28.922 L 594 TO MODERNIZE YOUR FARM YOUR BARN C ) I ) LOUDEN BARN PLANS PUBLISHED BY THE LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUELPH, ONT. PRICE, $1.00 Copyrighted by the LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY 1915 "Tobacco River Ranch" owned by W. C. Cornwall, Clare, Michigan. This dairy ba.n was designed by the Louden Architectural Department and equipped with Cow Stalls, (Fig. 812) Maternity Pens, Calf Pens, and Bull Pen, Emanci pator Litter Carrier, Double End Feed Carrier, etc. Mr. Cornwell of Michigan s progressive dairymen and is giving special attention breeding pure bred stock. I QUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY FOREWORD This book is published with the view of aiding the farmer and dairyman in building his barns so they will properly and economically answer the purpose for which they are intended. Our Architectural Department was established for the purpose of assisting our customers in not only planning barns that will meet all their requirements in the most economical construction, but also to assist them in solving all other problems that come up, such as proper lighting, heating, ventilating, drainage, disposal of manure, and other sanitary and hygienic problems, as well as proper protection against weather exposure and fire risk. The department is conducted by men of wide experience who are competent to handle all kinds of farm building construction, and they will combine utility and sanitation together with economy and strength. Our landscape architect can so arrange the farm buildings of any large estate that they will harmonize with their surroundings, and be in harmony with one another. Your farm buildings can display individuality and good architectural design, and at the same time be practical, modern and convenient, separately and collectively. All the plans shown in this book are our own original designs, produced by our Architectural Department. Some of them have been copied from our illustrations and published in other books and periodicals. A complete index will be found on page 112. These plans represent the practical results from ideas mostly originated by farmers and dairymen, but are worked out in detail by our expert dairy architects to meet the climatic conditions and other requirements of individual cases. Let Us Help You Plan Your Barn Whenever you build a barn or any other kind of building, you build for a definite purpose ; this definite purpose should be kept in mind from the start to the finish. Whether it be for properly housing and caring for live stock, for the storage of feed and farm implements, for preparing products for market, or for a combination of some of these, no matter what the purpose may be, it should be built with the correct amount of floor space for each purpose, the total of which will determine the size of the building. This rule seems very simple, but sometimes becomes very complicated when the question of economical construction is taken into consideration. For example, a barn 40 feet square would have a floor area of 1 ,600 square feet, and may be of the correct size and meet all the requirements for which it is intended. At the same time it may be found after careful calculation that a building 32x50 feet, which has the same floor area, will also meet the same requirements, and may cost less on account of not requiring so heavy construction for a 32-foot span as would be necessary for a 40-foot span. This is where the practical builder and trained architect, who is thoroughly versed in the requirements of modern farm buildings, can be of great service to the-farmer and dairyman. Page Three LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY G UELPH, ONTARIO Write Us About Your Building Problems Through the large number of inquiries received and designs worked out, this depart ment becomes an exchange of ideas about farm buildings. New ideas about construction and arrangement are received every day, and new plans developed to suit individual needs. Modern Barn Requirements Each barn should be an individual study, and its construction, size and arrangement should represent the results of a systematic analysis of the kind of barn needed. It should be of such a size as will comfortably and economically hold the live stock, feed, bedding, and all articles that it is to contain. The construction should be so that it will resist the weather and be permanent. It should be as fire-resisting as the financial invest ment will admit. It should be free of all unnecessary posts and other structural members that would interfere with the convenient and economical handling of materials, stock, products and by-products. Make The Cows Comfortable Cow comfort receives much attention, because practical tests have demonstrated that an improvement giving comfort and making the cows contented is a good investment. Too much thought and study can not be given to the construction, arrangement and equipment of the barn for the comfort and profit of the herd. Good Ideas From Practical Men These plans are not submitted to the reader as designs that will be just what he ought to have to obtain the best possible returns from his farm, but they will meet most of the general requirements for various capacities, uses and climates. They are selected from among the last 2,000 plans drawn by our architects. Construction We will not attempt to go into detail and give the methods of construction best for certain purposes, as this would require more pages than this entire book contains, but we desire to call attention to some facts that may be of general interest. Concrete and metal are now used where materials are subject to decay from moisture and from weather conditions. Hollow tile are becoming very popular for walls, because they resist fire and insulate against heat and cold. Lumber is used for those parts least affected by accumulation of moisture, as it costs less and will serve the purpose. Section of Louden Cow Sta Page Four -* * T OUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUELPH, ONTARIO Sheet metal, such as corrugated galvanized iron, is much used where light construction and fire resistance from the exterior are desired, and for light roof construction for hay sheds, shelter sheds, implement sheds, etc. Use Plenty of Windows Sunshine is the world s best and cheapest disinfectant, and therefore the more windows you place in the walls of the dairy barn the better. It is impossible to get too much light in a barn for any kind of live stock. Some argue that it is hard to keep out flies if the barn is not dark. Put shades on the windows to pull down when the stock is let out, keep the barn clean, and locate the manure pit 100 feet from the barn, and the flies will not bother you. In extremely cold climates it is well to use double glazed sash, or put on extra storm sash in winter. The windows should be so constructed that when open the draft will not blow directly on the cows or permit rain, sleet or snow to blow in. Save Labor /- LOUDEN VCNT/LACr/MG. Farmers realize the value of labor-saving devices because of the shortage of help. Locate the silo where it will be convenient for feeding as well as filling. Locate the feed fl_Jt bins where they can be reached Typical Plan of Dairy Barn w i tn tne least number of Steps, and locate the manure pit where you will not have to push the load up hill, if it can be avoided. Properly handle feed and manure by using improved methods and labor- saving appliances, and you will greatly increase the earning capacity of your dairy. The barn must be convenient for your help, as well as comfortable for your cows. It should be sanitary, and so equipped that no labor is lost in cleaning or feeding. It might be built according to one or a dozen plans, and fitted with this or that ventilating system, but the principles of each are the same and should combine convenience and comfort with sanitation, strength and durability. Write us for any information you need that is not covered in this book. Any ideas that we have gained through our 48 years of barn specializing experience are yours. Our Agricultural-Architecture department offers the opportunity for expert and impartial advice and assistance on all important farm and farm building operations. We can furnish a man of acknowledged ability to visit you and consult with you upon any subject relating to the betterment of the farm, whether your desire is to increase the efficiency of an old farm and its buildings, or to estab lish a newly acquired estate upon a modern basis. The choice of a property is often difficult for the inexperienced. An expert opinion on the worth and adaptability of land is a part of our service. The fees for this special service are very reasonable. AGRICULTURAL-ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY. Page Five LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR BARN CONSTRUCTION Concrete Materials Concrete is ordinarily composed of cement, sand, gravel or crushed stone and water. The selection of these materials is largely dependent on local conditions, and while no unalterable rule can be laid down in regard to it, certain general conditions may serve as a guide to the inexperienced. Cement Portland cement of the best quality should be used. It must be carefully protected when stored. If the cement gets damp it becomes lumpy. The presence of a few lumps in a sack of cement does not spoil the whole sack, but the cement should be screened and the lumps rejected, if they are too hard to crumble between the fingers easily. If the cement is properly stored it will keep indefi nitely, but the sacks should never be piled on the ground nor on a damp floor. Unless the cement can be piled on a dry floor a temporary platform should be provided. Sand, Stone and Gravel The sand and broken stone or gravel are called the "aggregate." Generally speaking the particles which pass through a sieve having a J^t-mch mesh are considered "sand" while those larger than 1 i-mch are called "gravel." A fine material from crushed stone and known as "stone screenings" is sometimes used as a substitute for sand. Theo retically such a material is good, but, as usually obtained, the screenings contain an excessive amount of stone dust which makes the material unsuitable for concrete unless the dust and very fine particles are screened out. Sand and gravel are probably the most popular materials because they are frequently found in nature in a condition practically ready for use and may be secured at little cost. The sand should be clean. An idea of its cleanli ness may be obtained by shaking some of it with water in a glass jar, and if there is a decided muddi- ness it is evident that the sand is too dirty to use in its original condition. The sand can be cleaned by stirring it in a tank with two or three changes of water, or by spreading it in a thin layer and washing it with a hose. Preference should be given to sand containing a mixture of coarse and fine grains. Extremely fine sand does not make a strong mortar. If it is the only sand at hand, get a coarse material and mix with it. Either crushed stone or clean gravel is suitable for the coarse material. It is chiefly a question of which can be obtained at the least cost. Good concrete cannot be made with flat stones, especially if they are soft and shaly. Neither are long, splintery stones suitable. Stone which disintegrates upon exposure to the weather, or that which has a chalky surface, will not make strong and satisfac tory cement. Proportions The quantities of all the materials used in making mortar or concrete should be measured accurately. Never use sand and gravel mixed as they occur in nature, but provide a screen and separate the material into sand and gravel and remix them in definite proportions. The reason for this is that the natural deposit almost invariably con tains a great deal more sand in proportion to the gravel than should be permitted. Mixing Concrete To make good mortar of concrete it is neces sary to have every particle of sand covered with cement, and every particle of gravel or crushed stone covered with the cement-sand mortar. The mixing is quite as important as any other part of the process of making the concrete. The equipment for mixing concrete by hand should be a tight platform about 7 ft.x!2 ft., square-pointed shovels, a mortar hoe, steel-body wheelbarrow, sand screen, mortar box, water barrels, buckets, and a measur ing box holding four cubic feet. A well-made mixing platform should be a part of the regular equipment of a farm, and it will be cheaper to build a good one at the outset than to waste time and money in constructing and using temporary ones. Such a platform can be built as follows: using 2-inch lumber, nailed upon three 4x4-inch stringers rounded at the ends. The out side stringers project a little at both ends of the platform and are bored for clevis irons, so that the platform may be readily dragged about the farm. To make this platform requires the following: Bill of Lumber 12 pieces 2 in. x 12 in. x 7 ft. dressed on one side and two edges. 2 pieces 2 in. x 2 in. x 12 ft. dressed on one side and two edges. 2 pieces 4 in. x 4 in. x 13 ft. rough. I piece 4 in. x 4 in. x 12 ft. rough. The reason for specifying dressed lumber is to Page Six I OUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY G UELPH. ONTARIO provide a smooth and tight platform which will reduce the work of shoveling. Workmanship and Quality In preparing to mix a batch of concrete, the materials should be carefully measured and not guessed at. First spread the sand in a thin layer over a portion of the platform. Then empty the cement on top of the sand and mix both together dry, continuing the turning until the color is uni form and without streaks of sand or cement. After the cement-sand mixture has thus been turned at least twice, spread it into a thin layer and dump upon it the gravel which has been previously measured. The mixing is then repeated until the gravel is thoroughly distributed throughout the mass; this will require turning the batch at least three times. Make a trough in the center and pour into it nearly as much water as is required. A medium wet mixture of I -2\ :5 concrete will re quire for a one-sack batch about seven gallons of water. The whole mass must now be thoroughly mixed, or until every particle of gravel is covered with the cement-sand mortar. When the mixing is completed, the concrete should be left in a long compact pile, so as to protect it from rapidly drying out. Everything should be in readiness so that the concrete can be placed with the least possible delay. The quality of the concrete depends largely upon the amount of water in the mixture, a wet mixture giving better results than a dry one. In fact, a dry mixture is not capable of developing all the strength of the cement. Dry mixtures are frequently used in making cement products, but the practice is a bad one and should be avoided whenever possible. Write for circular of our Champion mixer. Foundation Walls The foundation walls below the ground, the lower story walls from the ground up to the window- sills, and the ground floor, should be built of concrete. It would be well to build the entire outside walls of the first story out of concrete, hollow tile or brick, but if this is found to be too expensive the concrete should be run at least 1 2 inches above the lower floor and 18 inches above the ground, so that all danger from moisture rotting the bottom of the wood construction will be avoided. A concrete foundation should extend down deep enough to avoid all danger of frost, and down to permanent moisture of the ground in climates where alternate wet and dry seasons occur. The base or footing should be not less than 2 feet thick, and the wall may taper to a thickness of 1 foot at the surface of the ground. For frame barns built on level ground the concrete foundation above ground should be 18 inches high, and at least 8 inches thick. If the concrete floor is laid on top of the ground (after sod and loose dirt are removed) its surface should extend about 6 inches above the exterior grade to prevent storm water from running into the barn, and the concrete wall should extend 12 inches above the floor, which will make it about 18 inches above the outside ground surface. Concrete Floors The concrete floor in a room which is to contain live stock should never be lower than the ground level at the door where they enter the room, so that it be necessary for the stock to step down to the floor in place of up to the floor level in entering the barn. Many a good animal has been crippled by stepping down over a door-sill and slipping when her feet struck the smooth floor at a lower elevation. A concrete approach on the outside of the barn leading from the ground level up to the floor level at each doorway will not only prevent stock from stumbling, but will prevent considerable dirt from being tracked into the barn, and will make trucking or driving into the barn much easier. The surface of approaches should be ribbed. Cost The cost of concrete construction in most cases will run from 20 to 30 cents per cubic foot. To give an example of cost of a concrete foundation wall for a frame barn, the foundation wall as shown in the sectional view on page 12 requires a little less than 4 cubic feet of concrete for every foot of its length, and is estimated to cost $1.00 per running foot. If a mixture that is composed of one part cement, two parts sand and four parts gravel (by volume) is used, it would require 1 barrel of cement, -, r cubic yard of sand, and -J- cubic yard of gravel per running foot. This estimated price covers the cost of forms and all false work that is required for its installa tion, and makes the most economical foundation that can be installed. LOUDEN MACHINERY CO., Gentlemen: I think your equipment throughout is the best I have ever seen. I do a great deal of traveling about and have examined a great many different stables, but have never seen one I like as well as my own. I am so well pleased with it that 1 am going to get equipment for another stable this fall. I also think your firm is as good as any I have ever dealt with in any line. Yours truly, (Signed) J. M. MOUNT. DAMASCUS. MD. Page Seven LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY APPROACH Locating the Floor Levels 2-2- -J, 3-f," Fig. 1076. Locating the floor levels is one of the most important things in the equipment of a Dairy Barn. It is im portant not only in getting the proper drainage of the mangers and gutters, but f._/rrn ALLS r LEVEL \ " fe Fig. 1079. STALL FLOOR Fig. 1081. L/rreff x,v/.- . Fig. 1080. also in getting the proper grades of the floors to make them correspond with the outside approaches. The diagrams, Figs. 1075 and 1076, are sections of half a stable floor with the cows "headed in," and Figs. 1077 and 1078 are the same with the cows "headed out." They represent four different kinds of mangers and four different kinds of gutters, but there is one point in which they are all alike. All the litter alley floors on which the cows must travel to and from the stalls are practically on a level with the door sills over which the cows must pass. They should have a little slope toward the gutter so that water will drain into it but otherwise should be level. This is the key in getting the floor levels. As will be seen by the diagrams, the stall floors vary from 5 to 8 inches in height above the litter alley floors, according to the style of gutter used, but the litter alley floors are always to be practically on a level with the stable door sill. It is all right to have a short drop on the outside of the sill, as shown by Figs. 1075 and 1076, to keep the rain from beating in, (one or two inches of a drop will be sufficient), with a short, level outside, (a foot wide), to prevent slipping, but there should never be a raised sill with slanting floors, like that shown by Fig. 1079, for the cows to stumble over and to cause them to slip and fall when the floors are wet. GETTING THE GRADES To prepare for setting up the stalls and putting in the cement, level off the dirt where it is too high and fill in where it is too low, being sure to thoroughly wet down and tamp all filled dirt so it will be completely settled and solid before proceeding further. Probably the best way to get the ground levels is to make a lot of stakes, like that shown in Fig. 1080, with notches on one edge to correspond \vilh the different levels, and set them in rows some twenty feet apart across the stable floor, three or four stakes in a row, equal distances apart; and drive them in until the different notches are the proper levels. Lines being stretched on these stakes to get the different levels will be held securely in place by the notches and will not be liable to slip out of position. If preferred, the notches can be sawed in the stakes after they are driven, care being taken to mark and saw the notches the right distances apart. Marks may also be made on the walls to assist in getting the levels. The ground levels will be six inches below the finished floor levels unless more than six inches of cement is required, or when an extra heavy foundation is wanted for a floor of Cork-Brick or Creosoted Pine Blocks. When the cement is to be six inches thick, the average ground levels for the Litter Alleys will be six inches below the stable door sills, and taking this as a basis, all the other levels can be easily determined for any kind of installation by referring to the height measurements given in Figs. 1075, 1076, 1077 and 1078. In Fig. 1075 the stall floor level is 6 inches above the litter alley level. In Fig. 1076 it is 7 inches above; Fig. 1077, 8 inches above, and in Fig. 1078, 5 inches above. In Fig. 1075, the feed alley level is 1 1 inches above the stall floor level and in Fig. 1078 it is 7 inches above. In Figs. 1076 and 1077 the stall floor levels and the feed alley levels are the same, and they may be made the same in the others if preferred. The feed alley floors may also be made as low as the litter alley floor if desired, in which case the cross alley floors will be level. Page Eight GUELPH. ONTARIO s r -o" "I < 2-4" ^> DOOR Cf>*s/ASG * STALL f^t-OOf? L//VF CrVrref? >f I VX-ALLEY 4, _-> ^-__ :: :..:. .; ; . . :.^ .. . . . :....-.. . ... i .. T^v^^T^ sMSSj, -Ui?:Si^l7SSgSW^ ,SSei7 , SSWaTTTsmSWM^ 7 O/ 1 " J3Utt.>/MG: w/>r/-/ OF BARN 38-O The cross alley grades from the litter alleys to the feed alleys are shown In the diagrams by dotted lines, marked X Alley Floor Line" in Figs. 1075, 1076 and 1077. They should be given due consideration before determining the kind of installation to select and the ground levels brought to grade. The doors in the feed alleys may be made to correspond with the floors either by raising the door sills and the approaches thereto, or by making the approaches on the inside from the door sills up to the feed alley floor levels, like the cross alley grades. When pens for calves, cows or bulls are to occupy a part of the floor the grades will have to be arranged to accommodate them, or the pens located to correspond with the grades. Generally the litter alley grades or something a little higher will be suitable for the pens. Avoid steep inclines m the floors as much as possible. DRAINAGE GRADES There should be a certain amount of slope lengthwise in both manger and gutter. This is especially desirable in flushing out the manger and where the liquid manure is drained into a cistern through a sewer. Different authorities specify different pitches for the drain. The drop ranges from one to two inches in fifty feet for the mangers. Where the manger is used for watering the stock the incline must not be great enough to make the water run too much to one end. The gutter requires more fall than the manger. Where the row of stalls is 100 feet or more, it is best to have two or more points of drainage, a 50-foot stretch being about all that should be carried into one drain. The slope may be from the center to the ends, or from the ends to a single drain in the center. 1 his will be sufficient to properly wash out the mangers and flush the gutters and keep the stable in a good sanitary condition. The less the incline, consistent with good drainage, the better, because it makes the equipment look better and will be better. The truer the cement work the less the incline required. Sometimes it is best to slope the entire barn floor lengthwise toward the drain. The drainage grades which run lengthwise of the barn being slight, the dirt grades lengthwise may be made nearly level throughout in which case the cement will be a little thicker at some places than at others, varying probably from 6 to 7 inches or from 5^ to 6>- inches. It will pay well, however, to get the dirt grades to conform as nearly as possible to the finished floor grades and in no case should the variation in the dirt grades be so much that the cement will have to be 8 or 9 inches thick in some places and only 3 or 4 inches in other places. VARIATIONS IN MEASUREMENTS Figs. 1075, 1076, 1077 and 1078 show different widths of mangers, stall floors, feed and litter alleys, and gutters which may be necessary to suit different sizes of cows, different widths of barns and other contingencies. Any of these measures except the mangers, which are standardized, may be further varied to suit requirements, and any of the different styles of gutters may be used with any of the different mangers and vice versa. Also, other styles of gutters may be used but a gutter like Fig. 1081 , with the litter alley floor level with the stall floor, making a deep ditch over which the cows will generally jump in entering the stall and against the rear side of which the cows feet are 1: to catch in leaving the stall, should not be used. A cow giving milk should never be compelled to step across a ditch or over a raised door sill. There is nothing in the claim that the high rear edge of the gutter is necessary to prevent "spattering the wall." To make it effective in preventing "spattering it would have to be made much higher than it is possible to have it. Write for directions for erecting Louden Sanitary Cow Stalls and constructing Louden Standardized Mangers. Page Nine Material For Concrete Floors Per Stall y 4LLEY M *-&"= TOWL W/DTH OFQAKM FLOOR PER 7?OW Of .573 . -&" J - i - ^5-- O" i /-e." T. F h- k / -"HI $ iJl r> IT . . * L J- /o" 1 JjJ ; ^^ T7ER 3 - I " LITT&Z ALLEY i \ -^- /c? ^-^ IK *?i F j 1 > \~ |C / -Uy ; 1 Amounts of Cement, Sand and Gravel Required for Floor Construction The concrete mangers and gutters form part of the concrete floor work of a dairy barn and are always timated and installed together with the regular flat slab floors. The irregular outline of the mangers and ters makes it very hard for the inexperienced to calculate just how much cement, sand and stone is re- tor the construction, and we have therefore prepared the above cross section. This section represents a floor 17 ft. wide for one row of cow stalls with feed and litter alleys, or just one half of the width of a floor for a barn 36 ft. wide, which is the average width of a dairy barn for two rows or cows. Each of the little squares of this cross section represents a square inch of concrete, and by the table ow the Hoor has been divided into five parts, and the cubical yard contents of each part calculated a 3 h " 6 in in !ength> which is the average length For using a mixture of one part cement, three parts sand, and five parts gravel, which is the proportion ommonly used for this kind of construction, the required amount of material of each kind and for the Hoor has been calculated separately in fractional numbers. The last three numbers of this table give the total amounts required and show that for each cow stall t will take about 6J4 sacks of cement, ^ cubic yard of sand, and a scant yard of gravel. For concrete floor we recommend a mixture of one part cement to three parts sand and five parts gravel as shown in the following table. KIND OF CONCRETE MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR FLOORS 3 6" WIDE PROPORTION OF MIXTURE MATERIALS CONTAINED IN ONE CUBIC YARD CONCRETE FEED ALLEY 4 FT. WIDE CONTAINS .26 CU. YD. | MANGER No. 1002 CONTAINS .41 CU. YD. STALL FLOOR CONTAINS .324 CU. YD. CUTTER No. 3404 CONTAINS .098 CU. YD. LITTER ALLEY 4 FT. WIDE CONTAINS .26 CU. YD. TOTAL BARN FLOOR PER COW STALL OF 3 6 WIDTH 1.352 CU. YUS. 1 a 8 4 T i! ^ uj ?] (JO i! jte 5<K T> >-s = s DO ij (8(5 TJ ^1 (Jcfl J] OO ii A3 ^ fl ti V Jj ?, 3 A h uo 41 t/iu -S >-o uA ?] oo Sacks Cpment *, 0^ i (JO 2 2 4 2 , 4 2^ 5 i i 4 3 3 5 6 4.6 .52 72 1.20 .135 .187 1.88 .213 .295 1.49 .168 .233 .450 .051 .072 1.20 .135 .187 6.22 .702 .974 Page Ten TLQUPEN MACHINERY COMPANY The Superstructure This cut illustrates the construction of a favorite type of modern dairy barn which consists of a frame structure, the frame of which is built entirely out of planking not over two inch thickness, and built on a concrete foundation which extends far enough above floor and outside ground level to prevent moisture from coming into contact with the wood sill and frame. The sill should be well bolted on the top of the concrete foundation and the studding, which are 2x6 inch in size for barns of ordinary dimensions, and spaced 1 6 inches or 24 inches on center, the 24 inch spacing being preferred because any stock length of boards can be nailed thereto without waste. The studding are generally of 14 or 16 ft. lengths and have a doubled 2 inch by 6 inch plate spiked on top, which ties them together, keeps them in a straight line and forms a sill for the rafters. The floor joist of the hay mow floor are made of 2x8 or 2x10 inch joist, as the weight may require, and are spaced the same as the studding so that the end of each joist may be spiked against the side of the studding and at the same time rest on a 2x6 ledger or "ribbon" which is notched one inch into the stud ding and continues the full length of both side walls with as few joints as possible. Three lengths of joist are generally required to reach from one side of the barn to the other; the ends of the middle tier of joist are spiked and lapped against the inside ends of the two outer tier of joist so that each set of joist form a continuous tie from one side wall to the other, to take up the outward thrust of the roof, and the joist are supported under the lapped ends on a set of girders, built up out of three or four thicknesses of 2x10 or 2x 1 2 inch joist ; built up continuously from one end of barn to the other with as few lengths as possible and all end joints broken, so that there will not be more than one end joint at any one place along the length of the barn. Page Eleven LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY We find your goods unexpectedly satisfactory. The hay track and carrier works like a charm and the hanger and barn door tracks are past reproach. Thanking you for all past favors. I remain Yours respectfully. H. I. Armour. Rising Sun, Md. A/O.34-O4- DETAIL Of TLOOP CONSTRUCT/ON These floor beams are supported by posts or preferably iron columns, which are so spaced that they will intersect with the line of stanchions and the partitions between the stalls, and rest on concrete piers built below the concrete floor. As this article is written more particularly for the inexperienced builder, it is well to mention that as soon as the studding are set in place, they should be well braced against wind, and as soon as the joist are in place more braces should be added. These braces should remain until the siding is in place and the roof has been completed, then they may be taken out. In framing the roof one set of rafters is carefully laid out on the hay mow floor or other convenient level platform, and after the exact length of each piece is computed, these are used as patterns and the required number of pieces cut from this one set of patterns. When all rafters, braces, ties and collar beams have been cut. each set of rafters, braces, ties, etc., is spiked together so as to form a complete arch rib which will reach from the plate of one side wall to that of the other. The best method of procedure is to build ail these arches laid flat, one on top of the other, on the building, the ends of each arch (the heels of lower rafters) resting on the wall plates at the point where it is to be secured after it is raised to a vertical position. After all of the arches are completed the end arch is hoisted up to a vertical line, perfectly plumbed, well spiked into place, and well braced, a block and rope are hooked to the collar beam (the top horizontal beam to which hay track is fastened) of the arch that is in place, with this the next arch is hoisted, plumbed, and nailed in place and this method is continued until all are in place. Each arch is nailed to several sheathing boards that are used as guides and ties to secure the arches as soon as they are raised, and each arch is braced to the studding as soon as set in place. These arches can be raised and set in place by three or four men, while with the old method of heavy purlin and post construction, ten or fifteen may be necessary to help hoist the heavy frame. This type of roof has the advan tage of requiring less material and labor than the heavy timber roof; is just as strong and forms a mow without any obstruction. t -iMC7H or sail ncxx 70 K met 70 S-o TYPICAL CVOS5 SLCT/ON (I J6 rOOT 5APN //*>< 7/<r/i/w Drfc JjOUDCN MACfflNCRYCQ Page Twelve LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Construction of Plank Trusses While we advocate the use of the "braced rafter" construction for gambrel roof barns because it is economy, some may prefer constructing their barn with the plank truss method by framing trusses out of heavy plank and spacing them 1 4 or 16 feet apart for supporting purlin beams which in turn will support the individual rafters. This truss does not require any timber over 24 feet long. While this truss has been designed to meet requirements in the most economical way, a barn roof with this construction requires 1240 feet of lumber for one truss and roof framing it carries, if trusses are spaced 16 feet apart. The "braced rafter" construction illustrated on page 11 requires 100 feet less lumber, and lumber which is less expensive per thousand feet than that required for the trusses. I5OMETJ2fC DETdfLS TJ2U55 Page Thirteen Frame Construction The steady increase in the price of lumber and building materials has necessitated a closer calcula tion of their strength. Economy prescribes that each piece shall be only as large as needed to safely withstand the strains to which it will be subject, and so placed that it will be the strongest. In the largest and best barns built to-day you will seldom see timber thicker than two inches. This is partly due to small dealers carrying a limited assortment of sizes, and to a greater extent to the present day calculations of architects. Most modern barns are built with self-supporting roofs, as this type of construction eliminates heavy beams and posts and reduces cost. This type of roof resembles the hull of a boat turned upside down, and consists of built up plank arches reinforced with splice-braces at angles, spanning from one side wall to the other. This roof usually has four surfaces, the lower two being steep and the upper ones about quarter pitch. Many make the mistake of calling this type a "hip-roof." The proper name is "gam- brel" and it is also known as "curb roof" and "mill roof." Doors Sliding doors have many advantages over those attached by ordinary hinges. If properly built with a beveled check rail around the edges, they can be made practically air tight, and at the same time work free and loose as soon as opened. Doors built up out of matched flooring are very strong, and if made double thickness with one thickness running at right angles to the other, will prevent warping, and if building paper is placed between the two thicknesses it will make a well insulated surface. Care must be taken in the selection of hangers and track. Choose a track that will not sag, hold water, or become clogged by birds nests, snow, ice, etc. See page 89. A hanger with a hinge is best, as cattle can not tear your door down when it is fitted with this kind. Double trolleys run smoother and the roller bearing wheels make operation easy. Sliding doors take up less space and can not blow open or shut. Doors should be provided with latches or other fastening device that will automatically fasten the door when it is closed, and they should be so con structed that the stock can not open them by push ing or rubbing with their horns. ALFALFADALE STOCK FARM The Louden Machinery Co., Dear Sirs: I have been a user of your steel stalls and stanchions for four years. During that time I have had no cow get injured in any way. In fact. I have liked them so well, that during the past season. I equipped my whole stable with your goods. They are giving us perfect satisfaction. Thanking you for past favors, I am. Very truly yours. Wilber C. Prouse, Tilsonburg, Ont. Page Fourteen DCTA/L DOORS |<pAS/A/<^ I | I <0 | OF C//CX &A/L fci^itaimM Page Fifteen T OUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY QUELPM, ONTARIO Fig. 986. Fig. 989. Comfort and Air Fresh air in the barn is as nec essary for the comfort of the animals as fresh water and pure food. Ac cording to experts the average cow consumes more pounds of air during the 24 hours than she does of either food or water. Conservative esti mates place the weight of air con sumed by a 1 ,000 pound cow at 224 pounds. Louden Window Ventilators make possible an abundance of fresh air without draughts. Fig. 986 shows the window closed, and Fig. 987 shows it opened to let in air at the top, while Fig. 988 shows it open for air to enter at both top and bottom. A moment s examina tion of these illustrations shows the adaptability of the Louden Window Ventilator to meet the different con ditions of the weather. On cold nights the ventilator open at the top only will throw the air upward where it will mingle with the warmer air before coming in contact with the cows. When it is necessary to keep the cows in the barn on warm nights the arrangement of the window in Fig. 988 will give a cooling and comfort ing active circulation of air through out the barn. Fig. 989 is a vertical section showing the sash and the top and bottom of the window frame cut in two and the sash open and slightly raised. Write for special booklet. Fig. 987. Fig. 988. Louden Machinery Company, Gentlemen: 1 want to say in regard to the Dairy Barn Equipment purchased of you last year, and installed according to your very thorough instructions furnished with job. that everything has proven entirely satisfactory and has been exactly as represented. If 1 were to buy equipment again I would make no changes. We have in constant use Stanchions and Litter Carrier, i the latter being the Emancipator and the best carrier I have ever seen > : also the feed truck which we find fully as useful and essential as the rest. A neighbor after seeing my truck ordered one like it from you and now does not see how he ever fed ensilage without it. We are very much pleased with our entire equipment which has transformed a useless basement into a modern dairy barn. In closing I wish to say to you as a business firm that I appreciate also the interest manifested on your part in the adjustment of freight overcharges, etc. Any intending purchaser who would call at our farm would get a better idea of the success of the equipment than simply by reading testimonials, and would be welcome at all times. Yours truly. Mr. E. C. Barrick. Proprietor. Fairview Stock F arm. Janesville, Iowa Page Sixteen LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUELPH. ONTARIO DETAIL rtOF/z ^ \>A/7AL^ ^5 ? SFIC7 ^ -fcl i \&/rj.#S/AV Y** c^^ ws/A/f <! -^/= D/SW/K2. r-+* ^Sf/"/ f/SJX, -J ws ! ? ^- v n BQ4XD/MG <-j"* i- f L " - 1 . O " ^JT^^-j I ^ &O4WSG { 1 1 Z?/MZ7/7ZC fi%/2T \ j) ! *) - _w^^= =H)= _/lw_ vy LnLry i )" v_ ^ * t % CA S//VCT CASW4 F 1 t sJ3~ asf/sfy ^* VW&/M -* j Page Seventeen I OUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY . ONTARIO Tables of Strength of Materials 1 u Nominal Size Inches External Diameter Inches Thickness Inches Weight per foot Area of Section Safe Load in Pounds for Gas-pipe Columns Length in Feet 14 7 8 9 10 12 25 *i 4J 6 7 8 1.05 1.31 1.666 1.875 2.375 2.875 3.5 4. 4.5 5. 5.563 6.625 7.625 8.625 .113 .134 .140 .145 .154 .204 .217 .226 .237 .247 .259 .280 .301 .322 ! 1.67 2.26 2.69 3.67 5.77 7.55 9.05 10.73 12.49 14.56 18.77 23.41 28.35 .424 .562 .846 .983 1.29 1.59 2.26 2.59 3.33 3.73 4.17 5.57 7.18 8.14 806 2181 4549 6391 9314 12537 19165 22860 30103 34502 38906 54055 70938 81278 1600 3740 5300 8591 11800 18280 22040 28900 33560 37520 50120 64620 73260 3183 5136 7914 11020 17500 21320 28220 32660 37520 50120 64620 73260 4448 7193 10420 16700 20500 27300 31760 36520 50120 64620 73260 15040 18780 25440 29800 34620 48780 64620 73260 17240 25560 27960 32520 46640 62640 73260 Louden barn equipment is an economy for the owner of three cows and ten acres of land, as well as for the owner of three hundred cows and a thousand acres of land. The percentage of labor saved is the same. Louden equipment is an economy for any farm that is run on a business basis. Louden barn equipment is just as great an advantage to the man who has an old barn that he wants to remodel or equip, as it is to the man who is building a barn for which he wants every possible convenience. In this little book we but briefly men tion, in a general way, the benefits of only a few of our products. We merely wish to give you an idea of our business and we want to send you free special catalogs on any or all the lines in which you are interested. Conscientious advice, the result of 48 years of barn equipment manufacturing experience is at your service. TABLE 1. Safe Load in Pounds Uniformly Distributed for Yellow Pine Beams Supported at Both Ends. SIZE OF BEAM Span 2x6 | 2x8 | 2x10 | 2x12 2x14 2x16 2x18 in Dressed to the following sizes Feet 1 5 V C5 1 S X: >8 H71 ijxii; IfxISJ 13x15} Uxl7} 6 1714 3047 4488 7163 9872 14020 I/B46 8 10 12 14 16 1285 1028 857 734 642 2285 1523 1306 1142 3666 2933 ""2444 2095 1833 5372 4298 3582 2686 7404 5923 4936 4231 3702 10515 8412 7010 6008 5256 13398 10718 8932 7656 6699 18 20 1016 914 1629 1466 2388 2149 3291 2961 4505 4206 5954 5359 22 1333 1954 2692 3823 4872 24 1222 1791 2469 3505 4466 26 1653 2278 3235 4122 28 1535 2115 3804 3828 30 1974 2804 3572 32 1851 2628 3349 N ote: The above loads are calculated for a fiber stress of 1 ,800 pounds per square inch, safety factor 4. Mod ulus of rupture 7,200 pounds per square inch. Loads above heavy horizontal lines calculated for both strength and stiffness. Loads below heavy horizontal lines are for strength only and will deflect more than one thirtieth of an inch per foot of span and should not be used with plastered ceilings. Louden Machinery Company, Gentlemen: . , 1 have been using your equipment in my certified dairy barn for about six months and have put it : to way we knew how. but find everything stands the test and should last a hfet.me. Every part of the equipment is perfectly sat.sfactory and comes up to the standard that every one should expect when he is buymg t : best. I that 1 can keep a herd of cows in shape to produce certified milk cheaper with the Louden equipment than I could keep rows in the old fashioned way for producing the cheapest grade of market milk. I might state that 1 am in the dairy business for the dollar. My equipment ran mto four figures and I count it the best spent money I put into my dairy barn. HnJ , MAN p rop Pleasant Valley Stock Farm. Altoona, Pa. Page Eighteen LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUELPH, ONTARIO Some of the Fundamentals of Ventilation Ventilation may be divided into two classes forced and natural. Forced ventilation requires blowers to force the air in or exhaust fans to draw the air out of the place to be ventilated. Forced ventilation is used in mines and sometimes in large buildings, but on account of its expense it is not adapted to ordinary dwelling houses or farm build ings. Natural ventilation depends upon natural laws, and all it requires is the arrangement of the building to permit the free operation of those natural laws. A still further division might be made of warm and cold weather ventilation, because each has its special requirements. Warm weather ventilation is easy. About all that is necessary is to open the building so the natural currents of air will pass through. The Louden Ventilating Windows have been particularly designed for warm weather ventilation, and meet all requirements. They should be used when the temperature outside becomes as warm or warmer than the air in the barn. In cold weather it is necessary to preserve, as far as possible, the warmth of the building, and to do this and at the same time secure efficient ventilation is the problem. The only absolutely perfect ventilation is out of doors where there are no walls or ceilings to interfere with the free movements of the air. To overcome the interference of walls and ceilings, which are necessary to preserve the warmth of the building in cold weather, and secure the largest amount of ventilation obtainable under the circumstances, it is necessary that certain requirements be strictly complied with. To better understand these requirements it will be well to briefly consider the underlying principles governing air currents, and upon which ventilation is founded. Like everything else in nature, it is extremely simple when we once understand it, but extremely mystifying when we do not understand it. The "wind bloweth where it listeth" may seem to convey the idea that it is irresponsible or not subject to any definite rules of action, and yet there is nothing that is more instantaneously responsive to natural laws. Heat and cold are the impelling forces behind every current of air. Heat expands and cold contracts air, as well as other things. The warm expanded air will be lighter than an equal volume of cold contracted air, and like the light boy on the teeter board, it will go up, while the cold air, like the heavy boy, will go down. The teeter board, however, is a clumsy illustration of the extremely mobile movements of the air currents. That cold air descends and rushes in to displace the heated air which ascends or is forced up, tells the story of all the air currents which have ever fanned the face of the earth, from the slightest zephyr to the mightiest tornado. It is the key-note of all forms of ventilation. Out of doors every discernible current of air, and also those not discernible, are simply never ending efforts of nature to preserve a uniform temperature. Out of doors the warmest place is at the ground, and as you go up the air becomes imperceptibly cooler until several miles high it becomes as cold as an Arctic winter, in warm as well as cold weather. This condition is natural, and is necessary to the continual purification of the air. Indoors the order is largely reversed. In a room having a stove and tight ceiling it is the warmest at the ceiling and the coldest at the floor. Sometimes the difference in temperature is as much as 20 degrees. Under such conditions, with the impurities of respiration and the carbonic acid gas generated by the stove retained in the room, the wonder is that colds and tuberculosis are not more frequent. The problem is to preserve the warmth of the room in winter and at the same time to keep the air fairly pure and about as warm at the feet as at the head as it is out of doors and should be indoors. Many systems of ventilation have been designed and quite a number give very good results. The most popular at the present time is the "King System" designed by Prof. F. H. King. This system is composed of air flues arranged according to the following order: The King System Fresh air flues are provided in the side walls; starting just high enough above the ground to keep snow from closing them up, they have intakes protected by a wire mesh to keep out birds and the flues run up to the ceiling to a damper. located so the fresh air will enter the barn at the ceiling and always in front of the cows heads. Foul air flues should start on the inside near the floor and end in a flue above the roof. The air outside being colder and heavier than the air in the room, it will tend to rush in and replace the warmer and lighter air of the room, which will be forced through the outlets to mingle with the cold air above the roof. The pure cold air coming in at the ceiling will mingle with the warmest air in the room, and will be warmed to a considerable extent before reaching the floor. By this means the air of the room will be purified but will not be chilled as much as it would be if it was admitted through an open door or window. It may seem that on this arrangement there is a reversal of the natural law that cold air descends and heated air rises, but it is only apparent, or, in other words, going a short distance backwards to get around an obstacle and reach the desired end. Page Nineteen T OUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY It is well known that water will rise in the short end of a siphon, apparently in opposition to the laws of gravitation, to go a further distance down in the long end of the siphon. These ventilating flues are constructed on the principle of an inverted siphon. The cold air will rise a short distance up to go a longer distance down, and the warm air will go a short distance down to get a greater distance up. The principle is the same as the teeter board, which sends the light boy up, apparently in violation of the laws of gravity, in order that the heavy boy may go down in obedience to the same law. This arrangement to work successfully must be right in every respect. No person would go back around-about to get to a place if he could go straight ahead. The cold air will not go up in a flue to get in a building if it can get in below through an open door or window, or through cracks in the siding. Neither will the warm air go down near the floor to get out of the building if it can get out through the ceiling or through openings in the upper parts of the wall. Any cracks or crevices in the flues will also be detrimental. It is an old and a true saying that * A fountain will never rise higher than its head," but it is equally true that it will never rise that high unless compelled to do so. The air will never pass through these ventilating flues if there are more direct ways for it to go. There should be no abrupt shoulders or corners in the flues to obstruct the passage of the air, and the air should be enough warmer and lighter in the building than outside to cause it to travel the round-about way through the ventilating flues. When the temperature inside and out is about the same, this system of ventilation will not work, because there is not enough difference in the weight of the inside and outside air to force the round-about passage it has to take. In dairy barns where no artificial heat is used and where the difference in temperature will not be so great, it is even more important to have every thing just right. Especial care should be taken to have the barn built as close and as warm as possible, to make these ventilating flues work to the best advantage. If the lower parts of the outlet flues were made of sheet iron so there would be no danger Continued on Page Twenty-one Table of Fresh Air Supply and Ventilation Prof. F. H. King has computed the amount of pure air which must be breathed to supply the oxygen needed by different animals, as shown in the following table, and we have added the last two columns, which show the area of vent flues that are required per head for a current of air flowing through the vent flues at the rate of 295 feet per minute, and 200 feet per minute, respectively. If the vent flue is less than 30 feet in height, column 7 should be used, and if over 30 feet high, column 6 may be used: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cubic ft. of Air Breathed in 24 hours Pounds of Oxygen Consumed in ^4 hours Cu. It. Air Supply Per Hour Per Head Flue Area Per Head Air Mowing 295 ft. per min. Inches Flue Area Per Head Air Mowing 200 ft. per min. Inches Per 1000 Ibs. Animal wt. D ,, , Per 1000 Ibs. Per Head ^-^ w , Per Head Man 2833 3401 2804 3753 7260 9667 425 3401 2804 1103 726 29 12.207 13.272 11.04 29.698 29.314 23.84 1.831 13.272 11.04 4.456 2.931 .075 537 4296 3542 1392 917 35 4.22 34.84 28.80 11.38 8.35 .28 6.43 51.55 42.48 13.12 10.94 .45 Horse Swine Hen Table of Area and Size for Vent Flues in Inches The following table shows the area and size of vent flues required for various kinds and number of stock, calculated with the air in the vent flues flowing 200 feet per minute: KIND OF STOCK Number Head of Stock MAN HORSE COW SWINE Mil 1 f HI:N Area Sin Area Size Area Area Size Area Size 1 8 2x4 54 6x 9 44 4x11 16 4x 4 12 3x4 1 X 1 2 14 2x7 108 9x 12 88 8x11 27 3x 9 22 2 x 1 X 1 5 20 4x 5 156 12x 13 128 8x 16 40 5x 8 33 3 x 2 x 2 4 27 3x9 216 12 x 18 170 10 x 17 54 6x 9 44 4 x 2 x 2 5 32 4x 8 264 12 x22 216 12 x 18 66 6x11 55 5 x 3 x 3 6 40 5x8 312 12x26 164 12x22 80 Hx HI 66 6 x 3 x 3 7 45 5x9 360 12x30 300 12x25 92 8x12 77 7 x 3 x 3 54 6x9 420 12x35 352 16 x 22 108 9x 12 88 8x 4 2x2 9 60 6x10 468 12x39 384 16x24 120 lOx 12 99 9x 4 2x2 Id 64 6x 8 516 12x43 416 16 x 26 132 11 x 12 no Id *. II 5 2x3 Ptge Twenty GUELPH, ONTARIO CROSS SECT/ON OF &APN FRElSh AIR DUCT5 rOR Co IV.5 FACINCr /A/ of fire, and gas jets were placed in them, it would help to create the draft necessary to make the strong est current. This would be especially advantageous in the early spring or late fall months when there is but little difference in the temperature of the air inside and outside the building. During the warmer months these ventilating flues will be but little use, and a more direct system of ventilation should then be used. One of the worst things to be contended with in dairy barns during the winter months is the humid state of the atmosphere and its condensation on the walls and ceiling of the building. This is due to a lack of proper ventilation, and is aggravated by the lack of proper insulation. Warm air will carry a larger amount of moisture than cold air, and when it is brought in contact with a cold surface the moisture will be precipitated, and will form in drops of water on the ceiling and on the walls. A warm barn with an active circulation of the air through the ventilating flues is the best thing for this condition. There is a lot of moisture in the cows breath, and when the ventilating currents are sluggish and the temperature is chilly, this "sweating process" will be increased. Open doors and windows cannot be used at the same time with the ventilating flues, because the interchange of air currents will take place through the doors and windows instead of the ventilating flues, because the air will always take the most direct course. If the ventilating flues are properly arranged and proportioned (the nearer air tight the building is, the better) the more perfectly the ventila tion will work. The essential points required for perfect results with this system of ventilation are as follows: The room must be as near air tight as is practical to make it. Walls and cei ling should be insulated from outside temperature by lining with heavy building paper, matched lumber or other non-conducting material. The foul air vent shafts must start near the floor and run up at least two feet above highest point of roof. Should be smooth on inside. Can be changed from oblong to square or round, but area must remain the same the entire length. It should be as near vertical as possible and avoid all sharp bends and horizontal runs. It should be air tight and insulated from outside temperature. Should have rain proof top, and intake should be located behind cows so that all foul air will be drawn away from cows heads. Fresh air ducts should also be insulated, smooth inside, of about equal area the entire length and outside air intakes should be as far below the outlet at ceiling as is practical, for the reason that if intake was level with outlet in the ceiling, the warm air near the ceiling would escape, reversing the flow of air and CROSS SECT/ON OT BARN roilL AIR DUCTS FOR. COhS Page Twenty-one LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY exhausting the heat in place of letting in fresh air. Fresh air should always enter the room near the ceiling, and entrance of air should always be located in front of cows so the air will flow towards the cow and form a current passing beyond the cow, towards the foul air shaft, absorbing all impurities in its path. Fresh air ducts should be well and equally dis tributed along the ceiling of feeding alley; a number of small ducts are better than one large duct of equal area. Foul air vents can be made larger and less in number. Foul air vent ducts take up least amount of room and are cheapest to build if built into the out side walls as shown in this sketch and fresh air ducts can be run to center of ceiling (between joists) as well as not. For this reason we recommend cows be stanchioned facing in. Another Good System of Ventilation PUN l//VT FLUES UP THRU ROOF C/)M &. l/f/VT FLUES TO JU/T CO/VD/T/O/VJ, TEMPERATURE /l/VD OF A/K /N QARN. ^Illli m m ^ SP g^ TOOL /UR /MTAXL /jT END OF TO T/LC ._ awr/A/uous OF BAJW EXCEPT B/ DOOR T/LC ABOUND INSULATES - ~PT \ \ \ r I \ ( i / \ \ u. _> J J ; UP TrtffV ROOF /a rrvFn rrvn r^~sr^ rn /y?*?/ 1 ? COLD rOLWDAT/OH l^U ^//P fr<i/Z^7-/5S 777/^/ 7/Z.^ />5C^ OV/f END OFBAPN TO Trt OTHER END AND tNTPS fLUC WHICH GOES THPU POOF. With this system of ventilation the entire exterior walls of the lower story are used for the fresh air flues. The air enters the wall from the outside through openings located between the windows and near the ceiling height of the lower story. These inlet open ings can be constructed with slats as shown in the cut so as to make them rain proof, and on the inside face of the slats a wire mesh is nailed to keep out birds. The boarding on the inside face of the studding is kept one inch away from the studding by first nailing horizontal 1x4 inch strips on the studding and the boarding nailed to these strips. The object of this is to allow the air to pass from the space between the two studding which contains the fresh air intake to all the spaces between all other studding. From each of the air spaces between all studding the entire length of both sides of the barn, the air is taken into the room from a continuous slot just above the sill. See cut. Solid concrete is not a good insulation against cold, in fact, it makes a good conductor of cold. It is a general practice to lay the cement floor of a barn directly against the outside wall, which in winter will conduct the cold to the floor and the floor will absorb the cold and gradually the entire floor will be cooled by its being in direct contact with the outside wall. To keep the floor warm it is therefore necessary to keep it away from the outside wall. This is Page Twenty-two T QUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUE LPM , O NTAR I O L J done by laying a row of hollow tile be tween the wall and the floor. This tile is still more effective if used for a vent flue so that there will be a circulation of warm air through it. The foul air in leaving the room passes into a flue which starts about eighteen inches above the floor and runs down to a row of tile running from one end of the barn to the other, directly under the cow stalls. This tile with the circulation of warm air from the barn in them keeps the stall floors warm. From the tile the air enters a flue located at the opposite side of the barn from the inlet flue and this flue runs up to a metal ventilator placed on the roof. If the barn has two rows of cows the flues can be built so the air under one row will flow in one direction and the other in the opposite ; making one intake and one flue at each end of the barn. At times it is necessary to exhaust air out of the barn quicker than the regular foul air flues which start near the floor can draw it out. This is par ticularly true in Spring when the weather gets warm and the tempera ture is changeable. This condition is taken care of by constructing vent flues from the litter alley ceiling to above the roof and provided with dampers or shutters which are hinged or pivoted so they can be opened to any degree that may be desired and held open by a rope secured to a convenient place. With two separate sets of vent flues; one set with intakes at the floor and one with intakes at the ceiling, this system can be regulated to give perfect results in any kind of weather, which can not be done with systems that have all the foul air flues starting near the floor. CPOS5 Louden Barn Plan Competition Dinner for students of the Manitoba Agricultural College, Winnipeg, Canada This method of controlling the air supply to dairy barns and at the same time using the air for keeping the stall floors warm has been used in a number of barns with perfect success for years and has been found absolutely satisfactory, and we take pleasure of an opportunity in giving this information to any dairyman who may desire to take advantage of it. A Canadian Banquet Each year the students of the government Agri cultural College at Winnipeg, Canada, hold a Barn Planning Contest under the supervision of Prof. L. E. Smith, Professor of Engineering. Cash prizes for the best plans are offered by the Loudon Ma chinery Company, and after the close of the contest a banquet is given to the contestants by this com pany. This year the banquet was graced by the pres ence of the Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Prof. Bedford, who made an address and presented the prizes to the successful contestants. Page Twenty-three LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY 1 GUELPH. ONTARIO About Barn Roofs The accompanying illustration shows three ordinary roofs. The third pitch was the old style used almost universally a hundred years ago, shown at C. This gives mow room 12 feet deep at the peak above the plate line in a barn 40 feet wide. The half pitch roof shown at D gives 20 feet mow room in the center above the plate, while the roof shown at E gives a height of 24 feet in the center and 16 feet at FF. It will readily be Three Common Pitches of Roofs seen that the value of such a roof is very much greater than either straight roof when it comes to storage capacity. Besides the advantage of increased storage, the larger roof is right when it comes to turning water. The upper part is not very steep. The upper roof is short and it is not necessary that it should be steep, because there is very little accumulation of water. The lower portion of the roof drops away quickly. This is exactly the reverse of the old style lean-to, where the addition sloped away and held a large amount of water to rot the shingles. The advantage of a double roof pitch was never appreciated until horse forks came into general use to put hay and sheaves up into the loft in such quantities and so quickly that considerable storage room was found necessary in which to mow it away. Then again, it requires from 8 to 10 feet headway to use a hay fork to advantage. In figuring the capacity of the different shaped roofs this fact should be taken into consideration. It costs a little more to build a double roof, but the extra cost is not in proportion to the extra value. Then, for a finish to a modern barn, nothing will equal in appearance one of the double or gambrel roofs when well built and rightly pro portioned. Approximate Capacity of Round Silos, in Tons Diameter is shown at top of column, and depth at left. Add 5 feet to height indicated, to allow for Fettling of silage. For further information see page 53 Page Twenty-four HEIGHT OF SILO INSIDE DIAMETER OF SILO, IN FEET; AND CAPACITY IN TONS (2,000 Ibs.) 10 ft. II ft. 12ft. 13 ft. 14 ft. 15 ft. 16 ft. 17 ft. 18 ft. 19 ft. 20 fi Feet 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Tons 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 47 49 51 51 56 58 61 63 66 68 70 72 74 Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons 36 39 41 43 46 49 51 54 56 58 62 65 68 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 74 77 80 84 87 90 94 97 101 105 109 113 117 64 68 71 75 79 83 86 90 94 98 102 106 110 115 119 124 128 133 137 83 87 91 96 100 105 109 114 118 123 128 133 138 143 148 154 159 165 170 105 110 115 121 126 132 136 142 148 154 160 166 172 179 184 191 197 131 138 143 149 155 161 167 174 180 187 195 201 207 215 222 229 236 162 169 176 183 191 198 205 211 218 225 233 240 247 254 261 196 204 212 221 229 236 244 252 261 277 285 293 301 fin 237 247 256 262 270 280 289 298 307 316 325 334 144 280 291 300 310 320 330 340 350 361 371 (82 T QUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUELPH. ONTARIO A Louden Equipped Government Barn The Haskell Institute Dairy Barn at Lawrence, Kansas is one of many government Indian institute barns that are Louden equipped, and is but one of hundreds of government and state barns that use Louden equipment. In the Haskell Dairy Barn are used Louden Litter and Feed carriers, Calf, Cow, and Bull pens, together with 81 Louden stalls. The stalls are of the Go- Right type set in three rows of 27 each. All of the stalls in one section are hooked up with one lever and work fine. The whole row can be thrown with a slight- push on the lever. The following letter from Mr. MacArthur, dairyman at Haskell Institute, to Mr. H. P. Harbison, a Kansas City repre sentative of Louden Machinery Company, indicates the degree of satisfaction the equipment is Louden Bull Pens in Haskell Institute Dairy Barn giving: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR United States Indian Service Haskell Institute Lawrence, Kansas, May 6, 1914. Mr. H. P. Harbison, Kansas City, Mo. Dear Sir; I rather think that I promised to write you when the Louden equipment was installed in our dairy barn and let you know my opinion of your equipment after it was put to the test with inex perienced help. Of course you know the Indian boys have had no training and were necessarily inexperienced, which together with a herd of young cows, would be very trying regarding strength and utility. I will confess that I had my fears that our Indian boys would be too reckless and careless and therefore cause considerable amount of breakage with such a complete equipment, for you know that we purchased the latest and most up-to-date that you manufacture, but to my surprise the hard strain of winter use, with 125 head of cattle there is not the least repair needed in stanchions, bull, cow, or calf pens. You remember we hung up some ninety-six feet of sure stop to pull with one lever, which you were afraid would work too hard. It works easily and the boys handle it with one hand. The high curb with cut-out for st * nchions is great from a Stand " Louden Stalls, Stanchions and Manger Divisions in the Haskell Institute Dairy Barn. throwing it under their feet You remember we arranged to water the stock in the cement mangers during stormy weather, which arrangement is very satis factory, as we lift the partitions between cows, sweep out mangers thoroughly, and turn in water until all finish drinking. The dairy barn at Haskell is now a place of interest to visitors who constantly pass through the institution and remarks of praise regarding the Louden equipment are constantly overheard. Continued bottom next page. Page Twenty-five LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUELPH. ONTARIO CUTSHCMNG COPPECT CONSTRUCTION FOR BASEMENT BAPNS WAY CORRECT WAY Two Methods of Building a Bank Barn Modern Sanitary Bank Barns The ordinary, old-fashioned stable under a bank barn was damp and warm when filled with animals in the winter time and it was damp and cool in summer. The warmth and coolness were agreeable, but disease lurked in both conditions of the stable atmosphere. Since investigators have been looking into the germ troubles that domestic animals suffer from, attention has been directed to the objectionable features of these old-fashioned stable dungeons. Anarchist germs prefer darkness to light. They thrive when the atmosphere is moisture laden. If the moisture comes from the breath of animals, they thrive all the better; it seems to act as a culture medium, to propagate the most undesirable of all cattle disease germs. Sunshine and fresh air are the two principal preventatives. In this illustration the architect shows how to build a bank barn on sanitary princi ples the bank is kept back away from the barn wall, and the upper floor is reached by a bridge Bank barns are not necessarily objectionable. Usually, they are built on an elevation where drain age may be maintained in spite of the usual barn yard proclivities to get muddy and stay muddy. Besides offering better sanitary conditions, this plan provides the best possible means for establishing warm winter corrals having gates and passage-ways leading all the way around the stable section of the barn. In grading the side of the bank, the earth removed to make this passage-way may be dumped in scraper loads to fill the pot holes and to grade up the corrals, lanes, etc. I will arrange to get you some fine views soon. We have to finish our spring cleaning and the cattle are not entirely shed off yet, but just a little later we will be ready to give you some views you will appreciate. Very respectfully, Donald MacArthur, Dairyman. Uncle Sam has been testing out Louden equipment for many years, and the fact that it is specified for most government buildings is one of the strongest recommendations that can be given to the equipment. Write for names of Louden equipped barns in your vicinity. Louden Calf Pens in Haskell Institute Dairy Barn Page Twenty-six LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY G u ELPM , ONTARIO Design 1840 For Dairy Barn I AMMJRC P>7 I LL |TRw[7V jlrAL i n ^ ^ P !* r rr~P kvy.r Jf Atr C "-^ k-^r JCAi.r | i IPCN PCN PCM \ PCN UPC. \ | Description This barn is 126 ft. wide by 140 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground and the frame sidewalls are 16 ft. high. The lower story is 9^2 ft- high, the hay mow is 22 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 6 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 36 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Capacity of mow, 315 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $9800.00. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1840 $95 00 Louden Manger and Manger Divisions How comfortable the cows look, each eating her apportioned feed without interference from her neighbor, or without straining herself to get some of her neighbor s feed. The shape of the manger makes the feed roll down close to the cow so she will not have to strain to get it as she would if a flat-bot tomed manger was used. Louden Steel Mangers, also Louden Cement Man gers and Manger Divisions have been adopted by dairy authorities the world over as being the most lasting, convenient and sanitary, and the easiest constructed or installed. Send for spe cial catalogs. Page Twenty-seven LOUDEN MACF (NERY COMPANY Design 2603 For 80 Cows Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 1 75 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 4 ft. above the ground and the frame sidewalls are 10 ft. high. The lower story is 9 l ,4 ft. high, the hay mow is 19 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 3 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 32 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 1 45 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $6000.00. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2603 $ 1 C 00 Louden Litter Carriers The Louden Litter Carrier is a great time and labor saver. With a Louden Litter Carrier, barn cleaning is made easy and pleasant work. Every farm needs this equipment. Manure may be taken directly from the stalls to the spreader or manure pit with but one handling and in half the time necessary by the old-fashioned method. Loaded cars may be raised and lowered to any height by a small boy, and run out and emptied anywhere desired. Write today for detailed information and catalogs and lessen your winter barn work. Louden Carriers are made in several different styles both for Steel and Wire Track. Page Twenty-eight I OUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Design 1559 For 66 Cows Description \ &\ c f I n 1/sldoLl.sfeUAs kd , This barn is 34 ft. wide by 130 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 1 8 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 8 ft high. The lower story is 9 ft. high. The ridge of roof is 22 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $3090.00. For feeding and milking dairy cows this barn will be found a labor saver because it is compact and all cows face one center feeding alley, which runs the full length of the barn and contains a carrier-track that can be run to a silo and the milk can be taken to the milk house by the litter carrier-track extending out of the end doors of each litter alley. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1559 < Louden Feed Carriers A Louden Feed Carrier is relief from the bucket, the wheelbarrow and the bushel basket, and the waste resulting from those old-fashioned methods of handling feed. The Louden Feed Carrier is a necessity on any farm where a dozen or more head of stock are to be fed. A boy of ten years can operate the carrier from feed bin or silo to mangers or feed racks, and do the work with less effort than it takes you to run a loaded wheelbarrow. Write us, giving outline of your feeding conditions, and we will gladly furnish estimates free. Louden Feed Carriers are made in many styles. Louden Manufacturing Co., Dear Sirs: The litter carrier and hay fork that I bought three years ago from your general agent have proved very satisfactory. I remain. Yours truly, L. R. Smith, R. R. No. 2, Abercorn, Quebec 4 * -*^ - ^^ *** - ^ Page Twenty-nine Design 2550 For 54 Cows n u I I I I t t M ^#>G-*~- !-; ,- T The key to sanitary dairy barn construction lies in the combining of the steel stall and stanchion construction together with impervious cement floors, plenty of light and proper ventilation. This barn has been especially designed for concrete block or hollow tile wall construction and a timber roof covered with corrugated iron roofing. It is very fire resisting from the exterior, durable and the hollow masonry walls give it good protection against extreme cold and hot weather. Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 125 ft. long. The concrete foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground and the cement block sidewalls are 14 ft. high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 21 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 4 ft. high and the ridge of roof is 34 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 142 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $4,000.00. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2550 $C 00 Dear Sirs : After using your barn equipments for seven years I find them to be O. K. in every respect, and doing me good service now. I do not know how I could get along without it. My first purchase of your goods was in 1907. Yours truly, Wm. Griffin, East Orwell. O. Page Thirty Design 2075 For 50 Cows Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 136 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 16 ft. high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 25 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 8 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 38 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 243 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $5300.00. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2075 $8.00 Dairy farmers are learning the value of cow stable manure, and they are making so much better use of it than they ever did before that manure conveniences around the stable are greatly appreciated. A good stable with a manure carrier and a manure spreader properly handled will increase the grain yield of the farm each year, while the dairy is paying all the expenses of running the farm. We don t really own our land until we have it well fenced. We don t really own our own live stock until we have proper buildings to house them. Savins the waste makes the profit. A farm barn is a farm factory. Waste material is a by-product in disguise. What was formerly waste is now worked into salable merchandise. Farm buildings are farm factories. The soil produces the raw materials which are taken to the farm shops anci made into high-priced butter, beef, mutton, and pork. Formerly beef cattle were raised on the open range. It required three or four years to produce beef steers, because they were left out in the cold to hustle for themselves all winter. The grass was partly covered with snow and occasionally the water was frozen so the animals could neither eat nor drink for days at a time. Mortality among range cattle often reached such figures as 50 per cent, and the ones to survive the winter were lighter in the spring than they were in the fall. Gentlemen: Your Louden Equipment installed in our cow barn is eminently satisfactory. The litter carrier has proven a time-saver beyond our expectations. Sincerely yours, J. R. Walton, Supt., Confederate Soldiers Home of Missouri. Higginsville, Mo. Page Thirty-one LOUDEN MACH (NERY COMPANY 1 GOEUPM. ONTARIO Design 2563 For 50 Cows Description This barn is 32 ft. wide by 100 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 14 ft. high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 20 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertic al sidewalls in the hay mow are 6 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 33 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construc tion, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 95 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank- frame construction and has a clear hay mow . without posts. When to Cut the Ensilage This cost is estimated to be $3100.00 Water and Dry Matter in Corn at Different Periods Corn Date of cutting Stage of growth per acre July 30 Fully tasseled ... ~90 August 9 Fully silked 129 August 21 Kernels watery to full milk 163 September 7 Kernels glazing 161 September 23 Ripe 14.2 In the last column is shown the dry matter per acre in corn at different stages. When the corn is fully tasseled, it contains but eight-tenths of a ton of dry matter per acre, or only one-fifth what it contains when fully ripe. When in the milk it contains nearly three times as much dry matter as when fully tasseled. Only seventeen days were occupied in passing from the milk to the glazing stage, yet in this time there was an increase in the dry matter of 1.3 tons per acre. This shows the great advantage of letting the corn stand until the kernels are glazed. If your neighbor is going to build tell him about this book and do both him and us a good turn. Water Dry per matter acre per acre 11.3 1.5 Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2563 <tj- QQ 14.0 2.3 12 5 36 10.2 4.0 Page Thirty-two f f OUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY jlfl to Design 1670-For 50 Cows I33-O "* HAY RACK ~F-C.{S At-t^EY ^P ^CLTta L2l5 Ictolwl ^ .TALL -S 1 I BINS I- k/TTEB AL-L-E-V- 7 ^ \ i J | \2&\ ICPM I \S\TWi-V. \S\ TOOZ. JJ &QQM r rEEO ALLEY- /poc)Af Jj Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 138 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 1 8 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 1 4 ft high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 23 ft. high from floor to hay carrier- track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1670 /; QO 6 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 36 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 165 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $4224.00. The shelter shed at the end of this barn has a southeast exposure and for northern climates is a feature that should not be overlooked. This gives the cattle a place to exercise under cover in bad weather. The vent flues projecting on the outside of the walls in place of inside gives the feed alleys a smooth wall without projections. Louden Machinery Company, Dear Sirs: . , . . . , Your outfit is giving perfect satisfaction and will last, I believe, as long as the cement floor in which it is set. value this outfit highly. ... . At the present time no one will question the fact that the more comfort given the cow the more milk she will give, but I think there are few that realize that it effects the test even to perhaps a greater degree. Stable your cows in a cold, unventilated, poorly lighted barn with the rigid stanchions for a winter, and. winter give them swinging stanchions, the proper amount of light, air, and protection from the cold, and it will be found there will be a big difference in the test. Yours very truly, Ora P. Taylor, Elkhorn. Wis. Page Thirty-three LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Design 2539 For 50 Cows and 6 Box Stalls Description PLAN or DAIRY EARN FDR so cous MO 6 BOX STALLS This barn is 40 ft. wide by I 30 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground and the frame sidewalls are 8 ft. high. The story is 9^ ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 20 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construc tion, and the entire floor of the barn is of con crete construction. The barn above the foundation is of plank- frame construction and has a clear span without posts. The cost is estimated to be $2750.00. In this particular stable the ceiling is self-supporting. A loft over a stable like this is not used for any purpose except as an air space, and the air is changed by having a window in each gable. The silos are placed between the stable and storage barn, with room for a feed carrier to pass through; this carrier track extends the whole length of the cow stable and runs far enough into the storage barn to load the litter carrier. In a modern stable like this, it is possible to work in a great many conveniences that the men will appreciate when doing the work. Arrangements to save steps and hand labor a good many times a day \\ill count up during the year. Average Periods of Gestation The period of gestation in animals varies considerably, but the following is an average period based on a long series of observations: Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2539 $C 00 Ass 12 months Mare . . I I months Cow 9 months Sheep 5 months Goat 5 months Pig 1>\ 2 months Bitch 9 weeks Cat 8 weeks Rabbit 30 days Guinea pig 65 days Louden Machinery Company. Mattoon. 1!!., May 5, 1913. Gentlemen: Your stanchions are the greatest thing to tie cows with that ever was manufactured. The cows can lie down comfortably when tied with them and stand more quietly while being milked. As to strength. I have tied cows that weighed up to I 500 Ibs. that had never been tied, and they certainly gave them a thorough test. Have used them 2 years and have had no expense whatever. Yours very truly. H. F. Hoferkamp. Page Thirty-four T OUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY . ONTARIO Design 256 1 For 40 Cows T r^ : , u,, rr ^,. ...^^t.C- r -.! -; - -r-- j ! 1 I M M 1: : MM<= o M ;ii*^W*;t 1 *.f~ ; :~ 1 1 ivc*o -^d H ^i r 1 ---- - : ! : :~f !~1 :: ;- : ; .n tin K- i 1 M M 1 1 I- W;;U lorijjl^Ub:! 1 31^4- rz..Dt ?*. "" L | :^--^-2;/r^t-- ^X lTev-: rr-- IS _J Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 98 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 16 ft. high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 24 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the ver tical sidewalls in the hay mow are 7 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 37 ft. above the ground. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2561 C QO The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 1 20 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $2880.00. A good farm deserves good buildings. Any farm is good that provides a living for the family. Comfortable buildings help to make a poor farm good and a good farm better. Even the land that has been ruined and "turned out to the Lord" may be brought back to life by the aid of live stock; but first you must have buildings and fences to make the live stock comfortable. Each farm is shy a building or two, and most farms need more fencing. Fences for range, health and pasture; barns and stables for storage and winter feeding. Economy in business often means spending money for necessary improvements. If animals require all their feed to keep them alive and warm, then the grain is being burned for fuel, while the animals are marking time. Time may not be much of an object to the animal, but it is to the owner. Page Thirty-five LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Design 2915 For 40 Cows Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 123 ft. long. The basement wall extends 10 ft. above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 14 ft. high. The lower story is 9} 4 ft- high, the hay mow is 28 ft. high from floor to hay carrier- track. The ridge of roof is 42 ft. above the ground. The basement wall is of hollow tile con struction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Roof covered with sheet asbestos roofing. Mow capacity, 132 tons loose hay. The barn above the basement plank-frame construction and has a hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $8000.00. It is of clear Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2915 $1 Q 00 Sirs: I bought your feed and litter carriers about ten years ago and am using them yet without one cent of expense for repair in any way and it looks to be good for ten years more. The only thing I am sorry for is that I did not get a larger machine as we could just as well use it. We carry the manure about ninety feet after crossing a forty foot barn. Respectfully, J. H. White. La Fayette. 111. Page Thirty-six LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUEUPH.ONTARIO Design 1653 For 40 Cows 82-0- y-FFfi? AtLfy ITY^I I ^P ALLEY Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 82 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 12 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 16 ft. high. The lower story is 8, 1 2 ft. high, the hay mow is 24 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 7 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 37 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 1 20 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $2700.00. Special attention has been given to the proper distribution of windows for light, location of doors for convenience and location of ventilation flues for keeping the barn sweet and sanitary at all times. The hay mow has a capacity of about 90 tons and has a hay chute located at one end so hay can be thrown down into the end of feeding alley. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1653 $C 00 The Louden Machinery Co.. Guelph, Ont. Dear Sirs: I am well satisfied with the Car and Slings; they are among the greatest labour savers on the farm, especially this year, when hay and straw are so short. I can put enough feed into the loft in one day now to last me a month, and no lifting and forking. Wishing your Company a prosperous year, I remain. Yours truly, Geo. Church. Niverville. Manitoba. 4 Page Thirty-seven I OTIDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Design 4002 Description This barn is 60 ft. in outside diameter. The foundation wall extends 30 inches above the ground and the frame side walls are 20 ft. high. The lower story is 8 ft. high, the hay mow is 22 ft. high from floor to carrier track, the vertical side walls in the hay mow are 13 ft. high and the top of roof (not including ventilator cupola) is 40 ft. above the ground. Mow capacity, 95 tons loose hay. The foundation wall, lower floor and silo founda tion are of concrete construction, balance of barn is of plank frame construction. The cost is estimated to be $2,800.00. Cost does not include silo nor approach and bridge to hay mow floor. This barn has the same capacity for live stock, feed and hay storage as the rectangular barn shown en page 39. The round barn covers a ground area of 2,827 square feet which is 651 sq. ft. more than required for the rectangular barn of same capacity. This round barn also requires more feet of track for overhead carriers and all equipment costs more than in rectangular barn because it must be made to special curves. For 32 Cows Curved cement manger construction is also more expensive to build than straight construction. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 4002 $r- QO Page Thirty-eight LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY UP* GUELPH.ONTARIO Design 3982 For 32 Cows This barn has the same capacity for live stock, feed and hay storage as the round barn shown on page 38. The rectangular barn covers a ground area of 2,176 square feet which is 651 square feet less than the area required by the round barn of equal capacity. Description This barn is 34 ft. wide by 64 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 1 8 inches above the ground and the frame sidewalls are 20 ft. high. The lower story is 8 l /2 ft. high, the hay mow is 28 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 1 2 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 40 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 95 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $2500.00. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 3982 $C 00 Dear Sirs: I have used Louden tools for the past ten years and must say that they are as good as any other or better, barn equipment which I got about seven years ago is still in use. Yours truly, P. }. Banman, Morton, 111. Page Thirty-nine ~T~ -^s^ F=^ f QUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Design 1619 For 30 Cows Description This barn is 34 ft. wide by 86 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 18 ft. high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 25 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 9 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 37 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 1 10 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction, and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $2800.00. Besides stalls for thirty cows, this barn has three large pens, one for seven calves, one for bull, and one for cow or young stock. These pens extend from the center feed alley to the outside walls which makes them a good size. The hay chute can be enclosed with door to make it dust proof. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1619 $C 00 Louden Machinery Company. Gentlemen: The Louden goods used by the Iowa State College, consisting of litter carriers, hay tools stalls and stanchions, have proven to be very satisfactory and have proven to be all that you claim for them. We have used more or less of your equipment for many years and find that the cost of repairs has been exceedingly low. Trusting this may be of interest to you. we are Very truly yours. Department of Agricultural Engineering. By J. B. Davidson. Professor of Agricultural Engineering. Iowa State College. Ames. Iowa. Page Forty LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Design 2419 For 30 Cows u Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 80 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 36 inches above the floor, and the frame sidewalls are 6^ ft. high. The story is 9 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 22 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the barn is of concrete con struction. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear span without posts. The cost is estimated to be $1950.00. Price of Complete working In this plan the cows are headed out, and there is a driveway ? lanS r a . nd s P ecifications through the center for the manure spreader, so the manure from Design 24. the gutters may be loaded and hauled to the field with only one handling. The bedding is brought in by the wagon load through the same channel. Even when the storage barn is handy, a wagon is often used for this purpose. If either of the box cow pens are not in use, the extra bedding is pitched m there until wanted. There is an over-head track which runs to the silo to carry silage at feeding time. The same track is supposed to run to the storage barn for alfalfa or other roughage. The Louden Machinery Co., Gentlemen: The Feed Carrier outfit I purchased from you has given entire satisfaction. I have used it for the past two winters and have never had a break. I can highly recommend it to anyone in need of a feed carrier. Yours truly, J. W. Sanborn, Spring Grove, 111. Page Forty-one OUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUELPH , ONTARIO Design 2140 -For 30 Cows i ll ALLEY ALLEY AllCV L. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2140 $C 00 Louden Machinery Company s Is 36 ft. wide by 60 ft. long. The side- walls are 10 ft. high and top of roof is 32 ft. The lower story is 9 ft. high and hay fork track in the upper story hangs 19 ft. above the mow floor. The construction consists of a plank frame with self-supporting roof, having a clear hay mow without posts. Mow capacity, 48 tons loose hay. The foundation wall is of concrete extend ing above the dampness of the ground and the lower floor is of cement with cement mangers, gutters, etc. This barn contains 30 cow stalls facing a center feed alley running lengthwise of the building to the silo at one end. The cost is estimated to be $1700.00. Gentlemen: . -p About six years ago I rebuilt my stable putting in some of your equipment and some ol another make. I wo years later I changed it to all Louden equipment an^ am very well satisfied. After six years constant use it is still strong enough to hold our biggest Holsteins. Yours truly. F. H. Case. Guilderland. N. Y. Page Forty-two I QUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Design 2929~For 30 Cows and Box Pens Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 100 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 5 ft. above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 20 ft. high. The lower story is 8 ft. high, the hay mow is 31 ft. high from the floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 16 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 43 ft. above the ground. Mow capacity, 124 tons loose hay. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $5000.00. Louden Machinery Co., Sirs: About twelve years ago I put a Louden hay carrier and track in my barn, and six years later a Louden litter carrier and track in base ment of barn. They have both given the best .of satisfaction. It is the only satisfactory way for getting the manure from a basement barn. Four years ago I built a silo and installed a feed carrier on the track in basement. It is convenient and a labor saver, as I feed ensilage both inside the It beats carrying ensilage in a basket or cleaning stables on a wheelbarrow. Yours respectfully, W. F. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2929 $r 00 barn and in the bunks outside of it. Desemberg, Norwalk, Iowa. Page Forty-three LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUELPH. ONTARIO Design 3133 For 28 Cows T Description The barn has a center driveway running the full length of it with a door at both ends wide enough to admit a manure spreader. There is a hay chute over each feed alley and a feed carrier track running to the silo. Dear Sirs: I have used your litter carrier now about five years and it is as good as ever. I simply could not get along without it at any price. Thos. Amos. Henderson. Mich. This barn is 36 ft. wide by 64 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 4 ft. above the ground and the frame side- walls are 14 ft. high. The lower story is 8 ft. high, the hay mow is 25 ft. high, from floor to hay carrier track, the vertical side- walls in the hay mow are 9 ft. high and the ridge of roof is 37 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete con struction. Mow capacity, 84 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $2 1 00.00. Price for Complete work ing plans and specifi cations of Design $C 00 3133 . O Page Forty-four f QUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY \ 5 uELPH. ONTARIO Design 1671 For 24 Cows Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 90 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 14 ft. high. The lower story is 8 ft. high, the hay mow is 24 ft. high from floor to hay canier-track, the ver tical sidewalls in the hay mow are 6 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 36 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 1 1 5 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $2880 00. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1671 $C 00 The shelter shed makes a good place to load manure into spreader and for feeding fodder and other roughage from a rack along the wall, and gives good exercise and shelter room for stock in bad weather. If it is desired to feed beef cattle in connection with the dairy stock, this shelter shed can be built larger and used for beef feeding by extending the barn longer and dropping the hay direct from mow, through trap doors into feed racks in the feeding room. In this way this same room could be used for dry dairy stock or for implement or wagon storage or for a sheep fold. Page Forty-five LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Design 1657 For 22 Cows . i CALF PCA/ It Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 60 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 10 ft. above the ground and the frame sidewalls are 8 ft. high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 25 feet high, from floor to hay carrier track, the verti cal sidewalls in the hay mow are 7 ft. high and the ridge of roof is 38 ft. above the ground. The basement wall is of stone construction and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete con struction. Mow capacity, 80 tons loose hay. The barn above the basement is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $2200.00. This barn has a center driveway running the full length of it v/ith a door at both ends wide enough to admit a manure spreader. There is a hay chute over each feed alley and a feed carrier track running to the silo. Price for Complete work ing plans and specifi cations of Design <CC 00 1657 *& Dear Sirs: Will say in reference to the Louden Stanchions that they have given perfect satisfaction. Would not do without them for twice what they cost. Respectfully, W. A. McKENZIE. Springville. Utah Page Forty-six - ^ l-ErErJp AI_L_G=^ . ! !-,,*, /VJC=fcl=^. 1 _ r __ ^ a f Design 3152 For 20 Cows In this plan the cows are headed out, and there is a driveway through the center for the manure spreader, so the manure from the gutters may be loaded and hauled to the field with only one handling. The bedding is brought in by the wagon load through the same channel. Even when the storage barn is handy, a wagon is oflen used for this purpose. There is an over-head track which runs to the silo to carry silage at feeding time. The same track is supposed to run to the storage barn for alfalfa or other roughage. Description This barn is 34 ft. wide by 40 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the floor, and the frame sidewalls are 9 ft. high. The story is 9 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 12 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the barn is of concrete con struction. The barn above the foundation is of plank-rrame construction. The cost is estimated to be $500.00. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 3152 $ QO lFS: In 191 1 I purchased a six tine balance grapple fork of you with track and "FfaJ bought more of your bam equipment. All have, and are giving, the very best of serv.ce and 1 you when in need of anything in your line. ^R L! Kingsley, Edinboro. Pa. Page Forty-seven LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUEIPH. ONTARIO Design 2585 --For 20 Cows A barn adaptable to any climate especially the South and West I rofc. \/o\ Description This barn is 34 ft. wide by 44 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground and the frame sidewalls are 8 ft. high. The story is 9 ft. high. The foundation wall is of concrete construction and the entire floor is of concrete construction. The barn above the foundation is of plank- frame construction and has a clear span without posts. The cost is estimated to be $800.00. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2585 $C 00 Gentlemen; Some years ago we bought one ot your litter carriers with track, in all 400 feet of track. Two years ago we got more about 250 feet of track. I must say we think there is no carrier nor track manufactured that can come up It is handy to ra.se and lower, and strong. It has not caused us any trouble nor five cents for repairs in all years. We can not say too much for this outfit: would not be without it for double the price. Yours. T. T. Johnson. Whalana. Minn. Pagj Forty-eight LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY .ONTARIO Design 1675 For 20 Cows L WLK ROOM I J f ""~"~LlT~fER.""AU \ \>\ t-*| PI-^ I *t&JGf.fy mo I \ o\ While the dairy barn should be located where it will be most convenient for the handling of stock, ifeed, litter, and milk, it should also be arranged to suit its location. This barn suits a certain location and makes a good design where the silo is on the same end as the entrance for litter carrier and where milk and hay is handled at the other end. Description This barn is 34 ft. wide by 72 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 14 ft. high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 21 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 5 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 34 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 80 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $2260.00. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1675 e QQ Gentlemen: The Louden Stanchions that we purchased from you for our new certified dairy cow barns are a great success. They are neat and handy in their working and fill the requirements in every respect. We have frequent occasion to recommend them strongly to others who are constructing up-to-date dairy buildings, and certainly would buy them again in equipping dairy buildings. Yours very truly, E. L. Thompson. Pres., Clover Hill Farms. Portland. Ore. Page Forty-nine Design 2556 For 20 Cows Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 64 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 16 ft. high. The lower story is 9^2 ft- high, the hay mow is 24 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the " vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 6 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 37 ft. above the ground. The cost is estimated to be $1975.00. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 80 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank- frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. We can furnish complete blue-prints for any building illustrated in this book. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2556 $C 00 Louden Machinery Co. Dear Sirs: Last Fall we remodeled our stables fitting them out with the Louden steel stalls, and can recommend them as being easy to operate, impossible for the cattle to unlock, and perfectly satisfactory in every respect. The mangers too, we built after your plan, and find they answer a double purpose, as they not only eat from them, but they drink from them as well, it having been inconvenient to install water basins on account of the cold weather. Yours truly. M. L. Hiley, Sp ingford. Ontario. Page Fifty 4 IQITDEN MACHINERY COMPANY UTTER _ ALLJZY. / BOX. io\ Design 1602- For 20 Cows Description M This barn is 36 ft. wide by 56 ft. long. The frame sidewalls are 1 4 ft. high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 22 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, and the ridge of roof is 34 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construc tion, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity 60 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank- frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $1800.00. BOX The second story has a capacity for 70 tons of loose hay and space for additional bins if they should be wanted. Special attention has been given this design as to light and ventilation. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1602 C 00 Louden Machinery Company, Gentlemen: After trying different tracks and hangers on my heavy barn door, I am satisfied with the Lou (Signed) SAMUEL H. MARTIN, Whitewood, South Dakota P-.ge Fifty-one ARCHITECTURAL DEPARTMENT LOUDEN MACHINF&V rn Design 2562 For 20 Cows Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 46 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 16 ft. high. The lower story is 10 ft. high, the hay mow is 24 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 6 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 37 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 55 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $1 500.00. The man who keeps good stock and builds good buildines to house them, the man to succeed and build up a bus.ness^that g.ve h,m an env.able reputat.on that will reach far beyond the county m which he lives. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2562 OQ Page Fifty-two T QUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Design 2600B For 15 -3&-0 L Cows This barn is of good design where it is intended to start with a herd of 10 to 1 5 dairy cows and breed up to a larger capacity. The cow pens can be used for young stock, yearlings and two year olds until the herd is large enough to fill the barn with milch cows alone. Then the pens can be removed and placed in a separate barn and their place in the barn provided with additional cow stalls, giving the barn a capacity of 28 cows. This barn is designed so it can be built in the bank of a hill and by ex cavating under one half of the barn a basement about 1 8x56 ft., outside measurements can be had for storage of implements or for a shelter shed for loose stock. Mow capacity, 57 tons loose hay. The cost is estimated to be $2300.00. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2600B C 00 Page Fifty-five I.QUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUELPH. JH !!! SI 1*J I /*t^/vgg^ pc^l i/TTf:K ALLE.Y Design 2560 For 15 Cows Description This barn is 36 ft. wide by 40 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 16 ft. high. The lower story is 9 1 2 ft. high, the hay mow is 23 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 40 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The hay mow has storage room for 40 tons of loose hay and also has bins for grain. The cost is estimated to be $1600.00. Gentlemen: We have sold your barn equipment for over ten years. We are well plea-ed with your <?oods. We never have any trouble or complaints with the Louden goods. Yours truly, Iverson-Saeger Hdwe. Co. Vermillion. S. D. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2560 $C 00 Page Fifty-six LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUELPH.QNTARIO ARCHITECTURAL DEPARTMENT LOUDEN MACHINERY CO. FAiRriELDIOWA Design 2564 -For 12 Cows OSC. -XT OCA J Description This barn is 30 ft. wide by 60 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 14 ft. high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 21 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 5 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 34 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 53 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $1750.00. Average Periods of Incubation Chickens 20-22 days Geese 28-34 days Ducks 28 days Turkeys 27-29 days Canary birds 14 days Guinea fowls 28 days Pheasants 25 days Ostriches 40-42 days Pigeons 18 days Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2564 $5,00 Page Fifty -seven LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Design 2558 For 12 Cows and Box Pens Description ^/7 -re*. *\ C M \ 1 ilj 1 --- n**rrr.-.-.<- . ft jl/ t f y sit-t* r , - > ~ BOX *Ef * <%] I ----- - This barn is 40 ft. wide by 50 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 16 ft. high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 26 ft. high from the floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 8 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 39 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 64 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $1600.00. Louden Machinery Company. Gentlemen: I want to write you and tell you how much 1 like the Litter Carrier, and Stalls and Stanchions that you placed in my barn last year. They are without doubt the greatest labor savers of their kind that 1 know of. The Carrier is the great thing to induce good work and a clean barn. Instead of a drudgery it is a pleasure to clean the barn, and the track that we have takes the manure away from the barn door and makes it cleaner for the cows and attendants to get in and out. It has the old wheelbarrow "Skinned a Block," and we could not get along without it. The carrier saves all of the manure, as we have placed the cement floor in the barn following the plans that your agent gave me free. We find it a good thing, and do not know how we got along so long without either of these improvements. That calf stall certainly is the finest thing of its kind going. Yours truly. Fred. W. Green. Decatur. Mich. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2558 $C 00 If your neighbor is going to build tell him about this book and do> both him and us a good turn. Page Fifty-eight T QUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUELPH, ONTARIO Design 1751 For 9 Cows and Young Stock 36-01. SMA/GEK. A--S Q i ? V Description This barn is 28 ft. wide by 36 ft. long. The brick sidewalls are 1 4 ft. high. The lower story is 8 ft. high, the hay mow is 1 7 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 5 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 29 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of brick construction and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete (construction. Mow capacity, 20 tons loose hay. The cost is estimated to be $1300.00. 4LLELV Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1751 $c QQ This is a very substantial barn and designed for a small herd of milch cows that is not to be in creased. As a dairy barn to a country residence this would be ideal. Louden Machinery Company, Dear Sirs: After having ueed the 23 cow stanchions which I purchased from you for over a month I find them thor oughly satisfactory, and like Woodrow Wilson s "New Freedom" for my cows. I could not do without them, and consider no dairy barn fully equipped until they have installed the Louden Wishing you much success, I am Very truly yours, George E. Mann, Owner Indian Point Ranch. Ft. Sumner. N. M. Stanchions. Page Fifty-nine Design 1773 For 7 Cows Description This barn is 28 ft. wide by 28 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 8 inches above the ground and the frame sidewalls are 14 ft. high. The lower story is 8 ft. high, the hay mow is 18 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 6 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 30 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 16 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $950.00. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1773 c 00 Page Sixty LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY GUELPH,ONTARi r I- Design 1748 For 7 Cows Description This barn is 28 ft. wide by 28 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 8 in. above the ground and the frame sidewalls are 16 ft. high. The lower story is 81 2 ft- high, the hay mow is 20 ft. high from floor to hay fork track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 8 ft. high and the ridge of roof is 32 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 1 5 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank- frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The estimated cost is $800.00. -ZQ -o Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1748 $5,00 i i This makes a good barn for the man with a small place and where the herd will not be increased beyond the capacity of this barn. The maternity stall can also be used for calves or horse stall. Page Sixty-ona LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY v r GUELPH.ONTARIO L/TTER ALLEY CALF PF t\l CALF PEN co4/ xsta^ls \(MANCR ^A \ -. FE.E.D ALLEV 1 3 \ TST/B. ^^m COM BULL MILK PEN PEN ROOM Design 1844 For 5 Cows Description This barn is 26 ft. wide by 32 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground, and the frame sidewalls are 12 ft. high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 1 1 ft. high from floor to ridge of roof. The ridge of roof is 22 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 9 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $895.00. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1844 $C QO If your neighbor is going to build tell him about thim book and do both him and us a good turn. Hershey. Pa. To Whom It May Concern: May 15. 1914. As one of the Hershey Farm Managers 1 consider the Louden stalls and fixtures the best 1 have seen or tried. They are better made, simpler, and stronger than any barn equipment in the market that I have yet seen, and we have three different makes in use. I thoroughly recommend them. F. B. Knavely, Mgr. Hershey Farm Company. Page Sixty-two LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Design 1640 For 30 Cows and 18 Horses i i i i i Description This barn is 60 ft. wide by 100 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 1 8 inches above the ground and the frame sidewalls are I 6 ft. high. The hay mow is 23 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, and the ridge of roof is 35 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 1 30 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. A dust-proof partition separates the horses from the cows. The cost is estimated to be $4590.00. Louden Machinery Company, Gentlemen: I received the large Grapple Fork you shipped January 10th, which was in good condition. 1 am well satisfied with the fork. I have been handling short wheat straw. I was surprised to see the fork handle the loose straw so well, which means that I am more than satisfied with it. I would like to have your price on a complete outfit, (track, rollers, hangers, etc.) for a 1 4-feet barn door. Yours very truly, Kelly E. Move, Ridgway, 111. Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1640 <t/ QQ Louden Balance Grapple Fork The fork for Clover hay. The fork for Alfalfa hay. The fork for Timothy hay. The fork for Cow Pea hay. The fork for Soy Bean hay. The fork for Tame hay. The fork for Wild hay. The fork for Heavy hay. The fork for Short hay. We have all kinds of hay forks, but the Balance Grapple is the best fork for all kinds of hay. 4 The Louden Carryall Sling is the greatest for all short forage and for heavy work it has no equal. A whole load has been lifted off with this sling at a single draft. It is factory tested at 3,000 pounds. The Louden Carry- Louden Carryall Sling. all will handle anything in the way of roughage and without shatter ing or waste. It will clean the rack. This is the strongest sling built and allows nothing to fall through. The double lock is per fect in action. Trips as easily with a 3,000-pound load as with one-fourth that weight. Page Sixty-three LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY Design 1943 For 30 Cows and 6 Horses u cU LUQ i i i rr Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 1943 cj- QQ Description This barn is 40 ft. wide by 80 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 18 inches above the ground and the frame sidewalls are 14 ft. high. The lower story is 10 ft. high, the hay mow is 23 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 4 ft. high and the ridge of roof is 37 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction and the entire floor of the lower story is of con crete construction. Mow capacity, 96 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank- frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $3000.00. It would be rather difficult for me to tell you exactly when I first purchased Louden goods. It has been many years. The latest considerable bill of goods from you have been in use since 1910 and like all others which I have in use. bought from you at various times, are giving good satisfaction. Will be in the market again soon: and to me modern barn fixtures are synonymous with Louden. W. M. Black. Makwell, Iowa Page Sixty-four LOUDEN MACHINERY COMPANY r GUELPH, ONTARIO Design 2569 For 20 Cows and 6 Horses the lower story is of concrete construction. Mow capacity, 1 50 tons loose hay. The barn above the foundation is of plank-frame construction and has a clear hay mow without posts. The cost is estimated to be $3800.00. AN OPINION ON LOUDEN HAY FORKS ^ Apison, Tenn. Aug. I, 1914 Louden Machinery Company, Description This barn is 38 ft. wide by 118 ft. long. The foundation wall extends 4 ft. above the ground and the frame side- walls are 12 ft. high. The lower story is 9 ft. high, the hay mow is 24 ft. high from floor to hay carrier-track, the vertical sidewalls in the hay mow are 5 ft. high, and the ridge of roof is 36 ft. above the ground. The foundation wall is of concrete construction, and the entire floor of Price of Complete working plans and specifications for Design 2569 $C 00 Gentlemen: I beg leave to say that the outfit has given entire satisfaction and that I am much bet ter pleased with it than I had thought I would be. I have uced other makes of hay forks but this is the best that I have ever see