!i I 1 ii'ii LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE N0.__0__C£)__C7 DATE_n~ j_?.SS_ •ex \'-9 ^/ i^ 67 S 7774 L \ THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE, AND ALL USEFUL DISCOVERIES AND IMPROVEMENTS IN RURAL AFFAIRS. *' Je vonrlrais echaiiffer tout I'univers de nion got pour les jardins. II me semlile flii'il est impossible qu'iin mediant puisse I'avoir. II n'est point de vertus que je ne suppose a cclui que aime h. parler et k faire des jaidins. Peres de famille, inspirez la jardinomanie a vos enfans." — Prince De Ligne. VOL. IX. 1843. Edited by C. INI. HOVEY BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY HOVEY AND CO., MERCHANTS ROW. 1843. c -JO e..x: V.I PREFACE. If we were to point out any one improvement in the Ninth Volume, over the previous ones, it would be the several articles upon Fruits. These embrace, with many others, abridged notices of the Third Edition of the London Horticultuial Society's Catalogue of Fruits; and our own articles, describing eighteen varieties, nearly new, as well as the most superior, pears in cultivation. These we may offer as a specimen of what we have in store for our readers, in future volumes. The cultiva- tion of the choicer fruits has rapidly increased within a year or two, and the desire to possess a knowledge of the most esteemed kinds has induced us to devote a good portion of our room to this object. The Tenth Volume will contain many additional engravings, representing a great number of fine pears. As particularly interesting to the fruit cultivator, we may mention the paper by Dr. Burnett, on the Curculio. If the method he proposes, to get rid of this depredator on the plum, is not the best, his remarks upon the habits of this insect may be the means of drawing attention to its ravages, and induce individuals to try experiments which may result in the discovery of an efiectual method. The paper of Mr. Crawshay, on grow- ing the Grape, embodied in our article, has attracted much attention in England, and, we believe, equally so among our own professional and amateur cultivators. Its practical effects in our climate remain to be tested; but we trust soon to see an attempt made to grow the grape upon his plan. Although the vicinity of Boston is noted for the great amount of grapes annually raised under glass, yet we are but beginners in the ait, and have much to learn before we can claim a high state of cul- tivation of this delicious fruit. Mr. Camak's two articles on our native Grapes are among the most valuable communications. The Tenth Volume of the Magazine will close our first Decade or Series. We then propose several important improvements, of which we shall speak hereafter. Trusting, in the mean time, to the continued aid of our friends and correspondents, we shall aim to render our next volume no less interesting than those which have preceded it. ^ , ^ „ Boston, Dec. 1, 1843. CONTENTS. ORIGINAL COxMMUNICATlONS. GENERAL SUBJECT. A Retrospective View of the Progress of Jlorticultiire in the United States, during the year 1842. By the Editor 1 Notes on England and France, during two several visits to those countries in the years 1840, 1841 and 1842; with sonic Remarks on their buildings and horticulture, and on rural affairs, &c. By William Keurick, Nonantum Hill, Newton 12 Notices of Gardens and Nurseries in the vicinity of New York, from memo- randa made during a visit in October, 1842. By the Editor .... 41 Remarks upon the state of Horticulture in Indiana; the favorableness of its climate for fruits; the production of seedling apples, &c. By the Rev. H. W. Beecher, Indianopolis, Indiana . 81 The Curculio (Rynchtenus Cerasi Peck,) its natural history, habits, character, and the best mode of preventing its destructive ravages; together with re- marks on the cause of the disease known as the Warty Excrescence, and suggestions to prevent its appear- ance. In a letter to the Committee on Fruits of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society. By Dr. Joel Bw- nett, Southborough, Mass. . . 281 An Address delivered before the Colum- bian Horticultural Societv, Washing- ton, 1). C, August 3, \tii-i. By Geo. Watterston, Esq. Communicated by J.S. Skinner, Esq., Washington, B.C. 321 Notes and Recollections of a tour through Hartford, New Haven, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Wash- ington, and some other places, in Oc- tober, 1843. By the Editor . . 401 HORTICULTURE. Observations on the favorableness to Horticulture of the soil and climate of Washington, D. C, with some re- marks upon the cultivation of the Peach. By J. S. S., Post Office De- partment 19 Some account of a new variety of Pear, called tlie Stone Pear; with a doscrip- tion and engraving of the fruit, its origin, history, &c.; in a letter to the President of the Massachusetts Hor- ticultural Society. By A. H. Ernst, Corresponding Member, Cincinnati, Ohio 21 Notes upon the Poire d'Aiigora (Angora Pear,) and some addi ional remarks upon the PauWwuia imperidlis. By William Keurick, Nonantum Hill, Newton 50 Notice of a new sweet Apple, called the Broadwell apple; in a letter to the President of the Massachusetts Hor- ticultural Society. By A. H. Ernst, Corresponding Member, Cincinnati, Ohio 51 On the Cultivation of Grapes under Glass, without (ire heat, as practised by Mr. Crawshay, an eminent Eng- lish Cultivator. By the Editor . 86 Notices of Culinary Vegetables, new or recently introduced, worthy of gen- eral cultivation, in private gardens or for the market. By the Editor . . 96 The London Horticultural Society's Catalogue of Fruits ; 3d edition, 1842 : with Notices of several Varieties enu- merated since the second edition, and other Remarks. By the Edi- tor Catalogue of Pears . . .121 Catalogue of Plums . . . 161 Catalogue of Cherries . . .201 Catalogue of Grapes . . .241 Catalogue of Strawberries . . 291 Catalogue of Currants . . . 329 Catalogue of Raspberries . . 331 Pomological Notices ; or Notices re- specting new and superior Fruits, worthy of general cultivation. By the Editor:— Description of eighteen varieties of Pears, new or recently introduced, viz :— 1. Dundas, Boucquia, Rostiezer, Hampden's Bergamot, De Louvain, Beurr^ Bosc 1S2 2. Dearborn's Seedling, Columbia Virgoulouse, King Edward's, Al- thorp Crassane,Beurr6 d'Arembeig, Glout Morceau . . . -249 3. Citron des Carmes, Jargonelle, Bloodgood, Summer Franc R6al, Beurr6 d'Amalis, Gushing . . 361 The Nectarine and Peach ; their liabili- ty to be destroyed by the Curculio, and Remarks on their Cultivation. Communicated by J. S. S., Washing- ton, D. C 166 Grafting the Grape Vine. By James Ca- mak, Esq., Athens, Ga. . . . 300 The Franconia Raspberry — its hardi- ness, and its value as a forcing varie- ty. By A 332 CO.NTEATS. New Varieties of Native Grapes. By JaiUL-s Caiuak, Esq., Adieus, Ga. '. 872 Figure and l)fsiri|ilion of Sinitli's Or- leans I'luni, Willi remarks on the con- fusion hitherto existing with regard to this variety. By A. J. Downing, Highland Horticultural Nurseries, Newliurgh, N. Y 410 Oliservatioiis on the Cultivation of the Strawlierry. By Dr. .1. H. Bayne, Al- exandria, D.C. Coniniunicnted by J. S, Skiuner, Esij., Washington . . 413 BOTANY. Some Cryptoganious Plants, gathered in the vicinity of Kearsarge Mountain, N. H., with observations. By Jno. L. Russell, A. A. .S. Corresi)onding Mem- ber of Massachusetts Horticultural Society 140 Descriptions of several New Plants of New England. By Edward Tucker- juan, Jr., Sschcnectadv, N. Y. . . 142 FLORICULTURE. Some Remarks on the Flowering of the AstrapcE'a Wallichn' and viscosa. By J. W. Paulsen, formerly Gardener to J. W. Perry, Esq., Brooklyn, N. Y. . 145 Experiments on various Flowering Plants, with Guano, and Nitrate of Soda. By .1. E. Teschemacher, Oor- resjionding Sec, Mass. Hon. Soc. . 168 List of the most Ornamental Annual Climbing Flowers, with Remarks on their Cultivation and Treatment. By the E(iitor '171 Destriptioiis of three new Seeding Ca- iiulliiis; and a Note on the Canielh'a Old Virginia. Bv Dr. J. S. Gunneil, Washington, D. C 2G1 Floricullural and Botanical Notices of New Plants, figured in foreign jieriod- icals ; with Remarks on tliose recent- ly introduced to, or originated in, American Gardens, and additional in- formation upon plants already in cul- tivation .52.99.148.181.205.302.333.376.417 Calls at Gardens and Nurseries 187. 213. 379. 423 REVIEWS. Annual Report of the Transactions of the Muiiroe County Agricultural So- ciety, containing the Address at the Exhibition and Fair, at Rochester, Oct. 26, 1812. By Henry Colman, President of the Society. The Report of the Committee, and of the'Premi- ums awarded, and a list of Officers and Meiubers of the Society, for 1842 106 Chemistry in its api)IicaXion to.\gricul- ture and Physiology. By Justus Lie- big, Professor of Chemistry in the University of Giessen, &c. Edited from the manuscript of the author, by Lyon Playfair, Ph. D. . . . 112 Animal Chemistry, or Organic Chemis- try, in its application to Physiology and Patholdgv. By Justus Liebig, ■\1. n. re- struction of Insects by Chamomile, 233 ; Grafting Grape Vines, 233 ; Experiments with Nitrate of Soda, 262 ; Treatment of Russ6Iha juncea, 263 ; Cultivation of Ro- ses in pots, 263; Charcoal, 264; Treat- ment of Cacti, 265; Growing Gooseberry or Currant bushes without Suckers, 265; Nitrate of Soda on Strawberries. 265 ; Grafting Camellias, 2<;">- SMl.-iiinn- for Glazed Frames for hot-li' <;~. -"^ •■ (.inwing Chrysanthemimisfrom I.:n ( i^. .'iii; I'reat- ment of Achimenes graiiaillura,::(>7i Gua- no, 267; Salt as a Manure, 267; Growing Cinerarias, 429 ; Treatment of Rodinthe Mangl^sM, 429 ; Sterile Strawberry blos- soms, 429; Summer Pruning- of Grape Vines, 441 ; Potting and Shifting Plants, 441 ; Cultivation of the Coxcomb, 442 ; Experiments with Guano, 442; Experi- ments upon Asparagus with different ma- nures, 443; Cultivating the Strawberry, 443. Foreign Notices. Emrland.— The White Nice Grape, 151 ; Prize Dalillas for 1842, 234 ; English Dali- lia Exhibitions for 1843, 443; Show of Pelargoniums at the July Exhibition of the London Horticultural Society, 448. France.— Exhibition of the New Horticul- tural Society of Paris, 66. Domestic Notices. Large Apples, 27 ; Tlie Weatlier in Georgia, 29; A'llium c^rnuum, 29; Gardening in Mississippi, 29 ; Sugar Maple trees, (^'cer saccharinum), 115 ; Sport of the Moss Rose, 115; New Seedling Apple, 116; Horticultural Society in Cincinnati, 152 ; Mississippi State Horticultural Society, 152 ; Mr. P. Mackenzie, 152 ; The Progress of Horticultural Improvement in Cincin- nati, 189; Advantage of violet colored glass for vegetating Seeds, 190; The Mis- sissippi State Horticultural Society, 190 ; Forcing the Franconia Raspberry, 191; The Ohio Grape, 191 ; The Bassano Beet, 191; Ever-bearing Raspberry, 191; Cin- cinnati Horticultural Society, 235 ; Hov- ey's Seedling Strawberry, 235; Native variety of the Strawberry, 235 ; Destruc- tion of the Curculio by the use of Salt, 236; Prince Albert Peas, 267; Tecoma jasminoides, 268; Achlmenes longifldra, 268 ; Fuchsj'a Venus Vjctrix, 268 ; Brach- ycome iberidifAlia, 268 ; Hovey's Seedling Strawberry, 268 ; State of Horticulture in the Valley of Virginia, 310 ; Hovey's Seed- ling Strawberry, 311 ; Large Currants, 311 ; Horticultural Society in Northamp- ton, 311 ; Achimenes longiflora, 35(1 ; i'empervlvum arachnoideum, 350 ; Long Rod or Spur System of Pruning Vines, 350 ; The Nectarine Plum, 381 ; New Seedling Grape, 381; Pennsylvania Hor- ticultural ^-l)r•i,■tv. :^^2\ K\lniiiti(iii of the Essex • '. "Ml . \ i':,;;il I . 1-1, .r, .- ,m iriv, 382; L' .;'; s ■ i ,.;•:,,, i ,. ^ r . : -2 ; Middlo. . I .,,,,, ,: , ,. ; :-.. M !v, 3P2 ; Hoi(i..uii,nall:,vluljui.jii iimi i uir of the American Institute, 3b3 ; Tiie Ohio Grape, 430; Seckel Pears on the Apjile Stock, 431 ; Horticultural Exhibition in Cincinnati, 4.50 ; Agricultural, Horticultu- ral and Floral Society in Northampton, Mass., 451 ; Horticultural Society in New Jersey, 451. Retrospective Criticism. Errata, 116, 192, 269 ; Glout Morceau Pear, 35 ; Dicecious character of Strawberries, 35; The Ohio Grape and Herbemont's Ma- deira, 68; Hints for the Editor, 116 ; Pro- ductiveness of Hovey's Seedling Straw- berry, 192 ; Cultivation of Grapes under glass, 192; Remarks on the Pear called Poire de Monsieur le Cur6,Poire Monsieur, Dumas, Belle de Berri, Le Cure or Clioii, Pater Notte, or, bv some of the English, Vicar of Winkfield', 269 ; The Cultivation of Pelargoniums, 351. Pennsylv.^nia Horticultural Society. Annual Exhibition of the Society for 1842, 29 ; Exhibition, Report of Committee on awarding Premiums and Schedule of Pri- zes for 1843, 70. Cincinnati Horticultural Societv. Report of the Committee on Fruits, 311; First Fall Exhibition, Sept. 20 and 21, 461. Massachusetts; Hort. Society. Exhibition, 33; Exhibition and Report of Li- brary Committee, 75 ; Meeting, 117; Re- port of Flower, Fruit and Vegetable Com- mittees, awarding Premiums for 1842, and money api)roi)riated for Premiums for 1843, 153 ; Report of Flower, Fruit and Vegetable Committees offering Premiums for 1843, 194 ; Exhibitions, 236 ; Exhibi- tions and Premiums for Peonies, 275; Ex- hibitions and Premiums for Roses, 313; Premiums for Carnations and Picotees, 316 ; Exhibitions, 353; Exhibitions, 383 ; Fifteenth Annual Exhibition, 385; Account of the Dinner of the Committee of Ar- rangements, 393; Exhibitions, 431; Fourth Annual Dahlia Show and award of Pre- miums, 432 ; Officers of the Society for 1844, 434 ; Exhibitions, 469. Exhibitions of Hort. Societies. Essex County Natural History Society'* Exhibition, 451 ; Sixteenth Annual Fair of the American Institute — HorticijltMjiil E.xhibition, 459 ; Cincinnati Horticultiuul CONTENTS. Society— First Fall Exhibition, 4C1 ; New \ork Stiitf Agricultural Society — Horti- cultural Uepartinent, 467. Faxelil Hall Market. January, 36; February, 78; March, 118; April, 158; May, 198; .luue, 238 ; July, 278 ; August, 318 ; September, 358 ; Octo- ber, 398 ; November, 438 ; December, 471. List of Plants i IIOnTICULTURAL MEMORANDA. January, 39; February, 79; March, 119; April, 159; May, 199; June, 239 ; July, 279 ; August, 319 ; September, 360 ; Octo- ber, 399 ; November, 439; December, 472. Obituary. Robert Manning, 37; John Prince, 359. I Vol. IX. P. 473. LIST OF ENGRAVINGS. Fi?. DIAGRAMS. Pase. H. Mode of training Climbing Flowers 172 28. Showing the method of destroying the eggs of the Curculio with a quill 238 FLOWERS. 9. Thunbirgjo aurantlaca . . 174 10. MauratidyaBarclayHHa . . .175 11. Lophosp^rmum erubSscens . .176 12. Tropte'olum peregriuum . . .178 13. Calimpelis srdbra . . . .180 FRUITS. 1. Stone Pear 25 2. Dundas Pear 133 3. BoucfjuiaPear 134 4. Rostiezer Pear .... 135 5. Hampden's IJergamot Pear . . 136 6. De Louvain Pear .... 137 7. Beurri Bosc Pear .... 139 14. Dearborn's Seedling Pear . . 251 15. Columbia Virgoulouse Pear . . 252 16. King Edward's Pear . . . 254 17. Althorp Crassane Pear . . .256 18. Beurr6 d'Aremberg Pear . . .258 Fi?. Parre. 19. Glout Morceau Pear . . 260 29. Citron des Carmes Pear . . . .362 30. Jargonelle Pear .... 364 31. Bloodgood Pear .... 366 32. Summer Franc B.in\ Pear . . 368 33. Beurr6 d'.\malis Pear . . . 369 .34. Gushing Pear . ... . .371 35. Smith's Orleans Plum . . .412 INSECTS. 20. Curculio of the Natural size . . 282 21. Curculio in the act of making the in- cision onihe Fruit .... 282 22. Plums showing tlie incision of the Curculio near the apex . . .283 23. Plums showing the incision near the base 283 24. Plums showing the Grub eating williin 284 25. Larva" of the Cur«ulio, natural size 284 26. Curculio in the pupa stage, magni- fied 284 27. The Curculio in the shapes which it assumes when shook from the tree 286 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 193 332 J. C. J. L.R. 167 192 Keurick, Wm. . . . 12.50.274 Longworth, N 35. 68 Mackenzie, P 149 M. T. 37. 79. 119. 159. 199. 239. 279. 319, 359. 399. 439. Paulsen, J. W 145 Pierce, Josh 150 R 29. 350 Russell, John Lewis, A. M. . . . 140 Ryan, Chas. J 350 Sincere Lovers of the Sweet and Beau- tiful 352 Skinner, J. S. . 19. 28. 166. 321. 413 Teschemacher, J. E 168 Tuckerman, Edward, Jr. . . .142 Valk, Wm. W 350 W A Fruit Grower An Amateur . A ^ubscrilier . Alien, Thomas Hiivii.-, J. H. . H.icli.T, Rev. II. W. Kiiriifti, Dr. Joel . Camak, James Downing, A. J. 235. 300 Editor 1. 28. 41. 52. 70. 86. 96. 100. 117.121. 132. 152. 161. 168. 181. 187. 191.201. 205. 2.35. 242. 219. 268. 275. 291. 302. 329. 330. 350. .353. 361. 379. 401. 415. 422. Elliott, C. W. Ernst, A. H 24. 51. Gnnnell, Dr. J Hancock, T. . Halrh, N. W. H. W. . Ward, Dr. M. W. C. W. X. . . 459 . 29 . 150 231. 345 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE JANUARY, 1843. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Art. I. A Retrospective Vieio of the Progress of Horticul- ture in the United States, dwnng- the year 1842. By the Editor. No better evidence of the coutmned advancement of hor- ticukure need be given, than the superior productions which have been displayed at the several horticultural exhibitions which have been held in different portions of the country the past year, an account of the principal of which will be found in our last number, completing the eighth volume of the Magazine. A single glance at the number and charac- ter of these exhibitions — the great variety of plants and flowers — the still greater abundance of fine fruits — and tie increased quantity of superior vegetables, exhibited, com- pared with those exhibited four or five years since, will convince any one that the interest in gardening pursuits has no way diminished; but, on the contrary, renewed zeal and activity, in the cause of cultivation, appear to have pervaded all classes of society. The later improvements in gardening have been accom- plished more silently than those of previous years, when tlie importation of a new variety of fruit, the introduction of a choice plant, or more particularly, when the erection of a conservatory, a greenhouse, or a grapery, were novel- ties so unusual that the building of one. of the smallest di- mensions, was attended with a notoriety which the largest and loftiest structure would now scarcely command. Thus, while the taste for gardening has become more general, ex- tending to every portion of the country, individual efforts, even when conceived on an extended scale and attended VOL. IX. NO. I. 1 2 Retrospective View of the in their execution with the outlay of large sums of money, are almost unnoticed amid the general desire which prevails among men of taste for garden structures of a superior construction, and for country residences of a more highly picturesque and architectural character. Horticulture, as a science, is yearly acquiring a more elevated rank. It is not now the mere routine of planting, grafting, propagating, forcing, and the dry detail of simple garden operations; it aims rather at a physiological inquiry into the structure, habits and character of vegetation, — de- duces practices from known and simple laws of nature, — traces eflects to their remote cause, — establishes principles upon which all improvements in vegetation can be effected, — opening to the intelligent cultivator new sources of enjoy- ment, from which, by observation and study, he may suc- cessfully till the earth and reap a rich reward for his labors. A reference to the past season may not be unimportant ; compared with that of 1811, the temperature was entirely different; the winter months of January, February and March, were unusually mild ; scarcely any snow fell dur- ing that time, and the ground was so open early in March that ploughing could be commenced, and in some warm situations peas were planted. April and May were pleas- ant months, highly favorable for planting early crops. June, however, set in cold, with dull weather and several heavy rains, which gave a severe check to vegetation ; the whole of the month was unusually cool, and vegetation came on very slowly. July was pleasant, however, with occasional refreshing showers, which gave renewed vigor to the crops. August and September were cool again, with an abundance of rain, which much injured stone fruit; from the 10th to the 22d of September, large quantities of rain fell; after that it cleared up, and the whole of October and part of November were the fmest fall months we ever experienced; a cloudless sky, and a genial temperature, continued throughout. The first frost occurred on the 30th of Sep- tember, but it was not severe enough to do any material injury, until about the 15th of October, at which time the corn was cut olf. About the 20th of November cold weath- er commenced, and up to this time (Dec. 10th), it has con- tinued quite cool, with several squalls of snow and rain. The ground is closed with frost, and there does not appear much prospect of its being open again till spring. Progress of Horticulture for IS 42. 3 Crops of most kinds have been abundant ; the only ex- ceptions are vines of all sorts ; cucumbers and melons were quite scarce, and but a very limited crop was raised in comparison with other years. Apples were a very abun- dant crop ; peaches were not so plentiful in New England as in the previous season, though there was a good crop. In New Jersey they were not cut off the same as in 1841. The plum crop was very heavy ; but the severe rains of August and September rotted at least half of them. The season for pears was not so favorable, for those of superior quality, as the warmer summer of 1841, but specimens were large and handsome. A reference to our reports of the market will give information by which a comparison of the crops of this and previous years may be estimated. Our subjects will be arranged under the same heads as heretofore, viz : Horticulture, Floriculture, Landscape Gar- dening, Rural Architecture, Commercial Gardens, and Garden Literature. Horticulture. The many excellent articles upon the growth of fruits in the past volume, will leave us less to say on this subject. With the increasing interest which is now manifested in the cultivation of choice fruits, we have endeavored to keep our readers informed of every thing worthy of their notice. Ever since the introduction of Dr. Van Mons's new pears, by the late Mr. Manning of Salem, there has been a great desire felt to possess the best sorts of this fine fruit. Mr. Manning fruited a great number of the varieties he re- ceived, and a few of them have proved particularly good. Mr. Manning's article, describing several of the most excel- lent, will be found at p. 56, (Vol. VHI.) to which we refer the amateur cultivator. A great number of fine pears, ac- cording to foreign writers, yet remain to be introduced ; and in order to enable those who are interested to procure them, and test their merits, we have included the names under our pomological notices for the year (Vol. VHI, p. 161). Mr. Manning's notice of 44 kinds of cherries, fruited and proved in his garden, at Salem, the past year, which was probably the last communication he ever wrote, is a very valuable article. It is a complete synopsis of nearly all the cherries in cultivation. 4 Retrospcclh'c Vieio of the An important subject, and one that is not yet satisfacto- rily settled, which has been treated upon in our last vol- ume, is the sterile and fertile character of several of the larger kinds of strawberries. A reference to the several communications can only be made to show the views of the several writers. Mnch information, however, has been elicited, and their publication has been attended with the happiest results. To the grape cultivator wc cannot too highly recommend the article by Mr. Johnson, of Lynn. We view it as a most excellent paper for the amateur, who is his own gardener. If the diary of the temperature kept up during the progress of the vine is carefully followed, there need be but little fear of success. No subject has attracted more attention among English cultivators, during the last year or two, than that gf root- pruning trees. And in order to convey to our readers the best information in relation to the practice, we presented at length the views of Mr. Rivers, who has been so successful in his practice, at page 210 of onr last volume. Much has been written in relation to root-pruning in the gardening periodicals of last year ; but Mr. llivers's article covers the whole ground, and leaves nothing to be desired, to enable an intetligent gardener to adopt his method with complete success. We have, in our prefatory remarks upon his pamphlet, alluded to the value of tliis system of practice to the possessors of small gardens, as it will enable them to pro- duce 100 kinds of fruits, when they now have only 10 or 15 trees. The destruction of insects injurious to vegetation, is year- ly receiving more attention. Jn our last volume, two com- munications will be found, detailing a method by which the canker-worm is destroyed with case and certainty, and at slight expense : and we would recommend a trial of this method by all who have trees infested by this voracious insect. The rose slug is eflectually subdued by the appli- cation of whale-oil soap, and the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society have awarded Mr. Haggeston their premium for his valuable discovery. That pest of the plum tree, the curculio, yet continues his ravages; no remedy has yet been discovered to effect his destruction with any certainty. Destroying every plum which falls from the tree, as recom- mended by Mr. Downing, in his article on the Columbia plum (Vol. VIII. p. 90), he believes to be effectual if con- Protyress of Horticnlture for 1842. 5 stantly practised, though it must be confessed it would be a tedious method in a large orchard of this fruit ; but in small gardens it is easily done. Until some more expedi- tious plan is devised, we would urge the necessity of adopt- ing this plan. Of the new fruits which are attracting attention, we may name the Dunmore, Knight's Monarch, Suffolk Thorn, Van Mons' Leon Le Clerc, Dundas and Boucquia pears ; Myatt's British Queen and Prince Albert, and Barratt's Emperor strawberries, are highly recommended. The prairie strawberry, mentioned by our correspondent, Mr. Longworth, at p. 405 of the last volume, is worthy of the attention of cultivators of the strawberry. By judicious impregnation with the large kinds, now generally grown, still larger and superior sorts may be obtained. Other new or recently introduced fruits, some of which are of native origin, will be found noticed at pages 161 and 249 of the eighth volume. "Under this head it was our intention to revert to the sub- ject of manures, which has been agitating the public mind to much extent in England ; a great number of artificial manures have been manufactured, but of their relative merits, with the exception of guano, compared with stable manure and compost, we are not yet sufficiently informed to offer any definite and conclusive opinions. In the pres- ent volume we shall take the opportunity to say more upon this subject, and offer the substance of what has been pub- lished in the English magazines. In the vegetable department, we have only room to refer to the reports of the various horticultural exhibitions for 1842, as given in our December number. Floriculture. A few years since the principal plants sought after, by the amateur florist, were the camellia, the Cacti, the rho- dendron, and the pelargonium ; but these now seem to be somewhat neglected, and the taste of cultivators turned to roses, fuschias, verbenas, azaleas, and some few other tribes. The immense number of the varieties of these, which have been produced from seed within a short period, has given an entirely new feature to their claim upon our care. The rose has always been a favorite and popular flower ; but the new races which have sprung up by hy- 6 Retrospective View of the bridization, are of so brilliant a character that they have changed their whole appearance. The Bonrbons, and the liybrids between them and the hardier sorts, as well as be- tween the Bengal and Noisette roses, are so splendid, and mostly such perpetual flowerers, that roses in autumn are now almost as common as in June. Thousands of seed- lings are yearly raised by eminent French rose cultivators, from which a few of the best are selected and propagated for sale, and the remainder destroyed. The Bengal, Tea and Noisette roses are admirably adapted for turning out into the border daring summer. While speaking of roses, we should not forget to name the new and splendid acquisition which has been made to the class of climbing roses. This is the Queen of the prai- ries, a large, double, and beautiful rose, flowering in July, after the common roses have completed their bloom. A de- scription of it will be found in our last volume, p. 131. The pelargonium, though cultivated to some extent, and withal a most supeib ornament of the greenhouse, is not so great a favorite as we should be glad to see it. The im- provements which have been eflected in the form of the flower, and shape of petal, have entirely changed its char- acter. Some of the most rare new kinds have been import- ed, but many of them are too near alike to deserve dis- tinct names. Mr. Meller, of Roxbury, has raised a few seedlings which will compare successfully with many of the choicest foreign varieties which have yet been intro- duced. We have already alluded to the new manure which has been so highly spoken of in England, for gardening purpo- ses, in our review of Mr. Teschemacher's address (Vol. Vlll., p. 41S). We have copied the several experiments which he made with the guano, and refer to the extracts for more particular information. Some of this manure, we believe, will be imported to this city the coming season, when cultivators will have a good opportunity to test its merits themselves. We have no doubt it may be used with the best efiect on many kinds of plants; but, as a general thing, we apprehend that it will be found more valuable to garden, than to pot, cultivation. There is one flower which, upon a review of the past year, does not seem to have received due attention at the hands of the florist ; this is the pansy. Either from the Progress of Horticulture for 1S42. 7 want of a judicious mode of management, or from the im- possibility of procuring choice seed, there does not appear to have been but a few kinds ever grown in this country, which are worthy of extensive cultivation. In England it is now a chosen favorite ; and beautiful varieties are annu- ally produced. It is a prominent flower at all the exhibi- tions, and great numbers of prizes are annually awarded for the best collections. The Fuchsia, from the great splendor, profuse blooming, and easy cultivation of the new hybrid varieties, is be- coming a great favorite with amateur cultivators. More than thirty kinds are now advertised by some of the Lon- don florists. At the exhibitions of the London Horticultu- ral Society, of the past year, they were prominent objects of admiration. Our cultivators do not yet appear to have im- bibed the same zeal for this flne tribe : but we trust we shall not have the opportunity to say this on the return of an- other year. We would direct the attention of amateurs to the propriety of raising seedlings by cross-impregnation of the lYilgens, globosa, corymbiflora, Standishu', and others. An important addition has been, or ultimately will be, made to our collections by the labors of the exploring expe- dition. The number of live plants brought home amounts to between 200 and 300 species, among tliem several new fruit trees from the East Indies. The collection of seeds embraces many hundred kinds, from all the various places where the exploring expedition touched ; among them many of the ericas, from the Cape of Good Hope, and the splendid Pinus Lambertidwf, and others, from ihe Columbia River. The seeds were placed under the direction of the National Institute at Washington, and have been liberally distributed by Dr. Pickering, the curator. For the growth of *the live plants a greenhouse, 50 feet long, has been erect- ed on the vacant ground in the rear of the patent oflice. Part of this is partitioned off, as a stove or hothouse, for the tropical plants and fruits. These, when increased, will probably be distributed among the nurserymen of the coun- try. The whole of the plants are under the charge of our correspondent, Mr. Breckenridge, from whom we hope to receive a list of their names, as well as some extracts from his original notes and remarks on the many beautiful and grand productions of Flora, examined by him in their native habitats. This the government will not now alloAv him to 8 Retrospective Vieio of the do ; but as soon as the injunction is removed, we may prom- ise our readers some interesting articles from Mr. Brecken- ridge"s pen. It will be nnnecessary to recapitulate all the new plants which have been noticed in our last volume, worthy of in- troduction. These will be found by reference to our flori- cultural notices. But we cannot omit to name those beau- tiful annuals, Brachycome /beridiflora, and /mpaticns Can- dida, and rosea ; the splendid greenhouse plants, Achi- menes longillora, rosea and pcdunculuta ; Triptllion spino- sum, a frame perennial ; Pharbatis Leuri/, a beautiful green- house climber ; Leschcnault/abiloba, and /Salvia regla, fine greenhouse j)lants ; Azalea alta clerensis, a hardy shrub. These, in addition to the fuchsias, are a few which we could wish to see in all choice collections of plants. We might also name the new seedling chrysanthemus, as ele- gant additions to this family of fall flowering plants. Landscape Gardening. The only article in our last volume relating to this sub- ject was by our correspondent, Mr. Downing, upon the proper method of planting belts of trees, pointing out the defects of the style generally adopted. The article should be read by all who wish to make new plantations, or im- prove such as are already grown np. But notwithstanding we have not treated upon landscape gardening, to mnch extent, there is yet a growing desire for plantations, either of the gardenesque or picturesque character, extending among amateur cultivators and gentlemen of taste ; and the desire for trees has continued to increase so that the de- mand for the newer and rarer sorts is fully equivalent to the stock. Nurserymen, aware of this drain upon them, are makmg better exertions to add every new hardy tree and shrub to their collections ; there are yet many trees and shrubs which we hope to see speedily introduced, that would be beautiful additions to our gardens and grounds. Among them we may name the many weeping trees, few of which, except the willow and cherry, are to be seen in our gardens. The method now adopted in England, of growing weeping trees, is to graft them as standards, and plant them singly on lawns, where their gracefully depending branches have a beautiful and highly ornamental appearance. Progress of Horticulture for 1842. 9 We can only lament the meagre list of trees which con- stitute the whole number generally planted. A dozen or two forest trees, and the same number of shrubs, appear to embrace a larger part of such as are found even on the extensive grounds of gentlemen of taste and wealth ; but the fault is not theirs ; it lies with the nurserymen ; and unless they are continually striving to secure all the new trees that are yearly introduced, they cannot expect to have a demand for such novelties. In our present volume we shall make an attempt to describe familiarly a number of the finest trees, shrubs and evergreens, remarkable either for their foliage, flowers or fruit, suitable for planting villa residences. Mr. Downing, in his Treatise on Land- scape Gardening, has described several trees, but the list does not include but a portion of such as are adapted to the purpose. The introduction of the Deodar cedar, the Garrya elip- tica, and the Paulownfa imperialis, must be looked upon as placing within our reach some of the most splendid produc- tions of the vegetable world. Rural Architecture. Rural architecture, within a year or two, has attracted much attention, and there is a very perceptible change in the style of many of the villa residences recently erected. Mr. Downing's work on Cottage Residences^ reviewed in our last volume, page 414, will do much to aid in the discrim- ination of a taste for building. It is as easy to adopt some fixed style in the erection of a house, so as to have it form a harmonious whole, as to make it an assemblage of incon- gruous parts. A slight expense incurred in securing the ai4 of a good architect, is all that will be necessary to in- sure those proportions which are essential to render a build- ing beautiful throughout. In the vicinity of Boston several handsome cottages have been erected the past year, and at a future time we shall endeavor to give engravings of such as we consider good models for building. Commercial Gardens. After the very general notice of gardens and gardening, which we gave in the early part of the last volume, being the results of our tour as far south as Washington, little will be left for us to say on this head. Few or no new VOL. IX. NO. L 2 10 Retrospective View of the nurseries of any extent have been commenced since lasi year, but many improvements have been effected in some of the older ones. In our next number we shall offer a few notes taken in October last while on a short tour to New York, when we visited a few of the nurseries in that vicinity. The pomological garden of our late lamented friend and correspondent, Mr. Manning, will be continued by his two sons, both quite young men, but we believe feeling much interested in gardening, and instructed by their father in the cultivation of trees. This fine collection, therefore, which embraces upwards of 800 varieties of pears alone, will be kept up; and as Mr. Manning had all the trees care- fully re-labelled just before his death, scions of all the sorts may be procured true to name. The task was no light one ; and, though enfeebled in body, Mr. Manning seemed to feel it a duty he owed to the science of pomolo- gy, to accomplish the object, that the results of his labors for nearly quarter of a century, spent in proving fruits, should not be ultimately lost. In a letter to us, written a short time previous to his death, he congratulated himself on having marked all his trees, so that scions could be cut true to name of every variety he possessed. From the pomological garden upwards of 120 varieties of pears were sent for exhibition, at the Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety, the past fall. The recently established nursery of Messrs. Hovey & Co., at Cambridge, is now stocked with a collection of pears, apples, cherries, peaches, (fcc, including a large part of Mr. Manning's fine kinds, and the best selections from the nurseries of England and France. The new conserva- tory is now filled with a superb collection of camellias, and more than a thousand flowers will be in bloom the coming month. In addition to these, a collection of Ben- gal, Tea, Noisette and Bourbon roses has been added, of upwards of 200 varieties. Messrs. A. J. Downing & Co., our correspondents, of Newburgh, N. Y., have lately issued an excellent C'a^a/oo-?^e of fruit trees, ornamental trees, &c. The fruits are all de- scribed after the manner of the London Horticultural Soci- ety's Catalogue. The descriptions are made, generally, from fruits obtained from specimen trees which fruited at their nursery. Their collection of shrubs, particularly of the magnolias and rarer trees, is very good. Progress of Horticulture for 1842. 11 The nurseries of Parsons & Co., and Wilcomb & King, of Flushing, will be noticed in another nvimber. Their grounds are well selected for nursery purposes, and the stock of trees very good. W. R. Prince has, since the de- cease of his father, continued the nurseries under his own name. Mr. Winter is making improvements in his nursery, which nearly adjoins that of Mr. Prince. Our correspondent, Mr. Allen, of Virginia, promised to send us some account of the state of gardening in that neighborhood, but we have not received it in time for this paper. For the state of the nurseries in the west, we must refer to the remarks of our correspondent, Mr. C. W. Elliot, in our last volume, p. 425. There is one important thing which we wish to call to the minds of nurserymen. This is the naming of trees in a legible manner, and fastening the label to the tree so that it may not be easily pulled off. We have known of an in- stance where the name of a variety could not be ascer- tained, either from carelessness in writing, or writing on a label not properly painted. In whatever way nurserymen may mark their trees, let it be in a plain style, which shall not be unreadable ; and let the label be attached by a coji- per wire, and not by a string, so that the purchaser, in case he should forget to add a new label at the time of planting out, may not be disappointed when, in a month or two af- terwards, he looks for the name, to find it missing. Neat labels, painted with white lead and marked with a good lead pencil, and fastened with a copper wire, will last three or four years. Garden Literature. With the exception of Mr. Downing's Cottage Residen- ces and Gray's Botanical Text Book, no work of note has been published during the year. A little volume called the Muck Manual, somewhat useful to farmers, has been pub- lished at Lowell. New editions, however, of Liebig^s Or- ganic Chemistry, and the Farmer's Comjianion, have ap- peared, and a reprint o{ Johnson's Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry and Geology. The fourth number of the Or- chardisfs CoTnjmnion, of which we reviewed the three first at p. 144 of our last volume, has appeared, completing ihe first year and volume of its publication. A new number is 12 Notes 071 Engkuid and France. expected to appear in April. Mr. Biiis is now the editor of the work. Some change has taken place in the princi- pal agricultural periodicals. Mr. Ruffin has retired from the editorial chair of the Farmers Register., and our cor- respondent, ^Ir. T. S. Pleasants, has taken his place. We cannot let the opportunity pass to record our regret that so able a writer as Mr. Ruffin should be induced to retire from the charge of the Register. No individual has done more to disseminate practical information among the agricultu- rists of the south, or to elevate tlie profession of the farmer. The Cultivator continues to appear with its accustomed ex- cellence, stored with the most valuable information. The New Genesee Farmer is to be enlarged, and Mr. Colman retires from the editorial chair, but will continue a corres- pondent of the paper while engaged in his agricultural tour in Europe. Art. II. Notes on England and France^ during two sev- eral visits to those countries in tlie 7/ert/-5 1S40, 1841 and 1842 : with some remarks on their buildings and horticid- ture, and on rural affairs., ^'c. By William Kenuick, Nonantum Hill, Newton. Liverpool, which I visited for the first time in December last, is in lat. .53° 27' north ; and, being near the northwest- ern coast, is deemed a very cold part of England. The sun rose at that time and place at half-past 8 o'clock, and remained above the horizon only seven hours, its greatest elevation being but thirteen degrees at noon. From these causes vegetation is neitlier so rapid, nor is its growth so prolonged, at that place, as in the more southern and inland counties, and in the vicinity of London. The gardens and nursery grounds of some of the most distinguished cultiva- tors, are protected from cold winds by numerous sub-divi- sions of hedges, which screen them from the cold, thus essentially promoting the growth of various tender plants. These hedges being trained very close and flat, occupy but little space. They consist sometimes of the beech, which retains its leaves and protecting power for a long time Notes on England and France. 13 when dry, and till late in winter ; or the Sorbus hyhridiis^ or silver-leaved mountain ash, being very handsome, and well furnished with branches, is also sometimes used ; evergreen privet being at times combined with this, or with the beech, to render the bottom more impervious and secure. The country of England, through which I passed, was generally sub-divided by hedges ; it seemed a rolling coun- try, with but few stones. These hedges being planted on the edge of a dry ditch, are seldom pruned ; thus managed, they occupy much ground ; yet though they have frequent breaches, or weak parts, they seem to answer as an effect- ual fence to the well-trained English cattle ; but I doubt whether they would answer for ours, accustomed as ours usually are, at an early age, to roam in the imderbrush and woods. The only perfect and properly trained hedges which I have ever seen, are those pruned in pyramidal form ; thus pruned, and thus only, they retain their branches to the ground, becomhig impervious to their base. Between London and Portsmouth are immense tracts of low, barren lands, black and boggy, or wet, producing only the heath, or other useless herbage, and extending in some places as far as the eye can reach. From Wimbledon Com- mon to Salisbury Plain, and for many miles further south, I think I must have seen full 50,000 acres of barren or de- serted lands, which I am persuaded might, with skill, be reclaimed. In some parts the soil appeared shallow, resting on chalk, or calcareous rocks. In all those countries, and also in the north of France, and especially in the vicinity or suburbs of the cities of London and Paris, vegetation commences earlier than with us ; and it appeared to me that their fruits, their trees, and most other vegetable productions, generally made much greater growth during the whole season than is usual with us. This I ascribe not to any natural superiority of soil, or of climate, — ours being evidently far superior to theirs, — but to the general system of higher cultivation, and of deep tillage, which they pursue. By this system the roots strike downwards deep into the soil, from whence alone they are able to draw continual sources of nourishment in times of drought. Yet from the comparative obscurity of their atmosphere, and other causes, these droughts are, as I understand, not near so frequent or so scorching as with us. Throughout those fertile districts of England and of 14 Notes on England and France. France, through which I traversed, oxen were never used ; at least I never saw but one working ox, and that ox .in harness, toiling with horses. About the cities of London and Paris donkics are much used ; a hardy, patient, and eminently useful race, inasmuch as they are long lived, and will subsist on very ordinary fare. The heavy dray-horses of London, which are employed almost exclusively in the transportation of porter, are of Flemish origin and of pro- digious size. It is stated that the best-trained farm and cart-horses of the English, are never allowed to mn, but are taught only to walk at the quick step. These horses are generally large and fine, and infinitely more useful than the English race-horse. Whether the team consists of two or more horses, the plowman manages both his plow and his well-trained horses alone ; two horses working abreast, no other driver being ever required. The horses of Normandy, or those which carry the dili- gence between Havre and Paris, are stout and strong, and compactly built, and evidently of that same hardy lareed which we here call French^ or Canadian horses., and which, without doubt, were originally brought from this same coun- try into Canada, by the original emigrants from Normandy. Tiiese horses are large ; owing to a colder climate, those of Canada being evidently of diminished size. The lands in the vicinity of Paris, and, as I believe, throughout most of that country, are seldom enclosed. In that country, and in the suburbs of that city, flocks of sheep are occasionally seen feeding in the open fields, guarded and attended only by the shepherd-dog, who marches around the flock in a circle continually, and the sheep that attempts to stray is quickly arrested and brought back to the fold. At the great rail-road depots, or stations in England, the car-houses are never built of wood, but of iron incombusti- ble, with roofs of sheet-iron, or of slate ; walls of stone or brick. Pillars of hollow cast-iron support the superstruc- ture, the plates, purlines and rafters, being of the precise form of the edge rail, which is used on our rail-roads ; round rods of iron serve as ties, or stays ; similar rods also serve as cross-beams to connect the plates on which the rafters rest. These connecting rods are elevated in the centre, to allow greater head-room and space above, — the slates being secured, resting on narrow strips of iron, which arc laid horizontally at intervals across the rafters. Notes 071 England cmd France. 15 The houses and pubUc buildings are almost universally built of stone, or of brick, and covered with slate or tile ; except only the cottages and out-buildings, in some partic- ular sections of the country, are sometimes covered with thatch, to the thickness of a foot ; this thatch being com- posed of straw, and an otherwise useless wild grass, called ling. Timber, in those countries, being comparatively scarce, shingles of wood seem never to be used, or to be quite unknown. The straw-thatched roof seldom or never takes fire in that moist climate. A new article for roofs has been lately introduced, consisting of large sheets of felt, formed of the coarsest wool, or of woollen rags ; these, being saturated or dipped in asphaltum, are said to be both dura- ble and cheap. The walls of large public buildings are strengthened at frequent intervals, and at all outward an- gles, by strong projecting abutments, or upheld by other effectual modes ; many of the churches being built in form of a cross, — the walls of large churches or cathedrals being strengthened by ranges of massive columns within : these being strongly connected with the side walls at top, serve not only to support the roof, but to keep also the walls in place. Still more durable structures are the large and an- cient abbeys. These, so far as I have seen, are built of extraordinary strength, with compound or double side walls ; these parallel or double walls being firmly united by numerous transverse and massive partitions, or strong sub-dividing walls, a range of numerous small compart- ments, or cells, or cloisters, being thus formed within the walls. Such were the sanctuaries or abodes of the monks of former days. The stone whicli is principally used in London, is a spe- cies of sandstone, soft at first, and easy to extract from the quarry, and to work ; and on these accounts even far more extensively useful than harder granite. The high chalky cliffs which bound the British channel on both sides, appear to be but a variety of this same sandstone. From Havre to Paris, and on both sides of the river Seine, a good por- tion of the country appears to be underlaid with this same stone — a considerable portion of Paris being built up from stones obtained from vast quarries, or subterraneous cav- erns, which have been formed beneath the city itself; the openings of these caverns being now principally closed, by order of government. In the suburbs, and particularly on 10 Notes on England and France. the side of Yitry and Vincennes, luimerous and new open- ings are to be seen in the midst of the fertile fields, through which the stones are drawn upwards by a great wheel, 30 feet in diameter, from the vast caverns beneath, pillars be- ing left at intervals to sustain the superincumbent weight. At some other places, as at the hill of St. Cloud, on the road to Versailles, these caverns are entered horizontally, and near the base of the hills. The streets of these two great cities are paved generally with stones, of a cubical, but never of a round form. In the latter city, especially, as- phaltum being cheap, is already much used for side-walks. In a former communication I have stated that the fruit- bearing specimen trees, in the garden of the London Horti- cultural Society, were generally planted in close order, or but six or eight feet asunder, in the row. and encouraged to branch low. A portion of the pear trees, having been trained in the quenouille or pyramidal form, by bending downwards the young shoots at midsummer, and thus con- fined for a season, they retain their position forever after unchanged. In some instances, their lower limbs, being loaded with fruit, were found lying on the ground. Such was the case, as particularly witnessed with those new kinds, the Dunmore and Rouselench, of Mr. Knight, both of which have so lately proved in that garden to be among the number of the most productive and valuable of all fruits. At the Garden of Plants at Paris, the trees of the pear being preserved in perfect quenouille or pyramidal form by the most scientific operations of spur-pruning during mid- summer, arc thus rendered abundantly productive to the ground. The same system is perfectly understood and practised by some of the most distinguished cultivators of Vitry. In several parts of England, and particularly at Vitry and other parts of France, the business of the nurseryman descends from father to son, and from generation to gene- ration ; and, by careful and long-continued observation, the intelligent nurseryman is enabled to know and to iden- tify with accuracy his fruit trees of many species, in most of their kinds and varieties, by sight, and by inspection of the tree and its leaf, or even in many cases by the tree alone audits wood during winter. By certain features and indications they arc known, and by signs even more inva- Notes oil England and France. 17 liable and infallible than by the mere inspection and exami- nation of the fruit, liable as is the fruit to vary in quality and appearance, in dilferent expositions and soils. Or, as the pastor, or good shepherd, knows, and is fully able to recognize, by their varied features, each and every indivi- dual of his own flock. 1st. they are distinguished by the general form of the tree, some growing tall and handsome, the shoots rising vertically or upright, in others horizontal or straggling, or pendulous. 2d, by the growth of the young wood, which in some is very strong or stout, in oth- ers slender and feeble ; — by the form and position of the eyes ; — by the color of the young wood, which varies from dark brown or black to yellow or deep red ; — by the color of the blossoms, which vary from dark red to white ; — or by the color of the leaf, and also by its peculiar character and fomi. Of the fruits the most approved, and of the more recent introduction, the following kinds appear from the best in- formation I was enabled to obtain, to stand preeminent. Of Grapes, the Canon-Hall Muscat ; New Siceet Water ; Wilmofs Neiv Early Muscat ; Wibnofs New Black Ham- burg; this last being remarkably distinct in its appearance, and larger than the Black Hamburg, more singular and beautiful ; yet not indeed deemed superior in regard to flavor to that celebrated variety. From Mr. Ronald, who from his position and opportunities, ought certainly to know, I have understood distinctly, that this kind is iden- tical with the new and celebrated " Victoria." Black Champion is another kind, recommended by Mr. Gray the younger, who so very lately deceased, as i\e\Y and much superior to Black Hamburg, being both a larger berry and of higher flavor, and an excellent bearer. Of Pears, very lately proved by Mr. Thompson at the Garden of the London Horticultural Society, the Van Mons Leon le Clerc, as he stated to me very recently, is believed to be the best pear in the world, uncommon size, beauty, flavor, and all things considered. The Benrre Base, and the Louise Bonne de Jersey^ as there lately proved, have 7nore than rivalled the Marie Louise as most valuable and productive and profitable kinds. The last named, particularly, has proved with us a prodigious bearer, and is in very high repute at Paris ; it is there called VOL. IX. NO. I. 3 18 Notes on Eiiglaiid and Prmicc. the Louise Bonne d^ Av7'anches, as it is stated by them to have originated either at Avranches or at Cherbourg. The IJuchesse d' Orleans is another new kind, of a beau- tiful golden russet color, which is very highly spoken of in Normandy. Of the later trials, or of 1841, as Mr. Thomp- son informed me, the following other kinds have been there approved, as beingof very distinguished merit, and as high- ly deserving of extensive circulation. Thompson Fear, a new Flemish fruit ; Althnrpe Crassane of Knight, Hacon's Incomparable; and the Dunmore, also of Mr. Knight. — This last is large and of most excellent quality, a prodi- gious bearer, and ripens between those two main and most profitable and established varieties, the Williams Bon Chre- tien and Marie Louise; or it ripens a little before the last named. From this cause, the genuine trees of the Dun- more, as I am informed, are now sold by some as high as half a guinea each. Rousclencli is another new kind, ori- ginated by Mr. Knight, and lately proved to be eminently valuable. All Mr. Knight's new kinds prove great bearers generally, according to Mr. Thompson. Of new ornamental or useful productions, I will here speak particularly only of two distinct species of trees — namely, the Deodara and the Paidoioiia. The Paulownia imperidlis is ^-et exceeding rare. It is of a growth so rapid that, in a highly fertile soil, it is stated to have grown to the height of twelve feet in a single season. The leaves are of unusual size. The tree which bloomed for the first time in the Garden of Plants at Paris, in open culture, and in the beginning of May last, is stated to have produced flowers like the splendid G/o:i-«n'a cmridea. The Deoda?-a, Cedrus Deodara, or Pinus Deodara, or Holy Cedar of the Moun- tains, is a new tree from the elevated mountains of India, otherwise termed the God Tree, so called because certain nations of those countries worship beneath its shade. The Deodara is an evergreen tree with leaves like the larch. The trunk grows tall and upright, the branches horizontal or pendulous. At Liverpool I first saw the tree, in December 1841, and perfectly hardy in that cold but moist climate. By topping, it was there made to as- sume the form of the weeping willow. Altogether, it is a most rare, useful and splendid tree. In a late number of the Gardener'' s Chronicle, a most valuable journal which is edit- ed in London by Dr. Lindley, he therestates that the Deodara Soil and Climate of Washington. 19 '•is as hardy and fast growing as the larch, more valuable in its timber, and with the evergreen beauty of the cedar of Lebanon. Of all the trees of British India, this is in- comparably the most important to England. It has every good quality and no bad one." Thus speaks Dr. Lindley ; and from his preeminent botanical knowledge, and from the position which he occupies, no one in that country ought to be a better judge. Other new hardy and beautiful trees are — the ^S'orbus hybridas, or silver leaved mountain Ash, the Garrya elip- tica, and some others wiiich I might name ; but none com- paratively appear to be worthy such distinguished notice as those which are above described. W. K. Nonanium Hill, Newton, Nov. 1842. Art. III. Observations on the favoi^ahleness to Horticulture of the soil and climate of Washington, District of Co- lumbia, u-ith some remarks upon the Cidtivation of the Peach. By J. S. S., Post Office Department. In a brief newspaper account of the late "Horticultural Exhibition" at Boston, which has fallen under my eye, it has been seen with surprise and admiration, that apples and pears are cultivated, in that vicinity, in greater variety than many people suppose to exist in all the world. How differ- ent are the tastes and habits of your people, in this respect, from those who reside soidh of the Chesapeake, where es- tates of five hundred, and even of a thousand, acres, exhibit no sign of any thing like systematic horticulture. Instead of one hundred and fifty-two varieties of pears, and ttcentij- six sorts oi apples, as presented by Mr. Manning, of Salem, it is by no means uncommon to find, in the south, large estates without a single choice pear or palatable apple on them. True, you may still see, on some of them, near the old family mansions, the stumps and decaying remnants of large old orchards ; and there too, you may trace the faint outlines of extensive gardens gone to utter ruin. 20 Soil and CUmate of WasJiaiglon. " Here eglantine embalmed the air. Hawthorn and hazel mingled there." Before the revolution^ and even after that epoch, our an- cestors continued, as it would seem by mere force of habit, io j)la lit iimi: but even that habit has died away, in the boasted '-march of intellect!" Very few now think of planting nnv thing, the fruit of which cannot be enjoyed in less than ten or fifteen years ; and tlic trees that arc plant- ed, are for the most part soon abandoned, as foundlings by their unnatural paroits, without care or culture, exposed to all the bull'etings and peltings of the pitiless storm, and other ills that trees, as well as flesh, are " heirs to."' We in the south will, perhaps, imitate the nice care and good management of fruit trees, and gardens, which pre- vail in New England, when estates here, as there, shall have been divided and sub-divided until they will bear it no longer ; and when, thus, there shall appear some pros- pect that the homestead, and the graves of the fathers, may descend to at least the lirst and second generation ; and when the patrimonial inheritance, being in like manner re- duced to some fifty or sixty acres, he who plants and nur- tures a fruit-bearing tree, shall know that it will confer on the farm a visible, distinct, and computable incrca.sc of its 2)roductive and saleable value. But it was not my design to write any thing like a dis- sertation opprobrious of this region of our country, for its almost universal neglect, except in the immediate vicinity of the cities, of fruit trees, grape vines, and vegetable and flower gardens : yet less did J tliink of attempting a philo- sophical inquiry into the political, domestic, or other causes of the remarkable difference in the habits of eastern and southern people on these points. I took my pen merely to vindicate our soil and climate from the injustice of ascribing to them any of the no-fruits, or the bad fruits, which grow either out of our peculiar institutions, or out of the im- provident, hand-to-mouth policy and habits of the large land-holders, south of Mason's and Dixon's line. Coxe, one of our earliest writers on fruit trees, assigns the Molunrk river., in New York, and the James river, in Virginia, as the limits, north and south, of that district of our country which may be said to produce the apple with that due degree of richness and flavor, which best fit it for '• the production of the flner liquor and table apples." Be. aSo?7 and Climate of Washington. 21 however, the hmits of the good apple-bearing region where they may, they undoubtedly embrace these ten miles square : and as for grajjes^ we have under this roof of the General Post Office, a gentleman, Mr. Caden, whose skill and suc- cess as a cultivator of the vine, it is high praise enough to say, are not far behiud his unsurpassed proficiency as a mathematician ! '• The trees said unto the vines, reign over us," and so said Mr. Caden' s house, for the vines cover it on all sides. He may be said literally to dwell under '• his own vine ;" and I much doubt, if all the truth could be known, if he might not sometimes say, as did Pharaoh's chief butler unto Joseph, " in my dream behold a vine was before me '" ! which, were I a Joseph, I would interpret to mean, that the President will appoint him to the chair of Mathematics in the National Institute. It would do your heart good, Mr. Editor, and certainly make your mouth water, as does that of many who look daily from the back windows of this great work-house on Mr. Caden's vines in full view, to see them as they grow over all parts of his buildings — the large bunches of Isa- bella and Catawba, in pink and purple clusters, weighty almost beyond bearing, and, like some other tempting things, plump, firm and juicy; and to all appearance ready and waiting for the press. Although " as yet the fig hath not brought forth," in the garden of my friend C, the nectarine has, and \\\q peach, in the highest flavor and perfection. From him I learned the art of budding, by the simplest process, a work with which he is as familiar as with every problem in Euclid, and vice versa ; and this knowledge of horticulture is practised, and all these sweet fruits of it are gathered, on a small lot of little more than 100 feet square ! What an example ! — full of instruction, if not of reproach, to your large land- holder, who boasts not a flower in his garden, a grape for his table, or pear, peach or plum, for mouth or market ! But Mr. Caden is not the only one that works in this hive, who worships at the shrine, and gathers the choicest fruits of Pomona. We have other votaries of horticulture, some of whose productions, as 1 have noticed in another communication, equal even those of the best cultivators around Boston, particularly apples. Among the number who should not be forgotten, I may name Mr. Tucker, of this city, and Dr. Bayne of Alexan- 22 Soil and Climate of Washington. dria, both excellent cultivators of peaches, strawberries, raspberries, grapes, &c. Their example ought to have an extensive and beneficial influence, especially when it is re- membered that their peaches commanded in the market $8 per bushel. This leads me to remark that Dr. Bayne, who is one of the most careful and successful horticulturists in this region of country, has lately written an excellent com- munication upon the transplanting and culture of the peach, and as his observations are valuable to all cultivators of this delicious fruit, I append them here, deeming them well worthy of record in your pages. They are as follows : — The first important step in the formation of an orcliard, is tlie selection of the situation and soil. In order to protect your fruit as much as possi- ble against the destructive influence of frosts in the spiing', it is advisable to select the most elevated position, and if possible with a northern aspect. The preferable soil for a peach orchard is a rich sandy loam, but this fruit will succeed in any soil, with proper attention to cultivation and manuring-; particular care, however, should be taken not to plant a new orchard on the site of an old one. Immediately on tiie arrival of your trees, I would recommend them to be unpacked, the roots to be well watered and covered with earth, in a trencli prepared for tliat purpose. This is a necessary precaution to take, it having been found by experience that the growth of the tree, the first year, depended very much on preserving its roots in moist state until planted. The holes which you design to receive your trees should be at least tliree feet in diameter, and two feet deep, observing to throw aside the eartli from the bottom, and substituting in its place vegetable mould, or decomposed manure, intimately incorporated with light earth. The trees are then to be placed in the holes, about two inches deeper than they originally stood in the nursery, witli the roots spread out horizontally. In the process of filling up, the trees should be shaken frequently, in order to fill all the vacancies between the roots. I would further remark, when- ever the soil is thin, and the sub-soil poor, clayey and tenacious, the tree should never be planted deep. The depth in planting should generally correspond with the depth of soil. The earth should next be finuly press- ed down around the tree, and if planted in the fall, brought up around the tree in tiie shape of a mound, so as to prevent the frosts from penetrating to the roots. These mounds must be removed in the spring, and a basin formed around each tree to retain the moisture. If the first season should prove very dry, occasional waterings will prevent many trees from perish- ing. To keep the trees from being agitatated by the winds, it will be necessary to secure each one to a stake by a band of straw. The proper season for the transplantation of trees, in this latitude, is from the fall of the leaf until the last of April. The autumnal months arc to be preferred, as you will tliereby obtain a much greater growth the ensuing year. Aflcr your trees have been planted, for the purpose of pro- moting their growth, it is essential that the ground should be thoroughly and frequently cultivated ; and in no instance pennit clover, or any de- scription of grass, to grow in your peach orchard. In addition to cultiva- Soil and Climate of Washington. 23 tion of the ground, to increase the size and quality of your fruit, com- mence Avhen the peaches are as large as small marbles and thin them out. This operation must be properly done, so that the fruit may be regularly distributed over the tree. I will also add, there are two causes v/hich operate against the success- ful cultivation of this tree. The one is a worm, which attacks the tree at or near the surface, and sometimes so completely encircles it as to cause its death. The other is a disease usually denominated the Yellows. The best plan to obviate the depredations of the worm, is to denude the tree of eartlr down as far as the roots, or as far as you perceive a gummy exudation, Avhich proceeds from the wounds on the tree inflicted by the worm. Lime or ashes then thrown around the tree will have a tendency to destroy the worm and prevent its subsequent attack. The Yellows may be discovered by the tree presenting a sickly yellow appearance, and a premature ripening of the fruit. As this disease is of a contagious char- acter, and rapid in its extension, the best method to stay its progress is the complete removal of the tree witli all its roots. In conclusion let me observe, that if the hundreds of gen- tlemen in the public offices here, could have about their dwellings small lots of half, or even quarter of an acre, and would generally, as some of them do, devote their afternoons to floriculture and horticulture, this district might excel yours in its annual exhibitions; but the truth is, that their employment has been so precarious, and their income so nicely adjusted to the most parsimonious scale of living, that they are bereft of that security and ease of mind that naturally seeks healthful recreation and amusement in the cultivation of fruits and flowers, and other innocent and useful pastimes. Tlie mind of the man full of anxiety for the morrow, knowing that the fever which disorders the brain, or the palsy that enervates the arm of the father, threatens starvation to wife and children, — such a mind, in such a mood, is not the soil congenial to the growth of fine tastes, or resolute and provident dispositions ; its more nat- ural offspring is recklessness — despair. For exactness in the performance of their prescribed du- ties, even without respect to prescribed hom-s ; and for the observ^ance of the moral and domestic virtues, it may be doubted if there be, in any country, a corps of public ser- vants so exemplary, take them as a corps, as the employees in tlie public offices in Vfashington, whose pay is at the same time so limited and so precarious. I can speak at least for this department, which, however, is admitted to be the dray-horse, doomed to " fetch and carry" for all the rest, where doubtless, however, the same diligence and in- telligence prevail. Respectfully, J. S. S. Washington, D. C, Oct'r, 1842. 24 The Stotie Pear. Art. I v. Sowe account of a nexD variety of Pear, called the Stone Pear ; irith a description and engraving of the fruit, its origin, history, t^'c. ; in a letter to the President of the Massachusetts Horticnhural Society. By A. H. Ernst, corresponding member, Cincinnati, Ohio. Last spring, sir, I did myself the plcasnre of forwarding to you, for the benefit of the society, some plants of the Ohio ever-bearing raspberry, with the general character of which you are already familiar : also some peach trees, of a new seedling freestone, of large size and fine flavor, juicy, and ripening in September, under the name of Gist's large freestone, the name of the gentleman in whose garden the original tree was produced in this city; with some pear trees, of a new seedling, and which 1 consider quite an ac- quisition to our already large and valuable list of varieties. How western fruits will sustain their character in your more rigorous latitude, I am unable to form an opinion. In conversation with Mr. R. Manning, of Salem, Mass., on this subject, he appeared to be fully confirmed in the belief that our western fruits so degenerate in the transfer, as to be unworthy of attention ; in which sentiment, (with due deference to his superior experience and judgment,) I do not concur. I think, however, the subject is worthy of a fair trial, if it has not already had one. The original tree of the pear above referred to, I believe, was destroyed some years since ; and I had never seen it in bearing until this summer, when one of my young trees produced a single fruit, a drawing of which you will find here annexed Cfig. l,/>.25) : and I regret to say that the fruit was not cut to test its quality until beyond its prime, so that the description, so far as regards its flesh and flavor, is quite imperfect. The value of this pear is, however, ma- terially lessened by its ripening at the same time with the Bartlett pear. Description. — The Stone pear, so called in honor of the gentleman in whose garden it originated, is a very fine and beautiful fruit; the size is large, the form resembling that of the orange Bergamot, rounding to the blossom end, which is slightly indented, and gradually diminishing to the stem, which is long, stout, and inserted on one side ; the skin, when ripe, becomes a bright yellow, with a bright red The Stone Pear. 25 cheek next the sun, beautifully intermixed with a yellow streak and specks ; the flesh is white, rather buttery, some- what melting, slightly astringent, ripening in August. The Stone Pear. This pear tree, in its habits, differs very much from any other tree in my nursery ; it is of rapid and strong growth, with a tendency to grow very tall, so much so as to become VOL. IX. NO. I. 4 26 The Si one fear. top-lieavy, and to bend over of its own weight; another remarkable feature is, that it forms spurs up the body of the young tree, Hke those of fruit spurs; its disposition is to bear young and abundantly. History of the variety. — xYbout the year 1S06 or 1807, a Mr. James, a gardener, came to this city (Cincinnati), from England, liringing with him a variety of fruit trees, of -which Ethan Stone, Esq. informs me ho purchased a num- ber of pear trees, one of ^yhich, when it came into bearing, produced a small and rather inferior fruit, which, from some cause, soon died down below the graft ; from the stump of the original stock sprang up several shoots, the most vigor- ous of which he trained to a tree ; from this tree this pear has sprung. From Esquire Stone's intelligence, habits of correctness, combined with his experience and knowledge of fruits, I am unhesitating in the belief that this pear is a new variety, originating from a seedling stock in his garden in this city. This section of the country, in consequence of the diffi- culty of procuring grafted fruit trees in its early settle- ment, abounds in seedling trees, among which much is found worthy of propagation and culture. I am taking some pains to collect all That is worthy of attention. I have several pears and apples, of which it will allbrd me pleas- ure to send you some trees, with the best description of the fruit I can procure, if you deem it an object to add such to your collection. I remain, Yours with much respect, A. II. Ernst. Cincinnati^ Ohio. OcCr. 1842. [It will be seen by a reference to the proceedings of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, that a vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Ernst, for his acceptable donation of fruits sent to the Society last spring. The Society have a large number of honorary and corresponding members, from very few of which, however, they have ever received much benefit. We trust that they may profit by Mr. Ernst's example, as many of them are placed in situations Avhere they could render valuable aid, by introducing seeds or plants. — Ed.^ Domestic Notices. 27 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Art. I. Domestic N'otices. Large Apples. — The annual exhibition of the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society, which took place at Boston last week, is said to have been an improvement on all its former exhibitions, in point of richness and beauty. The varieties of apples and pears, sent by some of the members, attracted a great deal of attention. The President, Col. Wilder, sent 6^ varieties of pears alone. B. V. French sent, of pears, 38 kinds, and of apples 50. Otis Johnson, of Lynn, sent 30 specimens of pears. Mr. Brown, of Beverly, 30 of tlie same fruit. Robert Manning-, of Salem, 152 varieties of pears, and 26 of apples. Dr. Sparhawk, of Walpole, N. H., sent a basket of apples, the largest of which weighed 17 ounces, and the whole, on an average, each one pound. The above notice we find in one of the newspapers of the day ; and it prompts us to make a few remarks in relation to the large apples exhibit- ed. In a previous paper I named to you several of the most enthusiastic cultivators in this vicinity ; but I forgot to name one votary of horticulture, who well knows a hawk from a hand-saw, and beats your Doctor Spar- hawk in the size of his apples, in about the same proportion that a chick- en-hawk excels a sparrow-hawk. In the brief summary of the proceed- ings of the Horticultural Society of Boston, to which reference is made above, it is stated that the " largcsV of the doctor's weighed " 17 ounces." Now you may be assured that Mr. James H. Durham, of this department, — I beg pardon, — of the auditory office for this department, has gathered two apples this yeai-, one of which weighed twenty-three, and the other twenty-seven and a half ounces. Let all Boston beat that, if they can ! Coxe says this apple, the " monstrous pippin," originated on Long Island, and gives 27 ounces as its maximum weight ; but that must be corrected in a new edition, and the palm of excellence must be yielded to this dis- trict— else this apple shall become an " apple of discord" — which Avould be natural enough, considering the year and the place of its growth. We have volumes written upon Durham cattle — small head, switch tail, fine muzzle, slender bone, early maturity, great size, marbled beef, and oceans of milk ; — but give me the Durham apple ! In the one case, size demands food in proportion, and constant care and skill to keep tlie breed from fiying to pieces ; whereas, Avitli the Durham apple, or " monstrous pippin," size comes out of the nature of the fruit, and fitness of soil and climate : while these apples fill both tlie eye and the mouth, they are rather most agreeable to the last-named organ. " The flesh of it," say the writers, " is juicy, white, tender and sprightly." Only tliink, Mr. Editor, what a glorious dumpling one of these Durham apples Avould make ! one pound, eleven ounces and a Irnlf! with a plenty of fresh Alderney cream and sugar, by way of sauce ! Diogenes himself would crawl out of his tub to such a feast ! But my pen is running wide of its mark, which was merely to hold up to public view oivr grapes, and nectarines, and peaches, and, though last not least, our apples, for therein we beat all Boston, and Salem in the bar- gain; and every one knows it's no '■'■small potatoes" that can do that! 28 Domestic Notices. Though my pen must now go witli me to its rest, its ink sliall one of tliese days riow again, in a vindicatory comparison of the claims of our civil corps, with tliosc of the favored corps militaire, who are 1st, — secure in tlieir life-commissions ; 2d, — paid tlie same whetlier working or playing ; and 3d, — when they do fight, are pensioned if killed or wounded ! So that their merit lives after them, in sure support of their ftimiliea. For the nonce, however, let me conclude this article about vines, for it keeps growing under the hand as fast as Jonah's gourd ; which, by the way, as we are upon horticulture, some say was no gourd at all, but palraa christi. Be that as it may, proclamation is hereby made that cut- tings of the Caden nectarine, and the Durham apple, shall be sent to the President of your Society, or any member thereof; or to Doctor Spar- hawk, if he acknowledges himself beaten in wliat he prized as the '■'■apple of his eye" — provided, and with this express understanding, that they will send me a icw plants of their boasted Hovey strawheiTy. This may be done through my friend Mr. Gordon, P. M. of Boston, who can get some lover of good fruit, coming south, to take charge of them. — Yours, J. S. S., Washington, D. C, October, 1842. [With all due deference to the remarks of our respected correspondent, who seems to have indited his communication when tlie |it of humor was on him, and who probably was completely overpowered with pleasant feel- ings while dilating upon the huge ^'■pippins''' before him — and whose gus- tatory organs were intensely acute while the imagination revelled amid apple dumplings, sugar and Alderney cream, — we must say that, although the Durham apples of Mr. Durham were no simdl affair, yet Dr. Sparhawk cannot acknowledge an unconditional beat ; or at least, if all the excel- lencies of an apple are taken into consideration, we must not allow him to give in to our Washington friends, without qualification. If the Dr. sees the above, he Avill undoubtedly defend himself; but, in the mean time, we must say something further in regard to his apples. What variety of apple Dr. Sparhawk's were, ice are unable to say ; we do know, however, that tliey were not the inonstrous pippin. So far as regards every thing but size, the latter is no more to be compared to the Doctor's than a Roxbury russett to a Baldwin. When we say that tliey •were the noblest apples we ever saw, among at least 150 kinds, including monstrous pippins weighing 22 ounces, we only speak what we believe to be the truth. No fruit on the Society's tables commanded more admira- tion than the Doctor's apples. They were of perfect form, nearly round, smooth, with a delicate yellowish-white skin, beautifully streaked and clouded with red on the sunny side. We have not the pleasure of an acquaintance with Dr. Sparhawk, but we shall send him this number of our Magazine, as an introduction, and if he does not send us a dozen or two of the scions, we shall never under- take to speak in his defence again. After saying thus much in behalf of the Doctor, we of course shall not expect to receive any of the benefits of the " proclanraion" of our corres- pondent. But notwithstanding this, we shall embrace the first opportu- nity, as soon as spring opens, to send him a dozen of our seedling straw- berries. And if he cultivates them Avell, he Avill find they are, in size, to other strawberries, what the Durham apple is to otlier apples. And if Domestic Notices. 29 Durham dumplings, sugar and Alderney cream, might tempt Diogenes to crawl from his tub, a plate of the real Hovey's strawberries, with tlie same " fixins," would induce him to jump outright. — Ed.~\ The Weather in Georgia. — We had remarkably winter-like weather from the 18th to 27th November. Thermometer on the 20th down to 20 deg., and on the 24th, your thanksgiving day, it was at 24 deg. in the morning. Lately, it has been very fine, 50 to 55 deg. at sunrise, 70 to 75 deg. at noon. — Vei-y respectfully, yours, S^-c, M. A. Ward, AtMns, Ga., Dec, 1842. Allium cernuum, Roth. — Drooping flowered Allium. Some bulbs of this pretty species of garlic, brought from tlie vicinity of the Sulphur Springs, in Virginia, have given me a good show of their flowers, and seem well calculated for introduction into gardens, to add to tlie stock of bulbous plants. To exhibit how readily many of our native plants may be transported, it may be well to mention that I received these from a friend who, gathering them in full flower, enclosed them with the roots in a close tin box, where they remained for several months ; and yet, on transplanting- into pots in the autumn, and with some care during the win- ter, pushed up strong flower-stems, surviving a rude treatment of confine- ment, and entire loss of foliage. — R., So. Hingham, Oct., 1842. Gardening in Mississippi.— Of the science of horticulture, in this part of the country, I am sorry that I cannot give a more favorable account. The growing of fruits and flowers must succeed the more necessary pur- suits of building and agriculture. The inhabitants of this region of coun- try have never, until within one or two years, considered themselves set- tled ; but nearly all looked forward to the day when they would have ac- quired a fortune, and then return to spend the remainder of their lives among their relatives, and friends of their early days. Various causes combined have tended to change this state of things, and one of the most apparent and greatest beneficial results from it is tlie improvement every- where seen in architecture, agriculture and horticulture. Mine is the first and only regular fruit and flower nursery, in this or any of tlie adjoining States, that I know of There are several fine pri- vate gardens in Natchez, and some of the citizens of this place are now planning and laying out good flower-gardens ; in both places there are a tew private green-houses, all of which I shall visit in tlie spring, and will, if you wish, give you a short description of the best gardens and green- houses that I see. We are about fomiing a horticultural society in this place. — Yours truly, JV. W. Hatch, Vickshurg, Miss., Nov., 1842. Art. II. Pennsylvania HoHicultural Society. The 14th annual exhibition of this society took place in the lower saloon of the Philadelpjiia Museum, on the 21st, 22d and 23d September. The report of the society reached us too late to include a notice of it in our December number, and we therefore take an early opportunity to give our readers some account of the exhibition. 30 Pcnnsylcaiiia Horticultural Society. The number of plants exhibited was very large. Mr. J. B. Smitli sent upwards of 100 species and varieties of tlie Cacti, among which we notice, as new, Echinocactus Breckenridge«n»5 and BuistjV/nKS, and Cc- reus Smithmniw and Victoria, besides several otJiers ; General Patterson, George Pepper and James Dundas, Col. Carr, Landretli and Fulton, Rob- ert Buist, P. Mackenzie, Wm. JNorris, J. McArann, J. Sherwood, R. Kil- vinslon, Peter Raabe, Alexander Parker, Mrs. Stott, and Ritchie and Dick, each contributed a great number of pot plants ; Mr. Buist upwards of 150, and P. Mackenzie upwards of 100. The following is the committee's report on dahlias and roses : — Dahlias. — By George C. Thorburn, New York : A very fine collection, containing among otiiers the fifty which obtained the first premium ; the varieties were not reported. By William Carvill, gardener at Ilaverford College, Delaware county : The fifty for which the next best premium was awarded, viz : Grandis, Hero of Tippecanoe, Queen superba, ]\Iarshal Soult, Sunbury Hero, Na- poleon, Widnall's Sylph, Dickinson's Rival Yellow, Criterion, Cleopatra, Sulphurea elegans, Conqueror of Europe, Rosette, Elphinstone's Zeno, Striata formosissima, Widnall's Conductor, Battle Rival, Duchess of Richmond, Heiskill's Fanny, Peerless White, Striped Lady Fordwick, Horticulturalist, Duke of Bedford, Suftblk Hero, Lord Morpeth, Reliance, Ansell's Unique, Mrs. Wilson, Mary of Burgundy, Egyptian Prince, Chandler's Conqueror, Clark's Julia, Mackenzie's Perfection, Daniel Web- ster, Mrs. Rushton, Ne plus ultra, Middlesex, Lady Sands, Widnall's Nimrod, Royal Standard, Beauty of Canonsbury, Elliott's Coronation, Eagle's Queen Victoria, Rival Sussex, Bowling Green Rival, Picta mag- nifica, Wilmer's Queen superba, Wilmer's President, Tarriant's Invinci- ble and Juliet. Also, about fifty other good varieties. By Gerhard Schmitz : The varieties which obtained the premium for the best twenty — the first twelve of which were seedlings by himself, which he thus describes : No. 1, a bright yellow, tipped with rose, fine shape and cupped petals ; 2, a dark crimson, finely cupped and showy flower ; 3, a light crimson, cupped petals, large showy flower ; 4, a rosy crimson, finely cupped, globular form, and very perfect, named Varieties ; 5, Mrs. Hibbert, light blush, finely cupped and perfect form ; G, Miss Per- cival, white ; 7, Thomas C. Percival, dark crimson, cupped, very large showy flower ; 8, Mary Ann, pure white with cupped petals ; 9, Miss Car- pentier, mottled rose, very fine and always good ; 10, Yellow Victory, brim- stone yellow, cupped petals, the best yellow out ; 11, Columbus, fine crim- son, large showy flower ; 12, Beauty of PJiiladelphia, yellow tipped with scarlet,°cupped, and always well filled and good shape. And Bates' Striata formosissima. Squib's Fire Ball, Hancock's Hero of Tippecanoe, Ansell's Unique, Sorrel's Essex Rival, Stanford's Madonna, Thomas Clarkson, and Buist's Juno. By William Sinton, gardener to Gen. Patterson : The next best pre- mium of twenty varieties, viz : Mackenzie's Rule-all, Mackenzie's Perfec- tion, Ariel, Ne plus ultra. Napoleon, Thomas Clarkson, Washington, Dan- iel Webster, Mrs. Rushton, Unique, Reliance, Hero of Tippecanoe, Miss Percival, Suffolk Hero, Alman's Lord Byron, Middlesex Rival, Sylph, KintTscote Rival, Quilled Perfection, and Marshal Soult. By General Patterson : The premium for the best ten varieties grown by amateurs: Ariel, Washington, Mrs. Rushton, Middlesex Rival, Ne Peimsylvania Horticultural Society. 31 plus ultra, Lord Byron, Marshal Soult, Hero of Tippecanoe, Miss Pcrci- val, and Quilled Perfection. Stands containing very fine varieties, were also shown by Robert Buist and Peter Mackenzie ; about fifty new varieties, not in competition, by Lenfesty & Lentz, Henry A. Dreer, and Edward Hibbert, gardener to Joseph Levering. Seedlings : By Gerhard Schmitz — the best American seedling parti- colored dahlia, which he has named, in compliment to the President of the Society, " Caleb Cope," with several others. By Robert Kilvington : The best American seedling, self-colored dah- lia and others. By Lenfesty & Lentz, other seedlings. Roses. — By Robert Buist : The following varieties : Tea scented — Bou- gere, Caroline, Clara, Sylvain, Flavescens, Hymenee, Lillicine, Lady Warrender, Madame Desprez, Melville, Odoratissima, Reine de Bonheur, Strombio and Triomphe du Luxembourg. Bengale — Admiral de Rigney, Arsenie, Belle de Monza, Belle Isidore, Beau Carmine, Cels, Cramoisie superieure, Eugene Hardy, Fragrans, Gigantea, Hortensic, Jacksonia, Louis Philippe, Mrs. Bosanquet, Queen of Lombardy, Roi des Cramoisies and Triumphant. He de Bourbon — Gloire des Rosamines, Hermosa, Jac- ques, Le Brun, Mareschal de Villars, Madame Desprez, Phillipart, and Reine d'lle de Bourbon. JVoiselte — Agrippina, Alba, Alzande, Conque de Venus, Charles X., Fellemberg, Jauue Desprez, La Biche and Setula. By Peter Mackenzie : Of varieties : Tea scented — -Aurora, Alba, Arch- duchess Theresa Isabella, Bougere, Buret, Bourbon, Bon Silene, Belle Marguerite, Camellia, Cels, Comtesse de Montmorency, Eliza Sauvage, Golconda, Hortensie, Hymenee, Lady Warrender, La Pactole, Luxemb'g, Mirabilis, Madame Desprez, Odorata, Princesse Maria, Princesse d'Ester- hazy, Vi'ctoire modeste, Odorata lutea and Devoniensis. Bengale — Madame Hersant, Admiral DupeiTe, Bouquet de Nymphe, Duchesse de Berri, Dan- thereuse, Eugene Beauharnais, Fabvier, Grandval, Gigantesque, Hamilton monthly, Indica alba, Louis Philippe, d' Angers, Lawrencia, Setula, Superba and Carmine du Luxemb'g. lie de Bourbon — Agrippina, Gloire de France, Henri Plantier, Hermosa, La PhoenLx, Mareschal de Villars, Madame Desprez, Madame Nerard, Victoire argentee and Charles Desprez. JVoi- sette — Aimee Vibert, Amoena, Belle Noisette, Charles X., Champneyana, Carmine Noisette, Cceur jaune, Conque de Venus, De Metreis, Fellem- berg, Jaune Desprez, Lamarque, Lutea, Monstrosa and Superb. Also, Stanwell perpetual, microphylla, Maria Leonida and Moschata. By Henry A. Dreer — a fine collection. By Andrew Dryburgh — fine varieties. By Ritchie & Dick — a fine selection of choice varieties. Many of the devices of cut flowers were very splendid, consisting of arches, grottoes, urns, vases, temples, &c. &c. The following were the contributors of the best of these : — By Samuel Maupay : A triumphal arch, in height about fifteen feet, but ornamented above, so tliat the altitude of the whole design was up- wards of twenty feet. It was a light and neat structure, in proper propor- tion, and embellished with taste. Also, a beautiful cone bouquet. Joseph Cook, gardener to William Norris : A model of a grotto, in height about ten feet, covering an area of about fifteen feet, encased in all its parts with flowers. In this design, which was entirely original, the 32 Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. contributor has shown much ingenuity and taste ; the architectaral form of tlie grotto was unique, and commanded tlie attention and admiration of every visiter. Also, a small model of the same. Peter Fleming, gardener to William R. Hanson : A large and hand- some classical urn, in evergreen envelope, having flowers tastefully inter- woven. It mot witli much approbation. Archibald Henderson, gardener to Wharton Chancellor : A tall de- vice, variously formed and covered with flowers — the horizontal design, or working plan of which, was a beautiful and original plot for a flower- garden, which not being explained, tlie device was not duly appreciated. H. & A. Uber : A light and chaste design of a Chinese temple, hand- somely embellished with flowers, &c. John Gait, gardener to Samuel W. Gumbes, Montgomery county : A large and beautiful antique vase, covered with a profusion of flowers. Jolm J. Jennings, Cedar Grove : A handsome model of a temple with a spire, in height about ten feet, displaying taste in its construction and embellishment. James Penlland : A tall, slender design, in form of a steeple, envel- oped witii flowers. John Sherwood : A covered vase, richly adorned with beautiful and fragrant flowers, mostly roses. Robert Henry, gardener to William E. Rogers, Mount Airy : An open chandelier stand, enwrapped with a variety of flowers. Thomas INIullin, gardener to Miss Gratz : A fine pyramid of flowers. ^V''illialn Clialmers, gardener to Mrs. Stott: A very handsome pair of festoons, tastefully arranged. Mrs. Archibald Henderson : A pair of festoons, very pretty, and cred- itable to the fair contributor. Edward Smith, Camden, New Jersey : A very handsome bouquet. The fruit consisted principally of grapes, not over a dozen or two of pears, apples or peaclies, being named. The finest forced grapes were from the following individuals : — William H. Carse, gardener, from the gi-een-house of Nathan Dunn, at Mount Holly, N. J. : Grapes — St. Peter's, White Muscat of Alexandria, Frankenthal, Constantia of Zante and Black Hamburg. The whole of this contribution was s])lendid. Edward Noyes, gardener, from the green- house of R. S. Field, Princeton, N. J. : Grapes — White Syrian, Muscat of Alexandria, St. Peter's and Black Hamburg. This was also a very superb collection. Aquila Pascoe, gardener to Nicholas Biddle, Andalu- sia : Grapes — White Syrian, very fine. Robert Egee, gardener to Jo- seph Cowperthwaite : Grapes — Black Hamburg. The vegetable department was, as usual, exceedingly fine ; probably a better display could not be made in the country ; there were upwards of 30 contributors. The committee, at the conclusion of their report, remark, " that the prac- tical horticulturist, who, by his skill and habits of industry, has made tlie pursuit he has chosen at once the means of support, and a source of hap- piness, to himself and family, rejoices, that wJiilst his own pecuniary wants are supplied by the success of his eflforts, his fellow-man has been im- proved and society benefited : — Avell may he exult, and well may the ama- teur and well-wisher of the cause exult, at tlie achievements of his pro- fession. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 33 Although tlic present is a period of extraordinary depression, when many of our once wealthy citizens are reduced to poverty, or at least to a scanty subsistence, and many of the industrious classes find no employ- ment whatever, while there is scarcely a single stranger sojourning in our city, yet the exhibition has been most liberally patronized, the receipts exceeding generally the anticipations of the Society." — [Soc. Report.) Art. III. MassachuseUs HorticuUwal Society. Saturday, October 22d, 1812. — Exhibited. Flowers : Another very good exhibition of the dahlia was made to-day ; Messrs. Copeland, Button and McClure each had large stands ; and among the flowers many of the starry and tipped varieties, such as Chas. XII., Painted Lady, President Von Litchenburg, &c. Bouciuets were also shown by W. Kenrick. Fruit : — From the President of the Society, fine specimens of Capiau- mont, Buffum, Pope's Russett, and autumn superb pears. From S. Pond, beautiful and largo Bcurr6 Diel and Dix pears ; also Isabella grapes. From J. F. Allen, black prince grapes, a fine sort, very little known ; also black figs. From the Pomological Garden, Salem, handsome specimens of Dumortier, Jalousie, Urbaniste, Marie Louise, Dundas, and other pears. Mr. John Howland, of New Bedford, sent some fine specimens of pears, under numbers, without names : The committee decided some of them to be (No. 1) Brocas' Bcrgamot, (2) Pope's Russett, (3) Brown Bcurre, (4) Passe Colmar, (5) St. Germain, (6) Marie Louise. From J. C. Gray, an apple, having the appearance of being part Baldwin and part Russett. From S. W. Cole, Jewett's fine red apples. From Hall J. How, Isabella grapes. From J. Cass, Isabella and Sweetwater grapes. October 29th. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day, — the President in tlie chair. A committee of three, consisting of the President of the Society, E» Vose and C. M. Hovey, was chosen to prepare a vote, conveying the feel- ings of deep regret which the Society experienced in the death of their late member, R. Manning, Esq. A letter was received from Mr. A. H. Ernst, of Cincinnati, correspond- ing member of the Society, describing the Stone pear. Referred to the fruit committee. A copy of Dr. Harris's Treatise on Insects, was presented to the Society from the author ; and the thanks of the Society were voted to Dr. Harris, for the acceptable donation of so valuable a work. The Hon. Wm. Sturgis and J. W. Paige, of Boston, were admitted life members ; and N. Carruth of Boston, E. Foord of Dedham, and A. S. March of Roxbury, subscription members: Adjourned one week to No- vember .5th. Exhibited. — Flowers : From J. Stickney, upwards of thirty dahlias, among which we noticed some superb specimens of Hope. From R. M. Copeland, about seventy-five blooms. From E. McClure, dahlias. Fruit : From the President of the Society, two baskets of large and VOL. IX. NO. I. 5 34 31assachusctfs Horticultural Societp'. beautiful Duchess d'Angouleme pears ; partly from trees on quince. From E. Vose, very beautiful Duchess d'Angouleme pears, of large size. Ftom R. Manning, good specimens of tlie following pears : Boucquia, Bcurr6 Bronze, Jalousie, Bezi de la Motte, Beurre Duval, Wilkinson and Henry IV. From S. Pond, large and superb specimens of Beurre Diel jwars, upwards of three dozen in number, and also beautiful Dix and Marie Lou- ise peai-s, and Isabella gi-apes. From Dr. E. Wight, Gloria Mundi, foil Pippin, American golden Pippin, Wine, Jersey sweet, black gilliflower, iEsopus Spitzembcrg, winter queen, red gilliflower, Newtown Pi])pin, and Lady apples. From J. C. Gray, an apple liaving the appearance of being half Baldwin and half Russett. Specimens of Jewett's line red apple, a native variety, from S. W. Cole. Summer pie apples, from R. P. Sunnier, Mil- ton. Superb Isabella grapes, from John Cass. From S. R. Johnson, Beurre Diel and St. Michael pears. Vegetables : Pine apple potatoes, from Capt. Marshall, Manadnock, N. II, JVoccmher 5th. — An adjourned meeting — the President in tlie chair. Mr. A'ose, from tlie committee appointed at the last meeting, submitted a resolution, convoying the sentiments of the Society in relation to their laic member, R. Manning, Esq. of Salem. It was voted, tliat all parcels of seeds now on hand, or which may here- after be presented to tlie Society, shall be committed to tlie care of the Professor of Botany and Vegetable Physiology of the Society, to be ex- amined by him ; and that he be requested to make out a list, under its projier department, for the botanist, florist, &c., and report tlie same to the Society. — Adjourned ibur weeks, to Saturda}*, December 3d. Exhibited. — FloM'ers : Tlie President of the Society exhibited some fine specimens of the following roses : Bourbons — crimson globe, Hermosa and Theresita ; Teas — Zephyr, Lady Warrender, Goubalt, yellow, Dcvon- iensis, and Elize Sauvage ; Bengal — Paris ; Hybiid Perpetual — Triumph de Montmorency ; also some beautiful new chrysanthemums, of which the names of some were Queen, formosum (elegant white), Georgina, exquis- ite, Minerva, Flecliier (lake), Conductor, &c. Fruit : Beurre d'Arembcrg i)ears, from the President of the Society. From S. Walker, some remarkably large and fine specimens of the Mon- sieur le Cun'' (or de Cure) pears. From S. Pond, fine Beurre Diel pears and Isabella grapes. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Napoleon, Duchess d'Angoil- leme, Bufium and St. Marc (?) pears, and seedling peaches. From John Cass, very fine Isabella grapes. Kovember V2th. — Exhibited. From S. Walker, beautiful specimens of Monsieur le Cure pears. From J. M. Ives, fine Josephine pears. Beurre Diel p(iars from S. Pond. JVovember VMh. — Exhibited. Fine Monsieur le Cur6 pears, from S. Walker. From J. Grinnell, New Bedford, a fine pear, supposed the Beurre Magnifique, of large size, beautiful russett skin, melting and deli- ciously perfumed. December Sd. — An adjourned meeting of the Society — the President in the chair. It was voted tliat the thanks of tlic Society be presented to Nathan Appleton, Esq. for liis liberal donation of seeds, received from Lieutenant Wilkes, of tlie exploring expedition. Tlie thanks of the Society were also voted to Ninian C. Betton, Esq. for a copy of the JBon Jurdinier for 1841. It was voted that tlie President be authorized to subscribe, in the name Rctrospeclive Criticism. 35 of the Society, for twenty-five copies of the Rev. H. Cohiian's European Siirvey, with a view to distribute the same hereafter as presents. Voted, that the Finance Committee, together with the Treasurer, be a committee to examine the books and accounts of the Mount Auburn As- sociation, and receive the sums due from the same for 1842. Elbridge Tufts, of Cambridgeport, was admitted a subscription member. Meeting dissolved. Exhihited. — Fine specimens of Beurre d'Aremberg, Cohunbian Virgou- louse, Glout morceau and Passe Colmar pears, from the President of the Society. Art. IV. Retrospective Criticism. Glout Morceau Fear. — The object of a fruit-grower, in questioning the course taken by the chairman in relation to the alteration of the name of this pear, was merely to test the truth or propriety of tlio Mord Goi'it, in the place of Glout, thinking that the alteration was intentionally made, on a supposition that Glout was improper; but after the assurance of the chairman that it tvas an error of the printer, there is no fault on liis part. And the correction of the error of the word intention in the place of in- struction, shows that it was not his wish to go behind the London Horti- cultural Society's Catalogue. A fruit-grower did not give the signification of the word Glout, as tlio proper one, or that which was probably intended by the namer of the pear ; ijut merely to show that it was derivable in some way from Glouton. The chairman's suggestion is thought perfectly correct, and is undoubtedly the proper meaning of this name. The object of the first note was to elicit information on this subject ; and as the object has been attained, and the course of the chairman, Mr. Walker, is acknowledged as con-ect, it is unnecessary that any further remarks should be made upon the subject. — A Fruit Groiver, Dec, 1842. Difecious Character of Straivberries, (in reply to Mr. Coit, Vol. VII, p. 40G). — Your correspondent, Mr. Coit, is in an en"or as regards the wild strawberry. In some, tlie male organs are entirely defective, in others the female ; and some will be found with both organs so near perfect, as to produce perfect and imperfect berries. The white wood strawbeiry I have never cultivated, but the facts stated by Mr. Coit incline me to the belief that it is a distinct species, and will not, therefore, impregnate the Methven Castle. I am the more inclined to this impression, from the fact that I have never seen a white strawberry but had botli the male and fe- male organs perfect in the same blossom ; and, as a necessary consequence, the fruit never very largo. For the same reason, I doubt whether the Al- pine monthly will impregnate the Methven Castle, or other strawberries of the same character, as all the blossoms of the Alpine are perfect in both organs. The wood strawberry does not blossom so late as to occa- sion a feilure in impregnating the Methven. The loss could only be a partial one on this account, and it is a general rule that some fruit is lost in consequence of the male plants not continuing in blossom as long as the female. Neither could the failure to produce fruit be more than a partial one, from the blossom being small and generally covered by the foliage. — Yours respecVy, JV. Langivorth, Cincinnati, Ohio, JYov. 30, 1842. 36 Faneinl Hall Market. Art. V. Faneidl Hall Marl-et. Roots, Tubers, i^-c. Potatoes, new: ^, S per barrel, Chenangoes, | J^^ ^^,^,,^j^ „ ( per barrel, . Common, J [^^^ ^^^^^^ _ Eas.ports, JP-^-lS- NovaScotia,^;^^;^-^^ Sweet, per bushel, . . , Turnips, per bushel : Common, .... Kuia I'aga, . . . Onions : Ued, i>cr bunch, . . White, per luinch, . Yellow, per bushel, , White, per bushel, . Beets, per bushel, . . Carrots, per bushel. Parsnips, per l)ushel, . tjiiisify, per dozen roots, Horseradish, per pound. Garlic, per pound, . . Cabbages, Salctds, ^-c. Cabbages, per dozen : Drumheads, yavoys, Red Dutch, Urocolis, each, Cauliflowers, each, . . . . Lettuce, per head, . . . , Celery, per root, . . . . Spinach, per peck, . . . , Cucumbers, (pickled) pr gal.. Peppers (pickled) per gallon. Pot and Sweet Herbs. Parsley, per half peck, . Sage, per pound, ... Marjorum, per bunch, . . . Savory, per bunch, ... Spearmint, green, per bunch From S cts. 87i 30 75 30 1 2.5 50 75 30 1 25 To % cts. I 00 1 50 (i2.i 20 37^ 3 3 75 1 00 75 C2i 12^ 37i 50 37.-1 50 50 75 13 25 25 4 (i f) 8 25 25 37d — 371 50 17 20 G 12J fi 12.J 3 4 Squashes and Pitmpkitis. Squashes, per pound : Autumnal Marrow, . . Canada Crookneck, . . Winter Crookneck, . . Pumpkins, each, .... Fr7dts. Apples, dessert and cooking Baldwins, per barrel, . Greenings, per barrel, . Russetis, per barrel, Spilzemberg, per barrel, Common, per barrel, Blue I'earmains, per barrel, Seek-no-furlher, per barrel. Lady apjile, per half peck. Common sweet, per bushel, Danvers sweet, per bushel. Dried apple, per lb , . . Pears, per half peck or doz : Beurro Diel, per dozen, . Winter Doyenne, per d'Aremberg, pr doz. Columbian, per doz., . Messire Jean, per half pk., Chaumontcl, per half i)k., . Lewis, per half pk., . . . St. Germain, per dozen, . J5aking, per bushel, . . . Quinces, per bushel, . . . Cranberries, per bushel, . . Tomatoes, per dozen, . . . Grapes, per pound ! Malaga, white, . . . . Malaga, purple, . . . . Pine-apples, each, . . . . Lemons, per dozen, . - . «-g-'jSnna, ! ! ! Chcsnuts, per bushel, . . . Walnuts, per bushel, . . . Cocoanuts, per hund., . . . .\lmon(!s, per lb From Sets. 1 50 I 75 1 50 I 75 75 1 50 2 50 2.5 1 00 1 00 3 50 25 25 25 50 50 50 37J I 50 3 00 3 50 25 20 25 25 25 25 37i 3 00 I 50 4 10 To gets. 4 4 3 12i 1 75 2 00 1 G2.^ 2 00 1 00 1 73 37A 37 50 75 75 4 50 50 3 50 Remarks. — Two months have clap.sed .since our last report, which was dated the 28th of October. At that time the weather had been delightful for tiie season, and but few frosts had occurred even up to tliat date. No- vember opened mild and continued so until about the 20th, when a course of cold westerly winds set in, accompanied with squalls of snow and rain. Obituary. 37 Through December up to the date we now write, the weather has been cool and rather unpleasant, with the thermometer falling down the present week to 1 deg. above zero. But notwithstanding the rather sudden ap- proach of the winter season, there has been scarcely any change worthy of note. Vegetables. — In potatoes there has been something doing, but sales can- not be said to be very readily effected. The cold weather has prevented the usual supply by coasters, but this does not seem to have enhanced prices but little, or created a brisker sale. Nova Scotias are the only kind which command better prices tlian at tlie time of our last report. Sweet pota- toes are supplied in good quantity ; a large lot of about 700 barrels has been kept in the manner we noticed last year, and by the same enterpriz- ing individuals ; the plan seems to answer well. Good white turnips are not quite so plentiful. Onions are a shade higher. Carrots are more abundant, and in quantity do not command so high rates. Parsnips re- main the same, witli the usual supply. Cabbages continue plentiful, and prices low ; an unusually large and fine stock was raised the past season. Brocolis are scarcer, and command better prices. Cauliflowers are less abundant as the season advances. Lettuce is supplied in moderate quan- tities, but not of remarkable size. No radishes have yet appeared. Cel- ery continues abundant and good. Parsley is now scarce, and an ad- vance has taken place in the price per half peck. Spinach comes in very abundantly, and of fine size and quality. Of squashes, there is a small stock ; as the season advances they become a greater rarity, and prices naturally tend upward : Scarcely any marrows are in market. Fruit. — In the fiuit market there is but little change. Baldwins of fine quality only command our quotations ; owing to tlie small stock of last year's ice, which has prevented shipment to South America, less of this variety has been exported than usual. Greenings are in better demand, and the stock is working off fast. In other kinds no change. Pears of first-rate quality are scarce ; such of the varieties as are named in our price current are to be had, but generally rather small and inferior ; the De Cure is the most plentiful. Quinces are gone. Cranberries are re- duced to an extremely small stock, and prices are considerably higher. A few tomatoes, fresh from the vines, have continued to come to hand, and are quickly taken. Foreign grapes are abundant. In nuts there is but little doing, and no alteration in prices. — M. T., Boston, Dec. 28th, 1842. Art. VI. Obituary. Robert Manning, Esq. — In a late number (Vol. VIII. p. 439), we an- nounced the death of Mr. Manning, which took place at his residence in Salem, on tlie 10th of October, 1842, at the age of fifty-eight. It would be unpardonable in us to pass over the death of this eminent pomologist and amiable man witli the mere aimouncement of tlie same. — The friendly intercourse and correspondence which has grown up between 38 Obituary. us, and the valuable assistance he has rendered us, in disseminating infor- mation upon the subject of new fruits, call upon us to place upon record in our pages a brief memoir of his life, and liis labors in the science of pomology. Mr. Manning was an entliusiastic collector of fruits. Early in life his attention was called to the subject, and for a period of twenty-five years he has devoted himself to the single purpose of identifying fruits under tlieir correct name. We need not say how nmch every cultivator is in- debted to liiin for his researches. Tlie universal regret which has been manifested upon the knowledge of his deatli has expressed this in plainer language than words. It lias been generally acknowledged that no indi- vidual, by his own unassisted exertions, has done so much to identify fruit-s, detect synonyms, and prove the (jualities of such an immense num- ber of kinds, as Mr. Manning. Upwards of a quarter of a century ago, as Mr. Manning has stated in a communication in a preceding volume (VII. p. 52), he commenced forming a collection of fruits ; and a few years after established his pomological garden. At that time, the collections of pears, in cultivation around Bos- ton, witli a few exceptions, consisted of only the Brown Beurre, St. Mi- chael, Chaumontel, Crassane, St. Catherine, St. Germain, and a few otli- ers. Some of these were then begiimingto show signs of that blight and decay which has since rendered it necessary to discontinue their growth ; and Mr. Manning saw the necessity of adding new kinds, or the cultivation of the pear must be given up. Bat the importation of fruits at that time was a thing but little known ; and few facilities were then aftbrded for procur- ing trees alive. Knowing these obstacles to success, Mr. Manning endea- vored to open a correspondence with European cultivators — more particu- larly with Mr. Knight, Dr. Van Mons, Mr. Thompson of tlie London Hor- ticultural Society, the Chevalier Parmentier, and otliers who Avere known as the possessors of collections of fine new fruits — for the purpose of pro- curing scions. He M^as here however doomed to suffer disappointments which would have disheartened a less enthusiastic man ; but, not to be discoTiraged, he persevered with his object till he succeeded in opening and continuing a correspondence with these gentlemen, and secured such a collection of fruits as is nowhere else to be found in this country. Be- sides procuring all the best foreign fruits, he spared no pains to add every native American variety which had the reputation of being worth cultiva- tion : and at the time of his death, Mr. Manning's collection contained nearly one thousand varieties of pears, and five hundred varieties of ap- ples, peaches, cherries, plums, &.c. Neither was Mr. Manning content in the collection of fruits alone : ho attempted the growth of trees from seeds, and succeeded in raising seve- ral veiy superior varieties of cherries : To the cultivation of fruits, Mr. Manning did not devote much attention ; his object was rather to detect the errors of cultivators without attempting to grow superior specimens himself. Many of tlie fruits he exhibited, however, were large and fine. Mr. Manning was modest and unassuming in his manners, and of an unobtrusive and retiring disposition. He did not seek publicity. So fear- ful was he of giving offence that, rather than run the risk of doing so, it was rarely that he attempted to openly correct the errors of cultivators. — To know Mr. Manning was to love him. The information which he hid Horticidhiral Memoranda. 39 acquired through a long experience was freely imparted to all who sought it ; and his conversation was at all times agreeable and instructive. He was an extensive reader and was familiar with all tlie horticultural works of late writers. Mr. Manning first began to sink under his disease about two years since : at first its attacks were light ; but latterly very severe, depriving him of the use of liis arms. He however bore up under it ; and continued to de- vote himself to his labors with the same indomitable zeal. His mind was clear to the last ; but he lost his speech, Avhich to one so communicative was a great deprivation. No man was more firm in tlie conscientious dis- charge of his duties ; and he departed this life full of resignation and hope. The following is a list of the communications he has furnished for our pages. 1. Some Remarks on the difficulty of identifying the varieties of fruits. —Vol. 1. p. 49. 2. Notice of 12(3 varieties of pears, which have ripened their fruit dur- ing tlic season of 1836, in the Pomological Garden, Salem, Mass. — Vol. HI. pp. 10. 44. 3. Remarks on the Chelmsford Pear. — Vol. VI. p. 1!). 4. Additional Remarks on new pears : with notices of several kinds which had not been previously described. — Vol. VI. p. 8G. 5. List of ap])les, pears, plums, &c. of American growth, in the collec- tion at the Pomological Garden, Salem, Mass. — Vol. VI. p. 171 . 6. Notices of 107 varieties of apples, which have produced fruit in the Pomolog-ical Garden, during tlie years 1839 and 1840. — Vol. VII. p. 41. 7. Notices of 39 varieties of new pears, which ripened their fruit in tlie Pomological Garden during the year 1841. — Vol. VIII. p. 5(5. 8. Desultory Remarks upon variations in fruits. — Vol. VIII. p. 8(j. 9. Notice of 44 varieties of cherries, fruited in tlie Pomological Gar- den, in the season of 1842.— Vol. VIII, p. 281. HORTICULTURAL MEMORANDA FOR JANUARY. FRDIT DEPARTMENT. Grape-vines, in graperies, may be now prepared ready for commencing fires the latter part of the month ; in greenhouses, unless kept at a rather high temperature, they will not start until the middle of February. If any of the vines are not yet pruned, it should be done immediately ; the vines peeled of tlieir old bark, and washed witli a solution of oil-soap, to destroy insects. Peach trees, or other fruit trees, in pots, may be brought into the grape- ry or greenhouse the latter part of the month. But little other work in tliis department remains to be done, except where there are vineries, hot-houses and pits. 40 Horticultural Memoranda. FLOWER DEPARTMENT. Camellias will now commence flowering. If it is considered desirable to have the plants in tlie best order, the loaves should all be Avashed with a sponge ; the pots should also be washed, and each jjlant tied up to a neat straight stick, painted grey or green. Water frcety, and syringe occasionally, when the flowers are not too thickly expanded. As tlie va- rieties come into bloom, attend to the impregnation of the flowers. Seeds should be soAvn now, if not done before, and cuttings put in last fall pot- ted off. Geraniums will be growing now, and such as need it should be re- potted. Roses will now be in readiness to head down, after wliich they will put out strong flower buds. Chinese Primroses will need good supplies of water, and shifting into larger pots. Azaleas which are now sparingly watered will soon commence grow- ing, when they should receive liberal supplies. Verbenas will soon begin to grow, when they should be repotted, and neatly tied up. Cyclamens will soon begin to open tlicir flower buds, and will require more water. Cactuses should be kept rather dry this month. Hyacinths planted in November, and placed in frames, may now be re- moved to the parlor or greenhouse. Dahlia roots should be looked over to see that they are not injured ; such as have the appearance of rotting may be potted. Ericas will now be flowering, and will need more care. Tie the plants neatly up, and see that tjje tips of the shoots are frequently pushed out to make them damp and bushy. Ten tceek slocks should be re-potted in the next size pots. Tree pmonies may be taken into the house for a succession of flowers. Sparaxis, ixias, oxalises^ and other spring flowering bulbs, will now re- quire more water. ^Amaryllises should be re-potted as soon as they show signs of flowering. Pansy seed may now be sown in pots, and transplanted out into the gar- den in April. Greenhouse plants of all kinds should now be put in good order, by re- potting, if they need it, tying up tlie plants, marking the pots, &c. Many kinds may also be propagated this month. VEGETABLE DEPARTMENT. Hot-beds. — Preparations should now be made to form hot-beds for rais ing cucumbers, lettuce, radishes, &c. Directions in our previous volumes will be found for doing this. After the beds are made up, plant cucum- bers in pots, and start any other vegetables desired for early use, such as tomatoes, egg-plants, &c. THE MAGAZINE HORTICULTURE FEBRUARY, 1843. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Art. I. Notices of Gardens and Nurseries in the vicinity of New York, from memoranda made during a visit in October, 1S42. By the Editor. In the autumn of 1841, we gave an extended account of our visit (Vol. VIII. pp. 321, 361,) to several gardens in the vicinity of New York ; and, as we then noted down all we saw which would be interesting to our readers, we did not deem it worth while to visit the same places again after so short a period. Our stay being hmited, we, therefore, took the advantage of calling at such establishments as we had never before had the pleasure of visiting, but which, from their extent and reputation, we were anxious to give our readers some account of in our pages. Flower Garden of D. Monck, 4.th Avenne, near 2Sth street. — Mr. Monck's establishment is situated on the 4th ■Avenue, but a short distance beyond Mr. Hogg's, and is easiest of access from the Haarlem Rail-road, the change of horses for steam, being made at the depot a few rods below. The grounds consist of about two-thirds of an acre, enclosed by a high fence; but a small part of this is devoted to cultivation, as there are several ranges of houses and frames, which cover a large portion of the surface. We unfortunately did not find Mr. Monck at home, but we walked through the houses with the fore- man : they consist of a greenhouse, about one hun- dred feet long ; a rose-house upwards of fifty feet ; two houses for miscellaneous plants, one hundred feet each ; VOL. IX. — NO. n. 6 42 Notices of Gardens and Nurseries and frames or pits to the extent of two lui'idved or three hundred feet. In the greenhouse, the plants were in very good order; the collection of camellia-s, though not la;reat produc- tiveness— tlie length of the bunches — it:5 earl iness— and last, the freedom of the berries from mildew or rot. 2d. The period of the origin of the Norton grape, and tlie proximity of Ohio to Virginia. Mr. Longworth states that he received cuttings of tlie Ohio grape about fourteen years ago in a segar-box, from some unknown source, at a period when he liad advertised for native grapes. It appears from Dr. Norton's account of his grape, that it was raised about 25 years ago. Soon after its production, owing to its excellence, it was cultivated in various parts of Virginia, and at tlie time Mr. Longworth received his cuttings, it had become common in collections. When Mr. Longworth's advertisement appeared in the newspapers, it would have undoubtedly been seen by pos- sessors of the Norton grape in Virginia, and it is natural to suppose tliat some liberal cultivator, desirous of extending tlie growth of so good a grape, and of gratifying Mr. Longworth in his laudable endeavor to secure a collection of the best grapes, put up a few cuttings in a box and sent them to him by some private hand, who left them during that gentleman's absence from home. Hence his inability to discover the source from whence they were received. Upon these facts we are confinned in our opinion tliat the Ohio grape is the same as Norton's Virginia seedling. We leave others to judge by the evidence we have adduced. In making the above remarks, it will not, of course, be understood that ■we intend to undervalue the Ohio grape. Our object is only to correct an error — so that those who already possess the Norton's seedling, will not purchase the Ohio grape as a new variety. So far as we could judge from the specimens sent us by Mr. Longworth, the grape is wortliy of in- troduction into every garden, more particularly in the climate of New England, where the Isabella in some seasons does not ripen. — Ed. Art. IV. Pennsylvania Horticvllural Society. December QOth, 1842. — The stated meeting of the Society was held in ita new hall this evening — the President in the chair. [It will probably be recollected that, in the early part of tlie last year, this society appointed a committee to award premiums, under certain rules and regulations, which we published at that time, (Vol. VIII. p. 197) for new plants, flowers, fruits and vegetables. The year having expired, that committee, with the Hon. Horace Binney as chairman, have submit- ted their annual report; and as we deem it a paper of interest and impor- Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. 71 tance to all horticultural societies, we have copied it entire, and ask for it an attentive perusal. — Ed.'] " The committee on new plants, flowers, fruits and vegetables, present to the society their annual report. By their reports, from time to time, made at the Society's monthly meet- ings, it has appeared, since their appointment in February last, that the following specimens have been exhibited to the committee ; some in com- petition for premiums to be awarded, and some not ; several of them corn- ing clearly within the rules for competitors established by the committee, some not so clearly, and one at least very clearly excluded. Robert Buisl has exhibited several seedling Cinerarias, seedling Aza- leas, a seedling Camellia, a new species of Lilium from Japan, a species of Gladiolus, tlie Eclatante frappante of the Dutch gardeners, and a new variety of grape, the Muscat blanc hatif, intermediate between the mus- cat and tlie sweet-water. Peter Mackenzie has exhibited several seedling Azaleas, and two spec- imens of Rosa Devoniensis. He also exhibited some Gesnerias, but without any written statement concerning tliem. William Chalmers, Jr., has exhibited a seedling Cereus, a new variety from the seed of the Cereus Jenkinsoni, impregnated with the pollen of tlie Cereus speciosissimus. John Sherwood has exhibited a specimen of the Doryanthes excelsa, which is the plant referred to as being clearly excluded by tlie rules of the committee. Although the number of specimens thus exhibited has not been as great, nor, with one or two exceptions, as remarkable for beauty as the committee hope will hereafter be shown, tliey are by no means discour- aged, by this the first year's trial of the plan. The committee entertain a thorough conviction, that if it is intended to perpetuate this society, it must be borne in mind that the great security for this is the continuing respect of men of science, which is to be obtain- ed only by the society's so distributing its honors and rewards as to stim- ulate its members to regular and constant advances in the science of hor- ticulture, in its largest sense. It is not meant to undervalue the advantages, in such a community as ours, of a rich display of beautiful flowers, though of common or well- known kinds ; or of the fruits of the orchard, the peach, pear, plum and apple, in which our country abounds ; or of the products of the kitchen- garden, always a prominent attraction to those who think that utility is a necessary characteristic of beauty. No horticultural society can think of neglecting tliese, nor can they be neglected, in a Avorld where every body has an eye or a palate to be gratified, and to seek for gratification. But the meaning of the committee is this : that a society which does not carry its views, and cany them with ardor, beyond displays of this kind, must expect sooner or later to decline and become extinct. It will do so under the influence of two well-known principles of our nature — the one, perhaps, an evidence of infinnity — that tilings common, however excellent, are at last regarded with indifference ; and the other, very far from being an infirmity, the constant reaching forward of our mind:^ from what we know to what is unknown to us. Variety is neces- sary, even to the eyes and palates that seem to be, in no considerable de- gree, under the direction of the mind ; and increasing knowledge is a ne- 72 Pctuisylcania Horticultural Society. cessary of life to all whose minds arc, in any considerable degree, imbued with tlie love of it. There is another principle which may be adverted to, as having a strong influence upon the duration of such a society as this. It is a sci- entific as well as a practical society. It need not be said, that in the esti- mation of the best judges, the scientific objects of such a society deserv- edly hold the preeminence ; and that if its pretensions in this branch are not respectably sustained, no degree of merit, in encouraging tlie practi- cal department, will secure the consideration and respect of judges of this description. The opinion of such men rule the world in such matters. What they respect the mass will respect, and assist to carry forward- What they despise or ridicule, or treat as unworthy of their regard, the mass will finally imitate tliem, in perhaps despising and ridiculing, and certainly in neglecting. The committee desire to impress upon the members of the society the connexion between these considerations and the growth and permanent existence of tlie institution. The society has now been in existence about fifteen years, and its influ- ence thus far has been quite remarkable. The practice of horticulture has made, within that period, very striking advances among us. It is not at all probable that, for the time to come, its progress, in the practical part, will be in the same proportion. A taste for the flowers and fruits that it has made so abundant, has also increased to an equal extent. Wc have many professional gardens, and an equal or greater number belong- ing to private gentlemen, that give the air of spring to the decoration of our winter saloons ; and the skill which has been shown in the kitchen- garden, has been such as almost equally to divide the praises of the city between Camellias, Azaleas and Cacti, and the magnificent specimens of every culinary vegetable with which, for the greater part of the year, our tables are covered. In these respects we have done well. The practice of the art, and a taste for its products, are in great perfection ; and tlie society may claim much of the credit of it. But the question is, whether the society has now the scientific cast in its researches which the commu- nity begins to look for, in a body so near its maturity, in point of age ? The committee do not mean to say that it has not ; but the duties of the committee seem to include that of calling the attention of the society to the subject, and of hinting its apprehension that mere displays of beauti- ful flowers, fine fruits and superb vegetables, may at length become so uniform and so common, that the merit of producing and exhibiting them, like every thing that is common, will be undervalued. It was the object of the society, in appointing the committee on new plants, flowers, fruits and vegetables, to encourage its professional and amateur gardeners to extend their researches into all the regions of horti- culture, and to increase their collections by the constant accession of things new, as well as beautiful or useful, — to keep its members up to the knowledge of what is doing in other parts of the world in this depart- ment,— to emulate the steps of similar societies abroad, — and thus to secure both the respect of the learned, and the continuance of public favor and support. One of the express objects of our incorporation was, to introduce into our country " new varieties and species." We have ample means among us to promote tliis enterprize. We havs in our society men who have adequate knowledge and adequate resourcee. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. 73 The fear is that, with an important portion of them, that which is profitable in point of emolument may be placed too much in advance of that which will simply elevate the character of the society. It is quite natural, that while lovers will spend more than the superflux of tlieir money in pur- chasing bouquets lor their mistresses, or while the elegant embellishment of flowers is preferred before all others in the ball or supper-room, the requisite supply should be found in Uie professional gardens of the city. It is not surprising that it should be so ; and yet it is clear that all this may continue, and become more and more profitable to the gardener, while the society is declining in reputation, and going gradually out of exist- ence without a name. The professional gardeners conform to one of the universal laws of trade, in following the impulse of the public taste, even though it be satisfied with any tiring that has beouty of form or color, or fragrance, without regard to rarity or scientific value ; but so much the more incumbent upon the society is the duty of giving the weight of its recommendation, and the aid of its rewards, to stimulate the professor or amateur of horticulture, in collecting those speciinens which the public does not at present call for. In the end, tJie interests of the society and of the professional gardener, in making these collections, will no doubt be found to be the same ; but, for the present, this is by no means so ap- parent, as, without the special encouragement and aid of the society, will lead to a concurrence, by the professional gardeners, in those measures which it most concerns the society to promote. The committee may have dwelt too long upon tliis subject, and yet its importance would justify them in making further remarks. They would not have been justified in withholding such as they have made, after hav- ing been forced by their position to observe, that the new plants, flowers, fruits, and vegetables ofl^ered in competition since the institution of the committee, are to be found in the short list which is given at the com- mencement of their report, and that of these the largest number consist of varieties produced at home by the process of hyhridizing. It remains for the committee to advert to some considerations that have in part governed them, and in their opinion ought always to govern, the committee in the award of the premiums placed at their disposal by the society. The object being to increase the number of neio plants, flowers, fruits, and vegetables, that which is to the greatest degree new, is necessarily deserving of preference before that which is so in a less degree. That which is new in genus, is entitled to priority in the eyes of such a com- mittee, before that which is new in species, and that which is new in spe- cies before that which is new in variety. Specimens which are obtained from foreign countries or from distant localities in our oAvn country, are thought to be more worthy of reward, than these hybrid varieties or seed- lings that are raised in our own city. Particular beauty or excellence in color or form, or in any other particular, may very well entitle a new spe- cimen to reward, beyond the degree to which it would be entitled under the preceding general rules ; but as general rules they deem tliem worthy of general adherence. It is most specially to be regarded as incumbent on the committee not to receive, at least hereafter, any specimen for exhibition, without having an explicit attestation in writing, by the exhibiter, to all the points of fact required by the regulations, particularly as to newness within the limits VOL. IX — NO. II. 10 74 Peyinsylvania Horticultural Society. there prescribed. The committee say, at least hereafter ; — for in reg'ard to this, the first year's competition, they have thought it best to overlook some detects of statement in this particular, not to discourage the praise- worthy effort of those who have begun this competition ; an exact com- pliance may, with great propriety, be required hereafter. The facts to be stated must necessarily be in tlie knowledge or belief of the exhibiter; and if he omits to state them according to his knowledge or belief, the committee ought to regard the specimens exhibited as excluded from com- petition by the regulations. Upon the whole, iJie committee have deemed it tlieir duty to award definitely the following premiums to the following persons : To Robert Biiist, for the greatest number of new plants and flowers ex- hibited, to wit. Cinerarias, Camellia, Lilium, Gladiolus, and Muscat Blanc Hatif Grape — the Azaleas not being, in the opinion of the committee, within the regulations, twenty dollars. To Peter Mackenzie, for six specimens of Azalea and two specimens of Rosa Devoniensis — thirteen otlier specimens of Azalea not being, in the opinion of the committee, within tlie regulations, ten dollars. To Jf'illiam Cfialmers, Jr., for a beautiful specimen of Cereus, which the committee learn ho has called Cereus Peperi,j7ve dollars. Tlie specimen of Doryantlies excclsa, exhibited by John Sherwood, does not come within tlie regulations, and therefore it is not within the power of the committee to award definitely a premium for it; but the merit of Mr. Sherwood in the treatment of the plant, and the beauty of tlie specimen, were such, that the committee unanimously concur in recommending to tlie society to award to Mr. Slierwood a premium of ten dollars.''^ The committee for establishing premiums have adopted their schedule of prizes for 1843, but as the subjects for premiums are very numerous, we have not room to give it entire. We can only name a few of the more prominent ones. February meeting. — For the best 10 varieties of Camellias, ten dol- lars ; 2d best, five dollars. March. — Best half-peck of pears, three dollars. April. — Best 10 pelargoniums, three dollars. Hyacinths, tliree dollars. Best auriculas, three. May. — Best ever-blooming roses, twelve named varieties, in pots, seven dollars. Next best, four dollars. Best seedling, three dollars. Best American seedling camellia, at any stated meeting, from December to May inclusive, five dollars. June. — Best foreign grapes, under glass, five dollars. Best garden roses, 12 varieties, three dollars. Best pinks, three dollars. July. — Best cauliflowers, open ground, six heads, three dollars. Best raspberries, two dollars. August. — Best pears, three dollars. Best peaches, two dollars. Plums, two dollars. September. — Best Isabella grapes, not less than six bunches, three dol- lars. Best Bland, three dollars. Best Catawba, three dollars. Best El- sinborough, three dollars. Best foreign grapes, open air, four bunches, five dollars. Eight prizes, viz : one for each of the following sorts — Hamburgh, Hasnteretto, black Constantia, Chasselas, white Gascoigne, white Frontignac, St. Peters, and one other sort. Massaclnisetts Horticultural Society. 75 Best seedling parti-colored daUia, three dollars. Best self-colored, three dollars. Best design of cut ilowers, twenty dollars. Next best, fif- teen dollars. Next best, ten dollars. November. — Best chrysanthemums, 12 varieties, three dollars. Best seedling, three dollars. December. — Best seedling peach, pear, plum, apple, cherry or grape, during the year 1843, five dollars each. Also $"200, to be appropriated for the introduction of new plants, &.C., agreeably to the report above. The whole amounting to upwards of $600. This is certainly affording good encouragement to the members, and we no longer wonder at tlie astonishing increase of this excellent institution. The objects exhibited at this meeting, were Camellias, Cypripedium veniistum, Rondeletm, specosa, and other plants, by R. Buist. Camel- lias, roses, &c., by Ritchie & Dick. Maxillaria picta, and a beautiful species of Lselia, from Peter Raabe. Lselia Barkerz'ajia, in fine bloom from W. Chalmers, Sen. {Soc. Report.) Art. IV. Massachiisetts Horticultural Society. Saturday, December 31, I8i2.— Exhibited— Fmit: From B. V. Frencli. Pennock's Red Winter, Baldwin, BellfloAver, Flushing Seek-no-Further, and one variety without name ; tlie specimens were fine, particularly the Baldwins : the Flushing Seek-no-furtlier was considered one of the best apples cultivated. From E. Tufts, Cambridgeport, handsome Baldwin and Roxbury Russett apples. January 7, 1843. — The quarterly stated meeting of the Society was held to-day — the President in the chair, and the following business was trans- acted. The committee appointed to examine the books and accounts of the Mount Auburn Association, reported that tliey had attended to that duty in part ; but owmg to the Treasurer's books not being quite ready, they had made an arrangement for a settlement in a few days, and would make their report at the adjourned meeting. Prof Russell made a report in relation to the seeds committed to his care : the report was accepted and placed in the hands of the publishing committee, to publish such parts of it as they deem proper, in the forth- coming Transactions of the Society for ] 842. It was then voted that the President, J. E. Teschemacher, Prof. Russell, and W. E. Carter, be a committee to distribute the seeds, and that they also be requested to procure a suitable return of seeds to reciprocate fa- vors, as advised in Prof Russell's report. The President then read a letter from Mr. Brookhouse, of Salem, ask- ing the aid of the Society in any manner most agreeable to them, whereby the family of its late respected member, Mr. Manning, may be relieved from the incumbrances now resting on the homestead and nursery. It was voted that the subject be referred to a special committee of five. 76 Massachusetts Horticultural Society. to report at the next meeting — and the President, Messrs. Vose, French, Walker and Lovett were appointed tliat committee. The chairiiuui of the Library Committee submitted a report, recom- mending the purchase of several new books, and others, to complete im- perfect sets now in the Library : And it was moved and voted that the consideration of the report lay over till the next meeting. The reports of the several coitimittees on Flowers, Fruits and Vegeta- bles, awarding premiums for 184r2, were road by the President and refer- red to the Executive Committee for approval. R. T. Paine, at his request, was excused from serving on tlie Library Committee for 1843 and 1844. The President read a letter from A. H. Ernst, corresponding member, describing a naw apple : And it was voted that the Society's grateful acknowledgmcntij be presented to Mr. Ernst, ibr the zeal which he has manifested in the cause of Horticulture, and his endeavors to promote the interests of the Society. The Corresponding Secretary was requested to notify Mr. Ernst of this vote. On motion of Mr. Walker, it was voted that the Recording Secretary be added to tlie committee for publishing tlie Transactions of the Society for 1842. Adjourned two weeks to January 21st. ExhibUed — Fruit : From tl\c President of the Society fine specimens of Easter 13curre pears ; also a specimen of the Bradwell apple, a new sweet variety (described in a previous page), from A. H. Ernst, Cincinnati. From J. Lovett, Beurro ])iel, Clout Morceau and Passe Colmar pears. From J. F. Pierce, Dorchester Scaver sweet, and a kind called Rams- Horn Apples : also, Catillac pears. January 2lst. — An adjourned meeting from the 7th inst. was held to- day— the President in the chair. The chairman of the committee to whom was referred Mr. Brookhouse's letter in relation to Mr. Manning's estate, asked leave to defer tlieir report till the next meeting. The committee on the distribution of seeds wished to defer their report till the next meeting. The chairman of the committee for the examination of the books and accounts of the Mount Auburn Association, reported that they had at- tended to the duty assigned them, — and that they had received from the treasurer of that Association, the sum of ijf'BOl) 34, and that a receipt had been duly given for the same. The chairman also stated that on an ex- amination of the treasurer's books, the committee had found that there had been received by that Association, for interments in the public tombs, a sum amounting to ^'37.5. The Treasurer of the Mount Auburn Associ- ation was of the opinion that no portion of this sum belonged to the Hor- ticultural Society : but the chairman, who had examined the act of incor- poration, thought differently, and it was thereon voted, that the same com- mittee have jjower to act in the jiremises, and receive such proportional sums as may, by right, belong to the Society. The report of the committee was accepted. The following rejKjrt of tlie Library Committee was then called up, " At a meeting of the Library Committee of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society, recently held, the condition of the Library was taken into consideration with reference to the importance of completing the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 77 broken sets of certain valuable works which the Society now possess. Of these may be named as important — the Transadions of the London Horti- cultural Society and Loudon's Gardentr''s Magazine, both of which it is deemed desirable to procure, and that the Society continue its subscrip- tion for the same in futiu-e. The set of Michaux's Sylva is deficient of its third volume, and the committee recommend the purchase of the same, if it can be obtained, or in failure thereof, the new edition witli Mr. Nuttall's continuation. In tlie opinion of the committee, it Avas considered desirable for the in- terests of the Society to enrich its Library with the most valuable Horti- cultural publications of the day, and also to add, from time to time, such as are best adapted to the science the Society are seeking to promote : under this view of the subject, the committee recommend the purchase of tlie following works : — Noisette's Jardin Fruiterer, with about one hundred and thirty colored engravings of popular fruits ; six copies of the new edition of the London Horticultural Society's Catalogue ; Paxton's Botanical Didionanj ; Sup- plements to tlie Hortus Britannicus, and the Eiiq/clopoBdia of Plants ; Torrey & Gray's Flora of JVorth Jlmerica ; Dana's Muck Manual ; Lind- ley's Theonj of Horticulture (English edition) ; Mrs. Loudon's Flower- Garden of Ornameiital Annuals — of Ornnmental Perennials, and o( Bidbous Roots ; Paxton's Magazine of Botany, commencing with tlie first number of the work ; Rogers's Fruit Cultivator ; Ruffin on Calcareous Manures ; Land Draining, by tlie author of British Husbandry ; Use and Abuse of Lime ; Book of tlie. Farm, by IL Stephens. The committee submit this report -with the desire that an appropriation may be made for the purposes above-named, whenever, in the opinion of the Society, it can be done Avith a due regard to the state of its financial affairs — and also of suggesting the propriety of setting apart, annually, a certa.in sum in aid of the Library." On motion of Mr. Vose, the above report was amended by adding Gray's Botanical Text Book — and instructing the committee to commence with the first number of the current volume of such works as are publish- ed periodically, instead of procuring back volumes ; and providing also that the appropriation, for tlie purchase of the books, should not exceed one hundred and fifty dollars. The report was then accepted. The chairman of the executive committee reported that they had ap- proved of the several reports placed in their hands ; and in consequence of all the appropriation placed at the disposal of the fruit committee hav- ing been a^varded in premiums, as by their report, it was, on motion of Mr. Walker, voted, that a gratuity of ^10 be awarded to D. Haggerston, for the very splendid basket of fruit furnished by him at the annual ex- hibition of the Society. Adjourned two weeks to Feb. 4. Exhibited. — Fruit : From the Pomological Garden, Easter Beurre, Mon- sieur le Cur6, and a new pear from Van Mons (No. 1425) ; also yelloAv Bellflower, Danvers winter sweet, and a new apple, called Conquest de V^gers. From Clieever NoAvhall, Ambrette pears. From S. Walker, a pear called the Fortunee, a small and inferior fruit ; also two varieties of apples, names unknown. Flowers : — Two Bouquets from J. L. L. F. Warren. 78 Faneuil Hall Market. Art. V. Faneuil Hall Market. Roots, Tubers, c^c. From To Sets. $ cts. Potatoes, new : Che„anso.s,JP^;^S;i, 87a 30 I 00 co."««". s^:;l;:ri: 75 30 E-P-"., Jl.'JlS- 1 25 50 I 50 N.vaSocia.lPllt'^iril, 75 30 1 00 Sweet, per bushel, . . . 1 25 1 50 Turnips, per bushel : Common, 25 37i Rata Baga, 25 37i Onions : Red, per bunch, . . . . 2.i 3 White, per bunch, . . . 2| 3 Yellow, per bushel, . . . G25 75 White, pr bush, (most gone) 1 00 Beets, per bushel, . . . . 50 75 Carrots, per bushel, . . . 50 m Parsnips, per bushel, . . . 75 Salsify, per dozen roots, . . 121 Horseradish, per pound, . . 8 12i Garlic, per pound, . . . . m Cabbages, Salads, <^'C. Cabbages, per dozen : Drumheads, 374 50 Savoys, Red Dutch 37-1 50 50 75 Brocolis, each, m 25 Cauliflowers, each, .... 25 31 Lettuce, i)er head, .... 10 12 Celery, per root, .... 6 8 Spinach, per peck 25 — Cucumbers, (pickled) pr pi.. Peppers (pickled) per gallon, 25 — m — Pot and Sweet Herbs. Parsley, per half peck, . . Vn^ 50 Sage, per pound, .... 17 20 Marjorum, per bunch, . . . 6 111 Savory, per bunch, .... 6 Spearmint, greon, per bunch, 3 4 Squashes and Pumpkins. Squashes, per pound : Autumnal Marrow, . . Canada Crookneck, . . Winter Crookneck, . . Pumpkins, each, . . . Fruits. Apples, dessert and cooking Baldwins, per barrel, . Greenings, per barrel, . Russetls, per barrel, Spilzemberg, per barrel, Common, per barrel. Blue Pearmains, per barrel Seek-no-furlher, per barrel Lady apple, per half peck Common sweet, per bushel Danvers sweet, per bushel. Dried apple, per lb., . . Pears, per half peck or doz : Beurre Diel, per dozen, . Winter Doyenne, per doz.. Monsieur Le Cure, pr doz., Passe Colmar, per doz., . Beurre d'Aremberg,pr doz. Columbian, per doz., . Messire Jean, per half pk., Chaumonlel, per half pk Lewis, per half pk., . St. Germain, per dozen Baking, per bushel, . Quinces, per bushel, . . Cranberries, per bushel, Tomatoes, per dozen, . Grapes, per pound : Malaga, white, . . Malaga, purple, . . Pine-apples, each, . . Lemons, per dozen, O-^-'JS^na, : Cliesnuts, per bushel, . Walnuts, per bushel, . Cocoanuts, per hund., . Almonds, per lb , . . From 'I'o ;S:cts. ;?cts. 5 •l 3 10 6 4 12i 1 50 1 75 1 75 |2 00 1 60 1 62.i 1 75 2 00 \ 15 ]l CO I 50 ,1 75 '2 50 — 1 00 3 25 25 50 50 50 37A 1 60 3 00 5 00 25 50 50 25 12J 37; 3 00' I 50 4 10 3U 37 75 76 Remarks. — Tlic montli of January has been unusually mild, and there appears to have been a fjcneral breakintr up of winter ; after several days of warm, dull, foggy weather, which carried off all the snow and took nearly all the frost out of the ground, it cleared up, and a succession of pleasant weather has been experienced up to this date. Vegetables. — The market remains in almost tlie same state as at the Horticultural Memoranda. 79 time of our last report : unusually dull for the season. From the contin- ued mild weather, potatoes have arrived rather freely, and the market has been well supplied ; sweet are tolerably abundant for the season. Turnips are plenty, but those of superior quality command an advance from our last quotations. Bunched onions are abundant : yellow, by the bushel, are tolerably plentiful, but good whites are all gone. Beets abun- dant; carrots and parsnips freely supplied. Horseradish good and plen- tiful. Cabbages remain Avithout alteration: the mild weatlier has been favorable for bringing in a good supply. Brocolis are all gone. Cauli- flowers are scarce and in considerable demand. Lettuce is quite scarce, and very little of good size is brought in. Celery is abundant and good. Spinach plentiful and cheap — the mild weather has materially advanced the crop. Squashes are scarce : autumnal marrows are about gone, and the principal supply is of winter crookneck, of which sort some fine ones have been brought in. Fruit. — The stock of apples is now mostly reduced to Baldwins and Russets : Greenings are nearly all gone, as well as the other kinds enumer- ated above, excepting the sweet: prices, however, remain the same as in December, notwitlistanding the superiority of tlie stock from being se- lected. Of pears, the principal stock is the Monsieur le Cure, a very good market variety, producing abundantly and of fair quality : some few lots of d'Arembergs, Easter beurres and St. Germains occasionally come to hand, which command good prices. Cranberries are remarkably high : those of good quality now command ^6 per bushel. Tomatoes are gone. Grapes are exceedingly scarce, and very few Malagas remain in mar- ket : our prices are entirely nominal. Lemons and oranges are abundant and cheap. Chestnuts about done for the season. Walnuts remain the same.— Jf. T., Boston, June 28th, 1843. HORTICULTURAL MEMORANDA FOR FEBRUARY. Grape Vines in some greenhouses, where a high temperature is kept up, will begin to swell their buds the middle of this month, and by the first of March will have broken into leaf. Tie up the shoots carefully as soon as the buds show signs of bursting, and, after they are once out, do not let the temperature fall too low during the night ; and in fine weather give an abundance of air. Those who have grape vines in graperies, are referred to Mr. Johnson's paper in our last volume for information. Peach trees in pots may be now brought into the grapery or greenhouse to forward their blooming. Strawberries in pots may be introduced into the greenhouse, on a back shelf near the glass. Scions of fruit trees may be cut now in case they were neglected last fall. Prepare labels and otlier work, preparatory to setting out trees, &c. in the spring. 80 Horticultural Memoranda. FLOAVER DEPARTMENT. Ccf7?if//!"-ee with our correspondent in relation to the reports ; we cannot believe tliat they are not interesting, even to distant subscribers. We have been a reader of Loudon's Gir- dener's Magazine, ever since its commencement, eighteen years, — and the reports of the London Horticultural Society, which have been given in its pages, we have always considered as one of its most interesting feat- ures. We believe also, that to a large majority of our readers, the reports of the Mass. Horticultural Society and the Penn. Horticultural Sofciety, are equally interesting. It is here indeed that persons at a distance from the city learn that a certain flower or fruit has actually flowered or fruited in this country, and is ready for sale, and the name of the exhibiter is often the nurseryman who has it for sale. Mr. Manning's great collection of fruits would never have become so well known, except tlirough our reports of the hundreds of varieties annually exhibited by him. And we offer this as an instance of the value which the reports generally possess. Even ouv correspondent we are sure will alloAv, that the names of many fruits which he has in his collection, and others which he may be desir- ous of procuring, were first seen in our reports. We repeat, that when amateurs and practical gardeners shall flood us with original articles, so that we shall have to encroach upon our reports, for room, we shall most assuredly curtail them till nothing is left but what is really valuable to every subscriber far and near. — Ed.] Art. IV. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Saturday, Feb. 4, 1843. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day — the President in the chair. J. N. E. Mann, of Dedham, was admitted a subscription member. Ad- journed two weeks. Feb. 18th. — An adjourned meeting of the Society — the President in the chair. The Secretary being absent, C. M. Hovey was appointed Secretary pro tern. The President, from the Committee on the distribution of seeds, re- ported that they had placed the same in the hands of Mr. W. E. Carter of the Botanic Garden, one of the Committee, with the understanding, that should any of them prove worthy of introduction into our gardens, seeds or plants of the same shall be placed at the disposal of the Society for distribution among the members ; and that Mr. Carter, under the di- rection of Prof. Gray, procure a suitable collection of seeds, including a variety of our native phloxes, to be sent to Prof Fischer of Botanic Gar- den of St, Petersburg, through the corresponding Secretary of the Soci- ety. Meeting adjourned two weeks. 118 Ft il Hall Morkei. Art. V. Fantuil Hall Market. Roots, Tubers, Sfc. Polaloes, new: ^, C per barrel, Chenangoes, ^ ^^^ (^^^^^j ^ { per barrel, . Common, | ^^^ ,,^^,,3,^ r^ . ^ S per barrel, . Eastports, ^ j,^^ ^,^,^^61, . -, t^ .- S per barrel. Nova Scotia, jP^^,,^^,,^,' Sweet, per bushel, . . Turnips, per bushel: Common, . . . Ruia IJaga, • . Onions : Keel, per bunch, . Yellow, per bushel, While, per bush. . Beets, per bushel, . Carrots, per bushel, Parsnips, per bushel. Salsify, per dozen roots Horseradish, per pound Garlic, per pound, . . Cabbages, Salads, 4'C. Cabbages, per dozen Drumheads, . . Savoys, . ■ • Red Dutch, . . Urocolis, each, . . Cauliflowers, each, . Lettuce, per head, . Celery, per root, Spinach, per peck, . Dandelions per half pk Cucumbers, (pickled) pr gal. Peppers (pickled) per gallon Pot and Sweet Herbs. Parsley, per half peck, . Sage, per pound, ... Marjorum, per bunch, . . Savory, per bunch, . . . Spearmint, green, per bunch From gets. 87: 30' 75 SO 1 2J 50 75 30 2 GO 37i 37.i ^ 1 00 30 50 75 12i 8 I2h $ CIS. 1 50 1 00 m Squashes and Pumpkins. Squashes, per pound : Autumnal Marrow, . . Canada Cror)kneck, . . Winter Crookneck, . . Pumpkins, each, . . . Fruits. Apples, dessert and cooking : Baldwins, per barrel, . . Greenings, per barrel, . . Russetts, per barrel, . . Spitzemberg, per barrel, . Common, per barrel, . . Blue Pearmains, per barrel, Seek-no-furiher, per barrel, Lady apple, per half peck. Common sweet, per bushel. Danvers sweet, per bushel, Dried apples, |)er lb , . . Pears, per half peck or doz : Winter Doyenne, per doz.. Monsieur Le Cure, pr doz.. Passe Colmar, per doz., . Beurred'Aremberg,prdoz. Messire Jean, per half pk., Chaumontel, per half pk., . Lewis, per half pk., . . . St. Germain, per dozen, . Baking, per bushel, . . . Quinces, per bushel, . . . Cranberries, per bushel, . . Tomatoe.s, per dozen, . . . Grapes, per pound : Malaga, white, . . . ■ Malaga, purple, . . . Pine-apples, each Lemons, per dozen, . • . 0""^-'SH:;rm.a, : : : Chesimts, per bushel, . ■ . Walnuts, per bushel, . • . Cocoaniits, per hund., . . . Almonds, per lb , . . . . English Walnuts, per pound,. Caslana per pound, . . . From gets. 2 00 2 00 1 75 1 73 75 1 30 2 50 1 00 1 00 3 23 25 374 I 30 30 50 23 lit 37^ 3 00 1 25 4 10 fi 4 To gets. 6 4. 12i 2 25 2 23 00 2 00 1 00 1 75 37i 37 50 2 00 6 00 30 17 25 30 3 50 1 37i 6 Remarks. — We had but just written out the remarks in our last num- ber when the cold weather set in with great severity ; and from that date to tlie present, it has continued extremely cold ; a great portion of the time scarcely thawing in the sun in the middle of the day. Corisiderable enow has fallen, and the ground now remains covered at least six inches Horlkidtural Memoranda. 119 m depth. For several years we do not think the month of Febrtiary has neen so steadily cold. Vegetables. — We have but little alteration to make in the market. The crop of potatoes in store is not large, but the continued supply by vessels from tlie East, h^? kept the market in a dull and inactive state; sweet potatoes are working off with the advance of the season, and com- mand higher ;:rices from the reduced stock. Turnips are a shade higher ; they come to hand of good size. Onions are tolerably plenty with the exception of whites, which are now nearly out of the market ; a few bush- els only remain. Beets are plentiful. Carrots and Parsnips the same as heretofore. Salsify is about gone. Horseradish comes to hand of fine size and good quality. Of Cabbages, there is a ready supply of drum- head, and others. But few Brocolis or Cauliflowers come to hand now. Lettuce is rather scarce, and commands a good price. No radishes have yet been seen. Celery continues plentiful. Spinach abundant. A few dandelions have been received. A small lot or two of green Spearmint commanded our prices. Squashes are reduced to small stock; Autumnal Marrows are about gone : the season was quite adverse to vines of all kinds. Fruit. — The market for fruit is more lively. Good apples have ad- vanced, and some sorts are all out of the market ; a few Greenings yet remain ; the principal supply is of Baldwins and Russets. Dried xA-pples are abundant. Peaio are all gone, with the exception of baking, and the prices for the latter have advanced. Quinces are all gone. Cranberries are exceedingly scarce, but they remain without alteration in price. A few grapes have been received by late arrivals, but not sufficient to alter our quotations. Lemons are very abundant; oranges plentiful. Some- thing is doing in walnuts, but prices have fallen off, from the large stock on hand.— Jl/. T., Boston, Feb. 27th, 1843. HORTICULTURAL MEMORANDA FOR MARCH. FRUIT DEPARTMEJJT. Grape Vines will now begin to push their buds rapidly, even in ordi- nary green-houses, where but little heat is kept up. In graperies, with fire-heat they will, ere this, have broken into leaf, and will soon be show- ing their flower-buds. In either case they should have attention, and as a paper on this subject will be found in a previous page, we defer any further remarks here. Peach Trees in pots brought into the green-house last month, will now be blooming, and will soon set their fruit; give an abundance of air. 120 Horticultural Mcmorauda. Grafting on the roots may now be performed ; a process recommended in a previous volume. Pruning orchards may com"ience the middle or latter part of the month, especially if tliere are a large number of trees. Currant and Gooseberry bushes nr^y he transplanted as soon as the frost is fairly out of the ground, su Uiat it can be easily worked. Fruit trees of all kinds may probably be safely transplanted the last of the montli, if the weather should be mild. Grape Vines of foreign kinds in the open ground should be uncovered the latter part of the month. Native varieties should be now pruned if omitted in tiie fall. Scions may now be cut for grafting. FLOWER DEPARTMENT. Camellias will now commence making a new growth, and will require more water at tlie roots, and frequent syringing at the top ; tliey should also be shaded from the sun, during the middle of the day. Inarching should now be performed, as it will soon be too late. Potting may also be done at this season; such as just show signs of growing should be shifted at once. Bases will be growing rapidly ; repot such as need it; water with liquid manure, and put in cuttings of some kinds. ^fizakas will be now in flower ; water freely at the roots. Cactuses will now be showing their buds ; such as require it should be repotted. Dahlias will now be objects of attention, especially where there is a large collection. If it is desirable to have a few plants for early blooming, the roots should be potted now. Tuberoses, Gladioluses, &c., should be potted now. Salvia Splendens should be increased by cuttings now, if fine plants are wanted for blooming in the open garden. Fuchsias may be increased by cuttings at this season. Hyacinth and tulip beds should be uncovered the latter part of the month if the weather is favorable. Ranunculuses may be successfully planted this month if the beds are properly prepared. Annual Jloiver-seeds ; continue to sow all rare and choice kinds in pots or boxes. Rhododendrons should be repotted this month. Verbenas should be repotted, if large and fine plants are wanted in pots. Tree prtonies in pots now in bloom should be liberally supplied with wa^er. Ericas should be propagated by cuttings this month. Plants in frames, such as Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Auriculas, &.C., should receive air in all good weather, and be covered up to exclude the frost at night. Erythrina crista galli. — Roots of this fine plant should now be potted and placed in a warm situation in the green-house. Geraniums in small pots, now showing their buds, should be repotted. THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE APRIL, 1843. ORIGINxVL COMMUNICATIONS. Art. 1. The London Horticultural Society's Catalogue of Fruits. 3d Edition. 1842 : With Notices of several of the varieties enumerated since the 2d Edition, and other Remarks. By the Editor. Sixteen years have now elapsed since the London Horti- cultural Society first issued its Catalogue oiFimis. In 1826, the collection of trees had so accumulated, from various sources, that it was deemed expedient to issue a catalogue of their names ; but no attempt was made to give any de- scription of the fruits, as the society had not then sufficient information to justify such a course. In 1831, however, the 2d edition of the catalogue was published, and during the ex- perience of five years upwards of 2000 varieties of fruit were described which had actually fruited in the society's garden, and from which the descriptions and characteristics of each variety were made up under the observing eye of Mr. Thomp- son, then, as well as now, at the head of the pomological de- partment. But the descriptions are not all. The detection of the immense number of synonyms under which the same varieties were cultivated in various nurseries and gardens in England and France, has rendered the catalogue one of the most important books to the fruit-cultivator which has ever been published. We have now before us the //uW edition of this catalogue, published in December last, and bringing down to that time all the information which has been collected during the ele- ven years which have passed since the second edition was issued. In the preface to the last edition it is stated, that VOL. IX. NO. IV. 16 122 London Horticultural Society a " since that time great progress has been made, in the soci- ety's garden, in the examination of frnits ; and much addi- tional experience as to their real qualities has been obtained. One result has been, that the garden committee resolved to discontinue the cultivation of a large number of inferior va- rieties ; being of opinion that it is useless to grow fruits of an inferior kind when varieties exist superior to them in quality and equal in all other respects." Under this resolution, the committee have designated, in this catalogue, 600 varieties of apples ; 139 varieties of cher- ries ; 200 varieties of gooseberries ; 82 varieties of grapes ; 150 varieties of peaches : 200 varieties of pears ; 150 vari- eties of plums, and 80 varieties of strawberries, — which have either proved synonyms, or kinds unworthy, from their inferior quality, of general cultivation. It is in this im- portant step that the third edition possesses such great me- rit over the second. In the latter, no other designation Avas made than that of first, second, and third-rate pears. In the former, all the third-rate varieties, and many that even rank second-rate, are marked as not deserving of cultivation. The great list of peaches in the 2d edition is reduced down to twenty-eight in the present catalogue. The immense list of strawberries, which have been described by Mr. Barnet, in a paper in the Horticultural Society's Transactions, is re- duced, even with the addition of several new sorts, as low as twenty-six : the Chili and green strawberries are discard- ed entirely. The same severe pruning has been applied to the apples, pears, and other fruits. Thus, after a period of sixteen years, we are beginning to reap the results of the accumulated experience of the society, and Ave doubt not that, should another catalogue appear ten years hence, ma- ny of those now considered secondary sorts will be discard- ed to make place for new and better kinds. Of the great benefits which the London Horticultural So- ciety has conferred upon the horticultural world, more par- ticularly in regard to pomological science, it is unnecessary for us to enlarge upon at this time. The evidence of its usefulness is before us ; and to those who may not have the opportunity or the means of procuring the Catalogue, to judge for themselves, we intend to offer such an abstract of this edition as will convey much of the information which it contains, in relation to all new fruits. We shall not, howev- er, follow the alphabetical method of the Catalogue itself, but Catalogue. Third Edition. 123 first take up the list of pears, and subsequently, from month to month, as our space will allow, devote a few pages to each of the other fruits. The society has not, we believe, erased scarcely the name of a single variety enumerated in the 2d edition. But it has adopted the mode of prefixing an 0 to all inferior fruits ; so that a single glance will at once show which are unworthy of cultivation. Had the name been expunged, a novice in fruits, selecting from a nurseryman's catalogue, might order those discarded sorts ; but should he consult this Catalogue, as it now is, as a guide, he would there find at once whether its qualities were inferior, and from thence be better enabled to make up his collection. The list of pears occupies nearly forty pages of small type, and those who wish to possess all the information must refer to the Catalogue. Our endeavor will be to select only such information as may be particularly new and inte- resting, more especially in regard to the fruits which have been proved since the publication of the 2d edition in 1831. Where synonyms are enumerated, they are mostly such as have been discovered since 1831. [The following abbreviations are adopted. T, table fruit ; K, kitchen ^uit ; S, standard ; W, wall.] Alpha. — Pale brown; obovat ; 2nd size ; buttery ; 2nd quality T ; ripens in October, S. A good bearer. A7ige. — ^Yellow and brown; turbinate; 3d size ; juicy 2nd quality T ; Sept. S. Flesh sugary but not fine. Ashton Town. — Yellow, green and brown ; roundish ; 3d size; buttery; 1st quality T; Oct. Nov. S. A good stand- ard pear ; bears abundantly. Belle et Bonne. — This well-known fruit continues to be an abundant bearer ; but it requires a good season to bring it to full perfection. Bergajnot, Hampden^ s. — Green; roundish; 1st size; but- tery; 2nd quahty T ; Aug. S. Has the character of ahardy blossom. Synonyms : Longueville, Fingal's, Scotch Ber- gamot, Ellanrioch. Belle Lucrative. — Pale yellow and red ; roundish ; 2nd size ; crispy ; 2nd quality T ; Oct. S. [This certainly does not seem to be the Belle Lucrative of Mr. Manning, Vol. HI. p. 33 ; and his Book of Fruits, p. 75, which he has des- cribed as "melting, sweet, juicy and fine-flavored." Dif- 124 Lo7idon Horticultural Society's ference of climate may, however, change the character of this fruit.] Bergamotte Cadette. — Pale green ; obovate ; 2nd size ; buttery ; 2nd quality T ; Oct. Jan. S. In the 2nd edition, this was stated to be unfit for the climate of England. The experience of ten years has shown that it is "a good bearer, some of the fruits ripening early, whilst others from the same tree remain sound for months."' Synonyms: Ogno- net (of some) Beauchamps, Beurre Beanchamps. Bergamotte Thouin. — Yellow and brown ; round ; 2nd size ; tender ; 2nd quality T ; Nov. S. Great bearer. Beurre d^ Amalis. — Green and brown ; obovate; 1st size; buttery ; 1st quality T ; Sept. S. Of the nature of the brown Beurre, but hardier. Beurre. d' Aremberg. Pale green and brown ; obovate ; 2nd size ; buttery ; 1st quality T ; Dec. Jan. W. Excellent, but has been confused with Glout Morceau ; leaves more deeply serrated than those of the latter ; fruit possesses a slight refreshing acidity in a warm season, where it can be produced on a standard. Beurre Crapaud. — Pale green ; obovate ; 2d size ; but- tery; 1st quality, T; Oct. Nov. S. Of the nature of a Doyenne. Beurre de Capiauniont. — Brown and red ; obovate ; 2d size; buttery; Isl quality, T; Oct. S. Synonym: Cala- basse Vass. Beurre Dlel. — The following are additional synonyms to those named in the 2d edition : — Melon de Knops, Beurre Magnifique, Beurre Incomparable, and Beurre Spence (of some). Beurre Ranee. — Synonym : Beurre de Flanders. Bcw're^ Easter. — This fine pear is recommended as one of the very best for a long and late supply. The following synonyms are added: — Doyenne d'Hiver Nouvelle, Beurre Roupe. Bezi d- Henri. — Green and yellow; roundish; 2d size; crispy ; 1st quality, K ; Oct. Dec. S. Excellent stewed — tree bears well. Bon Chretien., Flemish. — Yellow and brown ; obovate ; 2d size ; crispy ; 1st quality, K. ; Nov. Mar. S. Great bearer. Synonijm : Bon Chretien Turc. Bringeivood. — Yellow, brown and russet ; pyriform ; 2d size; buttery; 1st quality, T; Oct. Dec. S. Catalogue. Third Edition. 125 Broom Park.— Blown : roundish ; 2d size ; juicy ; 1st quality, T ; Jan. S. Partakes of the flavor of the melon and pine apple. Brougham. — Yellow and russet; roundish; 1st size ; buttery, T ; Nov. S. Great bearer. Camerllng d' Allemagne. — Yellow and russet ; roundish ; 2d size; buttery; 1st quality, T; Nov. S. Chantry Seedling. — Brown and russet ; roundish ; 2d size; buttery; 2d quality, T; Dec. Jan. S. Comte de Lamy. — Pale green and brown ; roundish ; ob- ovate ; 2d size; buttery; 1st quality, T; Oct. S. Very su- gary and rich. Synonyms : Marie Louise Nova^ Beurre Curte, Dingier, Marie Louise the Second. Crassane, Althorp. — Green and brown ; roundish ; 2d size ; buttery ; 1st quality, T ; Oct. Nov. S. A very ex- cellent standard pear ; good bearer. Dearborn's Seedling. — Pale yellow ; obovate ; 2d size ; buttery ; 1st quality, T ; Sept. S. Allied to the White Doyenne. [Mr. Thompson gives this a high character, (though no more than it deserves) in making it allied to the old St. Michael, one of the best pears ever raised.] Delices d' Hardenpont. — Brown and yellow ; obtuse ; py- ramidal ; 2d size ; buttery ; 1st quality, T ; Nov, W. and S, Tree rather tender. Double Philips. — Pale yellow; obovate: 1st size ; but- tery; 2d quality, T ; Sept. S. Doioler's SeedVuig — Green; oblong; 1st size; tender; 2d quality, T ; Nov. Feb. S. A good bearer. Downton. — Yellow and brown ; pyramidal ; 2d size ; jui- cy ; 2d quality, T ; Jan. Feb. S. A good bearer ; very juicy, but somewhat rough-flavored. Drapiez. — Pale green ; obovate ; 2d size ; tender ; 1st quality, T ; Oct. S Synomjm : Drapiez d'Ete. Due de Berri. — Pale green ; pyramidal ; 2d size ; juicy ; 2d quality, T; Oct. S. Very juicy. Du7imore. — Green, brown and russet; obovate; 1st size; buttery ; 1st quality, T ; Sept. S. Good bearer as a stand- ard ; in flavor equal to a brown Beurre. Duquesne d'Eti. — Pale green and brown ; 2d size ; but- tery ; 2d quality, T ; Sept. S. A great bearer. Elton. — Brown and red; oval; 2d size ; crispy; 1st quality, T; Sept. S. Generally without either cells or seeds. i26 London Hoj'ticultural Society's Emerald. — Pale green and brown ; obovate ; 2d size ; buttery: 1st quality, T; Nov. Dec. S. Bears resemblance to the Glout Morceau. Eyeicood. — Russet; oblate; 2d size; buttery; 1st quali- ty, T ; Oct. Nov. S. Tree vigorous and hardy. Flemish Beauty. — Russet and red ; obovate ; 1st size ; buttery; 1st quality, T; Sept. Oct. S. Must be gathered before it parts readily from the tree ; otherwise the fruit be- comes dry and musky. Synonyms : In addition to those in 2d edition, Josephine (of some), Bosc Sire, Bosch. Fondante d^ Automne. — Pale green ; obovate ; 2d size ; juicy; 1st quality, T; Sept. Oct. S. Exceedingly melting and sugary. Foiidante du Bois. — Green and yellow ; obovate ; 2d size; juicy ; 1st quality, T; Dec. Feb. S. Resembles the Passe Colmar; almost equal to it in quality, and keeps longer. Forelle. — Yellow, green and red ; obovate ; 2d size ; but- tery ; 1st quality, T; Nov. Jan. W and S. Beautifully speckled like a trout, flesh tender, fine. [This continues to be a fine fruit in Eugland, though cultivators have not suc- ceeded in growing it in this country.] Frederic of Prussia. — Broadly turbinate ; 2d size ; 1st quality, T; Oct. S. Garnon^s. — Yellow and green; oblong; 1st size; butte- ry; 2d quality, T ; Jan. S. Hardy and a good bearer. Gros Loijart. — Green and yellow ; irregular obovate ; 1st size ; crispy, K ; April, May, S. Flesh tough, but neither gritty nor austere. Jaminette. — Green and brown ; obovate : 2d size ; but- tery ; 2d quality, T; Nov. Jan. S. Good bearer. Synon- yms: Colmar Jaminette, Sabine (of the French), d'Aus- trasie, Beurre d'Austrasie, Josephine (of some), Harden- pont du Printemps (of some). Jargonelle (of the French). — The Sabine d'Ete is given as a synonym of this pear. Jeaji de Witte. — Brown and green ; obovate ; 2d size ; buttery ; 1st quality, T ; Jan. Feb. S. Of the nature of the Glout Morceau ; keeps longer, but is not quite so rich. Jeschil Armiidi. — Yellow, green and red ; pyriform ; 2d size : crispy ; 3d quality ; Aug. S. Striped as if painted with bright and dark red ; flesh rather dry. Catalogue. Third Edition. 127 Killer' s.~K\\ssQi] pyriform ; 2d size; buttery, T; Nov. S. King Edivard's. — Yellow and red; pyriform; 1st size; buttery ; 1st quality, T ; Sept. Oct. S. Tree vigorous ; fruit very handsome, bright shining red next the sun ; flesh sweet and tender. [We shall give an engraving of this pear in a future number, from a drawing of a fruit furnish- ed us by the late Mr. Manning.] Knight dliiver. — Brown ; obovate ; 1st size ; crispy, K: Jan. March. Synonym: Late Van Mons, Knight nouvelle. Leon le Clerc. — Yellow and russet ; obovate ; 1st size ; crispy, K ; Dec. April. Very different from the Van Mons Leon le Clerc. Lewis. — Green ; obovate ; 2d size ; buttery ; 1st quality, T; Nov. Jan. Excellent; sugary and melting. [This is a higher character than has been given to this variety by our cultivators, though Mr. Manning (Vol. HI, page 46) con- sidered it as " highly deserving of cultivation." Specimens that we have generally seen would not warrant us in plac- ing iV first rate: yet under favorable circumstances it may prove so. It is fully described in our Vol. I, page 91, by Mr. Downer, who was the first to bring it into notice. Louise Bo7ine (of Jersey). — Green, brown and red; pyri- form; first size; buttery; 1st quality, T; Oct. S. and W. Much superior to the old Louise Bonne; very handsome and good ; succeeds better as a standard than the Marie Louise, in the northern counties. Sytionym : Louise Bonne d'Avranches, Beurre or Bonne Louise d'Araudore, William the Fourth. Louise Reine. — Pale yellow ; obovate ; 1st size ; buttery ; 2d quality, T ; Oct. S. Madame. — Green, yellow and russet ; oblong ; 1st size ; tender ; 2d quality, T ; Oct. S. Mansuette. — Pale green and brown ; oblong-obovate ; 1st size; tender; 1st quality, T; Sept. Oct. S. One of the few good French pears that will bear as a standard, and as such this requires a favorable soil and situation. Syno- nym : Solitaire, Beurre de Semur. Moccas. — Pale brown; obovate; 2d size ; juicy; 1st quality, T ; Dec. S. Flavor resembles and almost equals that of the Knight's Monarch. 128 London Horticultural iSocietj/'s Mo}iarch, Knight'' s. — Yellow and brown ; 2d size ; but- tery ; 1st quality, T ; Jan. S. Hardy and a good bearer ; flavor very rich, slightly musky ; shoots of a yellowish hue ; those of a spurious wild variety are dark violet. Navet. — Pale green ; obovate; 1st size ; crispy: 2d rate ; Jan. S. Nelis, Winter. — Yellow and brown ; 2d size ; buttery ; 1st quality, T; Dec. Jan. W and S. Very excellent, though not large from a standard, and is highly deserving of a wall. Synonyms: Beurre de Malines, Milanese Cuvelier, Etour- neau. Neill. — Pale yellow; obovate; 1st size; buttery; 2d quality, T ; Sept. Oct. S. Great bearer ; fruit large and handsome. 'Synonym : Colmar Bosc. [The Beurre Niell of Mr. Manning (Vol. VIII, page 60) is probably the same.] Paradise d' Aiitomne. — Yellow and russet ; pyriform ; 1st size ; buttery; 1st quality, T ; Oct. Nov. S. Very like Beurre Bosc. Passe Colmar. — The following synonyms are added : — Gambler, Cellite, Colmar Dore, Beurre d'Argenson, Re- gentin. Pengethly. — Yellow, brown and russet ; obovate ; 2d size ; crispy ; 1st quality, T ; Nov. S. Poke. — Green and yellow ; obovate ; 2d size ; crispy ; 2d quality, T ; Oct. S. Pojnme, Poire. — Brown; oblate; 2d size; buttery; 1st quality, T ; Oct. Nov, S. Good bearer. Pri)icess Royal, Grooni's. — Green, yellow and brown ; roundish ; 2d size ; buttery ; 2d quality, T ; January, March, S. Powis Castle. — Green and brown ; 2d size : buttery, T ; Nov. S. Ramilies. — Yellow and russet; obovate; 1st size ; cris- py, K ; Nov. Feb. S. Extraordinary bearer. Rei7ie Caroline. — Green, brown and red; pyriform; 2d size ; crispy ; 2d quality, K ; Nov. Dec. S. Rondelet. — Pale brown and russet; oblate; 2d size; but- tery ; 1st quality, T ; Oct. S. Excellent. Ross. — Yellow, green and russet ; obovate ; 1st size ; but- tery ; 2d quality, T ; Jan. S. Rich and sugary, but rather gritty at the core. Saint Gall. — Russet and red ; round ; 2d size ; crispy ; a perry pear. Synonym : Poire au Vin. Catalogue. Third Edition. 129 Saint Germain^ Summer. — Brown and green ; obovate ; 2d size; juicy; 2d quality, T; Aug. S. Good bearer. Synonyms : Saint Germain de Martin, Short's Saint Ger- main. Saint Germain, Uvedale's. — The following are additional Synony^ns : De Tonneau, Belle de Jersey, Piper, Cham- bers's Large. Saint Lizin. — Pale yellow and brown ; pyriform ; 1st size; crispy, K ; Sept. Oct. S. Large handsome fruit, only fit for stewing : better bearer as a standard than Uvedale's Saint Germain. [In the 2d edition the Mons. le Cure was made a synonym- of this ; the error has since been discovered, and the name cancelled. The Bon Jardinier for 1841 has re- corded the same mistake.] Sarazin. — Brown ; oblong ; 2d size ; crispy ; 3d quality, K; April, July, W. Shobden Court. — Yellow and russet ; obovate ; 2d size ; buttery; 1st quality, T; Jan. Feb. S. Rich sugary flavor. Steven^ s Genesee. — Pale green and yellow; obovate; 1st size; buttery; 1st quality, T ; Oct. S. Resembles white Doyenne. [Another American seedling which ranks as a first-rate fruit. Mr. Manning introduced it into the vicinity of Boston, and probably sent scions to the London Hort. Soc. Described by him in Vol. VIII, p. 61.] StofeVs, — Green and brown ; obovate; 2d size ; crispy; 2d quality, T ; March, April, S. Suffolk Thoim. — Brown ; roundish ; 2d size ; buttery ; 1st quality, T; Oct. S. Flavor of Gansell's 6ergamot, the sort from which it was raised. Surpasse Meuris. — Resembles Figue de Naples. Thompson's. — Has proved an exceedingly rich variety. Urhaniste. — Has proved best from a standard. ValUe Franche. — A good bearer, but the tree inclines to canker. Vicar of Winkfield. — Green, brown and red ; pyriform , 1st size ; buttery ; 2d quality, T; Nov. Jan. S. Very large, tree vigorous and a good bearer. Synonyms : Monsieur le Cure, Dumas, Clion, and the Burgomeester pear of many cultivators around Boston, as described by Mr. Manning in Book of Fruits, No. 67, p. 90. [After much confusion in regard to this variety, the true name has at last been ascer- tained, and its synonyms detected.] VOL. IX. NO. IV. 17 130 London Horticultwal Society^ Wilkinson. — Pale green and red ; obovate ; 2d size ; but- tery ; 2d quality, T ; Oct. Nov. S. Yat. — Brown and russet ; pyriform ; 2d size ; tender ; 1st quality, T ; Sept. S. Abundant bearer, perfumed. The above embrace all the information in regard to the new varieties which have fruited in the garden since the publication of the 2d edition ; and also all the additional information in regard to others, previously enumerated. The list numbers 442 varieties ; but upwards of 200 of these have not yet been proved — thus reducing the num- ber, whose qualities have been ascertained to be deserving of growth, in the Society's garden, down to 242 varieties. Some 50 or more kinds are named, to which no numbers are prefixed : these are stated in a prefatory note to have " either proved false, have been lost, or for some other rea- son are no longer in the garden." The following is a list of the varieties designated in the Catalogue by a 0, and "having been ascertained to be of an inferior quality, are no longer cultivated in the Society's garden." Achan, Achan, black, Achan, ^een, Althorp, D'Amande, D'Amande d'Ete, Ambrette d'J liver, Ananas d'Etti, Ange, Angelique de Bordeaux, Anglcterre d'Hiver, Augiistliime, De Baloche, Belle de Bruxelles, Bellissime d'Automne, Benvie, Autumn, Benvie, Summer, Bcrgamot, Boughton, Bergamot, Early, Bergamot, Orange, Bergamot, Ormskirk, Bergamot, Powderham, Bergamot, Roche's, Bergamotte d'Automne, Bergamotte Mignonne, Bergamotte de Soulera, Bergler, Berlin, Beurre. de Bollwiller, Beurre, Buchanan's New Spring, Beurre Catherine, Beurr6 Duquesne, Bezi de Montigny, Blanquet gros, Blanquet a longue queue, Bon Chrtitien dor6, Bon Chretien d'Et6 Musqu6, Braddick, Briary Bush, Buffum's, Butterbirne, Gelbe Summer, Capucin Van Mons, Capucin, Cassolette, Chair a Dame Chat brule Chomel, Citron de Sirenz, Cluster, Colmar Sabine, Catalogue. Third Edition. 131 Conquete de Coloma, Coreless, Cramoisine, Cuisse Madame, De Cygne, Durimont, Decain d'Hiver, De Candolle, Domville, Double d'Automne, Doyenne Royale, Doyenn6 Santel6te, Duncain d'Hiver, Etrangl6e, Farrow Cow, Fin or d'Et6, Fondante de Novembre, Fondante rouge, Foret (Poire de) Forme de Rousselet, Francis the Second, Glout Morceau de Cambron, Golden Knap, Golden Knap, Bogmiln, Grand Dauphin, Green Pear of Laxton, Guerre (Poire de), Hativau de la Foret, Hocheimer Butterbirne, Holland Green, Honey, Hasthewaite, Imperiale a Feuilles de Chene, Imperatrice d'Et6, Imperial, Rickerby, Incommunicable, Inconnue Argentine, Inconnue Cheneau, Inconnue Cramoisine, Inconnue Lillie, Jallai Ballarde, Jalousie, James, Janet, red, Ket-herd, Kilwinning, Lady Lemon, Lansac, Laurence, Lowell's, Marceaux, De Marcenay, Marguerite la Grosse, Martin Sec, Martin Sec de Provence, Martin Sire, Marquise, Merveille d'Hiver, Messire Jean, Monsieur le Comte de Fresnel, Muscat Royal, De Naples, New Bridge, Nonholm Seedling, Nouvelle Dor6, D'CEuf, Orange Musqu^e, Orange Rouge, Orange Tulip6e, Passatutte, Passe Madeleine, Pastorale, Pastorale de Christ, Pendard, Pensionaire d'Hollande, Pinsel, Pitfour, Pollockshaw, De Pretre, Prince Frederick, Quaker, Riche Ronde, Rousseline, Rousselet Exquis gros, Rousselet Dor6, Rousselet Gros, Rousselet Hatif, Rousselet de Meester, Rousselet de Stuttgard, Royale d'Hiver, Sadley Jack, Saint Augustin, Saint Frangois, Saint Germain Braus, Saint Germain striped, Saint Hubert Rousset, Saint Pierre, Salviaii, Sapin, Sauch, Sauvage d'Angleterre, Scarlet, Sucr^e de Hoyersuerda, Sucr^e de Zurich, 132 Pomological Notices ; Summer Portujral, Tonge, Swan's Effir, Bergamot, Tonneau de Willem, Swan's Ego-, New, Vigne, Swan's Egg, St. John's, Warden, Brown, Sylvange, Waterloo, Tillington, Windsor, Winter, Tilton, Wormsley Grange. In our next Number, we shall notice the Catalogue of Plums. Art. II. Pomological Notices : or. Notices respecting new and superior fruits worthy of general cultivation. Des- cription of six varieties of pears of recent introduction. By the Editor. During the years 1841 and 1842, the late Mr. Manning furnished us with specimens of most of the new and recently introduced varieties of pears, which had been received by him from Dr. Van Mons of Belgium, the London Horticul- tural Society, and other sources, and which he had fruited and proved. From these specimens we made accurate drawings, and wrote out the descriptions as they are given in the following article. Though some of the varieties have been mentioned in our previous volumes by Mr. Manning, we shall venture to hope that the more detailed descrip- tions now given, together with the engravings of the fruits, will render the following interesting to all cultivators. Descriptions and drawings of other new varieties will ap- pear in future numbers. 1. DuNDAs. Van Mons. N. E. Fariner, Vol. XIV P- In the A^. E. Farmer, as above referred to, will be found a communication from Mr. W. Kenrick, accompanied with a list of the varieties of pears, scions of which were receiv- ed both by Mr. Manning and himself from Dr. Van Mons of Belgium, and the London Horticultural Society, in 1834 and 1835. During the summer of 1831 a valuable dona- tion of scions of fruits was made to the Mass. llort. Society, then just established, by Dr. Van Mons ; unfortunately these Or, Descriptions of New Fruits. 133 were delayed on their way, and did not arrive until Au- gust, when they were found entirely destroyed. In 1832 another package of scions containing 120 kinds was again sent to the Society, but although the letter announcing that they were forwarded was duly received by Gen. Dearborn, the president of the Society, the scions never came to hand ; they were probably lost on the way. Later, Messrs. Man- ning and Kenrick, anxious to secure the fine fruits produ- ced by Van Mons, made application to him direct for a re- newal of the scions ; and during the years 1834 and 1835 they were fortunate enough to receive ninety-three varie- ties, a large part of them in good condition. In this list will be found the variety now described. It first fruited with Mr. Manning in 1841, but in greater abundance and Dundas Pear. far better perfection in 1842. From him we received the fruit from which our drawing {fis^. 2) was made. It is a beautiful and first-rate variety. *S'i;:;e medium, two and a half inches long, and two and a half in diameter: Form^ obovate, large at the bottom end, and slightly tapering to the stem : Skin pale yellow, broadly suffused with very bright red on the sunny side ; the sur- face covered with greenish black specks, and a shade of 134 Pomological Notices ; russet at the base of the stem : Eye small and sunk in a deep circular cavity : Stem one inch long, stout, wrinkled, dark brown, and set upon the surface of the fruit : Flesh yellowish white, fine, melting, juicy and rich : Flavor per- fumed and excellent : Core small : Seeds medium size, dark brown. Ripe in October. This variety will be found noticed by Mr. Manning in our Vol. VIII, p. 60. Fine specimens of this pear and the Bouc- quia were exhibited before tlie Mass. Hort. Soc. last October. 2. BoucQUiA. Van Mons. Hort. Reg. Vol. II, p. 251. This fine pear, {fig. 3) which fruited for the first time in the Pomological Garden in 1841, and in greater perfection Boucquia Pear. last season, was originated by Dr. Van Mons, and the sci- ons were sent by him to Mr. Manning in the spring of 1836. A list of the whole collection, liberally furnished to Messrs. Manning and Kenrick, subsequently to those enumerated Or, Descriptions of New Fruits. 135 above, will be found in tbe Hort. Reg., as above referred to. It may be described as follows : — Size large, three inches long, and two and a half inches diameter: Form oval, largest in the middle, tapering to- wards each end : Skin pale yellow, nearly smooth, with pale red very generally diffused on the sunny side ; the sur- face covered with blackish specks and points and occasional patches of russet : Stem, one inch long, stout, pale brown, wrinkled, and inserted on one side in a very shallow cav- ity : Eye large, contracted, and but slightly sunk in a fur- rowed cavity : Flesh yellowish white, tender, melting, sweet and rich : Flavor high, perfumed, delicious : Co7'e medium size : Seeds dark brown, rather large. Ripe in October and November. 3. RosTiEZER. R. Manning, Book of Fruits, p. 72. The origin of this pear {fig- 4) is unknown to us. Mr. Manning has noticed it in Vol. VI, p. 89 ; and in his Book Rostiezer Pear. of Fruits he states that his tree came from Messrs. Baumann of BoUwiller. We do not, however, find it in their Cata- logue for 1842. It is an excellent early fall pear. Size medium, two inches long, one and three quarters in diameter : Form oblong, inclining to pyriform, tapering 136 Pomological Notices ; to a point at the stem : Skin yellowish russety green, of a dull red on the sunny side, and covered more or less with whitish spots : Stem very long, one and one half inches, slender, surface irregular, inserted on one side with a slight cavity beneath : Eye rather large, open, and moderately sunk : Flesh coarse, yellowish, very melting and sweet : Flavor delicious, with a rich perfume : Core small, slightly gritty : Seeds brown. Ripe in August and September. 4. Hampden Bergamot. London Hort. Society's Cata- logue. 3d edition. Bergamotte d'Angleterre, "1 Longueville, I London Hort. Soc. CaL Scotch Bergamot, } 3^ Edition. t nigalls, I EUaiiriocli. J This pear, {fig. 5) which is noticed in a previous page, is not so handsome a fruit as some others of its season, but Hampden Bergamot Pear. is notwithstanding an excellent and most desirable variety. Size large, two and three quarter inches long, and two and one half inches in diameter : Form roundish, tapering Or, Descriptions of New Fruits. 137 to the stem, and slightly from the middle to the eye : Skin pale yellowish green, interspersed with small dark-green points, occasionally with some patches of russet and black blotches : Stem medium length, three quarters of an inch, rather slender, and inserted in a shallow cavity : Eye small, open, shghtly sunk : Flesh very fine, white, buttery and sweet : Flavor pleasant and rich : Core small : Seeds dark brown. Ripe in August and September. 5. De Louvain (Poire). Baumann's Catalog%ie for 1842. London Hort. Soc. Cat. Lindley's Guide to the Or- chard. In the spring of 1837 we received from Messrs. Baumann of Bollwiller a small number of dwarf pear trees : these were set out in an unfavorable spot, and did not succeed until they were removed in 1839. Since then they have grown vigorously and several of them have produced fruit. De Louvain Pear. Among them, one under the above name, of which the annexed drawing (^^.6) is a correct representation. It corres- ponds exactly with the description given by Lindley in the VOL. IX. NO, IV. 18 138 Pomological Notices : work above quoted. The name is included in the London Hort. Soc. Catalogue^ but without any remarks, though Lindley states that it was " one of those cuhivated in the Chiswick garden as an open standard."' Only three fruits ripened with us, as the tree is yet small ; but these were sufficient to judge of its merits, which are first-rate. Size medium, two and one half inches long, and two inches in diameter: Form obovate, inclining to pyriform, terminating at the stem with a fleshy protuberance : Skin smooth, uneven, light yellow, with considerable russet on the sunny side, the surface covered with brownish points : Stem short, three quarters of an inch, stout, inserted ob- liquely by a fleshy junction with the fruit: Eye rather large, open, and sunk in a very contracted cavity : Flesh yellowish white, fine, melting, juicy and rich : Flavor musky, perfumed, and delicious : Core medium size : Seeds large. Ripe in October, and keeps into November. 6. Beurrf/ Bosc. London Hort. Society's Catalogue. Hd edition. Calabasse Bosc, ^ Beurrt- d'Yelle (of some), f London Hort. Soc. Cat. Marianne Nouvelle, t 3d Edition. Bosc's Flaschenbirne. ^ No pear of late introduction stands higher than the Beurre Bosc {Jig-7, p. 139). Of large size, handsome appearance, and first-rate qualities, it promises to be one of the best pears of its season. Mr. Manning has fruited itfor four or five years, and the last season in fine perfection. Our drawing is from a specimen of 1842. Mr. Thompson has described this variety in the Gard. Chronicle for 1842, p. 868, where he states that the tree is vigorous and produces its fruit singly — that is, not in clusters from the same bud, as with most kinds; on this account the trees have the appearance of having been thinned. The flowers of this variety, Mr. Thompson also remarks, are remarkable for the long ellip- tical form of the petals, so narrow that they do not touch each other when expanded. ySize very large, four inches long and three inches in diameter : Form, pyramidal or pyriform, round at the base, suddenly contracted above the middle, and from thence Or. Descriptions of New Fruits, 139 gradually tapering towards the stem : Skin smooth, bright cinnamon russet all over, with occasional rough patches of a darker shade, and a few scattered blackish dots : Stem long, one and one half inches, curved, rather slender, light brown : Eye small, closed, and but slightly sunk : Flesh yellowish white, fine, sugary, melting and buttery : Flavor rich, with a slight cinnamon perfume: Core medium size : Seeds medium size, dark brown. Ripe in October. Beurre Bosc Pear. All these varieties may be strongly recommended for cul- tivation in every choice collection of pears. 140 Russell nu Cryptogamoiis Plants. Art. 111. Some Cryptogamous Plants gathered in the vi- cinity of * Kearsarge Mowitain^ New Hampshire : with observations. By John Lewks Russell, A. AS. Correspond- ing member of the Mass. Hort. Soc. &:c. &c. Although the minuter forms of vegetation have httle to recommend them to general notice, so few of them entering into the utilitarian notions of hfe, yet to the curious inqui- rer, they present constant subjects for research and reflec- tion. In no mean degree, however, do the mosses and hch- ens contribute to the harmonious keeping and picturesque elegance of noithern scenery : and many a forest tree, dark rock and beetling cliff would present not half their attrac- tions were they divested of those numerous, grotesque and peculiar vegetable parasites Avhich, in tlieir turn, minister to some great end in the economy of nature. The old, grey flaunting usnea, as it hangs from the broad-spreading limbs of some noble pine, or droops in melancholy, sombre aspect from trees uptorn by the wind and half decayed ; the spark- ling, emerald-green mosses, beneath the spray of the cata- ract, with feathery ferns und(!r which the timid bird hides its nest, — are not unnoticed in the poet's song ; while the humbler things of creation, to the truly observant, furnish the most interesting sources of refined delight. As we ascend mountain elevations,the cryptogamic vege- tation grows more abundant as the phenogamous forms dis- appear. Subsisting on the surfaces of bare rocks, several species of lichens serve to convert, by their growth and de- cay the particles of stone, be they calcareous or silicious, into a scanty soil, adapted for a succession of other species. Beds of sphagna act as sponges, absorbing every floating vapor, or catching the drops of moisture as they roll above them in fleecy clouds; while far down the mountain-side, and miles away from its source, some noble stream is con- verted into the servant of man. who, little thinking that to such an humble ministry he is indebted, asks in his pre- sumptuous ignorance of the uses of such trifles on which • For some previous remarks, see Volume VI, p. 333, of this Maga- zine, in which article for Milk read Mink, and for Warren read Warner. And on p. 335, for Grophinu, read Gyrophora, and for Warren read Warner. Russell on Crypto gamous Plants. 141 nature employs her energy, and furnishes with matchless and exquisite contrivances these lowly flowers, which bloom " unseen." Nor surely is it necessary to find out the baser use to which every thing can be applied : that the stars of the earth are scattered with a profusion Itke that of the stars of the sky, doth show, in their abundance and beauty, and in harmonious unison, the consummate work- manship of the " Hand Divine." Musci (Mosses). Volytricimm juniperinum. Willd : {^Juniper-leaved Hair moss) [cit : HookerJ English Flora. Vol. V. Part 1, p. 49. Muscologia Britannica, 2d Edition, p. 45, Tab. X. ! Orthotrichuni crispum. Hedw : {Curled-leaved bristle moss.) [cit. Hook.] Eng. PI. ]. c. p. 56. Muse. Brit. &c. 1. c. Tab. XXI. On the bark of various kinds of trees. Drtimmondia proi'epens. Hook. Synonyms. Anaden- tium ])rorepens ! Palisot de Beauvais. [cit. Bridel.] Spe- cies Muse. 1. p. 41. Gymnostomura prorepens ! Hedw. Bark of trees ; rather common. Bfyum turbindtum. Swartz. [cit. Hook] Eng. Fl. 1. c. p 61. Muse. Brit. &c. 1. c. Tab. XXIX ! A pretty spe- cies with bright fruit-stalks, growing on wet mountainous places. All the Brya are remarkable for their beauty, and rank as gems among our northern mosses. LicHENEs (Lichens). Cetrdria lacunosa. — Acharius's Synopsis Lichetium, &c. p. 227. Growing on sprigs of spruce, and occurring with apothecia (seed-like disks, in which are found the propa- gating germs). Evernia vulpina. — Ach. Syn. p. 245. A very common species of lichen, rare with apothecia in the vicinity of Bos- ton, but occurring in this condition at the subalpine station above noticed. Endocdrpon smaragddtum. — Ach. Syn. p. 98. Eng. Fl. 1. c. p. 158, This minute lichen, whose fronds are scarcely larger than a pin's head, is found growing on gneiss rocks, which occur among the granite and primitive for- mations. i42 jS'eiv Pkmts of New England. Art. IV. Descriptions of several New Plants of New England. By Edward Tuckerman, Jr.. Schenecta- dy," N. Y. Salix Cutler'x (mihi) prostrate, leaves elliptical, acute both ways, glandular-toothed, smooth above, beneath glaucous, with a few scattered hairs at the margin (the younger leaves silky-pubescent), aments on foot-stalks, long-cylindrical compact, capsules ovate-conical, on short foot-stalks, smooth : scales obovate, black silky, style of middle size, stigma two-cleft, the lobes at length also cleft. S. retusa Oakes ! herb., S. i[7>a ursi Ph. ^ Torr. Catal. 1840., Oakes ! PI. N. Eng. in Hov. Mag. vol. 7., Barratt in Notes of a Tour, &c. p. 8., Oakes ! Catal. Verm. p. 25. Hab. White Mountains. Cutler ! &.c. The leaves occur also, more rarely, obovate and obtuse. That our willow is not the S. C^va ursi of Pursh would appear from his des- cription. It may be safely said that there is not a charac- ter given in that description by which the species may be distinguished from ^S*. retusa : from which, on the other hand, our plant is certainly distinct. It was first found by our eminent botanist Dr. Cutler, and still exists in his herb- arium now included in that of Mr. Oakes. /S. C/^va ursi was described from garden specimens of a plant said to have been brought from Labrador. S. retusa is described by Sir Wm. Hooker in his Flora of Boreal America, but S. U^va. ursi does not seem to have been known to that distinguished author. Juncns Greme'i (Oakes & Tuckerm.) Culm erect, rigid, subcompressed, striate naked, the base included by the sheaths of the leaves, leaves rigid, linear-channelled, subu- late-pointed, scarcely surpassing the middle of the culm, anthela terminal composite with few rays, having a bract at the base surpassing the culm, rays erect, branches co- rymbose many-flowered, sepals oblong, ovate, acute mu- cronate scarious, capsule ovate-elliptical, mucronate shorter than the sepals. Hab. Sands. Tewksbury, B. D. Greene, Esq. Ipswich, Plymouth, W. Oakes, Esq. Also, Cam- bridge, Needham. &c. Resembles /. squarrosus, a foreign . species, but very distinct. New Plants of New England. 143 kgrostis Pickermgn (mihi) culm erect, leaves flat linear, panicle ovate diffuse, branches whorled erectish scabrous, glumes almost equal, subbidentate, the inferior mucronate, the superior acute almost smooth, the inferior palea ovate- lanceolate, acute or erose, punctatulate, nerved, a little pilose at the base, the superior exactly ovate obtuse nerve- less, awn from the middle, twice exceeding the flower. Hab. White Mountains. Named after Dr. Pickering, who discovered this grass at the White Mountains. A. concmna (mihi) dwarfish erect, leaves filiform- setaceous, panicle ovate spreading smooth, glumes unequal, inferior acute mucronate somewhat scabrous at the tip, su- perior acute smooth, superior palea scarcely present, inferi- or smooth a little pilose at the base, with an awn from below the middle, exceeding the flower. Hab. White Mountains. Quite distinct from A. alpina, A. rupestris, and A. canina. A. Torrey'i (mihi) crespitose, leaves short erect linear striate, and with the sheaths smooth, panicle ovate spread- ing at length divaricate scabrous, glumes very unequal mucronate, the inferior one very scabrous on the keel, palea much shorter than the glumes with a bent awn twice ex- ceeding the flower, from about the middle of the keel. Trichodium montanum Torr. ! in lift. Hab. White Moun- tains, dry rocks ; clifls of the Notch. I had followed Dr. Torrey, though against my own opinion, in calling this a variety of A. laxiflora, but this seems to me now an incor- rect view. The divaricate panicle, larger flowers, and awn, here habitual, — no less than the csespitose habit, and pecu- liar station, on dry rocks ^ seem to denote this grass a species. The name montanam of Torrey cannot be retain- ed, there being already an ylgrostis so named. A. NovcB A'nglicB (mihi) culm erect stout green strongly striate, leaves flat broadl}^ linear very scabrous ; sheaths smooth ; panicle oblong lax, branches whorled erectish scabrous; glumes large green nearly equal, lanceolate, acu- minate scabrous, about a line and a half long, palea nearly equalling the superior glume. A stout coarse grass of mountain brooks and wet rocks in the Notch of the White Mountains. It is wholly different from our other New- England species, A. laxiflora and A. scabra ; but the flow- ers agree so nearly with those of A. altissima, a southern species, that I have thought it was a variety of that plant. It differs however strikingly in habit. 144 New Plants of New England. Pba modesta (mihi) culm about a span high, branched at the base, glabrous, leaves linear, scabrous above, sheaths nearly glabrou€, ligiile conspicuous truncate, panicle strict at length oblong 6-9 inches long, branches solitary, filiform, branched, and as well as the rhachis scabrous ; spikelets scattered on short foot-stalks, 2-flowered ; glumes unequal, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, erose, glabrous ; inferior floret larger; sessile, lanceolate, keel of the inferior palea a little scabrous towards the tip, — with a pedicel at its interior base supporting another small floret ; seed ovate, fuscous. Poa? unitiora, Muhl. Gram. p. 151. (exdescr.) Hab. Wet margins of Fresh Pond Brook ; Cambridge. The specimen of Muhlenberg, sent him, it would seem, from New Eng- land, was imperfect, and he has mentioned the plant as one-flowered. It seems a distinct species. In a large set of specimens, I have seen no variation from the above characters. Votaniogkon pulcher (mihi) — leaves all on foot-stalks ; submersed leaves lanceolate, floating coriaceous ovate, cordate, oftener longer than the foot-stalks ; nuts ventri- cose, lunate, sharply keeled on the back. P. nutans, Pigcl. Fl. Boston. Hab. Slow-flowing streams. Stoneham. Tl'he character taken from the presence or absence of floating (coriaceous) leaves is now considered accidental by several investigators of these plants. Even P. lucens has been found to occur with floating leaves. To this species, though ordinarily so very different, our plant should perhaps be considered nearest; as it possesses also the lunate-keeled fruit which distinguish P. lucens and P. prselongusfrom P. natans, &c. The fruit differs however from that of P. lucens, and the beautifully cordate large floating leaves dis- tinguish our species. P. Claytonn (mihi) submersed leaves, membranaceous, long, narrow-lincar-undulate at the margins and very mi- nutely spinulose-scabrous, scarcely attenuate at the base, sessile ; floating leaves on rather short foot-stalks, oblong or lanceolate, scarcely coriaceous (nerves conspicuous only against the light), stem branched. P. fluitans, Bigel. Fl. Bost. Hab. Slow flowing waters. Roxbury. Seems to differ full as much from P. heterophyllus as from P. fliii- tans. In a fine collection of the European species, there is no one that presents the characters of our plant, which seems to have been first noticed by Clayton. Remarks on Certain Plowering Plants. 145 P. lucens. Bigel. Fl. Bost. Occurs ia Fresh Pond, Cam- bridge ; and is imdistinguishable from the foreign plant. It is distinguished from P. prselongus by its petiolate leaves ; those of the former being sessile, amplexicaul and strikingly- waved at the margin. P. prselongus is also an inhabitant of Fresh Pond. Sir W. J. Hooker, in his Flora of Boreal America, 2, 172, remarks that he has P. prselongus from Boston, but has never received P. lucens from America. He therefore considers that the P. lucens of Torrey, (^Fl. 1, 197) is probably P. prselongus. This view is adopted by Dr. Torrey, in his recent l>\ew York Catalogue, where the '• P. lucens of American botanists," is referred without doubt to P. prselongus. The P. lucens of our Flora is, however, as above remarked, the true plant; while we have also P. prselongus, which was not noticed by Bigelow. Mr. Oakes retains P. lucens, in his Catalogue of the Ver- mont Flora. P. Robbinsn Oakes. Occurs abundantly in Fresh Pond. Aspidium Bobttn (mi?ii) — rather large, outline oblong, stripe chaffy : frond smooth ; somewhat 3-pinnate ; pm- nules oblong-ovate, acutish, pinatified : segments sharply toothed, teeth mucronate : sori rather small, distinct some- what reniform. Nephrodium cristatum, Michx7 Fl. 2, 2m.— Hah. Rocky Woods, Lowell. W. Boott, Esq. A. cristatum, Sw. — To this it seems to me our A. lan- castriense must be referred. Willdenow remarks under A. cristatum, that he has Pennsylvanian specimens. Avhich agree perfectly with the European plant. He had seen no specimens of A. lancastriense. I can find nothing to dis- tinguish our Massachusetts plant from English specimens of A. cristatum. From this however the plant above des- cribed as new. seems wholly distinct. Art. y. Some Remarks on the Flowering of the Astrapce^a Wall'ichW and viscbsa. By .T. W. Paulsen, formerly gar- dener to J. W. Perry. Esq. Brooklyn, New York. I send you a few remarks on the Astrapse'aWallichn and viscosa, which I made two years ago, with the intention of VOL. IX. NO. IV. 19 146 Remarks on Certain Flou-ering Plants. sending them to you, but which I have, until now, neg- lected; if yon think them worthy of a place, you are wel- come to them. It is now, I beheve, generally asserted in this country, that the Astrapae'a Wallichu is not deserving of the praise formerly bestowed upon it. Many cultivators accuse this splendid plant of a too rapid growth, coarse foliage, and liiding its dowers among the branches. My opinion is with Dr. Uallich, that this plant is a most magnificent produc- tion of nature, as well lor luxuriance of its growth, as for its singular and gorgeous tiowers. But I think the evident reason of itsbeingsoundervalued is, because itisaplant by no means adapted for general cultivation, for the following reasons : The greatest beauty of this plant consists in large and tall specimens, say from 14 to 20 feet high. From the month of November to February it requires, to flower well, a very high and moist temperature; few hot-houses, of course, are ample enough, in this country, to do justice to this plant in regard to room. But, from what I have seen of a very large and fme specimen, formerly under my care at Mr. Perry's, I am confident, that the Astrapa^'a, in its native place, must present a gorgeous and magnificent appearance. In my humble opinion, 1 think the uninitiated are some- times far safer judges to guide us in regard to the striking appearance of plants, than some of the greatest connoi- seurs ; for I found no other tree so universally admired, in Mr. Perry's large palm-house, as the Astrapa^'a. The fault of its flowers being hid, I think, can only be advanced by individuals who never saw a large specimen of this species in flower ; because the scmi-globnlar blossoms hanging on long stems from underneath the branches, so far from being hid, seem to me as if hung there by the kind hand of the Creator, to surprise the eye with their exceeding brilliancy. Another feature in the Astrapse^a, which appears to me to make it only the more interesting, is, that the flowers can- not be perceived until you are directly underneath the tree. From my own observation, I feel assured, the tree in its native place presents a splendid crown, and a perfect cano- py of dense foliage. Now judge of the delightful surprise of an individual, taking refuge under it against the burning rays of a vertical sun, at beholding its bright blossoms, like so many stars, welcoming him under its ample shade. Considering the subject in this light, I think the raptures of Remarks on Certain Floiocring Plants. 147 Dr. Wallich, on discovering this plant, may well be conceived. At John B. Smith Esqr's sale of hot-honse plants in Philadelphia, in 1839, I pnrchased, among others, a plant of Astrapse'a viscosa, which Mr. Smith, at that time, stated to me had been raised from seed received from Madagascar, and was the only plant of the kind in his possession. It had never yet flowered with him. I searched Paxton's Mag. of Botany, Loudon's Encydopadia., &c. but all I found was that A. Wallich/i was the only one of the species deserving of cultivation. Having planted out the Astrapse^a viscosa in an open border of the palm-house, it made a sur- prising growth, and by 1842 it had attained the height of about twenty feet, and formed quite a handsome tree. The foliage is not near so large as Wallichti', but neat. As a singular feature regarding this plant, I have to remark, that all the different soft-wooded parts, leaves included, emit in the shape of dew-drops a humid substance resembling very much sweet oil. In the month of January, 1841, it flowered for the first time with me, and I was most agreeably sur- prised, as well by the beauty of the fl.owers as by the con- trast they formed when compared with A. Wallichii. The following appeared to me the most striking diflerences : — 1. Astrapse'a viscosa forms strong erect-growing flower-stems, eight inches long, about six flower-stems being equally dis- tributed on the head of every branch. 2. The flower is perfectly globular, and so admirably are the little flowers arranged, that not the smallest vacancy can be conceived underneath the flower-stem. The color of the flower is white, with crimson in the centre, and emits, not like AVal- lichu, a foetid, but a singular, medicinal odor. The little individual flowers, although strongly resembling Wallichi/, are of a more compact shape. This plant flowered very freely again in 1842, and presented truly a very beautiful appearance. In conclusion, I cannot help remarking, that these two splendid species furnish us with a beautiful illustration of the inexhaustible diversity of the great Creator in all his works, and how flowers seem particularly destined by Ilim to delight and el(>vate tiie human race. In ilio Astrap<£^a Wallichii, where the flower-stems are pendant, the shape of the flower is semi-globular, turning its whole surface to- wards the earth. On the other hand, in Astrapse'a viscosa. 148 Floricidtvral and Botanical Notices. where the tree grows very tall, and the flower-stems are long and erect-growing, the flower is perfectly globular, turning in this manner likewise a great part of its surface towards the earth, which would be impossible, if it had been semi-globular, like Wallich//. It strikes me forcibly, that the flowers, so differently shaped, seem to be purposely formed for one and the same end, namely — to admit of their being seen to equal advantage. I believe both these plants, which have induced these re- marks, are now in the possession of S. Van Rensselaer, Esq. at Albany. As I believe the Astrapse^a viscosa to be rare, and never having seen any notice of its having flow- ered in any other collection, I subjoin, for the gratification of botanists, the following description : — Astrapa^^a luscosa — MonadelphiaDodecandria/vinn. Byttncriaceffi Lincll. Trun- cus lignosus cum ramis semi-verticillatis, foliis trilobis, du- plicatis — dentatis, viscosis. Petiolus viscosus unum pedem longus est. Flos umbellatus, sphasrocephalus, fragrans, cum communi pedunculo erecto viscido. Pedicelli pubes- centes sunt. Flosculus proprius cum corolla Eequali, penta- petula obtusangulare. Perianthium pentapetalum est. — Yours respectfully, J. W. Paulsen, N. York, March, 1842. [It M'ill be seen, by an advertisement, that Mr. Paulsen is in want of a situation. He had the charge of Mr. Perry's fine collection at Brooklyn, N. Y., and from the excellent condition of his plants, we can recommend him to any gentleman in want of a good gardener, who will do justice to the plants under his care. — Ed.] Art. VI. Floricultural and Botanical Notices of New Plants, figured in foreign periodicals ; ivith Remarks on those recentbj introduced to, or originated in, American gardens, and additional inform,ation ujjon plants already in cultivation. Floricultural and Botanical Intelligence. Nero Camellias. The production of new and remarkable varieties of the ca- mellia is on the increase both in this country and in Europe, and it will not be many years before a larger part of those now in our collections will be discarded for the more beau- tiful and perfect kinds of recent origin. The Abbe Berlese's Floricultiiral and Botanical Notices. 149 Iconography of the Camellia is now nearly completed, and upwards of two hundred varieties have already been figured comprising, among those last published, several very splendid flowers, raised by amateur cultivators in Italy. We shall take an early opportunity to name those most worthy of introduction, and give some description of the flowers. Some elegant new seedlings produced by our amateur cultivators and nurserymen have recently ilowered for the first time, and promise to rival any that have been raised. One of the best of these was grown in Philadelphia by Mr. J. B. Smith, of whose success in raising fine seedlings we have before spoken (Vol. VIII, p. 41). Our correspondent, Mr. P. Mackenzie, who owns the stock, and in whose col- lection it flowered, thus speaks of it : — Camellia japonica, var. Stiles's Perfection. I have the pleasure of informing you of a very fine camellia I exhibi- ted at the last meeting of our Horticultural Society. I have named it Stiles's Perfection, in honor of Mrs. Benja- min Stiles of this city, a great admirer and patron of horti- culture. It is a vigorous shrub : leaves four inches long, two and a half inches wide, ovate, oblong, dentate, acumi- nate, of a clear shining green : flower four inches in diam- eter, very double, regular, of a deep cherry red ; petals emarginate, gracefully imbricated from the centre to the circumference, and numerous. It is a very fine variety. The credit of its growth is due to J. B. Smith, Esq., of whom I purchased the plant on mere chance, in 1838, at which time it was about eight inches high, with a single bud upon the top, but without strength to open it. The appearance of the bud on cutting it open was so favorable that I purchased it. I shall offer it for sale in the spring of 1844.— P. Mackenzie, Philadelphia, March 3, 1843. Upon this, and another seedling raised by Mr. Sherwood, our old "Amateur" correspondent thus remarks: Our monthly meetings of the Horticultural Society are still crowded, and the exhibitions interesting, both from the rarity of many of the plants, as well as their fine appear- ance and culture. Mr. Mackenzie exhibited at the last meeting a very fine seedling camellia (Stiles's Perfection), raised by Jolin B. Smith. Color a dark cherry, unique in its kind, a fine full regular flower, four inches in diameter ; leaves a dark shin- 150 Floi'iadtural and BokiJiical Notices. ing green, ovate, acuminate, serrate ; habit of the plant fine and bushy. John Sherwood, Laurel-hill, exhibited one the other day to the committee, which I have seen, certainly the best of its kind — a beautiful, full and perfect white flower, with round petals, blotched and striped with pink ; upwards of three inches diameter ; leaves shining green, almost retic- ulated. Mr. Sherwood states that it is a seedling from the King. The above seedlings, perfect in their kind, will be hail- ed with delight by every amateur of that beautiful and del- icate flower, the camellia, and add two more to the list that our gardeners and amateurs have produced ; and in- stead of importing the trash that we have lately been doing, will supply Europe with seedlings equal to the best of the old Chinese kinds. Many of the varieties that now swell the nurserymen's catalogues and the collections of amateurs, will be converted into stocks, the only thing they were ever fit for. However, I must make some exceptions, for I saw at Mr. Mackenzie's yesterday, a beautiful new variety, Henry Favre, in flower — a delicate rose, a perfect flower, and well worthy a place in every collection. — An Avialeitr, Philadelphia. 'March, 1843. In Washington some fine seedlings have lately flowered. Our correspondent, Mr. Pierce, informs us that as soon as his camellias have done flowering, he shall furnish us with an account of some of his seedlings. C. var. Pierceii has not bloomed this year, but Mr. Pierce is making exertions to increase it : it is not inferior to any of the best whites he has ever seen. C. var. Laura Coatcsis a fine bouquet white, and well worth cultivation. Several other seedlings are well worth notice. — Yours, J. Pierce, Washington, D. C, February, 1843. Dr. Gunnell has had some fine seedlings in flower, among them a beautiful white variety, and others of much merit. Baltimore is noted for having produced two very fine seedling camellias last season — a pure white, and a white delicately shaded with rose, both of the highest character. She adds to her reputation this year by originating another very fine variety, but of quite a different color and charac- ter from tlie two raised last season. Our correspondent has kindlv promised to send us descriptions of each of these shortlV.— ^. C. W. Baltimore, March, 1843. Foreign Notices. 151 In the collection of Mr. Wilder, two seedlings have flow- ered which were produced from the same pod of seed as the C var. Wilderii, and they partake much of the character of that variety ; they are not so regular in the outline, nor are the petals so symmetrically arranged : but they are, notwith- standing, very fine additions. It is remarkable that three seeds from one pod, and that pod from a plant of the old single red, impregnated with eclipse, should each produce such beautiful varieties. AmaryUidkce^. COBU'RGIA versicolor W. Herbert Changeable Coburgia. A green-house bulb, growing two and a half feet high ; with orange and crimson flowers ; appearing in June and July ; a native of Peru ; increased by offsets ; cultivated in loam and rotten dung. But. Reg. IS42, t. 66. A "beautiful plant," throwing up a stem about two feet high, terminated with a cluster of six to eight drooping tu- bular flowers, at first orange, and changing to a ricli crim- son, the limb margined with green. The treatment is simi- lar to that of the amaryllis ; but the bulbs are rather shy of flowering. They should be potted early in the spring, and encouraged to make a vigorous growth before midsum- mer, when the flower generally appears. After blooming, the bulbs should be placed out of the reach of frost during winter. A rich loam, mixed with perfectly rotten dung and leaves is the proper soil, and the neck of the bulbs should be kept above the ground. (^Bot. Reg. Dec.) MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Art. I. — Foreign JK'btices. ENGLAND. The White JVice Grape. — At a late meeting of the London Horticultu- ral Society, Mr. J. Roberts, gardener to M. Wilson, Esq. exhibited among other grapes bunches of the White Nice weighing four pounds three oun- ces ; being about sixteen inches in length, and as much in width across tlie shoulders : this grape is usually considered of little value, but when well grown, and allowed to hang upon the vine until thoroughly ripe, at whicli time the berries are of a bright amber color, it is one of the best kinds known. All the clusters sent by Mr. Roberts were cut from vines 152 Domestic Notices. which were planted three years ago, and which have been pruned on the spur system. Tlie Nice had perfected thirteen bunches of the size of tlie one sent. The vines are planted on the outside of the house, (a pine stove) and are pruned as early in the autumn as the clearing of the fruit, Avith the perfect maturation of the fruit, will allow ; and are withdrawn from tlie heat of the house as soon as the wounds are healed. Tf the fruit remains uncut longer than is desirable, the spurs are entirely disbudded, witli tlie exception of the bud to which the shoot is headed back ; the bark at the same time receiving a light top-dressing of powerful manure and compost, covered with a kw inches of half decomposed dung ; the fertilizing properties of which are carried down by the autumn rains. From the time tliat forcing commences until the grapes are cut, the vines receive no more water at the root either naturally or artificially. Mr. Roberts was awarded tlie Banksian medal. (Card. Chronicle, 1842, p. 743.; Art. II. — Domestic JVotices. Horticultural Society in Cincinnati. — We are glad to learn that our hor- ticultural and floricultural friends of the " Queen city" have formed a soci- ety for the promotion of gardening pursuits. This is as it should be. A city comprising upwards of 40,000 inhabitants, and embracing within its vicinity numerous amateur and nursery gardens, should not be witljout such an association : through such a source only can the collected experience of individuals be rendered beneficial, and useful information upon the important subject of horticulture be spread before the public. We look to valuable results from the organization of the society, particularly in relation to the introduction to general notice of many of the native Western fruits ; and we trust some of our correspondents in Cincinnati will com- municate to us, from time to time, its Transactions. The Society was organized on the 20th of February. A constitution and by-laws were adopted, and the following officers chosen for the ensu- ing year : — Robert Buchanan, President. Dr. M. Flagg, A. H. Ernst, and "Rev. L. G. Bingham, Vice Presidents. S. C. Parkhurst, Treasurer. J. B. Russell, Coiresponding Secretary. J. G. Anthony, Recording Sec- retary. Mississippi Slate Horticidtural Society. — A Society lias been form- ed at Vicksburg, under the above name. It is a gratifying evidence of the spread of a taste for plants and fruits at the South and West. The meeting was organized on the 25th of February, by the choice of tlie following officers : — N. W. Hatch, President. Wm. Laughlan and Charles Scott, Vice Presidents. Wm. B. Jew oW, Recording Secretarij. R.Griffith, Corresponding Secretarij. J. A. Klein, Trea.mrer. Mr. P. Mackenzie, our correspondent of Philadelphia, lias just finished the erection of a large and fine span-roofed green-house, sixty feet long, run- ninsT parallel with Spruce-street, and forming tlic garden front ; the entrance being immediately through the centre of the house to the garden, which now ''forms an area surrounded on all sides by plant-houses — the whole range of houses, on all sides, extending two hundred and eighty feet. Mr. Mackenzie has added several new plants to his collection. — Ed. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 153 Art, III. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. At a meeting of the Society in January, as before reported, the Flower, Fruit, and Vegetable Committees, submitted their reports, awarding pre- miums for 1842. The following are copies of tlie sam.e : — REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FLOWERS, AWARDING PREMIUMS FOR 1842. The Committee on Flowers, having attended to the duty of awarding Premiums for the year 1842, report : — Tulips. — For the best display of fine blooms, a premium to S. Walker, of #5 00 For the second best display of fine blooms, a premium to S. R. Johnson, of 3 00 Pjsonies. — For the best display of flowers, a premium to W. E. Carter, of 5 00 For the second best display of flowers, a premium to Messrs. Winship, 3 00 Roses, — in classes as follow: Class 1. — Hardy kinds. For the best 50 dissimilar blooms, a premium to S. R. Johnson, of 10 00 For the second best 50 dissimilar blooms, a premium to J. A. Kenrick,of 8 00 For the third best 50 dissimilar blooms, a premium to A. Bowditch, of 5 00 Class 2. — Bourbon, China, Tea and jYoisette Roses. For the best display of flowers, a premium to S. R. John- son, of 5 00 For the second best display of flowers, a premium to A. Bowditch, of 3 00 Carnations. — For the best display of carnations and picotees, a premium to S. Walker, of 5 00 For the second best display of flowers, a premium to J. Breck and Co. of 3 00 For the best seedling picotee, a premium to Jos. Breck and Co. of . . 2 00 Balsams. — For the best display, a premium to S. R. Johnson, of . . 3 00 [No second premium was awarded.] German Asters. — For the best display of flowers, a premium to Hovey and Co. of 3 00 For the second best display of flowers, a premium to S. R. Johnson, of 2 00 Dahlias, — in the following divisions and classes : Division A. Premier Prize. For the best twelve dissimilar blooms, a premium to Hovey and Co. of 18 00 VOL. IX. — NO. IV. 20 154 Massachusetts Horticuliural Society. Specimen Bloom. For the best bloom, a premium to J. H. White, of $7 00 For \he second best bloom, a premium to Hovey and Co. of 4 00 Division B. Class I. — For the best 24 dissimilar blooms, a premium to J. H. White, of 12 00 For the second best 24 dissimilar blooms, a premium to Hovey & Co., of 7 00 Class II. — For the best 12 dissimilar blooms, a premium to J. L. L. F. Warren, of 10 00 For the second best 12 dissimilar blooms, a premium to S. Sweetser, of • 5 00 Class III. — For the best G dissimilar blooms, a premium to J. L. L. F. Warren, of 8 00 For the second best G dissimilar blooms, a premium to S. Sweetser, of 4 00 Division C. Class I. — For the best 24 dissimilar blooms, a premium to J. F. Trull, of . 12 00 For the second best 24 dissimilar blooms, a premium to J. Stickney, of 7 00 Class II. — For the best 12 dissimilar blooms, a premium to J. Stickney, of . 10 00 For the second best 12 dissimilar blooms, a premium to P. Barnes, of 5 00 Class III. — For the best 6 dissimilar blooms, a premium to P. Barnes, of 8 00 For the second best 6 dissimilar blooms, a premium to H. W. Button, of 4 00 Gratuities. To J. A. Kenrick, for fine displays of hardy azaleas, and other plants and shrubs, a premium of 5 00 To W. Meller, for a display of beautiful seedling geraniums, or pelargoniums, a premium of 5 00 To W. E. Carter, for the exhibition of a beautiful seedling phlox, partially variegated, a premium of . . . . 5 00 To J. Cadness, for a fine plant of the Abutilon striatum, a pre- mium of 5 CO To Miss Russell, for fine displays of bouquets, and other flow- ers, a premium of 3 00 To Messrs. Winship, for a large and splendid pyramidal bou- quet, a premium of . . . - • • • . 3 00 To J. Stickney, for a rich display of superb German asters, a premium of ^ 00 $^14 00 The amount of funds appropriated by the Society, for the year 1842, was one hundred and fifty dollars; to this was added the sum of sixty- four dollars, being the amount left in the treasurer's hands in the year 1841, makin"- a total of two hundred fourteen dollars to be appropriated Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 155 as premiums for 1842. It will be seen, by the footing of the respective sums awarded, that the wJiole amount at the disposal of the committee has been awarded as prizes ; and, your committee Avould believe, in a manner which has been for the best interests of the Society. Should the Society see lit to increase the appropriation another year, they think the money could be distributed with good effect. There are a great many kinds of flowers which need more encouragement to induce a more extensive cultivation, and which would add to the variety of our exhibitions. Yom- committee need only instance the Pseony, the Rose, tlie Aster, and above all, the Dahlia, to show how much the Society's premiums liave done towards enlivening our exhibitions with the superb displays of these flowers. The Camellia, the Fuclisia, the Cacti, the Erica, the Chinese Azalea, and many other flowers might be named, which, by the offer of liberal prizes, would undoubtedly be seen on the Society's tables, adding greatly to the pleasure of the weekly exhibitions. With these iew suggestions, your committee submit their report. — C. M. Hovey, Chairman. — Boston, Dec. 31, 1842. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FRUITS, AWARDING PREMIUMS FOR 1842. The Committee on Fruits, having attended to the duty of awarding premiums for the year 1842, report as follows : — Apples. — For the best summer apples, a premium to Otis John- son, of $5 00 For the best fall apples, a premium to B. V. French, of . 5 00 For the best winter apples, a premium to B. V. French, of. 5 00 Pears. — For the best summer pears, a premium to J. F. Allen, of 5 00 For the best fall pears, a premium to S. Pond, of . . 5 00 For the best winter pears, a premium to M. P. Wilder, of . 5 00 Cherries. — For the best, a premium to S. Pond, of . . 4 00 For the next best, a premium to J. L. L. F. Warren, of . 2 00 Peaches. — For the best exhibition of peaches, a premium to John Hill, of 5 00 For the next best, a premium to J. L. L. F. Warren, of . 3 00 For the best grown under glass, a premium to J. F. Allen, of 5 00 For the next best grown under glass, a premium to O. John- son, of 3 00 Grapes. — For the best foreign varieties, grown under glass, and exhibited before July 1st, a premium to Dr. Howard, of . 5 00 For the next best, grown under glass, and exhibited before July 1st, a premium to J. F. Allen, of . . . . 3 00 For the best grown under glass, and exhibited after July 1st, a premium to D. Haggerston, of . . . . 5 00 For the best foreign variety, open culture, a premium to S. R. Johnson, of 5 00 For the best native grapes, a premium to S. Pond, of . . 3 00 Apricots. — For the best specimens, none of sufficient merit offered. Nectarines. — For the best specimens, a premium to D. Hag- gerston, of 3 00 Quinces. — For the best specimens, none of sufficient merit offered. 156 Massachusetts HortiaiUiiral Society. Plums. — For the best specimens, a premium to S. R. Johnson, of $5 00 For the next best specimens, a premium to S. Pond, of . 3 00 Gooseberries. — For the best, a premium to Wm. Oliver, of . 3 00 Strawberries. — For the best, a premium to Charles Robbins, of 5 00 For the next best, a premium to E. Vose, of . . . 3 00 Currants. — For the best, a premium to A. D. Williams, of . 3 00 For tlie next best, a premium to A. D. Weld, of . . 2 00 Raspberries. — For tlie best, a premium to Hovey »Sz- Co., of . 4 00 For the next best, a premium to S. Pond, of . . . 2 00 Mulberries. — For tlie best specimens, a premium to John Hovey, of 3 00 Water-meloms. — For the best, a premium to Hovey & Co., of 3 OU Green-flesiied Water-melons. — For the best, a premium to Dr. Howard, of 3 00 Gratuities. To R. Manning, for his extraordinary large collection of new pears, and other fruits, which have added so much interest to the exhibitions of tlie Society, 25 00 To George Lee, for very fine peaches, grown in pots, and exhib- ited early in June, 2 00 To John Cass, for very fine Isabella grapes, . . . . 2 00 To S. W. Cole, for fine apples, called Jewett's fine red, . . 2 00 To Joseph Grennell, for very large clusters of black Hamburgh grapes, 2 00 To J. Lovet, 2d, for very early melons, 2 00 ^■150 00 The Wells premium on apples has again been omitted, as the Commit- tee were of the opinion that no specimens had yet been offered of suffi- cient merit to justify them in making the award agreeably to the condi- tions connected therewith — and would, therefore, refer the subject to the committee for tlie ensuing year. The Committee would remark, that the number of fine specimens of fruits exhibited the past season has been larger than in former years, and would mention particularly the very fine collections of the President of tlie Society, of O. Johnson, B. V. French, J. Lovet, George Brown, I). Haggerston, and others, and regret that their limits would not allow them to bestow more premiums. — Btnj. V. French, Chairman. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON VEGETABLES, awarding 1'remiums for 1842. The Committee on Vegetables for the year 1842, report the premiums awarded by them, as follows : Asparagus. — For the best and earliest. No premium. Rhubarb. — For tlie best previous to first Sat. in July, No premium. Peas. — For the earliest and best peck in June, a premium to Dr. Howard, of $4 00 Lettuce. For the finest six heads. No premium. Potatoes. — For the best peck previous to the first Saturday in August, a premium to Dr. Howard, of . . . . 3 00 Cucumbers. — For the best pair grown under glass previous to the first Sat. in June, a premium to J. L. L. F. Warren, 4 00 Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 157 For the best of open culture, No premium. Beans. — For tlie earliest Lima, two quarts, a premium to E. Vose, of . . . #3 00 For the earliest dwarf, No premium. Cauliflowers. — For the best and largest four heads, a premi- um to Josiah Lovet, of 3 00 Brocoli. — For the best and largest four heads, a premium to Josiah Lovet, of 3 00 Celery. — For the largest, a premium to Hovey and Co. of . 3 00 Egg Plants. — For the finest six a premium to J. L. L. F. War- ren, of 3 00 Tomatoes. — For the best, a premium to Mrs. T. Bigelow, 3 00 Squashes. — For the best display at the annual exhibition, a pre- mium to Hovey and Co. of 5 00 For the best display of various vegetables at the annual exhibition, a premium to Josiah Lovet, of . . . 5 00 $38 00 Gratuities. To A. Bowditch, for fine large Potatoes, 2 00 To Otis Johnson, for large Beets, &c 2 00 To J. W. Macondry, for new var. of Tomatoes, . . . 2 00 $6 00 The Committee would remark that the quantity of vegetables exhibited the past season has been quite small, and they regret that so little atten- tion has been paid to this department ; for a number of articles there has been no competition, and a part of the amount appropriated remains un- disposed of. One of the objects of the Society in offering premiums on vegetables, is to encourage the cultivation of choice specimens and im- provements in the different varieties ; and members and others, in offering such, will not only aid the Society in its objects, but add greatly to its exhibitions. — Samuel Pond, Chairman. Saturday, March ith, 1843. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day, the President in the chair. A letter was read from Rev. H. W. Beecher, corresponding secretary of the Indiana Horticultural Society, requesting copies of the Transac- tions of the Society. The corresponding secretary was requested to send the same. Mr. Paine presented the Society witli a copy of the JVatural History of the Slug-U'orm, by Prof. Beck, an old and valuable pamphlet. ^prU 1st. — The annual sum of $360 was voted for premiums for the current year, to be divided as follows : — $150 to the Flower Committee, $150 to the Fruit Committee, and $60 to the Vegetable Committee. The committee appointed to report upon the subject of Mr. Brookhouse's letter, in relation to tlie estate of Mr. Manning, made a report, which was accepted. An amendment to the constitution was proposed, which provided that the official year should begin on the first Saturday of " January," in place of the first Saturday of " ^pril." — Meeting dissolved. 15S Faneuil Hall Market. Art. IV. Faneuil Hall Market. Roots, Tubers, dj-c. Potatoes, new : Chenangoes, Common,.... Eastports,... Nova Scotia, per barrel, per bushel J per barrel, ( per bushel I per barrel, ( per bushel 5 per barrel, ( per bushel Sweet, per bushel, . . Turnips, per bushel : Common, .... Ruta Baga, . . . Onions : Red, per bunch, . . White, per bunch, . Yellow, per bushel, Red, per bushel. Beets, per bushel, . . Carrots, per bushel, . Parsnips, per bushel, . Salsifj', per dozen roots Horseradish, per pound Radishes, per bunch. Garlic, per pound. . . From To Sets. Sets. 87^ 1 00 30 75 — 30 1 25 1 50 50 62i 75 1 00 30 z 37.} 50 37^ 50 2i 3 2i 3 75 1 00 75 — 50 75 50 62i 75 m 8 12i 12i 37.^ 50 37.i 50 50 75 12i 25 25 n 8 6 8 25 — 37i — 25 — 37i — m 50 17 20 6 n 6 3 4 Cabbages, Salads, tf'C. Cabbages, per dozen : Drumheads, .... Savovs, Red Dutch, .... Brocolis, each, .... Cauliflowers, each, . . Lettuce, per head, . . . Celery, per root, . . . Spinacli, per peck, . . Dandelions, per half peck, Cucumbers, (pickled) pr gal Peppers (pickled) per gal. Pot and Sweet Herbs. Parsley, per half peck, . Sage, per pound, ... Marjorum, per bunch. Savory, per bunch, . . Spearmint, green, per bunch Remarks. — The month of March has been the coldest, so far as re- gards the averacre temperature, that has been experienced for a great num- ber of years. Witliin our own recollection there has certainly been no such severe month. The early part of March, 183.5, was exceedingly cold, the thermometer falling G"" below zero, and the weather continued rough to the end of the montli ; but the average temperature was seve- ral deo-rees warmer, and there were some sunny days which rapidly de- Squashcs and Pumpkins. Squashes, per pound : Autumnal Marrow, Canada Crookneck, . Winter Crookneck, . West India, .... Pumpkins, each, . . . Fruits. Apples, dessert and cooking : Baldwins, per barrel, . . Greenings, per barrel. Russets, per barrel, . . Spitzemberg, per barrel, . Common, per barrel, . . Blue Pcarmains, pr barrel. Seek-no-further, pr barrel, Lady apple, per half peck, Common sweet, pr bushel, Danvers sweet, pr bushel. Dried apple, per lb. . . Pears, per half peck or doz Winter Doyenn6, per doz Monsieur Lie Cure, pr doz Passe Colmar, per doz. Beurred'Aremberg, prdz Chaumontel, per half pk Lewis, per half pk. St. Germain, per doz. Baking, per bushel, . Cranberries, per bushel. Tomatoes, per dozen, . Grapes, per pound : Malaga, wnite, . Malaga, purple. Pine-apples, each. Lemons, per dozen, . Oranges, ^ g"^^' " ' ^ ' ( Havanna, . Chesnuts, per bushel, . Walnuts, per bushel, Cocoanuts, per hund. Almonds, per lb. . . . English Walnuts, per lb. Castana, per lb. . . . 2 50 2 25 2 00 2 50 1 50 2 50 1 00 1 00 3 To 6 6 4 4 12i 75 50 2 25 3 00 2 00 12< 37; 3 00 1 50 4 10 50 2 00 6 00 25 50 3 50 G 12 Horticultural Memoranda. 159 creased the quantity of snow that fell in the preceding February. There does not now seem to be any appearance of opening spring. The snow lies from six inches to three or four feet deep, and the weather so cold as scarcely to thaw, in the middle of the day, in the shade. Vegetables. — The stock of potatoes has been well kept up by repeated arrivals from the eastward, and sales are now dull and heavy to the ex- treme; Eastports alone, perhaps it may be said, are rather firmer : sweet are all gone. In turnips there is something doing, and prices have a ten- dency upward. Onions are scarcer, and command better prices. Radish- es have come to hand since our last report, and there is now a fair supply of those of good size and quality. Cabbages remain about the same ; the stock of drumheads is getting low, and prices are rather finner. Brocolis and cauliflowers are scarce, and some fine heads of the latter commanded our highest quotations. Lettuce comes in freely and of good quality. Dandelions are now well supplied, notwithstanding ratlier ad- verse weather for advancing the crop ; a few mild days would bring for- ward an abundant stock. Parsley is brought in, in fair quantities. Of squashes there is now a limited supply of choice kinds ; Marrows are about gone, and but ?eyv good crooknecks remain. West Indies have ar- rived, and are offered at our quotations. Fruit. — In fruit, particularly apples, there is a brisk and quick trade : — considerable quantities are wanted for shipping, and the stock has been already reduced from this cause. Good Baldwins are higher, and other sorts have had a corresponding increase in price : sweet apples are nearly out of the market. In pears there is nothing doing, and none remain on hand except baking. Cranberries continue scarce ; a few only of the spring picking have been brought in. Grapes are scarce. Lemons and oranges are abundant and cheap. A few fine apples have been received, and are taken at our prices. In nuts there is but very little doing. — M. T., Boston, March 28, 1843. HORTICULTURAL MEMORANDA FOR APRIL. FRUIT DEPARTMENT. Grape vines, owing to the cold month of March, will not have made a rapid growth, unless a high temperature has been kept up. In the former case tiiey will only now be breaking their buds ; in the latter, they will now be bursting into flower. Attention will be duly required, whether in one state or the other; and, for information on this point, we must refer to Mr. Johnson's article in Vol. VIII. or the article in our last No. Vines in the open air should be pruned now, if yet neglected, and the shoots should be properly laid in on the trellis or wall. Peach trees, in pots, in the green-house, will now have set their fruit ; give an abundance of air, especially in good weather. Currant, Gooseberry and Raspberry bushes, may be safely transplanted the early part of the month. IGO Horticultural Memoranda. Strawberry beds. — Now is the most favorable season to make a straw- berry bed. Give the ground a good preparation. Grafting, pruning, Sfc. shoiUd be done this montli, or as much of it as possible. Fruit trees, of all sorts, may be successfully transplanted tliis montli. FLOWER DEPARTMENT. Dahlias will now occupy the amateur's attention. Pot the roots, or place tlicm in a hot-bed, and when the eyes begin to swell, cut the tubers apart, leaving one good eye to each. These should bo potted, if good strong plants are wanted. Tulip beds, owing to the cold weather, arc backward. See that they are duly attended to, as soon as the spring opens. Roses, of hardy kinds, will need careful pruning to bloom well. This is also the season to transplant. Montlily kinds, in pots, should be turned out into the groimd the last part of the month. Cuttings may now be put in with success. Oxalises, when done blooming, sliould be very sparingly watered. Cactuses will now show their Hower buds, and will require more water. Verbenas should be shifted, if large plants are wanted. Those for turning out in the ground need not be repotted. Azaleas and Rhododendrons, as soon as done blooming, should be re- potted. Ericas should be repotted now, and cuttings may now be put in. Seeds may also be sown. Camellias now growing will require frequent syringing over the foliage. Chn/sayithemums may be potted off the latter part of the month. Hydrangeas should now be repotted in fresh soil, if they need it. Annual Jlniver seeds, of hardy kinds, should now be sown in the open garden. — Tender sorts, such as balsams, coxcombs, &c., may be brought forward in the hot-bod. Jf all/lower seeds, for obtaining plants to bloom next winter, sliould be sown now. Perennial herbaceous plants should be transplanted this month. Paonies. Now is a good season to divide and plant tlie roots. Carnations, and other plants in frames, should receive plenty of air, and the sashes be taken wholly off in good weather. Tiger Jlowers, Gladioluses, Jlniai-yllises, Sfc, may be planted out as soon as the weather is warm and pleasant. Pansy seed, sown last month, and now up, should be planted out in prcjjared beds, tlie latter part of the month. Pink and Picotee roots should be taken up from where they were lay- ered, and planted out in beds of rich soil. Lechenaultias may now be propagated from cuttings. Roots of Achimenes coccinea should be potted off now, and placed in a hot-bed, if one is at hand. Cyclamens, now about finishing their bloom, should be sparingly watered. Calceolarias should be repotted now. Propagate all kinds of green-house plants during this montli. THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE. MAY, 1843. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Art. I. The London Horticultural Society's Catalogue of Fruits. 3d Edition. With notices of all the principal varieties enumerated since the 2d Edition, and other Re- marks. By tlie Editor. Plums. Great confusion formerly existed in this class of fruits ; and it was not until the London Horticultural Society un- dertook the labor of clearing up the errors of cultivators, that any thing like a correct nomenclature was established. In the 2d edition two hundred and seventy-four varieties were enumerated ; but of this great number, only one hun- dred and eight were described as then having fruited ; and it is remarked in that edition, that " our knowledge of this class of fruits must be considered very imperfect." This certainly has proved true: for of the one hundred and eight varieties, several have since been detected as synonyms. Of the unproved ones in 1831, a great number have since then been ascertained to be synonymous with others. The list in the present edition numbers about two hundred and forty names in all ; — seventy-five have •' either proved false, or have been lost, or for some other reason are no longer in the garden;" — thirty-five are of inferior quality, and "no longer cultivated in the garden ;" and upwards of thirty have not yet been proved ; thus leaving less than one hun- dred varieties as having been, after the experience of six- teen years, ascertained to be worthy of cultivation. To facilitate the progress of clearing up the confusion among plums, the Society found it necessary to adopt a VOL. IX. — NO. V. 21 162 hondon Horticultural Societi/s classification, derived from the following difterences, viz : " Shoots, downy or smooth ; leaves, pubescent above, or glabrous; fruit, purple or pale, round, oblong or obovate; flesh, adhering to the stone, or separating from it. These afford the means of forming thirty-two subdivisions, and the task of comparison was rednccd in propoition." Those of our readers who Avish to ascertain the correct names of their plums, should pay particular attention to these three points : that is, the smooth or downy character of the wood, the pubescent or glabrous leaves, and the adhesiveness or separation of the tlesh from the stone. By these charac- ters a fruit is often alone determined. Fewer new varieties have been added to the list of plums than to pears. Several, however, of recent introduction may be noticed as fine ; these are the Dunmore, Ickworth Imperatrice, Large Green Drying, Saint Martin's Quetsche, Royale. Royale hative, and Denyer's Victoria. They are eminently deserving a place in every good collection. Many of the older varieties of plums are yet but little known, or cultivated to any extent, in this country, though most of them may be found in the choice collections of some amateurs, zealous in the introduction of every good sort. Of those which are particularly worthy of being generally cultivated, Ave may name the D'Agen, Coe's fine late Red, Coe's Golden Drop. Damas Violet Tardif, Shrop- shire Damson, Drap d'Or, (a small and beautiful deep yel- low fruit, of first-rate quality.) Frotheringham, Guimareen, Downton Imperatrice. Lucombe's Nonsuch, Kirke's, Necta- rine (early and fine), Blue Pedrigon, Reine Claude Violet, Royal de Tours, Sharp's Emperor, and Virgin. Others, of secondary quality, but valuable either for size, period of ripening, abundant bearing, or other characteristics, as will be seen by a reference to the following list, should also be included in large collections. [The following abbreviations are adopted. T, table fruit ; K, kitchen fruit ; P, preserving.] Ahricotze Rouge. — Color red; form oval ; 2d size; stone separates; 2d quality, K; September. Flesh orange, with an apricot flavor. D' Agen. — Wood smooth ; color purple ; obovate ; 2d size ; sep. ; 1st quality, T P; end September. Good bearer. Syno- Catalogue. Third Edition. 163 nyms: Prune d'Ast, Saint Maurin, Prune de Brignole (of some), Robe de Sergent. Alibuchari. — Wood smooth ; purple ; oval ; 2d size ; sep. ; 2d quality, T P ; beginning September. A sort of Quets- che; shrivels on the tree, and is probably well adapted for drying. Ashbridge Black. — Smooth ; purple ; round ; 2d size ; sep. ; 2d quality, K ; end August. Bingham^ s. — Downy; yellow; oblong; 1st size; adhe- sive; 2d quality, T ; September. First-rate in a warm cli- mate. Burnet. — Downy ; purple ; roundish ; 3d size ; sep. ; K P ; September. Flesh like that of the Wine Sour. Coe's Fiyie Late Red. — Downy ; purple ; round ; 2d size; sep. ; 1st quality, T ; end October, November. Valuable for its lateness ; has been preserved on a wall tree till Christ- mas. Synonyms : Saint Martin, Saint Martin Rouge. Cooper's Large. — This has proved to be a great bearer. Damas Blanc. — Smooth ; yellow ; roundish ; 3d size ; Sep.; 1st quality, K T; middle September. Synonyms: Damas blanc hatif gros, Damas blanc tres hatif Damas de Valence. — Downy : purple ; roundish ; 3d size ; adhesive ; end September. DamasViolet Tardif. — Downy ; purple ; roundish ovate; 2d size; separates; 1st quality, T; September. Damson, Black. — Purple ; oval ; 3d size ; separates ; K ; end September. Damson., Siveet. — Smooth ; purple ; oval ; 3d size ; sep. ; K ; end of September. Is but slightly acid. Damson., White. — Shaler's White Damson is a synonym. Damson, Winter. — Downy ; purple ; round ; 3d size ; sep. ; K P ; end October. Diamond. — Very large, but coarse. Diapree Ronge. — Smooth; purple; obovate ; 1st size; sep. ; 2d quality, K T ; beginning September. Large and handsome. Said to be excellent for kitchen use. Double Bearing. — Downy ; green, yellow, brown and red; oblong; 3d size; adhesive; 2d size, T; Aug., Sept. The first crop ripens in August : a second in September. Drap d' Or. — The yellow Pedrigon is added as a syno- nym,. Dunmore. — Smooth ; yellow ; oval ; 2d size ; sep. ; 1st quality, T ; September. 164 Tjondon HorticuUwal Socleti/s FrotJieringham. — Smooth ; purple ; obovate ; 2d size ; Sep. ; 1st quality, T; middle August. Flesh greenish yel- low, juicy and rich. Yellow Gage. — Smooth: pale yellow; round; 2d size; sep. ; 2d quality; beginning August. Not so rich as the Green Gage. Synojrij7ns: WhiteGage; Gonne"s Green Gage; Reine Claude (of some), Reine Claude blanche (id), Reine Claude Blanche Petite Espece. Gaiiick's Early. — Smooth ; purple ; obovate ; 3d size ; Sep.; 1st quality, T; beginning August. Goliath. — Downy ; purple ; oblong ; 1st size ; adhesive ; 2d quality, K ; end August. Large and handsome, but is not of first quality. The additional synonyms are Saint Cloud, Steers's Emperor. Green Gage. — The following have proved synonytns: Wilmot's Green Gage, Wilmot's new Green Gage, Wilmot's late Green Gage, Isleworth Green Gage. Horse Jag. — Downy ; red : round oval : 3d size ; adhe- sive ; K : September. Synonym : Horse Gage. Horse Plum. — Purple ; oval ; 2d size ; sep. ; K ; Septem- ber. Flesh of the nature of that of an Orleans. Imperatrice., Dovmton. — Skin very tender. Imperatrice^ Blue. — [Mr. Manning proved the Semiana to be a synonym of this variety.] Large Green Drying. — Smooth ; green and yellow ; round; 1st size ; adhesive ; 1st quality, K T; middle to end of September. Tree vigorous ; a moderate bearer ; fruit as large as the Washington, and when perfectly ripened is exceedingly rich. Magnum Bonum, red. — Additional synonyms: Dame Aubert Violette, Florence. Mirabelle. — Esteemed for preserving; flesh of an apricot flavor. Nelsoji^s Victory. — Smooth ; purple ; round ; 2d size ; adhesive; 2d quality, K; middle September. Good bearer. Synonym. : Knevett's late Orleans. Nojisnch. LucoTiihe's. — Smooth ; green and yellow; round; 1st size; adhesive; 1st quality. T; end August. Larger than the Green Gage, to which it bears resemblance, but is not so rich. Orleans. — The following have proved synonyms : Mon- sieur, Monsieur Ordinaire. Orleans, late or black. — Smooth ; purple ; round ; 1st size ; K ; end September. Catalogue. Third Edition. 165 Pedrlgoji Violet hatif. — Downy ; purple ; roundish oval ; 2d size ; separates ; 1st quality, T ; middle of August. Synonyms : Pedrigon hatif, Moyeu de Bourgogne. Pond's Seedling. — Smooth ; red ; oval ; 1st size; adhesive ; 2d quality, T K ; beginning September. Very large. Precoce de Tours. — The Violet de Tours is a Synonym. Queen Mother. — Smooth; purple; round ; 2d size; sepa- rates ; 1st quality, T ; September. A very good, small plum. Quetsche, Saijit Jameses. — Smooth; purple; oblong; 2d size ; adhesive ; 2d quality, P; September. Very abundant bearer. Quetsche, Saiiit Martin's. — Smooth ; yellow and white ; heart-shaped; 2d size; separates; 1st quality, T ; end Oc- tober. Hangs later than Coe's Golden Drop; a very rich and valuable late plum ; the tree bears well as a standard. Raisin. — Downy; green; roundish; 3d size; adhesive; 2d quality; September. Reine Claude a Fleurs Semi-double. — Smooth ; purple and yellow; round; 3d size; separates; 2d quality, T; August. A var. of yellow gage. Synonyms: Dauphin a Fleurs semi-doubles, a Fleurs doubles, a Fleurs semi-dou- bles, Double-blossomed. Reine Claude Violette. — Smooth; purple; round; 2d size; separates; 1st quality, T ; beginning September. Succeeds as a standard; a good bearer; fruit very rich ; altogether a variety of the highest excellence. Synonyms : Purple gage, Violet gage. Royale. — Downy ; purple ; round ; 2d size ; separates ; 1st quality, T ; middle August. Royale Hdtive. — Downy ; purple ; round ; 2d size ; sepa- rates ; 1st quality, T; beginning to middle August. Very rich. Syno?iym: Miviam. Sharji^s Empei^or. — The stone of this variety is very ten- der. Stoneless. — Downy ; purple ; oval ; 3d size, K ; begin- ning September. Kernel destitute of stone ; enclosed in a roomy cavity by the pulp of the fruit only. Synonyms : Sans Noyau ; .lean Morceau. Stonev;ood. — Downy ; purple ; roundish ; 2d size ; sepa- rates ; 1st quality, K ; beginning September. Victoria, Dejiyei-^s. — Downy; red; oval; 1st size; sepa- rates; 2d quality, T ; end September. Resembles Sharp's Emperor. ] 66 The Nectarine and Peach. The following are the names of the varieties designated by an 0, as unworthy of cultivation. Abricotee blanche a longue queue Damas de Tours gros, grosse, Dominie Bull's, Apricot, Figue grosse rouge, Azure hative, Gage, Chancellor, Black Hill, Green Gage, Superior, Brj'anston Gage, Gwalsh, Chesnut, Honey Julien, Cheston, Hungarian, De Chypre, Isle Vert, Court Royal, Imperial Violette a feuilles Panachees. Cornemuse, Lawrence's. Damas blanc Petit, Pedrigon des Alps, Damas Dronet, Pedigron Violet des Alps, Damas d'Espagne, Peter's Large Yellow, Damas d'ltalie, Pseudo-Mirabelle, Damas de Maugeron, Rodney, Damas Noir hatif. Royal Dauphin, Damas de Septembre, Wheat. An account of the Cherries will occupy our attention next. Art. II. The Nectarine and Peach ; their liability to be destroyed by the curculio, and remarks on their cultivation. Communicated by J. S. S., Washington, D. C. I RETURN you, herewith, the Boston Magazine of Horti- culture, in which I found several interesting articles, and among not the least, your observations on the horticultural fitness of the soil and climate of the District of Columbia; in one section of which I remark, that, in dilating on the good fruits of Mr. Caden's garden, you speak of his having the nectarine, bearing excellent fruit. I have, in a long course of trial, never been able to bring to perfection that of the nectarine^ apricot^ or jdvtn. They (the fruit of them) have been uniformly pierced soon after the fall of the blos- som, by the beetle they call the curculio. Its egg de- posited there soon becoming a worm, feeds on the pulp as it matures, and brings it to the ground, just before it ripens, non-obstant all the projects to resist the attack that I have tried or heard of I beg you will ask Mr. Caden, if he has been so attacked, and how he has succeeded to avert it. The Nectarine and Peach. 167 The above extract from the letter of a friend having been submitted to Mr. Caden, he has handed to the corres- pondent of the writer, the following. It is not doubted that the editor of the Magazine can, both from his books and his experience, add something on a subject of great interest to the cultivators and lovers of good fruit. Mr. Caden's inclosure is in town, and a good deal sheltered. The Ibllowing is Mr. Caden's reply : — The Peach and Nectarine. — The most successful season for budding, is from the 20th of July to the 15th of August. The stocks to bud on may be either of the plum or peach kind, but of young growth. I have, within a small inclo- sure, both the peach and nectarine in full bearing, of my own budding, the former of 1840, and the latter 1841. The nectarines (three in number,) are growing in three different exposures, namely East, South, and West, and on each the fruit has been perfect, to the great astonishment of all those who visited me. I have had for the last nine years the nectarine in full bearing and perfection ; the quantity so great at times, that, notwithstanding the application of a number of props, the branches have broken down. The size of the fruit is about that of the early English peach. The cause of my success, T know not what to attribute it to, unless it be to the pruning, which I did by cutting off" all the superfluous wood, and lopping that of the main growth. Washington, March, 1843. J. C. The curculio, within the last ten years, has been ex- tremely destructive to the plum in the vicinity of Boston ; and to such a degree, in some localities, that the cultivation of this fruit was, a few years ago, almost given up by many individuals. More attention has, however, recently been devoted to the growth of the plum, and the destructive ha- bits of the curculio have rendered this insect an object of more particular observation and care, so that its habits are now so well known, that there is some hope a method may be discovered, which will speedily exterminate this pest of the garden. We have never known the peach or nectarine to be much infested by it. Dr. Harris, in his recent excellent Treatise on Insects, has given a full account of the curculio, and the modes generally in use to guard against its ravages. A review of this vol- ume will soon appear, when we shall notice this insect. The remedy, which to us appears the most thorough, is to 16S Experiments with Guano suddenly shake the trees, at the season of iheir attacking the fruit; when the beetles will fall to the ground, where a cloth should have previously been spread to catch them ; they should then be gathered up and destroyed : every plum should be picked up that drops, performing the work every morning, and the fruit destroyed in some way which will not allow the insect to emerge alive. These two remedies appear the most reasonable of all that have been advanced, so far as our own experience goes. In cities, where the yards are paved, or even much used by frequent passitig, so as to harden the surface of the ground, the curculio rarely, if ever, is seen. It is only when the young grub has a good opportunity to find its way into the soil, that the number is increased. This readil}^ accounts for the uniform success of Mr. Caden's plum trees, which, being in the city, are undoubtedly growing in a paved yard, or court, where the grub cannot find a resting place to undergo the necessary change from the larvai to the chrysalis state. The curculio being an insect which rarely uses its wings, or at least seems to have an aversion to do so, some cultiva- tors have recommended tarring the trees to prevent their ascending, in the manner of the canker-worm grub ; aver- ring that they do not fly, but crawl up the trunk ; the experiment is worthy of trial, and if not wholly effect- ual, it may lessen the number which ordinarily infest the trees. As we shall have occasion hereafter to refer to the cur- culio again, having no room to extend our remarks now, we may call the attention of our correspondent to Mr. Down- ing's excellent article on the plum (Vol. VIII., p. 91), which contains some remarks in relation to the destruction of the curculio. — Ed. Art. III. Experiments on va?'ions Flowe?-ing- Plants, with Gnano, and Nitrate of Soda. By J, E. Teschemacher, Corresponding Sec. Mass. Hort. Soc. Small parcels of the new manure, Guano, having been very generally circulated in this vicinity, it is right to put those in possession of it on their guard against using it too and Nitrate of Soda. 169 freely ; many plants in England and some here having been killed for want of proper care in the application of it. Guano is an extremely powerful and warm manure, and if applied in large quantities, or in lumps, destroys the roots. For pelargoniums, roses, and all hardy, strong-growing plants, one teaspoonful to a quart of earth, or about 1 part in 100, is sufficient ; it should be pulverized and well mixed with the earth in which a plant is to be repotted. When it is not convenient to repot, the earth may be gently stirred on the surface of the pot one or two inches deep, and the guano pulverized, then mixed in ; the plants should be kept well watered. Besides pelargoniums and roses, I have tried it on the myrtaceous family, on ericas, fuchsias and camellias; its effects on these are equally surprising. Those who contemplate trials of guano with Indian corn, would probably find it best to use about a tablespoonful, not piled up, to each hill, mixing it up, after breaking the lumps, with the earth, about as far as the roots of the corn are likely to penetrate. For cucumbers, squashes, and those plants whose roots run nearer the surface, of course it should be merely mixed with the surface soil. For potatoes, a little deeper stirring would be required. The practised cultivator, who observes the manner of growth of his plants, will readily be able to judge for himself of the best method of applying it ; the only caution necessary, is not to use too much. I take this op- portunity of requesting those who are about to make trials of this manure, to compare its effects with those of other manures, and note them down for the purpose of transmit- ting them to you or to others for publication ; if this is well done, we may anticipate some very interesting communica- tions this autumn. The chief points will be, the nature of the soil in which the experiment is made, the situation, whether moist or dry, sheltered or exposed, the quantity used, the time of sowing, of coming into bloom, and of ri- pening, the size and weight of the produce, the species of seed sown, the season, whether wet or dry. I have been also trying experiments on various plants with nitrate of soda ; in every case I placed two plants, of the same species, and of nearly the same size, close together ; one of them was watered three times a week, with a very weak solution of this salt, the other was under the usual VOL. IX. NO. V. 22 170 Experiments with Guano^ H^'c. management. The effect of the nitrate of soda has now become very evident, the plants watered with it are larger and earlier in bloom than the others; it appears however to me probable, that these etiects will be rather evanescent, and the plants will always require this stimnlant. I observe in the English publications, that this constant necessity for the stimulant, is urged against all these new manures, but surely there is no strength in this argument. All manures become exhausted, and the farmer has always to apply the stimulant of his manure-heap, to make his land bear. From some experiments I have made, 1 think that guano will prove a manure of nuich greater permanence than any that is now in use, particularly in soils deficient in phosphate of lime. Yours truly, J. E. T Boston^ Aprils 1843. The new guano manure is rapidly obtaining a more ex- tended notice, and it is with great pleasure that we are en- abled to offer the above remarks by our correspondent, Mr. Teschemachcr, who has instituted a greater number of ex- periments with it than any other individual in the country. It is now a year or more since he first made use of the guano, and he is more confirmed than ever of its great value to the cultivator of plants, as Avell as to the cultiva- tor of the more staple products of the farm. We may, therefore, refer those who wish to make a trial of the guano, to his remarks above, which will form a guide to their ex- periments, and put them on their guard against a too free use of this powerful fertilizing substance. It is but a short time since we commenced some experi- ments with the guano; but so far as we liave used it, its effects have been good. Early in February a hundred or more young roses were potted oft" into No. 2 pots, using the same soil for all, and without any intention of making use of guano. A small quantity, however, was given to us by a friend, and we gave directions to have a trial of it made upon a few roses. Twenty-four plants were selected, as nearly equal in size as possible ; twelve of them were wa- tered with liquid manure, made by putting eight gallons of water to half a peck of poudrette, and the other twelve were watered with liquid guano, made in the proportion of one pound to tioelve gallons water. Only two waterings were given, at the interval of a week each. For fifteen or twenty days no difference was perceived in the twenty-four plants, Ornamental Annual Climbing Flowers. i71 but at the end of the next ten days those watered with guano had thrown up strong suckers, and the fohage pre- sented a deep green and healthy hue ; showing at once its superiority over the poudrette. This is the only experi- ment we have yet tried ; but having obtained another small parcel of the guano, we shall try other experiments, and we hope to have the pleasure of laying before our readers their results, together with some account of the numerous trials which have been made with this article in England. Ed. Art. IV, List of the most Ornamental Annual Climb- ing Flowers, with Remarks on their Cultivation and Treatment. By the Editor. No plants among the great number of annual flowers possess more interest or beauty than many of the climbers, and yet few are more neglected or unappreciated. The morning glory, the sweet pea, the scarlet flowering bean, and the common nasturtium are admired sorts, found in most all gardens; but these have so long been known, that we do not include them among the kinds which, though in- troduced within the last eight or ten years, have not yet seemed to receive that attention that they merit from the elegance or brilliancy of their flowers. We have reference to the new sorts of Tropse^olum, the thunbergias, lophos- permums, maurandyas, Calampelis, &c. One cause of the limited cultivation of the latter, is the difficulty attending the growth of the seeds, which, from their smaller size or greater delicacy, in comparison with others, are more difficult to vegetate, unless greater atten- tion is given to them than to the common kinds. Their great beauty, however, compensates for any extra care which may be required to ensure their successful growth. The maurandyas, the thunbergias, and the lophosper- mums are very desirable plants for cultivation in pots ; trained to fancy-shaped trellises, they form highly orna- mental objects for the parlor, and, if well managed, may be kept in bloom for a long time. These trellises may be made of wire, or of split rattan, the latter being much the cheapest, and may be formed in any shape the cultivator's 172 ()r)ia)nent(d A/intial CUmbins' I'^lnccrs, taste may suggest. In a previous volume (V. p. 252,) we gave an engraving of one for training verbenas, which might answer a very good purpose ; but perhaps flat ones would be preferable for taller-growing plants. The stake in the centre should be about three feet high, and half an inch in diameter ; and through this the rattan should pass, first making jioles at proper distances with a common awl. Those who wish to cultivate climbing plants in this way, will find no trouble in making trellises which will answer every purpose. Before using them, they should be painted green. But our object is now to describe all the most desirable climbers for the open garden, with the hope that, as they will thus be rendered better known, and the difiiculties in regard to their cultivation removed as much as possible, they may be more generally introduced into our gardens. Before naming the several plants, we will offer some re- marks on the method we have generally adopted in growing annual climbers. We have alluded to the plan once or twice when speaking of that splendid gem, the cypress vine; but as it may not be sufficiently understood by all, we will explain by the aid of an engraving. {,fig. 8.) In this plan, a strong stake eight or nine feet long, and two inches in diameter at the base, is driven into the ground sufficiently deep (eighteen to twenty inches) to prevent the wind from having any effect upon it un- less very violent ; fifteen or twenty inches from the centre of this stake, describing a circle, should be put down eight or more strong forked pegs ; these may be cut from the branches of trees, and should be full fifteen inches long. On the top of the stake, a neat frame ten inches in diameter should be fastened ; this may be easily made by nailing together thin strips of board, as shown in the plan. If this is considered too much trouble, a hoop may be substituted, first nailing two strips across the centre, each way, in order to fasten it to the stake. The whole, when com- pleted, should be painted green. Itwillthenbeready for form- ing a pyramid for the plants : this is done by passing strong their CvUication, ame till they are well rooted, Avhen they may be hardened off by gradual exposure to the air, and may their Cultivation. 6f'c. 179 finally be planted out where they are to stand, selecting a warm and sheltered place. The pyramid form is the best mode of training the plant, and its redundant growth will soon clothe every part of it with foliage, which will be suc- ceeded by thousands of unique blossoms. For cultivation in pots this is an admirable plant. Ii will require a good-sized pot, (No. 5,) and a trellis at least^ three feet high ; the soil should be leaf mould, heath soiP and loam, in equal parts, with a small quantity of sand. On the approach of cold weather, the plants should be taken into the greenhouse or parlor, and they will continue to flower nearly all winter. In the spring they may be turned out into the border, where they will continue to flower. T. 7ndji(s (Common large Nasturtium,) is too well known to need a description. It is a showy plant. 7'. mdjiis var. atrosajiguineum, (Crimson Nasturtium). This variety is a garden hybrid, of late origin, and much more splendid than the parent. The flowers are of a rich velvety crimson : figured in Mrs. Loudon's Fl. Gard. of Or- 7iamcntal Anintals, pi. 21. T. mnjus var. vennstiini (Spotted Nasturtium). Another elegant variety, raised by hybridization a few years ago. The flowers are deep yellow, with a dark stripe or mark up the centre of each lobe. It was received from Ghent, and is figured in Paxton's Mag. of Bot.., Vol. I. p. 194. The three last are of the easiest growth. The seeds should be sown in the open ground, in any good soil, in May, and when the young plants are six inches high, they should have a trellis, stake, or some other support, to ex- tend their shoots. Caldmpelis scdhra. Synonym : Ecremocarpus scaber. One of the most elegant climbing plants is the calampelis : with its racemes of deep orange tubular blossoms, and its small and slender foliage, it forms a running plant of great beauty. It is a native of Chili, and was introduced in 1824. Figured in the Bot. Reg. t. 939. {O^ufig. 13, p. 180.) Its cultivation is similar to the Lophospermum; it is however hardier, and flourishes well in any situation with a favorable soil. The seeds should be sown in April, in a hotbed or frame, as they are slow in vegetating unless in a rather brisk heat. When the young plants are of sufficient size, they should be potted off into small pots, or 180 Orname)ital Annual Ciiinbiyig Flowers. if the season is advanced so that there is no danger from frost, they may at once be turned out into the border. They j^ will require some kind of support as the new shoots extend, and in August and September the plants will bloom abundantly, displaying their deep orange flowers, which have a lively appearance, inter- mixed with the maurandya, &c. As a pot plant, the calampelis pos- sesses much value; during April and May it will flower freely in the greenhouse, and when set out in the open garden in May, it will continue to Throw out its beautiful flowers all the season. Fumaria capreoldta (sometimes called Mountain Fringe). This Calampelis scabra. ^^^^-^^^ of Fumaria is a dclicate and pretty climber, with finely divided leaves and clusters of flesh-colored flowers. Tt is not common in gardens, though it was introduced to England many years since. It is easily grown, plants having perpetuated themselves in our garden for nearly twenty years. Trained in pyramid form, it would undoubtedly have a fine appearance. It grows and runs freely side of a fence or trellis, and attains the height of eight or ten feet. The seeds may be sown at any time in May, in the open ground. Cobce'a scandens is sometimes treated as an annual; but it is such a robust grower, that unless the seeds are planted in March or April, and the plants brought forward rapidly, it rarely flowers in sufficient abundance to pay for the la- bor. Those who wish to try it, should plant the seeds in early, in a hotbed, and prick out the plants into small pots, shifting them occasionally, till the weather is suffi- ciently mild to turn them out into the border. Locisa aiiranliaca is a handsome plant, with large dark- red flowers, and curiously twisted capsules, growing to the height of six or eight feet. It is a native of South Ameri- ca, and was sent to England by Mr. Tweedie in 1836. The seeds should be sown in a hotbed, and the young plants removed in May to the open border. The only objection to the general introduction of this plant to our gardens, is the Floricultiiral and Botanical Notices. 181 stinging character of its prickly foliage, which prevents its being handled without giving pain whenever any of the prickles insert themselves in the tlesh. Were it not for this peculiar property, we should advise every lover of flowers to cultivate it. In addition to all we have now described, there are the scarlet running bean, sweet peas, of sorts, the striped pear, mock orange and bottle, gourds, which are pretty an- nual climbers, suitable for covering arbors, walls, fences, &c. ; the beans and gourds being too coarse for other pur- poses. We have thus, we believe, given the names and descrip- tions of all the various kinds of climbing plants which may be treated as annuals, that are really worthy of culti- vation ; and if our directions are followed in regard to their management, we have no fear but what the several kinds may be obtained in full perfection. Art. V. Floricidtvral and Botanical Notices of Next) Plants^ figured in foreign periodicals ; with Remarks on those recently introduced to, or originated /??, American gardens, and additional information upon plants already in ciiltivation. Edwards's Botanical Register, or Ornamental Flower Gar- den and Shrubbery. Each number containing from six to eight plates ; with additional miscellaneous intbrmation, relative to new plants. In monthly numbers : 35. plain, 35, &d. colored. Paxton^s Magazine of Botany, and Register of Flowering Plants. Each number containing four colored plates. Monthly, 25. 6c?. each. Edited by J, Paxton, gardener to the Duke of Devonshire. The Gardener' s Chronicle, a stamped newspaper of Rural Economy and General News. Fdited by Prof. Lindley. Weekly. Price 6c?. each. Botanical and Floricultural Intelligence. Plants collected by the Exploring Expedition. — At page 7, we made some 182 Floricullural and Botanical Notices remarks in relation to the plants brought home by the Ex- ploring Expedition. In Silliman's Journal for April, is a paper of some length, giving a brief account of the Expedi- tion, the track of the vessels as laid down in Capt. Wilkes' Synopsis of the Cruise, the number of birds, animals, rep- tiles, fishes, plants, Otc. collected, the drawings made, and other interesting particulars. From this we learn that "the aflairs of the Expedition are in the hands of the library committee of Congress, and, under tiieir direction, Capt, Wilkes has been put in charge of the history of the voyage : the charts and philosophical observations, and the other- departments of science, are placed in the hands of those that had charge of them during the voyage, hiach will prepare his own reports, reap his own honors, and be held respon- sible for his own facts. The extent of the work cannot be definitely stated: the plates will form several folio volumes in the style of the voyage of the Astrolabe." Ten thousand species of plants, and upwards of fifty thousand specimens, constitute the herbarium of the Expe- dition. The following catalogue gives the number of spe- cies collected at the several places visited : Madeira, . 300 Fejee Islands, . 786 Cape Verd, 60 Coral Islands, . 29 Brazil, 980 Sandwich Islands, 883 Rio Negro, (Patagon .) 150 Oregon, . 1218 Terra del Fuego, 220 California, 519 Chih, 442 Manilla, . 381 Peru, 820 Singapore, 80 Tahiti, . 288 Mindanao, 102 Samoa (Nav. Ids.) . 457 Sooloo Islands, 58 New South Wales, . 787 Mangsi Islands, 80 New Zealand, . 398 Cape of Good Hope, 300 Aucland Islands, 50 St. Helena, 20 Tongatabu, 236 9646 Including the mosses, lichens and sea-weeds, the num- ber will exceed ten thousand. Besides dried specimens, two hundred and four living plants were brought home, and are now in the greenhouse in the yard ol' the Patent Office, along with many others raised from seed. The kinds of seed obtained amount to eleven hundred and fifty- six. Many of the Expedition plants arc now growing in of New Plants. 183 the various greenhouses of the country, and also in Eng- land and Europe. Specimens of diflerent woods have been preserved, the most interesting of which are those of large arborescent species of O'xalis, Fiola, Ripogonum, Piper, (Geranium, Argyroxiphium, Dracocephalum, i^ubus, Brome- \ia, Lobel/«, and Compositse of various kinds, besides sec- tions of the tree ferns and palms of the tropics. There are colored drawings of one hundred and eighty species of plants, beautifully executed. (Silliman's Journal iox April, 1843.) Myi'iacecB. HYPOCALY'MMA. (From hypo, under, and kahjmma, a veil, in allusion to the Ijracts that veil the calyx from below.) robustum JEdrfZ. Larger peach BIyrtle. A greenhouse shrub ; growing two feet high; with red flowers ; appearing in spring ; "a native of New Holland ; introduced in 1841 ; increased by cuttings; grown in loam, heath mould and sand. Bot. Reg., t. 8, 1843. "One of the beautiful little myrtaceous plants peculiar to the south-west of New Holland, which might be easily mistaken for small almond or peach bushes, so much are the flowers like them." The leaves are linear-lanceolate, and the flowers appear in axillary clusters, forming dense spikes over the wiiole plant. It was raised from seeds by Messrs. Lucombe, Pince and Co. of Exeter. The plants grow freely in loam and heath mould, with a small portion of sand, and the pots should have a free drainage, to carry off all superfluous water. In sunniier, it should be liberally watered, and when in the greenhouse, placed in an airy situation. {BoL Reg.. Feb.) PapiliondcecE. HOWE./? racpmulosa Bentli. Spike-Ielted Hovea, A greenhouse plant ; growing two feet high ; with pale purple flowers ; .-ippearing in spring ; a native of New Holland; increased by cut- tings ; grown in loniii and heath soil. Bot. Reg., t. 4, 1843. A new and pretty species of the H6ve«, not so handsome as the pilngens or Cels?", but by " no means unattractive when well contrasted with plants whose colors are not bright enough to kill it" The leaves are oblong-linear and tomentose beneath; the flowers appear in axillary race- mes, and clothe the stems for several inches in length. It is a fine greenhouse plant, and easy of cultivation. It first flowered in the garden of R. Mangles, Esq. {Bol. Reg. Jan.) VortulacecB. TAL!'NUM Adanson teretilolium Pursk Slonder-Ieaved Talinum. A hardy herbaceous plant ; growing a foot high; with crimson flowers ; appearing in summer; a native of North America; increased by seeds. Bot. Reg., t. 1, 1843. A rather interesting herbaceous plant, found in various 184 FlariciiUiiral and Botanical Notices. parts of the country, from Texas to Pennsylvania, trailing over naked rocks, its favorite place of resort. It is proba- bly quite hardy iif placed in a dry situation. In England, being yet rare, it is treated as a greenhouse plant. The plant has a dwarf habit, with simple leaves and panicles of deep crin '.son flowers. It was raised from seeds received from the Berlin Horticullural Society in 1811. [Bot. Reg.. Jan.) Volemonidcece. PHLO'X. (Garden hybrid) Van Houtle's Plilox. A h:irdy Ijerliuceoua plant ; growing two fi-et liigli, with variegated flowers; appearing in October; increased by division of the root. Bot. Keg. f. 5, 1843. In our Feb. number, (p. 54,) we made mention of this new seedling, which has lately been introduced to notice. We now have a figure of the same before us, and it fully comes up to the description then given. It is a variety of remarkable beauty, " looking as if P. sauveolens had been crossed with P. caroliniana. leaving, on a white ground, a crimson evidence of its paternity. The appearance of the plant is beautiful, far beyond any thing yet seen in the ge- nus Phlox; and we were almost going to say, beyond any thing among the hardy perennials in cultivation." The engraving represents the flowers with a white ground, and a deep crimson stripe through the centre of each petal. It was raised by M. Louis Van Houtte, nurseryman, of Ghent, who furnished the specimen, last October, from which the drawing was made. This we doubt not is only the commencement of the great changes which will here- after be made in the character of the phloxes, by means of hybridization. {Bot. Reg., Jan.) Bromclidcem. VRTE.S/.4 (in honor of" Dr. VV. dt- Vricae, Prof, of Botany at Amsterdam,) /Jn,!l. p?ittacina//oo/;<:r I'arrot-floweroil Vrie'ia. A stove plant ; growing two feet liigh ; with yel- low flowers ; nj-pearing in spring ; a native of Rio Janeiro, propagated by suckers ; grown in leaf inonid. Bot. Keg. t. 10, 1843. A pretty hothou.se plant, with a brilliant scarlet stem and pale yellow flowers. Dr. Lindley has established this out of Tilluiidsir/. and he thinks the T. helicona, a plant similar to the psittacina, will have to be placed under Vriesia. The plants should be potted in leaf mould, with plenty of potsherds for drainage, and an abundance of water should be given during the summer months. {Bot. Reg., Feb.) of New Plants. 185 Amaryllidkcece,. STENOME'SSON Herb. vitelliniim imd/. Yolk-of-Egg Stenomesson. A bulbous stove plant; growing one foot liigh ; with yellow flowers, appearins; in Spring ; a native of Lima ; introduced in 1841 ; propagated by offsets. Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 2. " Among the prettiest of the Western American bnlbs," and extremely rare. The habit of the plant is similar to an amaryllis. with small deep yelljow flowers. It is treated like the amaryllis, that is, keeping the bulbs cool and dry while at rest, and warm and moist when in a growing state. {^Bot. Reg., Jan.) hilidcea. AGAPAiNTHUS umbellitus var. m&ximus. Large-flowered African Blue Lily. A greenliouse bulb ; grow- ing 18 inches high ; with blue flowers ; appearing in September ; increased by offsets ; cultivated in loam, leaf mould, and rotten dung. Bot. Reg., 1843, t. 7. The common agapanthus, or blue lily, although not gen- erally cultivated, is a very showy plant: with its large um- bels of rich blue flowers, it makes a very ornamental ap- pearance, blooming in the month of August or September. The present subject is a variety of the umbellatus, with larger umbels and larger flowers: its origin is not known. The cultivation of the African lilies is thus given. — About the end of F^'ebruary, the plants should be potted in a mix- ture of rich loam, decomposed leaf mould, or well-rotted dung, and placed in a warm part of the greenhouse ; they should be freely supplied with water, and, at the end of May, they may be removed to the open air. The pots should be placed in a sheltered situation, in large pans filled with water, so that one third of the pots is immersed : or the pots may be placed by the side of a pond. When done flowering in the autumn, they should be gradually dried, by withholding water ; and when there is danger of frost, remove the plants to the cellar, or under the stage of the greenhouse, till the return of spring. They are easily in- creased by division of the roots when in a dormant state. {Boi. Reg.. Feb.) LVLIVM testJiceum Lindl. Yellow Japan Lily. A frame bulb ; growing 3 feet high ; with orange- colored flowers ; appearing in July and August ; a native of Japan ; increased by offsets ; cultivated in sandy peat, loam, and rotten dung. Bot. Reg., 1843, t. 11. Not equal in point of beauty to the L. speciosum, lanci- fdlinm and its varieties; it is however a species " that well deserves to be cultivated." The habit of the plant is sim- ilar to the other Japan species, and the stem is terminated VOL. IX. — NO. v. 24 1S6 FloricuUitral and Botanical Notices. with three to five pendulous yellow flowers, more or less spotted with orange. In regard to the management of this and the other species, the following hints are given. — Whe- ther planted or potted, the bulbs should be placed rather deep, because they make fibres above the bulb as well as below it : and when they must be shifted, it should be done while they are dormant. The greatest care sliould be taken during the operation of turning them out of the pots, and removing the crocks from among the fibres, without shak- ing oft' much of the soil. They should then be fresh potted in the soil above-named. Keep them rather dry till they begin to grow, when they may have more water. Increas- ed by the scales from the outside of the bulb. {Bot. Reg., Feb.) Garden Memoranda. — Management of Bracliycome \he- redifblia and other flower seeds. In the Gard. Chronicle we find some remarks on the growth of this new and beau- tiful plant, which are interesting to those who have pro- cured seeds, and are raising young plants. The beautiful Swan River Daisy never germinates under' a month or six weeks: it ought therefore to be among the first sown, in order to have strong plants fit to turn out in May. Inde- pendently of the brilliancy of its blue starry flowers, it is the best of annuals for a very dry summer, like the last ; but with many other small flowering syngenesious plants, its suffers much from wet. We had several beds of it here last season, blooming freely for nine or ten weeks, with scarcely any assistance from the watering pot. I think we shall always have to treat it as a half hardy plant at first. The seeds of this blue daisy, though as small as dust, are thus proved to possess great vitality. Every one who has been accustomed to gardening knows how to sow seeds; a few simple rules will therefore be suflicient for those who are just commencing. Whatever sized pots you use, it is a good rule to fill them one half with drainage ; rough sifted coal ashes arc as good as anything for this purpose. Very small seeds, such as those of lobelias, calceolarias, gesneras and the whole tribe of rhododendrons, azaleas and heaths require to be sown very thinhj upon the surface — the pots being previously watered. Only one kind of a seed should be sown in a pot, as they are liable to be disturbed by wa- Calls at Gardens and Nurseries : 187 tering, and thus get mixed together. After sowing, press the seeds down gently, to imbed them in the surface, and sprinkle a little white sand over them: not however with a view of covering the seeds, but to make a firmer surface, which future waterings will not so easily disturb, and which will in a great measure prevent dampness. As a further precaution against damp, to which these small seedlings, and many other things, are peculiarly liable on their first appearance, keep a potful of sand on the top of the fireplace, or ov^er a hot pipe or flue, for the next four months ; and as soon as tender seedlings of any sort make their appearance, sprinkle a Utile hot sand in amongst them occasionally whenever they show indications of dampness. I have never known this plan to fail. (Z>. Beatonin Gard. Chronicle, p. 71, 1843.) We have now several plants of this elegant annual, about two inches high. We found it rather difficult to get up the seeds. They were sown in February, in a pot, and placed on a shelf in the greenhouse, and the young plants began to rise in about three weeks, and continued coming up for two weeks longer. The plants are now potted off" singly, and are making a fine growth. A portion of them we shall cultivate in pots, and the remainder turn out into the garden. If it comes up to the description given of it in a previous volume, (VIII., p. 15,) we shall give our readers an engraving of the flower. — Ed. Art. VI. Calls at Gardens and Nurseries. Hawthorn Grove, Col. M. P. Wilder. — A short visit to Mr. Wilder's collection of plants, a few weeks ago, when the camellias were in full bloom, has given us an opportunity to notice some new varieties, of recent in- troduction. A great portion of the foreign camellias lately imported, particularly those from France, have proved en- tirely worthless. There are, however, some few among them which are truly splendid additions to this fine tribe of plants. Among those which we saw at Mr. Wilder's, we may name the Duchess of Orleans, a beautiful striped flow- 188 Hawthorn Grove, Col. M. P. Wilder. er, quite distinct : the form is as good as the double white, and there is a distinct red stripe through each petal : the specimen we saw had passed its greatest beauty ; but yet we could detect its decided superiority. C. var. Leedna su- perba was blooming finely, as were also Pratt//, (a noble flower), philadelphica and numerous others. Other new ones, wiiich are very fine, are pictorum roseum, rosetta, al- ba fenestrata (much like the old white), erecta, caelestina, and Sims/t plenissima. C. Grunelli is a large loose white flower; but nevertheless, to our eye, quite desirable; tri- color, a large plant of, had expanded upwards of twenty of its pretty flowers. Three or four seedlings have flowered during the season ; two of them very fine, but not equal to C. Wilder/. Next to camellias, the roses were the greatest objects of attraction — the collection of Mr. Wilder containing a great many of the fine new kinds. A few plants only were in flower, but among them were the crimson Madam Desprez, a new and compact deep-red flower ; Acidalee, Phoenix and Celemene — all Bourbons. Abbe Mioland, fine rich crimson ; Clara Sylvain, large, white, cupped, superb ; Duchess of Kent, fine shaded blush; General Soyez, lake, cupped and large: Henry V., rich bright crimson ; Infidelites de Lisette, very fine white. Some hybrid perpeluals, Prince Albert, Due d'Aumale, Triomphe de Flore, and a few others, were opening some fine flowers. Many others were in bloom, but we had not time to note them all down. It is gratify- ing to find the cultivation of the rose extending ; the num- ber of varieties is now immense, but all of them are more or less desirable in a large collection, though some are far preferable to others. The collection of azaleas is large, and includes many new varieties, from France and Germany, of recent impor- tation. The kinds we saw in flower were. — A. nova blan- ca, white; phoenicia alba, white; atroviolacea, purple ; macrantha, rich purple ; grandiflora. light crimson ; Snith// coccinea, scarlet ; and upwards of 50 others. Some new heaths have recently been added, which were received by arrivals per steamship. The plants all appeared in good condition — showing that, by this mode of conveyance, all the fine kinds may be imported alive. Of the fine climb- ing tribe of clematis, we noticed here several kinds, and of the number, the beautiful azurea grandiflora. A large plant Domestic Notices. 189 of Chorizema varium was just pushing into full iiower. Two fine large plants of Lechenaultia formosa, over a foot high, were loaded with their brilliant flowers. Several other plants we noted down on our memoranda, but we have not room to mention them all at this time. Some of the new dahlias had just been received. Among them Essex Triumph, Virgil and others of first-rate beauty. We should not fail to speak of the beauty of the schizanthus, which Mr. Wilder's gardener is very successful in cultivating. A great number of plants, 4 to 6 feet high, were covered with a profusion of its delicate and beautiful flowers. MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Art. I. Domestic A'bfices. The Progress of Horticultural Improvement j'/i Cincinnati, Ohio. — You have no doubt observed by the Cincinnati papers that a Horticultural Society is at length fornied in this city. This has been done with the most flattering prospects of success ; it has been, and is, met by our intel- ligent cultivators, amateurs and citizens, in a way which cannot fail to produce beneficial results, not only to this region but to the whole coun- try. The means for usefulness here are extensive ; it is a field in which we shall find ample employment ; which will require diligence, prudence, perseverance and steadiness of purpose, to bring out its hidden riches ; great care will especially be required on the subject of fruits, as tliis is in a complete state of derangement, although tliere is no country in the world where it is found in greater quantity or of finer flavor and quality. This arises from various causes ; the most fruitful source of this derange- ment is the fact, that the Western people, although by no means deficient in good taste, have been obliged to devote their whole time to tlie pursuit of their various professions, and it is only very recently that there have been gentlemen of means and leisure to devote themselves to this subject. Indeed, when we take into view the fact tliat scarcely half a century has elapsed since this whole region was a howling wilderness, in tlie peace- able possession of the noble red man, unmolested in his pursuit of his game, we shall be surprised at what has been accomplished. To syste- matize, classify and identify the various fruits which have been introduced from abroad, and to collect and trace to undoubted sources all valuable seedling fruits, will be one prominent object of the Society. This will of course require great diligence, and must necessarily be slow in its pro- cess.. It is gratifying to meet with so general a response in this effort from gentlemen of intelligence abroad, where united action is so essential to a carrying out the liberal objects of the Society in promoting the pub- lic good. 190 Domestic Notices. Cincinnati, undoubtedly, from its locality, population, its readiness of access by water from all points, is the most suitable point in the West for sucli a Society to diffuse its benefits and happy influence over the country. In Floriculture, this city is by no means deficient; there are not less than from eight to ten greenhouses in tliis city and its suburbs, a part of which are quite extensive, and in some of which collections may be found which will bear a comparison with any in the Union, especially the cactuses in Mr. Longworth's house. Great attention is paid to the camellia, dahlia, roses, azaleas, geraneums, &c. There are also many extensive private gardens, tastefully arranged, and amply supplied witJa shrubbery, fruit, ornamental plants and flowers. There are in the vicinity some eight or ten public nurseries, some of which have quite extensive collections in tlie various departments, and it is especially gratifying that this department (of Horticulture,) is assuming, in accordance witli public requirement, a more elevated stand, and I cannot help indulging a hope that the day is not distant when it shall be placed in its proper position. The vegetable market gardens, which are conducted by skilful garden- ers, are very numerous and extensive, from whicli our markets are supplied with an abundance of vegetables of the very best character, at all sea- sons of the year. Their operations arc by no means confined to this city, but a large outlet is found for the river trade. On the whole, there is every thing to encourage us in our operations ; we have had several interesting meetings of the Society, at which there has been much valuable fruit exhibited ; some of doubtful origin ; some highly praised seedlings, which were found on examination to be worth- less. There is a great feverishness for the introduction of new seedling fruits, witliout suflicient regard to superior quality and excellence. Amongst all the known seedlings wliich have thus far come under our observation, there are only three or four which prove worthy of attention, with two of which I have already furnished my brethren of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society ; the others I will not fail to supply them with. — / remain yours., with respect, A. H. Ernst. Cincinnati, April, 1843. Advantage of Viold or Colored Glass for Vegetating Seeds. — Mr. Edi- tor : if you will be so kind as to devote a place to the following in your very useful Magazine, it will be of much advantage to many of your sub- scribers. A friend of mine who had no faith in the efficacy of purple glass for vegetating diflicult seeds or striking cuttings, tried an experiment to prove his'^belief to be correct. He planted in a pot of considerable size some seeds of the verbena, and placed a piece of flat violet-colored glass over one half of the pot, and a piece of clear window-glass over the other half, and set it in his dwelling-house window. In a few days after he looked at it, and found the seeds had come up very numerous under the violet glass, and not a seed made its appearance under the white ; and he is ready, of course, to acknowledge there is more virtue in purple than in white glass for vegetation. — A Subscriber. Boston, April, 1843. The Mississippi Horticultural Society have taken hold of the subject in right good earnest. We have before us a paper forwarded by the president, Mr. Hatch, containing a schedule of the premiums to be awarded during the year. There are to be seven exhibitions : — one April 8th, one May 6th, one June 3d, one July 1st, one Aug. 5th, one in September, and one Oct. 14th. A gold medaJ, is offered for the best varieties of hardy roses, and Domestic Notices. 191 one for the best six varieties of China roses. A gold medal is also offer- ed for the best three varieties of dahlias, and one for the best seedling ; together with numerous other small premiums to the amount of nearly one hundred dollars. Much credit is due to Mr. Hatch for his exertions in advancing the objects of the Society by a liberal donation of plants, to be awarded as premiums. — Ed. Forcing the Franconia Raspberry. — Mr. J. F. Allen, of Salem, whose success in forcing the peach and grape has enabled him to obtain several premiums of the Mass. Horticultural Society, informs us he has been very successful in forcing the PVanconia raspberry, the present season. He exhibited a specimen of the fruit at the last meeting of the Horticultural Society. Mr. Allen has kindly promised us an account of liis mode of treating the plants, wJiich we shall give in a future number. — Ed. The Ohio Grape. — A careful inspection of the wood of the Ohio and Norton seedling grape has convinced us that they are one and the same variety. We have procured one of the Ohio grapes, in order to test it to our satisfaction ; and on comparing the wood, shape of the buds, &c., Ave were struck witli the resemblance. No other grape possesses that pecu- liar property, viz. the dark-red wood ; it is a complete claret color. Nor is the wood all. Tliree years ago, Mr. Kenrick, while residing at Nor- folk, Virginia, cultivating tlie Jl/orus multicaulis, had an opportunity of inspecting the Norton seedling in bearing, and lie liked the variety so well that, on his return in tlie autumn of that year, he brought several bunches of the grape, which he exhibited at the rooms of the Mass. Hor. Society, as noticed by us (Vol. HI. p. 43(3). Last fall, Mr. Longworth sent us two bunches of the Ohio grape ; and, so far as our recollection serves us, they resembled the Norton seedling, both in regard to color and size of the berry. Those who have the Norton seedling, or can procure it easily, need have no fears that they will not possess the Ohio grape. — The Norton seedling being only half the price of the Ohio, is also an inducement to purchase it. — Ed. The Bassatio Beet, noticed at p. 99, has been introduced to this country. Our friend and correspondent, M. B. Bateham, formerly seedsman in Rochester, N. Y., has kindly sent us a small paper of the seeds, which Ave shall feel a pleasure in distributing among our friends. He procured the seeds in Scotland tliree years since, when on a visit to that country. — Since then, it has been cultivated in the vicinity of Rochester, Avhere it is generally esteemed for its earliness, sweetness and tenderness, as a table vegetable. — Ed. Ever-bearing Raspberry. — Another variety, under this name, is noticed in the American Agriculturist, as growing in New York. It is quite dif- ferent from the Ohio Ever-bearing, described in our last volume, (p. 362.) The branches are smaller and destitute of prongs at the end of them, necessary for self-propagation. Its fruit is also different, more resembling the Red Antwerp than any other variety cultivated. It begins to ripen about the 15th of July, and continues bearing till cut off by frost. The plants are growing in the garden of R. Emmet, Esq., who states that it was originally procured by his father from the garden of Dr. Hosack, at Hyde Park ; beyond this its origin cannot be traced. — {Am. Ag.) 192 Retrospective Criticl Art. II. Retrospective Criticism. Errata. — In the March number, p. 87, seventeen lines from the top, for " places " read " place " ; p. 96, ten lines from the bottom, for " vine " read " vinery." In our January and February numbers, in publishing tlie communications of Mr. Ernst to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, two errors occur. The name of the person wlio introduced the original tree of the stone pear (p. 26,) should have been "Jones" instead of " James " ; the name of tlie gentleman who was the first to bring the Broadwell apple to notice (p. 51,) should have been " Broadwell" instead of " Bradwell." Proiluctiveness of Hovexj's Sttdling Straicberry. — I am happy to say tliat tlie Hovey Seedling Strawberry bore well last year, and no male with them. There may be some mistake, and I think it is tliis : that rujme?"* very often degenerate, taken at a distance from the parent stock. I had a bed of Victorias : they degenerated and became small and worthless. It is a sub- ject worthy your examination. I may give you a paper upon this when I have accumulated more facts. I believe that we can trace the loss of many apples, &c. to this cause. — Yours, J. L. R. Huntington, L. I., JV. Y. Cidtivatio7i of Grapes mider glass. — (In answer to the Editor, p. 86.) — In your Magazine for March, 1843, is an article of yours on the cultiva- tion of grapes under glass, as grown by Mr. Crawshay, in England. From this I should judge, that the superiority of his fruit was owing to the constant circulation of air in the house. If it is in vour power, it would be useful to inform us when these vines were planted, what system of pruning was practised before the vines came into bearing, how many years planted before allowed to fruit, and the weight of the crop suffered to mature on each vine in successive years. The close pruning appears to be similar to the Thomery practice. Your remarks on the quality of the grapes sent to Boston for sale are very just; at Covent Garden Market, it would be difficult to make them believe that many of the grapes sold in Boston as Black Hamburg were in reality such. I have seen and eaten much fruit obtained there ; the bunches are usually small and compact, weighing about half a pound each, berries of equal size, very black and covered witli a fine bloom — but large bunches are grown. At the Society's exhibition at their garden, Chiswick, in July, 1836, there was a bunch of Black Hamburg weighing eight lbs. six oz. and bunches of Muscat of Alexandria weighingfive and six lbs. each. It is of the greatest importance that grapes should have color ; without it they cannot be rich in flavor — they may be sweet, but not sprightly. Let any one compare the fruit at the exhibitions of the Horticultural So- ciety with much that is exposed for sale, and the difference will be very apparent. I differ from you in the following : — you say " By the means of houses in which artificial heat may be applied, grapes of the finest quality may be produced the year round ; or at least with scarcely any expense of fire heat, and but little trouble, from June to January." It is more difficult to grow grapes in this country in winter than in Eng- land, our climate being much colder. If you begin to force a grape-house (the vines of which have been kept dormant during summer) the 15th Oct., you can hardly expect ripe fruit before the middle of March ; and in Retrospective Criticism. 193 this winter-forcing, tlie roots of the vines should be covered with glass, or manure and litter, to keep out the frost. It would require great care and attention to air and fires, to meet with any success at this season, and the fruit would cost very high. By covering the border witli glass and be- ginning fires early in January, you may have the fruit ripe by 1st June — or, after the blossom is off, by keeping a very high temperature, the 15th of May ; but this is not done without great care and attention, and no one who cannot devote these should attempt it. Vines forced in January, with the roots in a frozen border, do not fruit — such has been my experience. My vines forced in January, the roots of which are covered with glass, are now (10th April) in fine order, with the fruit far advanced. The 1st of March is generally allowed to be the best time to begin to force vines : the risk from cold is much less, and the increase of light and heat from the sun renders it natural for them to grow — and, Avith proper management, the fruit may be ripe tlie last of July. In a cold house and a simple covering of glass, it is not safe to start the vines before the 10th to loth April; with a favorable season and the other requisites, the fruit will be ripe from the middle of August to Sep- tember : a few bunches over a moderate crop prolongs the time of ripen- ing. WJien the fruit is perfectly ripe, and kept dry, it may be preserved two or three months, and even into January — after this time it shrivels and loses its flavor. If this is correct, it follows that grapes may be had ten months of the year; but the great trouble and expense of the October forcing puts this almost out of the question. It will be, and no doubt is, occasionally done by gentlemen for their amusement ; to supply any de- mand for the market, it would never repay the cost. The January forcing then is the first from which it is probable any will be grown by amateurs for their amusement, or for the market ; and this crop may be ripe from 15th May to 1st June : from this date to 15th January is eight months, and these are the limits in Avhich grapes in any quantity will be found. As to the little trouble in forcing grapes, if you will refer to Mr. Johnson's Di- ary, (which is an excellent guide to a beginner,) in your Magazine for June, 1842, it will appear that the attention — daily watering, syringing and thinning the berries — is not trifling; and as to the expense, in a small house 33 feet front, heated by flue and hot water, it costs for fuel, from January to June, $'30 ; interest on cost of house, and the expense of re- pairs, #50 ; dressing for border, $5 ; total, $85. There are ten vines on front border; and an average crop of 15 pounds each gives 150 pounds, (which is enough until the vines are ten years old,) — about 57 cents per lb. without charge of labor. There remains the back wall, but very little fruit is ever grown on this : a small charge for labor would make the cost more than they sell at in Boston. Thus, it does not appear to be the case that they may be grown so easily or cheaply ; and as to the quality, the best evidence of the difficulty of producing superior, high-colored fruit is the fact, mentioned by you, tliat so large a proportion in Boston market is of such inferior quality. The confinement and trouble, care and expense, attending the growing fine forced grapes, is very great; and these re- marks of yours would lead an inexperienced person, who acted on them, to be sadly disappointed. The grape has a strong propensity to bear fruit early ; and the first year of fruiting often ripens a very large crop, to its damage for years after. — Yours., ^9. VOL. IX. — NO. V. 25 191 M'isf!nc/tus:c//.^ Hortlculfural Sorieli/. Art. III. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Saturday, April 1, 1843. — A stated meeting of the Society was held to- day. The President being absent, Mr. French, Vice-President, took the Chair. The President, together witli Messrs. Walker and Vose, were appoint- ed a Special Committee relative to the Society's interests specified in the report in relation to the late R. Manning's estate. Scions of tlie Stone pear and Broad well apple, received from A. H. Ernst, corresponding member, Cincinnati, were distributed among the members. The Treasurer's report to the Society, for 1842, was presented by Mr. Vose, Chairman of the Finance Committee, read, and accepted. Ad- journed five weeks, to May Gth. The following are the reports of the Committees, offering premiums for 1843. LIST OF PREMIUMS FOR 1843. Committee on Flowers. Tulips — For the best display of not less than thirty blooms, a pre- mium of " . . . $4 00 For the second best display of not less than tliirty blooms, a pre- mium of • . . . 2 00 Geraniums — For the best display of cut flowers, Avitli foliage in single trusses, a premium of 5 00 For the second best display of cut flowers, with foliage in single trusses, a premium of 3 00 P.KONIES — For the best display of flowers, a premium of . . .") 00 For the second best display, a premium of . . . . 3 00 Pansies — For the best display of fine varieties, a premium of . 9 00 For the best six varieties, a premium of 1 00 For the best seedling, a premium of 1 00 Roses — in classes: — Class 1. — Hardy kinds. For the best thirty dissimilar blooms, a premium of . . . 7 00 For the second best thirty dissimilar blooms, a premium of . 5 00 For the third best thirty dissimilar blooms, a premium of . .3 00 Class 2. — Bourbon, Chinese, Tea and JVoisettes. For the best display of flowers, a premium of . . . . 5 00 For the second best display of flowers, a premium of . . 3 00 Class 3. — Perpetual and other Roses. For the best display of Perpetual and other roses, to be shown in the Fall, a premium of 3 00 For the second best display, a premium of . . . . 2 00 Pinks — For the best display of flowers, a premium of . . . 4 00 For the best six varieties, a premium of 2 00 For the best seedling, a premium of 2 00 Carnations and Picotees — For the best display of flowers, a premium of . . . 5 00 Massachusetts Horticidtural Society. 195 For tlie second best display of flowers, a premium of . . $3 00 For the best seedling, a premium of 2 00 Balsams — For the best six plants in bloom, in pots, a premium of 3 00 For the best display of cut flowers, a premium of . . . 2 00 German Asters — For the best display of flowers, a premium of . 3 00 For the second best display, a premium of . . . . 2 00 Phloxes — For the best display of flowers, a premium of . . 3 00 For the second best display, a premium of . . . . 2 00 Dahlias — in the followinsr divisions and Division A. — Open to all Cultivators. Premier Prize — For the best twelve dissimilar blooms, a premi- um of 10 00 Specimen Bloom — For the best bloom, a premium of . . . 3 00 Division B. — Opeii to all Cultivators of more than Two Hundred Plants. Class I — For the best twenty-four dissimilar blooms, a premium of 7 CO For the second best twenty-four dissimilar blooms, a premium of 5 00 Class II — For the best twelve dissimilar blooms, a premium of . 5 00 For the second best twelve dissimilar blooms, a premium of . 3 00 Class III — For the best six dissimilar blooms, a premium of . 3 00 For tlie second best six dissimilar blooms, a premium of . . 2 00 Division C. — Open to all Cidtivators of less than Two Hundred Plants. Class I — For the best twenty-four dissimilar blooms, a premium of 7 00 For the second best twenty-four dissimilar blooms, a premium of 5 00 Class II — For the best twelve dissimilar blooms, a premium of . 5 00 For the second best twelve dissimilar blooms, a premium of . 3 00 Class III — For the best six dissimilar blooms, a premium of . 3 00 For the second best six dissimilar blooms, a premium of . . 2 00 ?J!150 00 Samuel IValker, Chairman. The following rules and regulations will be observed in regard to the dahlia show : — 1. All growers who intend to exhibit, shall signify their intention to the Chairman of the Committee on Flowers, and in which class or at least one week before the day set for tlie exhibition. 2. Any persons may enter for the prizes of any of the classes, in either of the divisions to which they are eligible, but they cannot take more than one prize in division B. or C. 3. Each competitor will be required to declare tliat every flower exhib- ited by him is of his own growth, or has been grown under his care. 4. The judges for awarding the prizes in Division B., shall be selected from such cultivators or connoisseurs as are not competitors in that divis- ion ; and the same rule shall be observed in selecting judges for division C. 5. The judges shall be appointed by a majority of the exhibitors, whose decision shall be final, and to be chosen at the Society's room, on the first Saturday in September, at twelve o'clock, noon. Notice of this meeting to be given by the Chairman of the Flower Committee to such persons as have signified their intentions of competing for the premiums. 196 Mussuchiisetts Horticultuml Socidy. 6. Eacli competitor shall give to the Chairman of tlie Flower Coinniit- tee a list of tlie names of tlie Howers he exhibits, sealed up, and signed with his name. 7. The blooms shall be shown in bottles, provided by tlie Society, with- out foliage, or any other embellishment. 8. No seedling, not sold out, will be allowed to be placed in either of the divisions or classes, except the seedling class ; nor must any stand contain two blooms of the same variety. 9. The judges shall sign their award with a declaration upon their honor, that, to the best of their knowledge, they have decided upon the respective merits of the flowers exhibited. Committee on Fruit. The Committee on Fruits recommend the following premiums to be awarded for the ensuing year: — Apples — For the best Summer Apples, to be exhibited previous to the 1st September, $!5 00 For the best Fall Apples, to be exhibited previous to the 1st De- cember, 5 00 For the best Winter Apples, to be exhibited after December 1st, 5 00 Pears — For the best Summer Pears, to be exhibited previous to September 1st, 5 00 For the best Fall Pears, to be exhibited previous to December 1st, 5 00 For the best Winter Pears, to be exhibited after December 1st, 5 00 Cherries — For the best specimen of Cherries, . . . . 4 00 For the next best do. do., 2 00 Peaches — For the best exhibition of Peaches, . . . . 5 00 For the next do. do., 3 00 For the best Peaches grown under glass, 5 00 For the next best do. do., 3 00 Grapes — For the best Foreign Grapes grown under glass, exhib- ited before July 1, 8 00 For the next best do. do. do., 5 00 For the best grown under glass and exhibited after July 1, . 6 00 For the second best, 4 00 For the best grown in open culture (Foreign), . . . . 5 00 For the best Native Grapes, open culture, . . . . 3 00 Apricots — For the best specimen of Apricots, . . . . 5 00 For the next best Apricots, 3 00 Nectarines — For the best specimen of Nectarines, . . . 3 00 Quinces — For the best specimen of Quinces, . . . . 2 00 Pi-UMS — For the best specimen of Plums, 5 00 For the next best do., 3 00 Gooseberries — For the best exhibition of Gooseberries, . . 3 00 Strawberries — For the best exhibition of Strawberries, . . 5 00 For the next best, 3 00 Currants — For the best specimen of Currants, . . . . 3 00 For the next best, • . . 2 00 Raspberries — For the best specimen of Raspberries, . . 4 00 For the next best, 2 00 Mulberries — For the best exhibition of Mulberries, . . . 3 00 Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 197 Water Melons— For the best exhibition of Water Melons, . $.-3 00 For the best green-fleslied Melons, 3 00 ^135 00 To be awarded in gratuities, lifleen dollars, .... 15 00 #150 00 Wells Premiuvu The Committee also offer the Wells Premiums for Apples, the produce of seedling trees, which have been brought into notice since 1829 : — For the best Summer Apples, not less than one dozen, a prem. of $25 00 For the best Fall or Autumn Apples, a premium of . . . 25 00 For the best Winter Apples, a premium of . . . . 25 00 Premiums to be awarded to the Members of the Society only ; and where the claims are not of sufficient merit, no premium will be awarded. This will be strictly adhered to, particularly in regard to the Wells pre- miums, where no premium will be awarded but in full evidence of its su- periority. Benjamin V. French, Chairman. Committee on Vegetables. The Committee on Vegetables recommend the following premiums to be offered the ensuing year : — Asparagus — For Asparagus, the earliest and largest four bunch- es, a premium of 3 00 Rhubarb — The largest and best, previous to the first Saturday in July, twelve stalks, 3 00 Peas — The earliest and best peck in June, . . . . 4 00 Lettuce — The finest six heads, of open culture, previous to the first Saturday in July, 2 00 Potatoes — The best peck previous to first Saturday in August, 3 00 Cucumbers — The best pair grown under glass, previous to the first Saturday in June, 4 00 The best and earliest, of open culture, 2 00 Beans — The earliest Large Lima, two quarts, . . . . 3 00 The earliest Dwarf, two quarts, 2 00 Cauliflowers — The best and largest four heads, . . . 3 00 Brocoli — The best and largest four heads, . . . . 3 00 Celery — The largest and best twelve roots, . . . . 3 00 Egg Plants— The finest six, 3 00 Tomatoes — The best, not less than one dozen, . . • .2 00 SquASHEs — The best display of the largest number of varieties at the annual exhibition, 5 00 For the best display of various vegetables at the annual exhibi- tion, (not including squashes,) 5 00 $50 00 For Gratuities, 10 00 #60 00 John A. Kenrkk, Cftahtnan. . 198 FiDicii'd Hall MarlxXt. Art. IV. Faneuil Hall Market. Roots, Tubers, tfv . Potatoes : Chenangoe.,)P:;Sii Common,.... )P- Si E-tpons,...;P-Si Nova soot., If- Si Sweet, per bushel, . . , Turnips, per bushel : Common, .... Ruta Bags, . . . Onions : Red, per bunch, . . White, per bunch, . New, per hunch, Yellow, per bushel, Red, per bushel, Beets, per bushel, . . Carrots, per bushel, . Parsnips, per bushel, . Salsify, per dozen roots, Horseradish, per pound. Radishes, per bunch, Garlic, per pound. . . Cabbages, Salads, c^c Cabbas^es, per dozen : Drumheads, . . . Savovs, .... Red Dutch, . . . Brocolis, each, . . . Cauliflowers, each. Lettuce, per head, . . Celery, per root, . . Spinach, per peck, Dandelions, per peck. Rhubarb, per pound, . Asparagus, per bunch. Cabbage Sprouts, per pe Cucumbers, (pickled) pr i Peppers (pickled) per ga From S cts 1 00 30 75 30 1 50 62i 75 30 87i 50 50 4 4 6 1 00 00 75 62^ 75 10 Pot and Sweet Herbs. Parsley, per hall' peck, . Sage, per pound, . . . Marjorum, per bunch, . Savory, per bunch, . . Spearmint, per bo.x, (quart) .[ From To $ cts. S cts 37^ 50 17 20 6 12.J 6 12 124 _ Squashes and Pumplcins. Squashes, per pound : Autumnal Marrow, Canada Crookncck, . Winter Crookneck, . West India, .... Pumpkins, each, ... Fruits. Apples, dessert and cooking Baldwins, per barrel, . . 2 Greenings, per barrel, .'2 Russets, per barrel, . .!l Spitzemberg, per barrel, .1 Common, per barrel, . .'l Blue Pearmains, prbarrel,| Seek-no-further, pr barrel, | Lady apple, per half peck,i Common sweet, pr bushel,'! Danvers sweet, pr bushel, 1 Dried apple, per lb. . . Pears, per half peck or doz : Chaumontel, per half pk.' Baking, per bushel, . .|l Cranberries, per bushel, .'3 j Tomatoes, per dozen, . .! Grapes, per pound : I Malaga, white, ... .1 Malaga, purple, . . .1 Pine-apples, each, . . . Cucumbers, each, . . . . Lemons, per dozen, . . . Oranges, ]^^- ; j Chesnuts, per bushel, . .3 Walnuts, per bushel, . . 1 Cocoaiuits, per hund. . .1 Almonds, per lb I English Walnuts, per l!i. . Caslana, per lb ' 6 4 12.i 2 75 2 25 2 25 50 |2 00 00 14 00 50 50 25 25 50 3 50 6 12 Remarks. — The cold weather has continued since our last, accompa- nied by largo quantities of rain ; indeed, it is rarely that such an unusual quantity falls in the montii of April. The snow did not wholly disappear until the 10th or L5th of the month, and from that time to tlie present the ground has scarcely been sufficiently dry to plough ; Spring work has in consequence been retarded, and but little planting has yet been done. Horticul/iiral Memoranda. 199 rege/a&to.— Since our last, there has been much activity in the potato market ; the stock, however, is ample, and the prices have not materially advanced, except for Eastports. The quantity usually taken, of the Che- nango, at this season, for planting, has given a firmer demand for tliis sort, and caused a very slight advance. The new variety, called the Dean potato, is much liked, and from its great productiveness will be planted by many in preference to the long red. Turnips are abundant, good, and prices the same. Onions are higher — tlie stock is much reduced, and the principal supply is now in bunches ; new white, of fair size, have made their appearance tliis week. Beets and carrots remain the same, but with dull sale. Parsnips have fallen oif in price to our quotations. Horse- radish was never supplied of better quality. Radishes are now plentiful, of good size, and moderate in price for the season. There is no change in cabbages, and only a small stock of rather inferior quality remaining. Lettuce fs now supplied of excellent quality. Celery of first rate quality is rather scarce. Spinach and dandelions are now supplied in any quan- tity and very low. Rhubarb, the first of the season, has made its appear- ance, in small lots, since our last ; it now commands a good price. As- paragus has come to hand this week ; but the cool wet weather retards its growth. Cabbage sprouts are plentiful. Green mint is now supplied in boxes, (one quart each.) at quotations. Squashes are all gone, except Winter crooknecks and West Indies ; of the latter there is a fair stock. Fruit. — There is not so much doing in the fruit market now. Apples for shipping are not now wanted ; since the opening of the North River the supply for the Southern market has gone through that source. In consequence of this, there is quite a sensible depression in our quotations, good Baldwins and Russets having fallen off 25 cents per barrel, with a lia:iited demand. Of pears there are none remaining but baking. Cran- berries are now more abundant and prices considerably lower ; the very hiffh prices which they have commanded, induced more active exertions for Spring picking, and since our last there have been large quantities brought in, of fine size and quality. A few cucumbers came to hand this week, and brought our quoted prices. Grapes are scarce. Lemons and orano-es abundant and cheap, and the market is well supplied. — M. T., Boston, April 29, 1843. HORTICULTURAL MEMORANDA FOR MAY. FRUIT DEPARTMENT. Grape vines are still backward, owing to the cloudy and cool tempera- ture of April, and in houses without fire heat they have but just fairly burst their buds. In vineries with heat they will now be setting their fruit, and will need particular attention. Syringing should be kept up as soon as the fruit is well set, and air should be more freely given ; for information at length we must refer to the articles upon the subject in our past volumes. Grape vines in the open air should be carefully tied to the trellis, and the soil around their roots dug and well manured. 200 Hortlcidtiirol Mcmornmhi. Peach trees, in pots, will now have set their fruit, and as soon as the weather is mild, and danger of fruit is over, they may be removed from the oreenhouse. Gooseberrij, Currant and Raspberry plantations, should be manured, dug and put in proper condition, not omitting to prune freely if not done be- fore. Straipbcrry bed^ may yet be made with success, and a quantity of fruit will be secured next season, which would not be tlie case if omitted till Fall. If there is any preference, it is in favor of Spring planting. FLOWER DEPARTMENT, Dahlias, as the season advances, will require more care. Preparation should now be made for [planting out the last part of the montli. If the plants have been brought forward in tlie hotbed, they should now be placed in a cool frame, if convenient, to gradually harden before final planting. The soil should be dug as deep as the spade will reacJi, and a good coat of manure added. It is quite useless to expect good floAvers tmless the soil is made rich. Tidip beds will now be advancing, and the buds will begin to open about the 20th or '2.5th of the month ; tiicy vv'ill then require shading. Oxalises, done flowering, should be placed on a dry shelf, out of the way of damp. Chrysanthemums will need attention this month. The plants should be separated, potting off" one good shoot in each ])0t. Roses, of the Bengal, Tea and other tender sorts, may be turned out of the pots, and plunged in a prepared bed, where they will bloom all sum- mer. Put in cuttings. Camtllias will now be about forming their flower buds, and will require more heat until they have set well. Inarchings made in February may be cut from the parent plant at any time. Place in a cool and shady sit- uation. Syringe often over the foliage. Re-pot as soon as the wood is fully ripe. LechenauUias, propagated from cuttings, should now be potted oflT. Erythrina crista galla. — Plants of tliis showy flower should be planted out in the border tlie latter part of the month. Cyclamens, done flowering, may be removed from the house, and placed in a shady situation. Verbenas should be turned out into the border, or planted in beds, the latter part of the montli. Herbaceous plants may be safely removed this month. Ericas may yet be propagated by cuttings. Voung plants should be repotted before they are removed to the open air. Heliotropes may now be propagated by cuttings. Tender annuals, raised in tlie hotbed or frame, slioiild be planted out in beds in the open air. Cactuses now coming into bloom should be freely watered. Salvia splendens, and other species, in pots, should now be removed to the flower border. Beds of Rocket Larkspur should be immediately sown, if not done last month. THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE JUNE, 1843. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Art. I. The London Horticultural Society's Catalogue of Fruits. 3d Editio7i. With notices of all the principal varieties enumerated since the 2d Edition, and other Re- marks. By the Editor. Cherries. The earlier period at which cherries come into bearing, compared with pears and phims, has enabled the Society to make great progress in tlie nomenclature of this class. In the 1st Edition of 1826, two hundred and forty-six varieties are enumerated ; in the 2d of 1831, two hundred and nineteen ; and in the 3d for 1842, less than one hundred and fifty. The whole number of varieties proved in the 2d Edition was seventy-eight ; in the 3d, only ninety-eight. After deducting thirty-seven which are of inferior quality, and unworthy of cultivation, or have proved false, and no longer cultivated in the garden, only sixty-one varieties remain whose characters have been sufficiently ascertained to recommend them to general cultivation. A careful notice of the synonyms, as they are arranged below, will show to what extent the confusion has existed among cher- ries. The May Duke has no less than twenty-one syno- nyms; the black Tartarian, thirteen ; the Bigarreau, thir- teen ; and many other kinds from five to ten each. Mr. Manning, aware of the confusion among cherries, attempt- ed to correct some of the errors, and the last paper which he communicated to our pages, previous to his death, was the description of 44 sorts, (Vol. VIII. p. 283,) which he had proved in his Pomological Garden at Salem. Anxious VOL. IX. — NO. VI. 26 202 London Horticultural Society's to avail ourselves of his labors, we procured scions of all the varieties he described, and now have them growing according to his arrangement ; as they come into bearing, we shall further compare them with the descriptions in the 3d Edition. We may take the opportunity to remark that several of the new varieties should be more extensively cultivated. Among them are the Belle de Choisy ; Bigarreau Napo- leon ; tVerder's Early Black Heart ; Bowyer's Early Heart ; Carnation : Florence; Knight's Late Black ; Knight's Ear- ly Black, and Royal Duke. The new sorts, which are highly recommended, and are worthy of trial, are the Bigar- reau gros Coeuret ; Bigarreau gros Commun ; Biittner's Black Heart ; Griotte de Chaux ; Griotte de Turquie and Early Purple Guigne, Only one or two, we believe, of our American varieties have yet been proved in the Society's garden. The Grid- ley, Sparhawk and Davenport are named ; but the excel- lent Downer cherry seems quite unknown. A 4th Edition will probably include descriptions of these well known and esteemed kinds. [The abbreviations are as follows : T, table fruit ; K, kitchen fruit.] American Heart. — Color, pale red ; form, heart-shaped ; 2d size, S; 2d quality, T; half-tender. Ripens in July. Resembles Lukeward's Heart. Very handsome and good, but not an abundant bearer. Belle de Choisy. — Additional synonyms: Ambree a gros Iruit, Cerise a Noyau Tendre, Schone van Choisy. Bigarreau. — Generally, a good bearer; fruit large and handsome. Additional synojiyjns : Turkey Bigarreau, Bi- garreau Royal, West's White Heart, Transparent (of some,) Gros Bigarreau de Princesse d'Hollande. Groote Princesse, Hollandische Grosse Prinzessin Kirsche. Bigarreau Coulenr de Chair. — Not so fine as the Bigar- reau ; flesh tender, but not rich. Synonyms : Bigarreau Belle de Rocmont, Coeur de Pigeon, Bigarreau common, (of some,) Guigne grosse Blanche, (id.) Bigarreau a gros Fruit blanc. Bigarreau gros Coeuret. — Dark red ; heart-shaped ; 1st size, W, S; 1st Quality, T. ; firm; middle July. Very large. Synonym : Bigarreau gros Monstreux. Catalogtie. Third Edition. 203 Bigarreau gros Commun. — Dark red ; heart shaped ; 1st size, S; 1st quahty, T ; firm; end July. Synonyms: Bi- garreau CcEuret, Coeur de Poulet. Bigarreau Napoleon. — Good bearer. Additional synon- yms: Lauermau's Kirsche, Lauerman's Herz Kirsche. Black Heart. — Synonyms : Black caroon gean ; Spanish Black Heart; Ansell's fine black; Guigne noir; Guigne Grosse noir ; Grosse Schwarze Herz Kirsche, Black Caroon, Early Black. Black Heart., Biittner's. — Black ; heart-shaped ; 2d size, S; 2d quality; T; firm; July. Very abundant bearer; worthy of cultivation. Synonyms : Buttner's Herz Kirsche ; Schwarze Neue Herz Kirsche, Biittner's Neue Schwarze Herz Kirsche, Biittner's Schwarze Herz Kirsche. Black Heart., Kronherg. — Black ; obtuse heart-shaped ; 2d size, S ; 2d quality, T ; firm; beginning July. A good bearer. Synonyms : Cronberger Herz Kirsche, Kronberger Schwarze Herz Kirsche; Wilding Von Kronberg. Black Heart, Werders. — Black ; heart-shaped ; 1st size, W, S; 1st quality, T; tender; beginning June. A g^od cherxy, and valuable for its earliness. Syiionym : Wer- dersche Friihe Schwarze Herz Kirsche. Black Heart, T^^adescant's. — Black ; heart shaped : 2d size, W, S ; 2d quality, T ; firm ; end July. Moderate bearer. Synonyms : Tradescant's, Elk-horn, Elk-horn of Maryland, Bigarreau gros noip, Guigne noire tardive, Grosse Schwarze Knorpel Kirsche mit saftigem Fleisch. Buttner's October Morello. — Dark red ; round ; 2d size, S, K ; tender ; October. The latest of cherries. Synonyms : Buttner's October Zucker Weichsel. Buttner's Yelloiv. — Pale yellow ; roundish ; 2d size, S, T; firm; July. Good bearer; fruit entirely yellow. Syn- onyms : Buttner's Wachs-Knorpel Kirsche ; Buttner's Gelbe Knorpel Kirsche. Carnation. — Additional synonym : Crown. Cluster. — Addhiondd synoTiyms : Cerisier a trochet. Com- mune a trochet, Tres Fertile, Trauben Amarelle, Bouquet Amarelle, Heck Kirsche, Buschel Kirsche, Busch Weich- sel, Flandrische Weichsel. Corone. — Additional synonym: Black Orleans. Early May. — Additional synonyms : Small May, Nain Precoce, Nain a Fruit rond Precoce, Petite Cerise Rouge 204 London Horlicuhural Society's Precoce, Konigliche Amarelle, Fruhe Kleine Runde Zwerg Weichsel. Florence. — Syyionyni : Kiievett's Late Bigarreaii. Gean^ Black. — Black; obtuse heart-shaped ; 3d size, S ; 3d quahty ; half tender : July. Griottecie Chaux.—B\o.ck \ obtuse heart-shaped ; 1st size, S; 1st quality, T; tender; end of July. Synonyms: Griotte d'AlIemagne ; Grosse Cerise de M. le Comte de St. Maur. Griotte de Kleparow. — Additional synonyms : Klepa- rower Weichsel ; Pohlnische Weichsel. Grosse Blanche Carrie. — Red ; heart-shaped ; 2d size, S; 2d quality, T ; firm ; July. Gnigne, Early Pnrple. — Dark red ; heart-shaped ; 2d size, W, S; 1st quality, T; tender; beginning June. A val- uable cherry, particularly on account of its earliness. Jeffrey s Duke. — Red ; round ; 2d size, W, S; 1st qual- ity, T ; tender ; beginning July. Trees of compact, not vigorous growth. Synonyms: Jeffrey's Royal, Jeffrey's Royal Caroon, Jeffries Duke, Royale, Cherry Duke. Kentish. — Good bearer ; the stone may be drawn out by the stalk, so strongly arc these attached ; the fruit may then be dried in the sun, or in an oven. Additional syiioiiyms : Commune ; Muscat de Prague. Knight's late Black. — Black ; obtuse heart-shaped ; 1st size, S ; 2d quality, T ; firm; end July. May Duke. — Additional synonyms : Cherry Duke (of some,) D'Espagne, Cerise Guigne, Griotte Grosse Noire. Morello. — Additional synonym : Milan. [The Du Dord of Mr. Manning, Vol. VIII. p. 285, No. 43, is a synonym in the 3d Edition.] Ostheim. — Of dwarf habit, bearing affinity to the Mo- rello : a good bearer. Synonyms : Ostheimer Weichsel, Ostheimer Kirsche, Zwerg Kirsche; Frankische Wucher Kirsche. Ox Heart. — Additional synonym : Very large Heart. Ratafia. — Dark red ; roundish ; 2d size, S, K ; aqueous ; August. A good bearer, but inferior in size to a Morello, which it otherwise much resembles. Synonyms: Griotte de Ratafia, Du Nord tardive, De St. Martin, Wild Rus- sian, Brune de Bruxelles, Amarelle du Nord, Griotte de Hollande, Hollandische Weichsel, Florentiner Weichsel. Royal Duke. — Dark red ; oblate; 1st size, W, S; Istqual- Catalogue. Third Edition. 205 ity, T; tender; middle July. Excellent; succeeding the May Duke. Tartarian^ Black. — Additional synonyms: Eraser's Black Tartarian, Black Circassian. Tartarian, White. — Additional synonym : Ambree a petit Fruit. Turkine. — Yellow and red ; obtuse heart-shaped ; 2d size, S; 2d quality, T; half tender; July. White Heart. — SynonyTns : White transparent; Amber Heart. White Heart., Tilger^s — Yellow and red ; heart-shaped ; 2d size, S; 2d quality, T; firm; end July. Synojiyms : Tilger's Weisse Herz Kirsche ; Tilger's Rothe Herz Kirsche. The following are the names of the varieties designated by an 0, as unworthy of cultivation. Bigarreau a Petit Fruit. Honeywood Cherry. Bigarreau a Petit Fruit Rouge Honey Clierry, Large. Hatif. Lady Southampton's Yellow. Black Mazzard. Maple Heart. Blanche. May Duke, Willow leaved. Cerisier a Fleurs Doubles. Merise Rouge. Cerisier a Fleurs Semi Doubles. Merise Grosse Noire. Chinese Heart. Merise Grosse Rose Oblique. Gean, Flemish. Merise Petit ronde. Gean, Late. Merise Petit Rouge. Griotte Petit. Merisier a Fleurs Doubles. Guigne Ecarlate. Morello, wild. Guigne Grosse Rouge Tardive. Tobacco, leaved. Guigne Petit Blanche. Wellington. Guigne Petit Rouge. Wild Ross-shire. In our next number we shall give an account of the grapes. Art. II. Floricnltvral and Botanical Notices of Neiv Plants, figured in foreign periodicals ; with Remarks on those recently introduced to, or originated in, Ainei-ican gardens, and additional inforination upon plants already in cultivation. Edwards's Botanical Registei', or Ornamental Flower Gar- den and Shrubbery. Each number containing from six to 206 Floricultural and Botanical Notices eight plates ; with additional miscellaneous information, relative to new plants. In monthly numbers ; 35. plain, 35, 6c?. colored. Paxton^s Magazi7ie of Botany, and Register of Flowering Plants. Each number containing four colored plates. Monthly, 25. 6c?. each. Edited by J. Paxton, gardener to the Duke of Devonshire. The Gardener^ s Chronicle, a stamped newspaper of Rural Economy and General News. Edited by Prof. Lindley. Weekly. Price 6d each. Vloi'icultural and Botanical Notices. Pa7(ldrv7i'\a imperid- lis. — This new and fine ornamental tree, at the Jardin des Plantes, showed flower-buds in the autumn of 1841, which stood the winter of, and came into flower on the 29th of April, 1842 — thus proving the great hardiness of the tree when it can ripen its wood. The flowers are of a fine blue, somewhat like those of Gloxin/a caulescens, and they have an agreeable smell, like those of Philadelphus. The Paulownia has been propagated to an amazing extent in France : so much so, that it is said to have produced more money to Commercial Gardeners than any plant known. The price is now about three francs. (^Annales d' Hort. tome XXX. p. 406, translated in Gard. Mag.') New Cereus. — We have now in flower a splendid variety of the cereus, very nearly resembling the C. speciosissimus. The ground color of the flower is darker, but it is deficient of the violet shade of the latter. In all other respects it is a superior variety, and if we take into consideration that the plant is of dwarfer and less robust habit, much like C. Jenkensonz, and that it flowers as freely as that prolific va- riety, and its flowers of equal size, we think we may place it among the very best of the whole tribe. We have seen no notice of a similar flower in the English periodicals. We purchased the plant of Mr. Feast, of Baltimore, two years ago, who stated that he received it from England. It is only known to us by a private mark, Mr. Feast not hav- ing yet given us any name. It is a superb addition. — Ed. New Varieties of Fuchsias. — Upwards of eighty varieties of fuchsias are advertised in the English magazines; great numbers of hybrids are raised every season, and many of them are extremely beautiful. As this flower is likely to of New Plants, 207 become a favorite in our collections, after having been long neglected, we would advise our amateur cultivators to attempt the production of seedlings. They are easily raised, and bloom at an early age. New Camellias. — The Hon. and Rev. Wm. Herbert, (Dean of Manchester,) has raised a beautiful seedling camellia, flowers of which were exhibited at a meeting of the London Horticultural Society in April. It is known under the name of C. var. lysantha. Its maternal parent was a seedling from the old single red, fertilized with the common striped camellia, and was itself crossed with the myrtle- leaved variety. The color is a bright carmine, with stripes of pale pink running down the centre of each petal. The outer petals are rounded, and when the flower is about half open are beautifully cupped ; when fully expanded, how- ever, they fall back in the same manner as those of the old double white ; the inner petals are somewhat pointed, but fill up well in the centre. C. var. Lowii. — This is the name of a new variety, raised by Messrs. Low and Co., of Clapton, and exhibited at the same time of the above. The petals are regularly cupped, of a bright carmine color, and tolerably full in the centre. A certificate was awarded for it. C. var. Alnuttu. — Another seedling variety exhibited at a meeting of the London Horticultural Society. The flowers are of a clearer white than the old double white. A certificate was awarded for it. C. var. foliosa. — Another seedling, produced by the Very Rev. the Dean of Manchester. The color very brilliant and remarkable for the fulness of the flower, being com- posed of an extensive row of petals densely filled up in the centre with others of irregular form. A certificate was awarded for it. C. var. Halleyi. — A fine variety, raised by Mr. Halley, of Blackheath, very much resembling C. imbricata, but not superior to it. Several other seedlings of much merit, but as yet with- out name, have been exhibited dtiring the winter. There does not, indeed, seem to be any limit to the number of new varieties which may be obtained, and it is probable that in a few years many of the old sorts will be discarded from collections to make place for those of recent production and far greater beauty. 208 Floiicultiiral and Botanical Notices Botanical Collector to China. — Mr. Fortune, who we announced some time since as having been selected by the London Horticultural Society to proceed to Canton to ex- plore the botanical resources of that country, sailed in the month of March for Hong Kong, in the ship Essex, amply provided with the means of forwarding the objects of the society, and furnished with most valuable letters of intro- duction both from her Majesty's government and from nu- merous private individuals. In addition to his duties as an agent of the Horticultural Society, Mr. Fortune will occu- py himself in the collection of objects of Natural History in general, and no doubt he will reap a rich and abundant harvest. {Gard. Chron.') New Pelai^goniums. — The love for this beautiful tribe of flowers appears to be on the increase; till within a short period, few, if any, seedlings of merit have ever been raised in the country. We are gratified, however, to find that gardeners and amateurs are giving their attention to the production of new varieties ; there is certainly no reason why we should not equal, if not excel, our English florists in the splendor of our seedling pelargoniums as well as in camellias and other planls. If amateurs would only attend to the impregnation of the flowers with the same care that they do camellias, the results would be quite as successful. Great improvement has been effected in the form of the flower of the Pelargonium within a few years ; it is now al- most entirely changed. The narrow and curled petal and loose truss is now altered for the broad and smooth petal and circular outline of the flower; the colors, too, are purer, and the texture of the petals firmer. What even four years ago would have been considered a fine variety, would not now be allowed a place in a collection of twelve sorts if exhibited for premium. The premiums oflered by the Massachusetts Horticultu- ral Society, for the last three years, have had a tendency to bring the pelargonium into more extensive notice, and to induce cultivators to attempt the growth of seedlings. The most successful of those who have attempted this is Mr. W. Meller, of Roxbury, who has raised several very splendid varieties. At a late meeting of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society, the premium for the best twelve varieties of cut flowers, shown in trusses, with the foliage, was awarded to Mr. Meller for a stand consisting entirely of of Neiv Plants. 209 seedling varieties, not yet named. Mr. Meller was kind enough to place the flowers in our hands, and from them we have drawn up the following descriptions, from which their beauty may be compared with the best varieties of recent introduction from abroad. Some of them we think very splendid. The success which has attended Mr. Mel- ler's experiments thus far, we trust may be an encourage- ment for him, as well as others, to continue in the attempt to produce superior varieties. No. 71. — Lower petals beautiful rose, faintly veined and shading lighter towards the centre ; upper petals rich dark crimson, pencilled with darker lines, and showing a rim of deep rose around each. Truss erect and compact, and the flowers of good size. It is a fine variety, and compared with Jewess is a superior flower. 34. — Ground color of the whole flower delicate pink, with white centre ; the upper petals having a well defined dark spot, shading off" bright crimson through dark pencilling, the lower edges being white, which heightens and gives a brilliancy and liveliness that few others possess. Truss rather loose in habit and very large : flowers large, petals nearly smooth. Altogether this maybe ranked as a superb variety. 32. — The lower petals pure purplish pink ; upper ones spotted with lake, distinctly pencilled with crimson purple lines, and shading off" through violet rose to the same color of the lower petals. Truss erect and compact. Petals broad and smooth. Form good and flower large. The pe- culiar coloring of the upper petals renders this a very beau- tiful variety. 30. — Similar to No. 71. liOwer petals pale rose ; upper ones with a large dark spot, shading ofl^ to a rosy crimson edge. Truss compact and flower of medium size. Petals broad and smooth. It is a fine variety. 62. — Lower petals bright pale pink, with a satin glow ; upper ones with a dark well defined spot shading off" through light crimson to the edge. Petals broad and smooth, the form nearly circular and flowers of good size. It somewhat resembles Nymph, only wanting in the roundness of the upper petals to equal that superior variety. 73. — Lower petals pale rose ; upper ones a shade deeper, with a darker spot and some indistinct pencilling. Truss VOL. IX. NO. VI. 27 210 FloricuUund and Botanical Notices large and loose; flowers medium size. This, though a good variety, is rather the most indifferent of the ten sorts. 70. — This is an exquisite flower. The petals are all large and very broad, the flowers forming a complete cir- cle. Lower petals pure flesh color ; upper ones with a small bright carmine spot, the pencilling from the eye very distinct, but ending abruptly, showing a broad edge of the same sliade of the lower petals. Truss moderately com- pact and largo ; flowers very large. Judging from a single truss, we should place a high estimate upon the properties of this variety. 72. — Lower petals very pale purplish pink; the upper ones with distinct and beautiful pencilling, running through a rich violet purple spot. Trusses compact ; petals smooth, and flowers large. A very superb variety. 3S. — Ground color of the whole flower clear flesh color ; upper petals spotted with deep crimson with darker pencil- ling. Truss large and compact ; petals quite smooth and flowers of good size ; in general appearance somewhat resembling Victory. It is a very beautiful variety. 47. — Similar to No. 32. The color of the lower petals of a brighter pink, and the spot on the upper ones little broader. Flower of large size, petals smooth and the truss compact. Very fine. Several other seedlings were exhibited, which we may at another opportunity describe; but these were ten of the handsomest and most desirable varieties. Melastomdcecc. CENTRADE'NIA O. Don (From kcntron, a spoar, and aden, a gland.) r63ea Lindl. Rose colored Centradenin. A greenhoupe plant ; growing tlireo feet high ; witli flesh-colored flowers ; appearing in February and Marcii ; a native of Mexico ; propa- gated by cuttings ; grown in sandy peat. Bot. Keg. 1843, t. 20. A pretty greenhouse plant, forming "a deep green bush, studded all over with gay flesh-colored stars." The leaves are ovate-lanceolate and the flowers appear in sub-corymbose racemes. Introduced from Mexico by Messrs. Lucombe, Prince & Co. It is soft-wooded, half-shrubby plant, and may be freely grown in sandy peat : placing it in a sunny situation. The cuttings root readily in sand. {^Bot. Reg., April.) LeguminbscB. INDIGO'FERA stachjodes Lindl. Long-spiked Indigo. A greenhouse shrub; growing two feet high; with reil flowers ; appearing all summer ; a native of India ; propagated by cuttings ; grown in candy loam and leaf mould. Bot. Reg. 1843, t. )4. of Nexo Plants. 211 A handsome plant, with foliage very similar to the Cli- anthus, and long erect spikes of red flowers which appear at the axils of the leaves. Among the crowd of species now fomid in the genus Indigo, it is difficult to say whether this is a new species or not ; but Dr. Lindley considers it to be so, although ignorant of its fruit. The seeds were collected in India at the height of 4000 feet above the sea, and it was raised in the garden of the London Horticultu- ral Society, where it flowered in September, 1840. It grows readily in a rich open soil, and is increased by cuttings of the young wood, placed in sand in bottom heat. The plant, when in good health, flowers nearly all summer. {Bot. Reg., March.) OXVLOBIUM capititum Beiith. Headed Oxylobium. A greenhouse shrub; growing a foot high; with yellow and orange flowers ; appearing in autumn ; a native of Swan River ; propagated by cuttings and seeds ; grown in heath soil, leaf mould and sand. Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 16. A very beautiful plant, with obovate, oblong linear leaves, and dense racemes of yellow and orange blossoms, some- what resembling a chorizema. Imported by Messrs. Low & Co., with whom it flowered last season ; it is easily mul- tiplied by cuttings and seeds, and the plants potted in light heath soil mixed with a little leaf mould and sand ; the pot being well drained. It often remains in bloom several months in summer. {^Bot. Reg.., March.) CampanuldcecB. CAMPA'NULA Lseflingi! De Cand. Lsfling's Bellflower. An annual; growing nine inches high ; with blue flowers; appearing in July and August; a native of Portugal ; multiplied by seeds. Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 19. Sijnonyme. Campanula Broussonetio^na Romcr and Schultes syst. Another fine annual species of the Blue Bell, of which the C. Lorei is the only previous one of any beauty. The stem is slender and much branched, and the flowers appear in profusion all over the plant. It is a native of sandy plains all over Portugal, and was introduced to the socie- ty's garden, where it jflowered in July last. The best method of managing it is to sow the seeds in March or August — and if at the latter season, to pot them ofi" singly in rich sandy soil, and place them in a cold frame or greenhouse during the winter. When planted in March or April, the plants may at once be removed to the open gar- den. It grows from six to nine inches high, and flowers abundantly all the season. (^Bot. Reg.., April.) 212 Floricultural and Botanical Notices. Asclepiddesd. PHILIBERTM (J. C. Philibert, after whom the genus has been named.) grandiflora Lindl. Large flowered Philibertia. A twining greenhouse plant ; growing eight feet liigh ; with red flowers ; appearing in August ; a native of Buenos Ayres. Propa- gated by cuttings; grown in loam and sand. Bot. Keg. 1843, t. 13. A pretty greenhouse twiner, of rather slender habit, but with ckisters of large reddish flowers, which appear oppo- site the leaves. For training up the rafters of the green- house, or for a trellis for a pot, it is a fine plant. It is multiplied by cuttings, and the plants grown in " friable loam and sand."' using little leaf mould if the soil is not good ; attend also to drainage. When in a growing state, it should have a liberal supply of water ; but in winter it should be allowed to rest, gradually withholding moisture, and it should be kept in the driest and warmest part of the greenhouse. It is sweet-scented. {Bot. Reg., March.) LabidtecE. BE>CIUAI (From bekion, one of the names assigned by Dioscorides to the sage.) Lindl. hicoloT, Lindl, Two colored Becium. A greenhouse plant ; growing two feet high ; with white flowers; appearing in autumn and winter. A native of Abyssinia ; propagated by cut- tings ; grown in common .^oil. Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 15. A pretty shrub, " with downy stems, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, slightly petiolated leaves, and verticillartees of beautiful flowers, arranged in short spikes." The corolla is large, white, with lilac veins, and nearly an inch long; upper lip three-lobed ; stamens four, delicate bright violet, and an inch long. Raised from seeds sent to the Horticul- tural Society of Paris from Abyssinia. {Bot. Beg., March.) h'iddcece. CROCUS insuliris Oay Bull. Corsican Crocus. A bulbous plant ; growing six inches high; with purple and yellow flowers ; appearing in spring ; a native of Europe ; propagated by offsetts. Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 21. A pretty species of the crocus, with fine purple flowers, striated on the outer side of the petal with golden yellow ; the Rev. Dean of Manchester, who has studied the genus Crocus, has given an account of this species, its localities, &c. He states that the genus is naturalized in England and its southern limits extend to Aleppo; it reaches from the Atlantic to the Caspian sea. {Bot. Reg., April.) Notes 071 Gardens and Nu7'series. 213 Art. III. Notes 07i Ga7'dens and Nurse7'ies. Mr. Walker^s Tulip Show. — Two years have elapsed since we gave an account of Mr. Walker's last show of tulips. The season of 1841 was unfavorable for a good bloom, and the flowers had sufl'ered so much from the cold rains of April and May that their beauty was not devel- oped. On the contrary, the present spring has been ex- ceedingly fine for the tulip, and the blooms have come forth in all the splendor of former years. A heavy cover- ing of snow is preferable to an open winter, notwithstand- ing the tulip is quite hardy ; beneath such a protection the bulbs continue to grow, and when the warm weather of spring advances they are ready to shoot out with great vigor ; frequent freezing and thawing the earth, and conse- quently the foliage, has a tendency to injure the bloom. We have never seen Mr. Walker's tulips when in better condition. The colors are less run, and the general ap- pearance of the whole bed is better, than usual. Many of the blooms are remarkably fine, and so select has Mr. Wal- ker now made his beds, by discarding inferior flowers, that few find a place in his collection that have not sufficient merit to recommend them to general cultivation. The cultivation of the tulip is gradually extending, and we are glad to learn that Mr. Walker has been successful in disposing of several small beds to some of our amateur cultivators. With the exception of Mr. Cabot, of Salem, who has one of the best private collections in the country, few other persons have taken but little interest in the tuhp except Mr. Walker. The idea that great expense would be required to purchase even a good collection, has deterred many from making the experiment. When they learn, however, that a fine bed of ten rows, containing seventy bulbs, in fifty varieties, with twenty duplicates, can be purchased for from ten to twenty dollars, we think many will be induced to secure a small one. The same varie- ties which Mr. Walker would furnish, if imported, would cost three times the same amount. It is far better to pur- chase them at his low prices, than to buy the miserable trash which is sold at auction, and which only leads to disappointment whenever it is planted out. 214 Notes 071 Gardens and Nurseries. The following are the names of some of the fine varie- ties which more particularly attracted our attention : Bijbloemens. — Fair Ellen, Incomparable Voorhelm, Boa- dicea, Lord Colchester, Strong's High Admiral, (splendid,) La plus Belle, Majestense, Majestense le Grand, Violet Tri- umphant, Maitre Partout, Duke of Florence, Gen. Hamil- ton, Louis XVL, (good specimen,) Lavinia, Athalia, Prince Regent, Violet ma Favorite. Duke of Sussex, Holmes's King, (fine,) Hugobert, (a fine dark flower,) Premier Noble, In- comparable, Black Prince, Duke of Florence, Vandyke, China Violet. Roses. — Walworth, (beautiful,) General Washington, (Neale's,) almost or quite equal to Walworth, Reine des Pleurs, Matilda, Roi des Cerises, Catherine, Monsieur Pitt, Triumph Royal. Iphigene, La Belle Arsinee, Maria The- resa, Cordelia, Miranda, Rose Maria, Grand Cerise. Bezaries. — Mesraim, Commandant, Garricola, Belle Fi- nancier, Grandeur Superbe, Roi de Navarre, Gen. Harri- son, (Walker's,) Cassius, Ophir, Superbissima, Claudius, Sir Francis Burdett, Abercrombie, Earl St. Vincent, L'Abbe March. We learn that Mr. Walker was to dispose of these on the 30th of May, at auction, and we trust he had a ready sale at fair prices. Show of Tulips at the Public Garden. — After inspecting the fine display of tulips of our friend Mr. Walker, we took the first opportunity of visiting that of the public gar- den, under the care of our correspondent, Mr. Teschema- cher. Never have we been gratified with a more superb display of this gorgeous flower. Notwithstanding Mr. Walker's were in their greatest beauty, and really more splendid than we had ever seen them, yet we must ac- knowledge that those at the public garden had a brilliancy which surpassed those of Mr. Walker. It may be that this collection, being quite new, contains more of the varieties recently broken, which generally have less color than the older kinds ; nothing could surpass the clean cups and ex- quisite shading and feathering of the petals of many of the sorts. The bulbs, too, were finely grown; in scarcely an instance did we see more than one flower stalk from a sin- gle root. To grow choice sorts in perfection, and keep them from running their colors, requires some considerable care. We Notes OIL Gardens and Nurseries. 215 formerly cultivated a large bed of tulips ourselves, and we found that, with all the pains we took to grow them well, many of the sorts run their colors very much ; most culti- vators grow the bulbs too strong and use manure too free- ly. They require but little manure, and such as is used should be very old and perfectly decomposed. We would caution all tulip fanciers to be cautious in the use of ma- nure, for it is better to err in having too little than too much. The following were some of the most beautiful : Bybloeinens. — Franciscus Primus, Blanche Violet, Black Baguet, Wade's King, Rigaiit Nonpareil, Desdemona, Roi de Borneo, Rigaut La Magnifique, Franklin's Washington, Majesteuse, Imperatrice florum, Triomphe du Monde, Maitre Parlout, Violet Sanspareil, Bienfait Incomparable, L'Ambassadeur d'Hollande. Roses. — Admiral Kingsbergen, Violet Ombre. William, Cerise Sanspareil, Maria Theresa, Reine des Cerises, and Premier. Bizarres. — Chadwick's Trafalgar, Strong's Bolivar, Charles X., Ectalante, Cardinal, Belle Financier, Goud Van Perou, Lansdowne and Pizarro. From the garden we passed into the large domical conser- vatory, to notice several plants which had been treated with guano, as noticed by Mr. Teschemacher in his article in our last number, p. 168. We were quite astonished at the number of blooms on some of the pelargoniums ; some small plants potted off in February, and having a mixture of guano in the soil, in the proportion of one teaspoonful to the pot, had grown finely, and were displaying several hundred blossoms. The plants are not more than fifteen inches high and twenty broad, and presented a nearly flat surface, covered with flowers. There can be no doiibt of its being a valuable manure for the pelargonium and rose, and similar robust growing plants, which flower so abund-i antly and exhaust the soil. In the greenhouse we noticed plants of the new fuchsia, Venus victrix, Achimenes longifiora and Manettia bicolor ; a large plant of Mandevillea suaveolens, from its present appearance, mhU flower abundantly. The whole of the plants look well under the care of Mr. Cadness, and at the present time the collection of pelargoniums is well worth a visit. 216 Revieivs. — Insects of New England REVIEW. Art. I A Treatise oji soj7ie of the Insects of New Eng- land^ which are injurious to Vegetation. By Thaddeus William Harris, M. D. 1 vol. 8vo. 459 pages. Cam- bridge, 1842. As the season is fast approaching when the creeping and flying things of the earth are leaving their subterraneous retreats and warm winter quarters to emerge into active life and to commit divers and multifarious injuries, we have thought that some notice of the late work of our friend and correspondent, T. W. Harris, might be acceptable to our readers. Dr. Harris was instructed to report on the In- sects of Massachusetts injurious to Vegetation, and the method he has exhibited in this difficult task can only be appreciated by those who are somewhat acquainted with the habits of the insect tribes. To the successful pursuit of almost any branch of useful industry, the natural sciences are related. To scarcely any to such an extent as to Agriculture are they applicable ; and to that precise department of skill and enterprise, Hor- ticulture, they are peculiarly so, especially in two instances, that of Botany and Entomology. With the former, equally the fruit-grower and the vegetable cultiirist, and the florist, is concerned ; in ways and modes too, which they hardly yet seem to understand : but, when a wider and more libe- ral view of their several pursuits is apprehended, it will be seen that an accurate knowledge of its principles would most materially assist their eflTorts. With the latter, who- ever has met with disappointment by some noxious worm, or insidious insect, attacking his favorite flower, or mar- ring the beauty of his plants, or ravaging his fruits, will know to his sorrow how intimate such studies, which ex- pose his liabilities, are to his interests. The day has happily passed, when a spirit of derision at such studies was the spirit of the age. In the meaner things of creation, a more general knowledge is teaching mankind to see subjects of concern and of interest. Yet even in these subjects, the world has not yet learned to per- ceive their highest and best aspects. With direct utility which are injurious to vegetation. 217 and immediate profit they are associated. This we see in- dicated to too great a degree in our agricuUural publica- tions, and in our newspapers, devoted, as they assume, to the interests of the farmer and tiller of the soil. Hence it is a question of very much more importance, whether the Crow and the Phebe among birds should be destroyed, while the fruit-stealing Robin and sociable Waxen Chatterer remain unmolested ; or how the grub of the plum tree can be prevented from injuring our fruits, than to study deeply and admiringly into those habits and the economy of the Creator's work, and to mark Consummate Wisdom in my- riad ways : — something of greater value to find out how to put a few more dollars into our pockets, than good ideas and sublime and elevating notions into our minds. Many a man will thank our friend Dr. Harris for the results of his studies, the more especially if he will tell him the pre- ventive, who would gaze with all the wonder of " what can be the use," at his well filled cabinet of insects, or think it passing strange that large volumes could be writ- ten about such insignificant creatures as bugs, and flies, and worms. But it is a homely adage '-that we must creep before we can walk," so let men creep on, and totter about in the leading-strings of knowledge, until by-and-bye, as they grow taller and bigger, they will perchance be able to see farther, into uses and utilities than the market- basket or the dollar, Certes, we have great sympathy, we are free to confess, with our good friend, whose insect collec- tions we have often admired, and whose heart evinces what influence, something beyond the uses of life, in his favorite science, has effected. Until within a few years, every one who has paid any attention, however slight, to the study of Natural History, has felt the lack of works which could give him any in- formation about the subjects of our own natural produc- tions. Even to know what made the distinction between a bug and an insect, a grub or a worm, we were obliged to turn to some foreign assistance, and rummage over the dry pages of some ponderous Cyclopaedia, which generally was most correctly named, for its instruction teas in a circle ; information ending where it begun, and we as wise after our search as before ; unless stupidity acquired by the eflbrt, render us a fit companion to wisdom's bird, the owl, whose looks are in its favor, though its wit is below par. The VOL. IX. NO. VI. 28 218 Harris's Insects of New England fact that, notwithstanding the immense number of species, there are very few common and identical to Europe and to this continent ; and hut a few introduced and accHmated. served to increase the difficulty of ascertaining any precise information about our plants, insects or lower animals. Industrious enterprise and private munificence have, to a great degree, removed this trouble, and such pursuits are now being carried forward with a zeal and ardor which promises signal success. Agricultural, horticultural, flori- cultural and scientific societies scattered all over the United States, arc engaged in this noble cause; and, through the means of the humblest effort of any one of these, may be anticipated vast advantages to the cause of Education and of Improvement. The degree of precision necessary to the successful study of Entomology can hardly be conceived. A very large pro- portion of these little creatures, the insects, is of the most minute forms : even of almost microscopic size. Among noxious insects, these minuter enter into a fair representa- tion, and prove as insidious as they are really invisible. Some are so anomalous as to have been mistaken for vege- table forms; and, under these false colors, have, for a long time, carried on their successful attack and injurious pur- suits. The mimber of insects belonging to, or found in, the limits of Massachusetts, we are told, may be estimated at " 4800, or in proportion of four to one plant."' How many of these are injurious would be difficult to determine : and yet of the indirectly beneficial, the number is by no means small. Could we adopt the Epicurisms of some foreign countries, doubtless we should be able to swell the list in their favor, while we added to the " delights of the table" I But beyond " buggy peas," we do not generally indulge in such dainties, though no one can yet say, how savory might be several condiments of insect food, which, could we but eat^ we might regard in a more favorable light. And, as often the most successful appeal to a man's heart, or to his sympathies, is through his stomach, who knows what vast results to science, and to general advancement, might accrue from some well conducted experiments in that way ? To facilitate the useful study of the insects of the State, the author has given a synoptical arrangement in the seven great divisions or orders usually adopted by naturalists. which are injurious to vegetation. 219 Of the first, Coleoptera, or Beetles, there is a large num- ber indigenous to the State. Their ravages are mostly confined to the larva or grub form, though some devour greedily foliage even when perfected, or in an insect condi- tion. Others again are decidedly useful, as for instance : "The predaceous ground-beetles, the diving beetles, the lady-birds, and some others, are eminently serviceable by preying upon caterpillars, plant-lice, and other noxious or destructive insects. The water-lovers, rove-beetles, carrion-beetles, skin-beetles, bone-beetles, and various kinds of dung-beetles, and clocks act the useful part of scavengers, by removing carrion, dung, and other filth, upon which alone they and their larvae sub- sist. Many Coleoptera live altogether on agarics, mushrooms, and toad- stools, plants of very little use to man, many of them poisonous, and in a state of decay often offensive ; these fungus-eaters are therefore to be reck- oned among our friends. There are others, such as the stag-beetles, some spring-beetles, darkling beetles, and many bark-beetles, which, liv- ing under the bark, and in the trunks and roots of old trees, though they may occasionally prove injurious, must, on the whole, be considered as serviceable, by contributing to destroy, and reduce to dust, plants that have passed their prime, and are fast going to decay. And, lastly, the blistering-beetles have, for a long time, been employed with great benefit in the healmg art." The second order, Orthoptera, Grasshoppers, Crickets, 4'c. " prey on other insects, are injurious to our house- hold possessions, or destructive to vegetation." The third, Hemiptera, Bugs, Locusts, Plant Lice, many of which "live entirely on the juices of animals, and by this means, destroy great numbers of noxious insects; but the benefits are more than counterbalanced by the injuries committed by the domestic kinds, and by the numerous tribes of plant-bugs, locusts or cicadse, tree-hoppers, plant- lice, bark-lice, mealy-bugs, and the like, that suck the juices of plants, and require the greatest care and watchfulness on our part to keep them in check." The fourth, Neuroptera, insects with netted wings, of which, the lace-winged flies may be especially noticed for their eminent service in devouring vast numbers of the plant-lice. The fifth, Lepidoptera, Butterflies and Moths, whose lar- vae or caterpillars are too well known for their villanous tricks. The sixth, Hymenoptera, Saw-flies, Bees, Wasps, Sj'c, including the useful and the injurious in their group, some contributing to the "sweets of life," and others to the "bit- ter," of which latter are sundry gall-producers of noted 220 Harris's Insects of New England celebrity in their literary propensities, touching an indis- pensable article in such productions, to wit, ink. The seventh, Uiptera, fall of murderous musquitoes and venomous gnats, and filthy liies, and dreadful parasites of various animals, which, if less "injurious to vegetation," are quite injurious to our feelings, and adding but little to the delights of the garden at stilly eve, beneath umbrage- ous trees and spice-breathing shrubs. In their perfect or insect state, there are several Cole- opterous insects which are great pests to the garden. Some species of willow introduced into collections for their rarity or beauty, are riddled in their foliage by the gold- smith beetle, Areoda lanigera. which appear " in Massa- chusetts about the middle of May, and continue generally till the 20th of June. In the morning and evening twilight they come forth from their retreats, and fly about with a humming and nestling sound among the branches of trees, the tender leaves of which they devour." " Pear trees are particularly subject to their attacks, but the elm, hick- ory, poplar, oak, and probably also other kinds of trees are frequented and injured by them. During the middle of the day they remain at rest upon the trees, clinging to the under-sides of the leaves ; and endeavor to con- ceal themselves by drawing two or three leaves together, and holding them in this position with their long unequal claws. In some seasons they occur in profusion, and then may be obtained in great quantities by shak- ing the voung trees on which they are lodged in the daytime, as they do not attempt to fly when thus disturbed, but fall at once to the ground. The larvae of these insects are not known ; probably they live in the ground upon the roots of plants. The group to which the goldsmith-beetle be- longs may be called Rutilians, (rutilad^), from Rutcln, or more cor- rectly Rutila, signifying shining, the name of the principal genus included in it.' The Rutilians connect the ground-beetles with the tree-beetles of the following group, having the short and robust legs of the former, with the leaf-eating habits of the latter." The following account of the rose-bug should be atten- tively read. So injurious an insect should be extirpated, if possible, by every lover of beautiful flowers and rich fruit. The immense swarms we have often seen of this disgusting creature would scarcely be credited unless by actual inspection. A neighbor of ours has been almost in- duced to give up the out-door culture of the Isabella grape in consequence of their ravages, which no eflbrt of his can seem to effectually prevent. His case is the more singular, because that fruit is grown with success close by. Perhaps a difference of soil is more favorable to the increase of the which are injurious to vegetation. 22 1 insect, a point of some importance to settle. But for the account : " The rose-chafer, or rose-bug, as it is more commonly and incorrectly called, is also a diurnal insect. It is the Melolontha subspinosa of Fabri- cius, by whom it was first described, and belongs to the modern genus Macrodactylus , {Stenothorax, in my prize essay,) of Latreille. Common as this insect is in the vicinity of Boston, it is, or was a few years ago, unknown in the northern and western parts of Massachusetts, in New- Hampshire, and in Maine. It may, therefore, be well to give a brief de- scription of it. This beetle measures seven-twentieths of an inch in length. Its body is slender, tapers before and behind, and is entirely cov- ered with very short and close ashen-yellow down ; the thorax is long and narrow, angularly widened in the middle of each side, which suggested the name stibspinosa, or somewhat spined ; the legs are slender, and of a pale red color ; the joints of the feet are tipped with black, and are very long, which caused Latreille to call the genus Macrodactylus, that is, long toe, or long foot. The natural history of the rose-chafer, one of the great- est scourges with which our gardens and nurseries have been afflicted, was for a long time involved in mystery, but is at last fully cleared up.* The prevalence of this insect on the rose, and its annual appearance coin- ciding with the blossoming of that flower, have gained for it the popular name by which it is here known. For some time after they were first noticed, rose-bugs appeared to be confined to their favorite, the blossoms of the rose ; but within thirty years they have prodigiously increased in number, have attacked at random various kinds of plants in swarms, and have become notorious for their extensive and deplorable ravages. The grape-vine in particular, the cherry, plum, and apple trees, have annually suffered by their depredations ; many other fruit-trees and shrubs, garden vegetables and corn, and even the trees of the forest and the grass of the fields, have been laid under contribution by these indiscriminate feeders, by whom leaves, flowers, and fruits are alike consumed. The unexpected arrival of these insects in swarms, at their first coming, and their sudden disappearance, at the close of their career, are remarkable facts in their history. They come forth from the ground during the second week in June, or about the time of the blossoming of the damask rose, and remain from thirty to forty days. At the end of this period the males become exhausted, fall to the ground, and perish, while the females enter the earth, lay their eggs, return to the surface, and, after lingering a few days, die also. The eggs laid by each female are about thirty in number, and are deposited from one to four inches beneath the surface of the soil ; they are nearly globular, whitish, and about one-thirtieth of an inch in diameter, and are hatched twenty days after they are laid. The young larvae begin to feed on such tender roots as are within their reach. Like other grubs of the Scarabaeians, when not eating, they lie upon the side, with the body curved so that the head and tail are nearly in contact ; they * See my Essay in the Massachusetts Agricultural Repository and Journal, Vol. X. p. 8 ; reprinted in the New England Farmer, Vol. VI. p. 18, &c. ; my Discourse before the Massachusetts HorticuUural Society, p. 31, 8vo. Cambridge, 1832. Dr. Greene's communication on this insect in the New England Parmer, Vol VI. pp. 41, 49, &c., and my Report on Insects injurious to Vegetation, in Massachusetts, House Document, No. 72, April, 1838, p. 70. 222 Harris's Insects of New England move with difficulty on a level surface, and are continually falling over on one side or the other. They attain their full size in the autumn, being then nearly three quarters of an inch long, and about an eighth of an inch in diameter. They are of a yelloAvish white color, with a tinge of blue towards the hinder extremity, which is thick and obtuse or rounded ; a few short hairs are scattered on the surface of the body ; there are six short legs, namely, a pair to each of the first three rings behind the head ; and the latter is covered with a horny shell of a pale rust color. In Octo- ber they descend below the reach of frost, and pass the winter in a torpid state. In the spring they approach towards the surface, and each one forms for itself a little cell of an oval shape, by turning round a great many times, so as to compress the earth, and render the inside of the cav- ity hard and smooth. Within this cell the grub is transformed to a pupa, during the month of May, by casting off its skin, which is pushed down- wards in folds from the head to the tail. The pupa has somewhat the form of the perfected beetle ; but it is of a yellowish white color, and its short stump-like wings, its antennae, and its legs are folded upon the breast, and its whole body is enclosed in a thin film, that wraps each part sepa- rately. During the month of June this filmy skin is rent, the included beetle withdraws from it its body and its limbs, bursts open its earthen cell, and digs its way to the surface of the ground. Thus the various changes, from the egg to the full development of the perfected beetle, are completed within the space of one year. " Such being the metamorphoses and habits of these insects, it is evi- dent that we cannot attack them in the egg, the grub, or the pupa state ; the enemy, in these stages, is beyond our reach, and is subject to the con- trol only of the natural but unknown means appointed by the Author of Nature to keep the insect tribes in check. When they have issued from their subterranean retreats, and have congregated upon our vines, trees, and other vegetable productions, in the complete enjoyment of their pro- pensities, we must unite our efforts to seize and crush the invaders. They must indeed be crushed, scalded, or burned, to deprive them of life, for they are not affected by any of the applications usually found destruc- tive to other insects. Experience has proved the utility of gathering them by hand, or shaking them or brushing them from the plants into tin vessels containing a little water. They should be collected daily during the period of their visitation, and should be committed to the Hames, or killed by scalding water. The late John Lowell, Esq. states, (Mas- sachusetts Agricultural Repository, Vol. IX. p. 1 15,) that in 1823, he discovered, on a solitary apple-tree, the rose-bugs " in vast numbers, such as could not be described, and would not be believed if they were described, or, at least, none but an ocular witness could conceive of their numbers. Destruction by hand was out of the question," in this case. He put sheets under the tree, and shook them down, and burned them. Dr. Green, of Mansfield, whose investigations have thrown much light on the history of this insect, proposes protecting plants with millinet, and says that in this way only did he succeed in securing his grape-vines from depredation. His remarks also show the utility of gathering them. " F.ighty-six of these spoilers," says he, " were known to infest a single rose-bud, and were crushed with one grasp of the hand." Suppose, as was probably the case, that one half of them were females ; by this destruction, eight hundred eggs, at least, were prevented from becoming matured. During which are injurious to vegetation. 223 ihe time of their prevalence, rose-bugs are sometimes found in immense numbers on the flowers of the common white-weed, or ox-eye daisy, {Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) , a worthless plant, which has come to us from Europe, and has been suffered to overrun our pastures, and encroach on our mowing lands. In certain cases it may become expedient rapidly to mow down the infested white-weed in dry pastures, and consume it, with the sluggish rose-bugs, on the spot." Some splendid foreign insects are faintly represented in their ricii metallic colored wing-coverings in several small species of the Buprkstid^ ; the larva of which " are wood eaters or borers. Our forests and orchards are more or less subject to their attacks, especially after the trees have passed their prime. The solid trunks and limbs of sound and vigorous trees are often bored through hi various direc- tions by these insects. Pines and firs seem particularly subject to their attacks, and even fruit trees are often in- jured by them. The wild cherry, and also the garden cherry and peach trees suffer severely from the larva of the Buprestis divaricata, copper-colored beetles, covered with little punctures, and seen " sunning themselves upon the limbs of cherry and peach trees during the months of June, July and August." So, reader, if you see any of them thus indulging their propensities in such recreations, just put them out of harm's way as speedily as possible. Closely related to these are the Elaterid^, which vault into the air with marvellous dexterity, if laid upon their backs. Of these are other virtues we omit to take notice, descending in our narrative to certain propensities of one of their number, the Elata obesvs. which resembles, in a grub state, one of the kinds called wire-v)orm in Europe, and "possibly the same. This circumstance should put ns on our guard against its depredations. It is found in April, May and June, among the roots of grass, on the under side of boards and rails, and sometimes also on fences." " The larva3 or grubs of the Elaters live upon wood and roots, and are often very injurious to vegetation. Some are confined to old or decaying trees, others devour the roots of herbaceous plants. In England they are called wire-worms, from their slenderness and uncommon hardness. They are not to be confounded with the American wire-worm, a species of lulus, which is not a true insect, but belongs to the class Myriapod.a., a name derived from the gi-eat number of feet with which most of the animals in- cluded in it are furnished ; whereas the English wire-worm has only six feet. The European wire-worm is said to live, in its feeding or larva state, not less than five years ; during the greater part of which time it is supported by devouring the roots of wheat, rye, oats, and grass, annually 224 Harris's hisects of Nero Eti gland causing a large diminution of the produce, and sometimes destroying whole crops. It is said to be particularly injurious in gardens recently converted from pasture lands. We have several grubs allied to this de- structive insect, which are quite common in land newly broken up ; but fortunately, as yet, their ravages are inconsiderable. We may expect these to increase in proportion as we disturb them and deprive them of their usual articles of food, while we continue also to persecute and de- stroy their natural enemies, the birds, and may then be obliged to resort to the ingenious method adopted by European farmers and gardeners for alluring and capturing these grubs. This method consists in strewing sliced potatoes or turnips in rows through the garden or field ; women and boys are employed to examine the slices every morning, and collect the insects which readily come to feed upon the bait. Some of these destruc- tive insects, which 1 have found in the ground among the roots of plants, were long, slender, worm-like grubs, closely resembling the common meal-worm ; they were nearly cylindrical, with a hard and smooth skin, of a buff or brownish yellow color, the head and tail only being a little darker ; each of the first three rings was provided with a pair of short legs ; the hindmost ring was longer than the preceding one, was pointed at the end, and had a little pit on each side of the extremity ; beneath this part there was a short jetractile wart, or prop-leg, serving to support the extremity of the body, and prevent it from trailing on the ground. Other grubs of Elaters difler from the foregoing in being proportionally broader, not cylindrical, but somewhat flattened, with a deep notch at the extrem- ity of the last ring, the sides of which are beset with little teeth. Such grubs are mostly wood-eaters, devouring the woody parts of roots, or liv- ing under the bark and in the trunks of old trees." To a group of comical looking insects with snouts, hence called Rhynchophorida, that is to say, snout-bearers, belong the weevils, among which figures the Pea Bug, whose ten- der larva, nesthng among the substance of the green pea, doubtless adds to its sapidity. Buggy seed peas should therefore be scalded before sowing, which operation de- stroys at least the present progeny, and gives it small chance of future increase. Besides, it hastens the germina- tion of the peas, which, in early or late sowing, even is desirable. But, among these interesting creatures, we may particularly allude to the Nejivphar or plum-weevil which, despite all our united endeavors to dislodge it effectually from our orchards, actually "turns up its nose" at our attempts, a fact which we derive from the words of our author, who, in speaking of its size, describes its "curved snout."' " These beetles begin to sting the plums as soon as the fruit is set, and, as some say, continue their operations till the first of August. After making a suitable puncture with their snouts, they lay one egg in each plum thus stung, and go over the fruit on the tree in this way till their store is exhausted ; so that, where these beetles abound, not a plum will which are injurious to vegetation. 225 escape being punctured. The irritation arising from these punctures, and from the gnawings of the grubs after they are hatched, causes the young fruit to become gummy, diseased, and finally to drop before it is ripe. Meanwhile the grub comes to its growth, and, immediately after the fruit falls, burrows into the ground. This may occur at various times between the middle of June and of August : and, in the space of a little more than three weeks afterwards, the insect completes its transforma- tions, and comes out of the ground in the beetle form. The history of the insect, thus far, is the result of my own observations ; the remainder rests on the testimony of other persons. In an account of the plum-weevil, by Dr. James Tillon of Wilming- ton, Delaware, published in Mease's " Domestic Encyclopajdia," under the article Fruit, and since republished in the " Georgical Papers for 1809," of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, and in other works, it is stated that peaches, nectarines, apples, pears, quinces, and cherries are also attacked by this insect, and that it remains in the earth, in the form of a grub, during the winter, ready to be matured into a beetle as the spring advances. These statements I have not yet been able to confirm. It seems, however, to have been fully ascertained by Professor Peck, Mr. Say, and others, in whose accuracy full confidence may be placed, that this same weevil attacks all our common stone-fruits, such as plums, peaches, nectarines, apricots, and cherries ; Dr. Burnett has recently assured me that he has seen this beetle puncturing apples ; and it is not at all improbable that the transformations of some of the grubs may be retarded till the winter has passed, analogous cases being of frequent occurrence. Those that are sometimes found in apples must not be mis- taken for the more common apple-worms, which are not the larvae of a weevil. The Rev. F. V. Melsheimer remarks in his Catalogue, that this insect lives under the bark of the peach-tree. Professor Peck raised the same beetle from a grub found in the warty excrescence of a cherry-tree, and from this circumstance named it RhynchcBnus Cerasi, the cherry- weevil. The plum, still more than the cherry tree, is subject to a disease of the small limbs, which shows itself in the form of large irregular warts, of a black color, as if charred. Grubs, apparently the same as those that, are found in plums, have often been detected in these warts, which are now generally supposed to be produced by the punctures of the beetles, and the residence of the grubs. Professor Peck says that " the seat of the disease is in the bark. The sap is diverted from its regular course, and is absorbed entirely by the bark, which is very much increased in thickness ; the cuticle bursts, the swelling becomes irregular, and is form- ed into black lumps, with a cracked, uneven, granulated surface. The wood, besides being deprived of its nutriment, is very much compressed, and the branch above the tumor perishes."* The grubs found by Profes- sor Peck in the tumors of the cherry-tree, went into the ground on the sixth of July, and on the thirtieth of the same month, or twenty-four days from their leaving the bark, the perfect insects began to rise, and were soon ready to deposit their eggs in healthy branches. * See Professor Peck's account of Insects which affect Oaks and Cherry trees ; with a plate; in the " Massachusetts Agricultural Repository and Journal." Vol. V. p. 312. VOL. IX. — NO. VI. 29 226 Harris's Lisects of New E^igland In order to account for the occurrence of these insects, both in the fruit and in the branches of the trees, I have ventured, on another occasion, to give the following explanation, although it rests only upon conjecture. The final transformation of the grubs, living in the fruit, appears to take place at various times during the latter part of summer and the beginning of autumn, when the weevil, finding no young fruit, is probably obliged to lay its eggs in the small branches. The larva; or grubs from these eggs live in the branches during the winter, and are not perfected till near the last of the following June. Should the fall of the fruit occur late in the autumn, the development of the beetles will be retarded till the next spring ; and this I suppose to be the origin of the brood which stings the fruit. These suggestions seem to receive some confirmation from the known habits of the copper-colored plum-weevils of Europe, which, " in default of plums, make u.se of the soft spring shoots of the plum and apricot trees." — (Roller's Treatise, p. 238.) In cases like these, we see the care of the Creator for some of the least of his creatures, which He has wisely povided with variable instincts, enabling them to accommodate themselves to the difl^culties of the situation in which they may happen to be placed, and thus, even in unfruitful seasons, to provide for a succession of their kind. The following, among other remedies that have been suggested, may be found useful in checking the ravages of the plum-weevil. Let the trees be briskly shaken or suddenly jarred every morning and evening during the time that the insects appear in the beetle form, and are engaged in laying their eggs. When thus disturbed, they contract their legs and fall ; and, as they do not immediately attempt to fly or crawl away, they may be caught in a sheet spread under the tree, from which they should be gathered into a large wide-mouthed bottle or other tight vessel, and be thrown into the fire. All the fallen wormy plums should be immediately gathered, and, after they are boiled or steamed, to kill the enclosed grubs, they may be given as food to swine. The diseased excrescences should be cut and burned every year before the last of June. The moose plum- tree {Prunus Americana) , which grows wild in Maine, seems to escape the attacks of insects, for no warts are found upon it, even when growing in the immediate vicinity of diseased foreign trees. It would, therefore, be the best of stocks for budding or engrafting upon. It can easily be raised from the stone, and grows rapidly, but does not attain a great size. For further suggestions and remarks, the account of this insect by Dr. Joel Burnett, in the eighteenth volume of the ' New England Farmer,' may be consulted." Another insidious coleopterous insect is the Scolytus Pyri, whose hidden operations almost eluding vision, rapidly occasions the entire loss of branches of our most valuable pear-trees. " For many years past, the pear-tree has been found to be subject to a peculiar malady, whicli shows itself during midsummer by the sudden withering of the leaves and fruit, and the discoloration of the bark of one or more of the limbs, followed by the immediate death of the part affected. In June, 1816, the Hon. John Lowell, of Roxbury, discovered a minute insect in one of the affected limbs of a pear-tree ; afterwards he repeatedly which are injurious to vegetation. 227 detected the same insects in blasted limbs, and his discoveries have been confirmed by Mr. Henry Wheeler and the late Dr. Oliver Fiske, of Wor- cester. Mr. Lowell submitted the limb and the insect contained therein to the examination of Professor Peck, who gave an account and figure of the latter, in the fourth volume of the ' Massachusetts Agricultural Repository and Journal.' From this account, and from the subsequent communication by Mr. Lowell, in the fifth volume of the ' New England Farmer,' it appears that the grub or larva of the insect eats its way in- ward through the alburnum or sap-wood into the hardest part of the wood, beginning at the root of a bud, behind which probably the e^^ was depos- ited, following the course of the eye of the bud towards the pith, around which it passes, and part of which it also consumes ; thus forming, after penetrating through the alburnum, a circular burrow or passage in the heart-wood, contiguous to the pith which it surrounds. By this means the central vessels, or those which convey the ascending sap, are divided, and the circulation is cut off. This takes place when the increasing heat of the atmosphere, producing a greater transpiration from the leaves, ren- ders a large and continued flow of sap necessary to supply the evapora- tion. For the want of this, or from some other unexplained cause, the whole of the limb above the seat of the insect's operations suddenly with- ers, and perishes during the intense heat of midsummer. The larva is changed to a pupa, and subsequently to a little beetle, in the bottom of its burrow, makes its escape from the tree in the latter part of June, or begin- ning of July, and probably deposits its eggs before August has passed. This little beetle, which is only one tenth of an inch in length, was named Scolytus Pyri, the pear-tree Scolytus, by Professor Peck ; it is of a deep brown color, with the antennae and legs rather paler, or of the color of iron-rust. The thorax is short, very convex, rounded and rough before ; the wing-covers are minutely punctured in rows, and slope off very sud- denly and obliquely behind ; the shanks are widened and flattened towards the end, beset with a few little teeth externally, and end with a short hook ; and the joints of the feet are slender and entire. It is evident that this insect cannot be retained in the genus Scolytus, as defined by modern naturalists ; but the condition of my specimens will not enable me to deter- mine with certainty to which of the modern genera they are to be referred. The minuteness of the insect, the difficulty attending the discovery of the precise seat of its operations before it has left the tree, and the small size of the aperture through which it makes its escape from the limb, are pro- bably the reasons why it has eluded the researches of those persons who disbelieve in its existence as the cause of the blasting of the limbs of the pear-tree. It is to be sought for at or near the lowest part of the diseased limbs, and in the immediate vicinity of the buds situated about that part. The remedy, suggested by Mr. Lowell and Professor Peck, to prevent other limbs and trees from being subsequently attacked in the same way, consists in cutting off" the blasted limb below the seat of injury, and burning it before the perfect insect has made its escape. It will therefore be necessary, carefully to examine our pear-trees daily, during the month of June, and watch for the first indication of disease, or the remedy may be applied too late to prevent the dispersion of the insects among other trees." The injury to which our wooden houses is subject from the gallery mining operations of the Callidium bajulus, is 22S Hftrris's Li9ec/s of Neic England so great that we should be indebted vastly to any one who could suggest a remedy. Some vermin, we are recom- mended to treat with '• cold lead," but, from " fragments of lead found in the stomachs"' of certain of these strange gournumds, we fear, such a remedy, at least, might fail. it is the more provoking, too, to be informed that now " common in the maritime parts of the United States it was probably first brought to this country by vessels from Hurope."' Rather a modest looking creature is the apple-tree borer, when in its full suit, certainly seeming harmless enough, although evidently, on examination, only a hypocritical disguise in which to come out into honest broad daylight. This insect {Saperda bivittata) too, although so common to our orchards, does not seem to be very widely diffused, if we may judge from the surprise manifested by a friend of ours in a neighboring state, to whom we proved its exist- ence in his trees, whose foliage had begun to fail only a year or two before, and the cause of which was hitherto a mystery. This statement, we are aware, is contradictory to the following extract of the Report, although, perhaps, the instance in our knowledge was a singular one. We mention it rather, because it excited our surprise at the time. " The borers of the apple-tree have become notorious, throughout the New England and Middle States, for their extensive ravages. They are the larvae of a beetle called Saperda bivittata by Mr. Say, the two-striped, or the brown and white striped Saperda ; the upper side of its body being marked with two longitudinal white stripes between three of a light brown color, while the face, the antennae, the under-side of the body, and the legs, are white. This beetle varies in length from a little more than one half to three quarters of an inch. It comes forth from the trunks of the trees, in its perfected state, early in June, making its escape in the night, during which time only it uses its ample wings in going from tree to tree in search of companions and food. In the daytime it keeps at rest among the leaves of the plants which it devours. The trees and shrubs princi- pally attacked by this borer, are the apple-tree, the quince, mountain ash, hawthorn and other thorn bushes, the June-berry or shad-l)ush, and other kinds of j4me/«?icAie/- and vlronw. Our native thorns and Aronias are its natural food ; for I have discovered the larvae in the stems of these shrubs, and have repeatedly found the beetles upon thorn, eating the leaves, in June and July. It is in these months that the eggs are deposited, being laid upon the bark near the root, during the night. The larvse hatched therefrom are fleshy whitish grubs, nearly cylindrical, and tapering a little from the first ring to the end of the body. The head is small, horny, and brown ; the first ring is much larger than the others, the next two are which are bijurious to vegetatio7i. 229 very short, and, with the first, are covered with punctures and very minute hairs ; the following rings, to the tenth inclusive, are each furnished, on the upper and under side, with two fleshy warts situated close together, and destitute of the little rasp-like teeth, that are usually found on the grubs of the other Capricorn-beetles ; the eleventh and twelfth rings are very short; no appearance of legs can be seen, even with a magnifying glass of high power. The grub, with its strong jaws, cuts a cylindrical passage through the bark, and pushes its castings backwards out of the hole from time to time, while it bores upwards into the wood. The larva state continues two or three years, during which the borer will be found to have penetrated eight or ten inches upwards in the trunk of the tree, its burrow at the end approaching to, and being covered only by, the bark. Here its transformation takes place. The pupa does not differ much from other pupas of beetles ; but it has a transverse row of minute prickles on each of the rings of the back, and several at the tip of the abdomen. These probably assist the insect in its movements, when casting off its pupa-skin. The final change occurs about the first of June, soon after which, the beetle gnaws through the bark that covers the end of its bur- row, and comes out of its place of confinement in the night. Notwithstanding the pains that have been taken by some persons to de- stroy and exterminate these pernicious borers, they continue to reappear in our orchards and nurseries every season. The reasons of this are to be found in the habits of the insects, and in individual carelessness. Many orchards suffer deplorably from the want of proper attention ; the trees are permitted to remain, year after year, without any pains being taken to destroy the numerous and various insects that infest them ; old orchards, especially, are neglected, and not only the rugged trunks of the trees, but even a forest of unpruned suckers around them, are left to the undisturbed possession and perpetual inheritance of the Saperda. On the means that have been used to destroy this borer, a few remarks only need to be made ; for it is evident that they can be fully successful only when generally adopted. Killing it by a wire thrust into the holes it has made, is one of the oldest, safest, and most successful methods. Cutting out the grub, with a knife or gouge, is the most common practice ; but it is feared that these tools have sometimes been used without sufficient caution. A third method, which has more than once been suggested, consists in plugging the holes with soft wood. If a little camphor be previously inserted, this practice promises to be more effectual ; but experiments are wanting to confirm its expediency." Omitting the insects of the second order, we next meet with some old but very disagreeable acquaintances in the third order. Hemiptera, the Squash Bugs, which, though smelUng like " an over-ripe pear," weconcur with the author in adding, " but far too powerful to be agreeable." " In order to prevent the ravages of these insects, they should be sought and killed when they are about to lay their eggs ; and if any escape our observation at this time, their eggs may be easily found and crushed. With this view the squash-vines must be visited daily, during the early part of their growth, and must be carefully examined for the bugs and their eggs. A very short time spent in this way every day, in the proper 230 Harrises Insects of New England season, will save a great deal of vexation and disappointment afterwards. If this precaution be neglected or deferred till the vines have begun to spread, it will be exceedingly difficult to exterminate the insects, on account of their numbers ; and, if at this time dry weather should prevail, the vines will suffer so much from the bugs and drought together, as to produce but little if any fruit. Whatever contributes to bring forward the plants rapidly, and to promote the vigor and luxuriance of their foliage, renders them less liable to suffer by the exhausting punctures of the young bugs. Water drained from a cow-yard, and similar preparations have, with this intent, been applied with benefit." To tlie fifth order, Lepidoptera, belong those winged beanties of day and night habits, known as bntterflies and moths; and whose larvae are known as caterpillars. "Of these five hundred species, which are natives of Massachu- setts, are already known to me, and probably there are at least as many more kinds to be discovered within the limits of this Commonwealth. As each female usually lays from two hundred to five hundred eggs, one thousand dif- ferent kinds of bntterflies and moths will produce, on an average, three hundred thousand caterpillars : if one half of this number, when arrived at maturity, are females, they will give forty-five millions of caterpillars in the sec- ond, and six thousand seven hundred and fifty millions in the third generation." The green parsley worm, which makes itself quite at home among our umbelliferous plants, and despoils the foli- age of several of our valuable culinary plants, is the larva of a fine butterfly, which we should hardly be willing to destroy, even if we could catch it, a task not always so easily etfected as imagined. To watch the nice balancing on wing of the Sphinx qulnqucmaculatiis, and to notice the curious mechanism of its long fl.exile tongue queerly stowed away under its chin, when not in use, would quite deter any one from doing bodily injury to the perfect form of the potato-worm. A very naughty larva form of a beautiful moth we have in Sphinx Panijnnatrix^ which, not content with destroying the foliage of the grape, actually snips off the berries from the bunches long before they are ripe, cer- tainly a piece of supererogatory work, and quite unneces- sary to horticultural notions of "thinning out" the crop. Who would think, too, that the sad ravager of the peach tree, boring and sapping its vital energies and destroying the fondest hopes of the gardener, could assume such beau- tiful metamorphosis, emerging from its dark galleries at the which are injurious to vegetation. 231 foot of the tree, a vespae-form, gauze-winged and parti-col- ored insect, in the ^geria exitiosa ? While vile caterpil- lars, covering our apple-trees with silken canopies, and indicating, by their presence, a want of thrift and industry, convert themselves, by the magic of nature, into sundry trim moths, very much improved by the change, and with difficulty recognizable in their proper garb as really identi- cal with the pests of the orchard. And cut-worms, biting off young cauliflowers, and tender cabbages, and canker- worms, yes, and a long array of others, which, reader, we advise you to become acquainted with, for your own com- fort, and whose entertaining history we invite you to peruse in the work before us, are traced to forms of elegance and beauty, by the patience of the Entomologist, and by his practical skill. Belonging to the order Hymenoptera, our choice Roses, delicious cherries and fine pears are subject to slugs, the larva of saw-flies. These disgusting creatures quite disfig- ure an entire plant, even before the mischief is apprehended, eating away the cuticle, and leaving the foliage of a dead brown, as if scorched with fire. We have used with suc- cess ashes, lime, and even dry dirt or dust, which, cleav- ing to their soft bodies, seems to speedily extirpate them, if the experiment is often repeated. Lately anew substi- tute has been found in soap-suds, a strong decoction of whale-oil soap, which can be applied to the highest trees with a proper engine, or by a syringe. To the DiPTERA belongs the Hessian fly and wheat fly, so destructive to grain crops. The minuteness of these little creatures, and their singular habits, render accurate and detailed information very difiicult to be procured. Many and various expedients are resorted to, for their destruction, or to escape from the evils attendant on their presence, and all with more or less success. Much knowledge may be gained on this topic from the pages of the work before us, and many valuable hints suggested. We renewedly and confidently recommend its perusal to all our readers. To the culturist it will serve as an instructive companion : to the general reader as an entertaining book : to the student in nature as an expanded leaf in her great volume, and to every one as an instance of the result of industry and re- search into the hidden mysteries of some of the most curi- ous forms of organic life. X. 232 New Haven Horticultural and thi Art. II. Transactions of the New Haven Horticultural and the New Haven County Agricultural Societies^ for 1841. Pamphlet, 8vo. pp. 84. New Haven. 1842. This is an interesting pamplilet, containing the doings of the two societies named above, for the year 1841. It con- tains a sketch of the history of the Horticnltnral Society, reports on gardens, Hst of preminms, names of the ofii- cers, &c. From the sketch of the history of the Horticultural So- ciety, we learn that it was first organized in December, 1831, two years after the organization of the Massachu- setts Horticultural Society. Its first exhibition was in June, 1831, but only a few individuals then took an inter- est in its doings. In 1832, it was incorporated by the Leg- islature, and from 1833 to 1840 annual fairs liave been held at the State-house. In noticing the progress of gardening, and the conse- quent improvement in the style of laying out grounds, &c., some excellent remarks are made, and good advice otTered, to those who intend to build ; and though they are intended for the latitude of New Haven, they will answer equally well for all other cities both north and south. Those of our readers who intend to build, may read the following, and deriv^e advantage from it : " A spot for building should he at an easy distance — not less than two hundred feet from the road, slightly elevated, and protected on the north and west, if possible, by a hill or grove, and near as may be to the centre of the farm. If there are a few forest trees scattered here and there, do not imitate the green horns who come from the cities to build where they can have a shady and cool retreat, and then deliberately cut down the na- tive trees as being vulgar because they are common, and in their place set up a forest of bare poles as if for the pleasure of waiting for them to grow. Let such trees stand for shade and beauty forever, or at least until your fruit trees are mature. These should be planted in front and around the house ; of the choicest varieties, and arranged with good taste and for future effect. Let the barns and all the out buildings be placed at a con- venient distance in the rear, and leave two or three shade trees in the barn yard, that the cattle may have their share of comfort, for it should be re- membered that trees arc accommodating and economical ; shady in sum- mer, open in winter, and that a good forest tree drops leaves enough in the fall to add half a load to the compost heap." "The garden, of liberal dimensions, needs as nearly as possible a southern exposure, and if there is an unfailing spring or a bright spark- New Have?i County Agricultural Societies. 233 ling brook near by, so much the better. The farmer will find that by attention to such points as these, he may do without gingerbread work upon his house, and that the simple and unpretending cottage, neatly kept and looking out from among fruit trees and vines, will be far more attrac- tive than a gaudily colored house exposed to the dust and heat of the turnpike. Why should he take from choice the location which in cities is only submitted to from necessity? When expensive houses are to be erected, a small sum paid for a proper plan will be more judiciously ex- pended than any other part of the outlay." New Haven is noted for its neat and substantial dwell- ings, and it is because a true taste has been disseminated that so much architectural design is apparent. In the report of the committee to examine gardens offered for premiums, those of H. Whitney, M. Baldwin and Chas. Robinson, Esqrs., Mrs. Hillhouse, Mr. Walton, Mr. Fagan, Mr. Gabriel, Mr. Hotchkiss, Mr. Franklin and Mr. Mans- field are highly praised. That of Mr. H. Whitney took the first premium of f 10. MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Art. I. General JS/otices. Destruction of Insects by Chamomile. — A communication was read be fore the London Horticultural Society, by Sir C. B. Monck, upon the de- struction of the brown scale, by hanging branches of Chamomile upon orange trees infected with this insect. In about a fortnight after the chamomile was placed among the plants, the young scales, which were nearly half grown, began to turn black and dry up. A further experi- ment was made by syringing the plants with a decoction of the herb, and with very good effect. In connexion with this, it is stated by the editor of the Chronicle, that it is worth while to try all kinds of experiments on the subject. The vapor of sulphur will kill the red spider, the vapor of tobacco the green fly ; and it has very lately been ascertained that the vapor of oil of turpentine will kill wasps. There may be something then in the odor of chamomile which is so deleterious to some insects as to destroy them. We repeat that this subject is worthy of further experi- ment.— Ed. Grafting Grape Vines. — It is unnecessary when a vine does not prove true to be the kind expected, to remove it to make room for another ; the ease with which an inferior vine can be grafted with another sort, renders it quite a waste of time to plant one to supply its place ; a far better way- is to select a shoot, as low as possible on the old vine, and to inarch it with another kind, either from a pot or from a neighboring plant ; this, however, should be done when the vines are in full growth. In six weeks they will have become sufficiently united, so that the engrafted shoot may be severed from the parent plant ; and if allowed plenty of light and air, it will mature its wood sufficiently to take the place of the old bearing stem, VOL. IX. NO. VI. 30 234 Fon Noti which may be cut away the following season ; or if the graft is not thought strong enough, it may be cut down and allowed another year's growth, whilst the original stem may be retained. I have treated several vines so, and it appears to have the effect of hastening or retarding the ripening of the same grape, accordingly as the stock may be of a late or early kind. I had two vines, the names of which I do not know ; one was a very late grape, with bunches and berries shaped like a Black Por- tugal, but of a grizzly color ; the other, which is called Sicilian, was a round early white grape, about the size of a Dutch Sweetwater, and hol- lowed at the end like an orange, very sweet, but having a disagreeable thick skin. These I inarched from a neighboring Black Hamburgh ; the fruit from the early ste^n ripened first, and the leaves dropped oft' some time ago ; whereas on the late stem the leaves are still green : their parent is in an intermediate state. — {Gard. Chron. 1843, p. 37.) Art. II. Foreign JVotices. ENGLAND. Prize Dahlias for 1842. — The Gai'd. Chronicle, at the request of some of its readers, gives a list of dahlias which were most successful in gain- ing prizes during the last season. The following are the names of the varieties : — Times sliowii. Time s sliown. Pickwick, 108 Conservative, 40 President of the West, - 104 Ansell's Unique, 43 Phenomenon, - 98 Eclipse, (Cattleugh's,) 46 Maria, - . - 76 Queen, (Widnall's,) - 34 Lewisham Rival, 68 Dowager Lady Cooper, 30 Beauty of the Plain, 68 Bloomsbury, (Pamplin's,) 30 Maid of Bath, - 66 Suffolk Hero, 33 Grace Darling, 62 Nicholas Nickleby, 38 Bridesmaid, 60 Egyptian Prince, 27 Rouge et Noire, - 60 Fanny Keynes, 26 Duchess of Richmond, 60 Eclipse, (Widnall's,) 26 Lee's Bloomsbury, 60 Regina, 27 Le Grand Bedouin, 58 Rival Sussex, 27 Argo, - - . 56 Tournament, 28 Cox's Defiance, 55 Rienzi, 24 Prince of Wales, (Dodd's) 54 Conductor, 20 Burnham Hero, 48 Climax, 24 Hope, 50 Scarlet Defiance, 18 Indispensable, 48 Tournament, (Cattleugh's, ) 15 Hudson's Princess Royal, 44 Conqueror of the World, 17 Springfield Rival, 40 Amato, 17 Andrew Hofer, 48 Countess of Pembroke, - 15 Metella, 44 Bedford Surprise, - 14 Admirable, 36 Such a table would seem to convey an exact value of the several varie- ties as show flowers ; but this is not the case. Take for instance Wid- Domestic Notices. 235 nail's Queen ; it was last season let out for the first time at the high price of 10s. 6d. per plant, while Pickwick, an old variety, was only 2s. 6d. Consequently fifty plants of Pickwick were cultivated to one of the Queen, and they were shown at exhibitions in probably the same propor- tion. Several others might be mentioned whose growth was as limited as that of the Queen. Cultivators, however, will learn from the above table how much they can rely upon these kinds for show next autumn. {Gard. Chronicle, 1843, p. 231.) Art. hi. Domestic JVotices. Cincinnati Horticultural Society. — At an adjourned meeting of this newly formed Society, a large number of resident and corresponding members were elected. The Society voted to subscribe for Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, Loudon's Gardeners'' Magazine, Lindley's Gardeners^ Chronicle and Hofiy's American Orchardist Coiiipanion. Mr. A. H. Ernst presented to the Society specimens of a new seedling apple, of great excellence and beauty ; he also gave the following account of its origin : A large number of seedling apple trees were planted on the farm of Mr. Joel Gillett, Lawrence County, Ohio, about 25 years ago. One of these trees produced this apple. The tree is of rapid growth while young, and its bark is very smooth. It is large at the base, tapering fast to the top, with limbs short and tough, well calcu- lated to bear its enormous annual burthen. The tree has a round head, and requires much pruning while young ; the fruit holds on well, and, as before stated, is an enormous bearer every year. The apple is above medium size, of bright red color, on yellow ground, smooth and thin skin, with some dark spots over the surface ; shape rather oblong, inclining to one side, flat at the base ; stem small and in- serted in a deep cavity ; blossom end suddenly rounding off to a deep hol- low ; flesh white ; flavor a delicious subacid ; the fruit keep plump and fresh without shrivelling till May and June, and is admirably adapted for a southern market. The Society appears to be in a prosperous condition, and it is the inten- tion to hold weekly meetings through the summer, for exhibitions of flowers, fruits and vegetables, in the same manner of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. — Ed. Hovey's Seedling Strawberry. — It may not be uninteresting to say to you, that I have a small bed of Hovey's Seedling Strawberry, which has fully answered my expectations. It promises to be here every thing that has been said of it, as to productiveness, fine flavor, &c. I have not noticed the defect to exist that has been spoken of by Mr. Long- worth and others. — Yours, James Camak, Athens, Ga. May, 1843. Native Variety of the Straivberry. — We have here a native variety called the Haiokins Strawberry, which for productiveness and luxuriance of growth, and indeed for most of the good qualities of a good strawberry cannot be excelled. — James Camak, Athens, Ga. [If our correspondent should have an opportunity to send, we should be pleased to receive a few plants, in order to try this kind in comparison with others, and for the purpose of crossing, with a view to the production of new sorts. — Ed.] 236 MussachusetLt Hoi'ticidtwal Society. Destruction of the Curculio by the Use of Sah. — Now that the season is approaching when the Curculio begins to emerge from the ground, we are induced to request fruit cultivators to try the effect of salt in destroy- ing them. We have been assured by several experienced fruit cultiva- tors, that they have found salt a perfect preventative against the ravages of this destructive insect, and that they have had annually good crops of plums, while their neighbors have lost a larger portion of their fruit. Our friend Capt. Lovett, of Beverly, informs us that he has applied half a peck or more of salt to each tree, spreading it on the ground as far as the branches extend. This is done about the first of June, and as it is washed into the ground by the rains, it appears to prevent the Curculio from making his way alive through it. The salt does not appear to injure the tree in the least. We would advise all our friends who have plum trees subject to the attacks of the Curculio to try this remedy, and send us an account of their experiments for publication, in order that all the informa- tion possible may be elicited which may lead to a certain remedy for this insidious enemy of the plum cultivator. — Ed. Art. IV. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Saturday, May 1, 1843. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day — the President in the chair. A letter was read from A. H. Ernst, Corresponding Member, Cincin- nati, Ohio ; it accompanied some specimens of a sweet apple called the Lansinburgh. Mr. Ernst, in his letter, states the grafts of this variety were brought from Lansinburgh, N. Y., some years since, without a name ; the person who procured the grafts called them after the town from which he got them. He also states that they are highly esteemed in Cincinnati as a shipping fruit for the south. Mr. Ernst concluded by remarking that he would, with pleasure, send grafts for distribution among the members, if the apple was not known in our vicinity. A vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Ernst for his communication and the accom- panying fruit. The President laid before the Society copies of several books voted to be procured by the Library Committee. It was voted that none of the periodical works should be allowed to go out of the Library until a vol- ume is completed and bound. The Committee appointed to publish the Transactions of the Society for 1841 and 42, laid before the meeting five hundred copies, for distribu- tion among the members. Meeting adjourned one month, to June 3. Exhibited. — Fruit : Lansinburgh apples, from A. H. Ernst, Cincinnati, Ohio. May I3th. — Exhibited. Flowers: from J. F. Allen, Salem, Lawren- cia rubra, Cramoisie superieure, Eugene Beauharnois, Victoire Modeste, (tea,) and Princess of Nassau roses. From I. Livcrmore, Esq., Cam- bridge, a fine seedling Pelargonium. From the Public Garden, two seed- ling Pelargoniums and a Fuchsia which had been treated with guano ; the Pelargoniums were the same plants exhibited last autumn at the annual show of the Society. In February, the plants were repotted into Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 237 No. 4 pots, and one teaspoonful of guano applied to the soil of each ; the growth was strong and the number of blooms surprising, each plant hav- ing upwards of three hundred buds and flowers ; they have been under the care of our correspondent, Mr. Teschemacher, whose excellent arti- cle upon the use of guano appeared at p. 168. From Miss Sumner and J. L. L. F. Warren, bouquets. From S. Sweet- ser, roses and geraniums. Fruit : from J. F. Allen, Salem, Black Hamburgh grapes and Malaga figs — the latter fully ripe and fine. Vegetables : good specimens of asparagus from J. F. Allen. May 20th. — Exhibited. Flowers : from Wm. Meller, a fine display of cut flowers of Pelargoniums, embracing a large number of seedlings. From J. F. Allen, Cramoisie superieure. Bonne Silene, (tea,) and other roses, and a specimen of Hoya carnosa. From J. A. Kenrick, Mag- nolia conspicua, and Soulangeano, blush and scarlet Pyrus jap6nica, aza- leas and other flowers. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Epiphyllum Acker- mknii, Pelargoniums and other flowers. From S. Sweetser, Pelargo- niums and a plant of Fuchsia gracilis. From the Public Garden, by J. E. Teschemacher, two plants of J^cacia lophantha, one of which had been watered with a solution of nitrate of soda, made in the proportion of one ounce to a gallon of water ; the plant was watered with this liquid once a week for the preceding six weeks. The other plant had the usual treatment. They were both seedlings of last year, and when first potted, Nov. 5, were of equal size ; that watered with the soda was now near one third larger than the other, and with a much more vigorous and compact habit. The exhibition of Pelargoniums for premium took place to-day. The only competitor was Mr. Meller. The following is the report of the judges : — For the best display of cut flowers shown in single trusses, with foli- age, a premium of five dollars to Mr. W. Meller. Messrs. C. M. Hovey and H. W. Button, judges. Fruits : from J. F. Allen, oranges and Bergamot limes. From Dr. B. Shurtleff", Seaver sweeting apples. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Isabella grapes of the growth of 1842, in good state of preservation. A'^egetables : fine specimens of aspai-agus and brocolis from J. Hill^ West Cambridge. Asparagus and cucumbers from J. L. L. F. Warren. From S. Sweetser, rhubarb. May 27th. — Exhibited. Flowers : from J. A. Kenrick, cut flowers of Padbnia Moiitan papaveracea and Banks;£E, Cornus florida, azaleas of several varieties, Tartarian honeysuckles, &c. From S. R. Johnson, a fine display of tulips. From S. Walker, a fine display of tulips. Bou- quets from J. L. L. F. Warren, W. Kenrick and Misses Sumner. The exhibition of tulips for premiums took place to-day, and the fol- lowing is the report of the judges : — For the best display of tulips, not less than thirty blooms, a premi- um of four dollars to S. Walker. For the second best display of flowers, not less than thirty blooms, a premium of two dollars to S. R. Johnson. Vegetables : from J. Hill, some very large and superior specimens of asparagus, one of the bunches weighing 2 3-4 lbs. ; two weighing 5 1-16 lbs. ; the largest spear measured 4 inches in circumferance. 238 Pa7ieuil Hall Market. Art. V. Faneuil Hall Market. Roots, Tubers, 4-c. Potatoes : Chenangoes,JP:;!:-£, Common,..., ^»"^^=i"«=l Eastports,... Nova Scotia, ^P -4-1 Sweet, per bushel, . . . Turnips, per bushel : Common, . . . per bushel, per barrel, per bushel, per barrel, per bushel, per barrel. Ruta Ba^, . . . Onions : Red, per bunch, . . White, per bunch, . New, per bunch, Yellow, per bushel, Red, per bushel, Beets, per bushel. Beets, per bushel, . Carrots, per bushel, . Parsnips, per bushel, . Salsify, per dozen roots, Horseradish, per pound, Radishes, per bunch. Garlic, per pound. . . Cabbag-es, Salads, (f-c. Cabbages, per dozen : Drumheads, . . Savovs, . . . Red butch, . . Brocolis, each, . . Cauliflowers, each. Lettuce, per head, . Celery, per root, . Spinach, per peck. Dandelions, per peck, Rhubarb, per pound, Asparagus, per bunch Cabbage Sprouts, per peck, Cucumbers, (pickled) pr gal Peppers (pickled) per gal. From $ cts. 1 00 30 75 30 1 50 62i 30 37i To 87^ 1 75 1 00 50 50 4 4 6 I 00 1 00 75 62^ 75 10 4 Pot and Sweet Herbs Parsley, per half peck, Sage, per pound, . . Marjorum, per bunch. Savory, per bunch, . Spearmint, per bunch. Squashes and Pumpkins. Squashes, per pound : Canada Crookneck, . Winter Crookneck, . West India, .... Pumpkins, each, . . . Fruits. Apples, dessert and cooking Baldwins, per barrel, . Greenings, per barrel, Russets, per barrel, . Common, per barrel, . . Lady apple, per half peck Common sweet, pr bushel Dried apple, per lb. . Pears : Baking, per bushel, . Cranberries, per bushel. Tomatoes, per dozen, . Grapes, per pound : Malaga, white, ... Malaga, purple, . . Black Hamburgh, forced. Pine-apples, each. Cucumbers, each, . . . Lemons, per dozen, . . O-^-. l^na, : Chesnuts, per bushel, . Walnuts, per bushel, Cocoanuts, per hund. Almonds, per lb. . . . English Walnuts, per lb. Castana, per lb. . . . From To S cts. S cts. 12A 12| 2 25 1 75 2 00 4 00 2 00 37i 25 25 25 3 50 6 12 Remarks. — A continuation of unusally cool weather for the season, has retarded farming and pardening operations materially. The weather has been fair, and but little rain has fallen during the month ; but there has been a succession of cold easterly winds, which has been unfavorable to the vegetation of all tender seeds and the growth of tender plants. Com- pared with last spring, the season is some considerable later, but with that of 1841 it is earlier by a few days. Horticultural Memoranda. 239 Vegetables. — The vegetable market has experienced but little change since our last. It continues to be well supplied even beyond the demand. Potatoes, in consequence of large supplies from the east, are of dull sale, and the best command only our quotations ; Long Reds may perhaps be purchased for less ; the Dean potato (called by some the best,) has been extensively planted this year ; its great productiveness renders it a moat desirable sort. Turnips are plentiful for the season. Onions are scarce, and but few are to be had except in bunches. New Whites come in freely and of fair size. Radishes are abundant and cheap for the early season. Cabbages can scarcely be included in this month's report : so few remain on hand it is unnecessary to name any prices. Brocolis and cauliflowers are nearly or quite out of the market. Lettuce is fine and handsome , but not so abundant as usual ; it commands good prices for the season. Celery is about gone. Spinach, dandelion and cabbage sprouts are plentiful ; but no turnip tops have made their appearance. Rhubarb is now brought in in great abundance, and great quantities are now dis- posed of; the increase of the use of this vegetable has been very great within a year or two. Some market-gardeners in the vicinity have an acre under cultivation. The season has been so cold that asparagus holds up to the high price of our quotations ; last year it was abundant at six cents per bunch in May. Crookneck squashes are all gone ; fresh arrivals of West India's have stocked the market, and caused a reduction since our last. Fruit. — The fruit market is dull enough. Russett apples of the very best quality, handsome and in fine order, commanding only $ 2 25 per barrel : and good Baldwins but a little more ; Greenings are all gone. A few Lady Apples yet remain, but they are in poor order. Of pears there is no stock ; baking have been all taken within a few days. Cran- berries are tolerably abundant, and prices less firm. Grapes are all gone, but to supply the place of foreign ones a few Black Hamburghs have been brought in. Lemons are abundant ; Sicily Oranges are plentiful and good ; Sweet Havannas are all gone. Cucumbers now come in rather freely, and are readily taken at our prices. In Nuts but little is doing. — M. T., Boston, May 29th, 1843. HORTICULTURAL MEMORANDA FOR JUNE. FRUIT DEPARTMENT. Grape Vines will now be swelling their fruit rapidly, and will need at- tention. Keep the vines clear of superfluous wood ; nip off" the ends of the fruiting shoots ; syringe pr water the house freely ; thin the berries, and be careful in tying up and shouldering the large clusters ; water at the root if dry weather ensues, and give due quantities of air in all fine weather. Vines in cold-houses, so termed, will now be just in bloom, 240 Horticultural Memoranda. and will need care. See that the wood is laid in well for bearing next season. Vineries without artificial heat will be just in bloom. Strawberry Beds may be yet made if other work has been so pressing as to have neglected it. Keep old beds clear of weeds. Fruit Trees will now need much care ; pruning must be attended to in season. Young seedling trees should be kept clear of weeds, and trees that have been budded should have all superfluous shoots destroyed. FLOWER DEPARTMENT. Camellias may be removed from the greenhouse to the open air this month ; choosing a cool and half shady aspect, and placing the pots on boards or coal ashes to keep the worms out of the pots. Repotting may now be successfully performed, and cuttings may now be taken off for propagation. IXiUp Beds should be kept free of weeds, and the bulbs carefully taken up the latter part of the month. OxaUscs should now be placed on a dry shelf where they will not re- ceive any water. Roses may now be turned out of the pots into the ground, selecting a good rich spot ; cuttings may be put in, made from the prunings of the plants, which should be headed down. Ericas may yet be successfully propagated by cuttings. Repot old plants and pot off cuttings struck in March. Cactuses should now receive plenty of water. Pansies sown in boxes or pots in April, may now be pricked out into small properly prepared beds. Hyacinths should be taken up this month. Carnations should be turned out of the pots into the ground, if not done before. Seeds may now be sown. Chrysanthemums. — The young plants just potted off should be duly watered and encouraged in their growth by plunging the pots in the ground. Azaleas should be repotted, if not done before. Balsams, China Asters, and similar plants, sown in boxes, should be transplanted out into the border. Fuchsias, struck from cuttings and potted off, should now be shifted, if large plants are wanted. Geraniums, as soon as done blooming, should be cut down, and the cuttings put in, if young plants are wanted. Heliotropes, planted out in the border, grow luxuriantly, and are highly desirable for their vanilla odor. Dahlias will need particular attention this month. They should be set out from the 1st to the 20th. Prepare the soil by deep spading, and put at least a shovelful of manure to each plant. Stake the plants, as they are often broken off by the first high wind, if neglected. Verbenas may now be turned out into small beds or in the border. Gladioluses and Tuberoses, forwarded in pots, may now be put out into the open ground. Cyclamens may be turned out into a cool situation in the border. Brachycome iberidifolia, in pots, should now be turned out into the open ground. THE MAGAZINE HORTICULTURE JULY, 1843. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Art. I. The London Horticultural Society's Catalogue of Fruits. 3d Edition. With notices of all the 'principal varieties enumerated since the 2d Edition^ and other Re- marks. By the Editor. Grapes. Great progress has been made in determining the syno- nyms of this excellent fruit. In the 1st Edition, one hun- dred and fifty-nine varieties were enumerated ; in the 2d Edition one hundred and eighty-two ; but when the 3d was issued, in December, 1842, the number of varieties then growing in the Society's garden had been reduced to niiiety- nine. The cultivation of the vine under glass in the cli- mate of England, as well as in this country, is the only mode of testing the qualities of the several varieties — as it is quite impossible to ripen more than two or three kinds in the open air. An immense extent of glass would conse- quently be required to test, at once, all the sorts enumerated in the several editions. With what means the Society have had at command they have proved a great number. In the 1st Edition, the greatest number of synonyms under any one variety was six; in the 3d Edition, no less than forty- five are enumerated under the Black Cluster, and thirty-six under the Black Hamburgh. No fruit varies more under different treatment, and in different soils and localities, than the grape when artificially cultivated, and the number of synonyms had become increased to a great extent a few years ago ; but for the labors of the Society, which are VOL, IX. — NO. VII. 31 242 London HorticiUiural ^'ociety's now before us in the 3d Edition, we fear our vineries would contain a goodly number of duplicate sorts. Several sorts iiave not yet been proved ; these are includ- ed ill the catalogMC, but until some definite information conld be given, it was thought best to leave them without any remark until the issue of another edition of the cata- logue. The number of varieties of the grape cultivated in vine- ries in this country is quite limited ; beyond the Black Hamburgh, Frontignan, Muscadine, and four or five others, few varieties are to be found. This, however, should not be; the number of really excellent kinds amounts to more than tiL'cnty-fii'e. and we could wish, if only for the sake of forming a good assortment, that more sorts were cultivated. The grower of grapes for tlie market would of course select a greater portion of the Black Hamburgh: but the amateur, whose purpose is not exclusively profit, should cultivate such an assortment as will give him a variety both in regard to color, flavor and period of maturity. Among the sorts which we would recommend for vine- ries, in addition to those generally grown, are the Black Prince, Black Prolific. Chasselas Musque, Black Frontig- nan, Black Lombardy, b^arly White Malvasia, lilack Mus- cat of Alexandria, Canon Hall Muscat, White Rissling, Pitmaston White Cluster, Petersburgh, Charlesworth To- kay, Black Tripoli, Red Traminer, Verdelho, and Scotch White Cluster; these are all first rate fruits. Aleppo. — bunch, loose; color, white and red; form of berry, round; skin, thin; flavor, sweet; 2d quality; suit- able for a hot-house or vinery. Striped. Synonyms : Raisen d'Alep Raisin Suisse Maurillon panache Striped muscadine Maurillon noir panacht Variegated Chasselas Chasselas panache Switzerland Black Cluster. — This old and well known grape has the following numerous synonyms: Aurernat Pineau Burgundy Franc-Pineau Black Burgundy Morillon Noir Early Black Raisin de Bourgogne Small Black Cluster Auvernas Rouge Black Morillon Vrai Auvernas Auvergne Saumoireau True Burgundy Bon plant Catalogue. Third Ediiion. 243 Genetin de St. Menin Fin Noir de Toulon Talvagnues rouge Ternent Fin plant dore Noirin Pignolet Pignola Nera Klevner Burgunder Schwarzer Rother Rother Burgunder Schwarzer Siissling Siissedex Augustiner Fruhblaue Klebroth Blauer Seeklevner Blauer Rischling Schwarzer Rissling Schwarze Frankische Mohrenkonigin Malterdinger Arbst Bbhmischer Cerna okrugia Ranka Druge Struke Black Jidy^ Early. — [This fine early grape, not cultiva- ted, that we are aware, in this country, has a great num- ber of synonyms. It is extensively grown around Paris, under the name of Madeleine noire. It is the earliest grape, and deserves general cultivation.] Synonyms : Morillon Hatif Madeleine Madeleine Noire Raisin precoce De St. Jean De Juillet Schr Fruher Schwarzer Bur- gunder Schwarzer Burgunder Fruher Burgunder Schwarzer Frlihzeitiger Burgun- der. August traube Augustiner August clevner Jacobstraube Jacobitraube Friihe Jacobstraube Champagner Friihe s Mohrchen Ranczi Juannens Negres Lujega Luviana Lugiana Veronese Lugliana e Lugliola dei Toscani Black Prince. — bunches, long; color, black ; form, oval ; skin, thick ; flavor, sweet : 1st quality; vinery and wall ; a good bearer, and colors well. [This grape should find a place in every vine'y, large or small. It is earlier than tlie Black Hamburgh, and a first rate fruit.] Synonyms: Sir Abraham Pytches' black Pocock's Damascus Alicant Cambridge Botanic Garden Black Spanish Lombardy (of some) Black Valentia Steward's black Prince Black Portugal Boston Black Lisbon Black Pi'olijic. — bunch, loose ; color, black ; form, round- ish ; skin, thin; flavor, sweet; 1st quality; vinery and wall. Early and prolific. 244 London Horticultural Society^ s Bual, White. — bunch, compact ; color, white ; form, ob- ovate ; skin, thick ; flavor, sweet ; 1st qnahty ; vinery and wall. Burgundy., Miller's. — Additional synonyms : Black Cluster (of Miller) Mullerweib Noirin Pulverulenta Miiller Morone Farinaccio Miillerrebe Chasselas, Knights^ Variegated. — Said to resemble the Aleppo. Chasselas, Red. — bunch, loose ; color, red ; form, round ; skin, thin; flavor, sweet; 2d quality; vinery and wall. Ciotat. — Additional synonyms are : Malmsey Muscadine Spanischer Gutedel Petersillien Traube Peterselyer Szblo Geschlittblattriger Gutedel Corinth., Black. — Additional synonyms : Corinth violette Passeretta Nera Corinth Noir du Moree Corinth, White. — bunch, small; color, white; form, round; skin, thin; flavor, sweet; 2d quality; vinery. Stoneless; and forms one of the kinds of Sultana raisins of commerce. Synonym^s : White Kishmish Passeretta Bianca Stoneless round-berried Passa Cilicia Corinth blanc Popula Cilicia Passe Passulo Chesemino Raisin de Passe Zedig Passerille Rischmisch Aspirant sans pepin Anguur Kismisi Passerina Cornichon blanc. — Several synonyms of this variety have been detected, viz. : White Cucumber grape Carazon de cabrito Pinquant Paul TJva Ciolinna Bee d'Oiseaux Pizutello Bianco Santa Paula Buttuna di Gattu Teta de vaca Kummerling Traube Alicante Preto Weisser Spitzwelscher Doigts de Donzelle Diagalvis, White. — color, white ; form, obovate ; skin, thick ; flavor, sweet ; hot-house. Very late. Ferrar, Large Black. — bunch, large; color, black; form, Catalogue. Third Edition. 245 oval; skin, thick; flavor, sweet; hot-house and vinery. Allied to the Black Morocco. Frontignan, Black. — The following synomjms have been detected since the 2d Edition : Sir William Rowley's black Muscat Rouge (of some) Muscat Noir Ordinaire Muscat Noir de Jura Black Constantia (of some) Schwarzer Muscateller Red Frontignan (id) Schwarzer Weihrauch Boudales des hautes P3rr^n6es Schwarze Schmeckende Frontignan^ Bhie. — bunch, compact; color, purple; forni, roundish ; skin, thick ; flavor, slightly muscat ; 2d quali- ty ; vinery. Synonyms : Violet Frontignan (of some) Black Constantia (id) Frontignan, Grizzly. — This excellent, but very little cultivated grape, has several synonyms, viz. : Red Frontignan (when more Rother Muscpteller (of some) colored) Brauner Muscateller Muscat gris Grauer Muscateller Muscat rouge Rother Schmeckende Morcado Rosso Rother Weihrauch Moscatel Menudo Grizeline Kummel Traube Red Constantia Gros Rouge de Provence. — bunch, loose ; color, black ; form, roundish oval ; skin, thick ; flavor, sweet ; 2d quali- ty ; hot-house and vinery. Hangs late. Hamburgh, Black. — bunch, large ; color, black ; form, roundish; skin, thick; flavor, sweet; 1st quality; hot- house and vinery. AVell known to be, as it deserves, the most commonly cultivated for a general crop. [This old and extensively cultivated variety, in the pres- ent catalogue has a large number of synonyms. In the 2d Edition of 1831 not a single one was enumerated ; even the variety itself was undetermined ; Warner's Black Hamburgh, however, had then been proved, and its quali- ties were given ; the remarks applied to the latter are now transferred to the Black Hamburgh, and Warner's is now a synonym. The dilferent modes of cultivation, the situa- tion and other local causes, often so alter the appearance of a grape, that the least variation has given rise to a new name, and hence so great a number of synonyms, among which are the purple, the brown, and the red Hamburgh, all arising from the greater or less degree of coloring given to the crop by cultivation. Even the Victoria grape, of 246 Loyidon Horticultural Society's which an account was given in our Vol. VIII. p. 423, has proved to be only the Black Hamburgh under a high state of cultivation. The following are the synonyms : Warner's Trollinger Warner's Black Hamburgh Blue Trollinger Purple Hamburgh Pale-wooded Trollinger Red Hamburgh Troller Brown Hamburgh Welscher Dutch Hamburgh Schwarzwelscher Hampton Court Vine Fleish Traube Valentine's Hudler Gibralter Mohrendutte Black Gibralter Malvasier (of some) Black Portugal (of some) Languedoc Black Teneriffe Schwarzer Gutedel (of some) Salisbury Violet Gelbholziger Trollinger A^ictoria Weissholziger Trollinger Admiral Schwarzeblauer Trollinger Frankendale Bocksaugen Frakenlhaler Bommerer Frankenthaler gros noir Lugiana nera Hamburgh, White. — bunch, loose ; color, white ; form, oval; skin, thick; flavor, slight muscat ; 2d quality ; hot- house. Is the Portugal grape of the shops. Synonyms : "White Lisbon White Raisin White Portugal Inistiogue. — bunch, compact; color, white; form, round ; "skin, thin; flavor, sweet; 2d quality; vinery and wall. Lomhardy. — Additional synonym,s : Wantao^e Red Grape of Taurida Lombardy, Black. — [The following sorts have had con- siderable reputation as distinct and superior kinds; they are now, however, included as sytionyms :] West's Saint Peter's Raisin des Carmes Money's West's Saint Peter's Raisin de Cuba Poonah Malvasia, Early -White. — color, white ; form, round ; skin, thin ; flavor, sweet ; 1st quality ; vinery and wall. A good bearer. Synonyms : Grove End Sweet Witer Blanc de Bonneuil White Melier Grbsserer Friiher Malvasier Le Melier Friihtrauben Melier blanc * Friih Leipziger Mornain blanc " Seidentraube Morna Cha,sselas Catalogue. Third Edition. 247 Muscadine, Royal. — [Much confusion has existed in re- gard to this grape. Several of the Chasselas varieties, which were formerly considered distinct, are now united under this. The true Royal Muscadine is a fine grape.] Additional synonyms . Amber Muscadine Pearl (of some) Common Muscadine Amiens Early White Teneriffe Muscat of Alexandria., Black. — bunch, large ; color, black ; fornri, oval ; skin, thick : flavor, muscat ; 1st quality ; hot- house. Synonym : Red Muscat of Alexandria Muscat of Alexandria, White. — Additional synonyms: White Tokay (of some) Zebibo (of Sicily) Lunel Round Muscat of Alexandria White Muscat of Lunel (improperly) Muscat Eschcolota .Muscat, Canon Hall. — bunch, long; color, white; form, oval; skin, thick ; flavor, muscat ; 1st quality; hot-house. Scarcely so high flavored as the Muscat of Alexandria. Nice, White. — bunch, loose ; color, green and white ; form, roundish; skin, thin; flavor, sweet; 2d quality; vinery. Bunches very large, with loose shoulders. RissUng, White. — bunch, compact; color, . white and green; form, round; skin, thin ; flavor, sweet;- 1st quality; wall. A wine grape, much esteemed as such in the Rhine District. Synonyms : Schloss Johannisberg- Grosser Riessling RUdesheimerberg Griiner Reissler Gra;fenberger Rossling _' Rissling Rosslinge'r Petit Rissling Riissel Weisser Rissling Klingelberger Kleiner Rissling Niederlander Risslinger Krauses" Riessling Graschevina Gewiirtz Riessling Diirensteiner Riessler Grlinelbling Sahibee. — bunch, compact; color, yellovvand white; form, oval; skin, thick; flavor, sweet; 2d quality; vinery and hot-house. Appears well adapted for early forcing. Saint Peter's, Black. — Additional sy7iofiym: Oldaker's West's Saint Peter's 248 London Horticultural Society' s Catalogue. Sweet Water, Black. — bunch, compact ; color, black : form, round ; skin, thin ; flavor, sweet ; 2d quality : vinery and wall. Synojiym: Water Zoet noir Sweet Water, White. — Apt to set badly, especially if the vines are old. Synonyms : Sweet Water Stillward's Chasselas pr^coce Dutch Sweetwater Chasselas Royal Water Zoet blanc Traminer, Red. — bunch, compact ; color, reddish ; form, roundish oval; skin, thick; flavor, sweet aromatic; Isl quality; vinery and wall. A much esteemed wine grape. Synonyms : Gris Rogue Rothe Frankische Traube Fromentin Rouge Tokayer Fromenteau Rother Muscateller Rother Trammer Kleinbrauner Dreimanner Saint Clauser Traminer Roth Clauser Rother Klevner Marzimmer Rothklaber Raiifoliza Rothedel Ran Folak Rothfranken Rothe Reifler White Cluster, Scotch. — Additional synonym: Blacksmith's White Cluster Worthy Hall Seedling. — bunch, large ; color, black ; form, oval; skin, thick; flavor, sweet; 2d quality; hot- house. Very late. Besides those which are not designated by numbers, and which have "either proved false, or have been lost, or for some other reason are no longer in the garden," there re- main thirty-five unproved. This number, taken from the aggregate of the list, leaves sixty-four varieties in all that are recommended for cultivation. The following only are designated by an 0, and it will be seen that three of these are American varieties, all of which are denominated bad in the Catalogue. Elsinburgh Pearl Grange's Seedling White Portugal, Amber-colored Greek Syrian, Leweston Hardy Purple, Harrison's Tokay, Catawba Isabella As the season for planting out new beds of strawberries is approaching, we shall notice them in our next number. Pomological Notices. 249 Art. II. Pomological Notices ; or notices respectiiig new and superior fruits worthy of general cultivation. De- scriptions of six varieties of Pears of recent iiitroduction. By the Editor. In several of our preceding volumes we have given out- Hne engravings of different varieties of new pears, and" more particularly in our last volume, (VIII. p. 56,) where we added the engravings of five kinds to Mr. Manning's excellent communication. At p. 132 of the present volume we resumed the subject of presenting our readers with en- gravings of other new sorts of pears, of recent introduction from abroad, or seedlings raised in our own country, and we now give the descriptions, together with the drawings, of six superior varieties. They are each accurately taken from specimen fruits, which were furnished us, principally, by the late Mr. Manning, but in some instances from other amateur cultivators of fruit: and they were all from trees which had been proved. We shall continue to make se- lections from onr portfolio of drawings until we have given engravings of all the varieties which possess interest to the fruit-grower, whether for the purpose of merely clearing up any doubts respecting the nomenclature of a variety, or to convey an idea of its size, form or general appearance. We shall commence our numbers with the article we have already alluded to at p. 132, and continue them as our de- scriptions may appear in the present or succeeding volumes. 7. Dearborn's Seedling. Gen. H. A. S. Dearborn in N E. Farmer, Vol. X. p. 59. The first account we have of this superior pear is to be found in the A^. E. Partner., above referred to, p. 54, where it is named in the report of the fruit committee as having been sent to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society for exhibition. The committee at that time considered it a valuable acquisition, and proj)osed that it should be called the " Dearborn pear." In a subsequent page, (59) will be found a letter from Gen. Dearborn, addressed to Mr. S. Downer, then chairman of the fruit committee, describing, VOL. IX. NO. VII. 32 250 Pomological Notices ; at his request, the pear, accompanying the same, with the history of its origin and an engraving of the fruit. From this letter we copy the following account : '• Some twelve years since, I discovered a young seedling pear tree, in the border of the avenue, which divides my front yard. It came up amidst a cluster of Syringa and Rose bushes, and when it was about five years old, I con- cluded to transfer it to the nursery, as a stock for budding. After removing the earth, for over two feet in depth, it was discovered that there was but a single tap root, which ap- parently extended as much farther at least ; and being ap- prehensive that an attempt to deplant it might occasion such mutilations as to render it doubtful whether it would survive the operation, I directed the earth to be replaced, concluding to let it remain until it bore fruit. The shrubs which surrounded it were removed and the tree grew rapidly ; but as it was inclined to shoot up tall and slim, I headed it down so as to leave it about eight feet high. It is now twenty feet in height and ten inches in diameter. It has never been pruned except by cutting off two small branches which projected into the avenue. It being so little filled with wood, and the form regular, there has been no occasion to attempt improving the appearance or benefitting the tree by pruning. There can be no doubt that the plant sprang from a seed accidentally dropped, as there was no pear tree in the vicinity, or could there have been for many years, if ever, as upwards of twenty years since, when my father pur- chased this seat, there were eighteen Lombard Poplars growing in the front yard, to the exclusion of every other tree. They were at least a foot in diameter, and after being dug up by the roots, the whole area was trenched, manured and planted with ornamental trees, shrubs and flowers. The tree is of vigorous growth, tall for its age and the size of the trunk, branches long, rather slender, extending horizontally to within eighteen inches or two feet of the ends, which are turned upwards perpendicularly. The bark of the annual shoots is brown freckled with small grayish dots, that of the preceding years' growth and of the trunk of a dusky green. The leaves are ovate, short, rounded at the base and pointed at the other extremity, finely serrated, smooth. Or, Descriptions of New Fruits. 251 borders undulate, bright green, paler beneath, nerves con- spicuous." This communication was dated Sept. 1831 ; the tree first fruited in 1830, when it bore one pear ; in 1831 it produced thirty-five. Our description of this variety {Jig. 14,) is as follows : iSize, medium, two inches long, and two inches in diame- ter : Form, nearly round, inclining to oblong, full and rounded at the blossom end, tapering gradually to the stem: Skin, fair, smooth, thin, pale green, becoming of a beauti- Dearbam's Seedling Pear. ful lemon yellow when mature, and sprinkled with minute russetty specks, having around the base of the stem a circle of light cinnamon russett : Ste?n, long, one inch and a quar- ter, smooth, curved, pale brown, and inserted in a small cavity: Eye, rather small, closed, and slightly depressed: Flesh, white, fine, very melting and juicy : Flavor, rich, and highly perfumed. Ripe in August and September. It is decidedly one of the finest summer pears, comparing with that famed and truly delicious fruit the old St. Mi- chael or Doyenne blanc. 252 Pomological Notices : Bloodgood &. Co. in Mag. of 8. Columbia Virgoulouse HorL, Yol. II. p. 37. Columbia, Kenrick's Am. Orchardist. This pear {Jig. 15.) was first introduced to notice about ten years since. In December, 1835, Messrs. Bloodgood & Columbia Virgoulouse Pear. Co. of the Bloodgood nursery, Flushing, L. I., sent speci- mens of the pear to the Massachusetts Horticultural Socie- ty, for the inspection of the members, and accompanying Or^ Descriptions of New Fruits. 253 the fruit the following note, as given in our pages at that time, (Vol. II. p. 37,) but which we republish here : " They are a pear which has lately been introduced to notice, and these sent are very much below their usual size. The original tree is a seedling, about fifteen inches in diameter. It is on a farm belonging to Mr. Casser, in West Chester County, thirteen miles lYom the city of New York. We saw the tree yesterday, and also a graft from the same four inches in diameter, which produced four bushels of pears this year, (1835.) These were sold in New York market for six dollars per bushel." Mr. Wilder, now President of the Society, at that time, or shortly after, procured a good sized tree, and he has during the last three years exhibited fine specimens of the fruit, from one of which our drawing was made, in the fall of 1842. Size, large, three and a half inches long, and two and one half in diameter : Form, oblong, large at the blossom end, broadest in the middle, and tapering somewhat to the stem, though quite full : Skin., smooth, fair, light green when gathered, but changing to a pale yellow when fully ripe, and the surface occasionally touched with small patches of russett : Stem, long, one and a quarter inches, slender, curved, pale brown, inserted on the side of a slight protuberance: Eye, medium size, open, and slightly sunk : Flesh, white, fine, juicy and melting : Flavor, rich and sweet, with a pleasant, though not high, perfume. Ripe in November and December. It comes into eating just before the Glout Morceau, Passe Colmar and Beurre d'Aremberg, and from its great beauty, large size, and other qualities, is a variety deserving exten- sive cultivation. The tree is a great and constant bearer. 9. King Edward's. London Horticultural Society's Cata- logue, 3d Edition. Jackman's Melting. Manning's Booh of Fruits. At page 127, in reviewing the list of pears in the 3d Edi- tion of the London Horticultural Society's Catalogue, we gave an account of this variety, as it had been proved un- der the eye of Mr. Thompson, in the London Horticultural Society's Garden at Chiswick, and remarked that we had a drawing of the fruit from a fine specimen furnished us 254 Pomological Notices : by the late Mr. Manning, who first fruited it in 1837, and described it in his Boo/: of Fruits, p. 72, under the syno- nym above given. We below present the engraving to our readers, {Jig. 16.) Kinsr Edward's Pear. Mr. Manning, since the publication of his work on fruits in 1838, at which time he stated that the name was un- doubtedly erroneous, has detected the true name of this va- riety, and for the last three years has exhibited fine speci- mens of the fruit before the Massachusetts Horticultural Or, Descriptions of New Fruits. 255 Society as the King Edward's of the London Horticultu- ral Society. Mr. Manning received his tree from Messrs. Young, of the Epsom nursery, and the variety is found in several catalogues of the English nurserymen, under the name which he received it, viz. — Jackman's Melting. Its origin is unknown. On reference to Mr. Manning's description, we find that he does not give it so high a rank as Mr. Thompson. Mr. Manning's remarks are, that " the flesh is jnicy and good, but not rich." In the 3d Edition of the London Horticul- tural Society's Catalogue^ quoted at p. 127, it is set down as '■'•first s\ze, first quality." It is remarkable for its beau- ty, and, with Mr. Manning, promised to " bear well." Our description is as follows : Size., large, four inches long, and two and three quarters ni diameter: Form, pyramidal or pyriform, largest below the middle, from whence it suddenly diminishes and tapers towards the stem : Skin, green and yellow, more or less covered with bright red all over, with occasional hard patches of rnssett ; it also has a russett circle around the eye, the russett gradually diminishing by small dots : Stem, short, three quarters of an inch, greenish brown, shrivelled, seeming a contitiuation of the fruit, to which it is united by a fleshy junction : Eye, large and full, with a projecting calyx: Flesh, yellow, buttery and melting: Flavor, good, with a slight perfume. Ripe in September and October. This variety seems to be one of those uncertain fruits, which, like the Vicar of Winkfield, vary greatly according to the season, locality, &c. 10. Althorp Crassane. Mr. Knight. London Horticul- tural Society's Catalogue, 3d Edition. This fine pear is one of the several seedling productions of the late T. A. Knight, Esq., President of the London Horticultural Society. The late Hon. John Lowell, for many years previous to his death, kept a correspondence with Mr. Knight, and received from him many valuable donations of fruits, particularly of his own seedling pro- ductions, some of which he sent scions to Mr. Lowell, be- fore they had been extended beyond his own collection in England. It was in the year 1832, that he first sent scions of the Althorp Crassane to Mr Lowell, and in his letter of 256 Pomological Notices that date, he remarks, that " this variety is very excellent and rose flavored. This and the Monarch will not be equalled by any other variety in your climate ; both grow and bear abundantly." It seems, however, from some cause, that Mr. Lowell never ripened the Ahhorp Crassane. Mr. Manning was the first to exhibit this variety; we believe for the first time in the fall of 1841, and our draw- ing {Jig. 17,) is from one of the specimens kindly present- Althorp Crassane Pear. ed to us at that time. It is fully equal, in our judgment, to the character given to it by Mr. Knight. Mr. Thomp- son has recommended it (Vol. VI. p. 46,) to take the place of the Beurre Diel, where the latter does not thrive, and Mr. Rivers also states that it approaches the Winter Nelis in excellence. Size, medium, two and three quarter inches long, and two and a half inches in diameter: Form, roundish, shght- ly obovate, largest above the middle, and tapering more towards the eye than the stem : Skin, pale yellowish green, slightly wrinkled, with a few very minute russetiy specks, Or, Descriptions of Nero Frniis. 257 and a faint touch of red on the sunny side : Siem, rather long, one inch, quite slender, pale green and brown, fur- rowed : Ei/e, medium size, slightly sunk in a furrowed caviiy : Flesh, white, fine, melting and juicy : Flavor, ex- cellent, with a rich and delicious perfume. Ripe in Octo- ber and November. It is a superior variety. 11. Beurre' d'Aremberg, London Horticultural Society's Catalogue, 1st, 2d and 3d Editions. Due d'Aremberg. London Hort. Soc. Catalogue. Deschamps, Id. L'Orpoline, Id. Beurr6 des Orphelines. Deschamps. Beurr6 Deschamps. Van Mons. Beurre d'Hardenpont, {of some.) The best account which we have of this noble variety is that translated by Gen. Dearborn, from the Annals of the Horticultural Society of Paris, in the N. E. Farmer, Vol. IX. p. 169. In the communication, in the Annals, it is stated tliat the Beurre d'Aremberg was raised about thirty years since, at Engheim, by the Abbe Deschamps, in the garden of the Hospice des Orphelines, in that city. Deschamps called it after the place, Beurre des Orphelines. M. Van Mons soon after called it the Beurre Deschamps, in honor of its discoverer; others called it the Beurre d'Hardenpont, and finally the name of Beurre d'Aremberg was given to it, by mistake, but the latter becoming most general, it has been retained. The Beurre d'Aremberg is accurately figured in the Pomological Magazine, pi. 83. The descriptive account states that " it was introduced from Flanders about eight or nine years ago, (previous to 1832,) along with a variety called the Glout Morceau, of rather inferior quality, but of great excellence, which is now (1832,) often sold in the nurseries for this." In the Horticultural Transactions, Vol V. p. 406, is a full account of this variety, in which it is highly spoken of, and even stated as deserving " to be placed at the head of all the pears in cultivation," a place which we believe it will maintain to this day, although great numbers of new varieties have been introduced to notice since that remark was made. Mr. Knight sent this variety to Mr. Lowell as early as 1822, and by the latter VOL. IX. — NO. vn. 33 25S PoJiiological Notices ; gentleman it was liberally distributed among cultivators of fruits. It is 2i first rate variety, a great bearer, and keeps till February. The several descriptions of this pear, {fig. IS.) which have been given by American writers, have all Bear re d'Arcmberg Pear. been copied from English publications, except Mr. Man- ning's. Ours is as follows, from a superior specimen given us by Mr. Wilder, President of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society, last December. >S'ise, medium, three inches long, and two and a half in diameter : Form., obovate, full at the base, largest below the middle, from whence it tapers rather abruptly towards the stem, which it adjoins by a fleshy union : Slcin^ uneven, thick, pale yellow when in eating, very thickly covered with light russet, particularly around the eye ; the whole very regularly interspersed Mnth black dots : Eye, rather Or, Descriptions of Nev) Plants. 259 small, contracted, and deeply sunk in a roundish cavity : Stem^ short, three quarters of an inch, very thick and fleshy, greenish brown, set upon the surface : Fleshy white, somewhat coarse, but very melting, buttery and juicy : Plavoi', rich, sweet, perfumed and delicious : Seeds, large, light brown : Coj'e, large. Ripe in December, and keeps till March. It flourishes well either grafted on the pear or quince stock, and succeeds in any good situation. 12. Glout Morceau. London Horticultural Society's Cat- alogue, 1st, 2d and 3d Editions. Beurre d'Hardenpont, Hardenpont d'Hiver, Colmar d'Hiver, Beurre d'Hiver Nouvelle, Beurre d'Aremberg, (of some,) Got Luc de Cambron, ^ London Hort. Soc. Cat. Kronprinz Ferdinand, [ 3d Edition. Beurre de Cambron, Kronprinz Ferdinand VonOestreich, Linden d'Automne, Roi de Wurtemberg. The Glout Morceau was first introduced to England by M. Parmentier, of Engheim, who sent it, together with the Beurre d'Aremberg, to the London Horticultural Society in November, 1820. Its first introduction to this country was in 1832, through Mr. Lowell and the Massachusetts Agri- cultural Society, who received scions from Mr. Knight, which were liberally distributed among various cultivators. Mr. Manning subsequently received scions from Mr. Thomp- son, and he fruited and exhibited specimens before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society for several years. Mr. Manning mentions it in our Vol. III. p. 45, where he states, that " after the experience of several years I do not con- sider it a first rate fruit." But in his Book of Fruits, pub- lished in 1838, he calls it " excellent." Mr. Knight in his letter to Mr. Lowell, (iV. E. Farmer, Vol. X. p. 321,) speaks of it as a " large Belgic variety of great excellence." The specimen from which our drawing was made, {fg. 18, p. 260.) was presented to us by Col. Wilder, and the description is as follows : Size, large, three inches long, and two and a half in di- ameter : Form, slightly oblong, large and full at the base, 260 Pomoloiiical Notices suddenly diminishing near the stem : Skin, rough and thick, pale greenish yellow when at maturity, with a faint tinge of red on the sunny side ; a few patches of russet interspersed here and there, and the whole surface covered Avith dark greenish and russetty dots, with russet around the stem : Stem, short, one inch, very thick, measuring nearly half an inch in circumference at its insertion, when taken from the tree ; round, smooth, pale russetly brown, Glout Morceau Pear. inserted obliquely in a small cavity : Eye, medium size, contracted, and deeply sunk : Flesh, white, fine, very juicy and melting : Flavor, rich, slightly astringent, perfumed: Core, large : Seeds, large. Ripe in November and Decem- ber, but often keeping till February. Oi\ Descriptions of Neiv Plants. 261 The Glout Morceau is cultivated by many oT the French nurserymen under the name of the Beurre d'Aremberg, and much confusion has been occasioned by this error ; trees imported for the true d'Aremberg have proved to be the Glout Morceau. Besides, the form of the pear, which is somewhat ditferent, as may be seen by comparing the two engravings, Mr. Thompson remarks, that the d'Arem- berg " has leaves more deeply serrated" than the Glout Morceau. Mr. Manning states that the growth of the tree is crooked and bending, and that it produces well. Though not quite equal to the Beurre d'Aremberg, it is a large and excellent fruit, deserving a place in every good collection. Art. III. DescHptio?is of three new Seedling Camellias ; and a Note on the Camellia Old Virginia. By Dr. J. S. GuNNELL, Washington, D. C. During the winter of 1841 and 1842, I bloomed from twelve to fifteen seedling Camellias, but only two or three of them appeared to be deserving of cultivation ; one of them which bloomed fine, I will now describe. C. japonica var. Patrick Henry. — A seedling of the C. var. splendens; of free growth, foliage like the old double white ; bud round, calyx short, the flower of a deep cherry red color, with twenty-five large round edged petals, and one hundred and sixty-eight smaller ones, filling up the centre, and forming a ranunculus shaped flower ; neither anthers nor style. A superb variety. During the season of 1842 and 1843, just passed, I had upwards of thirty seedling plants which came into bloom ; these were all raised from good varieties, and about one third of them are double and appear to be worth preserv- ing ; of the latter number, two, which flowered particularly fine, are described as follow : — C. j. var. Thomas Jefferson. — Of erect and vigorous growth, the foliage about as broad and a little larger than the old variegata ; the bud is oval, calyx green and short ; petals round or rose edged, as numerous and larger than the C. var. Fordii, beautifully imbricated, and double to the centre ; the color is a crimson approaching to scarlet, with 262 General Notices. a few of the centre petals of a lovely pink shade. This is one of the most magnificent CamelUas. C.j. var. Gen. George Washington. — A thrifty growing plant, with foliage about the size of varieguta, but rather flatter; bud oval, calyx green; flower of a light cherry red or deep rose color, with a small white stripe running through a few of the petals, very symmetrically formed, beautifully imbricated, and as double to the centre as the old double white. It is a magnificent variety. C. var. Old Virginia bloomed very profusely last winter, and the flowers were generally of a deep pink or rose color, and mostly without the white stripes in the centre of the petals, as heretofore described in your Magazine, (Vol. V. p. 210.) It is double to the centre, like the old double white, with rose edged petals, and it will rank as one of the very finest sorts. Respectfully yours, J. S. GUNNELL. Washington. D. C, June, 1843. [Dr. Gunnell has placed several plants of his two seedlings, Old Vir- ginia and Mrs. Gunnell, described in our previous Volumes, in the hands of Messrs. Ritchie and Dick, of Philadelphia, for sale, and they may be purchased of them at the usual prices for new kinds. — Ed.] MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Art. I. General Notices. Experiments with Nitrate of Soda. — The following are the results of a few carefully conducted experiments with Nitrate of Soda : On Keen's seedling strawberries, sown in the spring, the effects were not visible ; carrots sown in the spring, large increase in size ; sea kale, great increase in size, and promise of bud for this year's cutting ; cut on Christmas day. Brassicas, of all kinds, deep luxuriant color and vigorous growth ; aspar- agus produced the most extraordinary efiects, as compared with other things; I cut fifty stalks, which weighed nearly four ounces each, and took the first prize at a local .show ; the tops were of a very dark green, and kept growing into the autumn. Onions, in 1841, kept growing too late ; they were large but did not harvest ; in 1842, there was no percep- tible difference. Conifera> increased deep green and vigorous growth. Turnips, sown with the seed, which come up with unusual rapidity, and continued to grow until they had arrived at maturity ; they were tender, juicy, and mild in flavor, with a perceptible improvement in the following General Notices. 263 crops. The soil is a remarkably friable sandy loam, on a substratum of loamy brick earth, much spotted with gravel, having a tendency to burn in dry summers. The quantity of nitrate used, was at the rate of \h lb. to the rod. In the case of the asparagus, the whole of the land was measured, and no nitrate was put in the alleys. In every instance except the turnips, when it was harrowed in with the seed, it was applied when the plants were in a growing state, being strewed on the ground and allowed to be washed. It appears to me, that whenever discrepancies arise as to its action, it must either be attributable to the sort of plants to which it is appHed, or to the time and mode of using it. I, of course, mean on the same sorts. — {Gard. Chronicle, 1843, p. 22.) Treatment of Russilia, juncea. — Four or live years ago, splendid speci- mens of this plant were exhibited at the shows at Chisvvick, but they have since fallen off. I treat exactly like the vine, pruned on the spur system. I rest it for three or four months in winter, in a cool vinery, where the frost is excluded. If I wanted it to be in flower in May, I should prune it in January, by cutting out the whole of the drooping slen- der shoots, made last year, to tlie last eye next the principal shoots ; and I would cut off two thirds of the last groicth of the principal shoots. I would remove it to the peach house, or any place kept at 50 degrees, till it began to grow, when I would shake off all the mould from its roots, and repot it in as small a pot as I could get the roots into without crowd- ing them, using rich turfy soil. It should then have more heat, and by the time all the eyes pu.shed a few inches, it would require as much heat as any of the stoves could afford. Never allow rampant suckers to arise from the bottom, unless wanted for principal main shoots. By this treat- ment they do beautifully for three or four months, in the conservatory, when in flower. — {Id. p. 40.) Cultivation of Roses in Pots. — The Horticultural Society of London have determined upon a prize for roses in pots, in place of cut flowers, and this decision has excited a good deal of interest among cultivators of the rose, some doubting the possibility of doing so with success, and oth- ers saying it cflnV be done. It seems, however, that the plan is generally considered a good one, and that it will tend to bring the rose into as gen- eral cultivation as the pelargonium, to which it will form a formidable rival. There are, it is true, some difficulties in the way of complete suc- cess, but then these may be all overcome after a few experiments, and success will be sure to follow. The editor of the Gard. Chronicle, in an article upon this subject, introduces a communication on the culture of the rose, from Mr. R. Read, formerly a gardener in Philadelphia, detailing the mode in which roses are cultivated by the florists of that city ; as the re- marks appear to be valuable, we copy them here : The Boursault Rose, being for pot culture superior as a stock to any other kind, should be planted in good rich soil, in a sheltered situation ; and, if cut down to form stools for the purpose of producing layers, it will in the second year be strong enough to produce abundance of fine shoots, the earliest of which will make such rapid growth that they may be layered the same season. If this operation is carefully performed, and if the end of the layer is tied up neatly to a stick, it will in a few weeks be sufficiently high to allow one bud to be inserted in the stem. It is a safe plan to cut the tongue on the upper side of the layer, whereby all danger of breaking the shoot is prevented. It is, however, advisable to 264 General Notices. insert a piece of clay, or a small stone, in the opcnintT, to prevent, t from adhering before the roots are formed. About the end of October, these early layers will have made sufficient roots to admit of their being taken up and potted ; and it will thus be seen how quickly a fine and vigorous collection of roses may be propa- gated. The reason why only one bud should be inserted upon each stock is ob- vious ; the latter, when lieaded down, furnishes its whole strength to the bud, which soon forms as fine a head as a maiden peach, and a much more handsome plant than if the supply had been divided between several buds. All the unbudded shoots which remain upon the stools, can be layered in the following spring, and may be budded in the course of the summer. By the adoption of this plan, a whole year is saved ; instead of a crop of layers to be taken off for planting out in nursery rows, to be budded in the succeeding summer, here is a crop of fine young plants ready for being potted the same seasoji. Many sorts, such as Bourbon, Noisette, China and Tea Scented Roses, will, if well managed through the winter, flower l)eautifully during the following spring and summer. In this manner, plants of much greater strength can be raised, and in a much shorter time, than from cuttings. For the amateur, they will make excellent window plants, and to the gardener they will be invaluable for the green- liouse and conservatory during winter and spring, and for planting out during summer in the flower-garden, from whence after blooming through- out the autumn, they must be again taken up and repotted for spring flowering. There is little doubt but that the market florist would find a ready sale for well grown roses in pots, as the taste for them is common among all classes ; and a long bed planted and shaded after the manner of tulips, would be a beautiful sight for summer visitors. — {Gard. Chron- icle, 1842, p. 51.) [Now is just tlie season for making layers of the Boursault rose ; if done any time, the early part of this month ; the lay- ers may be budded in August or September, and they will make fine plants for flowering next spring. We advise all who wish for fine plants, and have good stools of the Boursault, to try the experiment. — FA.'\ Charcoal. — During the past year, various experiments have been in progress to ascertain what effects would be produced upon plants by pot- ting, or striking them, from cuttings, in charcoal; or by mixing it in va- rious proportions in the soil in which they are to be grown. From what has been published in Liebig's Organic Chemistry, and elsewhere, I had been led to expect some very decided results ; but after varying the ex- periments in many different ways, nothing has happened which proves charcoal to be useful as a chemical agent in the growth of plants. When pounded and used by itself, it is very apt to get too dry, and then runs together and sets very hard. Some orchidaceous plants, gloxinias and Cacti were potted in it, but they did not succeed, evidently from causes above mentioned. When mixed with soil in the proportion of two thirds of charcoal to one third of soil, and also in smaller quantities, such plants as oranges, Ipomsa scabra, gesneras and Cacti, grew very well in the mixture, but not better than others which were treated in the common way. Cuttings of the common Caper, Ficus elastica, Eu^Awrhia Jacqui- nafiora, Ipomae«, and various other kinds, were planted both in pounded charcoal and in different proportions mixed with sand ; but the results General Notices. 265 were not more favorable to the charcoal than to the common sand usually employed for that purpose. The caper rooted freely in both ways, but the others did best in the sand. Many cuttings, when planted in pine charcoal, or even when that formed a principal part of the mixture, threw o3" their leaves in a shuit time and rotted at the base. From what has come under my observation during these experiments, I would not recom- mend this substance to be used by itself for the growth of plants or for striking cuttings ; and if it does produce any good chemical effects when mixed with the soil, these will probably depend in a great degree upon the constitution of the soil, in the same way as lime and chalk are only good manures for certain lands. But it is very possible that these effects are only mechanical, tending to keep the ground open in the manner which renders ashes so very beneficial to stiff soils. — (JR. Fortune in Pro- ceedings of the London Horticultural Society, No. 17.) [We believe Mr. Fortune to have given a correct opinion in relation to the use of charcoal. It may benefit some soils, but for the ordinary purposes of greenhouse culture it has less effect than good prepared soils, such as are generally made use of. — Ed.'\ Treatment of Cacti. — The chief point in the managing these plants is to allow them an alternate period of growth and rest. They should be grown in a mixture of lime-rubbish and loam, with a little cow dung, and in well drained pots. In summer they should be fully exposed to the sun, and well watered : but from October to March they should be kept perfectly dry.— ( Garo^. Chronicle, 1843, p. 105.) Growing Gooseberrry or Currant Bushes without Suckers. — The reason why a currant or gooseberry bush throws up suckers, is that the cutting, which now forms the bush, has been made either with a heel to it, or cut so close to the mother branch as to carry with it part of the latent buds generally formed there. To prevent this, the propagator cuts off the lower portion of the shoot as far as he sees traces of these latent buds ; he also cuts off the top part of the shoot, if too weak for his purpose, and then he disbuds the middle portion, leaving only three or four buds near the top to form the future head. No kind of cutting, not even the lilac, thus made, ever throws out suckers above the collar of the plant, that is, above the root. This is a simple fact, well known to cultivators, but the extent of its application has not yet been fully appreciated, and I am not aware that the principle involved in it has been explained by any one. A wider application of it, however, is all I have in view at pres- ent, now that we are entering on the great business of propagation, &c. {Id. p. 104.) Nitrate of Soda on Strawberries. — The proportion in which nitrate of soda has been successfully applied to strawberries, is 3 oz. to the square yard, sprinkled regularly over the surface of the bed just as the plants are beginning to grow. Although it may injure the foremost leaves, the suc- ceeding one will soon put forth with redoubled vigor. — {Id. p. 121.) Grafting Camellias. — The operation is simple, and may be thus per- formed: fix on a smooth part of the stock, near the surface of the pot, and make a downward slanting cut, an inch and a half long, and from the sixteenth to a quarter of an inch in depth at the bottom, according to the size of the stock ; then make a cross-cut at the bottom which will leave a notch on the stock ; cut the graft to correspond, resting the bottom of it on the notch ; tie it in the usual way, and lay down the pot horizontally, VOL. IX. NO. VII. 34 266 General Notices. taking care to keep the graft side uppermost, in order that the ascending sap mav flow into it, instead of forcing the latent huds into shoots. It is also necessary to prepare the graft so as to have the hack of the leaves towards the stock, in order that they may be kept in their natural position when the stock is laid down horizontally. This method will succeed with or without claying, if the stocks are placed in a close, moist hot-bed, or under a hand-glass. Perhaps it may be as well to caution amateurs not to lay down their grafted plants unless they are grafted quite low ; if the grafts are placed more than six inches above the pol, to lay them horizon- tally would impede the union. — {Gard. Chroniclr, 18-13, p. 17().) Suhstitvte for Glazed Frames in Hot-beds. — In tlie Bhcmlandtsche Gar- teuzeitvng, a substitute for the glazed frames of hot-beds and greenhouses is described. Instead of glass, the frames are covered with a fine white cotton cloth. In order to render this more transparent, and enable it to resist moisture, it is covered with a preparation, the ingredients of which are 4 oz. of pulverized dry white cheese, 2 oz. of white slack lime, and 4 oz. of boiled linseed oil. These three ingredients having been mixed with each other, 4 oz. of the whites of eggs, and as much of the yolk, are ad- ded, and the mixture is then made liquid by heating. The oil combines easily with the other ingredients, and the varnish remains pliable and quite transparent. The expense of a forcing bed arranged in this man- ner is inconsiderable, and it yields at the same time many other advan- tages. Such a hot-bed needs not the anxious attention required by the ordinary ones covered with glazed frames. During the strongest rays of the mid-day sun, they do not require any particular covering or shade; the atmosphere therein preserves a nearly equable temperature almost the whole day, and requires only to be changed from time to time, accord- ing to circumstances. — {Id. 1843, p. 55.) Ch-owing Chrysanthemums from Layers. — A good plan to make small and pretty plants of the Chrysanthemum is as follows : The young shoots which have grown to a considerable length have their points lay- ered about the month of August, in small pots. As soon as they are well rooted they are cut from the parent stock, repotted, and placed for a short time in a shaded jjlace until they recover. They are then subjected to the same treatment as the others, and generally flower on stems about a foot or eighteen inches in height. The best soil is equal parts of loam, dung, leaf-mould and sand. There is one error in the cultivation of Chrysanthemums, into which the inexperienced amateur is apt to be led, and that is, neglecting or pay- ing but little attention to his plants after the flowering season is past. They are either allowed to remain in a warm greenhouse, and forced into growth, or they are thrown aside and neglected until late in the summer, when he recollects that they are wanted for winter flowering. I^ike the greater part of herbaceous things of this description, they are tenacious of life and easily grown ; but if they are to be cultivated well, a regular system of management is necessary. After the flowering season is past, and the old stems cut down, the plants should be removed from the green- house or conservatory, and placed in a cold frame, where they are merely protected from severe frost. Here they should have plenty of air, and in five days the lights should be drawn quite oft", and the plants fully ex- posed. If they are kept too close and warm in winter, they begin to grow fast, the leaves are yellow, and the stems weak, and, consequently. Domestic Notices. 267 they form bad cuttings (or suckers) when the season of propagation comes round. But if they are merely protected, and attended to as already described, they grow slowly and make excellent cuttings. — ( Gard. Chronick, 1843, p. 229.) Trealment of Achimenes longiflbra. — It does not start as early as the old A coccinea, and it delights in a very coarse leaf mould, containing large fragments of leaves. It should have a large and broad-mouthed pot, drained by inserting another within it, and plenty of crocks around ; very sandy leaf mould over the crocks, and coarser, with less sand above. The bulbs should be planted fully an inch deep. — {Id. 1843, p. 174.) Guano. — The superintendent of the hardy department in the London Horticultural Society's garden, reported that he had tried several experi- ments with guano upon plants in pots. In loam, containing one fiftieth part of guano, verbenas and salvias become luxuriant in about the same degree as if potted in rotten dung. The same plants also flourished ex- ceedingly in sand containing a similar portion of guano. The same effect, or even a more beneficial action, was produced upon them when peat was substituted for sand. But when rich garden soil was employed with the same proportion of guano, the plants became languid and died. It was therefore inferred, that the value of guano, as a manure, will de- pend upon the soil with which it is employed, and that a quantity which would be highly beneficial in poor soil, will become deleterious upon land previously rich and well manured. — {Proceedings of Horticullural Socie- ty, No. 17.) Salt as a Manure. — I can bear testimony to the beneficial effects of salt as a manure, when judiciously employed. My garden, when I came to it, was so infested with slugs, as to render it almost impossible to pre- serve a vegetable from their ravages, more especially from those of a large species, half as large as a man's thumb, provincially termed the herring-back slug. By the advice of a neighbor, I procured a quantity of salt, which I kept in a dry shed ; and when a quarter of land was cleared of its crop, I sprinkled it all over with salt, and allowed it to re- main for a day or two before it was dug in. I likewise, on moist eve- nings, when the slugs were most active, went carefully over the garden and gave it a slight sprinkling with salt, even amongst the growing crop. This effectually destroyed those pests without injuring the vegetables, and my garden is now comparatively free from them. The salt I use is a coarse salt. — {Gardener''s Chronicle, 1843, p. 54.) Art. II. Domestic Notices. Prince Albert Peas. — At p. 98, we noticed this new variety of the pea under our head of new vegetables. It was there stated that peas were picked sufficiently large for the table in 42 days from the sowing of the seed. We procured a quart of this new variety, and have tried it, and find it to be the earliest pea known. A quantity sown the 22d of April, 268 Domestic Notices. were fit to pick the 23d of June, about 60 days ; it will be recollected, however, that severe frosts occurred, and great quantities of rain fell ; another lot put into the ground on the 23d of May, were fit to gather on the 6th of July, jusi forty-four days. It is also an abundant bearer and a large pea. Having tested the comparative earliness of all the sorts of peas usually cultivated, we intend to give our readers an article on the subject in our August or September number. — Ed. Tecoma psminoldex. — This exquisite climbing plant, which has flow- ered only once or twice in the country, is now blooming in great elegance at our new consei'vatory in Cambridge ; about a dozen racemes of flowers will expand in the course of the month, each numbering from 12 to 20 blossoms. It is a valuable acquisition. — Id. Achimenes lon^iflbra has flowered in two or three collections of plants in Cincinnati, We observe, at a late exhibition, that it was exhibited in great beauty by Mr. Jackson, and deservedly attracted attention. We are not aware that it has yet flowered in any of the Atlantic cities, unless, perhaps, with Mr. Buist, of Philadelphia. Plants of it are in the Public Garden, in Boston, but they have not yet flowered. — Id. Fiichs'ia Venus Victrix. — This new and elegant variety of the fuchsia was exhibited at the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, by Mr. Quant, gardener to Col. Perkins. We also saw it in flower at the Public Garden, and in the conservatory of Mr. Gushing. It is a pleasing variety, and forms an agreeable contrast with the dark colored kinds. The sepals or outer leaves are white, and the petals violet. The growth of the plant appears rather slender, but by proper cultivation it may be grown to a good size. Mr. Quant also exhibited fine plants of conspicua arborea, tricolor and elegans. — Id. Brachycome iberidifblia. — This elegant new annual is now blooming beautifully at our conservatory. The plants are about eighteen inches high, and are covered with hundreds of its pretty flowers, varying in color from pale to deep blue. We find the plant rather delicate in its manage- ment ; like the Schizanthus, it is apt to damp off at the root. It will undoubtedly succeed better to flower in pots in the greenhouse in winter, than during the summer. In the open ground, however, in a dry situa- tion, it would flourish well. It likes a soil composed of heath mould and sand, with the pots well drained, and the plants should be very carefully watered. From July to the middle of August is the best time for sowing the seeds to raise plants for flowering in the gieenhouse in the winter. — Ed. Hoveifs Seedling Strawberry. — We observe by the reports of the exhi- bitions of the Cincinnati Horticultural Society, which appear in the Cin- cinnati daily papers, that Messrs. Jackson and Mottier exhibited superior specimens of our seedling strawberry, each competing for the Society's premium. Some of the berries measured four inches in circumference ; considering it is only three years, the coming August, since the plants were first sold out, the Cincinnati cultivators must have taken particu- lar pains to obtain so fine fruit. When under good cultivation many of the hemes attain the size of 5 or 6 inches in circumference. — Ed. Retrospective Criticism. 269 Art. III. Retrospective Criticism. Errata. — In our February number, p. 116, fifteen lines from the top, for " taste," read " table." In the May number, p. 162, fifteen lines from the bottom, for " Frotheringham," read " Fotheringham," and at p. 164, first line, the same error occurs. In the June number, p. 204, fifteen lines from the bottom, for " Du Dord," read " Du Nord." Remarks on the Pear called Poire de Monsieur le Cxiri , Poire Monsieur , Du- mas, Belle de Berri, Le Cure, or Clion, Curi. of Clion, Pater Notte, or, by some of the English, Vicar of Winkfield. — In your Magazine of Horticulture for April, you have republished several valuable descriptions of fruits from the 3d and new edition of the London Horticultural Society's Catalogue of Fruits, which was published in London last winter. This valuable work being the production of Mr. Thompson, who for so many years has been the chief superintendent of the numerous specimen fruit trees, the collections from all countries, which have been cultivated and proved in that garden. In that number, in that connection, and from that source, at page 129, you have described a new French pear, under the English name of " Vicar of Winkfield,^' after which you have added, as synonyms, " Monsieur le Cur6, Dumas, Clion, and the Bourgmestre of many culti- vators around Boston, as described by Mr. Manning, in his Book of Fruits, No. 67, at p. 90 ;" to all which you have appended the following remark- able words : "after much confusion in regard to this variety, the true name has been at last discovered, and the synonyms detected." It is true Mr. Thompson has described this fruit under the name " Vicar of Winkfield," this being the name under which undoubtedly he had received the fruit from some Englishman or English nurseryman. To this he has added, as synonyms, Dumas, Monsieur le Cure, these, and these only, as I believe ; these being names under which he had undoubt- edly received and also identified the fruit from other sources. But we have no evidence for supposing, from this circumstance, that he consid- ered Vicar of Winkfield as the suitable or proper name. I have evidence to the contrary, and in proof that he did not so consider it, I will instance a parrallel case, where, in your Magazine for May, you have extracted from Mr. Thompson, and this same source, the name and description of another fruit, of a plum, there called " Coe's Fine Late Rcd.^'' To this name he has in like manner appended the synonyms (as discovered by himself,) of Saint Martin, Saint Martin Rouge. Yet a little more than two years since, when in person I first saw him, amongst other questions, I put the question to him, direct, in regard to this last named fruit, he replied that Saint Martin, or Saint Martin Rouge, toas the only -proper name, or words to that effect. I was aware at the time, that he had previously pub- lished the same in Loudon's Magazine. In this case it will be perceived that the proper name was to be found only in the synonyms. In my new De- scriptive Catalogue, and also in the two last editions of the New Ameri- can Orchardist, I have called the name of this fruit " Clion," or rather as I should call it, " Cure of Clion.'' On high authority I have so called this new and remarkable fruit, to designate the name and place of its ori- gin, which was in the woods of Clion, in Central France, and where the original tree now stands, or where it lately stood by last accounts. In what other English or American list, of a previous date, is the name 270 Retrospective Criticism. of Chon, or Citre of Clion, to be found \ You will find it, as I believe, in none ; consequently, some portion, at least, of your censure, as implied, be- longs evidently to me alone, and, for reasons which I know not, a share also of your rebuke thus obviously aimed. By permission, therefore, I embrace the first moment of leisure to reply to your remarks, by giving to the pub- lic, through your columns, tlie history of the fruit, from the materials which, fortunately, are at hand, and from the country also of its origin. The trees of this variety were, as I believe, first sent hither by the late Mr. Parmentier, to the late Judge Heard, of Watertowu, under the erroneous name of Dourgincstre ; and by him the fruit w'as first exhibited at the rooms of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society ; and by him also was the variety disseminated around Boston imder that mistaken name. But when the 2d edition and Descriptive Catalogue of the Lon- don Horticultural Society was published, which was about 1833, it be- came evident that the Bourgmestre of that Catalogue was another and very different description of fruit from this. Not long after, and by re- quest, scions of the Bourgmestre of that garden were sent by Mr. Thomp- son to Mr. Manning and to me, and the true Bourgmestre or fruit thus sent by him proved to be no synonym of this, that being a fruit of qrdtc another description. Yet at the time when, in 1838, Mr. Manning wrote his '■'Book of Frmts,^^ to w^hich you have alluded, he knew not the true name of the fruit in question which he then and there described, or of any of its synonyms ; of this he was perfectly conscious at the time, hence he says at the page you have quoted , ' ' this is not the Bourgmestre of the London Horticultural Society's Catalogue.''^ Previous to this period, trees or scions had been received by him also of the Poire Monsieur or Le Cure, and not long after his publication, as above, he had ascertained, and was enabled to state to me confidently, that the fruit heretofore known, in this vicinity, only as the Bourgmestre, was identically not the true Bourgmestre, but the Le Curi of France, as it is commonly called. Near the garden of the London Horticultural Society, and nearest to that source of intelligence, I have heard this fruit called Le Cure by sev- eral intelligent nurserymen, but never in that locality have I heard it called by any English name. At Vitry, France, intelligent nurserymen called it Lc Cure, or Monsieur Le Cure ; but Monsieur Jamin, of Paris, in his catalogue, calls it Belle de Berri, or Poire Le Cur^ ; and Monsieur Dalbret, superintendent of the fruit department at the Garden of Plants, at Paris, in his celebrated treatise on pruning fruit trees, calls it Belle de Berri, Pater Nolle, Le Cure, &c. ; " Poire Monsieur," as above quoted, being only a title, is evidently improper to be applied, as a proper name, either to this or any other new fruit, since it has long been appropriated as the synonym of another and an old fruit, namely, of the old " Saint Mi- chael.'' See the Pomological Magazine and the Catalogue of the London Horticultural Society. Many other fruits tliere are bearing titles, such as those of " Saint,'' or of ^^ Bezi," [Wilding] but these titles are never deemed proper to be used alone, or without the addition of the proper name of the Saint, or of the proper name of the place where found. So also of Le Cure, this being hut a title, and not the proper name of any person or place, how liable to be misapplied. In England, as it appears, Le Cur6 having been introduced, and bearing a fugitive title only, that title became speedily transformed, and ere Retrospective Cnticism. 271 long engrafted also on a new and English name, which name you have decided to be the only true one. At the time Mr. Manning had made the discovery as before stated, he further informed me, that this being a neio fruit, had no relation whatever with the Saint Lezain, which is known to be an old fruit ; and that ac- cording to Monsieur Vilmorin it ought to be called " CIio7i." With his approbation, and on that high authority, I have adopted " Clio7i," or rather " Curt of Clion,^^ as the only proper name — names alone, which combined, may serve also to illustrate its original history beyond dispute. In France, Monsieur Vilmorin is deemed very high authority ; the accounts of many of the most new, useful and remarkable productions, as published in the '■'■ Bon Jardinier,''' being written by him; he having been for many years the co-laborer with the venerable M. Poiteau, as edi- tor of that celebrated work, and deemed also by Mr. Loudon as the most useful man on all accounts in France. In years past, he has sent many trees to this country to Messrs. Perkins and others, of many valuable new varieties of fruits, all which he had purchased of others, he being 720^ a nurseryman. He is a seedsman ; and if, as a republican, I may be allowed the use of an anti-republican word, he is in that country the prince of seedsmen. He is also a " Chevalier of the Legion of Honor," which mark of distinction he received from Louis Phillipe, on account of his exalted eminence in his profession. The following is the translation of a conmrunication of Monsieur Vil- morin, as inserted by him in the Annals of the Society of Horticulture of Paris; Livraison, No. 3, for November, 1827 : " In 1823, M. de la Tremblaye, a distinguished amateur and proprietor of Clion, in the Canton of Chatillon-sur-Indre, sent me specimens of a remarkably large and beautiful species of pear, which had, within a very shoft period of time, been very extensively multiplied in his vicinity, where it was regarded as a new species. It has been named Poire Mon- sieur, by abbreviation of its primitive name '■^Poire de Monsieur he Curi,'''' it having been so called for a curate [cur6] of that vicinity, who had found and propagated the fruit. M. de la Tremblaye has furnished me with a particular account of this fruit, which is as follows ;" " The Poire Monsieur was found in the woods, about a league from this place, where the original tree of this species is still standing. On account of its good qualities, it has been multiplied most extensively, and in a very extraordinary manner. It has been grafted throughout our country, on the Wild Pear, in the hedge-s, to a very great extent, some on the Quince and Wild Medlar, and very largely on the Thorn ; {Mes- pilus oxijacantha,) by these last modes the fruit is more suddenly produced. The fruit is pyriform, oblong, and very beautiful. On espaliers, grafted on the Quince, and facing "the south, I have seen them eight or nine inches in length ; of a bright red color next the sun, greenish yellow in the shade ; excellent towards the Carnival, (Christmas,) and in some years they will keep well till Pacque, (11th of April or Easter,) and even longer. I have some young trees whose branches incline downwards, like the Weeping Willow. The tree bears abundant crops and rarely fails; but the fruit varies much in its size in different years." "The fruits sent by M. de la Tremblaye," continues M. A-'ilmorin, " were somewhat damaged, and could not therefore be identified with any degree of certainty ; they were nevertheless believed by M. Bosc, to be 272 Retrospective Criticism. in all probability identical with the Saint Lezain, a pear cultivated from time immemorial in Anjou, and introduced about forty or fifty years ago into the collections around Paris. M. Bosc found, notwithstanding, that these fruits were higher colored, and better in quality than the Saint Le- zain. M. Vilmorin observes, that Messrs. Noisette and Poileau alike and equally regard both as of the same species ; but on this he further re- marks, that the Poire Monsieur is very juicy, while on the contrary the Saint Lezain is of a clammy consistence and without juice, or quite want- ing in this respect ; and that finally the Poire Monsieur, by reason of its merit, as found in the Canton de Chatillon-sur-Indre, has been dissemina- ted not only in the Department of Berri, but also in other parts of France, under the same name. At the date of this communication, (Nov. 1827,) M. Vilmorin submit- ted the fruits of this species, which he had raised from the grafts sent to him by M. de la Tremblaye, to the Committee of the Horticultural Soci- ety of Paris ; and in February, 1828, the report of M. du Petit-Thours was published in the name of that Committee, in the annals of that Soci- ety of that date. They report that this fruit " was probably identical with the Poire de Saint Lezain, yet that, nevertheless, it differs from that in several respects, and its identity is still doubted in the eyes of M. Vilmo- rin.'''' I would not thus have dwelt on this part of the subject, had you not started new doubts, thus leaving the public to infer that this might be identical with the Saint Lezain, referring us as your authority to the " Bon Jardinier.'" Or had I not with regret perceived that the venerable and distinguished Monsieur Poiteau, in the volume of the Bon Jardinier for 1841, which he presented to me when last I saw him, still persists in placing the ^^ Poire de Curi^^ as a synonym of the old Saint Lezain, since the proofs to the contrary are so ample and conclusive. Those new doubts I should be anxious to remove, as tending to unsettle the public mind. Yet if we consider the time and circumstances under which the gentlemen of that Committee made their examinations and their dubious report, which was at Paris, and must have been between the months of November and February, is it not even more than probable that they judged of the fruit rather by its y'orm and dimensions alone, and not at all by the tree or its leaf, since in this as in all other respects, confessedly, the fruits disagree ; the Saint Lezain being besides, according to M. Jamin and other authorities, an October, and this a luinter fruit . So judged not Mr. Manning, and the most intelligent French nurserymen, as by them I am well assured. These know to the contrary, and that the distinction is both far and wide. These judge as did the celebrated Duhamel, not by the fruit alone, which is from various causes often liable to vary, but by the tree and its habits and its leaf; also, these being in their indications even far more certain and invariable. At Paris, the varieties of fruits of different species usually grow of larger dimensions than with us at Boston, which I ascribe in part to their higher cultivation and deeper tillage generally, for which reason the roots go down deej), where the trees and their fruits will continue to grow un- interrupted by ordinary droughts. Our sun is more powerful from its higher elevation, and from skies less obscured by clouds, and all produc- tions, when they do grow, grow more rapidly with us. But droughts come more frequent and severe with us from this cause ; these droughts Retrospective Criticism. 273 strike suddenly down below most of the roots and below all our ordinary tillage, when the tree and its fruits must inevitably stop growing all at once, and thus continue stationary for a season, until the return of show- ers, when they start growing again, but with difficulty. This remark ap- plies more particularly to their late hardy fruits. Their springs, more- over, commence in February; vegetation, indeed, progresses slowly at first, but it continues usually uninterrupted from very severe droughts for a very long period of time, or until late in autumn. At Vitry, and also at the mansion of M. Vilmorin, in the Rue du Seine, Faubourg Saint Germain, at Paris, I was shewn specimens of many of our late fruits, all very large ; the Cure of Clion, in particular, being of very uncommon size and beauty ; and all much larger than any of the same kinds I had seen produced at Boston by any of the ordinary modes of cultivation. Here I will remark, for once, that a fruit, however ^?s^ rate it may be as to flavor and quality, yet if wanting in all other essential qualities, it must necessary become an outcast. Thus the GanseFs Bergamot, al- though combining good size, with a fair appearance, with first rate or ex- cellent flavor, not all these could save it from just condemnation ; for being wanting in other most essential qualities, it has necessarily become an outcast from general cultivation ; such are the miserably unproductive habits of the tree, that it can yield no profit to the cultivator by any equiv- alent which would be paid for its fruit, if sold in the market. While, on the other hand, the Williams Bon Chretien or Bartlett, however of excel- lent quality in our climate, it is put down by Mr. Thompson as only of 2d quality in that climate and at that garden, in the Catalogue of the London Horticultural Society. Yet on account of its other remarkable qualities of size and beauty, and its great productiveness, it is raised in very great abundance about London, being there, as here, a great favorite, and justly considered as one of the most popular fruits of the market for its season, the public being generally well satisfied with quality which is simply good, provided that size and beauty and abundance are superadded, which is all they require. The Cur6 of Clion is, at maturity, both beurre and juicy in flavor ; as a late fruit, it is agreeable and good, loithout being in this respect superior. To this essential qualification it combines other qualities which are vei-y remarkable. Its very uncommon size and great beauty, its wonderful pro- ductiveness, and the time during which it will keep, must, as I believe, render it one of our most popular and profitable winter fruits for the ex- tensive supply of our markets. It keeps till January or February. — Wil- liam Kenrick, Nonantum Hill, Newton, June 26, 1843. P. S. The Van Mons Leon Le Clerc is not, as I perceive, put down or described in the last edition of the London Horticultural Society's Cata- logue, although Mr. Thompson alludes to it by name once ; but this omission is only to be accounted for from the obvious reason that this fruit had not as yet been produced or proved in that garden . Yet the descrip- tions of this fruit which you have republished in a former year, are obvi- ously the descriptions by himself alone. When at that garden, for the first time, in the fall of 1840, Mr. Thompson shewed me a specimen of the Van Mons Leon Le Clerc, as received, no doubt, by him from the Isle of Jersey. He then renewedly assured me that this fruit, as a pear, was believed to be the best in the world. Its unusually large size, its uncom- mon beauty combined with its great excellence, entitle it justly to this VOL. IX. — NO. VII. 35 274 Retrospective Criticism. preeminence. The season of this fruit is put down for December. This is probably its season in the Isle of Jersey. It may or may not prove earlier here. This fruit may supersede, as it probably will surpass, every other of its particular season, except only it should prove on trial to be greatly surpassed by others in its bearing. — W. K. [We regret very much that Mr. Kenrick should think we had aimed any "rebuke" at him, or intended any "censure" by our " remarkable words" on the Vicar of Winkfield pear. We are not aware that his Book especially came into our mind when we penned the remarks. Of the truth of our statement no person who knows any thing of the cultiva- tion of fruits will pretend to doubt. There has indeed been great confu- sion, as Mr. Thompson asserts, in regard to the name and identity of this variety, as Mr. Kenrick fully shows in his communication ; even M. Poiteau, whose knowledge of fruits is very extensive, yet doubting its be- ing different from the Saint Lezin. But Mr. Kenrick is entirely mistaken when he thinks that the name of CUon has not been given by any other English or American author, and we shall show that it was Mr. Thompson himself on whose authority we relied, and not in the least upon Mr. Kenrick. In the Gardeners'' Chromcle for January, 1843, p. 20, is an engraving, with a full description, by Mr. Thompson, of the Vicar of Winkfield Pear, which we here copy : " Vicar of Wrnkfield. — Synonyms : Le Cure, Monsieur Le Cur6, Clion, Dumas. — The following account will, it is presumed, dear up the confusion which has existed respecting this pear, of which the accom- panying is an outline from a specimen forwarded by the Rev. W. L. Rham. It was found growing wild in a wood by M. Clion, a French cu- rate, and hence obtained the name of Monsieur le Cur6. Subsequently, by French authors, it was erroneously made synonymous with the Saint Lezin, which it resembles only in external appearance : the Saint Lezin being a firm-fleshed stewing pear. Trees under both names were obtained from France by the Horticultural Society ; the Saint Lezin was correct ; but that under the name of Monsieur le Cure proved false, being a small round pear. The difference between the two was in consequence not as- certained till 1832, when M. Vilmorin sent specimens on purpose. With these, fruit from a tree then in bearing in the Society's garden, under the name of Dumas, was found to agree. In the mean time, a tree of the sort in question had been imported from France by Mr. Rham, to his gar- den at Winkfield, Berkshire; and some cultivators having obtained cut- tings from this importation, the variety was propagated in the neighbor- hood of London under the name of the Vicar of Winkfield. For this, the familiar appellation of the Vicar of Wakefield has been sometimes substituted. Fruit very large, oblong, or of a somewhat truncated pyra- midal form ; stalk about an inch in length, obliquely inserted; flesh but- tery, and melting in all .seasons, and rich in such as are favorable. In point of flavor it cannot compete with many autumn varieties ; but as it keeps till January, when there are few good sorts, it deserves cultivation on that account. The tree grows very vigorously, and requires to be kept thin of branches ; it is hardy, and bears as a standard. The leaves are large, roundish, shortly acuminate. Flowers large, with roundish petals." As to the authority of Mr. Thompson, in applying the name Vicar of Winkfield, in the 3d Edition of the Catalogue, we have nothing to do ; Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 275 Mr. Kenrick may be right in calling it Clion. But as long as the Lon- don Horticultural Society's Catalogue is acknowledged authority, we shall take the name we find there, and consider all others as synonyms. We have italicised the words in the above extract, to show Mr. Thomp- son's opinion in regard to the confusion which has existed respecting the true name of this pear. Of the correctness of Mr. Kenrick's account of the origin and history of this variety, we have no reason to doubt, and we are pleased to present the same to our readers. We should not have made any comment upon the communication had he not hastily accused us of " implying censure" and aiming " rebuke" at his authority. He will now perceive, however, that there are English writers who have given the name of Clion as a synonym, and when we assure him that Mr. Thompson was our authority, and not his Am. Orchardist, he will, we hope, admit that we have stated the truth, without a disposition to question his correctness. Mr. Kenrick is entirely in error in saying we have " started new doubts" in relation to the Saint Lezin, being a distinct variety from the Vicar of Winkfield. On the contrary, we asserted as plainly as possible, so that no one should mistake us, that the " M. le Cur6 in the 2d Edition of the London Horticultural Society's Catalogue was made a synonym of the Saint Lezin ; but that "Me error had since been discovered and the name cancelled. The Bon Jardinier for 1841 has recorded the same mis- take." Could any words be more intelligible 1 Mr. Kenrick certainly must have imagined all he has asserted to call such language " starting new doubts." — Ed."] Art. IV. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Saturday, June 3d, 1843. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day — the President in the chair. A letter was read from Emelien de Wael, corresponding member of Antwerp ; it was accompanied with some pamphlets and catalogues. M. de Wael requested copies of the Transactions of the Society for the four years last past, and it was voted that the Corresponding Secretary forward the Transactions as requested. A long letter was read from Dr. Burnett, of Southborough, Mass., upon the history and habits and mode of pre- venting the destructive effects of the Curculio. It was referred to the Fruit Committee, for publication, if expedient. The thanks of the So- ciety were voted to Dr. Burnett for his communication. Dr. T. W. Harris exhibited to the Society a limb of an apple tree, showing the cause of the decease known as the fire blight in the pear. Dr. Harris made some remarks upon the history and habits of this insect, as given in his Treatise, and concluded with some general observations upon the subject, remarking that this was the first time he had ever known this insect to attack the apple tree. The thanks of the Society were voted to Dr. Harris for his very acceptable remarks. John Howe, of Boston, was admitted a subscription member of the So- ciety. Adjourned three weeks, to June 24th. 276 MdssacJutsetls Hortlailtiual Sociely. Exhibited. — Flowers : from J. A. Kenrick, a fine display of early flow- ering shrubs and plants, viz. : Hal^sifl tetraptera, Magnob'a cord^ta, new scarlet Hawthorn, red and white Tartarian and Caucasian Honeysuckles, several varieties of Azaleas, P?ebma Moiitan, ^japaveracea and p. Banksjff, P. tenuiflora, latifolia and pras cox, &c. From W. E. Carter, roses, cut flowers of various kinds, and beautiful bouquets. From S. Cabot, Salem, several very handsome seedling Pansies. From W. Kenrick, Wistana Consequa?;(7, tree peeonies, fraxinella, honeysuckles, &c. From S. Walker, tulips, among which were three new varieties, and bouquets. From A. Bowditch, Double Oleander. From S. Sweetser, Sanguinea Rose, in a pot, budded as a standard, and Fuchs/a gracilis. Fruits : From J. F. Allen, beautiful Royal George Chngstone peaches, the first of the season, and handsome Black Hamburgh and Bar sur aube grapes. Vegetables : from J. L. L. F. Warren, cucumbers, and 1*2 stalks of rhubarb, weighing 5^ lbs. June lOf/i. Exhibited. — Flowers : from W. Meller, cut flowers of Pe- largoniums, principally seedlings, all very fine ; also Smith's scarlet Pelar- gonium, Cereus speciosissimus and bouquets. From J. F. Trull, Magnolm tripetala, iupinus polyphyllus, Peebnia Moiitan //apavcracca, and P. officinalis, var. double red, bouquets, &c. From Messrs. Whiship, large bouquets. From J. Norton, Chelsea, large and superior flowers of the tree paeony, var. Banks?Vf. From W. Kenrick, bouquets. From J. A. Kenrick, azaleas, honeysuckles of several sorts, and many other showy flowers. From A. Bowditch, roses and bouquets. From Hovey & Co., a fine display of Cactuses, among which were three splendid new kinds, i-eceived of S. Feast, of Baltimore ; also, Epiphyllum splendidum, and Cereus Jenkinsonn and Tritonia longiflora ; and the following fine roses : Bourbons — Hermosa, Augustin Leleur, Le Brun and Ninon de L'Enclos. Teas — Miss Sargent, Victoire modeste. Princess Maria, &c. Bengals — Romeo, (new,) Marjolin, Cramoisie superieure, Roi des Cramoises, Tri- umphant, Louis Philip of Anglers, Lawrencia rubra and others. Noisette — Lamarque and Elegans. Fruits : from Dr. J. W. Howard, fine specimens of Miller Burgundy, Black Hamburgh and Chasselas grapes. From J. F. Allen, fine speci- mens of Black Hamburgh and White Chasselas grapes and Royal George Clingstone peaches. From J. A. Kenrick, Coggswell apples of the growth of 1842, in fine preservation, and pronounced by the committee to be of fair flavor and much perfume. Vegetables : the finest rhubarb ever exhibited in the Hall, was brought by the Messrs. Hovey & Co., 12 stalks of which weighed 10 lbs. It was the new variety known as Myatt's Victoria. Cucumbers from J. L. L. F. Warren. June 2ith. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day — the President in the chair. A committee of three, consisting of Messrs. S. Walker, C. M. Hovey and J. Lovett, were appointed to consider the expediency of having an annual exhibition, and to report at the next meeting. William Quant, of Brookline, was admitted a subscription member. Adjourned five weeks, to July 29lh. Exhibited. — Flowers: from the President of the Society, Spiraea japon- ica, filip6ndula and filipendula pleno, Cyprip^deum spectabile, (fine,) Masaacliusetts Horticultural Society. '.ill Hemerocallis Grahamn, Pseoiua, varieties Whittle;'*, Humsj, Reevesu, P6tts« and fragrans, and several fine roses. From Mr. Quant, gardener to T. H. Perkins, varieties of Fuchsias, in pots, viz. : Venus victrix, conspicua arborea, elegans and tricolor, each well grown and prettily in bloom. From Mrs. Eliza Barney, New Bedford, fine specimens of Climb- ing roses, called the Bengalensis scandens. From W. Kenrick, a large bouquet, containing a great variety of early flowering shrul)S, roses, &c. From J. A. Kenrick, fine specimens of Paeonies and other flowers, and a noble bloom of Magnoho macrophylla. From W. E. Carter, splendid specimens of Paeonm, varieties fragrans, Whittle^'?, Humez, &c., phloxes, roses, bouquets, &c. From S. Walker, pansies, roses, bouquets, &c., and a pretty specimen of a fine new perennial called the Lychnis viscaria, with spikes of double lilac flowers. From S. R. Johnson, large blooms of Jaune Desprez and other tender roses. From J. Breck & Co., Pajonies and roses, among the latter of which were Madame Hardy, Painted Damask and Geo. IV. From O. & W. Wales, Dorchester, large and strong clusters of Noisette Lamarque and Smith's yellow. Tea Hymen^e and Cels multiflora, Multi- flbra Laure Davoust and other roses. From W. Meller, pinks, dahlias, twenty-four seedling pelargoniums, Cereus Jenldnsonw and bouquets. From Hovey & Co., twenty-five kinds of new and beautiful hardy roses. From J. F. Trull, Magnoba tripetala, Liiiodendron tulipifera, Chionan- thus viginicus, roses and other flowers. From J. L. L. F. Warren, dah- lias, verbenas, phloxes, roses, &c. The premium for Paeonies was awarded at this meeting, as follows : — For the best display of flowers, a premium of five dollars to W. E. Carter. For the second best display of flowers, a premium of three dollars to S. Walker. Messrs. S. R. Johnson, Meller and Warren, judges. Fruit : Hovey & Co. exhibited two boxes very large and beautiful Early Virginia strawberries. The Black Hamburgh and White Chasse- las gi-apes and Royal George Clingstone peaches and black figs, exhibited by J. F. Allen, were all fine. From A. H. Hovey, Early Virginia strawberries. From Capt. Charles Robbins, Keen's Seedling strawber- ries. Dr. J. W. Howard exhibited fine Black Hamburgh, White Chas- selas and Miller Burgundy grapes. From J. F. Trull, Early Virginia strawberries. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Early Virginia and Royal Scarlet strawberries. Mr. Quant, gardener to Col. Perkins, exhibited a large and finely colored cluster of the new Victoria grape, which has been mentioned in our previous volumes, more particularly by Col. Per- kins himself, in a communication, (Vol. VII. p. 423.) It has proved, how- ever, to be nothing but the Black Hamburgh, and is given as a synonym in the last edition of the London Horticultural Society's Catalogue, and quoted in a previous pnge, (246.) Vegetables : J. A. Kenrick exhibited some good specimens of Myatt's Victoria rhubarb, 12 stalks from one plant weighing 9| lbs. From Hovey & Co., 12 stalks of the same variety, exhibited with the leaves attached, some of them measuring nearly 5 feet ; the 12 weighing, when the leaves were cut off, over 10 lbs. Dr. Howard exhibited one peck of early peas, very full and good. From J. F. Allen, tomatoes, not large, but fully ripe ; these were forced in the grapery. 27S Faneiiil Hall Market. Art. V. Faneuil Hall Market. Roots, Tubers, <^-c. Potatoes : Chenang( Common, per barrel, per bushel, per barrel, per bushel. New, per bushel, . . . Turnips : New, per bunch, . . , Onions : New White, per bunch, New Rareripes, per bunch Old Red, per bunch, . , Beets, per bushel, . . New, per bunch, . . Carrots, per bushel, . Parsnips, per bushel, . Salsify, per dozen roots Horseradish, per pound, . . Radishes, per doz. bunches Garlic, per pound From To Sets. S cts. 75 1 00 30 — 50 57 30 1 25 62d 2 00 1 50 4 C ,j C 4 6 3 4 50 75 4 50 50 12* 6 62i 75 6 10 \k 20 6 8 6 S 2 12i 4 12i — (,2h 75 1 25 1 50 Ih - 50 17 20 6 '3 6 3 Squashes atid Pumpkins. Squashes, ner pound : Winter CrooKneck, . West India, .... Cabbages, Salads, iSf-c. Cabbages, each : Early York, .... Early Dutch, .... Cauliflowers, each, . . Lettuce, per head, . . . Spinach, per peck, . . Beet Tops, per peck, . . Rhubarb, per pound, . Peas, per bushel : . . . Common Early, . . . Marrowfat, .... Cucumbers, (pickled) pr ^al Peppers (pickled) per gal. Pot and Sicect Herbs. Parsley, per half peck, . Sage, per pound, . . . Marjorum, per bunch. Savory, per bunch, . . Spearmint, per bunch. Remarks. — The season has continued fine, with considerable rain in the early part of the month ; but since the 10th there have been only two or three light showers, and vegetation is now beginning to suffer some, especially in light and sandy soils. Every thing has taken a rapid start since the cool days and nights of the first week in the month, and we have scarcely known three weeks in succession when vegetation has made so vigorous a growth. rruits. Apples, dessert and cooking Baldwins, per barrel, . Russets, per barrel, . Dried apple, per lb. . Peaches, (forced,) per doz. Cherries, per peck: Black Tartarian, . . Common, .... Strawberries, per box, (qt.) Methven Scarlet, . . Hovey's Seedling, . - Keen's Seedling, . . Common, .... Wood, Gooseberries, green, (pr qt. Large, Common, (small,) . Green Currants, per. quart. Blueberries, per quart, . Cranberries, per bushel. Tomatoes, per dozen, . Grapes, per pound : Black Hamburgh, . . White Sweetwater, Figs, per doz Watermelons, each, . . Pine-apples, each, . . Cucumbers : . . . . Extra size, each, . . Common, per doz. . Lemons, per doz. . . Oranges, per doz. . . Chesnuts, per bushel, . Walnuts, per bushel, Cocoanuts, per hund. Almonds, per lb. . . . English Walnuts, per lb. Castana, per lb. . . . From S CIS. 4 50 3 00 3 3 00 1 00 25 37^ 17 17 6 10 8 17 3 00 50 To S cts. 3 50 4 4 00 1 00 25 12i 17 62i 3 00 1 50 4 10 12^ 1 50 1 00 1 50 37.i 25 20 75 3 50 G 12 Hoi'ticultural Memoranda. 279 Vegetables. — Our list shows some change in the products of the market. Old potatoes continue very abundant and good, and in consequence new ones, which have just come to hand, do not find a very ready sale ; they are however yet rather small ; Nova Scotias are all out of market, and the stock of Eastports is somewhat reduced. New turnips in bunches are now plentiful for the season, and of fine quality. New onions are now larger and better ; some of the red kind called the rareripe, of this year's crop, have come to hand from Rhode Island. New beets are plen- tiful by the bunch and of good size. Parsnips are about gone. Radishes are now so abundant that the market is overstocked. Of horseradish there is a supply sufficient for the demand. New cabbages have just made their appearance, and they are yet small ; the only sort is the early York. Lettuce is now abundant and good. Beet tops and other greens have been well supplied, but the sale is now nearly over. Rhubarb is plentiful, but in less demand as fruits come in. Asparagus all gone. Peas are tolerably abundant now, but the crop will suffer if the dry weather continues. String-beans are plentiful. Parsley is now quite scarce. No new squashes have yet made their appearance ; of West In- dies there is yet a sufficient supply for the season. Fruit. — The stock of old apples is now reduced very low ; we scarcely think a barrel of Baldwin's is to be found at this date, although last week some were disposed of at our quotations ; there is yet a fair stock of rus- sets. Strawsberries have been plentiful, with a good demand. Cherries are now coming in freely, and of fine quality. Green currants and goose- berries are abundant, and now take the place of rhubarb. Cranberries are nearly gone. Blueberries have also come to hand this week. Forced peaches have been brought in in small lots, and sold at our prices. Of grapes there is yet a scanty supply, and good, well-colored, handsome ones bring our highest quotations. One or two lots of watermelons have arrived from the West Indies, and were readily taken. Pine apples have been very plentiful, though not remarkably fine. Cucumbers are now re- ceived from New York in large quantities — to the amount of several bar- rels daily ; they are the short kind, and sell at our lowest quotations. Lemons have been very scarce, owing to the demand for the holidays and the non-arrival of any cargoes ; they ranged as high as six dollars and a half per box. The market has been rather bare of good fruit for the last fortnight, owing to the great demand for the festival occasions of the 17th June and the coming 4th July. — M. T., Boston, June 29th, 1843. HORTICULTURAL MEMORANDA FOR JULY. FRUIT DEPARTMENT. Grape Vines, in the grapery, will begin to color their fruit now, and will require constant attention as to air and water. Give air early in 280 Horticultural Memoranda. the morning and close up early in the afternoon. Lay in all wood for next year's bearing carefully, and cut out all superfluous shoots, laterals, tendrils. Sic. Continue to shoulder the large bunches if not done before. Attend to the destruction of insects, such as the red spider and thrips, and do not allow mildew to find a phice in the house. If forcing was com- menced early, the crop will soon ripen, and must have treatment accord- ing to the forwardness of the vines. Strmvbcrry Beds. — Prepare soon to make new plantations of strawber- ries. Let the soil be well manured, spaded deep, or trenched, and all will be ready for planting out in August. Keep weeds out of old beds, and take off all runners beyond the 2d, if large fruit is wanted. Phtin Trees should be budded tlie latter part of tlie month. Prune Fruit Trees at this season ; nuich may be gained by performing the operation now. The trees are sooner thrown into fruit, and it obvi- ates the necessity of taking off large shoots in the spring. Grape Vmes in the open ground should be pruned of all useless wood, and the branches tied up to the trellis or stake. FLOWER DEPARTBIE^JT. Dahlias should now be encouraged in their growth. Stake all newly set plants, not yet attended to, and tie up with soft matting. Prune olF all laterals, and keep the earth loose and free from weeds around the roots. Camellias may be inarched this month, and grafting may be performed as recommended at p. 265. Put in cuttings now, and repot such plants as need it. Cuttings of Roses may now be put into pots or in the open ground un- der hand glasses. The large shoots may be layered. The hardy kinds should also be layered at this season, if duplicate plants arc wanted. Fuchsias should be repotted, if strong plants are wanted. Chrysantheiniims should now be shifted into No. 3 pots, and the latter part of the month the tops nipped off, in order to make bushy plants. Heliotropes may yet be propagated with success. Orange and Lemon Trees should be budded during this month. Tree Pcconies may be increased by grafting on the roots of the herba- ceous ones. Carnations and Pinks should be layered this month. Fine Pansies should be propagated from cuttings under a hand glass. Cinerarias may be increased by separating the roots. Chinese Primrose Seeds should he sown now to make good plants for blooming next winter. Snap Dragons, of fine sorts, should be increased by cuttings, as the seeds cannot be depended upon. All kinds of Ornamental Planis should be propagated by layers. Ericas, of many kinds, may be propagated froin cuttings ; young plants may now be shifted into the next size, and placed in a frame facing the north. Schizanthus, Petunia and Stock Seeds should be sown this month, if plants are wanted for flowering in the winter. Sotr Perennial and Biennial Flower Seeds this month. THE MAGAZINE HORTICULTURE AUGUST, 1843. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Art. I. The CurcuUo, (Rhynclisenus Cerasi Peck.) its natw'al history, habits, character, and the best mode of preventing its destructive ravages ; together with remarks on the cause of the disease known as the Warty Excres- cence, arid suggestions to prevent its appearatice. In a letter to the Committee on Fruits of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. By Dr. Joel Burnett, Southbor- ough, Mass. The Curculio. Gentlemen. — Noticing the vote of the Massachnsetts Horticultural Society, in the New England Farmer of July 14, 1S41, which awards a premium of $200 for a success- ful mode of destroying the Curculio, and also the vote placing the subject under the direction of the Fruit Com- mittee, I am induced to address you upon that subject. 1 consider the motive philanthropic in passing this vote, for members of that Society well know the pleasure and the profit of cultivating good fruit, and the healthy and harmless luxury, and the delicious fare it always affords, and wishing to remove every obstacle in the way of, and grant every facility in, its cultivation ; in order that this pleasure, so productive of profit and comfort, may become general in the community, have generously offered this reward to any one who will make known to you a suc- cessful mode of removing the great, or only impediment, which lies in the way of success in the cultivation of those delicious and beautiful fruits— the plum and peach. It will be my aim to state here what I know of this insect from observation, entering somewhat into his natural VOL. IX. — NO. vin. 36 282 The Ciirciilio : history: describing his metamorphosis; his three stages of existence, viz, : the larva, pupa and perfect-imago, or beetle states. And this will be done for the reason, that the more we know of his character the more practical and more effectual will be our efforts to check and prevent the injuries he commits upon fruit. This insect was called by Herbsi, Rhynchajnus Nenu- 20 phar : by Peck, Rhyn- chsenus Cerasi — but ^jB^ ^^M^ commonly goes by the ^fff^ *^3T0v. name of Curculio, or plum weevil, by horti- The Curculio of the natural size. culturalists. "He is a little rough, dark brown beetle," has two small bunches or protuberances on his back, a rostrum or beak on which are two antenneae, {Jig. 20.) He is so shy and retiring and unobtrusive in his charac- ter, in his beetle stage, that he is not liable to be seen un- less he is searched for purposely, and this is the reason why so little is known of him generally. When you have discovered that he is operating upon the fruit, which you may know by his peculiar mark upon it, 21 by assidulously watching, you may chance to see him cutting the incision with his rostrum, {Jig. 21.) If you extend your thumb and finger towards him, it must be done very cautiously and slily, or be- fore you touch him he will drop, as imper- ceptibly as a small shot would, to the ground. It should be remarked, that we do not know that he uses the fruit for his food, but chooses it as receptacles for his eggs. He begins his work, upon the plum and apricot, as soon in the season as the small '''/ma'rnJkVse'."^ cap or covcrmg, formed by the blossom, lunar incision uith falls off, but uot SO soou upon the peach. his rostrum or beak. Examining the fruit occasionally, or daily, you are to know when he has commenced his work by his peculiar mark or incision, which is readily seen on fruit with smooth skin, as the plum, cherry, apple, &c., but on the peach it is known by a small drop of gum oozing from its surface. It has been stated, that the furzy surface on the peach is a barrier or obstacle in his way, but it does its Natural History. Habits^ S^c. 283 not prove so here, as the injury which it sustains is quite genera], unless protected. I say, then, he is known to be on the fruit tree by his peculiar mark on the fruit. This mark is the wound he makes with his rostrum, which consists in raising up the skin of the plum to a small extent, under which he depos- its an 0,%%. The shape or form of this mark is semilunar or crescent shape, and in the middle of this wound is a small discolored speck, where the egg is placed, {Jigs. 22, 23, 24.) In the early part of the season, or during the month of June, his mark will be found near the apex or point of the plum, {fig. 22.) But after the plum has reached a considerable size, or from the 1st to the 20th of July, his mark will be found at the base, or near where the stem is in- serted, {fig. 23.) This last mentioned place the insect prefers, it would seem, from instinct, Incision near the apex in imall plums. lest the plum, by its strong connection to the tree, should not fall soon enough to secure the wel- fare of the grub within it ; for this vital connection is sooner disturbed by the worm than it would be if the egg had been deposited at the apex. When the egg hatches the lava, sometimes, it is presumed, falls from the nidus or nest, and the fruit remains unharmed ; but most generally, in four or five days from the time the egg is laid, a small blueish line, near the skin, may be seen, extending from his mark, {fig. 24, p. 284.) which signifies that the grub is within. And also when his mark has assumed a blueish tint, you may be certain that destruction will fol- low ; for when you see these signs, take the plum from the tree, and cut off a small portion where the mark is. Incision, near the base, m large plums The small or discolored spot, at the inner line of the mark, is the nest where the egg lies. 2S4 Tlie Curcuiio ; esnsb and you will notice Ihat the larva has burrowed down into it. The effect, upon the phiin or other fruit, of the larva with- in, is to cause it to shrivel and decay, and after a while it falls. By tlie time the plum falls, the insect has nearly or quite com ■ pleted his larva or grub stage, and then he leaves it and goes down a little way into the earth. Here in the earth he under- goes his transformation, {,fig- 25,) which is performed in about ShotDing the blue line, which, indicaies fifteen OT twenty dayS, in the that the grub is eatinff within, ^^^j^^,^ ^f j^^^g ^^ f^^^.^ p^j^j ^f July. But all the larva3, (so far as I have observed,) that go into the earth about as late as the 20th of July, do not as- .,- cend that season, but remain there in the pupa stage {fg- 26,) until the next spring. We are to observe LarccE of the Curcuiio of the natural size. tllCU that there are two generations in one season, of these insects, and this fact it is important to know; for if the first generation 2g in the larva and beetle stages is destroyed, we have little to fear from the second, which operates in July. The kinds of fruit, and the only kinds, which the Curcuiio injures, as far as 1 have observed, are the phmi, apricot, nec- tarine, peach, cherry and apple, and these in the order in which he seems to prefer them. But I would remark, that he is not the only insect which makes the apple wormy. The codling moth does great injury to the apple crop, and the caterpillar of this moth should not be mistaken for the larva of the Cur- cuiio. The Curcuiio does not usually injure the cherry crop ex- cessively, but it is remarkable what a cause of general de- vastation he proves to the plum crop, when he is suffered to go on in his work unmolested. 'I'he writer has known large plum trees, loaded with fruit, in the early part of Curcuiio in the pupa stage magnified. T have placed iis Natural History^ Habits^ ^e. 285 June, upon which nearly every plum would be punctured, and consequently all would be lost to the cultivator. The objection, in the community, against cultivating this fruit, is upon the complaint, or fact, that the plums will not hang on until ripe ; and nurserymen are often questioned, if they know of any kinds that will not drop before they become matured. As great a pest as this little insect is to the fruit-grower, I am not willing that he should be loaded with more sins than he deserves. He has been charged with being the cause of the fungus-excrescences on the plum tree, of which he will not plead guilty. True, his larva, and also those of some other insects, it is said, are found in this fungus, and this is the reason why this disease has been attributed to him. My reasons for saying he is not the cause of this disease, may be offered in another place. It is remarkable how unconfined or unlocated the Curcu- lio appears to be. I formerly believed that he was limited nearly to the ground, under and near the tree where he Avas produced, and, that, if the earth under it was paved, or so fixed as to prevent the larvse from descending into it, that, that tree would be secure the following season, at least. But more extensive observation has taught me otherwise. This fact I consider a very important point in this insect's character. In 1838, a new apple tree came into bearing, hav- ing three apples upon it, situated 20 rods distant from any frui t-bearing tree, and I hoped to test the quality of the apples thereby ; but I was disappointed. In the first of July, I noticed the spoiler's mark upon these apples, and after a while they dropped off. I have searched after, and found him, upon an apple tree in a pasture, which stood alone and at a distance from any other fruit tree. A plum tree, trained to the east end of iTiy house, bore for the first time in the year 1841. I watched the fruit, and, about the usual time, found his mark upon some of the plums, and secured them. From these observations, I am led to the supposi- tion, at least, that he may not be dependent altogether upon the before mentioned fruits for the propagation of his race ; but when fruits are wanting, he finds other recepta- cles for his eggs. But this is a conjecture simply. No doubt he is capable of flying to a considerable distance. Dr. Harris stated to me, that he was not certain that the plum weevil does feed in the beetle form, though he rather 286 The Cvrcidiu ; supposed he did. But whether he does or does not feed, his organs of taste and smell are rather obsolete or disused, for we are able to state, from observation, that many kinds of odorous bodies which are obnoxious to many insects are not so to him. I have tried camphor upon the tree, watered it with so- lution of soap and of tobacco, and I don't know that he was disturbed any further than he would be mechanically by their application. I might here notice the inadequacy of other measures which have been recommended to frustrate his operations, but prefer to proceed to a statement of those means which will ensure success, if persevered in, and prove satifactory. As the notion is prevalent that he crawls up the body of the tree, I would state that he flies on to it, and, therefore, it is useless to apply any preventative to keep him from ascending that way. I am free to state, that this insect cannot be combatted without labor, and the result secured, will very far more than compensate for all labor bestowed, even in a pecuniary point of view. Believing, from my observation, that he cannot be suc- cessfully opposed by preparations of soap, and infusions of odorous bodies thrown on to the tree, by means of a syringe, I proceed to state the course which has been fol- lowed with success, so far as I know. Our rule of action should be, direct aggi^ession upon him, both in the beetle and larva forms. In the pupa stage he lies in the ground secured from our search. Watched, as the plum and fruit trees always should be, 27 by the gardener, as ^ soon as his mark is H M seen on the plums, ^ ^ which will be gener- ally as soon as the plum is left naked by the blossom, a sheet ^S^ of sufficient dimen- sions should be sus- Thc insect, when shook from the tree, assumes the pendcd beneath the above form, -either tluit of the upper or Imcer f_ , , figure, and keeps the feigned ajrpcarance a vw-^^^^^ ^J \WO or uiree meniortwo. individuals, or other- wise ; then give the tree a sudden rap, or jar, and the its Natural History, Habits^ (^'c. 287 insect immediately falls upon it, and, feigning himself dead, very much resembles a raisin seed in form, {Jig. 27, p. 286.) All the Curculios on the sheet should be crushed between the thumb and finger, and all the stung plums that fall from the tree should be put into the fire. I would impress upon the mind of the gardener the im- portance of assiduously attending upon his destruction in the month of June. The trees should be shaken twice or three times daily, certainly in the morning and evening, in order that the beetles may be crushed, and all the wounded fruit gathered and put into the fire. I have observed that, usually, after the twenty -fifth of July he is not to be found. If the first generation, which operate in June, are well destroyed, we have less, yea, very little, to fear from the second generation, which work in July. Children, who are always urged, by impulsive curiosity, to examine and investigate any new and curious object — of an insect, flower or pebble — are ready and sufficient hands to perform much of this work, and gladly will they perform it when promised a share of the product. This mode of protecting and preserving plums, from the Curculio, 1 have always found to succeed. I am aware, that the labor required, may be thought an objection to this mode of warfare, and that the result will not warrant the time and pains ; but if the orchardist will tar his apple trees to protect against the canker-worm, and the gardener spend time to kill the cut-worm, and water his plants in a dry season, surely this course is also justifi- able ; the result will justify the means. A tree standing near the door, if jarred and shook several times a day, as it may be passed, would be likely to suc- ceed, as this course would discommode and frustrate the insect in his work. Plum trees, standing in a hog-yard, frequently sustain partial crops, for the hogs are frequently, during the day, rubbing against them, and are pretty sure to eat all those that fall to the earth. Plums can be saved, even after the egg is laid in them, by a trivial operation, if done before it has hatched ; and this operation I have practiced successfully and repeat- edly. 288 War/y Excrescence on Plum Trees. You may smile at a manoeuvre, which is to destroy an almost infinitesimal egg, with an in- strument made of a quill, like a tooth- pick; but this the fruit-amateur will do with pleasure, if thereby he can save a plum on a new young tree, to test the fruit of which he has been waiting pa- tiently with hopeful anxiety. It is well worth the while to do this on low trees, in point of economy. It may be well to remark, that the egg is deposited in the inner circle of the incision, under a small discolored por- tion of the skin of the plum, and the operation consists in removing this dis- colored portion of the skin, and scooping out the egg with the instrument, {fig'- 28.) The desire which has been manifested in the community to possess a knowl- edge of this insect, the manner in which he operates, and a means of destroying him, must be my apology for thus far prolonging these remarks. Warty or Black Excrescence. A communication from William Prince & Co., some few weeks since, to the Editor of the N'eiv England Fctrmer, in which a list of the kinds of plum is made out which, they say, are not subject to the fungus or warty excrescences, has induced me to state my opinion concerning the nature of that disease. I do not remember to have seen that disease spoken of, except in connexion with the belief that it is caused by an insect ; and I believed it to be so produced, until observa- tion proved to me that it was attributed to the wrong cause. The reason any one would ofter as proof that the disease was caused by the Curculio. is that its larvae are sometimes found in this juicy fungus. There is one analogous reason for attributing this fungus to the Curculio, or some insect: that is, the production of galls upon the oak by the puncture of an insect, and the depositing his egg in the puncture. But how uniform, in Shmeinff the method of destroying the eggs iriih a quill. Siiggestlojis lo prevoil i/s appearance. 289 form and size, are these galls, compared with these excres- cences, which are very irregular in form and size. Ho far as I have been able to observe, by dissecting these fnngi, they appear to arise in that part or texture called the Alburnum. I have thought that the proximate cause might be, an obstruction in the vessels of that texture, by reason of the unhealthiness of the sap. The vessels burst, and the sap is poured out under the bark. Now the sap is as full of the life of the tree as blood is full of the life of an ani- mal. This extra vasated sap will immediately become organ- ized, or partially so, and, rapidly increasing, burst through the outer bark and make its appearance. This fungus is not confined to the young wood, but is produced upon limbs of large size, the outer bark of which the Curculio would not be able to puncture. It makes its appearance from June up to August. These fungi come in all forms ; sometimes in a single spot, and then again extend along the limb for several inches, always with an irregular granulated surface. This want of uni- formity in form, size and location, is evidence that it is not caused by an insect. After being cut from the large limbs, these fungi will often sprout out again between the wood and the bark where the wound is made, and require a sec- ond operation. Now, this would not be the case if caused by an insect. This disease may often be noticed under the bark before it burst, upon large limbs, where the bark is strong, which, if slightly opened with a khife, will yield to the pressure, and the fungus soon appears. While this fungus is young and tender, the Curculio finds it a convenient receptacle for his eggs, the juice of which affords abundant nutriment for the larvae. A pretty sure sign, by which you may know that he has used it for that purpose, is a small drop of gum oozing from its surface; and where you do not see this sign, you may not expect to find his larva within. I have said that this disease begins in the part called the alburnum. This is the texture through which the sap ascends ; but it soon involves every texture of the tree — wood and bark — and is malignant and surely fatal to the limb on which it grows. It is as destructive to the tree as VOL. IX. NO. VIII. 37 ■^V»0 Warty Excrescence o)i Plum Trees: cancer is to the human flesh. These fungi always die the succeeding winter, never Hve over winter, and remain upon the tree, unless removed, a black, unsightly mass. I have observed two trees, both of a kind, and nearly of a size, but standing apart and differently located ; one would be diseased with the excrescences and the other would not, while the fruit of both would be nearly alike injured by the Curculio ; and this fact I consider additional evidence that he is not the cause. It is desirable both to find a remedy when a tree is dis- eased, and also a means of prevention. The only remedy I know of, is to cut the tumor out, and this should be done as early as possible. If done early, and Avith care, the wound soon heals, and the limb is but slightly injured. But a means of prevention is more desirable than a remedy. A tree of most of the kinds of plums which may be ob- tained at nurseries, if placed on a somewhat gravelly soil, whose power to retain water is small, and, therefore, sub- ject to sudden transition from a moist to a dry condition of its roots, every season, I will venture to say will be dis- I do not mean that there may not be an exception, and that all kinds are equally subject to it ; but I know of no exception, among a number of varieties, which have been cultivated under my observation. I am inclined to the opinion, that a prevention may be found in cultivating the plum in a loamy soil, rather moist, and in keeping that soil uniform as to moisture and rich- ness. Any kind of tree is not in the condition in which nature would place it and keep it, when the soil over its roots is kept naked and exposed to the burning and drying suns of summer, or uncovered and unprotected from sudden and intense cold of winter. Neither can fruit trees prosper so well in grass land; for, though the covering of grass may serve as protection from extreme heat or cold, yet it will take from the soil the nourishment which should go to the tree. In what a uniform condition the roots of forest trees are kept, by the thick bed of leaves which covers the earth, the slow and steady decomposition of which affords the necessary nourishment ; and so matted and plaited are S'uggestmis to prevent its appearance. 291 they, as to prevent the escape of the fertahzing gasses, which must otherwise evaporate unappropriated by the trees. So far as I have observed, those plum trees have been exempted from these fungi which are located in good soil not subject to drought or deficient in moisture. Trees standing beside a heavy wall prosper better (other things being equal,) than those which stand in the open field, on account of the protection which the wall proves to the roots. Entertaining these views, I would recommend to fruit- growers the following mode of cultivation, as a prevention : Let the plum trees be set in a soil rather loamy and moist, and they may be set within 8 or 10 feet of each other. The soil should be in good condition as to richness, and being made smooth and level, should be covered over with a good coating of straw, old hay or leaves. This covering is to lie year after year, and decompose as the leaves do in the forest, having addition made to it from year to year, as may be necessary. Such a course of management will make the soil ap- proximate to uniformity as to temperature, richness and moisture, and, I believe, insure success in cultivating the plum ; and not only is it suitable to the plum, but will en- hance success in the cultivation of other kinds. Very respectfully your obedient servant, Joel Burnett, Southborough, May 19, 1843. Art. II. The London Horticultural Society's Catalogue of Fruits. 3o? Editum. With notices of all the principal varieties ejiumerated since the 2d Edition., and other Re- marks. By the Editor. Strawberries. No task has been more difficult to the amateur fruit cul- tivator, than the selection of a list of strawberries suitable for a small garden. So many varieties have been produced from seed, and such a large number of them have been 292 London Horticultural SocUty's described in books on gardening, and in the catalogues of nurserymen, as possessing so many good qnalities, that the cuhivator has been quite confused while endeavoring to make a choice selection of eight or ten kinds. The Lon- don Horticultural Society, a long time ago, saw the evil which the cultivation of so great a number of kinds must inevitably produce, and, to render aid to the cultivator, Mr. Barnet, of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, of Scotland, by authority of the Society, divided the whole into classes, and accurately described fifty-four varieties, in Vol. VI. of its Transactions. This was in 1822. The first edition of the Society's Catalogue contains 07ie Jiundred and twenty-one varieties : the second, one hundred and twelve : but. in the third edition, the whole num- ber considered worthy of growth has been reduced to thirty-one, all of which we have noticed below. Even some of these may yet be discarded : but the labor of se- lecting a few fine sorts is now materially abridged by the limited number which are now recommended, compared with the Catalogue of I80I. It will be seen that all the varieties in the Classes IV and VI — the white and green strawberries — have been entirely discarded. In this country, great attention has been given to the cultivation of the strawberry, within a few years. The success which attended our efforts to introduce new varie- ties, by means of the production of seedlings, has been a great incentive to amateur cultivators to attempt the growth of new varieties; and since 1836, when ours was first brought into notice, many other seedlings have been raised, some of them promising considerable merit. It is well known, that many of the English varieties, though other- wise desirable sorts, are quite tender in our climate ; and, on this account, their cultivation is not to be recommended. To supply this deficiency has been a desideratum. It now, we believe, no longer exists, as we have seedlings which arc not only perfectly hardy, but of superior quali- ties, in all other respects, to any foreign varieties that have yet been fruited in our gardens. The continued production of seedlings, with a view to further improvements in size as well as flavor, we would constantly urge. The clforts of the late Mr. Knight, the raiser of tlie Do wnton and Elton, and Mr. Keen, the originator of the seedlina: which bears his name, are well known. Catalogue. Third Edition. 293 Previous to the production of these varieties, no remark- ably large strawberries were known. Even until within a year or two, these sorts have maintained their charac- ter as the best. It will thus be seen, how much we are indebted to the labors of these individuals for the improve- ment which has been effected in this most excellent fruit. If the experiments in raising seedlings are carefully conducted, we do not doubt but that superior varieties to any we possess may yet be produced. But these experi- ments must be conducted witli skill ; for though we believe that " like generally produces like," yet there are many exceptions to the rule. We once gave an amateur friend a few of the finest and largest berries we could find on a bed of our seedling : these he took home, and after washing out the seeds, planted them ; but in two years, when the plants came into bearing, the disappointment was complete. Not a berry of large size was to be found among all the plants, and they were destroyed as worth- less. We mention this, not to discourage others from making the attempt, but to prepare them for disappoint- ment should their expectations not be realized. For the cultivation of the strawberry, we must refer our readers to our previous Vols., (I. p. 299, and II. p. 89,) where they will find full directions for their successful growth. If our opinion should be asked, relative to a selection of sorts, as some of the American Seedlings are not included in the list below, we should advise planting the following : 1st. The Old Scarlet or Old Virginia, for its earliness, productiveness and good quality. 2d. Hoveys' Seedling, for its immense size, great pro- ductiveness, superior flavor and beauty. 3d. The Red and White Wood, for their general good qualities, and, above all, for the late period to which they continue to ripen. These constitute a sufllcient number for a small garden, afiording a good supply of fruit for six weeks. For larger collections, any of the sorts described below may be added, as well as the Phoenix strawberry, noticed in our Vol. VIII, p. 3.51. Class I. Scarlet Stawberries. 1. American Scarlet. — Form conical; 2d size ; 1st qual- 294 London Horticultural Society^ s ity; beginning to middle July. Requires plenty of room; leave tall ; fruit rich and sweet, coming in late. Syno- nyms : Black American New Roseberry New American Scarlet Thompson's Roseberry. [This variety is not known in this country; it is un- doubtedly a seedling variety from the Early Virginia, or from that and some other variety, crossed together. Its lateness must render it a valuable fruit.] 2. Bishop's Wick. — Form conical ; 1st size ; 1st quality ; end of June. 3. Black Roseberry. — Form roundish ; 1st size; 2d qual- ity ; end June, beginning July. Of a line dark shiny color; a good bearer. Syno?iym : Black Round-Fruited Roseberry. [This variety has not, to our knowledge, ever been cul- tivated in this country. It is figured in the Pom. Mag., where it is stated to have been raised from seed, by John Williams, of Pitmaston, from the common Roseberry, im- pregnated with the Early Pitmaston Black.] 4. Conl Late Scarlet. — Form ovate; 1st size; Istquality; beginning to middle July. An excellent late sort ; a good bearer. Synoni/m . Sir George Mackenzie's Late Scarlet. 5. Garncstone Scarlet. — Form roundish ; 1st size ; 1st quality ; end June, beginning July. 6. Grove End Scarlet. — Form depressed spherical ; 1st size; 2d quality ; middle to end of June. Very handsome, and most abundant bearer. Synonym : Atkinson's Scarlet. [We formerly cultivated this variety, or one which we obtained under this name ; but it did not prove equal to the Early Virginia. It might not have been true.] 7. Melon. — Form roundish; 2d size; 1st quality; end June. A good bearer ; dwarf. [A few years ago we cultivated one called the Melon; but it was a strawberry of the first size. We believe it was one of the parents of our seedling, as mentioned in our Vol. VI., p. 293.] 8. Old Scarlet. — Form roundish ; 2d size ; 1st quality ; middle to end of Jime. Valuable for its earliness. but more Catalogue. Third Edition. 295 especially for the confectioner, on account of its fine color. Synonyms : Scarlet Old Bath Scarlet (of some) Early Scarlet Orange or Irish (of the Dutch) Original Scarlet Ecarlate Virginian Ecarlate de Virginie Scarlet Virginian De Virginie. [This is our well known Early Virginia, which name should be cancelled for the Old Scarlet. "We shall ourselves adopt it hereafter.] 9. Roseberry. — Form conical ; 1st size ; 1st quality; end June, beginning July. Well known as a very abundant bearer, continuing late in succession. Synonyms: Rose Aberdeen Seedling Scotch Scarlet Prolific Pine Aberdeen Brickley Scarlet. [An excellent variety, considerably cultivated around Boston, and worthy a place in a large collection.] 10. Southboroiigh. — Form roundish; 1st size; 2d qual- ity ; beginning July. A good bearer; large, but not fine. Synonym : Marshall's Seedling. [Much cultivated at the South, particularly around Wash- ington, for the market. We cultivated a bed of it about seven years since.] Class II. Black Strawberries. 11. Downton. — Form ovate; 1st size; 1st quality; be- ginning to middle July. The best of this class of straw- berries, all its properties taken into consideration. Syno- nyms : Knight's Seedling Knight's, No. 7, Hort. Trans. Knight's Strawberry [A shy bearer with our cultivation. We never knew but a small number of persons who could procure a good crop. In 1835 we had a bed of it, but on the production of our seedling we gave up the growth of the Downton. We could not get a crop of fruit.] 12. Elton.— Form ovate; 1st size; 1st quality; middle to end July. A great bearer ; valuable as a very late sort. Synonym : Elton Seedling. [Mr. Knight raised this fine variety, and gave plants of 296 London HortlcuUural Society's it to the London Horticultural Society; but it was not tiH it fruited in their garden that its merits were ascertained. Mr. Knight accidentally overlooked its good qualities.] 13. Myaii-s Pine. — Form ovate; 2d size; 1st quality; end June. Very rich, but diliicult of cultivation. [It appears, from the English publications, that but very few persons succeed in procuring a crop of fruit of this variety. May it not be owing to the deficiency of one or the other of its sexual organs ?] Class III. Pine Strawberries. 14. British Queen, Myatt's. — Form roundish; 1st size; 1st quality ; end June. Very large and good ; bears abund- antly. [This has just been introduced, and its excellence has not yet been proved in our climate. A full description of it has already been given in our pages. (Vol. VII., p. 378.) 15. Dwarf White Carolina. — Form roundish ovate ; 1st size; 3d quality; end June, beginning July. The syno- nyms attached to the Round White Carolina are also appli- cable to this, with the exception of the last. 16. Eliza., MyatCs. — Form ovale : 2d size : 2d quality ; middle June. 17. Keens Seedling.- — Form roundish : 1st size ; 1st quality: middle to end of June. Excellent and produc- tive ; one of the very best for general cultivation and for forcing. Synonyms : Keen's new Seedling Keen's Black Pine Keen's new Pine Murphy's Child, 18. Old Pine or Carolina. — Form ovate; 1st size; 1st quality ; end June, beginning July. As a solid, juicy, and peculiarly rich fruit, it is exceeded by none; Keen's Seed- ling is earlier, more productive and profitable for the mar- ket ; but its cultivation, on these accounts, ought not to supersede that of the Old Pine, the superior quality of which entitles it to be strongly recommended. Synonyms : Pine Blood Pino Carolina Pyne Hill Scarlet Pine Grandiflora Old Scarlet Pine Black Pine Old Carolina BordsdorfT Common Carolina Surinam or Scarlet-fleshed Carolina Pine Superior Large Carolina Show's Scarlet. Catalogue. Third Edition. 297 [Though this is one of the oldest, and best English, va- rieties of the strawberry, we have never yet seen it in cul- tivation, or even known of the introduction of the true sort.] 19. Round White Carolina. — Form roundish or irregu- larly ovate; 1st size; 2d quality; end June, beginning July. Fruit large ; and being white, with sometimes a blush of red, it makes a pleasing variety. Syyionyms : Carolina White Chili White Carolina Large White Chili White Pine Large Pale Chili Large Blush Pine Large Flesh-colored Chili White Bath Cone Red and White Bath Globe Large White Conical White Carolina. ChiU 20. Sioai7isto7ie' s Seedling. — Form ovate ; 1st size; 1st quality ; end June. Bears abundantly, and sometimes a second crop in the autumn. 21. Turner's Pitie. — Form ovate ; 1st size ; 2d quality ; end July. Cultivated only for its lateness. Class V. Hautbois Strawberries. 22. Black Hautbois. — Form ovate ; 1st size; Istquality; end June, beginning July. Synonym : New Hautbois. 23. Globe. — Form roundish ; 2d size ; 2d quality ; end June, beginning July. Synonyms: Caperon Ordinaire Danish. Antwerp or Musk 24. Large Flat. — Form roundish; 1st size ; 1st quality; end June, beginning July. Abundant bearer; retains its characters better than the other sorts. Sy?ionyms : White Formosa Bath Lowder's Salter's Weymouth. 25. Prolific or Conical. — Form conical ; 1st size ; 1st quahty; end June, beginning July. Flowers the largest of the class, receptacle broad ; stamens long, persisting round the base of the fruit even to the period of its maturity ; one of the best. Sytionyms : VOL. IX. NO. VIII. 38 298 London Horticultural Society's Double Bearing Sacombe Hermaphrodite Sir Jos. Banks's Hudson's Bay (of some) Spring Grove Musk Caperon Royal Regent's Caperon Hermaphrodite. Dwarf [The most commonly cultivated, as well as one of the best, of the Hantbois. This class of strawberries is not so well appreciated as it should be ; the high musky flavor of the berries is to us a great recommendation.] 26. Round- Fruited Muscatclle. — Form roundish; 3d size; 1st quality ; beginning July. A variety of the Globe ; high flavored. Class VII. Alpine or Wood Strawberries. 28. Red Alpine. — Form conical; 1st size; 1st quality; June to November. Sy7iony7ns : Des Alpes a Fruit Rouge Des Alpes de quatre saisons a Des Alpes de tous les mois a Fruit Rouge Fruit Rouge Alpine Rouge Des Alpes de deux saisons a . Scarlet Alpine Fruit Rouge Prolific Alpine. 29. Red Wood. — Form roundish; 1st size; 1st quality; end June and July. Syiionyms : Commun Rouge Des Bois k Fruit Rouge. Commun a Fruit Rouge 30. White Alpine. — Form conical ; 1st size ; 1st quality ; June to November. Syno7iyins : Des Alpes de tous les mois a Des Alpes a Fruit Blanc Fruit Blanc Des Alpes de quatre saisons a Des Alpes de deux saisons a Fruit Blanc Fruit Blanc Alpine Blanc. 31. White Wood. — Form roundish; 1st size; 1st quali- ty ; end June and July. Synonyms: Commun Blanc Des Bois a Fruit Blanc. Commun k Fruit Blanc It will be seen that the Metlivcn and Bishop's orange are among the number discarded. Several years since we decided that the Methven was unworthy of growth, and the cultivation of the Bishop's orange, for three seasons, has also convinced us that it is equally unworthy a place in a collection, when there arc so many superior sorts. Catalogue. Third Editioti. 299 The following are the varieties which, "having been ascertained to be of an inferior quality, are no longer culti- vated in the Society's garden." CLASS I. SCARLET. Autumn Scarlet Bishop's Seedling Black Cone Black Hudson's Bay Carmine Scarlet Charlotte Cinnamon Scarlet Clustered Scarlet Cockscomb Scarlet Copper-leaved Roseberry Diack's Seedling Dudson House Scarlet Duke of Kent's Scarlet Early Globe Globular Hudson's Bay Golden Lemon Scarlet Grange Hudson's Bay Grimstone Scarlet Hudson's Bay Knight's late Scarlet Lewisham Scarlet Lynedock Seedling Methven Scarlet Morrisania Scarlet Nairn's Scarlet Narrow leaved Scarlet Oblong Scarlet Orange Hudson's Bay Pine Roseberry Pitmaston Black Scarlet Red Finger Round Fruited Scarlet Scone Scarlet Sir Joseph Banks's Scarlet Slough Scarlet Solid Scarlet Vernon's Scarlet Wilmot's late Scarlet. CLASS II. BLACK. Gibb's Black Seedling Knight's Scarlet Fleshed Pitmaston Black Old Black Sweet Scone. CLASS III. PINE. Bath Scarlet Black Prince Bostock Bullock's Blood Chinese Dutch Glazed Pine Keen's Imperial Knevett's New Pine Large Black Seedling Mulberry Red Cone Surinam Taylor's New Emperor Variegated Pine Webstere. CLASS IV. CHILI. Black Chili Large Blush Chili Pine Chili Red Chili Scarlet Chili True Chili Wilmot's Superb Yellow ChiU. CLASS V. HAUTBOIS. Brown Hautbois Common Hautbois Long Fruited Muscatelle Russian Swedish. CLASS VI. GREEN. De Bergamot Bresling d'Angleterre Caucasian Vineuse de Champagne Williams's Green Pine. CLASS VII. WOOD. American Alpine Double Blossomed De Montreuil a Fruit Blanc One-leaved Bush Alpine, Red Bush Alpine, White. 300 Grafting the Grape Vine. Art. III. Grafting the Grape Vine. By James Camak, Esq., Athens, Ga. In the Magazine of Horticulture for June. (Vol. IX., p. 233,) there is a brief article on " Grafting Grape Vines." The writer says, that instead of removing an old vine to make room for another, "afar better way is to select a shoot, as low as possible on the old vine, and to inarch it with another kind from a pot or from a neighboring plant." There is another mode, described as Mr. Donald's. It is particularly described by Mr. Loudon, in his Suhurbaii Horticulturist, page 291, fig. 205. But it requires, as the one just mentioned does, great care in selecting the stock, and the time for the operation ; as well as in fitting thie bud of the scion, so as to be opposite to, and above a bud on the stock, &c., &c. These modes both require a degree of nicety and exact- ness in the manipulation, and an amount of trouble that we are not to expect to find any one willing to encounter, except professional gardeners or practical amateurs ; and, to these circumstances, and the length of time required to rear a vine from a cutting in the ordinary way, we must attribute the fact that this most wholesome and delicious fruit has not been more extensively cultivated in the United States. Something, no doubt, is also due to the fact, that the blast, or rot, has been so fatal, especially to the Euro- pean varieties that have been introduced and tried. All these impediments, 1 think, can be removed. As to grafting ; — nothing is more simple if the right mode be adopted. Cut off the old vine below the surface of the earth, after the leaves are fully expanded, and all danger of bleeding is past. Split the stock as in cleft grafting. Insert the scion, consisting of one year old wood, and having two or three buds, having first cut the end to be inserted in a wedge-like shape. If the stock close firmly on the scion, tieing is unnecessary. If it do not close firmly, then it must be bound up tight. Draw the earth up around the whole, leaving the bud mainly depended on, usually, the second from the top, just even with tlie sur- face, and the work is done. The after management con- Grafting the Grape Vme. 301 sists in taking off the sprouts that rise from the stock, those that spring from the scion, all but one, and training that up carefully as it grows. No tree is so easily propagated, by grafting, as is the vine in this way. No clay, or wax, or adhesive plaster is wanted. No special care is required to fit bark to bark, as in other cases. Indeed, it is said that the scion may be put in the centre of the stock, and it will grow just as well as if bark were adjusted to bark — though this I have not tried. I have always put the scion on one side of the stock ; and, to insure success, I have usually, when the stock would admit of it, put in two scions, one on each side of the cleft, (Loudon, fig. 201,) but never have taken any especial care to make bark fit to bark. I have tried wrapping with waxed paper, and then drawing up the earth, as before mentioned, but have found success far more certain when this was omitted. As to the time, I must repeat, tliat it is essential that the operation be per- formed after the leaves of the stock are fully expanded^ and all danger of bleeding is over. I am informed, however, by one who has tried it. that success by this mode is just as certain, if the operation is performed before the sap begins to rise. This I have not tried, except in one or two instances, in which I took up the stock, grafted it as above described, and then planted it where I wanted it. On the 1st of June, of this year, I put a scion of the Gros Maroc in the root of a wild vine. It has now (June 30th,) grown about two feet. I have had scions grow, Avhen put on strong roots, fully fifteen or twenty feet in one summer, and invariably produce good crops the second year. A white grape from France, the name of which I do not know, worked on the root of the vigorous growing fox grape of our woods, produced abundantly the second year, while cuttings of the same grape, treated as cuttings usually are, grew very slowly, and were five years in com- ing to a bearing state. The delicate foreign varieties, I have invariably found to be wonderfully strengthened by being worked on the roots of our strong native kinds. In propagating by cuttings, I have tried long cuttings, short cuttings, and single eyes ; and with due deference to Mcintosh, who quotes Speech! y with approbation, I must insist, that single eyes succeed with much less certainty than cuttings. I greatly prefer short cuttings, inserted in 302 Floricidtural and Botanical Notices pots, put on moderate bottom heat, in January, and planted where they are to remain in April. I have vines that are now four and a hall" feet high, from cuttings inserted last January, and managed in tliis way. If these suggestions shall aid in the extension of the cul- ture of the grape, my purpose in sending tliem to you will be answered. Hereafter I may send you some remarks on the prevention of blast, if you shall think it worth my while to write them out. [We shall be much gratified to receive them. — Ed.\ Athens, Ga., June 30, 1843. James Camak. Art. \\. Flo7'icult2iral and Botanical Notices of New Plants, figured in foreign periodicals ; loitJi Remarks on those recently introduced to, or originated in, American gardens, and additional information iipon jplants already in cultivation. Edwards's Botanical Register, or Ornamental Flower Gar- den and Shrubbery. Ii^ach number containing from six to eight plates; with additional miscellaneous information, relative to new plants. In monthly numbers ; 3s. plain, 3s, 6^. colored. Paxtoji's Magazine of Botany, and Register of Flowering Plants. Each number containing four colored plates. Monthly, 2s. 6d. each. Edited by J. Paxton, gardener to the Duke of Devonshire. The Gardener''s Chronicle, a stamped newspaper of Rural Economy and General News. Edited by Prof. Lindley. Weekly. Price 6(/. each. Floricultural and Botanical Intelligence. Tecoma jas- minoides. — This new and superb climber, which we men- tioned in our last No. (p. 268,) as in flower at our new conservatory, has also been magnificently in bloom in the collection of T. Lee, Esq., Brookline. The plant is much larger than ours, having been planted out in the border, and it now covers a space of fifty or more square feet. Some of Neiv Plants, 303 of the racemes numbered as many as seventeen flowers each, and the great number which were expanded at once made a rich display ; its pure white trumpet-shaped flow- ers, with their delicate rosy-colored throats, contrasting finely with the smooth and deep green waxen foliage, by which they are relieved. It is, without doubt, the finest greenhouse climber that has been lately introduced. Achimeiies longiflbra., which we also noticed at p. 268, is now in bloom at the conservatory of the Public Garden in Boston. It is, as Dr. Lindley has described it, (Vol. VIII. p. 297,) the " gayest of our stove herbaceous plants," and yields to nothing which has been imported to England within the last twenty years, "except the Wistaria sinen- sis." The plant is compact in its growth, with foliage so delicate that one can scarcely believe the flowers belong to it. In shape they somewhat resemble the white petunia, but the color is the softest caerulean blue. It must be in every good collection of plants." Interesting Plants of New England. — Our correspondent, E. Tuckerman, Jr., has an excellent article in the last No. of Silliman's Journal., containing observations on many rare or otherwise interesting plants of New England. It occupies several pages, and will be found valuable to all botanical students. NeiD Species of Plants. — Mr. S. B. Buckley, in the same Journal, has described several quite new plants, whose locations were discovered during a recent "botanical tour through the mountains of Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee and Carolina. Among the number noted as new are Strep- topus mac ulatus i>/^cA:. iSmilax grandiflora Buck. 3 species of Phacelia, 2 Andromedas, Angelica Curtisu Buck. A^rum polymorphum Buck. 3 species of Carex, Diervilla sessiliflo- ra Buck. Hypericum graveolens Buck. Scuttellaria arguta Buck. Faccinium hirsutum Buck. Zizia pinnatifida Buck. Thalictrum debile Buck. Pxis Duerinckii Buck. Justicia laetevirens Buck. Malva LeContw Buck. Pteris alabamen- sis Buck. Phlox glutinosa Buck. Botanical Collections in the West. — Three enterprising botanists are now making collections in the far West, and their dried specimens will be offered to subscribers, in sets, as they come to hand. Two of these collectors, Mr. Chas. A. Geyer and Mr. Luders, who are for the present attached to Sir Wm. Stewart's party, have already reached the Rocky 304 Ploricidtural and Botanical Notices Mountains. The particular field of Mr. Geyer's operations, and the extent of his journey, were undecided at the time of his departure from St. Louis. Mr. Luders expects to spend the next winter, and perhaps the ensuing summer, at a station of some Roman Catholic missionaries, on the upper waters of Lewis and Clarke's or Great Snake river. These botanists being well acquainted with the vegetation of the general valley of the Mississippi and of Lower Mis- souri, will doubtless avoid the common and better known plants of this region, and thus their collections may be ex- pected to prove unusually choice and valuable. The third collector. Dr. Lindheimer, a very assiduous botanist, intends to devote a i^w years to the exploration of Texas, and he pledges himself to exclude from his sets all the common plants of the South Western United States. The collec- tions will be assorted, distributed, and for the most part ticketed by Dr. Englemann, of St. Louis ; he will also be assisted by Drs. Torrey and Gray. 'J'he three explorers are entirely independent of each other, and their collections are to be separately subscribed for. The price of the Rocky Mountain collections of Geyer or of Luders is fixed at ten dollars (or two guineas) per hundred ; that of Dr. Lindheimer's Texan collections at eight dollars (or £\. 13s. 6d. sterling) per hundred, payable on delivery of the sets, at St. Louis by Dr. Englemann, at New York by Wiley and Putnam, and Prof. Gray, at Cam- bridge, Mass., to Avhom subscribers may address them- selves; {postpaid) by mail. — (Silliman's Journal iox July.) GrossidacefB. RIBES iiWy'iAam Paxt. Whitish flowered currant. A hnrdy shrub ; growing four feet high ; with uhili^!h flowers; a eeedlins production; increased by cuttings and layers; grown in any good soil. Pax. Mag. Bot. Vol. X. p. 55. The red flowering currant {Rlbes sanguineum) is well known as one of the most ornamental shrubs, though yet but little cultivated in the vicinity of Boston. The present subject is said to be a seedling production of that species, and is like it in most respects. " The flowers are of a very delicate French white, with a pink eye," and the racemes are more profuse than in the former. It forms a beautiful contrast with the sanguineum, and, being easily grown, is a very desirable acquisition. It will thrive in almost any soil. (Pax. Mag. Bot. April.) of Neio Plants. 305 Loasacea. SCYPHA'NTHUS. elegans Eie«;ant Scyphanthus. A hardy annual; running four feet high; with yellow flowers ; appearing all summer; a native of Chili ; increased by seeds ; grown in common soil. Past. Mag. of Bot. Vol. X. p. 3. Synonyms. Loisa voliibilis, Gramatociirpus volubilis. This plant was first imported from Chili in 1S29, but was afterwards lost, and has recently again been intro- dnced from the same place. It is a neat and pretty low running annnal, well adapted for training to trellises in pots, and ornamenting the greenhouse or open garden in summer. The foliage is pinnatified, and the flowers are " large, copious, and of a lively yellow tint." It should be treated as an annual — that is, sow the seeds in frames and transplant to pots or the open air in May. The plants do best trained spirally around six stakes, about four feet high. (Pax. Mag. Bot. Feb.) Melastomdeccc. MEDINI'LLA Pazl. erythropliyllH. Paz*. Reddisli-Ieaved Medinilla. A greenhouse shrub; growing three or four feet high ; with deep pinli flowers; appearing in June and July; a native of the East Indies ; increased by cuttings ; grown in turfy mould and heath soil. Pax. Mag. Bot. Vol. X. p. 79. " A free-growing, handsome shrub," introduced from the East Indies, where it was found by the Duke of Devon- shire's collector, Mr. Gibson, on tlie Himalayan Moun- tains." The flowers " appear in clusters on the lower and naked portions of the stem or branches, and are not much unlike that of a peach, but less spreading or cup-shaped ;" the stamens are of a deep rich purple. The treatment of the plant is easy. Cuttings root readily in loam and sand, under a hand glass. In the summer season it requires an abundance of water. (Pax. Mag. Bot. May.) Legiiminosm. HO^VEjJ. piingena var. mijor. Large pointed-leaved Hovea. A greenhouse plant ; growing one foot high ; with blue and purple flowers ; appearing in May and June. A native of Swan River; increased by cuttings; grown in ioam, heath-mould and sand. Pax. Mag. Bot. Vol. X. p.51. We are not aware that scarcely a single species of Hovea is cultivated to any degree of perfection in this country. No plants are more ornamental in the greenhouse, and if once seen, we are sure they would always be greatly sought after. H. Cels/i and pungens are two of the finest kinds. The present subject is a large variety of the latter, and is a " particularly handsome object when in flower, and VOL. IX. — NO. vm. 39 306 Floricultural and Botanical Notices merits most extensive culture." It is grown like the others in loam, heath mould and sand, and is readily increased by cuttings planted in sandy earth. Avith a slight bottom heat. (Pax. Mag. Bot. April.) Chorizema. spartioides. Broom-liko Chorizonia. A gipenliouso pliint ; growing six inches high ; with yellow Jind reil flowers ; appearing in March and April ; a native of New Holland ; increased by cutting!) ; grown in heath-mould and loam. Pux. Mag. Bot. Vol. X. p. 127. An interesting greenhouse plant, raised from New Hol- land seeds some years ago. " It grows with a short stem, and then spreads out its branches horizontally, or in a partly drooping style, and when well cultivated forms a low and compact bush, studded with its fine yellowish flowers. It requires to be potted in very fibrous and open heath mould and loam, with the base of the stem, whence the roots pro- ceed, left a little exposed, and raised above the pot. The shoots must be frequently shortened to make a compact and neat habit. (Pax. Mag. Bot. July.) Bego7m.Q.QcQ. BEGO'N/.^ coccinea Paxt. Scarlet-flowered Begonia. A stovo plant; growing ten feet high ; with scarlet flowers ; appearing a greater part of the year ; a native of Brazil ; increased by cut- tings j grown in light rich loam and leuf-mould. Pax. Mag. Bot. Vol. X. p. 73. A showy species of the Begonia, lately introduced from Brazil, and flowered for the first time in the fall of 1S42, wnth Messrs. Yeitch & Son, of Exeter. Its habit is similar to the other species, but it branches liberally, and produ- ces " a great quantity of its elegantly nodding panicles of flowers," the deep scarlet hue of which render it one of the " finest features of the stove." It is easily propagated by cuttings, and the plants, when rooted, should be potted in rich loam of a light and fibrous nature, mixed with about a third of decayed manure or leaf-mould. When growing, it demands a large supply of water, bnt the drain- age should be good, so as to allow it to pass ofl" readily. (Pax. Mag. Bot. May.) Campamdacea.. CAMPA'NULA grindis Lnrgo bell Flower. A half-hardy herbaceous plant ; growing three to four feet high; with hliio flowers ; appearing in August; increased by division of the roots; grown in any good soil. Pax. .Mag. Bot. Vol. X. p. 31. A fine herbaceous plant, possessing " all the beauty of the favorite C. pyramidtdis, and is even more showy, on account of the large foliage and greater dimensions of its of New Plants. 307 flowers." It also has a habit of which the pyramidaHs is deficient, of blooming abundantly in small pots when the plants are not over a foot high. Its native country is un- known. It was sent to England from St. Petersburgh under the above name. The flowers are usually two and a half inches across, and sometimes as much as three inches. As regards cultivation, it may be kept in pots and wintered in a cold frame, and then turned out into the border. Perhaps in our climate it might stand through the winter in the open ground, Avith little covering of leaves, &c. The best means of multiplying it is to divide the roots. (Pax. Mag. Bot. March.) Lobelikcedd. LOBE^LA/J erinus viir. grandiflora. Large-flowered Lobelia. An herbaceous pliinf ; growing six inches high; with blue flowers ; appearing all summer; increased by seeds and cuttings j grown in common soil. Pax. ftlag. Bot. Vol. X. p. 75. Beautiful for either the greenhouse or garden. "For rustic wooden baskets on lawns, for shallow ornamental pots or pans to suspend from the roof, or placed on elevated shelves of greenhouses, and even for putting out in patches in the front of the commoner borders, or for forming an edging by the sides of walks in conservatories, there is hardly a prettier or more interesting object in the whole range of easily cultivated flowers of a dwarf habit." It is perennial, and needs the protection of the cold frame in winter. Its origin not being known, it is doubtful whether it can be perpetuated by seeds ; but it roots from cuttings or by layering the stems. (Pax. Mag. Bot. May.) CinchondcefB. MANE'TTM bicolor Two-colored Mannettia. A greenhouse climber ; growing six feet high ; with red and yellow flowers ; appearing from March to June ; a native of Rio Janeiro; increased by cuttings ; grown in loam, heath-mould aud sand. Pax. Max. Bot. Vol. X. p. 27. To us this species seems less beautiful than the M. cor- difolia. It has stronger stems and broader foliage, but the flowers are very much smaller than that species: to make up for this deficiency, it has a greater profusion of blos- soms, and the deep scarlet shade of its corols, passing oflf through a bright yellow, give it a peculiarly lively and pleasing aspect. It was introduced from Rio Janeiro, by Messrs. Veitch & Son, who flowered it and exhibited plants last season, at the June show of the London Horticultural Society. It is not a suitable plant for turning out into the 308 Floj'icultural and Botanical Notices border of the conservatory, but should be kept in a pot, and trained to a trellis two feet high. Cuttings root easily in bottom heat. (Pax. Mag. Bot. March.) ApocynacecB. ECniTES s|)16ndeiis Part. Splendid Ecliites. A stove climlier ; growing ten or twelve feet liigh ; with pale pink flowers ; appearing in Juiy ; a native ol' Brazil ; increased liy cuttings ; grown in loamy soil. Pax. Mag. Bot. Vol. X. p. 2.5. A noble plant, "eclipsing a greater part of the many beautiful climbers already introduced. Its habit is luxuri- ant, and the leaves of an unusual size ; the flowers are borne in large clusters, and expand only one or two at a time ; are exceedingly lovely, their tint being a light blush, which deepens towards the margin and in the cen- tre, but the variations are so gentle and gradual as to be highly delightful;" the flowers are from three to four inches broad, with a slight undulation in the petals. It was introduced from Brazil, but was found at such an elevation on the Organ Mountains that it is supposed a warm green- house temperature would suit it. It climbs rapidly, and is suited to a column or rafter of the house. It blooms from July to October, after which period the leaves fall, and the plant remains in a dormant state until February. It pre- fers a loamy soil, and may be multiplied by cuttings in the usual way. From the drawing, it promises to be a mag- nificent addition to our collections. (Pax. Mag. Bot. March.) Gesne?rdcesi. COLL'MNF-^ splendens Splendid-flowered Columnea. A slovo plant; growing two feet high; with Bcartlet flowers ; appearing in autumn ; a native of Brazil ; increased by cuttings ; grown in turfy loam and well-decayed leaf-mould. Pax. Mag. Bot. Vol. X. p. 5. Synonyms. Coluinnea grandlflora, Neinal4iitlius Guilleminiina. A singularly splendid plant, a native of Brazil, received from the continent, where it obtained the name of the last synonym above. It grows two feet or more in height, and the lower part of the branches are covered with a nearly white smooth bark. " The foliage is thick and fleshy, something like that of lIoy« carnosa, but more elegant in figure, and of a particularly lively verdure. It is from the axils of these opposite leaves that one or more of the flow- ers .depend, on very long, slender, peduncles; the flower it- self large, open, and of the brightest scarlet, slightly spot- ted inside with blood-color, and drooping from a calyx. of New Plants. 309 whose fringed segments give them a loose and graceful ap- pearance. It should be potted in a mixture of turfy loam and well decayed open leaf-mould. It should be grown in a warm stove. (Pax. Mag. Bot. Feb.) DIGITALIS purpurea var. superba Superb Purple Fox-Glove. A hardy herbaceous plant; growing two feet high ; with pink and purple (lowers ; appearing in summer ; increased by division of tlie root; grown in any good soil. I'ax. Mag. Bot. Vol. X. p. 29. A new and remarkably fine variety of the common fox- glove, of a more dwarf and compact habit than its parent, with flowers of that delicate pink or blush hue so difficult to depict on paper, distinctly spotted with rich purple, each spot being surrounded with a narrow rim of pure white, altogether forming a " most attractive" plant. It was raised by Mr. Gaines, of Battersea, and obtained a medal at the June show of the London Horticultural Society. It continues in bloom all summer. (Pax. Mag. Bot. March.) Y ei'benaceoi. L.\NTA>NA crocea Copper-colored flowered Lantana. A greenhouse plant ; growing two or three feet high ; with deep yellow and red flowers ; appearing all summer ; a native of Wexico j increased by cuttings ; grown in good soil. Pax. -Mag. Bot. Vol. X. p. 53. A pretty species, raised from seeds received from Mexico, and supposed to be the old L. crocea, introduced in 181S ; it however has the appearance of L. mixta in several of its characteristics. '• It throws up from the axils of the leaves strong clusters of blossoms, which are arranged on stout, bold peduncles, and are peculiarly showy :" the color is deep rich red, shading ofi" to deep yellow in the centre of each corymb. It blooms as freely planted out in the open ground as the L. Sellowii, and becomes a compact, bushy plant, covered witli its elegant party-colored flo-\vers ; cut- tings root readily in loam and sand in bottom heat. (Pax. Mag. Bot. April.) Labiatea. SCUTELLA'RIA elegans Part. Splendid flowered Skull-cap. A greenhouse plant; growing a foot high; with scarlet flowers; appearing in autumn; a native of Mexico ; increased by cuttings; grown in loam and heath-mould. Pax. Mag. Bot. Vol. X. p. 99. An evergreen herbaceous or " subshrubby" plant, send- ing up numerous stems, which are terminated with loose spikes of scarlet flowers. The individual blossoms are rather small, yet the whole plant, when well grown, is " decidedly ornamental," The plants grow freely in loam 310 Domestic Notices. and heath soil, and require free watering when in a grow- ing state. (Pax. Mag. Bot. June.) jnp6nic.i Sicbcid Japan Skull-cap. A half-hardy herbaceous plant ; growing six inches high; with blue flowers; appearing in June; a native of Japan ; increased by division of the roots. Pax. Jlag. I!ot. Vol. X. p. ]23. "One of those pleasing little plants which grow only- four or five inches high," and hear a profusion of blos- soms throughout the summer. The flowers are produced in rather large spikes, at the ends of all the principal or lateral branches, and are of a handsome blue tint, prettily- spotted with a darker shade in the throat. It has been thus far treated as a frame plant, but we doubt not it will prove hardy, especially in our climate. It is supposed to have been among the plants brought from Japan by Dr. Siebold. Readily increased by cuttings, division of the root or by layers, (Pax. Mag. Bot. July.) MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Art. I. Domestic Notices. State of Horticulture in the Valley of Virginia. — I embrace the oppor- tunity of forwarding to you a few remarks, by Mr. Pope, of Indianapolis, Indiana, who is a member of the newly established Horticultural Society there. From a short acqiiaintance with him, I am glad to find that there is such a growing spirit for Horticulture in the West. The people in the remote parts of the country are beginning to see the utility and pleasure of attending more to Horticultural pursuits. In the Valley of Virginia, wlierc, a few years affo, the great portion of fruit trees were only seed- lings, and most of them of a very inferior description, they are now get- ting many of the choice varieties ; and there are now in the town of Win- chester, and the surrounding country, specimens of grapes, peaches, plums, &c., probably as good as any in the Union. There is also an in- creasing spirit for ornamental gardening, and numbers of our Virginia farmers are having their old established and splendid mansions improved, By having the grounds neatly laid off and planted out with choice orna- mental trees, roses, &c. &c. As regards our vegetable productions, they are abundant and generally of good quality ; it is true, that forcing is not carried to such an extent as near the large cities, but most articles are good in their season, and sometimes we have them a little in advance. The taste for flowering plants seems to be rapidly increasing, and although from the want of suitable places to grow them in, and perhaps at times from the want of knowledge, we fail in growing plants to the great- est perfection ; yet there appears a determination not to be discouraged, but try again, and I have no doubt in a few years the culture of green- house and hardy flowering plants will be successfully understood, for even Clncimiati Horticidttiral Society. 311 now there are some very good collections to be met with, and well culti- vated. As regards the climate of the Valley of Virginia, it is changeable, and sometimes unfavorable for tender plants in the winter and for the blossoms of fruit trees in the spring ; but with proper care success is almost certain, except in the case of peaches and other early fruit. This season there is an abundant crop. — T. Allen, Winchester, Va., June, 1843. Hoveys'' Seedling Strmvberry. — My letter being limited, I will only add a few words respecting your seedling strawberry, (Hoveys' Seedling.) I planted a single plant on a border in the spring of 1842 ; the nearest strawberries were seventy yards distant, and, in my opinion, could have no effect in impregnating the blossoms. The plant grew vigorous, and produced somewhere about sixty young plants the same year ; they re- mained during the winter in the same place, without being removed, and without any protection whatever. This season they produced what I would consider a full crop for the quantity of plants, and of large size ; one measured 2\ inches in circumference. I cannot go so far as to say that there might not be a greater crop were they planted close by another variety, but as to their not bearing at all, if kept apart from all others, must certainly be a mistake. My impression is, that it is one of the best strawberries in cultivation, and that there is no necessity for planting it either amongst, or close by, any other variety, to insure a crop, unless perfectly convenient to do so. — I remain, tvith respect, Thomas Allen, Winchester Gardens, Winchester, Va., June, 1843. Large Currants. — At an exhibition of the Cincinnati Horticultural So- ciety, July 15th, Mrs. A. H. Ewiug presented fine specimens of the Red and White Dutch Currants. Mrs. Ewing has paid particular attention to the culture of the Currant, and is one among the few who have been suc- cessful in making the Missouri Currant mature its fruit. Some of the specimens of Red Dutch Currants were on stems five inches long, with twenty-six berries on a stem, and all the stems ranged from twenty-two to twenty-six berries to each. — Ed. Hortiadtural Society in Northampton. — We perceive by a notice in the papers of Northampton, that a Horticultural Society is to be established in that flourishing town Northampton abounds in fine gardens, and we doubt not the amateur cultivators of that place will make the Society one of so much interest, as to afford, by its occasional exhibitions, great pleas- ure to the inhabitants. At the same time, the influence of such a Society would be felt throughout the western part of the State. — Ed. Art. H. Cincinnati Horticultural Society. Since the organization of this Society, it has held several very inter- esting exhibitions, reports of which have appeared in the Cincinnati daily papers. One of them, now before us, contains the report of the Commit- tee appointed to award premiums for strawberries and cherries, offered for premium, at the show held June 18th. As it is quite interesting, we believe it will be read with pleasure. We copy it entire : 312 Cincinnati HortimUiiral Society. REPORT : In ra:ikin(T a report on the first Exhibition of Fruits by this Society, the Committee feel the delicacy of their position, and the extreme difficulty in deciding so as to give universal satisfaction. They will endeavor to confine themselves to facts in which there was no difference of opinion, and discharge their duties with impartiality. The seedling strawberry exhibited, by Mr. Mottier, was originated by himself from the seeds of the Hudson. It is, therefore, a Western fruit, and deserves particular notice. The berry is large and splendid in appear- ance, resembling botii the Hudson and Keen's Seedling ; its flavor is de- licious, and as a bearer it ranks fully as high as either Hoveys' or Keen's Seedling. Hoveys' Seedling, exhibited by Mr. Jackson, was the largest specimen exhibited. This is a superior variety, of great repute in the East, rich in flavor and beautiful in appearance. Mr. J. also exhibited Keen's Seed- ling, a celebrated English variety, large and handsome, and of rich flavor, but a little inferior to Hoveys' Seedling. These two varieties were ex- hibited both by Mr. Jackson and Mottier ; the specimens by the latter were rather inferior in size. The Committee consider Mottier's Seedling, Hoveys' Seedling, and Keen's Seedling, as the three best varieties culti- vated in this vicinity, and may all three be well termed premium straw- berries. Two specimens of the La Grange strawberry were presented, one by Mr. Mottier and one from the garden of Rev. Mr. Bingham, of Mount Auburn. This variety was introduced from France, by Capt. Allen, of the U. S. Navy, to New York, and to this city by Ur. Mosher. Though of small size, it is of high, delicious flavor, and, to the taste of some, preferable to the other varieties. We recommend its culture, and are glad to know that several members are trying to raise new varieties from its seed, that may combine many good qualities. Pine Apple strawberries were presented by Mr. George Hill, of Mill Creek, and Mr. Mottier, of Delhi. They were large, of beautiful ap- pearance ; pale red color ; long necks ; rather acid, but good bearers. Other specimens of the above named varieties were presented by Mr. Bush and Mr. Berry, of Kentucky. The Committee have found it very difficult to determine the true names and synonyms of cherries, so little attention, comparatively speaking, has been paid here to the culture of the new and finer varieties. Mr. V. Walker, of Mount Auburn, and Mr. F. M. Meline, of Butler county, each presented specimens of what the Committee believe to be the Black Eagle of Mr. Knight, of England. Mr. Walker's were the finest and largest. Last year these cherries were sold in market in April, and the product of one of Mr. W.'s trees yielded $28. The specimens exliihited were of good size, rich flavor, very juicy and delicious, and decidedly the best shown this sea.son. The committee recommend its general cultiva- tion, as one of the earliest and best of cherries. Beautiful specimens of the Black Tartarian cherry were exhiljitcd by Capt. J. C. Culberston and Mr. P. Grandin, not quite ripe. This cherry enjoys the highest reputation in Europe and in the Atlantic States. The tree is of rapid, upright growtii, a prodigious bearer; fruit large, beauti- ful, and of good flavor. A most excellent cherry for the table or for market. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 313 Mr. R. R. Springer presented a beautiful specimen of what the Com- mittee believe to be the White Bigarreau cherry, not ripe. Dr. Flagg presented a fine specimen of Early Richmond, which was with difficulty distinguished from the Early May. It is of good size, very fair, entirely free from worms, a most excellent cooking cherry, and a great bearer. Dr. Wood and J. P. Foote also presented specimens of the same. A. H. Ernst, J. D. Saunders, Jacob Resor and Mrs. Strong presented some fine specimens of the Early May, which so nearly resembles the Early Rich- mond as not to require a description. Mrs. Dr. Mussey presented a spe- cimen of the Amber cherry, although not fully ripe, very rich, sweet and delicious, but rather small. The Committee recommend its cultivation. Mr. Bush, of Covington, presented what the Committee believe to be the Carnation cherry, a beautiful looking variety, but quite acid, said to be good for cooking. This Report is submitted with diffidence ; wanting as we do the expe- rience to arrange and classify the true names and synonyms of the new and finer varieties of Fruits. Time, and a good Library of modern Hor- ticultural works, will enable us to remedy these difficulties. For the Com- mittee, M. Flagg. — {Cincinnati Daily Gazette.) Art. III. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Saturday, July 1st, 1843. Exhibited. — Flowers: The exhibition to- day, especially of roses, was very fine ; yet it would have been much bet- ter had not the warm and dry weather brought forward the blooms so rap- idly, that in the interval since the last meeting, all the largest and best buds had expanded, and few were left now but the later and smaller ones. From Hovey & Co., a fine collection of named kinds, among which the following were some of the most beautiful : — Hybrid China — Brennus, Capitaine Sissolet, Chas. Louis, Columbienne, Coutard, Geo. IV., Glo- rieux, Mrs. Rivers, Holmes's Mandarin, Lascases, Madame de St. Her- raine, Yandael, Victoire des hybrides, &c. &c. French — Amiable Queen, Ariel, Bizarre Marbree, Champion, Diable Boiteux, Fanny Ellsler, Frank- lin, Sirrocco, Renoncule Ponctue, Aspasie, Eugene Napoleon, Guerin's Gift, &c. Alba — Naissance de Venus, Felicite Parmentier. Provence — Cabbage, Duchesne, Wellington. Damash — La Fiancee, Arlinde. Hy- brid Provence — Globe Hip, LTngenue. Boursault — Amadis or New Crimson, Red and Gracilis. Ayrshire — Rivers's Queen, Alice Gray and Rose Angle. Rubifolia — Queen of the Prairies ; also two plants of the elegant new annual, the Swan River Daisy, (Brachycome iberidifolia) covered with flowers. From Jos. Breck & Co., a handsome collection of roses. From S. R. Johnson, a fine collection of hardy roses, and a splendid display of China and Noisette varieties, among which was a quantity of beautiful speci- mens of the Jaune Desprez. S. Walker exhibited a fine collection of pinks of several varieties ; also fine specimens of the Queen of Prairies VOL. IX. — NO. VIII. 40 314 Massachusetts Horticulfwal S'ocicfy. rose, and large bouquets. From W. Meller, Cereus speciosissimus, pinks and other flowers. From J. A. Kenrick, roses, and a rich collec- tion of hardy flowering shrubs and plants. From W. Wales, a variety of roses. From W. Kenrick, a variety of flowers. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Pickwick, Le Grand Baudine, Sir F. Johnstone, and other dahlias, very good for the season. An excellent specimen of Regina, from P. Barnes. From the President of the Society, a large collection of fine specimens of roses, embracing fifty or more kinds, and among them three or four varieties of moss. The premiums on roses and pinks were awarded at this meeting, as fol- lows : — Roses. Class I. — Hardy Kinds. For the best thirty dissimilar blooms, a premium of seven dollars, to Hovey & Co. For the second best thirty dissimilar blooms, a premium of five dol- lars, to S. R. Johnson. For the third best dissimilar blooms, a premium of three dollars, to Jos. Breck & Co. Class II. — Bourbon, Chinese, Tea and Noisettes. For the best display of flowers, a premium of four dollars, to S. R. Johnson. There was no competition for the second premium. Messrs. J. F. Allen and W. Wales, judges. Pinks. — For the best display of flowers, a premium of four dollars, to S. Walker. For the second best display, a premium of two dollars, to W. Meller. Messrs. S. R. Johnson and S. Sweetser, judges. Fruit : The exhibition of strawberries was unusually fine, and attracted much attention. The President of the Society exhibited a box of Hoveys' Seedling strawberry. J. F. Allen exhibited one box of large speci- mens of the same variety. Messrs. Hovey & Co. exhibited three boxes and one large basket of the same, which were nearly equal to any they have ever shown at the rooms ; also one beautiful basket of a new seed- ling variety, raised in 1834, at the same time of the other seedling, of large size and very productive ; trusses of the fruit of both seedlings were exhibited, shewing the number of berries in a single truss ; one box of Bishop's Orange strawberry, and two brace of cucumbers of the new sorts, tlie Superb Black Spine and Cuthill's Black Spine, each about six- teen inches in length. From J. F. Allen, Black Hamburgh, White Chasselas, Muscat of Alexandria, St. Micliael, Frontignac and Bar sur Aube grapes ; also peaches, figs and tomatoes. From J. C. Howard, a superb cluster of Black Hamburgh grapes ; also the Miller Burgundy and Cliasselas vari- eties. From Capt. Robbins, Methven Scarlet, Keen's Seedling and Royal Scarlet strawberries. From J. A. Kenrick, Black Tartarian cher- ries. From W. Kenrick, May apples; these specimens were received from Mr. R. Reynolds, of Smithfield, Va., and are quite early. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Methven Scarlet and Downton strawberries, and Down- ton cherries. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 315 July 8th. Exhibited. — Flowers : From the President, a fine flower of Z/ilium japonicum. From H. W. Button, several dahlias, among which were good flowers of Charles XII., Rouge et Noire, Miss Johnson, Mar- shal Soult, Constantia, Ne plus Ultra and President Von Litchenberg. P. Barnes exhibited an excellent bloom of Dahlia Regina. From S. R. Johnson, a fine display of Bengal, Noisette and other roses ; the speci- mens of Jaune Desprez were remarkably large and beautiful. From John A. Kenrick, honeysuckles, spira?a Kalmia latifolia, &c. From W. Kenrick, roses, and a variety of cut flowers. Hovey & Co. exhibited specimens of the Queen of the Prairies rose, and a variety of picotees and clove pinks, bouquets, &c. From S. Walker, large and showy bouquets. From Dr. J. C. Howard, bouquets. From J. F. Trull, H6y« carnosa, roses, verbenas, dahlias, &c. From J. L. L. F. Warren, dahlias, picotee pinks, bouquets, &c. J. Robinson exhibited a seedling white dahlia, which promises to be a superior variety. Fruits : Hovey & Co. exhibited one basket and six boxes of their seed- ling strawberry ; they were all fine, particularly the basket, which was filled with very large specimens. From O. Johnson, very large and hand- some specimens of a new cherry, called the Gros Cceur Bigarreau. From J. F. Allen, Muscat of Alexandria and Black Grape of St. Michaels ; Grosse Mignonne peaches, Hoveys' Seedling strawberries, black figs and tomatoes. From J. A. Kenrick, Black Tartarian and Carnation cherries, and Red Mulberries. From E. Yose, fine large and beautiful specimens of Black Tartarian and White Bigarreau cherries. From E. Tufts, Cam- bridgeport, handsome White Bigarreau cherries. From B. V. French, a cherry called the Elton, but which did not appear to be the true variety. From Dr. J. C. Howard, fine Black Hamburgh and Miller's Burgundy grapes, and Napoleon Bigarreau and Black Tartarian cherries. William Kenrick exhibited specimens of an apple called the May apple ; they were received from Mr. Richard Reynolds, of Smithfield, Va., and were accompanied with the following note from Mr. Kenrick : — " Saturday, July 8, 1843 : — I send you specimens of the May apple. A small fruit of a greenish yellow color, and pleasant subacid, and agreeable taste, and now perfectly ripe. These fruits were sent me by Richard Reynolds, Esq., from Smith- field, Virginia, by ship to New York, thence by steamboat and railroad. They were gathered previous to the 20th June, but they usually ripen at that place by the 20th May, in ordinary years. Mr. R. supposes they will, in good seasons, ripen at Boston usually by the 20th June. They are the earliest apple known, this being their chief recommendation. Numbers there are commencing their cultivation largely, for the Balti- more and Washington market, where the fruit sells quickly, on account of its early maturity. In March last, trees were received from the same source, also, of a new Red June Apple, which is stated to be much superior to any variety of Striped June Apple. Not so early, by three weeks, as the May apple, but as far superior to that in quality, as also in size and beauty. Its size being from medium to large, crimson next the sun, bright red in the shade ; flesh pale yellow, tender, delicious. — William Kenrick.''^ Vegetables : Fine specimens of the Bush or Scallop squash, from J. F. Trull; they were the first exhibited, and were large and well-grown for the early season, in the open air. 316 Massachusetts Horticidtiiral Society. July I5(h. Exhibited. — Flowers : From Jos. Breck & Co., a large and beautiful display of picotee pinks, some of them exceedingly fine. From J. F. Trull, verbenas, roses, dahlias, carnations, &c. From S. R. John- son, a variety of cut flowers, roses, &c. Dahlias from P. Barnes. From Hovcy & Co., clove and picotee pinks. From J. L. L. F. Warren, dah- lias and bouquets. Bouquets were also exhibited by Hovey & Co., S. Walker, W. Kenrick, and J. A. Kenrick. The premiums on carnations and picotees were awarded to-day : — For the best display of flowers, a premium of five dollars, to Jos. Breck & Co. For the second best display of flowers, a premium of three dollars, to S. Walker. For the best seedling picotee, a premium of two dollars, to Jos. Breck & Co. Messrs. C. M. Hovey and H. W. Button, judges. Fruit : From 0. Johnson, very handsome specimens of Sparhawk's Honeyheart, Black Tartarian, White Bigarreau and Gros Cceuret Bigar- reau cherries; also Cooledge's Favorite peaches. From S. Pond, Fran- conia Raspberries and Downer cherries. From N. D. Chase, Lynn, Black Tartarian cherries. From J. A. Kenrick, Black Tartarian, Red Ox-Heart and White Bigarreau cherries, and Red mulberries. From Dr. J. C. Howard, Napoleon cherries, fine White and Red Dutch currants, Black Hamburgh and Chasselas grapes. Hovey & Co. exhibited one box of the Ohio I'^ver-bearing raspberry and three new sorts of currants, viz. : the Long-bunched Red, Kniglit's Early Red and the White Grape ; also a small quantity of the Victoria raspberry. From John Hovey, goose- berries. From J. F. Allen, Black Hamburgh and St. Michael grapes, Grosse Mignonne peaches. Black figs, and a box of Hoveys' Seedling strawberry, being the third week he has exhibited this variety. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Napoleon Bigarreau, Black Tartarian, Sparhawk's Honey-heart and Carnation cherries ; also Nectarines. From Geo. Walsh, ten boxes of cherries of three sorts ; one supposed to be the Black Bigar- reau of Savoy, was the finest exhibited. The show of cherries may be considered as the finest ever made at the Society's Room. Vegetables : Hill's Early White potatoes, and Long Orange carrots, from A. D. Williams. Scallop squashes and good cucumbers, open cul- ture, from J. F. TruU. Juli/ 22(1. Exhibited. — Flowers : From Jos. Breck & Co., a fine dis- play of seedling pinks and picotees, some of them very beautiful. From J. Hovey, carnations of several sorts. From Hovey & Co., bouquets. From S. Walker, large bouquets. From S. R. Johnson, roses, verbenas, and other flowers. Bouquets were also exhibited by J. L. L. F. Warren, J. C. Howard and W. Kenrick. Fruits : The show of fruits was not so good to-day as last week, but the specimens of currants were fine. O. Johnson exhibited very hand- some Black Tartarian and White Tartarian cherries ; also Cooledge's Fa- vorite peaches, well grown. From J. F. Allen, St. Michael grapes, Grosse Mignonne peaches, Black figs and liergamot limes. A. D. Wil- liams presented some rcmarkal)ly largo and fine Red and White Dutch currants. From E. E. Bradshaw, Charlcstown, gooseberries and Fran- conia raspberries. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 317 Hovey & Co. exhibited four boxes of very large Franconia raspberries and one" box Ohio Ever-bearing raspberries. From Dr. J. C. Howard, Red and White Dutch currants, and handsome Black Hamburgh and Chasselas grapes. From S. G. Hyde, Newton, Hyde's Seedhng cher- ries. From B. Wheeler, Framingham, two sorts of seedling cherries. From S. R. Johnson, large gooseberries. From George Walsh, two kinds of cherries, very handsome. From Dr. Z. B. Adams, handsome cherries, supposed to be some variety of Bigarreau. Vegetables : From A. D. Williams, very large onions and Early Hill potatoes. July 29th. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day — the President in the Chair. Mr. Walker, from the Committee appointed at the last meeting, re- ported that it was expedient to hold an annual exhibition of Flowers and Fruits, in September next, and the following gentlemen were chosen a Committee of Arrangements, with full power to carry the same into effect, and to report, at the next meeting, on what days of the month the exhibition would be held. S. Walker, Chairman, B. V. French, O. Johnson, J. Stickney, J. A. Kenrick, C. M. Hovey, Joseph Breck, J. F. Allen, J. C. Howard, J. L. L. F. Warren, S. Pond, D. Haggerston, F. W. Macondry, C. New- hall. A letter was read from Rev. J. O. Choules, Secretary to the Board of Agriculture and Horticulure of the American Institute, N. Y., stating that five of the members of the Institute had been appointed a delegation to attend the exhibition in September next, viz. : Gen. James Tallmadge, President of the Institute, Gen. Johnson, President of the Board, Rev. J. O. Choules, Secretary, and Samuel Stephens and Philip Schuyler, Esqs. The Institute expressed a wish, that this Society would honor them with a delegation at the Fair in October next. Wm. Wales, of Dorchester, was admitted a subscription member. Adjourned two weeks, to August 13th. Exhibited. — Flowers : From S. R. Johnson, Jaune Desprez and other roses, picotees, hollyhocks, &c. From W. Meller, Nerium splendens, sweet peas and bouquets. From J. L. L. F. Warren, dahlias and bou- quets. From the Public Garden, a beautiful plant of the new and ele- gant Achimenes longiflora, with three or four large deep blue flowers fully expanded. It was one of the finest plants we have lately seen. From Capt. Lovett, handsome seedling picotees. Fruits : From B. V. French, Heath's Early Nonsuch apples, small, but very early and good. From O. Johnson, fine and highly colored Black Hamburgh and Zinfindal grapes : also Cooledge's Rareripe peaches and very large gooseberries. From J. Hovey, Black mulberries. From S. Glover, Roxbury, large gooseberries. From J. C. Howard, very large Black Hamburgh and Chasselas grapes. Red and White Dutch cur- rants, and Green Chisel pears. From J. F. Allen, Sweet Montmorency cherries, very fine Grosse Mignonne peaches and Black figs. From J. A. Kenrick, Belle Magnifique cherries. From Hovey & Co., Ohio Ever- bearing and Franconia raspberries. From Jos. Lovett, very large Fran- conia raspberries : also Seedling, Red, and White Dutch currants. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Franconia raspberries : also Seedling cherries. From A. D. Williams, superior Red and White Dutch currants. 318 Fancuil Hall Market. Art. IV. Faneuil Hall Market. Roots, Tubers, if- Potatoes : Chenangoes, Conunon,.... per harrel, per bushel, per barrel, per bushel, per barrel, per bushel, Eastports,... j New, per bushel Early White, . . . . Chenangoes, . . . • . Turnips, per bunch, . . . Onions : White, per bunch, . . . Rareripes, per bunch, . . Yellow, per bunch, . . . Yellow, per bushel, . . Beets, per bunch, . . . . Carrots, per bunch, . . . Radishes, per bunch, . . . Cabbao-es, Salads, (f-c. Cabbages, each : Early York, Early Dutch, Savoy, Lettuce, per head, . . . . Rhubarb, per poui\d, . . . String Beans, per bushel : Common, Cranberry, Shell Beans, per quart . . Peas, per bushel : . . . . Marrowfat, Corn, per dozen ears : Early White, . . . . Sweet, Celery, per root, . . . . Cucumbers, ())ickled) pr gal. Peppers (pickled) per gal. . From To Sets. Sets. 1 00 1 25 37i — 75 1 00 30 1 75 2 00 1 00 — 1 00 _ 1 25 _ 6 10 4 6 4 6 6 1 00 1 25 6 . 6 4 e 8 12^ 3 10 12i 2 4 2 — .50 1 75 12d 17 I 25 1 50 20 20 25 10 12.^ 25 37i — _ 50 17 20 C IS.i.i 6 12.'./ 3 — ii Squashes ancl Pumpkins. West India, per lb. . . Autumnal Marrow, per Ih. Hush-Squashes, ])er doz. Summer Crookiieck, pr doz Fruits. Apples, dessert and cooking Early Sour Bow, pr bush Early Sweet Bow, pr bush. Early Harvest, per bush. Common, per bush. . Dried apple, per lb. . Peaches, (forced,) per doz. Nectarines, (forced,) prdoz Green Gage Plums, per box, Pears, per peck : Jargonelle, .... Green Chisel, . . . Common, .... Whortleberries, per quart, Blackberries, per quart, Currants, jier quart: Red and White, . . Black,- Raspberries, per box, Franconia, .... Common, .... Thimbleberries, . . . Green Walnuts, per hund. Gooseberries, per quart, . Large, Small, Mulberries, per box, . . Tomatoes, per dozen, . Grapes, per pound : Black Hamburgh, . . White Sweetwater, . Figs, per doz Watermelons, each, . . Pine-apples, each, . . Cucumbers, per doz. Lemons, per doz. . . . ushel, lushel, r hund. From $ cts 2^ 6 25 1 75 1 75 2 00 1 75 3 3 00 3 00 37 20 12.i 50 17 10 25 1 00 5 1 00 50 12i 20 To $ cts. 3 2 00 2 00 2 00 4 10 10 50 25 17 75 20 12.i 31 25 GO 1 50 62^ 25 25 31 37i Pot and Sweet Herbs. Parsley, per half peck, . Sage, per pound, .... 17 20 (1i:uiL'>s,"]ior doz. ... 25 Marjorum, per bunch. Savory, per bunch, ... 6 12.^/ W ; Spearmint, per bunch, . . 3 — ii (;, j^ Remarks. — In our last report, we had occasion to remark, that vegeta- tion had, at that time, already began to suffei in ligiit and sandy soils, in consequence of a scarcity of rain. Since then scarcely any rain has fallen in the vicinity of Boston ; there have been one or two very light showers, but not sufficient to wet down the depth of an inch. It is now six weeks since the last heavy rain, and we have scarcely ever known a time when crops have suffered more severely. In many places the grass is entirely dried up ; the potato crop is also suffering greatly, and unless rain comes soon there will be a scanty product. The appearance is now Faneuil Hall Market. 319 of approaching showers, and every farmer will welcome them with feel- ings of the deepest joy. Vegetables. — A variety of new products have been brought in since our last. The old crop of many vegetables and fruits is giving place to the new, and considerable change will be noticed. Potatoes of the new crop are small and quite scarce, and command good prices ; old are most gone ; some chenangoes and Eastports remain, and the latter sell readily. Tur- nips are very scarce and in good demand. Onions are tolerably well sup- plied, though the prospect is that the crop will not be large. New beets and carrots are brought in in fair quantity, though not large. Radishes are now mostly out of the market. Cabbages are very scarce ; few crops have suffered more from the dry weather, and those of good size now sell at the high rates in our quotations. String beans are scarce. Peas are quite scarce, and prices have been high and variable all the month. New celery now comes to hand of fair size. Corn has been received from New York, but it now comes in from the vicinity. Rhubarb is l)ut little in de- mand since new apples have come in. Of squashes, there has been a fair stock of bush and summer crookneck, but the dry weather is now cutting the crop off, and prices have a tendency upward ; a few new autumnal marrows have just been received ; some West India's yet remain on hand. Fruit. — The stock of apples is now wholly, or nearly so, from New York and Virginia. The sorts consist principally of the Early Sour Bow and the Early Sweet Bow ; great quantities are sold daily ; a few Early Harvest, from Roxbury, have also made their appearance. Pears are now received from New York, and in great abundance ; among them, some very fine Jargonelles. Strawberries and cherries are gone. Forced peaches and nectarines are supplied in small quantities, and sell at our prices. Ripe gooseberries are abundant. Blueberries and whortle- berries, owing to the dry weather, are quite scarce, and command high prices. Tomatoes are now received in quantities from New York. A few arrivals of watermelons have kept up the stock. Pine apples are now very plentiful and good. Cucumbers are yet supplied mostly from New York, no less than the uncommon quantity of 175 barrels having been sold at one stall in the space of two weeks ; this shows to what an extent our market is supplied with early produce from the South. Grapes are now brought in more freely, and prices are a shade lower. The recent arrivals of prime lemons have again stocked the market. Raspberries have been quite scarce, and good Franconias command our highest quotations ; this variety is deserving of extensive growth for the market. In nuts of all kinds there is now but little doing. — M. T., Bos- ton, July 29th, 1843. HORTICULTURAL MEMORANDA FOR AUGUST. FRUIT DEPARTMENT. Grape Vines, at this season, if early started, will now have ripened their fruit sufficiently to cut. The vines will therefore only need but little 320 Horticultural Memoranda. care until after the crop is all gathered. Continue to look after the new wood, and lay it carefully in. Vines started later, without fire heat, will now be coloring their fruit, and will need more attention as to air, &c. Give an abundance, early, in fine weather, and close up the house in good season. Inarching vines with the young wood of the present season, as advised at p. 233, may be done now. Vines in the open air should be pruned of all superfluous wood, and well staked or tied to the trellis or wall. Young cuttings, in pots, should be repotted into the next size. Strawberry Beds. — August and April are the two best months to make new beds of strawberries, although the work may be done safely in Sep- tember and May. Plantations may be made this month. Old beds should not be allowed to run to weeds. Plum, Cherry, Apple and Pear Trees should be budded in August ; perhaps the earlier the better, unless the dry weather continues. Raspberry Plantations should be attended to, and fruit-bearing stems of last year pruned out as soon as the fruit is picked. Seeds of Fruit Trees, of all sorts, should be either planted or laid in the earth, to prevent their becoming too dry. FLOWER DEPARTMENT. T/ic Dahlias will soon get up so as to show an abundance of flower- buds. If insects trouble them, syringe with oil soap. Continue to tie up the shoots as they advance in growth. Camellias should be repotted this month. Grafting and inarching may be performed now, and cuttings put in for a succession of stocks. Azaleas should be repotted this month ; cuttings may now be put in with success. Chrysanthemums should now have the shoots topped, so as to form bushy plants. Orange and Lemon Trees may yet be budded with success. White Lilies should be taken up the latter part of the month, if a di- vision of the bulbs is required. Oxalis Hirta and Buwiei may be potted this month for early blooming. Cyclamens should be placed out in the open ground in a half-shady border. Pansies may yet be increased by cuttings. Now is the best time to sow seeds for raising plants to bloom next season. Cactuses, of the various kinds, may now be increased from cuttings. Hydrangeas may now be propagated by cuttings. Callas should now be allowed to remain dry till October. Geranium Cuttings may yet be put in. Repot old plants. Biennial and Perennial Plants, raised from seeds, should now be trans- planted where they are to remain to bloom. Mignonette, for flowering in pots, at Christmas, should now be planted, and the pots placed in a cold frame. Roses may still be increased by cuttings or layers. Stocks Seeds, sown last month, will have made plants by the middle of the month sufficiently large to prick oflT into small pots. Greenhouse Plants, of all sorts, may now be safely potted ; if done at this season, they get well established before they are taken into the green- house for the winter. It is better to jjcrform such work now than to defer till September. THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE SEPTEMBER, 1843. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Art. 1. An Address delivered before the Columbian Horti- cultural Society, Washington, D. 6'., Aug. 3d, 1842. By George Watterston, Esq. Commimicaled by J. S. Skinner, Esq., Washington, D. C. [The following is a synopsis of an Address delivered by- Mr. George Watterston, before the Columbian Horticidtural Society, on the 3d of August, in compliance with a resolu- tion of that Society. A portion of Mr. \Y.'s Address, re- lating to the insect tribes that are destructive and injurious to fruits, has, from its length, been unavoidably omiiied, under the apprehension that an abstract might render the whole too long for convenient insertion in a Horticultural Journal.] Mr. Watterston began by remarking, that what he should say would consist more of detached facts, which he had collected in the course of his reading, than a regular Ad- dress, which it was not his purpose to make. He premised by observing, that the Cohniibian Horticultural Society had started into existence some nine years ago, under the most favorable auspices, and been conducted, for several years after its organization, with the greatest ardor and en- thusiasm ; that every member seemed desirous to contrib- ute to its advancement and success; that its annual exhi- bitions were, in a high degree, splendid and gratifying, and that it had been found to be eminently beneficial in pro- ducing the finest esculent vegetables, the richest fruits, and the choicest and rarest flowers of the garden and green- VOL. IX. NO. IX. 41 322 Mr. Watterstoji' s Address before the house, within the sphere of its operation. The idea, he said, of establishing a Horticultural Society in Washington, had been suggested by a venerable citizen, who had devo- ted several years of bis life to tbe cultivation of the native and foreign grape, with no little success, and that it had been eagerly embraced and carried into effect by a number of public spirited men, who had been led to the undertak- ing more with a view to benefit their fellow citizens than themselves. He spoke of the wretched condition of horti- culture and of the markets in this district, prior to the es- tablishment of the Society: that scarcely any thing was then seen but wild strawberries, often in a state of fermen- tation; black and yellow raspberries, inferior even to the common blackberry; and apples, pears, plums and peaches, altogether different from those which are now seen in the markets of this city; that a taste for the cultivation of flow- ers had also been created among the ladies of Washington, and that there were but few now in the metropolis who did not take great delight in the rearing of beautiful plants, in pots, yards or gardens. He thought that if it were con- tinued with its former spirit, it was impossible to say to what extent the blessings, which the Society was calcula- ted to afford, might not be enjoyed. He trusted that it would yet be able to boast of the introduction of some new and choice variety of fruit, vegetable or flower, by the skill and industry of its members, who would thus have the honor of transmitting their names to posterity. He said that our country had already the glory of having intro- duced some of the finest kinds of fruits, such as the Bald- win apple, the Seckel, Gushing, Wilkinson, Lewis, Andrews and L)ix pears, the Boston nectarine, the Bolmer Wash- ington plum, the Downer cherry, &c. &c. He then spoke of the production of ameliorated fruit by alternate planting and grafting, and cited the opinion of Van Mons, that plants in a state of nature, remaining in their na- tive soil, produced seed that never degenerated, but that in a state of variation the case was different; for that he had found by experiment, that the first seed of a pear tree, sown consecutively for eight generations, taking the seed of the best fruit, produced always more perfect fruit than the pre- ceding generation ; that stone fruits, as the peach, &c. pro- duced good fruit in the third generation, and the apple in the fourth : that the tree, from each successive planting of Columbian Horticultural Soc, Washingto7i. 323 the seed, yielded fruit in a fewer number of years than the preceding one, and that the graft never bloomed sooner than the parent stock from which it had been taken. He thought these experiments should be made, though they might not redound to the advantage of the present genera- tion, because we should be influenced by more patriotic and liberal sentiments, and labor not for ourselves alone, but for those who were to follow us. He then spoke of horticulture as a useful, salutary and peaceful art, and as the last taste that leaves us ; as a science which served to increase our devotional feelings, by unfolding the matchless wisdom of the great Author of Nature in the wonderful organization of the vegetable kingdom ; and touched upon the effect of light upon the leaves of plants, and of the pe- culiar character and importance of these laws in the veg- etable economy. He said that the lovely and gorgeous colors in which the floral world is arrayed, was the result of light, and the variety of colors from its separate rays, each differently reflected. Plants, he said, which have been raised in the shade, if taken into the light, and ex- posed for a short time to the rays of the sun, become as green as those raised in the sun, and when taken into a dark place grow pale and fade in a few days. Leaves are the lungs of plants; they take oxygen from the air, and emit carbonic acid gas, which is composed of oxygen and carbon. While the former goes off, the latter remains, and converts the sap into a sort of pulp, a part of which con- sists of carbon. The pulp passes from the upper to the under side of the leaf The cells where the pulp lodges being yellow, and the carbon of a dark blue, they form to- gether the green color of the leaves and young bark. Noth- ing enfeebles a plant more than the loss of its leaves while growing. Their fall, according to Rennie, previous to winter, " is not caused by cold, but in consequence of the vessels at the root of the leaf-stalk becoming gradually rigid and obstructed so as to prevent the rise of the sap or the return of the pulp." It is believed that the pulp formed from the sap in the leaf, passes back through the leaf- stalk into the bark, and a portion of it through the bark into the very root. It is the }ndp, therefore, and not the saj), that rises and descends in the plant. The pulp cells are sup- posed to be designed as reservoirs for spare nutriment mat- ter, like the fat of animals. Plants always turn their stem 324 Mr. Watterstoii's Address before the and leaves to the light, not towards the air, and that the leaves of many plants go regnlarly to sleep when the light departs. Pliny and Theophrastus mention the lotus of the Euphrates, as sinking helow the water, to rise above it and expand its blossom as the sun returns. The continued motion of leaves, it is thought, serves the purposes of ani- mal respiration and exercise. Mr. W. here quoted some eloquent remarks from the Jow-nal of a Naturalist, on the object and uscfulucss of leaves, in accomplishing the re- quirements of the plant and its products. He next glanced at the tardy progress of horticulture, which, he said, had not kept pace witli the other arts, though, according to Poiteau, the cradle of agriculture would be found in the garden. "There, like the young Hercules, she first tried her powers, and prepared, like him, to overrun the world, which she speedily cleared of monsters, and bestowed upon man the laws of civilization." He stated that many of the fruits, flowers, and esculent vegetables, which had been obtained by the Greeks and Romaiis, from Egypt and otiier Eastern nations, were spread gradually over the west- ern parts of Europe, but their progress was slow, and until the reign of Henry VHI. there was scarcely a culinary veg- etable cultivated in England, and the small quantity con- sumed was imported from Holland. Charles H. was the first to introduce French gardening, at Hampton Court, and built the first hot-house known in England. Mr. W. at- tributed to the Catholic clergy the merit of having pre- served this art, at a time when every other was neglected. Large and extensive tracts of land, in Italy, Spain and France, which had been permitted to lie in a state of des- olation from the time the Gauls and Saracens made their first incursions, had been restored to fertility by the indus- try and labor of the monks of St. Bargil and St. Benedict; and Raron Humboldt, he said, had stated, that in the course of a very short period, the Jesuits had spread the knowl- edge and enjoyment of all our common esculent veg- etables from one end of the American continent to the other. But within a few years, horticulture had advanced with rapid strides, and by the establishment of numerous Associations, both in Europe and this country, devoted to its encouragement, it promised to attain to high perfection as an art, and to confer countless blessings on the world. He then spoke of the enemies it had to encounter in the Columbian HorticAiltiiral Soc, Wasthington. 325 insect tribes, which preyed upon the products of the garden and the orchard, and of such as attack the fruits, particu- larly, he gave a brief description, and spoke of the means adopted to prevent their ravages, at some length. The in- formation he furnished under this head, cannot well be abridged, to be useful. Mr. W. next proceeded to describe a few of the esculent vegetables which have long been, and still continue to be, the favorite food of mankind. Of the nature and properties of these, he gave a rapid history, be- ginning with the beet^ so called, he said, from the shape of its seed-vessel, which resembled the Greek beta. The Greeks offered it, he stated, on silver, to their god Apollo, at Delphos. It was first brought into England in 1548. He next spoke of the asparagits, which derived its name from the Greek asparagos, to spring or sprout. This veg- etable, he said, was a native of the United States, and found wild in different parts of the country. Among the Greeks it was believed that Peregone, who had been pur- sued by Theseus, threw herself into a bed of asparagus, and reeds, and vowed that if these plants would conceal her from him, she would never pull or burn them; and though Theseus succeeded in drawing her from her con- cealment, her descendants were ever afterwards prohibited from burning asparagus. Its use, as an esculent, is of great antiquity, having been first used as a food about 200 years before the Christian era. In the time of Pliny, it was carefully cultivated, and attained such a growth that three stalks would weigh a pound, and sell for a Roman as. It is not nutritious, but a promoter of appetite ; an English physician recommends it to be eaten at the begin- ning of dinner. If eaten before, it opens and refreshes the liver, spleen and kidneys, and puts the body in an agree- able state. Its medicinal virtues have been experienced in gravel, and scorbutic and dropsical diseases, and disorders of the eyes, but it is injurious to those afiiicted with gout and dyspepsia. In making asparagus beds, which last for a long time, some being known to have been used for upwards of 70 years, it is recommended to select only the male plants, which throw up a much larger number of shoots than the female, though they are inferior in size to the latter. The bean was next described, as deriving its botanical name from the Falisei in Tuscany, who called it haba., whence faba. In their feasts dedicated to Apollo, 326 Mr. Waitcrstoiis Address before the the Athenians used the bean, and the Romans had a festi- val called Fabaria, from beans being oflered as an oblation in their sacrifices. Lempriere states, that bacon was added to beans, in their offerings to Carna, the wife of Janus, to represent the simplicity of their ancestors. The family of the Fabii are said to have derived tlieir name from some of their ancestors having cultivated the bean. Pythagoras expressly prohibited the eating of beans to his disciples, because he believed that they sprung from the same putrid matter as that of which man was formed, and it was the belief of the Romans that departed souls dwelt in beans, and therefore were eaten at funerals. Cicero thought that the use of beans produced disorders of the mind, and it was considered a crime, among the Egyptians, even to look at them. They were used among the ancients in the election of their magistrates. A white bean signified absolution, and a black one condemnation, and Phillips thinks that from this circumstance has originated the prac- tice of black-balling candidates for admission into Socie- ties, &c. The IMacedonians and Thebans used them as a manure, as we do clover, by ploughing them into the ground when they began to bloom. Its expansibility is wonderful. While growing, it has been known to raise a plug clogged with a hundred pounds' weight. Dr. James thinks that young beans are wholesome aliment, and gen- erate good juice, though the general opinion is that they are flatulent and coarse. The cabbage^ Mr. W. described as being among the oldest vegetables used by man. The Greeks called it rcqihanos. from the resemblance of the seed to those of the radish ; by later writers kramhe or koram- ble^ it being thought injurious to the sight. From the good- ness of its stalks it was also called cmdls, hence the name of cole or colewort. The cabbage is constituted by the folding or turning in of the leaves close over each other, and from this circumstance, according to Phillips, arose the term cabbaging, applied to tailors, who, while at work at the private houses of their employers, were often accused of cabbaging, or rolUnfr up pieces of cloth^ instead of the list and shreds which they claim as their due. The Greeks believed that the cabbage sprang from the sweat of Jupiter, while laboring to explain two contradictory oracles. 7^he Romans, after having expelled their physicians, used it as their only medicine, for every disease, for the space of six Columbian Horticultural Soc, Washington. 327 hundred years. They, as well as the Greeks, eat it raw, to prevent the effects of wine, clear the brain, and remove intoxication. An ancient writer says, that "the vine, by a secret sympathy, especially avoids the cabbage, if it has room to decline from it, but if it cannot shift away, it dies from very grief" Pliny was of the same opinion. It was employed by the ancients in a great number of diseases, Avitli what they thought a salutary effect ; but later wri- ters, especially Galen, condemned it, and Isaac says animoi gravitatem facit. It is now said to be hard of digestion and flatulent, and possesses but little nutrition. "They tend," says PhilHps, "strongly to putrefaction, and run into that state sooner than ahnost any other vegetable." Their smell is also most offensive, when putrified, and greatly resembles that of putrid animal substances. The juice of the cabbage was said to be a laxative, and the sub- stance an astringent, hence the proverb in Salemo, " Jus caulis solvit, ciijus substantia strifigit,'" &:c. Mr. W. then proceeded to speak of the lettuce and 7nush- i^ooni, the only two other esculent vegetables he described. The former, he said, was highly esteemed by the ancients, and derived its name oHactuca from lac, milk, on account of the milky juice with which its abounds. The kings of Persia, 550 years before Christ, had the lettuce served on their tables in its natural state. A black variety was used among the Romans, which contained much milky juice, and caused sleep, and was also highly esteemed as a medicine, the Emperor Augustus having been thought to be cured of a dangerous disease by the use of it. The ancients believed that Venus, after the death of Adonis, reposed upon a bed of lettuce, from which it was inferred that they understood the soporific and tranquillizing effects of this plant. It was also cultivated, says Phillips, by the disciples of Py- thagoras, the Eunuch, because it was thought less favor- able to Venus than other plants. The lettuce is said to have been first cultivated in England in 1562, when it was the practice to eat it at the beginning of supper and before meat, because it was thought to sharpen the appetite. Dr. Aston says that the milk of the lettuce is hypnotic, while the root is cooling, diluent and nourishing; but it is thought to be injurious to weak stomachs, and disagrees with hy- pochondriac and hysterical persons. It has been asserted that young lettuce may be raised in 48 hours, by first 328 Mr. Watterstoii' s Address before the steeping the seed in brandy and sowing it in a hot-bed. The mnshxooui fungus derived its name, he said, from the Greek sjwggos. or spongy, and its common name from the French, inoiisseron. It is ranked in the lowest order of vegetables, and is thought to assimilate very closely to the animal creation. " The animal flavor of the esculent mushroom," says the authoress of Sketches of the Physiol- ogy of Vegetable Life, "and the odour of any kind of fun- gus when burned, resembles that of burning feathers ; ad- ded to the putrefaction to which the Avhoie tribe are sub- ject, and the scent emitted by them in that state, do not exclude them from the vegetable kind, but alford additional analogical evidence of the affinity between the two king- doms." The mushroom, however, produces seed by which they are propagated. These are called the spcavii, a white, mouldy and fibrous substance. Some think that the whole mushroom is but one flower, coming out of the earth as a bud, which protects the interior with a veil, until it is ready for fructification, when it expands like other flowers. This vegetable was thought by the ancients to be one of the wonders of nature, because they lived and grew with- out a root, and shot up without any opening in the earth, and without being sown. They were considered in the dark ages as the work of fairies. The Romans esteemed them as a great luxury, and the most luxurious dressed them with their own hands. It was brought into disuse in Rome after the death of Tiberius Claudius, by Agripina, who is said to have poisoned him with tliis vegetable. Lord Bacon says that -'mushrooms cause the accident which we call incubus^ or mare in the stomach, and therefore the surfeit of them may suffocate and empoison." They are now used as a delicious food, and cultivated in England to a great extent. They can be raised by seed, or prop- agated by roots, which resemble the tubers of the pota- toe. In England, they are raised in houses, growing on shelves made of plank or stone, covered with rich earth. A small slied was large enough to supply the demand of a moderate family. If poisoned by them, the symp- toms are first hiccup, then a cold shivering and chilli- ness over the whole body, and finally convulsions and death. The weight to which mushrooms attain is often enormous, some having been found weighing 30 lbs., some 100 lbs. each, and it is asserted that some were found grow- Coliimhian Horticnltia^al Soc, Washington. 329 ing on the frontiers of Hungary which filled a cart. In Lincolnshire, one of the best quality was discovered, which measured 3 feet 4 inches in circumference, was 2 inches thick, and weighed 29 ounces. These facts, he said, were given on the authority of an English writer, Phillips, on the kitchen garden. Mr. W. then concluded his Address by recommending, that the plan he had had the honor to commence might be continued periodically, by the different members of the So- ciety. He thought that it would be attended with great benefit and advantage to the institution and to the country, as the mass of horticultural information which might thus be accumulated could not but be highly important and ben- eficial to both. Aet. n. The London Horticultural Societifs Catalogue of Fruits. 3(/ Edition. With notices of all the jmncipal varieties enumerated since the 2d Edition^ and other Re- marks. By the Editor. Currants. So little change has taken place in the list of currants, that it is scarcely worth noticing. That cultivators may see, however, which are esteemed the best, and which are worthless, as well as for the information of all who may not be in possession of the 2d Edition, we have copied the list entire, including, as it does, only 13 varieties. The 1st Edition contained thirty-five names or varieties ; the 2d, nineteen ; and now. excluding such as have proved syno- nyms, and such as are deemed unworthy of cultivation, thirteen remain. With the exception of three new sorts, raised by the late Mr. Knight, only one other good variety had been grown in the Society's garden up to the time the catalogue was issued in December last, a period of seventeen years. During the same period, nearly two hundred new varieties of the gooseberry were added to the catalogue, and many of them greatly superior to the old kinds. Had the same attention been bestowed upon the currant, equally valuable results might have been anticipated. Mr. Knight did not devote but little attention to this fruit, but the sorts VOL. IX. NO. IX. 42 330 London Horticultwal Society'' s he raised are desirable acquisitions, one of them being nearly a fortnight earlier than the old kinds, and another having much larger berries. We do not doubt but that the currant is as susceptible of improvement as the gooseberry, strawberry or other fruits. In our last volume, (VIII. p. 324,) in an article on the cultivation of the currant, we alluded to the production of new varieties by means of seedlings, and those who wish to try the experiment are invited to a perusal of that paper. Those marked thus * are the sorts most worth culti- vating. § I. Black Currants. 1. Black Grape. — Synonym: Ogden's Black grape. 2*. Black Naples. — Larger than any other variety of Black currant. Synonym : New Black. [This is the same variety noticed in our Vol. VII. p. 373, as then fruiting in the nursery of Mr. C. Downing, of Newburgh. The present season we have fruited it in our garden, and find it to be a large and superior variety.] 3. Common Black. — Synonym: Cassis, (of the French.) 4. Russian Green. § 2. Red Currants. 5*. Red Dutch. — Synonyms : Large Red Dutch, New Red Dutch, Large Red, Large Bunched Red, Morgan's Red, Red Grape, Groseiller Rouge a Gros Fruit. 6*. Knighfs Large Red. — Larger than the Red Dutch. Synonym : Knight's No. 3. 7*. Knighfs Sweet Red Currant. — Less acid than the others. 8. Knighfs Early Red. — Synomjm : Knight's No. 7. 9. Champagne. — Synonynn : Groseiller a Fruit Couleur de Chair. 10. Striped Fruited. — Fruit distinctly striped, with white and red. Synonym: Grosse Weiss und Rothgestreifte Johannisbeere. § 3. White Currants. 11=^. White Dutch.— Synonyms : New White Dutch, Jeeves's White, Morgan's White, White Chrystal, White Leghorn, Pearl White, (of some.) 12. Pearl White. — Synonym : Blanc Perle. 13. Speary^s White. Catalogue. Third Editiofi. 331 The following are designated with an 0 as unworthy of cultivation : Wild Black Variegated Leaved Green Fruited Black Rock Currant Common Red Common White. Striped Leaved Raspberries. In our article on the raspberry in our last volume (VIII. p. 364,) we gave descriptions of all the principal varieties cultivated in our gardens — eight in number. In the 3d Edition of the Catalogue now before us, only eight varie- ties are considered worthy of cultivation, thirteen having been discarded since the publication of the 2d Edition. Of the eight, five were included in our list ; the other three enumerated by us were the Cretan Red, New Red Ant- werp and the Franconia, neither of which appear to be known among English cultivators, unless under some other names. These constituted a collection of first rate sorts. According to the 3d Edition, the best varieties are the Red and Yellow Antwerp, which "hold a similar rank in this class of fruit to that occupied by the Red and White Dutch among currants." It is also stated in the prefatory remarks, that "from the facility with which they spring from seeds, numerous accidental varieties of raspberries are doubtless to be found, which are not included in the following enumeration." The same remarks which we made under the head of currants, are applicable to the raspberry. Very little has been done to improve the size and flavor of the fruit. By means of seedlings, this, we have no doubt, can readily be accomplished, and the results would unquestionably be favorable. It has occurred to us, that crosses between the American thimbleberry, and the Ohio Ever-bearing rasp- berry, might produce varieties which would not only be hardy, but superior in flavor ; this experiment, however, remains to be tried, and we would recommend it to ama- teurs. Should we find leisure, we shall attempt some ex- periments ourselves, and in the manner we have here advanced. The following is a complete list of the varieties, as proved in the 3d Edition of the Catalogue : 1. Antwerp, Red. — Color red; 1st quality. Synonyms: Burley, Late-bearing Antwerp, Knevett's Antwerp, Fram- broisier Rouge a gros fruit. 332 The Francoyiia Raspberry ; its hardiness 2. Antxcerp^ Yellow. — Color yellowish white; 1st quali- ty. Syiiomjms : White Antwerp, Double-hearing Yellow. 3. Barnet. — Color red ; 1st quality. Very fine and large, but does not bear carriage so well as the Red Antwerp. Synonyms : CornwalFs Prolific, Cornwall's Seedling, Corn- wall's Red, Large Red, Lord Exmouth's. [The variety cultivated in many of the nurseries and gardens around Boston, under the name of Barnet, cannot be true, as it does not correspond with the description in the Po7nological Magazine^ where it is figured, (Vol. L pi. 8.) ] 4. Bromley Hill. — Color red ; 1st quality. 5. Cornish. — Color red ; 1st quality. 6. Co.t's Honey. — Color yellowish white ; 1st quality. Bears in clusters along the stems. 7. Snperb. — Color red ; 2d quality. 8. Woodward' s Red Globe. — Color red ; 2d quality. Varieties designated by an 0, which are of inferior qual- ity, and '-no longer cultivated in the garden." Cane, Brentford Common Red Cane, Red Jilliard's Seedling Cane, Rough Old White Cane, Smooth Prolific, Early. Art. IIL The Franconia Raspberry — its hardi7iess, and its value as a forcing variety. By A. This shrub has been cultivated in this place for several years : the first winter they Avere covered ; the second year one half of the plants only were protected. Those left exposed to the winter bore as well, if not better, than the protected ones, and appeared in perfect health the sum- mer following. This year the bed contains about one thousand stems, after pruning out; every one in sound condition, and wholly exposed to the winter, which has been a very trying one. Other beds, in different locations, were left unprotected, the past winter, and have proved perfectly hardy. If it is unnecessary to protect them, there is a saving of labor spring and autumn, seasons of the year when gardeners are very busy. Any one in the country and value as a Forcing variety. 333 cultivating them by thousands, can the next winter leave a part, in an exposed situation, unprotected, and prove the thing, sending you the result for publication. It may be that the protection afforded by houses in the city may be sufficient, and the plant be killed in the open field. They also force well. I tried a few pots of them in the greenhouse, last winter, with different treatment. The re- sult was in favor of those grown in the greatest heat, with a dry atmosphere, and watered with carbonate of ammo- nia, in the proportion of three hundred parts water to one of ammonia; next, those watered with liquid manure; and last, those watered, simply, which were nearly a total fail- ure, the frait not swelling off". They were taken up with a ball of earth, before severe frost, and all put in same sized pots, with as much rich soil as could be added. Yours truly, A. Salem, August, 1843. Art. IV. Floricultnral and Botanical Notices of Neio Plants, figured in foreign pei^iodicals ; with Retnarks on those recently introduced to, or oinginated iii, Americati gaixlens, and additional information upon plants already in cultivation. Edwards^ s Botanical Register, or Ornamental Flower Gar- den and Shrubbery. Each number containing from six to eight plates; with additional miscellaneous information, relative to new plants. In monthly numbers ; 85. plain, 35, 6d colored. Paxton^s Magazine of Botany, and Register of Flowering Plants. Each number containing four colored plates. Monthly, 25. M. each. Edited by J. Paxton, gardener to the Duke of Devonshire. The Garde7ier^s Chronicle, a stamped newspaper of Rural Economy and General News. Edited by Prof. Lindley. Weekly. Price 6c?. each. Floricultural and Botanical Intelligence. Ceanbthiis di- raricdtus. — In Torrey &■ Gray's Flora, Vol. I. p. 266, on 334 Florkidtural and Botanical Notices the authority of NiUtall, is described a plant under the above name, found by him in his Cahfornian researches. Since then, seeds of it have been presented to the London Horticultural Society, by R. B. Hinds, surgeon of H. M. ship Sulphur, from which plants have been raised. It is described as a straggling bush, with clusters of blue flowers. As yet, it has not bloomed, but the young plants have beautiful deep-green glossy leaves, which make it very at- tractive. It is quite hardy in England. {Bot. Reor.) Gladiolus rainosns is one of the finest kinds which has yet been introduced, far excelling the floribundus, both in the coloring and size of the flowers. We have had a bulb of it beautifully in flower, and can speak of it as a most valuable addition to this fine tribe of summer flowering bulbs. It grows and flowers as readily as the floribundus. ^anunctdaceoi. TROLLIUS acaulis iin/K. Stemless Globeflower. A hardy herbaceous plant; growing 1 foot high ; with yellow flowers ; appearing in July. A native of India ; increased by seeds or division of the roots ; grown in loam and peat. Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 32. A curious and hardy herbaceous plant of dwarf growth, Avith deep orange flowers somewhat like those of an ane- mone. The leaves are digitate, palmate, laciniate, tripart- ed and pinnatified, and the flowers appear solitary, on short peduncles. It has the appearance of a little Eran- thus. It is readily increased by seeds or division of the root, and grows freely in sandy loam and peat, in a rather damp situation. It was raised from seeds received from the East India Company. {Bot. Reg.., June.) Onagi'dcem. FU'CHS/.^ exoniensis J°(u:<. The Exeter Fuchsia. A greenhouse plant ; growing 3 feet higli ; with scarlet flowers ; appeariiij all summer; a hyl)ri •with white flowers ; appearing in May and Juno ; a native of Guatemala ; increased by seeda and budding ; grown in sandy loam and leaf mould. Bot. Reg. 1843 t. 30. A greenhouse shrub, having much the appearance of the arbutus, producing terminal panicles of pretty white bell- shaped flowers. The leaves are linear, oblong, and covered beneath with ferruginous down. It was raised from seeds received from the Society's collector, M. Hartweg, who found it at the foot of the active volcano, Xetic, in Guate- mala. It grows freely in sandy loam and leaf mould, and is increased either by seeds or by budding on the common arbutus. {^Bot. Reg. June.) Comqiositem. BARNADE>SM (So called by the younger Linnseus after Michael Barnadez, a Spanish Botanist.) De Cand. rosea Lindl. Rose-colored Barnadesia. A greenhouse plant ; growing a foot high ; with crimson flowers appearing in Spring ; a native of South America, increased by cuttings ; grown in peat, loam and sand. Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 29. A singular and pretty plant, with ovate lanceolate leaves, and solitary terminal flowers, of a cylindrical form, and rich crimson shade. It is a warm greenhouse plant, and is propagated by cuttings, and grown in peat, loam and sand in equal proportions. (^Bot. Reg. June.) A-jjocyndcece. ECHI^TES atropurpurea iindJ. Dark purple Echites. A stove plant ; growing ten feet high ; with dark purple flowers ; appearing in summer ; a native of Brazil ; incre ased by cuttings ; grown in sandy loam and leaf mould. Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 27. Another beautiful species of the £'chites, of which we noticed the E. splendens in our last number, p. 308. The present subject is not so beautiful as the splendens, but the dark color of its blossoms, which are borne on long and graceful axillary peduncles, contrast finely with the light- ness and airiness of its habit. The flower has a tube '' nearly two inches in length, expanding about half way VOL. IX. NO. IX. 43 33S Floj'iciiltural and Botanical Notices, c5*c, from the base into a wide throat, which has a spreading limb an inch and a half across." For covering a rafter, or a column of a stove, or for training over a circular trellis, it is a fine object. When once established in the ground, it " blossoms throughout the summer with the greatest prodi- gality.'"' The plants grow finely in sandy loam and heath mould, and it may be freely propagated by cuttings. It would be a fine addition to our greenhouse climbers. {Bot. Reg. May.) ConvolviddcecB. IPOM^'A cymosa Choisy. The white cluster Ipomsea. A stove climber; growing ten feet high, with while flowers ; appearing in December ; a native of Asia ; increased by cuttings. Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 24. No less than thirteen different names are enumerated as synonyms according to M. Choisy; and Dr. Lindly says " it must be confessed that the botanists who have invented them have much to answer for." In justification, however, it is stated to be, like other Ipomseas, variable in its appear- ance. It is a perennial of " great beauty, flowering most profusely ; the blossoms appear in axillary clusters, and their snow-while yellow-eyed corols, show to great advan- tage resting upon a deep green shining foliage. The plant is increased by cuttings, and grown in any good soil. {Bot. Reg. May.) Gesnerdcea. ACHl'MENES grandiflora Pazt. Large flowered Achimenes A greenhouse plant ; growing a foot high ; with rose-colored flowers ; appearing in summer; a native of Mexico; increased by cuttings and offsetts ; grown in loam and loaf mould. I'ax. Mag. Bot. Vol. X. p. 145. The species of achimenes bid fair to rival in beauty any other tribe of plants. We have now the coccinea, pedun- culala, rosea, longiflora, and multiflora, and this increases the number to six. all but the first of which have been in- troduced within a few years. E. grandiflora is a fine com- panion to the E. longiflora ; its flowers are not quite so large ; but they are of a " rich and brilliant color, essentially diflferent from any thing else of the kind we yet possess." The foliage is larger than the longiflora. It is easily culti- vated, requiring a luitritive soil composed of fresh loam and a large proportion of leaf mould : and it must not be stinted for pot room. It should be started early in a little bottom heat, and it will then bloom finely in the greenhouse' all summer. For ornamental objects in the greenhouse in summer, all the species of achimenes are highly valuable, and deserving of extensive growth. {Pax. Mag. Bot. Aug.) Oakes^s Catalogue of Vermont Plants. 339 REVIEWS. Art. I. Catalogue of Vermont Plants. By Wm. Oakes, of Ipswich, Mass., as published in Thompson's History of Vermont. Pamphlet, 8vo. 36 pages. Our Forest Trees. — New England, with its variable climate, its rugged soil, and general barren aspect, is yet capable of being regarded in one favorable point of^ view, at least, and that, to the eye of the lover of genuine beauty, a point of view by no means insignificant — the variety of its forests. The sterner character of northern latitudes, if softened by the auspicious breezes of long summers, seems most favorable to the existence of a greater variety of for- est growth. Would wc witness luxuriance and stately magnificence combined, ample foliage and spice-breathing blossoms, we should indeed turn to the deep woods of southern latitudes; but would we behold the elegance of utility, the compactness of form united with the grace of expression, the vegetable types of the physical and moral character of the people who dwell among them, we must turn to the hardy specimens of northern oaks and vigorous pines, which, daring the storms of many a winter, yet pre- sent their leafy honors fresh and lustrous on each return- ing spring. The peculiarity of forests, in regard to their productions, indicate, with an unvarying certainty, the condition and character of a climate. Species of plants, and more es- pecially of trees, define with most remarkable precision the natural boundaries of countries. They indicate, also, to the penetration of the geologist, the structural features of the soil. Thus the Geography of Plants becomes a very interesting subject for consideration and research. Something like a fixed and established law seems to govern the natural growth of vegetables ; from which, when we find them deviating, it is considered a striking and peculiar anomaly. The geological conditions, oftentimes, such as the nature of the soil, rather than on the diflference of lati- tude, the production of plants seem to depend. The varied character of the geology of New England affords, in this way, a rich and almost ubiquitous forest growth, and from 340 Oakes's Catalogue its southern to its northern limits, and so from the bounda- ries of its other extremes, may be found, on similar soils, the variety of trees common to the wide flora of the northern United States. The value of exact catalogues of natural productions, which occur in defined areas, in particular States or in countries, is perceptible at once to every reflecting mind. To the botanist, the horticulturist, or to him, who of an humble name delights in the cultivation of the earth, who- ever gives the results of his investigation in defining the vegetable riches of particular sections, is a most welcome copartner of his studies and pursuits. Arboriculture, or the artificial rearing of trees, is happily becoming much in vogue among intelligent men ; and the fostering that taste, which prompts to the admiration and love of such magnifi- cent objects of nature, is surely one of the most exalted and philanthropic in its every bearing on the welfare of society. By dint of experiment and untiring patience, that wonderful branch of agricultural avocation, which is called horticulture, has succeeded oftentimes in conquering obsta- cles which, at first sight, seemed almost overwhelming, and in changing, as it were, the very laws of physico-veg- etable existence, in order that they may do its bidding. In the narrow area of gardens, the hardiest mountain pine and the tender foliaged shrub, have been brought into close proximity ; and from horrid wastes and silent deserts, the unnoticed beauties and unheeded utility of many an humble plant or lofty tree, have been transferred to the busy scenes of social life. This growing taste for the beautiful in vegetable life, and especially towards the merits of arboriculture, should be encouraged. Every village and town in New England, of any note or advancement in the cause of education, should appreciate its forest productions. Long, indeed, will it be, before they will be swept away by the hand of industry, among our hills and on our mountain sides; but rapidly have they disappeared, and that, too, with waste- ful prodigality heretofore, near the larger towns and cities, especially of our own State. Tradition informs us. that the long ridges of gravel and diluvium, the steep hills now almost leafless and barren, the very islands in our harbors, and bleak rocky peninsulas of our coast, were once covered with trees, remnants of which may yet be occasionally seen in belts or groups of hardy pitch-pines or scraggy of Vermont Plants. 341 oaks, the sad reminiscences of better days. Such tracts of land should be subjected to useful culture ; and where a plentiful growth of wiry grass and dry lichens now only obtain, may yet, some fifty years hence, be seen the per- petual verdure of resinous trees or the rich periodical vivid- ness of useful and ornamental vegetation. To this pur- pose, if a mistaken agriculture has unfitted the soil for the speedy production of native trees, there are those of other countries admirably adapted; and so advantageous already have been the efforts of science in accHmation and cultiva- tion, that scarcely a soil can be found on which some more useful tree or plant may not be introduced, which would be exactly fitted for its peculiarities or capacities. From what facts, on this subject, have fallen under our limited observation, we are induced to firmly believe, that experi- ment and zeal only are required to convert our depaupera- ted fields and the most barren of our pastures, the most arid of our plains, into wildernesses of smiling and luxu- riant beauty. Nor are these remarks inapplicable to the inhabitants of our cities, who breathe the hot and stifled air of confined streets and crowded marts. We are oftentimes surprised to find how negligent of their real comfort and luxury are the dwellers in cities, who have at their command every facility to add usefulness and beauty to their stately man- sions and cheerful homes. Many a splendid tree is capable of surviving a northern winter in the protection of a city- street, which would pine away and perish in a freer atmos- phere. What magnificent gardens, what forest Edens, might not be reared along the broad avenues of those myriad towns, that are springing up, like magic, in the West and East, and that are populating, too, with the refined and educated, who have only to learn, to readily appreciate what is good and what conducive to the happi- ness of society. Every broad elm, which spreads its limbs so gracefully and tenderly over the streets of Boston, hap- pily as yet somewhat remarkable for its fine trees, is far better than a most vigilant Board of Health for that por- tion of our city; and despite gas-pipes and aqueducts, which ramify beneath the hard pavement, there may be found room enough yet and to spare, for many a fine tree more, of varied contour and form, to interlace its roots, and, with its refreshing shade, recall, perchance, to men of busiest pursuits, the happy hours of childhood, when trees 342 Oakes's Catalogue and fields were their companions and solace. For our own part, we freely confess a great sympathy with these generous and philanthropic ministers of nature, which, raising themselves up among massive structures of brick and mortar, appear waving in wide and extended beauty over the tall roofs, as if to show that man and his Creator, even where society would put them the farthest asunder, need not be separated from each other. " 'Neath cloistered boughs, each floral bell that swingeth, And tolls its perfume on the passing air, Makes Sabbath in'" man's heart, "and ever ringeth A call to prayer." The difficulty of transplanting some kinds of trees, has induced some to imagine that this is the case with almost every kind. There are particular seasons of the year, when the most difficult may be successfully removed ; while, to be sure, there are a few species, which do not seem to do well if removed when of a size usually em- ployed in transplantation. By proper effort, a tree of any size may be transferred from one spot to another ; and as to expense, it surely is far more rational to rear.up a noble tree, as an article of beauty or ornament, than to erect very many costly and useless structures, on which ingenuity and money are lavished. Some of the best for successful transplanting, under ordinary means, are also the most at- tractive. For instance, the maples, of which the rock or sugar maple is preeminently elegant; and so the white maple, of rapid growth and prettiness of foliage, while the bright blossoms and crimson seeds of the scarlet maple are always admired. A smaller species, rising with a slender trunk to a considerable elevation, is remarkable for the ele- gance of its stem; we mean the moose-wood or striped maple. Several species of ash, too, are generally over- looked in arboriculture, while the beeches and chesnut, if not so easy of culture, perhaps, yet repay any endeavor in the beauty of their intrinsic merits. We have spoke of the value of catalogues of natural productions, especially of plants. We have been gratified with a local catalogue of this character, which we find in Thompson's History of Vermont^ lately issued. This cat- alogue* purports to be one comprising " the Vermont * A few of these catalogues were printed separately, for private distribu- tion among the author's friends. of Vermont Plants, 343 Plants," and was prepared for the above work by William Oakes, of Ipswich, Mass., a gentleman extensively known as an eminent botanist. Of the forest trees of Vermont he gives 52 species, with 6 species of smaller size, and many species " of large shrubs, which sometimes become small trees." Of forest trees -'found in Vermont, and not else- where in New England," he enumerates : The Overcup White Oak. Quercus macrocarpa. The Northern Cork Elm. t/'lmus racemosa. The Heart- leaved Balsam Poplar. Populas Candicans. " The Ovcrcup White Oah belongs to the states of the West, and has not been found even in New York. It was found in 1829, by Dr. Robbins, in many towns on the western border of the state from St. Albans to Ben- nington. It is distinguished by the great size of the acorn, and the fringed border of the cup. The Northei-n Cork Bark Elm was first found in the state of New York, and was described by Mr. Thomas, in Silliman's Journal, in the same year (1829) that it was found by Dr. Robbins in Bennington and Pownal. It is easily distinguished from the other New England species by the broad plates of cork on its branches. Three fine species of Poplar, the two Balsam Poplars, and the magni- ficent Vermont Poplar, Populus monilifera, are scarcely found unless cul- tivated, in any other of the New England states. Neither of these three Poplars, nor the Cotton Poplar, have been found native in New York by the Botanists of that State, according to the late Report and Catalogue of Dr. Torrey. (According to the younger Michaux, the Cotton Poplar is found native in the west of New York.) The Vermont Poplar, and the Heart-leaved Balsam Poplar, which Dr. Robbins found wild in many parts of Vermont, were not seen native in North America by either the elder or younger Michaux, and do not ap- pear to have been previously seen in a wild state by any Botanist in the United States. List of Vermont Plants not found in any other New England state. Anemone Pennsylvanica, " Hudsoniana, Corydalis aurea, Nasturtium natans, Sisymbrium teres, Draba arabisans, Sinapis arvensis. Introduced. Cerastium nutans, Floerkea proserpinacoides, Ceanothus ovalis, Lathyrus ochroleucus, Phaca Robbinsii, Zizia integerrima, Symphoricarpus racemosus. Viburnum pubescens, Valeriana sylvatica. Aster ptarmicoides, Pterospora andromedea, Justicia Americana, Shepherdia Canadensis, Euphorbia platyphylla, Quercus macrocarpa, Populus candicans, ' ' monilifera, Ulmus racemosa, Listera convallarioides, Calypso bulbosa, Trillium grandiflorum, Zannichellia palustris, Carex eburnea, Aspidium aculeatum, Pteris gracilis. 344 Oakes's Catalogue Besides the species in the above list, many of which are among the rarest and most interesting plants of the U. S., there are a great number of species common in the west of Vermont, and of Massachusetts and Con- necticut, which are entirely unknown in the eastern parts of New Eng- land. Among these we may mention the Ginseng, the curious and beau- tiful species of Dielyira, and the Spring Beauty, Claytonia Caroliniana, which in early spring spangles the ground in the woods with its cheerful and most delicate and brilliant blossoms. Of the four beautiful species of Lady's Slipper, only two, Cypripediitm acaule and arietinum, are found in the eastern part of New England. Four species of TriUium are also found in Vermont, of which one, the magnificent Great flowered Trillium, is found nowhere else in New Eng- land. In the eastern part of Massachusetts, no species is found except Trillium cernuum. Vermont is peculiarly rich in Orchideae. The rare and beautiful Ca- lypso has been found nowhere else in the United States, and Listera convallarioides in no other New England state. All the species of New England are found in Vermont, except two, Tipularia discolor and Orchis rotundi folia. Of the beautiful order of Ferns, Vermont contains two species not found elsewhere in New England, Pteris gracilis and Aspidium aculeatum, and several fine species which are wanting or rare in the east of New Eng- land, are common in Vermont. It has all the species of New England except Lygodiuin palmatum and Woodicardta onoclcoidcs. On the other hand Vermont is wanting in a great number of plants common in the south and east of New England. Of course it is destitute of all the species peculiar to the sea shore, and of all the numerous and beautiful " Weeds" of the Sea. The elegant Tulip Tree, common in the southwest of New England, the splendid Rosebay, and the fragrant Mag- nolia, ai-e not found in Vermont. In the whole there are more than 500 New England species which it does not possess, of which we will only mention Berberis vulgaris, Silene Pennsylvanica, Tephrosia Virginiana, Phexia Virginica, Liatris scariosa, Clelhra alnifolia, Euchroma coccinea, Anagallis arvensis, Hijpoxis erecta, Aletris furinosa, Lilium superbwn, Poa Eragrostis, and Baptisia tinctoria. The number of known phainogamous plants of New England, with the addition of the Ferns, is nearly or quite 1500, excluding a great number of nominal species generally admitted. The number of plants of Vermont of the same Orders, in the present catalogue, is 929. The whole number of species of the same orders existing within the limits of the state, is doubtless as many as 1100 or 1200, so that there is still a very ample field for the discovery of additional species. Many species, indeed, exist on the very borders of Vermont, in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, which we have no authority for inserting as natives of the state, and have not admitted into the catalogue, although we have no doubt that they are also Vermont plants. We must not forget to mention that the vegetation of the eastern part of Vermont is greatly inferior in beauty and variety to that of the western border. The pines and firs prevail more at the east, and the species of forest trees are not so numerous. While the west has nearly every plant ■ of the east, the east is destitute of a vast number of those of the west. Among the species of Vermont plants wanting at the east, we may men- of Vermont Plants. 345 lion the Vermont Poplar, both the Balsam Poplars, the Cotton Poplar, the Northern Cork Elm, the Overcup White Oak, Viola Canadensis and rostrata, Dielytra Canadensis, Uoularia grandifiora, Asplenium angusti- folium, rhizophyllum, and Ruta muraria, &c., besides others to be imme- diately noticed. It is due to Mr. Oakes to say, that the distance from the place of publication precluded a very accurate revision of his part of the work, and, therefore, that the mistakes, which would be readily perceived by the botanist, must be attributed to some such source. We trust the time is not far distant, when we shall receive from the labors and en- terprize of another of our naturalists, an accurate list of the native forest trees of Massachusetts, and apprized of the riches of our timber growth, and the extensive relations our forests sustain towards our prosperity, we shall be in- duced to appreciate their real value. X. August, 1843. Art. II. The Pomological Magazine. By Charles W, Elliott. In large octavo numbers, bi-monthly. Vol. I. No. I. With five Engravings of Fruits. Cincinnati, 1843. This is the title of a new Pomological Magazine, the publication of which was commenced on June 1st, in Cin- cinnati, by our correspondent C. W. Elliott. The objects of the work are stated by the editor to be — " To furnish to the horticulturist and amateur the means of testing the names of the fruits he already has ; and, when increasing his variety, save him the expense, trouble and disappointment of cultivating the same fruit under different names : To invite particular attention to the fruits growing through the West, so as to identify them as known and cultivated sorts, if they are so ; if not, to introduce them to fruit-growers as new fruits : With the assistance of the Cincinaati Horticultural Society, to bring forward the apples, plums, and other fruits of this country, which are known to be seedlings, and of acknowledged excellence ; and thus to re- turn, in kind, to our Eastern friends, some of the many benefits derived from them." A Magazine conducted upon the plan here laid down, and containing correct engravings and accurate descriptions of fruits, must serve as a valuable auxiliary to the cultiva- VOL. IX. NO. IX. 44 346 Monsoiis Address before the tor, particularly in the Western section of the country, for which it is more particularly intended. Mr. Elliott is a nurseryman, recently established at Cincinnati, and with such facilities as are at his command, we have no doubt will make the Magazine a useful and interesting publica- tion. The first number contains seven lithographic engravings of the following frnits : — The Beurre d"Aremberg pear, Washington plum, Baldwin and Detroit apples, and Elton cherry, together with an article on the grape. Tlie work is to be issued on the first of every other month, making six numbers a year, and an annual volume of one hundred pages, and thirty engravings. Furnished at the low price of two dollars a year, in advance. We welcome the Magazine as a co-laborer in the cause of horticultural improvement, and would commend it to cultivators as a useful book of reference in ascertaining the names of fruits. Art. III. An Addi'ess delivered before the New Haven Hor- ticidtural Society^ May 25th, 1843. By A. S. Monson, M. D., President of the Society. With the Transactions of the Society for the year 1842. Pamphlet, 8vo. pp. 72. New Haven, 1843. A VERY interesting Address, delivered before the New Haven Horticultural Society, in May. Dr. Monson has gathered together a variety of practical information, and condensed it in such a manner as to form a useful book of reference. His opening remarks relative to our climate, as compared with that of England, convey a useful hint to all cultivators : " The American Horticulturist needs for his guide American works on gardening. Very many errors in practice have been adopted by us in consequence of following instructions derived from English authorities. Their mode of cultivation may, indeed, often be successful in this coun- try ; but, in numerous instances, it will be productive only of failure and disappointment. This is owing to the difference of climate. The climate of England, as compared with that of the United States, is one of extreme humidity. The frequent and long continued obscura- tion of the sun by clouds and fogs there, retards the ripening of fruits and Neiv Haven Horticultural Society. 347 seeds, and the elaboration of wood, and often chills the air to that degree, even in the month of July, as to render it incongenial to the growth of the tender products of tlie garden. It is a very common practice in England to cover cucumbers and some other plants, even in midsummer, by 3 or 4 o'clock, P. M. William Cobbett boasted that he could ripen Indian Corn in England. The summer when he tried it, was one of remarkable sun- shine for England ; and he did succeed in maturing a small, early kind of Indian Corn. But it was a rare hit, and we believe he did not venture to try again. The recommendation of the practice of removing evergreens in the sum- mer, just as they are forming a new growth, in June and August, origi- nated in the works of English gardeners. Although it may sometimes succeed here, it will not generally, unless the season or the soil happen to be of uncommon moisture. Spring is the appropriate season for trans- planting evergreens. An excellent Horticulturist (the late Judge Buel) recommended their removal during the summer ; but his success may be accounted for by the peculiarity of his soil.* It is not strange that English works on Horticulture should not suit us, when we contrast our bright skies with their vapory climate. Their sum- mers afford too little sun-light, and abound too much in moisture, to ripen some of the finer fruits. But our summers, on the other hand, are often so dry as to require extensive artificial irrigation ; and our droughts occa- sionally destroy, in situ, the grass of the field, and some of the trees of the forest. Many European trees and shrubs, like the English Hawthorns, so beautiful there, will blast when introduced here, and become unsightly. Our native Crataegi are universally preferable to theirs ; and we know of but few European trees which flourish as well in our climate as our own. The English Elm is a beautiful tree, but does not flourish here as well as our native kinds. The great clearness of our atmosphere, and the intense heat of our summer sun require a different aspectf and slope for our green- houses, from what prevails in England. It is neither needful nor desira- ble with us, as it is with them, that we should construct our greenhouses so as to derive the greatest possible influence from the heat of the sun's rays." Of the forest trees of this cotmtry which are vaktable for ornamental plants, the author remarks : " Some of the oaks of New England, as the coccinea, rubra, &c., are trees of great beauty of foliage ; but the southern section of our country * This was situated directly over what is called hard-pan, which compacts the roots Hke those of a plant in a flower-pot. t For a miscellaneous collection of plants, such as are generally found in ordinary greenhouse structures among us, an aspect ov exposure which shall not receive any of the sun's rays after one or two o'clock in the afternoon, appears to me the most desirable ; and we should prefer it for many tropical plants, and likewise for grapes. One remark on glass for greenhouses. This should be of a thickness so near uniform as to prevent its concentrating the sun's rays. The Boston crown glass, that has been generally recommended for this use, is the worst possible kmd. Very many of the panes being lenses, a single one of which, at the distance of from two to eight feet, will often burn the leaves and impair the beauty of a dozen pots of plants in a few hours. 348 Monsoyis Address before the produces the greatest number of beautiful oaks, and some are evergreen/ The Quercus Phellos, or Willow Oak, is a beautiful tree of New Jersey and the South, but endures our climate, and is kept in nurseries for sale. The Red Maple of our forests, {Acer riibnnn,) with its early red flowers' in the spring, and bright red foliage in autunni, render it even a more desirable tree than the sugar maple. The Acer dasycarpum, a native of New Jersey, is a fine vigorous tree, well adapted to our climate. The Acer striatum, called in Vermont, Moose Wood, is an interesting tree, of moderate size, having greenish striped bark and handsome dark foliage. The Larch, the Beech, Birch, Linden, Tulip, Platanus, Magnolia, Laurus, Fraxinus, Sorbus, Cornus, Gleditschia, Planera, Populus, Salix, Madura, Ailantbus,* and many other genera, afford fine specimens of the ornamental deciduous trees of New England. A few species of some of these genera of European growth, are remarkable for growing well in our climate. This is the case with the European Linden, the European Mountain Ash ; and the latter form here a far more beautiful tree than our own species. The European Larcli thrives as well here as our own spe- cies. This is one of the most beautiful trees cultivated. It resembles a fountain in its graceful proportions and outline, its flowering pendulous branches and spray-like foliage. The arrangement of collections of trees in such a manner as to increase their beauty by contrast, is very desirable and easily effected. If we plant those having the light foliage of the Abele, and some others of the genus Populus, Pyrus, Betula, &c., bythe dark greenf of the Ash Linden, &c., — and likewise the bright diversified coloring of the autumnal foliage of the Sassafras, the Red Maple, the Hornbeam, the Sumach, to meet the eye among those of more sombre hue and unchanged green. Ornamental Shrubs. The genus Pyrus, Clethra, Staphylea, Androm- eda, Spiraea, Alnus, Shepardia, Viburnum, Cornus, Sambucus, Rhus, Rhodora, Azalea, &c., afl!brd many very ornamental shrubs. The beauty of the Honeysuckle azalea, is familiar to all. This universal favorite may be transplanted successfully when in flower, if introduced into an appro- priate situation, a damp soil somewhat shaded. The Staphylea trifoliata is a speckle-stemmed shrub, six or eight feet in height, of symmetrical shape, highly ornamental in its flowers, and particularly interesting and curious in its large hanging clusters of inflated rattling capsules of seeds. This shrub is more rare, but grows abundantly on the northern slope of West Rock, and always thrives vigorously when transplanted into the garden. The sweet-scented Clethra is another neglected but exceedingly pretty * The beauty of the Ailanthus, when loaded with the seed, which some varieties of it are even upon quite small trees, cannot be judsfed of by those commonly seen in this city, which are rcmarkatile for seldom producing any seed. These trees, in this city, which are large enough to flower, have I leen obtained mostly from suckers, and are of one variety. The matured wood of the Ailanthus is said to be useful, having a fine color, and susceptible of a polish. + The Porcelia triloba, or Papaw of the South, is a tree of vcrj' dark ornamental foliage and pendant purple flowers ; fruit said to be edible ; grows well in the Mid- dle States. Prof Ives of this city has one that has thrived -vigorously for many years, and seems hardy. It has never ripened its fruit, it having fallen off prema- turely. The wood of this tree is said to have an affinity for meat, which it is said to preserve, and to render tough meat and poultry tender if boiled with it. New Haven Horticultural Society. 349 shrub, having showy spikes of white flowers of uncommon fine fragrance, and although it prefers damp soils, it endures that of our gardens. Our limits forbid noticing many others perhaps equally interesting. Evergreens. The Norway Pine, Pinus abies, Cluster pine, Pinus pinas- ter, and the American Cypress, Thuja occidentalis,* are three of the most desirable evergreens, adapted to the soil of this vicinity. This spe- cies of thucia is cultivated here ; but we have often noticed those growing on the banks of the North River, which did not appear as the same, being far more compact and beautiful. Mr. Downing, of Newburg, cultivates this variety, and informs me it is far more beautiful than the one com- monly cultivated, but the same species. Of the genus Pinus there are many other species commonly cultivated. The Taxus canadensis is a pretty evergreen, appropriate to church- yards ; grows in dense shaded woods. But both the American and English species will grow in open exposures in a damp soil.f The genus Kalmia, or Laurel, of our woods, and its congener, the Pennsylvania Mountain Laurel Rhododendron maximum, present a great profusion of floral beauty. Some of the exotic and Southern Rhododendra have been made the sport of florists in cross-fertilization, thereby producing varieties, some of which are exceedingly beautiful. {Pinus Cedrus,) Cedar of Lebanon. This tree, being a native of the coldest parts of Mount Libanus, is successfully cultivated in the State of New York, and perhaps it might withstand our climate. It is much ad- mired and cultivated in England. The wood of this celebrated tree is of a reddish color, having an aromatic quality, and said to be indestructible from decay. It is called, in the sacred v/ritings of Isaiah, the Glory of Lebanon. According to history, much of Solomon's temple, and of the temple of Diana at Ephesus, were built of it, — likewise the Ark of the Covenant. One of the largest trees now remaining in its native locality, is said to measure thirty-six and a half feet girth, and in spread of its branches one hundred and eleven feet. At twelve feet from the ground, it sends out large shoots distant from each other. It is described as a tree of most majestic, wild, and picturesque appearance. I had the pleasure this spring of seeing a young nursery of these trees, at the beau- tiful place of Mr. A. J. Downing, at Newburg, raised from seed grown on a large tree on the grounds of Mr. Ash, in Westchester, N. Y. The English have introduced successfully several other magnificent species of the pine genus, one from the coast of California, bearing cones fifteen inches in length, and others from the Hymalaya Mountains." Thirty pages of the pamphlet are filled with reports of the exhibitions of the Society for the past year ; and a large number of premiums were awarded. * This grows in great abundance on the banks of the Hudson River, and each tree, from the largest to the smallest, presents a close compact growth, as if trim- med to its symmetrical form. t The Taxus canadensis forms almost the only undergrowth of the woods near Trenton Falls, in the State of New York. 350 Domestic Notices. iMISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Art. I. Domestic Notices. Achimenes longiflbra. — In your No. of the Magazine for this month, I notice a few remarks on page 268, respecting that beautiful plant, the Achimenes longiflora. You speak of its having llowcred in " two or three collections in Cincinnati," and was exhibited tlirrc by Mr. Jackson. It is, indeed, a perfect gem, and in the collection of my brother at " Carolina Hall," is now flowering most beautifully. To those who have not seen it, there is in store much gratification, and the lovers of singular as well as elegant flowers, may see many such by making a visit to the above mentioned place. A fine plant of the Bouvardia triphylla is now covered with its brilliant scarlet flowers, and many of that splendid tribe of plants, the Ericas, are blooming superbly. The whole collection is in charge of Mr. Howard, who will be pleased to shew it to all admirers of floral beauties. — Respectfully yours, William W. Valk, Flushing, L. I., July 31, 1843. Sempervivum arachnoidcum. — I have succeeded in flowering this inter- esting Alpine species after subjecting it to rather a dry treatment during the past winter. The flower stems arose from the sides of the plant, and seemed to be the stolones or suckers, converted from leaves into flower branches. In this respect it diflers from the Sempervivum ticterum, which blossoms from the axil of the main plant. The flowers are small, but pretty, of a dark rose color : and a new set springs from the axils of the bractes after the first inflorescence. The main plant dies away com- pletely, while its existence is continued by a few barren suckers. From a thick and very brittle substance, the leaf becomes completely desiccated, and then exhibiting, in that condition, several dashes of dark brown spots at the base, which are not visible in the healthy and living foliage. — R- South Hingham, July and Aug. 1813. Long Rod or Spur System, of Pruning Vines. — Sir : Will you favor me with your opinion on the best and most productive mode of grape vine training, for in-door culture, through the medium of your Magazine of Horticulture. My practice in grape forcing has convinced me the spur mode is the best, the neatest, and quite as productive as any. I have an extensive range of glass, covering vines under my management ; if my employer would be advised by me, he will use the spur system and no other. It will be more satisfactory for him to hear your opinion through your ably edited Magazine. — Your most obedient servant, Charles J. Ryan, Oat land Villa, L. /., Aug. 1813. [So far as our experience goes, we are in favor of the spur system of pruning. It is now generally adopted by the best and most experienced amateurs and gardeners. Mr. Haggerston, gardener to Mr. Cushing,who is considered one of the best cultivators, prunes on this plan altogether, having several hundred feet of grapery under his charge. Mr. Allen, of Salem, and other amateurs, also adopt it. We should advise Mr. Ryan's employer to have his vines pruned on the spur system ; but that the ques- tion may be more satisfactory, let one half the vines be pruned on the long rod and the other on the spur method. This experiment, if there is any doubt, will decide the question. — Ed.] Retrospective Criticism. 351 Art. it. Retrospective Criticism. The Cultivation of the Pelargonium, dye. — Sir, — We, several lady- amateurs of Baltimore, Washington and Alexandria, subscribers and attentive readers of your valuable magazine, beg to state a grievance, and prefer a request. We have attempted to cultivate the pelargonium and failed. That you may be enabled to judge why, we will state the treat- ment pursued. In July last, cut down the parent plants, placed them in the sun, and watered plentifully ; in September, removed them to a green- room, temperature generally about sixty, watered sparingly. Nov. Dec. Jan. gave air as far as the season would admit, and removed them to the garden in May. They grew awkward and unsightly, many did not bloom, and others produced only a few small contemptible ilowers, very late in the season. The cuttings planted in leaf mould and sand, in boxes and pots sunk in a tan bed, watered sparingly the first week, and keep the frame closed. But few rooted, those we treated in winter as the parent plants. One tells us, you erred in not changing them often enough, the roots should have been pared off, and the plants repotted in four inch pots in July, again cut down, and repotted in Sept. and Feb., in larger sizes ; another says you should put them in two inch pots in July, water spar- ingly, or none, in Dec. Jan. and Feb., repot in four inch pots in March, and water abundantly. One cries too much heat, another too little air, they should be starved, and another watered abundantly ; pray end this strife of opinions by stating, in your next number, the treatment deemed best to insure a prolific bloom of large, rich-colored flowers early in the spring. Be kind enough to begin with cutting down the parent plant in July, and give the ivhole process, till they bloom again : also, the treatment for cuttings till they bloom. We are aware they are esteemed very easy of cultivation ; we have not found them so ready to bloom. Perhaps Mr. Teschemacher, whose lucid, practical remarks w'e have so often read with pleasure and improvement in former Nos. of your valuable magazine, will favor us with an article in your next number. What would be the effect if they were not pruned in ? what varieties produce the best seed ? how grow them, the seed bearers, in the strongest manner ? state the best manner of producing hybridization. What do you esteem the best work on pelargo- niums? what are esteemed the best two dozen varieties now in this coun- try] Regular cultivators seem to feel any information they may give as injurious to their interests : mistaken idea ! do they not live by cultivating a refined and elegant taste in others ? In flowers, as in all else, if success- lul, we engage more extensively, if not, discouraged, we relinquish the pursuit. If they give any information, it seems to be on the same princi- ple as the old lady who gave a receipt for making cake to a young friend, leaving out the most material item, and when the omission was pointed out to her, replied, " I did it intentionally, first, that she might shew her skill in supplying the deficiency, next, that she might learn the most im- portant part from experience, as it would be remembered, longer. Alas ! she forgot the waste of sugar, eggs, and cloves ! No doubt they intend to be explicit, but forget, to the uninitiated, all is important. Believing you intend your work to awake and improve the general taste, we beg to remind you that the mass of amateurs, though theoretical botanists, are primary scholars in the art of cultivation, and require minute directions. 352 Retrospective Criticism. Do plants in a pit or pot require more, or less water, than -when exposed in the open air ! At your leisure, do us the favor to give an arti- cle on the treatment oi Azaleas, especially during winter, so as to produce large and plentiful bloom, also tlie proper mode of cultivating the Daphne ! What do you mean when you say in No. 4 or 5 pots? wc understand by it here, 4 or 5 inches in diameter. If you would, at your convenience, give an article on roses, daphnes, azaleas, jasminums, camellias, stat- ing the mixture of earths most suitable for each, when, and how often they require to be changed, the best mode, and the various methods em- ployed in propagation, the errors most apt to be committed, and above all, their treatment during the winter season, the proportion of water, heat, in fact, all that tends to promote bloom : we are convinced you would gratify your numerous readers, extend the circulation of the Magazine, and confer an obligation on many Sincere lovers of the sweet and beautiful, July 31, 1843. [Nothing gives us more pleasure than to communicate information to our readers, and more especially to our fair friends, when they request us to do so. Our object is to render the growth of plants familiar to all, and we lose no opportunity to convey our own ideas, or those of other culti- vators, when we are enabled to do so. We duly commiserate the grievances whicii our lady amateurs of Wash- ington, and other adjacent cities, labor under, in relation to the growth of the pelargonium, and would willingly give them the aid of all our experi- ence upon the subject, had we not already done so, in the most plain and explicit manner. If our lady enquirers have long been attentive readers of our Magazine, they certainly could not have overlooked the articles which have appeared in our pages on the cultivation of the pelargonium. In our Vol. III. p. 94, is an excellent article, by our intelligent corres- pondent J. W. Russell, and at p. 292, of the same Vol., another, Ijy that most successful cultivator of the pelargonium, Mr. Hogg ; and in Vol. V. p. 203, we gave our own ideas at some length, beginning with the propa- gation of the plants, and following through all the stages of growth, to the period of blooming. To make any further remarks, at this time, would only be a repetition of what we then stated, and we must therefore refer our querists to the several articles above named, where they will find all the information needed to cultivate the pelargonium successfully. As our correspondents have named Mr. Teschemacher, perhaps he will grat- ify them with his mode of cultivation, which may be different from our own. There are, however, one or two questions which were not fully answered in our article, which we now reply to, viz. : — 1st. " What would be the effect if they [Pelargoniums] were not pruned in ?" The effect would be that tlie plants would run up tall and strag- gling, and be unsightly objects in the parlor or greenhouse. The best cultivation would not make them ornamental plants, or produce good blooms ; the plants should always be cut down in the month of June or July. There is no other mode of making a good plant. 2d. " What varieties produce the best seed ?" Most any of the varie- ties produce seeds, if the flowers are properly fertilized ; but the best va- rieties to seed from are those which have the finest siiaped and best marked flowers. Garth's Perfection seeds freely, and is a good variety to raise new sorts from. 3d. "How grow the seed-bearers in the strongest manner?" As RetrosiJective Criticism. 353 recommended in our article Vol. V. p. 203. By trimming out all small shoots, and allowing only a few of the finest trusses to expand. Giving water abundantly, and occasionally liquid manure. 4th. " State the best manner of producing hybridization T' Experi- ence, alone, will enable the cultivator to do this successfully. The best formed flowers should always be selected, and if a light flower is wanted, the parent varieties should be light colored, and both possess good habits. If flowers with dark spots are desired, one of the parents should have a large, clear and dark flower, whatever its other qualities may be, and, if crossed with a fine, large, well-formed, light flower, the chances are that the progeny will possess well-marked flowers. Our article on the sub- ject in Vol. I. p. 97, will give much information on this head. 5th. "What do you esteem the best two dozen varieties now in this country?" Arabella, Nymph, Lifeguardsman, Sylph, Garth's Perfec- tion, Conservative, Matilda, Portia, Bridegroom, Magna Charta, Victory, Diadematum Superbum, Alexandrina,Erectum, Una, Climax, Coronation, Alicia, Jewess, Vulcan, Orange Boven, Masterpiece, Joan of Arc, King John . The queries in relation to other subjects are summed up, for want of room, as follows : Plants in a pit do not need as much water as when placed in the open air. An excellent article on the cultivation of the Azalea, will be found in Vol. VI. p. 24, but we shall give one of our own in the next volume. The Daphne is well treated upon in Vol. I. p. 296. If our querists will turn to Vol. V. p. 46, they will find an explanation to our use of the Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, &c., when applied to pots; the article is accompanied with engravings. The camellia, roses, and other plants, will be fully treated upon in our next volume. Having thus answered all the principal queries propounded to us by the ladies, we must invite them to a careful perusal of the articles referred to, and if they will follow the advice given, we are sure they will meet with as good success as can be expected by those who are not experienced cultivators. We are at all times ready and willing to answer any ques- tions which our readers may propose, and should any further information be required, we shall be pleased to give it in a condensed manner. — Ed.^ Art. III. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Saturday, August 5th, 1843. Exhibited. — Flowers : From the Presi- dent of the Society, fine specimens of the iilium lancifolium album, one of ihe new and beautiful varieties introduced from Japan, by Mr. Siebold, a descriptive account of which will be found in a previous volume. J. Stickney exhibited a flower of the new dahlia Essex Triumph, but so imperfect, at this early season, that it could not be considered as a speci- men from which to estimate its character. From H. W. Dutton, fair blooms of Constantia, Miranda, Perpetual Grand, Maid of Bath, Charles XII., and some others. Mr. Robinson exhibited two good dahlia flowers, one of which was supposed to be Oakley's Surprize, the new tipped one ; it was a good bloom for the season. Sulphurea elegans, from J. G. VOL. IX. NO. IX. 45 354 Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Sprague. Bouquets from Hovey & Co., W. Kenrick, J. C. Howard and S. Walker. From W. E. Carter, two new seedling phloxes, one a white and the other a red ; the white was not quite equal to his old seedling white, of which a specimen was also shown, but it was very fine ; both had large, compact spikes ; also Campanula carpatica, and a new species called the C. Wahlenbergn, with very large and deep blue flowers, very handsome; and Pentstemon geniianoides coccinea. S. R. Johnson exhibited a variety of verbenas, picotee pinks, double scarlet pomegranate, and Noisette and Bengal roses. From J. F. Trull, Gladiolus natalensis, dahlias, fine bal- sams, verbenas, &c. From J. L. L. F. Warren, several dahlias and hand-' some bouquets. Fruits : From O. Johnson, handsome specimens of Black Hamburgh, Zinfindal and Muscat of Alexandria grapes ; the clusters of the former weighed about a pound each, and although the berries were not of that great size often seen, yet for richness of bloom, deep coloring of the ber- ries and handsome form of the clusters, they were superior to any other specimens shown this season. Dr. Wm. P. Richardson, of Salem, sent specimens of his seedling cherry, called by Mr. Manning, in our last vol- ume, (Vni. p. 285,) " Richardson's late Black;" those now exhibited were rather small, and the color dark red; Mr. Manning's specimen must have been very much darker colored, or otherwise he could not have de- scribed this variety : it is a fine late cherry, sweet and rich. From J. C. Howard, fine specimens of Black Hamburgh and White Chasselas grapes ; the berries of the former very large : also Green Chisel pears, and red, yellow and Cuba tomatoes. From A. D. Williams, large and superior Red and White Dutch currents. From Messrs Winship, a box of hand- some Belle et Magnifique cherries. John Hovey exhibited a basket of Early Harvest Apples, large, beautiful and good. From J. F. Trull, Early Scarlet plums. From J. L. L. F. Warren, fine Franconia raspberries and figs. From A. K. Brown, Dorchester, gooseberries. From Geo. Walsh, Black Naples currents, large and good. Vegetables : Messrs. Winships exhibited two stalks of Myatt's Victoria rhubarb. August l-2th. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to day — ' the President in the chair. A delegation of five members was appointed to attend the fair of the American Institute in New York, in October next. The delegation con- sists of the President, B. V. French, E. Wight, C. M. Hovey and R. M. Copeland, with power to fill vacancies should any occur. Mr. Walker, from the Committee of Arrangements, reported that the Annual Exhibition would take place on the 13th, 14th, and 15th days of September next, at the Society's room in Tremont Row. S. A. Walker was admitted a member of the Society. Voted, to adjourn from week to week until the close of the exhibition in September. Adjourned, Exhibited. — Flowers : From the President, specimens of Z-ilium lanci- folium album and L. speciosum ; the latter a very splendid species : only a single flower was shown, as the bulb is not yet sufficiently strong to produce more. W. E. Carter exhibited some very beautiful seedling phloxes, some of them great novelties : three were striped ones of various shades of pink marked with crimson or darker colors ; the spikes large, and Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 355 the flowers of good form ; the others were two fine white varieties ; also a fine plant of Achimenes longiflora about six inches high, with elevea flowers; and dahlias and bouquets. From Jos. Breck and Co., several varieties of phloxes, among v/hich were some seedlings. From S. Walker, a variety of phloxes, including some seedlings, one of which was slightly variegated and very handsome, though much less distinct in color than Mr. Carter's. From Mr. Quant, gardener to Col. Perkins, a display of fine double Balsams. S. R. Johnson exhibited a variety of roses, verbenas, phloxes, double flowering pomegranate, &c. : among the roses a fine cluster of Madame Desprez. From E. Winslow, Dor- chester, several dahlias. From J. L. L. F. Warren, a few dahlias, among which he noticed Sir F. Johnston, a fine crimson purple, and which promises well ; also several large bouquets. Bouquets from W. Kenrick, J. Hovey, Dr. Howard, Hovey and Co., andS. Walker. From A. Bowditch, a plant of i/ibiscus J?6sa sinensis in a pot. Fruits : Capt. Lovett exhibited some very handsome Red Astrachan and Early Bough apples. From S. Pond, several quarts of Italian Damask and Apricot plums, the former large and good. O. Johnson again exhib- ited specimens of Black Hamburgh grapes, which, for high color, fresh- ness of bloom, and the general form of the bunch and berries, as well as the taste, could not be well excelled : also Zinfindal grapes, handsome Early Bough Apples, and fine Citron des Carmes pears. From Hovey and Co., fine large Black Naples currents. From J. Trask, Lynn, small blue plums without name. From S. Walker, Citron des Carmes, Green Chisel and Sugar top pears. From B. V. French, Heath's Early Nonesuch apples. From C. Newhall, apples without name. From James Munroe, Cambridge, River apples large and good. From Dr. Howard, large and fine Black Hamburgh and White Chasse- las grapes : also Bergamot d'Ete (?) Jargonelle, and Green Sugar pears, and Red, Orange, and Cuba tomatoes. From W. Thomas, Italian Dam- ask plums. From J. L. L. F. Warren, handsome Sugar-top pears, Early Harvest and River apples, Franconia raspberries and figs ; also, Red Juneating, Early Bough and River apples raised in Rhode Island. A^egetables. — Specimens of the New Bassano Beet, (noticed at p. 99,) were exhibited by Messrs. Hovey and Co. ; they were large and hand- some, and promise to be a most valuable acquisition. August IQth. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day, the President in the chair. It was Voted, That the President, B. V. French, E. Vose, Samuel Walker and Jos. Stickney, be a committee for the purchase of a building lot suitable for the purposes of the Society, and that they be authorized and empowered to contract for such lot as, in their opinion, it will be for the interest of the Society to purchase, and that the President be fully authorized to sign, in behalf of the Society, any contract or agreement to carry the same into effect. Adjourned one week to August 26. Exhibited. — Flowers : There was a fine exhibition of phloxes to-day. The most beautiful were from Mr. Carter, of the Botanic garden, who dis- played a fine collection of seedlings, some of them quite novel and unique in their character ; among them several striped ones, of fine habit and large flowers : two seedling whites, were superb. From Hovey and Co., a variety of phloxes, including besides P. Wheelermwa, decussata alba. 356 MassacJiiisetts Horticultural Socieiij. and some other foreign kinds, several fine seedlings. Also, Chinese, Tea and Noisette roses, fine Double German slocks, and some very dark and ricli varieties of Phlox Druminondn. From S. Walker, fine phloxes, among them some handsome seedlings ; also, roses and bouquets, &c. From J. Breck and Co., phloxes, among them several fine seedlings ; also fiowers of Didiscus cseruleus, Achillea alba plena, Chclone barbata, CMome grandiflora, German asters, &c. From S. R. Johnson, fine spe- cimens of double Balsams, roses, verbenas, phloxes, &c. From J. F. Trull, phloxes, verbenas. Gladiolus natalensis, dahlias, &c. Some very fair dahlias were shown to-day, and among them a few quite new. H. K. Oliver, Salem, exhibited a very fine flower of Oakley's Sur- prise, which has been stated to be the best tipped variety yet raised ; it fully sustains this character even from a specimen at this early season. P. Barnes exhibited Essex Triumph, Ne Plus Ultra, Ploughboy, &c., the first quite inferior, both in form of petal and color ; unless it improves greatly, it will be second rate. E. Winslow, Dorchester, exhibited a variety of dahlias, some very good. From J. Stickney, dahlias, among the number a fine flower of Dodds"s Prince of Wales, a superb yellow. From J. L. L. F. Warren, about twenty dahlias, some of them good ; also bouquets and specimens of Gladiolus floribundus, and natalensis From Col. T. H. Perkins, by Mr. Quant, a variety of handsome seedhng petunias, pansies, and fine German asters. From S. A. Walker, dahlias and bouquets. Dahlias were also exhibited by F. W. INIacondry, and Dr. J. C. Howard. Fruits : The specimens of early apples exhibited were the finest ever seen on the Society's table. Capt. Lovett exhibited large and beautiful Early Bough, Red Astrachan, Early Harvest and Early Dutch apples. From 0. Johnson, large and fine Red Astrachan, and Early Bough apples, and Fotheringham plums. From A. D. Williams, large and beautiful specimens of Williams's Favorite apples. Mr. Vose exhibited very handsome, though not large, Williams's Favorite, Early Bough, and Early Red Juneating apples. John A. Kenrick exhibited good Wil- liams's Favorite, and River apples, and Royal de Tours plums. From Z. Hosmer, Cambridge, Red Astrachan apples from dwarf trees. From the Pomological Garden, Woolman's Long and Williams's Favorite apples ; also. Early Rousselet and Citron des Carmes pears and Wilmot's Early Orleans plums, the latter handsome. From the President of tiie Society, Jargonelle (of the French) pears, and Washington and yellow gage phmis. From W. Thomas, Italian Damask and Washington plums and apricots. S. Walker exhibited- Sugar top. Green Chisel and summer Franc Real pears, and Gravenstein apples. Apples without name from J. F. Trull. Skinless pears from J. Balch. From F. R. Bigelow, Early Anne peaches. Italian Damask plums from S. Pond. Fine Royal George Clingstone peaches from J. F. Allen. Apricots from T. Lewis, Roxbury. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Franconia raspberries and River apples. Vegetables. — Egg plants large and good from Col. T. II Perkins. Handsome maiTOw squashes from Dr. Howard. A prominent object of attraction was the produce of two seeds of sweet corn planted by J. E. Teschemacher, in the Public Garden, Charles Street, on the 12th May last, in poor sandy soil. One without any ma- nure ; product, one stalk, one ear, weight l^ pounds. The other, manured Massaclmsetts Horticultural Society. 357 with Guano ; product, eight good ears, and four or five useless ones ; weight, eight pounds. Only two spoonfuls of the Guano were used on this hill. These specimens were taken from a small piece planted with corn at the same time. Every other hill manured with Guano, and the effect is the same throughout the whole. August 26th'. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held, the Pre- sident in the chair. Mr. S. Walker, chairman of a committee chosen some time since to select a building lot for the Society, requested that the committee might be discharged from any further duty, which was granted. Adjourned one week to September 3d. Exhibited. — Flowers : From Hovey and Co., ten small and pretty bou- quets composed mostly of Bourbon, Tea, Bengal and Noisette roses. W. E. Carter exhibited a plant of Achimenes longiflora ; also, four kinds of lobelias, viz. L. syphilitica and cardinalis, and two other kinds. From S. A. Walker, several dahlias and bouquets. From S. R. Johnson, fine Bal- sams, Verbenas, Roses, &c. From E. Winslow, several fine dahhas and phloxes, &c. From J. Hovey, verbenas. Phlox Drummondn, bouquets, &c. J. Breck and Co. exhibited some good German asters. From H. W. Button, several dahlias, including a few very good flowers. Bouquets were also exhibited by S. Walker, W. Kenrick, J. F. Trull, J. L. L. F. Warren and others. Fruits: The display of fruits was exceedingly good, though not quite equal to the preceding Saturday. From L. P. Grosvenor, beautiful Wil- liams's Favorite, Garden Sweet, Hill-top, River, Mexico, Early Bough, Benoni and Amber crab apples. From S. Pond, five boxes good Wash- ington plums. O. Johnson exhibited fine Fotheringham plums ; also, summer Franc R6al, Julienne and English Red Cheek (^) pears, and Early Bough apples and peaches. From A. D. Williams, superb speci- mens of Williams's Favorite apple. Small yellow plums from I. Bartlett, Quincy, which appeared to be the the Drap d'Or, though gathered from a tree supposed to be a native seedling. Apricots of good size from the Hon. John Welles. S. R. Johnson, fine Washington plums. Hovey and Co. exhibited a branch of the Ohio Everbearing Raspberry, with green and ripe fruit, being the produce of the second crop on the wood of the present year. Large figs from F. Tudor, raised at Nahant. Benoni apples from Dr. E. Wight. From J. Hovey, plums without name. From Geo. 0. Farmer, Sweetwater grapes. Apricots from E. E. Brad- shaw, Charlestown. From J.T. Buckingham, a good specimen of the Cham- pagne currant. From S. Walker, Washington plums and very large summer Franc Real and Williams's Bonchretien pears. The most splendid speci- mens of plums ever placed upon the Society's table were from Captain Lovett ; they were very large, fair, and beautifully tinted with red on the sunny side : he also exhibited handsome apples called the Early Dutch, and a large canteloupe melon. From S. A. Walker, Washington plums. From the Pomological Garden, Rostiezer, and Passe long bras pears, (the latter inferior,) and Devonshire Quarrenden, and Corse's Seedling sweet apples. From P. P. Spalding, Lowell, specimens of a new apple, called Spalding's Early Seedling. Vegetables : Dr. J. C. Howard exhibited two quarts of large and good Lima beans. 358 Fanenil Hall Market. Art. IV. Fantuil Hull Market. Roots, Tubers, 4-c. Potatoes, new : Chenangoes, JPerbu'shil, Common,.... \lll\-^X Eastports,...{P-Si Sweet, per bushel, . . . Turnips, per bunch, . Onions : White, per bunch, . Rareripes, per bunch, Yellow, per bunch, . Yellow, per bushel. Beets, per bunch, . . Carrots, per bunch, . Radishes, per bunch, . Horseradisn, per lb. . Cabbages, Salads, tf-c. Cabbages, per doz. : Early York, Drumhead, Savoy, Cauliflowers, each, . . , Lettuce, per head, . . . . Rhubarb, per pound, . . , String Beans, per bushel : Cranberry, .... Shell Beans, per quart : Common, Sieva, Corn, per dozen ears : Common, Sweet, Celery, per root, . . . Peppers, per lb. ... Cucumbers, (pickled) pr gal Peppers (pickled) per gal. Pol and Sweel Herbs Parsley, per half peck. Sage, per pound, . . Marjoram, per bunch. Savory, per bunch. Spearmint, per bunch. From To Sets. Sets. 1 50 62^ — 1 25 50 — 1 75 2 00 1 00 2 00 — 6 8 4 6 4 g 4 6 1 00 1 25 C — 6 — 8 10 50 50 75 50 75 124 20 4 6 I 00 - 12.^ _ 20 — 8 _ 8 10 10 12-^ 3 25 37^ — 25 _ 17 20 6 \l\ 6 3 From Squashes and Pumpkins. $ cts. Autumnal Marrow, per lb. . 2 Bush-Squashes, per doz. Summer Crookneck,prdoz. Fruits. Apples^ dessert and cooking : '^illiams' Favorite, pr bu. 2 00 Porter, per bushel, . . .12 50 River, per bushel, . . .Il 50 Hartford, Sweet, per bar.|2 00 Common^er barrel, . . 2 00 Siberian Crabs, per bush. 1 50 Plums, per quart or box : Washington, .... 20 Green Gage, 20 White Gage, .... 20 Italian Damask, ... 20 Common, 12j Pears, per peck : Jargonelle, or Katten Bartlett, 1 Common, Baking, Peaches, per peck : Early Anne, Large, Common, Whortleberries, per quart, . Blackberries, per quart, Watermelons, each, . . , Muskmelons, each : Large Canteloupe, . . . Green Citron, .... High-bush Cranlier's, prbu Cucumbers, per doz. Per hund. (for pickling,) . Tomatoes, per bushel, . , Grapes, per pound : Black Hamburgh, . . . White Sweetwater, . . Figs, per doz Pine-apples, each, . . , Lemons, per doz Oranges, per doz. . . . Chesnuts, per bushel, . . Walnuts, per bushel, . . Cocoanuts, per hund. . . To $ cts. 1 50 1 75 10 12h 2 50 10 00 75 25 31 37^ Remarks. — One extreme appears to follow another ; after the long continued drought the earth has been deluged with rain, and in some parts of the country immense quantities have fallen, doing much damage to the crops, roads, canals, &c. The accounts of the great rains in New York and Philadelphia have probably been read in the papers of the Obituary. 369 day. There is no lack of moisture now, and crops which were at one time suffering; for rain, are in some situations equally suiFering from too great an abundance of it. Vegetables. — Potatoes have come in rather slowly, owing to the dry weather, and prices have kept up. Sweet are now received from New Jersey. Turnips are very scarce ; the dry weather ruined early crops. Onions are abundant now and good. Beets and carrots do not yet come in by the bushel. Of cabbages there has been a scanty supply ; the winter crop, however, now looks well, and will be over an average one. String beans have been scarce, and prices have ranged unusually high ; shell beans now come in quite freely. Peas are all gone. Sweet corn is now abundant and good. Peppers have just come to hand. Summer squashes are plentiful, and from the abundance of marrows brought in, are verv dull. The marrow squash crop will be good and prices low. Fruits. — Apples are now abundant, and in greater variety than at the time of our last. Some beautiful Williams's Favorite, and other sorts, have been brought in ; the Porters have just come to hand, and are yet scarce. An immense quantity of apples is received from Connecticut, called the Hartford Sweet. There have also been small lots of Early Harvest, Sopsavine, &c., brought in, but they are now gone. Pears are abundant, but mostly from New York ; some few good sorts, among Which are the Bartlett's, have been received. Peaches, with the excep- tion of a few Early Anne are received from New York. The plum crop would have been very large, but for the heavy rains which have cracked and destroyed great quantities of fruit, particularly of the large kinds. Tomatoes are abundant, good and cheap. Grapes are now more plentiful and lower. Watermelons are abundant, and good ; large quantities are brought from Springfield, by rail-road, and disposed of in our market ; no less than five tons came down in one freight train, by rail-road. Green Citron melons are brought from New York. In other fruits but little is now doing.— Af. T., Boston, August 29, 1843. Art. V. Obituary. Died, in Roxbury, on the 13th of Aug., John Prince, Esq., at the age of 73 years. For many years Mr. Prince has lived a retired life, and during that period his name has been so seldom before the public, that many have almost forgotten the important part which he formerly took in the progress of agricultural and horticultural improvement. Mr. Prince, at one time, owned one of the finest gardens around Bos- ton. He was one of the first to introduce from abroad many of the new kinds of pears and other fruits, from which the amateur is now reaping such rich results. He also introduced many new greenhouse plants ; his collection, fifteen or sixteen years ago, was one of the largest in the vicinity. Almost the first greenhouse plant we ever purchased or pos- sessed we had from Mr. Prince's garden. It was a small specimen of the Lantana camara, and so strong was the impression made upon us by the beauty of the flower, that we have ever since had plants in our collection. Mr. Prince was, from its first organization, an active member, and a Trustee, of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society. He imported the 36U Horticultural Memoranda. first cast-iron plough, and he was the first to propose a ploughing match for the trial of this valuable implement. To the active life of Mr. Prince, and his merits as an agriculturist, the public are deeply indebted ; his private virtues were equal to his public worth ; he was a generous townsman ; and his integrity gained for him many friends, whose respect and esteem for his virtues increased to the pe- riod of his death. HORTICULTURAL MEMORANDA FOR SEPTEMBER. FRUIT DEPARTMENT. Grape Vines will now be ripening off their wood, and every attention should be given to mature it as much as possible, as nothing conduces so much to the success of the next year crop. Stop all shoots now, in order to check the flow of sap, and throw it into the dormant buds. Strawberry Beds may be made this month with entire success. Keep old beds, as well as those set out in August, clear of weeds. Peach Trees may be budded any time during this month. Seeds of Fruit Trees may be sown this month. FLOWER DEPARTMENT. Dahlias should now receive attention. The dry weather of July in- jured them very severely, and but for the timely rains which have lately fallen, no flowers of any consequence would have been obtained this sea- son. As it is, the bloom will be a scanty one compared with last year. Prune out, immediately, all useless shoots, such as have been stopped by insects, &c., and take away all inferior buds ; a fair bloom may then be expected the latter part of September. Camellias may yet be repotted, if other work has not allowed an oppor- tunity to attend to it. Cuttings may also be put in now. Seeds should be sown this month. Calla Ethiopica, allowed to dry in the pots, should now be fresh potted in good bog earth and loam. Amaryllis Belladonna should be repotted immediately. Cyclamens, placed out in the open ground in July, should be taken up into pots the latter part of the month. Pelargoniums should be repotted now, and cuttings put in in July should be potted oiT this month. Cuttings of Roses put in in July should be potted oflf, and placed in a frame. Old plants wanted for early flowering should be potted this month. Heliotropes should be repotted this month. Chinese Primroses, in seedling pans, should now be potted off". Stocks and other Annuals should be potted off" this month. Chrysanthemums should be repotted this month for the last time previ- ous to blooming. Sparaxis, Ixias, and similar bulbs, may be potted this month, and placed in a frame. THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE OCTOBER, 1843. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Art. I. Pomological Notices; or notices respecting- neio and superior fruits loorthy of general cultivation. De- scriptions of six varieties of Pears. By the Editor. At page 249, where we last gave the descriptions of six va- rieties of pears, we mentioned that we should continue, from time to time, to make selections from the large number of drawings which we had made of superior varieties, until we had offered to our readers all which possess any inter- est to the cultivator, or are worthy of general cultivation. At page 132 we gave six engravings ; at page 249 six oth- ers ; and we now add six more, making in all eighteen varieties, figured and described in the present volume. The season is now approaching when we shall be able to make many additions to our collection of drawings ; and we shall avail ourselves of the opportunity which will en- able us to procure specimens, of which there can be no doubt respecting their identity. Notwithstanding such fa- cilities are now afforded, both from colored drawings and written descriptions, there is yet much confusion among cultivators. Our object will be to aid in lessening the difficulty of detecting synonyms and correcting errors of cultivators. In selecting fruits for our engravings we have usually made our choice from a number of specimens, and have taken such as retain most fully the general characters of the va- riety. All pears vary exceedingly in form, but some kinds much more than others. It is this variation which has giv- en rise to so many new names. In comparing fruits with VOL. IX. NO. X. 46 362 Pomological Notices : our engravings, in order to identify them, this should be borne in mind — a single pear selected without such caution will often lead into error. It was, we believe, an invaria- ble rule of the late Mr. Manning, never to give a name to a pear from a single specimen when there was the least doubt. 13. Citron Des Carmes. Hort. Soc. Cat, 3d Ed. Madeleine. JV*. Duhamel, Pom. Mag. Noisette Jard. Fr. Prince's, Pom. Man. Rose Angle Early. Hort. Soc. Cat., 2d and 3d ed. Green Chisel of some Amencan Gardens. Early Chaumontel of some Am. collections, according to Prince. This fine pear {fig. 29,) is the only excellent early vari- ety we possess. It is an old French pear, and is described Citron des Carmes Pear. by Rozier, Miller, Forsyth, and others. It is very accu- rately figured in the New Duhamel, Vol. VI. pi. 61. It is also figured in the Pom. Mag., Vol. II. pi. 51 ; but the coloring is so much higher than that in the N. Dvh., that it suggests a question of its identity. The wood, how- ever, "and the description, correspond so nearly, that there can be no doubt of its being the same. The specimen was probably from a dwarf tree, perhaps on the quince, which would be likely to give it a tinge of red. O/-, Descriptions of New Fruits. 363 Mr. Manning states that it is the " first good pear which ripens." The tree is of flourishing and vigorous growth, and is remarkable for its erect and handsome form. It is also an abundant bearer, producing fruit every year. Mr. Prince states that the tree appears to be more afliected by fire blight than any other variety, and attributes this to its vigor and profusion of sap. But since it is now well as- certained that the blight is caused by an insect, we think this objection will no longer apply. It grows well either on the quince or pear stock. Size, medium, two inches long and one and three-quar- ters inches in diameter : Form, obovate, largest about one- third from the eye, and tapering gradually to the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, pale green, becoming yellower as it matures, and occasionally, but not often, having a brown- ish tinge on the sunny side, with a few specks of russett scattered at, and around, the base of the stem : Stem, very long, one and three-quarters of an inch, slender, smooth, brownish-green, inserted on the side of a small protuber- ance : Eye, small, in a slightly depressed, furrowed cavity : Flesh, yellowish white, melting, and very juicy, with a little grit at the core : Flavor, delicate and pleasant, with- out much perfume : Core, rather large : Seeds, black. Ripe the end of July and beginning of August. Our drawing is from a specimen furnished by our correspond- ent, Mr. O. Johnson of Lynn. We have followed the Catalogue of the London Hort. Soc, 2d and 3d Ed., in calling it the Citron des Carmes. It is said to have the name of Madeleine, from its ripening about the period of the fete de St. Madeleine. Among some of our nurserymen, and in many private gardens, it is cultivated under the name of Green Chisel, quite a dis- tinct fruit. 14. Jargonelle. Hort. Soc. Cat., 1st, 2d and 3d Ed. Epargne. Prince's Fom. Man., Coxe, and French autliors, Grosse Ciiisse Madame, ^ Beau Present, 1 r\r. -n u -i. Saint Lambert, Of French writers Saint Samson, j and gardeners. Poire des Tables des Princes, j Sweet Summer, ? tt . o /-f j oj j Frauenschenkel, \ H"^*' ^^^^ <^«'-' ^^ ^^' Real Jargonelle. Fess. Am. Gard. Lady's Thigh. Forsyth's Treatise. 364 Pomological Notices ; The Jargonelle pear {fig. 30,) is one of the oldest varie- ties cultivated, and very aged trees of it may he found in the old gardens of our vicinity, which yearly produce abundant crops. In the Pom. Mag. it is called the Queen Jargonelle Pear. of Autumn pears, an appellation which it Avell deserves. It is generally found in considerable quantities in our mar- ket, good specimens always commanding a high price ; and since the new sources of communication by railroad Or, Descriptio7is of New Fruits. 365 have been opened, great quantities have been sent to Bos- ton from New York, where it is produced in abundance in the orchards of that vicinity. No tree is more flourishing or vigorous, or produces more abundant crops ; the growth being of a stragghng and rather pendulous habit, the pears hang so thickly as to almost hide the wood and foliage. Its great vigor forms, says Prince, " a sorrowful comment on the principle of exhaustion of the variety by age." In Kenrick's Orchardist it is denominated an " outcast." There has been much confusion in regard to the name. We follow the Lon. Hort. Soc. Cat. in calling it the Jargo- nelle, that name having so long been adopted with English cultivators. Mr. Prince, following the French writers, calls it the Epargne, and thinks we should not continue the blunders of the English, who received this variety from France under the latter name. There is a real Jargonelle of the French, and thus the adoption of two names alike may lead to confusion. Long usage, however, must be the apology for continuing the name of Jargonelle, which is now so universally adopted with English writers.^ According to the Pom. Mag. the name is derived from Jargon, anciently Gergon, in Italian Gergo, in Spanish Gericonca, all corruptions of Graciim ; whence Merlet in- fers that the Jargonelle was the Pyrmn Tarentimmi of Cato and Columella, the Numidianimi Grcecuni of Pliny, and the Grseculum of Macrobius. If this conjecture be well founded, the kind to which the name belongs will be one of the most ancient in cultivation. Hort. Soc. Cat. 3d ed. Gros Micet d' Ete, of some French gardens. ) But few early autumn pears that have been introduced into our collections, possess more merit than the summer Franc Real. It comes in between the Bloodgood and the Williams's Bon Chretien, keeping up a good succession, and is fully equal if not superior to the latter variety. It is accurately figured in the Pot?i. Mag., Yol. III. p. 106, and it is there stated to be a particularly useful variety in that country, where they have nothing of high quality to succeed the Jargonelle. The tree is very hardy, healthy, and free growing, and produces abundant crops of fruit, generally very regular 368 Pomological Notices ; sized and beautiful. Dr. Diel, in his excellent work on Pomology, suggests that the name has been derived from a kind of ^Spanish gold coin, called a real, which resembles it in color. Summer Franc Rial Pear. Size, medium, two and a quarter inches long, and two and a quarter inches in diameter: Form., obovate, largest about one third from the eye, and tapering each way to- wards the eye and stem : Skin, fair, smooth, yellowish green, becoming of a light yellow when gathered a few days, occasionally with a very pale tinge of red on the sunny side, and the whole surface evenly covered with minute brownish green dots : Stem, short, thick, uneven, greenish, inserted in a shallow cavity : Eye, small, closed, and moderately sunk in a furrowed cavity ; segments of the calyx narrow and very long: Flesh, white, fine, melting and juicy : Flavor, rich, sugary and excellent : Core, large : Seeds, large, very dark. Ripe in September. We have had fine specimens furnished us by several cul- tivators, some of which were larger than our engraving {Jig. 32,) and others smaller. We have given what we consider a fair sized fruit under good cultivation. We Or, Descriptions of New Fruits. 369 must recommend this pear for every collection. Its pro- ductiveness, beauty, and good qualities, are sufficient to entitle it to a prominent place in the fruit garden. 17. Beurre' d'Amalis. Hort. Soc. Cat. 2d and 3d Edition. Among the new Belgian pears, few are superior to the Beurre d'Amalis {Jig. 33) ; of large size, good form and rich flavor, it is scarcely excelled by any of the varieties which ripen at the same season (September.) Mr, Man- Beurri d' Amalis Pear. ning, in his article in our Magazine, describing new pears, (Vol. YI. p. 89), states that he received the scions from the London Horticultural Society ; he first fruited it in 1839, subsequent to the publication of his Book of Fruits, and our drawing is from a specimen furnished us by him in the fall of 1841. We have the present year seen considerably larger specimens, and rather more elongated, than our en- graving, although ours was the largest among a dozen fruits. The variety, however, does not, unless under very excellent VOL. IX. — NO. X. 47 370 Pomological Notices ; cultivation, attain a much larger size than that here repre- sented. Size^ large, three inches long and two and three quarters in diameter : Form, obovate, largest in the middle, tapering little towards the eye as well as the stem : Skhi, fair, thick, uneven, dull 3'cllowish green, covered with greenish and rnssett points, with scattered, irregular patches of russett, interlaced where thickest: the sunny side covered with bright red, occasionally appearing in longitudinal streaks : ^Ste7)i, medium length, one inch, greenish brown, with a knobby surface, inserted obliquely in a shallow cavity, and forced one side by a wrinkled, fleshy protuberance : Bye, large, open, considerably sunk ; segments of the calyx broad and long : Flesh, yellowish, coarse, buttery, melting and juicy : Flavor, rich, slightly perfumed and excellent : Core, large : Seeds, large, dark brown. Ripe in September. 18. CusmNG. A^. E. Farmer, Vol. VIII. p. 113. The Gushing pear was first introduced to notice in the fall of 1829, when specimens of the fruit were exhibited at the first annual show of the Mass. Hort. Soc. The original tree was then, and we presume is now, growing at Hing- ham, Mass. on the farm of Col. Washington Gushing. Mr. Downer, who was the first to give an account of it in the N. E. Farmer, visited Hingham on purpose to see the tree, and learn its history; and ou his return published a de- scription of it, accompanied by an engraving, at the page above quoted. He has also described it in an early volume of our Alagazine (I. p. 90.) To Mr. Downer the public are much indebted for the interest he manifested in the intro- duction of new native varieties of pears to our gardens. The Dix, Glap, Lewis. Andrews, Heatlicote and others, were first described by him in the N. E. Farmer, and scions pro- cured for distribution among cultivators. According to a letter of Benjamin Thomas, Esq. of Hing- ham, the original tree of the Gushing pear sprang up from seed accidentally. It appeared in 1829 to be about 40 years old. It had not tlicn ever been pruned, nor had the ground been broken around the roots. There was no ap- pearance whatever of its having been grafted or budded. But notwithstanding such ordinary treatment, it had yearly produced fourteen bushels of good fruit. The size of tree Or, Descriptions of Neiv Frtdts. 371 in 1829 was as follows. Girth of the tree twenty inches from the ground, four feet nine inches ; three feet from the ground it divided into two branches; each of these branches, at eight feet from the ground, again divided ; one into two branches and the other into three : the growth perpendicu- lar, but the lateral shoots drooping : height of the tree thirty-six feet, and spread of the branches twenty-four : shape, conical, forming a handsome tree : soil, light. Such is the account given of the original tree. From this it will be at once inferred, that the fruit could not have been seen under the same circumstances it would have been, if the tree had been growing in rich soil and properly pruned. The description of Mr. Downer proves such to be the fact. He describes it as under medium size, and formed somewhat like the Harvard. Two pears could not be much more unlike ; the specimen now before us is large, so much so as to be classed among large pears. And Cashing' Pear. the form one of the handsomest, as will be seen from our engraving {fig: 34,) made from a fine specimen, from a tree 372 New Varieties of Native Grapes. under good cultivation. We have indeed, the present season, seen them somewhat larger. On trees in poor soil the fruit does assume a form similar to the Harvard, becoming much more elongated, and tapering less to the stem. We have one from a sickly tree, procured especially for comparison with Mr. Downer's engraving, and it very nearly corres- ponds. He remarked in his description, that he had no doubt it would " be seen in size from one quarter to one third larger," under good cultivation. Our description is as follows. Size, medium, two and three quarter inches long, and two and a half in diameter: Form^ obovate, largest in the middle, ending rather obtusely at the stem : Skin, fair, smooth, light yellowish green, becoming paler when well matured, occasionally clouded, or rather spotted with dull red on the sunny side, and the whole surface regularly sprinkled with russetty dots : Stem, medium length, one inch, of moderate size, smooth, greenish brown, deeply in- serted in a regular cavity, with a very small protuberance crowding it one side : Eye, small, closed, and little de- pressed; segments of the calyx short: Flesh, white, fine, melting and juicy : Flavor, agreeable, sprightly, and rich : Core, small : Seeds, medium size, dark brown. Ripe to- wards the end of September, and keeps several days. Although we cannot agree in considering the Gushing su- perior to the Andrews and Williams's Bon Chretien, yet its many good qualities give it a high place among our best autunm pears. The tree bears rather young, and is per- fectly hardy, healthy and vigorous. Art. II. New Varieties of Native Grapes. By James Camak, Esq., Athens, Ga. From a letter which I have just received from Columbus, Ohio, it appears that in what you published for me in the August number of the Mag. of Hort. on Grafting Grape V: OS, I was not explicit enough on one point, viz. the time when the scions should be collected. I now supply the omission by stating, that the scions are to be collected when the vines are pruned, in fall or spring, and kept in a cool, New Varieties of Native Grapes, 373 damp place, until the time comes for using them — June in this cHmate. The grape being a fruit so wholesome and delicious, and withal so easily cultivated, it is to be regretted that we have so few native varieties that are worth attention. Be- sides the Isabella, Catawba, Herbemont's Madeira, and Norton's Seedling, I know of none in this part of the United States that are held in much esteem. For the Devereux, which is a first rate grape, and has been claimed, for the last 30 years, as a native of Georgia, is not so. I have the Black Sauvignon, originally from France, and the Constan- tia, from the Cape of Good Hope, as described by Kenrick, No. 23, page 252; and they are both identical with the Devereux. And the Warrenton, which has been also claimed as a native, is, beyond all question, a foreign grape, having been pronounced to be so by McCall, whose accuracy cannot be doubted. Why do not some of our nurserymen or amateurs set about the production of new varieties of the grape, from the seed of our wildings 7 They are all, of course, aware of the success of M. Van Mons, in the production of new varieties of the pear from the seeds of the wild sorts ; and, without doubt, understand the process employed by him, as well as the theory on which that process is founded, and the sound philosophy by which the theory is sustained. Can there be any doubt that the same theory and the same philosophy will apply to all sorts of fruit ? And when it is remembered how easily the vine is propagated by graft- ing, and the certainty with which fruit may be had in the second year from the graft, and this is contrasted with the length of time V. Mons had to wait for specimens of his pears, we should be induced to begin the experiment at once. If the experiment should be undertaken by any one, I beg leave to suggest that the principal care will have to be bestowed on the seedlings. Let the seeds be sown in Jan- uary in a hot-bed constructed according to the directions of McMahon, Buist, Bridgman, or Kenrick, in their books respectively. In April — in this climate — let the plants be transferred to the open ground, the soil being made very rich. As they grow, during the summer, the main stem must be carefully tied up to rods provided for the purpose, and all side shoots taken off very carefully above the first 374 NeiD Varieties of Native Grapes. bud. If this is not done, the growth will be very far from being satisfactory. One would hardly believe what a dif- ference in growth this treatment will make, until he shall have tried it. When winter comes on, the seedlings must be protected by having leaves or straw thrown over them; otherwise many of them will perish. In January follow- ing take up the vines ; pot them in 6 or 8 inch pots : put them on moderate bottom heat, and train as directed for the first summer. In April or May take the vines out of the pots, shake the earth from the roots, taking care that they are not broken, and plant in the open ground, in very rich soil. With care, this can be done in the dryest weather. Last spring we had a drought here, lasting near nine weeks — from 12th April to 13th June; in the midst of which I transferred vines, both seedlings and cuttings, from pots to the open ground, at mid-day ; and, watering them copiously, their growth was but slightly checked. The seedlings are now from 5 to 8 feet high ; one of them is If inches in circumference at the ground ; and all, when pruned this winter, preparatory to training according to Hoare's system, will furnish fine scions for grafting next June. Here are two years spent on the seedlings ; — the third, scions from them will be worked on strong stocks ; and, in the fourth summer, I confidently count on having specimens of fruit. For I do not agree with M. Van Mons, in what he considers " an invariable principle, that a graft does not bloom sooner than the parent stock from which it was taken."' Seed from these specimens maybe sown, and the same course pursued, taking care that generation shall follow generation without interruption, with the hope of getting varieties that will suit our climate, and be as far superior to the common sorts, as the improved pears of Van Mons are superior to those known when he commenced his labors. That the result will be \vorth all the time and care be- stowed on the experiment, I think we may confidently be- lieve, from the extraordinary excellence of Norton's and Caldwell's seedlings — the former of Richmond, Va., the latter of Washington city : — both being only of the first generation, but whether from wildings, or from sorts in a progressive state of amelioration, is not, I believe, clearly ascertained. M. Van Mons got good pears only after seven or eight successive generations, each occupying from 4 to Neio Varieties of Native Grapes. 375 15 years ;— or, as stated by M. Poiteau, in his " Origiti and Developmetit of the Theory of Van Mons,'" adding the requisite years in the first five generations of the pear, a point is reached where none other than good and excellent pears are obtained, at the end of forty-two years. But here are grapes of excellent qualities obtained in one generation ; and the generations of the grape may be certainly limited to four years, instead of extending to fifteen, as did the first generations of pears with Van Mons. As to one of these sorts, Norton's Seedling, I can speak from my own obser- vation. It is certainly a great acquisition to the country; for while its quahty is very good, in productiveness and freedom from blast, it stands unrivalled. I have vines, some of whose fruit on the lower branches has been lying, all this wet summer, on the ground; and it is now ripei)ing without a single rotten berry being found on the bunches, so situated. Yet this vine is the product of the first gener- ation, as already stated. With such encouragement before them, and with the cer- tainty of great profit from the sale of vines that will suit the soil and climate of the U. States; — and in their freedom from blast, and their great productiveness, and their fine qualities, afford a certain and abundant return for the care bestowed on their cultivation, will not some of our intelli- gent and enterprising nurserymen undertake the experi- ment? They have the Isabella, Catawba, and Norton's Seedling — native varieties in the first generations, it is be- lieved, and first stage of amelioration, to begin with, by which four years of labor will be saved ; — and if they go to the forest for wild sorts, they have an extensive variety among which to make their selection. The Massachusetts Hort. Soc. is doing more for horticul- ture than any other institution of the kind in the Union. Yet, among its premiums for grapes for 1843, there is but one for native grapes ; and that is only ,f 3 ; — while for fo- reign, the premiums are from 4 to 8 dollars. Might not the Society be induced to offer premiums, hereafter, for new varieties of native grapes., produced on the principles of Van Mons? Admitting the correctness of the opinions of Mr. Knight and others, on the gradual deterioration and final extinction of all the improved varieties of fruit, ought we not to be looking to the means of replacing the few good varieties of the grape we now have, when they shall have 376 Floricultural and Botajiical Notices yielded to their fate, and shall live only in the records of the past ? James Camak. AtJmis, Ga., Aug. 26, 1843. Art. III. Floricultural and Botanical Notices of New Plants, figured iji foreign periodicals ; with Remarks on those recently introduced to, or originated in, American gardens, and additional inform>ation upon plants already i)i cultivation. Edwards'' s Botanical Register, or Ornamental Flower Gar- den and Shrubbery. Each number containing from six to eight plates ; with additional miscellaneous information, relative to new plants. In monthly numbers ; 35. plain, 3s, 6A (from aichmc, a point, llio calyx of the flowers having rigid points.) fiilgens Brilliant flowerd yEchmea. A stove i)lant ; growing 6 feet high ; with scarlet and blue flowors appearingin April and May ; a native of South America ; increased by suckers ; grows in loam and leaf mould. Pax. Mag. of Bot. Vol. X. p. 173. A showy plant of the Bromeliaceous tribe, producing large and compact spikes of scarlet and blue flowers. The leaves are large, broad, and recurved, the main spike of flowers issuing from the centre. It appears to be easy of cultivation, and seems to bloom with freedom. It grows well in light, rich, sandy soil, composed of open loam and leaf mould in about equal proportions. It is a native of Cayenne, in South America, and was introduced into the Calls at Gardens and Nurseries. 379 Garden of Plants, at Paris, by M. Eugene Melinon, and was brought from thence to the collection of the Duke of Devonshire by the same individual, in the spring of 1842, at which time it was in flower. {Pax. Mag. Bot.^ Sept.) Art. IV. Calls at Gardens and Nurseries. A few days since, we accepted the invitation of our cor- respondent, Mr. Teschemacher, to visit the Conservatory attached to the public garden, now under his charge. Great alterations have been made in the interior arrangement of the building, during the summer. The old central stage has been completely removed, and the house remodelled on a new plan — new, because now first carried into effect. Mr. Teschemacher suggested a similar arrangement when the conservatory was first erected, but his plan was not fol- lowed. The old arrangement we described in our notice of the Conservatory some time ago. (Vol. V., p. 219.) It was that of a central, circular stage, diminishing to the top. On this stage nearly all the plants were placed, but in such a crowded manner, that the effect of any fine specimen was entirely lost. Only a small portion of the stage being seen at one time, no breadth of foliage could be obtained, and the effect intended by the arrangement, — that of presenting a mass of plants to the eye at once, — was quite destroyed. In looking at the stage every view was nearly the same; and whether seen from the gallery above, or the walk be- neath, there was the same monotonous scene, a pyramid of plants. Besides these objections to the old arrangement, in regard to effect, one-half of the plants were always in the shade, and soon became sickly and diseased : the other half were exposed to the fierce rays of the sun, and many of the leaves, particularly of the camellias, were scorched and much burnt every spring. The difficulty of watering the plants was also very great, and attended with much loss of time. The entrance before was through the centre of the house, beneath the central stage : that entrance is now floored 380 Calls at Gardens and Nurseries. over, and in the same circle where the stage formerly stood, the plants are now placed, immediately upon the floor. The stairs are to the right and left of the entrance door, and land in the rear of the outer row of plants, so that no dis- tinct view of the interior is obtained, until the spectator turns up one of the walks which cross the house, when a splendid scene is presented to the eye. The dome of the conservatory is supported by four pillars, placed so as to form the angles of a square in the centre : at the base of these are large boxes filled with rich earth, in which climb- ing plants are placed, intended to entwine and wreath around the columns with llowers and foliage. Already the beautiful Passiflora Loudon/i quite new, on one of them, was showing its flowers : on another, a splendid Kennedia opening its scarlet flowers in long racemes. On a third it is intended to train the lovely Tecoma jasminoides, and on the fourth, a variety of roses Avill breath their delightful odor. The open space formed by the square, is intended for seats, from whence every plant in the house may be partially seen, and the finest of them immediately before the eye. Here are grouped the fine collection of camellias intermixed with a tall and graceful acacia, a mclaluca or some other slender leaved plant. The surface of the boxes being covered, aflbrd an opportunity for the display of rare subjects, such as the exquisite Achimenes longiflora, gloxinias, new fuchsias, &c. On one side there is a cres- cent-shaped stage reaching to the gallery, on which are placed those plants which show to good advantage, and are too large to stand upon the floor. Arranged thus, the whole show at one view, and from the four walks, which cross the circle, dividing it. as it were, into four quarters, as well as from the gallery, entirely new scenes follow the eye. Great credit is certainly due to Mr. Teschemacher for the very picturesque and tasteful arrangement of the plants. There is nothing like the formal stifiness which was before exhibited, and one may now sit down and imagine himself in the midst of an open garden, studded with luxuriant flowers and shrubs. To young gardeners, and indeed to all amateurs of plants, there is the opportunity of a good study to learn the method of arrangement, which shall com- bine picturesque eflcct with economy of room. We have often thought if there was any one thing in which many of our best gardeners and amateur cultivators show a want of Domestic Notices. 381 taste, it was in the arrangement of their greenhouse plants. There are indeed no walks to make, by which "Each ally has its brother," but the principle is followed up of placing plant opposite plant, and making up a stage to resemble a dipt hedge, with all its formality. This is wrong, but yet it is as well to do this, as to attempt any other arrangement, unless guided by principles of true taste, which can only be ac- quired by some thought and study. We would certainly invite gardeners and amateurs to look at the Conservatory under its new arrangement. On the branches of many of the large camellias and other tall plants, Mr. Teschemacher has a fine collection of Orchideous plants growing in fine health ; several of them having already flowered. We may now look forward to the time when we shall find this singular and beautiful tribe fully appreciated and cultivated. MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Art. I. Donestic Notices. The JVedarine Plum. — x\bout the middle of August our friend Mr. Geo. W. White, of Billerica, sent us for inspection several specimens of the Wheeler plum, so called in the vicinity of Worcester, where the tree has been considerably disseminated. It has every appearance, however, of the Nectarine plum of the Lon. Hort. Soc. Catalogue, and Pomological Magazine., and is undoubtedly that variety. It corresponded in every re- spect, except in the freeness of the stone, from which the flesh does not part so easily, as with other varieties usually termed free-stones. This, however, may have been from the soil, season or period of picking. If it should not prove the true nectarine plum, it is fully equal in quality to that most excellent variety. Of the largest size, almost as large as the Washington, of a rich, reddish purple, color, and of excellent flavor, no fruit could present better claims for general cultivation. It is one of the earliest varieties to ripen, being in eating by the middle of August, and although of such large size, does not show any tendency to rot. The tree is also an abundant bearer and of quick and handsome growth. — Ed. JVew Seedling Grape. — Some time since a paragraph appeared in one of the Worcester papers, the Spy, we believe, stating that a new variety of grape had been produced from seed, between the native and foreign kinds. We did not take any particular notice of the subject, supposing that it might be a mere report, to which no authority could be attached. 382 Doificstic Notices. We learn now from the address of Dr. Monson, delivered before the New Haven Ilort. See. that our supposition was correct, and that the variety is not a new one, but a seedling raised several years since, and fully de- scribed in our Vol.1., p. I(i8. Dr. Monson states tliat, seeing an account in a Worcester paper, of a new seedling grape, he wrote to a friend there for information respecting it, and was "referred to Dr. Shurtleff, of Bos- ton, but was infonned that tlie Doctor had put it into the hands of an ex- perienced gardener for cultivation, to increase them as fast as possible. I since found an account of tlie same grape, named Shurtleff 's seedling, in a back volume of the Magazine of Horticulture. It is described as of lilac color, the flesh nearly as solid as the plum, with a little of the gage flavor, and deliciously rich ; tlie berry of the size of that of the Black Hamburg. The fruit ripens well in the open air, in August. "This vine was one of a number raised from seeds thrown out on to the garden during winter, some of which proved unproductive, and others yielded fruit good for nothing. This vine is exceedingly hardy, living through the winter to the extremities of its branches. It is a desideratum to obtain a grape that ripens early : and one having half the desirable qualities assigned to this, cannot but prove a great acquisition. I am re- cently indebted to the kindness of a gentleman-amateur horticulturist of this city, a friend of Dr. Shurtlcfi*, for two slips of tliis valuable vine. — Ed. Pennsylvafiin HorlicuUural Society. — The fifteenth annual exhibition of this Society took place in the lower saloon of Uie Philadel])hia Museum, on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, the 20th, 2Ist and '22d September. We understand from some of our friends who were present, that the ex- hibition was got up in good taste : in regard to floral arrangements, far before the exhibition of any other society in the United States. The va- rious devices, consisting of Chinese pagodas, stars, &c., were of the most splendid description. Of fruits, there was a great display of peaches, but of pears, few in com- parison with the Mass. Hort. Soc. The exhibition was attended by great numbers, upwards of S'iWO having been taken on the last day alone. — Ed. Exhibition of the Essex County JVatural History Society. — We had the pleasure of attending the exhibition of this flourishing Society this year, and were highly gratified with the display of flowers and fruits. The dahlias were in great beauty and variety, and there were many fine speci- mens. Of fruits, there was a very large quantity, considering the number of contributors, and the specimens were mostly of great size and beauty. Mr. Manning, J. S. Cabot, J. C. Lee, J. M. Ives, Wm. P. Richardson, E. Emmerton and E. Ilofiinan, were the principal exhibitors. The specimens of Mr. Cabot were unusually large and fine : and those of other gentle- men showed a high state of cultivation. As we shall be favored %vith a full account of the exhibition for our December number, by our obliging correspondent, we shall refer our readers to that for a full account. — Ed. Lynn JStatural History Society.— A new Society recently formed in Lynn, held an exhibition of flowers and fruits, on Friday, the 22d Septem- ber, and the show was highly creditable to the town. Mr. Tudor exhibited some superb fruit from his garden at Nahant, showing what skill and cul- tivation will do towards raising fruit cm an almost barren rock. Our cor- respondent, Mr. O.Johnson, also displayed a variety of his beautiful fruit: tlie exhibition was well attended. — Ed. The Middlesex County Horticidtural Society held its annual show on Massachusetts Hortiailtural Society. 383 Wednesday and Thursday, the 20th and 21st of September, at Lowell. The exhibition was very good, and well attended by the public. — Ed. Horticultural Evhibition at the Fair of the American Institute. — The Horticultural Exhibition, in connexion with the Institute, will take place at Niblo's Garden, New York city, on Tuesday, the 10th October, at 9 o'clock, A. M. A large number of premiums are proposed this year, and a very fine ex- hibition is anticipated. From the published schedule of prizes, we notice that a silver medal will be awarded for the best collection of gTeenhouse plants. For the greatest variety of dahlias and other flowers, a gold medal. For the 2d best, a silver medal. For the greatest variety of hot house grapes, a gold medal, and for tlie best collection of pears, a silver medal. Upwards of twelve other silver medals will also be awarded, and a great number of valuable books on gardening. The prizes are open for competition to all cultivators, in all parts of the country, and we have no doubt, with the facility of commnnication which is now afforded, that there will be a fine display, not only from the vicin- ity of New York, but from our own State. Last season, the beautiful grapes of Col. T. 11. Perkins took the silver medal, and if some of our first rate grape growers only send tlieir best specimens, we have no doubt they will bear off the palm this year. The exhibition will continue open from the 10th to the 15th.— Ed. Art. IL Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Saturday, September 2d, 1843. An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day — the President in the chair. It was voted tliat no public exhibition Avould take place on Saturday, the 9th of September, in consequence of the Annual Show on the 13th, 14th and loth. John Robinson was admitted a member of the Society. Adjourned one week. Exhibited. — Flowers : From Thomas Lee, Brookline, fine specimens of roses, heaths, and that beautiful greenhouse climber, Tecoma jasminoi- des. From Hovey & Co. small bouquets, composed principally of fine specimens of roses: also large bouquets, and several liandsome specimens of phloxes. From J. Breck & Co., cut floAvers of Didiscus cEeruleus Cleome grandiflora, double German asters, zinnias, &c., and fine speci- mens of Phlox var. Breckn, one of the best varieties cultivated. From S. R. Johnson, beautiful double balsams, flowers of Bignonm grandiflora, roses, &c. O.&W. Wales, Dorchester, exhibited some handsome bouquets of roses and other flowers. From E. Winslow, several dahlias, of which Pickwick, Ne Plus Ultra, and Argo, were very good. A good specimen of Unique dahlia, from R. M. Copeland. From S. A. Walker, German asters, zinnias, balsams, and a variety of good dahlias. Dahlias from J. Hovey. Dahlias from J. L. L. F. Warren ; among which Eva and Pick- wick were fine : also, large bouquets. Bouquets from Miss Russell, Dr. J. C. Howard, Misses Sumner, J. Hovey, J. A. Kenrick, S. Walker, S. Sweetser and others. 384 Massachusetts Horticultiwal Society. Fruits : From tlie President of tlie Society, handsome specimens of Belle Lucrative pears. Fine Washington plums, from S. R. Johnson. From E. E. Bradshaw, very large and beautiful Washington and Smitli's Orleans (?) plums; the Washington were nearly or quite equal to those exhibited by Capt. Lovett last week. Fine President peaches from Hon. T. H. Perkins. .T. F. Allen exhibited tine Dearborn's Seedling, Summer Franc Real, Williams's Bon Chretien, Julienne, Summer Bon Chretien, Jargonelle (of the French) and two kinds of pears, names unknown. From S. A. Walker, Washington plums and peaches. From T. Mason, Sweet Water grapes, and Williams's Bon Chretien and other pears. From F. R. Bigelow, large peaches and Williams's Bon Chretien pears. Capt. J. Lovett exhibited very liandsome Long Blue, Washington and Imperial gage plums : also a iine musk melon, and pears raised by Van Mons, being No. SLXi of the list sent Mr. Manning. Large Blue plums from A. D. Williams, called the Orleans, but supposed to be the Violette Perdrigon, Italian Damask, Washington and Thomas's seedling plums and apricots from Wm. Thomas. S. Pond exhibited good specimens of Cush- ing. Julienne, Winship's seedling and Williams's Bon Chretien pears : also Isabella, Smith's Orleans (?), Pond's seedling, Duane's purple, Long Blue, green gage, and Lombard plums. From James Munroe, jr., Cam- bridge, Cooledge's Favorite peaches and pears, without name. Smith's Orleans (?) ])lums from II. Vandine. Spalding's seedling apple, from Dr. J. C. Bartlett, Chelmsford. From A. II. Ernst, Cincinnati, Ohio, very large and beautiful specimens of the Washington pear, picked fresh from a tree in Mr. Longworth's garden, in Cincinnati, on the morning of Monday, the 28th of August. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Duane's purple, Bingham, Washington and Smith's Orleans (?) plums: also Lemon Clingstone peaches. Porter apples, and pears without name. Melons from Dr. J. C. Howard. Vegetables : Two boxes of fine Lima beans were exhibited by Dr. Howard. Three varieties of tomatoes from J. L. L. F. Warren. Stptemher 9th. — An adjourned meeting of the Society was held to-day — the President in the chair. Mr. Cheever Newhall was added to the delegation, to attend the fair of the New York Institute. Adjourned one week. Exhibited. — Flowers : From Hovey & Co., eight beautiful bouquets, composed principally of roses. From J. II. White, a variety of dahlias. From A. C. Hall, dahlias, balsams and phloxes. From E. McLellan, gardener to W. Pratt, a stand of good dahlia flowers. S. A. Walker exhibited a variety of dahlias, among which were Essex Triumph and Girlinof's Prince of Wales. From F. W. Macondry, dahlias and German asters. From J. L. L. F. Warren, dahlias, among the number fine blooms of Admiral Stopford and Essex Triumph. Fruit : Capt. J. Lovett, a very fine melon. From G. Merriam, West Newton, beautiful peaches, without name. From Mrs. Giles, Somerville peaches. S. E. Hardy, Cambridgeport, exhibited handsome Williams's Bon Chretien pears. From II. Vandine, Duane's purple and yellow gage plums. J. II. Pierce, Dorchester, exhibited seedling plums, small, but of the form of the Golden drop: also, squash apple, and Williams's Bon Chr(''tien pears. From II. Vandine, Early Black(?), Smith's Orleans(?), Imperial Gage Massachusetts HoriiciiUiwal Society. 385 and Yellow Egg plums. St. Ghislain pears from S. Pond. From J. Deane, Mansfield, a largo display of apples, some of them very fine but mostly without name : seven of the number were seedlings, some of them appeared good. Among the older sorts were the Spice Sweet, Wine apple, Hey Boy, Sops of Wine, Tender Sweet, Superb Sweet and Boyden Sweet ; also large and early Clingstone peaches, seedlings. September 13th, lith and I5th. — The Fifteenth Annual exhibition of the Society took place on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, the 13th, 14th, and loth September, at the Society's room, in Tremont Row. It was the expectation of the Society to hold their Annual exhibition the present year, in a larger and more commodious room than that occu- pied by them ; but under the hope of occupying new premises before the return of another season, which would afford ample room, it was pro- posed to hold the exhibition at the usual place. The decorations of the room were not on so extensive a scale as in previous years ; fewer pot plants were exhibited, and there Avas not such a profusion of wreaths and evergreens. The limited room, however, pre- vented such a general distribution of the plants : the yearly increase in the quantity of fruits being so great, as now to require a large space to display them to advantage. The dahlias, which have generally been such conspicuous objects at the annual exhibitions, were this season almost an entire failure, and the place which they have usually filled, was occupied with German asters and other flowers. The asters were indeed the finest objects of the ex- hibition, and but for the numerous blooms which were shown, there would have been a rather meagre display of flowers. As in seasons past, the contributions from the garden of J. P. Gushing, Esq., of Watertown, were conspicuous, and formed attractive features of the exhibition ; the beautiful fan-palm (Cliamse'rops humilis), and the date- palm (Phoenix rfactylifera), the former with its broad wavy leaves, were noble objects. The new and elegant Achimenes longiflora, from the pub- lic garden, together with the Gloxin/a rubra, though not large, were among the most attractive plants, and bore close inspection: with them were ex- hibited several plants, grown under the care of Mr. Teschemacher, and showing the effect o^ gnano and charcoal applied to plants; one camellia, only 18 months from the seed, treated with a small portion of guano, had grown to the height of 15 inches. The President of the Society displayed two fine fuchsias. Gem and Meteor, both well grown and in good bloom. Mr. Carter, of the Botanic Garden, exhibited a variety of plants ; among them a Bignom'a grandiflora, about 15 inches high, in a pot, with one flower expanded and very ornamental ; also a plant, in fine bloom of Achi- menes longiflora. Messrs. Winship, J. L. L. F. Warren and Meller, also sent a variety of greenhouse plants. Among the cut flowers, the dahlias and asters stood prominent. The asters from Messrs. Hovey & Co., were unusually large and double. Messrs. Hovey & Co. also exhibited upwards of one hundred and fitly blooms, of about fifty varieties of Bourbon, Bengal, Tea and Noisette roses. Some specimens among them, such as Bougere, Bon Silene, Miranda, Gama, Hermosa, Princess Maria, Triumph of Luxemburg, Romeo, &c., very splendid. Some fine specimens of phloxes, were shown from the President; one in particular, called picta, a delicate blush with a rosy VOL. IX. NO. X. 49 386 Massachuselts HorticiiUunU Suciely. eye, extremely beautiful. Vases and baskets of flowers from W. Ken- rick, were arranged very handsomely, and attracted much attention. Fine specimens of Didiscus ciEriilcus from Jos. Breck & Co. Large and splen- did bouquets for ornamenting the room, were furnished by Dr. J. C. How- ard, W. E.Carter and J. L. L. F. Warren: these were composed of large quantities of dahlias and very showy. Of the Fruits, we have not room to particularize so far as we should wish : the specimens were mucii finer than we had ever seen them, and in greater variety. The President e.xliibited eighty varieties of pears alone. Of these, the Columbia virgoulouse, Duchcssc d'Angouleme and Clout Morceau pears, and Coe's Golden Drop plums, were exceedingly large and fine. The innnense number of one hundred and sixtij varieties of pears was sent from the Pomological garden of the late Mr. Manning, Salem, and among them many very large specimens ; llacon's Incomparable, Queen of the Low Countries, Beurrt^ d'Amalis, King Edwards', and many others, were finer than any ever before exhibited. It is but doing justice to Mr. Manning's son, who is an excellent young man, to say that this collection was in every Avay equal to any display ever made by his father. The grapes, as usual, from Mr. Gushing, and peaches from Col. T. H. Perkins, were very fine. Mr. O. Johnson exhibited some beautiful speci- mens of pears, particularly the Summer Franc Real, Easter Beurre and St. Ghislain. Very large Washington pears from Capt. Macondry. Fine grapes and pears from J. F. Allen, and beautiful plums from J. Lovett, 2d. Napoleon pears, from Hovey & Co., were remarkably large and fine. The largest Williams's Bon Chretien pears were from W. B. Kingsbury. Ripe figs, from plants in the open ground, were sent by Messrs. Win- ship. The Vicar of Winkfield pears, from S. Walker, were the hand- somest of this variety in the room. The inmiensely large apples from Dr, Sparhawk, which were made the subject of a humorous paragraph upon dumplings, at page 27, were again exhibited, and equal in beauty and size to last season. Mr. Vose displayed, as usual, a few baskets of choice fruit. E. E. Bradshaw sent a few Washington plums of luscious appear- ance and great size. Some large and exceedingly beautiful Porter apples were contributed by John Owen, of Cambridge. Mr. John Hill's peaches, called by him the Lemon Rareripe, but which we think will prove synon- ymous with Crawford's late Malacaton, were superbly fine — for richness of color nothing could surpass tlicm. Mr. Ives, of Salem, Mr. Warren and others, had very good fruits in the collection, as had also several other cultivators, but our space will not allow us to notice all. The names are given in our report, annexed. The weather was fine the first two days of the exhibition, and the room was tolerably well filled with visiters. The unfavorable weather of Thurs- dav, the last day, prevented tlio attendance of a large number. On Friday the connnittee of arrangements set down to a sumptuous dinner at tlie Pavilion, some account of which we have annexed to our report. Plants. — From the President of tlic Society, Fuchsias Gem and Me- teor. From J. P. Cusliing, Esq., C'hamaj rops humilis, Phce nix ^actyli- fera and other plants. From W. E. Carter, Strelitz/cr, rogina and juncea Cereus senelis (curious) //edychium GardnenVmttm Aspidium cxaltatum, camellias, Thea viridis, Achimenes longiflora and many other plants. From Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 387 Messrs. Winship, Maurandya semperflorens, Fuchsia globosa, Salvia patens, Begonm EvansiVma Lobelia speciosa, and other plants. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Camellia var. Prattn and Donckelaen'i, Begom'a disco- lor, two Lamarque roses, .Salvia splendens and otlier plants. From the Conservatory of the Public Garden, Gloxim'a rubra, G. coccinea, Begonia platanifolia, Achimenes longiflora, Brum'a cricoides ; w^cacia lophantha watered with nitrate of soda ; seedling camellias, with one teaspoon/ul of guano to each pot, and some \vith. four spoonfuls of charcoal. From W. Meller, Lemon and Orange trees, Fuschias and other plants. Cut Flowers and Bouquets. — From the President fine specimens of Phlox decussata alba and var. Breckn, picta and Richardson's new red ; also Bourbon, Bengal and Tea roses, and 15 var. of verbenas. Hovey & Co. exhibited upwards of two hundred superb blooms of the German as- ter, fitly varieties of roses, twenty varieties of verbenas, ten varieties of Phlox Drummondii, ten varieties of 10 Week Stocks and Phlox decussata alba and Brecki'i. From Jos. Breck & Co., Didiscus cseruleus, Cleome grandiflora, Delphinium Barl6w«r, £uph6rb?a variegata, Phlox decusata alba and BreckiV, Zinnias, 10 Week Stocks, petunea and German asters. From S. R. Johnson, fine German asters, and Bourbon and Bengal roses. From W. Meller, roses, German asters and bouquets. From W. Kenrick, two vases and three baskets of flowers and large bouquets. German as- ters and other flowers, from J. F. Trull. From Capt. Macondry, German asters, dahlias and verbenas. From J. A. Kenrick, bouquets and three bas- kets of flowers. From O. «fc W. Wales, a large and fine bouquet of roses. From Jos. Stickney, fine German asters. Petunias in great variety, from W. Quant. Large bouquets from S. Walker. From Messrs. Winship, a basket of passion flowers, verbenas, roses, and an immense bouquet. From Dr. J. C. Howard, a splendid bouquet. From R. M. Copeland, Veronica and Phlox decussata alba. Eleven bouquets from W. E. Carter. Bouquets, asters and other flowers, from S. A. Walker. Asters and other flowers, from S. Sweetser. Bouquets were also furnished by other contributors. Dahlias. — From the President, Essex Triumph, Marshal Soult, Con- stantia, Grace Darling, Primrose, Argo, &c. From Jos. Stickney, Dow- ager Lady Cooper, Eva, Eclipse, Marshal Soult, Essex Triumph, Slc. From Hovey & Co., Eclipse, Marshal Soult, Girling's Prince of Wales, Primrose, Pickwick, &c. From S. A. Walker, Essex Triumph, Girling's Prince of Wales, Pickwick, Marshal Soult, Grace Darling, Miranda, &c. From H. W. Dutton, a basket of dahlias, tastefully wreathed witli China asters ; among the dahlias, Pickwick, Constantia, &c. From Messrs. Winship, Pickwick, Juno, Andrew Hofer, Castanda, &c. Flowers were also exhibited by J. L. L. F. Warren, W. Meller, S. H. Walley, Jr., R. M. Copeland, J. F. Trull, S. Sweetser, P. Barnes, F. W. Macondry, Jos. Breck & Co., and others. Among the dahlias, owing to the unpropitious season, there were few new kinds exhibited. Essex Triumph, in the stands of the President and S. A. Walker, were both very finC: and fully up to the expectations which were formed of this superb variety. Girling's Prince of Wales, in the stand of Hovey & Co., was beautiful. Miranda, in the collection of Mr. Dutton, promised well, but a single flower is not stifficient to form an opinion ; Virgil, Oakley's Surprise, Princess Royal and some others, were not, we believe, in a single collection in the room. 388 Massac/iusctfs Horticultural Socicfi/. Fruits. — From the President of the Society. Pears : — St. Germain (striped), Beurre d'Amalis, Louise bonne of Jersey, Brown Beurrr,, Bur- nett, Ananas d'Ete, Passo Colmar, Alpha, Beurre Diel, Verte Longue, Duclicsso d' Angouleme, Bufluin, Vicar of Winktield, Bon Cliretien Fon- dante, Wasliington, Jaminette, Urbaniste, Napoleon, Reniscn's Favorite, Verte Longue d'Automne, Ileatlicotc, Chaumontel, King Edwards', Epine d'Ete, Belle et Bonne, Valle Franche, Cumberland, Wilkinson, Thomp- sons, Columbian, Cantelope, Seckel, Dix, Julienne, Gilogil, Gushing, An- drews, Uvedale's St. Germain, Catillac, Green Pear of Yair, Belle Lucra- tive, La Fortunee, Glout Morcoau, Beurre de Paques, Comprette, Marie Louise, Belmont, Duchesse de Mars, Belle Angevine, Sabine, Passans de Portugal, Lewis, Doyenne gris, Bleeker's Meadow, Nc Plus Mcuris, Un- knoAvn, Hericart, Beurre. d' Arembcrg, Striped Rousselet, Bellissime d' Automnc, Bergamot Suisse, Rouse Lench, Hessel, Beurre Bronzee, Sucre Vert, Black Worcester, Dearborn's Seedling, Unknown from France, Prince's St. Germain, Bergamot de Swede, Poire de Tonneau, Cuvelier, Beurre d' Angleterre, Easter Beurre, Poire do Livre, Queen Caroline, Williams's Bon Chretien, Paquency, Mon Dieu, Autumn Superb, Fulton, Luquet, Beurre de Capiaumont, Ananas, of tlie French, Remain Carmelite, Surpasse Virgoulouse, Epine d'Hiver, Beurre Remain. Peaches : — Name unknown, Gross Mignonne. Plums : Coe's Golden Drop, Smith's Or- leans, Blue Imperatrice, Corse's Field Marshal, Reine Claude Violet. From the Pomological garden (of the late R. Manning) Salem. Pears : — Belle et Bonne, Glout Morceau, Green Pear of Yair, Cashing, Wilkinson, French Autumn Bergamot, Whitfield, Henry IV., Jalousie, Downton, Surpasse Maurice, Rousselet de Meester, Chelmsford, Comte de Lamy, Reine des Poires, Belle Lucrative, Beurre Bronzee, Caen du France, Iron. Passe Colmar, Valee Franche, Clara, Pailleau,Naumkeag, Easter Beurre, Amandes, Andrews, Turkish Bon Chretien, Marquise, Flemish Beauty, Marie Louise, Bon Chretien Fondante, Pound, Seckel, Beurre Niell, Quilletette, Ronville, Surpasse Virgoulouse, Huguenot, Hericart, Beurre de Capiaumont, Bleeker's Meadow, Comprette, Form Urbaniste, Duquesne, Muscadine, W^inter Nelis, Beurre Duval, Louis of Bologna, Dumortier, Jaminette, Beurre d' Aremberg, Styrian, Hessel, Catillac, St. Germain, Golden Beurre of Bilboa, Heathcote, St. Michael, Brown Beurre, Altliorpe Crassane, Chaumontel, Siculle, Nova Marie Louise, Croft Castle, Urban- iste, Louise bonne de Jersey, Pennsylvania, Emerald, Gilogil, Princesse of Orange ; Brande's St. Germain, Vacat, Marulis, Green Sugar, Beurr6 Beauchamps, Rouse Lench, Flemish Sabine, Epine d'Ete, Fulton, Fa- menga, Dix, Doyenne gris, Bezi de la Motte, Cuvelier, Echasserie, Jo- honnot, Enfant Prodigle, Pope's Russet, Sullivan, Calebasse, Beurre Bosc, Vicar of Winkfield, Duquesne d'Ete, Striped Swiss Bergamot, Doyenn6 NouvcUe Boussuck, Bezi do Montigny, Tillington, Hanna's, Form de De- lices, St. Andre, Napoleon, Kranrelshirne, Rousselet Stutgard, Striped Rousselet, Jalousie de Fontnnay de Vendee, John Dean, Wilhelmina, Navet, Beurre Delbecq, Delices do Jodoigne, Coter, Verte Lonque d' Automne, Dearborn's, Michaux, Buffum, Alpha, Boucquia, Roi de Wur- temburg, Queen of the Low Countries, Hawthorne's Seedling, Fondante Van Mons, Beurr<'; Diel, Lewis, Hacon's Incomparable, Charles of Austria, Doyenn6 Mons, Beurre Curtet, Bergamot Fortunee, Harvard, Dearborn's Seedling, Cabot, Van Assene, Ananas d'Ete, Commodore, Verte Longue of Coxc, King Edwards', Jubin, Beurre d'Amandes, Williams's Bon Chretien, Massaehiisetts Horticultural Society. 389 Elizabeth, St. Ghislain, Beurr6 d'Amalis, Capsheaf, Ambrosia, ten var. ; Nos. 1295, 432, 365, 698, J 77, 1586, 108, 969, 1103, and 1590 of Van Mons; two varieties from Dr. Van Mons, without Nos. Apples: — Haw- tliorndean. Red Crab, two var., Kerry Pippin, Yellow Bellflower, Pennock, Lyscom, Ribstone Pippin, Longville's Kernel, Rambour d'Ete, Triangle, Jhoins, Cass, Kraam, Minister, Stratt, Cornish Amateur, Sheep's Nose, Fenouillet Roug-e, Murphy, Fall Harvey, Winesap, Rhode Island Green- ing, Danvers Winter Sweet, Fameuse, Smokehouse, Pound. Peaches : — Red Rareripe, Noblesse, Malta, Red and Yellow Rareripe. Plums : — Diamond, Dominie Dull, Kirke's Washington, Corse's Victoria, Lucombe's Nonsuch, Green Gage, Italian Prune. From J. P. Gushing, Watertown, by D. Haggerston. Grapes : — Mus- cat of Alexandria, Poonali, Black Hamburgh, White Frontignan, Syrian Sweet Water. Nectarines: — Newington, Red Roman, (iNewington), Elruge, Brugnon (Violette Hative.) From Thos. H. Perkins, Brookline, by Wm. Quant. Grapes : — White Muscat of Alexandria, Black Hamburgh, Black Frankendale, Black Fron- tignan. Peaches : — George IV., Hill's Madeira, variety name unknown, Broomfield Nectarine ; Persian Green-fleshed Melon. From Otis Johnson, Lynn. Pears : — Summer Franc Real, Epine d' Ete, Julienne, Dearborn's Seedling, Williams's Bon Chretien, St. Michael, Louise bonne de Jersey, Washington, Calebasse, Jalousie, Charles of Austria, BufFum, Easter Beurr^, Beurre d'Aremberg, Princesse of Orange, Catillac, Gushing, St. Ghislain, Vicar of Winkfield, Green Sugar, Har- vard, Verte Longiie d'Automne, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Bleekcr's Mea- dow, Napoleon, Beurre Diel, Roi de Wurtemburg, Prince's St. Germain, Uvedale's St. Germain, Heathcote. Plums : — Duane's Purple, Wash- ington. From Josiah Lovett, 2d, Beverly. Pears : — St. Ghislain, Hessel, Prince's St. Germain, Calebasse, Roi de Wurtemburg, Hericart, Bezi de la Motte, St. Michael, Van Mons, No. 896, Williams's Bon Chretien, tliree speci- mens from a scion set 17th Aug. 1842. Plums: — Goliah, Long Blue, Coe's Golden Drop ; also. Imperial and Goliah Plums and Peaches from the same tree; box of seedling Currants. From the Messrs. Winship. Pears : — Fulton, Ananas, Bergamotte, Easter Beurre (?) Seckel, Doyenne Blanc, Glout Morceau, Doyenne (.') Williams's Bon Chretien, Tillington, Belle Lucrative, Gushing, Deux Te- tes, Colmar d'Ete, Beurre du Compte, Marquise, Napoleon, French St. Michael, Massachusetts, Fortunee, Surpasse St. Germain, Rousselet, Archiduc Jean d'Autriche, Brown Beurre, Wilkinson, Pelford, Roi de Wurtemberg, Martin Sec, Bon Chretien, Passe (/olmar, Bellissime d'Au- tomne, Cumberland, Beurre Diel, Beurre d'Amalis, Colmar, Sieulle, Belle de Bruxelles, Andrews, Rushmore's Bon Chretien, Scotch Bonnet, Catil- lac, Inconnue Cheneau, St. Ghislain, Bon Chretien Fondante, Bleeker's Meadow, and fruit of the Pyrus spuria. Plums : — Rocky Mountain, White Gage, Purple Egg (fine), Duane's Purple, Belle de Riom, Blue Im- peratrice, Goliah. Apples : — Yellow and Red Crab, Grand Sacliem, Va- riety, Baldwin, Russett. Gardner Sweeting, Greening, Dwarfs, Api, Rei- nette de Newton, Calville Rouge d'Hiver, Reinette Franche, Reinette Grise. Figs: — open culture, Tiburnum oxycoccus and fruit of the Shep- hardi'a ; Tree Cranberries. From Samuel Walker, Roxbury. Pears: — Flemish Beauty, Beurre 300 Massacliusctts Horticullural Sociefi/. d'Amalis, Vicar of Winkfield, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Fondante Van Mons, Duchesse de Mars, Andrews, one variety, name unknown, Dear- born's Seedling, Summer Franc Real, Beurre de Capiaumont, Passe Col- mar, Williams's Bon Chretien, From E. Wight, Dedham. Pears: — Calebasse, Doyenni, Napoleon, Buffum, Beurre Bronzee, Blocker's Meadow, Verte Longuc d'Automne, Tliompsons, St. Ghislain, Urbaniste, Dix, Ambrette, Fortunee, Julienne, Passe Colmar, Easter Beurre, Louise bonne de Jersey, Epine d'Ete, Verte Longue, Brown Beurre, Lewis. Apples : — Gilliflower, Pond, Thin Skin, Seedling Baldwin, Mackay's Sweeting, Warren's Nonpareil, Benoni, Porter, W^ine, Rhode Island Greening, Spice Sweeting, Sweet Russet, Seedling. PVom Elijah Vose, Dorchester. Pears : — Duchesse d'Angouleme, Gush- ing, St. Giiislain, Dearborn's Seedling, Napoleon, Urbaniste, Dix, Iron, Long Green, Ambrette, Bicknell, or Quince, Prince's St. Germain, Bezi de la Motto, Flemish Beauty, Williams's Bon Chretien. Apples : — Gra- venstein, Ilawthorndean, Summer Pearmain, Mackay's Sweeting. From Cheever Newhall, Dorchester. Apples : — Hawthorndean, Beno- ni, Rhode Island Greening. Pears: — Passe Colmar, Williams's Bon Clirt'tien, Beurre d'Amalis, Urbaniste, Roi de Wurtemburg, Heathcote, Napoleon, Surpasse Virgoulouse, Harrison. From J. F. Allen, Salem. Pears : — Summer Bon Chri-tien, Cabot, Seckel, St. Michael, Beurre de Capiaumont, Gansell's Borgamot, Summer Franc Real, Williams's Bon Chretien, Dearborn's Seedling, Napoleon, Verte Longue. Grapes : — Black Hamburg, Black Prince, Chasselas de Bar Sur Aube. From F. W. Macondry, Dorchester. Pears: — Seckel, Gushing, Berga- mot, Washington, Epine d'Ete, Flemish Beauty, Passe Colmar. From Edward M. Ricliards, Dedham. Pears : — Verte Longue, Harv- ard, Gushing, Epine d'Ete, W^illiams's Bon Chretien, Seckel. Apples : — Fall Sops of Wine, Hawthorndean, Red and Green Sweetings. From Ilovey & Co., Boston. Pears : — Napoleon, Beurre Remain, Brown Beurre, Verte Longue d'Automne, Beurr(^' de Mens (?), Roi de Wur- temberg, Seckel. Plums : — Smith's Orleans, Blue Imperatrice. Apples : — Baldwin, Hawthorndean. Seedling Peaches. From L. P. Grosvenor, Pomfret, Conn. Pears : — Williams's Bon Chre- tien, St. Ghislain, Julienne, Passe Colmar, Hardenpont, Wilkinson, Beurre Diel, Urbaniste. Apples: — Spitzenberg, Benoni, Williams, Company, Hill-top, Black, Summer Pearmain, Pippin, Hawtliorndean, Chandler, Baldwin. Peaches : — two varieties of Seedlings, unnamed. From John M. Ives, Salem. Pears : — Summer Franc Real, Beurre do Capiaumont, Hessel, Buffum, Fulton, Gushing, Belle Lucrative, Beurre Bosc, Cabot, Dearborn's Seedling, Andrews, Princesse of Orange, Flem- ish Beauty, Washinirton, Bezi de Montigny, Gilogil, Golden Beurre of Bilboa, Brown Beurn'', Wilkinson, Seckel, Napoleon, Josephine. Plums : — Goliah, Imperial, Scarlet Gage, Reine Claude Violctte, Cruger'.s Seedling, Violet Perdrigon, Green Gage, Diapree, Red Gage. Cornelian Cherries. From J. C. Howard, Brookline. Pears: — Williams's Bon Chretien, Duchesse d'Angouleme, St. Michael, Beurre Diel, Summer Bon Chretien, Napoleon, Beurre d'Amalis, Marie Louise. Peaches: — Royal George, Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 391 Coolidge's Favorite. Grapes: — White Chasselas, open culture, Black Hamburg, Chasselas de Fontainbleu, Golden Chasselas. From Wra. Stearns, Salem. Pears : — Epine d'Ete, Winter Nelis, Chelmsford, Catillac, Belle et bonne, St. Michael, Ronville, Bishop's Thumb, Seckel, Chaumontel, Summer Franc Real, Orange Pear, Brown Beurre, Empress of Summer, Summer Bon Chretien, Washington, Endi- cott, Rousselet de Rheims, Napoleon, Williams's Bon Chretien. Ap- ples : — Jarvis, Andrews' Sweet. From J. L. L. F. Warren, Brighton. Pears : — Williams's Bon Chretien, Martin Sec, Easter Beurre, Brown Beurr6, St. Michael, Julienne, Doy- enne, Sieulle, Bezi de Montigny, Bezi de la Motte, Seckel, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Beurre d'Amalis, Rousselet de Rheims, Buftum, Berga- mot, Napoleon, Catillac, Doyenne d'Hiver, Princesse of Orange, Franc Real d'Hiver, Easter Bergamot, Louise bonne de Jersey, Heathcote, nine varieties not named. Apples : — Gloria Mundi, Grand Sachem, Hawthorn- dean, Porter, Baldwin, Russell, Greening, Lancaster, Ortley Pippin, Gold- en Russett, Warren's Spice, Seedling, Lady Apple, Red Siberian, Yellow Siberian, four varieties not named. Peaches : — Lemon Clingstone, Royal George, President, Lemon Rareripe, George IV., Late Admirable, Cool- idge's Favorite, Grosse Mignonne, two varieties seedlings, four varieties not named. Nectarines : — Pitmaston. Grapes : — Royal Chasselas, Black Hamburg. Plums: — Magnum Bonum, Bingham, Prince's Imperial Gage, Goliah, Duane's Purple, White Gage, Purple Gage, Egg Plum, Purple Damson, Green Gage. From Samuel Pond, Cambridgeport. Pears : — Julienne, Wilbur, Gush- ing, Andrews, Belle Lucrative, Wilkinson, Easter Beurre, Napoleon, Sur- passe Virgoulouse, Beurr^ de Capiaumont, Dix, Urbaniste, Marie Louise, Beurre Diel, Burnet, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Johonnot, Seckel, St. Ghis- lain, Williams's Bon Chretien. From S. H. Walley, Jr., Roxbury. Pears : — Easter Beurre, Vicar of Winkfield, St. Ghislain, Marie Louise, Seckel, Williams's Bon Chretien. Peaches : — Coolidge's Favorite, 2 doz. From S. R. Johnson, Charlestown. Plums : — Washington. Grapes : — Sweetwater, out-door culture, three dishes, fine. From S. A. Walker, Brookline. Pears : — Williams's Bon Chretien, Seckel, Cross, Coffin's Virgoulouse, Napoleon, Summer Franc Real, Heathcote. Cole's early peaches. From G. Merriam, West Newton. Peaches : — Red Rare- ripe, very fine. From C. W. Rockwell, Norwich, Ct. Grapes : — Syrian. From J. Ballister, Dorchester. Pears : — Gushing, Beurre Diel, Fulton, Williams's Bon Chretien. Apples: — Baldwin, From John F. Trull, Dorchester. Pears: — Andrews, Catillac, Black Worcester, Williams's Bon Chretien, Vicar of Winkfield, Beurre de Capiaumont, Beurre d'Ama- lis. Cornelian Cherries. From Stacy Curtis, Roxbury. Peaches : — one dish, very large and fine, without name. Pears : — Williams's Bon Chre- tien, Belle et bonne. From George Brown, Beverly. Pears : — Williams's Bon Chretien, Seckel, Jalousie. From Josiah Newhall, Lynnfield. Pears: — Vicar of Winkfield, Forelle (?) Smith's Orleans Plums. From Thomas Dowse, Cambridgeport. Pears : — Harvard, Seckel, Verte Lon- gue. From Arthur Fay. Peaches : — no name. From John Washburn, Plymouth, Seedling Pears. From George Thatcher, two varieties Peaches. From William Meller, Roxbury, Black Hamburg Grapes ; two dishes Smith's Orleans Plums ; four varieties Peaches, name unknown ; Williams's Bon Chretien pears, and 392 Massachusetts Hurticulivral Society. variety, name unknown; Nonesuch Apples. From J. F. Pierce, Dor- cliester, Squasli Apples. JVom A. D. Capon, Dorchester, large Ap- ples from New Hampshire. From Elbridge Tufts, Cambric! geport. Pears: — Andrews, Harvard, Summer Boii Chretien, St. Michael. Ap- ples : — Porter. From Daniel Chaplin, Cambridge. Pears : — Catillac, Winter Bon Chretien. From A. C. & VV. Curtis, Newton Lower P'alls, Sweetwater Grapes, out door culture. From Seth E. Hardy. Pears : — Williams's Bon Chretien. From Wm. Thomas, Boston. Pears: — Du- chesse d'Angouleme, St. Michael, Washington, Williams's Bon Chretien. Seedling Apricots. Thomas's Plums. From H. Vandine, Cambridge. Pears : — Beurre Diel, Beurrc Spence, New Long Rosewater, Hardenpont, Marie Louise, Seckel, Bon Clin'tien, Spanish Bon ChrtHien, Moor Torrol, St. Michael. Plums: — Coe's Colden Drop, Smith's Orleans, New Or- leans, Yellow Egg, Itilian Prune, Imperial Gage. Peaches: — Golden Purple Clingstone, Royale Yellow, Melacatune. From R. M. Copeland, Sweetwater Grapes, out door culture. From John Bumstcad, Roxbury. Apples : — Gloria Mundi, Ribston Pippin. Pears: — Beurre d'Angletcrre, Seckel. Plums: — Egg, Duane's Purple. From John Arnold, Jr., Milton, Black Hamburg Grapes. From T. A. ShurtletF, Brookline. Egg Plums. From Wm. B. Kings- bury, Roxbury, Williams's Bon Chretien Pears. From Mrs. Adams, Roxbury, Williams's Bon Chretien Pears, two dozen, very fine. From Geo. Newhall, Dorchester. Pears: — Cumberland, Beurre Bosc, Urban- iste. Julienne, Dix, Passe Colmar, Fulton, Seckel, Williams's Bon Clire- tien. Royal Purple Clingstone peaches. From Josiali Gilmore, Newton. Apples: — Monstrous Pippin, Golden Ball, Lady Apple. Harvard Pear. From Wm. Kenrick, Newton. Pears : — Flemish Beauty. From James Munroe, Jr., Cambridge. Pears: — Louise Bonne de Jersey, Beurre dc Capiaumont, Calebasso, Vicar of Winkfield, variety unknown. Peach, variety unknown. From Aaron D. Weld, Roxbury. Pears , — Williams's Bon Chretien, two varieties unknown, for name. From Isaac Davis, Dor- chester. Peaches, name unknown. From John A. Kenrick. Plums: — Duane's Purple, Lombard, Wash- ington, Prince's Imperial, Sweet Damson, Smith's Orleans, Yellow Gage. Apples : — Cogswell, Yellow Siberian Crab. Pears : — Seckel, Williams's Bon Chretien, Napoleon. From Thomas Mason, Roxbury. Grapes : — White Muscat of Alexandria, White Hamburgh, Black Prince, White Frontignan. Two dishes Williams's Bon Chretien Pears. From Aaron D. Williams, Roxbury. Pears : — Harvard, Williams's Bon Chretien, Bon Chretien. Plums: — Green Gage, Washington, Yellow Gage, Orleans, Corse's, Red Gage. Black Hamburg Grapes. From Mrs. Bigelow, Med- ford. Pears : — Summer Bon Chretien, St. Michael, Williams's Bon Chre- tien. Yellow Rareripe Peaches. From Jacob Deanc, Mansfield. Apples : — Fall Sopsavine, Golden Russet, Rcinette, Tender Sweet, Monstrous Pippin, Vermont Sweet, White Apple, Seedling from do., Iley Boy, Sweet Superb, Spice Sweet, Seedling from do., Sugar Cluster Russet, Summer Pcarmain, Boyden Sweet, Winter Sweet Russet, Wine apple, five varieties of Seedling Ap- ples. Peaches: — Clingstone and Large Early. From S. &l G. Hyde, Newton. Apples: — Bough Harvest, Hubbardston Nonesuch, High Top Sweeting. (?) Peaches: — Cutter's Red and Yellow, Red and Yellow Rareripe, Hastings's Rareripe, Red Clingstone, Jacques's Yellow, very MassacJmsetts Horticultural Society. 393 fine. Pears : — Catillac, BufFum, Seedling from the Seckel. From E. E. Bradshaw, Charlestown. Plums : — Washington, Imperial Gage. From J. Owen, Cambridge. Peaches, Pears, Apples (Porter), and Grapes. From Joseph A. Atkinson, Lynn, Duane's Purple Plums, Vegetables. — From J. M. Ives, Salem, Autumnal Marrow Squash. Six Water Melons, from John Gordon, Watertown. From Josiah Lovett, 2d, Beverly, three Sulphur Brocoli, five varieties of Squash, viz, : Mala- ga, Smyrna, Autumnal Marrow, Lima, Canada, and common Crook-neck. From Samuel Herrick, Beverly, one Indiana or seven years Pumpkin — weight, 73 lbs. From E. Tufts, Cambridgeport, large Yellow Cantelope melon. From Henry Butterfield, Cambridge, Italian squash — weight, 102 lbs. From Dr. Howard, Brookline. Melons: — Napoleon, Green Smyrna, Persian, Nutmeg, Queen's Pocket, and Citron. From Wm. B. Kingsbury, Blood beets. From F. W. Macondry, Sugar beets, Blood beets, Canada squashes, baskets of new and fine tomatoes, Okra fruit. From Hovey & Co., two Mammoth Squashes, weighing 48 lbs. each ; new Bassano beets, fruit of the purple Egg plant. Melons. From Col. T. H. Perkins, fruit of the purple Egg plant, 5olanum Melonghia. From A. D. Weld, Marrow squash, cucumbers. From I. Davis, Dorchester, Canada squash, 11 months old. From A. D. Williams, Blood beets and Marrow squashes. From John Hill, Musk melons. Acorn squash, from P. Conant, Charlestown. A Box of Honey from the aparia of Mr. Obadiah Hadwin, Worcester, attracted much attention. On Friday, the 15th, the Committee of Arrangements, to the number of about thirty, dined together at the Pavilion. Among the invited guests, was the delegation from the New York Institute, consisting of Rev, J. O. Choules and S. Stevens, Henry Meigs and A. J. Downing, Esqs. Mr. A. H. Ernst, from Cincinnati, Ohio. Col. Wilder, President of tlie Society, and Rev. J. L. Russell, Professor of Botany, &c. The committee assembled at 3 o'clock, and after the interval of an hour spent in social intercourse, and the interchange of friendly greeting, the members, with their guests, sat down to one of the most sumptuous feasts. The tables were ornamented with flowers, and the dessert, which was the free contribution of various members of the Society, more partic- ularly of the committee, was bountiful and rich. Never did we set down to a more excellent repast. The Chairman of the Committee, Mr. S. Walker, presided. A blessing was invoked by the Rev. Mr. Choules, and after partaking of the dinner and the removal of the cloth, the chair- man rose and oflfered the following sentiments. National Prosperity — CuUivated fields and fruitful gardens are both the source and index of national progress, in all that constitutes the strength of the state and the happiness of her citizens. Annual Festivals — Ours is to commemorate the blessings of Providence upon the industry of man, and to congratulate each other upon the beautiful gifts of our common Father. Gardening — This was the appointed employment of the first of our race, and will ever be the chosen pursuit of many of his descendants. The chairman next gave The American Institute — First to congregate the skill of American industry. Its example and its enterprise have recently developed the agricultural resources of our country. VOL. IX. NO. X. 50 394 Massachusetts Hortlcidtiiral Society. To this sentiment, tlie Rev. Mr. Choules, chairman of the delegation of the New York Institute, in the absence of Gen. Talmadge, replied in a short and interesting speech. He alluded to the improvements which had been made in liorticulture in the vicinity of Boston, and to the example Avhicli had been set by the Mass. Ilort. Soc. He believed Boston to be far ahead of any other part of tlie country in horticultural science. He alluded to tlie prejudice which existed in some parts of New York state, against the clergy, on account of their attending cattle shows and agricul- tural exhibitions, and occasionally taking part in the festivities of the day. This prejudice grew out of tiie want of a taste for such pursuits. He was happy to know there were no such prejudices in New England. Mr. Choules highly complimented the Society, and in connexion with it related an amusing anecdote. In conclusion he gave — The Massachusetts Horticultural Society — One of the best blessings of a social community. From the arable ground of peace and union, its members have brought forth the flowers of promise, and the i'ruits of good fellowship. Col. Wilder, the President of the Society, replied. Mr. W. welcomed the delegates as representatives not only of Horti- culture, but of the great science of Agriculture, the means by which our race subsist, and tlie foundation of all national and individual prosperity. He stated that the cultivation of the soil in all ages had been esteemed honorable by the great and good — that it was refining and enobling — that its pleasures were of the purest character, and in support of this, gave as a sentiment, in tlie language of Washington — The Cultiralion of the Soil — " The most healthful, the most useful, and the most honorable employment of man." The chairman next gave — The Cincinnati Horticultural Society — She has already given us a good Ern'stof wliat she intends to do in the dissemination of horticuhural improvement. Mr. Ernst, of Cincinnati, Ohio, an intelligent and enterprising nursery- man of that city, who was present, replied. He was highly gratified at being enabled to be present on this occasion. He had attended the exhi- bition, and was astonished at the great variety and number of fruits which were exhibited. In the West they were but yet in the infancy of horti- culture, and looked to the East for information: they had recently estab- lished a society in Cincinnati, but he trusted it would be the means of disseminating information among the people, and instrumental in the intro- duction of the choicest fruits. There was no soil or climate better adapted to the cultivation of fruit than that of Ohio. He should return to his home, and give an account of what he had seen, and he hoped the Cincinnati Hort. Soc. would follow the example. Mr. Ernst concluded by offering the following toast : — Tlie Massachusetts Horticultural Society— The mother vine, whose fruitful branches have reached across the Alleghany mountains. May it continue to spread until the whole land shall become a perfect garden. The next sentiment from the Chair, was — The. Cnltirators and Agriculturists of Gotham — Well does that State deserve the appellative of " great," which sends forth as her delegates, men whose enterprise developes the natural resources of the country ; whose genius facilitates progress ; and whose philanthropy blssses mankind. Mr. Stevens, President of the Croton Water Works, rose in reply. He had never been gratified by such a display of fruit. He said he had heard Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 395 through the medium of your paper, and through your Hovey's Magazine, of the progress which had been made in horticultural improvement, but until now had not been a witness to the results. Mr. Stevens made many pertinent remarks upon horticultural societies, and commended the labors of the practical gardener, whose occupation it was to produce such splen- did specimens as had been presented at the exhibition. He gave as a toast — The Working Gardener. The Rev. J. L. Russell rose to make some remarks. He had listened attentively to the observations which had fallen from his Rev. brother, Mr. Choules, and he was glad to have this opportunity to say to him, that here in New England, he need have no fear that his interest in horticul- tural pursuits would derogate from his profession. He believed that the cultivation of the earth was an enobling, christianizing occupation : that its moral effect upon tlie community was Ijeneficial and good. He spoke at some length on various topics, and concluded with a sentiment. The chairman then gave the following :— The Accomplished Gardener — Uniting science, skill, and taste, with the dexterous and readj- hand. Mr. Downing, of the Highland Nurseries, Newburgh, N. Y., offered a sentiment in reply, which we unfortunately could not procure. The following sentiment called out Mr. Meigs, of New York. Home Industry — The parent and protector of agriculture, commerce, the useful and elegant arts. Our country is leagued to support it ; we need not look abroad for aid, when New York can guide us with such §ood generalship. We shall not endeavor to give even a synopsis of Mr. Meigs's speech, which was humorous and entertaining. It was the first time he had ever been in Boston. For though he was descended from puritan blood, yet he had never been in this modern Athens before. He concluded witli a toast, which, in the merriment that followed his remarks, we forgot to secure. Dr. Wight, Recording Secretary, offered the next sentiment, as fol- lows : — The Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements — He is a Walker; may good fortune blossom around Itis path, and old age find his granary full. Mr. Walker, remarked, that although speech-making was not his forte, he should jtistly be charged witli a want of gratitude and courtesy, did he neglect to thank the gentlemen of the Society for their good wishes and repeated acts of kindness towards him. It was fourteen years, he said, since he had been elected a member of the Horticultural Society, during which period he had labored with nearly all its practical and working men ; and now, after two apprenticeships, he was ready, he said, to enter into another engagement for fourteen years more. Fourteen years ! He recalled it ; he was ready to enter into an ens:agcment for life., and should the future intercourse of the members be as pleasant as the past has been, it would prove to be a red letter day from the beginning to tlie end. Mr. Walker next referred to the ivorks of the Horticultural Society. " Permit me to ask," he said, " ivhat have we done ? and, ivhat remains to he done ") " Then, replying himself to the queries, he observed, " we have nearly changed the face of the country, and have seen the products of Flora and Pomona, which ten years ago could have been stowed in a two-horse era- 396 Massachusetts Horticullnral Society. nibus, now filling a hall 100 feet by 45! and yet this is only the he6tus jacobse'us, with its tiny dark flowers and equally slender foliage, was remarkably pretty. Verbenas, double stocks and German asters occupied prominent spaces among the other annuals. Indeed, we left more impressed with the idea than ever, that an acre cultivated well, aflbrds far greater satisfaction both to the possessor and to his friends, than a dozen kept in a slovenly manner. The gardens of Mr. A. Breed ajid Mr. Webster., both con- tain very good collections of fruit trees, small grape houses and flower gardens, but we did not see any thing sufficiently new to deserve particular mention. Passing on to Salem, at noon, we arrived there in season Notes 071 Gaj'deiis and Nurseries. 425 to visit some gardens, and also to attend the exhibition of the Essex County Natural History Society, held in Salem. The Pomological Garden of the late Mr. Mannmg is a place of great interest to the amateur of fruit. We only regretted that we could not spend a whole day in studying the habits of the different varieties, and noting down the cha- racteristics of many of the sorts. An hour scarcely sufficed to take a passing glance at all the different varieties in bearing, so numerous this season, amounting we believe to nearly one hundred and seventy-five sorts. Some- of the specimens were large and fine ; such as the Queen of the Low Countries, Hacon's Incomparable, King Edward's, Ma- rie Louise, and many others, notwithstanding consider- able quantities had been picked to send to the exhibition of the Mass. Hort. Soc. and the exhibition at Salem. ^Viff Nurserij of J. M. Ives, adjoining, has been extended since our last visit ; Mr. Ives having purchased a fine spot of ground on the opposite side of the street. Here we saw a fair stock of peach and other trees coming on, and mak- ing a good growth. In a few years Mr. Ives will be able to furnish a variety of trees. Garden of Mr. J. F. Allen. — One of the most complete forcing gardens in the vicinity of Boston, will be that of Mr. Allen's. The present year he has taken a new spot of ground, in addition to his own garden, and had already erected a grape house 100 feet long, and was laying the foundation for another of the same length, and to be span- roofed, parallel to it. A third is also in contemplation, in order to unite the three, by crossing from one to the other at the ends. The grapes had just been set out in the house, newly completed, and had just begun to make a fresh growth. Mr. Allen had tried the new plan adopted by an English grape-grower of eminence, in order to give his vines a rapid growth. This was by covering the whole of the border 12 inches thick with fresh stable manure, in order to raise the temperature of the border at this season. The effect of its application we shall learn from Mr. Allen. When the whole of the houses are completed, we shall endeavor to give a more detailed account of them, with their dimensions, heat- ing apparatus, &c. VOL. IX. — NO. xr. 54 426 Reviews. — Economy of Farming. REVIEWS. Art. I. The Economy of Farming., from the German of Prof. Burger; with copious Notes from the works of Tliaer, Veit, Schwertz, Sprengel, Petri, c^c, and an Index. By E. Goodrich Smith. 1 vol. large octavo, pp. 132. New York. 1S43. This work is a translation from the German of Prof. Burger's valuable Manual on Agriculture, or that part of it termed the " Doctrine of the Household, or the Economy of Farming. ^^ The translation was undertaken by Mr. Smith, at the express desire of Charles L. Fleischman, Esq. of Washington, D, C, a gentleman distinguished for his scientific knowledge, and intimate acquaintance with Ger- man writers upon agriculture. Mr. Fleischman, in a letter to Mr. Goodrich, states that he has not seen any English or French works on the subject, which contain such im- portant information as those of Prof Burger, and their publication, he thinks, would convey much im])ortant knowledge, not only to the learner, but to the practiced farmer. We have not room to make extracts from the volume, but we may safely recommend it as a useful publication to the agriculturist. If the present work meets with favor from the public, it will be followed by other valuable trea- tises, not to be found in our language, from the same author. Mr. Fleischman assisted Mr. Goodrich in his translation, and examined the manuscript, so that the work may be considered free from errors. The index is very copious, and all the different subjects referred to with facility. Art. II. The American Agriculturist'' s Alm,anac for 1844. By A. B. Allen, Editor of the American Agriculturist. Pamphlet. 8vo. 62 pages. New York. 1813. Almost every trade and profession has its Almanac. Yet among the many which have been published, till within Revieivs. — Cultivator'' s Almanac. 427 a year or two, none have been devoted to the especial in- terests of the farmer. No occupation, however, can so well do without one of these annuals, as the farmer; so much of his entire livelihood is dependent upon the weather, that he should, indeed, devote a portion of his leisure time to the acquiring a knowledge of the elements. Every thing should be done by the farmer in season : the neglect of a few days is often the loss of a whole year : dependent thus upon the seasons, an almanac devoted to his interests must be an especial favorite, and a necessary companion at all times. If, in connexion with the usual astronomical calculations, he can obtain information which will remind him of the monthly duties which devolve upon the cultivator of the soil, — and informed which is the most valuable stock for him to possess upon his farm, — such an almanac must be far more useful than the ordinary publications which usual- ly flood the country. In the one named at the head of this article, these subjects are combined, and arranged in such a manner as to be easy of reference. And when we state that it is by A. B. Allen, the well known and talented edi- tor of the American Agriculturist, that alone will be suffi- cient to recommend it to the attention of intelligent farmers. It is the first of a series to be annually published, and each year the subjects treated upon will be varied and quite dif- ferent. The present almanac contains nearly forty pages of agricultural matter, all new and quite interesting. The astronomical matter is calculated for all the principal cities of the Union. We can recommend it to the attention of farmers in all parts of the country. Art. III. The Cidtivator'' s Almanac^ or Rural Calendar for the year 1844. Containing, beside the usual Astronomical Calculations, a great variety of Suggestions, Maxims^ Tables, ^'c, for the use of Farmers and Gardeners. By Willis Gaylord and Luther Tucker, Editors of the Cul- tivator, Albany, N. Y. Pamphlet. 12mo. 32 pages. Lansenburgh, N. Y. 1843. Another publication, devoted to the interests, avocation and pursuits of the agriculturists of the country, with 42S Literary Notice. aslronomical calculations, particularly for the State of New York. A variety of useful information is contained in its pages. Plans of Farm buildings, a List of Apples for the Orchard, Manures, and Portraits of improved tSheep and Cows, are the principal subjects which fill its pages. Under each month are some excellent hints and good ad- vice, which are deserving the attention not only of farmers but of all who feel any interest in the cultivation of the soil. Messrs. Gaylord and Tucker, the authors, are too well known to render it necessary for us only to draw at- tention to the work, to induce every farmer to possess a copy. Art. IV. Literary Notice. The Trees of America, Pictorially, Botanically, and Ento- niologically delineated; embracing a complete description of tlie Forest Trees of North America, their Culture, Management, and Propagation ; Uses and Economy in the Arts ; introduction into Cominerce ; a?id their applica- tion in Usefid and Ornamental Plantations, a?id in Land- scaj)e Gardening. By D. J. Browne, Author of the Sylva Americana. We are pleased to inform our readers that this excellent work, which has been some time announced by Mr. Browne, is soon to be issued. Mr. Browne has been fortunate enough to obtain a sufficient number of subscribers, to warrant him in commencing its publication. All, however, who are in- terested in the growth and preservation of our native trees, should now put down their names to the work. It will form a beautiful imperial octavo volume of 500 pages, and will be ornamented with 300 fine wood engravings, executed by the best artists, printed with the text, and on the very best of paper. It will be issued in ten numbers at 50 cents each, or it will be furnished to subscribers, bound in cloth, on payment of $5 in advance. The first number will ap- pear in a short time. General Notices. 429 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Art. I. General Notices. Growing Cinerarias. — When cinerarias have done flowering, cut off all the flower stems and old leaves, and place them in a cold pit or frame, which must be kept close for two or three weeks to cause the plants to grow ; afterwards admit air freely by day, but keep them close at night ; then about the beginning of August divide the old plants into pieces, and put them into small pots, filled with a mixture of good loam and sandy peat, to which may be added a small portion of well rotted dung. When potted, return them to the pit or frame and keep them close ; afterwards, as they grow, shift them into larger pots, and use a little manure water, and finally, as the danger of frost approaches, remove them to the green- house, where they will bloom well all the winter and spring, if kept free from insects. The best kinds are Waterhousmncr, Royal Blue, Rival King, Gem, Queen Victoria, Splendid, Eclipse. {Gard. CAron., 1843, p. 289.) Treatment of Rodanthe Manglesix. — This beautiful annual is rarely seen in any perfection. The following remarks may possibly lead to its more successful cultivation. The seeds should be sown at two seasons : the first, about the beginning of September; the second, about the end of February. The soil the seeds are sown in should be rather strong, but not rich, for the first sowing ; consisting of a mixture of sandy loam and leaf mould : they should be sown in pots, and placed in a cold pot or frame, (if sown in the autumn), which should be kept close until the plants are up. The young plants should be potted off when small, for if allowed to get large before potting, they never do any good ; put a single plant into a small thumb pot : they must then be returned to the pit or frame, and kept close until they recover the effects of the shift ; afterwards har- den them by admitting air. Then, when there is danger of frost, remove them to an airy part of the greenhouse for the winter, taking care that they are not over-watered ; for much depends upon the manner in which they are treated during the winter, as too much or two little water will destroy the healthiest plants in a short time. In the spring (Feb.), repot them into a richer, but light, sandy soil, and place them in a warmer and moister situation, and prick off all the first flowers as they appear. The spring, some plants maybe treated like other annuals; only they must have plenty of air to keep them from being drawn up weakly. ( Gard. Chron., 1843, p. 345.) Stei-ile Straivberry Blossoms. — There ought to be no flowerless plants in strawberry beds, — not even amongst those of the Hautbois varieties. In some soils, too much dung occasions great luxuriance of foliage, with but little or no fruit. In such cases, a top dressing of fresh soil, different in its nature from that in which the plants are growing, is preferable to rich manure. {Gard. Chron., 1843, p. 417.) [This is the opinion of eminent cultivators and botanists in England, and it accords with our remarks in a previous page. The truth is, that the strawberry, when its blooms are perfect, has both sexual organs in one flower, or in plain words, the blossoms are hermaphrodite, like the apple, 430 Domestic Notices. pear, cherry, peach, &c. This confirmation of our remarks from so high a source as Dr. Lindley, the editor of the Chronicle, is gratifying, and we hope will tend to produce satisfactory results in relation to planting out new beds, without some other variety near those which are supposed to be barren of fruit. — £h 62J 1 00 20 12^1 25 4 From To Squashes and Pumpkins. Autumnal Marrow, per cwt. Winter Crookneck, per cwt. Canada Crookneck, per cwl. Pumpkins, each, . . . . Fruits. Apples, dessert and cooking : Baldwins, per barrel, . . Greenings, per barrel, Russetls, per barrel, . . Blue Pearmain, per barrel, Danvers Winter Sweet, " Common Sweet, per bar. Spitzembergs, per barrel, Conunon, per barrel, . . Fall Pippins, per barrel, Dried apples, per lb. . Pears, per half peck : Beurrc Diel, per doz. . . Winter Doyenne, per doz Duchess d'Angouleme, " St. (Jermain, per doz. Marie Louise, per doz. , Urbaniste, per doz. Dix, per doz. ... Messiic .lean, per hf. pk. Lewis, per tmirpecU, . Common, per half peck. Baking, per bushel, . Peaches, per doz : Cranberries, per bushel. Quinces, per bushel, . . Tomatoes, ])er half peck. Berberries, per bushel, . Grapes, per pound : Black Hamburg, . . White Sweetwater, . AVhite Malaga, . . . Purple Malaga, . . . Isabella, Catawba, .... Pine-apples, each, . . Lemons, per doz. . . . Oranges, per doz. . . Walnuts, per busiiel, Chesnuts. per bushel, . Cocouuuis, per hund. $ cts. I 00 1 00 0 2 50 3 00 2 00 2 50 50 Is 00 2 00 ''2 50 2 50 |3 00 2 00 1 — 00 2 00 00 $ cts. 1 50 1 00 2 50 ,2 50 2 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 n 25 1 50 25 3 00 2 00 25 87i 37 i 25 25 25 12 12 12 25 25 1 50 1 75 3 00 75 62i 00 75 37i 37i 3 50 25 37.i 50 2 00 2 00 4 00 Remarks. — Since our last the weather has been very unpleasant and cool ; it is not often that so many easterly winds prevail in October. There have been several light frosts sufficient to kill vines in low places ; but up to the present moment (28th,) the dahlias, (which are the best thermome- ter as regards the freezing point) in ojjen and exposed situations, are yet Howcring in great beauty. But notwithstanding this, -we learn that snow Horticultural Memoranda. 439 has already fallen in Vermont and the western part of New York. The wet weather has prevented a good harvesting of the crops, and there is much work to perform. Vegetables. — Potatoes remain without much alteration. Moderate sup- plies have arrived from the eastward, and auction sales on the wharf have been made at 33 cents per bushel : the stock is much lighter than last season at this time. Sweet are more abundant and prices lower. Turn- ips are abundant, large and handsome. Onions are without alteration. Of beets and carrots there is the usual supply. Parsnips have just come to hand, and of fair size and quality. No new radishes have yet appeared. Horseradish is plentiful at our prices. In cabbages there is considerable doing : the season for coasting trade has arrived, and some large lots of Drumheads have been taken ; the stock is not large nor very fine ; the late cool weather has rather checked their growth. Savoys are quite small. Brocoli are in some request, but the supply is limited, and prices have advanced. The same may be said in relation to cauliflowers. Shell beans and corn are all gone. Celery is now tolerably abundant and very good. Peppers and cucumbers are gone. Parsley is abundant and good. Squashes continue to come to hand in large quantities, and large lots have been taken at low rates ; Autumnal Marrows have never been more plen- tiful ; in some localities the crop has been exceedingly great. Winter Crook Necks are also plentiful. Of the true Canada there is not a large supply. Fruit. — The fruit market exhibits some activity, and considerable quan- tities have been shipped to southern and foreign markets. The stock of apples is quite light, and but for the New York market, prices would range considerably higher than they now are. The Western Rail-road aifords such facilities for the rapid and safe conveyance of fruit, that a new market is brought within a short distance. Availing themselves of these facilities, some of our fruit dealers have sent to the western part of New York, even beyond Rochester to purchase apples, and hundreds of barrels are now on the way to this market. Pears are rather scarce ; quite a variety of sorts may be obtained, and some very superior fruit, particularly of the Duchesse d'Angouleme. A few peaches, of late sorts, selected out and carefully kept, now bring our quotations. Cranberries are scarce and high. "Quinces were never more plentiful ; great quantities liave been brought into market. A few yellow tomatoes remain. Berberries are moderately supplied. Grapes are abundant and low. Several lots of Malagas have lately arrived and stocked the market ; Isabellas are abund- ant, but the cool weather has prevented their ripening off so well as usual. Walnuts are abundant and cheap. Chestnuts are more plentiful than for two or three years. — Yours, M. T., Boston, October 28th, 1843. HORTICULTURAL MEMORANDA FOR NOVEMBER. FRUIT DEPARTxMENT. Grape Vines will still be ripening off their wood : they will therefore need some attention, such as picking off all decayed leaves ; unless in the 410 Horticultural Memoranda. greenhouse, giving: an abundance of air in all fine weather. If young vines one or two years planted, the top shoots will need occasional topping, in order to check the growth and free flow of sap. Strawberry Beds should be lightly covered with an inch or so of old ma- nure, if the plants were set out in August, and a little manure thrown over the old beds, not sufficient to cover the plants, but only to fill up between them. Currant, Raspberry and Gooseberry Bushes may yet be planted. Grape Vines of the hardy native varieties, such as the Isabella, &c. may be now transplanted. Fruit Trees of all kinds may be removed this month. Seeds of Fruit Trees, such as pears, apples, cherries, peaches, plums, &c. may be sown this month. Scioiis for grafting may be cut this month, and preserved in earth in the cellar till spring. FLOWER DEPARTMENT. The Dahlias are probably all out of the ground by this time : where they are not they should soon be taken up, as they gain nothing by re- maining out. Place them in the cellar, cither in barrels or boxes, both of which modes have their advocates, or place them under the stage of the greenhouse ; see that the names are wired on, as those tied with strings of bass matting are apt to drop off. Camellias will now be swelling their buds, and should have plenty of moisture. Keep the pots washed clean. Top dress if necessary, and lie up every plant to a neat stake, painted grey or green. Seeds may be sown now, and cuttings put in for stocks. Ruses taken up last month, should now be pruned down, cutting in every good shoot to two eyes, and taking entirely out all weak wood, which never produces good buds. Water occasionally with guano or liquid manure of some kind. Schizanlhuses, in pots, should be shifted into the next size this month ; the roots should not be allowed to l)ecome matted together. Tulips, Hyacinths, and other bulbs should be planted this month. Pelargoniums should be repotted this month, and as soon as new roots are formed, the main shoot should be pinched off, to make the plants com- pact and bushy. Cereuses, Cactuses, &c. may be grafted now with the best success. Roses in the open ground, if some of the more tender kinds, such as the Bourbons and a few of the hybrid kinds, should be protected with a light covering of earth or strawy manure. Cinerarias should be repotted this month, making use of a rich loamy soil. C/iinrsr Primroses should be repotted. Cliiiisdiithi initms should now have liberal supplies of water, and occasion- ally of liquid manure. Greenhouse Plants of all kinds in very small pots, may be shifted into the next size. Cuttings just rooted should be potted off, and care should be taken that the green fly is kept off, by occasionally fumigating with tobacco. THE MAGAZINE HORTICULTURE DECEMBER, 1843. MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Art. I. General Notices. Summer Pruning of Grape Vines. — It is a mistake to imagine that the sun must shine on the bunches of grapes, in order to ripen them. Nature intended no such thing, where heavy clusters were caused to grow on slender stalks, and to hang below the foliage of branches, attached to trees by their strong and numerous tendrils. On the contrary, it is evident that vines naturally bear their fruit in such a way as to screen it from the sun ; and man is most unwise when he rashly interferes with this intention. What is wanted is a full exposure of the leaves to the sun ; they will prepare the nutriment of the grape — they will feed it, and nurse it, and eventually rear it up into succulence and lusciousness. We therefore submit to our horticultural readers, that vigorous summer pruning is wrong. Let us not, however, be misunderstood. We do not suggest that the vine should form all the wood it likes ; that should be provided against by good winter pruning, and by rubbing off such buds as are not to grow with shoots. What we contend is, that those shoots which are selected to remain, should be permitted to produce as much foliage as possible ; and that, as the destruction of laterals is the diminution of foliage, that de- struction should be discontinued. When, however, branches have grown for many weeks, and are in au- tumn beginning to slacken in their power of lengthening, theory says it is then right to stop the shoots by pinching off their ends ; because after that season newly-formed leaves have little time to do more than organize themselves, which must take place at the expense of matter forming in the other leaves. Autumn stopping of the vine shoots should be not only unobjectionable, but advantageous; for the leaves which remain after that operation will then direct all their energy to the perfection of the grapes. {Gard. Chron. 1843, p. 443.) [This is the true theory of pruning the grape. How many cultivators, however, pursue just the opposite course, and not only cut away all shoots, but even strip off the leaves, that the sun may ripen the fruit ! — Ed.] Potting and Shifting Plants. — When we place plants in pots we give them an artificial habitation, and they then require of us artificial treat- VOL. IX. NO. XII. 56 442 General Notices. ment, to reconcile them to an abode foreign to their natures. First, the soil will, of course, be a composition suitable to the particular plant or plants to be potted ; but of whatever it may be composed, particular care should be taken that it be not too wet or too dry. If the former, it be- comes, during the process of potting, a compact mass, which, contracting as it gets drier, leaves a vacuum between the exterior of the pot and the ball of the plant ; thus allowing the free admission of light and air, which is of course anything but beneficial to the plant. If, on the other hand, it be too dry, it prevents for a considerable time, the free passage of mois- ture to the roots ; and it will often be found, especially if the plant itself is dry at the time of potting, that it will suffer greatly ere it receive suffi- cient moisture to recruit the evaporation of its juices. Secondly, the pots, if not new ones, should be scrupulously clean ; for if the advantage were nothing more than the facility obtained in turning out the plant to exam- ine, or reshift it, it would amply repay the trouble. But independent of this, a plant enjoys better health in a clean than in a dirty pot ; and if no other consideration would urge to cleanliness, appearance would, I pre- sume, decide in its favor. Thirdly, drainage sliould combine two proper- ties, to allow free exit to superabundant moisture, and to prevent the en- trance of worms : and altho\igh the latter object is somewhat difficult of attainment, we should seldom have to complain, if plants, when placed in a situation where worms are likely to abound, were set upon a sufficiently thick layer of cinder ashes, or some similar material (two inches thick.) To allow a free passage to the superabundant moisture, let the crock cov- ering the drain-hole be placed so as to form an arch, with a few smaller ones placed round it, covering the whole with a slight quantity of moss sufficient to prevent the finer particles of soil being washed round the larger crock, which would efiectually obstruct the drainage, when the soil would become sour and unhealthy ; and, as a natural consequence, the plant would follow its example. Fourthly , the depth of potting should be regu- lated by the mark which nature points out, and which is always conspicu- ous in plants raised from seed ; at all events, let it not be placed deeper than when it receives its first remove from the cutting or seed pot. To bury an inch or two of the stem of a plant is very injurious, although a practice of too common occurrence with careless potting. Fifthly, on leaving a sufficient space in the pots to receive water, on no account let it form a kind of basin ; that is, a hollow round the stem ; but let the soil round the stem be as high as the rim of the pot, receding gradually to a depth round the rim agreeably to the size of the pot, the nature of the plant, or the situation in which it is to be placed. — {Gard. Chron., 1843, p. 444.) [Good advice, worthy the attention of all cultivators of plants. —Ed.] Cultivation of the Coxcomb. — Mr. James Drummond cultivates the cox- comb to a very large size. He nourishes copiously, employing twice a week a strong liquid manure, consisting of an infusion of sheep's droppings, pigeon-house cleanings, soot and black soap. — (7f/. 1843, p. 447.) Experiments ivilh Guano. — Mr. James McNab read a paper before the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society, giving an account of his experi- ments tried with guano, both in powder and a liquid form, during the year 1842. From the results of these experiments, he cautioned amateur cul- tivators against the use of this strong manure for young, soft-wooded plants, grown in pots, such as pelargoniums, calceolarias, cinerarias or ver- General Notices. 443 benas, a number of which had suffered greatly from its application. With hard-wooded or suffruticose plants more freedom may be used ; but no de- cided advantage accrued from the employment of guano. — Id., 1843, p. 447.; Experiments upon Asparagus with different Manures. — Eight worn out beds were treated with as many different compounds, and two were left untouched : 1, to which 201b. of salt were applied at once, is weak and yellow, showing that the dose was two great; 2, the same quantity of nitrate of soda is rather stronger ; this substance pulverizes tlie soil and renders it hghter ; 3, 201bs. of sulphate of magnesia, is scarcely different from the preceding; 4, watered every week with guano and salt, at the rate of a handful of each to every four gallons of water, is exceedingly strong, — showing that weak doses applied often, produce a much better effect than when a great quantity is given at once ; 5, watered once a fortnight with 2 lbs. of magnesia, dissolved in water, is very good ; 6, with an equal quantity of Potter's guano, dissolved in water, is of a dark green and particularly vigorous ; 7, super phosphate of lime, 2 lbs. applied in the same manner, is strong, but of a much lighter color ; 8, guano, 2 lbs., not so strong as the four preceding ; the whole of the beds thus oper- ated upon, are, however, far superior to those which received nothing. — (Gard. Ckron., 1843, p. 575.) Cultivating; the Strawberry. — For the general crop, I trench, clean, and well manure the ground ; when the whole subsides, I draw the soil with a hoe, into ridges six inches high and two feet apart; early in the season, when the first runners are in a fit state, the best plants are planted out on these ridges, two in a patch, twelve or eighteen inches apart, in the rows, according to the richness of the soil and the vigor of the varieties. Pines requiring more space than scarlets. By December,! take the opportunity of frosty weather to wheel on a quantity of half decayed leaves, scrapings from the wood-yard, dry dung, &c., to fill the space between the ridges ; and early in May, the prunings of fruit trees and other small toppings, strewn between the plants to support the fruit and runners, a few inches above the soil ; by this method the fruit is large, well flavored, preserved perfectly clean, and the ground is not impoverished by the growth of use- less plants on the runners : the wood-supports prevent this. Early in autumn, I remove all useless growth, fork up the soil between the rows, and repeat the mulching in winter. By this system of culture, strawberry plantations may be kept in the highest state of productiveness for several years.— {Gard. Chron., 1843, p. 589.) Art. it. Foreign JSTotices. ENGLAND. English Dahlia Exhibitions for 1813. — The dahlia season for 1843 has been brought to a close, and we have now before us the results of the many exhibitions which have been held throughout Great Britain. As has been our usual custom, we below present to the amateurs of this 444 Poreign Notices. — England. splendid flower, and to our readers generally, a synopsis of the varieties which have been the most successful in taking the prizes. It is from a comparison of the names of the winning blooms, that we can learn which are most to be relied upon as show flow.ers, and which in reality are the most worthy of extensive cultivation. Since the estal)lishmentof the new standard of judgment by the London Floricultural Society last season, as given at the close of our last volume (VIII., p. 411,) very few new seedlings have been brought forward for premium. It is rare to find one to come up in all its parts to the true standard of a first class bloom. The Society, in adopting such a course, has done much to prevent the sale of the innumerable seedlings which are yearly produced, and which in many instances are not near so good as many of the older kinds. If the Floricultural Society pronounce a dahlia, after having been frequently shown in stands of 6 blooms, that being one of the conditions, 1st class or 2d class, that is sufficient to give it a repu- tation among all growers of the dahlia. But the mere fact that a seedling dahlia took a prize at this or that provincial Society, even though it may accidentally be a fine variety, does not give it a character sufficient to' warrant any amateur in purchasing it. Of the ten Seedlings which gained prizes either as 1st or 2d class flow- ers, last season, the stands will show how correct the society was in its judgment. The most successful appear to be, first, Essex Triumph ; the next, Perpetual Ground ; the third, Sir R. Sale ; the fourth, Virgil ; the fifth. Beauty of Sussex ; sixth. Antagonist, which with Miranda and Great Mogul, are nearly equal ; ninth and tenth. Empress of the Whites, and Hero of Stonhenge. The latter are in but a small number of stands, Essex Triumph is in nearly every first prize stand. Mrs. Shelley, x^shmodeus, and Mrs. J. Richardson, three new dahlias, of last year, but which did not take either first or second class prizes, have proved to be first rate sorts ; Mrs. Shelley, in particular, being in nearly every prize stand. The Societies referred to are among the most popular in the kingdom. Rot/al South London FloricuUural Society — Exhibition at the Surry Zoological Gardens, Sept. 19th. The dahlias it is stated were not so good as usual nor the contest so severe. Nurserymen's Class. Best twenty-four blooms. — Mrs. J. Richard- son, Cattleugh's Eclipse, Perpetual Grand, Virgil, Beauty of Sussex, Lady Cooper, Beauty of the Plain, Blue Bonnet, Vivid, Springfield Rival, "Widnall's Eclipse, Mrs. Shelley, Hudson's Princess Royal, Admiral Slop- ford, Dodd"s Prince of Wales, Springfield Purple, Cattleugh's Tourna- ment, Duchess of Richmond, Penelope, Bedford Surprise, Widnall's Queen, Paul Pry, IMiranda, Pickwick. — To Mr. Bragg, of Slough. Salt Hill Grand Dahlia .SAou;.— Exhibition at Salt Hill, September 22d. Nurserymen's Class. Best twenty-four blooms. — Lady Cooper, Competitor, Admiral Stopford, Springfield Rival Ashmodeus, Mrs. J. Richardson, Springfield Purple, Mrs. Shelley, Hudson's Princess Royal, Great Mogul, Queen, Sir R. Sale, A^ivid, Pickwick, Phenomenon, Candi- date, Cattleugh's Eclipse, Le Grand Baudine, Beauty of the Plain, Essex Triumph, Marchioness of Exeter, Andrew Hofer, Bedford Surprise. — To Mr. Brown, of Slough. Nottingham Floral and Horticultural Society. — Exhibition Sept. 20th. The shows of this Society are very large and superior. Foreign Notices. — England. 445 Nurserymen's Class. Best twenty-four blooms. — Bridesmaid, Cli- max, Yellow Climax, Cox's Defiance, Queen of Beauties, Phenomenon, Hudson's Princess Royal, Maria, Dodd's Prince of Wales, Nicholas Nick- leby, Andrew Hofer, Rouge et Noir, Metella, Duke of Cornwall, Lady Harland, Loi-d Landon, Captivator, Ploughboy, Gipsey Maid, Duchess of Richmond, Indispensable, Pickwick, Windmill Hill Rival, Lewisham Ri- val.— To Mr. Edwards. Pendleton Dahlia Show. — Exhibition Sept. 11th, at which numerous prizes were awarded. Nurserymen's Class. Best twenty-four blooms. — Hero of Ston- henge, Widnall's Eclipse, Mrs. Shelley, Oakley's Surprise, Optime, Grace Darling, Phenomenon, Dodd's Prince of Wales, North Midland, Marquis of Lansdowne, Rouge et Noir, Antagonist, Westbury Rival, Essex Triumph, Pickwick, Argo, Lady Ann Murray, Majestic, Beauty of the Plain, Maid of Bath, Duchess of Richmond, Hudson's Princess Royal, Coronation, Lewisham Rival. — To Mr. W. Lodge. Pittsville Horticultural and Floral Exhibition. — Exhibition Sept. 19th. The Dahlia show it is said was especially excellent. Sweepstakes. Best twenty-four blooms. — Prince of Wales, Essex Triumph, Bridesmaid, INlarquis of Lansdowne, Hodges' Queen, Admiral Stopford, Blue Bonnet, Queen of Trumps, Maria, Bianca, Mrs. Shelley, Confidence, Beauty of the Plain, Duke of Cornwall, Violet Perfection, Conqueror of the World, North Midland, Rainbow, Competitor, Presi- dent of the West, Bedford Surprise, Princess Royal, Maria and Phcsnix. — To Mr. Hodges, a prize of three sovereigns. Royal Horticultural Society of Cornioall. — Exhibition September 12th. Among the several stands oif dahlias were blooms of all -the newest kinds. Best twenty-four blooms. — Hope, Uxbridge Magnet, Scarlet Defiance, Lewisham Rival, Nicholas Nickleby, Lee's Bloombury, Fanny Keynes, Rouge et Noir, Lady Cooper, Walter's Unique, Twyford Perfection, In- dispensable, Maria, Beauty of the Plain, Grace Darling, Prince Albert, Prince of Wales, Princess Royal, Marquis of Lansdowne, Egyptian Prince, Burnham Hero, Widnall's Eclipse, Bridesmaid, Array. — To G. C. Fox, Esq. Wingham Horticultural and Floral Society. — Exhibition Sept. 7th. — The show of dahlias superior. Nurserymen's Class. Best twenty-four blooms. — Duchess of Rich- mond, Metella, Pickwick, Hope, Charles XII., Admiral Stopford, Rouge et Noir, Eclipse, Phenomenon, Essex Triumph, Antagonist, Andrew Hofer, Lady Cooper, Barnard's Rival Queen, Marquis of Lanssdowne, Lee's Bloomsbury, Hudson's Princess Royal, President of the West, Lady Middleton, Maid of Bath, Burnham Hero, Mrs. Shelley, Purple Perfection. — To Mr. Philpot, Aldington. Tunbridge Wells Horticultural Society. — Exhibition, Sept. 1. Best twenty-four blooms. — Exquisite, Rival Sussex, Lady Harland, Admiral Stopford, Lady Cooper, Sir R. Sale, Queen of Trumps, Essex Triumph, Princess Royal, Perpetual Grand, Prince of Wales, Conserva- tive, Maid of Bath, Marquis of Lansdowne, Beauty of Wakefield, Bianca, Queen, Col. Baker, Perfection, Highgate Rival, Argo, Mrs. James Rich- ardson, Mrs. Shelley, Duchess of Richmond, Beauty of Sussex. — To Mr. Mitchell. 446 Foreigfi Notices. — Eriglatid. North British Professional Gardener^s Society. — Exhibition Sept. 27th. Competition open to all Scotland. Grand Dahlia Sweepstakes. Best twenty blooms. — Bishop ofWin- chester, Phenomenon, Pickwick, Array, Princess Royal, Yellow Climax, Lady Cooper, Mrs. Shelly, Prince of Wales, Beauty of the Plain, Duch- ess of Richmond, Antagonist, Westbury Rival, Lady Harland, Marquis of Lansdowne. Hodges Compethor, Essex Triumph, President of the West. — To Mr. Thompson. Norfolk and Norwich Horticultural Society. — Exhibition Sept. 20th. Best twenty-four blooms. — Prince of Wales, Bridesmaid, Osgar, Grace Darling, Prince of Wales, Optime, Eclipse, Mrs. Shelley, Lady Cooper, Andrew Jlofer, Le Grand Baudine, Tournament, Princess Royal, Com- petitor, Ploughboy, Rose Unique, Conservative, Beauty of the Plain, Pre- sident of the West, Bedford Surprise, Argo, Phenomenon, Duchess of Richmond, Prince Albert. — To Mr. T. Chambers. Haverhill Horticultural Society. — Exhibition Sept. 19th. The dahlia competition open to all England. Nurserv.men's Class. Best twenty-four blooms. — Widnall's Eclipse, Widnall's Majestic, Widnall's Queen, WidnalTs Victor, Hudson's Prin- cess Royal, Sphere, Stella, Indispensable, Cattleugh's Eclipse, Virgil, Euclid, Mrs. J. Richardson, Duchess of Richmond, Beauty of Sussex, Dodd's Prince of Wales, Andrew Hofer, Antagonist, Prince Albert, Com- petitor. Phenomenon, Vivid, Essex Triumph, Indispensable and Col. Ba- ker.— To Mr. S. Widnall a prize of £6. Royal Devon and Cornwall Botanicaldnd Horticultural Society. — Exhi- bition, September 14th. Best twenty-four blooms. — America, Admiral Stopford, Burnham He- ro, Amato, Monarch, Alice Peel, Mrs. Shelley, Pamplin's Bloomsbury, Pickwick, Phenomenon, Rival Sussex, Andrew Hofer, Beauty of the Plain, Argo, Conservative, President of the West, Essex Triumph, Le Grand Baudine, Maria, Hope, Hero of Wakefield, Nicholas Nickleby, Col. Baker and Bedford Surprise. — To Mr. J. Clark, gold rnedal. Thanct Floricultural and Horticultural Society. — Exhibition Sept. 12th. Open to all England. Best twenty-four blooms. — Marquis of Lansdowne, Perpetual Grand, Le Grand Baudine, North Star, Candidate, Grace Darling, Competitor, Conservative, Mrs. Shelley, Essex Triumph, Queen of Trumps, Spring- field Rival, Beauty of the Plain, Pickwick, Blue Bonnet, Phenomenon, Bedford Surprise, Andrew Hofer, Metella, Lady Ann Murray, Admiral Stopford, Dodd's Prince of Wales, Regulator, President of tlie West. — To Mr. Brown, of Slough, the prize of X'7. Wallon-le-Dale Floral and Horticultural Society. — Exhibition Septem- ber 2Gth. Best twenty-four blooms. — Bedford Surprise, Stella, Bridesmaid, Beau- ty of the Plain, Springfield Rival, Fanny Keynes, Regina, Optime, Ori- ental Pearl, Attila, President of the West, Mrs. Shelley, Prince of Wales, Le Grand Baudine, Duchess of Richmond, Princess Royal, Marchioness of Lansdowne, Chancellor, Widnall's Queen, Bloomsbury, Garrick, Ex- quisite, Indispensable and Seedling. — To W. Dent. Tamworth Horticultural Society. — Exhibition September 27th. — The dahlias were very fine. Best twenty-four dahlias. — Andrew Ilofer, Exquisite, Holmes' Queen Foreign Notices. — Eiiglajid. 447 Victoria, Princess Royal, Mrs. Shelley, Lady Cooper, Essex Triumph, Perpetual Grand, Sir R. Sale, Competitor, Eclipse, Prince of Wales, Pre- sident of the West, Miss Abbott, King- of the West, Mrs. J. Richardson, Hero of Stonhenge, Indispensable, White Defiance, Admiral Stopford, Widnall's Queen, Bedford Surprise and Rose Unique. — To Mr. Holmes. The following are the results of Class showmg. Floricultural Society. — Best white tipped purple Miranda; white tipped with pink, Ansell's Queen ; dark, Essex Triumph ; Lilac, Essex Bride (seedling) ; Crimson, Sir R. Sale ; Purple, Brown's Blue Bonnet ; rose, Mitchell's Mrs. Kelley ; Scarlet, Thompson's Vivid ; yellow-tipped , Hud- son's Princess Royal ; yellow, Dodd's Prince of Wales; orange, Nil. Surrey Florist's Society. — Best lohite, Empress of the Whites ; Self, Essex Triumph ; yellow, Dodd's Prince of Wales ; ivhite tip or blush. Princess Royal. A careful inspection of the flowers in the prize stands above enumerated, will convey a better idea of their merits than any attempt of ours to single out and repeat them here. The same varieties that have taken prizes are our most noted kinds here, and such as have been most admired at our exhibitions the past autumn. Last spring a prize of £10 was offered for the best two blooms of the best white, the flowers to be exhibited at three several meetings ; and the one which was pronounced the best of the three, to be awarded the prize. The first exhibition for this contest took place before the Royal South London Floricultural Society, Sept. 19th. The prize was awarded to Bianca. These were the smallest blooms exhibited, but were the only two flowers that were quite perfect in the centre : Mr. Bragg's Antago- nist, which carried off" the prize of 5 guineas, offered by Mr. Wildman last year, was exhibited, but both blooms were defective in this respect. The second contest took place at the great Salt Hill Dahlia Show, Sept. 22d, when the prize was awarded to Bragg's Antagonist. The third and last contest was at the Dahlia Exhibition of the Floricul- tural Society, Sept. 26, when the prize was decided again in favor of Bragg's Antagonist. Bragg's Antagonist may therefore now be considered as the finest white variety in cultivation. Probably the new seedling of Mr. Keynes, Emma Noke, may be ranked next to it, it even having taken a prize as the best white, over Antagonist. Bianca is occasionally a superb flower, but its lateness and uncertainty detract greatly from its value. Seedlings. — The seedlings of 1843 appear to be vmusually poor. A great number that were sent to the Floricultural Society for inspection, were so inferior, that they were not reported on at all. The principal exhibitions of seedlings were, as usual, at Salt Hill, and before the Floricultural Society. The following are the reports ; — Salt Hill. — Seedlings of 1842. Four blooms. — 1, Mr. Spary for Lady Antrobus, white and lavender ; 2d, Mr. Brown, Lady St. Maur, white tipped; 3, Mr. Brown, Rembrandt, dark ; 4, Mr. Turville, Champion of Essex, vivid scarlet. Seedlings of 1842. One bloom : — 1, Messrs. Heale, Emperor of the Whites ; 2, Mr. Proctor, Nonpareil ; 3, Mr. Whale, Duchess of St. Albans ; 4, Mr. Headly, Meteor. Floricultural Society. — Oct. 3d. — Several dahlias were placed on the table for exhibition. Twelve blooms of a very pretty dahlia, of a peculiar rose color, named Espartero, from Mr. Bragg, of Sloug-h ; it -was pro- 448 Foreign Notices. — England. nounced a good 2d class flower, medium size, good general form, with the centre well up, but not well defined. Six fine blooms of Brown's Raphael, a dark and light shaded crimson, much improved since its last exhibition. Sixteen blooms uf Bushell's Emma ; the petals of this flower are too pointed, but though second rate, it will from its size, constancy and color, be found a useful and ornamental variety. The Pet Rival was also exhib- ited, and although condemned by the Society last season, from having been in a bad state, proves, under better cultivation, to be a flower of bet- ter properties than was anticipated. A very fine bloom of Proctor's Non- pareil was placed on the table, which promises to be a flower of first rate proportion. An extraordinary bloom of Bianca, for size and purity of white, surpassing every specimen we had previously seen. It is evident that it is a late flower, as we noticed last season, and it is uncertain also ; and though inferior to Antagonist, particularly in the country, it will often be found useful to London growers. Stpt. 26lh.— Seedlings of 1842. Class I.— Six blooms : Standard of Perfection, crimson, by Mr. Keynes. Class II. — 1, Essex Bride, lilac, by Mr. Turville ; 2, Lady Antrobus, lilac, by Mr. Spary ; 3, Emma Noke, white (neat and compact, but rather pink, and requires bleaching), Mr. Keynes ; 4, ]\Iodel, Mr. Bourne ; 5, Rembrandt, (fine form and petal, but not good centre,) Mr. Brown ; G, Raphael ; 7, Orange Perfection (low centre), Mr. Brown. It thus appears that there are but six or eight new seedling dahlias that are worthy of trial. To such perfection has the cultivation of this flower arrived, that out of the hundreds of thousands which are yearly raised, only eight or ten are found equal or superior to the older kinds. The labors of the Floricultural Society have brought about this result : but for the severe trial to which the blooms are subjected for judgment, these same seedlings would be undoubtedly sold out as the very crack blooms of the season. Show of Pelargoniums at the July Exhibition of the London Horticultural Society. — Not having space to give the reports of the monthly exhibitions of the Horticultural Society, which would occupy 12 or 15 pages each, we give our readers that portion of the July show which relates to the show of Pelargoniums ; from this, cultivators will learn what are now es- teemed the leading varieties : — " The splendor of the Pelargoniums formed no inconsiderable portion of the attractions of the exhibition, and in point of color and perfection of bloom, they were finer than at the previous meetings. In large specimens, the collection from Mr. Cock was perfect with the exception of one j)lant, the Queen of the Fairies, which was rather on the decline. The large collections also from Mr. Catleugh and Mr. Gaines contained magnificent specimens. Matilda, in the collection of the latter grower, was, from its fine head of bloom, compactness, and symmetry of form, one of the most perfect specimens we have seen. There has been an evident improvement this season in the general appearance of the large collections, in conse- quence of several of the old and worthless sorts having been discarded ; this has given a superiority to this class of flowers, which is not lost upon the public, and we trust to see tiiis reform carried further another year. In the collections of smaller pelargoniums, we hope to see a much greater improvement next year. We have noticed in this class some new and fine varieties, and we have also observed some which, unfortunately, indicate Foreign Notices. — Eiigiand. 449 no forward movement towards the attainment of perfection ; those who have complained of not having been prepared for this class, will not have this cause to assign another season ; and we therefore hope to see this por- tion of the exhibition what it was intended it should be, a record of the improvements that are going on in this beautiful tribe, as well as speci- mens of superior cultivation. In collections of twelve new and first rate varieties, in pots of twenty- four to the cast, there were three collections from amateurs. The Gold Banksian was awarded to Mr. Staines, Middlesex place. New-road ; his collection comprised the following sorts : — Assassin, Enchantress, Rising Sun, Bridesmaid, Victory, Rhoda, Priory King, Witch, Madeline, Gipsy, Jubilee, and Fair Maid of Devon ; these plants were exceedingly well grown, short shrubby specimens in fine bloom, and the plants well covered with flowers. Mr. Cock carried off the Silver Gilt by his exhibition of Luna, Laura, Madeline, Catleugh's Madame Taglioni, Roulette, Constel- lation, Coronet, Unit, Emma, Eclipse, Paragon, and Gipsy. The large Silver was taken by Mr. Dobson, gr. to Mr. E. Beck, of Isleworth ; his plants were Amyntor, Meteor, Cleopatra, Martha, Dido, Admiral, Leo- nora, Luna, Erectum, Susanne, Bride, and Stella. In the Nurserymen's Class, the contention laid between Mr. Gaines and Mr. Catleugh, but neither of these collections were so finely in bloom, nor the plants in such fine condition as they had been exhibited at former shows, and the Silver Gilt was awarded to Mr. Catleugh, for Shepherdess, Rosetta superb, Julia, Unit, Sir R. Peel, Rhoda, Mulberry, Symmetry, Fair Maid of Devon, Favorite, Jubilee, and Marcella. Mr. Gaines's flowers, for which he re- ceived the large Silver, consisted of Commodore, Arabella, Gipsy, Prin- cess Royal, Madeline, Hermione, Lady Sale, Duchess of Sutherland, Rising Sun, Countess of Zetland, Great Mogul, and Elegans nova. In collections of twelve varieties, in pots of twelve to the cast, there were two collections from amateurs. The first, to which the Silver Gilt was awarded, was from Mr. Cock, of Chiswick, and consisted of twelve magnificent plants, in fine health and condition, and covered with bloom ; the sorts were Selina, Evelyn, Evadne, Erectum, Flamingo, Witch, Flash, Grand Monarch, Madeline, Queen of Fairies, Master Humphrey, and Rhoda. The other collection was from Mr. J. Parker' gr. to J. H. Ough- ton, Esq., Roehampton ; the condition of these plants was not good, they were very unequal, and seen beside Mr. Cock's collection, was no doubt a great disadvantage. The Silver Knightian was awarded to them ; they were, Lady Mayoress, Joan of Arc, Vulcan, Beauty, Alexandrina, Lady E. Bulteel, Sirius, Britannia, Vivid, Dennis's Prince Albert, Simile and Florence. Mr. Catleugh and Mr. Gaines contended in the Nurserymen's Class ; these collections were very finely grown, many of the specimens were very superb. The Silver Gilt was awarded to Mr. Gaines ; his flowers were. Lady J. Douglas, Grand Duke, Black-Eyed Susan, Nymph, Roseum erectum, Erectum, Victory, Gem of the West, Mabel, Arabella, Grand Monarch, and Matilda. Mr. Catleugh received the large Silver for Grand Monarch, Leila, Coronation, Madeline, Sapphire, Mrs. Stirling, Tasso, Dido, Wonder, Parson's Queen, Erectum, Josephine. VOL. IX. NO. XII. 57 450 Domestic Notices. Art. III. Domestic Notices. Horticultural Exhibition in Cincinnati. — The first cxliibition of our Society is past, and we rest well satisfied with the success. It has exceeded my expectations greatly, and I believe that of most others, except perhaps a very few sanguine spirits. There is the element of better tilings here, and I will not doubt but that a few years will see us far in advance of what we now are, perhaps but little behind the Boston society which has set us so good an example. It may not be amiss to say that the beauty of the room was greatly increased by its decorations and ornaments, (cornucopias, pyramids, wreaths, and the like), and these were almost entirely the work of the ladies ; let me say it, that it was more tasteful, more ornamental than the exhibition which I saw at Boston two years ago, though not nearly so rich and interesting to the horticulturist. The principal exhibitors of flowers were Mr. Brigham, Mr. Jackson, Mr. Sleath, Mr. Hoppin, Mr. Winter, Mr. Ernst, and some few others, whom I do not now recollect ; and they made truly a very handsome show of flowers and rare and valuable plants. I was so busily engaged that 1 was not able to take notes, — you will, however, see a detailed account soon. This branch of the matter is, I think, in advance of the fruits. There are in every little street and in every great street, windows deco- rated with plants ; these we did not bring out, but the prospect of the next exhibition will be suflicient to incite many of them to come, and we shall no doubt show more plants in bloom. Of fruits, we mostly excelled in Catawba grapes and Seckel pears. These both were very large and fine. Mr. Mottier's pears measured from 8 to 9 inches in circumference, (they were grown on the apple stock) and there were several other baskets but little inferior ; we think them a little inferior in flavor to those grown on their own stock. I cannot give you the particulars of these things. There was a very respectable show of pears, plums, apples, quinces, &c., which I do not doubt will in three years be increased to ten times its present variety and value. Among the vegetables and melons, those raised from the seed which you sent us were the most conspicuous. Very few of our fine market gar- deners belong to the Society, and we were not so well represented in this department as we should have been. The greatest difficulty with all things of this kind here, has been to continue the interest. Many matters of science and taste have been pop- ular for a short time, and have then given way to something else. We trust that such will not be the case with us, — there is so much which in- terests every one (not only the horticulturist), that we think one or two exhibitions every year must succeed. We look forward to many valuable additions during the coming year, — our funds must increa.se, and tiiis is no unimportant matter. We shall, I think, be able to offer prizes, which will be something. We hope to become a corporation, — next to own property, and to have in connection with our garden, a cemetery, which will be worthy of the living as well as the dead. This you will say is getting along fast. We will rather go slow than to trample upon ourselves, but we must not rest. Very truly yours, C. W. EUwt. Cmcinnati, Sept. 25th, 1843. Exhibitions of HorticuUural Societies. 451 Agricultural, HorticuUural and Floral Society, in Northampton, Mass. We are glad to learn that a Society has lately been formed in Northamp- ton, for the promotion of Agricultural, Horticultural, and Floral pursuits. Such an institution we hope soon to see established in every prominent town in the state. The association of individual zeal will have a tendency to stimulate each member to renewed exertion, and the occasional exhibi- tions which may be holden, will disseminate a taste for gardening among the public. In Northampton and its vicinity are many fine gardens, abounding in fruits, and we doubt not some highly interesting exhibitions will be made, when the association is well established. The officers of the Society consist of a President, three Vice Presidents, a Corresponding and Recording Secretary, Treasurer, Librarian and Standing Committee. —Ed. Horticultural Society in New Jersey. — The Newark papers announce the formation of a new society in Essex County, N. J., for the promotion of Agriculture and Horticulture. The first meeting was held November 14, and at a subsequent meeting a Constitution was adopted and officers cho- sen for the ensuing year. A. Denman, Esq., of Springfield, was elected President, and J. Littell and J. W. Hayes, Vice Presidents. New Jersey has been rather backward in horticultural science, and it gives us pleasure to see a better spirit abroad among the cultivators of the State. — Ed. Art. IV. Exhibitions of Horticultural Societies. The exhibitions of the present year, so far as we have had occasion to inspect them, — and we have had the pleasure of being present at three of the most prominent ones, — have been unusually fine, and well attended. Particularly in fruits, the specimens have been large and the number of varieties more extended than usual. In dahlias the show" has not been quite equal to former seasons ; this was owing to the exceedingly dry weather of July, which injured the plants. There have been, however, many superior specimens exhibited of the new and choice varieties, such as Essex Triumph, Miranda, Oakley's Surprise, &c. We regret that we are not enabled to present reports of the exhibition of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, and the New Haven Horticul- tural Society, both of which are said to have been exceedingly rich and beautiful. But to make up for the absence of these, it is gratifying to present so full an account of the first annual exhibition of the Cincinnati Horticultural Society, only established last spring ; such a good beginning augers well for its future prosperity. We trust some of the older horti- cultural associations of the country will take a lesson from their younger sister, and be induced to make renewed exertion, to revive something of the same spirit which animates our friends of the Queen city. Essex County Natural History Society's Exhibitions. — Accord- ing to our promise, we now send to you an account of the Horticultural Exhibitions held this season at the Hall of the Essex County Natural History Society. 452 Exhibif'wiis of Hortlcidtural Societies. Sixteen weekly exhibitions have been held on Wednesdays of the re- spective weeks ; of these we shall subjoin only the list of contributors and allude to a few of the most interesting specimens exhibited ; the detail of which would occupy too much space in the pages of your valuable journal. The following is a list of contributors : — Mrs. J. D. Treadweli, Mrs. C. Lawrence, Abraham Bosson, F. Lamson, W. P. Richardson, Nathl. Silsbee, jr., J. C. Lee, J. S. Cabot, James Upton, J. F. Allen, F. Put- nam, H. Wheatland. S. C. Phillips, G. D. Phippcn, C. Lawrence, C. A. Andrew, G. C, Lee, W. F. Gardner, Mrs. W. Dean, Miss H. Neal, Miss M. Neal, Edward PutTiam, E. E. Cheves, Miss M. B. Ives, G. IL Devereux, of Cherryfield. Me., H. K. Oliver, T. Ropes, Jr., Andrew Nichols, of Danvers, E. Emmcrton, E. S. L. Richardson, John Lewis Russell, B. Creamer, J. IL Nichols, S. Cruickshank, C. F. Putnam, Mrs. N. Silsbee, Jr., E. H. Derby, J. M. Ives, H. F. King, W. P. Goodhue, N. B. Mansfield, W. Stearns, G. Driver, Mrs. J. Nichols, Miss Salton- stall. Miss L. A. Frye, B. H. Silsbee, G. Osgood, of Danvers, Stephen Webb, W. Macks, R. S. Rogers, E. Thaver, J. B. Osgood. Miss G. C. Silsbee, D. L. Pickman, J. E. Fiske, W. C. Barton, John Stone, J. W. Treadweli, W. D. Pickman, James C. Harvey, S. Ferguson, John Clark, J. B. F. Osgood, C. H. Peirce, J. A. Goldthwaite, James Kimball, An- drew Lord, R. Manning, W. G. Rayner, J. G. Sprague, W. Dean, G. A. Andrews, G. W. Downing, C. H. Saunders, W. Waters, .John How- ard, Jr., Miss E. Lewis, Miss M. J. Howard, Daniel Lord, E. Buswell, Miss H. Treadweli, N. Cleaves, C. Hoffman, Mrs. Sarah Webb. The display of roses, from the gardens of Messrs. Cabot and Putnam, was very fine ; of these, were many new and beautiful varieties. That of the Pffionias was also good, including many choice seedlings from Mr. F. Putnam. Of the pot plants, was a fine plant of the iilium lanciloliiim album, containing several beautiful flowers, from the greenhouse of Mr. F. Putnam. Of the early fruits, such as the strawberry, cherry, rasp- berry, &c., the shows have been exceedingly rich and fine, far surpassing that of previous seasons. At all these exhibitions, the native plants have held a conspicuous place, including all the beautiful and rare species as well as the more common ones, found in this vicinity. Many of these are richly deserving a place in the gardens of our amateur florists, and would surpass in beauty and richness of foliage many of those of exotic origin. ANNUAL EXHIBITION. The Third Annual Exhibition of Fruits and Flowers took place on Wed- nesday, Thursday and Friday, Sept. 20, 21, and 22. The number of con- tributors was greater, and the display of fruits and flowers, exceeding both in variety and quantity that of any previous exhibition, particularly of the pears, which were said to be of a very high order, not only in the variety exhibited, but the beauty and magnitude of many of the specimens. Num- ber of contributors one hundred and twenty-nine ; of these, ten were resi- dents of Beverly, seven of Danvers, two of Marblehead, one of Boston, and the remaining one hundred and nine of our city. Number of the va- rieties of fruit exhibited, three hundred and five; of these, one hundred and seventy-five were pears, fifty-eight apples, twenty -seven plums, twenty peaches, ten melons, nine grapes, two figs, two oranges, one quince, one nut. Flowers : — The following is a list of contributors. Mrs. J. D. Tread- Essex Co. Natural Histonj Society. 453 well, Cam61ba japonica, var. rubra plena, iZemerocallis alba, dahlias, asters, &c. Mrs. R. Brookhouse, bouquets of verbenas, honeysuckles, pinks, asters, &c. Mrs. E. Austin, dahlias, asters, dwarf Rocket lark- spurs, lathyrus, marigolds, &c. Miss Maria Ropes, bouquets of phlox, balsamines, stocks, marigolds, &c. Miss Harriet C. Mack, bouquets, asters, gladiolus, larkspurs, verbenas, dahlias, &c. Miss C. E. Peirce, bouquets of verbenas, lathyrus, &c. Misses Derby, several large and beautiful bouquets of hemerocallis, dahlias, asters, &c. Misses Deland, dahlias, verbenas, balsamines, candy tuft, &c. Ohver Thayer, asters, stocks, dahlias, coxcombs, &c. Andrew Nichols, of Danvers, dahlias, nasturtium, &c. George Brown, of Beverly, centaurea, &c. J. D. Black, of Danvers, dahlias, balsamines, &c. Augustus J. Archer, dah- lias, gladiolus, &c. Hovey & Co., of Boston, a stand of fine double Ger- man asters. P. Dodge, a large and beautiful bouquet of dahlias, asters, gladiolus, &c. Augustus Torrey, of Beverly, Cam^lha japonica plena alba, Fuschs/ff globosa, corchorus, geraniums, &c. S. C. Phillips, dahlias, roses, gladiolus, asters, &c. F. Lamson, a large bouquet of dahlias, stocks, hibiscus, verbenas, larkspurs, asters, &c. W. P. Richardson, bouquets of dahlias, asters, gladiolus, &c. J. F. Allen, dahlias, — Pickwick, Princess Victoria, Sulphurea elegans,also sev- eral varieties of roses. W. A. Landers, several varieties of Noisette and Tea roses. H. Wheatland, dahlias, asters, gladiolus, pinks, &c. Charles Hoffman, roses, — twenty varieties of Perpetual, Tea and Noisette ; dah- lias, several varieties ; Fuchs/a fulgens ; lobelia, petunia, agapanthus, &c. Daniel Lord, dahlias, — Ansel's Unique, Lilac Perfection, Lady Dartmouth, &c. John W. Downing, dahlias, — upwards of one hundred blooms, and about forty varieties, viz. : WidnalFs Queen, Ne Plus Ultra, Fireball, &c. ; also asters. George Driver, dahlias, twenty varieties, viz. ; Argo, Ne Plus Ultra, Premier, Princess Victoria, Andrew llofer, &c. ; also, bouquets of asters, gladiolus, &c. T. Ropes, Jr., dahlias, sixty blooms, twenty-nine varieties, viz. ; Essex Rival, Bree's Rosa, Fair Maid of Clifton, Pickwick, Argo, Grace Darling, &c. E. Buswell, dahlias, twenty-one varieties ; Andrew Hofer, xVrgo, Hero of Tippecanoe, Regina, &c. W. F. Gardner, dahlias, several varieties, viz. ; Marshal Soult, Rienzi, Unique, &c. B. H. Silsbee, dahlias, — Pre- mier, Unique, Striata, &c. ; also, bouquets. H. K. Oliver, dahlias, many varieties, viz. ; Dodd's Prince of Wales, Miranda, Pei-petual Grand, &c. also, balsamines, asters, &c. James Upton, dahlias, one hundred and fif- teen blooms, thirty-eight varieties, viz. ; Northern Beauty, Charles XH., Primrose, Bree's Rosa, &c. ; also, balsamines, asters, portulacca, &c. O. Carlton, dahlias. Premier, Mrs. Rushton, Salamander, &c. Andrew Lord, dahlias. Quilled Perfection, Scarlet Perfection, &c. G. D. Phippen, dahlias, eighty blooms, twenty-five varieties, — among which were Wheeler's Maria, Gaines's Primrose, Crichton, Mrs. Johnstone, Rainbow, &c. ; also, bouquets of cut flowers. J. H. Phippen, dahlias, forty blooms, fifteen varieties, viz. : Fireball, Suffolk Hero, Sarah, Beauty of the North, Argo, &c. Jos. A. Goldthwaite, dahlias, seventy-five blooms, several varieties, viz. : Argo, Maria, Marshal Soult, Ne Plus Ultra, Rienzi, Eva, Mrs. Jones, &c. ; also, cyclamen and roses. N. Cleaves, dahlias, fifty-seven blooms, seventeen varieties, viz. : Maria, Grace Darling, Essex Rival, Regina, Mrs. Broadwood, &c. ; also, asters. F. Putnam, dahlias, about 454 Exhibitiojis of HortiaiUuj'al Societies. one hundred and twenty blooms, fifty varieties, viz. : Charles XII., Essex Triumph, Optime, &c. ; roses, several varieties, passion flowers, asters, &c. John C. Lee, dahlias, several varieties, viz. ; Rienzi, Mrs. Rushton, Princess A'ictoria, &c.; also, bouquets of asters, gladiolus, stocks, verbe- nas, &c. George I\Iasury, of Beverly, dahlias, several varieties, viz. : Rainbow, Premier, &c. ; also, hemerocallis, gladiolus, verbenas, «&c. J. C Harvey, dahlias, thirty varieties, viz. ; Argo, Beauty of Kingscote, Climax, Ovid, Premier, &c. H. F. King, dahlias, — Unique, Red Rover, Mrs. Rushton, &c. ; also, bouquets of asters, gladiolus, balsamines, ver- benas, &-C. Native Plants: — Mrs. J. D. Treadwell — Gnaphalium, solidago, asters, &c. John Stone — Eupatorium, gnaphalium, asters, &c. E. E. Chee- ver — lobelia, polygala, solidago, &c. Andrew Nichols, of Danvers — Genimna crinita, Neott.ia cernua, mosses, &c. Jones Very — Fruit of the .Actae^a alba, Jlctse^a rubra, and AVum triphyllum. S. P. Fowler — ^I'ster nova-anglize, (under cultivation, very large and beautiful,) Gewixana cxini- ta, &c. H. Wheatland — Phytolacca decandra, asters, &c. F. Lamson — ifelianthus divaricatus, asters, solidago, &c. C. H. Peirce — eupatorium, asters, &c. Fruits: — John C. Lee. Pears: — Doyenn^ Blanc, Henry IV., Seed- ling, Dix, Bleeker's Meadow, Julienne, Buffum, Messire Jean, Lewis, Heathcote, Harvard, St. Ghislain, Seckel, Cabot, Long Green, Parkin- son's Warden, Winter Orange, Roi de Wurtemburg, Duchesse d'Angou- leme, Flemish Beauty, Duchesse de Mars, Johonnot, Beurre Paternoster, Williams's Bon Chretien, Easter Beurre, Beaure Beaumont, Jaminette, Beurre Bronzee, Beurre d'Aremberg, Crassane, Urbaniste,ValleeFranche, Glout Morceau, Fulton, Hessell, Lodge, Gendesheim, Spanish Bon Chre- tien, Bezi de la Motte, Beurre Uiel, llousselet de Rheims, Summer Bon Chretien, Belle et Bonne, Louise Bonne de Jersey, Orange Rouge, Gros Rousselet, Unknown, Quince, Beurre gris, Bon Chretien d'Hiver, Doy- enne d'Hiver Nouveau, Fall, (unknown.) Plums: — Prince's Imperial, Elfrey. Apples: — Gravenstein, Good Minister, unknowTi. Grapes: — Black Hamburg, Sweetwater, variegated Chasselas, rose Chasselas. Melons: — Watermelons, (water sprout, &c.) muskmelons. Defiance, Pineapple. A. L. Peirson. Pears: — I3ergamot, St. Ghislain, Heath- cote. Peach : — Seedling. Robert Manning. Pears : — Belle et Bonne, Beurr6 d'Aremberg, Roi de Wurtemburg, Althorpe Crassane, Golden Beurre of Bilboa, Croft Cas- tle, Beurr6 de Capiaumont, Huguenot, Flemish Beauty, Williams's Bon Chretien, Heathcote, Cuvelier, Cabot, Clara, Alpha, Fondante Van Mons, Commodore, Boucquia, P]pine d'Ete, Hacon's Incomparable, Marie Louise, Doyenne Blanc, King Edward's, Vicar of Winkfield, Dix, Johon- not, Styrian, Comte de Lamy, Belle Lucrative, Jalousie, Surpasse Vir- goulouse, French Autumn Bergamot, Beurre d'Amalis, Harvard, Dear- born's seedling, St. Ghislain, brown Beurre, Andrews, Seckel, Long Green. Apples : — Ribston pippin. Fall Harvey, Lyscom. Plums : — Italian prune, blue Imperatrice. Peaches: — Grosse Mignonne, yellow Rareripe, Mellish's Favorite, red and yellow Rareripe, Malta. Charles F. Putnam. Apples : — Baldwin, Golden Russet, Red Crab, two varieties unknown, Pearmain, Roxbury Russet. Melons: — Green citron and net- ted cantelope. John M. Ives. Pears : — Burgmansbirnc, Flemish Beauty, Cumberland, Essex Co. Natural History Society. 455 Buffum, Bleeker's Meadow, Beurie de Capiaumont, Easter Bergamot, Columbian Virgoulouse, Beurr6 Bosc, Seckel, Muscadine, Lewis, An- drews, Autumn Bergamot, Belle Lucrative, Doyenne Blanc, Bergamot Sylvange, Golden Beurr^ of Bilboa, Verte Longue Panachee, Washing- ton, Williams's Bon Chretien, long green of Coxe, Easter Beurre, Wil- kinson, Be.urr6 Romaine, [?] Jaminette, Hessel, Vicar of Winkfield , Ca- bot, Dearborn's seedling, Princess of Orange, Fulton, Passe Colmar, Winter Nelis, Napoleon, Beurre Diel, Rousselet de Rheims, Gilogil, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Heathcote, Dix, brown Beurre, Raymond, seven varieties unknown. Plums: — Violet Perdrigon, Cruger's Scarlet, blue Imperatrice, Goliath, Prince's Imperial, Green Gage, Damask, Roe's Au- tumn Gage, Coe's late red, Reine Claude Violet. Apples : — Cann, Box- ford, Lyscom, Gilpin, Swaar, Superb Sweet. Peaches : — Noblesse, Early York, red Rareripe, Royal George, (freestone.) Ephraim Wood. Pear : — Double Amandes. John Shed, of Danvers. Apple — very large, unknown. Pickering Dodge. Grapes : — Black Hamburg, white Chasselas, varie- gated Chasselas, Zinfindal. Pears: — Williams's Bon Chretien, Seckel, Washington, Wilkinson, brown Beurr6, Autumn Bergamot, Pope's Rus- set, Beurre Diel, Napoleon, five varieties unknown. Apple — dwarf. James Upton. Pears : — Doyenne Boussock Nouvelle, Doyenne Blanc, Rousselet de Rheims, Summer Franc Real, Williams's Bon Chretien, Passe Colmar, Seckel, Urbaniste, Messire Jean, Beurre Diel. Plums :— Green Gage, Blue Gage, Prince's Imperial, Wheat plum. Grapes: — Isabella, layered on the vine. Mrs. E. Phillips. Pear — Harvard. Ezra Cleaves, of Beverly. Pears : — Beurre Diel, Easter Beurre, Pound, Black Pear of Worcester, Winter Nelis, Lewis, Passe Colmar, Napoleon, King Ed- ward's, Julienne, Orange, Roi de Wurtemburg, Williams's Bon Chretien, one variety unknown. Apples : — R. Island Greening, and one unknown. Joseph S. Cabot. Pears : — Cumberland, Belle et Bonne, Autumn Ber- gamot, Wilbur, Winter Crassane, Louise Bonne de Jersey, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Vicar of Winkfield, Beurr6 d'Aremberg, Beurre Bronz6e, Bon Chretien d'Ete, Alpha, Hessel, Forme de Delices, Washington, Capsheaf, Dearborn's seedling. Muscadine, Wilkinson, Williams's Bon Chretien, Beurr6 Diel, Honey, Green Pear of Yair, Poire d'Amour, Sur- passe St. Germain, Summer Franc Real, Gendesheim, Reine d'hiver, Chaumontelle, Columbia, Maria Louise Nova, Flemish Beauty, Beurr6 de Capiaumont, Golden Beurre of Bilboa, Seedling, Belle Lucrative, Copsea, Easter Beurre, Winter Nelis, Henry IV., Muscat de Fleuri, Princess of Orange, Hericart, Urbaniste, Doyenne Blanc, Lewis, Pope's Quaker, Comte de Michaux, Andrews, Fulton, Roi de Wurtemburg, Napoleon, Hannas, St. Ghislain, Jalousie, Smith's Pennsylvania, Passe Colmar, Fig extra of Van Mons, Seckel, Doyenne d'hiver, Bon Chretien Fondante, Beurre Lutin, brown Beurre, Marie Louise, Cabot, Surpasse Virgoulouse. Daniel P. King, of Danvers. Pears: — Orange, Charlton. Apples: — Seedling, Early Sweet Pippin, Kilham Hill, Sopsavine, Ben apple, Si- berian, Job. N.B.Mansfield. Pears: — Pope's Quaker, Seckel, Glout Morceau, Johonnot, Beurr6 Diel, Chelmsford, Easter Beurre, Bleeker's Meadow, Gushing, Beurre de Capiaumont, Messire Jean, Sugar, Belle et Bonne, Wilkinson, Henry IV., St. Ghislain, Marie Louise, Roi de Wur- temburg, Williams's Bon Chretien, Heathcote, Jessup Beurre, Buffum, Washington, Urbaniste, Raymond, four varieties unknown. Apples: — 456 Exhibitions of Horticultural Societies. Full Basket, Danvcrs Sweet, Drap d'or, Tolman's Sweet, Imperial, Por- ter, R. I. Pippin, Menagerie, Marquis, four varieties unknown. Plums : — Prince's Imperial, Green Gage, Red Gage, Elfrey, A'iolet Perdrigon, Egg, Hulings, Black. William C. Barton. Peach : — Jacque's Rare- ripe. Plum : — Green Gage. Melons : — Green citron. Joseph Famum. Pear : — Doyenne Blanc. William P. Richardson. Apples: — Ribston pippin, N.York pippin, pearmain, five varieties unknown. Pears : — Washington, Seckel, Bon Chretien d"Ete, Williams's Bon Chretien, Rousselet de Rheims, Long Green of Autumn, Orange, brown Beurr6, Royal d"hiver. Passe Colmar, Broca's Bergamot, one unknown. Peaches : — Grosse Mignonne, Royal George, Coolidge's Favorite, two varieties unknown. Plums : — Violet Perdrigon, Wheat, one unknown. Benjamin Creamer. Apples: — Lys- com, one unknown. Pears : — Flemish Beauty, Bon Chretien Fondante, Doyenne Blanc, St. Ghislain, Seckel, Surpasse Virgoulouse, Williams's Bon Chretien, Washington, Wilkinson, brown Beurre, Urbaniste. Wil- liam Ives. Pears: — Harvard. Stephen C. Phillips. Pears: — Summer Franc Real, Belle et Bonne, St. Germain, BufTum, Williams's Bon Chre- tien, Yerte Longue, brown Beurre, St. Ghislain, Gansel's Bergamot, Ju- lienne, two varieties unknown. Peaches : — Two varieties unknown. Plums : — Green Gage, Damson, Prune, Horse, seedling from Green Gage, one unknown. Figs : — Figs. Henry Wheatland. Pears : — Williams's Bon Chretien. Apples : — Eppes Sweeting, Warner. Richard S. Rogers. Pears : — Williams's Bon Chretien, Doyenne Blanc. Apples: — Siberian Crab. Grapes: — Sweetwater, Tokay, black Hamburg. Maria Ropes. Peaches : — Seed- ling, twelve on one twig. Plum: — Egg. Charles Hoffman. Pears: — St.^Germain, St. Ghislain, Chaumontelle, Heathcote, Winter Nelis, Ray- mond, Bon Chretien d'Ete, Andrews, Johonnot, Seckel, Summer Franc R6al, Crassane, brown Beurre, Autumn Bergamot, Gansel's Bergamot, Knight's winter. Oranges : — Two varieties, growing on one plant. Grapes : — Black Hamburg. J. G. Treadwell. Pears : — Rousselet de Rheims. Apples : — Minister. James W. Chever. Pears: — Bleecker's Meadow, brown Beurre, Wil- liams's Bon Chretien, Seckel, two varieties unknown. Michael Whiting, of Beverly. Apple: — Unknown, from Holland. Pear: — Harvard. Jo- siah Lovitt, 2d, Beverly. Peach : — Royal Kensington. Plums : — Bing- ham, Goliath, Prince's Imperial, Duane's purple, Huling's superb, Long blue. Apples: — Porter, \Vine. Stephen Webb. Pears: — Chelmsford, Seckel, Williams's Bon Chretien, one variety unknown. Peach : — One unknown. John W. Rogers. Apple: — Alexander. Pears: — Long green. Harvard, Yallee Franche, St. Ghislain, Beurre Diel, one unknown. E. H. Payson. Nuts: — Filberts. George Brown, of Beverly. Apples: — Drap d'or. Pears : — Seckel, Cabot, Julienne, Prince's St. Germain, Ambrette d'hiver, Pound, Jalousie, Wilkinson, Gendesheim, Rousselet de Rheims, Martin Sec, brown Beurre, Passe Colmar, Petre, Easter Beurr6, Perfume Winter, one unknown. William D. Waters. Pears . — Charles of Austria, Williams's Bon Chretien, Harvard, Chaumontelle, Easter Beurre. Peaches: — Bourdine Rouge, red Rareripe, Coolidge's Favorite. James Devereux. Peach : — Unknown. Winthrop Sargeant. Pears: — Johonnot, Winter Nelis, Buf- fum, Gansel's Bergamot, Gushing, one unknown. Peach : — Seedling. Essex Co. Natural History Society. 457 Samuel Church. Apples: — Drap d'Or. Pears: — Webber's autumnal. Daniel Harris. Apples : — Delaware, Russet, Pearmain, Kilham Hill, Warner's Russet, Roxbury Russet, (1842,) Rhode Island Greening. William Stone. Peach : — Seedling. Pears : — Seedling. Oliver Thayer. Pears : — Belle et Bonne. Henry Ropes. Pears : — Bon Chretien d'Ete. Timothy Ropes. Pears: — Washington. William Dean. Pears: — Jo- honnot, Urbaniste, Washington, Seckel, Andrews, Cabot, Marie Louise, Dix, Napoleon, Dearborn's seedling, Williams's Bon Chretien. Grapes : — Black and white Hamburg. Wm. Fabens, Marblehead. Pears : — Louise bonne de Jersey, one unknown. William F. Gardner. Pears : — Bezi de Montigny, Johonnot, Seckel, Autumn Bergamot, Passe Colmar, A^icar of Winkfield. Melons : — Muskmelons, Common. William D. Pickman. Pears : — Beurre Dial, Seckel, Doyenne Blanc, Blocker's Meadow, Wilkinson, Gansel's Bergamot, Belle et Bonne, Crassane, St. Ghislain, Harvard, Heathcote, Williams's Bon Chretien, Andrews, brown Beuir^, two varieties unknown. James B. Carwen. Pears: — Doyenne Blanc. D. A. White. Pears: — Doyenn6 Blanc, Pound. Charles Roundy. Pears : — Epine d'Ete. Abel Nichols, of Danvers. Pears : — From the oldest pear tree in the county. Peach : — White. B. P. Chamberlain. Pears: — Gansel's Bergamot, Jalousie, St. Ghislain, Washington, Epine d'Ete, Roi de Wurtemburg, Williams's Bon Chretien. J. G. Sprague. Pear : — Lowrie's Bergamot. Benjamin Upton. Plums: — Unknown. Leverett S alto n stall. Pears: — September Beurr6, Chelmsford, Doyenne Blanc, Passe Colmar, Williams's Bon Chre- tien. Mrs. N. Saltonstall. Pears: — Doyenne Blanc. William Sutton. Apples : — Gardner, Roxbury Russet, Russet Pearmain, Light Pearmain, R. L Greening, Blue Pearmain, Cat's Head, Lyscom, Monstrous pippin, White, four varieties unknown. Pears . — Chelmsford, one unknown. William Stearns. Pears : — St. Germain, Bleeker's Meadow, Chelms- ford, Winter Nelis, Surpasse Virgoulouse, Seckel, Chaumontelle, brown Beurre, Easter Beurre, Vicar of Winkfield, Piatt's Bergamot, Rousselet de Rheims, Ronville, Bishop's Thumb, Williams's Bon Chretien, Epine d'Ete, Belle et Bonne, Orange, Endicott, Julienne, Verte Longue, Napo- leon, Doyenn6 Blanc, Hal•^'ard, Bon Chretien d'Ete, Washington, Sum- mer Franc Real. Apples : — Blue Pearmain, Fall Harvey, Jarvis, Baldwin, Crab, Autumn Rose, Drap d'Or, Monstrous pippin. Quince : — Orange. John B. Osgood. Pears : — Williams's Bon Chretien. Apples : — Lyscom. Aaron Osborn. Grapes: — Native. Hardy Phippen. Plums: — Seedling. Charles Lander. Pears : — Three varieties unknown. Apples : — Six var. unknown. Samuel Cook. Apples : — Lyscom. Albert Thorndike, of Beverly. Apples : — Hawthorndean. Pears : — Chelmsford, Doyenne Blanc, two varieties unknown. Peaches : — Royal George, red Rareripe. Augustus Torrey, Beverly. Apples: — Gravenstein. Edward Burley, Beverly. Pears : — Verte Longue, Marie Louise. Peaches : — Royal George, red Rareripe. Apples : — Drap d'Or. A. Glidden, of Beverly. Pears : — Chelmsford. Quince : — Unknown. John Lovitt, of Beverly. Pears : — Roi de Wurtemburg, Washington. R. Girdler, Marblehead. Pears : — Bon Chretien d'Ete, Pound, Golden Beurre. N. L. Rogers. Pears : — Gansel's Bergamot, Doyenn^ Blanc, one unknown. Grapes : — Sweetwater, out door culture. Samuel Webb. Melons : — Green citron. Joseph A. Goldthwaite. Melons : — Eight var., green citron, netted can- telope, &c. W. O. Andrews. Watermelons and muskmelons. VOL. IX. — NO. xir. 58 458 Exhibitio7is of Horticultural Societies. J. F. Allen. Pears : — Williams's Bon Chretien, Gansel's Bergamot, Dearborn's seedling, Long green of Autumn, (French pear,) Summer Franc Real, Doyenne Blanc, Seckel, Julienne, Louise bonne de Jersey, Cabot, Ronville. Quinces: — Orange. Peaches: — Jacques Rareripe. Grapes : — Black Hamburg, white Chasselas, Black Prince, Zinfindal. Figs : — Black fig from St. Michael. Melons : — Several varieties. Miss Rebecca S. Ives. A basket of fruit tastefully arranged, containing mel- ons, plums, pears, &c. Mrs. Thomas C. Whittridge. Pears: — Doyenn6 Blanc. J. C. Kimball. Apples: — Name unknown, very large. Mrs. W.Johnson. Peaches: — Seedling. S. Siraonds. Peaches: — Seedling. Jacob Winchester. Apples : — (Striped sweet,) name unknown. B. H. Silsbee. Pears: — Harvard, Bishop's Thumb, Louise bonne de Jersey, Seckel, Vicar of Winkfield, brown Beurre, Messirc Jean, Rous- selet de Rheims, Williams's Bon Chretien, Doyenne Blanc, and one un- known. J. H. Silsbee. Pears: — Bleeker's Meadow, Doyenne Blanc. Joel Bowker. Pears : — Chelmsford. Grapes : — Two varieties, out door culture. E. Felt. Apples: — Golden Russet. Mrs. J. H. Andrews. Apples : — Monstrous pippin. Ladies, and four varieties names unknown. Pears : — Rousselet de Rheims, Doyenne Blanc, Messire Jean, brown Beurre, Seckel, Williams's Bon Chretien, Bon Chretien d'Ete, Winter Nelis, &c. Plums : — Late seedling gage. Samuel Ferguson. Pears : — Catillac. Edward Putnam. Pears : — Williams's Bon Chretien, Yicar of Winkfield, Henry IV. Ephraim Emmerton. Pears : — Duchesse d'Angouleme, Roi de Wur- temburg, Williams's Bon Chretien, Louise bonne de Jersey, Beurr6 Diel, Urbaniste, Glout Morceau, Golden Beurr6 of Bilboa, Long Green, Colmar, Capsheaf, Surpasse A^irgoulouse, Gansel's Bergamot, Prince's St. Ger- main, Washington, Princess of Orange, Henry IV., Seckel, Julienne, Dearborn's seedling. John W. Treadwell. Pears : — Johonnot. W. Foster, of Beverly. Apples : — Red Rounding. A. A. Edgerton, of Dan- vers. Apples: — Cat's Head, and other varieties. Pears: — Pound, and two other varieties, names not known. Vegetables : — John C. Lee. Squashes : — Crookneck and other varieties. Beans : — Lima and Saba. Potatoes : — Jackson. Beets, Carrots, Toma- toes. W.F.Gardner. Squash: — Indiana, very large. Joseph A. Gold- thwaite. Squashes: — Canada crookneck, Acorn, Autumnal Marrow. Potatoes : — Seed from Leghorn. Carrots : — White field. Beets :• — Blood and White Sugar. Cauliflowers. C. F. Putnam. Squashes : — Crook- neck. Potatoes: — Jackson, Market, Peach blossom, Pink eyes, &c. Beets : — White Sugar. W. C. Barton. Squashes : — Canada and com- mon Crookneck ; also Acorn. Corn: — Saco. W.O.Andrews. Squashes: — Crookneck. Luther Goldthwaite. Corn : — Common eight-rowed and Sweet. Josiah Lovitt, 2d, of Beverly. Cauliflowers. John Chadwick. Beans, with long pods. Andrew Nichols, of Danvers. Corn. J. W. Chever. Tomatoes: — Several varieties. D. P. King, of Danvers. Tus- carora and other varieties of com. The exhibition of several species of the smaller quadrupeds, birds, rep- tiles, fishes, &c. added much to the interest of the occasion. From Gilbert Ncwhall and E. E. Chever, grey squirrels. George Chase, white mice from China. W. C. Barton, pigeons, several varie- ties, viz. : Mottled Ruffles, English Carriers, Almond Tumblers, Bald Head Tumblers. Miss R. S. Ives, pigeons. Ground Tumblers. J. C. Fair of the American Institute. 459 Rogers, Moncah birds from Calcutta. W. P. Richardson, Hylodes Pick- eringii ; Bufo tentiginotus, the land toad of the southern States, found in Danvers, rare ; Salamaiidra fasciata, or Banded Salamander, from Saugus. Wm. Archer, gold fish. E. E. Chever, bream, common perch and shiner. A hive, containing the bees engaged in their usual avocations, from the apiary of Henry K. Oliver, was placed at one of the southern windows of the hall, so that the bees had a free ingress and egress, and enabled the visiters to witness their industrious habits in the formation of the cells, &ic.— W., Salem, Nov. 1843. Sixteenth Annual Fair of the American Institute — Horticul- tural Exhibition. — We have not sufficient space to enumerate all the articles shown at this exhibition, and therefore present the reports of the committees awarding premiums. We were present at the show, and were gratified at the very perceptible improvement over the exhibition of the preceding year. The contributions were more numerous, and several of them were among the cultivators of fruits near Boston. The President of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Col. Perkins, J. F.Allen, S. Walker, Mr. Warren, and others, were among the number. The great number and superior specimens of Isabella grapes, pleased us much ; we could wish that more encouragement was given by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, to the growth and improvement of our native kinds. Flowers : — William Kent, Brooklyn, L. I., for superior dahlias, includ- ing some extra fine American seedlings, gold medal. George C. Thor- burn, 15 John street, N. Y., for a rich display of dahlias, gold medal. Daniel Boll, Bloomingdale, N. Y., for a fine assortment of dahlias, includ- ing some fine American seedlings, silver medal. Thomas Hogg & Sons, 79th street, N. Y., for a good assortment of dahlias, Mrs. Loudon's Flower Garden. William R. Prince, Flushing, L. I. for numerous varieties of dahlias, Downing's Rural Architecture. Thomas Addis Emmet, Mount Vernon, N. Y., — T. Cremmins, gardener, — for a superior display of dah- lias, Downing's Cottage Architecture. William Phelan & Sons, 5th street, N. Y., for a fine display of dahlias, Hovey's Magazine. William Reid, 34th street and 4th avenue, N. Y., for an excellent assortment of dahlias, Bridgeman's Gardener's Assistant. William Laird, 17th street, N. Y., for an ornamental frame, decorated with flowers, Hovey's Mag. James L. L. F. Warren, Brighton, Mass., for a beautiful bouquet of flow- ers, silver medal. Mrs. Jeremiah Brown, Brooklyn, L. I., for a beautiful vase of flowers, Mrs. Loudon's Flow. Gard. J. B. Mantel, 46th street, N. Y., for an or- namental frame, decorated with flowers, American Flower Garden Direc- tory. Daniel Boll, Bloomingdale, N. Y., for numerous varieties of the rose, and other rare flowers, Mrs. Loudon's Flow. Gard. Samuel M. Cox, Bloomingdale road, N. Y., for a beautiful stand of flowers, Amer. Flow. Gard. Direc. William Beekman, 110 Ninth street, N. Y., for a fine supply of dahlias, Hovey's Mag. Isaac Buchanan, 29th street, N. Y., for two vases of rare floweis, one vol. of American Agriculturist. To Alfred Bridgeman, J. Boyce, A. P. Cummings, William Davison, J. Et- tringham, William V. Leggett, Mrs. McFarlane, George Maine, William Ross, Samuel Ruth, Grant Thornburn, Jr., L. Van Wyck, Edward White, and John W. Wood, for supplies of flowers for ornamenting the horticul- tural room, to each a copy of the Report of the American Institute, on the subject of agriculture. 460 Exhib'ttions of Hort'icidtvral Societies. Frtn(s:—n. L. Pell, Pelham, Ulster Co., N. Y., for the best fruit farm, gold medal. R. T. Underhill, Croton Point, N. Y., for successful vineyard culture of the native grape, silver medal. J. L. L. F. Warren, Brighton, Mass., for twelve superior table apples, Bridgeman's Gard. Assist. R. L. Pell, Pelham, Ulster Co., N. Y., for twelve superior win- ter apples, Kenrick's American Orchardist. T. H. Perkins, Brookline, Mass., for twelve superior varieties of house grapes, gold medal. R. S. Field, Princeton, N. J., for three superior varieties of house-grapes, silver medal. J. F. Allen, Salem, Mass., for six varieties of superior house- grapes, Down. Cot. Archi. R. T. Underhill, Croton Point, N. Y., for superior specimens of Catawba grapes, Ken. Amer. Orch. J. L. L. F. AVarren, Brighton, Mass., for twelve superior peaches (freestone), Ken. Amer. Orch. John J. Van Wvck, 140 Twenty-first street, N. Y., for twelve superior peaches (clingstones), Bridge. Gard. Assist. Rev. Dr. AYm. Patton, 110 SulHvan street, N. Y., for fifty-two superior bunches of Isabella grapes, Down. Rural Architec. M. P. Wilder, Dorchester, Mass., for sixty-five choice varieties of pears, silver medal. George C. DeKay, 25th street, Seventh avenue, N. Y., for a superior lot of table pears. Ken. Amer. Orch. D. Henderson, Jer- sey city, N. J., for twelve fine magnum-bonum plums, Buel's Farmer's Companion. C. M. Graham, Jr., Content, Ilarlcm lane, N. Y., for fifty- five quinces gathered from one tree, Ken. Amer. Orch. Jacob Hendrer, Glenham, Dutchess Co., N. Y., for fine specimens of grapes. Bridge. Gard. Assist. J. W. Hayes, Newark, N. Y., for a lot of grapes and fine pears, Farmer's Companion. John Couzens, Dobb's Ferry, West- chester Co., N. Y., for superior specimens of grapes, U. S. Farmer. Wm. R. Prince, Flushing, L. I., for two bunches of native grapes, and fine specimens of apples, Hov. Mag. William Reid, 37th street, 4th av- enue, for a fine collection of pears and apples, American Agriculturist. Charles M. Graham, Jr., Content, Harlem lane, for a fine lot of Isabella grapes. Transactions of State Agricultural Society. J. J. Morris, Bata- via, N. Y., for fine specimen of pears. Farmer's Manual. Nicholas Wyckoff, Jr., Bushwich,for fine specimens Isabella grapes, The Planter's Guide. J. B. Mantel, 46th street, N. Y., for fifty-three varieties of pears and other fruit, two vols, of the Trans, of the State Agri. Soc. Joseph L. Franklin, Flushing, L. I., for twelve extra large apples, Dana's Muck Manual. H. & L. Hotchkiss, New Haven, Conn., for one pear weighing 33 oz., one vol. of the Cultivator. Samuel Walker, Roxbury, Mass., for superior varieties of pears, silver medal Henry Steel, Jersey City, N. J., for a lot of extra fine early grapes. Bridge. Gard. Assist. Miss Louisa Bennet, L. I., for a basket of native strawberries, Bridge. Florist's Guide. Vegetables : — Robert L. Pell, Pelham, Ulster Co., N. Y., for the choicest assortment of culinary vegetables, silver medal. John Beekman, 61st street, N. Y., for the best and greatest variety of vegetable roots for cat- tle, silver medal. Joseph Clowes, Harsimus, N. J., for twelve superior blood beets, U. S. Farmer. Robert L. Pell, Pelham, Ulster Co., N. Y., for twelve superior sugar beets, one vol. Amer. Agri. John Beekman, 61st street, N. Y., for twelve superior mangcl-wurtzel beets, one vol. of the Cultivator. Christopher Allen, Slaten Island, N. Y., for six fine heads of cauliflower, Buel's Farm. Com. Peter Hulst, gardener to Lambert Wyckoff, Bushwick, L. I., for the best field of cabbage, silver medal. L. Wyckoff, Bushwick, for twelve large heads of the drum-head cabbage. Cincinnati Horticultural Society. 461 Trans, of the State Agri. Soc. Thomas Bridgeman, Jr., Dutch Kills, L. I., for twelve fine heads of Savoy cabbage, Faulkner's Farmers' Man- ual. Thomas Prosser, Paterson, N. J., for twelve superior carrots for the table, U. S. Farmer. J. Clowes, Harsimus, N. J. for twelve fine roots of white celery, Trans, of State Agri. Soc. Frederick Bonnicamp, Harsimus, N. J., for twelve fine roots of red celery, Dana's Muck Manual. Robert L. Pell, Pelham, Ulster Co., N. Y., for six large egg plants, Bridge. Gard. Assist. John Brill, Jersey City, N. J., for a peck of superior yellow onions, Faulkner's Farm. Man. William Ro.ss, Ravenswood, Queen's Co., N. Y., for a peck of superior red onions, Smith's Productive Farming. Jos. Clowes, Harsimus, N. J., for twelve fine parsnips for the table, Amer. Agri. J. Beekman, 61st street, N. Y., for twelve large parsnips for cattle, U. S. Farmer. Alexander Walsh, Lansingburgh, for superior seedling potatoes. Bridge. Gard. Assist. T. B. Wakeman, Bergen, N. J., for superior Mercer potatoes, silver medal. William J. Townsend, Newtown, Queens Co., o/;/fli& vulgdris tricolor 277 var. albifldra 178 triphvlla 102 Lte'lia Barker/dna 75 Venus victrix 277 Lantdna cr6cea 309 INDEX OF PLANTS. 475 Lantana mixta SelI6\vu' Lechenaultia biloba forin6sa 67. Liatris scaridsa Z/ilium japonicum lancilblium album punctatum specidsurn sup^rbum testiceum "LmAitnia saxicolor Listera convallaroicles Liriodendron Tulipifera Loasa auraiitiaca volubilis liobilia cardin41is erinus var. grandifld- ra specidsa syphylltica Lophospii'mum atrosan- guineiim erubescens rhodochiton, a syn. ofRhodochitonat- rosauguineuin iuphius polyphyllus Z/ychnis viscdria Lygddium palrajktum MagndUa conspicua 45. corddta grandifl6ra macrophylla Soulaiigtawa tripetala Mahdiuo >4quif61iuin Malva Lecoutu" Manii6ttia cordifolia 307. bicolor Marc^tia excoriAta Mauraudya Barclaydno semperfldrens 176. Maxilliria picta Medinilla erythrophylla Melaleuca AypericifiJlia Jtfispilus japonlca Metrosidfiros ;)iniloIia M6xas multicaiilis Muhlenb^rgia fi'lipes MiJsa Cavendishu Nelumbium luteiim Nematinthus Guillemen- Neottia cirnua 454 iVdriuin spl6ndens 317 NephrdJium cristdtmn,a syn. of Aspidiura cris- tatum Olnotliera O'rchis rotundifdlia Omithogaluin cin^reum Orthotrichum ciispum O'xalis Bdwiei rubrocincta Oxylobium capit^tum cuneitum, a syn. of O. obov4tum 335 obovitum 335 Pteonia albifldra var. fi-igrans 277 Pxdnia albifldra var. Huiiiei Pottsii Reevesii WhittldiJ latifdlia Moutan papaverd- cea 237. var. Bknksice ofliciiidlis praeV'ox tenuil'dlia Passiflora Fi^ldu Lond(!)ii/( Pauldwiu'rt iinperidlis 18. 50. Pentst^mon g-enlionoi- des cocciueum 354 Pereskfo aculedta 65 Phacdlia 3 sp. 303 Phie'nix rfactylifera 385 Pharbitis Ldar«i 8 ostrina 59 Philadilphus 206 Plii!ib6rtjo grandifldra 212 Phlox carolinic.na 184 Br^ckjj 53. 383 decussAta 41ba 355. 387 Drummoudu 356 glutind.-ia 303 suaveolens Van Houttes Wlieelermjia seedlings Phytolacca dec4ndra 454 Plnus 349 Cedrus 349 IJeoddra, a syn. of Cedrus Dtoddra 19 Lamliert/d/ia 7 pinaster 349 Plumbdgo cap^nsis 463 Pda eragrostis 344 mod^sta 144 unifldra,asyn. of P. modista 184 54. 184 355 54. 354 Polytrlchuin Juniperlnum 144 Popnlus candicans PorciJlia trildba Portulaca grandifldra, ; syn. of P. spleudens spl^ndens 33( Thellusdnu 33( Patamogeton Claytdnjj fluitans heterophyllus liiceus nutans praelongus pulchra Robbins/t Primula cortusoldea dentieulAta Ptfiris alabam^nsis gracilis Pyrus japdnica Quercus niacrocirpa Rhexia virginica Rhododendron catawbi^nse fr^grans 336 344 /Jhodod^ndron m4ximum 349 pdnticum 337 Ribes albidum 304 sanguineum 44. 304 Robini'a pseudoacAcia 85 Rdchea falcdta 465 Rod4nthe Mangldsii 429 Rodochiton volubile, a syn. ofLophospermum Rodochiton 177 Rondelitia specidsa 75 Pdsa bcrberidifdlia 418 418 263. 465 345 UknMi RussiUaJuncea Riila. niuriria Salix Cutler j retiisa UVa U'rsi Silvia r6gla spleudens Schizdnthus cAndidus iixaXxkmii Hookdr/j pinnatus hiiinilis Pridstu' porrigens veniistus pinnatifidus retusus Scilla peruviana var. discolor Scutellaria argiita dlegans japdnica Schyphanthus elegans 6'edum Siebdldii Sempervivuni arachno ideum ticterum 5'ildne pennsylvAnica Sdrbus hybridus 6'milax grauditldra Spiree'a japdnica filip^ndula pldno Stapdli'a hirsui Stdtice monopdtala var. denudita 59 Stenomdsson vittelUnum 185 Strelitziajiincea reginaB Str^ptopus maculdtus Talinum teretifdlium Tamarix orientdlis T4xus canadensis TScoma j'asniinoides 421 421 421 421 421 421 421 421 421 421 421 421 303 809 309 304 45 350 344 13. 19 303 276 276 276 465. 467 386 pentaphylla Thalictrum debile Thea viridis Therniopsis canadensis /raxinifdlia Thuja occidentdlis Thunbdrgm aldta var. ilba aurantlaca Bavtdrii Fryeri IIawtayned?ia 467 .349 174 175 175. 276 |175 376 175 47G INDEX OF PLANtS. TiU.ndsia lielicdna 1S4 rubiUa 61 TipuUriu discolor £44 Tricliddium moutinum 143 Trillium c^rnuum 344 Triptilioa spin6suin 8 Tritduia longitlora 276 Trdl/ius acaiilis 334 Tropoe'cluni ludjus 179. 378 var. atrosangulueum 179 Tropa;'olum m. veuustuin 179 peregrinuin 178. 370 polypliyllum 378 {7liiius"raceiii(isa 343 Uvularia grandiJlora 345 Faccineuiii liirsiituiu 303 ursliiiiiii ,53 Ferbdiia Lacoii/'j 54 flola canadeusia 345 rostrita 345 V(ilkainir/«jap6iiica 463 Vri(;s/rt psitlacina 184 WistELria Conseqii&na, a syn. of W. siii6usis 45. 276 fruttsceus 45 sinensis 100,303 Witsiiu'a corvmbdsa 463 Zichya 104 villdsa 104 Zizia piaiiatifida 3U3 END OF VOL. IX. lit ; ,,|j|ll,l,U mm I 'I ill ill iiiiili i! Ii ill i Ijiii ill I iiii