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HANDBOOK

TO THE DETERMINATION

OP

THE FERN ALLIES

OF

HE M.lLAYAN islands

(INCL,

Tlirw O

F THE MALAY PENINSULA, THE PHILIPPINES
AND NEW GUINEA).

BY

-\ ALDERWERELT \a.n i.v;oENBURt ■ ! !

PtTBLiaHED BY

THE DEPARTMENT OF AaEICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE
NETHERLANDS INDIA.

BATAVIA

LANDSDRUKKERIJ
1910.

Verkrijgbaar bij
G. KOLFF & C-
Weltevreden.
Prijs / 3.—.

* ^

MALAYAN FERN ALLIES.

MALAYAN FERN ALLIES.

HANDBOOK

TO THE DETERMINATION

OF

THE FERN ALLIES

OF

THE MALAYAN ISLANDS

(INCL. THOSE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA, THE PHILIPPINES
AND NEW GUINEA).

BY

Capt. C. R. W. K. van ALDERWERELT van ROSENBURaH.

PUBLISHED BY

THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE
NETHERLANDS INDIA.

BATAVIA

LANDSDRUKKERIJ
1915.

\ '

a K

PREFACE.

When I set about compiling my haxidbook Malayan Ferns, it was
my intention to include some chapters on the Malayan fern allies.
Want of time, however, prevented me from carrying out my plan, so
that I had to defer the continuation of my work till after my return
from Japan, where the botanical literature to my disposal did not meet
my requirements.

As to the sources from which I have drawn, it is my pleasant duty
to mention here my indebtedness especially to Spring's Monographie de la
FamiUe des Lycopodiace'es, Baker's Fern AUies, Raoiboeski's Pteridophyten
der Flora von Buitenzorg, Warburg's Monsunia I, Englee & Peantl's
Naturliche Pflanzenfamilien I* and Hieronymus' descriptions of new Sela-
ginellae in Hedwigia, etc.

As regards the arrangement of families, genera and species, I have
selected — separately or combined, with or without alterations — those
which seemed to me to be most easy for determination, in doing which
I have had to avail myself of the experience of others, considering that
on several species I have never set eyes.

The present volume should be looked upon as a sequel to my '
Malayan Ferns, for which reason I have continued the numeration of the
families and genera in the earlier work.

The supplements which may eventually be published will serve as
such to both volumes.

The reasons why the diagnoses of some species are either incomplete
or wanting altogether, are the same as those stated in Malayan Ferns;
in good time I hope I shall be able to state them in a supplementary
volume.

For the habitats I beg to refer the reader to the Preface to Malayan
Ferns, and for the determination of the plants to my observation in the
2nd paragraph on page XL of the same work. The dimensions given in
the keys and diagnoses are generally approximative only.

VI PEEFACE.

Like Malayan Ferns, the present volume makes no pretence of being
either an exhaustive or a flawless work, and I shall feel greatly obhged
for any communications tending to point out errors or wrong views not
resulting from a difference of conception.

Finally I wish to express in this place my sincere thanks to Prof.
Dr. G. HiEEONYMUS, of Steglitz, for the kindness with which he assisted
me in my Selaginella study.

BuiTENZOEG, July 1914. V. A. V. R.

ABBREVIATIONS.

A. Br.

A. Braun.

Bau. & Hk.

=

F. Bauer & W. J. Hooker.

Becc.

=

0. Beccari.

Berah.

=

J. J. Bernhardi.

Bk.

=

J. G. Baker.

Bl.

=

C. L. Blume.

Bory

=

J. B. M. Bory de Saint Vincent.

Bot. Jahrb. + Beibl.

Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik,
Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeogra-
phie + Beiblatt. — (Engl.).

Br. Ferns

=

The British Ferns, or coloured figures
and descriptions, etc. — (Hk., 1861).

Bull. Btz.

=

Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buiten-
zorg.

Burm.

==

N. L. Burmann.

Ces.

=

V. Cesati.

Christ

=

H. Christ.

Copel.

=

E. B. Copeland.

Corda

=

A. J. Corda.

Desf.

=

R. Desfbntaines.

Desv.

=

A. N. Desvaux.

de Vr.

=

W. H. de Vriese.

Engl.

=

A. Engler.

Engl. & Prantl

=

A. Engler & E. Prantl.

En. Jap.

=

Enumeratio plantarum in Japonia sponte
crescentium. — (Fr. & Sav., 1876—1879).

Enum.

Enumeratio plantarum Javae et insula-
rum adjacentium, II, Filices. — (BL,
1828).

Enum. Fil.

=

Enumeratio Filicum. — (Klf., 1824).

Fed,-

==

F, Fedde.

VIII

ABBREVIATIONS.

Fel. Becc. Polin.

Fel. di Bor.

Fern All.
Fil. Exot.

Fil. Saras.

Flind.

Flor. Btz., I.

Flor. deut. Sch.geb. + Suppl. =

Flor. Ind.

Forschr. Gaz., IV, Fame.

Forst.
Freyc.
Fr. & Sav.
Gen. Fil.
Griff.
Hedwi.

Herb. Berol.

Hert.

Hier. (Hieron.)

Hk.

Hk. & Am.

Hk. & Grev.

= Prospetto delle Felci raccolte dal Signer

0. Beccari nella Polinesia, etc. — Rend.

Acad. Napoli, XVI.' — (Ces., 1877).
= Felci e specie nei gruppi affini raccolte

a Borneo dal Signor 0. Beccari. — Atti

Acad. Sci. fis. e mat. Napoli. — (Ces.,

1876).
= Handbook of the Fern Allies. — (Bk.,

1887).
= Filices Exoticae or Figures and Des-
criptions of Exotic Ferns, etc. — (Hk.,

1857—1859).
= Filices Sarasinianae, in Verhandlungen

der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in

Basel, XI. — (Christ).
= M. Flinders.
= Die Pteridophyten der Flora von Buiten-

zorg. — (Rac, 1898).

Die Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete

in der Sudsee. ' — (Schum. & Laut.,

1901). — Supplement (1905).
= Flora Indica. — (Burm., 1768).
= Farne und Barlappige Gewachse, in

„Die Forschungsreise S.M.S. Gazelle". —

(1874—1876).
= G. Forster.

= L. C. de Saulces de Freycinet.
= A. Franchet & L. Savatier.
= Genera Filicum. — (Ban. & Hk., 1842).
= W. Griffith.
= Hedwigia. Organ filr Kryptogamenkunde,

etc.
= Herbarium Beroliense.
= W. Herter.
= G. Hieronymus.
= W. J. Hooker.

= W. J. Hooker & G. A.' Walker— Araott.
= W. J. Hooker & R. K. Greville.

ABBREVIATIONS.

IX

H.M.P.
Hoffm.
Ic. Fil.

Icon.

Icon. PI.
Journ. of Bot.
Krypt. Gew.

Kuhn

Kze

L. (Linne)

Lam.

Mai.

Milde

Mon.

Mon. Eq.

Mon. Pr61.

Mons.

Nat. Pfl.Fam., I*.

Notizbl. Bot. Grart. Berlin

Philipp. Journ.

PI. Jungh.
Poton.
Pr.
Pritz.

= Herbarium Musei Parisiensis.

= G. F. Hoffmann.

= Icones Filicum, etc. — (Hk. & Grev.,
1827—1831).

= Icones Plantarum Asiaticarum. — (Griff.,
1849).

= Icones Plantarum. — (Hk.).

= Journal of Botany.

= Vier und zwanzigste Klasse des Lin-
neischen Pflanzensystems oder Krypto-
gamische Gewachse. — (Schk., 1804 —
1809).

= M. Kuhn.

= G. Kunze.

= Linnaeus (C. von Linne).

= de Lamarck.

= Malesia. — (Becc, 1886).

= J. Milde.

= Monographie de la famille des Lycopodia-
cees. — (Spring; I, 1842; II, 1849).

= Monographia Equisetorum. — (Milde,
1865).

== Monographie des Preles, in Memoires
de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire
Naturelle de Geneve, I, 2e Partie. —
(Vauch.).

= Monsunia. — (Warb., 1901).

= Die natiirUchen Pflanzenfamilien, etc.,
Teil I, Abteilung 4, Pteridophyten. —
(Engl. & Prantl, 1902).

= Notizblatt des KOnigl. Botanischen Gar-
tens und Museums zu Berlin.

= The Philippine Journal of Science; Sec-
tion G, Botany.

= Plantae Junghuhnianae. — (ca 1850).

= H. Potonie.

= C. B. Presl.

= E. Pritzel.

ABBREVIATIONS.

Rac.

Rb. (Roxb.)
R. Br.
Rel. Haenk.

Rep.

Rhizos.

Rst. (Ros.)
Schk.
Schleich.
Schum. & Laut.
Spec.

Spring
Sw.
Syn.
Syst. Verz.

Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch.

Vauch.

Vent.

Voy.

Voy. Ur. Phys. Bot.

Wall.
Warb.
Willd.
Zoll.

= M. Raciborski.

= W. Roxburgh.

= R. Brown.

= Pteridophyta, in Reliquiae Haenkeanae,

etc. — (Pr., 1825).
= Repertorium novarum speciorum regni

vegetabilis. — (Fed.).
= Monographia Rhizospermarum et Hepa-

ticarum. — (Corda, 1829).
= E. Rosenstock.
= C. Schkuhr.
= J. C. Schleicher.
= K. Schumann & K. Lauterbach.
= Caroli a Linne Species Plantarum. —

(Willd., 1810).
= A. Spring.
= 0. Swartz.

= Synopsis Filicum. — (Sw., 1806).
= Systematisches Verzeichniss, etc. —

(Zoll., 1854). ■
= Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis

en Physiologie.
= J. P. E. Vaucher.
= E. P. Ventenat.
= A Voyage to Terra australis, etc. —

(Flind., 1814).
= Voyage autour du Monde, etc., sur

rUranie et la Physicienne ; Botanique. —

(Freyc, 1826—1829).
= N. Wallich.
= 0. Warburg.
= K. L. Willdenow,
= H. Zollinger.

COMPENDIUM

OF THE ORDERS, SUBORDERS, FAMILIES
AND GENERA.

ORDER FILICALES.

Mostly green plants with 2 distinct generations, a pro-embryonal and
an embryonal one, the pro-embryonal generation consisting of a minute,
tuberous or more commonly flat or filiform, white or green, simple, entire,
incised or branched, not rarely rudimentary thalloid plant (prothallium)
with hair-hke roots and bearing 1 or more cf and (or) 9 prominent,
tuberculiform or immersed organs (antheridia, archegonia). The embryonal
generation, i. e. the normal, cormophytical plant with a stem (rhizome,
caudex) and true roots, stalks (stipes) and leaves (fronds) traversed by
1 or more fibro-vascular bundles (steles) and producing capsules (sporangia)
vdth spores, develops when a ripe archegonium (9) is fecundated by the
spiral-shaped spermatozoids of a ripe antheridium (cf ).

Stems short or elongate, solid, rarely tuberous or cavernous, not
articulate, smooth or scaly, sometimes prickly, mostly less strongly
developed than the fronds, simple or branched, if branched, the
branches not placed in whorls, with the fronds circinate or folded in
the bud.

Fronds seriate, aggregate or placed in spirals or whorls, not laterally
connected, the fertile ones (sporophylla) neither gathered in terminal or
lateral spikes, nor bearing solitary sporangia on the upper (inner) side at
the base (in the axil).

SUBORDGll I. FIlilCES (Isospore Filicales, True Ferns).
Fronds simple or variously divided, circinate in the bud; sporo-
phylla normal-shaped, not rarely more or less contracted, not
metamorphosed, bearing many to numerous sporangia on the

XII COMPENDroM.

under side, the maxgin or the apex, rarely on both sides or on
the upper side. Spores isomorphous, producing independent
prothallia on which are developed both antheridia and archegonia.
Terrestrial or epiphytic, rarely aquatic.

FAMILIES I — X. (See my handbook on Malayan Ferns).

GENERA 1—95. (Not treated with in this work).

SUBORDER II. HYDROPTGRIDES (Heterospore Fi-

licales, "Water ferns). Leaves simple or 2-lobed to 4-foliolate,
circinate or folded in the bud; sporophylla or their segments
metamorphosed into sessile or stalked, globose, ellipsoidal, pyriform
or bean-shaped sporocarps enclosing several to numerous sporangia
and placed on, or at the base of, the stipes of the barren leaves.
Spores heteromorphous, producing more or less rudimentary
prothallia, those of the macrospores bearing archegonia, those of
the microspores antheridia. Auquatic or subaquatic.

FAMILY XI. MARSILEACEAE. Stems creeping in the mud. Leaves
without blade or with blades floating on the surface of the
water or rising above it, circinate in the bud. Sporocarps
bi- or plurilocular, each loculus containing both macrospores
and microspores.

GENUS 96. MARSILEA. Normal leaves long-stalked,
4-foliolate; leaflets cruciate.

FAMILY XII. SALVINIACEAE. Small plants floating on the water.
Leaves with a simple or deeply 2-lobed blade, folded in the
bud. Sporocarps unilocular, containing either macrospores
or microspores.

GENUS 97. SALVINIA. Leaves simple, borne in
whorls of 3 of which 2 are floating, normal,
and the 3rd submerged, dissected into many
filiform segments, bearing the sporocarps on
the basal segment.

COMPENDIUM. XIII

GENUS 98. AZOLLA. Leaves in 2 opposite rows,
deeply 2-lobed, -the fertile ones bearing the
sporocarps on the lowest lobe.

ORDER SPHENOPHYLLALES.

Contains a single extinct family only. (')

ORDER EQUISETALES.

Differs from the Filicales in having the stems always elongate, more
strongly developed than the leaves, articulate, mostly hollow, longitudinally
ribbed or striated at least when barren, simple or branched, if branched,
the branches often in whorls, originating from the bases of the intemo-
dations of the stem, with the leaves erected in the bud.

Leaves placed in whorls, the fertile ones (sporophylla) forming rather
compact terminal spikes and bearing several to many sporangia round
the under side of the margin.

SUBORDER I. EQUISETIME.tE (Isospore Equisetales,

Horse tails). Barren leaves connected so as to form distinctly
toothed, tubular or funnel-shaped sheaths enclosing the bases
of the internodations of the stem and branches. Sporophylla
not connected, scale-like, peltate, stalked. Spores isomorphous,
producing prothallia on which mostly are developed either
antheridia or archegonia.

FAMILY XIII. EQUISETACEAE. Characters those of the suborder.

GENUS 99. EQUISETUM. Characters those of the
family.

(') Sphenophyllaceae. — Poton., in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., I*, 515.

XIV COMPENDIUM.

IHUBORUER II. CAliAMARIIMEAE: (Heterospore Equi-

setales). Contains extinct genera only. (')

ORDER LYCOPODIALES.

Differs from the Filicales in having the stems always solid, sometimes
articulated, generally more strongly developed than the leaves, with the
leaves erected in the bud.

Leaves seriate, aggregate, or placed in spirals or whorls, the fertile
ones (sporophylla) forming close or lax terminal or lateral spikes, or
placed in alternate cycles with the barren ones so as to form a dense
rosette, with the sporangia placed singly in the axils.

SlJnORDER I. L.YCOPODIl]lEjtE (Isospore Lycopo-

diales. Club mosses). Leaves without a ligula at the base.
Sporophylla forming spikes or arranged all down the stem.
Sporangia and spores isomorphous; spores producing independent
prothallia on which are developed antheridia and archegonia.

FAMILY XIV. PSILOTACEAE. Leaves simple, either well-developed
and crowded along a subcylindrical stem, or rudimentary
and laxly 2 — 3-seriate along a flattened or angular, mostly
branched stem. Sporangia 2 — 3-locular, on 2-foliolate or
2-dentate sporophylla.

GENUS 100. TMESIPTERIS. Stems rather cylin-
drical. Sporophylla stalked, 2-foliolate. Sporangia
2-locular, smaller than the sporophylla.

GENUS 101. PSILOTUM. Stems flattened or an-
gular. Sporophylla sessile, deeply 2-dentate.
Sporangia 3-locular, larger than the sporophylla.

(') With 2 families; the C'alamarlaceae and the Protocalamarlaceac,
the fonner the ancestral family of the Eqnlselaceae. — Poton., in Engl. & Prantl,
Nat. Pfl.Pam., I«, 551 & 558.

COMPENDIUM. XV

FAMILY XV. LYCOPODIACEAE. Leaves simple, crowded around
the base of a short, naked stem or arranged along a much
elongated and mostly branched stem. Sporangia 1-locular,
on simple sporophylla.

GENUS 102. LYCOPODIUM. Stems elongated,
copiously foliaceous everywhere or on the
branches only.

SlJBOKDElt II. IIEL.ACiIi«EL.L.IMEAE (Heterospore

Lycopodiales). At least the younger leaves provided with a minute,
decoloured tongue-shaped organ (ligula) on the upper side, at the
base. Sporophylla forming lateral or (more generally) terminal
spikes or placed with the barren leaves in a dense rosette
forming alternate barren and fertile cycles. Sporangia hetero-
morphous, containing either macrospores or microspores; spores
producing more or less rudimentary prothallia, those of the
macrospores bearing archegonia, of the microspores antheridia.

FAMILY XVI. SELAGINELLACEAE. Leaves small, flat, without
air-channels, arranged along a slender, elongated stem. Sporo-
phylla aggregated in spikes; sporangia superficial, 1-locular.

GENUS 103. SELAGINELLA. Characters those of
the family.

FAMILY XVIa. LEPIDOPHYTACEAE. Contains extinct genera only. C)

FAMILY XVII. ISOETACEAE. Leaves elongated, terete or semi-
terete, with air-channels, crowded around a short, tuberous
stem. Sporophylla occupying the outer leaf-cycles; sporangia
imbedded, incompletely plurilocular. (Not in Malaya).

FAMILY XVIIa. PLEUROMOIACEAE. Contains extinct genera only. (')

(>) With 3 subfamilies; the Lepldodcndraceae, the Bothrodcndraceae

and the Slglllarlaceac. — Poton., in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., I^ 717, 739, 740.
(') The ancestral family of the IsoSiaceac. — Poton., in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pfl-Fam., I*, 754.

XVI COMPENDIUM.

Key to the families and genera.

a. Floating aquatics. (XH. SALVINIACEAE).

• Leaves very minute, crowded, with simple venation.

No. 98. Azolla.
•• Leaves small, though well-developed, in opposite rows, with
anastomosing venation. No. 97. Salviula.

a.a. Epiphytics or terrestrials, or no floating aquatics.

b. Rhizome or main stem creeping in the mud ; leaves long-stalked,

remote or in distant groups, with the fruit borne on, or at the base

of, the petiole. (XL MARSILEACEAE). No. 96. Marsilea.

b.b. Rhizome or main stem not creeping in the mud, or, if so, the

leaves not long-stalked.

c. Barren leaves laterally connected so as to form remote,
tubular or funnel-shaped sheaths encircling the stem; fertile
leaves (sporophylla) free, peltate, forming terminal spikes
and bearing the sporangia on the under side, along the
margin. (XIII. EQUISETACEAE). No. 99. Equisetum.
C.C. Barren leaves not laterally connected; fertile leaves (sporo-
phylla) whether or not spicate, bearing the sporangia on the
upper side, at the base.

d. Both barren leaves and sporophylla placed in alternate
cycles borne on a tuberous stem; sporangia imbedded.
(XVII. ISOETACEAE; not in Malaya).
d.d. Sporophylla spicate, if alternate with the barren leaves,
then not borne on a tuberous stem; sporangia superficial.
e. Sporangia 1-locular.

f At least the younger leaves provided with a
very minute decoloured ligula on the upper
side, at the base. (XVI. SELAGINELLACEAE).
No. 103. !ielaginella.
+f Leaves without a ligula at the base. (XV. LY-
COPODIACEAE). No. 102. L<ycopodiuin.
e.e. Sporangia 2— 3-locular. (XIV. PSILOTACEAE).
f. Leaves small, though well-developed; sporo-
phylla 2-foliolate, petiolate; sporangia 2-locular.
No. 100. Tanesipteris.
f.f. Leaves rudimentary, tooth-like; sporophylla
2-dentate, sessile; sporangia 3-locular.

No. 101. Psilotuni.

HYDROPTERIDES.

Fern Allies.

FAMILY XL MARSILEACEAE.

XI. M A.RSTT i F) A-OE AE.

Aquatic or subaquatic. Rhizome slender, creeping in the mud, pro-
vided with a single, central, tubular stele. Leaves without blade, or with
blades floating on the surface of the water or rising above it, circinate
in vernation. Fertile leaves or segments metamorphosed into bi- or
plurilocular, globose, ellipsoidal, pyriform or bean-shaped, sessile or stalked
sporocarps placed at the base of the petioles of the normal (barren) leaves,
often close to the rhizome, containing spores of 2 kinds, both macrospores
and microspores borne in the same sporocarp.

Oe. AXAXS.SIL.EA., Idnni.

Sporocarps bilateral, round, oblong, quadrate or bean-shaped, 2-valved,
plurilocular, horizontally veined, the locules (sori) oblong-cylindrical, hori-
zontally arranged in 2 close vertical rows on a mucilaginous placental
cord, the veins forked, with the fork-branches whether or not anastomosing,
the base provided with 0 — 2 teeth.

Rhizome wide-creeping, the leaves produced singly or in tufts from
its nodes. Barren leaves long-stalked, 4-foliate ; leaflets cruciate, cuneate,
with the outer edge truncate "or rounded, whether or not provided with
translucent or yellow-brown, longitudinal spurious veinlets (streaks) between
the true ones. — Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., P, fig. 225 A. (Marsilia).

Tropical, subtropical, and in temperate countries.

Arrangement of the sections.

§ 1. EUMARSILEA. Fork branches of the veins of the sporocarps not

anastomosing, or anastomosing near the apex only. — Engl. &

Prantl, 1. c, flg. 225 B.
% 2. ZALUSIANSKAYA. Fork branches of the veins of the sporocarps

anastomosing from the base. — Engl. & Prantl, 1. c, flg. 225 D.

(Not in Malaya).

6 96. MARSILEA.

§ 1. EUMARSILEA.

£. Leaflets with spurious veinleis between the real veins.

(1) M. coromandelica.
l.f. Leaflets with&ui spurious veinlets.

9. Petioles densely tufted. (2) M. quadrata.

. 9.9. Petioles not densely tufted, often remote.

3. Sporocarps ribbed and bordered. (3) M. minuta.

3.8. Sporocarps neither ribbed nor bordered. (4) M. crenata.

(1) M. coromandelica, JBufm., Bk., Fern AIL, 147; Burm.,
Flor. Ind., tab. LXII, fig. 3; Copel., Phlipp. Journ., IV^, 13; M. coroman-
deli(a)na, Willd., Spec, V, 539.

Small, aquatic or subterrestrial, glabrous in all its paits. Petioles
erect, VU — 7 'A cm. long. Leaflets cuneate^ 2 — 8 mm; long, rounded and
entire on the outer edge, with spurious veinlets of sclerenchyma showing
as pellucid streaks between the real veins, t'edicels erect, free, hnbranched,
filiform, not more than 1 to a leaf, 1—2 cm. long, inserted at the
middle of the base of the sporocarp. Sporocarps oblong, erect, 4 mm.
long, distinctly bordered and ribbed. With distinct basal teeth; sori 8 — 12
in a sporocarp.

Celebes (t. Christ); Brit. India, Socotra.

(2) M. quadrala, A. B*-., Bk., Fern AIL, 146; Copel., Philipp.
Journ., lyc, 13.

Subterrestrial, densely tufted. Petioles 2 'A — 7 'A cm. long. Leaflets
cuneate, 4 — 10 mm. long, rather silky, crenated on the slightly rounded
outer edge. Pedicels in a tuft with the petioles, at best 1 to a leaf, free
to the base, adnate to the whole base of the sporocarp, unbranched,
erect, 6 — 8 mm. long. Sporocarps nearly squarej 2 mm. long, glabrescent,
unbordered, with 2 basal teeth, the upper one prominent, often long-
conical; sori 5 — 6 in a sporocar|).

Borneo.

(3) M. inlnuta, A., Bk., Fern AIL, 140, p. p.; CopoL, Philipp.
Journ,, JVC, 12; Rac, Flor. Btz., I^ 234, p. p.; M. erosa^ Willd., Spec, V,
540; — var. ZoUingeri, A. Br., Bk., 1. c; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Ffl.Fam.,
I*, 418.

96. MARSILEA. § 1. EUMARSILEA. 7

Subterrestrial or aquatic, both with a wide-creeping rhizome. Petioles
2Vj — 15 cm. long. Leaflets cuneate, 2V2 — I7V2 mm. long, nearly or quite
glabrous, the outer edge rounded, deeply and mostly irregularly toothed.
Pedicels clustered, or connate at the base, often close to the base of the
petiole but not adnate to it, erect or divaricating, somewhat (IV2 X)
longer than the sporocarp, the apex adnate to the whole base of it.
Sporocarps 3 — 4 (rarely more) to a leaf, horizontal with regard to the
pedicels, a little longer than broad, 3 — 4 mm. long, truncate at the
base, rounded at the apex, with distinct border and ribs, when young
tomentose with yellowish or brownish, smooth, silky hairs, at length
glabrescent, with 2 basal teeth of which the upper is the longest and
often sharp, the lower the smallest, often obscure; sori 10 — 12 in a
sporocarp.

Forma typica. — Br. India.

War. Zollinger i : Like the type but the leaflets entire, crenulate
or crenate on the outer edge, and the basal teeth often nearly as
long. — Java?

(4) M. crenala. JPr., Copel., Phihpp. Joum., IV^, 12; Pr., Rel.
Haenk., I, tab. XII, fig. 13; M. crenulata, Desv.., Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pfl.Fam., r, 418; M. minuta, i., Bk., Fern All., 140, p. p.; M. Mearnsii,
Christ, Philipp. Joum., IIF, 276; — var. timorensis, v. A. v. R., Bull.
Btz., 1911, I, 14.

Leaflets entire or more or less crenate on the outer edge. Sporocarps
2 to a leaf but 1 of these sometimes abortive, neither bordered nor ribbed,
smooth but with the side walls sometimes more or less bulged out at
the centre. Otherwise like M. minuta L.

Forma typica. — Philippines, Neto Guinea.

War. tiinorenisis : Sporocarps 3 — 4 or more (rarely 2) to a leaf. —
Timor, Java.

FAMILY XII. SALVINIACEAE.

Small plants floating on the water. Rhizome elongate, provided with
a single central stele. Leaves folded in the bud, simple or deeply 2-lobed.
Fertile leaves or segments metamorphosed into globose or ellipsoidal,
unilocular sporocarps; spores of 2 kinds, macrospores and microspores
borne in separate sporocarps.

or. SA-LVIINIA^, AdaMon.

Sporocarps borne on the basal segment of the water-leaves, provided
with a central, columnar placenta bearing the sporangia; microsporangia
long-stalked, the stalk consisting of 1 row of cells; macrospores provided
at the apex with 3 free lobes ; microspores ga,thered together in a single mass.

Leaves borne in whorls of 3, of which 2 are normal, simple, floating
leaves, and the 3rd, lower one (water-leaf), is metamorphosed into many
long, root-like segments to replace the roots, which are wanting. — Engl.
& Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., P, fig. 210 A—B.

Chiefly tropical.

(1) S. natans, Hoffnt., Bk., Fern AIL, 135; Copel., Philipp. Journ.,
IV^, 14; Corda, Rhizos., tab. II, fig. 1 — 11; S. vertidllata, Rb., Calc. Journ.,
1845, tab. XVin— XX; Griff., Icon., II, tab. CXXIII— CXXVIII ; S. Spren-
gelii, Corda, 1. c, tab. II, fig. 12 — 23.

Rhizome brownish-pubescent. Leaves horizontal or neg^ly so, oblong,
9 — 12Vs mm. long, about '2 as broad, rounded at both ends or cordate at
the base; upper surface bright-green; veins oblique, 15 — 20 on each side
of the costa, each with 6 — 8 tufts of minute bristles on the upper side;
under surface brownish-pubescent. Sporocarps 4^8 in a cluster.

Java (abundant); Br. India, China, Japan, North Asia, Europe.

11

08. ^ZOI-iU^9 Mjatntwch.

Sporacarps in groups of 2 — 4, placed at the base of a rhizome branch,
provided with a central, columnar placenta bearing the sporangia ; microspo-
rangia long-stalked, the stalk consisting of 2 rows of cells; macrospores
provided at the apex with 3 or 9 air-filled floats; microspores united in
several separate, roundish or ovate masses (massulae) each of which con-
taining 4 — 8 spores.

Leaves very small, borne in 2 opposite rows, alternate, deeply 2-fld,
nearly 2-fohate; lobes heteromorphous, the lower one submerged, the
upper floating, having at the inner side a cavity which is provided with
fine moniliform flies. Fine roots borne on the under side of the rhizome.
— Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., T, fig. 208, 212 A.

Tropical, subtropical and in temperate regions.

Arrangement of the sections.

§ 1 . RHIZOSPERMA. Macrospores with 9 floats ; massulae not glochidiate.
§ 2. EU-AZOLLA. Macrospores with 3 floats; massulae glochidiate. —
Engl. & Prantl, 1. c, fig. 215 B. (Not in Malaya).

§ 1. RHIZOSPERMA.

(1) A. pinnata, K. Br., Bk., Fern AIL, 138; Flind., Voy., tab. X;
— var. africana, Bk., 1. c. ; A. africana, Desv., Copel., Philipp. Journ., IV*^,
14; ^. japonica, Fr. & Sav., En. Jap., II, 195.

The whole plant oblong or deltoid in outline, Vh — 2 'A cm. long and
broad, with regular, crowded branches; branches simple, or branched
towards the tip; root-fibres fascicled and very feathery. Leaves red or
green, with the lobes broadly ovate, at best a few mm. long.

Forma typica. — Australia.

Var. africana: Plants smaller, 1 cm. long and broad, with
rather irregular branches; root-fibres, at least usually, not feathery, not
fascicled, — Tropical Africa and Asia, Japan.

EQUISETINEAE.

FAMILY XIII. EQUISETACEAE.

XIII. EQXJISETACELA.E.

Terrestrial, rarely subaquatical. Stems originating from a true, sub
terraneous rhizome, elongate, articulate, mostly hollow, simple or branched,
if branched, the branches usually placed in regular whorls at the bases
of the internodations, longitudinally ribbed or striated at least when
barren, the hollows closed over at the nodes; vascular bundles consisting
of several free groups of tracheide bundles placed in a circle surrounding
the central hollow, enclosed by a single or a double row, or an own row,
of endodermal cells (which are recognizable in having the connecting walls
provided with solitary, thickened points) ('), surrounded by a circle of
alternate, hollow tubes (valecular canals). Leaves very small, whorled,
laterally connected so as to form distinct, toothed, tubular or funnel-shaped
sheaths enclosing the bases of the internodations of the stems and branches ;
sporophylla peltate, scal.e-like, forming terminal spikes, bearing 6 — 9
sporangia in a single row round the under side of the margin. Stomata
on the leaves, and generally also on the stems and branches, arranged
in 1 or more close lines forming 8 — 60 distant, longitudinal series. Spores
of 1 kind, globose, provided with 4 relatively very long, filiform, cruciate,
hygroscopic appendages (elaters) (■) which are clavate at the apex. —
Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., 1\ fig. 321, 333, 343.

Cosmopolitan.

OO. EQXJISETUM, Linni.

Characters those of the family.

Arrangement of the sections.

§ 1. HIPPOCHAETE. Stomata with their aperture immersed beneath the
epidermis, connected with an epidermal cavity recognizable by a

(>) Visible by ca 200 times magnifying power. — Engl. & Prantl, 1. c, flg. 327 A
(«' & e») and B (c).

(») Stretched when dry, spirally involute when moist. — Engl. & Prantl, 1. c,
fig. 336 A.

99. EQUISETUM. 17

roundish or suboblong, transversal, superficial pore. TracheWe bundles
enclosed by a common outer and a common inner endodermis (the
inner endodermis sometimes wanting, but not in Malayan material)..
— ■ Engl. & Prantl, 1. c, fig. 329.
§ 2. EU-EQUiSETUM. Stomata with their aperture on the level of the
epidermis, recognizable by a linear, longitudinal, superficial pore.
Tracheide bundles enclosed by a common outer endodermis, or rarely
by an own endodermis. (Not in Malaya).

§ 1. HIPPOCHAETE.

*

Ribs of the sheaths rounded. (1) E. ramosissimum.

Ribs of the sheaths flattened, angular at the sides. (2) E. debile.

(1) E. rainoiiissiinuni. J>e#f., Milde, Mon. Eq., 428, tab. XXIV;
Bk., Fern AIL, 4; E. ramosum, Schleich., Schk., Krypt. Gew., I, tab. 172 b.

Barren and fertile stems alike, solitary to caespitose, vaiying from
short to 3 m. or more long, 1 — 10 mm. - diam., with a large central
hollow (Vs — ^3 diam.), grooved, simple or irregularly branched; branches
very different in length, few to numerous, simple or branched again;
ribs 4 — 26, convex, narrower than the grooves, rough (transversely rugose
or verrucose); grooves provided with 2 separate or contiguous series of
stomata (each series consisting of 1 — 4 lines of pores). Sheaths loose,
distinctly funnel-shaped, relatively long, the teeth deciduous, with a per-
sistent, generally triangular-oblong base, the mouth of the sheaths there-
fore finally commonly toothed; ribs convex at least in the upper part,
often striated with 1 or more fine and shallow furrows, the base passing
gradually into a rib of the stem. Spikes to 2V2 cm. long, acute or api-
culate.

Nearly cosmopolitan.

(2) E. debile, lift., Milde, Mon. Eq., 476, tab. XXVI; Bk., Fern
AIL, 5; E. Timorianum, Vaucli., Mon. Prel., 376, tab. X.

Barren and fertile stems alike, solitary to caespitose, varying from
short to long, usually under IV2 m., rarely to 9 m. long, 2 — 15 mm.
or niore diam., with a large central hollow (Vs or more diam.), grooved,
Fern Allies. 2

18 99. EQUISETXIM. § 1. HIPPOCHAETE.

simple or irregularly branched ; branches solitary or in groups of 2 — 3,
rarely i — 5, simple or slightly branched again; ribs 6 — 30 or more, con-
vex, not rarely much narrower than the grooves, smooth or roughish
(transversely and finely rugulose or furnished v^ith a row of very minute
pustules); grooves provided with 2 separate series of stomata (each series
consisting of 1 line of pores). Sheaths often tight and tubular, or some-
what funnel-shaped, short or more or less elongated, the teeth persistent,
or deciduous with a persistent, truncate, rounded or triangular base* and
then the mouth of the sheaths finally subentire, repand or serrate ; ribs
rather flattened at least towards the apex, angular and often acutely
margined on each side, provided with a vaulted, prominent central ridge
passing gradually into a rib of the stem in the lower part and disappearing
towards the apex. Spikes to 2V2 cm. long, acute or apiculate.
Br. India and Ceylon eastwards to Fiji.

LYCOPODIINEAE.

FAMILY XIV. PSILOTACEAE.

XIV. PSIL.OTA.CE1A.E.

Terrestrial or epiphytical. Rhizome creeping, branched, the branches
upcurved, sometimes terminating into foliate shoots. Shoots elongate, erect
or pendulous, foliate, simple or more or less dichotomously branched, the
stem traversed by free or united trachelde bundles. Leaves small, approxi-
mate or distant, heteromorphous, the barren ones simple; sporophylla
2-foliate or deeply 2-dentate. Sporangia placed singly in the axils of the
sporophylla, 2 — 3-locular; spores of 1 kind, bilateral, i. e. bean-shaped or
reniform.

lOO. TIMLESIPTERIS, Bemhufd.

Sporangia longitudinally oblong, 2-locular, 2-lobate, with the septum
across the slightly contracted narrow diameter.

Stems usually simple, terete or subterete, somewhat angled ; tracheide
bundles 3 — 5 or more, isolated or united in groups, the groups free, often
circularly or radially arranged, enclosed in a tube consisting of 1 or more
layers of red-brown cells. Leaves small, moderately loose, entire, sessile;
sporophylla smaller, stalked, 2-foliate, forming terminal spikes or arranged
down the stem or branches. — Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., T, fig. 381,
883 B.

Chiefly Australian.

(1) Tim. laiineiisis, Jlemii., Bk., Fern All., 30; Bau. & Hk.,
Gen. Fil., tab. LXXXVL

Shoots 772—60 cm. long, the stem slender, nudate towards the base.
Leaves lanceolate-oblong, IV4 — 3 cm. long, to 1 cm. broad, obtuse or api-
culate, with a distinct midrib and decurrent base. Sporophylla 2-fbliate,
the leaflets similar to the barren leaves but smaller.

Philippines, New Guinea to Polynesia, New Zealand, Australia.

24

lOl. PSIL.OTXJJM, Swartn.

Sporangia globoso-triangular, 3-locular, 3-lobed, much larger than the
sporophylla.

Stems flattened or angular, mostly copiously dichotomous in the
upper half; trachei'de bundles united in a single, irregularly stellate,
3 — 10-radiate group. Leaves minute, rather rudimentary, sessile, remote,
triangular, arranged in 2 — 3 rows; sporophylla as large as the barren
leaves, sessile, adnate, deeply and acutely 2-lobate-dentate, arranged all
dovim the branches. — Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Ffl.Fam., l\ fig. 382, 383 A.

Chiefly tropical and subtropical.

• Stem and branches flattened; leaves in 2 rows. (1) Ps. complanatum.
•• Stem and branches triquetrous; leaves in 3 rows. (2) Ps. triquetrum.

(1) Ps. complaiiatum, Sw., Syn., 188, 414, tab. lY, fig. 5;
Bk., Fern All., 30; Schk., Krypt. Gew., I, tab. 165 b; Ps. Zollingeri, Ces.,
Fel. di Bor., 36; — var. flaccidum; Ps. flaccidum, Wall.

"Whole plant about 15—60 cm. long, pendulous, laxly branched, the
ultimate branchlets flat, 2 — 4 mm. broad, and the leaves and sporangia
arranged distichously.

'Var. flaccidum: Branchlets broader.

Tropical and subtropical.

(2) Ps. triquetriiin, »«., Syn., 117; Bk., Fern AIL, 30; Schk.,
Krypt. Gew., I, tab. 165 b; Bau. & Hk., Gen. FiL, tab. LXXXVII; Hk.,
Fil. Exot., tab. LXIII; — var. capillare; Ps. capillare, Bl.

Whole plant about 15 — 60 cm. long, erect or nutant, many times di-
chotomously forked; branches triquetrous, the ultimate branchlets Vz — I'A
mm. thick, and the leaves and sporangia placed on the angles of the
branches.

Var. capillare: Branchlets fine, indistinctly triquetrous.

Tropical and extra-tropical.

FAMILY XV. LYCOPODIACEAE.

XV. LYCOrOOIACEAE.

Terrestrial or epiphytical, rarely subaquatical. Primary axis (main
stem, rhizome) short or elongate, rarely tuberous. Leaves simple, mostly
small, rarely long-subulate, approximate or remote, not laterally connected,
rarely tufted at the base of a short, unbranched, naked stem. Sporophylla
consisting of unaltered leaves all down the stem and branches or more
or less modified and aggregated in dense, terminal or rarely lateral spikes ;
sporangia 1-locular, 2-valved, placed singly in the axils of the sporophylla ;
spores of 1 kind, rarely 2-lateral, mostly globoso-tetrahedral, with the
upper part broadly trigono-pyramidal with 3 ribs radiating from the apex
and the lower part rounded and punctulate, foveolate, aculeate or reticulate.

lOS. LYCOPODIUJM, lAnni.

Main stem not tuberous; secondary axes (stems, shoots) elongate,
erect, ascending, scandent or pendulous, mostly branched; steles solitary,
central, composed of few to many regularly or irregularly arranged, free
or connected groups of tracheide bundles. Leaves not placed in a basal
tuft, mostly occupying both stem and branches, sometimes more or less
wanting in the older portions of the shoots, mostly multifarious (i. e.
isomorphous and placed in more or less dense whorls or spirals), sometimes
quadrifarious (i. e. isomorphous and arranged in 4 rectangularly decussate
rows), rarely platystichous (i. e. heteromorphous and placed in 4 — 6 rows
with those of the lateral rows more or less broadly spreading or erecto-
patent and those of the dorsal and [or] ventral rows smaller, linear, more
or less adpressed, so as to form rather flattened or bilateral stems and
branches). — Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., I^ fig. 365, 368, 37L

Cosmopolitan, except in large, dry, sandy or rocky regions.

Arrangement of the sections and groups.

§ 1. UROSTACHYS. Monopodially branched main stem wanting, the shoots
solitary or fascicled, dichotomous (i. e. 2-furcate, with the branches

28 102, LYCOPODIUM.

simple or one or more times similarly forked again), rarely simple;
sporophylla forming terminal spikes or the sporangia placed in the
axils of unaltered leaves all down the stem or branches; spores
foveolate or punctulate. — Engl. & Prantl, 1. c, fig. 371 C—D.

a. Selago. Both barren leaves and sporophylla isomorphous or
nearly so, if heteromorphous, then the latter forming terminal
spikes and the barren region passing very gradually into the
fertile spikes, with the intermedial zone much more than 2 cm.
long.

1. Euselago. Sporangia placed in the axils of unaltered leaves
all down the stem or branches, if aggregated in terminal
spikes, then the sporophylla not or hardly different in shape
from the barren leaves, though sometimes smaller. — Engl.
& Prantl, 1. c, fig. 372—374.

2. Subsetago. Sporangia aggregated in terminal spikes, the
higher sporophylla different from, and commonly much smaller
than, the barren leaves, or distinctly ventricose and dilated
at the base ; lower sporophylla similar to the barren leaves.
— Engl. & Prantl, 1. c, fig. 375.

b. Phlejgiuaria. Both barren leaves and sporophylla conspi-
cuously heteromorphous, the latter forming terminal spikes and
the barren region narrowed more or less abruptly into the
fertile spikes, with the intermedial zone very rarely more than
2 cm. long. — Engl. & Prantl, 1. c, fig. 377.

1. PhlegmariopHs. Barren region not abruptly narrowed into
the fertile spikes.

2. JEupMegmafia. Barren region rather abruptly narrowed
into the fertile spikes.

§ 2. RHOPALOSTACHYS. Monopodially branched main stem present, the
branches remote, alternate, rarely simple, often compound, with
the spikes terminal or lateral, or the main stem simple, with the
spikes lateral ; spores reticulate or aculeate. — Engl. & Prantl, 1. c-,
fig. 371 A—B & E—H.

a. L<epldoti8. At least the branchlets radially organized, with
the barren leaves isomorphous, regularly polystichous.
1. tiatefalia. Caudex (main stem) erect, at best creeping at
the base, simple or branched ; spikes lateral on the stem or
branches. (Not in Malaya).

102. LYCOPODIUM. 29

2. Ittunduta. Rhizome (main stem) short-trailing, branched;
branches few, trailing, rooting; spikes lateral on the stem
or branches. (Not in Malaya).

3. Ctavata. Rhizome (main stem) wide-trailing, branched;
branches several, ascending, not tree-like, nor scandent;
spikes terminal on the branchlets.

4. Cemwa. Rhizome (main stem) wide-trailing (') ; shoots se-
veral, erect with tree-like habit or scandent ; spikes terminal
on the branchlets, or forming compound panicles separate
from the barren branches.

Diphasiuin. At least the branchlets dorsiventral or com-
planato-bilateral, with the barren leaves heteromorphous, secund
or platystichous.

§ 1. UROSTACHYS.

a. SelagO. 1. Euselago.

1. Leaves serrulate or denticulate, at least toivards the apex.
a. Leaves narroiced towards the base.

b. Texture not rigid. (1) L. serratum.

h.h. Texture rigid.

c. Leaves deflexed, to VU mm. broad. (2) L. goliathense.
c.c. Leaves not deflexed, or more than Vli mm. broad.

(3) L. Beccarii.
a.a. Leaves not or hardly narrowed towards the base. (4) L. miniatum.
±.±. Leaves quite entire, at best obsoletely serrulate.

». Leaves obtuse. ' (5) L. Hamiltonii.

*.#. Leaves not obtuse.

3. Leaves under 10 mm. long.
S. Leaves ascending.

f. Leaves lax. (6) L. Macgregorii.

$.f . Leaves dense.

(') Generally wanting in the herbaria.

90 102. LTCOPODIUM. § 1. UEOSTACHYS. ai. EUSELAGO.

f. Leaves rather capillary, to Ht mm. broad.

(7) L. verticillatum.
f.-j-. Leaves not capillary, Va mm. or more broad.
O. Leaves 3 — 4-farious, coriaceous.

(8) L. bolanicum.
O.O. Leaves 6 — 10-farious, m- not coriaceous.

(9) L. setaceum.
S.M. Leaves spreading or deflexed, the higher not rarely
ascending.

S. Plants to 15 cm. long, the leaves to 'A mm. broad,

(10) L. Zollingeri.
(11) L. Everettii.
S.S. Plants more than 15 cm. long, or the leaves more
than Vj mm. broad.
e. Leaves entire, V2 — 1 mm. broad at the base.

(12) L. australianum.
e.e. Leaves often obsoletely serrulate towards the
apex, or more than 1 mm. broad.

(4) L. miniatum.
3.3. Leaves 10 — 20 mm. long. (13) L. hippuris.

3.3.3. Leaves 20 — 50 mm. long. (14) L. caudifolium.

(1) li. serratum, Thb., Spring, Mon., I, 39; Rac, Flor. Btz., I,
238 ; Hk. & Grev., Ic. Fil., tab. XXXVII ; L. javanicum, Sw., Spring, 1. c,
40; L. reflexum, Schk., Krypt. Gew., I, tab. 159.

Shoots erect, or ascending from a decumbent base, varying from
simple to copiously dichotomous, 15—40 cm. long, IV4 — 6 cm. diam.
including the leaves, often bearing prolific buds near the apex. Leaves
laxly disposed, spreading or deflexed, moderately thin, sessile or sub-
petiolate, often very irregular in size but not in shape, lanceolate, to 3
cm. long and 4 mm. broad, acute or minutely apiculate, narrowed gradu-
ally to the base, the edge eroso-denticulate at least towards the apex,
the midrib distinct, prominent. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves
all down the stem or branches. — Two distinct forms united by inter-
mediates.

Forma typica: Leaves serrated throughout or nearly so.

102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UROSTAOHYS. a'. EUSELAGO. 31

Forma subintegerrima : Leaves serrated at the apex only, for the
rest entire or obsoletely repand.

Japan, China, North India, Trop. Asia, Polynesia, Sandwich Islands,
Trop. America.

(2) Mj. goliathense, r. a. ». r., Bull. Btz., 1912, YII, 29.
Shoots erect, usually 2 — 3 times forked, 20 cm. long, 5 — 10 mm.

diam. including the leaves, the stem opaque, wiry, the branches not
rarely provided with prolific buds near the apex. Leaves crowded,
6 — 8-farious, reflexed, decurrent upon the stem, rigidly aceroso-coriaceous,
fragile when dry, glossy, oblanceolate-ligulate, 4 — 7 mm. long and
1 — IV4 mm. broad, acute or very minutely apiculate, very minutely
serrulate, entire and somewhat narrowed towards the base, the midrib
hidden. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves all down the
branches.

New Guinea.

(3) Ij. Beecarii, r. a. «. K., Bull. Btz., 1912, VII, 29; L. minia-
tum, Bk. (not Spring), Journ. of Bot., XVIII, 217.

Shoots erect, forked, to 30 cm. or more long, I'A— PA cm. diam.
including the leaves, provided with prolific buds near the apex. Leaves
moderately dense, 6 — 8-farious, decurrent, horizontal, at best the lower
reflexed, the higher more ascending, rigidly coriaceous, oblanceolate-ligulate,
about 5 — 8 mm. long and IV2 — 2 mm. broad, acute or minutely apiculate,
suberoso-denticulate, entire and narrowed towards the base, the midrib
rather hidden. Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves all down the
stem or branches.

Sumatra.

(4) El. mintatum, Spring, Mon., I, 28; Rac, Flor. Btz., I, 237;
L. rigidum, Bl., Enum., 271.

Shoots erect, simple or dichotomous, 20—50 cm. long, I'A cm.
diam. including the leaves, often bearing prolific buds, the stem varying
from green to bright-red. Leaves moderately dense but less so in the
lower part, 6— 8-farious, green or red, cartilagineous, reflexed or the
higher more spreading, hnear-lanceolate, about 6—9 mm. long, IV2 mm.
broad and decurrent at the base, narrowed gradually to the acute or
minutely mucronate apex, the edge entire, or obsoletely to very minutely

32 102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UBOSTACHTS. a'. EUSELAGO.

serrulate towards the apex, the midrib rather hidden. Sporangia in the
axils of unaltered leaves all down the stem or branches.
Java.

(5) Vt. HamlUonIi, Spring, Mon., I, 35; Bk., Fern AIL, 10; L.
aloifoUum, Wall., Spring, 1. c, 36; Hk. & Grev., Ic. Fil., tab. CCXXXIII.'

Shoots densely tufted, suberect, 2—4 times dichotomous, about 1 0 — 30
cm. long, I'A — 2V2 cm. diam. including the leaves, the stem stout,
woody. Leaves irregularly spreading, 5-farious, subcoriaceous, linear,
oblong or Unear-oblong, 6 — 12 mm. long, 2 — 4 mm. broad, obtuse,
narrowed towards both ends, with a distinct midrib. Sporangia in the
axils of unaltered leaves in the upper part of the stem. — L. aloifoUum
Wall, is a form with moderately thin leaves and a rather indistinct midrib.

Java (t. Warb.); Ceylon, Br. India, Western China.

(6) li. Macgresorii, Jfie., Journ. of Bot., XXVIII, 109.
Shoots pendulous, slender, copiously dichotomously branched, 30

cm. or more long. Leaves lax, ascending, lanceolate, 4 mm. long,
acute, moderately firm, bright-green. Sporangia placed in the axils of
the unaltered upper leaves.
New Guinea.

(7) Ei. verticillatuiu, Xr.f., Spring, Mon., I, 46; Engl. & Prantl,
Nat. Pfl.Fam., V, fig. 373 A — C; L. setaceum. Lam. (not Hamilt), Rac,
Flor. Btz., I, 239.

Shoots pendulous, several times dichotomously branched, about 15 — 60
cm. long, 4—10 mm. diam. including the leaves, the stem slender. Leaves
ascending, dense, 4— 8-farious, linear, subcapillary, 4 — 9 mm. long, at
best Va mm. broad, decurrent at the base, entire, no distinct midrib.
Sporangia in the axils of unaltered leaves of the branches and branchlets.
— Variable, with forms approaching L. hippuris Desv.

Java and Borneo to Polynesia, Trop. Ame7ica, South and East Africa,
Mascarenes.

(8) li. bolanlcum, Rst., in Fed., Rep., XII, 181.

Shoots pendulous, 2—3 times dichotomous, the branches 5—20 cm.
long, 1 cm. diam. Leaves moderately crowded, 3— 4-farious, ascendmg,
linear-lanceolate, 6 mm. long by 'A mm. broad, coriaceous, shortly

102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UEOSTACHYS. ai. EUSELAOO. 33

acuminate, entire, not keeled. Sporophylla similar, but a little dilated
at the base.

Neic Guinea.

(9) li. setaeeum, HamUt., Spring, Mon., I, 42; L. mbulifolium,
Wall, Hk. & Grev., Ic. Fil., tab. IL.

Shoots pendulous, several times dichotomously branched, 10 — 50
cm. long, 5 — 10 mm. diam. including the leaves. Leaves ascending,
crov?ded, 8 — 10-farious, linear-subulate, 5 — 10 mm. long, V* — I'A mm. broad
at the base, fine at the point, entire, subrevolute at the margin, decurrent
upon the stem, with a decurrent midrib. Sporangia in the axils of
unaltered leaves of the branches and branchlets.

Borneo, Java; Ceylon, Br. India.

(10) Ij. Zollinger!, Her*., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XLIII, Beibl. »»,
48; L. reflexem, Lam., Rac, Flor. Btz., I, 238, p. p.

Shoots partly erect, partly (to 8 cm.) pendulous, to 12 cm. long,
simple or once forked, ca 10 mm. diam. including the leaves. Leaves
filiform, up to 6 mm. long, to 'A mm. broad, thin, horizontally spreading
or incurved, deflexed at the base.

Java.

(11) Ij. Everettil, JIer#., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XLIII, Beibl. 9S,
48; L. reflexum. Lam., Rac, Flor. Btz., I, 288, p. p.

Near L. ZoUingeri Heri. — Shoots erect, repeatedly dichtomous.
Leaves ascending, spreading or decurved, not incurved, up to 8 mm. long,
about V2 mm. broad. — I cannot distinguish this and the preceding from
the younger forms of the follovsring, and plants gathered in Java (Burck)
and Sumatra (Beccari No. 413) agree with this except that the leaves
are to Vs mm. broad.

Celebes, Java (?), Sumatra (?J.

(12) tj. anstralianuiti, Hert., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XLIII,
Beibl. 98, 42; L. reflexum, La7n., Rac, Flor. Btz., I, 238, p. p.

Shoots erect or ascending (always?), ca 15 — 60 cm. long, 2 — 4 times

forked, the lower part 10 — 20 mm. diam. including the leaves, the

ultimate, fertile branches elongated, nutant or jacent, 4 — 9 mm. diam. ;

prolific buds present. Leaves crowded, 8-farious, coriaceous, the higher

Fern Allies. 3

34 102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UROSTACHYS. a'. EUSELAGO.

gradually ascending, the central spreading, linear-subulate, to 9 mm.
long, 1 mm. broad at the base, shortly acuminated, entire, involute,
the point often red, the lower larger, spreading or decurved, elliptical,
not acuminate.

Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes; Australia, Neic Zealand.

(13) Li. hippuris, J»e*r., Spring, Mon., I, 44; L. dichotomum, BL,
Enum., 71; L. Blumeanum, d. Vr., in Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch., 1844, 338;
L. squarrosum, Forst, Rac, Flor. Btz., I, 240, p. p.

Shoots pendulous, or erect with nutant branches, simple or repeatedly
dichotomous, 30 — 60 cm. long, I'A — 3 cm. diam. including the leaves.
Leaves 8-farious (arranged in alternate spurious whorls of 4), spreading,
often thin, the lower often deflexed, the higher gradually ascending,
subulate-lanceolate, straight or subfalcate, about 10 — 20 mm. long, TA mm.
broad above the base, acute, entire, the edge often subrevolute towards
the apex when dry, the costa hidden or obscurely prominent beneath and
sulculate above, the base decurrent, the decurrent portion flat or provided
with a few slightly prominent crest-like longitudinal rumples. Sporophylla
similar in shape to the barren leaves, as long as these or the higher
growing gradually smaller.

Java and tJie Philippines to Samoa.

(14) li. caudirolium, v. a. «. JC., Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 14.
Shoots pendulous, to 60 cm. or more long, simple or once forked,

the lower part 2Vj— 5 cm. diam. including the leaves, the upper part
passing very gradually into the fertile spikes. Leaves erecto-patent,
moderately close, 4 — 6-farious, firm but not rigid, about 2'/s — 5 cm. long,
with a distinct midrib, the lower part lanceolate-ovate, narrowed very
gradually into the caudate-acuminate, filiform-subulate upper part, the
base rounded, 4 — 6 mm. broad, the margin entire, involute but more
conspicuously in the upper part. Spikes Vii — 3 cm. diam. including
the sporophylla; sporophylla similar to the barren leaves but smaller,
IVs — 3 cm. long, 3 — 5 mm. broad at the base.
Borneo^

a. iielag;o. 2. Subtelago.

f. Leaves to 15 mm. long; spikes to 5 mm. diam.

». Leaves 4-farious. (15) L. tetrastichum.

102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UROSTACHYS. a'. SUBSELAGO. 35

a.*. Leaves 6 — co-farious (').

3. Leaves 6 — 8 mm. long, mostly rigid.

•. Leaves canaliculate (involuto-conduplicate). (16) L. laxum.
•■•• Leaves flattened. (17) L. gunturense.

3.3. Leaves 10 — 15 mm. long, thin to moderately firm,
s. Leaves ascending.

S. Leaves about 1 — VU mm. broad. (18) L. carinatum.
S.S. Leaves about Vk—2 mm. broad. (19) L. proliferum.
4.*. Leaves horizontal or spreading. (20) L. ulicifolium.

1.1. Leaves 15 — 25 mm. or more long; spikes 7^k — 15 mm. diam.

(21) L. Dalhousianum.

(15) li. tetrastichum, Jir*e,« ? L. carinatum, Desv., var. laxum,
Christ, Fil. Saras., IV, 447; L. Sarasinorum, Christ, 1. c, I, 34; II, 217,
tab. II, fig. 11—12.

Shoots pendulous, 40 — 60 long, mostly once or twice forked, the stem
and branches square, 4 — 6 mm. diam. including the leaves. Leaves
4-farious, ascending, close, 5 — 8 mm. long, conduplicate, 3 — 4 mm.
broad when flattened, acute, entire, firm but not rigid, broadly decurrent,
with a decurrent keel. Spikes double, square, 5 — 20 mm. long, 2 — 3 mm.
diam. ; sporophylla triangular-ovate, acuminate, keeled, about Vj as long as,
and relatively broader than, the barren leaves. — The description is taken
from specimens occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium, the original
diagnosis being unavailable to me.

British India to Polynesia.

(16) li. laxum. Spring, Mon., I, 60; L. carinatum, Desv., Rac,
Flor. Btz., I, 239, p. p.

Shoots pendulous, 35 — 100 cm. long, often 2 — 3 times dichotomously
branched, the stem and branches 4 — 6 mm. diam. including the leaves.
Leaves much ascending, 6 — 9-farious (arranged in spurious whorls of 3),
imbricate, rigid, acerose, subulate, 6 — 8 mm. long, IV4 — 2 mm. broad
at the base, acute, entire, canaliculate-conduplicate above, distinctly keeled
or costate beneath, the very base slightly narrowed, decurrent. Spikes

(') See also (24) L. squarrosum Forat. and (29) I,, plnlfollum

Bl.

86 102. LYCOPODroM. § 1. urostachys, a''', subselago.

long, cylindrical or 4 — 8-angular, 2V2— 3 mm. diam. ; sporophylla ovate,
about Vj as long as the leaves, relatively broad, subacuminate or apiculate,
rigid, keeled. — Related to L. tetrastichum Kze and L. carinatum Besv.
but positively distinct.

Br. India to Polynesia and Queensland. .

(17) lj. g;unturenfiie, r. a. «. n., Bull. Btz., 19J1, I, 14.

Like L. laxum Spring, but the shoots 10 mm. diam. near the
base, the branchlets 5 mm. diam. including the leaves, the leaves not
canaliculate, flattened, the largest 1 mm. broad, keeled near the base
only, the lov?er spreading, the higher ascending.

Java.

(18) Wj. carinatum, nes«.. Spring, Mon., I, 59; Rac, Flor. Btz.,
I, 239, p. p.; L. flagellaria, Bory, in Freyc, Voy. Ur. Phys., Bot., I, tab.
XXVi; L. acrostachyum, Wall, Hk. & Grev., Ic. Fil., tab. CLXXXI.

Shoots pendulous, 20 — 80 cm. long, 2 — 3 times dichotomous, the
branches 7 — 15 mm. diam. including the leaves. Leaves 6 — 8-farious,
ascending, moderately close, lanceolate-subulate, 10 — 15 mm. long, 1 — VU
mm. broad, acute, firm, not rigid, entire, decurrent, distinctly costate
or keeled, flat to conduplicate. Spikes long, 2 'A mm. or more diam.;
sporophylla ovate, acuminate, rigid, rather adpressed, about 'A as long
as, and broader than, the barren leaves, sharply keeled. — Variable.

Trap. Asia to Polynesia.

(19) Ir. prolifernm, JM., Spring, Mon., I, 34; L. squarrosum,
Forst., Rac., Flor. Btz., I, 240, p. p.

Shoots pendulous, once or twice dichotomously branched, 15 — 45 cm.
long, 2V2 cm. diam. including the leaves. Leaves ascending, crowded,
6-farious (arranged in alternate spurious whorls of 3), thin or weak,
linear-lanceolate, 10 — 15 mm. long, acute, entire, subrevolute at the
edge, the costa obscurely prominent above or beneath, grooved on the
other side, the base decurrent, the decurrent portion provided with a
slender keel-like crest, the higher leaves growing gradually shorter; sporo-
phylla about '/2 as long as the barren leaves, similar to the barren leaves
(conf. Spring), or ovate-lanceolate (conf. Blume). — Specimens received on
loan from the Leiden Herbarium, gathered in Java (by Blume), have the
shoots to 80 cm. long, the leaves V/i — 2 mm. broad at the base, the

102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UROSTACHYS. a^ SUBSELAGO. 37

fertile spikes to 40 cm. long, simple or dichotomous, tlie lower sporophylla
similar to the higher barren leaves, the following sporophylla passing
gradually into the higher which are suberect, triangular-ovate, acuminate,
hardly keeled, varying from Vs — 'A as long as the barren leaves. — The
specimen occurring in the Paris Herbarium, on which Spring based his
diagnosis, may probably be an undeveloped plant, and a plant gathered
in Java (by Backer) has the shoots repeatedly dichotomous with numerous
(about 40 — 60) ultimate fertile branchlets.
Java; Ceylon.

(20) E<. nltelfolium, Vent., Spring, Mon., I, 50; Hk., Fil. Exot.,
tab. XXIII; L. Hookeri, Wall., Hk. & Grev., Ic. Fil., tab. CLXXXV; L.
squarrosum, Forst, Bk., Fern All., 18, p. p.

Shoots 1 — 3 times dichotomously branched, about 2Vs — 3 cm. diam.
including the leaves. Leaves crowded, spreading, the lower 8-farious,
the higher gradually ascending and growing shorter, 4-farious, firm in
texture, subulate-lanceolate, straight or falcate, I2V2 — 15 mm. long, I'A
mm. broad above the base, entire, acute, the base narrowed, decurrent,
the decurrent portion strongly and sharply keeled in dried material.
Spikes 5 mm. diam. ; sporophylla suberect, subulate, dilated at the
base, the lower passing gradually into the higher barren leaves. — L.
epicifolium Desv., from Madagascar, which is probably identical with this,
is said to have the keel deeply grooved. — Differs from the intermedial
forms between L. hippuris Des-v. and L. squarrosum Forst. by the conspi-
cuously prominent decurrent keel.

Malayan; Br. Indian and East African.

(21) It. Dalhouslanuni, Spring, Mon., II, 25; Bk., Fern All.,
18; L. glaucum, Ces., Fel. di Bor., 35 (t. Bk.).

Shoots robust, pendulous, about 45 — 100 cm. long, the stem 2yj cm.
diam. including the leaves, the branches more slender. Leaves crowded,
6-farious (arranged in alternate spurious whorls of 3), ascending, glaucous-
green, very rigidly coriaceous, acerose, more or less incurved, lanceolate-
subulate, 15 — 25 mm. long, 3 — 4 mm. broad near the base, canali-
culate above, the edges conspicuously involute (in dried material), the
midrib prominent above, grooved beneath, the base rather rounded. Spikes
simple or forked, to 60 cm. long, 7V2— I2V2 mm. or more diam. including
the sporophylla; sporophylla crowded, ascending, more or less incurved,

88 102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UEOSTACHYS. a'. SUBSELAGO.

ovate or ovate-lanceolate, about ' \ as long as the barren leaves or shorter,
relatively broad, acuminate.

Malacca, Lingga Islands, Borneo, New Guinea.

b. Phle^marla. 1. Phlegmar-iopaU.

1. Leaves under 4Vi mm. long. (22) L. flagellaceum.

I.*. Leaves more than 4 'A mm. long.

9. Sporophylla suberect, siibstibulate, proportionally long and narrow.
3. Spikes 4 — 6 mm. diam.

J. Leaves Tk — 10 mm. long, 2—8 mm. broad.

(23) L. Lauterbachii.
S..A. Leaves 10 — 20 mm. long, or 1 — 2 mm. broad.

(24) L. squarrosum.

3.3. Spikes 7 — 9 mm. diam. (25) L. Magnusianum.

*.*. Sporophylla spreading, subtriangular, proportionally short and broad.

(26) L. rupicolum.

(22) It. ffagellaceum, JTuhw, Forschr. Gaz., lY, Fame.

Shoots pendulous, pale-green, about 16 cm. long, dichotomous towards
the base, equally trichotomous towards the apex, the stem copiously
grooved in the lower part. Leaves minute, ascending, sessile, thick, the
lower 12-farious, linear-lanceolate, 2 — 3 mm. long, acute, entire, slightly
narrowed at the base, the higher 6-farious, passing gradually into the
sporophylla. Spikes square, dichotomous, to 8 cm. long; sporophylla
ovate-lanceolate, about 'A — Va as long as the leaves, keeled.

New Guinea.

(28) li. Liautcrliachil, PHtiv., in Schum. & Laut., Flor. deut.
Sch.geb., 149.

Shoots simple or 1 — 2 times dichotomously branched, pendulous, to
30 cm. or more long, the branches Vk—V!* cm. diam. including the
leaves. Leaves crowded, 6 — 8-farious, horizontally spreading, rigid, ovate-
subulate, 7V2 — 10 mm. long, 2 — 3 mm. broad near the base, entire,
acute, the edge somewhat re volute, the base rounded or rather abruptly

102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UROSTACHYS. b'. PHLEGMARIOPSIS. 39

rotundate-truncate. Sporophylla Vj as long, subulate, when young adpressed,
forming a single spike 4 mm. diam. — Readily distinguished from L.
squarrosum Forst. by its relatively shorter and broader leaves.
New Guinea.

(24) li. gquarrosuni, Forst., Spring, Mon., I, 52; Rac, Flor.
Btz., I, 240, p. p.; Pritz., in Engl. & Prantl., Nat. Pfl.Fam., P, fig. 376.

Shoots pendulous, or erect v^ith nutant branches, 1 — 8 times dichoto-
mously branched, about 80—100 cm. long, 2—3 cm. diam. including the
leaves. Leaves firm, not rarely rigidly coriaceous, lanceolate-subulate and
often more or less falcate, about 10—20 mm. long, 1—2 mm. broad above
the base, acute, entire, the edge not or obscurely revolute, the base
rotundate-cuneate, decurrent, the decurrent portion flat or longitudinally
rugulose when dry. Spikes elongated, not rarely to 80 cm. long, simple
or dichotomous; sporophylla subulate, dilated at the base. — Very
variable. — Two ultimate forms united by intermediates between which
it is impossible to draw the limit.

Forma typica : Spikes moderately suddenly contracted from the higher
barren region, string- or cord-shaped, 5 mm. diam. ; sporophylla erect,
subadpressed, 4 — 6 mm. long, the lower passing somewhat gradually
into the higher barren leaves.

Forma hippuroides: Spikes not contracted, resembling in shape the
higher barren region, though somewhat narrowed towards the apex;
sporophylla subspreading. — The figure quoted above is this form, which,
like the intermediates, is often confounded with L. hippuris Desv.

Tropical Africa and Asia to Polynesia.

(25) Vi. Magnnsianuni, Mer*., Hedwi., XLIX, 91.

Shoots erect or subflexuose, twice or thrice forked, rigid, about 80 — 40
cm. long, the lower part 10 — 15 mm. diam. including the leaves.
Leaves crowded, multifarious, spreading, incurved or decurved, lanceolate,
10 — 12 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, long.acute, entire, glossy, rigid but
not thick, not keeled. Spikes 8 mm. diam.; sporophylla crowded,
erecto-patent, 6 — 10 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, nearly keeled. — A plant
gathered in Java by Raciborski, determined as L. squarrosum Forst.,
differs from this only in having the shoots broader, the leaves longer, and
the barren region narrowed somewhat more gradually into the fertile spikes.

Mindanao, Java (?).

40 102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UROSTACHYS. b'. PHLEGMABIOPSIS.

(26) Ij. rupicoluni, r. A. r. n., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 39.

Shoots probably erect or nutant, about 25—50 cm. long, 2—3 times
dichotomously branched, the central branches 2 — 2Vs cm. diam. including
the leaves. Leaves crowded, 8-farious, horizontal or spreading, or the
lower deflexed, rigidly coriaceous, acerose, lanceolate-subulate, 12Vj mm.
long, 2 mm. broad above the base, entire, acute, the edge somewhat
revolute, the base slightly rotundate-cuneate, decurrent, the decurrent
portion often 2-costate when dry. Spikes solitary or double, simple or
forked, the branches 5 — 6 mm. diam.; sporophylla spreading, triangular-
ovate, subulate-acuminate, 3 — 4 mm. long, the lower a little longer. —
Readily distinguished from L. squarrosum Forst. by its proportionally
shorter and broader, spreading sporophylla.

New Guinea.

b. Phlegmaria. 2. Muphlegmarta.

1. Leaves relatively long and narrmo, at least aboiit 6 y^as long as broad,
if proportionally shorter, then at best about 2 mm. broad, sessile, rather
decurrent.
a. Leaves not horizontal.

h. Leaves to 7 mm. long ('). (27) L. Vrieseanum.

6.6. Leaves 7 — 20 mm. or more long.

c. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, acerose. (28) L. apiculatum.
C.C. Leaves not rigidly coriaceous, not acerose.

d. Leaves 1 — 2 mm. broad. (29) L. pinifolium.

d.d. Leaves V2 — 'A mm. broad. (30) L. setifolium.

n.n. Leaves fiorizontal. (31) L. horizontale.

±.1. Leaves relatively short and broad, at best about 5 y^ as long as broad,

if proportionally longer, then at least about 2V2 mm. broad, mostly

subpetiolulate, rarely subdecurrent.

2. Spikes slender, with the branchlets 1 — 2Va mm. diam.
3. Leaves orbicular or broadly oblong, obtuse.

(32) L. nummularifoUum.
3.3. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute.

C) See also (29) L. plnlfollam Bl.

102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UEOSTACHYS. b'. EUPHLEGMARIA. 41

J. Leaves 4-farioiis, at best 5—6-farious in the lower part
of the stem. (33) L. phlegmarioides.

(34) L. pseudo-phlegmaria.
J.J. Leaves 6—co-farious, at best 4—5-farious on the ultimate
branchlets.
S. Large, pendulous (or nutant) plants.

e. Leaves more or less erected. (35) L. coralium.
e.s. Leaves more or less horizontal.

(36) L. phlegmaria.
S.S. Small or erected plants. (37) L. divergens.

9.9. Spikes stout, with the branchlets 8 — 5 mm. diam.

$. Leaves to about 10 mm. long. (38) L. Hellwigii.

S.f. Leaves 12Vi — 25 mm. long.

f . Leaves horizontally spreading. (39) L. pachystachyum.
+.f . Leaves ascending. (40) L. phyllantum.

(27) li. Wrieseanuni, Spt-ing, Mon., II, 38; Bk., Fern All, 20;
L. pinifolium, Bl, Rac, Flor. Btz., I, 241, p. p.

Shoots stiff, suberect, or the longer pendulous, 15—30 cm. long, once
to thrice forked, the branchlets moderately slender, 4 — 7 mm. diam.
including the leaves. Leaves rather crowded, 8-farious, erecto-patent
or nearly erect, rarely more spreading, lanceolate, 4 — 7 mm. long and
1 — IV2 mm. broad, acute, entire, firm or rigid, the base decurrent, keeled.
Spikes 2V2 — 12V2 cm. long, once or twice forked, the branchlets 2 — 3
mm. diam.; sporophylla rather crowded, broadly ovate, often shortly
apiculate-acuminate, rarely about twice as long as the sporangia, keeled, the
blade not hiding the sporangium. — I think this to be hardly more than
a variety of L. pinifolium Bl.

Java.

(28) Wj. apiculaiiini, SptHng, PL Jungh., 272; Bk., Fern All.,
22; L. pinifolium, BL, Rac, Flor. Btz., I, 241, p. p.

Shoots pendulous, 30 — 60 cm. long, mostly twice or thrice dichoto-
mously branched, the branchlets 12—15 mm. diam. including the leaves.
Leaves moderately close, spreading or suberecto-patent, 10 — I2V3 mm.
long, 2 mm. broad at the base, subulate-lanceolate, rigid, acerose, acute,

42 102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UEOSTAOHYS. b'. EUPHLEGMARIA.

entire, subrevolute at the edge, with a distinct midrib, narrowed and
decurrent at the base. Spikes 5 — 15 cm. long, dichotomous, the
branchlets 3 mm. diam. ; sporophylla moderately close, ascending, ovate,
long-apiculate-acuminate, 3 — 4 mm. long, the blade hardly hiding the
sporangium. — Hardly more than a rigid form of L. pinifolium Bl.
Malaya to Polynesia.

(29) Ij. pinifolium, Bt., Spring, Mon., I, 58; Rac, Flor. Btz.,
241, p. p.; L. Vrieseanum, Spring, var. majus, Spring, PI. Jungb., 273.

' Shoots pendulous, 15 — 45 cm. long, once to thrice dichotomously
branched, the branchlets 10 — 20 mm. diam. including the leaves. Leaves
moderately crowded, 6-farious (arranged in alternate spurious whorls
of 3), ascending or spreading, subulate-lanceolate, 7 — 15 mm. long, 1 — 2
mm. broad, acute, entire, moderately firm, not rigid, with a distinct
midrib, narrowed and decurrent with a keel at the base. Spikes single
or double, simple or dichotomous, the branchlets 2 — 4 mm. diam. ; sporo-
phylla ascending, moderately lax, long-acuminate, the blade ovate. — Very
variable, with small-leafed and narrow-spicate forms and with forms
approaching L. proliferum Bl. but united to the type by intermediates. —
The description is taken from specimens determined by Raciborski. — Blume
distinguishes forms with short-acuminate and forms with long-acuminate
sporophylla.

Malaya to Papua.

(30) El. setifoliuni, r. A. r. R., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 40.

Near L. pinifolium Bl. but the leaves subsetiform, straight ot subfal-
cate, 7 — 10 mm. long, 'A — V* mm. broad, the lower horizontal, the
following gradually ascending.

Borneo.

(81) l<. horizontalc, r. A, r. «., Bull. Btz., 1912, VII, 30.

Shoots pendulous, about 30—45 cm. long, repeatedly dichotomously
branched. Leaves firm, moderately close, 6— 10-farious, horizontally
spreading, sessile, rather decurrent, linear-lanceolate, 8 — 10 mm. long,
I'A — 2 mm. broad above the rotundate-cuneate base, acute, entire, with a
distinct midrib. Spikes many, simpla or once or twice forked, to 10 cm. long,
the branchlets 2 — 3 mm. diam.; sporophylla moderately close, acuminate,
long-apiculate from a broadly ovate base, distinctly exceeding the sporangia

102. LYCOPODrojI. § 1. UROSTACHYS. bl EUPHLEGMARIA. 43.

but not hiding them. — The young plants have the leaves more equally
narrowed tow^ards both ends.
Borneo.

(32) li. nmumularifolliini, ah. Spring, Mon., I, 68; Rac,
Flor. Btz., I, 240; Hk. & Grev., Ic. Fil, tab. CCXII; L. rotundifolium,
WaU. (not Boxb.), Cat, No. 2183.

Shoots pendulous, 30—100 cm. long, often 3—4 times dichotomously
branched, the stem slender, both stem and branches flattened, 2-lateral
(the leaves apparently 2-farious). Leaves lax or approximate, more or
less ascending, subpetiolate, suborbicular to broad-oblong, to 9 mm. long,
to 7 mm. broad, obtuse at both ends, entire, firm, glossy, v?ith a distinct
midrib. Spikes very slender, one or more times dichotomous, the branchlots
to 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla moderately dense, ascending, rather deltoid,
very small, not much exceeding the sporangia.

Malaya across Papua to the New Hebrides.

(33) li. phlegmarioides, Gaud., in Freyc, Voy. Ur. Phys., Bot.,
I, tab. 23; Bk., Fern AIL, 20; v. A. v. R., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 39, fig. b.

Shoots pendulous, 15—45 cm. long, one or more times dichotomously
branched. Leaves lax, ascending, 4-farious, elongate-ovate, 6 — 16 mm.
long, about '2 as broad, rather acute, entire, narrovsred and adnate at the
base, glossy, rigid, with a distinct midrib, the ventral ones larger than
the dorsal. Spikes slender, to 10 cm. long, once or twice forked, the
branchlets 1 — IVi mm. diam.; sporophylla broad-ovate, equalling or
but little exceeding the sporangia.

Borneo, Amboina, New Guinea, Aru Islands.

(34) Vi. |ii»eudo-phleji;inaria, Muhn, Forschr. Gaz., IV, Fame.
Shoots suberect, soon pendulous, often thrice forked, to 45 cm. long,

the stem obtusely quadrangular, 4-sulcate. Leaves glossy, coriaceous,
4-farious, ascending, subpetiolate, ovate-lanceolate, equal, 1 — IV2 cm.
long and 5 mm. broad, narrowed at both ends, obtuse, entire, decurrent,
the midrib grooved above, subprominent beneath. Spikes slender, once
or twice forked, moniliform, 4 — 8 cm. long; sporophylla broadly ovate,
shortly acuminate, keeled, equalling the sporangia. — Probably a form
of the preceding.

Neio Guinea (?); Samoa, Fiji.

44 102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UROSTACHYS. b'. EUPHLEGMARIA.

(35) Mj. corallum, Spiring, PI. Jungh., 273; L. pinifolium, BL,
Rac., Flor. Btz., I, 241, p. p.; — var. minutifolium.

Shoots pendulous, to 30 — 60 cm. or more long, two or more times
dichotomously branched. Leaves moderately close, 6 — 8-farious, suberect
or erecto-patent, sessile or subpetiolate, firm, elliptical or ovate-lanceolate,
about 8 — 16 mm. long and 2V2 — 4 mm. broad, acute, entire, rounded or
narrowed at the base, with a distinct midrib. Spikes slender, moniliform,
flexuose, 5—10 cm. long, once to thrice forked, the ultimate branchlets
1 — 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla rigid, ovate, to 2 mm. long, apiculate,
keeled. — Hardly more than a variety of L. phlegmaria L.

War. minutlfoliuui : Leaves similar but much smaller, and the
sporophylla rather longer apiculate.

Malaya to Polynesia.

(36) Wj. phlegmaria, i., Spring, Mon., I, 63; Rac, Flor. Btz., I,
241; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., V, fig. 377; — var. brachystachyum,
Rst., Fed., Rep., XII, 530; — var. laxum, BL, Enum., 262; Spring, 1. c,
65; — var. longifolium. Spring, 1. c, 65; L. mirabile, Willd., Spec, V,
11; — var. filiforme; var. rigidum, BL, 1. c. ; var. furcatum, Spring, in
PI. Jungh., 272 ; L. filiforme, Bb., Rac, 1. c ; — var. ovatum ; var. parvi-
folium, Spring, Mon., I, 65; var. pellucidum & gracilescens, BL, 1. c; —
var. latifolium.

Shoots pendulous, 15 — 60 cm. long, dichotomously branched. Leaves
moderately approximate or loose, 6 — 8-farious, rather horizontal, subpetio-
lulate, triangular to lanceolate, 4 — 20 mm. long, 2V2 — 6 mm. broad, acute,
entire, with a distinct midrib. Spikes often numerous, mostly repeatedly
forked, the ultimate branchlets slender, 1 — 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla
lax or crowded, short or elongated, roundish-triangular to ovate-lanceolate. —
Very variable, with the leaves varying from close to loose, broad to
narrow, flaccid to rigid, thin to thick. The type and the varieties are passing
into each other by forms which are often very difficult of determination.

Forma typica: Leaves rather triangular, about 9 mm. or more long,
relatively (often more than 4 mm.) broad, cordate or subcordate-truncate at
the base; stem mostly robust (rope-like) in the lower part; spikes not short.

War. brachystachyum: Spikes very short, at best I'A cm.
long, 3 — 4-furcate.

War. laxum: Leaves lanceolate, about 9 mm. or more long,
relatively narrow, cuneate or rotundate-cuneate at the base.

102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UROSTACHYS. b', EUPHLEGMARIA. 45

Var. longlfoliiiiu : Leaves ovate-lanceolate, about 9 mm. or
more long, relatively narrow, broadly rounded at the base.

War. flliforme: Leaves rather triangular, to 8 mm. long, relatively
broad, cordate or subcordate-truncate at the base; stem mostly slender,
subflliform (string-like).

War. O'valum: Leaves elongate-ovate, to 8 mm. long, at best
about 'A as broad as long, cuneate or rounded at the base.

War. latifollnm : Leaves broadly ovate or oblong, to 8 mm.
long, more than 'A as broad as long, cuneate or rounded at the base.

PaleotropiccU, extending to North India, Queensland and New Zealand.

(37) li. divergens, e. A. v. «.,• L. plilegmaria, L., var. divari-
catum, Bl., Enum., 262.

Shoots rather short, suberect, dichotomous; branches divaricating,
subnutant. Leaves small, relatively short and broad, ovate to subcordate,
erecto-patent or suberect. Spikes short, divaricating-dichotomous. — Other-
wise like L. phlegmaria L.

Java.

(.38) li. Hellwigii, Wurb., Mons., I, 97.

Shoots pendulous, simple, or forked towards the apex. Leaves generally
3-farious, lanceolate, to 10 mm. long, 2 — 3 mm. broad near the base,
acute, thin but firm, hardly glossy, nearly horizontally spreading. Spikes
6 — 10 cm. long, thick, 4 mm. diam., commonly double, rarely simple,
or forked at the middle ; sporophylla rather close, subacuminate, distinctly
longer than the sporangia, the lower twice as long, 3 — 4 mm. long
and 2 mm. broad.

New Guinea.

(39) li. pachyiitachyuin (pachystachyon), Spring, Mon., I, 66;
L. phyllantum, Hk. & Am., Bk., Fern AIL, 22, p. p.

Shoots stout, suberect, 30 — 45 cm. long, once or twice forked.
Leaves 4-farious, elongate-lanceolate, TA — 27-2 cm. long, 2 'A — 5 mm. broad,
acute, entire, narrowed at the base, rigidly coriaceous, horizontally
spreading, decurrent, with revolute edges and a distinct midrib. Spikes
7'2 — 25 cm. long, twice to thrice forked, the branchlets thick, 3 — 5
mm. diam. ; sporophylla ascending, short, broadly ovate, acute or acuminate,
keeled, not hiding the sporangia.

Br. India to Polynesia.

46 102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. UROSTACHYS. b^ EUPHLEGMAEIA.

(40) Ri. phyllantum (phyllanton), HU. 4- At^., Bk., Fern AIL,
22, p. p.; L. pachystachyon, Spring, var. phyllanton, Spring, Mon., II, 29.

Shoots stout, suberect or pendulous, about 30—50 cm. long, once or
twice dichotomously branched. Leaves dense, moderately ascending,
4-farious, ovate-lanceolate, about TA— 2V-2 cm. long, 3—6 mm. broad,
acute, entire, rigidly coriaceous, with a distinct midrib, more or less
keeled towards the base, the base rather rounded, the keel decurrent.
Spikes 7V2— 25 cm. long, once to thrice dichotomously branched, the
branchlets thick, 3—5 mm. diam. ; sporophylla ovate, acute, keeled,
much exceeding and hiding the sporangia.

Borneo, Sumatra.

% 2. RHOPALOSTACHYS.

a. liepidotitt. 3. Clavata. •

f . Leaves 4-farious on the branchlets.

*. Spikes 1 — 2 on a simple or forked peduncle from the apex of a

branchlet. (48) L. Wightianum.

••*. Spikes 2 — 16 on a branched peduncle from the axis of a branch.

(47) L. complanatum.
^.•^. Leaves co-farious everywhere. (41) L. clavatum.

(41) 1j. clavatum, J&., Spring, Mon., I, 88 ; Bk., Fern All., 26 ; Schk.,
Krypt. Gew., I, tab. 162; Hk., Br. Ferns, tab. XLIX; — var. divaricatum,
Rac, Flor. Btz., I, 244; var. Wallichianum, Spring, I.e., 90; L. trichiatum,
Bl., Enum., 263; L. divaricatum, Wall, Cat., 'Ro.lSl; — var. tamariscispica,
Bk., 1. c. ; L. tamariscispica, Ces., Fel. Becc. Polin., 6, 8.

Main stem (rhizome) wide-trailing, copiously branched ; lower branches
often 15 — 30 cm. long, copiously compound; secondary branches rather
dichotomous. Leaves multifarious, subulate, 3 — 5 mm. long, flat or
somewhat convolute-canaliculate, decurrent, with a distinct midrib, entire,
or the lower more or less denticulate, at least the younger ones terminating
into a deciduous scariose apex or decoloured hair. Spikes 2V2 — 5 cm.

102. LYOOPODIUM. § 2. EHOPALOSTACHYS. a'. CLAVATA. 47

long, 4 — 5 mm. diam., rarely solitary, mostly 2 or more (even to 15) on
a long, branched, common peduncle provided with distant, erect or
somewhat spreading, lanceolate-subulate, minutely denticulate bracts;
sporophylla broadly ovate, imbricate, eroso-fimbriato, with the apex scariose-
acuminate or hair-pointed. — Very variable, with forms between which
it is difficult to draw the precise limit.

Forma typica: Secondary branches rather crowded, erect or suberect;
leaves entire or those of the main stem obsoletely denticulate, those of
the ultimate branchlets erect or suberect, straight or somewhat incurved,
crowded. — Cosmopolitan in the temperate zones and in the cool alpine
regions of the tropics.

l^ar. divaricatuiu : Like the type but the secondary branches
and the leaves more divaricating or spreading, more loose. — Java,
Philippines; Br. India.

War. tamarlscisploa: Secondary branches rather divaricating;
leaves of the main stem distinctly denticulate, those of the ultimate
branchlets entire, relatively short and thick, conspicuously incurved. —
New Guinea.

a. Eiepidotis. 4. Cet^va.

n

+. Tree-like shoots erect; spikes simple.

• Spikes relatively slender, 2 — 8 mm. diam. (42) L. cernuum.

•• Spikes relatively stout, 5 'A — 5 mm. diam. (43) L. curvatum.

f .+. Tree-like shoots scandent, or tJie spikes compound. (44) L. cassuarinoides.

(42) It, cernuum, i., Spring, Mon., I, 79; Rac, Flor. Btz., I,
243; — var. capillaceum. Spring, 1. c, 80; var. laxum, BL, Enum., 266;
L. marianum, Desv., H.M.P.; L. capillaceum, WiUd.,MS.; — var. salakense ;
L. salakense, Treub, Rac, 1. c, 242 ; — var. crassifolium. Spring, 1. c. ;
var. marianum, Bk., Fern AH., 23; L. marianum, Willd., MS.; L. curvatum,
Bl. (not Sic), 1. c; L. ericinum, Ces., Fel. Becc. Polin., 9; — var. pendulum,
Bk., 1. c. ; L. pendulum, Hk., Icon. PL, I, tab. XC; L. pendulinum, Pritz.,
in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., T, 602.

48 102. LYCOPODIUM. § 2. RHOPALOSTACHYS. a*. CERNUA.

Shoots erect, or subscandent in the longest forms, springing from a wide-
trailing hypogeous rhizome, 10 — 250 cm. long, the lower part simple, the
upper part more or less copiously branched, the stem and rachises naked
or pubescent, foliate; branches short or elongated, mostly copiously
branched again, bi- or plurifarious, ascending, the lowest not rarely
elongated, nutant, and proliferous at the apex; ultimate branchlets 2—5
mm. diam. including the leaves. Leaves more or less crowded, linear-
subulate, 2 — 3 mm. long, rather terete, often angular and grooved when
dry, entire, arcuate-ascending, subsigmoidal (') or uncinate C^). Spikes
sessile at the end of the branchlets, cylindrical, oviform or ellipsoidal,
sometimes subglobose, 3 — 20 mm. long, 2 — 3 mm. diam. ; sporophylla
crowded, erect, or somewhat spreading in age, sharply long-acuminate to
subcuspidate from a rather broadly ovate base, copiously fimbriate-ciliate.
— Very variable.

Forma typica: Leaves Arm, not capillary, all subsigmoidal, rather
approximate; spikes cernuous.

Forma erecta: Like the type, but the .spikes erect.

War. capillaceum: Leaves flaccid, nearly capillary, subsigmoidal,
rather loose, those of the stem and main rachis rather horizontal.

War. salakenfiie: Leaves flaccid, iine, rather loose, uncinate, of
stem and main rachis erected, adpressed; ultimate branchlets very slender,
to 2 mm. diam., loose, erecto-patent ; spikes slender, I'A mm. diam.

War. crassifolium : Leaves rigid, thick, those of the ultimate
branchlets rather crowded, conspicuously uncinate; ultimate branchlets
ascending; spikes rather thick, 2—3 mm. diam. — Two forms: Leaves
of the stem and main rachis squarrose (forma squarrosa); leaves of the
stem and occasionally those of the main rachis erected, adpressed (forma
appressa).

War. iieiiduliini: Like the preceding, but the ultimate branchlets
nutant or pendulous.

Tropical and extra-tropical.

(43) li. curvatnm, Stc, Rac, Flor. Btz., I, 243; L. vulcanicum,
BL, Enum., 266; L. cernuum, L., var. curvatum, Bk., Fern All., 23.

Like the preceding but more robust, the branchlets stouter, the

(') Nearly S-shaped, the apex outward bant,
(') Nearly )-shaped, the apex inward bent.

102. LYCOPODIUM. § 1. RHOPALOSTACHYS. 3*. CERNUA. 49

leaves thicker, very rigid, those of the ultimate branchlets conspicuously
uncinate, the spikes somewhat larger, to 20 mm. long, SVj — 5 mm. diam.
Malaya to Polynesia^ Central America^ West India.

(44) Ij. casiiarinoidefil, Spring, Mon., I, 94; Bk., Fern All.,
24; Hk., Icon. PL, X, tab. CMLXVIII.

Shoots wide-scandent, the branches copiously compound; ultimate
branchlets sometimes 15 — 25 cm. long, pendulous, very slender. Leaves
of the stem scattered, peltate near the base, with the basal portion
similar to the apical but shorter; of the branchlets variable, conspicuously
decurrent, firm, green or reddish, sometimes remote, with only a minute,
persistent, free blade with a long, subulate, hyaline, deciduous or
persistent, membranaceous, entire, toothed or lacerated apex, sometimes
closer, with a lanceolate-aristate, arcuate free blade 3 mm. long. Spikes
by themselves on special branchlets, panicled, cylindrical, 2 '/a — 7 'A cm.
long, 4 mm. diam. ; sporophylla broadly ovate, ascending, cuspidate-
acuminate, with scariose cusp and edges.

Malaya; North India, South China, Assam., Bhotan.

b. Diphasiuin.

*. Main stem decumbent, copiously foliate, ^cith feic short, simple, decum-
bent branches. (45) L. carolinianum.
*.*. Main stem creeping, erect or scanclent, sparsely foliate, with several to
many elongated, decompound, erected or ascending branches.
9. Leaves with a long, subcapillary, scariose apex.

(46) L. penicilliferum.
2.9. Leaves without a long, subcapillary, scariose apex.

3. Barren and fertile regions not separate, the latter springing
from the former.

J. Leaves 4-farious, the largest laterally, the smallest dorsally
and ventrally arranged.

S. Spikes 1 — 2 on a simple or forked peduncle from

the apex of a branchlet. (48) Wightianum.

S.S. Spikes 2 — 16 on a branched peduncle from the axis

of a branch. (47) L. complanatum.

Fern Allies. 4

60 102. LYCOPODIUM. § 2. BHOPALOSTACHVS. b. DIPHASIUM.

4. J. Leaves in 2 planes, the largest laterally, the smallest dorsaUy

(not ventrally) arranged. (49) L. scariosum.

3.3. Barren and fertile regions separate, the latter forming panicles

apart from the former. (50) L. volubile.

(45) L<. carollnianum. I,., Spring, Mon., I, 98; Bk., Fern AIL,
28; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., P, flg. .378.

Main stem trailing and rooting, 5 — 30 cm. long, bearing distant,
short, simple, spreading, decumbent branches. Leaves secund or nearly
so, crowded, ' dimorphous, 4 — 6 mm. long, acute, the lateral (posterior)
ones more or less spreading and falcate, the intermedial (anterior) ones
rather ascending, straight. Fertile spikes 1 or few, cylindrical, 2 'A — TVs
cm. long, solitary on a simple, stiffly erected, stramineous peduncle
5 — 30 cm. long and provided with lax, ascending or adpressed, rigid,
acute bracts; sporophylla broad-ovate, toothed, with a long, ascending or
spreading cusp.

Tropical and subtropical.

(46) 1j. penioillifernm, «. A. r. jr., Bull. Btz., 1914, XYI, 40,
tab. X.

Main stem erect (scandent?), to 85 cm. long or longer, terete, pinnately
branched; primary branches ascending, 10 — 15 cm. long, provided on the
lower side near the base with a short-stalked, white, brush-like coma
consisting of numerous crowded, scariose, subulate leaves subsimilar to
those of the main stem; higher branches dichotomous, lower pinnately
branched, dichotomous at the 'apex, the secondary branches dichotomous;
ultimate branchlets rather flattened, 2 — 10 cm. long and 3 — 4 mm. broad
including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the main stem scattered, isomorphous,
passing gradually into those of the ultimate branchlets, erected, linear-
subulate, coriaceous at the base, otherwise white-scariose and not rarely
eroso-denticulate ; leaves of the branchlets heteromorphous, placed in 3
parallel planes, the lower Vi coriaceous, green, distinctly decurrent, separated
from the white-scariose upper Vs by a narrow, brown or rufous transversal
band ; lateral leaves (those of the central plane) laxly placed in 2 opposite
rows, arcuate-ascending, 3 — 5 ram. long, subflliform- or capillary-subulate
from a rather broad, involuto-canaliculate base; ventral leaves (those of

102. LYCOPODIUM. § 2. HHOPALOSTACHYS. b. DIPHASroM. 51

the lower plane) very distant, placed apparently in a single row, erected,
subulate, nearly flattened; dorsal leaves (those of the upper plane) placed
alternately in 2 close rows, in shape intermediate between the lateral
and ventral ones. Spikes unknown.
Celebes.

(47) E<. «oiiiplana(uiii, r., Spring, Mon., I, 101; Rac, Flor.
Btz., I, 244; Schk., Krypt. Gew., I, tab. 163; L.tlmyoides,Bl.,'&mim.,2m.

Main stem wide-trailing and rooting, sparsely leafy; branches rather
flattened, ascending, copiously flabellato-dichotomous, bilateral, the ultimate
ones 2'/2 — 10 cm. long, 2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves
of the main stem uniform, shortly subulate, adpressed, decurrent; of the
branches generally distinctly dimorphous, sometimes resembling those of
L. Wightianum TFaM., 4-farious, green, rigid; lateral leaves broadly
decurrent, 2 mm. long, subulate, ascending, the upper (inner) side
conduplicate-canaliculate ; dorsal and ventral leaves smaller, linear, adpressed,
the dorsal the largest, more or less imbricate, the ventral the smallest,
remote. Spikes cylindrical, 2V2— 5 cm. long, several (2 — 16) on a common,
branched peduncle from the axis of a branch, the peduncle foliate with
sparse, ascending or spreading, radially arranged, subulate bracts; sporo-
phylla broadly ovate, ascending, shortly acuminate. — L. thuyoides Bl.
is the form with the longest ultimate branchlets and the most copiously
branched fertile peduncles.

North temperate zones and cool alpine regions of the tropics.

(48) Ij. ll^ightianuni, WFall., Spring, Mon., I, 103; Rac, Flor.
Btz., I, 245; L. sabiaifolium, Bl., Enum., 263.

Main stem (rhizome) wide-trailing, rooting, wiry, terete, sparsely
leafy, the leaves minute, scale-like, subulate, adpressed ; branches ascending,
simple and sparsely leafy at the base, copiously and more or less
ttabellately compound in the upper part, 5 — 20 cm. long, the branchlets
rather compressed, relatively short, crowded, often spreading or nutant.
Leaves of the branches 4-farious, erect, to 2V2 mm. long, acute, entire,
distinctly canaliculate on the inner side, densely imbricated, rigid, not
rarely somewhat dimorphous and then the lateral leaves falcate, ascending,
canaliculate. Spikes terminal on the branchlets, cylindrical, 2V2 — 5 cm.
long, sessile on a simple or sometimes forked peduncle 5 — 10 cm. long
and provided with lax, subulate or lanceolate, acute bracts to 4 mm.

52 102. LYCOPODIUM. § 2. RHOPALOSTACHYS. b. DIPHASIUM.

long; sporophylla ovate-acuminate, subscariose, lacerate, nearly keeled,
with a squarrose cusp. — Closely allied to L. complanatum L.
Java, Celebes; Ceylon, North India.

(49) E<. scariosuni, Fofst., Spring, Mon., 1, 108; Bk., Fern All., 29.
Main stem wide-trailing or ascending; branches ascending, irregularly

dichotomous, reaching a length of 15 — 30 cm.; branchlets flattened, dorsi-
ventral, 3— 4V2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves rigidly
coriaceous; those of the main stem isomorphous, scattered, erected, adpressed,
sublanceolate, at length scariose at the apex; leaves of the branchlets
heteromorphous, placed in 2 parallel planes; lateral leaves (of the lower plane)
laxly placed in 2 opposite rows, arcuate-ascending, lanceolate, 3 — 4V2 mm.
long, entire, acute, keeled, distinctly decurrent; intermedial leaves (of the
upper plane) closely placed in 2 close rows, erect, adpressed, sublinear-
oblong or sublanceolate, very small, entire, often scariose at the apex.
Spikes single or rarely double, 2'/2 — 5 cm. long, cylindrical, thick, sessile
or stalked at the end of the branchlets, often several to many to a branch,
the stalks provided with remote, subulate, minute bracts; sporophylla
broadly ovate, apiculate, the apex and margin finally lacerato-scariose.
Mindanao; Australia, Nerv Zealand.

(50) Et. volublle, Wort., Spring, Mon., I, 105; Rac, Flor. Btz.,
I, 245; Hk., Icon. PL, X, tab. CMLXVI; Hk. & Grev., Ic. Fil, tab. CLXX;
Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., P, fig. 380; L. spectabiU, Bl, Enum., 264.

Main stem wide-scandent, vriry, stramineous, copiously branched,
bearing radially arranged, uniform, ascending, subulate leaves ca 3 — 5
mm. long; barren branches flattened, dorsiventral, erecto-patent, compound,
the ultimate branchlets divaricating, 5 — 10 cm. long. Leaves of the
branches heteromorphous, pale-green, thin but firm, placed in 3 parallel rows;
lateral leaves (of the central plane) arcuate-ascending, 3 — 6 mm. long,
acute, entire, with a decurrent base 2 mm. broad ; dorsal leaves (of the
upper plane) smaller, linear, acute, approximate, adpressed, in 2 close planes;
ventral leaves (of the lower plane) very small, spine-like, distant, placed
in 1 row. Spikes very abundant, pendulous or nutant, cylindrical, 1 V2 — TVj
cm. long, terminal and lateral on copiously branched, bracted peduncles
forming panicles apart from the barren branches; sporophylla ascending,
imbricated, broadly ovate, small, acuminate, toothed below the cusp.

Malaya to Polynesia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, North Australia.

SELAGINELLINEAE.

FAMILY XVI. SELAGINELLACEAE.

XVI. SELA.GH1VEL.L.A-OEAJE.

Terrestrial, exceptionally epiphytical. Shoots elongated, creeping,
ascending or erect, sometimes scandent, branched, often proliferous at
the base or springing from a creeping or scandent main stem, or the
branches growing out to new shoots, with the root fibres confined to the
base or to the nodes of the lower half or extending to the higher nodes;
steles 1 — 5, rarely more, if solitary then central, if double then one
ventral and the other dorsal, if triple then a central one placed between
the dorsal and ventral, if 4 — 5 then the ventral or (and) dorsal one
double, if more than 5 then often irregularly arranged but nearly always
placed in parallel hnes. Leaves (') simple, mostly very small, isomorphous
or heteromorphous, occupying both stem and branches, rarely multi-
farious (i. e. isomorphous and placed in more or less compound whorls
or spirals), sometimes tetrastichous (i. e. isomorphous and placed in 4
rectangularly decussate rows, so as to form perfectly square stems and
branches), more commonly platystichous (i. e. heteromorphous and
arranged in 2 parallel planes, those of the lower plane [lateral leaves]
larger, more or less spreading to erecto-patent and placed in 2 opposite
rows, those of the upper plane [intermedial leaves] erect or suberect and
placed in 2 contiguous rows, so as to form rather flattened dbrsiventral
stems and branches), those of the stem often distant, of the branches
generally more contiguous, at least the younger leaves provided with a very
minute decoloured appendix or ligula (*) on the upper (inner) side at the
base, the margin and the aligular surface not rarely provided with groups
or longitudinal rows of sclerotic cells, so as to form sharply bounded,
pale, decoloured or pellucid edges and (or) intramarginal to subcostal
spurious veinlets ('). Spikes terminal on the branchlets or rarely placed

(') The description of the leaves must be understood (unless it is otherwise

stated) to refer to those of the branchlets excluding the sporophylla, not to those

of the stem, which, especially in the species with heteromorphous leaves, often
differ widely from those of the branchlets in shape, size and direction.

(^) Visible by high magnifying power only.

(') Often a valuable specific character. The pale, pellucid or decoloured edge

should not be confounded with the hyaline acroscopic base of the lateral leaves,

58 103. SELAGINELLA.

in the axils of the higher fork branches, either tetrastichous and often
sharply square, or platystichous on the same plan as the leaves, but
then mostly resupinate (i. e. with the smaller sporophylla on the same
plane as the larger leaves, and vic» versa); sporangia of 2 kinds, macro-
sporangia and microsporangia, placed singly in the axils of the sporophylla,
mostly monocious, rarely diocious, 1-locular, 2-valved; macrospores rather
large, subglobose, 1 — 4 in a raacrosporangium, the basal side rounded,
smooth, verruculose, aculeate, rugulose or reticulate, the apical side
generally trigono-pyramidal and furnished with 3 ribs radiating from the
summit, rarely flattened and without ribs; microspores similar but very
minute, dust-like, very numerous in a microsporangium. — Engl. & Prantl,
Nat. Pfl.Fam., T, fig. 401—408.
Cosmopolitan.

103. sh:]^^g!-iis:e:i:^]^^, spring.

Characters those of the family.

Arrangement of the subgenera, sections and groups (').

HETERIIPHYIjIjUII (Subselaginella). Leaves very hetero-
morphous at least in the branched portion of the shoots, the branches
therefore conspicuously dorsiventral.

which is often gradually decoloured from the midrib towards the margin. In order
to ascertain in dry material the presence of sclerotic cells, it is necessary to boil the
leaflets in a saturated chloral-hydrate solution; by about 100 times magnifying power
the cells will then be easily visible. In unprepared material, when magnified less,
they often resemble long and fine (pale ot shining) streaks at the margin or on the
under surface of the leaflets. — For the characters of these cells, see Hieron. in
Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., P, 649.

(') I don't follow Hieronymus' natural arrangement given in Engl. & Prantl,
Nat. Pfl.Fam., I*, p. 669—712, it beeing too intricate and too difficult for practical
use, but at any rate it may be decidedly advisable to consult it besides mine as
well as that given in Warb., Mons., I, p. 100—112.

It is to be observed that several species are difficult of determination because
cf incomplete description. Furthermore the sections and groups are passing more or
less gradually into each other so that it is impossible to draw the precise limits
between them, and the characters given in both sections and groups are, for the
greater part, those of the typical forms.

103. SELAGINELLA. 59

§ 1. MONOSTELICAE. Stems traversed by 1—2 steles.

a. Hoinocostachys. Sporophylla rather isoraorphous, the
spikes therefore quadrangular (tetrastichous), as broad as
thick.

1. Rosulantes. Small or middle-sized species with densely
tufted or radiating branches liable to curl up in drought
and placed at the apex of a short or elongated trunk-
like main stem rooting at the base only.

2. Oecumhente». Small species, often densely caespitose;
shoots trailing, or ascending from a decumbent base or
main stem; stems mostly under 'A mm. thick, not
pubescent; root-fibres often extending to the higher nodes.

3. Wtadicantes. ' Large or middle-sized species ; shoots more
or less decumbent or ascending from a decumbent base,
branched down nearly or quite to the base; stems
mostly more then 'A mm. thick, not pubescent; root-
fibres extending to the central and often to the higher
nodes ; leaves heteromorphous on both stem and branches.

4. Ascendentea. Large or middle-sized species; shoots
erect, or ascending from a decumbent base, branched
down nearly or quite to the base, or the lower part
unbranched, stipitiform; stems more then 'A mm. thick,
not pubescent; root-fibres confined to the base or extending
to a little beyond the place where the branching begins ;
leaves heteromorphous on both stem and branches (').

5. Cauiescentes. Large or middle-sized species; shoots
erect, or ascending from a decumbent base, sometimes
springing from a divaricating-scandent main stem, the
upper part branched, the lower 'A — V4 part simple,
stipitiform ; stems more then V* mm. thick, not pubescent;
root-fibres confined to the unbranched portion, often to
the base only ; at least the leaves of the lower half of

(') This group is intermediate between the preceding and the following, and it
is often very difficult to determine whether a species of this group would not be
better treated as belonging to, or has not been erroneously placed in, the former or
the latter; the species with stipeless or short-stalked shoots differ from the preceding
group in having radially organized subterraneous nodes with rather isomorphous
leaves (conf. Hieron.).

60 103. SELAGINELLA.

the unbranched portion isomorphous or nearly so, those
of the branches heteromorphous.
6. rubesceutes. Mostly large or middle-sized species;
shoots commonly ascending or erect, often branched in
the upper part only; stems as a rule more then 'A
mm. thick, more or less distinctly pubescent; root-fibres
rather confined to the lower nodes, often to the base
only,
b. Heterostacbys. Sporophylla heteromorphous, the
smaller, more ascending ones commonly in the same plane
as the larger, spreading leaves, and vice versa, the spikes
therefore distinctly flattened (platystichous), often much
broader than thick.

1. MtUefteaetae. Small species, often densely caespitose;
shoots decumbent, at best ascending towards the apex;
rachises to 6 mm. broad including the lateral leaves;
root-fibres often extending to the higher nodes.

2. Bisulcatae. Large or middle-sized species; shoots
decumbent, at best ascending towards the apex ; rachises
6 — 10 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; root-
fibres often extending to the higher nodes.

3. Subefostie. Small or middle-sized species; shoots erect,
or ascending from a decumbent base; stems less than
1 mm. thick, or the root-fibres confined to the lowest
portion.

4. Brachygtachyae. Large or middle-sized species; shoots
erect, or ascending from a decumbent base ; stems more
than 1 mm. thick, the root-fibres not confined to the
lowest portion.

§ 2. PLEIOSTELICAE. Stems traversed by 3—9 steles.

B. iSOPHlfliljUllI (Boreoselaginella). Leaves isomorphous or nearly
so, subdecussate, the branches therefore more or less dorsiventral.
(Not in Malaya).

C. HOMOEOPHYIjIjIJII (Eusdaginella). Leaves isomorphous,
decussate or radiate, the branches therefore rather regularly square
or cylindrical. (Not in Malaya).

103. SELAGINELLA. 61

Key to the Malayan sections and groups.

±. Stems 1-2-stelical. A.. MONOSTELICAE.

a. Sporophylla isomorphous or nearly so, the spikes therefore rather
square, as broad as thick. A', a. Homoeostachys.

3. Shoots (stems, branches) densely tufted or radially arranged
at the apex of a short, or elongated and erected, trunk-like
main stem. A>. a'. RoaulanteM.

3.3. Shoots (stems, branches) independent or springing from a
short or elongated and creeping rhizome-like main stem.
S. Stems not pubescent.

S. Leaves heteromorphous on both stems and secondary

branches, the intermedial ones erect, the lateral

ones spreading, or rarely erect in group T.T.

e. Small or middle-sized species, the ultimate

branchlets to 4 mm. broad, and the stem at

best 'U mm. thick. A', a^ Itecuntbenfes.

e.e. Large or middle-sized species, the ultimate

branchlets 4 mm. broad or broader, or the stem

more then 'A mm. thick.

y. Shoots branched down nearly or quite to
the base; root-flbres extending to conside-
rably beyond the place where the branching
begins, often to the higher nodes.

A', a^ Jtadicantet.
9.9. Shoots branched down quite to the base,
or the lower part simple, stipitiform, with
the lateral leaves sometimes erect; root-
fibres confined to the base or extending
to a little beyond the place where the
branching begins. A\ a\ Ascendewtea (').
&.S. At least the leaves of the lower half of the stipiti-
form lower part of the shoots isomorphous or nearly
so, erect. A\ a'. Cauletcente*.

4.^. Stems more or less distinctly pubescent.

A\ a'. PuheMcentes.

(') See the information on page 59.

62

103. SELAGINELLA.

».». Sporophylla heteromorphous, the spikes therefore flattened,
broader than thick. A', b. Heterostachyti.

a. Shoots decumbent, at best ascending towards the apex';
root-fibres generally extending to the higher nodes.
b. Small species; rachises under 6 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves; stems at the utmost 1 mrh. thick.

A\ b'. Mnferteaetae.

h.h. No small species ; rachises more than 6 mm. broad

including the lateral leaves, or the stems at least 1 mm.

thick. A\ b^ JBUulcatae.

a.«. Shoots erect, or ascending from a trailing base ; root-fibres

mostly confined to the lower nodes.

f. Small or middle-sized species; stems under 1 mm. thick,
or the root-fibres confined to the lowest portion.

A', b^ Suhefotae.

•j-.f. Large or middle-sized species; stems more than 1 mm.

thick, the root-fibres not confined to the lowest portion.

A\ b''. Bfachystttchyae.
±.±. Stems 3— 9-stelical. A^ PLEiOSTELICAE.

A'. MONOSTELICAE.

a. Hoinueostacliys. 1. ttosuUmtea.

M. Leaves proportionally shortly cuspidate.
£.1. Leaves proportionally long-cuspidate.

(1) S. convolvens.

(2) S. tamariscina.

(1) S. convolvens, v. a. r. n.. Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 23; S.
involvens, Spring (not Hieron.}, Mon., II, 63; Bk., Fern All., 87; (not
Lycopodium involvens, Sw.).

Main stem short or elongate, erect; branches erect, densely tufted,
cuneate in outline, 5 — 15 cm. long, branched down nearly or quite to
the base, the branching of all grades between flabellate and 2 — 3-pinnate.
Leaves heteromorphous; of the lower plane crowded, ascending, broadly

103. SKLAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a^. ROSULANTES. 63

ovate, to 2 "2 mm. long, cuspidate-apiculate, thick and rigid, more or less
distinctly denticulate or serrulate, at length scariose on the upper edge;
of the upper plane nearly as long, ovate, cuspidate-apiculate, with a
distinct midrib, the margin rather serrulate, subcartilagineous, the cusp
straight, spine-like. Spikes square, to IT'A mm. long and 2 mm. diam. ;
sporophylla ovate, cuspidate, keeled, the margin pale-membranaceous,
subscariose, denticulate; macrospores pale-yellow, nearly smooth, with a
few hardly elevated verruciform projections; microspores minium-red, often
very different in size, the largest distinctly, densely, finely punctulated,
encircled by an equatorial ring consisting of more prominent elevations. —
For particulars about the nomenclature see Hieron. in Hedwi., L, 3.

Java^ Celebes, Philippines; Formosa., Japan, Korea, China to Br. India.

(2) S. tamariscina, Spt^ng, Mon., II, 64; S. bryopteris, Bk.,
Fern All., 87, p. p. ; Lycopodium tamariscinum, Desv., Enc. Bot., SuppL,
III, 540; L. circinale, Lam., Enc. Bot., Ill, 651.

Differs from the preceding in having the branches spreading and
radiating, so as to form a dense rosette, linear, in outhne, pinnate, the
pinnae short, slightly pinnate again, the leaves long-cuspidate, those of
the upper plane without a distinct midrib, with the cusp often recurved
or flexuose.

Philippines; Br. India.

a. HoniOeOStachyS. 2. Jfecumbentes.

M. Main stem trailing, icith the root-fibres extending to beyond the central
nodes.

». Lateral leaves spaced on the branchlets. (3) S. torricelliana.

*.*. Lateral leaves not spaced on the branchlets.

3. Lateral leaves entire, not ciliate. (4) S. caespitosa.

3.3. Lateral leaves more or less denticulate to ciliate.

S:. Lateral leaves blunt. (5) S. serpens.

^.41. Lateral leaves acute to acuminate. (6) S. Schumann!.

1.1. Main stem ascending or erect, rooting in the lower part only.

(7) S. ceratocaulos.

64 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. DECUMBENTES.

(3) S. torricelliana, r. A. r. JR., Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 15.

Main stem very slender, V« mm. thick, trailing; branches erect,
caespitose, 174—3 cm. long, little branched; branchlets 1—3 on a side,
to 2 mm. long, simple. Leaves firm, dimorphous; leaves of the lower
plane spaced even on the branchlets, oblong, blunt or bluntish, nearly
equal-sided, the upper side rounded and sparingly piloso-denticulate at
the base, the lower side entire, somewhat narrower, those of the main
stem the largest, 1 mm. long, V2 mm. broad, subspreading, those of the
branchlets more ascending; leaves of the upper plane Vs as long, ovate,
subacute, minutely denticulate on the inner side, rather entire on the
outer side, keeled. Spikes square or nearly so, short, to 4 mm. long,
1 mm. diam.; sporophylla erecto-patent, broadly ovate, subacute, minutely
and sparingly denticulate, those of the upper plane to 1 mm. long, of the
lower plane hardly smaller; macrospores yellowish, smooth; microspores
orange-coloured, smooth.

New Guinea.

(4) S. eaespilosa, Spt^ng, Mon., II, 90; Bk., Fern All., 36;
Lycopodium caespitosum, Bl, Enum., 270.

Shoots decumbent, densely caespitose, 4 — IVi cm. long, pinnately
branched, the stem very slender, quadrangular, matted; branches slightly
compound, forked. Leaves dimorphous; of the lower plane close, suborbi-
cular or obovate, horizontal, 1 — IV4 mm. long, nearly as broad, obtuse,
entire, flat, pale-green, soon yellowish, rigid in texture, subdecurrent on
the upper side at the base, with a distinct midrib, of the upper plane
much smaller, Vs — 'A as long, roundish-ovate or obovate, obtuse, parallel,
with a distinct midrib, the base narrowed, subdecurrent. Spikes unknown.

Java.

(5) S. serpens, Spring, Mon., II, 102; Lycopodium serpens, Desv.,
Enc. Bot., Suppl., Ill, 553, p. p.

Shoots trailing, dichotomous, densely caespitose, the secondary shoots
4 — 12 cm. long, pinnate, the stem 'A mm. thick, somewhat compressed,
convex on the back, angled on the face (when dry more or less deeply
2-sulcate down the face, slightly so beneath), 3 — 4 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves; pinnae varying from subspreading to erecto-patent,
approximate to remote, the higher the shortest, simple or forked, the
lower or central the largest, 2 — 3 cm. long, pinnate again; pinnulae

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. DECUMBENTES. 65

simple or forked; ultimate branchlets to 5 mm. long, 2 — 3 mm. broad
including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous ; leaves of the lower
plane subspreading or more or less ascending, more or less involute in
drought, somewhat remote on the stem, imbricated on the branchlets;
of the stem short-oblong, VU — 2 mm. long, nearly as broad near the base,
blunt at the apex, rounded or somewhat cordate at the base, nearly
equal-sided, with the upper edge obsoletely denticulate towards the apex,
ciliolate in the lower part, the lower edge obsoletely denticulate towards
the apex, ciliolate at the base ; of the branchlets similar but smaller and
relatively narrower; leaves of the upper plane erect, adpressed; of the
stem remote, oblong or subovate, 2 mm. long, shortly apiculato-acuminate,
very obliquely (nearly longitudinally) attached at the base, both sides
very narrowly pellucid-margined, minutely piloso-denticulate, the inner
base rotundate-cuneate, the outer base produced, cordate, ciliolate; of the
branchlets similar, smaller. Spikes erect, square, terminal or lateral,
single or double, 3 — 6 mm. long, 1 mm. diam. ; sporophylla ascending,
isomorphous, cordate-oblong, to 2 mm. long, acute, subacuminate, the
lower more laxly disposed, irregularly and sparingly striolatod with
longitudinal rows of dark-green cells, both edges minutely piloso-denticulate ;
macrospores ivory-white, smooth; microspores pale or orange, provided
with scattered, nearly regularly placed, obtusely conical or shortly cylin-
drical projections which are sometimes more or less thickened at the
apex. — The description is taken from a cultivated specimen determined
by Hieronymus.

In cultivation. — Orig. loc: West Indian Islands.

(6) S. Sichiiinanni, Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 26.
Shoots creeping, the loose branching between dichotomous and pinnate ;
main rachis 5 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets
2— 3 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral leaves somewhat obliquely
ovate, spreading, shortly acuminate, the upper side minutely denticulate
towards the apex, gradually shortly ciliate towards the rounded base,
the lower side minutely denticulate towards the apex, sparingly ciliolate
at the subtruncate-cuneate base, the leaves of the main rachis the largest}
somewhat remote, 2V2 mm. long by I'A mm. broad, those of the branchlets
close, to I'A mm. long; intermedial leaves obliquely ovate, long-aristate-
acuminate, minutely denticulate on both sides, the outer base rounded,
the inner base rotundate-cuneate, the largest leaves TA mm. long, the
Fern Allies. 5

66 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. al DECUMBENTES.

CQsg Vj— V« as long as the blade. Spikes 5 — 6 mm. long, squai-e, IVs mm.
diam. ; sporophylla nearly isomorphous, ovate, aristate-acuminate, minutely
denticulate, keeled, the largest Vit — 2 mm. long; macrospores cream-
yellow, provided with moderately thick rumples on the basal side;
microspores yellow, provided with sparingly scattered, sessile, capitate
projections on the basal side.
New Guinea.

(7) S. ceratoeanlofii, e. a. r. n^ Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 41.

Shoots ascending from a short-creeping base, to 10 cm. long, dicho-
toraous at the base, the stem V* mm. thick, compressed when dry;
branches pinnate, with the rachis SVt — 5 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves; pinnae remote, ascending, to IV2 cm. long, simple or forked, or
the largest sparingly subpinnate; ultimate branchlets to 1 cm. long, to
3V» mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral leaves nearly equal-sided,
oblong, hardly falcate, shortly acuminate, minutely denticulate on both
sides, obliquely rotundate or rotundate-cuneate at the base ; of the main
rachises 2 — 2'/* mm. long, to IV4 mm. broad, somewhat remote, spreading;
of the branchlets to 2 mm. long and V2 as broad, more ascending,
subcontiguous to imbricate; intermedial leaves erect, oblong, acuminate,
narrowly pellucid-margined and minutely denticulate on both sides, the
inner base more or less cuneate, the outer base producto-rotundate and
provided with 0—3 short ciliae ; of the main rachises somewhat remote,
IVj mm. long; of the branchlets imbricate, shorter. Spikes terminal,
solitary, square, 1 — 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla triangular-ovate, acute,
keeled, minutely denticulate and pellucid-margined, at length spreading,
the largest Vi mm. long; macrospores numerous, white, smooth; micro-
spores

Java.

a. HoinoeostochyS. 3. nadteantes.

1. Lateral leaves entire, at best obsoletdy denticulate at the base.

• Ultimate branchlets under 7 'A mm. broad. (8) S. uncinata.

•• Ultimate branchlets more than 7Vt mm. broad. (9) S. alopecuroides.
l.f . Lateral leaves more distinctly denticulate or ciliate, at least on one side

at the base.

103. SELAGINELLA. A". MONOSTELICAE. a». RADICANTES. 67

9. Intermedial leaves blunt or acute, at best shortly acuminate.

f Blmit or bluntish. (10) S. Brooksii.

f f Aaite or shortly acuminate.

X Lateral leaves remote on tfie main stem. (11) S. remotifolia.
XX Late^-al leaves contiguous or subcontiguous on the main
stem. (12) S. confertissima.

*.». Intermedial leaves long-cuMminate to cuspidate.

a. Lateral leaves to 2 mm. long on the branchlets.

X Lateral leaves of the main stem cuneate or rounded on
the upper side at the base.

+ Lateral leaves ciliate or ciliolate, at least at the base,
(f Intermedial leaves entire, at best denticulate.

(13) S. rugulosa.
cf cf Intermedial leaves ciliate or ciliolate, at least on
one side at the base. (14) S. acutangula.

++ Lateral leaves not ciliate, at best denticulate.
9 Intermedial leaves shortly cuspidate.

(15) S. repens.
9 9 Intermedial lea/ves long-cuspidate.

(16) S. longirostris.
XX Lateral leaves of the main stem cordate or truncate on
the upper side at tlie base.

A Intermedial leaves of tJie stem rounded or truncate
on the outer side at the base. (17) S. langirensis.
A A Intermedial leaves of the stem auriculate-cordate on
the outer side at the base.

D Macrospores 4 in a macrosporangium, icith the
apex provided with 3 radiating ribs.

(18) S. brachyblepharis.
DD Macrospores 1 — 2 in a macrosporangium, tlie
apex without radiating ribs.

(62) S. sungemagneana.
3,3. Lateral leaves more than 2 mm. long on the branchlets.
S. Lateral leaves at best serrulate-ciliokUe.

A Macrospores 1 — 2 in a macrosporangium, the apex
without radiating ribs.

D Pinnulae simple or forked. (19) S. Springiana.
DD Pinnulae 1 — 2-pinnate. (54) S. Grabowskyi.

68 103. SELAGtNELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. Sl". RADICANTES.

A A Macrospores 4 in a macrosporangium, with the apex
provided with 3 radiating ribs.
O Lateral leaves without spurious veinlets.

0 Intermedial leaves of the principal rachises

with the produced basal auricle, if present,

not incurved. (20) S. Dielsii.

(X) Intermedial leaves^ of the principal rachises

with the produced basal auricle hamate-

incurvate. (21) S. lonko-batu.

O O Lateral leaves provided with spurious veinlets

consisting of rotvs of sclerotic cells.

(22) S. atroviridis.

(23) S. sumatrana.
4.4. Lateral leaves more distinctly ciliate, at least on one side

at the base (').

&. Intermedial leaves of the main stem not ciliate, at
best minutely denticulate. (24) S. sarawakensis.

5.5. Intermedial leaves of the main stem ciliate or ciliolate,
at least on one side at the base.
«. Lateral leaves of the main stem rather close.

(25) S. auriculata.
e.6. Lateral leaves of the main stem rather spaced.

(26) S. longaristata.

(8) S. uncinata, Spring, Mon., II, 109; Bk., Fern All., 48; S.
caesia, hort.; Lycopodium uncinatum, Desv., Enc. Bot., Suppl. Ill, 558;
L. caesium, hort.

Shoots caespitose, trailing to a length of 30 — 60 cm., often dichotomous
from the base, with a long-excurrent, caudiform tip and alternate, short,
pinnately arranged, compound, pinnato-dichotomous, more or less ascending
or spreading branches, the stem slender, pale-stramineous, 2-sulcate down
the face; ultimate branchlets 4—6 mm. broad. Leaves dimorphous, firm,
the lateral ones crowded on the branchlets, very remote on the stem,
horizontal, bright-green, blue-iridescent on the upper side, ovate-oblong,
2 — 8 mm. long, Vz — Va as broad, subacute, entire, subequilateral, pellucid-

(>) See also (19) 8. Springlana v. A. v. R.

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. RADICANTES. 69

margined, rounded or subcordate at the base, those of the stem the
largest; leaves of the upper plane Vs as long, oblique-oblong, erect, entire,
shortly acuminate to cuspidate, pellucid-margined, subcordate at the base,
the outer base hardly produced. Spikes square, 6 — 1272 mm. long, 2Vj
mm. diam. ; sporophylla crowded, ascending, ovate-lanceolate, 2V2 mm.
long, keeled; macrospores yellowish-white, irregularly verruculose with
free or connected tuberculiform projections; microspores provided with
minute crest-like projections on the basel side and encricled by an equa-
torial belt consisting of spiniform or dilated, truncated, bacilliform pro-
tuberances.

In cultivation, and gone wild. — Orig. loc: China.

(9) S. alopecuroides, jbis., Fern All., 77.

Shoots ascending, above 30 cm. long, with several ascending, simple
or 2 — 3-furcate branches. Leaves of the lower plane crowded, oblique-
lanceolate, 8 — 10 mm. long, produced on the upper side at the base,
with a lai-ge cordate auricle imbricated over the rachis, moderately firm
in texture, bright-green, not ciliated ; leaves of the upper plane ovate,
ascending, much imbricated, 3 — 3 'A mm. long, not cuspidate. Spikes
square, VU — 2V2 cm. long, 4— 4V4 mm. diam., 2^3-nate from the tip of
the branches; sporophylla rigid, ovate, acuminate, erecto-patent, strongly
keeled.

Specimens occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium are distinguished
by the following characters not mentioned in Baker's diagnosis: Shoots
ascending from a probably creeping base, pinnate quite to the base;
pinnae to 20 or rarely to 30 cm. long, simple, forked, dichotomous or
slightly pinnate, the lowest pinnae whether or not elongated, rooting and
growing out to new shoots; main and secondary rachises terete or obtusely
quadrangular. Leaves of the lower plane horizontal or subspreading,
falcate, sublinear, rather bluntish, spuriously nerved, pale-gUttering beneath,
with the upper side pellucid-margined, entire, obsoletely denticulate at
the broadly rotundate-subcordate or rotundate-cuneate base, the lower
side entire except towards the very minutely denticulate apex; leaves of
the upper plane 3 — 5 mm. long, more or less acuminate, pellucid-margined,
minutely denticulate, rotundate-cuneate at the base, those of the main
rachis not or hardly imbricate. Spikes 1 — 6 cm. long, 3 — 4V2 mm. diam.;
sporophylla ovate-subulate, pellucid-margined, minutely serrulate; macro-
spores yellowish-white, rather coarsely rugose with flexuose, branched

70 103. SBLAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. RADICANTES.

or connected rumples, the apical ribs encircled by a ring-shaped crest;
microspores dirty-yelluW or pale-orange, provided with bacilliform or
stipitate-capitate projections on the basal side. — Two distinct forms:

Forma angustior: Stem and branches 10 — 15 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves which are 5 — 7Vs mm. long and 2 — 3 mm. broad;
leaves of the upper plane much acuminated.

Forma latior (typica): Stem and branches 16 — 20 mm. broad including
the lateral loaves which are 8 — 10 mm. long and 3 — 4 mm. broad; leaves
of the upper plane slightly acuminated.

Borneo.

(10) S. Brookiili, JKerow., Hedwi., LI, 252.

Shoots decumbent, subascending towards the apex, 20 — 45 cm. long,
simple or one or more times forked above the base, otherwise pinnate,
the stem compressed, 2-sulcate down the face, flattened on the back, the
pinnae erecto-patent, simple or branched again, the branching between
simply pinnate and copiously dichotomous, very regularly foliate, as are
the stem and main rachis, the ultimate branchlets rather suberect, 2 — 6
cm. long, 8 — 16 mm. broad, the stem, rachis and penultimate rachises
broader, even to 20 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of
the lower plane conspicuously crowded, contiguous or slightly remote on
the stem and primary branches, imbricate on the branchlets, horizontally
spreading, the higher rather erecto-patent; of the main stem sometimes
somewhat deflexed, unequal-sided, oblong, hardly falcate, to 9 mm. long,
to 4 mm. broad at the base, blunt or subacute at the apex, dilated and
cordate on the upper side at the base, rounded on the lower side, the
upper surface dark-green, the lower pale-glittering and distinctly spuriously
nerved on both sides of the midrib, the upper side pellucid-margined and
very minutely denticulate, the lower side entire, but obsoletely denticulate
at the apex and the base; those of the ultimate branchlets similar but
smaller, 4 — 8 mm. long, IVs— 2V2 mm. broad, less cordate on the upper
side, rotundate-cuneate on the lower side at the base ; leaves of the upper
plane much smaller, imbricated, obovate, the largest 3Vj — 4V2 mm. long,
rounded or bluntish at the apex, the edge very minutely denticulate, the
outer base produced, cordate-auriculate, .subhamate-incurvate, the inner
base rounded or slightly cordate. Spikes solitary or 2 — S-nate, nearly
square, 1 — 3V2 cm. long, 2V2 — 3 mm. diam.; sporophylla uniform but those
of the lower plane somewhat larger, triangular-ovate, erecto-patent, imbri-

103. SELAGINBLLA. A". MONOSTELICAE. a'. EADICANTES. 71

cate, acute or acuminate, minutely denticulate, pellucid- or pale-margined,
the largest 2 'A — 3 mm. long; macrospores yellowish-white, strongly
regulose, the projections free, flexuose, branched or reticulate, the apical
ribs encircled by a ring-shaped crest; microspores dirty-yellow or pale-
orange, provided with needle-like or stipitate-capitate projections on the
basal side.

Borneo, ? Sumbawa (Coifs).

(11) S. remotifolia, Spring, PI. Jungh., 276; S. invohicrcUa,
Warb., Mons., I, 113.

Shoots wide-trailing, or ascending towards the apex, pinnate, the
main stem (rachis) 1 — I'A mm. thick, stramineous, irregularly angled or
grooved when dry, 7 — 8 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae
remote, oblique, to 10 cm. long, or longer and growing out to new shoots,
the longest 2 — 3-pinnate; branchlets to 1 cm. long or longer, 3 — 5 mm.
broad. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral leaves remote on the stem,
approximate to imbricate on the branchlets ; of the stem horizontal or
subdeflexed, obliquely ovate, bluntish, the upper side very minutely
denticulate, broadly rounded at the base, the lower side very minutely
denticulate in the upper part, entire towards the more narrowly rounded
or rotundate-subtruncate base, the largest leaves 3 — 3'/j mm. long by 2
mm. broad; of the branchlets nearly similar but rather elongate-oblong,
less unequal-sided, submucronulate, rotundate-cuneate at the base, the
largest leaves 2V2 mm. long by 1 mm. broad; intermedial leaves erect;
of the stem remote, ovate, rather acuminate, slightly keeled, the inner
side more or less obscurely denticulate, rotundate or rotundate-subcordate
at the base, the outer side subentire, much produced and auriculate-
cordate at the base, the largest leaves SVa mm. long; of the branchlets
rather imbricate, smaller, the inner side more distinctly denticulate,
rotundate-cuneate at the base. Spikes short, square, 1 — Vz mm. diam.^
with a few sterile bracts at the base, bearing a single macrosporangium
and several microsporangia ; lower sporophylla largest, to 3 mm. long,
ovate-lanceolate, denticulate, higher smaller, hardly 1 ''2 mm. long, lanceolate,
acute, keeled, minutely denticulate; macrospores rather large, reticulate,
the apical ribs encircled by a ring-shaped crest; microspores provided
with scattered or closely seriated, deciduous or persistent, tuberculiform
or subglobose projections on the basal side.

Java, Sumatra; Japan.

72 103. SELAGINELLA. Ai. MONOSTELICAE. a'. KADICANTES.

(12) li. coiifertissima, «. a. r. jr.. Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 23.
Shoots more or less decumbent to subascending, ascending towards

the apex, 15—30 cm. long, branched from the base, the stem flattened,
2-sulcate on both sides, the branching between pinnate and dichotomous,
more or less erecto-patent to suberect, the ultimate branchlets 1 — 7 cm.
long, 5 — 7 ram. broad, the main rachis to 10 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves. Leaves dimorphous on both stem and branches; lateral
leaves horizontally spreading or nearly so, contiguous and imbricated on
the branches, slightly remote or contiguous on the stem, pale-glittering
•beneath, oblong, bluntish or subacute, hardly falcate, rather straight,
hardly dilated near the base, the base rotundate-cordate on both sides,
or rotundato-truncate on the lower side, the upper edge minutely den-
ticulate throughout, the lower edge entire but indistinctly denticulate
towards the apex and the base ; of the stem 4— 5 mm. long, to 2 mm.
broad; of the ultimate branchlets 2V2 — 3 'A mm. long, 1 — IV4 mm. broad
near the base; intermedial leaves erected, imbricate, oblong-ovate or
-obovate, to 2 mm. long, unequal-sided, rather suddenly acuminate or
shortly cuspidate at the apex, minutely denticulate on both sides, the
base oblique, narrowly rounded or retundate-cuneate on the inner side,
produced and auriculate-cordate, slightly hamato-incurvate on the outer
side. Spikes single or double, terminal or axillar, to IV2 cm. long, sub-
quadrangular, 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla isomorphous, ovate, acute, keeled,
minutely denticulate, erecto-patent, those of the lower plane somewhat
larger, VU mm. long, the lower finally somewhat spreading; macrospores
yellowish-white, verruculose-rugulose, the projections free, branched or
connected, the apical ribs encircled by a ring-like crest; microspores dirty-
yellow or pale-orange, sparingly provided with subcylindrical projections.
Borneo.

(13) !i. rugulosa, Ce»., Fel. di 6or., 85.

Shoots decumbent, 30 cm. long, sometimes forked in the lower part,
the upper part pinnately compound, the main rachis 5 'A mm. broad
including the lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets SVa — 4 mm. broad. Leaves
of the lower plane very unequal-sided, oblong, the largest 2'/2 mm. long,
hardly PA mm. broad near the base, subfalcate, subobtuse or subacute,
rather dark-green, minutely denticulate on both sides towards the apex,
the upper side the broadest, subspinuloso-ciliate in the lower half, much
produced and rounded at the base, the lower side narrower, entire or

103. SELAGINELLA. A". MONOSTELICAE. a'. BADICANTES. 73

nearly so and cuneato at the base ; of the upper plane ovate or oblong-
ovate, the largest 2 mm. long, V* mm. broad in the lower half, the outer
base produced, auriculate-cordate, the edges more or less sparingly den-
ticulate, the apex long-cuspidate, the cusp Vs — V2 as long as the blade.
Spikes 3 — 5 mm. long, 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla slightly dimorphous,
subdeltoid, equal-sided, shortly aristate, piloso-denticulate ; those of the
lower plane nearly pale-green, the largest Vk mm. long, 'A mm. broad
near the base; of the upper plane somewhat darker, shorter and narrower;
macrospores nearly orange-coloured, slightly rugulose, the projections
whitish, sometimes reticulate, the apex without radiating ribs, encircled
by g, crown-like ring; microspores probably wanting.
Borneo.

(14) S. aciitangula, Sprina, Mon., II, 206; Bk., Fern All., 75.
Shoots procumbent, 15 cm. long, closely pinnate, the stem unequally

quadrangular; pinnae ascending, copiously pinnate; pinnulae short, once
or twice forked. Leaves heteromorphous ; leaves of the lower plane rather
spaced on both stem and branches; of the stem spreading, moderately
firm, unequal-sided, rhomboidal-oblong, 2 — 2V2 mm. long and V2 as broad,
rather spuriously veined and somewhat pellucid-margined, the upper side
sparingly denticulate or even entire towards the apex, remotely ciliated
towards the rather rounded base, the lower side entire, narrowly truncate-
cuneate at the base; of the branchlets similar, subacute, less unequal-
sided, more rotundate-cuneate at the base, the largest Vln mm. long;
leaves of the upper plane 'A — V2 as long, broadly oblong, long-cuspidate,
rather pellucid-margined, sparingly denticulate towards the apex, remotely
ciliate towards the base, the outer base produced, cordate, the inner
base cordate or rotundate. Spikes copious, square, r/2— 2 mm. diam.;
sporophylla ovate, acute, keeled, denticulate, rather pellucid-margined. —
Probably identical with S. plumea Spring.
Malacca.

(15) S. repens, r. A. ». «., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 42.

Shoots trailing, sometimes forked in the lower part, otherwise pinnate,
the main rachis 'A — 1 mm. thick, 4V2 — 5V2 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves; pinnae compound, to 7V2 cm. long, the branching partly pinnate,
partly dichotomous, with crowded suberect branches; ultimate branchlets
to 2 cm. long, 2 'A — SVj mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous; leaves of

74 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a^ RADICANTE3.

the lower plane remote on the main rachis, contiguous on the branchlets;
of the main rachis more or less spreading, oblong, 3 mm. long, Vj as
broad, blunt or bluntish, entire or subentire towards the apex, minutely
denticulate on the upper side in the lower part, obliquely rotundate to
cuneate at the base; of the secondary rachises similar but more falcate,
somewhat narrower, more or less indistinctly spuriously veined, more
narrowed at the base ; of the branchlets similar, more ascending, smaller,
to 2 mm. long; leaves of the upper plane erect, shortly cuspidate,
somewhat keeled ; of the main rachis subremote, broadly oblong, to 2 mm.
long, very minutely denticulate, obliquely rotundate-cordate at the base;
of the branchlets similar, smaller, oblong, entire or nearly so, the outer
base cordate and somewhat produced, the inner base rotundate-cuneate.
Spikes solitary, square, to 2 cm. long, 1 V2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla erecto-
patent, ovate, acuminate, minutely denticulate, keeled, the largest Vk mm.

long; macrospores ? microspores yellowish, provided with tuber-

culiform, subconical, capitate or stipitate-capitate projections on the basal
side. — Largest secondary shoots of the dichotomous forms whether or
not flagellate at the apex of both sterile and fertile ultimate branchlets
and growing out to now shoots.
Borneo.

(16) S. lonsirostriis, e. A. r. n.. Bull. Btz., 1918, XI, 25.

Shoots decumbent, 20 cm. more or less long, pinnately compound,
whether or not forked at the base, the stem 5 — 6 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves, the ultimate branchlets 2V2 — 3 mm. broad. Leaves
heteromorphous ; lateral leaves somewhat remote on the stem, contiguous
on the branchlets ; of the stem varying from spreading to slightly deflexed,
unequal-sided, lanceolate-oblong, 2% — 3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, bluntish,
the upper side entire or subentire towards the apex, denticulate in the
lower part, whether or not ciliolate at the broadly rounded or subcordate
base, the lower side entire, or minutely and sparingly denticulate at the
narrowly rounded base ; of the branchlets similar but smaller, the largest
r/2— 1'/4 mm. long, more ascending, less unequal-sided, rather narrowly
rotundate-cuneate at the base; intermedial leaves erect; of the stem
remote, oblong, 2V« — 3 mm. long, cuspidate, denticulate, obliquely cordate
at the base or the inner base rotundate to rotundate-cuneate, the outer
base produced, the cusp as long as the blade or somewhat longer; of the
branchlets similar but smaller, imbricate, more narrowly rotundate-cuneate

103. SELAGINBLLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a>. RADICANTES. 75

on the inner side at the base. Spikes solitary or double, I'A— 2 mm.
diam.; sporophylla ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, minutely denticulate,
ascending, at length spreading; macrospores 2 in a macrosporangium,
whitish, more or less rugulose on the basal side, the apex flattened,
without radiating ribs, encircled by a ring-shaped crest; microspores
probably wanting,
Borneo.

(17) S. Ian$;irensls, v. A. e. Jl., Bull. Btz., WIS, XI, 26; S.

longaristata, v. A. v. R. (not Hieron.), Bull. Btz., ]9ll, I, 16.

Shoots ascending from a decumbent base, 15 — 20 cm. long, rather
copiously pinnate, the stem 1 — 2 mm. thick, sulcate or convex on the
face, convex on the back, 6 — 7 mm. broad including the lateral leaves;
pinnae to 10 cm. long, pinnately compound; ultimate branchlets 3 mm.
broad. Leaves of the lower plane spaced on the stem, subcontiguous on
the branchlets; of the stem spreading or deflexed, very unequal-sided,
oblong, bluntish, indistinctly spuriously veined, the upper side serrulate,
obsoletely denticulate towards the apex, gradually spinuloso-ciliolate towards
the broadly cordate base, the lower side entire, obsoletely denticulate
towards the apex, rotundate or subcordate at the base, the upper surface
sparingly minutely spinulose towards the lower edge, the largest leaves
3 — 4 mm. long and '/j as broad ; of the secondary rachises similar but
the ciliae longer; of the ultimate branchlets nearly equal-sided, blunt,
more distinctly spuriously veined, for the rest similar to those of the
stem but the upper side rather spuriously margined, rotundate-cuneate at
the base, the lower side rather rounded at the base, the upper surface
not invariably spinulose near the lower edge, the largest leaves 2 mm.
long; leaves of the upper plane erect, spaced on the stem, imbricate on
the ultimate branchlets; of the stem oblong, cuspidate-acuminate, remotely
spinuloso-serrulate, obliquely rotundate-truncate at the base, the largest
leaves 2V2 mm. long, the cusp V2 as long as the blade; of the ultimate
branchlets similar but much smaller, with the cusp proportionally longer,
the edges remotely serrulate, the outer base narrowly rounded, the inner
base rotundate-cuneate. Spikes short, 1 V2 — 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla sub-
isomorphous, ovate, acute, keeled, minutely denticulate, the ventral ones
somewhat larger than the others, to 2 mm. long; macrospores white,
only 2 in a macrosporangium, finely and densely rugulose, the apex
flattened, without radiating ribs, encircled by a ring-shaped crest; mi-

76 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. al RADICANTES.

crospores yellowish, provided with bacilliform or stipitate-capitate projections
on the basal side.
Banca.

(18) S. brachyblcpharis, e. A. e. n.. Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 24.

Shoots more or less decumbent to subascending, ascending towards
the apex, 15 — 30 cm. long, pinnate, or dichotomous with pinnate secondary
shoots; main rachis subterete, somewhat compressed, 5 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves; pinnae erecto-patent, various in length, short or to
10 cm. long; pinnulae simple, forked or sparingly pinnate; branchlets to
IVj cm. long, to 3 mm. broad. Leaves of the lower plane remote on the
main rachis, close or approximate on the branchlets ; of the main rachis
horizontal, very unequal-sided, 4 mm. long, I'A mm. broad, blunt or
bluntish, the upper side minutely denticulate, or subentire towards the
apex, imbricate over the rachis and ciliolate towards the very cordate
base, the lower side entire, or ciliolate-denticulate at the narrow, slightly
cordate base, subentire towards the apex; those of the branchlets ascending,
elliptical-oblong, nearly equal-sided, the largest 2 mm. long, hardly more
than Vj mm. broad, acute or submucronulate, rounded or rotundate-cuneate
at the base, margined with more or less distinct spurious veinlets, the
upper side ciliolate towards the base, subentire towards the apex, the
lower side entire, with 0 — 4 short or tooth-like ciliae at the base; leaves
of the upper plane erect ; of the main rachis close, broadly oblong, 8 mm.
long, nearly abruptly long-cuspidate, more or less minutely denticulate
especially on the outer side at the base, obliquely cordate at the base,
the outer base broad, much produced, hamato-incurvate, the cusp 'A — Vs
as long as the blade ; those of the branchlets similar, imbricate, smaller,
acuminate-cuspidate, with the outer side pellucid-margined, less conspicuously
produced and more narrowly cordate at the base, the auricle rather
entire, the inner base cuneate. Spikes mostly solitary, short, to 1 cm.
long, 2 mm. diam., nearly square; sporophylla erecto-patent, imbricate,
ovate, acute or somewhat acuminate, minutely denticulate, pellucid-
margined, keeled, of the lower plane somewhat larger, IVj mm. long;
macrospores whitish, rugulose with short or elongated, straight, flexuose,
branched or reticulate rumples, the apical ribs encircled by a hardly
elevated ring-shaped crest; microspores whitish or yellowish, provided
with bacilliform or stipitate-capitate projections.

Borneo.

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. RADICANTES. 77

(19) S. iipringiana, ». A. «. »., Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 28; S.

intermedia, Spring (not Hieron.), Mon., II, 128; S. atroviridis. Spring, Bk.,
Fern All., 77, p. p. ; S. Grabowskyi, v. A. v. R. (not Warb.), Bull. Btz.,
1911, I, 16, p. p.; (not Lycopodium intermedium, Bl.); — var. tumida,
V. A. V. R., 1913, 1. c.

Shoots procumbent, or ascending towards the apex, to 30 cm. long,
sparingly pinnate, or forked and pinnate, the stem rather unequally
quadrangular, concave on the face and sides, or convex on the face,
convex on the back, regularly foliate, as are the branches ; pinnae erecto-
patent ; pinnulae erecto-patent, once or twice forked with short branchlets.
Leaves firm; leaves of the lower plane subhorizontal and somewhat
spaced on the stem, more ascending and close on the branchlets; of the
stem conspicuously unequal-sided, subfalcate-oblong, 4 — 5 mm. long, 'A as
broad at the base, acutate, the upper side more or less denticulate, or
entire at the centre, not rarely ciliolate to ciliate towards the broadly
rotundate-subcordate base, the lower side entire, or minutely denticulate
towards the apex, provided with 0 — 6 ciliate at the rather narrow base;
of the branchlets nearly similar, smaller, IV2 — 3 mm. long, less unequal-
sided, more or less rounded on the upper side at the base; leaves of the
upper plane erect; of the stem rather spaced, 3 mm. more or less long,
suborbicular-oblong or broadly obovate, abruptly long-cuspidate, denticulate
or ciliolate, or ciliate at the base, nearly keeled, the cusp often more
than V2 as long as the blade, the outer base conspicuously produced with
the auricle rotundate to hamato-incurvate ; of the branchlets similar,
smaller, imbricate. Spikes square, 5 — 15 mm. long; sporophylla ovate,
acute or acuminate, keeled, minutely ciliolate-serrulate ; macrospores
whitish, 2 in a macrosporangium, more or less densely rugulose with
short or elongated, flexuose, branched or connected rumples on the basal
side, the apex flattened, without radiating ribs, encircled by a crown-
shaped crest; microspores probably wanting.

Forma typica. — Western Malaya.

'Wa.v. tumida: Leaves of the upper plane attached by a produced
or subpeltate tumefaction between the basal lobes; the outer base less
produced, rather truncate-subcordate. — Banca.

(20) S. Wielsii, Hieron., Hedwi., LI, 254.

Shoots trailing, the lower part 10 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves, dichotomous, the upper part pinnate; pinnae to 7 mm. broad

78 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. RADICANTES.

towards the base, 3 mm. broad near the apex. Leaves heteromorphous ;
those of the lower plane horizontal on the main stem, spreading on the
branchlets ; of the stem approximate, unequal-sided, obliquely oval, bluntish,
submucronulato, rather pale beneath, the upper side more or less obsoletely
denticulate towards the apex, minutely denticulate and narrowly pellucid-
margined towards the broadly rounded base, the lower side entire, or
obscurely denticulate towards the apex, cuneate at the base, the largest
leaves to 5 mm. long and 2 mm. broad ; of the branchlets smaller, to
3 mm. long; of the upper plane unequal-sided, oblong, cuspidate, minutely
denticulate on both sides and slightly keeled towards the apex, auriculate-
cordate-rotundate at the outer base, rotundate-cuneate at the inner base,
the cusp Vs — Vs as long as the blade; of the stem the largest, 3 mm.
long, 1 mm. broad. Spikes solitary, nearly square, 2 — 5 cm. long, 3 mm.
diam. ; sporophylla equal-sided, deltoid-ovate, acuminate, keeled, minutely
piloso-denticulate, the posterior ones somewhat larger, to 2 mm. long
and V2 as broad; macrospores yellowish- white, obsoletely rugulose on the
basal side, the apical ribs encircled by an undulated, pellucid crest;
microspores pale-reddish, provided with crowded stipitate-capitate projec-
tions on the basal side.
Borneo.

(21) ii. lonko-batu, Mieron. 4< e. A. r. A., Bull. Btz., 1914,
XVI, 42.

Shoots creeping, flexuose, 25 — 30 cm. long, pinnate, the main and
secondary rachises stramineous, IV2 — 2 mm. thick, 6 — 8 mm. broad
including the lateral leaves; pinnae alternate, flexuose, short or elongate,
probably growing out to new shoots, pinnate; pinnulae simple, forked or
pinnate again; branchlets short, 4 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous;
lateral leaves horizontal or nearly so; of the main rachis contiguous or
subcontiguous, obliquely oblong, unequal-sided, to 4 mm. long, bluntish,
the upper edge minutely denticulate towards the apex and the broadly
rounded base, the lower edge entire, or subentire towards the apex and
sparingly denticulate at the narrowly rotundate-truncate base; of the
branchlets similar -but smaller, more crowded, 2 — 2V2 mm. long, narrowly
pellucid-margined on both sides, less unequal-sided, the upper base
rotundate-cuneate, the lower base narrowly rounded ; leaves of the upper
plane erect; of the main rachis more or less remote, 2Vj— 3 mm. long,
ovate to obovate-oblong, rather gradually cuspidate, rather keeled, more

i03. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELlCAE. a'. KADIOANTES. 79

or less copiously denticulate, the inner base cordate, the outer base
much produced, hamate-incurvate ; of the branchlets similar but smaller,
imbricate, rounded or rotundate-subcordate at the inner base, slightly
hamate at the outer base. Spikes solitary or double, IV2— 2 mm. diam. ;
sporophylla ovate, acuminate, denticulate, keeled, to IV2 mm. long;
macrospores yellow-brown or yellowish-white, indistinctly rugulose or
rather smooth, the apical ribs whether or not encircled by a slightly

elevated ring; microspores

Celebes.

(22) S. atroTiridiiS, Spring, Mon., II, 124; Bk., Fern All., 77;
Lycopodium atroviride, Wall., Hk. & Grev., Ic. Fil., tab. XXXIX.

Shoots more or -less decumbent to subascending, ascending towards
the apex, 15 — 30 cm. long, branched from the base, the stem 2-sulcate
down the face, flat on the back, the branching between pinnate and
dichotomous. Leaves of the lower plane close on both stem and branches
or somewhat spaced on the stem, spreading or rather ascending, rhomboid-
oblong, straight or subfalcate, 3V2 — 7V2 mm. long, IVi— 2V2 mm. broad,
those of the main stem the largest, more or less obtuse, dark-green above,
pale-glittering and spuriously veined beneath, unequal-sided, broadly rounded
or subcordate on the upper side at the base, very minutely denticulate
or subentire on the pale-margined upper side ; leaves of the upper plane
'A — V2 as long, oblong, ovate or obovate, minutely denticulate, rather
long-cuspidate, much imbricated, the inner base rounded or slightly cordate,
the outer base prominent, cordate, the cusp Vs — V2 as long as the blade.
Spikes square, 'A — 2V2 cm. long, 2 — 3 mm. diam.; sporophylla ascending,
or the lower subspreading, triangular-oblong, acuminate, entire or minutely
serrulate, distinctly keeled; macrospores 3 — 4 in a macrosporangium,
white, yellow or brown, irregularly verruculose, rugulose or somewhat
reticulate on the basal side, with 3 radiating ribs which are encircled by
by ring-shaped crest; microspores provided with bacilliform or stipitate-
capitate projections on the basal side.

Br. India and China to New Guinea.

(23) !ii. suiiiairana. Mieron. 4- «. A. *>. Jt., Bull. Btz., lOH.,
XVI, 43.

Like S. atroviridis Spring but the leaves of the lower plane relatively
narrower, more unequal-sided at the base, with the spurious veinlets

80 103. SELAGINELLA. Ai. MONOSTELICAE. a\ BADICANTES.

interrupted, and the upper side subentire towards the less blunt apex
and ciliolate-denticulate towards the base, the leaves of the upper plane
with the cusp longer, V* as long as the blade, the sporophylla elongate-
ovate, the microspores provided with needle-like or bacilliform projections
which are whether not thickened at the apex.
Sumatra.

(24) fi. sara^wakensist, EUero»., Hedwi., L, 13.

Shoots trailing, repeatedly dichotomous, the rachis of the primary
branches 10 mm. broad including the lateral leaves, the ultimate branchlets
5 mm. broad. Lateral leaves rather close; of the stem horizontal or
nearly so, unequal-sided, obliquely falcate-oblong, bluntish or subacute,
the upper side papilloso-denticulate, ciliolate at or towards the broadly
rounded base, the lower side obsoletely denticulate towards the apex,
ciliolate at the truncate-rotundate base, the midrib thickened towards the
apex, the largest leaves 5 — 5 'A mm. long and 2 mm. broad; of the
branchlets similar, subspreading, more rotundate-cuneate at the minutely
denticulate lower base, the largest leaves 3 — 314 mm. long; leaves of the
upper plane obliquely subfalcate-ovate, unequal-sided, cuspidate, minutely
ciliolate-denticulate on both sides ; of the stem 3 mm. long, with the inner
base narrowly rotundate-cordate, the outer base more broadly so and
more produced, the cusp V3 as long as the blade; of the branchlets
similar but smaller, more rounded on the inner side at the base. Spikes
solitary or double, 1 cm. more or less long, VU — VU mm. diam. ;
sporophylla subisomorphous, equal-sided, deltoid, shortly aristate-acuminate,
keeled, minutely denticulate, the ventral ones the largest, IV2 mm. long;
macrospores mostly 2 (never 4) in a macrosporangium, white, rugulose
with flexuose, branched or reticulate rumples, the apex without radiating
ribs, encircled by a lacerate-denticulate crown-like crest ; microspores pale-
yellow, sparingly provided with capitate projections on the basal side.

Borneo.

(25) S. auriculata, Spring, Mon., II, 108; Bk., Fern All., 48;
S. plumosa, Pr., Abh. Boehm. Ges., Ill, 583.

Shoots traiUng, 15 cm. long, the stem 2-sulcate down the face,
copiously pinnately branched; branches approximate, little compound.
Leaves of the lower plane close on both stem and branches, oblong-
lanceolate, 3 — 4 mm. long and 1 — 2 mm. broad, horizontal or rather
ascending, dark above, pale beneath, bluntish, spuriously veined, moderately

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. RADICANTES. 81

firm in texture, ciliated on both sides at the base, a little dilated-auricled
and slightly imbricated over the rachis on the upper side at the base,
with a distinct midrib, the higher nearly equal-sided; leaves of the upper
plane roundish-ovate, 1 — 2 mm. long, distinctly cuspidate, ciliate on both
sides at the base which is obliquely cordate and much produced on the
outer side. Spikes IV2 — 2V2 cm. long, 1 V« mm. diam. ; sporophylla crowded,
ovate, acuminate, entire, keeled; macrospores verruculose- or reticulate-
rugulose; microspores capitate-verruculose on the basal side. — A form
reported from Celebes (Christ, Fil. Saras., II, 218) has the branches mostly
simple, to 10 cm. long, with the lateral leaves 6 — 7 mm. long, and the
leaves of the upper plane 2 mm. each way.
Philippines, Celebes (?).

(26) Si. longarislata, Uieron., Hedwi., L, 16.

Shoots decumbent, often repeatedly forked in the lower part, pinnately
branched in the upper part, the rachises of the primary branches 10 mm.
broad including the lateral leaves, the ultimate branchlets 5 — 6 mm. broad.
Leaves of the lower plane spreading or subhorizontal, spaced on the main
stem, rather contiguous on the branchlets, unequal-sided, obliquely falcate-
oblong, broadest on the upper side; of the main stem the largest, to
4 — 5 mm. long and IV2 mm. broad, subacute, very minutely serrulate on
both sides towards the apex, ciliate on both sides at the base, the ciliae
of the upper base passing gradually into the serratures of the apex or
the upper edge entire at the centre, those of the lower base few, sometimes
wanting, the upper base broadly rounded or subcordate, the lower base
narrowly truncate ; of the branchlets to 3 mm. long, with the under
surface striated with 2 lines resembling spurious veins, the upper base
rotundate-cuneate ; leaves of the upper plane unequal-sided, long-cuspidate,
the largest 3 mm. long, nearly keeled, both sides denticulate towards
the apex, rather ciliate at or towards the base, the outer base cordate,
the inner base shortly cordate or rotundate-cuneate, the cusp Vs as long
as the blade. Spikes nearly square, 4 — 6 mm. long, 2 mm. diam. ;
sporophylla deltoid, equal-sided, acute, narrowly pellucid-margined, piloso-
denticulate, the ventral ones somewhat larger than the others, to VU mm.
long; macrospores 1 — 2 in a macrosporangium, white, rugulose with
flexuose or reticulate ridges, the apex without radiating ribs, encircled
by a ring-shaped ridge or crest; microspores probably wanting.

Borneo, Billiton, Banca, Malacca.

Fern Allies. 6

82 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELlCAE.

a. HoiUOeOStachyS. 4. Ascendentes.

M. Intermedial leaves of the stem blunt at the apex. (27) S. Cumingiana.
£.1. Intermedial leaves of the stem acute to cuspidate at the apex.
2. SporophyUa entire or sparingly denticulate-serrulate.

A Lateral leaves at least partly, but distinctly, denticulate-serrulate.

O Spikes rather slender. (28) S. longipes.

OO Spikes rather stout. (29) S. Quadrasii.

A A Lateral leaves entire or nearly so. (30) S. integrifolia.

».*. SporophyUa more copiously denticulate-serrulate.

3. Lateral leaves of the main rachis more or less copiously ciliate
or ciliolate, at least on 1 side at the base.
a. Intermedial leaves of the principal rachises cordate or
semicordate at the base, the produced auricle distinctly
hamato-incurvate.

X Two incurved auricles. (31) S. banajaoensis.

XX Only one incurved auricle.

4- Primary branches simple or pinnate.

(32) S. infantensis.
++ Primary branches 2 — 3-pinnate.

D Lateral leaves of the stipe erect or suberect;
spikes 1 — Vk mm. diam.
O Branchlets 2—4 mm. broad.

(33) S. Neei.
OO Branchlets 4 — 5 mm. or more broad.

(34) S. Fenixii.

nn Lateral leaves of the stipe more or less

spreading, or t}ie spikes stouter.

V Intermedial leaves entire or at best

minutely denticulate. (35) S. Bacanii.

VV Intermedial leaves ciliate or ciliolate, at

least at the base.

<f Lateral leaves of the stipe ascending
or erect. (36) S. sibuyanensis.

d'd' Lateral leaves of the stipe spreading,
or the loicer more ascending.

(37) S. Toppingii.
a.a. Intermedial leaves of the principal rachises whether or

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a\ ASCENDENTES. 83

not cordate at the base, the produced auricle, if present,
not hamate-incurvate.

b. Lateral leaves of the principal rachises cuneate or
rotundate-cuneate on the upper side at the base.
• Lateral leaves of the branchlets entire.

(38) S. halconensis.
*• Lateral leaves of the branchlets more or less
denticulate or ciliolate, at least on the upper side
at the base. (39) S. Sancti Antonii.

b.h. Lateral leaves of the principal rachises rotundate to
auriculate-cordate on the upper side at the base.
c. Intermedial leaves of principal rachises not
ciliate. (40) S. Kerstingii.

C.C, Intermedial leaves of principal rachises ciliate,
at least on 1 side at the base.
d. Lateral leaves of ultimate branchlets 1 — 2
mm. long.
e. Relatively small plants.

(41) S. flmbrillifera.
e.e. Large or middle-sized plants.

f. SporophyUa not peUucid-marg-
ined. (42) S. Meyenii.

f.f. SporophyUa more or less pellucid
margined.

g. Intermedial leaves of branch-
lets short-cuspidate.

(43) S. fallax.
g,g. Intermedial leaves of branch-
lets long-cuspidate.
h. Lateral leaves of the stipe
rather erect, at best the
higher more spreading.
(44) S. Ramosii.
fc.lb. Lateral leaves of the stipe
horizontal or spreading.
(45) S. plumea.
d.d. Lateral leaves of ultimate branchlets 2 — 4
mm. long.

84 103. SELAGINELLa. a*. MONOSl'ELtCAE. a^. ascendeMtes.

o spikes slender, 1 — iVs mm. diam.

(46) S. Gregoryi.
OO Spikes stouter, Vli—2 mm. diam.
X Lateral leaves entire or subentire
toioards the apex.
-=- Lateral leaves spuriously
nerved. (47) S. similis.

-4--=- Lateral leaves not spuriously
nerved. (48) S. Moszkowskii.
AX Lateral leaves minutely denticu-
late toioards the apex.
-f Lateral leaves of main rachis
rotundate-cuneate on the
loicer side at the base.

(49) S. Wigmanii.
-^-f Lateral leaves of main rachis

not rotundate-cuneate on the
lower side at the base.

(50) S. Copelandii.
d.d.d. Lateral leaves more than 4 mm. long.

(51) S. graudis.
3.3. Lateral leaves of the main rachis entire or at best minutely
denticulate-serrulate.
4L. Ultimate branchlets 10 — 20 mm. or more broad.

O Lateral leaves croicded on both stem and branches.

(9) S. alopecuroides.
OO At least lower lateral leaves of main rachis spaced.

(52) S. magniflca.
4.<f. Ultimate branchlets 1 — 10 mm. or less broad.

S. Intermedial leaves of principal rachises tcith at least
the outer base produced and distinctly incurvate-
(hamate-)auriculate (').

a. Lateral leaves of ultimate branchlets to 3 mm.
long.

/3. Lateral leaves of principal rachises cuneate
or rounded on the upper side at the base.

(>) See also (62) S. snngemagneana and (G3) 9. blllltonensis v. A. v. B.

103. SELAGINELLA. A-. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES. 85

7- Macrospores 1—2 in a macrosporan-
gium, without apical ribs.
S. Intermedial leaves of main rachis
not, or at best shortly, cuspidate.
(53) S. bluuensis.
^■^- Intermedial leaves of main rachis
rather long-cuspidate.
«• Ultimate branchlets to 4 mm.
broad. (54) S. Grabowskyi.
«•«• Ultimate branchlets 4—6 mm.
broad. (55) S. sibogana.

7-7. Macrospores 4 in a macrosporangium,
with 8 radiating apical ribs.
^- Pinnulae simple.

(56) S. paraguana.

S-S. Largest pinnulae more compound.

(57) S. parvifolia.

/3./3. Lateral leaves of principal rachises auriculate-

cordate on the upper side at the base.

(58) S. Paxil.
«•«• Lateral haves of ultimate branchlets 3—5 mm.

^^^^- (59) S. ascendens.

&5. Intermedial leaves of principal rachises with the outer
base not produced, and if so, then not or hardly
incurvate-auriculate.
«. Branchlets flagellate.

D Lateral leaves not imbricated over the rachis.

(60) S. Hosei.
DD Lateral leaves imbricated over the rachis.

(61) S. cavernicola.
«.«. Branchlets not flagellate.

9. Macrospores 1—2 in a macrosporangium,
without apical ribs.

O Lateral leaves of principal rachises

auriculate-cordate on the upper side at

the base. (62) S. sungemagneana.

(63) S. billitonensis.

00 Lateral leaves of principal rachises

86 103. SELAGINELLA. A\ MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES.

rounded or cuneate on the upper side
at the base.

X Lateral leaves not spuriously veined.
-f Ultimate branchlets short, un-
der 4 mm. broad.

(64) S. Vanvuureni.
-^-^ Ultimate branchlets long, or
more than 4 mm. broad.

(65) S. subserpentina.
'a'a Lateral leaves spuriously veined.
•I- Shoots simply pinnate.

(66) S. sambasensis.

•I- -I- Shoots more compoundly

branched. (54) S. Grabowskyi.

t.t. Macrospores 4 in a macrosporangium, with

3 radiating apical ribs.

9. Lateral leaves of branchlets to 2 mm.

long. (67) S. Elmeri.

8.S. Lateral leaves of branchlets 2 mm. or

more long (').

9. Upper edge of lateral leaves denti-
culate in the loioer part only.

(68) S. obesa.
9J9. Upper edge of lateral leaves denti-
culate more throughout.
-f Small plants.

(69) S. wahauensis.
-^4- Large or middle-sized plants.
A Pinnulae simple, forked or
simply pinnate.
= Lateral leaves not spu-
riously veined.

(70) S. Posewitzii.
== Lateral leaves spuri-
ously veined.

(71) S. Cesatii.

(1) See also (38) %. halconensis Hieron.

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES. 87

A A Pinnulae more compound-
ly branched.

II Spikes slender, to 2
mm. diam.

(72) S. simpokakensis.
II II Spikes stouter, more

than 2 mm. diam.

(73) S. novae-guirieae.

(27) S. Ciiiiilnfsiana, Spring, Mon., II, 126; Bk., Fern AIL, 77.
Shoots probably springing from a scandent main stem, 30 — 45 cm. long,

pinnate, the stem obtusely quadrangular, sulcate down the face or sides,
12 — 14 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae ascending, the lower
pinnate. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous on the branchlets, more
spaced on the lower part of the stem, subhorizontal or spreading, rhomboid-
oblong, 5 — 7 cm. long, those of the stem the longest, Vj as broad, blunt or
bluntish, indistinctly spuriously veined, moderately thin in texture, nearly
equal-sided, the upper side very minutely denticulate and somewhat
pellucid-margined, rounded and denticulate or ciliolate at the base, the
lower side entire or subentire, ciliolate at the rotundate or broadly cuneate
base, the ciliae continued upon the rachis; leaves of the upper plane
oblique-ovate, 2 — 3 times smaller, blunt, oblique and ciliated at the
obliquely subcordate base, the outer base produced, cordate-auriculate.
Spikes square, 2 'A — 5 cm. long, 2V2 mm. diam.; sporophylla ovate, gradually
long-acuminate from a broad base, very minutely serrulate, keeled;
macrospores yellowish, nearly smooth, or irregularly verrucose, rugulose
or somewhat reticulate, the apical ribs encircled by a somewhat undulated
crest-shaped wing; microspores reddish, provided with needle-like or
capitate projections.
Philippines.

(28) S. loii;;ipejS (longistipes), e. A. ». «., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 46.
Shoots erect from a creeping base, 35 — 60 cm. long when fully

developed, the lower part simple, to 30 cm. long, when dry brownish
and irregularly angled, the upper part deltoid or ovate, 3-pinnate, the
main rachis 8—10 mm. broad including the l9,teral leaves; lowest pinnae

88 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. &*. ASCENDENTES.

'mostly spreading, lanceolate, to 15 cm. long; ultimate branchlets to 3 'A
cm. long, 3V2 — 5 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral leaves of
the lowest Vj — Vs of the stipe unequal-sided, erect or suberect, remote,
broadly oblong, bluntish, the inner side very minutely denticulate towards
the base, the outer side entire or subentire, the outer base truncate-
rotundate, the inner base auriculate-cordate, the auricle rounded or hamate-
incurvate; lateral leaves of the branched portion spreading; of the main
rachis the largest, approximate, similar to those of the stipe but somewhat
falcate, indistinctly spuriously veined, to 5 mm. long and 3 mm. broad,
the upper side entire or obsoletely denticulate, more distinctly denticulate
in the lower part, broadly rotundate-cordate at the base, the lower side
entire or subentire, abruptly cuneate-truncate at the base ; of the branchlets
smaller, to 2V2 mm. long, relatively much narrower, more distinctly
spuriously veined, less unequal-sided, the upper side cuneate in the lower
half, rounded at the very base; intermedial leaves more or less erect; of
the stipe remote, broadly oblong, acuminate, entire or obsoletely denti-
culate, 2-auriculate-cordate at the base, the outer auricle produced,
somewhat hamate-incurvate ; of the main rachis similar but more close,
the largest 3 — 4 mm. long, mucronate-acuminate or shortly cuspidate; of
the branchlets smaller, imbricate, the inner base narrowly rounded or
rotundate-cuneate, the outer base rotundate-cordate. Spikes square, to
2 cm. long, I'A mm. diara.; sporophylla isomorphous, ovate, acute, keeled,
entire or sparingly denticulate; macrospores yellow-brown or dirty-brown,
densely irregularly rugulose on the basal side, the apical- ribs encircled
by an irregular rugiform ring, the ridges not rarely glauco-pruinose ;
microspores dirty-orange, provided with scattered conical or bacilliform
projections on the basal side.'
Borneo.

(29) !i. ^[^iiadraiilii, Hieran., Fed., Rep., X, 114.

Shoots 40 — 50 cm. long, the lower part simple, yellowish, to 2 'A mm.
thick, the upper part sub-3-pinnate. Lateral leaves spreading; of the
stipe unequal-sided, obliquely subfalcate-ovate, bluntly acuminate, the
upper side narrowly pellucid-margined, minutely serrulate in the lower
half, obsoletely denticulate in the upper half, rounded at the base, the
lower side subentire or minutely and obsoletely denticulate, rotundate-
cuneate at the base, the largest leaves 6Vj mm. long and 3Vj mm. broad;
of the main rachis glaucous-green, similar to those of the stipe; of the

103. SELAGINELLA. Ai. MONOSTKLICAE. Si*. ASCENDENTE8. 89

branchlets spreading, close, more falcate, ovate-oblong, blunt, the upper
base rotundate-cuneate, the lower broadly so and provided with 0 — 3
ciliae, the largest leaves 4 — 5 mm. long and IV2 — 2 mm. broad; inter-
medial leaves erect; of the stipe falcate-ovate, nearly equal-sided, shortly
acuminate, minutely piloso-denticulate, the outer base produced, hamate-
incurvate, the inner base subcuneate, the largest leaves 4 mm. long; of
the main rachis similar to those of the stipe but a little shorter; of the
branchlets shorter, falcate-obovate, abruptly shortly aristate-acuminate,
more or less denticulate towards the apex, cordate on the outer side at
the base, cuneate on the inner side. Spikes 1 — 2V2 cm. long, to 3 mm.
diam. ; sporophylla broadly deltoid-oblong, acuminate, narrowly pellucid-
margined in the lower part, sparingly denticulate, keeled, the largest
Vh mm. long; macrospores blackish, brownish or yellowish, provided with
flexuose, branched or reticulate rumples on the basal side ; microspores yellow
or yellowish, sparingly provided with capitate projections on the basal side.
Mindanao.

(30) S. intesrirolia, r. A. ». «., Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 33.

Shoots erect from a more or less ascending base, 10 — 20 cm. long,
the lower part rather short, simple or forked, terete or obtusely angular,
1 — V/2 mm. thick, stramineous-grey, the upper part branched; pinnae to
9 cm. long; pinnulae simple, forked or sparingly pinnate; ultimate branch-
lets ','2 — VU cm. long, IVj— 2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
Leaves heteromorphous on both stem and branches; leaves of the lower
plane erecto-patent, oblong, nearly straight, bluntish, entire, or very
sparingly and minutely denticulate on the upper side at the base ; of the
stem somewhat remote, unequal-sided, 2 mm. long and 'A as broad,
rotundate-cuneate on both sides at the base, the upper side the broadest,
rounded, pellucid-margined; of the branchlets similar but narrower, the
largest nearly as long, more close, less unequal-sided, cuneate at the
base; leaves of the upper plane oblong or subobovate-oblong, shortly
cuspidate, entire, pellucid-margined, cuneate on the inner side at the base,
produced and cordate on the outer side at the base, the cusp to '/3 as
long as the blade ; of the stem rather remote, 2 mm. long ; of the branch-
lets imbricate, smaller. Spikes short, square, Vh — 2 mm. diam.; sporo-
phylla deltoid-ovate, acute or acuminate, entire, or very sparingly and
minutely denticulate at the base, pellucid-margined, keeled, 1 mm. long;
macrospores whitish or yellowish-white, finely reticulate or rugulose,

90 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a<. ASCENDENTES.

nearly smooth, the apical ribs encircled by a narrow, slightly elevated,
ring-shaped crest; microspores yellowish or pale-orange, provided with
bacilliform or stipitate-capitate projections on the basal side.
Borneo.

(31) S. baiiajaoensis, mefon.. Fed., Rep., X, 45.

Shoots 20 — 25 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform, compresso-
quadrangular, stramineous-green, smooth, to SVj mm. thick, the upper
part irregularly decompound, triangular or ovate in outline, the pinnae
2 — 3-pinnate. Leaves heteromorphous on both stem and branches; lateral
leaves of the stipe spreading, broadly oblique-ovate, unequal-sided, mucronate-
acuminate, auriculate and broadly rounded on the upper side at the base,
rotundate-truncate on the lower side, with the upper edge denticulate,
ciliate towards the base, the lower edge piloso-denticulate, ciliate at the
base, the midrib thikened towards the apex, the largest leaves 2Vz mm.
long and 1 'A mm. broad ; leaves of the upper plane of the stem ovate,
ciliated and incurvate-auriculate on both sides at the base but more
prominently on the outer side, piloso-denticulate, aristate, the arista V2 as
long as the blade; lateral leaves of the main and secondary rachises
similar to those of the stipe but larger, to 5 mm. long and 2V2 mm.
broad, less acuminate, and the lower edge entire except at the minutely
denticulate apex and the ciliate base; leaves of the upper plane of the
main and secondary rachises similar to those of the stipe, sparingly
pellucid-dotted; lateral leaves of the branchlets similar to those of the
rachises but smaller, IVj — 2 mm. long and 'A — 1 mm. broad, pellucid-
margined on the upper side; leaves of the upper plane of the branchlets
similar to those of the rachises but smaller, the edges sparingly denticulate,
the base rotundate on the inner side, sparingly ciliate. Spikes solitary
or double, square, 3 — 12 mm. long, 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla triangular-
ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate, keeled, hardly pellucid-margined and
copiously denticulated on both sides, ciliolate at the base, the ventral
ones somewhat broader, the largest 2 mm. long; macrospores yellowish
or whitish, encircled by a wing-like, undulated, hyaline, equatorial crest,
the basal side provided with crowded, flexuose, branched or reticulated
rumples, the apical ribs similar to the equatorial wing; microspores
yellowish or orange-red, provided with minute rumples and scattered
conical or short-stalked capitate projections.

iMzon.

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES. 91

(32) S. infantensis, Hiefon., Fed., Rep., X, 111.

Shoots 30—50 cm. long, the lower part simple, stramineous, much
compressed, to 2 mm. thick, the upper part simply pinnate or sub-
2-pinnate. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral leaves spreading ; of the stipe
unequal-sided, oblipuely subfalcate-ovate, shortly acuminate, with the
upper side minutely piloso-denticulate, ciliolate at the broadly cordate
base, the lower side subentire, very minutely denticulate towards the
apex, sparingly ciliolate at the truncate-cordate base, the largest leaves
3— 3V2 mm. long and 1% mm. broad; of the main rachis similar to those
of the stipe but larger, to 6 mm. long and V2 as broad, falcate-ovate,
subobtuse, vdth the upper side rotundate at the base, the lower side
subentire, subtruncate-rotundate at the base; of the branchlets similar,
ovate-oblong, spuriously nerved, I'A^ — 2V2 mm. long, to V< mm. broad;
intermedial leaves erect; of the stipe unequal-sided, falcate-ovate, shortly
aristate-acuminate, piloso-denticulate, ciliate and hamate-incurvate on the
outer side at the base, subtruncate-rotundate on the inner side at the
base, the largest leaves 8 mm. long, with the cusp V2 as long as the
blade; of the main rachis similar; of the branchlets similar but smaller,
entire or rarely denticulate, and cordate on the outer side at the base,
sparingly denticulate towards the apex. Spikes solitary, 5 — 7 mm. long,
1 V« ram. diam. ; sporophylla ovate, acute, pellucid-margined, shortly piloso-
denticulate, keeled, the largest 1 mm. long; microspores minium-red or
reddish-brown, provided with sessile, capitate projections on the basal
side; macrospores

Luzoti.

(33) S. Meei, Hiet-on., Fed., Rep., X, 48.

Shoots 40— 50 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform, compressed-
quadrangular, 3 mm. thick at the base, the upper part decompound,
sub-4-pinnate, ovate in outline. Leaves of the lower part of the stipe
rather erect, nearly isomorphous; those of the lower plane unequal-sided,
broadly obliquely ovate, subacute to subacuminate, cordate at the base
but more broadly on the inner side, the inner edge ciliate in the lower
half, minutely denticulate towards the apex, the outer edge minutely
denticulate, ciliate at the base, the midrib thickened towards the apex,
the largest leaves 4 mm. long, hardly more than 2 mm. broad; leaves
of the upper plane as long and as broad, oblique-ovate, shortly aristate-
acuminate, the inner side piloso-denticulate towards the apex, ciliate in

92 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. &*. ASCENDENTES.

the lower part, cordate at the base, the outer side piloso-denticulate,
auricled and ciliate at the base ; leaves of the branched portion hetero-
morphous; leaves of the lower plane spreading, obliquely subfalcate-ovate,
subacute, the upper base rotundate or subcordate-rotundate, the lower base
rotundate or subtruncate-rotundate, the aligular side spuriously veined,
the upper side pellucid-margined, piloso-denticulate, long-ciliate at the base,
the lower side entire, long-ciliate at the base, the largest leaves of the
main rachis 5 mm. long and 2 mm. or somewhat more broad, those of
the ultimate branchlets V2 — 2 mm. long and 'A — 'A mm. broad; leaves
of the upper plane erect, broadly and obliquely falcate-ovate, shortly
aristate, sparingly denticulate on both sides, pellucid-dotted, the inner
base truncate-rotundate, the outer incurvate-auriculate and sparingly long-
ciliate, the largest leaves of the main rachis 2V2 mm. long, those of the
branchlets 1 mm. long, often entire and not ciliated, the cusp to 'A as
long as the blade, the inner base rotundate-cuneate, the outer base
rotundate-cordate. Spikes square, solitary, V* — IVa cm. long, 1 mm. diam. ;
sporophylla deltoid-ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate, piloso-denticulate,
pellucid-margined, keeled ; macrospores yellowish or reddish-brown, provided
with simple, flexuose, branched or connected rumples on the basal side,
the apical ribs encircled by an equatorial ring; microspores yellowish or
dirty-orange, provided with crowded conical projections.
Luzon.

(34) S. F^niiLil, Miefon., Fed., Rep., X, 98.

Shoots 50 — 60 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform, green-
stramineous, compressed-quadrangular, to 3V2 mm. thick at the base, the
upper part 3-pinnate, deltoid-ovate in outline, with the branchlets simple
or forked, i — 5 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the
stipe suberect, heteromorphous ; those of the lower plane very unequal-
sided, oblique-ovate, subacute, cordate and ciliate at the base, piloso-
denticulate on the upper edge, subentire or minutely denticulate on the
lower edge, the largest leaves 4 mm. long and 2 mm. broad; of the upper
■plane broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, nearly equal-sided, piloso-denticulate,
ciliate and obliquely cordate at the base, the largest 3V2 mm. long and
2 mm. broad; leaves of the main rachis heteromorphous; of the lower
plane approximate, spreading, falcate-oblong, acuminate, ciliate at the
base, indistinctly spuriously nerved, with the upper side piloso-denticulate,
narrowly pellucid-margined in the lower part, auriculate-cordate at the

103. SELAGINELLA. A\ MONOSTELICAE. SL*. ASCENDENTES. ^3

base, the lower side subentire, rotundate-cordate at the base, the largest
leaves 5 mm. long and 2 mm. broad; of the upper plane subfalcate-
obovate, shortly aristate-acuminate, piloso-denticulate, ciliate at the base,
the outer base incurvate-cordate-auriculate, the inner rotundate, the largest
leaves 3 mm. long and 2 mm. broad ; leaves of the branches growing
gradually smaller, of the branchlets the smallest; of the lower plane
imbricate, subsimilar to those of the main rachis, falcate-lanceolate, more
distinctly pellucid-margined and spuriously nerved, the upper side cuneate
in the lower half, narrowly rounded at the very base, the lower side
rotundate-subtruncate at the base, the largest 2 — 3 mm. long and 'A — ]
mm. broad; of the upper plane less denticulate or rather entire, not or
sparingly ciliate at the base, hardly Vii mm. long and 'A mm. broad, the
outer base cordate-rotundate, the inner base narrowed. Spikes 5 — 9 mm.
long, 1 — IV2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla subisomorphous, subdeltoid-ovate,
shortly aristate-acuminate, indistinctly pellucid-margined, piloso-denticulate,
keeled, those of the ventral side somewhat larger, to IVj mm. long;
macrospores yellowish or whitish, rugulose to subreticulate on the basal
side; microspores yellowish or minium-red, shortly stipitate-capitate-ver-
ruculose on the basal side.
Luzon.

(35) S. Itacanif, Mieron., Fed., Rep., X, 43.

Shoots 30 — 40 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform, compressed,
quadrangular, smooth, dirty-stramineous, to 2V2 mm. thick, the upper
part sub-3-pinnate, broadly deltoid-ovate or subrotund in outline. Leaves
heteromorphous on both stem and branches; lateral leaves spreading; of
the stipe remote, broadly falcate-ovate, dark-green above, glaucous-green
beneath, shortly acuminate, rounded at the base but more broadly so on
the upper side, with the upper edge minutely denticulate, ciliate at the
base, the lower edge entire, sparingly denticulate at the base, the midrib
slightly thickened in the upper part, the largest leaves S'h mm. long and
2Va mm. broad; leaves of the upper plane erect; of the stipe remote,
obliquely falcate-ovate, mucronate-acuminate, the mucro 'A as long as the
blade, the edges piloso-denticulate but more shortly in the lower part,
the base rotundate-cuneate on the inner side, produced and hamate-
cordate on the outer side, the largest leaves 3 mm. long; leaves of the
main rachis similar to those of the stipe but growing gradually narrower ;
lateral leaves of the branches obliquely oblong or ovate-oblong, nearly

d4 103. SELAOINELIiA. A'. MONOSTELIOAE. a*. ASCENDENTES.

straight, bluntish, rounded on the upper side at the base, rotundate-
cuneate on the lower side, with the upper edge sparingly piloso-denticulate
at the centre, ciliate at the base, the lower edge entire, the largest leaves
of the ultimate branchlets IV2 — 2 mm. long and V2 mm. broad; leaves of
the upper plane of the branches obliquely subfalcate-oblong, acuminate,
entire, rotundate-cuneate on the inner side at the base, produced on the
outer side, those of the ultimate branchlets to V*—l mm. long. Spikes
sohtary, 5 — 10 mm. long, I'A mm. diam. ; sporophylla deltoid-oblong, acute,
piloso-denticulate, slightly keeled, the largest 2 mm. long; macrospores
dirty-yellowish-white, rugulose with short or long, flexuose or branched
rumples on the basal side; microspores orange or yellowish, provided
with copious sessile, capitate projections on the basal side.
Luzon.

(36) S. slbnyanensis, Hiefon., Fed., Rep., X, 97.

Shoots probably 50 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform,
stramineous-green, quadrangular, rather compressed, to 3 mm. thick, the
upper part compound. Leaves heteromorphous; leaves of the lower plane
very unequal-sided and broadly obliquely ovate on the stem, falcate-
oblong on the branchlets ; those of the stipe ascending, remote, acuminate,
with the upper edge minutely denticulate, ciliolate in the broadly rotundate-
cuneate and pelluqid-margined lower half, ciliate at the subauriculate
base, the lower edge very minutely denticulate at the apex, sparingly
ciliate at the narrowly truncate base, the largest leaves 4V2 mm. long
and 2V2 mm. broad; those of the main and secondary rachises similar
but somewhat longer; of the main rachis spreading; of the branchlets
close, ascending, subacute or subobtuse, slightly spuriously veined, with
the upper edge sparingly piloso-denticulate and pellucid-margined in the
lower half, sparingly ciliolate towards the cuneate base, the lower edge
entire, or sparingly ciliate at the narrowly rotundate-cuneate base, the
largest leaves 2 — 2V2 mm. long, V2 — V* mm. broad ; leaves of the upper
plane erect, falcate-ovate, aristate-acuminate ; of the stipe remote, with
the outer edge involute, ciliate at the produced, auriculate base, the inner
edge minutely denticulate, ciliate at the base, the largest leaves 5 mm.
long, 2 mm. broad, the cusp Vs as long as the blade ; of the main rachis
incurvate-auriculate on the outer side at the base; cuneate on the inner
side at the base; of the branchlets similar, imbricate, entire, smaller,
rotundate-auriculate on the outer side at the base, the largest I'A mm.

103. SELAGINELLA. A>. MONOSTELICAE. &*. ASCENDENTES. 95

long, shortly aristate. Spikes square, 5 — 12 mm. long, 2 mm. diam.,
solitary; sporophylla rather isomorphous, deltoid-ovate, shortly aristate-
acuminate, minutely denticulate, keeled, the ventral ones somew^hat
broader, the largest IV2 mm. long; macrospores yellow^ish-white, provided
with short or long, straight or flexuose, branched or reticulated rumples
on the basal side; microspores minium-red or yellowish, provided with
stipitate-capitate projections on the basal side.
Sibuyan (Philippines).

(37) !i. Tuppingii, Miet-oM., Fed., Rep., X, 112.

Shoots 40 cm. long, the lower part simple, stramineous-green, com-
presso-quadrangular, to 3 mm. thick, the upper part pinnately compound,
deltoid-ovate in outline; pinnulae with their branches simple or forked.
Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral leaves of the stipe unequal-sided, the
lowest suberect, the following spreading, remote, broadly oblique-ovate,
subfalcate, shortly acuminate, with the upper side minutely denticulate,
obsoletely denticulate towards the apex, ciliate at the subauriculate-
cordate base, the lower side subentire, obsoletely denticulate towards the
apex, ciliate at the subtruncate-rotundate base, the largest leaves 4 mm.
long and 3 mm. broad; of the main rachis glaucous-green, falcate-ovate,
acuminate, sparingly spuriously nerved, with the upper side piloso-den-
ticulate, narrowly pellucid-margined in the lower half, sparingly ciliolate
at the subauriculate-cordate base, the lower side entire, or hardly den-
ticulate towards the apex, sparingly ciliate at the truncate-rotundate
base, the largest leaves 6 mm. long and 8 mm. broad; of the branchlets
similar but smaller, contiguous, ovate-oblong, IV2 — 8 mm. long and Vi — 1
mm. broad, obtuse, more distinctly pellucid-margined and spuriously
veined, the upper side cuneate in the lower half, very narrowly truncate-
rotundate at the very base, the lower side narrowly cuneate or rotundate
at the base ; intermedial leaves erect ; of the stipe remote, unequal-sided,
obliquely subfalcate-ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate, more ar less den-
ticulate, ciliolate at the base, with the outer base incuryate-cordate, the
inner base subtruncate-rotundate, the largest leaves 8Vj mm. long; of the
branches similar to those of the stipe but growing gradually shorter; of
the branchlets imbricate, very sparingly ciliolate and rotundate-cordate
on the produced outer side at the base. Spikes solitary, 5 — 15 mm.
long, 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla subisomorphous, deltoid-oblong, shortly
aristate-acuminate, minutely denticulate, indistinctly pellucid-margined in

96 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES.

the lower half, keeled, the largest IVs mm. long; macrospores whitish or
yellowish, rugulose with flexuose, branched or hardly reticulated rumples
on the basal side; microspores orange or yellowish, minutely rugulose
and sparingly capitate- or conico-verruculose on the basal side.
Luzon.

(38) !i. halconcnsis, Miefon^ Fed., Rep., X, 108.

Shoots 70 cm. or more long, the lower part simple, stipitiform,
yellowish or ochraceous, compresso-quadrangular, to 3 'A mm. thick, the
upper part sub-5-pinnate, ovate in outline. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral
leaves of the stipe obliquely falcate-ovate, the lowest suberect, the following
spreading, very unequal-sided, shortly acuminate, with the upper side
piloso-denticulate, gradually ciliate towards the rotundate-cordate base,
the lower side entire, or obsoletely denticulate towards the apex, sparingly
ciUate at the subtruncate-auriculate base, the largest leaves 4 mm. long
and 2Vj mm. broad; of the main rachis glaucous-green, obliquely subfalcate-
ovate, unequal-sided, subacute, indistinctly spuriously veined, with tire
upper side sparingly denticulate, hardly pellucid-margined, subentire or
ciliate towards the rotundate-cuneate base, the lower side entire, sparingly
ciliate at the truncate-rotundate base, the largest leaves 6 mm. long and
3 mm. broad ; of the ultimate branchlets similar but smaller, subcontiguous,
rather falcate oblong, entire, with the upper side cuneate in the lower
part, very narrowly truncate-cordate at the base, the lower side truncate-
rotundate at the base, the largest leaves 2 — 4 mm. long and 'A — I'A mm.
broad ; intermedial leaves erect ; of the stipe broadly falcate-ovate, shortly
aristate-acuminate, inequilateral, with the outer side subentire, or ciliate
at the subtruncate-cordate produced base, the inner side piloso-denticulate
towards the apex and gradually ciliate towards the truncate or subcordate
base, the largest leaves 4 mm. long and Vj as broad; of the main rachis
subsimilar to those of the stipe, with the outer base subincurvate-cordate ;
of the branchlets similar to those of the main rachis but smaller, to I'A
mm. long and relatively narrower, with the outer base rotundate-cordate,
the inner base narrowed. Spikes solitary, 5 — 8 mm. long, l'/* mm.
diam. ; sporophylla subisomorphous, deltoid-ovate, shortly aristate-
acuminate, minutely piloso-denticulate, hardly pellucid-margined, keeled,
the largest I'A mm. long; macrospores dark or yellow-brown, provided
with flexuose or branched, hardly connected rumples on the basal side,
the apical ribs encircled by a nearly wing-shaped equatorial crest; micro-

103. SELAGINELLA. Ai. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASOENDENTES. 97

spores yellowish, provided with capitate or tuberculiform projections on
the basal side.
Mi7idoro.

(39) S. Saneti ^tntonii, Hiefon., Fed., Rep., X, 100.

Shoots 50 cm. or more long, the lower part simple, stipitiform,
reddish- or greenish-stramineous, compresso-quadrangular, 2 mm. thick,
the upper part sub-4-pinnate, broadly ovate in outline; pinnae remote,
ovate or lanceolate, the largest 25 cm. long. Leaves heteromorphous on
both stem and branches ; lateral leaves of the stipe very unequal-sided,
the lower erect, the higher spreading, oblique-ovate, the largest 3 'A mm.
long, V/i mm. broad, acute, with the upper edge piloso-denticulate,
gradually ciliate towards the rounded base, and the lower edge minutely
denticulate, sparingly ciliate at the shortly truncate base; of the main
rachis subhorizontal, remote, obliquely falcate-oblong, the largest 6 mm.
long and 2Vj mm. broad, acuminate, with the upper side minutely den-
ticulate, pellucid-margined in the lower half, gradually ciliate towards
the cuneate base and the lower side entire or subentire, minutely or
obsoletely denticulate towards the apex, sparingly ciliate at the shortly
truncate base ; of the ultimate branchlets similar to those of the main rachis
but smaller, spreading, subcontiguous, the largest 2 — 2Vi mm. long and
Va — 'A mm. broad; intermedial leaves erect; of the stipe remote, subfalcate-
ovate, the largest 2 'A mm. long, aristate, piloso-denticulate, with the
inner base shortly truncate, the outer base cordate-auriculate (incurved?),
sparingly ciliate, the arista Vs as long as the blade ; of the main rachis
similar, to 3 mm. long and 'A as broad, the auricle .incurved ; of the
ultimate branchlets similar but smaller, entire, or sparingly denticulate
towards the apex, the outer base rotundate-cordate, the inner base
narrowed. Spikes solitary or sometimes double, 5 — 35 mm. long, 2 — 2'A
mm. diam.; sporophylla nearly isomorphous, deltoid-ovate, shortly aristate-
acuminate, piloso-denticulate, keeled, the largest IV2 mm. long; macrospores
brownish, rugulose with short or elongate, straight, flexuose, branched or
reticulate rumples; microspores minium-red or reddish-brown, provided
with stipitate-capitate projections on the basal side.

Luzon.

(40) S. Kcrstingii, Mieron^ Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 21.

Shoots erect from a creeping base, 50 cm. or more long, the lower
Fern Allies. 7

§8 103. SELAGINELLA. A*. MONOSTELICAE. a^ ASCENDENTES.

part simple, compressed, slightly grooved down the face, olivaceous or
brownish, to 4 mm. thick, the upper part compound, deltoid-ovate, 30 — 40
cm. each way; pinnae 6—8 on a side, the lower 20 cm. long, with the
lower pinnulae between pinnate and dichotomous; principal rachises
1 — Vh cm. broad including the lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets 8 mm.
broad. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral leaves suberecto-patent ; of the
stem obliquely falcate-ovate, bluntish or subacute, minutely denticulate,
very unequal-sided, more or less ciliolate at the base, pellucid-margined
on the upper side, the upper base cordate-rotundate, the lower base
abruptly cuneate, the largest leaves 9 mm. long and 5 mm. broad; of
the branches similar but proportionally narrower and growing gradually
smaller, contiguous; of the branchlets 2 'A mm. long, more narrowed on
both sides at the base ; intermedial leaves erect ; of the stem broadly
falcate-ovate, abruptly shortly aristate-acuminate, minutely denticulate,
the outer base shortly cordate, the inner base narrowly cordate-rotundate,
the largest leaves 5 mm. long and 8V2 mm. broad; of the branches similar
but proportionally narrower and growing gradually smaller, those of the
branchlets more distinctly auricled on the outer side at the base. Spikes
solitary, double or triple, square, 'A — IV2 cm. long, 2 mm, diam. ; sporo-
phylla subisomorphous, deltoid-ovate, acute, mucronulate, minutely den-
ticulate, keeled, the largest 2 mm. long; macrospores pale-yellow, irregu-
larly rugulose, the apical ribs encircled by a rumple-like crest; microspores
pale-yellow, provided with scattered, sessile, capitate projections on the
basal side.

New Guinea.
•

(41) S. fliubrillirera, r. ^. e. K., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 47.

Shoots erect, or ascending from a creeping base, 15 — 20 cm. long,
the lower part simple, obtusely quadrangular, 1 mm. thick, convex on
the back, when dry 3-sulcate on the face and sides, the upper part
roundish, triangular or ovate in outline, 3-pinnate; main rachis 5—7 mm.
broad including the lateral leaves; lower pinnae to 7 cm. long, deltoid;
ultimate branchlets 5— 12V2 mm. long, 2—3 mm. broad. Lower leaves
of the stipe somewhat remote, subisomorphous; of the lower plane broadly
triangular-ovate, acute, very broadly adnate and narrowly 2-auriculate-
cordato at the base, densely fimbriate-ciliate, the largest leaves 2 mm.
long, about as broad ; of the upper plane nearly similar, as long but much
narrower, acuminate; leaves af the branched portion very heteromorphous;

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MOKOSTELICAE. a<. ASCENDEKTES. 99

leaves of the lower plane imbricate at least at the base ; of the main
rachis horizontal or nearly so, subfalcate-oblong, acute, broadest on the
upper side, both sides minutely and copiously denticulate, the upper side
gradually ciliolate in the lower half, cordate at the base (not auriculate),
the lower side ciliate towards the cordate (narrowly auriculate) base, the
largest leaves 2V2— S'A mm. long and Vs as broad ; of the branchlets
ascending, smaller, proportionally much narrower, acute, the upper side
minutely serrulate, ciliolate-donticulate at the rotundate-subcordate base,
the lower side minutely serrulate in the upper half, entire in the lower
half, very sparingly ciliolate-denticulate at the rounded base, the largest
leaves 1 V2 — 2 mm. long, under 'A as broad ; leaves of the upper plane
erect; of the main rachis somewhat remote to imbricate, subfalcate-ovate,
acuminate-cuspidate, ciliolate-denticulate on both sides, pellucid-margined
on the outer side, less so on the inner side, fimbriate-ciliolate at the
somewhat obliquely rotundate-subcordate base, the largest leaves 3 mm.
long, the cusp V» as long as the blade; of the branchlets similar but
smaller, imbricate, more obliquely rotundate-cuneate and not or hardly
ciliolate at the base. Spikes solitary, square, 5 mm. more or less long,
1 — 1V« mm. diam.; sporophylla ovate-oblong, acute or mucronate-acuminate,
slightly keeled, serrulate, more or less narrowly pellucid-margined, macro-
spores whitish, reticulate-rugulose or nearly smooth; microspores yellow-
orange or red-orange, prickly, the projections varying from conical to
bacillifonn, not or hardly thickened at the apex.
Bornea.

(42) S. Meycnii, Mieran., Fed., Rep.> X, 50.

Shoots probably 20 — 40 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform,
reddish-stramineous, compressed -quadrangular, 1 — IVa mm. thick, the upper
part sub-3-pinnate ; branchlets 4 mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral leaves of the stipe unequal-sided, the
lower suberect, the others spreading, remote, obliquely falcate-ovate,
shortly acuminate, the upper edge minutely denticulate in the upper
part, ciliate towards the subauriculate-rotundate base, the lower edge
entire or obsoletely papillose-denticulate, ciliate at the rotundate-cuneate
base, the midrib thickened towanls the apex, the largest leaves 3 mm.
long and 2V« mm. broad; lateral leaves of the main rachis similar,
horizontal, to 6 mm. long; those of the branches obliquely subfaloate-
ovate or -oblong, subobtuse, the upper side pellucid-margined, minutely

100 103. SELAGINELLA. Ai. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES.

denticulate, cuneate and ciliolate in the lower half, ciliate and very
narrowly auriculate at the base, the lower side entire, ciliate at the
rotundate-cuneate base, the midrib thickened towai-ds the apex, flanked
by spurious veinlets, the largest leaves IVj — 2 mm. long, 'A — "U mm.
broad; leaves of the upper plane erect; of the stipe and main rachis
falcate-ovate, aristate-acuminate, piloso-denticulate on both sides, ciliate
at the base, the inner base rounded, the outer produced, cordate-auriculate,
the cusp Vs — Va as long as the blade, the largest leaves 3—4 mm. long;
of the branches similar, shorter, more sparingly denticulate, much longer
cuspidate, often non-ciliate at the base. Spikes 3 — 9 mm. long, nearly
2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla deltoid, shortly aristate-acuminate, piloso-
denticulate, keeled, the ventral ones somewhat larger, I'A mm. long;
macrospores pale-reddish, yellowish or reddish-blackish, provided with
flexuose, branched or reticulate rumples on the basal side, the apical
ribs encircled by an equatorial ring; microspores yellowish or orange,
provided with stipitate-capitate projections on the basal side.
iMzon.

(43) S. fallax, Micron., Fed., Rep., X, 104.

Shoots 20 — 30 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform, greenish-
or reddish-stramineous or bluish-grey, compresso-quadrangular, 2 'A mm.
thick at the base, the upper part sub-3-pinnate, ovate in outline. Leaves
heteromorphous ; lateral leaves spreading; of the stipe remote, very
unequal-sided, broadly oblique-ovate, broadest on the upper side, shortly
acuminate, minutely denticulate on both sides, the upper side gradually,
the lower suddenly, ciliated towards the cordate base, the largest leaves
2Vj mm. long and nearly 2 mm. broad; of the main rachis similar to
those of the stipe but larger, rather entire on the lower side, to 5 mm.
long and 3 mm. broad; of the ultimate branchlets approximate, less
unequal-sided, lanceolate-falcate, bluntish, hardly spuriously veined, with
the upper side pellucid-margined, minutely denticulate, gradually ciliate
towards the base, cuneate in the lower half, narrowly rounded at the
very base, the lower side entire, ciliate at the truncate-rotundate base,
the largest leaves I'A — 2 mm. long and 'A — 1 mm. broad; intermedial
leaves erect; of the stipe remote, unequal-sided, broadly oblique-ovate,
shortly denticulate, shortly cordate and ciliolate at the base, the largest
leaves 3 'A mm. long, with the cusp 'A as long as the blade ; of the main
rachis similar to those of the stipe but somewhat smaller, pellucid-dotted,

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a^ ASCENDENTES. 101

of the ultimate branchlets similar to those of the rachis but smaller,
sparingly denticulate, entire at the base, the outer base cordate-rotundate,
produced, the inner base cuneate-rotundate, with the cusp 'A as long as
the blade. Spikes 4 — 10 mm. long, 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla subiso-
morphous, deltoid-ovate, very shortly aristate-acuminate, pellucid-margined
in the lower half, piloso-denticulate, ciliate at the base, the largest TA
mm. long; macrospores yellowish-white, provided with short or elongate,
straight, flexuose, branched or connected rumples on the basal side, the
apical ribs encircled by an equatorial wing-shaped crest; microspores
minium-red or yellowish, provided with shortly stipitate-capitate and very
minutely punctiform or rugiform projections.
Luzon.

(44) S. Ramosii, Mieron., Fed., Rep., X, 52.

Shoots 20 — 35 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform, yellowish-
grey, compressed-quadrangular, to VU mm. thick, the upper part sub-
3-pinnate, ovate or subrotundate in outline; ultimate branchlets 3 — 4
mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral
leaves of the stipe erect, very unequal-sided, oblique-ovate, shortly
acuminate, both sides minutely denticulate towards the apex, ciliate
towards the subauriculate-cordate base, the largest leaves 2Vs mm. long,
IVj mm. broad; those of the main rachis spreading, obliquely subfalcate-
ovate-oblong, subauriculate on the upper side at the base, truncate-
rotundate at the lower base, indistinctly spuriously veined, the upper
side piloso-denticulate in the upper half, pellucid-margined, gradually ciliate
towards the base, the lower edge denticulate at the apex, ciliate at the
base, the largest leaves 4V2 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; those of the branches
similar, of the branchlets the smallest, r/2 — 2 mm. long, Vi mm. broad,
close, distinctly pellucid-margined on the upper side; intermedial leaves
erect; of the stipe obliquely deltoid-ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate,
both sides minutely denticulate in the upper part, ciliate towards the
subauriculate-cordate base, the largest leaves 2V4 mm. long; those of the
main rachis similar but nearly equal-sided, the largest 3V2 mm. long,
more sparingly ciliate at the base, pellucid-dotted, the cusp somewhat
longer; those of the branches similar, of the ultimate branchlets P4 — 2
mm. long, with the cusp 'A as long as the blade, the base whether or
not ciliated, more produced on the outer side. Spikes solitary, 5 — 15 mm.
long, 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla deltoid-ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate,

102 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a«. ASCENDENTES.

piloso-denticulate, pellucid-margined, the ventral ones somewhat broader,
the largest 1V» mm. long; macrospores white or yellowish, provided with
free, flexuose, branched or reticulated rumples on the basal side, the apical
ribs encircled by an equatorial ring; microspores minium-rod or yellowish,
provided with crowded, sessile, capitate projections on the basal side.
Luzon.

(45) SI. plumen, SptHng, Mon. II, 136; Bk., Fern All., 76; — var.
triehobasis; S. irichobasis, Bk., 1. c.

Shoots erect, or ascending from a decumbent base, 15 — 30 cm. long,
the stem subterete or obtusely angular, the branching between dichotomous
and pinnately decompound; principal rachises 6 — 10 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets 2 — 5 mm. broad. Leaves hetero-
morphous; lateral leaves rather spaced on the main stem, mojre crowded
on the branchlets; of ths stem horizontal or spreading, 3 — 5 mm. long,
bluntish or mucronulate, spuriously veined and pellucid-margined, the
upper edge entire or obscurely denticulate towards the apex, gradually
ciliolate or ciliate towards the much produced auriculate-cordate base,
the lower edge entire, or minutely denticulate towards the rather narrowly
rounded or rotundate-cuneate base, the upper surface provided with a few
short, spine-like, scattered hairs near the lower edge; of the branchlets
smaller, I'A — 2 'A mm. long, acute, less spreading, obliquely rounded or
rotundate-cuneate at the base; intermedial leaves small, roundish, oblong,
ovate or obovate, denticulate or ciliate, narrowly pellucid-margined, long-
cuspidate, the cusp as long as the blade ; of the stem abruptly cuspidate,
obliquely cordate at the base, the outer base produced; of the branchlets
acuminate-cuspidate, obliquely rounded or rotundate-cuneate at the base.
Spikes copious, square, 6 — 12Vj mm. long and 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla
ovate, acuminate, denticulate-ciliolato, rather pellucid-margined, keeled ;
macrospores irregularly rugulose or reticulate, or verruculose, and the
apical ribs encircled by a ring-shaped crest; microspores whitish or
yellowish, provided with capitate or bacilliform projections on the basal side.

Forma typica: Ciliae short, rather oblique.

War. trtchobatslii : Ciliae long, rather horizontal.

Malacca.

(46) S. Orei^oryi, Miet-on., Fed., Rep., X, 102.

Shoots 40 — 60 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform, compresso-

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES. 103

quadrangular, greenish- or greyish-straminoous, to 3 mm. thick at the
base, the upper part pinnately decompound, ovate or subrotundato in
outline; pinnulae with the branches once or more times forked; ultimate
branchlets 8 — 4V2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves hetero-
morphous on both stem and branches; lateral leaves of the stipe remote,
the lower suberect, the higher spreading, unequal-sided, oblique-ovate,
2-auriculate-cordate and ciliate at the base, shortly acuminate, with the
upper (inner) side minutely piloso-denticulate, ciUate towards the base,
narrowly subpellucid-margined and the lower (outer) side minutely piloso-
denticulate towards the apex, the largest leaves 3 mm. long and 2V4 mm.
broad; of the main rachis similar but more broadly ovate, the acumen
bluntish, the upper base cordate-rotundate, the lower truncate-rotundate,
the aligular side more or less distinctly spuriously nerved, the largest
leaves 5 mm. long and 3 mm. broad ; of the ultimate branchlets similar
but smaller, imbricate, distinctly spuriously nerved, the largest 2 — 3 mm.
long and hardly more than 1 mm. broad, rather narrowed at the base;
leaves of the upper plane erect; of the stipe broadly subfalcate-ovate,
shortly aristate, ciliolate-denticulate, obliquely cordate and ciliate at the
base, coqiously pellucid-dotted, the largest leaves 3 mm. long, with the
cusp V4 as long as the blade; of the main rachis similar but somewhat
larger ; of the ultimate branchlets similar but smaller, subentire or sparingly
piloso-denticulate, the cusp relatively shorter and the base more shortly
ciliolate. Spikes solitary, 3 — 7 mm. long, 1 — I'A mm. diam. ; sporophylla
broadly deltoid-oblong, shortly aristate-acuminate, piloso-denticulate, the
largest 1 mm. long; macrospores reddish- or yellowish- white, provided
with short or elongated, flexuose, branched or connected rumples on the
basal side, the apical ribs encircled by an equatorial crest; microspores
minium-red or reddish-brown, provided with shortly stipitate-capitate
projections on the basal side.
Luzon.

(47) S. isiiuilis, Huhn, Forschr. Gaz., IV, Bot. ; — var. brovi-
aristata, Hieron., MS. in Herb. Berol.

Shoots ascending, decompound, to 3 — 4-pinnate (subdichotomous),
deltoid in outline, to 50 cm. long and 25 cm. broad, the stem stramineous,
compressed, 2-sulcate down the face, convex on the back, the main rachis
subflexuose, the partial rachises flexuose, to 10 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets 5 — 7 mm. broad. Leaves hetero-

104 103. SELAGINELLA. A\ MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES.

morphous; lateral leaves of the stem subspreading or ascending, ovate,
to 5 ram. long, obtuse, entire, spuriously nerved, rounded on the upper
side at the base, cuneate on the lower side; those of the ultimate
branchlets imbricated, sessile, elongate-lanceolate, obtuse or very slightly
acuminated, falcate, pellucid-margined on the upper side, spuriously nerved,
the upper base cordate, ciliolate, the lower base cuneate or rounded,
entire or sparingly ciliated, the largest leaves 3 — 4 mm. long; intermedial
leaves Vs as long; those of the stem rhomboidal-ovate, long-cuspidate,
ciliolate to denticulate, soon entire, cordate on the outer side at the base,
cuneate on the inner side; those of the branchlets abruptly long-aristate-
acuminate, with the inner side entire, rounded at the base, the outer
side ciliated and cordate at the base. Spikes square, 1 — 2 cm. long,
1V» — 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla triangular-oblong, much acuminated, pellucid-
margined and minutely denticulate, keeled, those on the upper side
somewhat larger; macrospores yellowish-white, finely rugulose or reticulate;
microspores dirty-yellowish or orange, provided with stipitate-capitate or
conical projections on the basal side.

War. brevi-arislala: Leaves of the upper plane acute or
acuminate, at best shortly -aristate, minutely denticulate to ciUolate.

New Guinea.

(48) IS. Moszkovvskii, nieron., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 14.

Shoots erect, to 50 cm. or more long, the lower part simple, stipiti-
form, compressed, sub-2-sulcate on the face, subconvex on the back, to
4 mm. thick, glossy, olivaceous, yellowish or brownish, the upper part
sub-3-pinnate, ovate in outline, the main rachis 7 — 8 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves; lower pinnae to 20 cm. long, with the lower pinnulae
twice forked; ultimate branchlets 5 — 6 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous ;
leaves of the stipe rather erect, remote; lateral leaves obliquely ovate,
very unequal-sided, the largest 5 mm. long and 2 'A mm. broad, narrowed
gradually to the bluntish point, the upper (inner) side indistinctly and
narrowly pellucid-margined in the lower half, denticulate, entire towards
the apex, gradually long-ciliate towards the auriculate-cordate base, the
lower (outer) side entire, ciliate at the shortly subtruncate-rotundate
base; intermedial leaves slightly obliquely falcate-ovate, unequal-sided,
shortly aristate-acuminate, obliquely cordate at the base, the largest 4
mm. long and 2 mm. broad, the inner side narrowly pellucid-margined in
the lower part, denticulate towards the apex, ciliate towards the base,

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a\ ASCENDENTES. 105

the outer side sparingly ciliato at the produced base; loaves of the
branched portion similar to those of the stipe but gradually more contiguous,
proportionally longer and narrower; lateral leaves of the main rachis
spreading; of the ultimate branchlets 4 mm. long and I'A mm. broad, sub-
erecto-patent, cordate-rotundate at the upper base, abruptly cuneate at the
lower base; intermedial leaves erect; of the branchlets imbricate, remotely
ciliate towards the outer base, sparingly so at the inner base. Spikes
solitary or double, 5—7 mm. long or probably longer, IVj— 2 mm. diam.;
sporophylla subisomorphous, deltoid, narrowly pellucid-margined, denticulate,
ciliate at the base ; macrospores rather rugulose or reticulate, and provided

with an equatorial ring; microspores

New Guinea.

(49) S. IWiginanii, r. A. r. K., Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 32.

Shoots erect or ascending, 25 — 30 cm. long, pinnate, the stem obtusely
angular, convex on the back, bisulcate down the face when dry, grey-
brown; pinnae pinnate; lower pinnulae pinnate again; branchlets 8 — 5 — 7
mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Lateral leaves of the stem
somewhat remote, spreading (the lower ascending), subequilateral, linear-
oblong, nearly straight, rather bluntish, the upper side very minutely
denticulate in the upper half, denticulate in the lower part, ciliolate at
the auriculate-cordate base, the lower side entire, or obsoletely denticulate
towards the apex, sparingly ciliate or ciliolate at the rotundate-cuneate
base, the largest leaves 6 mm. long, 2 mm. broad ; of the secondary
rachises similar, more ascending, close, somewhat smaller, blunt; of the
branchlets similar, ascending, more rotundate-cuneate at the lower base,
more or less pellucid-margined on the upper side in the lower half and
dorsally spuriously veined, the largest leaves 2 — 3 mm. long; intermedial
leaves of the stem broadly oblique-oblong, somewhat remote, erect,
cuspidate-acuminate, denticulate, ciliolate in the lower part, obliquely
cordate, and produced on the outer side, at the base, the cusp 'A — Vs as
long as the blade, the largest leaves 4 mm. long; of the branchlets
similar, smaller, imbricate, rather pellucid-margined, less copiously den-
ticulate and ciliolate, rather narrowly rotundate-truncate at the inner
base, the cusp relatively longer. Spikes terminal or subterminal, single
or double, square, 5—15 mm. long, I'A — 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla
triangular-ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate, keeled, denticulate ; macrospores
whitish or yellowish, more or less rugulose to reticulate, the apical ribs

106 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES.

encircled by a ring-shaped crest ; microspores yellowish or whitish, the basal side
provided with conical, verruciform, capitate or stipitate-capitate projections.
New Guinea.

(50) S. Copelandii, Uieron., Fed., Rep., X, 106.

Shoots 40 — 50 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform, compresso-
quadrangular, 2V2 mm. thick, ochraceous, the upper part 3-pinnate, deltoid
in outline; ultimate branchlets 6 — 7 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves. Leaves heteromorphous on both stem and branches; lateral leaves
of the stipe spreading, unequal-sided, oblique-ovate, subobtuse or subacute,
piloso-denticulate on both sides, the upper base rotundate-cordate, the lower
base rotundate-cuneate and sometimes ciliate, the largest leaves 3 mm.
long and 2 "3 mm. broad; lateral leaves of the main rachis obUquely
falcate-oblong, glaucous-green, rather equal-sided, spuriously nerved, in-
distinctly pellucid-margined, subobtuse, the upper side minutely piloso-
denticulate, gradually ciliolate towards the narrowly subcordate-rotundato
base, the lower side entire, very minutely papilloso-denticulate at the
apex, sparingly ciliate at the truncate-cuneate base, the largest leaves
6 mni. long and 2'/2 mm. broad ; lateral leaves of the ultimate branchlets
ascending, close, similar to those of the main rachis but smaller, the
largest 3 — 3Vj mm. long and Vs as broad; intermedial leaves erect; of
the stipe subfalcate-ovate, aristate-acuminate, rather equal-sided, piloso-
denticulate on both sides, the outer base cordate-auriculate, sparingly
ciliate, the inner base cordate, subentire, the largest leaves 4 mm. long, with
the cusp about Va as long as the blade ; intermedial leaves of the main rachis
similar to those of the stipe, but the cusp V2 as long as the blade, the
inner base rotundate-cordate; of the ultimate branchlets similar but
smaller, imbricate, entire or sparingly denticulate, the outer base rounded,
produced, the inner base rotundate-cuneate. Spikes solitary, 1 — 2V2 cm.
long, IV4 — 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla deltoid-oblong, very shortly aristate-
acuminate, piloso-denticulate, narrowly pellucid-margined in the lower part,
keeled, the largest 1 V2 mm. long, to nearly as broad ; macrospores blackish
or pale-grey, rugulose or verruculose-rugulose on the lower side, the apical
ribs encircled by a nearly wing-like equatorial crest; microspores

Mindanao.

(51) S. grandls, stoore, in Gard. Chron., 1882, II, 40, tab. VIII;
Bk., Fern All., 9$; S. platyphylla, Veitch., Hort.

Shoots erect frpm a creeping bgse, the lower part simple, stipitiform.

103. SELAGINKLLA. A'. M0N08TELICAE. a^ ASCENDENTES. 107

subcompressod or obtusely angular, 3—5 -mm. thick, the upper part
decompound, branched, suborbicular, broadly oblong or ovate in outline,
30—40 cm. long, pinnate downward, copiously dichotomous upward, the
main rachis flexuoso at least in the upper half; pinnae cuneate-obovato
or lanceolate-oblong, pinnate at the base, more or less copiously dichotomous
in the upper part, as are the pinnulae, with the rachises flexuose;
ultimate branchlets numerous, crowded, 6—16 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous ; of the stipe erect, adpressed ; of the
lower plane rather triangular, acute, ciliate at the base, the inner base
whether or not subproduced ; of the upper plane oblong-ovate, acuminate,
the base ciliate, semicordate or cordate, the outer base produced ; leaves
of the branched portion crowded ; of the lower plane spreading ; of the
main rachis the largest, linear-falcate, to 10 mm. long, 3 mm. broad near
the base, acute, the upper side entire, pellucid-margined, ciliolate towards
the rounded base, the lower side entire, provided with 0 — 2 ciliae at the
rotundate-truncate base; of the ultimate branchlets similar but rather
equal-sided, 4V3— 9 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, nearly equally rounded
at the base; leaves of the upper plane erect, adpressed, imbricated,
oblong or obovate; of the main rachis to 5 mm, long, long-cuspidate-
acuminate, entire or obsoletely denticulate on both sides, ciliolate or
ciliate, and obliquely cordate at the base, the outer base shghtly hamato-
incurvate; of the branches growing gradually shorter, with the cusp
Vs — Vj as long as the blade, the edge entire or obsoletely denticulate, the
base more or less ciliolate or ciliate, rounded on the inner side, produced
and cordate on the outer side. Spikes 1 — 4 cm. long, 1 — 3 mm. diam.,
solitary or 2 — 4-nate, straight, curved or flexuose; sporophylla isomorphous,
ascending, at length spreading, imbricate, triangular-ovate, keeled, acute,
very minutely denticulate, the largest 2 mm. long; macrospores yellowish-
white, rugulose, the rumples short or elongate, straight or flexuose, simple
or branched, free or reticulate-connate, the apical ribs encircled by a
ring-shaped crest; microspores yellow or pale-orange, provided with
bacilliform or stipitate-capitate projections.

Forma angustior: Ultimate branchlets short, to 4 cm. long, 6 — 10
mm. broad; spikes terminal.

Forma latior (typica): Ultimate branchlets elongated, 4 — 8 cm. long,
10 — 16 mm. broad; spikes partly terminal, partly in the axils of the
higher branches, and then often once or twice forked at the base.

Borneo.

108 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a^ ASCENDENTES.

(52) S. ma^niflca, Warb., Mons., I, 114, tab. Ill A.

Shoots ascending, to 50 cm. or more long, the lower part simple,
stipitiform, when dry angular, compressed, 4 mm. thick, the upper part
irregularly pinnate or 2 — 3 times forked, the branchlets 5 — 8 cm. long,
r/j cm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves subrigid, dark-green;
of the lower part of the stem subisomorphous, ovate ; of the lower plane
erecto-patent, broadly long-acuminate, of the upper plane narrowly short-
acuminate; leaves of the branched portion very heteromorphous ; lateral
leaves spreading, spaced in the lower part of the main rachis, close on
the branchlets; of the main rachis elongate-oblong, subfalcate, 6 — 8 mm.
long, obtuse, the upper side very minutely denticulate, rounded at the
base, the lower side very minutely denticulate towards the apex, for the
rest entire, or sparingly ciliolate at the subtruncate-rotundate-cuneate
base; of the ultimate branchlets similar, imbricate over the rachis, 8 — 10
mm. long, spreading; intermedial leaves erect, roundish-ovate; of the
main rachis very unequal-sided (conf Warburg's plate), 3 — 4 mm. long,
hardly oblique, shortly mucronulate-acuminate, subcordate at the base;
of the branchlets imbricate, broadly subfalcate-ovate, nearly 3 mm. long,
a little longer than broad, shortly acuminate, minutely denticulate,
sparingly ciliolate at the obliquely rounded base. Spikes 2 — 3-nate, square,
to 7 — 9 cm. long, 3 mm. diam. ; sporophylla elongate-ovate, Vh — 2 'A mm.
long, very acute, very minutely denticulate, often glittering; macrospores
yellowish-white, finely rugulose or reticulate; microspores provided with
conical or stipitate-capitate projections.

Mindanao.

(53) S. bluuensis, e. A. e. «., Bull. Btz., 1918, XI, 29.
Shoots erect, or ascending from a creeping base, to 20 cm. long, the

lower part simple or forked, the upper part branched, the stem I'A — 2
mm. thick near the base, terete, smooth or somewhat grooved, to 8 — 10
mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae pinnate; pinnulae simple
or forked, or the largest sparingly pinnate; ultimate branchlets 7* — 2 cm.
long, 4 — 6 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous on both stem and branches;
leaves of the lower plane somewhat spaced on the stem, crowded on
the branchlets; of the stem horizontal, linear-oblong, bluntish, not or
indistinctly spuriously veined and pellucid-margined, the upper side
minutely serrulate but indistinctly so towards the apex, rotundate-cuneate
at the base, the lower side entire or obsoletely denticulate, narrowly

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES. 109

rounded at the base, the largest leaves 5 mm. long and IV2 mm. broad,
with the midrib thickened towards the apex; of the branchlets similar
but smaller, spreading, less unequal-sided, not rarely cuneate on the lower
side at the base ; leaves of the upper plane erect ; of the stem remote,
oblong, cuspidate-acuminate, minutely serrulate on both sides but less
copiously on the outer side, obliquely cordate at the base, the outer base
much produced, hamate-incurvate, the largest leaves 3 mm. long, the
cusp 'A — 'A as long as the blade; of the branchlets smaller, imbricated,
the cusp relatively longer, the inner base rounded or cuneate, the outer
base rather narrowly cordate. Spikes solitary, square, IV2 mm. diam. ;
sporophylla ovate, 1 mm. long, hardly acuminate, minutely denticulate,
keeled; macrospores whitish or yellowish, often 2 in a macrosporangium,
more or less compressed and lentiform, finely rugulose with flexuose,
branched or connected rumples, the apex more or less flattened, without
radiating ribs, encircled by a wing-shaped crest; microspores probably
wanting.
Borneo,

(54) S. Oi*aboi«'skyi, Wawb., Mons., I, 122; S. intermedia,
Hieron. (not Spring), Hedwi., LI, 269; Lycopodium intermedium, BL,
Enum., 269.

Shoots creeping, or ascending from a creeping base, 30 — 40 cm. long,
often forked near the base, the stem yellowish when dry, I'A — 2 mm.
thick ; pinnae pinnate, to 7 cm. or more long ; pinnulae once or twice
pinnate ; ultimate branchlets to 12 'A mm. long, 3 — 4 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves. Leaves of the lower plane horizontal or spreading on
the stem, more ascending on the branchlets; of the stem jemote,
subfalcate-oblong, 3 — 4 mm. long, nearly 'A as broad, blunt, minutely
denticulate on the upper side, broadly rounded on the upper side at the
base, less so on the lower side ; of the branches similar to those of the
stem, hardly smaller, dark-green above, paler beneath, spuriously 2-nerved ;
of the branchlets similar, hardly contiguous, rounded and slightly dilated
or rotundate-cuneate on the upper side at the base, the largest 2 mm.
long, bluntish ; leaves of the upper plane adpressed, erected ; of the stem
broadly ovate, I'A mm. long, acute ("), keeled, denticulate, produced and
incurvate-cordate on the outer side at the base; of the branchlets similar

(') I believe rather long-cuspidate.

110 103. SELAGINELLA. A\ MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTfefel

to those of the stem, smaller, cuspidate-acuminate, rotundate-cuneate on
the inner side at the base, with the cusp 'A— Vs as long as the blade.
Spikes square, to I'A cm. long, I'A mm. diam. ; sporophylla ascending,
ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, minutely denticulate, keeled ; macrospores
white or pale-yellow, 1 — 2 in a macrosporangium, irregularly rugulose
with short or elongated, flexuose, branched or reticulated ridges, the
apex flattened, without radiating ribs, encircled by a crown-shaped ring;
microspores probably wanting. — In order to avoid confusion the name
S. Grabowskyi Warb. is maintained, though I acknowledge that the
name S. intermedia Hieron. has a legitimate claim on priority.
Malaya.

(55) S. sibogana, r. A. r. n., Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 30; 1914,
XVI, 44; — var. subbinervia, v. A. v. R., 1914, XVI, 44.

Near S. Q-rabowskyi Warb. — Shoots to 30 cm. long; stem or msiin
rachis 6 — 9 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnulae simple,
forked or pinnate; ultimate branchlets 4 — 6 mm. broad; lateral leaves
proportionally longer, more distinctly pellucid-margined on the upper side,
less conspicuously spuriously veined, the upper edge denticulate throughout
or less so in the upper part, the lower edge entire, or obsoletoly den-
ticulate towards the apex; intermedial leaves longer cuspidate, more or
less denticulate on both sides, the cusp Vs — *h as long as the blade or
longer.

Forma typica: Relatively small plants; lateral leaves of the main
stem less falcate than those of the branchlets, often bluntish. — Sumatra.

\ar. subbinervia: Middle-sized plants; lateral leaves of the main
stem more falcate and acute, similar to those of the branchlets. — Java.

(56) S. paraguana, WUefon., Fed., Rep., X, 109.

Shoots 50 cm. or more long, the lower part simple, brownish,
compressed, to 3 mm. thick, the upper part 2-pinnate, ovate in outline;
main rachis 12 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; branchlets 3 — 4
mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral leaves of the stipe suberect,
oblique-ovate, unequal-sided, shortly acuminate, with the upper side
minutely denticulate, broadly rounded at the base, the lower side sparingly
denticulate but more copiously so at the rotundate-cordate base, the
largest leaves 4 mm. long and 2V2 mm. broad; of the main rachis
spreading, falcate-ovate or -oblong, glaucous-green, shortly acuminate,

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONCSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES. Ill

minutely denticulate at the upper edge, slightly spuriously nerved, broadly
rotundate on the upper side at the base, subentire on the lower side
except at the hardly denticulate apex and the rotundate-truncate base, the
largest leaves 6Va mm. long and 3V2 mm. broad; of the branchlets similar
to those of the main rachis but smaller, more ascending, narrowed at
the base, the largest 2 — 3 mm. long and Vi — 1 mm. broad; intermedial
leaves erect ; of the stipe obliquely subfalcate-ovate, unequal-sided, shortly
aristate-acuminate, more or less copiously minutely denticulate, produced
and incurvate-cordate on the outer side at the base, rotundate-subcordate
on the inner side at the base, the largest leaves 4 mm. long; of the
main rachis similar to those of the stipe ; of the branchlets similar but
smaller, subentire towards the base, sparingly denticulate towards the
apex, the outer base auriculate-cordate, the inner base narrowed. Spikes
solitary, 3 — 6 mm. long, 1 — I'A mm. diam. ; sporophylla subisomorphous,
deltoid-oblong, gradually aristate-acuminate, piloso-denticulate, keeled, hardly
pellucid-margined, the posterior ones the largest, to 2 mm. long; micro-
spores yellow or yellowish, provided with conical or clavate-capitate

projections on the basal side; macrospores

Paragua (Philippines).

(67) S. parvifolia, e. A. ». K., Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 30.

Shoots erect, or erect from an ascending base, 15 — 25 cm. long,
3 — 4-pinnate, the stem subterete, brownish-stramineous, IV2 mm. thick
at the base; pinnae to 10 cm. long; ultimate branchlets to 1 cm. long,
2 — 2V2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous ;
leaves of the lower plane erecto-patent; of the stem remote or approximate,
oblong, unequal-sided, 2 "2 — 3 mm. long, to I'A mm. broad at the base,
blunt or bluntish, the upper side minutely serrulate and pellucid-margined
in the lower half, rounded at the base, the lower side entire, very
narrowly rotundate-truncate at the base; of the ultimate branchlets
similar, more or less close, often entire, subfalcate, less unequal-sided, to
2 mm. long and Vj as broad, rotundate-cuneate on the upper side at the
base ; leaves of the upper plane erect ; of the stem remote or approximate,
oblong, 3 mm. long, abruptly long-cuspidate, sparingly and very minutely
serrulate, obliquely cordate at the base, or the inner base rounded or
rotundate-cuneate and the outer base produced, incurvate-auriculato, the
cusp to nearly as long as the blade; of the branchlets similar, smaller,
imbricate, more gradually ciispidate, entire, the inner base rotundate-

112 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES.

cuneate, the outer base cordate. Spikes short, square, 1 — IV4 mm. diam. ;
sporophylla ovate-oblong, keeled, 1 — VU mm. long, acuminate, minutely
serrulate in the lower part ; macrospores whitish, verruculose to irregularly
rugulose, the apical ribs encircled by a ring-shaped crest; microspores
yellowish, provided with stipitate-capitate projections on the basal side.
Borneo.

(58) S. Paxil, Miei-on., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XLIV, 512; — var.
subpedalis, v. A. v. R., Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 30.

Shoots erect, 25 — 50 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform,
2 — 3 mm. thick, the upper part decompound, the main rachis 9 mm.
broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae pinnate, the lower ovate or
lanceolate; pinnulae crowded, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, cuneate at
the base, the lower and central pinnate; ultimate branchlets 5 — 25 mm.
long, 2 — 4 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous ; leaves of the lower plane
suberect on the stipe, spreading on the main rachis, more ascending on
the branchlets ; of the stipe very unequal-sided, obliquely subfalcate-ovate,
acute or shortly acuminate, hardly spuriously veined, the upper side
minutely denticulate, inconspicuously pellucid-margined, cordate-auriculate
at the base, the lower side entire, very minutely denticulate at the
rotundate-truncate base, the largest leaves 3 mm. long and 1 mm. broad ;
of the main rachis close, to 5 mm. long, relatively narrower; of the
branches narrower, somewhat unequal-sided, obliquely subfalcate-ovate or
ovate-oblong, subacute, spuriously nerved near the midrib, the upper side
minutely piloso-denticulate, pellucid-margined at least in the lower half,
the lower side entire or indistinctly denticulate ; of the branchlets sub-
equilateral, IV2 — 2V2 mm. long, often cuneate on the upper side at the
base; leaves of the upper plane erect; of the stem ovate or obovate,
subaristate-acuminate, pellucid-margined, very minutely denticulate or
rather entire, indistinctly keeled, rounded on the inner side at the base,
auriculate-cordate on the outer side at the base, the auricle hamate-
incurvate, the largest leaves 3 — 4 mm. long; of the branches smaller,
broadly ovate, mostly entire, cuspidate, the base obliquely cordate or
semicordate, produced on the outer side, the cusp Vs — 'A as long as the
blade; of the ultimate branchlets 1 mm. long. Spikes single or double,
5 — 20 mm. long, 1 'A — 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla ovate, shortly acuminate,
keeled, piloso-denticulate, pellucid-margined, the largest IVi mm. long;
macrospores yellowish or whitish, provided with flexuose or reticulate

103. SELAGINELLA. A". MONOSTELtCAE. a*. ASCENDENTilS. 113

rumples on the basal side, not rarely intermixed with verruciform
projections, the apical ribs encircled by a ring-shaped crest; microspores
yellowish or pale-orange, provided with bacilliform or stipitate-capitate
projections on the basal side.

War. subpcdalis : Shoots shorter, 20 — 25 cm. long, erect from
a wide-creeping base, the stipe slender, TA mm. thick; lateral leaves of
the branchlets more acute; intermedial leaves longer cuspidate, those of
the main rachis copiously denticulate.

Borneo.

(59) S. asccndens, r. A. «. n., Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 33.

Shoots erect from a creeping base, 20 — 30 cm. or more long, short-
stalked or branched down quite to the base, the stem terete, sulcate,
r/j — 2 mm. thick, the main rachis flexuose, the branching between
pinnate and dichotomous; pinnae ascending, alternate, dichotomous or
subpinnate with a few simple or forked pinnulae, or the lower pinnae
simple or forked, the secondary rachises 9 — 12 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets 1 — 3 'A cm. long, 6 — 10 mm. broad, or
shorter and narrower, the longest the broadest. Leaves heteromorphous ;
leaves of the lower plane linear-oblong, rather falcate, nearly equal-sided,
acute or subacute, the upper side pellucid-margined and minutely serrulate,
rounded or broadly rotundate-cuneate at the base, the lower side pellucid-
margined and entire, rotundate-cordate or rotundate-truncate- at the base,
the midrib fine ; of the stem subapproximate, horizontal ; of the branchlets
spreading or more ascending, to 5 mm. long and 2 mm. broad; leaves
of the upper plane erect, incurvate-oblong, cuspidate, minutely serrulate
but the inner side entire in the lower half, the inner base rotundate-
cuneate, the outer base cordato-auriculate, the auricle hamate-incurvate ;
of the stem close or remote ; of the ultimate branchlets imbricate, to 3
mm. long, with the cusp Va— 'A as long as the blade. Spikes square,
1 — 3'A cm. long, to 2'A mm. diam., solitary or 2 — 4-nate; sporophylla
ovate, acuminate, at length subspreading, to I'A mm. long, keeled, minutely
serrulate; macrosporos whitish, mostly 2 in a macrosporangium, finely
rugulose, the apex without radiating ribs, encircled by a crown-like crest;
microspores probably wanting.

Borneo.

(60) S. Hosci, ntefOM., Hedwi., LI, 245.

Shoots erect, the lower part simple, olivaceous, subterete or obscurely
Feen Allies. 8

114 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES.

4-angular, the upper part pinnately branched, ovate in outline ; highest
pinnae simple or forked; following pinnate, with the pinnulae simple or
forked; lower pinnate; lower pinnulae pinnate, central one or more times
forked, higher simple; terminal branchlets flagellate and rooting at the
apex. Lateral leaves very unequal-sided; those of the stipe probably
suberect, obliquely ovate, acuminate, truncate-rotundate on the lower side
and broadly rounded on the upper side at the base, very minutely and
sparingly denticulate on the lower edge at the base, distinctly so on the
upper edge throughout, the largest 4 mm. long and 2 mm. broad, with
the midrib gradually clavate at the apex; those of the branches growing
gradually smaller, spreading, close, pellucid-margined on the upper side;
of the ultimate branchlets hardly IV2 mm. long, Vs mm. broad, unequally
cuneate at the base; leaves of the upper plane erect, hardly unequal-
sided ; those of the stipe acuminate, pellucid-margined and piloso-denticulate
on both sides, subcordate-rotundate at the base and hardly produced on
the outer side, the largest S'A mm. long and VU mm. broad; of the
branches growing gradually smaller, cuspidate, sparingly pellucid-dotted,
keeled in the upper part, otherwise similar to the others; those of the
ultimate branchlets narrowed at the base, at best 1 mm. long and 'A mm.
broad. Spikes solitary, 5 — 7 mm. long, VI2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla ovate,
shortly aristate-acuminate, minutely piloso-denticulate and pellucid-margined
on both sides, keeled, those of the posterior side somewhat larger, to
I'A mm. long and V4 mm. broad ; macrospores yellowish-white, deciduously
verruculose, 1 — 4 in a macrosporangium, the solitary ones the largest,
nearly without apical ribs; microspores reddish, provided with short,
bacilliform or capitate projections on the basal side.
Borneo.

(61) S. cavernicola, Hieron., Hedwi., LI, 247.

Shoots ascending from a rooting base, the lower part simple, 1 mm.
diam., stramineous-olivaceous, obtusely quadrangular (subterete), angular
and grooved when dry, the upper part repeatedly dichotomous, flabellate-
rotundate in outline, the branches often flagellate. Lateral leaves of the
stipe suberect, very unequal-sided, obliquely subfalcate-ovate, shortly
rotundate-cuneate on the lower side, produced, broadly rotundate-subcordate
and imbricated over the rachis on the upper side at the base, with the
lower edge entire towards the base, very minutely denticulate towards
the apex, the upper side piloso-denticulate and narrowly pellucid-margined,

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. &*. ASCENDENTES. 115

the largest leaves 3 mm. long and IVa mm. broad, acutely acuminate;
those of the branches spreading, rather remote, growing gradually smaller ;
of the ultimate branchlets more ascending, hardly 2 mm. long, 1 mm.
broad, less unequal-sided, less acute, more or less indistinctly spuriously
veined, subentire on both sides towards the apex ; leaves of the upper
plane erect, cuspidate ; those of the stipe broadly ovate, narrowly pellucid-
margined and piloso-denticulate on both sides, keeled towards the apex,
cordate-rotundate on both sides at the base, the largest 3 mm. long and
r/i! mm. broad, with the cusp 'A as long as the blade; those of the
branches growing gradually smaller, of the primary branches narrower,
with the cusp Vs as long as the blade; of the ultimate branchlets to 1
mm. long and 'A mm. broad, with the cusp Va as long as the blade,
rotundate-cuneate at the base.
Borneo.

(62) S. Hungciiiagneana, v. A. v. n... Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 31.

Shoots erect or ascending, 10 — IT'A cm. long, simple or forked in
the lower part, 3 — 4-pinnate in the upper part, the stem terete or grooved,
stramineous, 1 — 2 mm. thick at the base, 5—6 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves; pinnae to 7 cm. long, with moderately crowded branches;
ultimate branchlets 5 — 10 mm. long, 2 — 3 mm. broad. Leaves hetero-
morphous on both stem and branches ; leaves of the lower plane spreading,
horizontal or subdeflexed on the stem, ascending on the branchlets; of
the stem somewhat remote, oblong, to 3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, bluntish,
the upper side minutely denticulate in the lower part, broadly cordate
and much produced at the base, the lower side entire, more narrowly
rotundate-truncate at the base; of the branchlets crowded, subfalcate,
the largest IV2 — 2 mm. long, to V4 mm. broad, rotundate or rotundate-
cuneate on the upper side at the base, more narrowed on the lower side
at the base, for the rest similar to those of the stem ; leaves of the
upper plane erect and adpressed; of the stem remote, oblong, 2 mm.
long, rather suddenly very long-cuspidate, sparingly serrulate, the inner
base rotundate-cordate, the outer base produced, auriculate-cordate, the
auricle slightly hamate-incurvate ; of the branchlets imbricate, obovate-
oblong, cuspidate-acuminate, 1 mm. long, sparingly denticulate, the inner
base rather cuneate, the outer base produced, cordate, the cusp 'A to as
long as the blade. Spikes solitary, partly terminal, partly axillary in
the higher forks, short, square, 1 — IV2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla iso-

116 103. SELAGINELLA. A^ MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENT^S.

morphous, ovate-oblong, 1 mm. long, acute or shortly mucronulate,
keeled, minutely serrulate, the lower more spreading than the higher;
macrospores 2 in a macrosporangium, whitish, verruculose-rugulose, the
apex flattened, without radiating ribs, encircled by a ring-shaped crest;
microspores probably wanting.
Borneo.

(63) S. billltonensis, «. ^. r. JI., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 43;
S. Grabowskyi, Warb., v. A. v. R., Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 16, p. p.

Resembles in aspect S. sungemagneana v. A. v. R., but: Pinnulae
simple or forked; ultimate branchlets a little broader; lateral leaves a
little larger, indistinctly spuriously veined and pellucid-margined, shortly
ciliolate towards the base on the upper side, those of the stem rounded
on the upper side at the base; macrospores pale-yellow-brown.

Billiton.

(64) S. Vanvuureni, ». A. ». k.. Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 44.
Shoots erect from a decumbent base, 10—20 cm. long, branched down

nearly to the base, the branching between dichotomous and pinnate, the
stem obtusely quadrangular on the upper side, rounded on the lower
side, 2 mm. thick, the main rachis 8 — 10 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves; pinnae much ascending, suberect, irregularly compound; branchlets
very short, 2 — 3 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral leaves
horizontal and remote on the stem, ascending and imbricate on the
branchlets; of the stem rather straight, oblong, blunt, unequal-sided at
the base, indistinctly spuriously veined, the upper side copiously minutely
denticulate, subpellucid-margined, broadly rounded at the base, the lower
side entire, mostly provided with a few (1—4) minute teeth at the
narrowly rotundate-truncate base, the largest leaves 5 mm. long, nearly
2 mm. broad; of the branchlets similar, the largest 3 mm. long, with
the upper side more distinctly pellucid-margined, the upper base rotundate-
cuneate, the lower base abruptly or gradually cuneate and entire; inter-
medial leaves erect, adpressed ; of the stem moderately remote, subfalcate-
oblong, cuspidate-acuminate, nearly keeled, the cusp V4 as long as the
blade, the sides more or less minutely denticulate, the inner base rotundate-
cuneate, the outer base much produced with a rounded, very slightly
hamate-incurvate auricle, the largest leaves 2 mm. long; of the branchlets
much smaller, imbricate, the outer base slightly rotundate-auriculate,

103. SBLAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES. 117

rather cordate. Spikes square, often double, under 1 cm. long, IVj — 2
mm. diam. ; sporophylla deltoid-ovate, acute, pellucid-margined, minutely
denticulate, keeled, to 1 mm. long; macrospores 2 in a macrosporangium,
white, irregularly rugulose with simple, branched or connected rumples,
the apex flattened, without radiating ribs, encircled by a ring-shaped
crest; microspores probably wanting.
Celebes.

(65) S. siibserpentlna, «. A. r. n.. Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 17.
Shoots ascending from a short-creeping base, 15—35 cm. long, often

one or more times forked above the base, the secondary shoots branched
with the branching between pinnate and dichotomous, erect or erecto-
patent, very regularly foliate, as are the stem and main rachises, straight,
curved or serpentino-flexuose, simple or little compound, the ultimate
branchlets 2 — 10 cm. long, 5 — 8 mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
Leaves heteromorphous ; those of the lower plane crowded on both stem
and branches, rather imbricate, subascending or rather spreading, sub-
falcate-oblong, 3 — 4 mm. long, to 2 mm. broad, rounded or rotundate-
cuneate on the upper side at the base, more or less abruptly truncate-
rotundate to cuneate on the lower side at the base, with the upper edge
distinctly piloso-denticulate but more obsoletely so towards the apex,
the lower edge entire, obsoletely denticulate towards the apex, sparingly
piloso-denticulate at the very base, the under surface not spuriously
nerved, the midrib narrowed towards the apex; leaves of the upper plane
erect, adpressed, imbricated, obliquely obovate, distinctly aristate, pilcso-
denticulate, the inner base truncate- or rotundate-cuneato, the outer base
produced, cordate or subcordate, the largest leaves 2 mm. long. Spikes
solitary or 2 — 3-nate, square or nearly so, 5 — 50 mm. long, VU ram.
diam.; macrospores 2 in a macrosporangium, provided with short or
elongated, straight or flexuose, branched or reticulated rumples on the
basal side, the apical side rather flattened, without radiating ribs, encircled
by a ring-shaped ridge; microspores probably wanting.
Sumbmva (?).

(66) S. sambasensis, Jiteron., Hedwi., L, 9.

Shoots ascending from a short-creeping base, often one or more times
forked at the base, pinnately branched in the upper part, the primary
rachises to 9 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the lower
plane horizontal or nearly so, obliquely falcate-oblong, unequal-sided,

118 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a<. ASCENDENTES.

shortly acuminate, rounded on both sides at the base but more truncate
on the lower side, spuriously nerved, obsoletely serrulate on both sides
towards the apex, shortly denticulate on the upper edge, with the costa
clavate towards the apex; of the main rachis the largest, subremote,
4 V2 mm. long, 1 V2 mm. broad ; leaves of the upper plane erect, unequal-
sided, subrhomboidal-oblong, aristate-acuminate, nearly keeled towards the
apex, cordate-auriculate and slightly incurvate on the outer side at the
base, rotundate-cuneate on the inner side, more or less sparingly and
shortly piloso denticulate on both ,edges ; of the main rachis the largest,
2'/4 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, with the cusp Va— V2 as long as the
blade. Spikes solitary or often 2 — 3-nate, subtetragonal, 5 — 10 mm.
long, IV2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla subisomorphous, deltoid, equal-sided,
acute, mucronate, keeled, densely piloso-denticulate and pellucid-margined
on both sides, the ventral ones somewhat larger, to IV4 mm. long and
'A mm. broad; macrospores 1 — 2 in a macrosporangium, whitish or pale-
orange, provided with branched or reticulated crests on the basal side,
the apex without radiating ribs, encircled by a crown-like ring; microspores
probably wanting.
Borneo.

(67) S. Elineri, Miet-on., Fed., Rep., X, 46.

Shoots 30 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform, compresso-
quadrangular, whitish-stramineous, to 2 mm. thick, the upper part
decompound; ultimate branchlets 3 mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral loaves horizontal or spreading ; of the
stipe often deflexed, remote, unequal-sided, obliquely falcate-ovate, shortly
acuminate, the upper side the broadest, pellucid-margined, minutely den-
ticulate, rounded at the base, the lower side narrowly and inconspicuously
pellucid-margined, entire, rotundate-cuneate and sometimes sparingly and
shortly denticulate at the base, the midrib thickened towards the apex,
the largest leaves 4 mm. long and 2 — 2Vi mm. broad; those of the main
rachis approximate, similar but more elongated, 5 mm. long; of the
ultimate branchlets similar, suberecto-patent, IVs— 2 mm. long and V2 — 'A
mm. broad, rotundate-cuneate at the base; leaves of the upper plane
suberect or erect; of the stem somewhat unequal-sided, falcate-ovate,
aristate-acuminate, subentire or minutely denticulate, with the inner base
cuneate, the outer base truncate-cordate and somewhat produced, the cusp
nearly 'A as long as the blade, the largest leaves 8 mm. long and VU

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a<. ASCENDENTES. 119

mm. broad ; those of the main rachis similar, to 4 mm. long, rather longer
aristate, often subentire; of the ultimate branchlets similar, smaller, to

2 mm. long, with the cusp as long as the blade or longer, the outer base
auriculate-cordate. Spikes solitary, 5 — 7 mm. long, IV2 — 2 mm. diam. ;
sporophylla deltoid-ovate, long-aristate, pellucid-margined, sparingly piloso-
denticulate, keeled, the largest 2 mm. long; macrospores pale-yellow-brown,
verruculose to rugulose; microspores orange or yellowish, the basal side
provided with scattered, sessile, capitate projections.

Leyte (Philippines).

(68) S. obesa. J»fc., Fern AIL, 97.

Shoots erect, up to 30 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform,
stramineous, the upper part decompound, deltoid; branches close, lanceolate,
copiously pinnate with short, sparingly compound, ascending pinnulae;
ultimate branchlets 6 — 12 mm. long, 3 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous and patent on the branches,
ascending on the branchlets, oblique-ovate, 2 — 3 'A mm. long, very broad
at the base which is much dilated on the upper side, broadly rounded,
obscurely ciliated and much imbricated over the rachis, the margins
revolute above the base; leaves of the upper plane Y2 as long, ovate-
lanceolate, with a distinct cusp. Spikes short, square, VU mm. diam.;
sporophylla ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled.

Plants occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium agree very well with
Baker's diagnosis. They have the stem subterete, more or less irregularly
grooved when dry, IV2 — 3 mm. thick at the base, the pinnae lanceolate
to linear, 10 — 20 cm. long and 2 — 3 cm. broad when fully developed,
the pinnulae close, ascending, the lower and central pinnulae pinnate
with 1 — 2 branchlets on each side or the central forked, the higher
simple or forked, the ultimate branchlets to 5 mm. broad, the leaves
dimorphous, the leaves of the lower plane blunt, remote on the stem,
subcontiguous to imbricate on the branchlets, those of the stem and
lower part of the main rachis obliquely deltoid-cordate, minutely sub-
appresso-pilose on the upper surface, with the upper edge minutely
denticulate in the lower half, the lower edge entire except at the very
base, both sides pellucid-margined, the largest leaves 5 mm. long and to

3 mm. broad at the base, those of the branchlets subhorizontal or
ascending, obhquely subfalcate-oblong, 2— 2 'A , mm. long, 1 mm. broad,
naked, with the upper base broadly rotundate-cuneate, rotundate or sub-

120 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES.

cordate, the lower base rotundate-cuneate or narrowly rounded, both sides
pellucid-margined, the upper edge minutely denticulate towards the base,
the leaves of the upper plane erect, nearly equilateral, those of the stem
and lower part of the rachis remote, broadly subcordate- or triangular-
ovate, 8 — 4 mm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, naked, pellucid-margined, very
minutely denticulate, those of the branchlets adpressed, imbricated, ovate,
long-cuspidate-acuminate, to 2Vj mm. long, pellucid-dotted, the base
obliquely rounded or the inner base rotundate-cuneate and the outer base
subcordate, more or less produced^ the inner side pellucid-margined and
minutely denticulate, the outer side more broadly pellucid-margined,
minutely denticulate towards the apex, the cusp rather more than 'A as
long as the blade, the spikes solitary, to 1 cm. long, the sporophylla
acutely subulate at the apex, distinctly pellucid-margined and minutely
denticulate on both sides, at length squarrose, the macrospores whitish
or yellowish, finely and irregularly ruguloso, with the apical ribs encircled
by a ring-shaped crest, the microspores yellowish, provided with bacilliform
projections which are often capitate at the apex.
Borneo.

(69) S. 'vvahaiieiisiiS, JUerom., Hedwi., LI, 250.

Shoots ascending from a creeping base, 10—15 cm. long, the lower
part simple, short-stipitiform (1 — 4 cm. long), the upper part branched,
ovate-lanceolate in outline ; lower pinnae pinnate, 3 — SVt cm. long, higher
simple or forked; pinnulae few, 2 — 4 on a side, hardly more than 1 cm.
long, simple or rarely forked. Leaves heteromorphous on both stem and
branches; those of the lower plane spreading, obliquely falcate-ovate,
unequal-sided; those of the stipe and main rachis the largest, to S'l-z mm.
long, to IVj mm. broad, acuminate, cuneate on the lower side at the
base, broadly rotundate-cuneate on the upper sfde at the base, entire on
the lower edge except towards the apex, minutely denticulate and pellucid-
margined on the upper side; those of the branches growing gradually
smaller; of the ultimate branchlets 27* mm. long, hardly V2 mm. broad;
leaves of the upper plane unequal-sided, oblique-ovate, cuspidate, slightly
keeled towards the apex, narrowly pellucid-margined on both sides and
minutely denticulate except at the base, sparingly pellucid-dotted, rotundate-
cuneate on the inner side, shortly and narrowly rotundate-truncate and
hardly produced on the outer side at the base, the largest 2 mm. long
and V> mm, broad, the cusp 'A as long as the blade. Spikes 5 — 8 mm.

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES. 121

long, 1 mm. diam. ; sporophylla ovate, aristate-acuminate, keeled, piloso-
denticulate and narrowly pellucid-margined on both sides, with the cusp
Vs as long as the blade, the posterior ones somewhat larger, to I'A mm.
long and 'A as broad; macrospores yellowish-white, finely rugulose to
reticulate, with the apical ribs encircled by a subentire or undulate,
hyaline, wing-like equatorial crest; microspores orange-coloured, provided
with scattered, long-stalked, capitate projections.
Borneo.

(70) S. PoseivKzii, Miewon., Hedwi., LI, 241.

Shoots erect, 20 — 25 cm. long, the lower part simple, subterete,
somewhat compressed, the upper part branched, cordate-rotundate in
outline; upper part of the main rachis to 10 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves; lower pinnae 2-pinnate, the rachis 8 mm. broad; lower
pinnulae pinnate, central one or more times forked, higher simple;
ultimate branchlets 3 — 4 mm. broad. Lateral leaves of the stem sub-
spreading, very unequal-sided, acuminate, broadly rounded at the upper
base, straight or shortly subtruncate at the lower base, subentire or
obsoletely denticulate on the lower edge, copiously denticulate and rather
pellucid-margined on the upper side, the largest hardly more than 3 mm.
long and 1 V4 mm. broad ; those of the branches similar but subfalcate,
shortly acuminate, entire on the lower edge, the largest 4 mm. long and
2Vj mm. broad; of the branchlets 2 — 2V2 mm. long, rotundate-cuneate on
the upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane of the stem
unequal-sided, oblique-ovate, aristate-acuminate, minutely piloso-denticulate
and rather pellucid-margined on both sides, somewhat keeled and pellucid-
dotted in the upper part, obliquely rotundate at the^base and rather
subcordate on the outer side and subcuneate on the inner side, the largest
3V2 mm. long and IV2 mm. broad; those of the branches similar but
relatively narrower and growing gradually smaller; those of the ultimate
branchlets ^U mm. long and V2 mm. broad. Spikes solitary, 5 — 20 mm.
long, r/2 mm. diam.; sporophylla nearly isomorphous, the posterior
ones somewhat larger, ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate, minutely piloso-
denticulate and rather pellucid-marhined on both sides, keeled, the
largest hardly Vk mm. long and % mm. broad; microspores red or
yellow, provided with a few scattered, shortly conical projections;
macrospores

Borneo.

122 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. Si*. ASCENDENTES.

(71) S. Cesatii, Hteron., Hedwi., L, 6.

Shoots 25 — 50 cm. long, sometimes forked at the base, the lower
part simple, stipitiform, the upper part branched, ovate or deltoid-ovate
in outline; lower pinnae pinnate, higher forked, highest simple; lower
pinnulae of the lower pinnae forked, higher simple. Lateral leaves of
the stem very unequal-sided, falcate-ovate, subacute, very minutely den-
ticulate on the upper edge except towards the apex, rotundate-cuneate
on the upper side at the base, rotundate-truncate and entire on minutely
denticulate on the lower side at the base, the largest leaves 4V2 mm.
long, 2V2 mm. broad; those of the branches much narrower, somewhat
unequal-sided, broadly sessile, lanceolate-oblong, distinctly spuriously veined,
pellucid-margined on the upper side in the lower half, cuneate at the
upper base, otherwise similar to those of the stem, the largest of the
branchlets hardly more than 3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad ; leaves of the
upper plane of the stem obovate, acuminate, subaristate-mucronate, broadly
auriculate-rotundate on the outer side at the base, subcordate on the
inner side, pellucid-dotted, the largest 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; those
of the branches smaller, entire, narrowly pellucid-margined towards the
apex, relatively long-aristate, the largest of the branchlets hardly 2 mm.
long, 'A mm. broad, rotundate-subcordate at the outer base, narrowed at
the inner base. Spikes nearly square, V2 — IV2 cm. long, IV4 mm. diam. ;
sporophylla nearly isomorphous, ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate, piloso-
denticulate, pellucid-dotted and -margined in the upper part, keeled, the
largest VU mm. long; macrospores orange or yellowish, densely flexuose-
rugose on the basal side, if solitary then without apical ribs; microspores
orange, sparingly provided with short-stalked capitate projections.

Borneo.

(72) ». siinpokakensiis, Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XLIV, 511.
Shoots 25 — 50 cm. long, the lower part simple, stipitiform, hardly

more than 2V2 mm. thick, the upper part decompound; pinnae 3 — 4-
pinnate ; ultimate branchlets 3 — 4 mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
Lateral leaves of the stipe and main rachis very unequal-sided; of the
stipe rather erect, obliquely subfalcate-ovate, acute, broadly rounded on
the upper (inner) side at the base, rotundate-cuneate on the lower (outer)
side, indistinctly spuriously veined, pellucid-margined and minutely den-
ticulate on the upper side; those of the main rachis the largest, to 5 mm.
long and 2 mm. broad ; those of the branches nearly equilateral, oblong

103. SELAGINELLA. Al MONOSTELICAE. a*. ASCENDENTES. 123

or ovate-oblong, subobtuse ; of the ultimate branchlets relatively narrower,
to 2Vj mm. long and '/< mm. broad; intermedial leaves of the stipe and
main rachis obliquely ovate, unequal-sided, aristate, shortly subcordate-
auriculate on the outer side at the base, rounded on the inner side,
piloso-denticulate and pellucid-margined on both sides, sparingly pellucid-
dotted ; those of the stem to 4 mm., of the rachis to 8 mm. long, the
cusp 'A as long as the blade; those of the ultimate branchlets ovate,
the largest VU mm. long. Spikes flexuose, square, 1 — 3 cm. long,
1 'A mm. diam. ; sporophylla ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate, keeled,
piloso-denticulate and pellucid-margined on both sides; macrospores
yellowish-white, rugulose with flexuose or reticulated rumples; microspores
dirty-orange, provided with scattered, sessile, capitate projections on the
basal side.
Borneo.

(73) S. iiovae-giiiiioae, Bieron., Hedwi., XLI, 183.

Shoots ascending from a creeping base, 35 cm. more or less long,
the lower 'A simple, brown-green, subquadrangular, compressed, to 3 mm.
thick, with the leaves subisomorphous, subequilateral, cordate-ovate, more
or less denticulate, 4 mm. long, 2 'A mm. broad, bluntish or subacute,
the lower suberect, the higher lateral spreading; upper part pinnate,
broadly ovate in outline; pinnae often 2-pinnate; penultimate branches
often forked or dichotomous; main rachis 8 — 10 mm. broad in the
upper part; ultimate branchlets 3 — 5 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves. Leaves of the branched portion heteromorphous ; of the lower
plane elongate-oblong, bluntish, rather spuriously veined near the costa
and margin; of the branches subremote, to 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad,
unequally rotundate-subcordate at the base, the upper side sparingly
denticulate towards the apex and the base, the lower side denticulate
towards the apex; of the branchlets shorter, to 3 mm. long, 'A mm.
broad, approximate, unequally rounded or cordate at the base; leaves of
the upper plane ovate-oblong or subobovate-oblong, subcuspidate-acuminate ;
of the branches obliquely cordate at the base, with the outer auricle
produced, both sides minutely denticulate, pellucid-margined, the largest
leaves 4 mm. long, 2 — 2 'A mm. broad ; of the branchlets smaller, unequally
rotundate-cuneate at the base. Spikes ','2 — 2 cm. long, 2V2 — 4 mm. diam.;
sporophylla ovate, acuminate, dark-green, copiously denticulate on both
sides, 2 mm. long, hardly 1 mm. broad; macrospores yellowish- white.

124 103. SELAGINELLA. Ai. MONOSTELICAE. a«. ASCENDENTES.

finely and irregularly rugulose; microspores reddish-yellow, sparingly
capitate-verruculose on the basal half,
New Guinea,

a. Hoinoeosfachys. 5. Caulescentet.

£, Lateral leaves of principal rachises provided with a minute spur-shaped
auricle on the upper side at the base. (74) S. Presliana.

£.1. Lateral leaves without a spur-shaped auricle at the base.

9. Intermedial leaves distinctly cuspidate, the cusp often very long.
a. Intermedial leaves hardly oblique, not much produced on the
outer side, at the base.
A Lateral leaves ciliate or ciliolate, at least at the base.

(75) S. argentea.
A A Lateral leaves entire, at best minutely denticulate.

(76) S. Griffithii.
a.a. Intermedial leaves distinctly oblique, produced on the outer side,

at the base.

h. Lateral leaves of principal rachises cordate or semicordate
at tlie base, at least one of the basal auricles hamate-
incurvate. (77) S. nutans.

b.b. Lateral leaves not cordate or semicordate at the base, and
if so, then the basal auricles not hamate.
c. Ultimate branchlets to 2 mm. broad.
O Spikes slender, to IV* mm. diam.

(78) S. pteriphyllos.
O O Spikes stouter, 2 mm. or more diam.

V Lateral leaves of principal rachises produced
at least on one side at the base.

(79) S. Jagori.
VV Lateral leaves not produced at the base.

(80) S. luzonensis.
c,c. Ultimate branchlets 2 mm. or more broad.

d. Shoots rather small, 15 — 30 cm. long.

(81) S. parvifrons.
d.d. Shoots larger, 35 — 75 cm. or more long.

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. , a'. CAULESCENTES. 125

e. Lateral leaves of the branchlets to 2Vj mm.

long. (82) S. frondosa.

e.e. Lateral leaves of the branchlets 3 mm. or

more long. (83) S. latifrons.

2,9. Intermedial leaves blunt to acuminate, at best shortly cuspidate.

3. Leaves conspicuously ciliated. (84) S. pungentifolia.

3.3. Leaves not conspicuously ciliated.

4L. Stipes terete or nearly so, not grooved.

S. Pinnulae simple or forked, at best the largest pinnate.
O Lateral leaves nearly as broad as long.

(85) S. polyura.
O O Lateral leaves distinctly longer than broad.
V Spikes slender, to 1 mm. diam.

(89) S. caulescens.
VV Spikes stouter, more than 1 mm. diam.

(86) S. caudispica.
&.S. Pinnulae, at least the largest, pinnate.

e. Spikes short, to 5 mm. long. (87) S. Warburgii.
e.e. Spikes elongated, 5 mm. or more long.
o Lateral leaves without spurious veins.
n Lateral leaves to 2 mm. long.

(88) S. Boschai.
DD Lateral leaves at least 2 mm. long.

(82) S. frondosa.
OO Lateral leaves with spurious veins.
X Spikes slender, to VU mm. diam.

(89) S. caulescens.
XX Spikes stouter, 2 mm. or more diam.

(90) S. striolata.
s.s. Stipes more or less angular or grooved.
&'. Intermedial leaves shortly cuspidate.

«'. Branchlets to VU mm, broad. (91) S. aenea.
«'.«■. Branchlets at least 2 mm. broad.

T. Intermedial leaves of main rachis with
the basal auricle acute or rounded.

(92) S. albomarginata.
7'.7'. Intermedial leaves of main rachis with
the basal auricle hamato-incurvate.

126 103. SELAGINELLA. A\ MONOSTELICAE. a'. CAULESCENTES.

8'. Lateral leaves of main rachis au-

ricled on the upper side at the base.

(77) S. nutans.

8'.8'. Lateral leaves of main rachis not

auricled on the upper side at the

base. (82) S. frondosa.

S'.S'. Intermedial leaves blunt or acute, at best acuminate.

O Branchlets to 2 mm. broad.

V Lateral leaves of secondary rachises truncate,
rounded or cuneate at the base.

(93) S. Brausei.
VV Lateral leaves of secondary rachises, at
least the lower, cordate or semicordate at
the base.

n Intermedial leaves entire or subentire.

(94) S. cupressina.
DD Intermedial leaves distinctly denticulate
to ciliate. (95) S. leytensis.

O O Branchlets at least 2 mm. broad.

A Lateral leaves distinctly spuriously veined.

(96) S. flabelloides.
A A Lateral leaves not or hardly spuriously
veined.
X Branchlets 2—8 mm. broad.

(82) S. frondosa.
XX Branchlets 8 — 5 mm. or more broad.
+ Intermedial leaves entire or den-
ticulate at the base.

(97) S. pentagona.
++ Intermedial leaves more or less
ciliate or ciliolate at the base.

(98) S. suffruticosa.

(74) S. Presliana, Spring, Mon., II, 161 ; S. pennula. Spring,
Bk., Fern All., 95, p. p.

Shoots erect, 30—60 cm. long, the lower part simple, square or soon
terete, firm, sparingly foliate, the upper part deltoid and decompound;

MONOSTELICAE. a'. CAULESCENTES. 127

branches spreading; branchlets numerous, erecto-patent, often simple,
IV4 — 2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves Leaves rigid, deep-green
above, pale and glittering beneath, those of the stem isomorphous, not
copious; those of the branched portion heteromorphous. Leaves of the
branches contiguous, those of the lower plane ovate-lanceolate, 2 — 2V2
mm. long, 1—1 'A mm. broad, falcate, acuminate, nearly equal-sided,
subentire, auricled on the upper side at the base, somewhat imbricated
over the rachis, the auricle revolute, spur-shaped ; those of the upper
plane 'A as long, ascending, ovate-oblong, cuspidate, falcate, subentire,
oblique, and produced on the outer side at the base, imbricate. Spikes
short, square, 4 — 5 mm. long; sporophylla adpressed, keeled, cuspidate;

macrospores finely ruguloso-reticulate ; microspores

Philippines.

(75) S. ar;;entea, Spring, Mon., II, 154; S. trinervia, Spring,
1. c, 125 (t. Hier.); S. caulescens, Spring, var. argentea, Bk., Fern AIL,
95; Lycopodium argenteum, Wall., Cat., No. 127.

Shoots ascending or erect from a trailing base, 15—30 cm. long, the
lower part simple, stramineous, obtusely quadrangular, the upper part
decompound, deltoid in outline; branches subspreading ; pinnulae simple
or somewhat compound; branchlets 2 — 3 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves. Leaves of the stipe minute, erect, lanceolate, scale-like, entire except
at the produced base ; leaves of the branches heteromorphous ; of the
lower plane contiguous, subspreading, subfalcate-lanceolate, acute or sub-
acute, indistinctly spuriously nerved, the upper side obsoletely denticulate
towards the apex, denticulate towards the base, ciliolate at the rounded
base, pellucid-margined in the lower half, the lower side entire or sub-
entire, ciliolate at the subcordate-truncate base, the largest leaves 2 'A mm.
long and 1 'A mm. broad ; of the ultimate branchlets similar but smaller,
more ascending, to I'A mm. long, relatively narrower, less copiously
ciliolate at the lower base; leaves of the upper plane erect, imbricate,
acute-ovate, cuspidate or aristate, serrulate, pellucid-margined, rounded or
cordate at the base, the outer base a little produced. Spikes short, square,
1 mm. diam. ; sporophylla ovate, acute, pellucid-margined, serrulate, keeled.

Malacca, Celebes (t. Christ.).

(76) S. Cirtrnthli, Spring, Mon., II, 151; Bk., Fern AIL, 96;
S. brevipes, A. Br., Hieron. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., T, 680.

128 103. SELAGlNELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. CAULESCENttiS.

Shoots erect, 15 — 30 cm. long, the lower part simple, unequally
quadrangular, the upper part decompound, flabellate-deltoid ; lower pinnae
elongate, triangular, pinnately compound; ultimate branchlets contiguous,
ascending, 6 — 12 mm. long. Leaves of the lower plane rather contigijpus
on the branchlets, spaced on the main rachis, more or less ascending,
green, pale-glittering beneath, ovate-oblong, 2 — 4 mm. long, 1 — 2 mm.
broad, subacute, spuriously veined, pellucid-margined and minutely den-
ticulate on the upper side, rounded, dilated and imbricated over the rachis
on the upper side at the base ; leaves of the upper plane Vs as long,
roundish or obovate, distinctly cuspidate, pellucid-margined and minutely
denticulate, somewhat obliquely cordate at the base. Spikes square,
5 — 12 mm. long, I'A mm. diam. ; sporophylla ovate, finely acuminate,
pellucid- or pale-margined, minutely denticulate, keeled ; macrospores white,
finely rugulose-reticulate (? the apical ribs surrounded by a ring-shaped
crest); microspores provided with needle-like, bacilliform or stipitate-
capitate projections.

Forma typica: Lateral leaves distinctly piloso-serrulate on the upper
side throughout, distinctly spuriously veined.

Forma brevipes: Lateral leaves piloso-serrulate on the upper side
towards the base, entire or very obsoletely denticulate towards the apex,
less distinctly spuriously veined.

Southern Asia.

(77) S. nutans, Wtwb., Mons., I, 117; — var. capitata, v. A. v. R.,
Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 18; — var. grandiscapia, v. A. v. R., 1. c, 1918, XI, 35.

Shoots erect from a decumbent base, to 30 cm. more or less long,
the . lower part simple, more or less angular, yellowish-grey, 1 V2 — 2 mm.
thick, the upper part pinnately compound; pinnae 6 — 10 on a side, the
lowest the longest, 10—15 cm. long, copiously 2 — 3-pinnate; ultimate
branchlets crowded, 6 — 12 mm. long, 3 — 4 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves. Leaves of the stipe erected, adpressed, triangular or triangular-
oblong, remote, to 4 mm. long, entire, acute, the base cordate, the basal
lobes hamato-incurvate, ciliolate ; leaves of the branched portion hetero-
morphous; leaves of the lower plane broadly lanceolate-oblong, subfalcate,
bronce-green above, pale beneath; of the main rachis 4—5 mm. long,
approximate, subspreading, subacute, the base unequally cordate, vrith
the basal lobes hamato-incurvate, the upper one the largest, or the lower
more rotundate, the upper edge minutely denticulate towards the base,

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELIOAE. a'. CAULESCENTES. 129

the upper base ciliolate, the lower provided with 0 — 6 short ciliae; of
the ultimate branchlets similar, crowded, 2 mm. long, hardly acute,
subtruncate-rotundate at the base, the jipper base very minutely serrulate,
the lower entire or hardly ciliolate; leaves of the upper plane erect,
oblong; of the main rachis acuminate to shortly cuspidate, more or less
minutely denticulate, or entire towards the base, somewhat keeled, the
base cordate or semicordate like in the leaves of the lower plane and
more or less ciliolate; of the ultimate branchlets smaller, shortly cuspidate
or acuminate, entire, rotundate-cuneate on the inner side at the base,
produced and rotundate to cordate on the outer side. Spikes square, to
20 mm. long, 1 mm. diam. ; sporophylla broadly ovate, acute, keeled,
minutely denticulate; macrospores yellowish-white, more or less rugulose
or reticulate, the apical ribs encircled by a crest-shaped ring; microspores
yellowish or whitish, provided with conical projections on the basal side.

Forma typica. — Java^ Sumatra.

War. capitata : Microspores provided with sessile or short-stalked
capitate projections. — Java (?).

Var. granditscapia : Large plants; shoots 40 — 60 cm. long,
the branches proportionally larger; stipes 3 — 4 mm. thick; ultimate
branchlets narrower, 2 — 2 'A mm. broad including the lateral leaves which
are Vk mm. long and more distinctly ciliolate-denticulate on the upper
edge in the lower half; microspores as in var. capitata. — Sumatra.

(78) S. ptcriphyllos, Spring, Mon., II, 162; Bk., Fern All., 95;
S. myosuroides, Pr., Abh. Boehm. Ges., Ill, 581.

Shoots erect, to 30 cm. long, simple in the lower part, deltoid and
decompound in the upper part; lower pinnae deltoid, 3-pinnate; ultimate
branchlets to 8V2 mm. long, VU mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
Leaves of the stipe decussate, remote, ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, semi-
cordate and ciliate at the base, the auricle incurvate-hamate ; leaves of the
branches heteromorphous ; leaves of the lower plane erecto-patent, lanceolate-
oblong, acute, contiguous only on the ultimate branchlets, dark-green
above, pale-glittering beneath, moderately firm, nearly equal-sided, narrowed
from the middle to the base, the upper edge serrulate towards the apex,
gradually ciliate towards the rotundate-cuneate base, the lower edge
entire, or sparingly ciliate at the base; of the main rachis remote, 2 mm.
long by 1 mm. broad; of the branchlets bluntish, I'A— r/2 mm. long;
leaves of the upper plane to V2 as long, erect, obovate, short-cuspidate,
Fehn Allies. 9

180 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. monosteLicae. a*. caulesCentHs.

minutely denticulate; of the main rachis remote, the base obliquely
cordate, produced, incurved and ciliated on the outer side; of the 'branchlets
close, subentire, the inner base rotundate-cuneate, the outer base produced,
rotundate-cordate, the auricle not incurved.
Philippines.

'-t

(79) S. Jagori, Wafh., Mons., I, 116.

Shoots erert, 40—50 cm. long, the lower part simple, yellow, 2—3
mm. thick, the upper part branched, broadly ovate or suborbicular ;
branches few, 6 — 7 on each side, the lower pinnately decompound; branch-
lets 1 — 2Vs cm. long, often forked, 2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
Leaves of the stipe adpressed, broadly ovate, 2 — 3 mm. long, acuminate,
truncate or semicordate at the base; leaves of the branches heteromorphous ;
leaves of the lower plane spreading, remote; of the main rachis subfalcate-
ovate, 4 mm. long, acute, narrowed at the base, the upper side ciliolate-
denticulate, gradually long-ciliate at the broadly rotundate-cuneate base;
of the branchlets erecto-patent, sublanceolate, 2 mm. long, bluntish, the
upper side subentire towards the apex, gradually ciliate towards the
cuneate base, the upper base slightly produced; leaves of the upper plane
suberect, ovate; of the main rachis broadly adnate at the base, hardly
obliquely cordate, hardly falcate, 2V2 mm. long, cuspidate; of the ultimate
branchlets similar, shorter, imbricate, long-cuspidate, the cusp Vx — ^U as
long as the blade. Spikes 7 — 12 mm. long, square, 2 — 2V2 mm. diam. ;
spwophylla ovate, acuminate, distinctly keeled, glittering, ciliolate at the
edge; macrospores irregularly rugulose on the basal half; microspores
capitato-verruculose on the basal half

Luzon.

(80) H. luxonensis, Mieron., Hedwi., XLI, 181.

Shoots erect from a creeping base, hardly 25 cm. long, the lower
Vs part simple, dirty-grey-green, hardly IV2 mm. thick, the upper part
subflabellately pinnate, ovate or orbicular in outline; pinnae sessile,
pinnately compound, with the lower and central pinnulae pinnate or
dichotomous, the higher simple or forked; branches with the rachises
4 — 5 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets Vk — 2 mm.
broad. Leaves of the stipe isomorphous, ovate-oblong, long-acuminate,
minutely denticulate; leaves of the branched portion heteromorphous;
lateral leaves rather spuriously veined on the aligular side, inequilateral;

103. SELAGINELLA. A*. MONOSTELICAE. a^ CAULESCENTES. 1 31

those of the main rachis 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, denticulate on the
upper side; those of the secondary rachises broadly oblong, bluntish,
minutely denticulate on the upper side, entire on the lower side except
at the apex; of the branchlets ovate-oblong, subacute, straight, rather
subfalcate, minutely denticulate on the upper side in the lower half, Vh mm.
long, Vi mm. broad; leaves of the upper plane ovate, long-aristate-cuspidate,
cordate-auriculate on the outer side at the base, rotund ate-cuneate on the
inner side at the base, the cusp V2 — Vs as long as the blade; those of the
main rachis piloso-denticulate towards at the apex, the largest 3 mm, long,
1 mm. broad ; those of the branchlets smaller, more or less pellucid-margined
towards the apex. Spikes square, to 5 mm. long, 2 — 2Vi mm. diam. ;
sporophylla nearly isomorphous, equal-sided, ovate, aristate-cuspidate,
hardly auricled at the base, densely piloso-denticulate, the ventral ones
somewhat larger, the largest to I'A mm. long, 1 mm. broad; macrospores
yellowish-white, finely and irregularly reticulate-rugulose on the basal
half; microspores provided with baculiform or capitate projections on the
basal side.
Luzon.

(81) S. parvifrons, r. A. r. «., Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 84.

Shoots erect from a decumbent base, 20 cm. or more high, the lower
(shorter) part simple, J mm. thick, irregularly angular and grooved when
dry, the upper (longer) part branched, lanceolate-ovate in outline, 15 cm.
or more long; pinnae suberect, the higher simple or forked, the lower
pinnate, to 10 cm. long; pinnulae suberect, simple or forked; ultimate
branchlets VU — 2V2 cm. long, 3 'A — 4V2 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves. Leaves of the stipe subisomorphous, rather remote, erect, oblong,
3 mm. long, shortly cuspidate-acuminate, entire, obliquely rotundate-
subcordate at the base; leaves of the branched portion heteromorphous ;
leaves of the lower plane more or less ascending; of the main rachis
approximate, falcate-oblong, 4V2 — 5 mm. long, V2 as broad, bluntish or
subacute, unequal-sided, the upper side rounded, minutely denticulate in
the lower half, cuneate at the base, the lower side nearly straight, entire,
narrowly rotundate-truncate at the base; of the branchlets similar but
less unequal-sided, to 4 mm. long, to 2 mm. broad, close or imbricate,
spuriously 2-nerved, indistinctly pellucid-margined on the upper side in
the lower half; leaves of the upper plane erect; of the main rachis similar
to those of the stipe, close, hardly longer, distinctly broader, subentire or

132 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELIOAE. a^ CAULESCENTES.

very minutely denticulate, more cordate and hamato-incurvate on the
outer side at the base; of the branchlets similar, the largest I'A — 2 mm.
long, entire, not incurved at the base, -the cusp Va as long as the blade.
Spikes solitary, square, to 2 cm. long, I'A — 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla
ovate, acute, keeled, minutely denticulate, the largest IVs — VU mm. long;
macrospores vsfhitish, irregularly reticulate-rugulose, the apical ribs encircled
by a ring-shaped crest; microspores whitish to yellow, provided with
bacilliform or stipitate-capitate projections on the basal side.
Borneo.

(82) S. frondosu. JTafb., Mons., I, 117; S. flabellata, Bk. (not
Spring), Journ. of Bot., XVIII, 217 ; — var. borneensis, Hieron., Engl. Bot.
Jahrb., XLIV, 511; — var. ciliata, v. A. v. R., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI,
48; — var. splendida, v. A. v. R., Bull. Btz., 1912, VII, 31.

Shoots erect, 35 — 50 cm. long, the lower part simple, TA— 4 mm.
thick, yellowish-grey when dry, subterete or rather obtusely quadrangular,
grooved when dry, the upper part compound, oblong, roundish or trans-
versely oblong, to 35 cm. broad; pinnae 8—16 on a side, contiguous, the
lowest the largest, 3-pinnate, to 25 cm. long, to 20 cm. broad, the higher
simply pinnate, the highest simple or forked; ultimate branchlets crowded,
to 1 cm. or more long, 2 'A— 3 mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
Leaves of the stipe isomorphous, erected, adpressed, triangular or oblong,
2V2 — 4 mm. long, acute, the base rotundate-truncate or semi cordate, entire
to ciliolate; leaves of the branched part heteromorphous; leaves of the lower
plane dark-bright-green above, green or glaucescent beneath, approximate,
more or less ascending; of the main rachis oblong, subfalcate, slightly
inequilateral, subobtuse, obliquely truncate-rotundate to cordate and more
or less ciliolate on both sides at the base, entire, but minutely denticulate
on the upper side towards the base, the largest leaves 5—6 mm. long
and half as broad ; of the branchlets subsimilar, 2—4 mm. long, relatively
narrower, contiguous or somewhat imbricated, rotundate-subcordate to
-subcuneate at the base, vdth the lower base provided with 0—4 short
ciliae ; leaves of the upper plane erected, adpressed ; of the main rachis
to 4 mm. long, oblong, much acuminated or shortly cuspidate, more or
less keeled, entire or obsoletely denticulate, with the base more or less
cordate, often sparingly ciliolate, produced and mostly distinctly hamato-
incurvate on the outer side ; of the ultimate branchlets smaller, shortly
cuspidate, entire or ciliolate at the base, the inner base rotundate or

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. CAULESCENTES. 133

rotundate-cuneate, the outer base produced, cordate. Spikes square, 1—2
cm. long, 1—1 Va mm. diam.; sporophylla isomorphous, erecto-patent, ovate,
acute, keeled, entire or very minutely denticulate, the largest Vk mm.
long; macrospores pale-orange, yellowish or whitish, irregularly rugulose
or reticulate on the basal side, the apical ribs encircled by a ring-shaped
crest; microspores yellowish or whitish, provided with conical, tuber-
culiform, capitate, stipitate-capitate or bacilliform projections on the
basal side.

Forma typica. — Sumatra to the Andamans.

War. borneenisiii : Leaves of the lower plane more falcate,
more acute; of the upper plane acuminate. — Borneo.

War. cilia! a: Leaves of the lower plane strongly ciliated at the
base ; of the upper plane acuminate. — Borneo.

War. spicndifla: Leaves of the lower plane (of the branchlets)
rather sparingly, minutely denticulate (not ciliolate) on the upper side at
the base. — Sumatra.

(83) S. lalifroiis, Warb., Mons., I, 120.

Shoots erect, BO — 70 cm. long, the lower part simple, terete, 2V2 — 3V2
mm. thick, yellowish when dry, the upper (larger) part branched, broadly
ovate ; branches copious, the lower to 20 cm. long, decompound, the higher
pinnate, 2 — 4 cm. long; branchlets 1 — 2 cm. long, 3 — 6 mm. broad
including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stem adpressed, ovate, 4 ram.
long, acute, truncate at the base; leaves of the branches heteromorphous;
leaves of the lower plane spreading, contiguous, very oblique, subfalcate-
ovate; of the secondary rachises to 6 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, dark-
green above, pale and glittering beneath, not ciUate, subacute, the upper
side very minutely denticulate, broadly rounded and subbullate at the
base ; of the branchlets lanceolate-falcate, entire, rotundate-cuneate at the
base, rather spuriously veined, 3 — 4 mm. long; leaves of the upper plane
erect; of the secondary rachises ovate, 3 mm. long, cuspidate-acuminate,
the inner side very minutely denticulate, cuneate at the base, the outer
side entire, auriculate-cordate at the base, keeled ; of the branchlets
.similar, shorter, the outer base slightly produced, rounded. . Spikes 8—12
mm. long, 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla ovate, Vl-i mm. long, acuminate,
minutely denticulate, keeled, glittering; macrospores yellow- white, rugulose;
microspores with conical projections on the basal half.

Luzon.

134 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. CAULESCENTES.

(84) S. |iung;enAirolia, r. A. «. A., in Bull. 6tz., 1911, I, 20.
Shoots eroct, 30 cm. more or less long, simple, angular and grooved in

the lower Vs — Vs, branched upwards, with the branches and leaves hable to
curl up in drought; pinnae not copious, 2-pinnate, with the branchlets simple
or forked ; ultimate branchlets to 2 cm. long, 2 — 3 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves. Leaves of the stipe and lower part of the main rachis
isoniorphous, erect, triangular-subulate, the margin spinuloso-ciliate, the
base cordate; leaves of the branches heteromorphous ; lateral leaves
somewhat remote and subspreading on the rachises, more or less contiguous
and erecto-patent or slightly remote and subspreading on the branchlets,
those of the ultimate branchlets falcate, to I'A mm. long, to nearly 1 mm.
broad, firm, the apex very acute or sharply acuminate, both edges con-
spicuously and more or less remotely setulose or spinuloso-ciliate towards
the base, gradually more or less sharply dentate or denticulate towards
the apex, the base broadly adnate, with the free corners narrowly rounded
or the lower one narrowly truncate; intermedial leaves lanceolate,
those of the branchlets I'A — IV2 mm. long, V2 — "A mm. broad, sharply
acuminate, the margin remotely setulose or spinuloso-ciliate towards the
base, more or less sharply dentate or denticulate towards the apex, the
base very oblique, cuneate on the inner side, produced and cuneate to
cordate on the outer side. Spikes to 2 cm. long, square or nearly so,
2 mm. diam.; sporophylla isomorphous, ovate, I'A mm. long, acuminata,
keeled, remotely setulose or spinuloso-ciliate towards the base, more or
less denticulate or dentate towards the apex; macrospores yellowish-white,

densely and finely verruculose to rugulo.se; microspores — Very

distinct by its conspicuously acute and spinuloso-ciliate leaves, which give
the whole plant, when seen under the lens, a thorny appearance.
Java.

(85) SI. polynru, WTarb., Mons., I, 116, tab. IV A (not quite
correct); S. Merrillii, v. A. v. R., Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 21.

Shoots erect from a creeping base, 15—50 cm. long, the lower part
simple, rather terete, the upper part pinnate, lanceolate-ovate in outline,
to 35 cm. long, to 15 cm. broad at the base; pinnae ascending, 5 — 10 on
a side, the higher short, sinaple or forked, the lower linear-lanceolate,
pinnate, 3—15 cm. long, to 4 cm. broad at the base; pinnulae ascending,
simple or forked, or the larger ones laxly pinnate vrith 1 — 3 branchlets
on a side. Leaves of the stipe erect, adpressed, ovate, acute, semicordate

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. CAULESCENTES. 135

at the base; leaves of the branched portion heteromorphous, firm; lateral
leaves somewhat ascending; of the main rachis moderately remote, broadly
cordate-ovate, acuminate, pellucid-margined and minutely denticulate on
the upper side, 2V2— 3 mm. long, 2 — 2V2 mm. broad; of the branchlets
similar, imbricate, rather triangular, hardly falcate, rather equal-sided,
rounded to truncate on the upper side at the base, rounded to cordate
on the lov?er side, 1 — IV2 mm. long, Vt — 1 mm. broad; intermedial
leaves erect, adpressed; of the main rachis similar to those of the
stipe, parallel, nearly straight, keeled tov?ards the apex, acuminate,
distinctly and obliquely cordate at the base which is somewhat produced
on the outer side, the largest 2 — 2V2 mm. long; of the branchlets close,
broadly rhomboidal-oblong, acuminate, more or less denticulate-ciliolate,
keeled towards the apex, rotundate-cuneate on the inner side at the base,
cordate and somewhat produced on the outer side, the largest to V4 mm.
long and V2 mm. broad. Spikes "A — 6 cm. long, IVi — 2 mm. diam. ;
sporophylla ascending, broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, keeled, minutely
denticulate, to 2 mm. long; macro- and microspores as in S. caulescens
Spring.

Luzon, Mindanao.

(86) S. caudispica, r. A. e, n., Bull. Btz., 1918, XI, 35.

Shoots erect from a creeping base, 30—40 cm. long, the lower part
simple, stramineous, terete or subterete, the upper part pinnate, ovate in
outline ; pinnae ascending, the higher simple or forked, the lower pinnate,
oblong, 4 — 10 cm. long and 2 — 5 cm. broad; pinnulae close, ascending,
simple or forked, or the lower subpinnate (3-furcate); branchlets ',2 — 4
cm. long, 2V2 — 4 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the
stem isomorphous, remote, erect, small, adpressed, ovate, acute, cordate
or semicordate at the base; leaves of the branches heteromorphous;
lateral leaves imbricate, subspreading, thick, subfalcate-oblong, acute,
spuriously nerved, with the upper side minutely denticulate in the lower
part, somewhat dilated and rotundate-cordate at the base, the lower side
entire, rotundate-cuneate at the base ; of the branchlets to 2 mm. long
and nearly 1 mm. broad; of the secondary rachises relatively broader;
intermedial leaves imbricate, erect, subparallel, acuminate, rather keeled,
subentire or minutely denticulate, with the inner base rotundate-cuneate,
the outer base rather produced, more or less auriculate-cordate, sparingly
ciliolate-denticulate. Spikes square, very long, 6 — 15 cm. long, IVj — 2

136 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. CAULESCENTES.

mm. diam., irregularly flexuose; sporophylla ascending, at length spreading,
triangular-ovate, IV2 — 2 mm. long, acute, minutely denticulate, keeled;
microspores whitish to yellowish-orange, provided with subcylindrical,
conical or stipitate-capitate projections on the basal side; macrospores ....
Borneo.

(87) S. IWarburgii, nteroH., Leafl., VI, 1988; S. microstachya,
Warb., Mons., I, 116; S. caulescens, Spring, Mon., II, 158, p. p.; (not
Lycopodium microstachyum, Desv.).

Shoots erect from a creeping base, 40 — 50 cm. long, the lower part
unbranched, terete, yellowish when dry, VU — 2 mm. thick, the upper
part branched; pinnae ascending, 8—10 on each side, the lower 2-pinnate,
12 — 18 cm. long, the higher simply pinnate, the highest hardly 1 cm.
long; branchlets ascending, 1—2 cm. long, 2 — 3 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves. Leaves of the stem erect, adpressed, broadly ovate, 2 — 8 mm.
long, subacute, produced on the outer side at the base, hardly ciliate at
the edge; leaves of the branches heteromorphous ; those of the lower
plane spreading, suboblique, subcordate-ovate, 2 mm. long, subacute,
ciliolate at the base, denticulate on the upper edge in the lower half;
those of the upper plane erect, ovate, IV2 mm. long, acuminate, somewhat
keeled, denticulate; leaves of the branchlets similar but smaller; those
of the lower plane imbricate, rather rotundate on the upper side at the
base, cuneate-truncate on the lower side at the base. Spikes short, 3 — 5
mm. long, square, hardly 1 mm. diam.; sporophylla imbricate, nearly
orbicular, hardly Va mm. long, subcuspidate, minutely denticulate, strongly
keeled.

Luzon.

(88) $1. Itoschai, Miefon., Hedwi., LI, 243.

Shoots erect, 25 — 30 cm. long, the lower part simple, subterete,
somewhat compressed, to IVs mm. thick at the base, the upper part
subpinnately compound, ovate or ovate-oblong in outline; lower pinnae
branched, ovate or oblong, with the pinnulae on the lower side whether
or not elongated ; higher pinnae simple or forked ; lower pinnulae pinnate
or repeatedly forked. Leaves of the stem subdecussate, deltoid-ovate,
equal-sided, piloso-denticulate, cordate and ciliolate on both sides at the
base, the largest 1 mm. long and 7a — 'A mm. broad; leaves of the branches
heteromorphous; leaves of the lower plane subovate-oblong, falcate,

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. CAULESCENTES. 137

subequilateral, rounded on the upper side, truncate on the lower side at
the base, copiously ciliated on the upper edge in the lower half, otherwise
entire, the largest 2 mm. long and 'A mm. broad, provided with scattered
sclerotic cells ; leaves of the upper plane falcate-ovate, equal-sided, shortly
acuminate, entire or sparingly piloso-denticulate, sparingly pellucid-dotted,
rounded on the inner side, subcordate-ovate, hardly produced and provided
with 1 — 2 ciliae on the outer side at the base, the largest 1 mm. long
and V2 mm. broad.
Borneo.

(89) S. caulescens, Spring, Mon., II, 158; Bk., Fern All., 94,
p. p.; S. circmalis, Pr., Abh. Boehm. Ges., Ill, 583; S. involvens, Hieron.
(not Spring), Hedwi., L, 2; Lycopodium involvens, Sw., Syn. Fil., 182;
L. circinale, Thb., Flor. Jap., 841; L. caulescens, Wall., Cat., No. 137; —
van brachypoda, Bk., 1. c, 95; — var. bellula, Hieron., 1. c, 4; S. bellula,
Ces., Fel. di Bor., 36.

Shoots erect from a creeping or scandent base, generally 15 — 45 cm.
long or longer, the lower part unbranched, the upper part compound,
the stem varying from relatively short to long, terete or nearly so, not
angular, with isomorphous, erected, adpressed, spaced, ovate-lanceolate
leaves; pinnae close or approximate, deltoid, ovate-lanceolate or linear;
pinnulae more or less copiously pinnate with ascending, often contiguous,
simple, forked or pinnate tertiary branches; final branchlets 5 — 35 mm.
long, 2 'A — 4 mm. broad including the lateral leaves, those of the most
compound forms often the narrowest, and vice-versa, liable to curl up in
dro.ught. Leaves of the branches heteromorphous; leaves of the lower plane
subcontiguous to imbricated, oblong, I'A — 2 'A mm. long, rather ascending,
bluntish to acuminate, bright-green, firm in texture, rather unequal-sided,
spuriously nerved, rounded or cordate at the base, the upper side
ciliolate or minutely denticulate at least towards the base, the upper
base more or less imbricated over the rachis, the lower side entire, or
denticulate to ciliolate or plicated and lacerato-donticulate at the base;
leaves of the upper plane V* — Va as long, erected, adpressed, entire or
denticulate, acuminate or subcuspidate, straight or curved, imbricated,
the base more or less truncate or semicordate, produced on the outer
side. Spikes square, 5 — 40 mm. long, I'A mm. diam. ; sporophylla ovate-
acuminate, entire or serrulate, keeled; macrospores white, yellow or brown,
compressed, lentiform, encircled by an equatorial wing; microspores

138 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. CAULESCENTES.

verruculose with cylindrical, semiglobose or conical projections on the
basal half. — Very variable. — In order to avoid confusion the name
S. caulescens Spring is maintained though I acknowledge that the name
S. involvens Hieron. has a legitimate claim on priority.

Forma typica: Shoots 15 — 45 cm. long, the stipes proportionally very
long; largest pinnae deltoid to ovate-lanceolate. — Br. India to N&io Guinea.

War. brachypoda : Like the type, but the stipes proportionally
very short. — Java.

Vai*. bcllula: Shoots 50—75 cm. long; largest pinnae linear or
linear-lanceolate, relatively narrow, narrowed gradually from base to apex ;
otherwise like the type but the pinnulae not rarely simple or forked only,
and the spikes up to even 15 cm. long, 1— TA mm. diam. — Specimens
occuring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium or cultivated in the Buitenzorg Gardens
have the young plants with the shoots linear-lanceolate, similar in shape to
the pinnae of adult plants. — Western Malaya^ Philippines, New Guinea.

(90) S. striolala, Wafh., Mens., I, 116.

Shoots erect from a creeping base, 40 cm. long, the lower part simple,
terete, VU mm. thick, yellowish when dry, the upper part branched;
pinnae oblique, 8 on each side, often 2-piunate, the lower 15 cm. long,
the higher 2 — 3 cm. long; branchlets ascending, 6—15 mm. long, 2 — 2 'A
mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stipe adpressed,
ovate IV2 — 2 mm. long, acute, peltate or semicordate at the base, hardly
ciliolate; leaves of the branches heteromorphous ; of the lower plane
erecto-patent, subremote, broadly ovate, Vk — 2V2 mm. long, subobliquely
acuminate, the base truncate-cordate, apparently spuriously veined, the
upper side pellucid-margined, minutely denticulate, the lower side sparingly
denticulate at the very base; of the upper plane erect, ovate, 1 mm.
long, acute, somewhat keeled, minutely denticulate, ciliolate at the
obliquely cordate base; leaves of the branchlets similar but smaller; of
the lower plane subimbricate, truncate-rotundate at the base, the upper
side sparingly denticulate, entire towards the apex; of the upper plane
obliquely rounded at the base, not ciliolate. Spikes 8 — 15 mm. long,
square, 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla subsquarrose, ovate-lanceolate, I'A mm.
long, acute, gradually acuminate, strongly keeled, minutely denticulate;
macrospores brown, compressed, encircled by an equatorial plicate-undulate
wing; microspores

Luzon.

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. CAULESCENTES. 139

(91) S. aeiiea, Wufb., Mons., I, 115.

Shoots erect, 60 cm. long, the lower part simple, 2 mm. thick,
yellowish when dry, the upper part branched, broadly ovate in outline;
branches 8 on each side, decompound, the lower 3-pinnate, to 20 cm.
long, the upper simply pinnate, 2 cm. long; branchlets 'A — 1 cm. long,
I'A mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stem adpressed,
ovate, 2 — 3 mm. long, acute, not produced at the base; leaves of the
branches heteromorphous, dark-green above, paler beneath, glossy and
bronce-glittering on both sides; of the lower plane oblique-patent, broadly
lanceolate, subfalcate, 3 — 5 mm. long, truncate at the base, subacute,
the upper side minutely or obsolately denticulate towards the apex,
gradually ciliate towards the narrowly rotundate-truncate base, the lower
side entire, sparingly ciliate at the truncate-subcordate base; of the upper
plane erect, ovate, IV2 — 2 mm. long, shortly cuspidate-acuminate, keeled,
the inner side minutely denticulate, narrowed at the base, the outer side
subentire, or sparingly ciliolate at the subauriculate-cordate base; leaves
of the branchlets similar but shorter and narrower; of the lower plane
lanceolate, IV2 mm. long, Vj mm. broad, ciliated in the lower half, hardly
contiguous, rather somewhat remote, not produced at the base; of the
upper plane ovate, rather entire, keeled, acuminate. Spikes square, 5 — 7
mm. long, TA mm. diam.; sporophylla subsquarose, broadly ovate, 'A mm.
long, acute, keeled, glittering, ciliolate; macrospores irregularly riigulose;
microspores capitato-verruculose.

Mindanao.

(92) S. alltoinargiiiata, tTarb., Mons., I, 119, tab. IV B.
Shoots erect, 30 — 40 cm. long, the lower part simple, deeply grooved,

2 mm. thick, the upper part branched, more broad than long; branches
5 on a side, the lowest to 15 cm. long, 2-pinnate, the highest 1 — 2 cm.
long, forked or hardly pinnate; branchlets 1 — 2 cm. long, 4 — 5 mm. broad
including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stem adpressed, broadly
lanceolate, 4 mm. long; leaves of the branches heteromorphous; of the
lower plane spreading, remote, subfalcate-lanceolate, to 6 mm. long, dark-
green above, more or less distinctly spuriously veined, paler and glittering
beneath, subacute, rounded on the upper side and cuheate on the lower
side at the base, the upper side dilated, pellucid-margined, denticulate;
of the upper plane lanceolate, 4 mm. long, hardly oblique, cuspidate-
acuminate, keeled, minutely denticulate, pellucid-margined, the inner base

140 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. CAULESCENTES.

cuneate, the outer base narrowly auriculate, the auricle acute, straight
or incurved, spur-like; leaves of the branchlets similar; of the lower plane
3 mm. long, narrowly rotundate-curvate at the upper base; of the upper
plane 2 mm. long, narrowly rounded at the outer base. Spikes 6 — 8
mm. long, square, 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla lanceolate, acuminate, den-
ticulate, albo-marginate, IV2 mm. long; macrospores white, finely rugulose-
reticulate; microspores reddish, capitato-verruculose on the basal half.
New Guinea.

(93) S. Brausei, JIteron., Fed., Rep., X, 41.

Shoots 30 — 40 cm. long, the lower part simple, tetragonal, Vk — 2
mm. thick at the base, the upper part decompound, ovate in outline,
sometimes 2-partite at the base with the fork-branches similarly decom-
pound; pinnae lanceolate, ovate or obovate in outline; lower pinnulae
pinnate, with the lower branches simple or forked and the central one or
more times forked. Leaves of the stipe and lower part of the main rachis
isomorphous, equilateral, triangular, cordate at the base, acute or acuminate,
keeled, denticulate on both sides, ciliate at the base; leaves of the bran-
ches and the upper part of the main rachis heteromorphous ; lateral leaves
ascending, obliquely falcate-ovate, subacute, spuriously nerved, denticulate
on the upper side which is ciliolated at the rotundate-cuneate base, entire
on the lower edge which is provided with 0 — 2 ciliae at the rotundate-
truncate or cordate-truncate base; of the main rachis the largest, rather
remote, to 2V4 mm. long, to 1 mm. broad; of the ultimate branchlets
close, to 1 mm. long and V2 mm. broad; intermedial leaves erect, ovate,
shortly acuminate, pellucid-dotted; of the principal rachises minutely den-
ticulate on both sides, sparingly ciliate at the obliquely cordate base, the
largest leaves 1 'A mm. long and "4 mm. broad ; of the branchlets smaller,
obliquely rotundate-cuneate at the base, rather entire. Spikes solitary,
'A — 1 cm. long, 1 mm. diam.; sporophylla nearly isomorphous, subdoltoid-
ovate, shortly acuminate, nearly keeled, copiously denticulate on both
sides, the ventral ones somewhat larger, the largest hardly 1 mm. long;
macrospores yellowish or yellowish-white, rugulose, the rumples often
flexuose, ramose or reticulate; microspores orange or yellowish, sparingly
provided with shorl-stalked, capitate projections on the basal side.

Mindanao.

(94) S. cupressina, Spring, Mon., U, 113, p. p.; S. pennula,

103. SELAGINELLA. Al MONOSTELICAK. a'. CAULESCENTES. 141

Spring, 1. c, 160; Bk., Fern All., 95, p. p.; S. flabellata. Spring, Bk., 1. c,
98, p. p.; ? S. debilis, Ces., Fel. Becc. Polin., 6; Lycopodium cupressinum,
Willd., Spec, V, 42; — var. anceps; S. anceps, Pr., Abh. Boehm. Ges.,
Ill, 581.

Shoots 30 — 60 cm. or more long, erect or ascending from a trailing
base, the lower part simple, stipitiform, obtusely quadrangular, the upper
part docompound, ovate or deltoid in outline: lower pinnae erecto-patent
or spreading, ovate or deltoid, 2 — 4-pinnate, to 15 cm. or more long, the
contiguous final branchlets to 10 mm. long, IV4 — 2 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stipe isomorphous, decussate, remote,
ovate-lanceolate or triangular-oblong, erect, adpressed, acute, ciliolate or
denticulate, cordate at the base; leaves of the branches heteromorphous,
crowded ; leaves of the lower plane ascending ; of the secondary rachises
lanceolate-oblong, to 2V2 mm. long, bluntish or acute, nearly equal-sided,
the lower ones cordate at the base, entire, but the upper side ciliate or
ciliolate-denticulate in the lower half, the lower side provided with 0 — 6
ciliae at the base; of the branchlets to VU mm. long, more narrowly
rotundate on the upper side and rather truncate-cuneate on the lower
side at the base, less copiously denticulate-ciliolate ; leaves of the upper
plane erect, Vs — 'A as long, oblique-oblong, acute, entire or somewhat
denticulate, the base produced on the outer side ; of the secondary rachises
remote or subcontiguous, auriculate-cordate and provided with 0—4 ciliae
on the outer side at the base; of the branchlets similar but the outer
base more rotundate. Spikes square, 5 — 40 mm. long, I'm mm. diam.;
sporophylla ovate, acuminate, keeled, entire or serrulate.

Forma typica: Macrospores whitish, irregularly verruculose-rugulose ;
microspores yellow, provided with sessile or stipitate-capitate projections
on the basal side.

Wav. anceps: Macrospores yellowish, reticulate-rugulose ; micro-
spores minium-red, prickly.

Borneo and the Philippines to New Guinea, Sumhaica (? Golfs No. VII).

(95) S. Icytensfs, Jltero«., Fed., Rep., X, 43.

Shoots erect, 30—40 cm. long, or longer, the lower part simple,
obtusely quadrangular, subterete, smooth, dirty-stramineous, hardly more
than IV4 mm. thick, the upper part decompound, ovate in outline; largest
pinnae lanceolate or ovate; lower pinnulae pinnate or dichotomous, central
ones one or more times forked; ultimate branchlets Vk mm. broad

142 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a^ CAULESCENTES.

including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stem isomorphous, equal-sided,
cordate-subulate, minutely denticulate, ciliated at the base; leaves of the
branches heteromorphous; leaves of the lower plane lanceolate-oblong,
subfalcate, acuminate, nearly equal-sided, cordate or subtruncate-cordate
at the base, spuriously striolate-venulose, vdth the upper edge piloso-
denticulate in the lower half, ciliated at the base, the lower edge entire,
with 0 — 4 ciliae at the base, the midrib thickened towards the apex; of the
principal rachises the largest, 2Vz mm. long, hardly more than 1 mm. broad;
of the ultimate branchlets smaller, ascending; leaves of the upper plane
ovate, oblique at the base, rather produced, cordate and more or less
ciliated on the outer side at the base, acuminate, piloso-denticulate,
sparingly pellucid-dotted, the largest leaves VU ram. long, those of the
ultimate branchlets often quite entire. Spikes solitary, 3 — 7 mm. long,
1 — IV2 mm. diam.; sporophylla deltoid-ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate,
keeled, piloso-denticulate, the ventral ones a little larger, to 1 mm. long;
macrospores whitish, irregularly rugulose with short or elongated, flexuose,
branched or reticulated ridges on the basal side; microspores orange or
yellowish, sparingly provided with stipitate-capitate projections. — A
dupUcate of Elmer's No. 7058, occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium, has
the lateral leaves bluntish, the sporophylla acute, the projections of the
microspores partly bacilliform.
Leyte.

(96) S. flabelloi<Ies, iFarft,, Mons., I, 118; S. flabellata, Spn'wg',
Bk., Fern AIL, 98, p. p.

Shoots erect, 35 — 60 cm. long, the lower part simple, IVs — 2 'A mm.
thick, angular, distinctly grooved, the upper (smaller) part branched,
broadly ovate in outline; lowest branches 3-pinnate; branchlets 6 — 10 mm.
long, 2 — 4 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stem
adpressed, lanceolate-triangular, 3 mm. long, acute, the base truncate to
cordate, ciliolate; leaves of the branched portion heteromorphous; those of
the lower plane distant, subspreading, broadly lanceolate, 2V-2 — S'A mm. long,
subfalcate, subacute, not oblique, black-green above, paler, glittering and
distinctly spuriously veined beneath, the base truncate, ciliate, rounded
on the upper side, partly hiding the rachis, with 0 — 4 ciliae on the lower
side; those of the upper plane ascending, ovate, oblique, 2— 2V2 mm. long,
acute, hardly acuminate, keeled; leaves of the branchlets similar but
smaller; those of the lower plane close but not imbricate, IV2 — 2 mm.

103. SELAGINELLA. Ai. MONOSTELICAE. a'. CAULESCENTES. 143

long; those of the upper plane I'A ram. long. Spikes 10 — 15 mm. long,
square, IV2 mm. diam., glittering; sporophylla ovate, IV4 mm. long, acute,
keeled; macrospores white, ruguloso-retieulate on the basal half, with the
apical ribs surrounded by a ring-like crest ^ microspores capitate- verruculose
on the basal half.
Luzon.

(97) S. pciitngona, Spring, Mon., II, 150; Bk., Fern All., 96.
Shoots ascending, 30 — 45 cm. long, sometimes lengthened, nutant

and taking root at the apex, the lower part simple, firm, woody, IV2 — 2
mm. thick, unequally 4 — 5-angular, the upper part pinnately compound;
pinnae suberect, the lower 2 — 3-pinnate; ultimate branchlets crowded,
erect, 6—25 mm. long, 3 — 4V4 mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
Leaves of the stem isomorphous, erected, distant, lanceolate-oblong, sub-
2-auriculate, entire; leaves of the main rachis and branches heteromorphous;
leaves of the lower plane contiguous, ascending, lanceolate-ovate, falcate, 2 — 4
mm. long, Vs as broad, acute, entire or very minutely denticulate, rounded
on the upper side at the base, the lower base very slightly auricled; of
the principal rachises the largest; leaves of the upper plane 'A — Vs as
long, lanceolate-oblong, acute, rather keeled, pellucid-margined, mostly
entire, somewhat produced on the outer side at the base; of the main
rachis rotundate-cordate ; of the branchlets rotundate-cuneate at the base.
Spikes short, square, I'A^ — 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla ovate-lanceolate,
acute, keeled, minutely denticulate, pale-margined; macrospores white or
yellowish, tuberculate or verruculose; microspores dirty-yellow or minium-
red, minutely tuberculato-verruculose.
Celebes (? t. Christ); Br. India.

(98) S. suflruticosa, r. A. r. H., Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 22.
Shoots erect from a short-creeping base, 35 — 40 cm. long, the lower

part simple, firm, woody, 2—8 mm. thick, obtusely 4 — 5-angular, the
upper part pinnately compound; pinnae suberect, the lower 2 — 3-pinnate;
ultimate branchlets crowded, conspicuously ascending, 5 — 30 mm. long,
3 'A — 4V2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stipe
isomorphous, erected, adpressed, triangular-oblong, acute or acuminate,
entire, keeled, broadly adnate at the base, the free corners varying from
narrowly rounded to truncate or cordate, entire, denticulate or shortly
ciliate; leaves of the main rachis and branches heteromorphous; leaves of

144 103. SELAGINELLA. Ai. MONOSTELICAE. a*. CAULESCENTES.

the lower plane contiguous, ascending, lanceolate-oblong, dark above, pale
beneath, slightly falcate, firm; those of the branchlets much imbricated
over the rachis, somewhat imbricate, bluntish, obsoletely denticulate at
the apex, the upper edge entire, or minutely denticulate towards the
base, the lower edge entire, the upper base rounded, the lower base
narrowly truncate, rounded or rotundate-cuneate, sparingly ciliolate, the
largest leaves 3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, slightly dilated on the upper
side near the base; leaves of the upper plane imbricated, erected, ovate-
oblong, the largest 2 mm. long, shortly acuminate, nearly acute, entire
or obsoletely denticulate, keeled, the inner base rotundate-cuneate, the outer
base cordate, sparingly ciliolate, hardly produced. Spikes square, to 2 cm.
long, 2^2V2 mm. diam.; sporophylla triangular-ovate, imbricate, spreading,
or erecto-patent when young, acute, entire or obsoletely denticulate;
macrospores yellowish-white, smooth or irregularly reticulate, naked or
pulverulent, the apical ribs encircled by a ring-shaped crest; microspores
yellow or pale-orange, provided with subcylindrical or shortly stipitate-
capitate projections.
Java, New Guinea.

a. HoniOCOStachyS. 6. Pubeteentet.

M. Lateral leaves decurrent upon Die rachis.

A Rhizome 1-stelical. (99) S. Vogelii.

AA Rhizome 2-stelical. (100) S. Braunii.

*.*. Lateral leaves not decurrent, though sometimes more or less broadly
adnate at the base.
9. Ultimate branchlets 1 — 3 mm. broad.

3. Intermedial leaves cuspidate. (101) S. biformis.

3.3. Intermedial leaves blunt., acute or at best acuminate.
S. Lateral leaves narrowed at the base.
. . * Lateral leaves of branchlets oblong, very blunt.

(102) S. Dahhi.
♦• Lateral leaves of branchlets lanceolate, or not very
blunt. (103) S. Sonneratii.

4.J. Lateral leaves broad or cordate at the base.
6. Ultimate branchlets 1 — iVa mm. broad.

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. PUBESCENTES. 145

+ Leaves of the stipe isomorphous.

(104) S. angustiramea.
++ Leaves of the stipe heteromorphous.

(105) S. Hellwigii.
S.S. Ultimate branchlets Pit — 3 mm. broad.

e. Lateral leaves not distinctly spuriously veined.

(106) S. melanesica.

e.6. Lateral leaves distinctly spuriously veined.

9. Lateral leaves proportionally short and

broad. (107) S. Hieronymiana.

9.7. Lateral leaves proportionally long and

narrow. (108) S. d'Albertisii.

Z.9. Ultimate branchlets 3 — 5 mm. broad.

0 Branchlets crowded^ relatively narrow. (109) S. marosensis.

oo Branchlets loose, or relatively broad. (110) S. wariensis.

2.9.9. Ultimate branchlets more than 5 mm. broad. (Ill) S. Burkei.

(99) S. Woj^clii, Spring, Mon., II, 170.

Rhizome wide-creeping, subterraneous, pink-tinted, 1-stelical, scaly, the
scales remote, deciduously flocculent, those of the extremity ovate-oblong,
acuminate, lacerate-denticulate, pink-tinted, crowded. Shoots erect, 45 — 65
cm. high, the lower part simple, terete or subterete, deciduously pubescent,
pink-tinted at least towards the slightly compressed and somewhat grooved
base, the base 2 — 4 mm. thick, the upper part copiously branched, broadly
ovate, triangular or pentagonal in outline, 20 — 30 cm. long, 20 — 30 cm.
broad at or near the base; rachises pubescent beneath; pinnae many,
contiguous, ascending, the higher simple or forked, very short, the lower
the largest, stalked, 8 — 4-pinnate; pinnulae ascending, contiguous, the
higher simple or forked, the lower pinnately compound, the lowest
posterior not rarely produced; ultimate branchlets contiguous, 5—15 mm.
long, 3 — 5 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stipe
and lower part of the main and secondary rachises erect, very distant,
isomorphous, triangular, acute, minutely denticulate, peltate and truncate
at the base; leaves of the branches heteromorphous, flaccid, herbaceous,
bright-green or bluish above, pale-green beneath; lateral leaves sub-
rhomboidal-oblong; those of the principal rachises distant, horizontal or
Fern Allies. 10

146 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. PUBESCENTES.

nearly so, bluntish or subacute, entire, more or less cuneate, rounded or
truncate at the base, somewhat dilated on the upper side near the base,
laterally affixed, the largest 4 mm. long, 2— 2V2 mm. broad; those of the
ultimate branchlets nearly similar, crowded, more ascending, subequilateral,
with the upper base cuneate, the lower base adnate, rather decurrent, with
a small, rounded corner above the base, the largest leaves 2V2 mm. long,
1 — IVj mm. broad; leaves of the upper plane erect, rather parallel; those
of the principal rachises distant, triangular-falcate, incurved, long-acuminate
or cuspidate, entire, the largest 2 mm. long, with the inner base rounded
or truncate, the outer base cuneate, long-decurrent; those of the ultimate
branchlets smaller, imbricated, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, long-cuspidate,
the cusp as long as the blade, the inner edge slightly rounded, the outer
conspicuously so, the inner base rotundate-cuneate, the outer cuneate,
long-decurrent. Spikes often solitary, sometimes double, square, 5 mm.
more or less long, 1 mm. diam. ; sporophylla isomorphous, ovate, acuminate,
keeled, entire, erecto-patent, at length somewhat spreading; macrospores
whitish or yellowish, irregularly tuberculato- or conico-verrucose to sub-
rugulose, the projections of the basal side scattered, those of the apical
side crowded; microspores yellowish or whitish, tuberculato- or capitato-
verruculose to subrugulose. — The description is taken from a cultivated
specimen determined by Hieronymus.

In cultivation. — Orig. loc: West Africa (Cameroon to Gaboon,
Fernando Po).

(100) S. Braunii, J»fc., Fern All., 96; S. Hieronymi, v. A. v. B.,
Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 18.

Shoots erect or ascending from a creeping, subterraneous, lacerato-
squamulose, 2-stelical rhizome, simple in the lower part, decompound in
the upper part, the branched portion deltoid or ovate in outline, with
the branches liable to curl up in drought, the stem obtusely quadrangular
at the base, stramineous, 1- or sub-2-stelical, more or less deciduously
pubescent like the main rachis beneath; pinnae more or less ascending
or subspreading, the higher simple or forked, the largest triangular, ovate
er lanceolate-oblong, 2 — 3-pinnate, the rachises pubescent beneath; ultimate
branchlets 2—4 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the
stipe and lower part of the main rachis isomorphous, erect, remote, oblong,
2Vj mm. long and 1 mm. broad, the apex shortly but sharply acuminate,
the edges parallel, entire, the base irregularly truncate, peltate; leaves

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. Si'. PUBESCENTES. 147

of the branches and upper part of the main rachis heteromorphous;
lateral leaves somewhat distant on the main rachis, approximate or
contiguous on the branchlets, subspreading or somewhat ascending, recurved
and rugulose when dry; those of the branchlets rhomboid-oblong, the
largest 2 — 2V2 mm. long, 1 — I'A mm. broad, blunt, entire, recurved at
the edge, the upper base abruptly rotundate-cuneate, the lower decurrent ;
leaves of the upper plane erect, adpressed, lanceolate-oblong; those of
the ultimate branchlets close or approximate, the largest IV2 mm. long,
acuminate, entire, subparallel, straight or subfalcate, the higher obliquely
adnate, cuneate and decurrent on the outer side at the base, the lower
peltate and rounded at the base. Spikes short, square, IV4 — 2 mm. diam.;
sporophylla broadly ovate, to 2 mm. long, acuminate, keeled, entire;
macrospores pale-yellow, purplish or brownish, rugulose or verruculose;
microspores yellowish or pale-orange, provided with conical or cylindrical
projections which may be thickened at the apex.

Forma typica: Shoots rather large, 25 — 50 cm. long.

Forma Hieronymi: Shoots small, 7 'A— 20 cm. long, the branched
portion 5 — 15 cm. long, 4— 12Vs cm. broad.

In cultivaHon. — Orig. loc: China.

(101) S. biforiiiis, A. Bv., Hieron., Leafl., VI, 2001; 8. hirticaulis,
Warb., Mons., I, 114; S. cupressina. Spring, Mon., II, 113, p. p.

Shoots creeping, or ascending from a trailing base, 15 — 40 cm. long,
the stem yellowish, pubescent below with pale, deciduous hairs, as are
the rachises; pinnae ascending, to 25 on a side, 1 — 2-pinnate or once to
twice forked, rarely simple; ultimate branchlets 2 — 3 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral leaves spreading; of
the stem remote, ovate, hardly oblique, IV2 — 2V2 mm. long, acute, subentire
towards the apex, the upper side denticulate, ciliolate towards the sub-
cordate or rounded base, the lower side entire, or sparingly ciKolate at
the rounded or truncate-cuneate base; of the branchlets similar to those
of the stem but smaller, close or more or less imbricate; intermedial
leaves erect; of the stem broadly ovate, very oblique, V* — IV2 mm. long,
cuspidate-acuminate, minutely denticulate, the inner base rotundate-cuneate,
the outer base produced, rounded; of the branchlets cuspidate, hardly
denticulate, keeled. Spikes square, 6 — 12 mm. long, VU — 2 mm. diam.;
sporophylla ovate, 'A — 1 mm. long, acute, ciliolate-denticulate; macrospores
pale-grey or yellowish-white, irregularly rugulose-verruculose ; microspores

148 103. SELAGINELLA. Ai. MONOSTELICAE. a". PUBESCENTES.

dirty-yellow or orange, provided with shortly conical or bacilliform projec-
tions on the basal half.

Philippines across Celebes, Java, Sumatra to Assam, Burmah and
South China.

(102) S. Dalilii, JKeroi*., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 10.

Shoots ascending from a creeping base, 30 cm. long, the lower part
simple, compressed, when dry sometimes slightly angled and grooved,
grey-stramineous or dirty-coloured, densely puberulous, as are rachises,
to 2 mm. thick, the upper part 4-pinnate, ovate in outline, the main
rachis 7 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae ovate, to 15 cm.
long; ultimate, branchlets 2 — 3 mm. broad. Leaves of the stipe sub-
isomorphous, erect, remote; "of the lower plane elongate-deltoid, broadly
adnate, acute, the upper (inner) side remotely and minutely denticulate.
very shortly rotundate-cuneate at the base, the lower (outer) side entire, or
obscurely denticulate towards the apex, straight at the base, the largest
leaves 4 mm. long by hardly 1 mm. broad; of the upper plane deltoid-
oblong, acuminate, keeled, hardly and sparingly denticulate, the base
broadly adnate, narrowly auriculate and somewhat produced on the outer
side, rotundate-cuneate on the inner side ; leaves of the branches distinctly
heteromorphous; those of the lower plane spreading; of the secondary rachises
remote, elongate-oblong, subacute, the upper side rather sparingly den-
ticulate, rotundate-cuneate at the base, the lower side straight, the largest
leaves S'A mm. long by IV4 mm. broad; those of the upper plane erect;
of the secondary rachises approximate, obliquely ovate, acuminate, the
inner side rather minutely denticulate, rounded at the base, the outer
side subentire, denticulate at the produced cordate base, the largest
leaves 2V4 mm. long by 1 mm. broad; leaves of the branchlets smaller;
of the lower plane subfalcate-oblong, to IV2 mm. long and hardly more
than V2 mm. broad, obtuse, distinctly spuriously veined, the upper
base only sparingly denticulate and pellucid-margined; of the upper
plane imbricate, the inner side pellucid-margined in the upper part and
minutely denticulate, the outer side denticulate in the upper part and
pellucid-margined .

New Guinea.

(103) Si. ^onnoralii; Mieron., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 7.
Shoots ascending from a creeping base, 40—50 cm. long, the lower

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. PUBESCENTES. 149

part simple, subterete, slightly compressed, to 2 mm. thick, when dry
subangular and irregularly grooved, castaneous or dirty-coloured, the
upper part 4-pinnate, ovate in outline, the main rachis 7 mm. broad
including the lateral leaves; pinnae ovate or lanceolate, to 20 cm. long,
the rachises puberulous; ultimate branchlets hardly more than 2 mm.
broad. Leaves heteromorphous; leaves of the stipe scattered; of the
lower plane acute, minutely denticulate on both sides, broadest at the
rounded upper base, straight at the lower base, the largest 2V2 mm.
long and 1 mm. broad; of the upper plane obliquely ovate, aristate-
acuminate, slightly keeled, the inner side minutely denticulate, rounded
at the base, the outer side subentire, slightly decurrent at the base, the
largest leaves 2Vj mm. long and IVj mm. broad, with the cusp 'A as
long as the blade; leaves of the branched portion gradually approximate;
leaves of the main rachis the largest; of the lower plane very remote,
spreadmg, to S'A mm. long and IV2 mm. broad, obliquely lanceolate,
acute, the upper side minutely denticulate, pale-margined in the lower
74, rotundate-cuneate at the base, the lower side entire, rotundate-cuneate
at the base; of the upper plane obliquely ovate, to 2 'A mm. long and
IV2 mm. broad, subcuspidate-long-acuminate, the cusp Vs as long as the
blade, the sides partly narrowly pellucid-margined, the inner side remotely
denticulate, rotundate-cuneate at the base, the outer side hardly den-
ticulate, cordate-auriculate at the base, the auricle rounded ; leaves of the
branchlets similar but smaller; of the lower plane approximate, to IV2
mm. long and ';2 mm. broad, bluntish, narrowed at the base. Spikes
solitary, V/i mm. diam.; sporophylla subisomorphous, ovate, mucronate,
keeled, denticulate, the ventral ones the largest, to IV2 mm. long; macro-
spores more or less yellow, provided with simple sr branched, free or
connected rumples; microspores orange or yellowish, provided with short-
stalked, capitate projections on the basal side.
New Guinea.

(104) S. angujslirauiea, Muell. «f« BU., Journ. of Bot., XXVI, 26.

Shoots stiffly erect, to 30 cm. long, the stem slender, the lower part
simple, the upper part 3-pinnate; pinnae much ascending, deltoid-oblong,
5 — 7V2 cm. long, the rachises deciduously and finely hairy; branchlets
sometimes 2V2 — 4 cm. long, 1 — Vk mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
Leaves of the branches heteromorphous; lateral leaves crowded or nearly
close, suberect, liable to curl up in drought, nearly as broad as long,

150 103. SELAGINELLA. Ai. MONOSTELICAE. a«. PUBESCENTES.

blunt to mucronulate, the upper edge minutely denticulate, the lower
edge entire; of the rachises 1 mm. long, obliquely 2-auriculate-cordate at
the base and moderately copiously ciliolate, produced at the lower (outer)
base; of the branchlets smaller, more spreading, cordate and rather
sparingly ciliolate at the lower base; intermedial leaves erect; of the
rachises ovate, 1 mm. long, subacute, the inner edge denticulate, the
outer edge entire, the base obliquely cordate and sparingly ciliolate, much
produced on the outer side; of the branchlets smaller, hardly ciliolate at
the base, the inner base rotundate-cuneate, the outer base cordate, less
produced. Spikes shoi't, terminal, 1 mm. diam.; sporophylla ovate, acute,
keeled. — Plants recently gathered, and very probably identical with
this, agree with the following description : Shoots erect from an ascending
base, 30 — 60 cm. long, the lower part simple, terete, stramineous, IV2 — 2
mm. thick, the upper part copiously 4 — 5-pinnate, lanceolate-ovate in
outline, to 40 cm. long and 20 cm. broad, the rachises very sparingly
hairy; pinnae erecto-patent, lanceolate, to 20 cm. long; ultimate branchlets
1 — IV2 mm. broad. Leaves of the stipe erect, adpressed, the lower remote,
ovate, bluntish or acute, entire or partly very minutely denticulate,
broadly adnate, subpeltate, not produced at the base, the higher similar
to those of the main rachis; leaves of the main rachis isomorphous, erect,
remote, obliquely ovate, acute, the inner side minutely serrulate, ciliolate-
serrulate at the rounded base, the outer side minutely serrulate, auriculate-
cordate at the base, the auricle produced, slightly incurved, minutely and
irregularly eroso-ciliolate, the largest leaves 2V2 mm. long, IV2 mm. broad;
leaves of the branches growing gradually smaller, heteromorphous; lateral
leaves involute when dry; of the secondary rachises suberect, nearly as
broad as long, bluntish or mucronulate, obliquely 2-auriculate-cordate and
irregularly eroso-ciliolate at the base, the upper side minutely denticulate,
the lower side entire; of the ultimate branchlets subspreading, close or
imbricate, ovate-oblong, blunt, spuriously veined, the upper side sparingly
minutely denticulate, rounded at the base, the lower side entire, or
sparingly ciliolate-denticulate at the truncate-rotundate or subcordate base,
the largest leaves V* mm. long and V2 mm. broad; intermedial leaves
erect; of the secondary rachises subfalcate-ovate, acute or shortly acuminate,
the inner side minutely serrulate, rounded and sparingly ciliolate at the
base, the outer side subentire or obsoletely denticulate, much produced
and eroso-ciliolate at the auriculate-cordate base; of the ultimate branchlets
close, subfalcate-ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, the inner side provided

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. PUBESCENTES. 151

with 1 — 2 very minute teeth, rounded or rotundate-cuneate at the base,
the outer side entire, or provided with a single minute tooth at the
produced cordate base. Spikes square, 1 mm. diam. ; sporophylla isomorphous,
ovate, acuminate, keeled, minutely serrulate, to 1 mm. long, at length
spreading; microspores yellowish or dirty-pale-orange, verruculose; macro-
spores

New Guinea.

(105) S. Hellwigii, nieron., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 12.

Shoots erect from an ascending base, 15 — 30 cm. long, the lower
part simple, compressed, dirty-stramineous-brown, like the rachises minutely
pubescent on the back, when dry 3-sulcate, to 2 mm. thick, sparingly
leafy, the upper part 4-pinnate, ovate or rotundate-ovato, to 20 cm. each
way, the main rachis 3 — 4 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae
rather close, ovate, to 12 cm. long, with closely placed pinnulae; ultimate
branchlets 1 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral leaves of the
stipe erect, remote, triangular-ovate, unequal-sided, broadest on the inner
side, acute, narrowly 2-auriculate-cordate at the base, obsoletely denticulate
on both sides, the largest leaves to 4 mm. long and Vk mm. broad;
intermedial leaves of the stipe ovate-oblong, long-acuminate, slightly
keeled, obsoletely or very minutely denticulate, unequal-sided at the base,
the inner base shortly cordate, the outer base produced, auriculate-cordate,
the auricles hamato-incurvate, the largest leaves 3 mm. long and 1 mm.
broad; lateral leaves of the main rachis suboblique-ovate, acute, nearly
equal-sided, the upper side minutely denticulate but obsoletely so towards
the apex, partly pellucid-margined, subcordate-rotundate at the base, the
lower side obsoletely denticulate towards the apex, minutely denticulate
at the truncate-auriculate base, the largest leaves SVs mm. long and VU
mm. broad; intermedial leaves of the main rachis ovate-oblong, shortly
aristulate-acuminate, somewhat denticulate in the upper part, the inner
base rounded, the outer base produced, the auricle slightly incurved,
rounded or subtruncate, the largest leaves 2 mm. long and 1 mm. broad;
leaves of the branchlets subsimilar but smaller, bluntish, the lateral ones
to V4 mm. long, obliquely rotundate-truncate at the base, the intermedial
ones often quite entire, acute, the inner base narrowly rotundate-cuneate,
the outer base rotundate-subcordate. Spikes solitary, short, nearly 2 mm.
diam.; sporophylla ovate, to VU mm. long, the longest the narrowest,
aristulate-acuminate, keeled, minutely denticulate; macrospores yellow-

152 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a*. PUBESCENTES.

white, more or less reticulate-rugulose, the apical ribs encircled by a
slightly elevated equatorial ring; microspores minium-red or brown-red,
provided with scattered stipitate-capitate projections on the basal side.
New Guinea.

(106) S. nielaiiciiiiea, ttuhtt, Forschr. Gaz., IV, Bot., 17.
Shoots ascending or erect, the lower part simple, to 25 cm. long,

indistinctly quadrangular, thinly pubescent, stramineous, the upper part
pinnately compound, deltoid in outline, 30 — 50 cm. long, the main rachis
somewhat hairy; pinnae ascending, 3-pinnate; ultimate branchlets hardly
2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stipe isomorphous,
remote, erected, adpressed, broadly ovate, acuminate, finely serrulate at
the apex; leaves of the branched portion heteromorphous, deep-green,
glossy, imbricated; of the lower plane erecto-patent, small, unequal-sided,
elongate-lanceolate, subfalcate, acuminate, the upper side finely serrulate,
ciliolate at the pellucid-margined, rounded or rotundate-cuneate base, the
lower side finely serrulate at the apex, entire, or sparingly ciliolate at
the subauriculate-truncate base, the largest leaves of the branchlets nearly
2 mm. long, 'A mm. broad; leaves of the upper plane 'A as long, ovate,
unequal-sided, acuminate, finely serrulate, the inner base rounded, the
outer base auriculate-cordate. Spikes square, 1 — IV2 cm. long; sporophylla
elongate-lanceolate, acuminate, finely serrulate, keeled; microspores yellow
or dirty-orange, provided with scattered conical or short-cylindrical projec-
tions on the basal side; macrospores

Papua.

(107) ». Ilicroiiyniiaiia, ». A. r. K., Bull. Btz., 1912, VII, 31;
S. minutifolia, Ges. (not Spring), Fel. Becc. Polin., 9.

Shoots erect from a trailing base, 50 — 75 cm. long when fully
developed, the lower part simple, terete or subterete, stramineous,
deciduously pilose, 2Vj — 3 mm. thick near the base, the upper part
pinnately compound, more or less ovate in outline, the rachises pilose;
pinnae ovate to lanceolate, the largest to 35 cm. long, 2— 4-pinnate;
quaternary branches simple or forked; ultimate branchlets 2 — 15 mm.
long, r/j — 2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves, the terminal ones
not rarely much elongated and caudiform. Leaves of the stipe and lower
part of the main rachis isomorphous, erected, adpressed, ovate, acute,
subentire, the base truncate-rotundate or obliquely cordate, peltate; leaves

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a'. PUBESCENTES. 153

of the branches and upper part of the main rachis heteroraorphous ;
leaves of the lower plane erecto-patent, imbricate on the branchlets,
somewhat remote on the principal rachises; of the branchlets ovate-oblong,
to IV2 mm. long and 'A as broad, bluntish, straight or slightly falcate,
nearly equal-sided, spuriously veined beneath, more or less slightly and
obliquely cordate at the base or the upper base rounded, the upper edge
minutely denticulate, the lower edge entire, or denticulate at the very base;
of the penultimate rachises similar but somewhat larger, acute or sub-
acute, with the lower base slightly produced and lacerato-denticulate ;
leaves of the upper plane erected, adpressed ; of the branchlets subfalcate-
ovate, crowded, to 1 mm. long, acute, minutely denticulate, oblique at the
base, the inner base rounded or rotundate-cuneate, the outer base cordate,
much produced, subciliolate ; of the penultimate rachises similar but
somewhat larger, denticulate. Spikes very numerous, square, 2 — 30 mm.
long, 1 — Viz mm. diam.; sporophylla ascending, finally subspreading, ovate,
acute, keeled, minutely denticulate; macrospores probably lentiform and
provided with an equatorial wing; microspores yellowish or pale-orange,
provided with scattered, conical, tuberculiform or subcylindrical projections
on the basal side. — The description is taken from a specimen from
Amboyna, cultivated in the Buitenzorg G-ardens.
New Guinea^ Amboyna.

(108) S. irillliertisii, Mierott., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 2; S. involvens,
Hieron., var. d'Albertisii., Hieron., Hedwi., L, 4.

Shoots probably erect, the lower part simple, very slender, terete,
stramineous, the upper part pinnately decompound, the rachises deciduously
pubescent; ultimate branchlets 2—3 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves. Leaves of the stipe erect, isomorphous, distant, thin, lanceolate,
2 mm. long, acute or shortly acuminate, produced and auriculate-cordate
on one side at the base; leaves of the branches heteromorphous; lateral
leaves subfalcate-oblong; of the branchlets subspreading, to IV2 mm. long,
V3 as broad, blunt or bluntish, spuriously veined, the upper edge minutely
denticulate except at the apex, the lower edge sometimes sparingly den-
ticulate, the base rounded or rotundate-truncate ; intermedial leaves erect;
of the branchlets imbricate, small, acute or shortly acuminate, minutely
denticulate, the base obliquely rounded or rotundate-truncate, produced
on the outer side. — A specimen occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium,
considered by Hieronymus as a variety of this species, has the spikes

154 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. a«. PUBESCENTES.

slender, 'A — 1 mm. diam., the sporophylla ovate, acuminate, minutely
denticulate, keeled, the microspores verruculose.
Neio Guinea.

(109) S. lunrosensis, ». A. v. R., Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 19.
Shoots erect from a decumbent base, 30 — 45 cm. long, the lower

part simple, stramineous, 2 — 3-sulcate down the face, deciduously hairy,
the upper part pinnate, oblong in outline, 20 — 30 cm. long, 6 — 10 cm.
broad, acuminate; pinnae ascending, oblong, to 10 cm. long; pinnulae
simple or forked, or the largest pinnate, ascending; branchlets 1—3 cm.
long, 3 — 5 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; rachises distinctly but not
densely hairy beneath. Leaves of the stipe and lower part of the main rachis
distant, erect, adpressed, isomorphous, ovate, 2^2 mm. long, acuminate,
entire, cordate on the outer side at the base; leaves of the branched
portion heteromorphous, thin, flaccid; leaves of the lower plane approximate
on the branchlets, rather spaced on the main rachis; those of the main
rachis rather ascending, lanceolate-oblong, falcate, the largest 5 mm. long
and 2 mm. broad, bluntish, minutely denticulate" on the upper edge
towards the base, slightly dilated on the upper side, moderately distinctly
spuriously veined, with the upper base cuneate, the lower base obliquely
truncate; those of the branchlets similar, 2 — 3 mm. long, Vz as broad,
blunter, the lower base provided with 0 — 4 short ciliae; leaves of the
upper plane erect, ovate, acuminate, cuspidate, entire, keeled, cordate
and produced on the outer side at the base; those of the main rachis
distant, to 3 mm. long, somewhat incurvate-falcate ; those of the branchlets
more close, rather straight, to 2 mm. long. Spikes nearly square, Vk — 2
mm. diam.; sporophylla ascending, ovate-subulate, acute, minutely den-
ticulate, keeled, those on the ventral side the longest, to 2 mm. long;
macrospores rugulose, with the apical ribs surrounded by a ring-like
crown; microspores provided with capitate or subcylindrical projections.
Celebes.

(110) S. waricnsis, Uieron.^ in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 19.
Shoots erect, probably 50 cm. or more long, the lower part simple,

compressed, convex on the face and back, nearly honey-yellow, between
opaque and glossy, more or less pubescent, to 4 mm. thick, the upper
part laxly 3 — 4-pinnate, rotundate-ovate in outline, the rachises more or
less pubescent, the stem 10— 12Vj mm. broad including the lateralleaves;

103. selactINELla. A', monostelicae. a«. pubescentes. 155

lower pinnae to 25 cm. long, the rachis 8—10 mm. broad ; lower pinnulae
pinnately divided, the following once or twice forked, the higher simple;
ultimate branchlets long, 3—6 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral
leaves of the stem ascending, subapproximate, somewhat obliquely falcate-
ovate, acute, the uppei* side pellucid-margined, minutely denticulate,
rounded at ths base, the lower side minutely denticulate at the rotundate-
cordate base only, the largest leaves 7 mm. long by 4 mm. broad; inter-
medial leaves of the stem obliquely falcate-ovate, aristate-acuminate, the
outer edge minutely denticulate near the apex, ciliate at the produced
incurvate-auriculate base, the inner edge rotundate-cordate at the base,
minutely denticulate, the largest leaves 7 mm. long; leaves of the branches
growing gradually smaller; lateral leaves of the branchlets close, subacute,
rather rotundate-cordate at the base, slightly spuriously veined, the upper
side minutely denticulate in the lower half, indistinctly pellucid-margined,,
ciliolate at the base, the lower side entire between the minutely den-
ticulate apex and ciliate base, the largest leaves 2V2 — 3 mm. long, less than
half as broad; intermedial leaves of the branchlets smaller, long-acuminate,
subcuspidate, rotundate-cuneate at the inner base, cordate at the outer
base, the auricle rounded. Spikes square, terminal, 'A — I'A cm. long,
2 — 2V2 mm. diam., solitary on abbreviated lateral branchlets or 2 — 4-nate
on elongated terminal branchlets; sporophylla isomorphous, triangular-
ovate, aristulate-acuminate, minutely denticulate, keeled, to 2 mm. long;
microspores yellow or orange, provided with stipitate-capitate projections

on the basal side; macrospores

New Guinea.

(Ill) S. Biirkei, Uieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 16; — var.
luisiadensis, Hieron., 1. c, 18.

Shoots probably 50 cm. or more long, the lower part simple, stipiti-
form, compressed, fulvous or fulvo-olivaceous, to 5 mm. thick, when dry
slightly 2-sulcate on the face, convex on the back, pubescent on the
angles, as are the rachises, the upper part branched, the main rachis
10 — I2V2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves, the ultimate branchlets
6 — 10 mm. broad; lower pinnae to 20 cm. long, subpinnate, the central
2 — 3 times forked, the higher simple. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral
leaves of the stipe remote, ascending, 5 mm. long by 2 'A mm. broad;
of the branched portion more contiguous, obliquely subfalcate-ovate, the
apex very minutely denticulate, acuminate, the point bluntish, both sides

156 103. SELAGINELLA.

entire at the centre, the upper base cordate-rotundate, ciliolate, the higher
ciliae dentiform, the lower base cuneate-truncate, provided with 1—5
moderately long ciliae, the costa flanked by 2 narrow spurious veinlets
near the apex; of the main rachis 7 mm. long and 3 mm. broad; of the
branches growing gradually smaller; of the ultimate branchlets 5— 5Va
mm. long and nearly 'A as broad; intermedial leaves, erect; of the stipe
subfalcate-ovate, narrowly pellucid-margined, rather entire, the apex shortly
aristate-acuminate and hardly denticulate, the outer base produced, the
auricle slightly incurved, ciliate, the inner base rounded, ciliolate or den-
ticulate, the largest leaves 6 mm. long and 2Vi mm. broad; of the
branched portion grovsdng gradually smaller; of the branchlets cuneate at
the base, or the outer base rounded. Spikes terminal, solitary or double,
quadrangular, 5—10 mm. long and 2— 2V2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla isomor-
phous, deltoid-ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate, keeled, denticulate, to
IVi mm. long; microspores yellowish or orange, provided on the basal
side with conical or capitate projections; macrospores

Forma typica. — New Guinea.

lar. luisiadensiis: Intermedial leaves hardly pellucid-margined
towards the apex only, the apex subabruptly aristate, the cusp a little
longer. — Bossell Island.

b. Uctei'OSiiachyii. 1. Intertextae.

1. Lateral leaves hardly longer than broad.

A Spikes to PU mm. broad. (112) S. calcicola.

A A Spikes more than VU mm. broad. (113) S. alutacea.

*.l. Lateral leaves distinctly longer than broad.

9. Spikes not resupinate. (114) S. Rothertii,

2.9. Spikes resupinate.

3. Largest lateral leaves to 1 mm. long.

4- Lateral leaves cordate at the base. (115) S. oligophylla.
++ Lateral leaves not or hardly cordate at the base.

(116) S. eurycephala.
3.3. Largest lateral leaves more than 1 mm. long,
d. Leaves croicded everywliere.

9 Lateral leaves ciliate at least on 1 side at the base.

(117) S. ujensis.

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. INTERTEXTAE. 157

00 Lateral leaves entire or at best denticulate.

(118) S. Winkleri.
4. J. Leaves more or less spaced on the main stem.

S. Spikes to 2Vi mm. broad.

e. Intermedial leaves rather long-aispidate-acuminate.
9. Spikes to P/t mm. broad.

X Branchlets to 2 mm. broad.

(119) S. Kunstleri.
XX Branchlets more than 2 mm. broad.

(120) S. longiciliata.
V.t. Spikes more than PU mm. broad.

S. Lateral leaves entire or at best den-
ticulate.

9. Main rachis to 4 mm. broad in-
cluding lateral leaves.

(121) S. exasperata.
».». Main rachis more than 4 mm.

broad including lateral leaves.

(122) S. humifusa.
S.S. Lateral leaves ciliate or ciliolate, at least
on 1 side at the base.
= Ultimate branchlets to 3 mm.
broad.

■I- Pinnae rather close, the lower
2-pinnate.

(123) S. phanotricha.
•I--1- Pinnae remote, or the lowe?'
at best sparingly pinnate.

(124) S. brevipinna.
== Ultimate branchlets more than 3
mm. broad.

(125) S. membranifolia.

e.e. Intermedial leaves not long-cuspidate-acuminate.

cf Lateral leaves entire or at best denticulate.

9 Lateral leaves of ultimate branchlets close

or approximate. (126) S. bancana.

9 Q Lateral leaves of ultimate branchlets

remote.

158 103. SELAGIKELLA. A\ MONOSTELICAE. b'. IKTEETEXTAfi.

n Lateral leaves very unequal-sided.
(127) S. karimatae.
DD Lateral leaves not very unequal-
sided. (128) S. Loriai.
cf(fLate7'al leaves ciliate or ciliolate at least on
1 side at the base C).

9 Ultimate branchlets to Vk mm. broad.
Q Sporophylla of the loicer plane
blunt or acute.

(129) S. subspinulosa.
0© Sporophylla of the lotcer plane
acuminate to cuspidate.

(130) S. Weinlandii.
9 9 Ultimate branchlets more than VU mm.
broad.

= Sporophylla of the loicer plane
long-cuspidate. (131) S. Burbidgei.
== Sporophylla of the loicer plane not
long-cuspidate.

•1- Lateral leaves blunt or blunt-

ish. (132) S. Lauterbachii.

•I--I- Lateral leaves acute or acu-

: minate. (133) S. intertexta.

S.S. Spikes 3 mm. or more broad.

A Ultimate branchlets to 2 mm. broad.

(134) S. Hallieri.
AA Ultimate branchlets more than 2 mm. broad.
O Sporophylla of the lower plane ciliate.

(185) S. Belangeri.
O O Sporophylla of the loicer plane not ciliate.

(136) S. lanceolata.

(112) S. valcieola, nteron., Hedwi., LI, 258.

Shoots trailing, more or less elongated, often forked at the base,

(•) See also (126) %. Imnt-ana Warh.

103. SELAGINELLA. A\ MONOSTELICAE. b'. INTERTEXTAE. 159

sparingly pinnate in the upper part, the stem Vs mm. thick, compresso-
terete, 2 — 3 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae 1 — 3V2 cm.
long, the higher simple, the lower more or less dichotomous or subpinnate
with 1 — 8 pinnulae on a side; ultimate branchlets 1 — 2 mm. broad.
Leaves heteromorphous, glaucous-green above ; lateral leaves subequilateral,
broadly ovate, blunt, very minutely apiculate, somewhat spuriously veined,
the upper side subentire or minutely denticulate towards the apex,
ciliolate in the lower part, the lower side entire or minutely denticulate;
of the stem remote, ascending, IV4 — IV2 mm. long, nearly as broad; of
the ultimate branchlets smaller, close; intermedial leaves, ovate, sub-
aristate-acuminate, narrowly pellucid-margined, the inner side ciliolate,
the outer side sparingly so at the base, the base obliquely rounded, or
subcordate-truncate on the outer side. Spikes solitary, V2 — 2 cm. long,
1— r/4 mm. broad in the lower part; sporophylla of the upper plane very
inequilateral, oblique-ovate, hardly IV4 mm. long, minutely apiculate-
acuminate, sparingly ciliolate, keeled, more or less pellucid-margined on
the upper side; of the lower plane equal-sided, ovate, 'A mm. long,
shortly acuminate, ciliate; macrospores yellow, coarsely verrucose to sub-
rugose on the basal side; microspores orange or carmine-red, verrucose
on the basal side.
Borneo.

(113) S. aliiiacea, Spring, Mon., II, 237; Bk., Fern All., 110; -
var. sphaerophylla, Bk., 1. c. 111.

Shoots trailing, caespitose, under 10 cm. long, forked low down,
copiously pinnate; pinnae erecto-patent, the lower repeatedly dichotomous.
Leaves of the lower plane spaced on the stem, spreading, broadly ovate,
2V2 mm. long, rather acute, moderately firm, very unequal-sided, ciliate
on the upper side towards the base, denticulate on the lower side ; leaves
of the upper plane much smaller, cordate-ovate, aristate-acuminate, ciliolate.
Spikes copious, TA— 2V2 cm. long, 2V2 mm. broad, sometimes forked;
sporophylla of the upper plane erecto-patent, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
ciliate; of the lower plane imbricate, ovate, long-acuminate, ciliate,
keeled.

\ar, S|ihacro|iliylla : Leaves of the lower plane smaller,
crowded, suborbicular, firmer, concave on the face; spikes narrower, the
sporophylla less dimorphous.

Penan^.

160 103. SELAGINELLA. Ai. MONOSTELICAE. b'. INTERTEXTAE.

(114) S. Rotlicrtii, e. A. ». JR., Bull. Btz., 1912, VII, 30.

Shoots trailing, caespitose, dichotomous, the secondary shoots 8 — 20
cm. long, pinnate, the stem grooved, "A mm. thick, 5 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves; pinnae alternate, the highest the shortest, simple, the
lower to 5 cm. long, simple or sparingly simply pinnate ; ultimate branch-
•lets 8V2 mm. broad. Leaves weak, thin, pale-green, partly red, hetero-
morphous on both stem and branches; leaves of the lower plane remote
or approximate, spreading or horizontal; of the main stem broadly ovate,
unequal-sided, 2 'A — 3 mm. long, to 2 mm. broad, acutely acuminate,
rounded at the base but more broadly on the upper side, minutely den-
ticulate on both edges, the midrib hardly distinct; of the branches similar
but smaller, rotundate-cuneate at the base; leaves of the upper plane
erect or erecto-patent, 'A smaller; of the main stem ovate, nearly equal-
sided, acuminate, slightly obliquely rounded at the base, somewhat produced
at the outer base, minutely denticulate on both edges; of the branchlets
similar, smaller, rotundate-cuneate at the base. Spikes hardly distinct,
platystichous, not resupinate, simple or branched, 2 — 5 cm. long; sporo-
phylla of both planes similar to the leaves in shape and arrangement;
macrospores whitish or yellowish, densely finely verruculose; micro-
spores

Java.

(115) S. oligophylla, Wat-h., Mons., I, 124.

Small plants, with the stem slender, Vs mm. thick, grooved, yellowish,
the branches 3 cm. long, sparingly branched, the branchlets hardly 1 cm.
long. Leaves of the lower plane spreading; of the stem very remote,
broadly ovate, 1 mm. long, obtuse, denticulate, cordate at the base,
produced on the upper side and slightly imbricate over the rachis;
leaves of the upper plane ascending; of the main rachis broadly ovate,
acute, ciliolate ; leaves of the branchlets similar to those of the stem
but somewhat smaller. Spikes 4 mm. long and 3 mm. broad; sporo-
phylla very dimorphous; of the upper plane about 6 on a side, spreading,
imbricate, ovate-oblong, 1 mm. or more long, minutely ciliolate, obtuse
or very shortly cuspidate; of the lower plane ascending, orbicular-
lanceolate, under "U mm. long, cuspidate, hardly ciliate; macrospores
bright-yellow, nearly smooth, slightly finely foveolate; microspores ver-
ruculose.

Celebes.

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTfiLICAE. b'. INTERTEXTAE. 161

(116) S. eurycephala, ir«r*., Mons., I, 124.

Shoots very short, 4 — 5 cm. long, the main rachis slender, 'A mm.
thick, yellowish, the branches spreading, 1 — 2 cm. long, sparingly branched,
the branchlots short. Leaves of the lower plane spreading; of the main
rachis remote, ovate, 'A — 'A mm. long, pale, nearly obtuse, rounded at
the base, hardly obUque, the margin minutely piloso-denticulate; 'leaves
of the upper plane erect; of the main rachis broadly lanceolate, acute or
shortly cuspidate, minutely ciliolate-denticulate; leaves of the branchlets
similar to those of the main rachis, hardly shorter, moderately distant.
Spikes 4 mm. long, 2Vj mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane 7 — 8
on a side, subhorizontal, hardly imbricate, narrowly lanceolate, more than
1 mm. long, Vs mm. broad, keeled beneath, the upper side and the keel
hardly denticulate; those of the lower plane shorter, suberect, ovate, very
acute, pale, ciliate at the edge; macrospores bright-yellow, with very
minute conical or papilliform projections; microspores reddish, verruculose,
the projections free or confluent.

Celebes.

(117) S. lyensifS, Miefon., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XLIV, 514.

Shoots caespitose, repeatedly dichotomous, the stems subterete, rather
compressed, decumbent, the rachises 3 mm., the branchlets 2 V? mm. broad
including the lateral leaves. Leaves crowded; leaves of the lower plane
very unequal-sided, much produced on the upper side, obliquo-ovate, sub-
acuminate, pale-green, minutely piloso-denticulate towards the apex, the
upper side ciliate in the lower half, rounded at the base, the lower side
very minutely denticulate, rotundate-truncate at the base, both sides
pellucid-margined, the largest leaves V/i mm. long, "A mm. broad; leaves
of the upper plane rather unequal-sided, ovate, subaristate-acuminate,
pellucid-margined on both sides, very minutely denticulate, the outer
base subcordate, the inner base rounded, the largest leaves Vh mm. long,
V* mm. broad. Spikes '/j_i cm. long, 2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the
upper plane unequal-sided, narrowly pale-margined, keeled, piloso-denticulate
to ciliate, the largest 2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad ; sporophylla of the lower
plane equal-sided, pale-margined, ciliolate, keeled, 2 mm. long, I'A mm.
broad; macrospores yellow or whitish, nearly smooth, indistinctly and
minutely rugulose; microspores dirty-orange-coloured, minutely punctulate-
verruculose on the basal side.
.Borneo.
Fern Allies. U

162 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. INTERTEXTAE.

(118) S. Winklcri, Sterott., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XLIV, 516.
Shoots decumbent, caespitose, repeatedly dichotomous, the primary

and secondary rachises 3 mm., the ultimate branchlets 2V2 mm. broad
including the lateral leaves. Leaves crowded everyvs'hero; leaves of the
lower plane unequal-sided, broadest on the upper side, ovate-oblong, pale-
green, shortly acuminate, sparingly minutely denticulate on the upper
side, sparingly and indistinctly so on the lower side towards the apex,
pale-margined on both sides, rounded on both sides at the base, the
largest leaves 2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad; leaves of the upper plane
unequal-sided, obliquely broadly rounded at the base, shortly mucronate-
acuminate, both sides sparingly and very minutely denticulate and
narrowly pale-margined, the largest leaves IV2 mm. long, ','4 mm. broad.
Spikes suberect, flexuose, 2 — 2V2 cm. long, 2 — 2V2 mm. broad; sporophylla
of the upper plane spreading, very unequal-sided, lanceolate-ovate, acute,
sparingly and shortly denticulate, keeled; of the lower plane more ascending,
equal-sided, ovate, acuminate, ciliolate-denticulate on both sides, keeled,
nearly as large as the dorsal ones, to 2 mm. long, 1 V4 mm. broad ; macrospores
white or yellowish, finely rugulose on the basal side; microspores orange-
coloured, very minutely verruculose-rugulose, appai'ently smooth.
Borneo.

(119) S. Kiinistleri, Bh., Kew Bull., 1893, 14.

Shoots wide-trailing, remotely branched, the branches erocto-patent;
branchlets few, short, 1 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Lateral
leaves firm, clasping, ovate; of the principal rachises laxly disposed, spreading
or horizontal, very unequal-sided, to 2 mm. long, bluntish or subacute, the
upper surface copiously deciduously short-hairy, the upper side very minutely
denticulate towards the apex, gradually ciliate towards the broadly rounded
base, the lower side subentire or very minutely denticulate; of the ultimate
branchlets imbricating, ascending, nearly 1 mm. long, nearly equal-sided
and broadly rotundate-cunoate at the base; intermedial leaves smaller,
erect, unequal-sided, ovate, cuspidate, obliquely broadly rotundate-cuneate
at the base; of the principal rachises sparingly ciliate on both sides, or
minutely denticulate on the outer side; of the branchlets minutely den-
ticulate. Spikes numerous, 5 — T'A mm. long, 1% mm. broad, often forked;
sporophylla of the upper plane linear-lanceolate, ciliolate-denticulate; of
the lower plane subulate-ovate, long-acuminate, sparingly ciliate, keeled.

Malacca.

l03. SELAOmELLA. A'. MONOSTET.ICAE. b'. INTERTEXTAE. 168

(120) S. lonsiciliaia. Hiewon., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 33.
Shoots wide-creeping, decumbent or subascending towards tht- apex,

the lower part simple, 2 — 3 mm. broad including the lateral leaves, the
upper part decompound, the main rachis V-i mm. thick, yellowish-green,
nearly 2-sulcate down the face, 4 — 6 mm. broad; pinnae to 2V3 cm. long,
the lower sparingly pinnate, the higher simple or forked; ultimate branch-
lets 3 mm. broad. Lateral leaves horizontal or nearly so; of the main
rachis remote, obliquely ovate, unequal-sided, shortly acuminate, rather
acute, the upper side sparingly minutely denticulate towards the apex,
finely long-ciliate in the '/.i — V4 lower part, l^roadly rounded at the base,
the lower side very minutely denticulate towards the apex, sparingly
long-ciliate at the narrowly rounded base, the largest leaves 3 mm. long
and r/2 mm. broad; of the branchlets smaller, to 2 mm. long, propor-
tionally narrower, less unequal-sided, often destitute of ciliae on the lower
base, close or approximate; intermedial leaves erect; of the main rachis
remote, broadly ovate, long-cuspidate-acuminate, loosely long-ciliate, the
outer base shortly auricled, the auricle blunt or acute, the inner base
more or less rounded, the cusp Vz as long as the blade, the largest leaves
r/i mm. long; of the branchlets smaller, more crowded, longer cuspidate.
Spikes solitary, 2 — 3 mm. long, IV2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper
plane spreading, narrowly deltoid-ovate, acute, to VU mm. long, loosely
long-ciliate, keeled; of the lower plane suberect, ovate, long-cuspidate-
acuminate, loosely long-ciliate, keeled, to I'A mm. long; raacrospores
yellow, finely indistinctly verruculose-rugulose ; microspores yellow or
yellowish, smooth.
New Chiinea.

(121) S. cxasperaia, A. Br., MS. in Herb. Berol.; Warb., Mens.,
I, 126; — var. rectisulca, Warb., 1. c.

Shoots trailing, 10 — 15 cm. long, the stem V2 mm. thick, yellowish
when dry; branches distant, 2—3 cm. long; branchlets few, 1— I'A cm,
long. Leaves of the lower plane firm, spreading; of the stem remote,
broadly ovate, I'A mm. long, subacuminate, entire, very oblique, dilated
on the upper side, the base obliquely rounded, imbricate over the stem,
piloso-denticulate ; leaves of the upper plane pale, erect, elliptical, very
long-cuspidate, keeled, minutely denticulate; leaves of the branchlets
similar to those of the stem but growing gradually shorter and less
distant. Spikes commonly double, 3—8 mm. long, 2— 2 'A mm. broad;

164 103. SELAQINELLA. A'. MONOSTELIOAE. b\ INTERTEXTAE.

sporophylla of the upper plane spreading, lanceolate, 1 mm. long, acute,
rather close, subimbricate, the upper base obliquely cordate, keeled,
ciliolate, the keel long-ciliated ; those of the lower plane shorter, ascending,
broadly lanceolate, long-cuspidate, spinulose at the edge; macrospores
yellow- white, finely glandular on the basal side; microspores yellowish,
smooth.

Forma typica. — Borneo.

War. rcctifitulca: Spikes longer, to 15 mm. long; rows of
dorsal sporophylla separated by a straight, longitudinal groove. — Java.

(122) fi. huinirusa, Miet-on., Hedwi., LI, 257.

Shoots wide-trailing, sparingly pinnate, the stem hardly 'A mm. thick,
5 — 6 ram. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae 1 cm. apart, 1—1 Vj
cm. long, 3 — 4 mm. broad, simple or forked. Leaves heteromorphous ;
leaves of the lower plane somewhat remote on the main rachis, less so on
the branchlets; of the main rachis subhorizontal, very unequal -sided, obliquely
oblong-ovate, subacute, glaucous-green, with the upper side very minutely
denticulate especially towards the apex and the broadly rounded base,
the lower side indistinctly denticulate towards the apex, subentire towards
the rotundate-truncate narrow base, the largest leaves 3 mm. long and
iVi mm. broad; of the branchlets ascending, smaller, narrower at the base;
leaves of the upper plane erect, obliquely ovate-oblong, long-cuspidate,
rather keeled towards the apex, with the edges very minutely denticulatej
the outer base rounded, the inner base rotundate-cuneate, the largest leaves
hardly more than TA mm. long and V* mm. broad. Spikes solitary,
hardly more than 3 mm. long, 2— 2 'A mm. broad ; sporophylla of the
upper plane spreading, very unequal-sided, obliquely ovate, acute, minutely
denticulate, keeled, rotundate-cuneate on the upper side at the base; of
the lower plane equal-sided, deltoid-ovate, long-acuminate, somewhat
keeled, minutely denticulate on both edges; microspores red or carmine,
very minutely verruculose on the basal side; macrospores

Borneo.

(123) !i. phanoirlcha, Bh^ Fern All., 109; S. ciliaris, Ces., Fel.
di Bor., 36.

Shoots decumbent, or ascending towards the apex, dichotomous in
the lower part, the secondary shoots to 12'/! cm. long, pinnate, the stem
Vt mm. thick; pinnae rather close, the lower 2-pinnate at the base;

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTEUCAE. b'. INTERTEXTAE. 165

ultimate branchlets to 5 mm. long, IVs — 2 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous ; leaves of the lower plane rather
remote on the stem, more or less contiguous on the branchlets; of the
stem horizontal or spreading, very unequal-sided, triangular-ovate, the
largest 2Va ram. long, VU mm. broad, acute, entire or obsoletely den-
ticulate on both sides, the upper side ciliolate towards the very broadly
rounded or subcordate base, the lower side rather cuneate at the base,
the upper surface minutely papilloso-pilose ; of the branchlets ascending,
smaller, I'A mm. long, less unequal-sided, relatively narrow, subacute,
. obliquely rotundate-cuneate at the base ; leaves of the upper plane erect ;
of the stem subcontiguous, ovate, equal-sided, 2 mm. long, keeled,
cuspidate-acuminate, the cusp relatively long, the outer side entire or
obsoletely denticulate, the inner side piloso-denticulate, the base rounded,
not or hardly produced on the outer side; of the branchlets similar but
smaller. Spikes solitary or double, 'A — IV2 cm. long, 2V2 mm. broad;
sporophylla of the upper plane close, subspreading, lanceolate-oblong, I'A
mm. long, acute, keeled, with the upper edge sparingly denticulate to
ciliolate in the lower part, as is the keel; those of the lower plane
erecto-patent or suborect, ovate, long-acuminate, remotely ciUate except
at the apex; macrospores yellowish-white, deciduously verruculose, at

length smooth; microspores

Borneo.

(124) S. brevipiniia, r. A. r. J»., Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 23.

Shoots decumbent, very wide-trailing, to more than 40 cm. long,
repeatedly forked, caespitose, the secondary shoots pinnate, the stem
slender, stramineous, V4 mm. thick, compresso-terete, smooth or somewhat
grooved, 3'/^ mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae distant,
erecto-patent, short, 'm — IV2 cm. long, simple, forked, or pinnate with a
single pinnula on each side; pinnulae very short, the largest at best V* cm.
long, 2'li mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous ;
leaves of the lower plane spreading and spaced on the stem, ascending and
imbricated on the branchlets; of the stem broadly ovate, 2 — 2 '/a mm.
long, Vl-i mm. broad, very unoqual-sidod, rather acute, naked or sparingly
papilloso-piloso above, the upper edge obsoletely denticulate towards the
apex, denticulate at the centre, gradually ciliate or ciliolate at the base,
the lower edge obsoletely denticulate towards the apex, entire at the
centre, denticulate at the base, the upper base much dilated, truncate-

l66 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELIOAE. h\ INTEBTEXTAE.

rotundate to subcordate and imbricated over the stem, the lower
base rotundate to rotundate-cuneate ; leaves of the upper plane spaced
on the stem, imbricated on the branchlets, erect, adpressed; of the stem
ovate, long-acuminate to long-cuspidate, keeled, IVi mm. long, shortly
ciliolate on both sides, ratheir equal-sided, rotundate-cuneate on both sides
at the base, the outer base not or hardly produced ; of the ultimate
branchlets similar to those of the stem but growing gradually somewhat
smaller. Spikes generally solitary, to 5 mm. long, 2 'A mm. broad;
sporophylla of the upper plane rather imbricate, somewhat ascending,
lanceolate, to 2 mm. long, acute, keeled, spinulose on the upper edge,
obsoletely denticulate on the lower edge, the keel spinulose ; sporophylla of
the lower plane erected, imbricated, lanceolate-ovate, acuminate to cus-
pidate, spinulose on both edges, keeled; macrospores yellowish-white, the
largest finely verruculose on the lower side, finely foveolate between the
apical ribs, the smallest similar but nearly smooth; microspores yellowish
or whitish, nearly smooth.
Lingga Islands.

(125) S. uicinbranifolia, v. A. ». n.. Bull. Btz., 1912, VII, 31.

Shoots elongated, decumbent, repeatedly dichotomous, caespitose;
secondary shoots pinnately branched, the rachis stramineous, irregularly
grooved when dry, under 1 mm. thick, 4 — 6 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves; pinnae remote, short and simple or elongated and more
or less pinnately or dichotomously decompound; branchlets short, 3 — 5
mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral
leaves very thin, diaphanous, horizontally spreading or nearly so; those
of the main rachises approximate or remote, oblong, rather straight,
unequal-sided, much the broadest on the anterior side, the largest 3 mm.
long, 2 mm. broad near the base, acute or subobtuse, entire or obsoletely
denticulate, the upper side ciliolate towards the base, the base truncate
or subcordate-truncate on the upper side, rotundate or subcordate-rotundate
and sparingly denticulate on the lower side; those of the branchlets
similar but smaller, rather approximate and more ascending, relatively
narrower, acute, more rotundate-cuneate at the base, less unequal-sided
(except in the simple pinnae); leaves of the upper plane remote, erect;
those of the main rachises not adpressed, ovate, 2 mm. long, long-aristate-
acuminate, the edges more or less obscurely denticulate but the inner
edge ciliolate towards the base, the base slightly obliquely rounded.

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. INTERTEXTAE. 167

hardly produced on tho outer side; those of the branchlets similar but
smaller, approximate or contiguous, keeled. Spikes solitary on the
branchlets, straight, curved or flexuose, ^U — 2 'A cm. long, 2 'A mm. broad;
sporophylla of the upper plane ascending, close or approximate, the higher
somewhat imbricated, narrowly lanceolate, subfalcate, obscurely acuminate,
more or less distinctly denticulate, conspicuously keeled, the keel ciliated
towards the base ; those of the lower plane erected, imbricated, lanceolate-
ovate, subcuspidate (long-acuminate), ciliated, keeled; macrospores whitish,

smooth or nearly so (obsoletely rugulose); microspores

Batw Island.

(126) S. baiiCHiia, iFafA., Mons., I, 126.

Shoots trailing, repeatedly forked, rather caespitose ; secondary shoots
4 — 7 cm. long, with the main rachis Vs mm. thick, yellowish when dry;
pinnae remote, IVs — 2 cm. long, sparingly branched; branchlets 1 cm.
long, I'A mm. broad. Leaves of the main rachis remote, firm; of the
lower plane spreading, broadly ovate, very unequal-sided, 1 — 2 mm. long,
obtuse, dilated, rounded, denticulate to ciliolate and imbricated over the
rachis on the upper side at the base; of the upper plane erect, ovate,
shortly cuspidate, denticulate, nearly keeled; leaves of the branchlets
similar to those of the main rachis but smaller, more close, often imbricate.
Spikes single or double, 4 — 6 mm. long, Vk — 2 mm. broad; sporophylla
of the upper plane erecto-patent, ovate-lanceolate, imbricate, acute, ciliolate,
keeled ; of the lower plane hardly smaller, ascending, lanceolate, cuspidate-
acuminate, spinuloso-ciliate ; macrospores pale-yellow, smooth or nearly
so; microspores bright-yellow, smooth.

Banca.

(127) ». kariiim^ae, t>. A. v. »., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 48;
S. Burbidgei, Bk., Fern All., 106, p. p.

Shoots trailing, to 10 cm. long, pinnate, or forked at the base with
pinnate secondary shoots, the main rachis stramineous, 'A mm. thick,
2 — 3 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae remote, alternate,
erecto-patent, to 2 cm. long, the largest forked, the smallest simple;
ultimate branchlets to I'A cm. long, to 2 mm. broad. Leaves hetero-
morphous; lateral leaves remote even on the branchlets, erecto-patent,
very unequal-sided, nearly semiovate; of the main rachis IVa — 1*4 mm.
long-, 1— I'A mm. broad, acute or subacute, entire, or very minutely

168 103. SELAGINELLA. A\ MONOSTELICAE. h\ INTERTEXTAE.

denticulate towards the apex, the upper side broadly rounded, denticulate
towards the rotundate-cuneate base, the lower side slightly rounded,
adnata at the base; of the ultimate branchlets similar, smaller, 1 — I'A
mm. long; intermedial leaves erect, ovate, acuminate, obliquely cuneate
or rotundate-cuneate at the base, with the outer base slightly produced;
of the main rachis remote, 1 — VU mm. long, more or less denticulate on
the inner side; of the branchlets similar but smaller. Spikes solitary,
lanceolate, to 7 'A mm. long, TA — 2 mm. broad near the base, narrowed
towards the apex; sporophylla of the upper plane lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, keeled, denticulate on the upper side, the lower suberecto-
patent, to 1 'A mm. long, the higher suberect, smaller, imbricate ; of the
lower plane suberect, imbricate, ovate, acuminate, keeled, piloso-den-
ticulate; macrospores whitish with yellow contents, pulverate, soon smooth;

microspores

Karimata Islands.

(128) S. liOrlal, JBieron., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 27.

Small plants. Shoots creeping, the loose branching between dicho-
tomous and pinnate, the upper branches simple or forked, to 1 cm. long;
main rachis 2' 2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; ultimate branch-
lets I'A — 2 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral leaves horizontal
or nearly so, narrowly pellucid-margined, remote ; of the main rachis the
largest, oblique-ovate, blunt or bluntish, the upper side subentire or
indistinctly denticulate in the upper part, sparingly and veiy minutely
denticulate in the lower part, rounded or rotundate-truncate at the base,
the lower side subentire or indistinctly denticulate, narrowly rotundate-
truncate at the base, the largest leaves IV2 mm. long by 'A mm. broad;
of the branches growing gradually smaller; intermedial leaves erect; of
the main rachis the largest, obliquely subfalcate-ovate, slightly acuminate,
the sides very narrowly pellucid-margined, indistinctly or sparingly and
very minutely denticulate, the ■ base obliquely rounded, or rotundate-
cuneate on the inner side, the largest leaves I'A mm. long. Spikes
solitary, 2—3 mm. long by 2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper
plane unequal-sided, obliquely oblong-ovate, keeled, the upper side the
broadest, sparingly minutely denticulate and narrowly pellucid-margined,
the lower side narrower, much shorter, the largest sporophylla I'A mm.
long, under % mm; broad ; sporophylla of the lower plane deltoid-ovate,
subcucullate, acute, indistinctly keeled, sparingly minutely denticulate,

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. INTEETEXTAE. 169

the largest 1 mm. long; microspores orange or miuium-red, smooth;

macrospores

New Guiwq.

(129) S. subfitpinuloiia, Spring, in PI. Jungh., 277; S. spinulosa,
Bk. (not Spring)^ Feni AIL, 64, et passim.

Shoots trailing, 2 'A— 5 cm. long, little branched, the stem very
slender; branches simple or slightly branched again; ultimate branchlets
very short, 1 — Vl-i mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves
heteromorphous; lateral leaves spaced even on the ultimate branchlets,
subspreadiug, oblong-ovate; of the main rachis to Vk mm. long, '/» as
broad, straight, blunt or bluntish, nearly keeled, the upper side sparingly
ciliate, rounded at the base, the lower side entire or denticulate; inter-
medial leaves erect, 'A as large, subequilateral, ovate-oblong, acute or
shortly acuminate, spinuloso-denticulate. Spikes to 4 mm. long, nearly
square; sporophylla ovate, ciliate, keeled; of the upper plane unequal-
sided, much the broadest on the upper (inner) side, bluntish ; of the lower
plane equal-sided, acute; macrospores yellow, nearly smooth; microspores
reddish, smooth.

Java.

(130) S. l¥einlandii, Miermm., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 29.
Shoots creeping, the lower part dichotomous, the upper part pinnate,

the stem compresso-terete, yellow-groen, to Vs mm. thick, the main
rachis 2V2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; higher pinnae simple
or forked, to 2 cm. long, lower pinnate; ultimate branchlets 1 — 10 mm.
long, 1 — IV2 mm. broad. Lateral leaves remote on both stem and
branches; of the stem nearly horizontal or spreading, ovate, blunt or
bluntish, nearly equal-sided, hardly pellucid-margined, rounded at the
base, the upper side sparingly ciliated in the lower half, very minutely
denticulate in the upper part, the lower side very minutely denticulate
except in the lower 'A, the largest leaves VU mm. long and 'A mm.
broad; of the branchlets smaller, to 1 mm. long, more ascending; inter-
medial leaves erect, ovate, nearly straight; of the stem shortly aristate-
acuminate, sparingly ciliate, very sparingly denticulate at the apex,
obliquely rounded at the base, the outer base somewhat produced, the
largest leaves 1 mm. long; of the branchlets smaller, subacute. Spikes
solitary and terminal on the branchlets, 2— 2 'A mm. long by I'A— 2 mm.

170 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. INTERTEXTAE.

broad ; sporophylla of the upper plane spreading, lanceolate-ovate, somewhat
recurved, to I'a mm. long, acute, keeled, the upper side very narrowly
pellucid-margined, sparingly minutely denticulate towards the apex,
sparingly ciliolate towards the base; of the lower plane suberect, ovate,
acutely acuminate, hardly keeled, spai'ingly ciUate, the apex very sparingly
denticulate ; macrospores yellow or yellow- white, very minutely vorruculose,
apparently smooth or nearly so; microspores minium-rod or orange, smooth.
New Guinea.

(131) S. Biai'bid^ci, nu.. Fern AIL, 106, p. p.

Shoots trailing, the stem slender, stramineous, intermatted, angled
on the face, copiously branched, the distant, erecto-patent branches
sparingly compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced even on the
branches, spreading on the stem, erecto-patent on the branchlets, broadly
cordate-ovate, 2 — 2V2 mm. long, subacute, bright-green, rather firm, strongly
ciliated and much imbricated over the rachis on the upper side at the
base; leaves of the upper plane V2 as long, cordate-ovate, shortly cuspidate.
Spikes I'A — 2V2 cm. long, 2 'A mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane
nearly spreading, oblique-lanceolate, acute; those of the lower plane
ascending, very different, ovate-lanceolate, long-cuspidate, strongly keeled
and ciliated.

Borneo.

(132) ^. liUiitei'bacliii. Mieron., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 31.
Shoots creeping, dichotomous in the lower part, pinnate in the upper

part, the main and secondary rachises hardly more than 2 'A mm. broad
including the lateral leaves; pinnae 'A— IV^ cm. long, simple or forked,
or the lower rarely pinnate; ultimate branchlets V/i — 2 mm. broad.
Lateral leaves of- principal rachises remote, spreading, unequal-sided,
ovate-oblong, blunt or bluntish, pellucid-margined, the upper side sparingly
obsoletely denticulate in the upper part, gradually loosely ciliate towards
to the rotundate base, the lower side sparingly obsoletely denticulate,
subcordate at the base, the largest leaves 2 mm. long by 1 mm. broad;
lateral leaves of the branchlets smaller, more ascending, less remote, to
1 mm. long and Va mm. broad; intermedial leaves erect; of the principal
rachises distant, nearly equal-sided, ovate, subacuminate, very narrowly
pellucid-margined, loosely minutely denticulate, the outer base shortly
cordate-auriculate, the inner base rotundate-cuneate, the largest leaves

103. SELAOINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. INTERTESXTAE. 171

IV4 mm. long; of the branchlets much smaller, somewhat keeled. Spikes
3—6 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, nearly square; sporophylla deltoid-ovate,
acute, very narrowly poUucid-margined, loosely minutely denticulate; of
the upper plane strongly keeled, to 1 mm. long, proportionally longer
and narrower than those of the lower plane, which are slightly keeled;
macrospores yellowish or ochraceous, finely and densely verruculose on
the basal side; microspores red or pale-orange-brown, smooth.
N&io Guinea.

(133) S. inlerfcxta, Spring, Mon., II, 237; Bk., Fern All., 107,
Shoots decumbent, repeatedly dichotomous, caespitose, the secondary
shoots 2—5 cm. long, sparingly pinnate, the apex not rarely tlagellate-
elongate and very minutely foliate in the longest forms, the main stem
Va mm. thick, pale-stramineous, 2 'A mm. broad including the lateral
leaves; pinnae short, to 1 cm. long, simple, or the lower more elongate
and sparingly pinnate; ultimate branchlets PA — 2'/4 mm. broad. Leaves
heteromorphous, membranaceous; leaves of the lower plane ascending,
rather equal-sided; of the stem distinctly, though not very, remote, ovate,
IV4 — 2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, straight or slightly falcate, very minutely
apiculate-acuminate, rounded at the base, very minutely (nearly obsoletely)
denticulate on both sides, the upper side ciliate in the lower half; of the
branchlets similar, less remote, or subcontiguous, more rotundate-cuneate
at the base, 1 — Vli mm. long and 'A as broad; leaves of the upper plane
erect, broadly subfalcate-ovate, acuminate, subentire, or sparingly piloso-
denticulate on the outer side towards the base, the inner base rotundate-
cuneate, the outer base cordate or rotundate-subcordate ; of the stem
r/2 mm. long, somewhat remote; of the branchlets shorter, somewhat
imbricate. Spikes solitary, short, IV2 — 2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the
upper plane subfalcate-lanceolate, acute or somewhat acuminate, sparingly
or obsoletely denticulate, to I'A mm. long, the lower subspreading; of the
lower plane erecto-patent, ovate, acuminate, sparingly piloso-denticulate,
the lower ciliate and slightly keeled; macrospores whitish, broadly areolate
with a few reticulate, slender rumples, the apical ribs encircled by a
ring-shaped rumple; microspores yellow or pale-orange, the smaller smooth,
the larger moderately densely verruculose. — Cuming's No. 2015 is
unknown to mo, the description is taken from specimens gathered by
Loher and Curran.
• Luzon.

172 103. SEIiAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. INTERTEXTAE.

(134) !*. Hallieri, e. A. e. n.. Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 36.

Main stem slender, caespitose, trailing, repeatedly dichotomously
branched, 8 mm. broad including the lateral leaves, the ultimate branchlets
narrower, 2 — 6 mm. long, 1 — 2 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous, firm;
loaves of the lower plane much spaced even on the branchlets, rather
spreading, broadly ovate, nearly equal-sided, blunt, the upper side rounded
at the base, minutely piloso-denticulate in the lower half, the lower side
entire, subcordate at the base, those of the main stem the largest, VU — 2 mm.
long, r/4— IV2 mm. broad, those of the branchlets smaller, to 1 mm. long;
leaves of the upper plane Vs as large, erect, ovate, long-acuminate, sub-
cuspidate, the outer edge entire or slightly denticulate at the apex, the
inner edge minutely piloso-denticulate. Spikes 5 — 15 mm. long, 3 mm.
broad ; sporophylla very heteromorphous ; those of the upper plane imbricate,
subspreading, unequal-sided, ovate, bluntish, keeled, the base rounded on
the upper side, cuneate on the lower side, the upper edge minutely piloso-
denticulate in the lower half; those of the lower plane ascending, lanceolate,
acuminate, ciliated on both sides; macrospores yellowish, sparingly finely
verruculose; microspores yellowish, smooth. — Near S. Belangori Spring,
but the lateral leaves relatively shorter and broader, and the branches
looser.

Borneo.

(135) S. Oelangeri, Spring, Men., II, 242; S. proniflora, Bk.,
Fern All., 108; Lycopodium Belangeri, Bory, Voy. Bot., II, tab. I, fig. 2.

Shoots trailing, or ascending towards the apex, 2V2 — 10 cm. long,
caespitose, often repeatedly forked, the stem slender, the branches spreading
to suberect, simple or little compound. Leaves heteromorphous; those of the
lower plane spaced even on the branches, horizontal or spreading, ovate,
IV2— 2V2 mm. long, to 'A as broad, pale to bright-green, membranaceous
or herbaceous, acute or bluntish, unequal-sided, dilated on the upper side
and subcordate at the base, with the upper edge sparingly or remotely
denticulate towards the apex, denticulate to ciliate towards the base; of
the upper plane 'A as long, ovate, acute to acuminate, rather equally
cordate to rotundate-subcordate at the base, with the edges subentire,
or sparingly denticulate to ciliate at the base. Spikes commonly solitary,
7 'A — 20 mm. long, 3 — 5 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane
somewhat ascending, whether or not imbricated, similar to the leaves of
the lower plane but not rarely more falcate and acuminate, often relatively

lOii. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b". INTEETEXTAE. 173

narrower, with the upper edge subentire, or denticulate to ciliate
towards the base; of the lower plane paler, ascending, shorter, ovate,
acute to acuminate or cuspidate, keeled, ciliated; macrospores white or
yellow, finely verruculose to irregularly rugulose, the projections free or
connected; microspores minium-red or brownish, provided with conical,
subcylindrical, bacilliform or capitate projections on the basal side. —
Very variable.

Forma olivacea: Leaves and dorsal sporophylla ohvaceous.

Br. India across Malaya and Papua to North Australia.

(136) S. lanceolata, Wafb., Mons., I, 123, tab. IV E.

Shoots trailing, the stem yellowish, grooved, 1—1 'A mm. thick, the
branches 2 — 8 cm. long, twice branched; branchlets distant, often forked.
Leaves of the stem distant; of the lower plane spreading, doltoid-oblong,
3 mm. long, obtuse, very unequal-sided, the upper side dilated, rounded
at the base, much imbricated over the rachis, the edge minutely denticulate
at the base, the lower side narrowly cuneate at the base; of the upper
plane erect, ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, minutely denticulate, somewhat
oblique and rotundate or subcordato-rotundate at the base; leaves of the
branchlets similar, but Vs as long and less distant, imbricate when young.
Spikes 4 — 8 mm. long, 3 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane
broadly lanceolate, I'A mm. long, oblique, blunt, subsproading, imbricate
at the base, minutely denticulate; of the lower plane ascending, lanceolate,
hardly 1 mm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, keeled, minutely denticulate;
macrospores yellow, with conical projections on the basal side; microspores
orange-coloured, verruculose on the basal side, the projections tuberculiform.

Celebes.

b. llctcros(acil.yS. 2. BituMcatae.

i. Lmcer sporophylla of the lower plane p^'oduced, much larger than the
follomng. (137) S. opaca.

f.f. Lowe7' spo^'ophylla of the lowei' plane not produced, hardly larger
than the following.
9. Leaves of tlie Imver plane entire or at best denticulate.

(138) S. Beccariana.

174 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b^. BISULCATAE.

2.9. Leaves of the Imcer plane ciliate or ciliolate, at least on 1 side at
the base.- (139) S. singalanensis.

(137) S. opaca. Warb., Mons., I, 122.

Shoots wide-trailing, more or less flexuose, irregularly branched, the
stem semiterete or angular, often grooved, stramineous to grey-brown,
I'/i — 272 mm. thick; pinnae irregularly 2 — 3-pinnate with rather few
branchlets varying from "A to 2 cm. long. Leaves heteromorphous ;
leaves of the lower plane oblong; those of the main stem very remote,
horizontal or somewhat doflexed, 4 — 6 mm. long and IV2 — 3 mm. broad,
subacute or shortly apiculate, rounded at the base but more broadly so
on the upper side, more or less piloso-denticulate on the upper edge, not
or hardly imbricated over the rachis; those of the branchlets smaller,
more approximate, rotundate-cuneate, and the higher subbullate, at the
base, somewhat imbricated over the rachis, slightly ascending; leaves of
the upper plane erected, adpressed; those of the main stem remote,
broadly oblong, 2^372 mm. long, suddenly long-cuspidate, somewhat
keeled, denticulate or ciliolate, rounded at the base ; those of the branchlets
smaller, imbricate, more obovate, rather rotundate-cuneate at the base.
Spikes single, rarely double, 3 — 12 mm. long, 3 — 4 mm. broad; sporophylla
of the upper plane ascending, lanceolate-oblong, more or less acute,
ciliolate, imbricate at the base, the lower ones somewhat larger than the
higher; of the lower plane suberect, ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, ciliolate,
hardly smaller than those of the upper plane except the 2 — 4 lower,
which are much larger than the others and very unequal-sided, broadest
on the inner side; macrospores pale-reddish, ochraceous or whitish, nearly
smooth; microspores whitish, reddish or brown, irregularly verruculose.

Java.

(138) J"i. Beccariana, JBfc., Fern All., 106; S. radicata, Bk. (not
Spring), .lourn. of Bot., XVIII, 217, p. p.

Shoots trailing, 15 — 20 cm. long, forked and pinnately compound,

the stem 1—1 7j mm. thick, angular or sulcate on the face when dry,

convex on the back, 4 — 6 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae

2— 3-pinnate; ultimate branchlets 2 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous;

eaves of the lower plane much spaced on the stem, less so on the

103. SELAGINELLA. A\ MONOSTELICAE. b^ BISULCATAE. 175

branchlets, rather ascending; of the stem unequal-siderl, oblique-ovate,
3 — 4 mm. long, dark-green, moderately Arm, bluntish, with the upper
side subentire or very minutely denticulate, more distinctly denticulate
in the lower half or towards the broadly rotundate-subcordate base, the
lower side entire, adnate at the base, with a narrow subtruncate-rotundate
free corner; of the branchlets similar but smaller, to 2 mm. long; leaves
T)f the upper plane very small; of the stem remote, triangular-ovate,
mucronate-acuminate, more or less minutely denticulate, rather rounded
at the base; of the branchlets imbricate, rather cuneate at the base.
Spikes 6V4 — 12 V2 mm. long, 2 — 2V2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper
plane crowded, suberecto-patent, oblique-ovate, bluntish, minutely den-
ticulate on the upper side; of the lower plane erect, smaller, broadly
ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, keeled, denticulate; macrospores pale-flesh-
coloured, white-punctulate or pulverulent, at length smooth; microspores
yellowish to orange-coloured, provided with crowded, verruciform or short-
stalked capitate projections.
Sumatra.

(139) S. siiigalaiicnsis, atefon., Hedwi., L, 18; S. radicata, Bk.
(not Spring), .Journ. of Bot., XVIII, 217, p. p.

Shoots trailing, pinnately divided, forked at the base, the main stem
7 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Lateral leaves remote on the
stem, close on the ultimate branchlets; of the stem horizontal, very
unequal-sided, much produced on the upper side, broadly subcordate-ovate
or ovate, bluntish or subacute, mucronulate, the upper side minutely
denticulate towards the apex, ciliolato towards the broadly rotundate-
cordate base, the lower side minutely denticulate, narrowly rounded at
the base, the largest loaves 3V2 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; of the ultimate
branchlets smaller, ascending; intermedial leaves unequal-sided, obliquely
broadly ovate, aristate-cuspidate, minutely denticulate towards the apex,
ciliate at the base; of the stem the largest, 2V2 mm. long, IV2 mm. broad,
cordate at the base; of the branchlets smaller, broadly rotundate-cuneate
at the base. Spikes 4 mm. long, 2V2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the
upper piano spreading, very unequal-sided, ovate, acute, denticulate,
strongly keeled, the largest 2 mm. long; of the lower plane erect or
suberect, equal-sided, broadly ovate, acuminate, denticulate, keeled, the
largest IVj mm. long; macrospores pale or dirty-yellowish, opaque, verru-
culose with crowded deciduous projections on the basal side; microspores

1V6 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b*. BISULCATAfi.

orange-coloured or yellow, provided with crowded conical projections on
the basal side.
Sumatra.

b. Heterostachys. 3. aubefosae.

1. Shoots to about 8 cm. long (').

A Lateral leaves entire or at best denticulate.

X Intermedial leaves distinctly cuspidate. (140) S. Junghuhniana.
XX Intei'medial leaves not or slightly cuspidate.

(141) S. Zollingeriana.
A A Lateral leaves ciliale or ciliolate, at least on 1 side at the base.
+ Lateral leaves decurrent on the lower side at the base.

(142) S. Karnbachii.
+ + Lateral leaves at best broadly adnate, but not decurrent, at
tlie base.
O Both sides of lateral leaves ciliate or ciliolate.

(143) S. raacroblepharis.
OO Only one side of lateral leaves ciliate o?* ciliolate.

V Spikes to 2 mm. broad.

O Lateral leaves obtuse. (144) S. polyblepharis.
OO Lateral leaves acute. (145) S. philippina.

VV Spikes more than 2 mm. broad. (146) S. Zahnii.
l.f. Shoots more than 8 cm. long tohen fully developed.
9. Sporophylla hardly lieteromorpJious.

X Lateral leaves more or less ciliate or ciliolate.

(147) S. birarensis.
XX Lateral leaves entire or at best denticulate. (148) S. decipiens.
2.9. Sporophylla distinctly heteromoi~phous.

3. Intermedial leaves not or slightly cuspidate.

S. Sporophylla of the lower plane ciliate or ciliolate.

V Spikes to 2 mm. broad. (149) S. Hollrungii.
VV Spikes more than 2 mm. broad.

(150) S. Teysmanni.
4.4. Sporophylla of the knoer plane entire, at best denticulate.

(1) See also (160) %. tcnulfolla Spi-ing and (161) %. arlstata Spring.

l03. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTliLIOAE. b*. SUBEROSAE. 17?

5. Lateral leaves minutely denticulate throughout.

(151) S. elegantissima.
S.S. Lateral leaves at least partly entire, and tchether
or not ciliate or ciliolate.
e. Lateral leaves at best 1 min. long.

(152) S. ketra-ayam.
e.e. Latei-al leaves at least 1 mm. long.

9. Lateral leaves more or less ciliate or
ciliolate. (153) S. Schefferi.

y.y. Lateral leaves not ciliate or ciliolate.

(154) S. lepida.
3.3. Intermedial leaves distinctly cuspidate.
41'. Spikes 3 mm,, or more broad.

V Sporophylla of the lower plane heter amorphous, the
lotoer quite different from the following.

(155) S. cerebriformis.
VV Sporophylla of the lowe)' plane isomorphous.

O Lateral leaves denticulate on both sides
throughout. (162) S. strobiformis.

OO Lateral leaves at least partly entire and
ichether or not ciliate or ciliolate.

(156) S. suberosa.
^'. J'. Spikes to 8 mm. broad.

&'. Lateral leaves of the stem ciliate m' ciliolate, at
least on 1 side at the base.

O Intermedial leaves of the stem 2-auriculate-
cordate at the base. (157) S. myosuroides.
OO Intermedial leaves of the stem, at best semi-
cordate-auriculate at the base.

(158) S. subcalcarata.
S'.S'. Lateral leaves of the stem entire, at best denticulate.

e. Fxdly developed plants more than 15 cm. long,
the intermedial leaves of the main rachis
cordate or semicordate at the base.

(159) S. chrysocaulos.
©'.«'. Fully developed plants to 15 cm. long, or the

intermedial leaves of the main rachis cuneate
or rounded at the base.
Fern Allies. 12

178 103. SELAGINELLA. A^ MONOSTELICAE.

r. Shoots tufted. (160) S. tenuifolia.

r.7'. Shoots not tufted. (161) S. aristata.

(162) S. strobiformis.

(140) SI. Junghnliniana, Sprang, PL Jungh., 276.

Shoots very small, caespitose, ascending, 2V2 — 4 cm. long, branched
from the base, triangular in outline, the stem very slender, yellow when
dry, the lower branches spreading, with 1 — 2 short branchlets, the higher
ascending. Leaves pale, whitish beneath, thin, diaphanous, flaccid; those
of the lower plane spreading, spaced on both stem and branches, lanceolate-
oblong, 2 — 3 mm. long, 1 — 2 mm. broad, subentire, or very minutely den-
ticulate on the upper edge, broadly rounded at the upper base, the higher
ones acute, the lower bluntish; those of the upper plane very minute,
lanceolate, long-cuspidate, subentire. Spikes 5 mm. long; sporophylla of
the upper plane oblong, acute, minutely denticulate, rather keeled, con-
tiguous, the higher growing gradually shorter; of the lower plane Va as
long, ovate-lanceolate, adpressed, long-acuminate, paler, minutely serrulate-
denticulate, erected. — A plant gathered in Java (Junghuhn No. 255),
which is probably the original specimen, has the lateral leaves minutely
serrulate on both sides, the leaves of the upper plane with the cusp
nearly twice as long as the blade, the macrospores pale-yellow-brown,
rather smooth, the microspores orange-coloured, sparingly punctulate-
verruculose.

Java, Sumatra.

(141) ji. Zollingjeriana, Spring, PI. Jungh., 278; 6k., 'Fern
All., 114.

Shoots erect or ascending, caespitose, 2V2 — 8 cm. long, lanceolate or
triangular in outline, branched from the base, the stem slender, moderately
firm, yellowish when dry, the branches erecto-patent with 3 — 4 short
branchlets, or more compound in the larger specimens. Leaves hetero-
morphous, pellucid; lateral leaves erecto-patent, spaced on both stem and
branches, ovate-oblong; of the stem 1 — 2 mm. long, V2— 1 mm. broad,
bluntish or subacute, nearly equal-sided, minutely denticulate, obliquely
rounded at the base; of the branchlets smaller, to 1 mm. long; intermedial
leaves to Va as long, ovate-oblong, subequilateral, subacuminate, keeled,

103. SEI.AGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. SUBEROSAE. 179

subentire or minutely denticulate, obliquely rounded at the base. Spikes
5 — 15 mm. long; sporophylla of the upper plane erecto-patent, ovate-
lanceolate, inequilateral, very minutely denticulate, keeled, shortly
acuminate; of the lower plane 'A as long, suberect, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, keeled, minutely denticulate; macrospores yellowish-white,
smooth; microspores minium-red, smooth.
Java,

(142) S. H.arnbachii, Hiet-on., Hedwi., XLIII, 64.

Shoots erect or ascending from a slightly creeping base, to 7 cm.
long, pinnately branched, the stem hardly Va mm. thick, subterete, rather
compressed, stramineous-green, often forked at the base; secondary shoots
sublanceolate or ovate in outline; lower branches hardly 272 cm. long,
sparingly pinnate, higher forked or simple. Leaves heteromorphous, sub-
glaucous-green; lateral leaves somewhat unequal-sided, ovate, decurrent
and auricled on the lower side, subcordate and rounded on the upper
side at the base, subobtuse, the upper side narrowly pellucid- or pale-
margined, with the edge provided with moderately long, straight or
recurved ciliae towards the base, both edges more or less distinctly
serrulate towards the apex, the largest leaves 1 — Vk mm. long, V* mm.
broad; intermedial leaves ovate, the largest 1 mm. long, Vs mm. broad,
shortly acuminate, with the inner base cordate, the outer base shortly
auriculate, both sides narrowly pellucid-margined, and shortly and sparingly
ciliato at the edge. Spikes conspicuously platystichous, to 12 mm. long,
2V2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane, unequal-sided, oblique-
ovate, acute, pellucid-margined, ciliated, slightly piloso-denticulate towards
the apex, keeled, the largest IV2 mm. long, hardly V2 mm. broad; those
of the lower plane pale-green, more or less equal-sided, ovate, acute,
subaristate, long-ciliate on both sides at the edge, the largest 1 mm.
long, V2 mm. broad; macrospores opaque-yellow or white, smooth; micro-
spores minium-red, smooth.

New Guinea.

(143) fi. macroblepharls, Warb., Mens., I, 124, tab. Ill C.
Shoots subcreeping or rather ascending, 7—8 cm. long, the stem

slender, Vs mm. thick, yellowish; pinnae 2—3 cm. long; pinnulae Vs — 1
cm. long, remote, simple or the lower forked. Leaves heteromorphous;
leaves of the lower plane spaced on both stem and branches, spreading

180 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. SUBEROSAE.

or horizontal, oblong, subacute, rounded on both sides at the base, white-
margined, remotely ciliated on both sides; of the stem V4 — 1 mm.
long; of the branchlets smaller; leaves of the upper plane ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, rather equally rotundate-cuneate on both sides at the base,
ciliated on both sides. Spikes relatively short and broad, 3 mm. long
and 2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane 3—4 on a side,
spreading, oblong, 1 mm. long, hardly acute, ciliated, keeled, imbricated
at the base; those of the lower plane erect, ovate, acuminate, ciliate,
keeled; macrospores yellowish-white, rather smooth; microspores orange,
smooth.

Neio Guinea (?); Bismarck Islands.

(144) S. polyblephariii, Wafh., Mons., I, 127.

Shoots erect, 4 — 6 cm. long, the stem slender, when dry yellowish
and V2 mm. thick; branches 1 — 4 cm. long, pinnate, or the lower 2-pinnate.
Leaves of the lower plane erecto-patent; of the stem elliptical, under 1
mm. long, hardly oblique, obtuse, rounded at the base, not imbricate
over the stem, copiously ciliate on the upper side towards the base;
leaves of the upper plane ascending, somewhat smaller; of the stem
ovate, nearly keeled, acute, ciliolate; leaves of the branchlets similar to
those of the stem, hardly smaller, more close. Spikes slender, relatively
long, to 1 cm. long, 1 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane many,
obliquely ascending, lanceolate, % mm. long, subacute, ciliolate, rounded
at the base, not close; of the lower plane pale, hardly more ascending,
ovate, keeled, subcuspidate, long-ciliate ; macrospores smooth or slightly
foveolate, or subverruculose to slightly rugulose; microspores smooth.

Luzon.

(145) S. philippina, Spring, Men., II, 105; Bk., Fern All., 88;
S. Cumingiana, Pr., Abh. BOhm. Ges., Ill, 582.

Shoots erect, copiously pinnate, the stem slender, unequally qua-
drangular, flat on the face, convex on the back; lower pinnae elongated,
with 3 — 5 alternate pinnulae; pinnulae simple or forked; branchlets I'A
mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral
leaves spaced even on the branchlets, erecto-patent, oblong; of the stem
nearly equal-sided, IV4 — 2 mm. long, acute, minutely serrulate on both
sides but sparingly so on the lower side, hardly semicordate-rotundate
on the upper side at the base; of the ultimate branchlets smaller, rather

103. SELAGINELLA. A". MONOSTELICAE. b'. SUBEKOSAE. 181

rotunda te-cuneate at the base; intermedial leaves 'A as long, oval, acute,
shortly apiculate, hardly falcate, pale-margined, minutely denticulate,
somewhat keeled, adnate and more or less rotundate-cuneate at the
base. — The destcription is compared with a sterile specimen of Cuming's
No. 1999 occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium; it agrees exactly
with a fertile specimen of Elmer's No. 9273. The said specimenis have
the shoots small, under 7 cm. long, the lateral leaves pellucid-m&rgined
on both sides, with the upper side ciliate or ciliolate in the lower half,
rounded at the base, the spikes platystichous, resupinate, to IV2 cm.
long, IV2 — 2 mm. broad at the base, the sporophylla of the upper plane
spreading, elongate-oblong, bluntish, keeled, the keel ciliolate, the upper
side remotely denticulate, remotely ciliolate towards the base, the sporo-
phylla of the lower plane erect, triangular-ovate, acuminate, remotely
ciliate, the macrospores yellow or pale-ochraceous, smooth, opaque, the
microspores yellow or minium-red, smooth.
Philippines.

(146) S. Zahnii, Micron., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 37.

Shoots suberect from a creeping or subascending base, branched frbm
the base, the stem stramineous, distinctly 2-sulcate down the face, the
main rachis 4 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; lower and central
pinnae to 2V2 cm. long; pinnulae simple7 to 1 cm. long, the lower
rarely forked; ultimate branchlets 2 mm. broad.' Lateral leaves somewhat
remote on the main rachis, approximate or close on the branchlets; of
the main rachis subhorizontal, obliquely triangular-ovate, bluntish or sub-
acute, the upper side rounded, sparingly and very minutely denticulate
in the upper part, sparingly and gradually ciliolate towards the broadly
rounded base, narrowly pellucid-margined in the lower part, the lower
side nearly straight, sparingly and very minutely denticulate towards the
apex, subentire towards the narrowly rotundate-subtruncate base, the
largest leaves 3 mm. long by VU mm. broad; of the branchlets smaller,
spreading, unequally rotundate-cuneate at the base, the largest Vk mm.
long; intermedial leaves erect; of the main rachis ovate-lanceolate, nearly
straight, narrowly long-acuminate, subaristate, obliquely rounded at the
base, narrowly pellucid-margined, sparingly and very minutely denticulate,
the outer base somewhat produced, the inner base sparingly ciliolate, the
largest leaves 2 mm. long; of the branchlets smaller, proportionally
narrower, more lanceolate. Spikes terminal and solitary, 4 — 7 mm. long.

182 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. SUBEROSAE.

2Vj mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane obliquely lanceolate-deltoid,
acute, spreading, somewhat recurved, keeled, sparingly and minutely
denticulate, the upper side sparingly ciliolate towards the base, the largest
sporophylla l'* ram. long; of the lower plane suberect, deltoid-ovate,
narrowly long-acuminate, subaristate, sparingly ciliate, keeled, to I'A mm.
long; macrospores stramineous- white, provided with minute conical or
verruciform projections; microspores orange or yellowish, smooth.
New Guinea.

(147) S. birarcnsis, Muhn, Forsch. Gaz., IV, Bot.

Shoots 14 — 20 cm. long, to 3-pinnate, erect from an ascending base,
the stem 2-sulcate down the face, convex on the back ; branches spreading,
elongated, acuminated, narrowed at the base; ultimate branchlets 2 — 3 'A
mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral
leaves of the stem ovate, obtuse, entire, nearly equally cordate on both
sides at the base, the upper (inner) side ciliated in the lower half, the
lower (outer) side only so at the base; intermedial leaves of the stem
rhomboidal-ovate, acuminated, ciliated on both sides, auriculate-cordate
on the outer side and rounded on the inner side at the base; leaves of
the branches deep-green above, paler beneath; lateral leaves of the
branchlets rather approximate, with the interstices less broad than the
leaves, spreading, ovate, subfalcate, subobtuse, subentire, auriculate-cordate
and ciliated on the upper side at the base, rounded or rotundate-cuneate
on the lower side at the base; intermedial leaves of the branchlets 'A as
long, broadly ovate, subfalcate, acuminate, obliquely rounded at the
base, with both edges ciliated. Spikes to 5 mm. long; sporophylla not
very heteromorphous; of the upper plane ovate-elongate, acuminate,
ciliolate, keeled; of the lower plane somewhat smaller, broadly ovate,
acuminate, ciliate, slightly keeled ; microspores smooth ; macrospores

Papuan Islands.

(148) Si. <leclpieil8, WFarb., Mons., I, 127.

Shoots ascendmg from a creeping base, 80 cm. long, the lower part
simple, pale-brown or yellowish, irregularly angled when dry, 2—3 mm.
thick, sparingly foliate, the upper part branched, lanceolate in outline;
lower pinnae 10 — 15 cm. long, 2-pinnate; ultimate branchlets 6 — 8 mm.
long, 3 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stem

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b\ SUBEROSAE. 183

suberect, ovate, subentire, hardly acute, the lateral ones somewhat larger
than the intermedial; leaves of the branches heteromorphous ; lateral
leaves approximate, ovate; of the secondaiy rachises subhorizontal, very
unequal-sided, to 4 mm. long, blunt, the upper side minutely denticulate
and very broadly abruptly rotundate-cuneate at the base, the lower side
entire, narrowly rounded at the base; of the ultimate branchlets to 2 mm.
long, subfalcate, subacute, subentire, nearly equally rounded on both
sides at the base; intermedial leaves ovate, shortly cuspidate, minutely
denticulate, rounded or rotundate-subcordate at the base. Spikes 3 — 4
mm. long, 1 — Vk mm. broad; sporophylla not very heteromorphous; of the
upper plane ascending, broadly lanceolate, hardly 1 mm. long, bluntish,
minutely denticulate; of the lower plane suberect, somewhat broader and
shorter, acuminate, keeled, minutely^- denticulate; macrospores yellow,
verrucose with deciduous, tuberculiform projections; microspores orange,
minutely verruculose.
Malacca; Br. India.

(149) S. Hollruni^ii, Miefot., in Engl. 6ot. Jahrb., L, 35.

Shoots erect or suberect from a creeping base, to 12 cm. long,
loosely branched from the base, the main stem compresso-terete, sub-2-
sulcate down the face, convex below, yellowish-green, to Va mm. thick,
2'/j mm. broad including the lateral leaves; lower pinnae to 5 cm. long;
pinnulae simple or forked, rarely sparingly pinnate; ultimate branchlets
IVj mm. broad. Lateral leaves ascending or spreading; of the main stem
remote, broadly oblique-ovate, blunt, pale-margined, the upper side minutely
denticulate towards the apex, rather sparingly long-ciliated in the lower
'A — Vs part, rounded at the base, the lower side entire or very minutely
denticulate, somewhat adnate and shortly auriculate-cordate at the base,
the largest loaves VU mm. long by IV4 mm. broad; of the branchlets
smaller, to 1 mm. long, less remote; intermedial leaves erect; of the
main stem obliquely subfalcate-ovate, subacuminate, pellucid-margined,
entire or sparingly minutely denticulate, rotundate-cuneate or rotundate
and adnate at the base, the adnate portion concave-rotundate, the largest
leaves 1 mm. long and 'A mm. broad. Spikes solitary and terminal on
the branchlets, 5 — 8 mm. long, 1 — I'A mm. broad; sporophylla of the
upper plane spreading, deltoid-lanceolate, subrecurved, unequal-sided, acute,
narrowly pellucid-margined, keeled, minutely denticulate, to 1 mm. long;
of the lower plane suberect, deltoid-ovate, nearly equal-sided, ciliate,

184 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELIOAE. b'. SUBEBOSAE.

narrowly pellucid-margined, slightly keeled; macrospores yellow, minutely
punctulate; microspores minium-red or orange, smooth.
New Guinea.

(150) S. Teysmannl, Mieron., Hedwi., XLIII, 60.

Shoots erect or ascending from a more or less trailing base, densely
caespitose, to 10 cm. long, the stem compressed, sulcate above, convex
beneath, at best Vs mm. thick, stramineous, .the lower part simple or
dichotomous, the higher part pinnate ; pinnae simple or forked, or the lower
dichotomous. Leaves heteromorphous, very remote on both stem and
branches, pale-green, very thin; lateral leaves more or less horizontal,
equal-sided, suboblong-ovate, subobtuse, upper base rounded, lower base
rather rotundate-truncate, upper edge sparingly piloso-denticulate towards
the apex, shortly and slightly ciliate towards the base, lower edge
piloso-serrulate towards the apex, often entire towards the base, largest
leaves under 2 mm. long, under 1 mm. broad; intermedial leaves equi-
lateral, lanceolate-ovate, acutely acuminate but not cuspidate, outer base
cuneate, somewhat decurrent, inner base rounded, edges piloso-denticulate,
largest leaves hardly 1 mm. long, under Vs mm. broad. Spikes hardly
more than SVs mm. long, to 2V2 mm. broad; sporophylla very hetero-
morphous; of the upper plane more or less contiguous, subspreading,
very unequal-sided, keeled, obtuse, lower side sparingly, shortly serrulate,
upper side sparingly piloso-denticulate, ciliolate towards the base, the largest
2 mm. long, under V2 mm. broad; of the lower plane deltoid-ovate,
acuminate, ciliate on both sides, the largest under 1 mm. long, Vj mm.
broad; macrospores bright-yellow or orange-coloured, smooth, or irregularly
rugulose to ruguloso-reticulate on the basal side; microspores reddish-
brown, densely verruculose.

Celebes.

(151) li. eleg;aiitlsslina, Warb., Mons., I, 128; Hieron., in Engl.
& Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., P, fig. 406.

Shoots erect, 12 — 18 cm. long, ovate in outline, 4 — 7 cm. broad, the
stem stramineous, Vs mm. thick; pinnae spreading or subascending, 2—5
cm. long, laxly pinnate, or 2-pinnate at the base, the branchlets 2 — 16
mm. long. Leaves heteromorphous, very distant on the stem, less so on
the branchlets; leaves of the lower plane spreading; of the stem oblong, 1
mm. long, acute, minutely denticulate on both sides, oblique and nearly

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. SUBEROSAE. 185

rounded at the base, rather dilated on the upper side at the base,
slightly imbricate over the stem or rachis; leaves of the upper plane erect,
adpressed, broadly lanceolate, to ",4 mm. long, acuminate, denticulate;
leaves of the branchlets similar, but smaller. Spikes copious, oblong,
5—8 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane spreading,
not imbricate, hardly contiguous, oblong, Vs mm. long, more or less
acute, slightly keeled, minutely . denticulate on the upper side; of the
lower plane 'A as long, erect, ovate-lanceolate, acute, denticulate;
macrospores white to yellow, minutely papilloso-verruculose (Hieron.,
1. c, 699), smooth to reticulate (in Zollinger's No. 3313 and conf.
Hieron. 's drawing); microspores minium-red, densely verrucose on the
basal side.
Celebes.

(152) S. ketra-ayani, r. A. r. n.. Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 24.

Shoots probably erect from a creeping base, caespitose, lanceolate in
outhne, when adult 10 — 15 cm. long, Vh — 4 cm. broad at the middle,
the stem stramineous, compresso-terete, slightly grooved, Va mm. thick,
2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves ; pinnae erecto-patent, the central
ones the largest, IV2 — 4 cm. long, pinnate; pinnulae simple or forked;
branchlets to V/4 cm. long, 1 mm. broad or hardly broader including the
lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous; leaves of the lower plane very
distant on the stem, less so or even contiguous on the branchlets, nearly
erecto-patent; of the stem broadly ovate-oblong, very unequal-sided, nearly
1 mm. long, nearly 'A mm. broad near the base, acute or subacute, with
the upper edge minutely denticulate, the lower edge obsoletely so, the upper
base dilated, rounded or rotundate-cuneate, imbricated over the stem, the
lower base rather narrowly rounded; of the branchlets similar but
somewhat smaller; leaves of the upper plane erected, distant on the
stem, contiguous on the branchlets; of the stem ovate, 1 mm. long, nearly
straight, acuminate, minutely denticulate on the inner edge, obsoletely
so on the outer edge, the base obliquely rounded, somewhat produced
and apparently slightly peltate; of the branchlets similar but smaller,
hardly produced at the base. Spikes short, oblong, 2—4 mm. long, V/i—2
mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane 2 — 4 on a side, subascending,
lanceolate, very shortly mucronate-acuminate, keeled, minutely denticulate
on the upper edge; those of the lower plane suberect, ovate, acuminate,
keeled; denticulate on both edges; macrospores yellowish- white, finely

186 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. bl SUBEROSAE.

and sparingly powdered, nearly smooth; microspores yellowish or pale-
orange, smooth.
Banca.

(153) S. SichefTeri, niet-on., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 24.

Shoots ascending or suberect from a short-creeping base, 20 — 30 cm.
long, the lower part simple, stipitifoi^n, obtusely quadrangular in the
lower half, smooth, naked, stramineous or pale-ochraceous, 1 — IV2 mm.
thick, the upper part ovate or lanceolate in outline, 2-pinnate or sub-8-
pinnate, the rachis 5 — 6 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; lower
pinnae 4 — 8 cm. long, pinnate or sub-2-pinnate ; ultimate branchlets 2 — 3
mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral leaves of the stipe unequal-
sided, obliquely ovate, to 2 mm. long by IVj mm. broad, bluntish, the
upper side denticulate in the upper part, gradually copiously ciliated in
the lower pait, broadly rounded at the base, the lower side sparingly
denticulate in the upper part, rotundate-cuneate in the lower part, auricled
at the base; of the main rachis similar but 8 mm. long by IV4 mm. broad;
of the branchlets less unequal-sided, ovate-oblong, 1 'A mm. long, subfalcate,
subacute, the upper side indistinctly pellucid-margined, rounded, at the
base, the lower side rotundate-truncate at the base; intermedial leaves
of the stipe similar to the lateral leaves but shortly acuminate, minutely
denticulate on both sides; of the main rachis similar but shortly aristate, 2 'A
mm. long and TA mm. broad, the cusp 'A as long as the blade; of the
branchlets similar but smaller, and the cusp proportionally a little longer.
Spikes solitary, 4 — 8 mm. long by 2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper
plane unequal-sided, obliquely deltoid, sparingly denticulate on both sides
in the upper part, keeled, I'A mm. long; of the lower plane equal-sided,
deltoid-ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate, denticulate, indistinctly keeled;
macrospores yellow or black, finely reticulate; microspores red or orange,
smooth.

New Guinea.

(154) S. lepida, Uieron,, Hedwi., LI, 260.

Shoots ascending from a trailing base, dichotomous in the lower part,
pinnate in the upper part, 10 cm. long, the stem hardly more than 'A
mm. thick, compresso-terete, 2 — 2 'A mm. broad including the lateral
leaves; pinnae 'A — 1 cm. apart, 1 — 2'A cm. long, the higher simple, the
lower one or more times forked or subpinnate with 1 — 4 branchlets on

103. SELAGINELLA. A\ MONOSTELICAE. b". SUBEROSAE. 187

a side; ultimate branclilets 1 — I'/j mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous,
glaucous-green, remote on both stem and branches; lateral leaves ascending;
of the stem unequal-sided, oblique-ovate, blunt or subacute, rounded ot\
the upper side and rather narrowly subcordate on the lower side at the
base, with the upper edge entire or sparingly denticulate towards the
base, the lower side entire, or sparingly and minutely denticulate towards
the apex, the largest leaves IV* — VU mm. long and 1 mm. broad; of the
ultimate branchlets smaller, rather rotundate-cuneate on the lower side
at the base; intermedial leaves nearly equal-sided, ovate, long-acuminate,
hardly aristate, somewhat obliquely rounded at the base, with the inner
edge sparingly and minutely denticulate and the outer edge entire, or
minutely denticulate towards the apex, the largest leaves I'A mm. long
and hardly more than Vs mm. broad. Spikes solitary, 'A — I'/a cm. long,
IV2 — 2 mm. broad, not rarely flagellate-prohferous ; sporophylla of the
upper plane very unequal-sided, oblique-ovate, acute, keeled, minutely
serrulate on both sides; of the lower plane equal-sided, deltoid, aristate-
acuminate, somewhat keeled, sparingly minutely serrulate; macrospores
whitish to yellow, smooth or minutely papilloso-tuberculate on the basal
side; microspores red or yellow, smooth.
Borneo.

(155) S. eereliriforiuis, r. A. r. «., Bull. Btz., 1912, VII, 32.

Shoots probably erect, more than 8 cm. long, pinnate, the stem IV2
mm. thick, stramineous and unequally grooved down the face and sides
when dry; pinnae remote, 3V2 cm. long, between 2-pinnate and 2 — 3 times
forked; ultimate branchlets 7V2 — 15 mm. long, 4 — 5 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous; leaves of the lower plane spreading
or horizontal; those of the ultimate branchlets rather remote, rhomboidal-
oblong, the largest 2V2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, somewhat falcate, acute,
obliquely cuneate or rotundate-cuneate at the base, the lower edge entire,
the upper edge sparingly ciliolate-denticulate, or entire towards the apex;
those of the main rachis similar but more distant, larger, to 5 mm. long,
more broadly rounded on the upper side at the base ; leaves of the upper
plane erect, adpressed; those of the ultimate branchlets imbricated,
parallel, nearly straight, obovate-oblong, the largest 2 mm. long, nearly
equally cuneate on both sides at the base, the apex rounded and abruptly
cuspidate, the cusp more than 'A as long as the blade, the edges ciliolate-
denticulate; those of the main rachis similar, but distant, larger, more

188 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. bl SUBEROSAE.

rotundate-cuneate at the base. Spikes rather short, 4—5 mm. broad;
sporophylla trimorphous; of the upper plane ascending, lanceolate, shortly
mucronulate-acuminate, more or less keeled and ciliolate-denticulate, 3
mm. long; of the lower plane erect, the higher regularly ovate-acuminate,
keeled, long-cuspidate, ciliolate, 2 'A mm. long, the lower (of the macro-
sporangia) ovate, very unequal-sided, S'/z mm. long, keeled, the apex
shortly cuspidate, the outer side very narrow, gradually narrowed towards
the apex, the inner side very broad, with the apex blunt, rounded, emarginate
at the base of the cusp, both edges ciUolate-denticulate but the outer
edge entire towards the apex; macrospores whitish or yellowish, smooth;
microspores yellowish or pale-orange, densely and irregularly rugulose
with connected tuberculiform projections giving them a brain-shaped
aspect. — The classification of this species is not quite positive, the
description being taken from an incomplete specimen.
Sumatra.

(156) S. suberofita, Spring, Mon., II, 252; Bk., Fern All., 119.
Shoots densely tufted, suberect, copiously pinnate, often above 30 cm.

long, the stem pale, shining-brown or stramineous, spongy, to 3V4 mm.
thick at the base, the branches erecto-patent and decompound. Leaves
of the lower plane spaced and erecto-patent on the branches, very distant
and spreading on the stem, oblique-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3— 3 'A mm.
long, 'A as broad, acute, bright-green, membranous, unequal-sided, much
produced, broadly rotundate-subcordate, rotundate or rotundate-cuneate,
entire, or sparingly ciliated and a little imbricated over the stem on the
upper side at the base, more or less narrowly rounded on the lower side;
leaves of the upper plane 'A — Va as long, obovate-oblong, long-aristate, slightly
narrowed and obliquely decurrent at the base, entire or sparingly den-
ticulate or ciliate. Spikes copious, 6 — 20 mm. long, 3 — 4V4 mm. broad;
sporophylla of the upper plane lanceolate, erecto-patent, somewhat ciliate
at the base, keeled; of the lower plane ascending, ovate-subulate, long-
acuminate, ciliate, keeled; macrospores yellowish or greyish, with deciduous
tuberculiform verrucae; microspores reddish, with tuberculiform projections,
Malacca to Northern India.

(157) S. myosurolcles, Spring, Mon., II, 236; Bk., Fern All, 118;
Lycopodium myosuroides, Klf., Enum. Fil., 19.

Shoots erect or ascending, 10 — 20 cm. long, pinnate, the stem

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. SUBEROSAE. 189

stramineous, nearly 1 mm. thick; pinnae more or less copious, ascending
or suberect, the lower simply pinnate or rarely 2-pinnate; branchlets
erecto-patent or suberect, the lower to 2 cm. long, 2 — 3 mm. broad
including the lateral leaves. Leaves thin, heteromorphous; leaves of the
lower plane spreading or ascending; of the stem remote, unequal-sided,
oblique-oblong, the largest 2 — 2'/2 mm. long and 'k as broad, very minutely
denticulate on both sides or subentire on the lower side, ciliate on the
upper side in the lower half or towards the base, the upper base broadly
rounded, the lower base more narrowly so; of the branchlets similar, smaller,
IVj mm. long, relatively narrower, less unequal-sided, more acute, less
remote, less rounded at the base; leaves of the upper plane erect,
contiguous or imbricate; of the stem obovate, to 2 mm. long, cuspidate,
keeled in the upper part, minutely denticulate on both sides or rather
entire on the outer side, more or less ciliate at the base, the base
obliquely cordate, produced on the outer side, the cusp Vi as long as the
blade; of the branchlets similar but smaller, more distinctly denticulate,
less ciliate, the inner base rotundate-cuneate, the cusp often relatively
longer. Spikes Vi — IV2 cm. long, 2^k — 3 mm. broad; sporophylla of the
upper plane lanceolate, acute, the lower the largest, spreading, to 2 mm.
long, the upper side denticulate, ciliate at the base, the keel ciliate; of
the lower plane erecto-patent or suberect, ovate, acuminate, ciliate,
keeled; macrospores yellowish-white, smooth; microspores minium-red or
yellowish, smooth.
Luzon.

(158) Si. fitubcalcarata, «. a. ». n.. Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 49.
Near S. myosuroides Spi-ing, but the pinnae sometimes much elongated

and always pinnate, the intermedial leaves of the stem rounded or
rotundate-cuneate at the inner base, subcalcarate-cordate at the outer
base, the spikes narrower, IVs — 2 mm. broad, the sporophylla of the
upper plane shorter, not ciliate at the upper base, the macrospores
probably greyish-white and smooth or nearly smooth, the microspores
smooth or sparingly punctulate.
Borneo.

(159) S. chryfilocauloiB, Spring, Mon., II, 250; Hieron., Hedwi.,
XLIII, 15; Bk., Fern All., 117, p. p.; Lycopodimn chrysocaulon, Hk, & Grev.,
Enum. FiL, No. 182.

190 lOS. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. SUBEROSAE.

Shoots erect from a creeping base, 15—35 cm. long, the base simple,
compressed, subquadrangular, bright-yellow, glossy, to 1 mm. or more
thick, the upper part pinnately compound, ovate-lanceolate in outline;
lower pinnae. 3-pinnate at the base, central 2-pinnate at the base, higher
simply pinnate; branchlets simple or forked. Leaves of the lower part
of the stipe isomorphous, more or less decussate, bracteiform, those of the
main rachis and branches heteromorphous, bright-green, rigid ; leaves of the
lower plane spaced even on the branchlets; of the main rachis very
unequal-sided, oblique, ovate, acute, rounded on the upper side, shortly
truncate or auricled on the lower side at the base, pellucid-margined on
the upper side, piloso-denticulate on both sides, the largest 3 mm. long,
r/j — 1^4 mm. broad; of the branches less unequal-sided, subfalcate, acute,
the largest of the ultimate branchlets I'A mm. long, ^-2 mm. broad; leaves
of the upper plane of the main rachis cordate at the base, subauricled
on the outer side, subcuspidate-acuminate, pellucid-margined, piloso-den-
ticulate, the largest 2'.4 mm. long, 1 mm. broad; of the branches more
distinctly cuspidate, the largest of the ultimate branchlets hardly 1 Vs mm.
long, under 'A mm. broad. Spikes hardly more than 5 mm. long, 2 mm.
broad; sporophylla of the upper plane oblique-oblong, very unequal-sided,
keeled, more or less distinctly pellucid-margined and slightly piloso-den-
ticulate ; of the lower plane equal-sided, ovate, acuminate, setiform at the
point, pale-green, keeled, the base auricled, the margin slightly piloso-
denticulate; macrospores yellowish, minutely granulate on the basal side;
microspores densely and coarsely verrucose.

Malacca to Br. India.

(160) S. tenuifolia, SptHng, Mon., II, 253; Bk., Fern All., 118.

Shoots tufted, suberect, TVs — I?'/? cm. long, copiously pinnate, the
stem naked, thick-spongy below, stramineous or brownish, 2-sulcate down
the face; pinnae copiously compound. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral
leaves spaced and spreading on the main stem, approximate and erecto-
patent on the branchlets, ovate-rhomboid or oblong-rhomboid, 2 — 37* mm.
long (after Spring 4 mm. long, 2V2 mm. broad; probably those of the
main rachis), subacute or blunt, pale-green, membranaceous, the upper
side minutely serrulate, broadly rounded or cordate at the base, the
lower side subentire (after Hieronymus minutely serrulate), narrowed
at the base; intermedial leaves Vs as long, ovate, long-cuspidate, minutely
serrulate, keeled. Spikes copious, short, 2V2 mm. broad; sporophylla very

lOS. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. b'. SUBEROSAE. 191

heteromorphous ; of the upper plane erecto-patent, lanceolate-rhomboid,
serrulate, white-margined, keeled; of the lower plane suberect, broadly
ovate, long-cuspidate, ciliolate-serrulate, acutely keeled; macrospores
yellowish or greyish, deciduously verrucose; microspores verrucose.
Malacca; Hindostan.

(161) S. aristata, Spring, Mon., II, 245; S. debilis, Spring^ 1. c,
122; S. tenera. Spring, Bk., Fern All, 118, p. p.

Shoots erect from the base or creeping in the lower part, 6 — 12 cm.
long, the flaccid, erecto-patent branches pinnate; ultimate branchlets
short, 2V2 — 3V2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves thin;
lateral leaves much spaced and spreading or squarrose on the stem,
ascending and less remote on the branchlets ; of the stem rhomboid-oblong,
2V2 — 3 mm. long, I'A mm. broad, subacute or bluntish, membranous,
unequal-sided, much dilated and broadly rounded or subcordate on the
upper side at the base, narrowly rounded on the lower side, very minutely
serrulate, or entire at the base; of the branchlets smaller, 2 mm. long;
intermedial leaves rather equal-sided, small, ovate, long-acuminate-cuspidate,
narrowly pale-margined. Spikes to 9 mm. long, 2V2 — 3Vs mm. broad;
sporophylla of the upper plane spreading, lanceolate-oblong, acute, minutely
serrulate on both sides, keeled; of the lower plane suberect, ovate,
long-acuminate-cuspidato, serrulate, keeled; macrospores pale-reddish or
yellowish- white, finely punctulate-verruculose ; microspores minium-red or
orange, irregularly verruculose or rugulose-verruculose.

Philippities, Java (?).

(162) $i. slrobirorniis, Warb., Mons., I, 124, tab. Ill B.
Shoots ascending from a short-decumbent base, ovate in outline,

branched down nearly to the base, 8 — 15 cm. long, the stem stramineous,
V2 — 1 mm. or more thick in the lower part; pinnae erecto-patent or sub-
spreading, the lower pinnate, little compound, the higher simple, the
largest to 6 cm. long; ultimate branchlets at best 1 cm. long, 3— 8V2
mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous, thin-
membranaceous; lateral leaves very remote on the main stem, less so
on the branches, with the interstices at least as broad as the leaves, the
lower horizontal, the higher more ascending, ovate-oblong, blunt or bluntish,
minutely denticulate on both sides, broadly subcordate or rounded on the
upper 'side at the base; of the stem 2— 2V2 mm. long, of the branches

192 103. SELAGIKELLA. A'. MONOSTEUCAE. b^ SUBEROSAtl.

1—2 mm. long; intermedial leaves erect, ovate-oblong, narrowly pellucid-
margined, with a cusp Vt—V* as long as the blade or longer, minutely
denticulate, rather rounded at the base, the largest to IV* mm. long.
Spikes 4 — 10 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, narrowed towards the apex;
sporophylla of the upper plane subspreading, lanceolate-oblong, acute,
minutely serrulate on both sides, keeled; of the lower plane suberect,
triangular-ovate, subulate-acuminate and somewhat cuspidate, minutely
denticulate; macrospores white or yellowish, smooth, finely verruculose,
foveolate or rugulose; microspores verruculose. — I cannot distinguish
this from the preceding, and plants gathered in Java agree in my opinion
with the diagnoses of both.
New Guinea, Java (?).

b. HeterofitiaeliyS. 4. Bfuchyttachyue.

1. Sporophylla not vei'y heteroinorpJious. (163) S. megaphylla.

1.1. Sporopliylla conspicuously lieteromorphous.

9. Intermedial leaves liardly pi'oduced on the outer side at the base.

a. Ultimate hranchlets to 3 mm. broad including the lateral

leaves. (164) S. d'Armandvillei.

3.a. Ultimate branchlets 4 mm. oi' more broad including the

lateral leaves. (165) S. brachystachya.

».». Intermedial leaves distinctly p^'oduced on the outei' side at the base.

3'. Intermedial leaves long-cuspidate. (166) S. fimbriata.

3.3'. Intermedial leaves not long-cuspidate. (167) S. subflmbriata.

(163) S. megaphylla, me.. Fern AIL, 113.

Shoots 15 — 30 cm. long, assurgent from a decumbent base, more or
less dichotomous in the lower part, more pinnately divided upwards, the
stem sulcate down the face, the branches copiously compound. Leaves
of the lower plane contiguous except low down the stem, spreading from
an oblique base, linear-oblong, 4 — 6 mm. long, 3 — 4 times as long as
broad, obtuse, serrulate, rounded and a little imbricated over the rachis
on the upper side at the base ; leaves of the upper plane ovate-lanceolate,

103. SELAGINEI-LA. A'. MONOSTEMCAE. h*. BRACHYSTACHYAE. 193

cuspidate. Spikes short, S'A mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane
lanceolate, acuminate, rigidly erecto-patent; of the lower plane paler,
rather shorter, more ascending; macrospores reddish-white to brown, with
conical or torulose projections on the basal side; microspore^ minium-red,
with crowded' conical projections on the lower side.
Sumatra; North India.

(164) S. d'itrmandvillci, v. A. «. n.. Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 23;
1914, XVI, 50; — var. busuensis, v. A. v. R., 1914, 1. c.

Shoots ascending, 15 — 40 cm. long, linear or linear-lanceolate in
outline, pinnate, the stem stramineous when dry, subterete, to V-2 mm.
thick; pinnae suberect, I'A — 3 cm. broad, distant, the higher simple or
forked, the lower IV2 — 3 cm. long, pinnate; pinnulae with a few simple or
once or twice forked branchlets; ultimate branchlets 2 — 6 mm. long,
2 — 3 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous, very
distant on the stem, less so on the branchlets; leaves of the lower plane
horizontal or nearly so; of the stem oblong, 2 mm. long, 1 — I'A mm.
broad at the base, very blunt at the apex, the upper edge minutely den-
ticulate, rather entire towards the apex, the lower edge entire or nearly so,
the upper base much dilated and broadly rounded, the lower base cuneate;
leaves of the upper plane ovate-acuminate, IV2 mm. long, unequal-sided,
broadest on the inner side, minutely denticulate, rounded at the base;
leaves of the branchlets similar but smaller; those of the lower plane
rather blunter, less dilated at the upper base, with the upper edge entire
towards the apex; those of the upper plane incurvate-falcate, rather
keeled. Spikes oblong, 3 — 15 mm. long, 2 — 3 mm. broad; sporophylla ot
the upper plane similar to the leaves of the lower plane but less blunt,
subacute, broadly keeled, the lower spreading, to 2 mm. long, not
imbricated, the higher more ascending; those of the lower plane ascending,
ovate-acuminate, equal-sided, to 1 '2 mm. long, minutely denticulate,
keeled; macrospores whitish, densely deciduously and minutely papilloso-
verruculose; microspores orange-coloured to whitish, apparently reticulated
by the densely crowded, sharply bounded, tuberculiform projections.

Var. busuensis: Pinnae to 8 cm. long; ultimate branchlets
narrower, at best 2 mm. broad; leaves of the upper plane smaller, rather
straight; of the stem to 1 mm. long, broadly adnate and both sided
rotundate-cuneate at the base; spikes narrower, at best 2 mm. broad.
Celebes.
Fern Allies. 13

194 103. SELAGINELLA. A\ MONOSTELICAE. b*. BRACHYSTACHYAE.

(165) S. brachyfitlachya, Spring, Mon., II, 255; Bk., Fern All.,
113; Lycopodium brachystackyum, Hk. <& Grev., Bot. Misc., Add. & Covr.,
107; — var. ornata, Bk., Fern AIL, 118, p. p.; S. omata, Spring, 1. c,
259; L. ormtum, Hk. d: Grev., 1. c, 108.

Shoots reaching 30 — 45 cm. in length, copiously compound, generally
assurgent from a decumbent base, the stem unequally quadrangular,
sulcate down the face and sides, the branching midway between pinnate
and flabellate, the branchlets 4 — 5 mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
Leaves of the lower plane contiguous on the branchlets, spaced on the
stem, black-green, spreading, rhomboid-oblong, 4 — S'A mm. long, rather
straight, hardly falcate, obtuse, subentire, much dilated, broadly rounded
and much imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base,
narrowed and adnate on the lower side; leaves of the upper plane much
smaller, ovate, subentire, keeled, rounded and nearly equal-sided at the
base, aristate-cuspidate, incurvate-falcate. Spikes 6 — 12 'A mm. long, S'A
mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane ovate-oblong, blunt, keeled,
entire; those of the lower plane 'A as long, ascending, deltoid, long-
acuminate, spinuloso-denticulate, keeled; macrospores pale-yellow, iinely
verruculose to rugulose on the basal side; microspores reddish, tuber-
culato-verruculose.

Forma typica: — South India., Ceylon.

War. ornata: Leaves smaller; of the lower plane slightly falcate,,
denticulate, less broadly rounded, not niuch imbricated over the rachis
on the upper side at the base ; of the upper plane mucronate, denticulate ;
spikes longer, narrower, subquadrangular; sporophylla less dimorphous,
those of the upper plane more acute. — Java, Sumatra.

(166) S. fiiiibriata, Spring, Mon., II, 258; S. brachyptachya.
Spring, var. ornata, Bk., Fern All, 113, p. p.

Shoots erect, or ascending from a decumbent base, reaching 30 cm.
or more in length, the stem stramineous, obtusely quadrangular, convex
on the face and back, slightly grooved down the sides; pinnae erecto-
patent, pinnate; pinnulae simple or forked; ultimate branchlets 3 — 5 mm.
broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous ; leaves of the
lower plane rather spaced on the stem, more approximate to contiguous
on the branchlets, rather spreading, iirm, dark above, paler beneath; of
the main rachis the largest, elongate-oblong, 3 — 5 mm. long, to 2 mm.
broad, hardly falcate, bluntish or subacute, cordate-emarginate at the

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELICAE. h*. BRACHYSTACHYAE. 195

base, dilated, auriculated, piloso-denticulate and somewhat imbricated over
the rachis on the upper side at the base; of the branchlets '2 as long;
leaves of the upper plane much smaller, erected, parallel, straight, ovate,
long-cuspidate, minutely denticulate at the edge, keeled, cordate at the
base, distant on the main rachis, imbricated on the branchlets,
rounded to cordate at the base, the outer base distinctly produced. Spikes
12Vs — 25 mm. long, 2 — 3 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane
similar to the lateral leaves but smaller, subacute, keeled, serrulate,
somewhat ascending; of the lower plane more ascending, subparallel,
ovate, acuminate to cuspidate, serrulate, keeled; macrospores whitish or
pale-yellow, densely and minutely verruculose; microspores pale, dirty-
yellow or -orange, verruculose with capitate or tuberculiform projections. —
A plant gathered by Dr. Koorders, which is probably a form of this
species, differs in having the lateral leaves rounded or rotundate-cuneate
(not auriculate) on the upper side and somewhat dilated on the lower
side at the base, the spikes single or double, the macrospores more or
less deciduously verruculose.
Java.

(167) ». subfinibriata, r. A. ». K., Bull. Btz., 1911, I, 26; ? S.
javanica, Klotz., var. gracilior, A. Br., MS.; — var. polyura; var. Backeri,
v. A. V. R., 1. c; S. fimbriata, Spring, var. polyura, Warb., Mons., I, 127;
S. hradiystacJiya, Spring, var. polyura, Warb., MS.; — var. Koordersii,
V. A. V. R., 1. c. ; ? S. fimbriata. Spring, var. hrevifoUa, A. Br., MS. in
Herb. Berol.

Shoots erect, or ascending from a decumbent or ascending base.
Lateral leaves dilated, rotundate-cuneate, broadly rounded or subcordate
on the upper side at the base, cordate-truncate and not rarely subauriculate
on the lower side, those of the ultimate branchlets contiguous or rather
remote, more or less ascending; leaves of the upper plane acute to
acuminate. Spikes single or double, 1—4 cm. long, Vk — 2 mm. broad,
distinctly platystichous in the broadest, nearly square in the narrowest
forms. — Otherwise like S. fimbriata Spring.

Var. polyura: Differs from the type in having the branches
narrower, the ultimate branchlets at best 3 mm. broad, tTie lateral leaves
smaller, more or less approximate on the main rachis, not rarely sub-
imbricate on the branchlets, the spikes narrower, 1—1 'A ram. broad,
sometfmes forked at the apex.

196 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. MONOSTELlCAE. b*. BEACHYSTACHYAfi.

\skv, l£oordersii: Differs from the type in having the shoots
smaller, to 15 cm. long, with the stem slender, hardly 1 mm. thick, the
ultimate branchlets at best 3 mm. broad, the leaves smaller, the spikes
short, to 6 mm. long, 1 — 1V.> mm. broad.

Java.

A\ PLEIOSTELICAE.

J. Stems 3-stelical.

». Leaves spinuloso-lacerafe at the base. (168) S. lacerata.

».». Leaves not spinuloso-lacerate at tlie base.

3. At least the lower axillary leaves of the mam rachis roundish.,
i. e. pi'opmiionally very short and broad, if elongated, then
relatively very large when compared with the late)'al leaves.
J. Stems rough. _ (169) S. tylophora.

4.4. Stems not rough.

s. Lateral leaves of tlie branchlets deairrent at the base.

(170) S. finium.

&.S. Lateral leaves of the branchlets not decurrent, though

not rarely more or less broadly adnate, at the base.

e. Shoots wide-trailing. (171) S. Mayeri.

«.«. Shoots at best trailing at the base.

7. Pinnidae simple, tmder 9 mm-, broad including
the lateral leaves.
A Lateral leaves quite entire.

(172) S. axillifolia.
A A Lateral leaves not quite entire.

(173) S. stipulata.
9.9. Pinnulae more compound, or more than 9

mm-, broad including the lateral leaves.

«. Pinnae linear or linear-lanceolate, articu-
late at tJte base.

(174) S. gastrophylla.

9.8. Pinnae roundish to ovate, or not articulate
at the base.
9. Leaves not pellucid-margined.

103. SELAGINELLA. .V". PLEIOSTEfclCAE. 197

+ Loroer axillary leaves round-
ish, small.

(188) S. Willdenowii.

++ Loioer axillary leaves elongate,

large. (175) S. Hewittii.

9.9. Leaves pellucid-margined by rotes

of sclerotic cells.

n Loiver axillary leaves cordate-
rotundate or deltoid-ovate,
broadest at or near the base.
(176) S. furcillifolia.
DD Lower axillary leaves round-
ish-oblong, broadest at the
middle.

O Ultimate branchlets under
7'/2 mm. broad including
the lateral 'leaves.

(177) S. latupana.
OO Ultimate branchlets more
than VI2 mm. broad in-
cluding the lateral leaves.
(203) S. maxima.
OOO Lower axillary leaves obovate,
broadest near the apex.

(190) S. plana.
3.3. Axillary leaves elongated, not relatively very large ivlien com-
pared with the lateral leaves.

«. Pinnulae simple or forked, at best the largest subpinnafe.
b. Lateral leaves with the loicer base adnate.

(178) S. viridangula.
b.b. Lateral leaves tvith the lower base not adnate.

c. Stems rough, or velutinous and finally roughish.

d. Lateral leaves of principal rachises calcarate-

auriculate on the upper side at the base.

e. Lateral leaves of ultimate branchlets also

calcarate. (179) S. gracilis.

e.e. Lateral leaves of ultimate branchlets not

calcarate. (180) S. Nymani.

198 103. SELAGINELLA. A^. PLEIOSTELICAE.

d.d. Lateral leaves not calcarate-auriculate.

(181) S. velutina.
c.e. Stems smooth.

9 Pinmilae invariably simple.
A Spikes 1 — 2-nate.

Q Proportionally small plants.

(183) S. elliptica.
oo Proportionally large or middle-
sized plants. (182) S. Wallichii.
A A Spikes 3 — 6-nate.

(184) S. polystachya.
9 9 Pinnula^ not invariably simple.

A Lateral leaves of the stem not auri-
ciilate-cordate at the base, or if so, the
auricles not hamate-incurvate.
o Spikes to 2 mm. diam.

(192) S. Pouzoiziana.

O0 Spikes 2 mm. or more diam.

(185) S. Schildei.

A A Later'al leaves of the stem 2-auriculate-

cordate or semiauriculate-cordate at

the base, the atiricles hamate-inairvate.

O Leaves of the stem distinctly

dimorphous, the intermedial

acute, the lateral blunt or

rounded at the apex. .

(186) S. permutata.
oo Leaves of the stem isomorphous,
though the intermedial mostly
smaller than the lateral.

(187) S. Kittyae.
a.a. Largest pinnulae pinnately branched, or the central di-
chotomous.

b. Sporophylla proportionally short and broad, hardly
exceeding the sporangia.

(188) S. Willdenowii.
b.h. Sporophylla proportionally long and narrow, distinctly
exceeding the sporangia.

103. SBLAamELi.A. A^ i'leiostelicae. 199

c. Intermedial leaves bounded by a pale or pellucid
margin consisting of sclerotic cells.
A Lateral leaves auricled on the upper side at
the base, the auricle spur-like, spreading or
inflexed. (190) S. plana,

A A Lateral leaves not or hardly auricled on the
upper side at the base, and if so, the
auricle not spur-like, plicate.
0 Largest lateral leaves rounded or
rotundate-cuneate on the lower side at
the base. (191) S. fulvicaulis.

QO Largest lateral leaves rotundate-truncate
to distinctly cordate on the loicer side
at the base.

X Upper base of lateral leaves not
auriculate. (192) S. Pouzolziana.
XX Upper base of lateral leaves more
or less plicate-auriculate.
+ Slightly plicate.

(204) S. d'Urvillei.
+4- Conspicuously plicate.

(193) S. plicata.

C.C. Intermedial leaves not pale- or pellucid-margined.

d. Intermedial leaves of ultimate branchlets

rotundate-cuneate to cordate on the outer

side at the base. Shoots springing from a

scandent, 5 — 8-stelical main stem.

(194) S. muricata.
d.d. Intermedial leaves of ultimate branchlets
cuneate and decurrent on the outer side at
the base, or the main stem 8-stelical.
e. Macrospores rugose, rugulose or reticu-
late. (195) S. Schlechteri.
e.e. Macrospores smooth, prickly or verrucose-
tuberculate.

f. Largest lateral leaves more or less
plicate or auriculate on tfie upper
side at the base.

200 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. PLEIOSTELICAE.

g. Lateral leaves of the branchlets
broadly adnate on the loiver
side at the base.

(196) S. Hindsii.
g.g. Lateral leaves of the branchlets
not broadly adnate on the lower
side at the base.

(189) S. Engleri.

f.f. Largest lateral leaves neither plicate

nor auriculate on the upper side

at the base. (197) S. inaequifolia.

1.1. Stems 4 — 9-stelical.

9'. Lateral leaves of the branchlets nearly entirely adnate on the lower
side at the base. (198) S. Lobbii.

Z.Z. Lateral leaves of the branchlets at best partly adnate on the Unver
side at the base.

3'. Pinnulae simple or forked, ultimate branchlets under 9 mm.
broad including the lateral leaves.
0 Branchlets to SVj mm. broad.

(199) S. Gaudichaudiana.
00 Branchlets 4 mm. or more broad. (200) S. bidiensis.
3.3'. Lmcer pinnulae pinnately branched, or the ultimate branch-
lets more than 9 mm: broad including the lateral leaves.
1'. Intermedial leaves not pellucid-margined.

V Lateral leaves of branchlets cuneate-truncate on
the loioer side at the base. (194) S. muricata.
VV Lateral leaves of branchlets not cuneate-truncate
on the lower side at the base.

(201) S. denuana.
l'.S!. Intermedial learns pellucid-margined by rotos of
sclerotic cells.

S. Lateral leaves revoluto-auriculate on the upper
side at the base. (202) S. padangensis.

S'.S'. Lateral leaves not revoluto-auriculate on the upper
side at the base.

e. Ultimate branchlets more than 7 'A mm.

broad. (203) S. maxima.

^.«. Ultimate branchlets under 7Vj mm. broad.

103. SELAtlINEIJ.A.- A-. PI.EIOSTELICAE. 201

y. Lower axillary leaves roumlish, not
nfucli longer Hum broad.

(176) S. furcillifolia.
f'.T. Acillary leaves oblong, cons/ncuoiisly
longer than broad.

(204) S. d'Urvillei.

(168) ». laccrata. Warh., Mons., I, 120.

Shoots erect, 40 cm. long, the lower part simple, 2 mm. thick,
3-stelical, sulcate, yellowish when dry, the upper (larger) part branched,
ovate in outline; pinnae 7 on a side, lanceolate, copiously simply pinnate,
caudiculate; ultimate branchlets IV2 — 2 cm. long, 4 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stipe adpressed, broadly lanceolate, 3
mm. long, subtruncate or auricled on 1 side at the base; leaves of the
branched portion heteromorphous; lateral leaves spreading, remote on the
main rachis, close on the branches; of the secondary rachises broadly
lanceolate, 4 mm. long, very oblique, acute, the base subcordate, appen-
diculate-lacerate, the appendages subulate, intricate; intermedial leaves
V2 as long, erect, adpressed, falcate, acuminate, somewhat keeled; of the
secondary rachises peltate, sometimes lacerate at the base; leaves of the
ultimate branchlets similar to those of the principal rachises but smaller,
not or hardly lacerate at the base, the lateral subfalcate-oblong, 3 mm.
long, suboblique, hardly acute, subauriculate at the narrowed upper base,
truncate at the lower base, the intermedial very oblique, lanceolate,
shortly cuspidate, not keeled. Spikes yellow, 4^ — 5 mm. long, Vli mm.
diam.; sporophylla broadly lanceolate, hardly 1 mm. long, acutely acuminate,
entire; macrospores white, pale-yellow or pale-brown, densely verruculose;
microspores white, provided with free or connected, crowded, short-
cylindrical or shortly stipitate-capitate projections on the basal side.

Philippines.

(169) S. iyloiilKM'U, r. A. ». St., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 50.
Shoots erect from a creeping or ascending base, 15 — 20 cm. long,

branched down to the base, or the lower part simple or provided with a
few reduced pinnae, the stem brownish-grey or ochraceous when dry,
3-stelical, asperous with crowded minute warts, the upper part pinnate,

202 103. SELAGINELLA. A^ PLEIOSTELICAE.

the main rachis asperulous, with the axillary leaves proportionally large,
linear-oblong, subacute, rather 2-auriculate-cordate at the base; pinnae
ascending, lanceolate, 5—6 cm. long, TA— 2V2 cm. broad; pinnulae crowded,
simple or forked, or the largest pinnate; ultimate branchlets to IV2 cm.
long, 2— »3 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stem
remote, erect, partly ovate-lanceolate, partly deltoid-oblong, acute, entire,
the base cordate or semicordate, the auricles whether or not produced,
not rarely hamato-incurvate ; leaves of the branches very heteromorphous,
firm; lateral leaves crowded, ascending or hardly spreading, often imbricate;
of the secondary rachises lanceolate-oblong, subacute, or blunt at the very
point, entire, pellucid-margined on the upper side, the upper base rotundate-
cordate, the lower base more or less auriculate-cordate or inciso-cordate,
the largest leaves 2' 2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad; of the ultimate branchlets
shorter, sparingly and minutely denticulate on the upper side, the lower
base more abruptly truncate-cordate, the largest leaves IV2 mm. long and

1 mm. broad; intermedial leaves erect or suberect; of the secondary
rachises remote, triangular-oblong, subfalcate, bluntish or bluntly short-
acuminate, entire or nearly so, the base obliquely rotundate-cordate or
truncate-cordate to auriculate-cordate, pellucid-margined, the largest leaves

2 mm. long; of the branchlets smaller, imbricate, rather obovate-oblanceolate,
subfalcate-incurvate, the base broadly obliquely adnate, cuneate on the
inner side, produced and narrowly rotundate-cordate on the outer side.
Spikes 1 mm. diam. ; sporophylla deltoid-ovate, subacute or bluntish, entire
or very sparingly minutely denticulate, pellucid-margined; spores

Sumatra.

(170) S. flnium, r. A. *>. JR., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 52.

Shoots sarmentose, 50 cm. more or less long, branched down nearly ,
or quite to the base, the stem stramineous, IV2 — 2 mm. thick, 3-stelical,
obtusely angular; pinnae ascending, elongate-ovate, to 20 cm. long;
pinnulae simple, forked or pinnate; ultimate branchlets 2—8 cm. long,
6 — 8 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous;
axillary leaves of the main stem broadly truncate-subcordate, rather
broader than long; lateral leaves more or less remote; of the stem
deflexed, subpetiolulate, oblong, the largest 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad,
blunt, entire, broadly rotundate-cordate at the upper base, narrowly
truncate-cuneate at the lower base; of the secondary rachises similar but
horizontal and proportionally narrower; of the ultimate branchlets spreading,

103. SELAGINELLA. A*. PLEIOSTELICAE. 203

subfalcate, the largest 4 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, bluntish or subacute,
entire, the upper base rotundate-cuneate, the lower base broadly adnate,
decurrent; intermedial leaves erect; of the stem remote, narrowly lan-
ceolate, the largest 5 mm. long, long-cuspidate-acuminate, entire, the base
truncate-rotundate, not produced on the outer side; of the branchlets
nearly similar but smaller, imbricate, the base obliquely cuneate, produced
and decurrent on the outer side. Spikes 2—3 mm. diam.; sporophylla
ovate, acuminate, entire, keeled, at length spreading, the largest to 2 mm.
long; macrospores whitish or pale-yellow-brown, densely verrucose; micro-
spores yellowish-white, provided with reticulated, broad, wing-like crests.
Borneo.

(171) S. Mayeri, Utet-on., in Engl & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., T, 700.
Shoots wide-trailing, pinnately decompound from the base, the stem

3-stelical, subterete or somewhat flattened on the dorsal and ventral
sides, laterally grooved, the main rachis 8 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves, with the lower axillary leaves nearly orbicular, broadest at the
middle; branchlets few (1—4 on a side), mostly simple, 5 mm. broad.
Leaves heteromorphous, entire; lateral leaves spreading; of the main
rachis remote, obliquely short-oblong, blunt, pellucid-margined, the upper
base rounded or rotundate-cuneate, the lower base cordate-truncate, the
largest leaves 4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad; of the ultimate branchlets sub-
approximate, elongate-oblong, bluntly short-acuminate, the lower base
truncate-cuneate, the largest leaves 2V2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad; inter-
medial leaves erect; of the main rachis subfalcate-oblong, remote, nearly
bluntly short-acuminate, pellucid-margined, the inner base narrowly
rotundate-cordate, the outer base much produced with a broad, rounded^,
hamate-incurvate auricle; of the branchlets imbricate, subfalcate-obovatey
the acumen proportionally longer, the base very obliquely adnate, narrowly
cuneate on the inner side, rotundate-cordate and much produced on the
outer side. Spikes 2 mm. diam ; sporophylla triangular-ovate, acute,
entire, pellucid-margined; macrospores yellowish-white, foveolate-reticulate
on the basal side; microspores provided with reticulated wing-like crests.
Singapore.

(172) S. axillitblia, r. A. r. K., Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 37; — var.
retroflexa, v. A. v. R., 1. c, 38.

Shoots ascending or erect, pinnate down to the base or simple in

204 103. SELAGINELLA. A^ PI.EIOSTELICAE.

the lower part, 20 — 30 cm. long, the stem 3-stelical, irregularly angular
and grooved when dry, provided with large, subcordate-oblong axillary
leaves; pinnae elongate-lanceolate, to 15 cm. long, to 3 cm. broad,
acuminate, spreading, the higher often ascending, the lower sometimes
deflexed; pinnulae simple, erecto-patent, contiguous or approximate, the
largest 2 — 3 cm. long, 5—7 mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
L.eaves heteromorphous; leaves of the lower plane spaced on the stem,
crowded on the branchlets; of the stem horizontal, subpetiolate, oblong,
unequal-sided, 4 — 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, acute, entire, broadest on
the upper side, rotundate-cuneate on the upper base, rotundate-truncate
on the lower base; of the branchlets spreading, less unequal-sided, to 3 — 4
mm. long and IV2 — 2 mm. broad, minutely apiculate-acuminate, more
suddenly cuneate on the lower base, narrowly pellucid-margined on the
upper side; leaves of the upper plane erect; of the stem remote, falcate-
ovate, acute or acuminate, to 3 mm. long, entire, cuneate or rotundate-
cuneate on the inner base, cuneate or rounded to cordate on the outer base ;
of the branchlets smaller, imbricate, cuspidate-acuminate, the cusp V2 as
long as the blade, both sides more or less narrowly pellucid-margined.
Spikes solitary, square, to 4 cm. long, Vh—3 mm. diam.; sporophylla
isomorphous, lax, suberect, at length often spreading, triangular-oblong,
acute or acuminate, entire, keeled, narrowly pellucid-margined, to 2 mm.
long; macrospores yellow-brown, partly verrucose, partly rugose, the
projections free or connected; microspores whitish or yellowish, provided
with thick, crowded, tuberculate or shortly stipitate-capitate projections
on the basal side.

War. retpoflexa: Leaves of the lower part of the stem retro-
flexed; leaves of the rachis more crowded, spreading or retroflexed; inter-
medial leaves of the pinnulae with the cusp longer, not rarely as long
as the blade; macrospores yellowish, finely verruculose.

Borneo.

(173) S. Stipulate, Spring, Mon., II, 144; S. Wallichii, Spring,
Bk., Fern All., 90, p. p.; Lycopodium sHpulatiim, Bl., Enum., 268.

Shoots erect from a creeping base, 30 cm. or more long, the stem
quadrangular, 3-stelical, stramineous when dry, with the axillary leaves
proportionally large, obovate-oblong, acute, cuneate at the base ; pinnae
erecto-patent; pinnulae simple, parallel, 3 — 5 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves, narrowed gradually towards the apex. Leaves hetero-

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. PLEIOSTELIOAE. 205

morphous; lateral leaves horizontal or deflexed on the stem, ascending
on the branchlets; of the stem oblong, subacute, obliquely rotundate-
ti-uncato at the base, the upper edge minutely denticulate towards the
apex and the base; of the branches slightly unequal-sided, subfalcate-
oblong, to 3 mm. long and V2 as broad, broadest on the upper side,
obscurely denticulate towards the mucronulate-acuminate apex, the upper
side minutely denticulate at least at the rotundate-cuneate base, the
lower side entire, narrowly cuneate or truncate-cuneate at the base;
intermedial leaves 'A — Vs as long; of the stem obovate-oblong, acuminate,
entire, obliquely 2-auriculate-cordate at the base ; of the branchlets cuneate
at the inner base, rotundate-adnate or decurrent at the outer base, aristate-
acuminate, with the arista V2 as long as the blade. Spikes 8 — 15 mm.
long; sporophylla ovate-lanceolate, denticulate.
Java,

(174) S. gaistropliylla, ir«r6., Mons., I, 121, tab. IV B.

Shoots erect from a creeping base, 30 — 45 cm. long, the lower part
simple, 3 — 4 mm. thick, 3-stelical, stramineous, irregularly grooved when
dry, the upper part branched; lowest branches to 30 cm. long, elongate-
lanceolate, 3-pinnate, articulated at the base, provided with short and
broad, nearly rounded or broadly cordate axillary leaves hardly longer
than broad; ultimate branchlets 8 — 12 mm. long, 3 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stem and secondary rachises spreading
or erecto-patent, subfalcate, 4 — 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, hardly acute,
hardly cordate at the base; leaves of the branches smaller; leaves of the
lower plane subspreading; of the secondary rachises oblong, to 3 mm. long,
1 V2 mm. broad, subfalcate, hardly acute, entire, lax, bright-green, the lower
side truncate at the base, the upper side truncate, auriculate at the
base, the auricle pUcate; of the branchlets close, to 2 mm. long, less truncate
and plicate at the base; leaves of the upper plane erect; of the secondary
rachises broadly lanceolate, hardly 2 mm. long, falcate, slightly acuminate,
pellucid-margined, with a distinct midrib, obliquely narrowly truncate at
the base; of the branchlets obliquely adnate at the base, the outer base
subdecurrent. Spikes square, 15 — 20 mm. long, acuminate; sporophylla
acuminate, entire, keeled, the higher growing gradually shorter; macro-
spores yellowish-white, finely vorruculose on the basal side; microspores
provided with conical projections.

Mindanao, Sanggir Islands,

206 103. SELAGINELI.A. A^. PLEIOSTELICAE.

(175) S. Ilewktii. Hiefon., Hedwi., LI, 262.

Shoots branched in the upper part, the main rachis 4 mm. thick,
smooth, stramineous, subquadrangular, sulcate when dry, 3-stelical, sparingly
fbliate; axillary leaves elongate-oblong, broadly cordate at the base; pinnae
3-pinnate in the lower part, not articulate at the base, ovate, 5 cm. long,
3V2 cm. broad, the rachis hardly more than 4 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets 1 — 3 on a side, 2 — 3 mm. broad.
Leaves glaucous-green, entire; lateral leaves bluntish; those of the main
rachis spreading, remote, oblique-oval, broadly rounded on the upper side
and subtruncate-rotundate on the lower side at the base, with the midrib
thickened towards the apex, the largest leaves 4V2 mm. long and 2' 2 mm.
broad; those of the ultimate branchlets close, subfalcate-lanceolate-ovate,
cuneate on the upper side and truncate-rotundate on the lower side at
the base, the largest 2 'A mm. long and 'A mm. broad; intermedial leaves
bluntish on the main rachis, acuminate on the ultimate branchlets;
of the main rachis unequal-sided, oblique-oblong, obliquely truncate-
rotundate at the base, with the midrib gradually thickened towards the
apex, the largest leaves 5 mm. long, Vk — IV4 mm. broad; of the ultimate
branchlets nearly equal-sided, falcate-ovate, pellucid-dotted, cuneate at the
inner base, decurrent and rotundate-cuneate on the outer base, the
largest 1 mm. long and 'A mm. broad. Spikes 3 — 6 mm. long, 1 — I'A
mm. diam., solitary; sporophylla ovate, shortly acuminate, entire, shghtly
keeled, the largest hardly more than 1 mm. long and V* mm. broad;
macrospores whitish or yellowish, densely and coarsely verrucose on the
basal side; microspores yellowish, verrucose on the basal side. — Plants
to 120 cm. high, probably divaricating-scandent.

Borneo.

(176) H. furcillifolia, Mtet-ott., Hedwi., L, 31; — var. tumidi-
folia, Hieron. & v. A. v. R., Bull. Btz., 1913, XI, 37.

Shoots ascending or erect, the upper part pinnate, ovate or obovate
in outline, the stem to 5 mm. thick, 3-steUcal, moderately sparingly
foliate, fulvo-ochraceous or subferrugineous, subolivaceous when young,
provided with large, roundish or broadly subcordate axillary leaves;
pinnae pinnate, ovate or lanceolate-ovate, to 20 cm. long, to 10 cm.
broad, not articulate at the base; pinnulae pinnate, the higher once
or repeatedly forked, the highest simple; tertiary branches simple or
sometimes forked; ultimate branchlets 5 mm. broad including the lateral

103. SELAGINELLA. As. PLEIOSTELICAE. 207

leaves. Leaves of the lower plane oblique, subfalcate-oblong, subacute,
entire, unequal-sided; of the branchlets rather close, ascending, the upper
base cuneate, auriculate, the auricle revolute, the lower base produced,
with a rounded corner, the margine entire, pellucid, the largest leaves
3V4 mm. long, Vk mm. broad; of the stem distant, horizontal, to 7 mm.
long, cordate and auricled on both sides at the base, with the upper
auricle the largest; leaves of the upper plane entire, erect; of the branch-
lets imbricate, falcate-ovate, subinequilateral, acuminate, pellucid-margined,
pellucid-dotted, decurrent at the outer base, cuneate at the inner base;
of the stem distant, oblong, 5. 'A mm. long, 2 'A mm. broad, acute, truncate-
cordate at the base. Spikes 5 — 35 ram. long, rather square, I'A — 2 mm.
diam.; sporophylla subisomorphous, equal-sided, ovate, shortly acuminate,
entire, pellucid-margined, keeled, the ventral ones somewhat larger than
the dorsal, and paler, the largest IV2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad; macrospores
fulvous, whitish when dry, verruculose on the basal side; microspores
yellow, provided with stipitate-capitate projections on the basal side. —
Specimens occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium and probably belonging
to this species differ from Hieronymus' diagnosis in having the shoots
partly independent (young forms?), partly springing from a divaricating-
scandent main stem (adult forms?), with the stems 3 — 5-stelical, if 3-
stelical, then commonly with a tendency to become 4-stelical, with the
lateral leaves spreading and very remote on the main stem, remote on
the principal rachises, subascending and approximate or contiguous on
the branchlets, not positively auricled but conspicuously plicate on the
upper side at the base and therefore apparently revolute-auriculate, the
macrospores densely rotundate-verruculose, the microspores white, yellowish
or pale-orange, provided with densely crowded projections which are
either narrowly subcylindrical or coarsely verruciform, whether or not
thickened (clavate or capitate) at the tip.

Forma typica. — Borneo, Snmbawa (?).

War. Iiiinidifolia: Axillary leaves attached by a basal tume-
faction, the lowest relatively small, obliquely broadly deltoid-ovate,
unequal-sided at the base, the following growing gradually larger and
more lanceolate-ovate, the higher growing gradually smaller. — Amboina.

(177) S. Ia<upana, e. A. r. R., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 54.
Shoots probably large, pinnately compound, the stem 3-stelical,
straminjeous, smooth, the main rachis subterete, when dry slightly 2-

208 103. SELAGINELLA. A^ PLEIOSTELICAfi.

sulcata, with the lower axillary leaves rather small, roundish, broadest
at the middle, subpetiolulate, bluntly short-acuminate, entire; pinnae sub-
orect, lanceolate, to 18 cm. long and 5 cm. broad; pinnulae suberect,
close, the largest to 6 cm. long, forked or sparingly pinnate, the terminal
ones often caudate-elongate; ultimate branchlets 1—3 on a side, IVa — 2
era. long or the terminal ones caudate-elongate, 3 — 5 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous, entire; lateral leaves various
in size; of the main rachis small, remote, erecto-patent, obliquely subovate-
lanceolate, bluntly short-acuminate; of the secondary rachises sub-
approximate, the lower subhorizontal, ovate-oblong, subfalcate, acuminate,
obliquely cordate-truncate at the base, the upper side plicate at the base,
often broadly rotundate-cuneate in the lower half, the largest leaves 4
mm. long, 'A as broad; of the ultimate branchlets close or somewhat
imbricate, the upper side narrowly pellucid-margined, rotundate-cuneate
in the lower half, the largest leaves 3 mm. long, Va as broad; intermedial
leaves erect; of the main rachis remote, triangular-ovate, acute; of the
secondary rachises obliquely oblong, shortly raucronulate-acuminate, the
base obliquely adnate, the inner side slightly rounded, the outer side
rounded, rather cuneate at the base, the largest leaves 2 mm. long; of
the branchlets very small, distinctly pellucid-margined. Spikes solitary,
to 2 cm. long, IV2 mm. diam.; sporophylla broadly triangular-ovate,
slightly acuminate, entire, pellucid-margined, keeled, at length subhori-
zontal, the largest IV2 mm. long; macrospores yellowish-white, densely
finely verruculose; microspores yellowish-white, densely irregularly ver-
rucose, the projections free, or connected and crest-like.
Celebes.

(178) !i. viridangula, Spring, Bk., Fern All., 92.

Shoots suberect, sarmentose, 90 — 120 cm. long, the stem 3-stelical;
pinnae deltoid, reaching 30 cm. in length, erecto-patent; pinnulae to 10 on
a side, the lower dichotomous or pinnately compound, the others forked;
ultimate branchlets usually I'A — 2V2 cm. long, 5 — 8 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves. Lateral leaves lanceolate-falcate, acute, entire, moderately
firm in texture, the upper base rounded or rotundate-cuneate, the lower
base broadly adnate, with a short, rounded, free angle; of the secondary
rachises much spaced, 6 mm. long; of the ultimate branchlets contiguous
or nearly so, 3 — 5V< mm. long; intermedial leaves very small, oblong,
with a distinct cusp, obhquely adnate at the base. Spikes 1—4—8 cm.

103. SELAGINELLA. As. PLEIOSTELIOAt). 209

long, 2V2 — 4 mm. diam.; sporophylla ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire,
keeled; macrospores brownish, often white-glaucous, with verruciform or
rugulose-elongated projections on the basal side; microspores brownish,
provided with reticulated wing-like crests.
Neio Guinea; Samoa, Fiji.

(179) S. gracilis, Moowe, Gard. Chron., I, 752; Bk., Fern All.,
90; S. aspericaulis, Warb., Mons., I, 121; (not A. Br.), Hieron., in Engl. &
Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., T, 702; S. d'Urvillei, A. Br., var. aspericauUs,Kuhn,
Forschr. Gaz., IV, Fame, 18; S. hypacantha, A. Br., MS. in Herb. Berol.

Shoots erect, or ascending from a creeping base, 30 — 60 cm. more or
less long, the lower part simple, 2V2 — 4 mm. thick at the base, 3-stelical,
the upper part pinnate, the stem pale-grey-brown, rough with more or
less deciduous, minute, papiUiform warts; pinnae moderately close,
ascending, lanceolate, to 20 cm. long, 3 — 4 cm. broad near the base;
pinnulae erecto-patent, close, simple or forked, 3 — 5 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves. Leaves of the stipe erect, remote, subulate- or
lanceolate-triangular, entire, equally or obliquely cordate at the base, the
auricles incurved; leaves of the branches heteromorphous ; axillary leaves
conspicuously hastate at the base; leaves of the lower plane subspreading
or more ascending; of the secondary rachises close or remote, triangular-
or subrhomboidal-oblong, subfalcate, rather acute, entire, the upper side
somewhat pellucid-margined, rotundate-cuneate in the lower part, the
very base provided with a small, spreading or ascending, not rarely
adpressed, spur-like auricle, the lower side somewhat produced and truncate-
subauriculate at the base, the largest leaves 8 — 4 mm. long, and IV2 — 2
mm. broad at the base; of the branchlets contiguous or subimbricate,
similar but somewhat smaller, more falcate, with the basal auricle still
smaller, or wanting in the higher leaves; leaves of the upper plane erect;
of the secondary rachises remote, lanceolate, pellucid-margined, acute or
bluntish, entire, very obliquely attached, more or less cordate and hamato-
incurvate on the outer side at the base, the largest leaves 2 — 3 mm.
long; of the branchlets similar but smaller, close or imbricate, more
lanceolate-oblong. Spikes square, V/i mm. diam. ; sporophylla deltoid-ovate,
r/2 mm. long, acute, entire; macrospores whitish, nearly smooth or more
or less minutely verruculose; microspores whitish or yellowish, minutely
verruculose on the basal side.

New Guinea; Bismarck Islands, Polynesia.
Fern Allies. 14

210 103. SELAaiNELLA. A^ PLEIOSTELIOAE.

(180) S. Hymaui, Mieron., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 39.

Shoots erect from a creeping base, 50 — 100 cm. long, the stem finely
asperulo-verruculose, the lower part simple, subcompresso-terete, when
dry irregularly grooved, yellowish or stramineous, 3-stelical, sparingly
foliate, the upper part branched, ovate, to 40 cm. long and 30 cm. broad;
pinnae 5—7 on a side, elongate, to 25 cm. or more long, copiously pinnate;
pinnulae ascending, contiguous or nearly so, simple or the lower rarely
forked; ultimate branchlets 8 — 5 mm. broad including the lateral leaves.
Leaves entire ; leaves of the stipe remote, isomorphous, sublanceolate-deltoid,
acute, straight or subfalcate, to 4Vs mm. long by lV-2 ram. broad, the
base adnate, narrowly 2-auriculate-cordate, the auricles hamate-incurvate,
or the inner base deflexo-calcarate and the outer base more bluntly
rotundate-auriculate ; leaves of the branches heteromorphous ; axillary leaves
2-auriculate (hardly hastate) at the base; lateral leaves horizontal or sub-
horizontal on the secondary rachises, ascending on the branchlets; of the
principal rachises subremote, obliquely deltoid-lanceolate, subfalcate, unequal-
sided, acuminate or acute, the upper side pellucid-margined, rotundate-
cuneate in the lower part, provided with a exceedingly minute, erected,
acute spur-shaped auricle at the very base, the lower side truncate and
dilated at the base, the largest leaves 4 mm. long by 2 mm. broad ; of the
branchlets smaller, ascending, contiguous, without a spur-like auricle, more
falcate, the largest leaves 3V3 ram. long; intermedial leaves erect; of the
principal rachises sublanceolate-deltoid, falcate or straight, acuminate, sub-
pellucid-margined, the base very obliquely attached, cuneate on the inner side,
much produced and rotundate-adnate on the outer side, the largest leaves
2Vj mm. long by % mra. broad; of the branchlets smaller. Spikes square,
IVj — eVa cm. long, to 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla isomorphous, deltoid-ovate,
acuminate, entire, somewhat keeled, to 2V2 ram. long; microspores whitish
or stramineous-white, densely verruculose on the basal side; macro-
spores

New Guinea. .

(181) S. velutina, Ces., Fel. Becc. Polin., 9; »S. motiensis, Hieron.,
in Engl. & Prantl, Nat, Pfl. Fam., T, 702; S. aspericaulis, A. Br., MS. in
Herb. Berol.

Shoots erect, 60 — 90 era. long, the stera 3-stelical, thinly velutinous, the
hairs deciduous, leaving the stera rough by their persistent bases; secondary
rachises to 6 ram. broad including the lateral leaves, branched; branchlets

103. SELAGINELLA. A2. PLEIOSTELICAE. 211

6 — 7 mm. broad. Leaves of the stem erect, adpressed, lanceolate-
oblong, bluntish; leaves of the branches dark-green; of the lower plane
lanceolate-oblong, subfalcate, pale-margined on the upper side, entire,
oblique at the base, upper base rounded, lower nearly auricled; of the
upper plane adpressed, lanceolate, subacute, pellucid-dotted, pale-margined,
auricled on the outer side at the base. Spikes VU — 2 'A cm. long, acute,
square; sporophylla spreading, triangular-ovate, entire, albo-marginate,
bluntly acuminate.

Neic Guinea, Moti Island.

(182) S. Ifallichii, Spring, Mon., II, 143; Bk., Fern AIL, 90;
S. Wallichii, Spring, var. elegans & var. serieea, Warb., Mens., I, 106;
Lycopodium Wallichii, Hk. & Grev., Enum. Fil., No. 106; — var. megalura;
S. Wallichii, Spring, var. typica & var. macroura, Warb., 1. c. ; S. megalura,
Hieron., in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., P, 702; — var. Walkeri, v. A. v. R.,
Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 51.

Shoots suberect, 45—90 cm. long, the lower part simple, the stem
3-stelical, the upper part pinnate; pinnae lanceolate, 10 — 30 cm. long, the
invariably simple pinnulae crowded, erecto-patent, 1 — 6 cm. long, 3 — 6
mm. broad including the lateral leaves, the terminal ones sometimes much
elongated. Leaves of the stem very remote, more or less isomorphous;
leaves of the branches heteromorphous ; leaves of the lower plane spreading;
of the main rachis remote; of the branchlets crowded, lanceolate-oblong,
VU — S'A mm. long, to 2 mm. broad, subfalcate, spreading, obscurely
petiolulate, dark above, pale-glittering beneath, entire, the lower side
truncate or slightly cordate at the base, the upper side rotundate-cuneate
to slightly cordate; leaves of the upper plane '/« — V* as. long, falcate-oblong,
mucronate-acuminate, obliquely cordate to rotundate-cuneate at the base,
imbricate. Spikes square, terminal, 1 or rarely 2 on a pinnulae, to 6 cm.
long, 2 — 2V2 mm. diara.; sporophylla ovate, mucronate-acuminate, entire,
keeled. •

Forma typica: Pinnulae 1 — 3 cm. long; spikes to 1 cm. long; macro-
spores yellowish-white, verruculose; microspores finely foveolate on the
basal side, provided with an equatorial ring consisting of tuberculiform
projections. — Malacca; Br. India, Assam.

War. uiegalura: Pinnulae 1 — 3 cm. long; spikes 1 — 2 cm.
long; macrospores brown, slightly white-glaucous, rugulose to reticulate;
microspbres finely verruculose, nearly smooth. — Borneo; Assam.

212 103. SELAGINELLA. Al PLEIOSTELICAE.

Vap. IWalkeri: Pinnulae 3 — 6 cm. long; spikes 3 — 6 cm. long;
macrospores whitish, densely verruculose; microspores orange, provided
with crowded, sessile or short-stalked capitate projections on the basal
side. — Singapore.

(183) S. elliptica, «. A. r. n.. Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 51.

Near S. Wallichii Spring but: Shoots to 20 cm. long; pinnae 5 — VVs
cm. long, IV2 cm. broad; pinnulae 1 — I'A cm. long, 3^4 mm. broad
including the lateral leaves. Lateral leaves more or less unequal-sided,
elliptical-oblong, nearly straight, acute or shortly mucronulate-acuminate ;
of the main rachis remote, horizontal, rounded at the upper base, slightly
cordate at the lower base, 2 mm. long, to IV4 mm. broad; of the pinnulae
ascending, contiguous or somewhat remote, acuminate, rather cuneate at
the base, to 2 mm. long, to nearly 1 mm. broad, very narrowly pellucid-
margined; intermedial leaves erect; of the main rachis remote, oblong,
acuminate, cordate at the base, 2 mm. long; of the pinnulae smaller,
imbricate, falcate-oblong, long-cuspidate-acuminate, obliquely cuneate at
the base, very narrowly pellucid-margined. Spikes IV2 mm. diam.; sporo-
phylla subulate-ovate; macrospores whitish or yellowish, densely ver-
ruculose; microspores whitish or pale-orange, provided with crowded,
short, subconical, clavate or stipitate-capitate projections.

Sumatra.

(184) S. polystachya, Mieron., in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam.,
I*, 702; S. Wallichii, Spring, var. polystachya, Warb., Mens., I, 106.

Near S. Wallichii Spring, but the pinnulae broader, to nearly 10 mm.
broad; spikes terminal, 3 — 5 or rarely 2 on a pinnula; macrospores
yellowish-white, provided with conical projections of which those placed
in the equatorial line are the largest; microspores capitate-verruculose.

Sumatra.

(185) H. Sichiltlei, JVt'eroM., in litt.

The description of this species has not yet been received by me.
Sumatra (?).

(186) S. pcrmillata, Miertm., Hedwi., L, 24; S. Lobbii, Bk., (not
Moore), Joum. of Bot., XVIII, 217.

Shoots erect from a short-creeping base, 25 — 35 cm. long, branched

103. SELAGINELLA. A». PLEIOSTELICAE. 213

down quite to the base or the lower part simple or provided with reduced
branches, the stem 8-stelical, -stramineous, grooved down the face or sides
when dry, 2 — 3 mm. thick, the upper part pinnate or forked and pinnate ;
pinnae lanceolate in outline, 10 — lYVz cm. long, to 4 cm. broad; pinnulae
approximate or crowded, erecto-patent, simple or once to twice forked;
branchlets 4 — 6 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves hetero-
morphous, thin; leaves of the stem erect or erecto-patent; of the lower
plane often straight, equal-sided, linear-oblong, blunt or rounded at the apex,
entire, more or less narrowly pellucid-margined, unequally 2-auriculate-
cordate at the base with the auricles hamate-incurvate, the largest leaves
5 — 6 mm. long and 2 mm. broad ; of the upper plane subparallel, elongate-
triangular or lanceolate-oblong, straight or subfalcate, acute or sub-
acuminate, entire, pellucid-margined, 2-auriculate-cordate at the base with
the auricles hamate-incurvate, the largest leaves 4 — 5 mm. long and
VU — 2 mm. broad; leaves of the branches very heteromorphous ; leaves
of the lower plane somewhat remote and subhorizontal on the secondary
rachises, crowded and suberecto-patent on the branchlets ; of the secondary
rachises subfalcate-oblong, unequal-sided, blunt, entire, distinctly pellucid-
margined on the upper side, narrowly so on the lower side, the upper base
broadly rounded and auriculate-cordate, the lower base narrowly auriculate-
cordate, the largest leaves 4'-2 mm. long and 2V2 mm. broad; of the
branchlets similar but smaller, nearly equal-sided, not auriculate at the
base, the upper base rounded or rotundate-cuneate, the lower base truncate-
subcordate, the largest leaves S'A mm. long and I'A mm. broad; leaves
of the upper plane erect; of the secondary rachises lanceolate-oblong,
subfalcate, the lowest nearly similar to those of the main rachis but
smaller, 3 mm. long, pellucid-margined, with the basal auricles hardly
hamate-incurvate, the higher still smaller, more acuminate, rotundate-
cuneate and whether or not minutely cordate at the base; of the branch-
lets similar to the higher ones of the secondary rachises, rather long-
acuminate.- Spikes solitary, square, I—V/2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla
elongate-ovate, acuminate, entire, narrowly pellucid-margined, slightly
keeled, the largest I'A mm. long; macrospores white, or black and
white-pruinose, densely and more or less deciduously verruculose; micro-
spores whitish or pale-orange, provided with crowded, more or less
irregular, free or connected, verruciform or shortly clavate projections on
the basal side.
Sumatra.

214 103. SELAGINELLA. A'. PLEIOSTELICAE.

(187) S. Kitfyae, *>. a. ». jr., Bull. Btz., 1912, VII, 35; S. per-
mutata, Hieron., forma viridifolia, v. A. v. R., 1. c, 1911, I, 27; — var.
aeneifolia, v. A. v. R., 1. c, 36.

Differs from S. permutata Hieron. by the following characters:
Shoots 85 — 55 cm. long, the stem dirty-red, when dry pale-brownish-red;
leaves of the stem hardly dimorphous, similar to those of the upper plane
of the stem in S. permutata; of the lower plane 4 — 5 mm. long; of the
upper plane 3 mm. long; leaves of the upper plane of the branchlets
Shortly acuminate; sporophylla relatively shorter and broader, more
sharply acuminate, 'A — 1 mm. long; macrospores whitish to black-brown,
rather densely verruculose to rugulose-verruculose.

Forma typica: Leaves bright-green above, pale-green beneath;
spikes green.

War. aeneifolia: Leaves bronce-green above, olivaceous beneath ;
spikes bronce-green. ,

Sumatra.

(188) S. IWilidenoivii, -Bfc., Fern All., 93; S. laevigata, Spring,
Mon., II, 137 ; Lycopodium Willdenowii, Desv., Hk. & Grev., Ic. Fil.,
tab. LVm.

Shoots spreading-ascending, deltoid, springing from a branched, diva-
ricate-scandent or intricate-decumbent, 3-stelical, smooth, glossy main stem
reaching a length of 3 — 7 m.; stems smooth, with the lower axillary
leaves obovate-orbicular, bluntly rounded, narrowed and narrowly 2-auri-
culate-cordate at the base; pinnae deltoid, 6 — 8 on a side, the lowest
pinnately compound; lowest pinnulae pinnate, central pinnulae pinnate
or dichotomous. Lateral leaves remote on the stem, contiguous on the
branchlets, flaccid, dark-green or with a tint of blue, subascending or
subspreading, subfalcate, ovate or oblong, 2 — 3 'A mm. long, bluntish,
entire, more or less cordate on both sides, or rounded on the upper side
and truncate-cuneate on the lower side, at the base, generally distinctly
plicate or auricled on the upper base, not imbricate over the rachis;
leaves of the upper plane Vb as long, oblique-oblong, entire, acute or
bluntly acuminate, not cuspidate, those of the principal rachises obliquely
cordate, of the ultimate branchlets obliquely adnate, cuneate on the inner
side, decurrent on the outer side, at the base. Spikes square, '2 — 2"2 cm.
long, 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla broadly cordate or ovate, shortly acuminate,
scarcely longer than the sporangia, those of the macrosporangia much the

103. SELAGINELLA. A^ PLEIOSTELTOAE. 215

largest; macrosporangia conspicuously protruded; macrospores yellowish-
or brownish-white, coarsely rugose to tuberculate or reticulate ; microspores
yellowish or pale-brownish, provided with reticulated, membranous wing-
like crests.

Malaya; Cochinchina.

(189) S. Eiigleri, Uiefon., in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., l\ 704.
Differs from S. Willdenowii Bk. in having the stems and main stem

opaque, the axillary leaves elongate, acute, distinctly 2-auriculate-plicate
at the base, the leaves of the lower plane acute, those of the upper plane
more acutely acuminate, the sporophylla longer, the macrospores verrucose,
the microspores densely verruculose on the basal side with the projections
capitate, tuberculiform or irregularly angular. — A plant, gathered in
Sumatra by Teysmann, probably a form of this species, has the stems
and main stem densely punctulato-asperulous.
iMzon, Sumatra (?).

(190) S. plana. Hieron., in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., P, 703;
S. canaliculaia, Bk., Fern AIL, 91, p. p.; S. caudata, Spring, Mon., II, 139,
p. p.; S. canaliculata, Bk., var. caudata, Warb., Mons., I, 107; S. Guichenotii,
Hieron., 1. c, 701; S. caudata, Spring, var. Guichenotii, Spring, 1. c, 140;
Lycopodium planum, Desv., Enc. Bot., Ill, 158.

Shoots procumbent, ascending from a more or less trailing base, or
erect, up to 60 — 120 cm. long, sometimes springing from a divaricating-
scandent main stem, the lower part simple, short or long, to 45 cm. long
in the largest forms, the stem 3-stelical, angular, stramineous, woody, the
upper part pinnately compound; pinnae ovate, pinnate, with the largest
pinnulae once or twice pinnate again; ultimate branchlets to 1 — 2 cm. long.
Leaves firm, bright-green above, paler beneath, heteromorphous ; leaves of
the stem remote, obliquely cordate-oblong, acuminate; leaves of the branches
more close to subimbricate; leaves of the lower plane more or less spreading;
of the secondary rachises ovate-oblong, falcate, 2 — 3V4 mm. long, to 'A as broad,
acute or acuminate, entire, the upper side rather pellucid-margined, rotundate-
cuneate in the lower part, provided with a spreading or revolute, hyaline,
spur- or tooth-like auricle at the veiy base, the lower base produced, rotundate-
truncate to cordate; of the branchlets similar, but the basal auricle not
rarely wanting or rudimentary; leaves of the upper plane 'A as long, ovate or
obovate, acuminate, entire, pellucid-margined, broadly attached at the base,

216

the outer base decurrent and varying from cuneate to rotundate-cordate.
Spikes square, 'A — 7 cm. long, 1—2 mm. diam.; sporophylla rather crowded,
erecto-patent, ovate-acuminate, keeled, pellucid-margiued, finely serrulate;
macrospores white to brown, more or less distinctly rugulose or reticulate ;
microspores whitish or yellowish, provided with reticulated, membranous
crests. — Very variable. The type has the axillary leaves of the stem
large, elongate-obovate, 2-calcarate-auriculate at the base, the leaves of the
stem similar to those of the branches but larger and (or) broader, and the
leaves of the upper plane conspicuously 2-auriculate-cordate at the base,
the outer auricle much produced and hamate-incurvato, the inner auricle
often hardly so. — S. Guichenotii Hieron. is a sarmentose form only.
Malaya to Br. India.

(191) S. fulvicaulls, Hieron., Hedwi., L, 29; S. monospora, Bk.
(not Spring), Journ. of Bot., XVIII, 217.

Shoots probably ascending or erect from a short-creeping base and
perhaps reaching a length of 50 — 60 cm., pinnate or forked and pinnate
in the upper part, the stem 3-stelical, compressed and fulvous when dry;
pinnae pinnate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate in outline, 10 — 20 cm. long
and 3 — 6 cm. broad; lower and central pinnae pinnate again, higher
simple or forked, the largest to 5 cm. long; ultimate branchlets 3 — 5 mm.
broad including the lateral leaves. Lateral leaves ascending; of the main
and secondary rachises more or less conspicuously remote, unequal-sided,
oblong, bluntish, acute or shortly acuminate, entire, pellucid-margined,
unequally rotundate-cuneate at the base or the lower base rounded,
the largest leaves 5 mm. long; of the branchlets similar but less
unequal-sided, crowded, 2V2 — S'A mm. long, to TA mm. broad; inter-
medial leaves more or less falcate-oblong, mucronate-acuminate, entire,
pellucid-margined, rotundate-cuneate at the base; of the main rachis
3V2 mm. long; of the branchlets to 2 mm. long. Spikes square, 5 — 8 mm.
long, IV2 — 2V2 (after Hieronymus 3V2 — 4) mm. diam.; sporophylla sub-
isomorphous, ovate, mucronate-acuminate, pellucid-margined, entire, keeled,
the largest 2 'A mm. long; macrospores dirty-white or dirty-yellow, irregu-
larly verruculose to rugulose; microspores yellowish-white, provided with
sessile, capitate projections on the basal side.

Sumatra.

(192) S. Pouxolziana, Spring, Mon., II, 142; S. punctata, A. Br.,

103. SELAGINELLA. A^ PLEIOSTELICAE. 217

MS.; S. canalimlata, Bk., Fern AIL, 91, p. p.; Lycopodium Pouzolzianum,
Gaud., Freyc, Voy. Ur. Phys., Bot., I, 287; — var. philippinensis, Hieron.,
in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., T, 701; — ? var. brevifolia, Hieron.,
Hedwi., LI, 262.

Shoots decumbent, or ascending from a wide-trailing base, reaching
a length of 30 — 120 cm., the stem 3-stelical, when dry angular and sul-
cate; pinnae often 10—15 cm. long; pinnulae varying from simple to
copiously pinnate; ultimate branchlets erecto-patent, to SVt cm. long, 4 — 6
mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves entire, heteromorphous;
lateral leaves remote on the stem, close on the branchlets; of the stem
oblong, acuminate, the upper side rounded, narrowed gradually at the
base, the lower side nearly straight, subcordate-rotundate at the base;
of the branchlets horizontal or spreading, lanceolate-oblong, 2 — 3 mm.
long, IV2 — 2 ram. broad, rather abruptly mucronulate-acuminate, narrowly
pellucid-margined, the upper side rotundate-cuneate at the base, the lower
side more or less truncate-rotundate and somewhat dilated at the base;
intermedial leaves erect; of the stem remote, oblong, nearly straight,
acuminate, obliquely rotundate-cordate at the base, the auricles more or
less rotundate-incurvate ; of the branchlets imbricate, subfalcate-ovate,
acuminate to cuspidate, pellucid-margined, very obliquely adnate and
narrowly cuneate at the base, the produced outer base decurrent or
somewhat rounded. Spikes 1 — 2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla ovate, acuminate,
entire, pellucid-margined.

Forma typica: Pinnae broadly ovate or triangular-ovate; macrospores
brownish, albo-verruculose ; microspores more or less prickly. — Nicobares
to the Moluccas, Formosa and South China.

Forma punctata: Pinnae elongate-oblong or lanceolate. — Cuming's
No. 1995 has the macrospores pale-brown, finely verruculose, the micro-
spores yellowish, with densely crowded clavate or stipitate-capitate pro-
jections. — Jagor's No. 905 (var. angustiramosa, Hieron., MS.), which
would be better treated as forma angustiramosa, has the macrospores
pale-yellow, finely verruculose, the projections punctiform or shortly rugi-
form, the microspores yellowish-white, with the projections tuberculiform
or clavate. — Mindoro.

War. philippinensis: Macrospores black, somewhat glaucous,
black- verruculose. — Philippines.

War. Iirevifolia: Lateral leaves smaller, oblong, to 2V2 mm.
long, to VU mm. broad, less abruptly acuminate, rather minutely

218 103. SELAGINELLA. A^. PLEIOSTELICAE.

papilloso-denticulate on both sides towards the apex. Spikes unknown. —
Borneo.

(193) S. plicata, e. A. r. K., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 63.

Shoots erect, the upper part pinnate, the stem 3-steIical with a ten-
dency to become 4 — 5-stelical, grooved when dry; pinnae linear-lanceolate,
15 — 20 cm. long, 2 — 4 cm. broad; pinnulae ascending, to 4 cm. long, the
largest pinnate with 1—3 branchlets on a side; branchlets to 2 cm. long,
4 — 5 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous;
lateral leaves remote and horizontal on the stem, close to imbricate and
ascending on the branchlets; of the stem triangular-oblong, nearly straight,
3 — 4 mm. long, acute, entire, unequally truncate-cordate at the base,
broadest on the upper side, the upper auricle incurved; of the ultimate
branchlets falcate-oblong, the largest 3 mm. long, 'A as broad, subacute,
entire, the upper side rather pellucid-margined, subcuneate in the lower
part, conspicuously plicate-auriculate at the base, the lower side truncate
at the base; intermedial leaves erect, much smaller; of the stem acute,
obliquely truncate-cordate at the base ; of the branchlets acute or acuminate,
nearly longitudinally adnate at the base, the inner side straight, the
outer side rounded, pellucid-margined, decurrent-cuneate at the base.
Spikes IV2 mm. diam.; sporophylla triangular-ovate, to IV2 mm. long,
acuminate, entire, pellucid-margined; microspores densely verruculose;
macrospores

Borneo.

(194) S. iiiurlcala, Ces., Fel. Becc. Polin., 9; — var. inermis,
V. A. V. R., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 52; S. Willdenotvii, A. Br., MS.

Shoots springing from a scandent, 5 — 8-stelical main stem, pinnately
compound, the lower part simple, orchraceous, the stem 3-stelical; pinnae
3 — 4-pinnate, with ovate or flabellate pinnulae. Leaves of the stem erect,
oblong, subobtuse, with the base varying from rotundate-cuneate to
narrowly incurvate-2-auriculate ; leaves of the branches heteromorphous ; of
the lower plane rather spreading, oblong, subfalcate, bluntish or subacute,
entire, nearly equal-sided, rounded and more or less plicate on the upper side
at the base, truncato-cuneate on the lower side at the base ; of the upper
plane adpressed, lanceolate, oblique, acuminate, the point bluntish, entire,
the base more or less rounded on the outer side. Spikes numerous, 2^2 — 4
cm. long when fully developed; sporophylla triangular,- shortly acuminate. —

103. SELAGINELLA. A'. PLEIOSTELICAE. 219

Resembles S. d'Urvillei A. Br., but the leaves of the upper plane and the
sporophylla not pellucid- or pale-margined. The specimens occurring in the
Buitenzorg Herbarium have the pinnae dark-brown to blackish at the base.

Forma typica: Stems muricate; macrospores vs^hite, yellowish or pale-
brown, densely tuberculate-verruculose with roundish or oblong projec-
tions; microspores densely tuberculate- or capitate-verruculose. — Ne^o
Guinea, Saparua, Ceram.

'Var. inermls: Differs from the type only in having the stems
smooth. — Netv Guinea, Amboyna.

(195) S. Schlechteri, nieron., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 41.

Shoots erect, 1 — Ts m. long, the lower part simple, the stem sub-
terete, 3-stelical, when dry slightly grooved, pale-stramineous-brown, to 5
mm. or more thick; the upper part branched, ovate, 1 m. long by 'A m.
broad ; pinnae ovate, 2-pinnate, the rachis 2 cm. broad including the lateral
leaves; branchlets 1 — Vk cm. broad, narrowed towards the apex. Leaves
heteromorphous, entire ; lateral leaves remote on the stem, more approximate
on the branchlets; of the stipe unequal-sided, deltoid-ovate, the inner base
auricled, the outer base shortly truncate, the largest leaves 8 — 9 mm.
long by 3V2 — 4 mm. broad; of the secondary rachises remote, spreading,
lanceolate-oblong, subfalcate, acuminate, the point bluntish, the upper base
rounded, subauriculate-plicate, the lower base broadly adnate, with a small
free rounded corner, the costa prominent towards the apex in dried
material, the largest leaves 1 cm. long by V3 cm. broad; of the branch-
lets smaller, to 9 mm. long; intermedial leaves remote on the stem, imbri-
cate on the branchlets; of the stipe lanceolate-deltoid, 2-auriculate at
the base, shortly aristate-acuminate, the arista Vs as long as the blade,
the largest leaves 1 cm. long by Vs cm. broad; of the secondary rachises
contiguous, falcate-ovate, narrowed on both sides at the base, the outer
base produced, adnate, the costa prominent, the apex cuspidate, the cusp
V4 — Va as long as the blade, the largest leaves 9 mm. long by 3 mm.
broad; of the branchlets smaller, falcate-lanceolate, the cusp proportionally
much longer. Spikes solitary and terminal, IV2 — 2V2 cm. long, 4 — 5 mm.
diam.; sporophylla ovate, acuminate, entire, keeled, the largest 472 mm.
long; macrospores yellow or yellowish, coarsely rugose, the rumples
undulate-dentate, free, simple, branched or reticulate; microspores yellow
or stramineous, provided with reticulated wing-like crests.

N-eic Guinea.

220 103. SELAGINELLA. A . PLEIOSTELICAE.

(196) S. Hindsii, Mie*'on., in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., L, 43.

Shoots probably more than 1 mm. long, the upper part decompound,
the main rachis 3-stelical, obtusely quadrangular, slightly laterally com-
pressed, when dry angular and irregularly grooved, ochraceous or yellowish,
to 8 mm. thick; pinnae to 50 cm. long, oblong, 8— 4-pinnate, the rachis
12 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets narrowed
towards the apex, 5 — 7 mm. broad at the base. Leaves of the branched
portion heteromorphous, entire; lateral leaves remote on the main and
secondary rachises, subapproximate on the branchlets; of the main rachis
obliquely deltoid-ovate, unequal-sided, shortly acuminate, obliquely cordate
at the base, the lower base produced, the largest leaves 8 mm. long by SVa — 4
mm. broad; of the secondary rachises subhorizontal, subobliquely falcate-
ovate, the upper base rounded, slightly plicate, the lower base broadly
adnate, decurrent, with a small free rotundate-truncate corner, the largest
leaves 6 mm. long by 2 'A mm. broad; of the branchlets spreading, to
2 'A mm. long; intermedial leaves erect; of the main rachis remote,
elongate-deltoid, cuspidate-acuminate, obliquely cordate at the base, the
outer base produced, the largest leaves 6 — 8 mm. long by 2V2 mm. broad;
of the secondary rachises obliquely lanceolate-ovate, subfalcate, long-
acuminate, obliquely rounded at the base, the outer base produced; of
the branchlets imbricate, subabruptly long-acuminate, unequally rotundate-
cuneate at the base, the outer base decurrent, the largest leaves 2 mm.
long. Spikes solitary and termipal on the branchlets, 'A— 1 cm. long,
3^4 mm. diam.; sporophylla ovate, acuminate, entire, slightly keeled, at
length spreading; macrospores subcompressed, ochraceous, the basal side
provided with tuberculiform or shortly rugiform projections; microspores
pale-yellow or pale-ochraceous, provided with reticulate, often interrupted
or eroso-denticulate, wing-like crests.

New Guinea.

(197) S. Inaequirolia, Sptnng, Mon., II, 148; Bk., Fern All.,
91; Lycopodium inaequifolium, Hk. & Gi'ev.^ Enum. Fil., No. 189.

Shoots much elongated, rooting everywhere, reaching a length of
90—120 cm., branched, the main rachis conspicuously grooved when dry,
3-steUcal; pinnae lanceolate-oblong, 15 cm. long, the erecto-patent pinnulao
2V2 — 4 cm. long, pinnate with ascending contiguous branchlets narrowed
gradually towards the apex. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral leaves hori-
zontal or spreading, entire; of the main rachis remote, nearly equal-sided.

103. SELAGINELLA. Al PLEIOSTELICAE. 221

oblong, 4 — 5 mm. long, obliquely rotundate-cuneate to rotundate-truncate
at the base; of the secondary rachises more approximate, somewhat falcate;
of the ultimate branchlets nearly close, somewhat more obliquely cuneate
at the base, the largest leaves 2 — 4 mm. long, subacuminate ; intermedial
leaves to V2 as long, entire, erect; of the main rachis remote, triangular-
oblong, acute, truncate-subcordate at the base; of the secondary rachises
lanceolate-falcate-oblong, acuminate, obliquely rotundate-subcordate at the
base; of the branchlets more close, cuspidate, still more oblique at the
base. Spikes 6 — 12 mm. long, I'A — 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla ovate,
acuminate, entire, keeled; macrospores brown or yellowish, with shortly
conical projections; microspores yellowish-white or pale-orange, minutely
verruculose or provided with crowded, elevated or stipitate-capitate pro-
jections.

Java; Br. India.

(198) S. IjObbli, Moo^e, Bk., Fern All., 90.

Shoots erect or ascending, reaching a length of 90 — 120 cm., the
lower part simple, 5-stelical, stramineous, pubescent with short, thick,
spreading, more or less deciduous, fibril-like hairs and provided with
scattered, adpressed, uniform leaves, the upper part branched, oblong in
outline, the main rachis hairy like the stipe, with approximate or remote,
dimorphous leaves; pinnae ascending, regular, linear-lanceolate, to 25 cm.
long; pinnulae crowded, numerous, regular, linear, erecto-patent, the largest
4 — 6 cm. long, simple, or the lower forked. Leaves of the lower plane
contiguous, lanceolate-falcate, 3 — 6 mm. long, the largest IV2 mm. broad,
bluntish, entire, the upper base rounded, not imbricated over the rachis, the
lower base broadly adnate, subauriculate ; leaves of the upper plane Vs as
long, ovate, acuminate to cuspidate, entire, rotundate-cuneate at the base.
Spikes square, 6 — 25 mm. long, 3 mm. diam.; sporophylla ovate, acuminate,
keeled, entire, ascending, 2 mm. long; macrospores brownish or white-
glaucous, coarsely verrucose to rugose, the projections often elongated,
curved, flexuose or reticulate; microspores whitish, with a high, mem-
branous, ring-like equatorial crest, and free or connected, membranous
crests on the basal side. — Specimens occurring in the Buitenzorg Her-
barium have the shoots 40 — 50 cm. long, springing from a sarmentose
and probably divaricating-scandent, 5-stelical main stem, articulated at
the base.

Borneo, Sumbaiva (? Coifs No. VIII).

t2i 103. SELAGINELLA. A*. PLEIOSTELICAfi.

(199) S. Caudichaudiana, Sprang, Mon., II, 149; Lycopodium
canaliculatum, Gaud., Freyc, Voy. Ur. Phys., Bot., I, 287.

Shoots ascending from a more or less creeping base, to 60 cm. long,
the lower part simple, unequally quadrangular, deeply grooved, 5-stelical,
asperous, the upper part branched; pinnae unequal, irregularly spreading,
simply pinnate; pinnulae irregularly parallel, 3 — 3 'A mm. broad including
the lateral leaves, narrowed towards the apex. Leaves rigid ; of the stem
regularly arranged, approximate, ovate-acuminate, straight, soon hetero-
morphous, falcate, erected; of the branches heteromorphous; leaves of the
lower plane spreading; of the branchlets close, falcate, ovate-oblong, 2 — 2 'A
mm. long, 1 — VU mm. broad, acuminate, entire, with the upper base rounded,
the lower base truncate-rotundate to truncate-cordate ; leaves of the upper
plane erect; of the branchlets, oblong, 'A — 'A as long, parallel or incurvate-
falcate, acuminate, entire, obliquely rounded at the base, or the outer
base rotundate-cordate, the inner base rotundate-cuneate. Spikes

Eawak.

(200) S. bidieiisiff, Mieron., Hedwi., LI, 265.

Shoots erect from a creeping or ascending base, the lower part simple,
obtusely 3-angular, rather subterete, irregularly sulcate when dry, smooth,
glossy, dirty-stramineous, to 3 mm. thick, 5 — 7-steUcal, sparingly foliate,
the upper part branched, densely foliate; pinnae articulated at the base,
copiously pinnate, linear-lanceolate, to 20 cm. long; pinnulae approximate,
hardly more than 2 'A cm. long, the lower often forked; ultimate branch-
lets 5 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the branches
conspicuously heteromorphous, those of the branchlets rather the largest;
of the lower plane falcate-oblong, narrowed at the apex but blunt at the
point, somewhat unequal-sided, entire, obsoletely pellucid-margined on the
upper side by a single row of sclerotic cells, cuneate and revoluto-
auriculate at the upper base, truncate and rotundate-subauriculate at the
lower base, with the midrib thickened gradually towards the upper ';s,
the largest leaves S% mm. long and TA mm. broad; of the upper plane
falcate-ovate, nearly equal-sided, shortly acuminated into an oRtuse mucro,
entire, finely pellucid-dotted, narrowly pellucid-margined by a single row
of sclerotic cells, decurrent with an adnate auricle on the outer side at
the base, subtruncate-rotundate at the inner base, the largest leaves I'A
mm. long and 'A mm. broad.

Plants occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium and perhaps belonging

103. SELAGINELLA. A^ PLEIOSTELICAE. 223

to this species differ from Hieronymus' original diagnosis by the following
characters: Stems rather 2-sulcate down the face, 5— 8-stelical, the main
rachis copiously but not densely foliate; pinnae ascending, to 22 cm. long
and 8 cm. broad; pinnulae crowded, to SVj cm. long, the terminal ones
not rarely caudate-elongate; branchlets 4 — 6 ram. broad, narrowed gradually
towards the apex; leaves dark above, pale beneath; leaves of the lower
plane more or less plicate or revoluto-auriculate on the upper side at the
very base, the midrib thickened above the middle, narrowed gradually to
both ends; leaves of the upper plane of the ultimate branchlets falcate-
obovate; spikes numerous, single or double, to 20 mm. long, IV2 mm. diam.;
sporophylla crowded, broadly ovate, to IV2 mm. long, subacute, entire,
hardly keeled; microspores white or yellow, provided with short, straight,
flexuose or branched, moderately crowded, membranous crests intermixed
with bacilliform or tuberculiform projections. Two of the specimens are
destitute of their stipitiform basal portion; they have the pinnae .not
articulated at the base. A third specimen has single or double shoots
springing from an 8-stelical (scandent?) main stem; the double shoots are
springing nearly from the same point, with the posterior ones adherent
and the anterior or accessory (axillary) ones articulated to the main one,
both smaller in all dimensions, the pinnae not articulated at the base, the
main rachis provided with a few still smaller accessory shoots articulated
at the base and springing from the axils of the pinnae. — Hieronymus
thinks these specimens to be different from his species.
Borneo.

(201) S. (lenuanu, r. A. v. «., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 55.

Shoots decompound, the stem 5-stelical, 2 mm. thick, smooth,
stramineous, subquadrangular, above sulcate when dry, sparingly foliate,
with the axillary leaves roundish-ovate, the lower nearly as broad as
long; pinnae lanceolate, the largest 15 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, with
the rachis 'A — 1 cm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnulae crowded,
the largest lanceolate-oblong, to 5 cm. long and 2V2 cm. broad, pinnate
with 1 — 3 suberect, falcate, simple or forked branchlets on a side;
ultimate branchlets to 2 cm. long, 4 — 6 mm. broad, narrowed gradually
in the upper part. Leaves heteromorphous, entire; lateral leaves much
spaced on the stem, close on the branchlets; of the stem oblique, sub-
falcate-oblong, 3 mm. long, blunt; of the ultimate branchlets spreading,
falcate, 'bluntish, the upper base rotundate-cuneate, plicate, the lower base

224 103. SEIiAGINELLA. Al PLEIOSTELICAfi.

cordate-truncate, the largest leaves 4 mm. long, IV2 mm. broad; inter-
medial leaves erect; of the stem remote, ovate-oblong, 2 mm. long, blunt;
of the branchlets close, falcate-oblong, bluntly and shortly acuminate, the
inner side straight, the outer side rounded, the base obliquely adnate,
rather decurrent on the outer side. Spikes terminal, IV2 — 2 mm. diam.;
sporophylla broadly triangular-ovate, subacute or bluntish, entire, hardly
keeled; macrospores white, grey or brown, verrucose, the projections
roundish or shortly linear, rather low, the apical ribs encircled by 2 rows
of much higher projections; microspores whitish or yellowish, densely
verrucose, the projections roundish, free or connected. — Accessory shoots
articulated at the base and springing from the axils of the pinnae.
Java.

(202) S. padangciisis, Hiet-on., Hedwi., L, 34.

Shoots ascending from a creeping base, the lower part simple,
sparingly foliate, the upper part compound, ovate or obovate, the stem
grooved, 5— 7-stelical, to 6 mm. thick, puberulous, at length glabrescent
and smooth or minutely tuberculato-asperous, stramineous; pinnae often
distinctly articulated to the main rachis, branched from the base, the rachis
9 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; lower pinnulae sub-2-pinnate,
higher repeatedly dichotomous or simply forked; branches of the lower
pinnulae pinnately or dichotomously branched; ultimate branchlets to 6
mm. broad. Lateral leaves of the stem unequal-sided, subfalcate-ovate, sub-
acute, more or less narrowly pellucid-margined on both sides, entire,
obliquely cordate at the base, the largest leaves 2V2 mm. long, IV3 mm.
broad ; of the branches obliquely falcate-oblong, subacute or subobtuse, the
upper base auricled, rounded, the auricle revolute, diaphanous, the lower
base cordate to truncate, the margin bounded by a narrow, decoloured
Une on both sides, the largest leaves 5 mm. long, IV2 mm. broad near the
base, those of the branchlets Va— V2 as long; intermedial leaves of the stem
subfalcate-ovate, subobtuse, entire, narrowly pellucid-margined, the inner
base rounded, the outer base subauriculate-cordate, the largest leaves
3 mm. long; of the branches falcate-ovate, equal-sided, the outer base
decurrent or adnate-auriculate, the inner base subtruncate-rotundate, the
apex short-bluntish, the margin bounded by a narrow, decoloured line, the
largest leaves 2Vj mm. long, hardly 1 mm. broad at the middle. Spikes
square, 5—16 mm. long, V'2 mm. diam., solitary on the branchlets;
sporophylla subdeltoid, shortly acutely mucronate, pale-green, keeled, the

103. SELAGINELLA. A*. PLEIOSTELICAE. 225

largest IVs mm. long, 1 ram. broad; macrospores verruculose on the basal
side; microspores yellowish, verruculose on the basal side, the verrucae
subconical.

Sumatra, Borneo.

(203) S. maxima, «. A. r. K., Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 53.

Shoots of young plants erect from a decumbent base, of adult plants
springing from a subterete, probably scandent, main stem 5 — 6 mm. diam.;
main stem sparingly foliate with subisomorphous, ovate, acute, entire leaves ;
secondary stems articulated at the base, relatively short, 2 — 2V2 mm.
thick, 3 — 5-stelical, with the axillary leaves broadly oblong or suborbicular-
rhomboidal; pinnae few, lanceolate, 20 — 30 cm. long, 6 — 8 cm. broad;
pinnulae simple, close, ascending, the central ones 5 — 6 cm. long, 10 — 12
mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the pinnae hetero-
morphous; lateral leaves rather close, lanceolate-falcate, bluntish, entire,
narrowly pellucid-margined; of the ultimate branchlets 6 — 6V2 mm. long,
2V2 — 3 mm. broad, rotundate or rotundate-cuneate and slightly plicate at
the upper base, rather rotundate-truncate at the lower base; intermedial
leaves erect, unequal-sided, ovate, subabruptly long-acuminate-cuspidate,
entire, pellucid-margined, obhquely rotundate-cuneate at the base; of the
branchlets close or imbricate, 3 mm. long. Spikes solitary, IVs — 2Vj mm.
diam.; sporophylla ovate, acuminate, entire, pellucid-margined, at length
spreading, the largest nearly 2 mm. long; macrospores whitish or yellowish,
densely verrucose; microspores copiously provided with short or elongated,
flexuose, free or irregularly reticulated wing-like crests.

Borneo.

(204) S. d'Urvillci, A. Br., in Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges., 1869, 585;
Hieron. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Fam., P, 703; S. caudata. Spring, var.
DurviUaei, Spring, Mon., II, 139; S. canaliculata, Bk., var. d'Urvillei, Warb.,
Mens., I, 107; Lycopodium DurviUaei, Bory, Voy., I, 245, p. p.

Shoots erect or ascending from a decumbent base, 30 cm. or more
long, pinnately compound, the stem 4 — 5-stelical; pinnulae rather numerous,
at least the lower pinnate; ultimate branchlets 4 — 5 mm. broad including
the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous; leaves of the stem remote,
rather erect; intermedial leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, 2-auriculate-
cordate at the base, the auricles shortly hamate-incurvate ; leaves of the
branches gradually more close; leaves of the branchlets close or imbricate;
Fern Allies. 15

22'6~' 103. SELAGINELLA. A'." PLEIOSTELICAE.

lateral leaves spreading, falcate, acute, entire, to 2 mm. long, the upper
base cuneate, not auricled, or if so, the auricle rudimentary, plicate-revolute,
the lower base rather truncate ; intermedial leaves shorter, erect, obliquely
lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, pellucid-margined, the base oblique, cuneate-
decurrent or somewhat rounded on the outer side. Spikes 1 — 2 mm.
diam. ; sporophylla deltoid-oblong, acuminate, entire, narrowly pellucid-
margined; macrospores pale-yellow, pale-yellow-brown or reddish, finely
verruculose to shortly rugose-verrucose ; microspores yellowish or whitish,
densely verruculose to coarsely verrucose. — According to the plants
occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium, and determined as S. d'Urvillei,
this species seems to be variable, or the incomplete description available
to me fits several different, though related, forms. Home's No. 549 from
Fiji has the lateral leaves blunt or bluntish, those of the stem and branches
with a cuneate upper base with a minute, narrowly incurvate-hamate
basal auricle, the axillary leaves of the stem and pinnae lanceolate-elongate,
" broadest in the lower half, the base 2-auriculate-cordate, the inner auricle
hamate-incurvate, the outer auricle straight, spur-like ; and a form gathered
in Amboina has the intermedial leaves of the stem obliquely rounded or
subcordate at the base, the auricles hardly produced, not incurved. Some
of our specimens have the stems incompletely 4 — .5-stelical, rather 3-stelical
with a tendency to become 4 — 5-stelical, and the axillary leaves hardly
2-auriculate-cordate at the base.
Amboina to Polynesia.

Species of an indefinite systematical place, probably belonging to the
groups in which they are placed here.

Ai. MONOSTELICAE.

a^. Radicattte*.

S. Ridleyi, BU., Ann. of Bot., VIII, 131.

Shoots decumbent, intricate, the higher branches distant, short, simple.

103. SELAGINELLA. INDEFINITAE. 227

decumbent. Leaves of the lower plane close, rhomboid-oblong, spreading,
obtuse, copiously ciliated, with the upper base produced, cordate; leaves
of the upper plane '4 as long, ascending, ovate, conspicuously mucronate.
Spikes slender, square; sporophylla uniform, ovate, small.
Malacca.

S. pinan^ensis, Spring, Mon., II, 205; Bk., Fern All., 67.

Shoots trailing, to 45 cm. long, closely pinnate, the main rachis very
slender, sulcate on the face; central pinnae pinnate with 3 — 4 short,
contiguous branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane close on both stem
and branches, spreading, subdiaphanous, dark-green above, yellow-glittering
beneath, ovate-oblong or subrhomboidal, 2 — SVa mm. long, subobtuse,
nearly equal-sided, rounded or subcordate on both sides at the base,
dilated and a little imbricated over the rachis on the upper side, with
a distinct midrib, ciliated through the lower half on the upper side; leaves
of the upper plane oblique-ovate, suborbicular, Vs — 'A as long, with a cusp
nearly as long as the blade, ciliated, white-margined. Spikes square,
2V2 — 7V2 mm. long, IV4 mm. diam.; sporophylla ovate, acute, pale-margined,
keeled.

Penang; Assam.

a'*. Ascendentes.

S. barbata, Spt^wg, Mon., II, 240, p. p.; Bk., Fern All., 74;
Ltjcopodium barbafMm, Klf., Enum., 18.

Shoots suberect, 15 cm. long, copiously pinnate, the stem angled on
the face, the close, erecto-patent pinnae copiously compound. Leaves soon
heteromorphous ; of the lower plane close on the branches, spaced on tlie
stem, ascending, bright-green, moderately firm, ovate, 2V2 mm. long, acute,
nearly equal-sided, subfalcate, serriilate, pale-margined, broadly rounded
and ciliated on both sides at the base, imbricated over the rachis; of the
upper plane 'A as long, oblique-ovate, acute or acuminate, pale-margined,
serrulate-denticulate, obliquely cordate at the base, the outer base produced,
long-ciliated. Spikes square, to 7V2 mm. long, 2V2 mm. diam.; sporophylla
deltoid, crowded, long-acuminate, serrulate, soon spreading or spuarrose.

Philippines.

^28 103. selaginella. indei'initae.

S. Siiberecto, BU,, Fern AIL, 74; S. barbata, Spring, Mon., II,
204, p. p.; S. caulescens. Spring, p. p. (t. Warb.).

Shoots suberect, 15 — 25 cm. long, little branched in the lower Va,
copiously branched upwards with crowded, ascending, very compound
branches, the stem rounded on the back, acutely angled on the face.
Leaves of the lower plane crowded and much imbricated on the branchlets,
nearly contiguous on the stem, ascending, oblique-ovate, 2 — 3 'A mm long,
acute, bright-green, moderately iirm, more produced and ciliolate on the
upper side, very cordate and much imbricated over the rachis on the
upper side at the base; leaves of the upper plane as long, oblique-ovate,
cuspidate, much imbricated on the branchlets. Spikes

Malacca; China.

S. Muelleri, me., Fern All., 94.

Shoots erect, 15 — 20 cm. long, simple in the lower part, decompound
upwards; pinnae crowded, deltoid; final branchlets close, erecto-patent,
V/t — 2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves of the lower plane
ascending, rather imbricated on the branchlets, ovate-lanceolate, I'A — 2
mm. long, bright-green, moderately firm in texture, rounded on both sides
at the base, the midrib central, the margin white, denticulate, not
anywhere distinctly ciliated; leaves of the upper plane much imbricated,
V2 as long, oblique-ovate, cuspidate. Spikes short; sporophylla ovate, as
long as the leaves of the lower plane, cuspidate. — A fragment of Armit's
original plant, occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium, has the ultimate
branchlets under 1 mm. broad, with the lateral leaves at best 'A mm.
long, minutely denticulate on the upper edge, slightly cordate on the
lower side at the base, the leaves of the upper plane acuminate, entire,
obliquely adnate at the base, with the outer base narrowly subcordate,
the sporophylla denticulate.

New Guinea.

103. SELAOINELLA. INDEFINITAE. 229

b'. IntCTteaetae.

%. iiiiiiiiuiilaria, Wafb., Mons., I, 123.

Shoots small, creeping, the stem slender, Vs mm. thick, yellowish
when dry, the branches simple, 1 — IV2 mm. long. Leaves very remote,
those of the lower plane nearly orbicular, spreading, under 1 mm. long,
subobtuse at the apex, broadly rotnndate-truncate at the base, very
minutely and remotely denticulate, those of the upper plane broadly ovate,
"3 mm. long, somewhat oblique, erect, subcuspidate, very minutely den-
ticulate, nearly rounded at the base. Spikes

Luzon.

fi. calophylla, Wawb., Mons., I, 123.

Near the preceding, but the leaves of the lower plane ovate, acute,
shortly hair-pointed or mucronulate, with the upper side sparingly long-
ciliated in the lower half, white-margined, the lower side entire or very
sparingly and minutely piloso-denticulate, the leaves of the upper plane
sparingly long-ciliate, obliquely and broadly rounded at the base.

Celebes.

b'. Bisutcatae.

S. oligostachycr, J»fc., Ann. of Bot., VIII, 132.

Shoots trailing, sparingly branched. Leaves firm; of the lower plane
spreading, not contiguous, ovate, subacute, not ciliate, produced on the
upper side, cordate at the base; of the upper plane ascending, small,
ovate, mucronate. Spikes short; sporophylla of the upper plane erecto-
patent, contiguous, linear, obtuse; of the lower plane small, ascending,
ovate, densely ciliate.

Malacca.

Snberosae»

!i. re<i(>iilaiH. Sitftng, Mon., II, 235; S. proniflora, Bk., Fern
All., 108, p. p.; Lycopudinm retkulatwn., Hk. d: Grev., Enum. Fil., No. 185.

230 103. SELAGINELLA. INDEFINITAE.

Shoots erect, caespitose^ to 2Vj cm. long, little compound, the stem
slender. Leaves very minute, subdimorphous, spaced; of the lower plane
ovate-oblong, acute, subentire; of the upper plane 'A as long, ovate-
acuminate, spreading. Spikes proportionally very broad, 12 times as broad
as the branchlets; sporophylla of the upper plane imbricated, ovate-oblong,
acuminate, subentire, keeled, unequal-sided; of the lower plane somewhat
smaller, ovate-lanceolate, rigidly ciliated, keeled, subspreading.

Malaya to Br. India.

a. Bliimei, Spring, Hon., II, 127.

Shoots erect, the stem firm, slender, quadrangular, convex down the
face and back, flattened down the sides; pinnae erecto-patent, suberect,
straight; pinnulae flaccid, more or less compound, elongate-triangular in
outline. Leaves heteromorphous, rigid; lateral leaves dark-green above,
pale-glittering beneath, horizontally spreading on the main rachis,
ascending on the branchlets; of the main rachis the largest, linear-oblong,
s'ubensiform, 4 — 5 mm. long, IV2 mm. broad, blunt, the upper side den-
ticulate towards the rounded base, the lower side sparingly denticulate
at the truncate-cordate base; of the branchlets smaller, obliquely cuneate
at the base which is more rounded on the upper side; leaves of the upper
plane much smaller, Vs as long, adpressed, ovate, divaricating, straight,
aristate-acuminate, minutely denticulate, produced on the outer side at
the base. Spikes 5 — 15 mm. long; sporophylla distinctly heteromorphous.

Java.

b*. Bfachymtachyae.

8. l¥rayl, Jfk., Fern All., 118.

Shoots densely tufted, 15 cm, long, 2-pinnate; branches and branch-
lets ascending. Leaves moderately firm in texture, bright-green, those of
the lower plane oblique-ovate, 4 'A mm. long, more rounded on the upper
side at the base, those of the upper plane much smaller, ascending,
ovate, aristate. Spikes 4 — 6 mm. long; sporophylla of the upper plane
erecto-patent, rigid, ovate, acute; of the lower plane more ascending,
ovate, cuspidate.

Malacca.

103. SELAGINELLA. INDEFINITAE. 231

S. flebilis, Spring, Mon., II, 122; S. tenera, Spring^ 1. c, 241,
p. p. (t. Warb.); Lycopodium debile, Bory, Bel., Voy. Bot., II, 8, tab. I,

flg. 1.

Shoots to 45 cm. long, the stem thick, quadrangular, stramineous;
pinnae unequal, erecto-patent; pinnulae 3 — 4 times forked from a simple
base. Leaves heteromorphous, deep-green above, glaucous beneath, those
of the stem remote, of the branches gradually contiguous; leaves of the
lower plane horizontal on the stem, ascending on the branches, ovate-
oblong, 4'/2 — 5V2 mm. long, 3 — 3'/4 mm. broad, falcate, subacute, subentire,
sparingly denticulate on the upper edge, narrowed at the base; leaves of
the upper plane to V2 as long, adpressed, roundish or obovate, abruptly
long-apiculate, ciliolate-denticulate, equally subcordate at the base, straight,
rather divaricating, the cusp rather spreading. Spikes

Java; Peninsular India.

k\ PLEIOSTELICAE.

S. Wictoriae, Moore, Bk., Fern AIL, 90.

Shoots suberect, 90 — 120 cm. long; branches lanceolate-deltoid, usually
15 — 25 cm. long, caudate, the upper branchlets erecto-patent and simple,
contiguous, the lower forked or slightly pinnate. Leaves of the lower
plane crowded, lanceolate-oblong, falcate, acute, 2 mm. long, dark-bright-
green, firm in texture, equal-sided, obscurely petiolulate, truncate on both
sides at the base, not ciliate, not imbricate over the rachis ; leaves of the
upper plane '/4 as long, oblique-oblong, shortly cuspidate, much imbricated.
Spikes square, 2V2— 5 cm. long, 2 — 2V2 mm. diam.; sporophylla ovate,
cuspidate, acutely keeled.

Borneo (?)^ Moluccas (?); Polynesia.

\ APPENDIX.

APPENDIX.

This appendix contains modifications and additions, and treats with
the new species the diagnoses of which I received too late to insert in
the first part of the work.

The numbers within brackets indicate the sequence in the keys of the
handbook, but only approximately for the new species (marked a, 6, etc.).

BuiTENZORG, January 1915. v. A. v. R.

103. SH:L.A.01]VEIL^X^^, Sp^ng.

A\ MQNOSTELICAE.

a'. Ifecttmbentes.

(7) S. ceratocaulos, v. A. v. R. —

Omit this species here, the original description being based on an
incomplete specimen. — See No. 39a.

a'. Radicanfe*,

(11) SI. reiuotifolia, Spr-inff. — «

Elmer's No. 14301 ditt'ers in having the lateral leaves obsoletely
serrulate towards the apex, with the upper side entire at the middle,
sparingly serrulate towards the base, the intermedial leaves long-acuminate,
the macrospores with the ring-shaped crest indistinct.

Also in Luzon,

236 APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA.

(15a) S. Perkinsiac, HieroH., Leaf!., VI, 2010.

Shoots creeping, 30 cm. or more long, the branching between pinnate
and dichotomous, the stem stramineous, compressed, flexuose, when dry
copiously sulcate above, 1"? mm. thick, 10 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves; pinnae remote, sparingly 1 — 2-pinnate or subdichotomous ;
ultimate branchlets 5 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral leaves
dark-green above, paler and subolivaceous beneath; of the stem rather
remote, subhorizontal, very unequal-sided, obliquely falcate-oblong, sub-
acuminate, very minutely serrulate towards the apex, the upper side
entire or subentire at the middle, minutely serrulate and rather pellucid-
margined towards the broadly rounded base, the lower side entire in the
lower 'U, provided with 2 — 6 minute teeth at the narrowly rotundate-
truncate base, the largest leaves 5 mm. long by 2 mm. broad; of the
ultimate branchlets similar, close or approximate, more narrowed at the
base which is rotundate-cuneate on the upper side, to 2 mm. long by 'A
mm. broad; intermedial leaves dark-green, erect; of the stem obliquely
ovate-oblong, nearly straight, aristate, keeled, minutely serrulate, narrowly
pellucid-margined, the outer base produced, distinctly auriculate-cordate,
the inner base shortly rotundate-cordate, the largest leaves 3 mm. long,
the cusp Vs as long as the blade: of the branches growing gradually
smaller; of the branchlets rotundate-cuneate on the inner side at the
base. Spikes quadrangular, solitary, rarely double, 3 — 6 mm. long, IV2 mm.
diam.; sporophylla ovate, shortly aristate-acuminate, minutely serrulate,
keeled, pellucid-margined, to 2 mm. long; macrospores white or yellowish-
white, shortly rugulose to reticulate; microspores cream-yellow, provided
with stipitate-capitate projections on the basal side.

Mindanao.

(156) S. nesrosensls. mefon., Leaf!., VI, 2007.

Shoots creeping, 15 cm. or more long, probably dichotomous in the
lower part, otherwise pinnate, the stem somewhat compressed, stramineous,
grooved when dry, 1 mm. thick, 7 mm. broad including the lateral leaves;
pinnaa remote, spreading, to 3 cm. long, sparingly pinnate or dichotomous;
ultimate branchlets to 4 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral
leaves subhorizontal or spreading; of the main rachis approximate, obliquely
falcate-ovate or falcate-oblong, unequal-sided, bluntish, acute or shortly
acuminate, black-green above, pale-olivaceous-green beneath, very minutely
serrulate towards the apex, the upper side whether or not entire at the

APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA. 237

middle, minutely serrulate and narrowly pellucid-margined in the lower
part, rather broadly rounded at the base, the lower side entire in the
lower part, rotundate-cuneate or narrowly truncate-rotundate at the base,
the largest leaves 3V2 mm. long by I'A ram. broad; of branchlets similar
but more narrowed at the base, to 2 mm. long by 'A as broad; inter-
medial leaves erect, black-green, obliquely ovate, nearly straight, aristate-
acuminate, minutely serrulate, narrowly pellucid-margined, the outer base
produced, auricled, the auricle rounded, the inner base rotundate, the
largest leaves 2V4 mm. long, the cusp about V* — 'A as long as the blade.
Spikes solitary or double, terminal, or apparently lateral (on rudimentary
branchlets), 5—15 mm. long, IV2 — 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla deltoid-ovate,
shortly acuminate, keeled, minutely serrulate, subpellucid-margined, the
largest VU mm. long; macrospores whitish, stramineous- white or black,
with minute, rugiform, flexuose or branched ridges, the apical ribs encircled
by a slightly elevated ring-shaped crest; microspores yellowish-white or
cream-yellow, provided with bacilliform or stipitate-capitate projections.
Negros.

(20a) See No. 11.

a''. Atcendentet.

\

(27a) S. alliganis, Mieron., Leafl., VI, 2012.

Shoots springing from a high-scandent main shoot, 3 — 4-pinnate, the
stem compressed, pale-ochraceous or ochraceous-green, IV2 mm. thick,
often slightly grooved when dry; pinnae ascending, remote, the rachis
7 — 10 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets 4 — 5
mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral leaves spreading; of the stem
remote, oblique-ovate, obtuse, very minutely serrulate on both sides, the
upper side gradually ciliolate at the rounded base, the lower side often
ciliolate at the narrowly rounded base, the largest leaves 4V2 mm. long,
2V2 — 274 mm. broad; of the branches nearly similar, approximate to
imbricate, often provided with interrupted spurious veinlets, the upper
side pellucid-margined, ciliate at the base, the lower side entire except
towards the obscurely serrulate apex, ciliate at the base, the ciliae
continued upon the rachises; of the principal rachises 5 mm. long by 2

238 APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA.

mm. broad; of the ultimate branchlets to 2V2 mm. long; intermedial
leaves erect; of the stem remote, oblong, blunt, the apex rounded or very
shortly mucronulate, the sides very minutely serrulate, the outer base
broadly auricled, the auricle rounded, slightly incurved, ciliolate, the inner
base rotundate-cuneate, sparingly ciliolate, the largest leaves 5 mm. long;
of the branches imbricate, obliquely falcate-ovate, long-cuspidate-acuminate,
minutely serrulate, the outer base auriculate-cordate, ciliate, the inner
base rotundate-subcordate, sparingly ciliate; of the principal rachises 37*
mm. long, with the cusp about Vs — Va as long as the blade; of the
ultimate branchlets smaller. Spikes quadrangular, solitary or double,
1 — 6 cm. long, to 4 mm. diam.; sporophylla deltoid-ovate, acuminate,
minutely serrulate, pellucid-margined, to 27* mm. long; macrospores
somewhat compressed, ivory-white or cream-yellow to fusCous, the basal
side provided with often branched rumples, the apical ribs encircled by
an ring-shaped wing; microspores yellow, the basal side provided with
stipitate-capitate projections.
Luzon, Mindanao.

(29) $1. Quadrasii, Biefon. —

Duplicates of Elmer's No. 13407, occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium,
have the main rachis 13 — 14 mm. broad including the lateral leaves, the
ultimate branchlets 5 — 8 mm. broad, the lateral leaves more distinctly
serrulate towards the apex, the intermedial leaves with the cusp to V2
as long as the blade, the sporophylla more copiously serrulate throughout,
the macrospores white to pale-yellow-brown, with the apical ribs encircled
by a more or less distinct ring-shaped crest, the microspores more copiously
provided with sessile or stalked capitate projections.

(39fl) S. ceratocaiilos, v. a. «. n.. Bull. Btz., 1914, XVI, 41.

Shoots erect, or ascending from a short-creeping base, to 20 cm. long,
the lower part simple or forked, reddish when dry, 1 mm. thick, terete
or obtusely angular, the upper part pinnately compound, the main rachis
3V2 — 5 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae remote, ascending,
pinnate, or the lower 2-pinnate at the base, the largest to 10 cm. long;
ultimate branchlets to I'A cm. long, the largest 2V2— 3Vj mm. broad.
Leaves heteromorphous, the lower reddish when dry; lateral leaves nearly
equal-sided, oblong, hardly falcate, shortly acuminate, minutely denticulate
and more or less narrowly pellucid-margined on both sides, obliquely rotundate

APPENDIX. 108. SELAGINELLA. 239

or rotundate-cuneate at the base; of the main rachis 2 — 2'/* mm. long,
to IV2 mm. broad, somewhat remote, more or less deciduously ciliate or
ciliolate at the base; of the branchlets to 2 mm. long and V2 as broad,
more ascending, subcontiguous to imbricate, not or sparingly ciliolate at
the base; intermedial leaves erect, oblong, acuminate, minutely denticulate
and more or less narrowly pellucid-margined on both sides, the inner
base more or less cuneate or rotundate-cuneate, the outer base producto-
rotundate or cordate and provided with 0 — 3 short ciliae; of the main
rachis somewhat remote, IV2 mm. long; of the branchlets imbricate,
shorter. Spikes terniinal, solitary, square, 1 — 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla
triangular-ovate, acute or acuminate, keeled, minutely denticulate and
pellucid-margined, at length spreading, the largest IV2 mm. long; macro-
spores numerous, white, smooth; microspores

Forma typica: Leaves less conspicuously pellucid-margined, the largest
lateral ones less distinctly ciliolate at the base, less broadly rounded on
the upper base. — Java.

Forma madurensis: Leaves distinctly pellucid-margined, the largest
lateral ones more distinctly ciliolate or ciliate at the base, more broadly
rounded on the upper base. — Madoera Island.

(52) S^. inagniflca, W^afh. —

Duplicates of Elmer's Nos. 11276 and 13364, determined by Hieronymus,
occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium, have all the lateral leaves of the
main rachis contiguous and only those of the lower part of the stipe
somewhat remote.

(59rt) See No. 29.

(71a) JK. argiisaiienisiis, meron., Leafl., Yl, 1998.

Shoots about 60 cm. long, simple in the lower part, 3 — 4-pinnate
and broadly ovate in the upper part, the stem pale-ochraceous-brown,
somewhat glossy, the stipe obtusely quadrangular, somewhat compressed,
to 4 mm. thick; main rachis 1272 mm. broad including the lateral leaves;
pinnae to 30 cm. long and 10 cm. broad; pinnulae crowded, ascending;
branchlets 2V4 — 5 mm. broad. Lateral leaves remote on the stem, close
on the branches; of the stipe subdeltoid, broadly adnate, subfalcate,
shortly mucronate-acuminate, the upper side minutely serrulate, broadly
rotunddte at the base, the lower side entire or subentire, narrowly

240 APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA.

rotundate-truncate at the base, the largest leaves A^k mm. long by 3 mm.
broad; of the branched portion subspreading, more ovate-deltoid, the upper
base rotundate-subcordate, the lower side subentire or indistinctly den-
ticulate, rotundate-truncate at the base; of the main rachis 5 mm. long
by 4 mm. broad; of the ultimate branchlets to 27* — 3 mm. long and
about '/i as broad, less broadly rounded or rotundate-cuneate at the upper
base, moderately spuriously veined ; intermedial leaves subdeltoid or ovate ;
of the stipe subaristate-acuminate, minutely serrulate, broadly and obliquely
rotundate-cuneate at the base, the outer base slightly auricled, the largest
leaves 5 mm. long by 3 mm. broad; of the branched portion subaristate-
acuminate, the inner side minutely serrulate, rotundate-cuneate at the base,
the outer side serrulate towards the apex, less so in the lower part, narrowly
rotundate-auriculate at the base; of the main rachis 5 mm. long by 2V2
mm. broad ; of the branches growing gradually smaller. Spikes quadrangular,
V» — 8 cm. long, 2 mm. or more diam. ; sporophylla deltoid-ovate, at length
spreading, indistinctly pellucid-margined, minutely serrulate, to 3 mm.
long; macrospores ivory-white, rugulose, the rumples flexuose or branched,
hardly reticulate, the apical ribs encircled by a crest-like ring; microspores
whitish-ochraceous or cream-yellow, provided with conical projections on
the basal side.
Mindanao.

(73a) See No. 71a.

CanleaeenteM.

(94) S. cii|»i*cissina. Spring; — var. aristulata, Hieron., Leafl.,
VI, 1994.

far. ari«9lulatn: Intermedial leaves with the cusp 'A— '2 as
long as the blade; shoots 15—20 cm. long, the stipe 7—10 cm. long, the
branched portion broadly ovate. — Leyte Island.

h\ Mntefteaetae.

(113a) !i. cueriioiieiiisiis, Uiefon., Leatl., VI, 2027.

Shoots creeping, to 10 cm. long, dichotomous in the lower part,

APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA. 241

pinnate or subpinnate in the upper part, the stem filiform, 4— 4Vj mm.
broad including the lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets short, 3 mm. broad.
Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral leaves distinctly, though not very, remote ;
of the main stem horizontal, unequal-sided, roundish or broad-oblong,
bluntish, subentire or sparingly and very minutely serrulate towards the
apex, the upper side very minutely serrulate in the lower half, rounded
or broadly rotundate-cuneate at the base, the lower side subentire towards
the rotundate-cordate base, the largest leaves 2 mm. long by I'A mm.
broad; of the branchlets smaller, ovate, relatively narrower, somewhat
more distinctly serrulate on the upper side, narrower at the base; inter-
medial leaves erect, more or less remote, ovate, long-subcuspidate-
acuminate, more or less sparingly and minutely serrulate, obliquely
rounded or rotundate-cuneate at the base, the largest leaves 1 mm. long.
Spikes solitary, 1 — IV4 cm. long, 2 — 2V2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the
upper plane spreading, unequal-sided, subsemiovate, acute or shortly
acuminate, rather sparingly and minutely serrulate, keeled, the largest
r/2 mm. long; of the lower plane suberect, triangular-ovate, long-acuminate,
sparingly and minutely serrulate; macrospores cream-yellow or yellowish-
white, densely and minutely punctulate-verruculose ; microspores

Negros.

(120a) S. apoensis, JK«fo»., Leafl., YI, 2028.

Shoots creeping and repeatedly dichotomous in the lower part, sub-
ascending and sparingly pinnate in the upper part, the stem very slender,
under 'A mm. thick, compresso-subterete ; ultimate branchlets 2 — 2'/4 mm.
broad including the lateral leaves. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral leaves
of the lower part of the stem remote, ascending, to 1 mm. long by V*
mm. broad, oblique-oblong, shortly mucronulate, the upper side long-ciliate,
minutely serrulate at the apex, slightly pellucid-margined in the lower
part, rounded or rotundate-cuneate at the base, the lower side minutely
serrulate, sparingly ciliolate at the rotundate-cuneate and broadly adnate
base; of the branches larger, to 2 mm. long by 1 mm. broad, approximate
or somewhat remote, obliquely rotundate-truncate at the base, the lower
side less serrulate; intermedial leaves small, ovate, unequally (obliquely)
cuneate or rotundate-cuneate at the base, sparingly ciliate, cuspidate-
acuminate, the cusp hair-pointed. Spikes solitary on the branchlets, 'A — 2
cm. long, IV2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane ovate, to
I'A mm. long, acute, rostrate, minutely serrulate at the apex, long-ciliate,
Fern Allies. 16

242 APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA.

keeled, the keel minutely serrulate; of the lower plane deltoid-ovate,
minutely serrulate towards the apex, sparingly ciliate ; macrospores yellow,
densely provided with very minute papilliform projections; microspores
minium-red or orange, smooth.
Mindanao.

Bisuicatae.

(137a) S. Mearnsil, Hieftm., Leaf!., YI, 2018.

Shoots creeping, dichotomous in the lower part, the secondary shoots
3-pinnate or sub-4-pinnate, the main rachises subquadrangular, compressed,
grooved when dry, stramineous or subochraceous, hardly more than TA
mm. thick, 7—10 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae remote,
to 5 cm. long; pinnulae to 5 on a side, less remote, forked or sparingly
pinnate to sub-2-pinnate ; ultimate branchlets short, 4 — 5 mm. broad.
Leaves heteromorphous; lateral leaves remote on the stem, approximate
or subcontiguous on the branchlets; of the stem horizontal, obliquely
suboblong-ovate, shortly mucronulate, the upper side sparingly serrulate,
rather broadly rounded at the base, the lower side entire, narrowly
rotundate-truncate at the base, the largest leaves SVs^S mm. long by
about Vj as broad ; of the ultimate branchlets subhorizontal, very sparingly
serrulate on the upper side, unequally rotundate-cuneate at the base, to
2Vi mm. long; intermedial leaves erect, obovate-oblong, abruptly cuspidate,
moderately ciliolate, unequally rotundate-cuneate at the base or the inner
base more rounded; of the stem SVz — 4 mm. long, with the cusp 'A^'A
as long as the blade; of the branchlets smaller, imbricate. Spikes short,
about 5 — 7 mm. long, 3 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane
spreading, oblique-ovate-lanceolate, shortly mucronate-acuminate, remotely
and shortly ciliate, gradually serrulate towards the apex, to 3 mm. long;
of the lower plane suberect, deltoid-ovate, acuminate, shortly ciliate,
gradually serrulate towards the apex, hardly keeled, the lower much the
largest; macrospores white or yellow to castaneous, very minutely
punctulate, soon smooth; microspores pale dirty-ochraceous, densely but
Very minutely verruculose.

iMzon.

APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA. 243

(1376) S. pervaga, Hieron., Leafl., VI, 2021.

Shoots wide-creeping, 3-pinnate, probably dichotomous in the lower
part, the stem quadrangular, reddish, stramineous-brown when dry, to 2
mm. thick, 12—13 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae remote,
to about I2V2 cm. long, the rachis 10 — 12 mm. broad; pinnulae few,
partly pinnate, partly repeatedly forked; ultimate branchlets 5 — 6 mm.
broad. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral leaves of the stem horizontal or
nearly so, the lower remote, the higher more approximate, hardly falcate-
oblong, shortly mucronulate, minutely serrulate towards the apex, the
upper side subappresso-serrulate-ciliolate, rather broadly rounded at the
base, the lower side entire, narrowly rotundate-truncate at the base, the
largest leaves 7 mm. long by 2'/4 mm. broad; of the branchlets more
ascending, subsimilar, crowded, the upper side rotundate-cuneate at the
base; intermedial leaves erect; of the stem remote, deltoid-oblong, sub-
acute, long-cuspidate, ciliolate, the outer base shortly rotundate-auriculate,
the inner base narrowly rounded, the largest leaves 4 — 4V2 mm. long,
the cusp about Vs as long as the blade; of the branchlets imbricate,
smaller, obovate, very abruptly cuspidate, the cusp longer, the base
obliquely cuneate. Spikes 4 — 9 mm. long, 4 mm. broad; sporophylla
of the upper plane oblique, oblong, to 4 mm. long, shortly mucronulate-
acuminate, minutely serrulate towards the apex, for the rest shortly
appresso-ciliolate, keeled, the keel serrulate; of the lower plane less
oblique, deltoid-ovate, unequal-sided, shortly cuspidate-mucronate, ciliolate,
the lower much the largest; macrospores when young ivory-white or
cream-yellow, when ripe yellow-brown or castaneous, minutely punctulate
with deciduous, hj^aline, papilliform projections; microspores ochraceous,
densely but very minutely verruculose.

Negros.

Suhevoaae.

(140a) See No. 162a.

(144a) S. ¥idalii, mevon., Leafl., VI, 2032.

Shoots ascending or erect, subtufted, to 6 cm. long, 1 — 3 cm. broad,

2-pinnate from the base, the stem to 'A mm. thick, 2 'A mm. broad

244 APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA.

including the lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets I'A mm. broad. Leaves
heteromorphous; lateral leaves rather remote on the stem, contiguous on
the branchlets; of the stem spreading or more ascending, ovate-oblong,
blunt or bluntish, the upper side minutely serrulate towards the apex,
gradually shortly spinuloso-ciliate towards the rotundate-cuneate base, the
lower side obscurely serrulate towards the apex, entire towards the
gradually narrowed base, the largest leaves 2 mm. long by 1 mm. broad;
of the branchlets smaller, suberect; intermedial leaves erect, subfalcate-
ovate, shortly mucronate-acuminate, very minutely serrulate, the inner
side narrowly pellucid-margined, the base adnate, obliquely rotundate-
cuneate, or narrowly rotundate-truncate on the outer side; of the stem
the largest, 1 mm. long. Spikes solitary, 3 — 6 mm. long, I'A mm broad;
sporophylla of the upper plane spreading, elongate-oblong, bluntish, to VU
mm. long, keeled, the upper side narrowly pellucid-margined, sparingly
and minutely serrulate towards the apex, ciliolate towards the base, the
keel minutely serrulate; of the lower plane ascending, triangular-ovate,
long-acute, spinuloso-ciliolate, slightly keeled ; macrospores bright-yellow or
yellow- white, or ochraceous- white, smooth, opaque; microspores minium-
red or ferrugineous, smooth.
Mindanao.

(145) S. philipplna, Spring} — var. longiciliata, Hieron.,
Leaf!., VI, 2082.

War. longiciliata: Lateral leaves longer acuminated; sporo-
phylla of the lower plane longer ciliated. — Luzon.

(145a) See No. 1496.

(149a) S. ilofiteleyi, Hieron., Leaf!., VI, 2084.

Shoots erect, or ascending from a short-creeping base, 8^10 cm.
long, 8-pinnate from the base, the stem compresso-terete, stramineous,
grooved when dry, Vj— 'A mm. thick, 2V2 mm. broad including the lateral
leaves; pinnae to 3 cm. long, the rachis I'A— 2 mm. broad; ultimate
branchlets very short, to 1 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral
leaves oblique, remote; of the stem oblique-ovate or ovate-oblong, acute
or subacuminate, pellucid-margined, the upper side minutely serrulate
towards the apex, otherwise remotely ciliate, rotundate at the base, the
lower side entire or subentire, obsoletely denticulate towards the apex,

APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA. 245

rotundate-cuneate at the base, the largest leaves 2 mm. long by %— 1
mm. broad; of the branchlets similar but more ascending, smaller, more
narrowed at the base; intermedial leaves erect, oblique-ovate, acutely
subcuspidate-acuminate, narrowly pellucid-margined and more or less
sparingly serrulate on both sides, the outer base narrowly rounded, the
inner base rotundate-cuneate; of the stem the largest, IV* mm. long,
Spikes solitary, terminal, or apparently lateral (on rudimentary branchlets)
4 — 7 mm. long, V/i mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane oblique
ovate, to I'A mm. long, acute, keeled, the upper side rather pellucid
margined, remotely ciliolate; of the lower plane suberect, deltoid-ovate
acuminate, remotely ciliate; macrospores ivory-white or yellowish-white
opaque, very minutely granulate; microspores red or safifrony, smooth.
Negros.

(1496) S. Lilanosii (Llanoiis), Bieron., Leaf!., VI, 2039.

Shoots erect, or ascending from a short-creeping base, 5 — 15 cm.
long, IV2 — 3V2 cm. broad, the lower part simple (stipitiform) or sparingly
branched, the upper part 2-pinnate, the stem subcompresso-terete, IV2 mm.
thick, stramineous-green or pale-yellow-brown, when dry more or less
distinctly grooved down the upper side, 2V2 mm. broad including the
lateral leaves; pinnae sparingly pinnate; ultimate branchlets I'A mm.
broad. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral leaves remote on the stem,
contiguous or approximate on the branchlets; of the stem subspreading,
oblong, nearly equal-sided, subacuminate, the upper side minutely serrulate
towards the apex, otherwise deciduously ciliate, broadly rounded at the
base, the lower side entire or very minutely or indistinctly serrulate,
provided with 0 — 2 very short ciliae at the rotundate-cuneate base, the
largest leaves r/2 mm. long by about 'A as broad; of the branchlets more
oblique, smaller, nearly equally rotundate-cuneate on both sides at the
base; intermedial leaves erect; of the stem rather remote, ovate, acuminate,
very minutely or indistinctly serrulate towards the apex, the outer side
minutely serrulate, provided with 0 — 2 very short ciliae at the produced,
narrowly rotundate-truncate and subauriculate base, the inner side remotely
deciduously ciliate, rotundate-cuneate at the base, the largest leaves Vk
mm. long; of the branchlets imbricate, smaller, sparingly ciliate and
serrulate, obliquely subrotuudate-cuneate at the base. Spikes solitary,
3—7 mm. long, 1 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane oblique,
obliquely and shortly deltoid-oblong, acute, keeled, to 1 mm. long, the upper

246 APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA.

side sparingly ciliolate in the lower part, remotely serrulate in the upper
part; of the lower plane ascending, broadly deltoid-ovate, acuminate,
ciliate, somewhat keeled; microspores minium-red or subferrugineous,

smooth; macrospores

Sibuyan Island.

(150a) $i. Iloinbroni, Miefon., Leafl., YI, 2037.

Shoots ascending or suberect from a short-creeping base, to 10 — 15
cm. long, 2V2 — 4V2 cm. broad, the lower part sparingly branched, the
upper part 3-pinnate, the stem compressed, convex beneath, when dry
copiously grooved above, stramineous or stramineous-green, 'A — 1 mm.
thick, 3V2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; ultimate branchlets
2 — 2Vj mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous; lateral leaves remote, much
ascending; of the stem obliquely ovate-oblong, bluntish or subacute,
unequal-sided, the upper side remotely and minutely serrulate, very sparingly
ciliolate towards the rotundate-cuneate base, narrowly pellucid-margined,
the lower side entire or subentire, or very minutely serrulate towards
the apex, narrow at the base, the largest leaves 2V2 mm. long by 1 mm.
broad; of the branchlets similar but smaller, more narrowed at the base;
intermedial leaves erect, oblique-ovate, acute or acuminate, remotely and
minutely serrulate, very narrowly pellucid-margined, the outer base
cuneately produced, the inner base rounded or rotundate-cuneate; of the
main stem the largest, I'h mm. long. Spikes 4—7 mm. long, 2 — 3 mm.
broad; sporophylla of the upper plane much spreading, elongate-lanceolate-
oblong, to 2Vj mm. long, acute or acuminate, keeled, the upper side
remotely ciliolate, sparingly serrulate at the apex, the keel sparingly
serrulate; of the lower plane suberect, deltoid-ovate, acute, remotely
ciliolate, sparingly serrulate at the apex, slightly keeled; macrospores
ochraceous-white or yellow, smooth; microspores red or subferrugineous,
smooth.

Luzon.

(159a) S. E8Ch«cholzll, Hiet-on., Leafl., YI, 2041.

Shoots flaccid, erect from a short-creeping base, 15 — 30 cm. long,
2—4 cm. broad, the lower part simple or sparingly branched, the upper
part 2-pinnate, or rarely forked with 2-pinnate fork-branches, the stem
1 mm. thick, compresso-terete, when dry often grooved above, stramineous,
3V» — 4V2 mm. broad including the lateral leaves; pinnae ascending, pinnate

APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA. 247

with 1 — 3 branchlets on a side; ultimate branchlets 2V2 mm. broad.
Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral leaves remote on te stem, less so on the
branches, whether or not contiguous on the branchlets; of the stem
oblique-ovate, horizontal or spreading, bluntish, unequal-sided, the upper
side pellucid-margined, minutely serrulate, broadly rounded or subcordate
at the base, the lower side subentire, or obsoletely serrulate-denticulate
towards the apex, truncate-rotundate at the base, the largest leaves
2V2 mm. long, TA mm. broad; of the branchlets more oblique, smaller,
nearly equal-sided, rotundate-cuneate at the base; intermedial leaves erect;
of the stem ovate, more or less sparingly serrulate, narrowly pellucid-
margined towards the shortly cuspidate-acuminate apex, the cusp V« — 'A
as long as the blade, the base obliquely rounded or subcordate, the
largest leaves I'A mm. long; of the branchlets smaller, with the cusp
proportionally longer. Spikes sohtary, short, r/2 mm. broad; sporophylla
of the upper plane spreading, oblong, subacute, minutely serrulate, keeled,
narrowly pellucid-margined on the upper side, to 2 mm. long; of the lower
plane erect or suberect, deltoid-ovate, acuminate, minutely serrulate; macro-
spores yellowish-white or yellow, opaque, very minutely punctulate-verru-
culose, nearly smooth; microspores minium-red or orange, the projections
crowded, tuberculate or subcapitate. — A duplicate of Elmer's No. 14267,
received as S. Wormskioldii Hieron., agrees nearly absolutely with this.
Luzon.

(159&) li. Iforiiijskioldii, Miet-on., Leafl., YI, 2064.

Hieronymus gives no description of this. — A duplicate of Elmer's
No. 14267 differs from that, mentioned under S. Eschscholtzii Hieron., in
having the stem 7 mm. more or less broad including the lateral leaves,
the ultimate branchlets 3 — 8V2 mm. broad, consequently the lateral leaves
larger, those of the stem 8V2 mm. long by 2 mm. broad, the macrospores
more distinctly provided with numerous minutely verruculiform or shortly
ruguUform projections.

Luzon.

(161) !S. arislnta, Springt — var. brevifoUa, Hieron., Leafl., VI,
2045; — var. obtusifolia, Hieron., 1. c, 2046.

War. bi'cvifolia: Lateral leaves shorter, obhque-ovate, less
unequal-sided, subacute; spikes somewhat narrower, 2 mm. broad; sporo-
phylla of the upper plane shorter, subacute. — Luzon, Negros.

248 APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA.

Var. obtuslfolia: Lateral leaves shorter, oblique-ovate, blunt,
less unequal-sided, not pellucid-margined; sporophylla of the upper plane
longer. — Negros.

(162a) S. Pickrinsii, Mieron., Leaf!., VI, 2046.

Shoots erect, or ascending from a short-creeping base, 5 — 12 cm.
long, the lower part simple or dichotomous, the upper part 2 — 3-pinnate,
the stem compresso-terete, to 1 mm. thick, stramineous-green or pale-
brown, when dry grooved, 4—5 mm. broad including the lateral leaves;
branchlets very short, 2 mm. broad. Leaves heteromorphous ; lateral
leaves horizontal on the stem, ascending on the branchlets; of the stem
remote, obliquely ovate, unequal-sided, indistinctly spuriously veined,
bluntish, both sides minutely serrulate and very narrowly subpellucid-
margined, the upper base broadly rounded or cordate, the lower base
narrowly rotundate-truncate, the largest leaves 2'A mm. long, Vh mm.
broad; of the branchlets smaller, less remote, nearly equally rotundate-
cuneate at the base; intermedial leaves erect, ovate, long-cuspidate-
acuminate, the cusp Vj as long to as long as the blade, the sides minutely
serrulate, very narrowly subpellucid -margined, the base obliquely rotundate-
cuneate; of the stem the largest, IV2 — VU mm. long. Spikes solitary,
5 — 15 mm. long, I'A — 2 mm. broad; sporophylla of the upper plane
spreading, to I'A mm. long, oblique-ovate, bluntish or subacute, keeled,
the upper side minutely serrulate and very narrowly pellucid-margined;
of the lower plane suberect, broadly deltoid-ovate, long-acuminate, minutely
serrulate, keeled; macrospores sublilacinous-white or pale-brownish, very
minutely punctulate-verruculose, nearly smooth, opaque; microspores
minium-red or subferrugineous, smooth.

Negros.

PLEIOSTELICAE.

(182a) S. davaoensiis, Uieron., Leaf!., VI, 2053.

Shoots erect or ascending from a creeping base, 60 — 75 cm. long,
the lower part simple, stipitiform, not rarely provided with a few short,
distant branchlets, the upper part 2-pinnate, the stem 3-stelical, to I'A
mm. thick, when dry grooved and stramineous-brown; pinnae remote,

APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA. 249

oblique, lanceolate, to 10 — 20 cm. long, 2—5 cm. broad, the rachis 4 mm.
broad including the lateral leaves; branchlets 4 mm. broad at the base,
narrowed rather gradually towards the apex. Leaves heteromorphous;
lateral leaves very remote on the stem, less so on the secondary rachises,
approximate on the branchlets; of the stem oblique, obliquely suboblong-
ovate, hardly unequal-sided, shortly acuminate, entire, the upper base
rounded, the lower base rotundate-truncate, the largest leaves 3 mm.
long, V/i mm. broad; of the branches suboblique-oblong, obsoletely den-
ticulate towards the mucronulate apex, very narrowly pellucid-margined,
the upper side rotundate-cuneate in the lower half, plicate-subauriculate
at the base, the lower side subcordate-truncate or truncate-rotundate, the
largest leaves 2V2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad; of the branchlets smaller,
more narrowed and hardly plicate at the base; intermedial leaves erect;
of the stem remote, subfalcate-ovate, acuminate, entire, shortly 2-auriculate
at the base, the outer auricle a little produced, subhamate-incurvate ; of
the branches falcate-ovate, long-acuminate, subcuspidate, entire, narrowly
pellucid-margined, very obliquely adnate at the base, the outer base
rounded and more or less decurrent, the inner base narrowed; of the
branchlets imbricate, cuneate-decurrent on the outer side at the base.
Spikes solitary, 5 — 15 mm. long, IV2 mm. diam. ; sporophylla deltoid-ovate,
to 2 mm. long, acuminate, slightly keeled, narrowly pellucid-margined;
microspores cream-yellow, provided with crowded stipitate-capitate pro-
jections; macrospores

Mindanao.

(194a) S. l¥hitrorflii, Miet-on., Leafl., VI, 2061.

Shoots divaricating-scandent, 1 — 8 m. long, the lower part probably
one or more times forked, the stem to 2 cm. thick, 3 — 5-stelical, fragile,
pale-ochraceous or stramineous-green, the secondary shoots sub-4-pinnate ;
pinnae ovate, the rachis 4 mm. broad including the lateral leaves;
ultimate branchlets IV2 — 3 mm. broad. Leaves entire; leaves of the stem
remote, the lower subisomorphous; lateral leaves obliquely falcate-ovate,
more or less acute, unequal-sided, narrowly 2-auriculate-cordate at the
base, to 4V2 mm. long, to 2 mm. broad; intermedial leaves nearly similar
but less unequal-sided, to 4V2 mm. long, to I'A mm. broad; leaves of the
branches heteromorphous; lateral leaves very oblique and somewhat
remote on the secondary rachises, less oblique and close or imbricate on
the ultimate branchlets; of the secondary rachises falcate-ovate, bluntly

250 APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA.

short-acuminate, the upper base plicate-auriculate, the lower base truncate-
cordate to truncate-cuneate, the largest leaves 3 mm. long, I'A mm.
broad; of the branchlets smaller, blunt or bluntish, not or only slightly
phcate on the upper base; intermedial leaves erect, remote on the
secondary rachises, imbricate on the ultimate branchlets; of the secondary
rachises falcate-oval, bluntish, obliquely truncate-subcordate at the base,
to 2 mm. long, to ^U mm. broad; of the branchlets smaller, bluntly short-
acuminate, the outer base rotundate-truncate, the inner base narrowed.
Spikes sohtary, 'A — IVz cm. long, I'A mm. diam.; sporophylla rather
broadly deltoid-ovate, shortly acuminate, hardly keeled, entire or subentire,
or obsoletely denticulate towards the base; macrospores whitish to dark-
yellow-brown, densely verrucose; microspores whitish or cream-yellow,
densely verruculose, the projections tuberculiform or shortly cylindrical,
the latter not rarely thickened at the apex. — A form received as var.
mindorensis Hieron. differs from the type principally by its proportionally
longer and narrower leaves on the stem and principal rachises.
Mindanao, Negros, Mindoro.

(201a) S. Usteri, Hieron., Leaf!., VI, 2055.

Shoots ascending or erect, to 100 cm. long, the lower part simple,
stipitiform, to 4 mm. thick, smooth or somewhat roughish, 5 — 9-stelical,
laterally grooved when dry, greenish, stramineous or pale-brown, the
upper part copiously 3-pinnate or sub-4-pinnate, not rarely provided vrith
accessory pinnae springing from the axils of the pinnae ; pinnae ascending,
rather remote, to 25 cm. long by 7V2 cm. broad, the rachis 5 mm. broad
including the lateral leaves; accessory pinnae articulated at the base;
ultimate branchlets 8 — 4 mm. broad at or towards the base, narrowed
gradually towards the apex. Leaves entire; leaves of the stipe very
remote, subisomorphous, erect or suberect, nearly straight or falcate,
oblong-ovate or triangular-oblong, bluntish or subacute, 2-auriculate at the
base, the auricles more or less hamate-incurvate, the largest leaves to
8 mm. long, to Vi as broad; leaves of the branches heteromorphous;
axillary leaves 2-auriculate at the base, the lower broadly deltoid-cordate
or ovate-cordate with the auricles slightly incurved, the higher cuneate-
spathulate or cuneate-obovate with the auricles plicate; lateral leaves
approximate or contiguous, subspreading or suberecto-patent; of the
secondary rachises falcate-ovate, unequal-sided, bluntish to subacuminate,
the upper side cuneate-rotundate in the lower half, auricled at the base,

APPENDIX. 103. SELAGINELLA. 251

the auricle broadly adnata, decurrent, conspicuously plicate, the lower side
truncate-rotundate or truncate-cordate at the base, the largest leaves 4 mm.
long by IV2 — V/i mm. broad; of the branchlets smaller, the auricle less
conspicuously plicate; intermedial leaves erect; of the pinnae obliquely
subfalcate-ovate, bluntish, the base obliquely adnate, produced and auriculate-
cordate on the outer side, rounded or slightly rotundate-cordate on the inner
side, the largest 2 mm. long; of the branchlets smaller, bluntly acuminate,
subauriculate-rotundate on the outer side at the -base. Spikes solitary,
5 — 20 mm. long, 2 mm. diam.; sporophylla broadly deltoid-ovate, to 2
mm. long, shortly acuminate, entire, keeled; macrospores cream-yellow,
verruculose; microspores white or yellowish- white, provided with reticulated?
but often interrupted, wing-shaped crests.
Mindanao, Leyte.

(2016) See No. 194a.

INDEX.

INDEX.

Ascendentes (Selaginella). . 59, 82

Azolla 11

africana, Desv 11

japonica, Fr. & Sav 11

pinnata, R. Br 11

Bisulcatae (Selaginella) ... 60, 173

Boreoselaginella . . 60

Brachystachyao (Selaginella) 60, 192

Caulescentes (Selaginella) . 59, 124

Cernua (Lycopodium) ..... 29, 47

Clavata (Lycopodium) .... 29, 46

Deoumbentes (Selaginella). 59, 63

Diphasium 29, 49

Equisetaceae 16

Equisetum 16

debile, Rb 17

ramosissimum, Desf. 17

ramosum, Schleich 17

iimorianum, Vauch 17

Eu-azoUa 11

Eu-equisetum 17

Eumarsilea 5, 6

Euphlegmaria 28, 40

Euselaginella 60

Euselago 28, 29

Heterophyllum 58

Heterostachys 60, 156

Hippochaete 16, 17

Homoeophyllum 60

Homoeostachys 59, 62

Inundata (Lycopodium) 29

Intertextae (Selaginella) . , 60, 156

Isophyllum 60

Lateralia (Lycopodium) 28

Lepidotis 28, 46

Lycopodiaceae 27

Lycopodium 27

acrostachyum, Wall. ...... 36

aloifolium, Wall 32

apiculatum. Spring 41

argenteum, Wall 127

atroviride, Wall 79

australianum, Hert 33

barbatum, Klf. 227

Beccarii, v. A. v. R 31

Belangeri, Bory 172

Blumeanum, de Vr 34

bolanicum, Rst 32

brachystachyum, Hk. & Grev. 194

caesium, hort 68

caespitosum, El 64

canaliculatum, Gaud 222

capillaceum, Willd 47

carinatum, Desv 35, 36

var. laxum 35

carolinianum, L 50

casuarinoides, Spring 49

caudifolium, v. A. v. R. . . . 33

caulescens, Wall 137

cemuum, L 47

var. curvatum 48

chrysocaulon, Hk. dt Grev. . 189

256

INDEX.

Lycopodium.

circinale, Lam. 63

cirdnale, Thb 137

clavatum, L 46

complanatum, L 51, 52

coralium, Spring 44

cupressinum, Willd 141

curvaium, Bl 47

curvatum, Sw 48

Dalhousianum, Spring 87

debile, Bory 231

dichotomum, Bl 84

divaricatum, Wall 46

divergens, v. A. v. R 45

Durvillaei, Bory 225

epicifolium, Desv 37

ericinum, Ces 47

Everettii, Hert 33

filiforme, Rb 44

flagellaceum, Kuhn 38

flagellaria, Bory 36

glaucum, Ces 37

goliathense, v. A. v. R 31

gunturense, v. A. v. R. . . . 36

Hamiltonii, Spring 32

Hellwigii, Warb 45

hippuris, Desv. . 32, 84, 37, 39

Hookeri, Wall 87

horizontale, v. A. v. R 42

inaequifolium, Hk. & Grev.. 220

intermedium, Bl 77, 109

involvens. Sic 62, 137

javanicum. Sic 30

Lauterbachii, Pritz 38

laxum, Spring 35, 36

Macgregorii, Bk 32

Magnusianum, Hert 39

marianum, Desv 47

Lycopodium.

marianum, Willd 47

microstachyum, Desv 136

miniatum, Bk 31

miniatum, Spring 31

mirabile, Willd .... 44

myosuroides, Klf. 188

nummularifolium, Bl. ..... . 43

ornatum, Hk. dt Grev 194

pachystachyon, Spring 45

var. phyllanton 46

pachystachyum. Spring 45

. pendulinum, Pritz 47

pendulum, Hk 47

penicilliferum, v. A. v. R. . 50

phlegmaria, L 44

var. divaricatum 45

phlegmarioides. Gaud 43

phyllanton, Hk. <& Am • 46

phyllantum, Hk. & Am. 45, 46

planum, Desv 215

pinifolium, Bl 41, 42, 44

Pouzolzianum, Gaud 217

proliferum, Bl 36

pseudo-piilegmaria, Kuhn. . . 43

reflexum, Lam 33

reflexum, Schk 30

reticulatum, Hk. <& Grev. . . . 229

rigidum, Bl 31

rotundifolium. Wall 43

rupicolum, v. A. v. R. . . . 40

sabinifolium, Bl 51

salaktnse, Treub 47

Sarasinorum, Christ 35

scariosum, Forst 52

serpens, Desv 64

serratum, Thb 30

setaceum, Hamilt 33

INDEX.

257

Lycopodium.

setaceu7n, Lam 32

setifolium, v. A. v. R 42

spectabile^ Bl ... 52

squarrosum, Forst. 34, 36,

37, 89, 40

stipulatum, Bl 204

subulifolium, Wall 33

tamariscispica, Ces 46

tamariscinum, Desv 63

tetrastichum, Kze. . .... 35, 36

ffmyioides, Bl 51

tricJiiatuni, Bl 46

ulicifolium, Vent 37

uncinatum, Desv 68

verticillatum, L. f. 32

volubile, Forst 52

Vrieseanum, Spring 41

var. majus 42

rmlcanicum, Bl 48

WaUichii, Hk. S Gr&o. .. . 211

Willdenowii, Desv 214

Wightianum, Wall 51

Zollingeri, Hort 33

Marsilea (Marsilia) 5

coromandeliana, Willd 6

coromandelica, Burm 6

coromandelina, Willd 6

crenata, Pr 7

crenulata, Desv 7

erosa, Willd 6

Mearnsii, Christ 7

minuta, L. . 6, 7

quadrata, A. Br 6

Marsileaceae 5

Monostelicae (Selaginella) . 59, 62

Phlegmaria 28, 38

Phlegmariopsis 28, 38

Fern Allies.

Pleiostelicae (Selaginella). . 60, 196

Psilotaceae 23

Psilotum 24

capillare, Bl 24

complanatum, Sw 24

flaccidum, Wall 24

triquetrum, Sw 24

Zollingeri, Ces 34

Pubescentes (Selaginella). . 60, 144

Radicantes (Selaginella) . . 59, 66

Rhizosperma 11

Rhopalostachys 28, 46

Rosulantes (Selaginella). . . 59, 62

Salvinia. . 10

natans, Hoffm 10

Sprengelii, Cor da. 10

verticillata, Rb 10

Salviniaceae 10

Selaginella 58

acutangula, Spring 73

aenea, Warb 139

albomarginata, Warb 139

alligans, Hieron 237

alopecuroides, Bk 69

alutacea. Spring . 159

anceps, Pr 141

angustiramea, Muell. & Bk. 149

apoensis, Hieron 241

argentea, Spring 127

argusanensis, Hieron 239

aristata. Spring 191, 247

ascendens, v. A. v. R 113

aspericaulis, A. Br 210

aspericaitUs, Warb 209

atroviridis. Spring .... 77, 79

auriculata. Spring 80

axillifolia, v. A. v. R 203

Bacanii, Hieron 93

17

258

INDEX.

Selaginella.

banajaoensis, Hieron 90

bancana, Warb 167

barbata, Spring 227, 228

Beccariana, Bk 174

Belangeri, Spring 172

beUula, Ces 187

bidiensis, Hieron 222

biformis, A. Br 147

billitonensis, v. A. v. R. . . . 116

birarensis, Kuhn 182

Blumei, Spring 230

bluuensis, v. A. v. R 108

Boschai, Hieron 186

Braunii, Bk 146

Brausei, Hieron 140

brachyblepharis, v. A. v. R. 76
brachystachya, Spring . . . . 194

var. ornata. 194

var. polyura 195

brevipes, A. Br 127

brevipinna, v. A. v. R 165

Brooksii, Hieron 70

bryopteris, Bk 63

Burbidgei, Bk 167, 170

Burkei, Hieron 155

caesia, hori 68

caespitosa, Spring 64

calcicola, Hieron 158

calophylla, Warb 229

canaliculata, Bk 215, 217

var. d' Urvillei 225

caudata, Spring 215

var. Durvillaei 225

caudispica, v. A. v. R 135

caulescens, Spring 136, 1S7,

138, 228

var. argentea 127

Selaginella.

cavemicola, Hieron 114

ceratocaulos, v. A. v. R. . . 238

cerebriformis, v. A. v. R. . . 187

Cesatii, Hieron 122

chrysocaulos, Spring 189

ciliaris, Ces 164

circinalis, Pr 137

confertissima, v. A. v. R. . . 72

convolvens, v. A. v. R. ... 62

Copelandii, Hieron 106

cuemosen&is, Hieron 240

Cumingiana, Pr. . 180

Cumingiana, Spring 87

cupressina, Spring 140, 147, 240

Dahlii, Hieron 148

d'Albertisii, Hieron 153

d'Armandvillei, v. A. v. R. 193

davaoensis, Hieron 248

debilis, Ces 141

debilis, Spring 191, 281

decipiens, Warb 182

denuana, v. A. v. R 223

Dielsii, Hieron 77

d'Urvillei, A. Br 219, 225

var. aspericaulis 209

elegantissima, Warb 184

elliptica, v. A. v. R 212

Elmeri, Hieron 118

Engleri, Hieron 215

Eschscholzii, Hieron. . . 246, 247

eurycephala, Warb 161

exasperata, A. Br 168

fallax, Hieron 100

Fenixii, Hieron 92

fimbriata. Spring 194, 195

var. brevi folia 195

var. polyura 195

Selaginella.
fimbrillifera, v. A. v. R. . .

flnium, V. A. V. R

flabcllata, Bk

flabellata, Spring 141,

flabelloides, Warb

frondosa, Warb

fulvicaulis, Hieron

furcillifolia, Hieron

gastrophylla, Warb

Gaudicliaudiana, Spring . . .
Grabowskyi, v. A. v. R. ...
Grabowskyi, Warb. 109, 110,

gracilis, Moore

grandis, Moore

Gregoryi, Hieron

Griffitliii, Spring

Guichenotii, Hieron... 215,

halconensis, Hieron

Hallieri, v. A. v. R

Hellwigii, Hieron. ...

Hewittii, Hieron

Hieronymi, v. A. v. R

Hieronymiana, v. A. v. R. .

Hindsii, Hieron

hirticaulis, Warb

HoUrungii, Hieron

Hombroni, Hieron

Hosei, Hieron

humifusa, Hieron

hypacantha, A. Br

inaequifolia. Spring

infantensis, Hieron

integrifolia, v. A. v. R

intermedia, Hieron. . . . 109,

intermedia, Spring

intertexta, Spring

involucrata, Warb

INDEX. 259

Selaginella.

involvens, Hieron 137, 138

var. d'Albertisii 153

involvens. Spring 62

Jagorii, Warb 130

javanica, Klotz.

var. gracilior 195

Junghuhniana, Spring 178

karimatae, v. A. v. R 167

Karnbachii, Hieron 179

Kerstingii, Hieron 97

ketra-ayam, v. A. v. R. . . . 185

Kittyae, v. A. v. R 214

Kiinstleri, Bk 162

lacerata, Warb 201

laevigata. Spring 214

lanceolata, Warb 173

langirensis, v. A. v. R 75

latifrons, Warb. 133

latupana, v. A. v. R. ..... 207

Lauterbachii, Hieron 170

lepida, Hieron 186

leytensis, Hieron 141

Llanoiis, Hieron 245

Llanosii, Hieron 245

Lobbii, Bk 212

Lobbii, Moore 221

longaristata, Hieron 81

longaristata, v. A. v. R 75

longiciliata, Hieron 163

longirostris, v. A. v. R. . . 74

longipes, v. A. v. R 87

longistipes, v. A. v. R 87

lonko-batu, Hieron. & v. A.

V. R 78

Loriai, Hieron 168

luzonensis, Hieron 130

macroblepharis, Warb 179

202
132

142

142

132

216

206

205 i

222 I

77
116
209
106
102
127
216

96
172
151
206
146
152
220
147
183
246
113
164
209
220

91

89
110

77
171

71

260

INDEX.

Selaginella.

magniflca, Warb 108, 239

marosensis, v A. v. R... . 154

maxima, v. A. v. R 225

Mayeri, Hieron 203

Mearnsii, Hieron 242

megalura, Hieron 211

- megaphylla, Bk 192

melanesica, Kuhn 152

membranifolia, v. A. v. R. . 166

Merrillii, v. A. v. R 134

Meyenii, Hieron 99

microstachya, Warb 136

minnfifolia, Ces 152

monospora, Bk 216

Moseleyi, Hieron 244

Moszkowslcii, Hieron 104

motiensis, Hieron . 210

Muelleri, Bk. 228

muricata, Ces. 218

myosuroides, Pr 129

myosuroides. Spring. . . 188, 189

Neei, Hieron 91

negrosensis, Hieron. ..... . 236

novae-guineae, Hieron 123

nummularia, "Warb 229

nutans, Warb 128

Nymani, Hieron 210

obesa, Bk 119

oligophylla, Warb 160

oligostachya, Bk. . . . 229

opaca, Warb . . , 174

ornata, Spring 194

padangensis, Hieron 224

paraguana, Hieron 110

parvifolia, v. A. v. R Ill

parvifrons, v. A. v. R 131

Paxil, Hieron 112

Selaginella.

pennula, Spring 126, 141

pentagona. Spring 143

Perkinsiae, Hieron 236

permutata, Hieron 212

forma viridi folia 214

pervaga, Hieron 243

phanotricha, Bk 164

philippina, Spring. . . . 180, 244

Pickringii, Hieron 248

pinangensis. Spring 227

plana, Hieron 215

platyphylla, Veitch 106

plicata, V. A. V. R 218

plumea. Spring 102

plumosa, Pr. 80

polyblepharis, Warb 180

polystachya, Hieron 22

polyura, Warb. . . . 134

Posewitzii, Hieron 121

Pouzolziana,- Spring 216

Presliana, Spring 126

proniflora, Bk 172, 229

pteriphyllos, Spring .... 129

punctata, A. Br 216

pungentifolia, v. A. v. R. . . 134

Quadrasii, Hieron 88, 238

radicata, Bk 174, 175

Ramosii, Hieron .... 101

remotifolia. Spring 71, 235

repens, v. A. v. R 73

reticulata. Spring 229

Ridleyi, Bk 226

rugulosa, Ces . 72

Rothertii, v. A. v. R 160

sambasensis, Hieron 117

Sancti Antonii, Hieron. ... 97
sarawakensis, Hieron 80

INDEX.

261

Selaginella. •

SchefFeri, Hieron. . 186

Schildei, Hierou 212

Sclilechteri, Hieron 219

Schumann!, Hieron 65

serpens, Spring 64

sibogana, v. A. v. R 110

sibuyanensis, Hieron 94

similis, Kuiin 103

simpokalcensis, Hieron. . . . 122

singalanensis, Hieron 175

Sonneratii, Hieron 148

spinulosa, Bk 169

Springiana, v. A. v. R 77

stipulata. Spring 204

striolata, Warb 138

strobiformis, Warb. 191

subcalcarata, v. A. v. R. . . 189

suberecta, Bk 228

suberosa, Spring 188

subflmbriata, v. A. v. R. . . 195

subserpentina, v. A. v. R. 117

subspinulosa. Spring. ... 169

suff'ruticosa, v. A. v. R. . . . 143
sumatrana, Hieron. & v. A.

V. R 79

sungemagneana, v. A. v. R.

115, 116

tamariscina, Spring 63

tenera. Spring 191, 231

tenuifolia. Spring 190

Teysmanni, Hieron. . . . . 184

Toppingii, Hieron 95

torricelliana, v. A. v. R. . . 64

trichobasis, Bk 102

trinervia, Spring 127

Selaginella.

tylophora, v. A. v. R 201

ujensis, Hieron 161

uncinata. Spring 68

Usteri, Hieron 250

Vanvuureni, v. A. v. R. . . . 116

velutina, Ces 210

Victoriae, Moore 281

Vidalii, Hieron 243

viridangula, Spring 208

Vogelii, Spring 145

Wallichii, Spring, 204, 211, 212

var. polystachya 212

wahauensis, Hieron 120

Warburgii, Hieron. . . .136

wariensis, Hieron 154

Weinlandii, Hieron 169

Whitfordii, Hieron 249

Wigmanii, v. A. v. R 105

Willdenoioii, A. Br 218

Willdenowii, Bk 214, 215

Winkleri, Hieron 162

Wormskioldii, Hieron 247

Wrayi, Bk 280

Zahnii, Hieron 181

Zollingeriana, Spring . ... 178

Selaginellaceae 57

Selago 28, 29

Suberosae (Selaginella) ... 60, 176

Subselaginella 58

Subselago 28, 84

Tmesipteris 23

tanensis, Bernh 23

Urostachys 27, 29

Zalusianskya 5

CORRECTIONS, ADDITIONS

AND

EXPLANATIONS.

p. 5, 1. 3 fr. b.; for ZALUSIANSKAYA. — read ZALUSIANSKYA.

P. 52, 1. 10 fr. b.; for rows; — read planes;

P. 65, 1. 9 et passim; for of the branchlets similar etc.

read of the branchlets similar to those of the
stem (or the stipe, the main rachis, etc.)

etc.

P. 66; S. ceratocaulos. — Insert See the Appendix.
P. 68, 1. 11 fr. b; for Desv., — read Desv.,

P. 70, 1. 2 — 1 fr. b. et passim; for sporophylla uniform (or isomorphous,

subisomorphous) but those of the
lower plane (or the ventral, the
posterior) somewhat larger, . . . etc.

read sporophylla etc

somewhat larger than the others
(or the dorsal, the anterior),

etc.

P. 71; S. reniotifolia. — Insert See the Appendix.
P. 84, 1. 13 and 11 fr. b. should be modified as follows:
O Lateral leaves spj,riously veined.
O O Lateral leaves not spuriously veined.
P. 88; S. Quadrasii. — Insert See the Appendix.
P. 108; S. iiiagnitica. — Insert See the Appendix.
P. 191, 1. 6; for S. debilis, — read ? S. debilis,

11 fr. b.; for S. brachystachya, — read S. brachystachya,
10 fr. b.; for var. ornata, — read var. ornata,
2 fr. b.; for S. proniflora, — read S. proniflora,
18 et passim. — „(20a) See No. 11." means that No. 11 shows
characteristics urging a place for it in the
keys as No. 20(/ as well.

P. 194, 1

1,

P. 229, 1

P. 237, 1

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