MAB Information System news ss he By! Biosphere Reserves | | Compilation 4, October 1986 | tise eae Systeme d'information du MAB | Réserves de la biosphére Compilation 4, octobre 1986 Supplement January 1988 | a _ _ a _ _ _ —~- Prepared for Unesco by the IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre Préparée pour "Unesco par le Centre de surveillance continue de la conservation de la nature de |‘UICN — | A contribution to GEMS - Global Environment Monitoring System INTRODUCTION Compilation 4 on Biosphere Reserves (MAB Information System, October 1986), provided descriptions of all sites designated by the MAB Bureau up to September 1986. Since then there have been two further meetings of the MAB Bureau at which new biosphere reserves have been designated: October 1986 and March 1987. This supplement to Compilation 4 provides an update, covering the 14 new sites and two extensions to existing sites, bringing the total of the biosphere reserve network to 266 sites in 70 countries. This supplement has been prepared for the MAB Bureau by the IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre, January 1988. CONTENTS Algeria Parc National du Tassili Accepted October 1986 Bolivia Estacién Bioldgica Beni Accepted October 1986 Burkina Faso Forét Classée de la Mare aux Hippopotames Accepted October 1986 China Fujian Wuyishan Nature Reserve Accepted March 1987 Fanjingshan Mountain Conservation Area Accepted October 1986 Xilin Gol Natural Steppe Protected Area Accepted March 1987 Cuba Baconao Biosphere Reserve Accepted October 1986 Cuchillas del Toa Biosphere Reserve Accepted October 1986 Guanahacabibes Peninsular Accepted October 1986 German Democratic Republic Middle Elbe Biosphere Reserve Extended and renamed October 1986 Mexico Reserva de la Biosfera "El Cielo" Accepted October 1986 Reserva de la Biosfera de Sian Ka'‘an Accepted October 1986 Netherlands Waddenzee State Nature Reserve Accepted October 1986 Sweden Lake Torne Arera Accepted October 1986 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Tsentralnosibirskii State Nature Reserve Accepted October 1986 United States of America Carolinian-South Atlantic Biosphere Reserve: Santee Delta-Cape Romain subregion Extended March 1987 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge http://www.archive.org/details/mabinformationsy88iucn ALGERIA NAME Parc National du Tassili MANAGEMENT CATEGORY II (National Park) IX (Biosphere Reserve) World Heritage Site (criteria ii, iii and iv) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 2.18.07 (Sahara) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION fTassili Plateau covers an area in the south-east of Algeria. The national park is bounded to the south by the international border with Niger and to the east by that with Libya. 23°00'-26°50'N, 5°20'-12°00'E DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT The site was established as a ‘Historic Monument' and was designated as a national park by the Ministry of Culture. Decree No. 72-168, which was passed on 27 July 1972, created the Tassili National Park, the Historic Monument status was established in December 1979. Designated a World Heritage Site in 1982. With the acceptance of Tassili Plateau as a biosphere reserve in October 1986, the area of the national park was extended to cover the entire plateau. AREA 7,200,000ha. Extended from national park area of 300,000ha created in 1972. LAND TENURE The Tassili massif is pastureland used by nomadic tribes and is therefore state property. In the oases and “centres of cultivation", the local tribes are the owners. ALTITUDE 1,100-2,158m. The altitude of the plateau varies from about 1500 metres in the north and north-west to 1800m in the centre and south. PHYSICAL FEATURES The area covers the Tassili Plateau which runs a distance of 700km from north-west to south-east and is on average 100km wide. Tassili is a mountainous region in the middle of the Sahara, to the east of the Hoggar massif. The plateau forms part of a sandstone layer which surrounds the Precambrian crystalline shield of Hoggar Mountain. It is made up of the Inner Tassili deposits (Ordovician sandstones) and the Outer Tassili deposits (Devonian sandstones) , separated by the Intra-tassilian trench of clay-sandstones. In the south-south-west part, the plateau rises up in an impressive escarpment some 600m above the ergs (shifting sand dunes). The plateau experienced a succession of wet and dry periods in the past and owes its morphological structure and its extraordinary network of steep-sided valleys to one of these paleoclimatic wet periods. At the end of the Upper Pleistocene period, there were huge lakes (in what are today the great ergs) which were fed by rivers flowing down from the Tassili. In some areas perfect plateaux have been formed by fluvial action but their surfaces are furrowed by narrow, deep canyons and wide, dried-up river beds. Elsewhere, wind erosion and the arid climate have strewn the plateaux with rock formations resembling ruins, known as “stone forests". Relatively recent volcanic deposits cover the sandstone and form the Adrar massif of 2,158m. Water is always present in this region; it remains in deep shaded rocky chasms and oueds. The only permanent river in the central Sahara is at Iherir. In the fresh water areas of the Iherir Valley aquatic mosses secrete travertine which forms natural YY ; SPE Ba PE Ae REALS » Latics cok gaie ae zaévbs ueDd) aT . aes Yo Wotae 249 of e erhiy lL agty Es he etd V6 dead O82 Ot ae egeh ta. odin ott ..2¥ms suasen sy ens Anao bat tdaa.® a& DeTSHSIte> tes hab = P igtyi {S30 hebged guy Side A0T-ALS eo aes a: sett Feet At Si rrteth. eng toa) OS .tRPe OF BPS. szaderel” Who oe ; hd anes “Wado 9 AY A are Ps li peadsd 6 st Meoth Se eri idg ets evn: OF * te ieigpiwe; tf tizcam ~ eyaan Wit Kir. dams and lakes cascading from one level to another (Kerzabi, 1986). The landscape has been shaped by severe river and wind erosion which have carved out extraordinary landforms e.g. canyons, riverbeds and dried lakes. Combined with features such as regs, ergs and "stone forests", this makes the landscape of considerable interest. CLIMATE For the last 10-15,000 years, the whole area has been becoming steadily drier, though this process was alleviated to some extent by a slightly wetter period from 4000 to 2000 BC. The plateau is hyperarid, but there are sub-arid microclimates suitable for relict fauna and flora to survive. Mean annual rainfall is 30mm and mean annual temperature is 20.3°C at an altitude of 1,100m. VEGETATION While the plateau itself is extremely barren, there are areas of locally high humidity within the Tassili. Here, deep valleys remain green even though the rest of the massif is arid. The Saharan flora has elements of Mediterranean, Sudano-Deccan and Saharo-Sindien_ species. The mountains (Hoggar and Tassili) support a complex relict flora with a combination of all three elements. The main relict Saharan-Mediterranean flora tree species are the cypress "tarout" Cupressus dupreziana, of which there are about 240 specimens left, olive “aleo in Tamahaq" Olea laperrini and myrtle “tafeltest" Myrtus nivellei. The latter two species grow at the bottom of the wadis or besides permanent waterholes or temporary waterholes - which exist after rainfall and are called “gueltas". Other species include Nerium oleander, Teucrium lavandula, Trianthema pentandra, Silene kiliana, Lupinus pilosus and Convolvulus fatmensis. FAUNA The fauna is diverse and has both tropical and palaearctic origins. That present to-day has been influenced by climatic fluctuations in the past. There are high numbers of spiders, insects and reptiles in relation to mammals. Threatened species include Barbary sheep Ammotragus lervia (V) and cheetah Acinonyx jubatus (Vv). Locally rare’ species include gundi Ctenodactylus vali and large-toothed rock hyrax Procavia capensis. roan antilope Hippotragus equinus, addax Addax nasomaculatus (E) and scimitar oryx Oryx dammah (E) seem to have disappeared. The whole region is important for resting migratory palaearctic birds, species including Eurasian bittern Botaurus stellaris, little bittern Ixobrychus minutus, black-crowned night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax, squacco heron Ardeola ralloides, white stork Ciconia ciconia, glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellis, short-toed eagle Circaetus gallicus, lesser kestrel Falco naumanni, European hobby F. subbuteo, European quail Coturnix coturnix, Eurasian spotted crake Porzana porzana, corncake Crex crex (abundant) and northern stone-curlew Burhinus oedicnemus. CULTURAL HERITAGE The entire site is of international importance for a series of ancient cave paintings. The most noteworthy pre-historic remains include: rock paintings in the national park and the plateau of Tasghirt; rock engravings of large fauna and of man in the Wadi Djerat Canyon; rock engravings of the fauna of the Sahara on the Plateau of Dider; stone monuments at Fadnoun; rich archeological remains in the southern zone; and neolithic remains, such as sculpture, pottery, grinding implements and enclosure walls as well as material from the lower and middle paleolithic periods, in the Fort Tarat region and in the Djanet region. A chronological sequence in cave paintings exists. For example, those of the Equidian period present stylised figures and frequent scenes of moufflon hunting, while in those of the Cameline period incorporate inscriptions in tifinagh characters, which is the same alaphabet as used by the Tuareg today. Radio-carbon dating has indicated the archaeological remains as being from the period 6000 to 2000 BC. , ehdae anit) VIGO AE he, gulicads Mal Baa used #4 Modabw milpare BH ié ¥. ay." ' ’ | 5 Ben eqasebmal - eon heed yh Basa saetesy 7 ei ; ‘ : yi2e (bane gee tee | = ddd wie cidd is W«¥. aje 4 yt ‘een e¢ down 20503008 ijt as ebieeas wo" 14 i esi Bee low ct eed = 4 ‘ 1 j an ae yO, Bee sei ie epee = : oat 0196 Lined aes adi Gotten. S-OOOe oe TQOe..@nri divneg teliow ih ‘ anvet Fatiow Ass. alaeriva vo: fool bise-dvn weet aa thowan wasn bas wor wi Fiirley feu eet ee a vous SOR ma ai bee! jae Gt Wend) sein at? uiid ee ATaSS¥ oo | /itreiaxe ads HKivelw «iota ag eee “he Gemee. ade Bink Gi Riense ef! te seen and 6 Ps a" Wesonie ave te aS aay aah Sat ies ata £. a oe , ; “tat bap etawvi> of anget, f fbesneubin, ceed wat 4ah-a914 veapin qe TO. a yelmin — dy yOpisai Tilctne pPpaw i) & y LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION The total population of the plateau is approximately 3,000, consisting of sedentary and nomadic people. The majority of the plateau is unoccupied. Stock raising and agriculture are confined to the centres, while grazing is confined generally to the wadi floor. Settlements at the edge of the area include Djanet (the largest, with 5,000 inhabitants) and Illizi. VISITORS AND VISITOR FACILITIES The number of tourists are increasing and an airport has been constructed at nearby Djanel. Crossing of the massif is generally only practicable for four wheel drive vehicles while access to most areas is by foot or on camel. The office of the Tassili National Park (OPNT) is located in Djanet. It controls and supervises tourism in the national park. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES It is planned to establish a station within the reserve which will act as a base for studies on the flora and fauna. At present, most facilities are located in the surrounding villages. Ongoing studies include: ageing by dendochronology of the Duprey cypress, natural resource inventories and conservation of the rock-art. CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT Emphasis is placed on conserving the rock-art sites and relict cypresses. A management plan exists for only one region of the area, near Djanet, where wardens and guides control visitor movements. A management plan for the whole Tassili Plateau is under preparation with the aim of giving priority to protecting the most sensitive areas. Zones have not yet been delineated, but buffer areas are planned that include areas of ergs that surround the area: Erg Admer to the south-south-west, Erg Tihodaine to the south-west and Erg Isaouane to the north. Work on the management plan has included a seminar held in Djanet from 22-27 December 1986 and work by a Unesco consultant in January 1987 with the national authorities. Draft recommendations are currently being examined by the national authorities (MAB, 1987). MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS The ecosystems of the area are very fragile and are vulnerable to changes in the equilibrium between the human population and the environment. The impact of tourism poses a problem, particularly the impact of litter and threat to resources, such as the cypress which is attractive to collectors. STAFF Forty-four BUDGET No information LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Office du Parc National du Tassili, Ministere de la Culture, Parc Zyriab, Salah Bouakouir, Alger REFERENCES Barry et al. (1970). Essai de monographie du Cupressus Dupreziana Bul.Soc.Hist.Nat. d'A.N., 61.12. SNED, Alger. Bernard. (1953). Recherche zoologiques et médicales, memoire I. IRS, Alger. Dubief (1959). Le climat du Sahara, TomeI. IRS, Alger. Dubief (1963). Le climat du Sahara, TomeII. IRS, Alger. Etchécopar et Hiié. (1964). Les oiseaux du Nord de l'Afrique, Boubée. Fabre (1978). Introduction a la géologie du Sahara algérien. SNED, Alger. oT eecenn, Ot sat hove : aatael 10905 igen gQeleta ~ wigencea BF -(Pasngoy -“weataans 4 yuitets abfoue + ae ee #34 totecd = hot Maeda ty wy a gee Lt ; alae aH aed & aie eile sad toe-aptaup to 17 OAs Faparee civheo- se- Dans yong ¢ ielaexr BYES). feos fict-- sy Ot det isoa.g ve oil Say AalTie oft teas ob s¢ jo0% gh ae eid ebeiynequa hos wfowdnos 22) Jeerto ol sane aE Giada aj Ji 2abtaccons wip. tooled y eid abe soe Fite “iidw evaored 2 Seen ots csistilos! syaon .Jowcesg Pree =. goFatandssinas fad nokons eivioni evtbed& I WF Je noiApvieiass Vw welaovesval so woRmE, im BG Heoiy ae: Pixar PHBA? AAI ize lu tasaaene A .ApaaeTyeD i ay Aas pedi — jadatd IY Ubtesae ela ond +92 nal: es wit Gatteeze.g ov Eltsoire yolk Wes east yotsod jun! vossgattay 4 wits a webs Wee -oo7%8 wits So" wits saatee ee bn I dank ol kisi zs: 7 Baty YECL” vasnan a ae PO aie. ont): gpa IUCN (1986). 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. CMC, Cambridge. 105pp. Kerzabi, a (1986). Les populations et la protection du patrimoine de la region d'iherir - pare national du tassili n'ajjer. Man and the Biosphere (MAB) workshop florac, France. Leredde (1957). Etude écologique et phytogéographique du Tassili N'Ajjer. Mémoires II. IRS, Alger. MAB (1987). Info MAB. 8. Unesco. Ozenda (1958). Flore du Sahara sept. et central. CNRS, Paris. Quézel (1962). Nouvelle Flore de l'Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales. CNRS, Paris. DATE October 1987 0716P [ae | ethibia tgncdnens Fo. AANe, osu UY 3 Ke bh cat 2e07g si tc groltaeqeq oe: attest Fiitsey! ob Leeda: ‘239 sisodi*> 2olgem Spe TS 1, CSRS eopudvow (sat) oredr Oh., ibges goo rsyde ve. eu) go(ek tS co ea ogee. 's t8GuS be = 1s gle oT! wines f + ‘ies ff ere BOLIVIA NAME Estacion @hilegipn #24/ | SRAACOUENT CATEGCET SY CUGRERAE Haine’ Hemqeees sod th (Bicsphera Reserve) “? taneeen Cheue Fivewet) JSASTES Tes shte 12 in the previews of Ballivian and Yacume the Oegartaee. “f Geni. twighbourine Weeen fettiements ioclude San The south Binedery reks peareliel. to the San Berja - San Ignacio de Mighway. Meetigul Wiver forms the wael bewndery ant Chirigua Creek tho Pane Sesedacy. ja" 28's, 66° 18'v ; Retadlished ax «@ blosphere roserve oa 4 1982, Gy Gupreme Decree 1919] of the Preeidency of the Republic of J) MEcepted aa @ biosphere reserve in Gntober i986. - 185, 000na the consists of quaternary (aia ait ae engine: sor, Wave .(THL) wivtl a Cochrane, Th.T. (1973). El Potencial Agricola del Uso de la Tierra en Bolivia. British Tropical Agriculture Mission. Ellemberg, H. and Muller-Dumbois, D. (1967). Appendix B. Tentative physiognomic ecological classification of plant formations of the earth (revised). Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. Hueck, K. (1978). Los bosques de Sudamerica. Sociedad Alemana de Cooperacion Technica. Ibanez, B. (in press). Inventario Preliminar de Mamiferos en la EBB. IUCN (1986). 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. CMC, Cambridge. 105pp. Marconi, M. and Hanagarth, W. (1984). Notas Preliminares de los Lineamientos de Manjeo de la EBB. Universidad Mayor de San Andres. Roche, M. and Rocha, N. (1983). Mapa de Isoyetas de la Republica de Bolivia. SENAHI-PHICAB-ORSTOM. Registros de 1951-82. DATE September 1987 0508Q Bacay ait. i fhm gion ipa ew hat a saleuth el a invrhaot aig esa Wisp CH iliisexca. ~ qth anu ta ot aterm eur} : i fhe hea eeOL, 2d BI eicreey- nese cakitgic:: yssenéd Sen eee oeras ed i Ae yin heal naber- gan F Chan eee b i . : ‘ = OTE) od enhl od pn ee a a ae er ee ~ nae ray qe pa Bhan “i + - } md} Palle | is +" nit’ sal ipl) 0 i ales ened P - ‘.’ s aa ¢ ; pF ‘+ Band — 2 J i Ay . ‘ Tey SP et we Riki =: ‘ 3 Ce a ey inal a ber 4 i . } gens 4 vm a a LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION There are five villages (Badema, Bala, Bossora, Paramasso and Sokourani) in close proximity to the reserve. Slash-and—burn agriculture is practised, the main crops cultivated being Pennisetum americanum and Sorgum spp. At Bala, the main activity in the dry season is fishing. Women collect fungi in the wet season. VISITORS AND VISITOR FACILITIES Tourists visit Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso to watch hippopotamus. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES In 1978 the CNRST began preliminary studies of the reserve. The attraction of the forest for education and research lies in the richness of its communities. A list of research projects is given by Magdalue (1986). CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT A management plan is under preparation (Maldague 1986). The proposed system of zonation comprises a core area to the north of Leyessa River, with three buffer zones to the south-east and north-east. The zone proposed for experimental research will contain the Mare aux Hippopotamus. A training/tourist zone has been proposed but its location is unknown. A zone of influence extending beyond the reserve to surrounding villages is planned. In the south-west of the country, rice is becoming an increasingly important crop and with it the demand for suitable wetland. Thus the status of the reserve as a protected area will become more important. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS Uncontrolled dry season burning and traditional slash and burn agricultural practices are the main threats. STAFF Fifteen, including four administrative and six research personnel BUDGET No information LOCAL ADMINISTRATION IRBET/DGRST, BP 7047, Ouagadougou REFERENCES Anon (1986). Notes on the special working session on the conservation of the biological communities of West and Central Africa, Ouagadougou (Upper Volta). 4-10 February 1986. (In French) Hippopotames. Draft rapport de la consultation au Burkina Faso. 30 June - 9 July 1986. (In French). IUCN (1986). 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. CMC, Cambridge. 105pp. Maldague, M. (1986). Projet de Réserve de la Biosphére de la Mare aux Spinage, C.A. and Traore, S. (1984). Résumé des aires de faune protégées et propositions. MET Working Document No. 5S. DATE September 1987 0715P : aimdd a } aege ; ara if balaved tivo él gi iyi ese - oe OTIRTY, ' ail Pal Seu? ath a: J64492 allio Maeten tH galt A. lank jis Ss” oo : Py, o) gIkOE: Ge2% t iw docdnia . (oval eed ear enhs +4 fac Pacyid Tree tage 3heu i. ws Ao Jaber oy on? nat oie 3) bie Saw qorr tanjtogel 45 ‘& orapses fi 16 Wiazust . paanar CE Wee eel ee sot r eden iag alee oy wis tenltress erases Re O¥isaytefalghu owe) yotdoien yneedy, b- " noi sano & WOR — andeion-tnzigs ef) po peated ir ned bee see 34 onisi aes ‘eae At) ear ete ies. - ay nid saoddte mL ph Tavquer stent, ae eat, Aetsigey at) Ot ve -« Syed muh 2 | Se RL go ROS OBES td a. CHUIMA FUJIAN PROVINCE Eee Pasion Wiyleher Hateee Bans (by MABAGRGE CATERSRY «AW ArtamEET Seuters Forer ys: ii TH CREAR Feedrwe es ee rt ee Si eae Seete., ecliowown Forest) Ae. Fe te eeeoweet Of Fudien Province. Towns Pies 2a ata toe he the wast, Zhaili end Guangee to 4, one Rhamsew Us Gee cee PPAR ess), aarrze-ii7°si's Woyiekan Nature Boserve wae ratified by the TS?* Te was alee tatified ac a national hoy ie @uiy 1979 aad accepted by Unesco an « Phe geotagy of the area eensiats of granite and voldente the teek keg produced mahy Valleys and cliffs and a general The Highugr poiat in the area is Huanggang Shan Mountein. area enperivnces the lewest temperatures and the highest ip Fujian Province. lepmet ot fooe _ a! wile the " popes lav re) “4 peetes ale een ayes) Belin aciaesint m8 il ee a yl . —_ * ipa ein Deorewa>. GS vet 8 ope oll? ; pi i Farroil eS ee ae Teste el Oe Ly” Sek eptaattarne nts eee be me "o shaded tad Ered ane sy : fe Du et ET yon ase Ae si i LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION There are three villages with a total of 2,080 residents in the reserve. The nature reserve administration allows people to plant trees, collect bamboo, gather fungi, manage stock and practice agriculture within the experimental zone. VISITORS AND VISITOR FACILITIES There are more than 3,000 visitors annually. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES Research subjects that have been investigated since 1979 include geology, geomorphology, climatology, soil science, geobotany, zoology and microbiology. CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT The area is divided into two a core area of 44,376ha and an experimental area of 21,180ha. There is no management plan. Interpretation exercises include talks and the Wuyishan Newsletter. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS No information STAFF Eighty-two BUDGET No information LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Management Division of Wuyishan Nature Reserve, Chongan County, Fujian Province REFERENCES IUCN (1986). 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. CMC, Cambridge. 10S5pp. Unesco nomination DATE November 1987 1502vV Be page ltis esata? set biden elnTede evinsos eiiden «ft ,bgeu) Sat = ouGand ante TA Piet Sr er yal wo sah Ged? | gay eT sta8 vine yaa te Sarr atyee CW. MORAS EEA men . tactioog sPeitet PACl syRis ‘bese ee tO hee Bd yaofene. , eaadedoas . eae oF ons. ust! bei VA af eave @it SOeReMAe ROTERY Set etoRD, is ly ehte Ehddeeivegs ney bie BREAD at Fant eoxkszese nalisg Pet gsee tA | ow syibond 3 cd ~ qd gte celsemmote? Of, aplatyit sneangenas WwOoSTSS RE boc iveme ashe -iMA CBT Aro NOSE Fenjingeben Howitials Qooeervarion acwe SUAGCEMEAT CATROORE 20 (keene Nature Rosorve) wh : tH ‘hiyweher< Basarve) =. Wi..28.. (Chinese Subtropical Forest) ayewated. in the sorth-east of Guithow Province, fs he main pesk of the Woling Mountains The area pacts of three ecunties: Yengjiang, Shontac and Jiengkon. ~£e7 " aR, xyOBAS ‘ 55"--108*48 - 20”2 MASTORY OF SSTAGLI SIME: The edminiotrative ceguiations fer Guizhou heee were set i Peper of Government Ho.(#4)@. ‘fhe admiulstretive meneres of forest and wild-sGimale wero announted dy the Stabe Sowncil In Bre 2% te GOW Raown when (he reserve wan first wstabliched. Accepted by r a6 a bieaphore ceserve In Cetoter 1406. r . Tal Soha, tocludiog 26,.667be core ares CHINA — GUIZHOU NAME Fanjingshan Mountain Conservation Area MANAGEMENT CATEGORY IV (Managed Nature Reserve) IX (Biosphere Reserve) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 2.01.02. (Chinese Subtropical Forest) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Situated in the north-east of Guizhou Province, Fanjingshan Mountain is the main peak of the Wuling Mountains. The area includes parts of three counties: Yengjiang, Shontao and Jiangkon. 27°49'50"-28°1'30"N, 108°45'55"-108°48'30"E DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT The administrative regulations for Guizhou Province were set in Paper of Government No.(84)78. The administrative measures of forest and wild animals were announced by the State Council in 1985. It is not known when the reserve was first established. Accepted by Unesco as a biosphere reserve in October 1986. AREA 41,533ha, including 26,667ha core area LAND TENURE State ALTITUDE 480-2,570m PHYSICAL FEATURES The mountain area is part of a large, ancient anticline formed during the Fanjingshan tectonic movement, which lasted 1.4 billion years and produced a diverse, beautiful natural landscape with deep gorges and rock outcrops. The rock is slightly metamorphosed rock of the Proterozoic Erathem. The whole area is remarkably free from pollution. Fanjingshan Mountain is the watershed for the Yuanjain River and the Wujang River. There are nine main streams cutting into the canyon bottom with a radical drainage system coming down from the peak. CLIMATE Mean annual temperature is 12.2°C and mean annual rainfall is 2535mm at 1200m. Vertical climatic zones may be classified into middle subtropical, north subtropical, south temperate and middle temperate. The south and north-eastern slopes have a lower temperature range and heavier rainfali than the contrasting south, north and west slopes. A temperature inversion level is often observed at 1300-1900 m. VEGETATION The mountainous habitat, with its wide range in altitude, supports a diverse flora. So far about 3,000 species have been identified. Five zones of vegetation can be distinguished (Researchers, 1982): evergreen broadleaf (up to 1,300m), mixed evergreen-—deciduous broadleaf (1,300-1,900m), deciduous broadleaf (1,900-2,100m), subalpine coniferous (2,100-2,350m) and subalpine shrubbery and meadow zone (above 2,350m). Forests cover 80% of the reserve area (Anon., 1982), with hardwood species comprising 89% of the forest cover (Anon., 1982). Hardwood species identified include: chinquapins Castanopsis spach, oak Cyclobalanopsis oerst, beech Fagus spp., hemlock Tsuga carr, hemlock-fir Tsuga chinensis-Abies fargesii, rhododendron Rhododendron spp., maple Acer spp., sorbo Sorbus spp., plum Prunus spp., small bamboo Arundinaria nakai Chinese yew Taxus chinensis, Chinese tuliptree Liriodendron chinensis and Chinese dovetree Davidia involucrata. A total of 151 species of fungi have been identified (Anon., 1982). _ Q M . J ; i> "lb glhaabel edd a one yO 1.45 i i RD apdei yer i. wet # “a —_ hb freegoe “xe ome «car ve * ‘ie toe sty he svi? +, Sea Wusegs FS natty parva fl 00 «i S80{ velcdsd of erenaws ageiyedge @ ah eee geg0 ames, ge torical i als ae PPE aeeivoer «fi *) ia a plu! whee nedmughiee’, «da oi ¥ PON Po isnt (ba veonpete. nt: : ecasian yikiylle. ss, nets . wT ” wits ig welt etiae 63° eae bist = ‘aga jd, ot eqdgyuaus iG imtoo wh seb aeidtes wesavse. oF eee dd san) pooh ‘ 4. af -et omha see. porn : A, aif van. trae aidaitta> ra. » Le qiacvaqeel Mme... see Seetine qeweat.-5 vo eh ras 4 ase hut oye. ¢4aye oy : a eh DEOt Cae. ae FAUNA The dominant faunal components of Fanjingshan Mountain are from the Oriental Realm, as well as many features of the subtropics. Sixty species and subspecies of mammals have been identified including 13 species that are considered rare in China. Species include the golden monkey Rhinopithecus brelichi, tiger Panthera tigris (E), Assam macaque Macaca assamensis, rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta, forest musk deer Moschus berezovskii, tufted deer Elaphodus cephalophus and mainland serow Capricornis sumatraensis. The avifauna includes 128 species of breeding birds, 95 species of resident birds and 33 species of summer visitors. Of these, 4 species are not common, Chinese tragopan Tragopan temminckii, mandarin Aix galericulata, Reeves' pheasant Syrmaticus reevesi and golden pheasant Chrylophus picus. The reserve's herpetofauna belongs to the Oriental Realm; 40 species and subspecies of reptiles belonginging to 24 genera and including 2 locally native species are present. There are 34 species and sub-species of amphibian belonging to 10 genera, with 3 locally native species and 9 of economic value including the frog Microhyla_ mixtura and giant salamander Megalobatrachus davidianus. CULTURAL HERITAGE Cultural remains date back to the Ming Dynasty and can be seen in the form of ancient tablets and ruined structures. Ancient temples on the mountain tops are evidence that the area was of religious importance. LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION There are no towns but a few villages lie within the area. Known activities are agriculture and forestry. VISITORS AND VISITOR FACILITIES No information SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES Scientific interest in the area dates back to the beginning of the century. A scientific survey was conducted in 1982. Facilities include research and field stations and experimental plots. Medicinal plants have been the subject of several studies over a number of years. Floral surveys in 1958, 1960 and 1981 have led to a general compilation of 413 species, many of which are used in traditional Chinese medicine. CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT Apart from the landscape value of the gorges, the reserve supports a substantial variety of flora. The vegetation in the core zone consists of primeval forest. The fauna is diverse and includes several locally rare species. The system of zonation consists of core areas totalling 26,667ha in which any form of disturbance is prohibited, a buffer zone of 14,466ha and a tourist belt of 4,000ha. A management plan does exist and the Management Office of Fanjingshan Mountain Reservation is responsible for its implementation. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS No information STAFF Eighty two, including forty two administration staff of whom three are university-trained. Research staff include five university-trained staff and ten technical personnel. BUDGET No information LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Management Office, Fangjingshan Mountain Reservation, Shaixinglu, 100, Jiankon, Guizhou REFERENCES Anon. (1982). Scientific survey of the Fanjingshan Mountain Preserve. IUCN (1986). 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. CMC, Cambridge. 105pp. Se shatoem gevnertiegsi + y dap RereRus ce Givie ..€glgo74dor a2 > hadi ‘ ee sable St .getbyloa? po ' patter a oak “re? atv tiga ~ Srabeny tetae i 4 ot a <éue boas sft Levey, 8 &; ne peiomgs eLivaec oly infep f1h5 anol OF doth ated tofemar Geietiv’ 4) .aT7RF ANOT IUD _ . ay epi kha edilday Jeera 19 e303 -e8T Oe pink > Pst ri fara OCS 4042 woyelht*a ote #903 aes one i ’ hit owes is Sse |.Aier oa Oh. otalt WOl TMOG : psig fee cen difel rs: cin 20]) 22900 éslgemote! wu TtiLugay WOrtee ae Paigk Sehnaice TELLIN age ts, 2 Sitio ise | Ysene> gt! te ssinntged fe Brae ope ASieiets §=6shrisgl ~TS donde -od! aged saved . peas CBee at ir sete 1% (one pty mov? Jongh svizhe tabse ht - Fone feune! ty ‘Se % oedige adr dab oege ais Ye eo) cam. Ooftae 4 {fi 906 Jeioees 2» wmligatinet ta wad Jianchanpo (1975). Sense of geographical distribution of Fagus forests in Fanjingshan mountain of Guizhou. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinca 13: 5-18. Zhu Shougian and Yang Yeqin (1985). The structure and dynamics of Fagus Lucidia forests of Guizhou Province. Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica 9: 183-191. DATE 1983, reviewed October 1987 0812V - ; P , . “ sarh.6 4 i OP suabieteye feoce7s en vets = Sa Panes dwuld p24. ve divtXt we on © yk % oa. aa - vv : ite CHIMA — INWEE MONGOLIA MAE Kilian Gok Welurs) Stappe Protected Area MmmasENT cATECCEY ix (Micephére@ Reserve) PAICAL FROWIECR 2.30.04 (Mongolias—Manchurian Steppe) WATIO Fitusted on the Mongolia platesu in Xilin Gol District Veer Mongolian Autonomous Region Mo informaticn isa available the boundary of the atea. 4@3°36'M, 116°22'K STORY STAR! TENT The Becree declaring the area as a Resource “end Exper 1/Seientific ceserve Mex pasted on 19 Mey 1985. The takes tte form of document Wo; 98°9)) amt was issued by the CGeaeral Of. the Inner Mongolien Autenoamus Begion Government. Accepted by oe ‘@ bloephere coserve in March 17¢/. ; i fy i : H : a : ; land in lakes without reaching the sea. Virtnite Dalai Nur which is a perennial valt-leke Desert Lies betwoen Kilin River and fe Gel fiver Mowe aorth ae the area, leeting to tts wits sorth of Abogner Qi, which iteelf te * have Included research CHINA — INNER MONGOLIA NAME Xilin Gol Natural Steppe Protected Area MANAGEMENT CATEGORY IX (Biosphere Reserve) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 2.30.11 (Mongolian-—Manchurian Steppe) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Situated on the Mongolian plateau in Xilin Gol District of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region. No information is available describing the boundary of the area. 43°34'N, 116°22'E DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT The Decree declaring the area as a Resource reserve and Experimental/Scientific reserve was passed on 19 May 1985. The Decree takes the form of document No. 98(95) and was issued by the General Office of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region Government. Accepted by Unesco as a biosphere reserve in March 1987. AREA 1,078,600ha with a core zone of 1,471lha LAND TENURE State ALTITUDE 950-1,506.6m PHYSICAL FEATURES The topography of the area consists of hills alternating with small basins in a region of extinct volcanoes. The semi-arid region is characterised by rivers that end inland in lakes without reaching the sea. Large lakes in the vicinity include Dalai Nur which is a perennial salt-—lake and Oagan Nur which is a freshwater lake. Desert lies between Xilin River and Hulai Tu River. Xilin Gol River flows north through the area, leading to its end in a lake, 50 miles north of the town of Abagnar Qi, which itself is situated to the north of the area. CLIMATE Mean annual temperature is 10.7°C and annual precipitation range is 326.5-448.9mm at 1,160m. VEGETATION There are about 625 species of flowering plants, most of them xerophilous with Mongolian elements. The dominant vegetation type is steppe and species include Aneurolepidium chinense, Stipa grandis, S. krylovii, Filifolium sibiricum and Cleistogenes squarrosa. Where the habitat is more }sandy species include Picea meyri, Populus davidiana and Ulmus pumila. FAUNA Species include Mongolian gazelle Procapra picticaudata and rodents, such as daurian ground squirrel Citellus dauricus, daurian pika Ochtona jdaurica and Mongolian five-toed jerboa Allactaga sibirica. Birds of prey are jpresent among the avifauna. |CULTURAL HERITAGE No information }LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION Within the area there are 1,200 families supporting a population of 9,600. VISITORS AND VISITOR FACILITIES No information |SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES Past surveys have included research on Brassland vegetation and fauna. Current monitoring activities include monitoring the water quality of Kilin River. mnhe ada - Sap. te = Seeuroeiu ~ adt gis ie oly 3} 20 Gat sie Seht ae et ore sin pat. ast! ic aL peta ‘ marr Peas ore Sault 326) wi _—— bo he frezt# - als eo dba lie «wi = avue val ‘i df weet gation: Taoghd_ od aG2° trwisy Py heeried e ors. eiblon eaveee wt 3 Seman hel ost nf = ot sak 4 9 Oe boop 7 CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT There are five core areas in which all activities are forbidden. The core areas are as follows: Chagan naubau meadow grassland 500ha), Hueiten Xile meadow grassland (31lha), Haliute plain steppe (50Oha), Residual picea meyeri woodland (80ha), and Residual poplar and birch woodland 80ha, Collaberative work has included an international symposium on grasslands in 1985. Scientists and students come yearly to study the grasslands. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS No information STAFF 122, including 20 who are administrative and 102 who are research and technical staff. BUDGET No information LOCAL ADMINISTRATION The Management Office, Xilin Gol Natural Steppe Protected Area, Xilin Hot, Inner Mongolia REFERENCES IUCN (1986). 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. CMC, Cambridge. 105pp. Li bo (1985). Grassland resources in Xilin Gol stock breeding farm of Inner Mongolia. Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection Department of Inner Mongolia. Kilin Hot. Yong Shi Peng (1985). General distribution of nature in Xilin River basin of Inner Mongolia. Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection Department of Inner Mongolia. Kilin Hot. Wang Jui Wen et al. (1985). A research on characteristics and classification of soil in Xilin River basin of Inner Mongolia. Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection Department of Inner Mongolia. Xilin Hot. DATE November 1987 1500V , (eats) mat qua Sehirat bos > marl nowey foqeirtear*sini oc ianeigy and - yh pt ner eliasy o ‘hike SOL Law gyi saass Mmrabe eLirn peoTVio 8 eewegead a!Tesug” aenas é ‘vlged oa_bensiae vt 9 bi DGhiih G2. 2827 %: 83 Hotiamete oS tauye 4 ; 408 aifis.: al cegece ve iW sac c poe fea tullieD iver owe D Beunanen? ain) Bus «6 : «piiepeae pag eich (stinger isotet hy ee rain aang shcONy) oho ee is ee ea ae oe tanned ivnd fae om i SomPad ~ Bed Teet Butonae Ci uvdievs CHG N OY this tha wee eae Wee: DR: Wit «FAS. at oma ) agit ens-of Cube, tie ecee et ae eerlnee ead Cueetisamo vs Sc oh te wbbeeted Pion sweat of ditumes and ‘Oalgobri, ere Se ie ‘iey *S6. *GLILI® ‘eGOLoOKs “Geete Sie 01 37 3 epyewrs a a Adie ett corto ott tian ae Sin Gale ed? guittegey oot he kwh bodrtentqal aged eadc Raat astin 66] Yes sded . Sut amet ere ‘Vivid Oqitds c*,atbal Ie vols aioe eal aeasene pits, STAFF One hundred and forty three people work in the reserve, including five administrators with university education. BUDGET No information LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Plan Baconao Esfera de Areas Protegidas, Calle 13 #256 - Vista Alegre, Aptdo. 335, Santiago de Cuba. REFERENCES Garrido, 0.H. (1975). Catalogo de las Aves de Cuba. Instituto de Zoologia. Havana. IUCN (1986). 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. CMC, Cambridge. 105pp. Perera, A. and Rosabal,P. (1986). Las Areas Protegidas en Cuba. Flora Fauna Y Areas Silvestres 2: 13-17. DATE November 1987 0510Q ‘ lahat aitd té Soe eiqoey wie? ¥430% bis Sechnwd aeldendis Wiisreviay toils gcag 4b re hab " i wes @AGQA ob ste icy a 9 Pals f ORs Wet eee Wet 0b speldase . dt och . UTD? in 44 “rt ~ wm en ita AUN gb eth abs 9b 0508800 Cd ie Hills aN Ss plain ontaonss a a ber eo ie ee 08 Be : - Verte. | © SPNRYPOST akesk ens .(9BES) 9, iecexcel: Rare ti Pee ; Tit! °F gumtaem el ; ; | : 4 {a8 i | ? a as ie ae . . © 7 a 9 +e yee Se z era = 4 - a fe = od ee a 7 UG« Pu er 8 es " "7 Pe at ; CUBA pyOechiilen del Tou Biosphere Reserve STeRY Cupeyal del Norte: ft firict Natute Reserve) Whole area : YK (Steosphere Reserve) PHICAL PROVINCE 6.39.13. (Cuban) MICA OCATION The reserve le situated in ‘the most eastern region of extends «ver parts of Segua do. Tanamo, Moa, Yateras ond Yungue do feminicipelitias. “The Yengue do Baracoe deaignated nationel monument te the ‘south-east The ceserve boundectes. ave) ta the south and the Toe River; to the worth Moe) Areoyon and-Jiguant Rivers; to the ; & the coastline; and im the south-east, corner the Duaber River. Peeo*35 ‘wu, 74°30" 75°08 ‘w oa : HESTORY OF ESTARLANGMENT Protection fe based on iegisletion 751 of 22 Febroacy 19%) Accepted by Unesco ag a biosphere reserve. in P2986. | 227, 500he. : State DE 0-1,239m FEATURES Orographically, she ceserve belongs to the Sagua-Beracoa and includes Cuchilios @e Moe, Cachillas @el Tos end Alturas) de | Stratigraphically, «ho venerve is one of the oldest ereas tn Cuba, of Lower-Middia Jurassic (terctgenoug clastic-metamorphic) and acecis. (terrigencud dleetic, cathonate, voleaniclastic) rocks. rin in the «cee ate Mesozole. igneous rocks, both Sulteabesic te derpendinite) and basle (gabbro, dolerite) and those of Paleocend, and Hotene periods. from o« geomorphological poist of view the © Peonsists principaliy of eroded tectonic blocks, whieh correspond. to ted medibum-height mountains ‘between | ‘$00 and. 70Gre: a Scene 4g sffocted by the Gulf Stream hand the north-east sitiheiatentl faviest rein falle in September and Octobec and the hurricane season is /$une Gnd November. The reserva experiences af “entormaxerico” fiumid climate and an annual hanger atuee range of 58 gp ag ipitation cange is 3,000-4, 000mm. Biogeographically Cuba isa province, with flora” snes theslay ia that of the Amazon. Province, adeh ogg, seen ee een nore. sae ernie recente: oeee ers : as ef verotetion kre wmectass. rain fereet: imatorral (charcascal or nha: sand sii CUBA NAME Cuchillas del Toa Biosphere Reserve MANAGEMENT CATEGORY Cupeyal del Norte: I (Strict Nature Reserve) Whole area : IX (Biosphere Reserve) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 8.39.13. (Cuban) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION The reserve is situated in the most eastern region of Cuba and extends over parts of Sagua de Tanamo, Moa, Yateras and Yunque de Baracoa municipalities. The Yunque de Baracoa designated national monument lies 5km to the south-east. The reserve boundaries are to the south and south-west the Toa River; to the north Moa, Arroyon and Jiguani Rivers; to the north-east the coastline; and in the south-east corner the Duaba River. 20°16'-20°35'N, 74°30'-75°08'W DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT Protection is based on legislation No.33/81 of 12 February 1981. Accepted by Unesco as a biosphere reserve in October 1986. AREA 127,500ha LAND TENURE State ALTITUDE 0-1,139m PHYSICAL FEATURES Orographically, the reserve belongs to the Sagua-Baracoa mountain and includes Cuchillas de Moa, Cuchillas del Toa and Alturas de Baracoa. Stratigraphically, the reserve is one of the oldest areas in Cuba, with outcrops of Lower-Middle Jurassic (terrigenous clastic-metamorphic) and Upper Cretaceous (terrigenous clastic, carbonate, volcaniclastic) rocks. Predominant in the area are Mesozoic igneous rocks, both ultrabasic (peridotite serpendinite) and basic (gabbro, dolerite) and those of Paleocene, Oligocene and Eocene periods. From a geomorphological point of view the reserve consists principally of eroded tectonic blocks, which correspond to deeply dissected medium-height mountains between 500 and 700m. CLIMATE Cuba is affected by the Gulf Stream and the north-east trade winds. The heaviest rain falls in September and October and the hurricane season is between June and November. The reserve experiences an "“entermaxerico" equatorial humid climate and an annual temperature range of 23.0-27.5°C. Annual precipitation range is 3,000-4,000mm. VEGETATION Biogeographically Cuba is a province, with flora specifically related to that of the Amazon. There are more than 2,000 species of vegetation, of which more than 100 are locally endemic (e.g. Calophyllum utile, Aristida pradana, Hemithrinax rivularis, Epidendrum replicatum). Principal types of vegetation are montane rain forest (pluvisilva), xeromorphic matorral (charrascal or brenal) and pine Pinus cubensis. FAUNA The fauna is probably the richest in abundance, as well as diversity, in Cuba. Amongst the most important vertebrate species are the Cuban solenodon Solenodon cubanus (E), an insectivorous mammal and living fossil. Also present are the bird species: ivory billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis (E), Cuban crow Corvus nasicus, Cuban Amazon Amazona leucocephala leucocephala, and Cuban conure Aratinga euops which is locally endangered. Noteworthy insects include numerous species of insects and representatives of the mollusc genus Polymita. CUBA NAME Cuchillas del Toa Biosphere Reserve MANAGEMENT CATEGORY Cupeyal del Norte: I (Strict Nature Reserve) Whole area : IX (Biosphere Reserve) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 8.39.13. (Cuban) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION The reserve is situated in the most eastern region of Cuba and extends over parts of Sagua de Tanamo, Moa, Yateras and Yunque de Baracoa municipalities. The Yunque de Baracoa designated national monument lies Skm to the south-east. The reserve boundaries are to the south and south-west the Toa River; to the north Moa, Arroyon and Jiguani Rivers; to the north-east the coastline; and in the south-east corner the Duaba River. 20°16'-20°35'N, 74°30'-75°08'W DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT Protection is based on legislation No.33/81 of 12 February 1981. Accepted by Unesco as a biosphere reserve in October 1986. AREA 127,500ha LAND TENURE State ALTITUDE 0-1,139m PHYSICAL FEATURES Orographically, the reserve belongs to the Sagua-Baracoa mountain and includes Cuchillas de Moa, Cuchillas del Toa and Alturas de Baracoa. Stratigraphically, the reserve is one of the oldest areas in Cuba, with outcrops of Lower-Middle Jurassic (terrigenous clastic-metamorphic) and Upper Cretaceous (terrigenous clastic, carbonate, volcaniclastic) rocks. Predominant in the area are Mesozoic igneous rocks, both ultrabasic (peridotite serpendinite) and basic (gabbro, dolerite) and those of Paleocene, Oligocene and Eocene periods. From a geomorphological point of view the reserve consists principally of eroded tectonic blocks, which correspond to deeply dissected medium-height mountains between 500 and 700m. CLIMATE Cuba is affected by the Gulf Stream and the north-east trade winds. The heaviest rain falls in September and October and the hurricane season is between June and November. The reserve experiences an "“entermaxerico" equatorial humid climate and an annual temperature range of 23.0-27.5°C. Annual precipitation range is 3,000-4,000mm. VEGETATION Biogeographically Cuba is a province, with flora specifically related to that of the Amazon. There are more than 2,000 species of vegetation, of which more than 100 are locally endemic (e.g. Calophyllum utile, Aristida pradana, Hemithrinax rivularis, Epidendrum_replicatum). Principal types of vegetation are montane rain forest (pluvisilva), xeromorphic matorral (charrascal or brenal) and pine Pinus cubensis. FAUNA The fauna is probably the richest in abundance, as well as diversity, in Cuba. Amongst the most important vertebrate species are the Cuban solenodon Solenodon cubanus (E), an insectivorous mammal and living fossil. Also present are the bird species: ivory billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis (E), Cuban crow Corvus nasicus, Cuban Amazon Amazona leucocephala leucocephala, and Cuban conure Aratinga euops which is locally endangered. Noteworthy insects include numerous species of insects and representatives of the mollusc genus Polymita. ral ‘eta an. eae Panes a r lb Ait ea i y y sae petits j nn pe Le Ct Oe Sos GOA Tre |) evel ue itvei@ PyFiamieS (ade Swodqeee sa nd on da yer Le weewenc i? tedeetin pipes iy USS Lae 22 wy fotgy ty ese it! Vey Me. oimry. 45 CULTURAL HERITAGE No information LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION Rural populations in the area are small, with a population density of between 10 and 30 inhabitants per sq.km. VISITORS AND VISITOR FACILITIES Tourism is permitted. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES Surveys of fauna, flora, vegetation, climate, geology and soil have been undertaken. Further work is planned from 1987 to add to the existing knowledge of fauna, flora and ecosystems. CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT The importance of the area lies in the richness of species that are present, including several nationally threatened species. No Management plan exists. Protection is principally directed towards the fauna and forest areas. There are seven core zones surrounded by a buffer zone. Six of them: Cupeyal del Norte, El Toldo, Jaguani, Alto de Iberia, Pico Galan and Rio Toa border each other and cover an eliptical shape 60km by 30km. To the south-east is El Yunque core zone which is separated from the others by the buffer zone along the Toa River. The buffer zone is usually no more than 2-3km wide. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS No information STAFF Totals 35 including forest guards and wardens. Two staff have an university or equivalent education. BUDGET No information LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Instituto de Botanica ACC, Calzada del Cerro 1257, Gaveta Postal 20006, Ciudad Habana REFERENCES IUCN (1986). 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. CMC, Cambridge. 105pp. Perera, A. and Rosabal, P. (1986). Las areas protegidas en Cuba. Silvestres 2: 13-17. Unfinished documents of theme 30506 "Estudio de ecosi conservados", Departamento de geobotanica, Archivo, Instituto de Botanica A.C.C. DATE October 1987 0512Q - - S _ z bss oh oft A ane! tate “ee 74 aauhc Cea estum@ian ot i ee” 17S Mutiny La anoaTt Ie « poviut Sor" LAN Gah quAewwt eas eiht, nied’ ved 7 tot » Gite, 25007) filet, “o-aphel we, pi pt Ss ais hedes ata Ls? Yeu LEREt ont eas | tian raya WL Pond sale ore "6 ore J) o Redan : gh idg oats Si MOP meATOAN, « udabee nag. a mat ee a eC ee ; _ladagel ipie\ ts Hai foh Layard 4 - 7 winds fas) ld (iano “Abece baw yetso ALe> vebsod oe) RIE RTANARGD OOM! ee « is lias ee Oe oe ees Psa aaa CURA OR Gusenhecebives Penlnaelar . LATZCORS El Veral and Cae Corrientes: I {Strict Nature Reserves) Shela srwe : IK (Bigsphere Fecerve) PRICAL. PROVINCE #.9¢.134.(Cuban) RAL LOCATION Orcepiew the extreme west of the Cuban archipelege.. It fo the north by the Gwif of \Guenahecablbes, to the west hy the migeite, to the south ty the Bey of Corrientes aud the Caribbean and Reeet by the Le Fe to Le Giilee toed. 22°46'-22°02'N, 84°10'—84°S6'W p,m “bene ay vp ya aoe DESTORY OF SSTADLISHMENT Legiplatiion that protects the eree is in m of Gaw Ho. 33/81. Cupeyal del Norte end Jagueni Neture Reserves, ee included in the -aree, were eatdblighed on 20 July. 1963. under We.4)2 io the Gacete Oficial. 4% ape oo say eee fa tybpes ee , l wT (ehOUL 8s) OOF a5 pope Sellar pecus aingee ‘yfev Liosiia Pako> 24iee Fo Qin tous AGihjdo biveon pile brid or dele ce ghoee bteaw fo dbbe3en ud) JeP3k! wW APS cerc> SobP wield fire jesey “3° bogus Miefaiy.ate So eae A ntch4 1h Me iaotet LbiTiaeiok n4 op Mf SQN0 bewegety, vd Slew meigs Ay af 16, | JaBIIA ee eae of Qetad od tao e802 nne! Je) ou sol J eero ler at ab ode. (Apri. WO ie Pears 7! eb tabula , su ties 7 a let re rar ee ¥ by Piae Lowe. arin =. WEES pL thors nop bor yoga ; eta ee > ari isore): pot a j 7 j BO oawiaF int, TERE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Middle Kite Biagshar: Reseacve eee SATENORY IV (Managed Nature Reserve) and IZ (Biosphere Ragerva) WPRAPHECAL. PROVINCE 2.11.05 (Kiddie Kuropean Forest) BRMICAL LOCATION stackhy (Adderitzer tourss of the Elbe River, fam zerbet and Schoenchect Landscape is Separate | forest occupies both sides of the between Aken and the confluence of the river county, Magdeburg District. Desseu-Worlitzer com the nature reserve and is situated east of OF Dessau ond the Mulde River and south of the Elbe River. The Bes Worlite ties within the culture! landscape. 51°53'°H,11°59"R HISTORY OF FSTASLISHMENT Stockby-Loedderitz was estebligshed es a mature reserve by order of the Hisiatry of Agriculture’ and Forestry merch 1962. Accepted as e biosphere reserve in Movember 1979, ‘the area mended to include Desssu-woerlitser Cultural Landscape and was renamed PEIGG Bicaphere Reserve in October 1986. ea, sooha: Steckby-Loedderitver Forest 5,000ha “and Dessau-Woerlitzer Landeceape 12,500he Of the 1979 eres of 2,113ha, SOL ie owned by the state and 10% by farme. * TURES The nature ceserve is a Forested flood Plein with ditdine Of the site being flooded every year by the River Elbo, The fF the area consists of Holocene \ sediments (bettom-land loam) Pleistocene river-bed sands, dunes and deposits of shifting send. Pange from high-nutriont clays, podsolie-brown earthe to — —— | The sen annuel temperature is 8.7°C, meen monthly tenperatuced range Pe in January to 18.5°C in July. The mean annuel precipitetéon ia ere The nature reserve comprises 65% forest Land; 9%: boge: aipiactios: (Zibs), 9% rciver-bank area and 8% grassland. The area has extensive aa wives forest (up to 15m in height) covering dune systems. JOG mad fiverine forests cover 1, SG0Ke with ip teeter? ‘Ways Mifelia, Y. teevis, Carpinus betwlus, wil fruit ippectes rus achres, Melus sylvestris end pusee puraster with mybeids of the forms over a ground flora of ees Park suantin Tada ‘gece tee oe nak teas arvifs. ¢ ibirice. The specie tang and cuaph aatane have been baentif tsa in ae lakes. In ‘some @pecics are present which are regerded as Prictsossc sian or rare a GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC NAME Middle Elbe Biosphere Reserve MANAGEMENT CATEGORY IV (Managed Nature Reserve) and IX (Biosphere Reserve) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 2.11.05 (Middle European Forest) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Steckby-Lédderitzer forest occupies both sides of the middle course of the Elbe River, between Aken and the confluence of the river Saale in Zerbst and Schoenebeck county, Magdeburg District. Dessau-Worlitzer Cultural Landscape is separate from the nature reserve and is situated east of the town of Dessau and the Mulde River and south of the Elbe River. The village of Worlitz lies within the cultural landscape. 51°53'N,11°59'E DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT Steckby-Loedderitz was established as a national nature reserve by order of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry on 3 March 1961. Accepted as a biosphere reserve in November 1979, the area was extended to include Dessau-Woerlitzer Cultural Landscape and was renamed Middle Elbe Biosphere Reserve in October 1986. AREA 17,500ha: Steckby-Loedderitzer Forest 5,000ha and Dessau-Woerlitzer Cultural Landscape 12,500ha. LAND TENURE Of the 1979 area of 2,113ha, 90% is owned by the state and 10% by cooperative farms. ALTITUDE 50-75m PHYSICAL FEATURES The nature reserve is a forested flood plain with meadow land, part of the site being flooded every year by the River Elbe. The geology of the area consists of Holocene sediments (bottom-land loam) overlaying Pleistocene river-—bed sands, dunes and deposits of shifting sand. Sediments range from high-nutrient clays, podsolic brown earths to poor sands. CLIMATE The mean annual temperature is 8.7°C, mean monthly temperatures range from 0°C in January to 18.5°C in July. The mean annual precipitation is 545mm. VEGETATION The nature reserve comprises 65% forest land, 9% bogs and lakes, 9% river (Elbe), 9% river-bank area and 8% grassland. The area has extensive pine Pinus sylvestris forest (up to 15m in height) covering dune systems. Hardwood and riverine forests cover 1,500ha with species: Quercus robur, Ulmus carpinifolia, U. laevis, Carpinus betulus, Acer campestre. Wild fruit species include Pyrus achras, Malus sylvestris and Pyrus pyraster with hybrids of the cultivated forms over a ground flora of Stellaria holostea and Polygonetum multiflorum. Representive grassland species include Filipendula hexapetala, Ranunculus polyanthemus, Deschampsia caespitosa, Galium boreale, Silaum silaus, Inula salicina, Peucedanum officinale, Serratula tinctoria, Cnidium dubium, Selinum carvifolia, Lathyrus palustris and Iris sibirica. The species Salvinia natans and Trapa natans have been identified in ox-bow lakes. In total some 50 species are present which are regarded as endangered or rare in the GDR. 7 F \ Sera io ‘ied wnrves” 2 x a : s-o/ ‘ A » a MM be. aie { ie Le p> Cay rete wivitgani4) aos a “ dein pt ita 9 i" - c Ont ae ewe $3400. 0Ad oA ae ws Stead veel A Bas Te ee eee ee m1 = ~tuctin ™ bade ste we" hae | ed , ' ras eC | 7 ¥ el ris ha apa ry hor wy, pas tS smd de! ‘f a eel : ae nets ing pie Ays > ibive , ii ie SUGAR ak de teenth by), 40 ee + ootdah' Baper enti a miami sralique tt) eid tury z ite ) ; : eet (aan}? Ad batts f 1s ben 0% FP ot4hieto7 pais AA ek 3930S my her “¢Fave be! 43 i} inne wild eA? 388 ; oat mae? | Fo palate pete Uae sue yi — fiedusar| * ajax. 19 eRe Whee ,© haeesitenaialk nui) « ‘. a on He de te pie. Sabi et « oO Ternptiy?, Lay ote gs te ee Voie a eu ¥ Tt we OL aie hel Cie - ' PR) *: ¢ - , ; ~ ee? 4 ae fonts, ped ry Yuu pslten. of ae SEARS hs hod Asloayy ie Tv iis ac ort iAge iieeet , 13..40a0ive ay oily 8 peer aa jPtvee Ar et Lamy * pricy ied a vie ie kiy Le: “tr gtlatrpek ‘ate FAUNA A total of 39 mammals have been recorded. The reserve is one of the most important breeding sites of the Elbe beaver Castor fiber albicus, which has been protected since 1913 and consists of 12 colonies. Breeding bird species include lesser spotted eagle Aquila pomarina (in its south-western most breeding area), honey buzzard Pernis apivorus, goshawk Accipiter gentilis, black kite Milvus migrans, red kite M. milvus, hoopoe Upupa epops, kingfisher Alcedo atthis, pintail Anas acuta, shoveler A. clypeata and Ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana. some 130 bird species breed here and it is an important wintering and passage site for over 100 species. The invertebrate fauna includes Lucanus cervus, Osmoderma eremita (E) and Ephesia fulminea. Pond terrapins Emys orbicularis are also Present. Records exist for over 20 species of fish; 46 species of Araneae, eight of Opiliones, 26 Carabidae, 25 Coccinellidae, 70 Cerambycidae, 180 species of Lepidoptera and 50 species of Mollusca. CULTURAL HERITAGE No information LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION There are no settlements in the nature reserve. The village of Worlitz lies within the cultural landscape. VISITORS AND VISITOR FACILITIES No information SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES A number of scientific projects have been running for a substantial period of time. Research intended to establish inventories of animal populations has _ been continuing since 1920, with particular attention to beavers and bird ringing. Experiments in pest control by attracting birds to nesting boxes has been carried out since 1925, supported by the Association for the Protection of Birds. Other ongoing studies include research into the structure and dynamics of lowland forests, soil and vegetation mapping. There are five permanent plots for monitoring changes in structure and dynamics of hardwood forest. Potential activities include protection and management of habitats, waterfowl counts, and long-term studies on the structure and dynamics of forest and grassland ecosystems. Field studies are conducted by the Biological Research Station at Steckby, of the Institute of Landscape Research and Nature Conservation of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Between 1973 and 1981 the station has reared over 190 great bustards Otis tarda from eggs collected from disturbed nests. CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT A management plan exists for the development, Management and cultivation of the area. The buffer zone is managed according to guidelines established by Magdeburg District Council. The nature reserve covers 3,500ha with a core zone of 400ha (after the extension of the site on 10 December 1981) and 100ha of ‘regeneration zone'. The extension approved in October 1986 confirmed a total core area of 400ha, a buffer zone area of 4,600ha and created a ‘cultural landscape’ area of 12,500ha. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS Most forest land is unaltered but Ulmus carpinifolia is declining under the impact of graphiosis. Hunting and agriculture are practised in accordance with the needs of nature conservation. There are some shipping activities on the River Elbe and the river is slightly polluted. ome at wvae 62 ott boston se \ ay pag ay wv ied TF, : shape iz i ‘ sas, 4j or! on foe ‘i mbgharedes £2 ne zomdye Byid Off pet ns O81 cove sa} fist ayet ane (2> a7 Dieth ayobaesO .tbyen) ape i ie 4 Fe vase Oe Bisel! Ji9 oh eae" oegeesd- tO veers eit} 99 welagwe'SBs “Qehhi aegis a doigsmaetns ot we Tis Dae ie fee ‘agar eubpad) aed Cro oad, Winsiequtl ifs “apt dampon0 we galeti 544. 02 rere gi Se ee @uis i. hidliec Bat tend cities ees LL Rad. ae seh Ne. ot te & Sagveet 0S oa feud se, | Pei “miinen of wield pole Poth ae, nglagdsegoa wed, oe ae be ‘es, Ao seo be . ele ‘ia pes fy bath oRs a sure ; = STAFF Includes three research workers and two technical staff of the Institute for Landscape Research and Nature Conservation, Halle. Two supervisors are employed by the District Council. BUDGET No information LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Rat des Bezirkes Magdeburg, Abteilung Forstwirtschaft - Naturschutz, Olvenstedter Strasse, 4. PSF1, Magdeburg 3010 REFERENCES GDR National Committee of the Unesco Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB) (1983). Biosphere Reserve Steckby-Loedderitzer Forest. GDR. 24 papers. Hentschel, P., Schauer, W. (1967). Bestockungsanalysen als Beitrage zur wissenschaftlichen Erschliessung von Naturschutzgebieten. Arch. Naturschutz Landschaftsforschung 7: 47-74. Hoffman, M. (1967). Ein Beitrag zur Verbreitungsdichte des Bibers im Grosseinzugsgebeit der Elbe. Hercynia N.F. 3: 279-324. Hundt, R. (1953/54). Grunlandgesellschaften an der unteren Mulde und mittleren Elbe. Wiss. & Univ. Halle, Math.-Nat. Reihe 3: 889-923. IUCN (1986). 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. CMC, Cambridge. 105pp. Piechocki, R. (1962). Die Todesursachen der Elbe-Biber und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Bestandserhaltung der Art. Arch. Naturschutz Landschaftsforschung 2: pp. 140-155. Schauer, W. (1970). Beitrag zur Entwicklung der Waldbestockung im NSG Steckby- Loedderitzer Forest. Arch. Forstwesen 19: 525-541. Schosser, S. (1985). The Use of Nature Reserves for in situ Conservation. IBPGR Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter. Pp. 23-24. Seidel, E. (1983). Biosphere Reserve Steckby-Loedderitzer Forest. German Democratic Republic GDR National Committee of the Unesco Programme on Man and the Biosphere. Several Authors. (1973). Handbuch der Naturschutzgebeite der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Vol. 3, 98-102, Leipzig-Jena-Berlin, Urania-— Verlag. Biosphere Reserve nomination submitted to Unesco. DATE 1983, updated September 1986, October 1987 0358V To Wiede “feoladone owt eye) ee + Sasseryiereven joutinogs a mH § sits A % 42: o10f acme fwea .6 AG eta tye Wat HO eto gars evant add t sonia UD. dhe? “oat! wtieoi-g“ilanic evteoSs 6 ae 6” al@ Gaeytangayaey ieon | Tee ici ‘ tee —_ a7 uae ty) att vy 44 gaapeteesiie ra Mas > oe Poh. ol: anogee 12 le ebend apa wt -wredie veb iaabaipaans stoners wpa ger ties vw weeay EGeEtE 3 NW ahora wait ae 2 ‘gaquses bed a6b teu emda aly ah Der o 4 fuew pour ,oee ry fnsain CS 0e) Mek ee Me TC i a50) to Judd Aor WOU See) Mab vodotuauenvoT ¢i! oer - th tal sisal Me ih i cece is WW TEP givlgelesa?® mie wry) oienl 1 sonedea Beet Aoyk = nest rs: wobeed —ittina qe Haale De eed wit . TRSPL Te 3 4 qa? bap ‘heed gh alent (ieee ~ waa, " : Ws “era | be + eon jae) Pesan me wy gu ite ata r a > G2 nent eqery ,o7e P foy ~ Te iets ee igaWeot) ae pettheot coltenlecit wpa WOVE rath LPTPT redmatqot de oubgy’ ol a4 SXZICO POVGRUS TH Je Khowfera “x Cie WENT CStenory = y- (Multiple Use Senepement Area) Y ‘Biosphora Sererve) ane PRCT Fae 8.10.07 (Teme SS pon) 22.12 (Madeoan-Cordiilersen} LACRT Tom ine in the south-east of Tameubipas Stete, B20u from ar “ef Menteg Settlements close to the area dre Llera te the @ant, mothe weet aad Ocempo to the south The Ric Guayelejo marke ..the dimit of the reserve. The ‘oungery passer through four municipal ‘Gomery Ferias, Llers, Jvamave and Ocampo. . The moat. important Poeds are the Cieded nents Claded Victoria Highway to the west ead the fudad Fictort. Wighwey to the north. 22°55'~23°25'N, 99°05'-99°26'Y BIREORY OF ESTABLISHMENT Declered « ‘biduphere #esorve by the Rit pan State Authority on i2 July 1985 In the GFfieiel Bulletin Ne. 56. # Gc ment approved the programme coo 26 Secember 2905 in. the Official : Mo, 104. Accepted by Unesco as a biesphere reserve in October abide p44 ,530ha BE State end local community. A high properticon of and sae ber csr BR qmership, the "“ejidel” system covering 30;958ha. RUDE « 100-2 , 3000 Pit FRATURES Tsrrain tises from the coast inthe east te ch Sierra iental tiountein Kango further to the west, which fellows a north-south ee. ‘the Sierra de Cucharas, The mounteine congiste of rocks of the Period thet have been eroded to form abrupt relief features and cd falleys: Fluvtal systems in the arse drain into the Rio Guayalaja. | rel) aeres of the area form the sources of the Sabinag and Feio clvers. - SMean annual rainfall is 350mm and mean annual temperature ie 23°C ‘at ‘of 350m. te Pile ayy fd pire “ative types of vegetation have been Py ee ie oe the? (tienes “the =Gulf, heiwean 200m and 400m, is sub-deciducus isentative es including Bucsece’ simaruba, polobi clocarpym. fetweon 800m and 1, 400m ee i masophy) forest where ‘holerctic. species We Betweds 1,4G0m and 2,300m the, yagetation is “Ploatoat Forety with Te ie, Binys psoudostrobus end Quercus leuring domigant. On A DUM, iatekepas there {¢ sub-mountain shane and matorral Vogetation. aie Me: ‘ nae AS haha x ae pel the aearctic and pootrepleal: provianeiidi r ae Jaguar Panthers once (¥), Ceokot Folia perdalie - peeneceei ted deer MEXICO NAME Reserva de la Biosfera "El Cielo" MANAGEMENT CATEGORY VIII (Multiple Use Management Area) IX (Biosphere Reserve) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 1.10.07 (Tamaulipan) 1.21.12 (Madrean-Cordilleran) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Lies in the south-east of Tamaulipas State, 120m from the Gulf of Mexico. Settlements close to the area are: Llera to the east, Jaumava to the west and Ocampo to the south. The Rio Guayalejo marks the northern limit of the reserve. The boundary passes through four municipal districts: Gomery Farias, Llera, Juamava and Ocampo. The most important access roads are the Ciudad Mante-Ciudad Victoria Highway to the west and the Jaumava—Ciudad Victoria Highway to the north. 22°55*-23°25'N, 99°05'-99°26'W DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT Declared a biosphere reserve by the Tamaulipan State Authority on 13 July 1985 in the Official Bulletin No. 56. The Government approved the programme on 28 December 1985 in the Official Bulletin No. 104. Accepted by Unesco as a biosphere reserve in October 1986. AREA 144,530ha LAND TENURE State and local community. A high proportion of land is under common ownership, the “ejidal" system covering 30,958he. ALTITUDE 100-2,300m PHYSICAL FEATURES Terrain rises from the coast in the east to the Sierra Madre Oriental Mountain Range further to the west, which follows a north-south axis, and the Sierra de Cucharas. The mountains consists of rocks cf the Cretaceous period that have been eroded to form abrupt relief features and small valleys. Fluvial systems in the area drain into the Rio Guayalejo. The eastern slopes of the area form the sources of the Sabinas and Frio rivers. CLIMATE Mean annual rainfall is 1350mm and mean annual temperature is 23°C at an altitude of 350m. VEGETATION Five types of vegetation have been distinguished. On the slopes facing the Gulf, between 200m and 800m, is sub-deciduous tropical forest, representative species including Bursera simaruba, Brossimum alicastrum and Enterolobiu cyclocarpum. Between 800m and 1,400m the vegetation consists of mountain mesophyll forest where holarctic species coexist with tropical Species. Between 1,400m and 2,300m the vegetation is pine-oak forest, with Pinus patula, Pinus pseudostrobus and Quercus laurina dominant. On the western slopes there is sub-mountain chaparral and matorral vegetation. FAUNA Fauna from both the nearctic and neotropical provinces are represented, species include jaguar Panthera onca (V), ocelot Felis pardalis (V), wild cat Lynx rufus, white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus leucurus (0) and temargate Margama americana. Some 255 species of resident birds, 175 of migratory birds, 21 of amphibians, 60 of reptiles and 40 species of bat have been reported. CULTURAL HERITAGE No information a ; twa seq y (hag Ruse et T fanabtw’ ree aR ? Sanwa: ee ee Wis RACED OTR eed wh ents. ¢iewes!) carcen “ao, Tie Marea gk 702 Faas wus. - arm est ae: wit? A ed. Ce ee, Arcs any DAP de F ten oe ' i META Monee ive get Pliota f 2 eevee odes oy a ws LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION Within the reserve there is a municipal township and 21 production units (ejidos), with a total population estimated at 2,500. The Government and the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas organise working group meetings for the local population to express their views. The local Population is being encouraged to participate in rural development programmes such as apiculture, aquaculture and horticulture. VISITORS AND VISITOR FACILITIES No information SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES Scientific research over the last 40 years has concentrated on increasing knowledge of the geology and vegetation in this mountain environment. A rural survey is at present being carried out to determine exact demarcations for each type of land tenure. Ongoing projects approved by the State Government are coordinated by the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas. To implement the present programme, two ecological stations and a research and monitoring centre will be created. Present facilities include a research station, field station, experimental plots and accommodation for scientists. A monitoring programme is being conducted by the Secretariat for Urban Development and Ecology (SEDUE). CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT The area contains extensive portions of forest that show little sign of alteration by man. There are two core areas, the largest one in the north-east, the smaller in the south. Core Area I of 28,694ha includes mountainous mesophyll forests and pine-oak forests, while Core Area II of 7,844ha includes sub-deciduous tropical forests. In these areas no public or private work is permitted, hunting is forbidden and other activities restricted. The remaining 91,998ha is a buffer zone in which forestry and other activities are managed. There is a management plan. A team of six guards and one coordinator is responsible for ascertaining the level of exploitation and illegal extraction of resources. The University of Tamaulipas aims to carry out an interpretative programme with the local population, emphasis being given to ecological awareness and basic agricultural education as a part of development. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS Damaging activities that the SEDUE team has been created to monitor include illegal extraction of wild species, poaching, clandestine wood extraction and squatter settlements. STAFF Fifty nine. Twenty one are administrative staff, twelve of whom are university trained. Thirty eight are research staff, thirty two of whom ere university trained. BUDGET No information LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Dra en C Sagrario Lavin Flores, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros y Calle 8 Apdo 186, 87000 CD Victoria, Tamaulipas REFERENCES IUCN (1986). 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. CMC, Cambridge. 105pp. Lonard, R. (1975). Common trees, shrubs and woody vines of Rancho Del Cielo, Mexico. Pan American University.(Biology 6514). 35pp. Martin (1958). A biography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez Farias region Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 101. 102pp. Puig, H., Bracho, R. and Sosa, V. (1983). Composition floristica y estructural del bosque mesofilo en Gomez Farias. Biotica 8: 339-359. University Autonomous Tamaulipas (UAT). (1985). Informe 1984 de Desarrollo Tecnologico y Cientifico. 356 pp. Valiente, A. (1984). Analisis de la Vegetacion de la Region de Gomez Farias Tesis profesional UNAM. 59 pp. tn ai uf? Off sible: » mh wae! aV"9oe> riny ae OL y H } aviv uoSté* = lowhowge Sas Seo aifintone: jag! a cial 7 Pade pL Piadet Sf ehiesey i fee ho) dense 0? ‘aol dalgquy dagnifystaeonh fouye Ot sseiotine of-ie Oe wd . yetua ton tisod bar att! (ne. stegiqe as doug, po iaosmndt ot - Title ga-sipisowkah. Gayibeies wth stage rs | one | efi Ww pebe toads a ant oe Vedeniaudeep Cae e oy ves sbideupay dw @2 Yepron fees | Namen ha bie ri) ye aeolderoemer soem oalaetelt 260s tase ote Sra npiys «oss east oft wl crac) peep. SRS eld Sey Te Wf Spee aaiariinis One hgh njaes nopdase in yeone decsehoe 4 ‘walicetas sei wal % ue deesyotaved wos wt tole ‘i ifaod luv igre’. janeod hb + h7 | Deira ; . Me sue er tet Habiveotis te aa ant oN i) pret eee be cesawiot Mebaanty | ey Il pkqoede wueeted: i> Wt Gatereh Tasloow y iAeb-diin ealiuton? ri 7 wee petinwey ¢) hoow oSavi9Q ee S Siam» ce = A DATE October 1987 0509Q ea bic eee Bae. + % eu ap depabte F. ie an ee ae ee ee 7 od ; A i ae ir < tit Tieke oF LONE eg, Siem, osagelie Regia i, Sk ak Oi selena aaa Ms ce | ne . ‘t Dx ( tia a we anes nivel he i Patipe 7u ae thin Mae. # Politics) Gnpenwrrn. PS “ay She Pee i . ae ys AG one ge. 04 tide ye Ma a, eT ee a ae oe 4 Tie Peseta Boner ay ON i yh eine ale SOCOM Hee Lewes. tere aula: PORE dapek tena) yer. the Syphtwn Peelnad iy, poe ER e Wore ws ommby Geis tlon stage, 4 Sits.) Mexico NAME Reserva de la Biosfera de Sian Ka'an MANAGEMENT CATEGORY II & IX (National Park and Biosphere Reserve) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 8.1.1 (Campechean) and partly 8.15.4 (Yucatecan). GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Situated on the Caribbean coast in the south-east of the country, on the eastern side of the Yucatan Peninsula in the State of Quintana Roo (Municipalities of Cozumel and Felipe Carrillo Puerto). Where possible, boundaries were defined to coincide with natural features. To the east the reserve is bounded by the Caribbean Sea and the barrier reef to a depth of 50m, to the south-east by the junction between the marshes and the semi-evergreen forests, to the south by the boundary of the municipal districts of Felipe Carrillo Puerto and Othon P. Blanco (which coincides with the junction of the catchment basins of the Chetumal and Espiritu Santo Bays). Political boundaries are only found to the north and north-east, defined by the border of the farming cooperatives of Pino Suarez and Chunyaxché. 19°05'-20°06'N, 87°30'-87°88'W DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT Sian Ka'an was declared a Biosphere Reserve on 20 January 1986 by the Federal Government, and was accepted as a Biosphere Reserve by the MAB International Coordinating Council in late 1986. AREA 528,000ha in total, of which some 120,000ha are marine. The core zone of the MAB reserve covers 279,704ha. LAND TENURE The Federal Government owns 99.8%, the remainder being privately owned. ALTITUDE From sea-level to a maximum of 10m. PHYSICAL FEATURES Lopez Ornat (1983) gives a detailed account of the physical features of the Yucatan Peninsula, and of the reserve itself. Much of the reserve lies in a zone of recent origin (Pleistocene), and appears to still be in a transition stage. The reserve lies on a partially emerged coastal limestone plain, and includes coral reefs (part of the extensive barrier reef system which has formed along the eastern coastline Middle America), the marine zone between reef and shore (including two large bays), coastal dunes, Mangroves, marshes, and inundated and upland forests. The hydrological cycle is complex, and the water table is permanently close to the surface (never deeper than 8m). As a result, up to 75% of the terrestrial part of the reserve is flooded each year by the end of the rainy season (the dry season figure is 20%). There is little surface running water within the reserve, and water usually filters fairly rapidly through the shallow rendzina and ‘saskab' (granular whitish and brittle limestone) soils and the limestone rock to subterranean channels. Due to their hardness, the waters in the reserve are generally very clear. A geological fault crosses the reserve from the south-west to the north-east influencing its topography and hydrology. CLIMATE The climate, which is tropical with summer rains and occasional cyclones, is described by Lopez Ornat (1983). There are no meteorological stations within the reserve, but data is available from a number of stations within a 2Skm radius. In Palmas, to the north of the reserve, mean monthly temperature lies between 22°C (January/February) and 27.8°C (May). Mean annual temperature was 25.4°C during the 1961-1980 period, and minimum and maximum temperatures were 4.5°C and 40.5°C respectively. Mean annual rainfall is around 1,128mm (derived from 15 years measurement), and three-quarters of ‘goo ks % : %, ; ~ | evaems ovrmaet 1. oe s94° he n° 9 }tihee fat i's ey cl. cf deat , ‘Tv ie fies diy Tee Hit oeenn aw q ie MINE one Ak Gluten inet elanye ety to & ya 5 ¥ ‘elena ge yain te 2 en inl Cam beta f perttare* >» = ey f ~~ RAR “leanetn08 peas VIEW ea rede oo eat ten etic OH) Dar em ve in ey te oe teh ehtirnee nant series wed cadet { Cael oft & unite wid é 14! ) UAiodi Ly MAT Smiela SDL lpsiol Tae (ipmabedy el, Wy ra tall ase "one esta he Vale 6 Veo. rier $ ae i Sydepties 1A tern i q didi “ka pike ince ae, ie1u¥ 4012 2 Bei , 5 seeaeee Olid ae, SEEM ih iee ata vd ¢ ; on at bromess: gates soe $oeuhs me | aa ane aso BUR any sere ce tpi REE BS ee Ss > haan! th mA joes Aemerinen. f2t9l0% ort Sacha blu ee (PSOLY teeter weer eu Yet in A enero’ i to ‘ © [Spear se ag hem, Aiebes Pte Wate ig. o eo we eee (e0neten aft grad Yeapr Yes ni Se: : Reine ~ Sis ek see ant - tas ahurs ae oe ? a ‘ ov mae Rashes Ol ra aes Were § eae a 4 ey eee a! | ee ’ wits rT, Pk, ‘> |" Cape Yonte 4 fe eT} e > oa Re V4 he Ries + x Sra te a ee ‘ Gk, Hy eg ae a hye ite waa Ferree Fit vdeo she y Red ayia tal at ts ans i this falls between May and October with September being the wettest month (mean 208.1mm) and March the dryest (mean 29.4mm). Easterly winds blow almost continuously from May to November, while northerly winds, which may reach 100km/h, blow during the dry season. Mean relative humidity is around 80%. Cyclones may occur between June and October, with a peak occurances in September. Strong marine tornados or ‘mangueras' can also occur between May and October, although their action is very limited and brief. VEGETATION Olmsted et al. (1983) describe the following types of vegetation for the reserve: medium altitude semi-evergreen forest; medium and low altitude semi-deciduous forest; low altitude flood forest; tasital (or palm savanna) formation; freshwater and saltwater marshes; petenes (or hammocks) ; dwarfed mangroves; fringing mangroves; and dunes and keys. More details of the vegetation with list of species are given in Olmsted et al. (1983), Cabrera et al. (1983) who report 520 species of vascular plants for the reserve, and Espejel Carvajal (1983). The medium altitude semi-evergreen forest covering about 108,500ha represents the climax in the non-flooded areas, although mature vegetation is scarce in the accessible parts of the reserve due to disturbance. Olmsted et al. (1983) list 120 species of trees and shrubs, amongst which common large tree species include Manilkara zapota, Metopium brownei, Bursera simaruba and Lysiloma latisiliquum, and in some areas Brosium alicastrum and Mastichodendron foetidissimum. Thrinax radiata, a palm 8-10m high, is the most abundant plant, and Nectandra coriacea, N. salicifolia, Byrsonima _bucidaefolia, Coccoloba sp. and Caesalpina gaumeri are also common. The number of epiphytes and climbers depends on the level of disturbance and age of the forest, and ground cover is also very variable. The area covered by medium and low semi-deciduous forest is less than that of the evergreen forest (11,700ha). Olmsted et al. (1983) list 100 species of tree and_- shrub, the main species being Bursera_ simaruba, Lysiloma latisiliquum, Manilkara zapota, Metopium brownei, Piscida piscipula and Psidium sartorianum. The abundance of Beaucarnea ameliae and the palm Pseudophoenix sargentii are characteristic of these forests. The height of the dominant species in the low/medium forest reaches 14m but is more usually 10-12m, while in the low forest tree heights range 2-9m. Flood forest is subdivided into low forest with closed canopy, and open canopy tree communities, the latter being found in the lower, wetter areas. Dominant species in the tree community are Haematoxylon campechianum, Bucida spinosa and Dalbergia glabra, with other common species including Byrsonima bucidaefolia, Bravaisia tubiflora, Metopium brownei, Cameraria latifolia, Erythroxylon areolatum and Malpiglia lundellii. Acoelorraphe wrightii and Crescentia cujete are frequently found in more flooded areas. There are also many epiphytes and ‘showy’ herbaceous species. In the flooded low forest, dominant species are Metopium brownei, Manilkara zapota, Bucida buceras and Lysiloma latisiliquum, and prominant trees reach up to 12m. Aggregations of the tasiste Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (flooded palm) are found scattered in slightly higher areas which are frequently flooded, in the grass marshlands and forming a fringe in the posterior part of the marshlands, or amongst the dry and flooded forests (Olmsted et al. 1983). Tasiste can form monospecific ‘islands’ on patches of dark soil, but where it is common it often associates with Acrostichum danaeafolium, Bucida spinosa, Cladium jamaicense, Conocarpus erectus, Dalbergia glabra, Chrysobalanus icaco and Thrinax radiata. ‘Atnem daddiew 243 gafod sidmaiqgat (4/¥ uedotoe ; 4 | of42 7 Shanks Woks abate GisedaaS = tanith. 88 ener) oeytt "i oo oe | doies Yaa fold eabata ¢iseds { titw Ler 1 ee s% icy ob gaes 1 GR beeoan 2: vslbiout ovl) ool Qa 3 ua Vuh 4 “fe ‘Besgeteo0 Yseq wo fi tw, vegDI70 apts SD (a6 ovonlags :, ve seeded guas0 ovts cao ‘eiyereiow’ 2 fatac yo: i ft ged : «ielvd éne Paliwil view 2: ; , redo? bay~ aay Aolte anger to apeue gives Cok a medicmts TPA tn jw he OL TREAD ? Wet hee wyltem jiee%c) anvagreyo in " ot; seen ew ao) fettend 3 ire boul slividbte.. wit iid¢aro Coit sub le ehee f Reh. 10} e@aserg. st coal tae sedan) Lae tute sodee i aden CARHOMAR: ” aa wilson wae « aged Bae aeiiin 4hi6. ( ,eOVE4RD* 42) e235 ‘TSGon be ttawh » : veeeey wht. de bedemti . ai marty ets A0ieg {ho Vo 9 Jessen Cale, os et. asosig - Saas atinaa io 2a! af St Sopher eh'3 _slonneonis. » ee py een a ie re a : ‘y ; , ae aes it Le : , f ‘ : j aise . OF 00m aenctet ugiede. ,agetia At bigs ab Syoo uimes ct palo y Soyseer 36. seed: eset mort gu) acer aeerok bal igs \uinate Sat meet? egmosg” hedresaw Poth a over i by Winnie vee! wel odd) We ee ondemetts | ‘ qsa58a8 Yo Ho Pint a4 > 1a shoal? pri) . 4 ey ad one. » fieeNbars*)iqce ebiaet , ey Te ee I mrt + * dua ataes a cae ahah Pa pe er: 4 nebeacisss Ee (aa Ade kob papltier qo yarawoat . i we wpirea al re a ded abi? 1~ 497, atest. w us tas © & | “Rai Al ; ty sea ta aa¥ ty See as 5 ft © ijs7 ' | PoC Ce MC) ee caer) Beier =< f¥Fgheoto ls telpindbosyst 2Ab- SR Pet oe aS tet wy weed aad, «(envi ; bat a Ree bre ha) i ete eye wap | Ay < . a ee ‘pada s Lada’ adontstouvnd tert 3e shi oo etey Mrpad eae heaery” SWfessod dvned tue veil cetteisyo*hrs., , O49: i) bedenel vd). or rene ORT KORE iret 1 otter ugtg, edd. tra aod ane aren xhiveid bine oraiidditge oanedehieee i Lyagivlawt iid ove aptly aayet vordl yell irs tep neal hag Pia baéicle dhom™ 9) 3- 20) Soe wits eet, ove ¢ aseaek has “exby tab wi ity wi Pate to clare ib Qu Inhad [elo QhFiae cage teks eS ie | amy alt ‘aig wis ‘ata Wak’ oV18800" off a) ho bestest soba: ee inaigie§ sie wrett eer BOS oft Aidsiv griv if seosovee> aagey Aa 4 <0F kaa’ Geos. 46 Mute, ed neko) Anlngen? Lee f Pigue(9)" Seen 04d Yo aest- pour aoe ae Meee ht bev 'eano ay ne born Tye ina kana (ot adel yey sis rag: Ab talhi-pe aneam BOOBY Wits tls 2044 Note on dete, f~ ei Apke HUNT ELS ote wrod? ~. Uber ‘bee Leetwwe toto Hrd. «iusoe io seein ‘ —s ‘ae od ares aia? - 2usagtnel seas $0045 3a0y aid -~oF Pedrusd mel Soler angel at on tdht CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT It has been suggested that Sian Ka'an is the largest effective nature reserve in Mexico, and the area has support at all government levels (municipal, state and federal). The decree in fact makes provision for a council involving the local community, a government coordinating committee and a technical research committee. A management plan has been drafted and is currently being revised. The plan is comprehensive and provides for the zoning of the reserve for different management purposes. A private foundation, Amigos de Sian Ka'an, which consists of dedicated local people, is carrying out studies funded by the WWF. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS A particular concern is the development of tourist facilities in the north of the reserve. At present there is a 68km long coastal belt planted mainly for copra, with 25 small farms ('ranchos'). Forest exploitation is limited to the collection of useful wild plants and hunting for subsistence, although there is some commercial and sport hunting which should be regulated. Timber is also exploited with valuable species such as mahogany, cedar, '‘'siricote’' and 'guayacan' becoming nearly exahusted through overexploitation. The chit Thrinax is a species much in demand for use in the construction of lobster traps. There may also be some impact from fishing, but the extent of this is unclear (although it is aparent that some lobster poaching continues). STAFF A director with a staff of 26, 16 of whom are qualified. BUDGET Government support is supplemented by funding from WWF-US to support protection of the area and some construction costs (to facilitate research). LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Secretaria de Desarrollo Urbano y Ecologia (SEDUE) ; Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo, A.C., Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo. REFERENCES All the references to be found in this account are papers in a single treatise on Sian Ka'an: CIQRO (1983). Sian Katan: Estudios Preliminares de una zona en Quintana Roo propuesta como Reserve de la _ Biosfera Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo, A.C., Puerto Morelos. IUCN (1986). 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. CMC, Cambridge. 105pp. DATE June 1987 0504Q ‘@ampust at? as ‘We! Sh ons. tats Godwesa ii OP TAv Jaapeseion Elan va nid RN Gay HO% 6 f Ras wits. fo4- ’ ‘a od. pohelwods Sain tsar AL eis ih) ak Siw tole ug bia | _ =e) tater 4 PAA igoos rena ‘ 4} and aval : to>, Liogepd) a: 01 Sen Dettar® nwo dee naly Jn: i bhta) i ¢ ce | baa, 267. ae) erbteogq whan ‘ky xn gnweh 4b opiq: sé bots widvirg A «a Rea 534)’ ee ee a ie eee ; OP yplake® dade Bins ey to boo wid ‘ i ° bs: oo Seisuet 1% 1ecei sa S. weit’ a Ato” 3 ay 4 eee gon) meibar ¢ ‘hier Gnatd iraeash 1, oeon wyic Fo appr ade a Le. oder’ > aren sues Ee EY Roos git elite: betnetq iged nn. bovigeld bee. Weonee Bw-eoissetics add of itr & ' Ms hol é aed dan Be lorpmnesss Aelia, ve MhOt) Maunki te fe s7edue. .0f ae Bie beste Se ceeiw yi yates ‘tjeleges of bigamy ie ipelrwclle _— pg oy “fessor | At 9? 308. Mbt Ey oe eaiit =o intd 4 idol is nod yea pe nal apo Vio) yo¢isie 8) oli tnalan ofd fed Joie ew \ ; vais [tind an inergee ; 7 ws ; ‘d @ u > P fins, agew io ot we i 32ady 6 O8e fons ou fh) 4) *, bibs hammdsigiu ¢ “¢ sfa70 uw! "mo lrouvotni> bene Lor cote off Be Aimar wb bisedyasee 86S om Soh ated tae ed Bho LOA; + sh =, 7 - . . : ib Iqusee aids oS gayot oc ov ewdn it ani eid hus. sodas cat oo the, atte i@ rerireny ATOR auneeet. 2 Dh pregany af er) ‘ile NETHERLANDS _ MAME Weddenzee State Nature Reserve SMMAGEHENT CATEGORY Designated Nature feserves: Boschplat :4400hs), bollard << wei en Wad (4320ha) 2 (Steict Watare bocecves . The whole ares is @ignated as IX (Biosphere Reserve). BRAPHICAL PROVINCE 2.09505 (Atlantic) t ICAL LOCATTO! Liws in the provinces of Noord-Holland, Friesland snd i "¢about 60-200km NNE of Amsterdam? With the exception of ithe or mites, ‘the boundary of the biosphere reserve coinvides with the mw of ‘the: "Planologiiche Kernbeslisring” (Pee) (Physical planning Key ROD) 40 witch /the “governments folicy with regard to tha Waddensee has a leid down, The boundary follows the feaward toes of the main dykes. In Where there is no \barcier the boundary includes 011 forelands which are by Bigh tide et least onew in evory two years. This policy means paundary «does ndt hectesdgcily coincide with existing ‘ature “The Lauwersmecr aren covers an area of estuary on the: north coart jai ndand. S2°S2*+53°33'H O4°45"~07 19° 8 Br UESTASLISEMENT Parts of the ares are peratected under the i Act (1967, under Which the following dtcrees bave- been aa S Boaehednnt Teracheliing 4, 400ha Dollard Kwelders. eo wed : 4,320ha - De Dollard 1,065ha © Btaatsnatuurroservaat De Waddenzee 102 ,00Cha oS De Schorten en: Viakte van Kerken,; Terei 6, 700be "12982 - -Kwelders Noordkust Friesland 670he 1982 ‘Kwelderg Noordkust Groningen ae 7 ae" ag int a shole area (250,000ha) wes ‘accepted as 4 wetlend of. (importance under the Ramsar Convention on 2 Mey 1982. Areas aet" are @tate owned sreas. The area of, the protected for nmatere (4,300ha) has deen designated as “Grote id Nate Pgdbied™ (GEN) (Large WNeture Area Unit); the legal babis of this tion { ease father Woak. accepted as a biosphere reserve in “pen P06: the’ core area, 101.0008 ace “atate propecty. and saat Reetatie : a property. Matuce conservation societies own and/or “the private property, incleding; the Polleed - \. \Peiesland and kwelders Noordkust ‘Groningen... Among” At Netuecmonunentum, a non-governmental nature conservation ary “manages about 17,000hu in and around the Waddenses includieg “BP the Dollerd, the (islend of Gricnd, Jeers neat the Mich thre Letands of: Twsael aa: shtphianononie ee" Nas eeven en ee Tes ee hee Pa e189 i NETHERLANDS NAME Waddenzee State Nature Reserve MANAGEMENT CATEGORY Designated Nature Reserves: Boschplat (4400ha), Dollard Kwelder en Wad (4320ha) I (Strict Nature Reserve), The whole area is designated as IX (Biosphere Reserve) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 2.09.05 (Atlantic) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Lies in the provinces of Noord-Holland, Friesland and Groningen (about 80-200km NNE of Amsterdam). With the exception of the Lauwersmeer area, the boundary of the biosphere reserve coincides with the border of the "Planologische Kernbeslissing" (PKB) (Physical planning Key Decision) in which the governments policy with regard to the Waddensea has been laid down. The boundary follows the seaward toes of the main dykes. In places where there is no barrier the boundary includes all forelands which are innundated by high tide at least once in every two years. This policy means that the boundary does not neccessarily coincide with existing nature reserves. The Lauwersmeer area covers an area of estuary on the north coast of the mainland. 52°52'-53°33'N 04°45'-07°13'E DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT Parts of the area are protected under the Nature Conservancy Act 1967, under which the following decrees have been passed: 8 November 1974 Boschplaat, Terschelling 4,400ha 23 May 1977 Dollard Kwelders en Wad 4,320ha 19 October 1978 Staatsnatuurreservaat De Dollard 1,005ha 18 May 1981 Staatsnatuurreservaat De Waddenzee 101,000ha 23 July 1982 De Schorren en Vlakte van Kerken, Texel 6,700ha 23 July 1982 Kwelders Noordkust Friesland 670ha 22 July 1982 Kwelders Noordkust Groningen 1,220ha Virtually the whole area (250,000ha) was accepted as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention on 2 May 1982. Areas declared "“Staatsnatuurreservaat" are state owned areas. The area of the Lauwersmeer protected for nature (4,300ha) has been designated as “Grote Eenheid Natuurgebied" (GEN) (Large Nature Area Unit); the legal basis of this designation is, however, rather weak. Accepted as a biosphere reserve in October 1986. AREA Total area 260,000ha, core area 120,000 ha LAND TENURE Of the core area, 107,000ha are state property and the remaining 13,000ha are private property. Nature conservation societies own and/or manage 11,000ha of the private property, including; the Dollard estuary, Kwelders Noordkust Friesland and Kwelders Noordkust Groningen. Among the private landowners is Natuurmonumentum, a non-governmental nature conservation organisation that manages about 12,000ha in and around the Waddensea including large parts of the Dollard, the island of Griend, reserves near the Lauwersmeer and on the islands of Tessel and Terschelling. ALTITUDE 0-20m g i " re! iT yea? ola - " Re Pay 2 7 -: Were 3 iS i ‘ %y DORE Rae SGadeee Salads deg) pudadadt. wcrsy fa Bucy ; i. tars aime § aRT 9305 4 Wie «=o)° : ; ‘ ise Sg 7 Site babe re Adee Feet Dajte os ' tees > bates eine seer" "tp, ig Heo ita tae és \ eee adsontty: Ath Cen Fea eva ee od! wi83 fies th riaereReet! Saeeh Tartu etdaanh ioe , 4 Ane a) faA Oe 4A) igre ee " LPs Caan y iy, i j sah tea) and UT RS CE re me ery ree ee hve rik ver bee ian fa | Pana : i” ay rou ta os 7 8 ar T |i ' ; Pee ‘Sten a | hah a ss * OG. f = rE. na 4 ; “> * Ailey. ietag aes wis: Sled n 2x hy BR sey yy HOR Pata i ee - \ rae BPFe; oss Pya rt pags O verre pias hy! sean Svewigads. obi HeMGAGS GK Cy fa my MYO ALE Rea » MA, 8s ae Hb» Tiss Divide. agra sw v4 Totpk rs dir Vee ed hes ‘sia fia + A 4 ; ) . the ote type « B2y)" >) Tie’? rel S Son's, ae hs ne im: ‘ Hy Pius tea’, : psy, lal ied Fe PHYSICAL FEATURES The Waddensea is a shallow coastal sea, partly estuarine in character. It is protected from the North Sea by a chain of islands and high sand flats. The Waddensea consists of tidal channels and shallow open water (about 45% of the area), muddy and sandy tidal flats (about 45%) and salt marshes (about 10%). The most eastern part of the Dutch Waddensea is marked by the estuary of the Ems River CLIMATE Conditions are Atlantic with a mean annual temperature of 9.1°C and mean annual precipitation of 720mm at sea level. VEGETATION The salt marshes are covered with halophilous vegetation with some 30 species of phanerogams. Transitional areas between marshes and dunes support a further 100 species. The tidal flats support only two species of seagrasses but dozens of species of macro-algae and hundreds of micro-algae. Very little vegetation grows in the tidal channels. FAUNA The tidal channels and flats support an assembly of invertebrates (e.g. zooplankton, bivalves, polychaetes, crustaceans). These animals form the staple food for numerous species of fish and birds. The Waddensea acts as a nursery for many fish species, including species caught commercially in the North Sea. Breeding species of birds include: shelduck Tadorna tadorna, eider Somateria mollissima, oystercatcher Heamatopus ostralegus, avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus, terns Sterna spp., marsh harrier Circus cyaneus, Montagu's harrier Circus pygargus, spoonbill Platalea leucorodia, pintail duck Anas acuta and sandwich tern Sterna sandvichensis. The Wadensea is a very important migratory route for waterfowl. The number of birds present at any one time may total about 1 million. The only mammal species in the area is the Harbour seal Phoca vitularia. A few localities in the neighbouring fens and marshes of Friesland and Overijssel provide the only mainland European habitat for the subspecies of the rare large copper butterfly Lycaena dispar batavus. CULTURAL HERITAGE Traditional uses of the Waddensea include fishing and culture of shellfish. LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION Land adjacent to the Waddenzee supports’ an agricultural community. Towns such as Harlingen employ people in industry and increasingly in tourism. VISITORS AND VISITOR FACILITIES The region attracts a substantial number of tourists. Visitor activity is mainly limited to the edges of the reserve. Facilities for visitors include camp sites. Service industries have developed. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES The Waddensea has been the site of scientific research for at least 100 years. In 1985 about 50 scientists conducted research in the Waddensea area. It is expected that such research effort will be maintained in the future. Located very close to the area are two research laboratories, three field stations and a number of shelters. There is accommodation for 40 scientists. The effects of harvesting of lugworms Arenicola marina has been investigated by Van den Heilgenberg (1987). CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT Management programmes include the Waddensea Conservation Programme (WWF Project 1411) which operates through the IUCN/WWF Advisory Committee for the Waddensea. The Committee outlined a strategy for the area, developed a long-term programme for identifying priorities and provided recommendations on critical conservation issues in order to maintain and improve the status of the area. Projects are funded by the three national WWF organizations concerned (Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands). 2. eelvewiad ylseay een Aoinese vols ad ae Bald: ot be agin baw abaeisi 30 oiaid-« yd sa! sa : ana bed 93938 getaw aege wolliads ban dlenaeio |+ Area (ae 4°49 caw jen AabP? ’ el Eee bun (200 Juode): 24089. odie yorne ur thee ‘4 it eRe bette oc) sachetba Abant ali Ja suey jd2edess: Joe " CfUE sake {’* aa J Ve PF: ; a Nr aa 2 h08 te OUUsRDOaieg SeUGHe od a iw i ith + ews 1h) Late * : ‘kien Pelsediphy AuckLantMi dtl oeppves yxe whiicuey Med aM 0 TES f Nee ROdVsam (MSN iy. Ce te woo hae T paepeeadeedd «4 owl i OB) : ; ed. Ydur n Peas weet. fen ty eit. va5 oe 4 (ebay yee edhe - 36; Bek bie -engieogoae Jo .celasae - 10- aawec- dud Hien ree Tt a PRIA Lens 2 ee fe SOTA >t ietegeor watt? iid jtw b Basaadesevn! ‘to? utéhawss ce F3eyeu" cials, oe cantiogs Labdd atsalap PONT. \'bEitene 25 Peat hptioy "ser tevid —, eaonnebteW oft -abo,¢ neg’ ret Fe Rell 27 eT a MRED Re OG yn ASO! unge elt eoee f — TOSriviel abtris in (sage ap boon Dw : Tet Heuret 75 oO , bere? Sainte te! ert ~) ial ry ? Spget ne auaaaye 8.012 aah mth, Noch (isanes sae ete ye. p> esa * 87 .sagraeontyw 7 ‘Th se Pitdven 2 sbata tu Spam te ec ; wee 207 i hetedgs -lapees tino. WP yy Brion dayton Cdr 6b aes titeiel weks EHO UOT Kaede Ween Chee ef! ahdepiq ite Pvt ais “w hans (4400 spat OG) 96) Leek. eeendl tibet St isrie * er i a oi’ dkoseiby ‘baal setae, scodieinl ee our 2. Opdabipeeaete vr A ie ener nd et ie pea drt armas ape, gonsery HAM ages 22 thet toe qoatere om Ji abu. ieee: sabes aby xia i 4, an pes _ The Waddensea is a vital stop over for waterfowl on the Western Palearctic migration route. Together with its rich breeding populations of birds and seals this makes the Waddensea the single most important wetland in Western Europe (IUCN 1987). The future of the area as habitat for birds depends on maintaining the productivity of the area as a food source. Van den Heilgenberg, (1987) considered the present level of harvesting lugworm as not enough to be detrimental to the food levels available to bird populations. More concern was raised over the disturbance to feeding birds that the presence of people digging for lugworm causes, some areas are now permanently unsuitable for feeding birds despite supporting an available food source. There is a management plan for the reserve. Wardens and other government officials are responsible for controlling human activities such as fisheries, recreation and sand extraction. The most active management is carried out in the coastal areas of salt marsh and dunes. Very vulnerable parts of the reserve e.g. breeding colonies of birds and seal resting areas which together comprise 10% of the area, are afforded strict protection. In the remaining part of the core area, fishing and recreation are permitted unless such activities threaten the integrity of the area. Outside the core area other activities such as sand extraction and mussel culture are allowed, subject to safeguards. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS The greatest ecological threat is declining water quality. Pollution comes in the form of waste water, heavy metals, pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. Contamination by such pollutants threatens to kill birds and reduce the reproductive rate of seals. Military training occupies areas of land, for example the Marnewaard training area is adjacent to the Lauwersmeer area. Other disturbances are fishing, mussel culture, sand extraction, exploitation of petroleum and engineering works for coastal protection. The area is affected by mass recreation and other tourist activities. Some reserves are closed to the public. Measures are being taken to restrict the number of breeding pairs of herring gull Larus argentatus. STAFF One hundred and eight staff, including 12 research staff BUDGET WWF Expenditure on Waddensea Conservation Programme (Project 1411) 1984/85 — $2,523 (Total since 1977 - $492,080) LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Staatsbosbeheer, Engelsekamp 6, 9722 AX Groningen REFERENCES Abrahamse, J. and Koppen, H. (1982). Wadden Van Boven. (In Dutch) Duffy, E. (1982). National Parks and Reserves of Western Europe. Macdonald & Co, London. IUCN (1986). 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. CMC, Cambridge. 105pp. IUCN (1987). Directory of Wetlands of International Importance. IUCN. Cambridge. pp256-270. Van den Heiligenberg, T. (1987). Effects of Mechanical and Manual Harvesting of lugworms Arenicola marina L. on the Benthic Fauna of Tidal Flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Biological Conservation 39: 165-177. WWF (1986). WWF Conservation Yearbook. WWF. Gland. DATE September 1987 1377V eaedee wad 20, IW itesay wat 20% 3 ratty ¢ oopheM qty Su, swotdelegeg gilbuesi oie aii sos ap 6 oie "ora ' t " ig? ateue f | Wie Sar SREad ee fee 02 Go ote: ¥ (VO! Wute” sQerney ag ered pone 2 e@ ‘gete. vid ‘ R toy? a3 +gaitewd 2) matodsuiiih of ' awe taote eek Rai vas Cou! 4 ing meivsiiive ne jatserqque stron eeale ties! “aoe 5k SeetdeW ..Weueket of3 vol aklq fs weagenan, « : adiZivi tas ny port gor ftastios ‘ 41.9% ce "ek UGemagenba wlio’ JyoR at ~~ .Wolsgaie . ey fer) bee Yavne olou wie patdles fiery fg. Ubgit to welacles 5 oe igeieds Cetegktc isp aew « : nr Goldaasees bra, didahd pocre pp! 7 ' : o ehieee Nerve ati Fo. “dingose! oi SGP Fie Sagiva bas api ioesec> Grew ae town aol J rT bd - J ne Ahabl peters “tgAdwens 627 ct ; S9/ sO hw cemts He >ycll 5 : on. you Stef io sen aah 20 a gant mG Shoradineeth edit) = .cwas 26ec. seers, eee ith al 50 stl ietiniqua 41 aedta J sta. wa ey ‘the 1] weve AT woh °. 29 hllh j ok =yyeess aenst: Jay pelbabia 0 vogue edd .. oe = a i 5 ad va] atk Fay ‘ wd ey a : tr ener? iF 26 ante bw kysbone a { 7 e a@ Pian : 6 4 > a: ; PY Be8TERhsy ao and ; Rees PETRY ante tado8) Peeig = ee ase PA ywerdadvodeteg)s BOUT ARTaee . 2 a, . SWEDE % oe GAFSGOSY Storlands Watuoe Reserve - I 4Steket Nature Reserve), i. @ko Scientist rMe@arch Station Nature Reserve — © (Stebet Nature Reserve), eko atiedad- Park it (Nationel Park), Vadwetjakke Watienal Pack =~ IY Stone) Pack), IX (Giasphere Rexerve) PPERAPHICAL PROVINCE 2.06.05 (Subarectic Biechwoods} MEHLCAL LOCATION Situated is the - northernmost pert: of Sweden. The on boundary follows the border with Norway, while the southern” bodndery the govth bank of Lake Torne, extending “to inedude the Vadvet jakke fenal Park, Abisko National Park, Abisko Scieatific Research Station Mature and Stordalens Nature Reserve 68°25°N, L9*OO'R RAND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT The individual netere reserves and national D ‘Were crested betweon 1909 and 1980, Accepted as a blosphere Peserve in tober 1926. (The biosphere reserve covers 96,$00ha and includes: Abisko National Pack 4), Vadvetjakka National Park ¢2,800ba}, Stordalens Nature Reserve a}, Abisko Sclentific Research Station Nature Reserve {soar and bahay P425,000he out of a total aren of 31, 200ha). % TURE State 340-1 , 610m ' VA tasate ae re re? |. pura ‘SATURES Tho area consists of mountainous Fastdeadl te ‘the want, by outcrops of bedrock, and to the north wheee there are He megsifs. Lake Torne lies along a northewest exis, it wns formed t of Blacial excavation and is extremely oligetrophic. Tha’ and subalpine zones, areas of barren rocks as well as } @muntain slopes, lakes and watercourges, ur ip the Limestone bedrock north of Lake Torae. “Sa ee annual cainfall ranges from 1500mmi fa’ F per year in Abisko National Park (a very ate Extensive areas (of the Jaad) ate covered with: rE. There ere alpine and gubaipine heaths and: (BO4i, the flora is locally wary rieb. say! re wetle ywitdech vaey from cich fens bo poor swempa. | “the Flora =" AE particular intecest, with rare gpecies such as - agieemamecman and Milandeium apetelum wae. ' . ted reindeer Raugifer berandus are” enipal species also include moose & Se aees eouat pine marten Mart Rare mammal species are povar be Ay at 2 \ Ss ‘ 4, mi ‘ ’ Ted b nt © rhs v—" Pee pid 4 t eee) pea fi J - iwhlée Sa Kiedy OY eat wh “fp re Ce ee 5 a : SWEDEN NAME Lake Torne Area MANAGEMENT CATEGORY Storlands Nature Reserve - I (Strict Nature Reserve), Abisko Scientific Research Station Nature Reserve — I (Strict Nature Reserve), Abisko National Park - II (National Park), Vadvetjakka National Park — II (National Park), IX (Biosphere Reserve) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 2.06.05 (Subarctic Birchwoods) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Situated in the northernmost part of Sweden. The northern boundary follows the border with Norway, while the southern boundary follows the south bank of Lake Torne, extending to include the Vadvetjakke National Park, Abisko National Park, Abisko Scientific Research Station Nature Reserve and Stordalens Nature Reserve. 68°25'N, 19°00'E DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT The individual nature reserves and national parks were created between 1909 and 1980. Accepted as a biosphere reserve in October 1986. AREA The biosphere reserve covers 96,500ha and includes: Abisko National Park (7,500ha), Vadvetjakka National Park (2,500ha), Stordalens Nature Reserve (1,000ha), Abisko Scientific Research Station Nature Reserve (500ha) and Lake Torne (25,000ha out of a total area of 31,/700ha). LAND TENURE State ALTITUDE 340-1,610m PHYSICAL FEATURES The area consists of mountainous features to the west, dominated by outcrops of bedrock, and to the north where there are higher mountain massifs. Lake Torne lies along a north-west axis, it was formed as a result of glacial excavation and is extremely oligotrophic. The area includes alpine and subalpine zones, areas of barren rocks as well as alpine meadows, valleys, mountain slopes, lakes and watercourses. Karst-—phenomena with caves occur in the limestone bedrock north of Lake Torne. CLIMATE Mean annual rainfall ranges from 1500mm in Vadvetjakka National Park to only 300mm per year in Abisko National Park (a very low figure for Sweden). VEGETATION Extensive areas (of the land) are covered with different types of birch forest. There are alpine and subalpine heaths and meadows. Due to the calcareous soil, the flora is locally very rich. There are wetlands north of the lake which vary from rich fens to poor swamps. The flora of the Abisko area is of particular interest, with rare species such as Platanthera Oligantha, Epipogium aphyllum and Milandrium apetalum present. FAUNA Domesticated reindeer Rangifer tarandus are found throughout the whole area. Common animal species also include moose Alces alces, wood hare Lepus timidus, ermine Mustela erminea, pine marten Martes martes and several species of small rodents. Rare mammal species are brown bear Ursus arctos, lynx Lynx lynx, wolverine Gulo gulo, arctic fox Alopex lagopus and otter Lutra lutra(V). Typical bird species in the region are dotterel Charadrius morinellus, golden plover Pluvialis apricaria, long-tailed skua Stercorarius longicaudus, rough-legged buzzard Buteo lagopus, merlin Falco columbarius, red-necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus, Temminck's stint Calidris temminckii, willow grouse Lagopus lagopus and ptarmigan Lagopus mutus. Rare birds include gyc falcon Falco rusticolus, golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos, shore lark Eremophila alpestris and arctic warbler Phylloscopus borealis. 1 yi Yale + “an = q re gs ee a i os ae Ae ‘ “ ‘a Syren £ .. alias sain ay teed ee Re gp eg RRB ANG 552" in Lye we: Mh EN ge as“ ; % Pe ore A oi? rie} ay i” baa LY cope - ~<-¥E8 1 PE 4P fide pit a8 Oo eae, e 4y Te ay cee a un) ie re shany eat | ae P! Sic abe are ta) 2 4, 7 ~ eee, URRR PNP GON mony: 4'! Tat ih Pany ~ tajise .6 ba ns ¢ ny : ¥ ; jw apis j ; 1s mA Ae i 4 aA® i, j ; + ro , on CULTURAL HERITAGE The area has been used by Lapps for grazing reindeer for several centuries. Traditional activities also include hunting and fishing. LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION Traditional Lapp farming has been modified with the use of off-road vehicles. The Lapps lead less of a nomadic life than they used to. Revenue generated by visitors to the protected areas and from hunting and fishing has contributed to the local economy. VISITORS AND VISITOR FACILITIES The number of visitors to a particular area depends on accessibility. The area north of the lake is largely without roads and, as off-road driving is forbidden, few tourists visit the area. To the south of the lake though, there is a railway and roads that provide good access. Abisko National Park has about 30,000 visitors a year. Facilities here are good and attract tourists throughout the year. During the winter visitors are attracted by the skiing, facilities for which include a cable transport line. During the summer the area is widely used by hikers along marked trails. Other facilities include a tourist station (where overnight accommodation is available), bridges, overnight cabins and an information centre. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES The Abisko Scientific Research Station was established in 1903. Consequently, this area of Sweden has been studied over a long period, providing a comprehensive understanding of the area. Ongoing studies concern the effects of tourism on the environment. Within the Abisko area, monitoring of terrestrial and limnological ecosystems forms part of the National Monitoring Programme in Sweden. CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT The long history of scientific research and preservation of the areas in their natural state are the main reasons for creating a biosphere reserve. Regulations applied in the two national parks and two nature reserves are stricter than elsewhere. These four areas, totalling 110,500ha, are regarded as core areas by the Swedish Environmental Protection Board. The delta of Abiskojakka River within Abisko National Park is protected as a bird sanctuary and access is prohibited from 1 May to 31 July. Reindeer husbandry is considered fully compatible with the purposes of the biosphere reserve. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS There are few management problems in the area. Resource exploitation is not allowed without the permission of the Swedish parliament. The important areas, such as nature reserves, are protected by limiting access. It is not yet known how much of a threat off-road vehicles will prove to be. STAFF Fourteen, including wardens and rangers. The number of permanent personnel at the Abisko Scientific Research Station is ten. BUDGET No information LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Warden, Asgaton 20, 960 40 Jokkmokk REFERENCES UNESCO Nomination DATE October 1987 1382V saad) tovhabes Yieimany ip bagmyl aaneals boa mi} oS 1 Ae a a Ah feet od Wak. sacred, age. kano Tt oe Mage . rr. r nll wet oh Bae th an ‘eel’ baal ongn tei) "Sel so rhe,’ cues 4 =o y nage bape Ve anion pai: Pees CRE tna: tet ao ace esl jeren - )Vrtptde ‘kadod ages tg gb dinida ddr mad: $a) es aay 4 Av ba ett teug. ant ’ s teaarie : ob dee ay ee “20 9 cbaee iat re ue Jpttettave 3], wel UNION. OF SOVIET SOCYALIS? eeeuatroe ATBGORE X AStrict Natare Reserve) and XX (Blonphere Reservad PROVINCE 2.03.03. (West Eurasian Yaigad and 2.04.02 Cast LOCATION The Reserve lies in Keesnoyapsk Territory and extends régiona: the eastern purt of Weact Siberien Lowland jo-Sibirekaja Nizmennost) and the western provinces of the Central en Phatean (Sredne-Sibirskoje Ploskogorje), The boundary does mot mny. copegraphical feature in the west, but in the east it curves to wome of the catchment srea of Fodkemarinaya River. 60°55'-63°25°N, BLISHMENT~ ‘Created a State Neture ag) (een wi TH Lae reset, = ave cunt A I6 eae YAbIMGSED.~ GHD) lo. were.” 7 “gf "Og icegh gin st Sensex aia) pera le ig tc eat: Sapna te Beem aM! oy di Tie ole taki ve" oy at tra tN Wer satielha? 3 im bid ted ., SBE Or4 20 Pans Cera o bel ee dada aoe ke etl esa ia” - " & i \ das ze fer ia e ai PEs ee in athe irtpenatia Ae. eM mes ehaitiis.. |i wank ott ot eee ; a me ib +. as). a th Lae omega 2 ole Serpely rs LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION The core area is totally free from modification by man. Territory to the south of the core area is inhabited by the Kets, whose main occupations are hunting and fishing, while to the north live the Evenks. Their main occupations are hunting and reindeer husbandry. The rest of the reserve is inhabited by Russians, most of whom have lived in the area for generations. Their occupations, besides hunting and fishing, include forestry and agriculture. Such activities are patchily distributed. VISITORS AND VISITOR FACILITIES No information SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES Integrated ecological research on soil, vegetation and animal populations has been conducted in the core area since 1969 by the Institute of Evolutionary Animal Morphology and Ecology of the U.S.S.R. Detailed inventories of flora, fauna and soil are the first priority in the reserve's research programme. CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT The reserve is an important conservation area because it contains representatives of all taiga ecosystems for Central Siberia. Its unspoilt nature makes it ideal for species and ecosystems research. Yenisey Valley is one of the major flyways in the Eastern Palaearctic. Some avian species have been listed in the USSR Red Data Book. Seventy species of plant including Botrychium lunaria, Selaginella selaginoides, Brachypodium pinnatum, Elymus jenisseensis, Lilium pennsylvanicum, Cypripedium macranthum and Oxytropis katangensis, have been proposed for strict protection. The reserve has a core area of 972,000ha, within which any form of development is totally prohibited, a buffer zone of 150,000ha, a research zone of 120,000ha, which lies alongside the north-west corner of the core zone with Yenisey River flowing through it, and traditional taiga land with an area of about 4,000,000ha. The taiga, is used for traditional activities (hunting, fishing, reindeer husbandry) and contains relatively restricted zones for forestry and agriculture. The core area includes 60km of the Yenizey Valley. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS No information STAFF 118 staff, including administrative and research workers BUDGET No information LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Tzentralnosibirskii State Nature Reserve, 663196 Bor (Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk) REFERENCES Alekseenko E.A. (1967). Kety. Nauka, Leningrad. = Syroechkovsii, E.E. (1974). Biologicheskie resursy Sibirskogo Severa. Problemy osvoeniya. Nauka, Moscow. Syroechkovskii, E.E., Rogacheva E.V. and Klokov, K.B. (1982). Taezhnoye priorodopolsovaniye. Lesnaya Promyschlennost, Moscow. Zhivotnyi mir Enisejskoi taigi i lesotundry i priorodnaya zonalnost. Nauka, Moscow. DATE September 1987 1376V ¥ Wf aepl2aslibece ane quo} eifedos re .2dtn ergo ant Bip INOS enor , efo¥ an! uw bedigadgt ©! s474 Pras ad} Are dguier “asd of yrosioveT = 5 have f+ ceil 4i4ane8 Yaity OF O0ae , giebde 2 ‘hie qcnc4anld Aaa & ‘Np aan esd Vo ved ode -vabui Hither is, the’ Gokdmud ons Sacleecosco Og Wo} Hea end-all. bevey” AVC Pe dy 29 pf Bim . Ona h2e048 4a Sadia! el « wrdeeno? hy (3At ees Dat: saddipartt Bhbiabd= net isauove aed? . pape thetudinsers 1H eg min todbees Cha. AvaR! ial oes rot. eaah of | SEUEt To POTceTy ahieg Apatce Yaw onl ato es ee Carotisian-south Atlantle Givephers Kewarve: Santer Delis—Capa x oos ‘Sibregion ATEGORY. | 2 Vy Fe eRe EE (Beriet Natuce Reserve, Pron j Landacapea, Kesource Reserve apa Hltosphere Swerve) 045 - err erent ON The (eae te. bordered on. the east &y the Atlantic an. the west by Etm Bee Grpattal Waterway, onthe mocth by thre northern eae Hobcaw. Martey, (e0e% eeu -to the attention the sorchers sovadury «as Iniet -estuceg) wid Sy the south by Capers Inlet. The cerita reece i in. to -coention,/ Siprigeton and Georgatown. [ft is apptorigaltels orth-esst of th City GF Charleston and epproximecciy i wires. & of the clty of Gwergetowh. “ Acroee the Intracossia) vetemway Lo tho oy ithe Frances Merton Ratiasel Poteet) \3S"O7'N, 79*20'H. \ is" 4 a : ry @ Cope Romain Refuge: eutabliches, exe twding 4 Claret to migratory bird. tiuntiang t+ Prekidenttal wuike Piiant wes added th the cefuge ic 1936 Wl bhecwone aod prbtected Sy Mebile Lew. 93-632 deter 4.2 1° Teekay heeame Gtete Gecd ander Carolina Resitage Trust trwndes. ect Oo: 600 ia 1vre. pieens hentia) Réserve: ownership went oo he th Carolina. free The Metiire Conservancy 9.20.74, Yrarm Hoxorwas heen. cetelnnd by The Hetare Conservancy. Capers (> amt Senate 4 ,’ @f Watdeor Recreation funds: foma Serreny: Carolinian-South Atlantic Biosphere Reserve: Santee Delta—Cape Romain Subregion MANAGEMENT CATEGORY I, V, VI and IX (Strict Nature Reserve, Protected Landscape, Resource Reserve and Biosphere Reserve) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE 1.06.05 (Austroriparian) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION The reserve is bordered on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by the Intracoastal Waterway, on the north by the northern boundary of Hobcaw Barony,(previous to the extention the northern boundary was the North Inlet estuary) and on the south by Capers Inlet. The entire reserve is included in two counties, Charleston and Georgetown. It is approximately 20 miles north-east of the city of Charleston and approximately 10 miles south-east of the city of Georgetown. Across the Intracoastal Waterway to the west is the Frances Marion National Forest. 33°07'N, 79°20'W. DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT Cape Romain Refuge: established, excluding Bulls Island, in 1932. Closed to migratory bird hunting by Presidential Proclamation 2000. Bulls Island was added to the refuge in 1936. Wilderness Area established and protected by Public Law 93-632 dated 1.3.75. Yawkey Wildlife Centre: became state land under Carolina Heritage Trust Agreement and Easement Act No. 600 in 1976. Santee Coastal Reserve: ownership went to the state of South Carolina from The Nature Conservancy 9.20.74. Washoo Reserve: the title has been retained by The Nature Conservancy. Capers Island: became state owned in 1975 with Bureau of Outdoor Recreation funds. Hobcaw Barony: is privately owned by the Belle W Baruch Foundation and is protected under a legal trust for conservation, research and for educational purposes. Accepted in 1986 by Unesco as a biosphere reserve; on 25 March 1987 the area was extended by increasing the area of the Cape Romain Refuge and including Hobcaw Barony. AREA The total area is 47,992ha (increased from 32,474ha). Different units consist of: Washoo Reserve - 42lha, Yawkey Wildlife Centre; North Island - 1,821ha and South Cat Islands - 6,659ha, Cape Romain Refuge - 22,294ha, Capers Island — 809ha, Santee Delta Reserve — 8,906ha and Hobcaw Barony - 7,082ha. LAND TENURE The state owns 22,294ha in the form of US federal lands under the Fish and Wildlife Service. The state of South Carolina owns 16,374ha and 1,82lha of the core zone. The Nature Conservancy owns 42lha in the core zone. The remaining 7,082ha of the core zone are owned by the Belle W Baruch Foundation. ALTITUDE 0O-12.8m PHYSICAL FEATURES Located in the lower coastal plain in the Carolinian-South Atlantic region. The unit contains representative communities of the region, as well as unique features. It includes nine contiguous barrier islands, a true embayment (Bull's Bay), cuspate foreland (Cape Island) and seven major estuaries (North Inlet, Winyah Bay, and North and South Santee Rivers). There are extensive salt marshes, with numerous inlets and small islands; areas of impounded marsh for rice culture are also present. Pleistocene sediments compose the core of the barrier islands formed in response to sea level rise. Tides are in the mesotidal range with numerous tidal inlets, extensive salt marshes, beach ridge barrier islands with maritime forests. Special features include: significant river delta on the Atlantic coast of the U.S., a true embayment, cuspate foreland, and extensive impoundments. nH) hgh é att , + AGI« ret fi Tih) bi sta ' : sunt at a4 eH ¥ et ‘ la iS ae) we t ee f Jena) “ids a * ~ Y ° oitne vA ‘pia svi tees ee Pent b yes uke Mm wiih af , (4 ry a. eawll thon Mid aituiia rg na i eet ee 0 eee. 7 ae vA aw! ya bytud ede ks WAS. Rot tosse fs ae) * o70 ede Ae que * enis oe te FHL iz oath vt ' wn ey 52° AD “se a % iekal , iste ude Phe ; aE Ls =n ey i ee 00. She, : wa iw pi ivi ' He Pond ecaue ds” Cie Wee eo r7edt ee Soe Oe, oe ee adh ot perieibs een bebe Wek. Jeet sees tet ie volo ata te cr i Be a Risa goo" takablad nits Sraneg® © xy inf ioad’ ihe” y ja ee fe = be au 5 | ea ene 2 YF Mias Tie, ape Diva Led e114 odes nail £ wb PA S: theese 4. bag vets (400d ri “paly po >... oarh ul ne. ond sets peer > lp d0X pions. AdToOR Away preoes ouad’ cat > Hakroba cesar 48 es died “Tipe aS op eatery, ae y TALeR. al ue * bor) i As — oe vee ed were gee.ah 4 oh Peer ee eee = By pe ~ ths (en breeds fi. 46 oS SO at 7 - rhe o£ Ts f - oF 4 aragpente » es eapecd a: ¢ * . aie sie Off . oi $4oesven! \ Reb iin von’ ~ ‘ar ue et “eb Sasa! OM BRLTR Ln vireo! ee el nae oe a eerties dx) (eoet © i oftaheel naive) nay mid saaiia CLIMATE The mean annual temperature is 19°C and the mean annual precipitation is 1320mn. VEGETATION Commonly found species: Salt Marsh - _ smooth cordgrass, and saltmeadow cordgrass. Dune community - sea oats, panic grass, sandspur, beach pennywort, brown sedge, prickley pear, cabbage palmetto, wax myrtle. Transition and shrub communities - wax myrtle, yaupon holly, red bay, eastern red cedar, live oak, catbrier, pepper vine, trumpet vine, Virginia creeper, sea myrtle, sea ox-eye, black needlerush. Maritime forest - live oak, laurel oak, cabbage palmetto, magnolia, loblolly pine, southern red cedar, yaupon holly, red bay, and American holly. Other communities also include bald cypress—tupelo, gum swamp, and pocosins. Threatened plants include Sarracenia rubea and Dioneae muscipula. A species list is available for the unit. FAUNA A species list is available for the unit CULTURAL HERITAGE Apart from some cultivation of rice in the 1800s, there has been very little development. The North Island lighthouse was listed as a National Historic Landmark on 30 December 1974. LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION There are 14 family dwellings on the entire reserve. All roads are dirt, and buildings have been kept to a minimum. VISITOR FACILITIES Cape Romain Refuge: There is a new visitor contact station with various exhibits depicting refuge wildlife, informational pamphlets and species lists. Yawkey Wildlife Centre: Weekly educational field trips for 14 persons available. Graduate student field trips as requested. Inspection of prototype management activities as requested. Cape Romain Refuge: Nature trails for hiking. Santee Coastal Reserve: Nature trails and broadwalks. Hobcaw Barony: Bellefield Nature Centre contains exhibits and provides instructional programmes on the history of the Hobcaw Barony, coastal ecosystem, and the sites activities. The Belle W Baruch Foundation sponsors short courses, coastal ecology classes, teacher workshops, field studies for interested groups and guided tours of the site. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES Waterfowl related research, impounded and unimpounded marsh ecology, forest wildlife research, endangered species ecology, and coastal wilderness research are major activities. Experimental impoundments with individual water control structures were available with much base line information already collected. Access restricted by ferry operation on Yawkey Centre. The area is important in coastal process and geology since the diversion of the Santee River in 1940 and the scheduled redivision in the near future. Many of the islands and areas are boat access only. All local populations are monitored to some degree. There is especially detailed monitoring of populations of endangered and threatened species. Loggerhead turtles, bald eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus, osprey Pandion haliaetus, red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis as well as game species. The scientific facilities available in the unit include a field station, experimental plots and four small dorms on Yawkey and one on Cape Romain. Hobcaw Baroy is a major centre for long-term ecological research on estuarine ecosystems, conducted through the Belle W Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research (University of South Carolina) and research on forest ecosystems of the outer coastal plain, conducted through the Belle W Baruch Forest Science Institute (Clemonson University). { Ri devighoove jAbine “oe On? ‘Dia Ds TT eg ie ‘ “eo ok TAMILS . myn? al ea oe ee Mert Ake sh pie poked einem Ronee Modded aiiget " 20a’ is Pr ( 5 ; PT ies Oru, Z : , oom Lean. bie Ve iti har as LA — “Yolanrrn ,ATPay ) be oy vonghareg MIGRRBA: vad bere PLO ogee odes yey ay pdr Acs mt iy Vis sob ipaest:, ,Sagoo18 eile Vee arueiry sary raphy Ie) fs74 A a tiger: boy foawAl “Sine owt = deur; ijlse3 Mees aa? “Morkd .¢te go. of Figm aoe phguay “ahQy be oe t4tivve seatq. -vyiseiste Serer OF 5 =* sso jaag.' ; BEAd seis ii. wala “eda nyend= ease cited. nag. ee yr ¥en) hae nahloay Stgonewan wbwlo wl, oday MPa tA alamo Gah, eatiwn aun “OM LaRBeIQ ES Sing nd Gas wigshheye 2h OOlT anlugny A trae ( So,sQtO hah gpdgg” JT BAS SOT) oie S tava « ae | ws 0 Feds BOGE. On) a) #549 Fo, not seviclo ik MMT? stas ie , ® Oh beseil teow, Mapa agle bnelay: CON OAT: eimestaveb al a ati dye Ait Of “Ta Agadboa. siaigan OVIedes Br Ls As. a or) aq fingeltioub 7) ite? 64 96 Ose8?- COTY B NOR wt ‘ie Hot esd egalolioe hap . 4 dash din escent Sgt ay a a Seapn’ OPO18. Niamh, aquo Fe useage et iplane » Tom yhidslagh. 22 iden a tovdane rwiist le tera? asiat. i : - saree ue aie wee pee to AOPEL Lewy “we 8 el) wel 45: -beddinppbd! ‘aah phe iad Lint asd gay sHtet 24 avi dvoquiex | iat | ihe 1 CAeNe:- wsese ~ gute 4 vibes ieites sally ‘Wad death -tdivwbeded bap $86. Selpiegony =sani! Rieat aebivoiy Rowe Séivigga 6) ate aha hoe ie Hi WER wse ‘spin © Rqonedrow SebKed £65521 5 Yaoss -fatbags Rees f9ats oxcuscee folks Wis< ne Sabiug- bos doves. BeFeaanin | ioc ani! oy a. eRe ein: Dye tourer: ATMs, nagaezee fy ete O es, eerie 7°90) Weehwne = Avuae: bet Telew ong ie Aerts ated | — a etots Soa oa on CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT The Yawkey Wildlife Centre's management plan is structured around the stipulations in the will of the late Mr Tom Yawkey. It allowed for research, management and education on the majority of the property except for North Island. The Santee Coastal Reserve, (including the Washoo Reserve), Cape Romain and Caper Island all have management plans addressing the various management practices and the species involved. Core areas — North Island 1,821ha was established as Wilderness Area under the Yawkey will and no Management activities are allowed. Washoo Reserve 42lha, use restrictions exist under the management of The Nature Conservancy to protect the sensitive rookery area. Hobcaw Barony (7,082ha) is strictly protected for research, education and conservation of natural ecosystems. Buffer zones - 38,664ha. The remaining areas will be in the buffer zones and are managed for wildlife species including waterfowl, deer, turkey and endangered species. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS Apart from rice cultivation in the 1800s, the area has experienced very little development. STAFF There are a total of 120 staff on the reserve. BUDGET No information LOCAL ADMINISTRATION S.C. Wildlife and Marine Reserve, P.O. Box 12559, Charleston, SC 29412. Washoo Reserve, The Nature Conservancy, P O Box 5475, 724B Meadow Street, Columbia SC 29250. Cape Romain Refuge, 390 Bulls Island Road, Awendow SC 29499 Hobcaw Barony, Baruch Institute for Marine Biology & Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, P O Box 1630, Georgetown SC 29440 REFERENCES Studies and reports from Tom Yawkey Wildlife Centre are available. Couvillion, C.E. (1982). Studies on arterial worm infection in white-tailed deer. Parasitology College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia. Epstein, M.B. (1983). Mortality and movements of white-tailed deer fawns on two coastal islands in South Carolina. Thesis in Wildlife Management, University of Maryland. Feldhamer, G.A. and Joyner, R.L. (1983). Predation on white-tailed deer fawns by bobcats, foxes and alligators: Predator Assessment. The Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildife Agencies. Hopkins, S.R. and Murphy, T.M. (1981). Reproductive ecology of Caretta caretta in South Carolina. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. Joyner, B. (1977-1982). Tom Yawkey Wildlife Centre annual reports on wildlife Management activities. Tom Yawkey Wildlife Centre. Murphy, T.M. and Wilkinson, P.M. (1982). American alligator investigations, Management recommendations and current research. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. Shealy, R.L. (1982). Marine blue green of the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Centre's impoundments. Swiderek, P.K. (1982). Production, management, and waterfowl use of sea pruslane, gulf coast muskgrass, and widgeongrass in brackish impoundments. M.Sc. thesis, University of Georgia. , fotiw yedwek edt tA ners ; ¥ od ; Wo odel at} OT rie | phot splugis iJ tawose eae > . : Ry os ; teoiree tine ta sarian . doveetws ao? nemnasn bd Rae Cova » 3oe) aa “ott itjeiet 2am jo? '. ' Kat so0tauona 4 Lak Deeds. Owe th TM ale ay coven ised: hay thw L) ner eal Me oi thang lig We Rede: eto c neta? ; par pial ny ahTin ASS eh=el hiw« Hedecideder' gee stve, t oe As , Sha ‘ab nn sihec > urewr Cpe eve siyhthntasa soomeg mh add ong if ~ eae vaae te’ Wa’ i 30 jonpremeren oft enn beiodro ud goss i, tenes ©). YR ce, wae ie. eee @ om (i jens, Sun 974 Ye Vive aS Skee oe sae 0 rity (dake ritats. tin og faaa ha rh iy \ . Ye RG ga em a awn s: Soatod aes: wl. ao tg yy Neate aameer et eal vA iWi vege btejoeune OAS ‘esa ~a0 Syinites av so bhutant Lh elec? , e000 edt! nb aoldevisins opie oGak) @noye § EteuaeSs 7 PAormO eyes Gtacil egee Ges -W4beo? offi ao hades ast mm Issot 2 . vd { i f i we "=e TERY SIAPS.Oe, -neeaea hey .ztO0 bos VOL Véwse cam 20: sau ae Ot ical 7 sJou3rs wehbe e450 )oled me OR, Goaavrenson roto a7 =r 90 ortet at nie SFAeK Oe poles pteGR Unde ot HikOOR .veuhar ah AMR ted thog F ‘yaot@be ‘welt 30% etotStent Apveat .1 Oornt® se seiner (pews es 4 yearly a itgvus Ww eit eldelinwe asa evita ert edsie Wgeye® ant nb7) sien bas eoltcda =m ieee ace yeh wit Lites (teer) 2.3 «sigh to | ert iat |i : " bom Sere widev Yo - epgerieo epetes agen var faa —" ‘seal behets Ai esr evor bile et piason (tes Josme genus oth ebiie pir: athena? alls hahaa B08 ai ehnetet fas +" . oe a shen igi. te Ee: met. i teins 4600) Fe ae best sgt ic wy): amtite reayos baie’ Bree wr ed seins ad anti