosis in cattle. In the intra-dermal tuberculin test the injection must be made in the caudal folds or some such suitable place. The. injection must be made intra-dermally. The post-inspection should be made between the sixtieth and seventy-second hour. hour. | September 24, 1916. Order No. 11. Certificates from Illinois. The order issued January 22, 1912, by the Montana © Live Stock Sanitary Board prohibiting the importation of live stock into the State of Montana from the State of Illinois, unless accompanied by a certificate issued by a veterinary inspector in the employ of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, is hereby recinded. On and after October 1, 1914, the Live Stock Sanitary Board of Montana will accept shipments from Illinois ac- companied by either Federal certificates or certificates © issued by recognized veterinarians indorsed and approved by the Live Stock Sanitary Board of Illinois. 124 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA Order No. 12. Ft. Belknap Quarantine. It having been brought to the attention of the Live Stock Sanitary Board that dourine exists on the Fort Belknap Reservation in the State of Montana: NOW, THEREFORE, by order of the Live Stock Sani- tary Board of the State of Montana the territory known as the Fort Belknap Reservation in the State of Montana is hereby quarantined on account of dourine. It is further ordered that no mares or stallions of any description shall be shipped out of the Fort Belknap Reserva- tion until they have been blood tested for dourine and passed by either a representative of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry or the. Live Stock Sanitary Board of Montana. This order does not seule: the movement of live stock other than mares and stallions. ganuary 15, 1915. Order No. 13. Prohibiting Importation of Virus. By order of the Montana Live Stock Sanitary Board hog cholera VIRUS shall not be imported into the State of Montana or sold, used, or given away, within the State of Montana, unless upon written permit issued by the State Veterinary Surgeon at Helena, Montana. Hogs within the State of Montana, shall not be double vaccinated unless upon written permit issued by the State Veterinary Surgeon at Helena, Montana, and under the personal supervision of a representative of the Monee Live Stock Sanitary Board. The use of hog cholera SERUM is not restricted ‘ this order, but all hog cholera SERUM imported into, sold, used, or given away within the State of Montana, must be manufactured under a license issued by the United States Bureau of Animal Industry. ; September 28, 1915. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 125 Order No. 16. Certificates Accompanying Shipments of Cattle from Wis- consin and New York. In accordance with Section 1888, Revised Codes of Mon- tana, 1907, the following regulation is hereby established by the Live Stock Sanitary Board, to govern the admission into the State of Montana, of cattle that originate in the States of Wisconsin and New York. All cattle of any class that originate in the State of Wisconsin or New York destined to the State of Montana must be accompanied by a certificate of health issued by a veterinary inspector of. the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, the inspection to be made in accordance with the regulations of the Live Stock Sanitary Board and the Laws of Montana. ) All cattle not accompanied by a certificate of health issued by a veterinary inspector of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry must be held at the state line and be inspected by an inspector of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry or an agent of the State Live Stock Sani- tary Board, the expenses of said inspection to be paid by the owner of the stock. This regulation to take effect July 15, 1915. Order No. 17. Tuberculin Test of Cattle at State Fair. IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that all cattle exhibited, offered -for sale, or in any way using the Montana State Fair premises during the progress of the annual State Fair, must have passed a satisfactory tuberculin test not more> than one year previous to their being exhibited. Official tuberculin test will be made free of charge upon application to the State Veterinary Surgeon at Helena, Mon- tana. September 27, 1915. Order No. 18. Certificates from South Dakota. Order No. 3, issued September 23, 1913, prohibiting the importation of live stock into the State of Montana from the State of South Dakota unless accompanied by a _ certificate issued by a Veterinary Inspector of the United 126 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA States Bureau of Animal Industry or a veterinarian ap- proved by the United States Bureau of Animal Industry for Canadian mallein testing, is hereby rescinded. On and after March 20, 1916, the Live Stock Sanitary Board of Montana will accept shipments of live stock from South Dakota accompanied by either a Federal certificate or a certificate issued by an officially certified graduate veterinarian of South Dakota. March 15, 1916. Order No. 20. Regulation Providing for the Admission of Cattle from Official Accredited Tuberculous Free Herds: IT IS HEREBY ORDERED by the Live Stock Sanitary Board of Montana that all cattle from official accredited tuberculous free herds may be shipped into the State of Mon- tana without a tuberculin test chart. PROVIDED the shipment is accompanied by a state- ment from the live stock sanitary board, or United States Bureau of Animal Industry, and owner or agent of cattle, that they are from an official accredited tuberculous free herd and are free from symptoms of any contagious in- fectious disease and | PROVIDED FURTHER that they have been tuberculin | tested not longer than nine (9) months previous to date of shipment. | | June 7, 1916. : Order No. 25. Regulations Governing the Importation of Live Stock and © Dogs into the State of Montana. In Compliance with Chap. 157 Session Laws 1917. Horses—Mules—Asses. Health certificates including mallein test. Horses, mules and asses may be shipped in without inspection to quarantine yards at Miles City, Dillon or Billings, provided the waybills . bear the notation “CONSIGNED TO QUARANTINE YARDS pA aa oe eo ales _.........MONTANA.” Animals so shipped will be inspected and tested at owner’s expense by a repre- sentative of the Montana Live Stock Sanitary Board before released from quarantine yards. Wild, unbroken range (but not pasture) horses, mules or asses may be shipped into. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 127 Montana on a clinical health certificate providing each in- dividual animal is given a clinical chute inspection. Animals for temporary racing, exhibition or speed pur- poses may be shipped in on clinical health certificate. Stallions or Jacks. In addition to mallein test a certificate of soundness, original of which must accompany shipment, a copy mailed to Stallion Registration Board at Bozeman, Montana, at least ten days before the importation of stallion or jack into the State. No stallion or jack which is neither pure bred nor grade shall be imported into the State of Montana for breed- ing purposes. A “grade” is defined as an animal whose sire or dam, but not both, is a registered pure bred animal. Cattle. All cattle over six months of age (breeding cattle, spayed heifers and steers) brought into the State of Mon- tana must be accompanied by a tuberculin test chart issued by an officially certified graduate veterinarian. EXCEPTING that strictly range cattle shipped directly _from the range sections of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming, North and South Dakota west of the Missouri River, Kansas and Nebras- ka west of the 100th Meridian, Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia need not be accompanied by a tuberculin test chart but must be accompanied by a clinical health cer- tificate issued by an officially certified graduate veterinarian. All bulls from any state or territory, Canada or Mexico must be accompanied by an official tuberculin test chart. All pure bred cattle shipped into the State of Montana from other than FEDERAL OR STATE OFFICIALLY AC- CREDITED TUBERCULOSIS FREE HERDS must be ship- ped into quarantine and held for an official tuberculin retest not less than sixty days after their arrival. This retest will be made free of charge. : Cattle from a public sale yard, with the exception of range cattle certified by the Federal Inspector in Charge as coming - directly from the above designated range sections, must be accompanied by a Federal tuberculin test chart. 128 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA Cattle, with the exception of cattle from FEDERAL OR STATE OFFICIALLY ACCREDITED TUBERCULOSIS FREE HERDS, from New York and Wisconsin must be ac- companied by a Federal tuberculin test chart. Cattle from FEDERAL OR STATE OFFICIALLY AC-. CREDITED TUBERCULOSIS FREE HERDS may be shipped into Montana without a tuberculin test chart when accom- panied by a statement from the Live Stock Sanitary Board or United States Bureau of Animal Industry, and owner or agent of cattle, that the cattle shipped are from an officially accredited tuberculosis free herd which has been tested not longer than nine (9) months previous to date of shipment, and are free from symptoms of any infectious-contagious disease. Calves from other than strictly range cows from above : excepted area must be accompanied by an official clinical health certificate stating that they are from cows which have been tuberculin tested and found free from tuberculosis. Cattle for immediate slaughter (NOT LONGER THAN SEVEN DAWS AFTER ARRIVAL AT DESTINATION) may be shipped into Montana without a health certificate if ac- companied by a statement from owner or agent that animals are for immediate slaughter and will be slaughtered within seven days after arrival at destination. Hogs. Hogs for breeding or feeding purposes mie be ac- companied by a clinical health certificate stating the animals do not come from a public stock yard or a district in which hog cholera has existed during the past six months, and pro- vided the animals have not been double vaccinated, or at — least ninety days have elapsed since they were double vac- cinated. Hogs may be shipped from a district where hog cholera has existed during the past six months provided they are shipped not earlier than thirty days and not later than sixty days after receiving the single vaccination and, provided further, that they have been kept since vaccination on a premise or farm on which hog cholera has not existed for s the past six months. ! LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 129 Hogs for Slaughter. Health certificate. Hogs for Exhibition. All swine to be exhibited in Montana at state or county _ fairs must be accompanied by a certificate showing they have been immunized by the single vaccination not less than fifteen days and not more than sixty prior to their shipment or double vaccinated not less than ninety days previous to their shipment. All hogs shipped into Montana must be loaded through cleaned and disinfected pens and chutes into disinfected cars and must not be unloaded in any public stock yard unless stock yard has been specially disinfected for that purpose. Sheep. _ Health certificate and shipped in disinfected cars. Sheep for grazing purposes, or feeding, must be inspected upon their arrival at railroad destination in Montana by a Mon- tana Inspector, and quarantined for ninety days on land owned, leased, or controlled by the owner of the sheep. Bucks and ewes for dissemination to other bands for breed- -ing purposes shall be dipped twice with an interval of ten days under the supervision of a Montana Inspector and quarantined for at least ninety days on land owned, leased or controlled by. the owner. In all sheep shipments five days notice must be given the State Veterinary Surgeon’s office at Helena before the arrival of the sheep in Montana. Inspection and supervision of dipping free of charge. | Disinfection of Cars. Disinfection of cars does not apply to box-cars which have not been previously used for stock shipments. | Dogs. All dogs originating in any state or territory of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Dominion of Canada or the Republic of Mexico must be accompanied by a statement from, the state or government health officer, or the state veterinarian, that rabies has not existed for the past nine months within a radius of fifty miles of origin of the shipment and also by a statement from the owner or agent of the anima! that the dog or dogs are to the best of ( 130 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA -his knowledge free from disease and have since birth, or during the past nine months been at all times within the radius designated by the official health officer or state veterinarian. A copy of these statements must be forwarded to the State Veterinary Surgeon at Helena, Montana. Dogs which cannot comply with this regulation must be accompanied by a permit from the State Veterinary Surgeon at Helena, Montana. This regulation does not apply to performing animals for temporary stay in Montana. Hog Cholera Serum. All anti-hog-cholera serum sold within the State of Mon- tana, or imported into the State for sale, distribution or use, shall be produced under license granted by the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Industry. Hog Cholera Virus. All serum manufacturers are hereby prohibited from shipping any virulent blood or hog cholera virus into the State of Montana, unless written permission to do so is granted by the State Veterinary Surgeon. Certificates. . Health certificates and test charts are good for thirty days. The original certificate must accompany shipment to its destination and duplicate immediately forwarded by the veterinarian making the inspection or test to the State Veterinary Surgeon, Helena, Montana. | . Who May Inspect. Federal, State, Graduate Deputy State Veterinarians or Graduate veterinarians approved by their State Veterinarian or Live Stock Sanitary Board. This Order to take effect May 1, 1917. : ORDER NO. 26. Serrement for the Tuberculin Testing of Herds of Pure-Bred Cattle. WHEREAS, the Montana Live Stock Sanitary Board, for the purpose of improving the pure-bred dairy and beef breeds of cattle in Montana, encouraging recognition of the im- portance of maintaining herds of such cattle free from tuber- culosis, and promoting the interchange of healthy pure-bred cattle, proposes, so far as available funds permit, to co- LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 131 operate with the breeders of pure-bred cattle by assisting - them to eradicate tuberculosis from their herds and main- tain them free from that disease. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of receiving as- sistance from the said Live Stock Sanitary Board along the aes and forthe purpose: specified, Ij. oo (Name of Owner) FUER as 0 ie ele Sie ly oy owner of the herd:-of cattle (Postoffice Address) SRMeUM GA (Uae eae ae en se a te A (Breed and number over six months old) rene eee Vin hai ie rie AL Mey Eo do hereby agree (Breed and number under six months old) to cooperate with the said Board upon the following terms: I will permit my entire herd, or any cattle of my herd, to be tuberculin tested or retested at such times as are con- © sidered necessary by the Live Stock Sanitary Board. I will not present any cattle for the tuberculin test which have been injected with tuberculin within two months im- mediately preceding, or which have at any time reacted to a tuberculin test. I will present, prior to each test, to the inspector of said Board, certificates of registration for each pure bred and registered animal offered by me to the tuberculin test, such certificates to be accepted as, identification of the animals offered. Any grade females maintained in the herd, or associated with animals of the herd, must be identified by a tag or other marking satisfactory to the Live Stock Sanitary Board. I will report promptly to the said Live Stock Sanitary Board every transfer of cattle from my herd, giving the identification of the animal and the name and address of the person to whom transfered. I will cause all animals which show evidence of tuber- culosis of the udder or superficial glands, progressive loss of - condition or emaciation ,or other visible evidence of tuber- culosis, to be promptly slaughtered under the United States or Montana meat-inspection regulations, and I will cause the carcasses of said animals to be disposed of according to the - meat-inspection regulation of the live Stock Sanitary Board, based upon the lesions found upon post-mortem inspection. 132 LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA I will cause all animals which react to the tuberculin test, but which show no other evidence of tuberculosis, to be salughtered and disposed of as herein provided for animals which show also other evidence of tuberculosis, or I will cause such animals to be removed from the herd and portion of the farm upon which the healthly animals of the herd are maintained to a location approved by the Live Stock Sanitary Board, and I will cause such animals to be main- tained in such form of quarantine as may be directed by the ~ Live Stock Sanitary Board. It is agreed that quarantine reacting bulls may be used for breeding, provided they are held upon the staff, their sectual organs properly disinfected, and the cow restrained by some suitable method so as not unnecessarily to be exposed to tuberculosis from the bull or infected premises. I will not permit the slaughter of any tuberculous ‘ animals as indicated by physical examination or tuberculin test, except at a time and place approved by the Live Stock Sanitary Board. ; I will cause, in all cases where the milk or milk products from quarantined reacting cows are to be used for any food purposes whatever, the said milk or products to be first sub- mitted to pasteurization at not less than 140° F. for not less than 30 minutes, or to the point of active boiling; but I will not sell such milk or products in violation of any State, city, or other legislation. I will cause the calves from quarantined reacting cows to be removed from their mothers at birth, to be main- tained upon premises free from infection with tuberculosis, and to be fed upon the milk of cows which have passed a | satisfactory tuberculin test or upon the pasteurized or boiled milk of tuberculin reactors. I will allow no cattle to be associated with my herd which . have not passed a tuberculin test approved by the Live Stock Sanitary Board. I will keep all new cattle separated from my herd pending the approval of the tuberculin test or the . application of a tuberculin test by an inspector of the Live Stock Sanitary Board. I will notify the Live Stock Sanitary Board immediately, giving details of the identification char- acteristics and records of tuberculin test of any cattle which may be added to my herd. f be etme ey) LIVE STOCK SANTARY LAWS OF MONTANA 133 I will surrender any premises contaminated by tuber- culous animals, as indicated by a physical examination or a tuberculin test, to a thorough cleaning and disinfection, at my expense, under the direction or supervision of the Live Stock Sanitary Board. I will comply with all reasonable sanitary measures and other recommendations by the Live Stock Sanitary Board for the control of tuberculosis. Violation of the letter or spirit of this agreement by me shall be considered sufficient cause for the immediate can- cellation of this agreement and the withdrawal of coopera- tion by the Live Stock Sanitary Board. | IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have signed this agreement CIOS Se ee) ie aeed arse eameee Gan Garam a. i es , one thousand Owner of the. 22. herd. INOUECSC RS So Rigger re os Order No. 27. Official Charges for Interstate Inspections. The following official charges for interstate inspection of livestock have been adopted by the Livestock Sanitary Board: Sheep, physical inspection, $8.00 per day and expenses. Cattle, physical inspection, $8.00 per day and expenses. Swine, physical inspection, $8.00 per day and expenses. (If inspection is made in resident city of veterinarian making inspection, three cars or under shall be classified as one-half day.) SWINE, immunization, $ .25 per head. Owner to furnish . serum, help, and incidental materials. HORSES, physical inspection, $2.50 per car and ex- penses. (Minimum charge $5.00.) 134 LIVE STOCK SANTARY LAWS OF MONTANA HORSES, Mallein testing: When test is made in locality other nee resident city of veterinarian conducting test, $1.00 per head and all necessary expenses with a minimum chahty of $15.00. When test is made in resident city of veterinarian conducting the test, the charge will be $1.00 per head and expenses with a minimum. charge of $5. Ue TUBERCULIN TESTING: The charge for tuberculin testing will be the same as for mallein testing. Mallein and Tuberculin testing in mixed shipments will be charged for as one test. When two or more inspections are sre at different: points in one day, two days may be charged. Disinfecting stock cars: $8.00 per diem and expenses. Helena, Montana, July 5, 1917. LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA 135 Order No. 28. Brands Owned by the Live Stock Sanitary Board; Use for Each Brand: Cattle, on left side of neck. ae on left side of nose. To be used for any acute contagious disease not covered by brands given below. and clinical cases of dourine. Horses on right jaw. For reactors to mallein El Horses, on left jaw. For reactors to the blood test for dourine . test and clinical cases of glanders. Cattle, on right jaw. For reactors to tuber- culin test and clinical cases of tuberculosis. Red Paint brand for sheep on right side. To be used on sheep quarantined for any _ purpose. \ Helena, Montana, July 5, 1917. 136 - LIVE STOCK SANITARY LAWS OF MONTANA - Order No. 29. Marking Animals for Identification. In tuberculin testing cattle, each animal must be marked in such a way as to be identified without doubt at the time the post temperatures are taken, or the post observation made. Either metal tags or sheep paint—preferably blue 7 color—must be used in identifying animals. = Ge a In testing horses for any disease the animals must be identified by branding, painting or the use of a metal tag,- or minute description. Helena, Montana, July 5, 1917. Order No. 30. Official Accredited Tuberculous Free Herds. ; IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that to be eligible for classi- fication as an Official Accredited Tuberculous Free Herd, the animals in the herd must have passed three (3) semi- annual or two (2) annual negative official tuberculin tests. Dated at Helena, Montana, July fifth, 1917. mee NM a Te Wy VY) Lu o~ © z co