Biology 590.5 Fl N.S. no. 110(2006)! h IELDI ANA Zoology NEW SERIES, NO. 110 Mammals and Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru Bruce D. Patterson Douglas F. Stotz Sergio Solari November 10,2006 Publication 1542 MAR 2 6 2007 PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Nfct FIELDIANA Zoology NEW SERIES, NO. 110 Mammals and Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru Bruce D. Patterson Mac Arthur Curator of Mammals Department of Zoology Field Museum of Natural History 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 U.S.A. Sergio Solari Doctoral Candidate Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock, Texas 79409-3131 U.S.A. Accepted June 23, 2006 Published November 10, 2006 Publication 1542 Douglas F. Stotz Conservation Ecologist Environmental and Conservation Programs Field Museum of Natural History 1400 South Lake Shore Dr Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 U.S.A. PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY B10L06Y LIBRARY 101 WflfflU-KALL MW ? 6 2007 © 2006 Field Museum of Natural History ISSN 0015-0754 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Contents Abstract 1 Biological Surveys and Inventories in Manu 3 Bruce D. Patterson, Douglas F. Stotz, and Sergio Solari Mammals of the Manu Biosphere Reserve 13 Sergio Solari, Victor Pacheco, Lucia Luna, Paul M. Velazco, and Bruce D. Patterson Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve 23 Barry Walker, Douglas F. Stotz, Tatiana Pequeno, and John W. Fitzpatrick List of Illustrations 1 . A digital elevation model of Manu showing the elevational positions of the 8 collecting localities visited in 1999-2001 5 2. Participants of the 1999 Zoological Expeditions to Manu: (back) Douglas F. Stotz, Maximo Careche, Sergio Solari, Navidad Avendano, Matthew D. Dean, John Chavez, Lucia Luna, Jose G. Tello, Jessica Amanzo; (front) Bruce D. Patterson, Christian Albujar, Thomas P. Gnoske, Tatiana Pequeno 6 3. Participants of the 2001 Zoological Expeditions to Manu: (back) John Chavez, Carl W. Dick, Raul Cobos, Don Gettinger, Douglas F. Stotz, Bruce D. Patterson; (front) Maximo Careche, Sergio Solari, Ursula Paredes, Edith Suazo, Tatiana Pequeno, July Poma, Brian J. O'Shea 7 4. Thirty-three localities sampled for small mammals and represented by codes in Table 1 . Names and locations of these localities are given in the Gazetteer 9 Mammals and Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru Bruce D. Patterson, Douglas F. Stotz, and Sergio Solari Abstract The eastern slope of the tropical Andes and adjacent Amazonian lowlands are home to some of the world's richest biotas. Here we report on recent surveys and inventories of mammal and bird faunas in Peru's Manu National Park and Biosphere Reserve and compile these records with prior literature, museum specimens, and unpublished records to produce updated lists for both taxa. The lists of 222 species of mammals and 1005 species of birds recorded along an elevational transect in the Manu Biosphere Reserve are the largest for any similarly sized area in the world. Mammals recently documented in the reserve include 147 species, 130 with specimen vouchers. Twelve species were new to science, and most of these have been recently described; four others might be new and are currently being evaluated. Twenty-nine mammal species are newly added to Manu's list. The cumulative tally comprises 20 species of opossums, 1 shrew opossum, 2 armadillos, 5 sloths and anteaters, 92 bats, 14 primates, 21 carnivores, 1 tapir, 7 even-toed ungulates, 58 rodents, and 1 rabbit. Avian records include 682 species with specimen vouchers and another 108 documented by recognizable photographs or voice recordings. The avifauna is largely resident, including 911 species that are year-round residents, 42 migrants from the north, 24 migrants from the south or other tropical areas, and 28 vagrants (represented by fewer than three records). Resumen La vertiente oriental de los Andes y las selvas bajas adyacentes de la Amazonia alojan algunas de las biotas mas diversas del planeta. Aqui presentamos los resultados de recientes estudios e inventarios de faunas de mamiferos y aves en el Parque Nacional y Reserva de Biosfera del Manu, en Peru, y anadimos estos datos a la literatura previa, especimenes de museo y registros no publicados para producir listas actualizadas para ambos grupos. La lista de 222 especies de mamiferos y 1003 especies de aves registradas en la Reserva de Biosfera del Manu a lo largo de este transecto son las mas diversas para alguna area de tamano similar en el mundo. Los mamiferos recientemente registrados en la reserva incluyen 147 especies, de las cuales 130 estan representadas por especimenes de museo. Trece especies corresponden a especies no descritas y nuevas para la ciencia, la mayoria de ellas recientemente descritas, pero otras dos podrian ser nuevas y estan siendo actualmente evaluadas. Veintinueve especies son adiciones recientes a la lista conocida de mamiferos del Manu. El conteo acumulativo incluye 20 especies de didelfidos, 1 musarana marsupial, 5 perezosos y hormigueros, 2 armadillos, 92 murcielagos, 14 monos, 21 carnivoros, 1 tapir, 7 sajinos y venados, 58 roedores, y 1 conejo. Los registros de aves incluyen 682 especies con especimenes de museo y otras 108 documentadas por fotografias o registros de cantos reconocibles. La avifauna es mayormente residente, incluyendo 914 especies que son residentes anuales, 41 que migran desde el norte, 22 que migran desde el sur u otras areas tropicales, y 26 fuera del rango geografico normal (representadas por menos de tres registros). FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, N.S., NO. 110, NOVEMBER 10, 2006, PP. 1-49 Biological Surveys and Inventories in Manu Bruce D. Patterson,+ Douglas F. Stotz,* and Sergio Solari§ Introduction In 1973, the Peruvian government created one of the largest and most pristine nature reserves anywhere in the world. The preserve was christened "Manu" after the meandering river that courses through its lower reaches. Most of the park is situated in the lowlands of the department of Madre de Dios, although its highlands lie in the adjacent department of Cuzco. The park's origins were chronicled by Kim MacQuarrie in a beautiful book illustrated with photographs by Andre and Cornelia Bartschi (MacQuarrie, 1992, 1998). To us, it seems especially fitting that this magnificent park owes its origin to Peruvian naturalist-collector Celes- tino Kalinowski. Kalinowski was born and made his home in the Marcapata valley just south of Manu. He traveled widely in Peru and beyond, and he shipped specimens that he collected to major natural history museums the world over. However, his collections were especially strong from the region surrounding his home. The place names "Hacienda Cadena" and "Quince Mil" are well known to students of South America's vertebrate faunas. So valuable were those he * Preferred citation: Patterson, B. D., D. F. Stotz, and S. Solari. 2006. Biological surveys and inventories in Manu, pp. 3-12. In Patterson, B. D., D. F. Stotz, and S. Solari, eds., Mammals and Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru. Fieldiana: Zoology, n.s., No. 110. f MacArthur Curator of Mammals, Department of Zoology, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60506-2496, U.S.A. * Conservation Ecologist, Environmental and Con- servation Programs, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60506-2496, U.S.A. § Graduate Student, Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, U.S.A. shipped to the bird and mammal divisions of Chicago's Field Museum that the Museum sponsored his trip to Chicago to study his and other collections and to confer with the scien- tists— Colin Sanborn, Philip Hershkovitz, Mel- vin Traylor, and Emmet Blake — who were studying material that he sent here. Alarmed by growing commercial development in southeastern Peru in the 1960s, Kalinowski sought to secure governmental protection for the natural areas remaining in best condition. He actively lobbied governmental official Don Fe- lipe Benavides to advocate setting aside a "re- served zone" consisting of the entire watershed of the Manu River. He also escorted Major Ian Grimwood, an English consultant hired to locate a national reserve in the Amazon, to Manu. Although Grimwood had earlier concluded that much of Peru's Amazon forest had already been despoiled, Kalinowski opened his eyes to Manu's pristine riches. A three-week trip sufficed to convince Grimwood that Manu was the place for the reserve, and he so reported his recommen- dation to the government. A year later, in 1968, Manu was declared a national reserve, and hunting and lumbering were prohibited. In 1973, the area became a national park, ensuring its legal status and protection. In 1977, UN- ESCO recognized its global status by making the national park and an adjacent reserved zone — an area of 1,881,200 hectares — Manu Biosphere Reserve. A decade later, it was named a World Heritage Site, one of only 200 areas in the world accorded this designation (MacQuarrie, 1992). Recognition of Manu's incredible biological riches has grown hand in hand with the reference collections of its plants and animals. Seemingly, each collection made there added more species to the regional fauna; many proved to be species new to science. Despite focused biological collections in Manu for more than 50 years, this still applies today, even to the best-known vertebrate FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, N.S., NO. 110, NOVEMBER 10, 2006, PP. 3-12 groups — birds and mammals (Fitzpatrick and Willard, 1990). During the course of surveys in Manu in 1999 2001, our teams added dozens of additional bird and mammal species to the park list and collected the first-known specimens of many undescribed species of mammals. Modern surveys in the park can be traced to collections made by John W. Fitzpatrick and David E. Willard, mostly after their arrival at the Field Museum in the late 1970s. Manu had already become incorporated as a national park, and both men had completed their doctorates at Princeton University, where John Terborgh had initiated studies of Manu. Over a series of years, they visited various sites along the Eastern Versant and in isolated foothill ranges, like the Pantiacolla. Their collections and surveys con- tributed to Manu's first scientific mammal and bird inventory, organized around Terborgh's studies at Cocha Cashu (Terborgh et al., 1984). One of us (DFS) was a participant in the last of these expeditions, which took place in 1985. Remarkably, the team met Celestino Kali- nowski, who gave them a long-delayed consign- ment of specimens for the Field Museum; Kalinowski died the following year. But the collections that Fitzpatrick, Willard, and their companions made and deposited in the Field Museum and San Marcos University in Lima attracted the attention and interest of others, including the authors. In 1984, James L. Patton and colleagues from the University of California at Berkeley sampled mammals at various mon- tane sites along the Alto Madre de Dios drainage as well as in adjacent valleys of Cuzco. Between 1987 and 1992, Don E. Wilson and colleagues from the Smithsonian Institution conducted a series of studies at Pakitza, a guard station at the northeastern boundary of the park, under the auspices of Terry Erwin's BIOLAT (Biological Diversity of Latin America) program. In 1989— 1990, Victor Pacheco evaluated the mammals of Puesto de Vigilancia Acjanaco and environs as part of a team led by Kenneth Young, returning in 1991 under the aegis of BIOLAT to sample the Cosnipata drainage; Cesar Ascorra, Sergio So- lari, and Elena Vivar, all of the Museo de Historia Natural, San Marcos, also participated in these programs. Results of these expeditions were summarized in Manu mammal lists by Patterson et al. (1992) and Pacheco et al. (1993), who presented the first detailed listing of mammals distributed in the reserve, document- ing 190 species across 32 sampling localities. Voss and Emmons (1996) updated the mammal list for Cocha Cashu and Pakitza, tallying 139 species at this lowland "site". Meanwhile, Terborgh and Carol L. Mitchell executed the "Amazon Biodiversity Project," adding several species to Manu's list of mammals (Mitchell, 1998). Solari made additional trips to explore highland communities with support of the Chicago Zoological Society (Brookfield Zoo). Harald Beck of the University of Miami studied and sampled small terrestrial mammals at Cocha Cashu, which were reported in Beck (2002) and Leite-Pitman et al. (2003). The far-more-complete bird list grew much more slowly and in less specified fashion through repeated visits by ornithologists and birders attracted to Manu's incomparable avifauna. An early list assembled by Charles Munn that included records from Fitzpatrick and Willard was published in the first MacQuarrie volume (Munn & Wust, 1992). Concerted sampling in the environs of Pakitza was reported by Grace Servat (1996). Barry Walker and associates continued to ply the slopes for additions to the bird list (Walker, 1998, and continuing). In- cidental records by itinerant ornithologists con- tinued into the 21st century. The establishment of the Biotic Surveys and Inventories (BS&I) program at the National Science Foundation breathed new life into efforts to inventory hyperdiverse tropical biotas. Because a primary focus of the BS&I program is to generate collections and databases for unstudied groups and regions, the mammals and birds of Manu were not a high priority. Most Andean vertebrates are represented in collections even if many remain poorly known. However, the ecto- parasites of these species surely were. No system- atic collections or study had ever been devoted to the mites, ticks, fleas, chewing lice, sucking lice, bat flies, bot flies, and others that treat Andean mammals and birds as hosts, although Guerrero had published some novelties from early expedi- tions (Guerrero, 1996a, 1996b). We enlisted a cadre of collaborators to study these collections and recruited several ectoparasitologists to assist us in harvesting arthropods in the field. Methods and Study Area Our field plan called for sampling vertebrate and parasite communities over an elevational FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Fig. 1 . A digital elevation model of Manu showing the elevational positions of the 8 collecting localities visited in 1999-2001. gradient, to encompass the maximal range of habitats and inhabitants. Because the lowest stretches of the Manu reserve — including the Cocha Cashu Biological Station and the BIO- LAT research station at Pakitza — were the best sampled, we intentionally focused our work on higher elevations. There, the succession of habitats and their elevational limits are a complex product of biology, edaphic factors, temperature, and precipitation (Young, 1992). Over a three-year span, we worked at eight sites distributed along an elevational gradient oriented by the Carretera Paucartambo-Shintuya and north of the axis created by this road along the Rio Alto Madre de Dios (Fig. 1). Although the gradient was intended to be complete and balanced in itself, it was designed to complement and expand earlier sampling efforts (Pacheco et al., 1993). Teams of mammalogists, ornitholo- gists, and parasitologists were assembled from the staff, students, and associates of the Field Museum and Museo de Historia Natural, Uni- versidad de San Marcos (Figs. 2, 3). From 1999 to 2001, we took to the Field during the dry season (August-November), although the "2000 field season" was eventually executed during March and April 2001. We spent three weeks at each elevation, using as many techniques as possible for documenting and collecting mam- mals and birds at each elevation and for harvesting their ectoparasites. For mammals, we used mist nets at each elevation, placing them on the ground in likely flyways and as parts of extended net lines or hoisting them into trees in canopy sets. We also deployed arrays of both live (Tomahawk-Na- tional and Sherman traps) and snap traps (Museum Special and Victor rat traps) set in alternation and with vegetable and animal baits. We also employed lines of pitfall traps strung with drift fences. Where permitted, we used shotguns (.410 caliber and 20-gauge) and several times documented animals recently collected by indigenous hunters. When identifications were firm, we also made sight records while checking traps or nets or while conducting bird counts. Birds were primarily collected using mist nets 12 m long and set at ground level in forest habitat; nets were typically placed in lines of 4 to 10 nets running along trails. We occasionally set single nets in patchy habitats or second growth. Additional birds came opportunistically from nets set specifically for bats. Typically these nets were single nets (6 and 12 m) placed in openings. Most were at ground level, although a few nets at most camps were elevated 5 m or more above the ground. At some camps (Aguas Calientes, Suecia, Maskoitania, and Consuelo), we also collected birds with shotguns. Observations of birds not collected at the camps came from daily forays from camp. Each day, Stotz and Pequeno left camp before dawn PATTERSON ET AL.: MAMMALS AND BIRDS OF THE MANU ' Fig. 2. Participants of the 1999 Zoological Expeditions to Manu: (back) Douglas F. Stotz, Maximo Careche, Sergio Solari, Navidad Avendano, Matthew D. Dean, John Chavez, Lucia Luna, Jose G. Tello, Jessica Amanzo; (front) Bruce D. Patterson, Christian Albujar, Thomas P. Gnoske, Tatiana Pequeno. on roads or trails and returned to camp in early afternoon. Some days, they returned to the field for one to two hours in the late afternoon. Approximately half the days, they remained together in the field, and half the days they covered portions of the area separately. All observations were made within a 5 km radius of camp. The elevations spanned by these observations varied with local topography and is given with other site-specific information below. Included among these observations are a few species only observed by companions: Jose Tello in 1999 and Brian O'Shea in 2000 and 2001. Although the collections we made will be the subject of separate studies, both descriptive and monographic, we include some characterizations of each site to detail the provenience of listed species. Coordinates for each of these sites are listed beyond in the Gazetteer. Aguas Calientes — 450 m, a camp on the left bank of the Rio Alto Madre de Dios, 2.75 km E (downstream) from Shintuya. The name derives from geothermal springs that empty into the river near our camp, set in a clearing on the first terrace above the river. The camp lay at the foot of a 50-m slope leading up to various successions of lowland terra firme forest. Most sampling effort was concentrated on the forests of the upper terrace. Birds and larger mammals were observed from 500 to 650 m. Maskoitania — 480 m, an ecotourism camp on the left bank of the Rio Alto Madre de Dios, about 13 km downstream from Atalaya. Our camp was 0.4 km from the landing beach, in a large grass-filled clearing surrounded by secondary lowland forest. Trails emanated from this site south along the river; west into thick, brushy, bamboo-filled forest; and to the north- west, where 3 km distant we encountered sub- stantial glades of mature forest. Birds and mammals were observed from 450 to 500 m. Consuelo — 1000 m, a roadside camp set at the foot of a long ridge descending to the road from the WNW. Our lines and nets extended from the cloud forest at the crest of this ridge to the tropical riparian growth along the boulder- strewn Rio Cosfiipata far below the road. Several FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Fig. 3. Participants of the 2001 Zoological Expeditions to Manu: (back) John Chavez, Carl W. Dick, Raul Cobos, Don Gettinger, Douglas F. Stotz, Bruce D. Patterson; (front) Maximo Careche, Sergio Solari, Ursula Paredes, Edith Suazo, Tatiana Pequeno, July Poma, Brian J. O'Shea. glades of second-growth forest were sampled below the highway, and smaller patches of nearly pure bamboo were also trapped and netted. Observations of birds and mammals at this site spanned the 800- to 1200-m interval. San Pedro — 1450 m, an ecotourism lodge near the bridge by that name, along the road (near km marker 152). A large stream comes down from the west; several smaller creeks also feed into this. The slope is moderate, and small areas were flooded during our sampling. In the secondary forests of the area down the slope, the primary understory vegetation included thickets of Chus- quea, which become monocultures in deforested regions. However, upslope, we sampled a rela- tively mature and humid forest, with large trees covered in epiphytes, and a dense understory composed of ferns, palms, and small trees also covered by mosses and epiphytes. Birds and larger mammals were observed from 1250 to 1700 m. Suecia — 1920 m, a place marked by a road- side restaurant called "El Rocotal," opposite a cleared slope blanketed by pepper plants. Collecting lines and transects in cloud forests at this elevation extended perhaps 1 50 m above the camp and as much as 120 m below it, following the courses of the road and tumbling river. The upper (and steep) part reached a flat patch of cloud forest with tall, medium-sized trees (60 cm dbh) and rocky ground. We traveled along the road for up to 2 km in each direction, looking for accessible patches of undisturbed cloud forests to sample with nets and lines; observa- tions here spanned the 1800- to 1822-m range. We sampled along several creeks, one studded with large boulders and flanked by small epiphyte-covered trees, others smaller and bor- dered by bushes. Pillahuata — 2450 m, a small, old settlement along the road (near km marker 128) in a particularly steep region (slopes often above 50°); the area itself is severely affected by the road, which crosses those hills several times. Because of roadworks and the exposure, vegeta- tion surrounding our camp was dryer than PATTERSON ET AL.: MAMMALS AND BIRDS OF THE MANU typical forests at this elevation. Above Pilla- huata, we sampled mammals in a mix of grassland and thorn scrubs; we also sampled in the forest around (through a few short trails); here the understory was open, with large trees covered with epiphytes and thick litter (20 cm). Birds and larger mammals were observed here from 2450 to 2700 m. La Esperanza — 2850 m, near a roadside res- taurant and spring by that name. The region surrounding this camp marked an ecotone between mossy and elfin forests in mesic situa- tions and more xeric ericaceous or chaparral-like brush on more open slopes. Certain trap and net lines followed the course of fast-flowing streams that eventually crossed the road, passing beneath bridges or culverts. Our observations of birds and larger mammals from this site ranged from 2750 to 2950 m. Puesto de Vigilancia Acjanaco — 3450 m, but also above (to 3550 m) in the pajonal near Abra Acjanaco or Cerro Macho Cruz, as well as below (to 3250 m) along Trocha Ericcson, a hiking trail from Puesto de Vigilancia Abra Acjanaco into the Manu Reserve. In the pajonal, the dominant vegetation is bunchgrasses (Poaceae) almost 1 m high, with a few sparse shrubs. Because of low slopes, high elevation and exposure, the climate is cold and wet and the vegetation open. Downslope, along Trocha Ericcson, mossy elfin forest blankets the steep, humid slopes of the narrow trail between elevations 3250 and 3350 m. Two small, almost dry creeks and one broad (50 m) landslide bisect this trail. To distinguish these two contrasting habitats, which were sampled from a single camp in our 1999 expedition, we have annotated specimen records from this site as PA and TE. Accordingly, records from our 1999 fieldwork at PA or TE appear boldfaced in Table 1. Bird and mammal observations along both the trail and the road ranged from 3100 to 3550 m. For Tables 1 and 2, we compiled cumulative records of all mammals and birds documented in the Manu Biosphere Reserve. Most mammal records are documented by museum vouchers and are based on study (and in some cases restudy and reidentification) of specimens. As noted by Pacheco et al. (1993), most of these localities fall within the Cosnipata and Alto Madre de Dios drainages and the Cerros de Pantiacolla, with additional samples from Pa- kitza along the Rio Manu; sight records and some vouchers document the fauna from Cocha Cashu. Bird sampling was concentrated in the same areas but strengthened along the lower reaches of the Rios Madre de Dios and Manu. Besides records from recent expeditions, we drew on the work of Fitzpatrick, Stotz, and their colleagues between 1980 and 1985; numerous trips through the region by Walker beginning in the mid-1990s; and publications on birds at Cocha Cashu (Bolster & Robinson, 1990; Ter- borgh et al., 1984). Fitzpatrick and Walker obtained additional records from other obser- vers, mainly leaders of tours for bird-watchers through the area. There are a small handful of records based on other collections made in the region by Blake or C. Kalinowski in the 1950s (housed at FMNH) and Whitely in the 1870s. Elevations for the records come from altimeters or GPS readings and are rounded to the nearest 50 m. Gazetteer Following are localities documenting the distribution of mammals in the Manu Biosphere Reserve (Fig. 4). Coordinates, given in decimal degrees south latitude and west longitude, were determined from several sources: various muse- um records (FMNH, MUSM, and MVZ); published literature sources (LIT), especially Stephens and Traylor (1983) and Wilson and Sandoval (1996); the National Imagery and Mapping Agency's online database of foreign geographic feature names (GNS) — this database is now the official repository of foreign place- name decisions approved by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names (USBGN); 1:100,000 series maps from the Instituto Geografico Militar (IGM) del Peru; and by direct determination (GPS). Following a description of the locality are acronyms denoting the disposition of voucher materials: FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; KU, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan- sas; MUSM, Museo de Historia Natural, Uni- versidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; MVZ, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley; and USNM, National Museum of Natural History, Washing- ton, D.C. AA 13.1667 / 71.589 (MVZ) Abra Acjanaco, 32 km NE (by road) Paucar- tambo, km 112 (also 32 km NNE [by road] Paucartambo; Quebrada cerca de Abra Acja- naco), 3140-3450 m (MVZ). FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Fig. 4. Thirty-three localities sampled for small mammals and represented by codes in Table 1. Names and locations of these localities are given in the Gazetteer. PATTERSON ET AL.: MAMMALS AND BIRDS OF THE MANU AC 12.6683 / 71.269 (GPS) Aguas Calientes, Rio Alto Madre de Dios, ca. 1 km below Shintuya (also Quebrada Aguas Calientes, left bank, Rio Alto Madre de Dios, 2.75 km E Shintuya), 450-520 m (FMNH, MUSM, MVZ). Al 12.1902 / 71.0184 (FMNH) Altamira, 350-400 m (FMNH). AM 12.5833 / 71.25 (MUSM) Alto Rio Madre de Dios, 15 km below Shintuya, 420-430 m (FMNH, MUSM). BA 13.15/71.5911 (IGM) Buenos Aires, carretera Paucartambo-Pilco- pata, km 132, 2360 m (MUSM). BN 13.2273 / 71.6196 (MUSM) Albergue Bosque de las Nubes (also Bosque de las Nubes, carretera Paucartambo-Pilcopata, km 150, Puente Union; Est. Biol. Bosque Nublado), 1480-1800 m (MUSM). BV 12.95/71.1333 (GNS) Puerto Buena Vista (= El Carbon) 550 m (FMNH). CC 11.85/ 71.3166 (LIT) Cocha Cashu Biological Station (also ca. 70 km NW mouth of Rio Manu on Rio Manu; Rio Manu, 70 Airline km above Mouth, N Bank), 380 m (AMNH, MUSM, MVZ, USNM). CJ 12.0184 / 71.2147 (MUSM) Cocha Juares (also Rio Manu, 40 km up from mouth), 365 m (MUSM). CM 13.196 / 71.6197 (MUSM) Cerro Macho Cruz, above Puesto de Vigilan- cia Abra Acjanaco, 3450 m (MUSM). Cn 13.0667/ 71.1833 (LIT) Cosfiipata, 1000 m (FMNH). Co 13.0236 / 71.49185 (GPS) Consuelo, 15.9 km SW Pilcopata (also Con- suelo, km 165, 17 km by rd W of Pilcopata), 1000-1400 m (FMNH, MUSM). CP 12.5833/71.25 (LIT) Cerro de Pantiacolla (also Cerro de Pantia- colla, above Rio Palotoa; Cerro de Pantia- colla, E slope near summit), 900 1300 m (FMNH). CS 1 1.9930 / 71.2270 (MUSM) Cocha Salvador (Rio Manu, ca. 50 km from mouth; also Rio Manu, Salvador), 370 m (FMNH, MUSM, USNM). HA 12.8773 / 71.3865 (FMNH) Hacienda Amazonia (Alto Rio Madre de Dios, Hacienda Amazonia; also Hacienda Amazo- nia, ridge above), 500-1050 m (FMNH, MUSM). HE 12.9/71.2 (MVZ) Hacienda Erika, Rio Alto Madre de Dios opposite Salvacion, 350-500 (MVZ). It 12.7833 / 71.2167 (LIT) Itahuania, 450 m (FMNH, MUSM). LE 13.1777 / 71.6045 (GPS) La Esperanza (39 km NE [by road] Paucar- tambo, km 119), 2850-3240 m (FMNH, MUSM, MVZ). M 12.25 / 70.9 (GNS) Manu (Boca Rio Manu, near Manu) 365 m (FMNH, MUSM, USNM). Mk 12.7717 / 71.3855 (GPS) Maskoitania, 13.4 km NNW Atalaya, left bank Rio Alto Madre de Dios, 480 m (FMNH, MUSM). ML 13.197 / 71.5767 (MUSM) Morro Leguia, carretera Paucartambo-Pillco- pata, km 135 (54 km NE [by road] Paucar- tambo, km 134), 2100-2250 m (MUSM, MVZ). P 12.9018 / 71.3742 (MUSM) Pilcopata, Queros (also Pilcopata, Sabaluyo), 350 m (MUSM). PA 13.196 / 71.6197 (GPS) Puesto de Vigilancia Acjanaco (Acjanaco; Challabamba, Puesto de Vigilancia Acjanaco; also Parque Nacional Manu, Puesto de Vigi- lancia Acjanaco), 3350-3500 m (FMNH, MUSM). PB 1 1.8385 / 71.3852 (LIT) Playa Bonita, northern limit of Manu Nation- al Park (near border with Reserved Zone Alto Purus; 6-7 km N of Cocha Cashu), 350 m (Leite-Pitman et al., 2003). Pi 13.1622 / 71.5975 (GPS) Pillahuata (48 km NE (by road) Paucartambo, km 128), 2460-2600 m (FMNH, MUSM, MVZ). Pk 11.9464/71.2833 (LIT) Pakitza (Pakitza Control Post, 57 km above mouth of Rio Manu; Pakitza, 40 km above mouth of Rio Manu; Rio Manu, Puesto de Vigilancia de Pakitza), 340-350 m (MUSM, USNM). Qc 12.9939 / 71.4540 (MUSM) Quitacalzon, carretera Paucartambo-Pillco- pata, puente, km 163, 1180 m (MUSM). RP 12.5767 / 71.4356 (FMNH) Palotoa (Rio Palotoa, left bank, 12 km up- stream from mouth), 450-490 m (FMNH, MUSM). Sh 12.6833 / 71.25 (GNS) 10 F1ELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Shintuya (Yanamayo [Shintuya]), 420^450 m (FMNH, MUSM). SI 13.0/71.3 (GNS) Santa Isabel, 4 km SW of; Rio Cosfiipata, 1700 m (KU). SP 13.05467 / 71.54623 (GPS) San Pedro (72 km NE [by road] Paucartambo, km 152), 1400-1550 m (FMNH, MUSM, MVZ). Su 13.1005 / 71.5675 (GPS) Suecia, Km 138.5 Carretera Shintuya, 1900 2100 m (FMNH, MUSM). T 13/71.1833 (GNS) Tono, 5 km S Rio Tono and 18 road km W Patria, 800-950 m (FMNH, MUSM). TC 13.2 / 71.6333 (MVZ) Tres Cruces, 18 km N Paucartambo (20 km N [by road] Paucartambo, km 100), 3505-3625 m (MUSM, MVZ). TE 13.196 / 71.6197 (MUSM) Trocha Ericcson; (below) Puesto de Vigilancia Acjanaco, 3250-3350 m (FMNH, MUSM). VC 12.9018 / 71.3938 (MUSM) Hacienda Villa Carmen, 600 m (FMNH, MUSM). Acknowledgments Recent zoological surveys in Manu were supported by the NSF (DEB-9870191, to BDP, DFS, and J. W. O. Ballard), the Field Museum (especially the Marshall Field III Fund, the Barbara E. Brown Fund for Mammal Research, and a gift from Jake and Catherine Jacobus), and the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. We are grateful to Victor Pacheco, Irma Franke, and Niels Valencia for their support in hosting the teams and coordinating our collection activities. In addition to those listed as authors, stalwart companions Jessica Amanzo, Carl Dick, Don Gettinger, Roland Kays, Ursula Paredes, and Edith Suazo helped record mammals in the field, and Brian O'Shea, Jose Tello, Thomas Gnoske, Tino Aucca, Christian Albujar, July Poma, and Dora Susanibar assisted with bird work. We are particularly grateful to Maximo Careche for his outstanding field skills, which ensured that our camps were both comfortable and productive and that our collections were highly diverse, and to Raul Cobos and Navidad Avendano for their culinary gifts. Our field camps were supplied by Constantino (Tino) Aucca and his wife Luz Marina. Hugo Pepper kindly allowed us to stay at his camp near San Pedro. Marco Rozas and Manuel Pastor, both with Manu Ecological Adventures, provided facilities in Pillahuata and San Pedro, and at the latter locality we were permitted to trap and net on the property of Demetrio Quispe. Jabin Jimenez and Sergi Casals gave us access to Albergue Maskoitania, Trinidad Vera and La Comunidad Campesina of Chontachaca gave us permission to work at Consuelo, and the Gutierrez Family around La Esperanza. Ing. Modesto Challco, Chief of Manu National Park for facilities to work while we were at Manu. We appreciate the profession- alism of Instituto de Recursos Naturales, Peru (INRENA), and the Jefatura of Parque Nacional del Manu, which issued permissions for the collection and exportation of this material (Autorizacion 64-99 INRENA and 003-2001 INRENA-J-DGANPFS). At the Field Museum, John Phelps, David Willard, Philip Parrillo, and James Boone all facilitated work with these collections, and Alex Dehgan and Patty Ruback were indispensable in getting the localities into a meaningful GIS system. At San Marcos, Elena Vivar helped us with recent data on vouchers from Cocha Cashu. Field Museum expeditions led by John Fitz- patrick between 1980 and 1985 provided the backbone for the Manu bird list and provided many records of bats as well. These expeditions were supported by the H. B. Conover Fund of the Field Museum, the Bertha LeBus Charitable Trust, and the National Science Foundation (BSR-8508361). We especially want to thank David Willard for his fine work on all those expeditions. We also are grateful for the able participation of Barbara Clauson, Dale Clayton, Robert Izor, Linda Kinkel, Nina Pierpont, William Southern, and John Weske on one or more of the trips. The bird list benefited from reviews by Thomas Schulenberg, Mark Robbins, Alfredo Begazo, and John Terborgh. We relied heavily on observations provided us by birders, tour leaders, and ornithologists who traveled the Cosfiipata road and/or made observations in the lowlands of the Manu region. We thank the following observers who provided us with un- published records from the region: Douglas Altschuler, John Arvin, Eustace Barnes, Alfredo Begazo, Colin Bushell, Clive Byers, Michael Catsis, Gunnar Engblom, Steven Hilty, Jill Jankowski, Daniel Lane, Daniel Lebbin, Huw PATTERSON ET AL.: MAMMALS AND BIRDS OF THE MANU 11 Lloyd, Pat O'Donnell, Theodore Parker, David Ricalde, Robert Ridgley. Gary Rosenberg, Scott Robinson, Rose Anne Rowlett, John Terborgh. Richard Webster, Bret Whitney, Andrew Whit- taker, David Willis, Ramiro and Virgilio Yabar, Renzo Zeppelli, and Kristof Zyskowski. We deeply appreciate Jody Martin and Larry Page's help and support while they were at NSF's Biotic Surveys and Inventories program and acknowledge the helpful comments of James Patton, Mark Robbins, and Don Wilson in knocking the manuscript into a leaner, more useful form. Literature Cited Beck, H. 2002. Population dynamics and biodiversity of small mammals in treefall gaps within an Amazonian rainforest. Unpublished PhD disserta- tion. University of Miami, Miami, Florida. 119 pp. Bolster, D. C, and S. K. Robinson. 1990. Habitat use and relative abundance of migrant shorebirds in a western Amazonian site. Condor. 92: 239-242. FlTZPATRlCK. J. W., AND D. E. WlLLARD. 1990. Cercomacra manu, new species of antbird from southwestern Amazonia (Peru). Auk. 107: 239-245. Guerrero, R. 1996a. Amblyopinodes amazonicus new species (Coleoptera: Staphyliniidae) a parasite of rodents from Pakitza. Peru. pp. 659-663. In Wilson, D. E. and A. Sandoval, eds., Manu: The Bio- diversity of Southeastern Peru. Editorial Horizonte, for Smithsonian Institution Press, Lima. . 1996b. The Basilia Junquiensis species-group (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) with description of a new species from Pakitza. Peru, pp. 665-674. /// Wilson. D. E. and A. Sandoval, eds., Manu: The Bio- diversity of Southeastern Peru. Editorial Horizonte. for Smithsonian Institution Press, Lima. Leite-Pitman. R., H. Beck, and P. M. Velazco. 2003. Mamiferos terrestres y arboreos de la selva baja de la Amazonia Peruana: Entre los rios Manu y Alto Punis, pp. 109-122. In Leite-Pitman. R.. N. Pitman and P. Alvarez, eds.. Alto Purus: Biodiversidad, Conservacion y Manejo. Impresso Grafica. for Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Lima. MacQuarrie, K. 1992. Peru's Amazonian Eden: Manu National Park and Biosphere Reserve. Francis O. Patthey e hijos. Barcelona, 320 pp. — . 1998. Peru's Amazonian Eden: Manu Nation- al Park and Biosphere Reserve, 2nd ed. Francis O. Patthey e hijos, Barcelona, 320 pp. Mitchell, C. L. 1998. Lista completa de especies de mamiferos que se sabe habitan en la Reserva de la Biosfera del Manu, pp. 256-259. //; MacQuarrie, K., ed., Peru's Amazonian Eden: Manu National Park and Biosphere Reserve, 2nd ed. Francis O. Patthey e hijos. Barcelona. Munn, C. A., and W. Wust. 1992. Aves que con mayor frecuencia se observan o escuchan. o de especial importancia en la Reserva de Biosfera del Manu. pp. 183-184. In MacQuarrie, K... ed., Peru's Amazonian Eden: Manu National Park and Bio- sphere Reserve. Francis O. Patthey e hijos, Barce- lona. Pacheco, V., B. D. Patterson, J. L. Patton, L. H. Emmons, S. Solari, and C. F. Ascorra. 1993. List of mammal species known to occur in Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru, Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Serie A Zoologia. 44: 1-12. Patterson, B. D., J. L. Patton, and L. H. Emmons. 1992. Lista completa de especies de mamiferos que se sabe habitan en la Reserva de la Biosfera del Manu. pp. 125-128. In MacQuarrie. K.. ed.. Peru's Amazonian Eden: Manu National Park and Bio- sphere Reserve. Francis O. Patthey e hijos, Barce- lona. Servat, G. P. 1996. An annotated list of birds of the BIOLAT Biological Station at Pakitza, Peru. pp. 555-576. /// Wilson. D. E. and A. Sandoval, eds., Manu: The Biodiversity of Southeastern Peru. Editorial Horizonte. for Smithsonian Institution Press. Lima. Stephens, L., and M. A. Traylor, Jr. 1983. Ornitho- logical Gazetteer of Peru. Bird Department. Muse- um of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge. Massachusetts. 273 pp. Terborgh, J. W., J. W. Fitzpatrick, and L. H. Emmons. 1984. Annotated checklist of bird and mammal species of Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Manu National Park. Peru. Fieldiana: Zoology, n.s., 21: 1-19. Voss, R. S., and L. H. Emmons. 1996. Mammalian diversity in Neotropical lowland rainforests: A preliminary assessment. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 230: 1-115. Walker, B. 1998. Las aves de la Reserva de la Biosfera del Manu, pp. 259-266. //; MacQuarrie, K., ed., Peru's Amazonian Eden: Manu National Park and Biosphere Reserve, 2nd ed. Francis O. Patthey e hijos. Barcelona. Wilson, D. E., and A. Sandoval. 1996. Manu: The Biodiversity of Southeastern Peru. Smithsonian Institution Press, Lima, 679 pp. Young, K. R. 1992. Biogeography of the montane forest zone of the eastern slopes of Peru. pp. 119- 154. In Young, K. R. and N. Valencia, eds., Biogeografia, Ecologia y Conservacion del Bosque Montano en el Peru. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima. 12 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY it Mammals of the Manu Biosphere Reserve Sergio Solari/ Victor Pacheco,* Lucia Luna,§ Paul M. Velazco," and Bruce D. Patterson^ Mammals occurring in the Manu Biosphere Reserve. New additions to the faunal list are denoted by asterisks; common names not used by contributors to Wilson and Reeder (2005) are denoted by carets. Records documented during recent NSF-funded surveys of the reserve are in boldface, first listing those with museum vouchers, while sight, sound, or sign records appear in parentheses. Locality codes and their locations are listed in the Gazetteer and shown in Figure 4. Minimum and maximum elevations along the Manu transect are in meters. Common name Localities Min Max Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Caluromys lanatus Caluromysiops irrupta Chironectes minimus Didelphis marsupialis Glironia venusta * Gracilinanus aceramarcae Gracilinanus agilis Marmosa andersoni Marmosa quichua Marmosa rubra Marmosops bishopi 4 Marmosops impavidus Marmosops noctivagus Metachirus nudicaudatus Micoureus regina Monodelphis emiliae Monodelphis glirina Monodelphis peruviana * Monodelphis ronaldi Philander opossum Brown-eared Woolly Opossum Black-shouldered Opossum Water Opossum Common Opossum Bushy-tailed Opossum Aceramarca Gracile Opossum Agile Gracile Opossum Anderson's Mouse OpossumA Quechuan Mouse Opossum Red Mouse Opossum Bishop's Slender Opossum Tschudi's Slender Opossum White-bellied Slender Opossum Brown Four-eyed Opossum Bare-tailed Woolly Mouse Opossum Emilia's Short-tailed Opossum Amazonian Red-sided Opossum Peruvian Short-tailed OpossumA Pine's Short-tailed OpossumA Gray Four-eyed Opossum VC (CC) 380 600 It (CC) 380 450 HE, Sh, VC (CC, Pk) 350 600 Al, Co, (CC, Pk, SP, Su) 400 1920 (CC) 380 380 LE 2880 2880 Pk 350 350 VC 600 600 Pk, SI (CC) 350 1700 VC 600 600 AC, CC, Pk, VC 350 600 SP, VC 600 1460 Al, BN, CC, Co, HA, Mk, 350 1920 P, Pk, SP, Su AC, CC, Co, HE, M, Mk, 350 1480 Pk, SP Al, CC, Co, HA, It, Mk, 400 1050 Pk CC 380 380 CC, Pk 350 380 HA, Pi, SP, Su 825 2460 Pk 350 350 AC, HE, Pk (CC) 350 500 * Preferred citation: Solari, S., V. Pacheco, L. Luna, P. M. Velazco, and B. D. Patterson. 2006. Mammals of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, pp. 13-23. In Patterson, B. D., D. F. Stotz, and S. Solari, eds., Mammals and Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru. Fieldiana: Zoology, n.s., No. 110. + Doctoral Candidate, Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, U.S.A. % Curator and Professor, Departamento de Mamiferos, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado Postal 14-0434, Lima 14, Peru. § Doctoral Candidate, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A. 11 Doctoral Candidate, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, U.S.A. * MacArthur Curator of Mammals, Department of Zoology, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, U.S.A. FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, N.S., NO. 110, NOVEMBER 10, 2006, PP. 13-22 13 Continued. Common name Localities Min Max Paucituberculata Caenolestidae Lestoros inca Incan Shrew Opossum A A. LE. ML. Pi. SP. TE 2190 3350 Cingulata Dasypodidae Dasypus no vemcinctus Nine-banded Armadillo VC (CC. Co) 380 1000 Priodontes maximus Giant Armadillo (CC) 380 380 Pilosa Bradypodidae Bradypus variegatus Brown-throated Sloth (AC. CC. Pk) 350 500 Megalonychidae Choloepus hoffmanni Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth HA (Pk) 350 500 Cyclopedidaes Cyclopes didactylus Silky Anteater (CC) 380 380 Myrmecophagidae Myrmecophaga tridactyla Giant Anteater (CC. Pk) 350 380 Tamandua tetradactyla Southern Tamandua (CC. Pk) 350 380 Primates9 Cebidae Callimico goeldii Goeldi"s Marmoset Al (CC) 380 400 Callithrix pygmaea Pygmy Marmoset (CC. Pk) 350 380 Cebus albifrons (cuscinus) White-fronted Capuchin Al (CC. Pk) 350 400 Cebus apella (peruanus) Tufted Capuchin Al. It (AC. CC. Co. Mk. Pk. SP) 350 1460 Saguinus fuscicollis Brown-mantled Tamarin AC. It (CC. Pk) 350 450 Saguinus imperator Emperor Tamarin Al. It (CC. Pk) 350 400 * Saguinus mystax Black-chested Mustached Tamarin PB 350 350 Saimiri boliviensis Black-capped Squirrel Monkey AC. Al. It (CC. Mk. Pk) 350 450 (peruviensis) Aotidae Aorus nigriceps Black-headed Night Monkey AC. Al. HE. VC (CC. Co. Mk. Pk. SP) 350 1550 Pitheciidae Callicebus brunneus Brown Titi AC. Al. It (CC. Pk) 350 450 Pithecia irrorata Gray Monk Saki " Al (CC) 380 400 Atelidae Alouatta sara Bolivian Red Howler It (CC. Mk. Pk) 350 450 A teles chamek Peruvian Spider Monkey It (CC. Pk) 350 450 Lagothrix carta (tscluu/ii) Gray Woolly Monkey CS. P. Su (CC. Co. ML. Pk. SP) 350 2150 Lagomorpha Leporidae S) Ivilagus brasiliensis Tapeti AC. Co. Mk. P. VC (CC. Pk) 350 1000 Chiroptera Emballonuridae Cormura brevirostris Chestnut Sac-winged Bat HA 680 680 Peropteryx kappleri Greater Dog-like Bat VC 600 600 * Peropteryx leucoptera White-winged Dog-like Bat AC 450 450 Rhynchonycteris naso Proboscis Bat Pk (CC) 350 380 Saccopteryx bilineata Greater Sac-winged Bat Mk. Pk 350 480 Saccopteryx leptura Lesser Sac-winged Bat AC. P 350 450 Phyllostomidae Anoura caudifer Anoura eultrata Tailed Tailless Bat Handlev*s Tailless Bat AC. Co. CP. HA. HE. Mk. 340 1920 Pk. SP. Su. T CP. Su 975 1920 14 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Common name Localities Min Max Anoura geoffroyi Geoffrey's Tailless Bat Co, CP, HA, LE, Pi, Su, T, TE LE, Pi, TE 780 3350 Anoura sp. nov.13 Andean Tailless Bat 2450 3320 Artibeus lituratus Great Fruit-eating Bat AC, Co, HA, HE, Mk, Pk, RP, T (CC) 340 1000 Artibeus obscurus Dark Fruit-eating Bat AC, CJ, Co, CP, CS, HA, HE, Mk, Pk, RP, T (CC) 340 1030 Artibeus planirostrisi4 Flat-faced Fruit-eating BatA AC, Co, CS, HA, HE, M, Mk, Pk (CC) 340 1050 Carollia benkeithiX5 Southern Chesnut Short-tailed Bat AC, AM, CJ, Co, CS, HA, M, Mk, Pk, RP, Sh, T (CC) 340 1000 Car o Ilia brevicauda Silky Short-tailed Bat AC, AM, BN, CJ, Co, CP, CS, HA, M, Mk, P, Pk, Qc, RP, SP, T (CC) 340 1700 Carollia manu16 Manu Short-tailed BatA BN, CP, ML, SP 1300 2250 Carollia perspicillata Seba's Short-tailed Bat AC, AM, CC, CJ, Co, CP, CS, HA, M, Mk, P, Pk, RP, Sh, T 340 1300 Chiroderma salvini Salvin's Big-eyed Bat AC, Co, HA, Mk, Su, T 450 1920 Chiroderma trinitatum Little Big-eyed Bat AC, CC, Co, HA, Mk, Pk, T AC, CC, CS, HA, Mk, Pk, T HA, Mk, Pk 340 1000 Chiroderma villosum Hairy Big-eyed Bat 340 950 Choeroniscus minor Lesser Long-tailed Bat 340 825 Chrotopterus auritus Woolly False Vampire Bat AC, HA (CC) 380 520 Dermanura andersenixl Andersen's Fruit-eating Bat AC, AM, CC, Co, HA, HE, Mk, Pk, RP, Sh 340 1000 Dermanura glauca Silvery Fruit-eating Bat AC, BN, Co, CP, HA, Mk, ML, Pi, Qc, SP, Su, T, TE (CC?) 450 3350 Dermanura gnoma Dwarf Fruit-eating Bat AC, HA, Mk, Pk 340 680 Desmodus rotundus Common Vampire Bat HA, HE, Mk, Pk 340 680 Diphylla ecaudata Hairy-legged Vampire Bat CP, HE, Pk 350 900 Enchisthenes hartii Velvety Fruit-eating Bat AC, BN, Co, CP, HA, Mk, Pi, Qc, Su, SP, T 450 2600 Glossophaga commissarisi Commissaris's Long-tongued Bat Pk 350 350 Glossophaga soricina Pallas's Long-tongued Bat HA, HE, Pk 340 950 Glyphonycteris daviesi Graybeard Bat Pk 350 350 Lampronycteris brachyotis Orange-throated Bat (CJ) 365 365 Lichonycteris obscura Dark Long-tongued Bat Pk 350 350 Lionycteris spurrelli Chestnut Long-tongued Bat AC, CP, HA, Mk 450 1050 * Lonchophylla handleyi Handley's Nectar Bat AC 450 450 Lonchophylla thomasi Thomas's Nectar Bat AC, CC, Co, HA, HE, Mk, P, Pk, RP 350 1300 * Lonchorhina aurita Common Sword-nosed Bat Co, Mk 480 1000 Lophostoma brasiliensels Pygmy Round-eared Bat HE, Pk, RP 340 500 * Lophostoma carrikeri Carriker's Round-eared Bat Mk 480 480 Lophostoma silvicolum19 White-throated Round-eared Bat AC, CP, Co, HA, HE, It, M, Pk 350 1000 Macrophyllum macrophyllum Long-legged Bat Pk 340 340 Mesophylla macconnelli MacConnell's Bat AC, Al, CC, Co, HA, Pk, T 340 1300 Micronycteris hirsuta Hairy Big-eared Bat AC, RP 490 520 Micronycteris megalotis Little Big-eared Bat Co, HA, Mk, Pk, Pi, RP 350 2600 Micronycteris minuta Tiny Big-eared Bat HA, Mk, Pk 350 500 Micronycteris schmidtorum Schmidts' Big-eared Bat'20 HA, Pk, RP 350 680 Mimon crenulatum Striped Hairy-nosed Bat Co, HA, Pk 350 1400 Phylloderma stenops Pale-faced Bat AC, Co, Pk (CC) 350 1200 Phyllostomus elongatus Lesser Spear-nosed Bat AC, Co, CS, HA, HE, M, Mk, Pk, Qc, T (CC) 340 1180 SOLARI ET AL.: MAMMALS OF MANU 15 Continued. Common name Localities Min Max Phyllostomus hastatus Greater Spear-nosed Bat AC, BV, Co, HA, HE Mk, Pk. RP (CC) It, 340 1000 * Platyrrhinus albericoi Alberico"s Broad-nosed Bat Pi, SP, Su 1480 2460 Platyrrhinus brachycephalus Short-headed Broad-nosed Bat AC, Co, HA, HE, Mk RP, T (CC?) Pk, 350 1000 Platyrrhinus helleri Heller*s Broad-nosed Bat AC, CC, Co, HA, HE, Pk. RP, T Mk, 350 1400 Platyrrhinus infuscus Buffy Broad-nosed Bat AC, Co, CP, HA. HE, Mk, Pk, RP, T It, 340 1300 Platyrrhinus masu Quechuan Broad-nosed Bat Co, CP, HA, HE, LE, Qc. SP, Su, TE Pi. 350 3350 Platyrrhinus nigellus" Blackish Broad-nosed Bat AC, BN. Co, CP, HA. RP. SP. T Qc 460 1700 Rhinophylla pumilio Dwarf Little Fruit Bat AC, HA, HE, Mk, Pk 350 825 Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum Visored Bat (CC) 380 380 Stumira crythromos Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat AA, BN, HA, LE, ML SP, Su, TE Pi. 1050 3450 Sturnira liliuin Little Yellow-shouldered Bat AC, Co, HA, HE, Mk Qc, RP, SP, T Pk, 350 1500 Stumira magna Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat AC, Co. CP, HA, HE, Su. T BN, Co, CP, HA, SP, SP. 350 1920 Sturnira oporaphilum Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat T 500 1700 Sturnira tildae Tilda's Yellow-shouldered Bat AC, HA, Mk, Pk 340 780 Tonatia saurophila Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat CP. HA. Pk (CC) 380 1030 Trachops cirrhosus Fringe-lipped Bat AC. CP, CS, HE, M, I Pk (CC) VIk. 340 975 Uroderma hilohatum Common Tent-making Bat AC. Co, CP. HA. HE, Pk. RP, T (CC) Mk, 340 1050 Uroderma magnirostrum Brown Tent-making Bat AC. CC, Mk, Pk 340 520 Vampyressa melissa Melissa's Yellow-eared Bat BN, Co, Qc, SP 1000 1700 Vampyressa thyone~4 Northern Little Yellow-eared Bat AC. Co, HA, Pk. T (CC) 350 1000 Vampyriscus hidens15 Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat AC, CP, CS, HA, Pk. T 350 1050 Vampyrodes caraccioli Great Stripe-faced Bat AC. Co. CP. HA, Mk, Pk 340 1050 Vampyrum spectrum Spectral Bat HA (CC) 380 820 Noctilionidae Noctilio alhiventris Lesser Bulldog Bat Mk. Pk (CC) 340 480 Noctilio leporinus Greater Bulldog Bat Pk 350 350 Furipteridae Furipterus horrens Thumbless Bat HA, Pk, T 350 900 Thyropteridae * Thy r opt era lavali LaVal's Disk-winged Bat Mk 480 480 Thyroptera tricolor Spix's Disk-winged Bat HA, Pk (CC) 340 680 Molossidae Molossus molossus Pallas's Mastiff Bat HA, HE, Pk. Sh, T 350 950 * Molossus rufus Black Mastiff Bat Co 1000 1000 Nyctinomops laticaudatus Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat Pk 350 350 * Tadarida hrasiliensis Brazilian Free-tailed Bat Pi 2460 2600 Vespertilionidae Ep tesicus hrasiliensis Brazilian Brown Bat LE, Pi, Su 1900 2880 * Eptesicus chiriquinus Chiriquinan Serotine Co, Mk 480 1000 Eptesicus furinalis Argentinian Brown Bat ML, T 900 2250 * Lasiurus blossevillii Red Bat Pi 2460 2460 Lasiurus ega Southern Yellow Bat Pk 350 350 Myotis albescens Silver-tipped Myotis AC. HE, Mk. Pk 340 480 Myotis keaysi Hairy-legged Myotis AC, HA, Mk, Pi, SP, TE AC. Co, HA, Mk. Pk. Su, 450 3450 Myotis nigricans Black Myotis RP. 350 1050 T. VC (CC) * Myotis oxyotus Montane Myotis LE. Pi 2600 3170 16 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Common name Localities Min Max Myotis riparius Riparian Myotis AC, Co, HA, HE, Mk, Pk SP Pk , 350 1480 Myotis simus Velvety Myotis 350 350 Carnivora Felidae Leopardus pardalis Ocelot AC, Al, M (CC, HE, Pk) 350 450 * Leopardus tigrinus26 Oncilla (SP) 1460 1460 Leopardus wiedii Margay Al, CS (CC) 370 400 Panthera onca Jaguar Cn (CC, HE, Pk) 350 1000 Puma concolor Cougar (CC, CM, Pk, Su) 350 3450 Puma yagouaroundi Jaguarundi (Mk, ML, Pk) 350 2200 Canidae Atelocynus microtis Short-eared Dog AC, Al (CC) 380 450 Lycalopex culpaeus Culpeo (CM, PA) 3450 3450 * Speothos venaticus21 Bush Dog (CC) 380 380 Ursidae Tremarctos ornatus Spectacled Bear (BN, CM, ML, Pi, Su) 1920 3450 Mustelidae Eira barbara Tayra (CC, Mk, Pk, Su) 350 1920 Galictis vittata Greater Grison (CC) 380 380 Lontra longicaudis Neotropical Otter Al (CC, Co, Pk, Mk) 350 1000 * Mustela africana28 Amazon Weasel (CC) 380 380 Mustela frenata Long-tailed Weasel TE 3350 3350 Pteronura brasiliensis Giant Otter Al (CC, Pk) 350 400 Mephitidae Conepatus chinga Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk PA (CM, LE, Pi) 2520 3450 Procyonidae Bassaricyon alleni Allen's Olingo (CC) 380 380 Nasua nasua South American Coati Al (CC, Co, Mk, Pk, SP) 350 1450 Pot os flavus Kinkajou AC, Co, It (CC, Mk Pk, SP) 350 1460 Procyon cancrivorus Crab-eating Raccoon (CC, Co, Mk) 380 1000 Perissodactyla Tapiridae Tapirus terrestris South American Tapir (AC, CC, Co, Mk, Pk) 350 1000 Artiodactyla Tayassuidae Pecari tajacu Collared Peccary AC (CC, Pk) 350 450 Tayassu pecari White-lipped Peccary Mk (CC, Pk) 350 480 Cervidae Blastoceros dichotomus Marsh Deer (Pk) 350 350 Mazama americana South American Red Brocket Mk (CC, Pk) 350 480 Mazama chunyi Dwarf Brocket (Pi, TE) 2450 3300 Mazama gouazoubira South American Brown Brocket (CC) 380 380 Odocoileus peruvianus Peruvian White-tailed DeerA LE, PA (CM) 2880 3450 Rodentia Sciuridae Microsciurus flaviventer Amazon Dwarf Squirrel AC, Al, Co, CP, HA, It (CC) 380 1000 Sciurus ignitus Bolivian Squirrel Al, M, VC (Pk) 350 600 Sciurus igniventris Northern Amazon Red Squirrel HA (VC) 600 850 Sciurus sanborni Sanborn's Squirrel Al, M 350 400 Sciurus spadiceus Southern Amazon Red Squirrel AC, M, VC (CC, Pk) 350 600 * Sciurus sp. [Red Squirrel — possibly new] (Su) 1920 1920 Cricetidae34 Akodon aerosus Yungas Akodont BN, Co, ML, SP, Su 1000 2250 Akodon subfuscus Puno Akodont AA, CM, LE, PA, Pi, Su 1900 3450 Akodon torques Cloud Forest Akodont AA, CM, LE, ML, PA, Pi Su, TC, TE ,2190 3625 SOLARI ET AL.: MAMMALS OF MANU 17 Continued. Common name Localities Min Max Holochilus sciureus Amazonian Marsh Rat CC, M 365 380 Microryzomys minutus Montane Colilargo AA, LE, PA, Pi, SP, TC, TE Su, 1900 3625 * Neacomys musseri Musser's Neacomys AC, SP 450 1460 Neacomys spinosus Common Neacomys CC, Co, HE, Mk, Pk, VC SP, Su SP, 340 1480 * Neacomys sp. nov. [New Neacomys] 1480 2100 Nectomys garleppii ~ Garleppi's Water RatA AC, Co, HA, Pk, SP, (CC) VC 340 1500 Neusticomys peru viensis Peruvian Ichthyomyine AC, Pk 340 450 Oecomys bicolor White-bellied Oecomys AC, Al, CC, Co, HA, Pk 340 1000 Oecomys phaeotis Dusky Oecomys BN, SP, Su, VC 600 1920 Oecomys roberti Robert's Oecomys CC, Co, It, Pk 350 1000 Oecomys superans Large Oecomys CC, HE, Pk 340 500 * Oecomys trinitatis Long-furred Oecomys CC 380 380 * Oligoryzomys andinus' Andean Colilargo SP, Pi, PA? 1480 3450 * Oligoryzomys destructor Tschudi's Colilargo LE, Pi, SP, Su 1480 2880 Oligoryzomys microtis Small-eared Colilargo AC, CC, Co, HA, M, P, Pk, Sh, Su, VC Mk, 340 1900 Oligoryzomys sp. B40 Colilargo species B AA, CM, LE, PA 2850 3450 Oryzomys keaysi Keays' Oryzomys BN, Co, ML, Pi, Qc, Su AA, BN, LE, ML, Pi Su AC, CC SP, 1000 2460 Oryzomys levipes Nimble-footed Oryzomys SP, 1700 3140 Oryzomys macconnelli MacConnell's Oryzomys 380 450 Oryzomys nitidus Elegant Oryzomys CC, Co, CP, HA, Mk RP AC, Al, CC, Co, CS, , Pk, 340 1030 Oryzomys perenensis Western Amazonian Oryzomys HA, 340 1400 HE, It, M, Mk, Pk , RP VC * Oryzomys yunganus4X Amazonian Oryzomys CC 380 380 * Oryzomys sp. nov.42 [New Rice Rat] Pi 2460 2460 Oxymycterus inca Inca Hocicudo Co, Mk, P, SP, VC 350 1480 Oxymycterus paramensis Yungas Hocicudo CM, PA 3350 3450 Phyllotis osilae Bunchgrass Pericote PA 3450 3450 * Rhagomys longilingua Long-tongued Rhagomys Mk, Su 480 1920 Rhipidomys gardneri Gardner's Rhipidomys Pk, SP (CC) 350 1480 * Thomasomys daphne Daphne's Thomasomys AA, LE, Pi, TE 2460 3450 Thomasomys notatus Dusky-footed Thomasomys Pi, SP, Su 1460 2460 Thomasomys sp. nov.45 Golden Thomasomys AA, BA, LE, ML, Pi Su, TE SP, 1460 3420 Thomasomys sp. nov.46 Montane Thomasomys AA, LE, Su, TC, TE 1900 3505 Erethizontidae Coendou bicolor Bicolor-spined Porcupine AC (CC, Pk) 350 480 Dinomyidae Dinomys branickii Pacarana CC, Co 380 1000 Caviidae Cavia tschudii Montane Guinea Pig PA 3450 3450 Hydrochoeridae Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Capybara Al (CC, Pk) 350 400 Dasyproctidae Dasyprocta variegata Brown Agouti Al, M (CC, Co, Pk) 350 1000 Myoprocta pratti Green Acouchy Al, CC (Pk) 350 400 Cuniculidae Cuniculus paca Lowland Paca AC, Co (CC, Pk) 350 1000 Cuniculus taczanou.sk ii Mountain Paca BN, PA, Su, TE (Pi, LE 1920 3450 Echimyidae * Dactylomys boliviensis Bolivian Bamboo Rat Co. Mk (CC, Pk, SP) 480 1450 Dactylomys dactylinus Amazon Bamboo Rat T 850 900 * Isothrix sp. nov.48 [New Brush-tailed Rat] Su 1900 1930 18 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Common name Localities Min Max Mesomys hispidus Ferreira's Spiny Tree Rat CC, Pk 340 380 Pattonomys occasius Bare-tailed Armored Tree Rat (CC) 380 380 Proechimys brevicauda Short-tailed Spiny-Rat CC, Pk 350 380 Proechimys pattoni50 Patton's Spiny-Rat Mk, Pk 340 480 Proechimys simonsi Simons' Spiny-Rat AC, Co, HE, It, M, Mk, 340 1180 Pk, Qc, VC Proechimys steerei Steere's Spiny-Rat CC, It, M, Pk 340 450 Total Species recorded to date: 222 Species Taxonomic notes ' Recent work (Costa et al., 2003) shows that Gracilinanus agilis occurs primarily in the Cerrado, so this could actually be G buenavistae or G. peruana (see Voss et al., 2005). 2 In keeping with other honorific names for mouse opossums, the common name for this species has been changed from that in Gardner (2005). Voss et al. (2001) recognized it as a valid species from western Amazonia, different from M. murine which is apparently restricted to the Guyanas. Its type locality (Ocobamba, Cuzco) is close to MBR. 4 Previously listed by Pacheco et al. (1993) as Marmosops parvidens but distinguished from that form by Voss et al. (2001). 5 Previously listed by Pacheco et al. (1993) as Monodelphis brevicaudata, this follows the usage of Voss et al. (2001). 6 Recognition of Monodelphis peruviana as specifically different from M. adusta, previously listed by Pacheco et al. (1993), follows unpublished analyses by Solari. 7 This new species of short-tailed opossum was described by Solari (2004) from a specimen taken at Pakitza. 8 Allocation of the silky anteater to a family of its own follows reappraisals of its distinctions by McKenna and Bell (1997), Gaudin and Branham (1998), and Delsuc et al. (2002). 9 Substantial changes in the higher-level classification of Primates reflect ongoing phylogenetic studies — many informed by molecular sequence analyses — and the reclassifications of Rylands et al. (2000) and Groves (2001). 10 This new record for the MBR is based on a sight record by Leite-Pitman et al. (2003) from Playa Bonita, at the northern border of Manu National Park. 11 In view of its broad distribution outside the Rio Tapajoz drainage, the more descriptive name used in Wilson and Cole (2000) and in various governmental listings is employed here. 12 Collins and Dubach (2000) demonstrated the distinction of Ateles chamek from A. paniscus, placing it closer to A. belzebuth. 13 This high-elevation species is being described by V. Pacheco, S. Solari, and R. Cadenillas. 14 Simmons (2005) listed planirostris as a synonym of A. jamaicensis, but Lim et al. (2004) showed that the two are distinct and not each other's sisters, recovering the relationships ((((obscurus + planirostris) + ampins) + (lituratus + intermedins)) + jamaicensis). 15 Formerly listed as Carollia castanea, this new species was described by Solari and Baker (2006). 16 This new species from southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia was described by Pacheco et al. (2004) from specimens collected in the Cosnipata Valley. 17 Many authorities have treated Dermanura, Koopmania, and Enchisthenes as subgenera of an inclusive Artibeus. None disputes the monophyly of these taxa {Koopmania and Enchisthenes are monotypic) or the monophyly of an Artibeus- Koopmania- Dermanura clade. We follow Van Den Bussche et al. (1998) in according generic status to both Dermanura and Enchisthenes. Although D. cinerea had been included in earlier checklists of Manu (e.g., Pacheco et al., 1993), Solari and coworkers (in prep.) restrict this species to northern South America. Specimens formerly listed as D. cinerea instead represent D. anderseni. 18 Use of Lophostoma instead of Tonatia for these species follows Lee et al. (2002). 19 This usage follows Simmons (2005), who employed the name that d'Orbigny and Gervais associated with the text description {"silvicolum"), not the revised plate associated with it ("syhicolum"). 20 The etymology of this scientific name was in honor of brothers Frank and Karl Schmidt; the common name is accordingly amended here to reflect its plural character. 21 This large, brightly striped species represents the southern member of what was formerly known as P. vittatus; it was described by Velazco (2005) from specimens collected during the recent transect. SOLARI ET AL.: MAMMALS OF MANU 19 Continued. 22 This montane-forest species was formerly reported as P. dorsalis but corresponds to a new species described by Velazco (2005) from transect-collected specimens. 23 This species was formerly reported as P. lineatus (Pacheco et al., 1993) and is treated as a synonym of that species by Simmons (2005). Distinction of P. nigellus from P. lineatus follows Velazco and Solari (2003) and is supported by phylogenetic analyses of Velazco (2005). 24 This species was distinguished from Vampyressa pusilla, as this species had been previously listed (Pacheco et al., 1993), by the molecular analyses of Lim et al. (2003). 25 Porter and Baker (2004) have shown that Vampyressa s.l. is paraphyletic — M. macconnelli is sister to a group of species (including melissa, throne, and pusilla) properly called Vampyressa, but a second group of species is basal to that clade. Accordingly, they allocated brocki and bidens to the genus Vampyriscus and separate Mesophylla from the Central American Ectophylla, where it sometimes has been placed. 26 During our field survey at San Pedro (2000), Roland Kays identified this small spotted cat over a bamboo field near our camp. 27 New MBR record based on a sight record and tracks from Cocha Cashu, by Leite-Pitman et al. (2003). 28 This new record for MBR is based on track records at Cocha Cashu by Leite-Pitman et al. (2003). 29 Use of Bassaricyon alleni for Peruvian populations of olingo (in place of B. gabbii as this record was previously listed) follows Wozencraft (2005). 30 For purposes of their meta-analysis, Voss and Emmons (1996) excluded Pacheco and Vivar's (1996) record of swamp deer from their list of forest animals of Cocha Cashu and Pakitza, believing it to be a savanna transient. However, there is no question concerning the accuracy or authenticity of the record. Recognition of Peruvian white-tailed deer as the distinct species Odocoileus peruvianus follows the provisional treatment of Molina and Molinari (1999). Recognized as a valid species by Thorington and Hoffmann (2005); however, its status was early questioned by Voss and Emmons (1996). On two occasions during our camp at Suecia, different parties observed a small reddish-brown squirrel obviously larger than Mierosciurus yet decidedly smaller than Sciurus igniventris or S. spadiceus. It appeared less reddish and more brown than S. pyrrhimts from the Huallaga drainage but may be related to that form. Inclusion of the subfamily Sigmodontinae in Cricetidae instead of Muridae follows Steppan et al. (2004) and Musser and Carleton (2005). This species is being described by Luna and Patterson. 36 Amazonian Nectomys are distinguished from Nectomys squamipes of the Atlantic Forest by their chromosomes (Bonvicino et al., 1996). Species limits in Amazonian water rats, especially N. apicalis and N. garleppii, need further investigation (Patton et al. 2000). With a type locality in Ocobamba, Cuzco, the name garleppii certainly applies to Manu populations, whether or not it proves to be distinct from apicalis. 37 Pending further study, the two ichthyomyine records for MBR are listed as a single species. 38 New record based on specimens from Cocha Cashu reported by Leite-Pitman et al. (2003). 19 This seems to be the best name for this small and grayish "colilargo," which occurs within the geographic and altitudinal range described by Carleton and Musser (1989). 40 This undescribed species is identified by the same name it was designated in Carleton and Musser's (1989) revision of Microryzomys. The awkwardness of this nomenclature and the abundance, ubiquity, and ecological roles of colilargos as agricultural pests and reservoirs for disease vectors warrant renewed attention to revisions of this group. 41 New record based on specimens from Cocha Cashu reported by Leite-Pitman et al. (2003). 42 Patterson and Luna are evaluating the distinctions of this species. 43 This distinctive mouse was described by Luna and Patterson (2003) in the enigmatic sigmodontine genus Rhagomys, hitherto known only from coastal Brazil (see also Percequillo et al., 2004). Its relationships to other sigmodontines are assessed in D'Elia et al. (2006), who relate it to the Andean endemics Aepeomys and Thomasomys as well as the widespread genus Rhipidomys. 44 This species was listed by Terborgh et al. (1984) and Pacheco et al. (1993) as Rhipidomys leucodactylus but represents the distinct species R. gardneri for reasons discussed by Patton et al. (2000). 45 This new species, denoted Thomasomys sp. 1 in Pacheco (2003), is a member of the aureus group and was earlier listed by Pacheco et al. (1993) as that species. 46 This new species, denoted Thomasomys sp. 9 in Pacheco (2003), is a member of the oreas group and was earlier listed by Pacheco et al. (1993) as that species. Also includes a specimen from Tres Cruces previously listed as T. gracilis. 20 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. 47 Usually called Dasyprocta punctata, both the scientific and common names for the smaller agouti follow Emmons and Feer (1997). 48 This crested cloud forest rodent was pictured in Patterson (2002) and is being described by Patterson and Velazco. 49 This species was previously recognized and listed as an Echimys; its removal from that genus is justified by Emmons (1993) and Patton et al. (2000). This new genus has recently been erected by Emmons (2005). 50 This species was previously listed as Proechimys sp. nov. 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Reeder, eds., Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3rd ed. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore. Maryland. 22 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve *~ § Barry Walker, Douglas F. Stotz,* Tatiana Pequeno, and John W. Fitzpatrick" Birds known from Manu Biosphere Reserve*, including records with vouchers or sight, sound, or sign records (localities in parentheses). Taxonomy, nomenclature, English names, and sequence follow Remsen et al. (2006), except as noted. Elevational range is given in meters. Localities for records documented during recent NSF-funded surveys of the reserve are presented with those supported by museum vouchers in bold, with sight and sound records appearing in normal font. Codes for seasonal status are R, Resident; B, Boreal Migrant; A, Austral Migrant; V, Vagrant. Documentation is encoded with s, Specimen (an asterisk indicates that a specimen collected during 1999-2001 expeditions was the first specimen for the MBR); r, Recording; p, Photograph; [blank], heard or seen only. Elevational Seasonal 1 Documen- range (m) ! status Localities tation Tinamiformes Tinamidae Gray Tinamou Tinamus tao 250-1300 R Mk, AC, Co s Black Tinamou Tinamus osgoodi 900 1350 R s Great Tinamou Tinamus major 250-700 R Mk, AC s White-throated Tinamou Tinamus guttatus 250-1100 R Mk, AC, Co r Hooded Tinamou Nothocercus nigrocapillus 1600-3200 R SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA r Cinereous Tinamou Crypturellus cinereus 250-1000 R Mk, AC, Co s Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui 250-1500 R Mk, AC, Co s Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus 450-2200 R Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA s Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulatus 250-800 R Mk, AC s Brazilian Tinamou Crypturellus strigulosus 350 R r Black-capped Tinamou Crypturellus atrocapillus 250-1000 R Mk, AC, Co s Variegated Tinamou Crypturellus variegatus 250-500 R AC s Bartlett's Tinamou Crypturellus bartletti 250-450 R AC s Taczanowski's Tinamou Nothoprocta taczanowskii 3200 R Andean Tinamou Nothoprocta pentlandii 2600^1000 R * Preferred citation: Walker, B., D. F. Stotz, T. Pequeno, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 2006. Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, pp. 23-49. In Patterson, B. D., D. F. Stotz, and S. Solari, eds., Mammals and Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru. Fieldiana: Zoology, n.s., No. 110. + Director, Manu Expeditions, P.O. Box 606, Cusco, Peru. * Conservation Ecologist, Environmental and Conservation Programs, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, U.S.A. I Biologo, Calle Federico Gerdes 141, San Miguel, Lima, Peru. II Director, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, U.S.A. * Previously published lists of birds from Manu National Park that were consulted in preparing this list are Terborgh et al, (1984), Karr et al. (1990), Servat (1995), and Walker (1998). FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, N.S., NO. 110, NOVEMBER 10, 2006, PP. 23-49 23 Continued. Elevational Seasona Documen- range (m) status Localities tation Anseriformes Anhimidae Horned Screamer Anhima cornuta 250-500 R P Anatidae Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor 300 V Black-bellied Whistling Demirocygna 600 V Duck autwnnalis Andean Goose Chloephaga melanoptera 3800 R Orinoco Goose Neochen jubata 250-500 R P Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata 250-500 R P Torrent Duck Merganetta arrnata 1400-2200 R SP. Su Crested Duck Lophonetta specularioides 3450 R AA Speckled Teal Anas flarirostris 3500 R AA Yellow-billed Pintail Anas georgica 3200 R Blue-winged Teal Anas discors 350 V Rosv-billed Pochard1 Xetta peposaca 350 V P Masked Duck Nomonyx dominica 250-500 R Galliformes Cracidae Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis guttata 250-1600 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Andean Guan Penelope montagnii 900-3200 R Co. SP. Su. Pi. LE. AA s Spix's Guan Penelope jacquacu 250-1500 R Mk. AC. Co s* Blue-throated Piping-Guar i Pipile cumanensis 250-500 R Mk p Wattled Guan Aburria aburri 650-1600 R SP. Su s Sickle-winged Guan Chamaepetes goudotii 2800 R Razor-billed Curassow Mitu tuberosum 250-1000 R Mk. Co s Odontophoridae Rufous-breasted Odontophorus 1000-2100 R Co. SP. Su. Pi s* Wood-Quail speciosus Stripe-faced Wood-Quail Odontophorus balliviani 800-3100 R LE. AA r Starred Wood-Quail Odontophorus stellatus 250-1050 R Mk. AC s Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus 250-500 R P Silvery Grebe Podiceps oeeipitalis 250 V Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus 250-3600 R Mk. AC. Co P Anhingidae Anhinga Anhinga anhinga 250-500 R P Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatuni 250-600 R Mk s Fasciated Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma fasciatum 400-1600 R Mk. AC. Co. Su s Agami Heron Agamia agami 250-500 R p Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius eochlearius 250-500 R AC s Zigzag Heron Zebrilus undulatus 250-500 R Stripe-backed Bittern I.xobrychus inrolucris 300 V p Least Bittern Ixobrychus e.xilis 250-500 R Black-crowned Xycticora.x nyeticorax 250-500 R Mk. AC Night-Heron 24 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Elevational Seasonal 1 Documen- range (m) status Localities tation Striated Heron Butorides striata 250-800 R s Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 250-1500 R Mk Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi 250-500 R Mk, AC s Great Egret Ardea alba 250-500 R Mk, AC P Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus 250-500 R Mk, AC P Snowy Egret Egretta thula 250-500 R Mk, AC Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea 250-600 R Mk Threskiornithidae Puna Ibis Plegadis ridgwayi (450) 3400-3500 R Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis 250-500 R P Black-faced Ibis Theristicus melanopis 3500 R Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja 250-500 R Ciconiidae Jabiru Jabiru mycteria 250-500 R P Wood Stork Mycteria americana 250-500 R Cathartidae Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura 250-2700 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Greater Yellow-headed Cathartes melambrotus 250-1100 R Mk, AC, Co P Vulture Black Vulture Coragyps atratus 250-1300 R Mk, AC, Co King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa 250-900 R Mk, AC Andean Condor Vultur gryphus 3500 R Phoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteridae Puna Flamingo Phoenicoparrus jamesi 350 V P Falconiformes Accipitridae Osprey Pandion haliaetus 250-500 B Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis 250-600 R AC Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus 250-2000 R Mk, SP Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus 250-2000 R Mk, AC, Co, SP Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii 250-500 R Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis 250-500 R Slender-billed Kite Rostrhamus hamatus 250-500 R Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus 250-1350 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Mississippi Kite Ictinia mississippiensis 250-500 B Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea 250-1450 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Cinereous Harrier Circus cinereus 2900^4000 R LE Long-winged Harrier Circus buffoni 300 V Gray-bellied Hawk Accipiter poliogaster 250-500 R Tiny Hawk Accipiter superciliosus 250-500 R Mk, AC s Semicollared Hawk Accipiter collar is 1100 2500 R SP Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus 900-3500 R Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA s Bicolored Hawk Accipiter bicolor 250-1300 R s Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens 250-500 R Slate-colored Hawk Leucopternis schistacea 250-500 R White-browed Hawk Leucopternis kuhli 250-500 R White Hawk Leucopternis albicollis 500-1500 R Mk Gray Hawk Asturina nitida 250-1200 R Great Black-Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga 250-500 R Mk, AC p Solitary Eagle Harpyhaliaetus solitarius 700-2100 R Co, SP, Su Black-collared Hawk Busarellus nigricollis 250-500 R Mk p WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 25 Continued. Elevational Seasona 1 Documen- range (m) s itatus Localities tation Black-chested Geranoaetus 2600^000 R Buzzard-Eagle melanoleucus Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris 250-2500 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus 250-3000 B LE White-rumped Hawk Buteo leucorrhous 1400-3500 R Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus 250-1100 R AC White-throated Hawk Buteo albigula 1500-3400 R Su Swainson's Hawk Buteo swainsoni 250-650 B Red-backed Hawk Buteo polyosoma 2000-3500 R Su, AA s Puna Hawk Buteo poecilochrous 3500 3800 R Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus 250-500 R Crested Eagle Morphnus guianensis 250-850 R Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja 250-500 R Black-and-white Spizastur melanoleucus 250-1300 R Hawk-Eagle Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus 250-1100 R Mk, AC Ornate Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus ornatus 250-1100 R AC s Black-and-chestnut Eagle Oroaetus isidori 900-3600 R SP, Pi, LE Falconidae Black Caracara Daptrius ater 250-600 R Mk, AC s Red-throated Caracara Ibyeter americanus 250-1250 R Mk, AC. Co, SP r Mountain Caracara Phalcoboenus megalopterus 2850-3500 R LE, AA Southern Caracara Polyborus plancus 450 V Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima 350 V Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans 250-1000 R Mk, AC, Co s Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis 250-2000 R Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su s Lined Forest-Falcon Micrastur gilvicollis 250-1000 R Mk, Co s Slaty-backed Forest-Falcon Micrastur mirandollei 250-500 R r Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus 250-1200 R SP r Buckley's Forest-Falcon Micrastur buckleyi 250-600 R Mk s American Kestrel Falco sparverius 2200-3500 R Su Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis 250-1500 R Mk, AC r Orange-breasted Falcon Falco deiroleucus 250-750 R Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis 2500-3500 R AA Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 350-3000 R Pi Gruiformes Aramidae Limpkin Aramus guarauna 250-500 R P Psophiidae Pale-winged Trumpeter Psophia leucoptera 250-1050 R AC s Rallidae Gray-necked Wood-Rail Ar amides cajanea 250-1450 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Uniform Crake Amaurolimnas concolor 250-1000 R Mk, Co r Black-banded Crake Anurolimnas fasciatus 500 R Mk Rufous-sided Crake Laterallus melanophaius 250-800 R Mk, Co s Gray-breasted Crake Laterallus ex His 250-600 R r Spotted Rail Pardirallus maculatus 250-500 V Blackish Rail Pardirallus nigricans 250-600 R r Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus 300 R Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica 250-500 R Mk s Azure Gallinule Porphyria flavirostris 250-300 A Heliornithidae Sungrebe Heliornis fulica 250-500 R s 26 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Elevational Seasonal 1 Documen- range (m) status Localities tation Charadriiformes Eurypygidae Sunbittern Eurypyga helias 250-1600 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Jacanidae Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana 250-300 R P Himantopidae Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus 250-1000 V Charadriidae Pied Lapwing Vanellus cayanus 250-500 R s Andean Lapwing Vanellus resplendens 3500 R American Golden-Plover Pluvialis dominica 250-2000 B Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola 350-500 B Collared Plover Charadrius collaris 250-500 R Mk s Scolopacidae Puna Snipe Gallinago andina 2700^000 R s Andean Snipe Gallinago jamesoni 2700-3550 R Pi, LE r Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus 300 V Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda 250-500 B s Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca 250-2850 B Mk, AC, LE s Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes 250-600 B AC Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria 250-3450 B Mk, AC, AA s Spotted Sandpiper Ac tit is macular ius 250-3500 B Mk, AC, Co, SP, AA s Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria inter pres 450-500 B Sanderling Calidris alba 250-500 B Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla 300 V White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis 250-3450 B AA s Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii 250-3450 B Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos 250-500 B s Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus 250-500 B Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subrujicollis 250-500 B Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor 250-3450 B AA p Laridae Andean Gull Larus serranus (300 R AA Franklin's Gull Larus pipixcan 350 V Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea 350 V p Yellow-billed Tern Sterna superciliaris 250-500 R Mk, AC p Black Tern Chlidonias niger 600 V Large-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex 250-500 R Mk, AC p Black Skimmer Rynchops niger 250-500 R p Columbiformes Columbidae Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti 250-700 R Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui 250-500 R s Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa 250-600 R Maroon-chested Claravis mondetoura 1900-2500 R Su, LE s* Ground-Dove Bare-faced Ground-Dove Metriopelia ceciliae 2000-2200 R Su Spot-winged Pigeon Patagioenas maculosa 3500^000 R Band-tailed Pigeon Patagioenas fasciata 1200-3500 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis 250-900 R Mk, AC, Co r Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea 250-1800 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Ruddy Pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea 250-1550 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata (250 R Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla 250-1250 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Sapphire Quail-Dove Geotrygon saphirina 600-1000 R Co WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 27 Continued. Elevational Seasonal Documen- range (m) < status Localities tation White-throated Geotrygon frenata 700-2850 R Co, SP. Su, LE s Quail-Dove Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana 250-1200 R Mk. AC. Co s Psittaciformes Psittacidae Blue-and-yellow Macaw Ara ararauna 250-1000 R Mk, AC P Military Macaw Ara militaris 600-1500 R Co Scarlet Macaw Ara macao 250-1000 R Mk, AC P Red-and-green Macaw Ara chloropterus 250-1050 R Mk, AC P Chestnut-fronted Macaw Ara sever us 250-1200 R Mk, AC, Co s Red-bellied Macaw Orthopsittaca manilata 250-650 R AC Blue-headed Macaw Primolius couloni 250-1300 R Mk, AC, Co s Mitred Parakeet Aratinga mitrata 2000-3200 R AA White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalma 250-1650 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Dusky-headed Parakeet Aratinga weddellii 250-700 R Mk, AC s Golden-plumed Parakeet Leptosittaea branickii 2500-3250 R r Painted Parakeet Pyrrhura picta 250-1000 R Mk. AC s Rock Parakeet Pyrrlutra rupicola 250-1100 R AC s Barred Parakeet Bolborhynchus lineola 1100-2550 R Co. SP, Su. Pi Andean Parakeet Bolborhynchus orbygnesius 2500-3500 R LE Dusky-billed Parrotlet Forpus sclateri 250-500 R Mk. AC r Cobalt-winged Parakeet Brotogeris cyanoptera 250-500 R Mk, AC s Tui Parakeet Brotogeris sanctithomae 250-500 R Amazonian Parrotlet Nannopsittaca dachilleae 250-1050 R Mk. AC r Scarlet-shouldered Touit huetii 300-1300 R s Parrotlet White-bellied Parrot Pionites leucogaster 250-500 R Mk, AC s Orange-cheeked Parrot Pionopsitta barrabandi 250-500 R Mk, AC P Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus 250-1250 R Mk, AC, Co s Speckle-faced Parrot Pionus tumultuosus 1100-3000 R SP, Su, Pi. LE, AA s* Yellow-crowned Parrot Amazona ochrocephala 250-850 R Mk. AC s Scaly-naped Parrot Amazona mercenaria 1100-3100 R Co. SP. Su, Pi, LE, AA r Mealy Parrot Amazona farinosa 250-1200 R Mk, AC, Co s Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomidae Hoatzin Opisthocomus hoazin 250-500 R s Cuculiformes Cuculidae Ash-colored Cuckoo Coccyzus cinereus 250-600 A Mk Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus 250-500 B AC s Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus 250-1000 B Co s Dark-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus melacoryphus 250-700 R Mk Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana 250-2800 R Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su, Pi Mk. AC s Black-bellied Cuckoo Piaya melanogaster 250-900 R s* Little Cuckoo Piaya minuta 250-600 R Mk s Greater Ani Crotophaga major 250-500 R P Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani 250-800 R Mk, AC, Co s Striped Cuckoo Taper a nacvia 250-500 R Pheasant Cuckoo Dromococcyx phasianellus 250-1000 R Mk r 28 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Elevational Seasona 1 Documen- range (m) status Localities tation Pavonine Cuckoo Dromococcyx pavoninus 250-900 R r Rufous-vented Neomorphus geoffroyi 250-700 R P Ground-Cuckoo Strigiformes Tytonidae Barn Owl Tyto alba 500-3500 R Pi, AA Strigidae Tropical Screech-Owl Megascops choliba 250-500 R AC Rufescent Screech-Owl Megascops ingens 1000-2100 R Co, SP, Su s Tawny-bellied Megascops watsonii 250-600 R Mk, AC s Screech-Owl Vermiculated Screech-Owl Megascops guatemalae 600-1600 R Co s White-throated Megascops albogularis 2500-3250 R LE s* Screech-Owl Crested Owl Lophostrix cristata 250-700 R s Spectacled Owl Pulsatrix perspicillata 250-600 R AC r Band-bellied Owl Pulsatrix melanota 650-1400 R Co r Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus 3400-3500 R Mottled Owl Ciccaba virgata 250-1050 R Mk, Co s Black-banded Owl Ciccaba huhula 250-500 R r Rufous-banded Owl Ciccaba albitarsis 1900-3200 R Su. Pi, LE s* Yungas Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium bolivianum 1500-3500 R Su, Pi, LE s Subtropical Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium parkeri 1000 R r Amazonian Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium hardyi 250-1150 R Mk r Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum 250-1000 R s Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia (500) 1900-3500 R Su Striped Owl Pseudoscops clamator 300 R Caprimulgiformes Steatornithidae Oilbird Steatornis caripensis 450-800 R AC s* Nyctibiidae Great Potoo Nyctibius grandis 250-600 R Mk, AC r Long-tailed Potoo Nyctibius aethereus 250-500 R Mk, AC s* Gray Potoo Nyctibius griseus 250-500 R Mk, AC, Co r Andean Potoo Nyctibius maculosus 1400-2800 R Pi r/p Caprimulgidae Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus 250-500 R AC Rufous-bellied Nighthawk Lurocalis rufiventris 1500-3450 R SP, Su, LE, AA Sand-colored Nighthawk Chordeiles rupestris 250-500 R Mk s Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor 300 B Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis 250-800 R Mk, AC s Ocellated Poorwill Nyctiphrynus ocellatus 250-1000 R Mk, AC s Silky-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus sericocaudatus 250-350 R r Band-winged Nightjar Caprimulgus longirostris 1700-3500 R Pi s* Blackish Nightjar Caprimulgus nigrescens 600-1200 R r Ladder-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis climacocerca 250-500 R Mk s Scissor-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis torquata 250-1700 R s Swallow-tailed Nightjar Uropsalis segmentata 2000-3500 R Pi, LE, AA s* Lyre-tailed Nightjar Uropsalis lyra 1300-2800 R SP, LE s Apodiformes Apodidae White-chinned Swift Cypseloides cryptus 600-1950 R SU s* WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 29 Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Localities Documen- tation White-chested Swift Chestnut-collared Swift White-collared Swift Gray-rumped Swift Pale-rumped Swift Chimney Swift Amazonian Swift Short-tailed Swift White-tipped Swift Andean Swift Fork-tailed Palm-Swift Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift Trochilidae Buff-tailed Sicklebill Rufous-breasted Hermit Pale-tailed Barbthroat Reddish Hermit2 White-browed Hermit White-bearded Hermit Green Hermit Koepcke's Hermit Needle-billed Hermit Great-billed Hermit Blue-fronted Lancebill Green-fronted Lancebill Gray-breasted Sabrewing White-necked Jacobin Brown Violet-ear Green Violet-ear Sparkling Violet-ear Black-throated Mango Violet-headed Hummingbird Rufous-crested Coquette Festive Coquette Wire-crested Thorntail Black-bellied Thorntail Blue-chinned Sapphire Blue-tailed Emerald Fork-tailed Woodnymph Rufous-throated Sapphire White-chinned Sapphire Golden-tailed Sapphire Many-spotted Hummingbird White-bellied Hummingbird Green-and-white Hummingbird Sapphire-spangled Emerald Speckled Hummingbird Cypse lodes lemosi 350-900 R Streptoprocne rutda 250-3000 R Mk, AC, Co, SP. SU, Pi, LE s Streptoprocne zonaris 250-4000 R Mk. AC. Co, SP. SU, LE, AA s Chaetura cinereiventris 250-1450 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Chaetura egregia 250-1600 R Mk. Co s Chaetura pelagica 250-500 B Chaetura viridipennis 500^600 R Chaetura brachyura 250-1000 R Mk, Co Aeronaut es montivagus 1800-3000 R Aeronautes andecolus 2800^3500 R Tachornis squamata 250-800 R Panyptila cayennensis 250-800 R Mk Eutoxeres condamini 450-1950 R Mk. AC. Co. SP. SU s Glaucis hirsutus 250-1000 R Mk, AC. Co s Threnetes leucurus 250-1200 R Mk. AC. Co s Phaethornis ruber 250-1400 R MK. AC. Co s Phaethornis stuarti 450 R s Phaethornis hispidus 250 1400 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Phaethornis guy 550-1600 R Co. SP s Phaethornis koepckeae 500-1300 R Mk. AC s Phaethornis philippii 250-500 R s Phaethornis malaris 250-1350 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Dory f era johannae 50CM000 R p Dor yf era ludovicae 800-1900 R Co. SP. Su s Campylopterus 250-1300 R Mk. AC. Co s largipennis Florisuga mellivora 250-1200 R Mk. AC. Co s Colibri delphinae 800-1700 R s Colibri thalassinus 1000 2850 R Co. SP. Su. Pi. LE s Colibri coruscans 400^3500 R Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su, LE, AA s Anthracothorax 250-800 R Mk nigricollis Klais guimeti 500-1000 R s Lophornis delattrei 500-1900 R Su p Lophornis chalybeus 250-400 R p Discosura popelairii 500-1500 R Co p Discosura langsdorfft 250 R Chlorestes notata 500-900 R Co Chlorostilbon 250-900 R AC. Co mellisugus Thalurania furcata 250-1400 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Hylocharis sapphirina 500 R Hylocharis cyanus 250-500 R Chrysuronia oenone 250-1550 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Taphrospilus 750-1500 R Co s hypostictus Amazilia chionogaster 1 100-3400 R s Amazilia viridicauda 1500-2500 R SP Amazilia lactea 250-1400 R Mk. SP s* Adelomyia 1000-2800 R Co. SP. Su. Pi. LE s melanogenys 30 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Elevational Seasona 1 Documen- range (m) status Localities tation Peruvian Piedtail Phlogophilus harterti 750-1500 R Co s Rufous-webbed Brilliant Heliodoxa branickii 650 1400 R s Black-throated Brilliant Heliodoxa schreibersii 600-1250 R s Gould's Jewelfront Heliodoxa aurescens 250-1050 R Mk, AC, Co s Fawn-breasted Brilliant Helidoxia rubinoides 1500-2200 R SP, Su s* Violet-fronted Brilliant Heliodoxa leadbeateri 900-2000 R Co, SP, Su s Chestnut-breasted Boissonneaua 1900-2900 R Su, Pi, LE s Coronet matthewsii Shining Sunbeam Aglaeactis cupripennis 2500-3350 R Pi, LE, AA S* White-tufted Sunbeam Aglaeactis castelnaudii 2500-3500 R Andean Hillstar Oreotrochilus estella 3000-3500 R Mountain Velvetbreast Lafresnaya lafresnaya 2000-3200 R LE S* Bronzy Inca Coeligena coeligena 1000 2400 R Co, SP, Su, Pi s Collared Inca Coeligena torquata 2000-3000 R Pi, LE s Violet-throated Coeligena violifer 1900-3350 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s Starfrontlet Sword-billed Ensifera ensifera 2500-3500 R Pi, LE, AA s* Hummingbird Great Sapphirewing Pterophanes cyanopterus 2600-3500 R Pi, LE, AA s* Giant Hummingbird Patagona gigas 3400-3500 R AA Amethyst-throated Heliangelus 1950-3500 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s Sunangel amethysticollis Sapphire-vented Puffleg Eriocnemis luciani 2400-3450 R Pi, AA s Buff-thighed Puffleg Haplophaedia assimilis 1500-2200 R SP, Su s Booted Racket-tail Ocreatus underwoodii 1000-1850 R Co, SP, Su s Green-tailed Trainbearer Lesbia nuna 3000-3500 R Purple-backed Thornbill Ramphomicron microrhynchum 2500-3500 R Tyrian Metaltail Metallura tyrianthina 1900-3500 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s Scaled Metaltail Metallura aeneocauda 2750-3500 R Pi Rufous-capped Thornbill Chalcostigma ruficeps 1800-2700 R Su, Pi, LE s Long-tailed Sylph Aglaiocercus kingi 1200 2200 R SP, Su s Wedge-billed Schistes geoffroyi 800-1900 R Co, SP s Hummingbird Black-eared Fairy Heliothryx aurita 250-1100 R Mk, AC, Co s Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris 250-600 R Mk, AC Amethyst Woodstar Calliphlox amethystina 250-800 R Co p White-bellied Woodstar Chaetocercus mulsant 900-3000 R Co, SP, Su s Trogoniformes Trogonidae White-tailed Trogon Trogon viridis 250-750 R Mk, AC r Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui 250-1500 R Mk, AC, Co s Violaceous Trogon Trogon violaceus 250-800 R Mk, AC s Collared Trogon Trogon collaris 250-1050 R Mk, AC, Co s Masked Trogon Trogon personatus 1100-3500 R Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA s Black-tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus 250-1000 R Mk, AC, Co s Pavonine Quetzal Pharomachrus pavoninus 250-1200 R AC s Golden-headed Quetzal Pharomachrus auriceps 1300-2800 R SP, Su, Pi, LE s* Crested Quetzal Pharomachrus antisianus 1000-2100 R SP, Su s* Coraciiformes Alcedinidae Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquata 250-1000 R Mk, AC, Co p Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona 250-1300 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana 250-1350 R Mk, AC s WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 31 Continued. Elevational Seasona 1 Documen- range (m) « status Localities tation Green-and-rufous Chloroceryle inda 250-500 R Mk, AC s Kingfisher American Pygmy Chloroceryle aenea 250-500 R Mk s Kingfisher Momotidae Broad-billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum 250-700 R AC s Rufous Motmot Baryph thengus martii 250-1600 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Blue-crowned Motmot Momotus momota 250-700 R Mk, AC s Highland Motmot3 Momotus aequatorialis 1000-2400 R Co, SP, Su, s Galbuliformes Galbulidae Purus Jacamar Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus 250^00 R r White-throated Jacamar Brachygalba albogidaris 250-600 R Mk, AC s Bluish-fronted Jacamar Galbida cyanescens 250-1450 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Paradise Jacamar Galbula dea 250-500 R Great Jacamar Jacamerops aureus 250-500 R AC s* Bucconidae White-necked Puffbird Notharchus hyperrhynchus 250-550 R AC r Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus 250-500 R Chestnut-capped Puffbird Bucco macrodactylus 250-1000 R Mk, AC s Spotted Puffbird Bucco tamatia 250-500 R s Collared Puffbird Bucco capensis 250-500 R Striolated Puffbird Nystalus striolatus 250-1200 R Mk, AC, Co s Semicollared Puffbird Malacoptila semicincta 250-1250 R AC. Co s Black-streaked Puffbird Malacoptila fulvogularis 900-1950 R SP, Su s Lanceolated Monklet Micromonacha lanceolata 500-1500 R Co s Rufous-capped Nunlet Nonnula ruficapilla 250-1250 R Mk, Co s Black-fronted Nunbird Monasa nigrifrons 250-750 R Mk, AC s White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus 250-750 R AC s Yellow-billed Nunbird Monasa flavirostris 250-1250 R Mk, Co s* Swallow-wing Chclidoptera tenebrosa 250 800 R Mk, AC, Co s Piciformes Capitonidae Gilded Barbet Capito auratus 250-1350 R AC s Lemon-throated Barbet Eubucco richardsoni 250-1000 R Mk, AC, Co s Scarlet-hooded Barbet Eubucco tucinkae 250-800 R Mk s Versicolored Barbet Eubucco versicolor 750 2100 R Co. SP, Su s Ramphastidae White-throated Toucan Ramphastos tucanus 250-800 R Mk, AC, Co s Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus 250-600 R Mk, AC s Emerald Toucanet Aulacorhynchus prasinus 250-1500 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Chestnut-tipped Toucanet Aulacorhynchus derbianus 800-1550 R Co, SP s Blue-banded Toucanet A ulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis 1300-2700 R SP, Su, Pi, LE s* Gray-breasted Andigena hypoglauca 1450-3500 R Pi, LE, AA s* Mountain-Toucan Golden-collared Toucanet Selenidera reimvardtii 250-1050 R Mk, AC s Lettered Aracari Pteroglossus inscriptus 250-500 R Mk p Ivory-billed Aracari Pteroglossus azara 250-1200 R AC, Co s Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis 250-1000 R Mk, AC, Co s 32 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Elevational Seasonal Documen- range (m) ! status Localities tation Curl-crested Aracari Pteroglossus beauharnaesii 250 800 R AC s Picidae Bar-breasted Piculet Picumnus aurifrons 250-1250 R AC s Ocellated Piculet Picumnus dorbignyanus 1950 R Su Rufous-breasted Piculet Picumnus rufiventris 250-1250 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Fine-barred Piculet Picumnus subtilis 450-1100 R Mk, AC, Co s Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus 250-1200 R Mk, AC, Co s Bar-bellied Woodpecker Veniliornis nigriceps 2400-3500 R LE, AA s Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus 250-1000 R Mk, AC, Co s Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affmis 250-1400 R AC, Co s White-throated Piculus leucolaemus 250-850 R AC s Woodpecker Golden-green Woodpecker Piculus chrysochloros 250-500 R Golden-olive Woodpecker Piculus rubiginosus 750-2000 R SP, Su s Crimson-mantled Piculus rivolii 1500-3350 R SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA s* Woodpecker Spot-breasted Woodpecker ' Colaptes punctigula 250-800 R s Andean Flicker Colaptes rupicola 3000-3500 R Scaly-breasted Celeus grammicus 250-1200 R Mk, AC s Woodpecker Chestnut Woodpecker Celeus elegans 250-500 R s Cream-colored Celeus flavus 250-500 R Mk, AC r/p Woodpecker Rufous-headed Celeus spectabilis 250-500 R Mk s Woodpecker Ringed Woodpecker Celeus torquatus 250-500 R r Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus 250 1550 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Crimson-bellied Campephilus 1450-2000 R SP, Su s Woodpecker haematogaster Red-necked Woodpecker Campephilus rubricollis 300-650 R Mk, AC s Crimson-crested Campephilus 250-1400 R Mk, AC, Co s Woodpecker melanoleucos Passeriformes Furnariidae Slender-billed Miner Geositta tenuirostris 3100-3500 R Bar-winged Cinclodes Cinclodes fuscus 3350-3500 R AA s* Pale-legged Hornero Furnarius leucopus 250 1100 R Mk, AC, Co s Andean Tit-Spinetail Leptasthenura andicola 3500 R Puna Thistletail Schizoeaca helleri 2700-3500 R LE, AA s Azara's Spinetail Synallaxis azarae 1000-3000 R Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE s Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens 600 V Dark-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albigularis 250 900 R Mk, Co s Ruddy Spinetail Synallaxis rutilans 250^100 R r Chestnut-throated Synallaxis cherriei 300 R s Spinetail Cabanis' Spinetail Synallaxis cabanisi 250-1500 R Mk, Co, SP s Plain-crowned Spinetail Synallaxis gujanensis 250-1300 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Marcapata Spinetail Cranioleuca marcapatae 2350-3500 R Pi, LE, AA s Ash-browed Spinetail Cranioleuca curtata 700-1600 R Co, SP s Speckled Spinetail Cranioleuca gutturata 250-1100 R Mk, AC, Co s Creamy-crested Spinetail Cranioleuca albicapilla 2500-3300 R Pi s Plain Softtail Thripophaga fusciceps 250-600 R Mk r Streak-throated Canastero Asthenes humilis 3500 R Line-fronted Canastero Asthenes urubambensis 3350-3450 R AA s Scribble-tailed Canastero A sthenes maculicauda 3450-3500 R AA P WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 33 Continued. Elevational Seasona Documen- range (m) status Localities tation Orange-fronted Metopothrix 250-1100 R Mk s Plushcrown aurantiacus Rusty-winged Barbtail Premnomis guttuligera 1300-2500 R Su s* Spotted Barbtail Premnoplex brunnescens 900-2100 R Co, SP, Su s Pearled Treerunner Margarornis squamiger 1900-3500 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s Streaked Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii 2000 3500 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s* Point-tailed Palmcreeper Berlepschia rikeri 250-600 R r Montane Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia striaticollis 1000-2000 R SP, Su s Buff-browed Syndactyla 1000-1950 R SP, Su s Foliage-gleaner rufosuperciliata Peruvian Recurvebill Simoxenops ucayalae 250-1300 R Mk, Co s Chestnut-winged Hookbill Ancistrops strigilatus 250-1100 R Mk, AC, Co s Striped Woodhaunter Hyloctistes subulatus 250-1300 R Mk, AC s Rufous-tailed Philydor ruficaudatum 250 900 R AC s Foliage-gleaner Rufous-rumped Philydor 250-500 R AC s Foliage-gleaner erythrocercum Ochre-bellied Philydor ochrogaster 750 1600 R Co, SP s Foliage-gleaner4 Chestnut-winged Philydor 250-900 R Mk, AC s Foliage-gleaner erythropterum Buff-fronted Philydor rufum 250-1000 R Mk s Foliage-gleaner Cinnamon-rumped Philydor pyrrhodes 250^150 R AC s Foliage-gleaner Dusky-cheeked Anabazenops dorsalis 250-1350 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Foliage-gleaner Black-billed Treehunter Thripadectes melanorhynchus 900 1600 R Co, SP s Striped Treehunter Thripadectes holostictus 1500-2500 R SP, Su s Buff-throated Treehunter Thripadectes scrutator 2300-3200 R Pi, A A s* Buff-throated Automolus 250-1400 R Mk, AC, Co s Foliage-gleaner ochrolaemus Olive-backed Automolus infuscatus 250-550 R Mk, AC s Foliage-gleaner Brown-rumped Automolus 250^150 R s Foliage-gleaner melanopezus Ruddy Foliage-gleaner Automolus rubiginosus 250-1400 R Mk, Co s Chestnut-crowned Automolus rufipileatus 250 1000 R Mk, AC, Co s Foliage-gleaner Tawny-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus mexicanus 250-1100 R AC, Co s Black-tailed Leaftosser Sclerurus caudacutus 250 1100 R AC s Gray-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus albigularis 350-1500 R s Sharp-tailed Streamcreepei Lochmias nematura 500-2850 R AC, Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE Mk s Rufous-tailed Xenops Xenops milleri 250-500 R Slender-billed Xenops Xenops tenuirostris 250-500 R AC s Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans 500-1600 R AC, Co, SP s Plain Xenops Xenops minutus 250-1500 R Mk, AC, Co s Tyrannine Woodcreeper Dendrocincla tyrannina 2100-3150 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa 250-1200 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s White-chinned Dendrocincla merula 250-500 R Mk, AC s Woodcreeper 34 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Localities Documen- tation Long-tailed Woodcreeper Deconychura longicauda 250-1250 R AC s Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus 250-1200 R Mk, AC, Co s Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus 250-1400 R Mk, AC, Co s spirurus Long-billed Woodcreeper Nasica longirostris 250-500 R s Cinnamon-throated Dendrexetastes 250-1100 R Mk, AC, Co s Woodcreeper rufigula Bar-bellied Woodcreeper Hylexetastes stresemanni 250-500 R Strong-billed Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes 1200-2500 R SP, Su, Pi s promeropirhynchus Rusty-breasted Xiphocolaptes 500-1100 R Mk, AC, Co s Woodcreeper5 orenocensis Amazonian Barred Dendrocolaptes certhia 250-800 R Mk, AC s Woodcreeper Black-banded Dendrocolaptes 250-1350 R s Woodcreeper picumnus Straight-billed Xiphorhynchus picus 250-500 R Mk s Woodcreeper Striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus obsoletus 250-500 R s Ocellated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus ocellatus 250-1350 R Co s Elegant Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus elegans 250-600 R Mk, AC s Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus 250-850 R Mk, AC, Co s guttatus Olive-backed Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus 1100-2400 R SP, Su s triangularis Montane Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger 2000-3200 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s Lineated Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes albolineatus 250-1100 R Mk, AC s Greater Scythebill Campy lor hamphus pucherani 2100-3000 R r Red-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris 250-1500 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Thamnophilidae Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus 250-950 R Mk, AC s Bamboo Antshrike Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae 250-1450 R Mk, Co, SP s Undulated Antshrike Frederickena unduligera 250-1050 R s Great Antshrike Taraba major 250-1500 R Mk, AC, Co s Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus 250-1000 R AC s Chestnut-backed Thamnophilus palliatus 500-1600 R Mk, Co, SP s Antshrike White-shouldered Thamnophilus aethiops 250-950 R Mk, AC s Antshrike Uniform Antshrike Thamnophilus unicolor 1250-2000 R SP, Su s Plain-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus schistaceus 250-1400 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Amazonian Antshrike Thamnophilus amazonicus 250^100 R r Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus caerulescens 1250-2000 R Su s Black Bushbird Neoctantes niger 250-800 R s Russet Antshrike Thamnistes anabatinus 700-1500 R Co, SP s Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis 600-1600 R Co, SP s WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 35 Continued Elevational Seasonal Documen- range (m) status Localities tation Dusky-throated Antshrike Thamnotnanes ardesiacus 250-850 R AC s Bluish-slate Antshrike Thamnotnanes schistogynus 250-1400 R Mk. AC. Co s Spot-winged Antshrike Pygiptila stellaris 250-600 R Mk. AC s White-eyed Antwren Myrmotherula leueophthalma 250-800 R Mk. AC s Foothill Antwren Myrmotherula spodionota 700-1350 R Co s Ornate Antwren Myrmotherula ornata 250-1500 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Rufous-tailed Antwren Myrmotherula erythrura 250-900 R Mk. AC s Pygmy Antwren Myrmotherula brachyura 250-1300 R Mk. AC. Co s Sclater's Antwren Myrmotherula selateri 250-700 R AC s* Amazonian Streaked Myrmotherula 250-500 R Mk. AC r Antwren multostriata Stripe-chested Antwren Myrmotherula longieauda 500-1550 R Co. SP s Plain-throated Antwren Myrmotherula hauxnelli 250-500 R Mk. AC s White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris 250-1400 R Mk. AC s Slaty Antwren Myrmotherula sehisticolor 1100-1950 R Co. SP. Su s Long-winged Antwren Myrmotherula longipennis 250-700 R AC s Ihering"s Antwren Myrmotherula iheringi 250-650 R Mk s Gray Antwren Myrmotherula menetriesii 250-1100 R Mk. AC. Co s Banded Antbird Dichrozona cincta 250-150 R r Yellow -breasted Antwren Herpsiloehmus axillaris 750-1600 R Co. SP s Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsiloehmus rufimarginatus 250-1000 R Mk. AC s Dot-winged Antwren Mierorhopias quixensis 250-1350 R Mk. AC. Co s Striated Antbird Drymophila devillei 250-1300 R Mk s Long-tailed Antbird Drymophila caudata 1650-2100 R Su s* Rufous-rumped Antwren Terenura callinota 750-1000 R Chestnut-shouldered Terenura humeralis 250-650 R AC r Antwren Yellow -rumped Antwren Terenura sharpei 1000-1550 R Co. SP r/p Gray Antbird Cercomacra cinerascens 250-1000 R Mk. AC s Blackish Antbird Cercomacra nigrescens 250-600 R Mk. AC s Black Antbird Cercomacra serva 250-1550 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Manu Antbird Cercomacra manu 25CM350 R Mk. Co s White-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena leuconota 500-1850 R Co. SP s White-browed Antbird Myrmohorus leucophrys 250-1350 R Mk. AC. Co s Black-faced Antbird Myrmohorus myotherinus 251V 1250 R Mk. AC. Co s Warbling Antbird Hypocnemis cantator 250-1600 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Band-tailed Antbird Hypocnemoides maculicauda 250-500 R s Silvered Antbird Sclateria naevia 250-600 R Mk. AC s White-lined Antbird Percnostola lophotes 250-1350 R Mk. AC. Co s Spot-winged Antbird Schistocichla leucostigma 250-1400 R Mk. Co. SP s Chestnut-tailed Antbird Myrmeciza hemimelaena 250-1550 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s 36 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Elevational Seasona 1 Documen- range (m) status Localities tation Black-throated Antbird Myrmeciza atrothorax 250-1000 R Mk, AC, Co s Goeldi's Antbird Myrmeciza goeldii 250-800 R Mk, AC, Co s Plumbeous Antbird Myrmeciza hyperythra 250-800 R Mk, Co s Sooty Antbird Myrmeciza fortis 250-1300 R Mk, AC, Co s White-throated Antbird Gymnopithys salvini 250-800 R Mk, AC, Co s Hairy-crested Antbird Rhegmatorhina melanosticta 250-1200 R AC, Co s Spot-backed Antbird Hylophylax naevius 250-1200 R Mk, AC, Co s Scale-backed Antbird Hylophylax poecilinotus 250-850 R AC s Black-spotted Bare-eye Phlegopsis nigromaculata 250-1250 R Mk, AC, Co s Formicariidae Rufous-capped Antthrush Formicarius colma 250-500 R AC s Black-faced Antthrush Formicarius analis 250-1150 R Mk, AC, Co s Rufous-fronted Antthrush Formicarius rufifrons 250-350 R r/p Rufous-breasted Antthrush Formicarius rufipectus 1100-1700 R Co, SP s Short-tailed Antthrush Chamaeza campanisona 1100-1600 R s Striated Antthrush Chamaeza nobilis 250^50 R s Barred Antthrush Chamaeza mollissima 1900-3100 R Su, AA s* Undulated Antpitta Grallaria squamigera 2350-3500 R LE, AA s Scaled Antpitta Grallaria guatimalensis 700-1600 R Co, SP s Elusive Antpitta Grallaria eludens 250-400 R r White-throated Antpitta Grallaria albigula 1150-2100 R SP, Su s* Red-and-white Antpitta Grallaria erythroleuca 2100 3000 R Pi r/p Rufous Antpitta Grallaria rufula 1800 3500 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s* Amazonian Antpitta Hylopezus berlepschi 250-600 R Mk, AC s Thrush-like Antpitta Myrmothera campanisona 250-1200 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Ochre-breasted Antpitta Grallaricula fla virostris 800-2200 R Su s* Rusty-breasted Antpitta Grallicula ferrugineipectus 2600-3250 R LE, AA r Conopophagidae Ash-throated Gnateater Conopophaga peruviana 250-900 R Mk, AC s Chestnut-crowned Conophaga 1200-2000 R r Gnateater castaneiceps Slaty Gnateater Conopophaga ardesiaca 850-1650 R Co, SP s Rhinocryptidae Rusty-belted Tapaculo Liosceles thoracicus 250-1100 R Mk, AC, Co s Trilling Tapaculo Scytalopus parvirostris 2100-3450 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s* White-crowned Tapaculo Scytalopus atratus 1000-2200 R Co, SP, Su s Andean Tapaculo Scytalopus simonsi 2800-3500 R r Diademed Tapaculo Scytalopus schulenbergi 2800-3350 R r Tyrannidae Rough-legged Tyrannulet Phyllomyias burmeisteri 750-1600 R s Sclater's Tyrannulet Phyllomyias sclateri 1900 R Su Ashy-headed Tyrannulet Phyllomyias cinereiceps 1300-2700 R SP Tawny-rumped Phyllomyias 2700-2800 R Pi, LE s* Tyrannulet uropygialis Yellow-crowned Tyrannulus elatus 250-850 R Mk, AC, Co s Tyrannulet Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii 250-900 R Mk, AC, Co r Gray Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps 250-550 R AC s Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata 250-500 R s WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 37 Continued. Elevational Seasonal Documen- range (m) « itatus Localities tation Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster 450-900 R Co s Large Elaenia Elaenia spectabilis 250-1450 A AC, SP s White-crested Elaenia Elaenia albiceps 500-3250 R SP. Su. Pi. LE, AA s Small-billed Elaenia Elaenia parvirostris 250-1300 A Mk, Co s Slaty Elaenia Elaenia strepera 250-450 A s Mottle-backed Elaenia Elaenia gigas 250-1550 R Mk. Co. SP s Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis 500-600 R r Highland Elaenia Elaenia obscura 1700-3000 R Sierran Elaenia Elaenia pallatangae 1100-3250 R SP, Pi, LE, AA s Mouse-colored Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina 250-500 R Mk. AC White-lored Tyrannulet Ornithion inerme 250-1000 R Mk, AC. Co s Southern Camptostoma 250-500 R Mk s Beardless-Tyrannulet obsoletum White-banded Tyrannulet Mecocerculus stictopterus 2400-3350 R Pi. LE. AA s* White-throated Mecocerculus 1800-3500 R Su. Pi. LE, AA s Tyrannulet leucophrys Tufted Tit-Tyrant Anairetes parulus 2500-3450 R Pi. LE. AA s Torrent Tyrannulet Serpophaga cinerea 600-3000 R SP. Su, Pi s River Tyrannulet Serpophaga hypoleuca 250-500 R Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaxeola 250-1050 R Mk. Co s Subtropical Doradito Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis 500 A s Hazel-fronted Pseudotriccus simplex 1100-1900 R Co. SP. Su s Pygmy-Tyrant Ringed Antpipit Corythopis torquatus 250-1050 R Mk. AC s Tawny-crowned Euscartlunus 600 V Pygmy-Tyrant meloryphus Bolivian Tyrannulet Zimmerius bolivianus 1000-2600 R Co. SP. Su. Pi s Red-billed Tyrannulet Zimmerius cinereicapillus 550 1300 R Co s Slender-footed Tyrannulet Zimmerius gracilipes 250-850 R Mk. AC. Co s Variegated Bristle-Tyrant Phylloscartes poecilotis 1500^2300 R Su Marble-faced Phylloscartes 750-1800 R Co. SP s Bristle-Tyrant ophthalmicus Spectacled Bristle-Tyrant Phylloscartes orbitalis 500-1250 R s Mottle-cheeked Phylloscartes ventralis 1000-1650 R Co. SP s Tyrannulet Cinnamon-faced Phylloscartes parkeri 650-1550 R Co. SP s Tyrannulet Streak-necked Flycatcher Mionectes striaticollis 550-2750 R Co. SP, Su. Pi. LE s Olive-striped Flycatcher Mionectes olivaceus 250-1400 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus 250-1350 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s McConnell's Flycatcher Mionectes macconnelli 250-1200 R Mk. AC. Co s Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus 250-1100 R Mk, AC. Co s Slaty-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris 600-1800 R Co. SP. Su s Inca Flycatcher Leptopogon taczanowskii 1850-2750 R Su. Pi s* Southern Scrub-Flycatcher Sublegatus modestus 250-1050 A Mk s Amazonian Sublegatus obscurior 250-600 R s Scrub- Flycatcher Plain Tyrannulet Inezia inornata 250-500 A Mk, AC Ornate Flycatcher Myiotriccus ornatus 500-1500 R Co s Short-tailed Myiornis ecaudatus 250-800 R Mk. AC. Co s Pygmy-Tyrant Scale-crested Lophotriccus pileatus 800-1800 R Co. SP s Pygmy-Tyrant 38 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Localities Documen- tation Long-crested Lophotriccus 250-500 R s Pygmy-Tyrant eulophotes Flammulated Hemitriecus 250-850 R Mk, Co s Bamboo-Tyrant flammulatus White-bellied Hemitriecus 250-850 R AC s Tody-Tyrant griseipectus Johannes' Tody-Tyrant Hemitriecus iohannis 250-800 R s Black-throated Hemitriecus 2600-3000 R LE, AA s Tody-Tyrant granadensis Buff-throated Hemitriecus rufigularis 750-1100 R s Tody-Tyrant White-cheeked Poecilotriccus 250-1050 R Mk, AC, Co s Tody-Tyrant albifacies Ochre-faced Poecilotriccus 1600-2150 R SP, Su r Tody- Flycatcher plumbeiceps Rusty-fronted Poecilotriccus 250-1000 R Mk, AC, Co s Tody-Flycatcher latirostris Black-backed Poecilotriccus 600-1500 R Co s Tody-Flycatcher pulchellus Spotted Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum maculatum 250-500 R r Yellow-browed Todirostrum 250-1000 R Mk, AC s Tody-Flycatcher chrysocrotaphum Olivaceous Flatbill Rhynchocyclus olivaceus 250-1000 R s Fulvous-breasted Flatbill Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus 1000-2000 R Co, SP, Su s Yellow-margined Tolmomyias assimilis 250-1000 R Mk, AC, Co s Flycatcher Gray-crowned Flycatcher Tolmomyias poliocephalus 250-1450 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Yellow-breasted Tolmomyias 250-1500 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Flycatcher flaviventris White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus 800-1800 R Co, SP s Golden-crowned Spadebill Platyrinchus coronatus 250-500 R AC r White-crested Spadebill Platyrinchus platyrhynchos 250-850 R s Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus 250-500 R AC s Unadorned Flycatcher Myiophohus inornatus 1000-2150 R SP, Su s Handsome Flycatcher Myiophobus pulcher 1500-2600 R Su, Pi s Ochraceous-breasted Myiophobus 2200-3400 R Su, Pi, LE s* Flycatcher ochraceiventris Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus 250-1450 A Mk, AC, Co, SP s Tawny-breasted Myiobius villosus 650-1350 R s Flycatcher Sulphur-rumped Myiobius barbatus 250-650 R AC s Flycatcher Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher Terenotriccus erythrurus 250-950 R Mk, AC s Cinnamon Neopipo cinnamomea 250-700 R s Tyrant-Manakin Cinnamon Flycatcher Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea 900-2850 R Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE s Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea 500-1200 R s Euler's Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri 250-1500 R AC, Co s Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus 250-500 R s Alder Flycatcher Empidonax alnonim 250-1600 B Co s Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi 250-2000 B Co s WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 39 Continued. Elevational Seasonal Documen- range (in) • status Localities tation Smoke-colored Pewee Contopus fumigatus 1000-2800 R Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE s* Western Wood-Pewee Contopus sordidulus 600-1400 B s Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus virens 250-1400 B Co, SP s Olive Flycatcher Mitrephanes olivaceus 1550-2100 R SP, Su s* Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans 600-2000 R Co, SP s Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus 250-600 A Mk, AC s Andean Tyrant Knipolegus signatus 1000-2700 R Rufous-tailed Tyrant Knipolegus poecilurus 900-2200 R Su s White-winged Knipolegus aterrimus 1250-3500 R SP, Pi, LE s Black-Tyrant Drab Water-Tyrant Ochthornis littoralis 250-500 R Mk, AC s Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys 250-500 A Mk Little Ground-Tyrant Muscisaxicola fluviatilis 250-1600 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Black-billed Shrike-Tyrant Agriornis montana 3350-3500 R AA Streak-throated Myiotheretes (250) 1300-3500 R Pi, LE, AA s Bush-Tyrant striaticollis Smoky Bush-Tyrant Myiotheretes fumigatus 2000-3200 R Rufous-bellied Myiotheretes 2350-3400 R Pi, LE, AA s Bush-Tyrant fuscorufus Red-rumped Bush-Tyrant Cnemarchus erythropygius 3250-3350 R Rufous-webbed Tyrant Polioxolmis rufipennis 3000-3400 R Black-backed Fluvicola albiventer 250^150 A p Water-Tyrant Crowned Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca frontalis 3200-3500 R AA s* Golden-browed Ochthoeca pulchella 2200-3250 R Su, Pi, LE s Chat-Tyrant Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris 1500-2800 R Su, Pi, LE s Rufous-breasted Ochthoeca 2500-3450 R Pi, LE, AA s Chat-Tyrant rufipectoralis Brown-backed Ochthoeca fumicolor 3250-3500 R AA s Chat-Tyrant D'Orbigny's Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca oenanthoides 3400-3500 R AA White-browed Ochthoeca leucophrys 3000-3500 R Chat-Tyrant Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus 300-1300 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius 250-1200 R Mk, AC, Co s Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis 250-1500 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Gray-capped Flycatcher Myiozetetes granadensis 250-1300 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Dusky-chested Flycatcher Myiozetetes luteiventris 250-500 R Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus 250-1000 R Mk, AC s Lesser Kiskadee Pitangus lictor 250-500 R s Three-striped Flycatcher Conopias trivirgata 250 R Lemon-browed Flycatcher Conopias cinchoneti 900-1950 R Co, SP, Su s* Golden-crowned Myiodynastes 600-2750 R Co, SP, Su, Pi s Flycatcher chrysocephalus Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Myiodynastes luteiventris 250-1250 B Mk s Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus 250-1500 R Co, SP s Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua 250 1200 R Mk, AC, Co s Sulphury Flycatcher Tyrannopsis sulphurea 250-600 R r Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius 250-^50 A 40 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Elevational Seasonal 1 Documen- range (m) status Localities tation Crowned Slaty-Flycatcher Empidonomus aurantioatro- cristatus 250-1000 A Mk, Co White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis 250-500 A Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus 250-2600 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana 250-500 A Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus 250-500 B s Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex 250-1400 R AC, SP s Sirystes Sirystes sibilator 250-500 R r Rufous Casiornis Casiornis rufus 250-500 A s Dusky-capped Flycatcher6 Myiarchus tuberculifer 250-3250 R AC, Co, SP, Su, Pi, AA s Swainson's Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni 250-500 A Mk, AC s Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox 250-1100 R Mk, AC, Co s Pale-edged Flycatcher Myiarchus cephalotes 1200-1900 R SP, Su Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus 250^50 R AC Large-headed Flatbill Ramphotrigon megacephala 250-1200 R Mk, Co, SP s Dusky-tailed Flatbill Ramphotrigon fuscicauda 250-1050 R Mk, Co s Rufous-tailed Flatbill Ramphotrigon ruficauda 250-500 R AC s Dull-capped Attila Attila bolivianos 250-450 R Mk, AC s Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus 250-1250 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Oxyruncidae Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus 850-1300 R s Cotingidae Red-crested Cotinga Ampelion ruhrocristata 2500-3450 R LE, AA s* Chestnut-crested Cotinga Amp e lion ruf axilla 1600 2850 R Su, LE s* Band-tailed Fruiteater Pipreola intermedia 1500-2900 R SP, Su, Pi, LE s Barred Fruiteater Pipreola arcuata 2600-3400 R Pi, LE, AA s* Scarlet-breasted Fruiteater Pipreola frontalis 1000-1500 R s Scaled Fruiteater Ampelioides tschudii 700-1400 R s Andean Cock-of-the-rock Rupicola peruvianus 650-2550 R Co, SP, Su, Pi s Plum-throated Cotinga Cotinga maynana 250-1000 R Mk, Co s Spangled Cotinga Cotinga cayana 250-800 R s Screaming Piha Lipaugus vociferans 250-800 R AC s Black-faced Cotinga Conioptilon mcilhennyi 250-450 R r/p Gray-tailed Piha Snowornis subalaris 850 1350 R s Purple-throated Cotinga Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema 250^50 R p Bare-necked Fruitcrow Gymnoderus foetidus 250-500 R Mk, AC s Purple-throated Fruitcrow Querula purpurata 250-1050 R Mk, AC s Amazonian Umbrellabird Cephalopterus ornatus 250-1650 R Co, SP s Pipridae Sulphur-bellied Neopelma 250-450 R s Tyrant-Manakin sulphureiventer Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin Tyranneutes stolzmanni 250-800 R Mk, AC s Fiery-capped Manakin Machaerop terus pyrocephalus 250-1350 R Mk, AC, Co s Blue-crowned Manakin Lepidothrix coronata 250-900 R Mk, AC s Cerulean-capped Manakin Lepidothrix coeruleocapilla 750-1600 R Co, SP s White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus 450-950 R Mk, Co p Blue-backed Manakin Chiroxiphia pareola 250-450 R AC s Yungas Manakin Chiroxiphia boliviana 950-2000 R Co, SP s Green Manakin Xenopipo holochlora 450-1100 R AC s Jet Manakin Xenopipo unicolor 1000-1800 R s WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 41 Continued. Elevational Seasonal Documen- range (m) status Localities tation Band-tailed Manakin Pipra fasciicauda 250-1000 R Mk, AC. Co s Round-tailed Manakin Pipra chloromeros 250-1400 R Mk, AC, Co s Incertae sedis Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor 250-600 R AC s Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana 250-^150 R AC Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata 250-1500 R Mk. Co. SP s Varzea Schiffornis Schiffornis major 250-500 R s Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdinus 250-1400 R AC. Co s Cinereous Mourner Laniocera hypopyrra 250-750 R AC s White-browed Purpletuft Iodopleura isabellae 250-850 R Mk, AC s Shrike-like Cotinga Laniisoma elegans 750 1400 R s Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis 900 R p Barred Becard Pachyramphus versicolor 1500-2600 R SP, Su, Pi. LE s* Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus 250-500 R White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus 250-1100 R Mk, AC. Co s Black-and-White Becard Pachyramphus albogriseus 1500 R Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus 250-750 R AC s Pink-throated Becard Pachyramphus minor 250-1050 R Mk, AC s Wing-barred Piprites Piprites chloris 250-1050 R Mk, AC. Co s Vireonidae Rufous-browed Cyclarhis gujanensis 300-1200 R Co s Peppershrike Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius leucotis 250-1500 R AC s Brown-capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys 1300 2500 R SP. Su, Pi s* Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus 250-1900 R Mk. AC. Co. SP, Su s Yellow-green Vireo Vireo flavor iridis 250-900 B Co s Lemon-chested Greenlet Hylophilus thoracicus 250-850 R Mk. AC. Co s Dusky-capped Greenlet Hylophilus hypoxanthus 250-1100 R Mk, AC, Co s Tawny-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus ochraceiceps 250-1050 R AC s Corvidae White-collared Jay Cyanolyca viridicyanus 1850-3000 R Su. Pi. LE s* Violaceous Jay Cyanocorax violaceus 250-1400 R Mk. AC. Co s Purplish Jay Cyanocorax cyanomelas 250-1100 R Mk, AC. Co s Green Jay Cyanocorax yncas 1150-2200 R SP. Su r Hirundinidae White-winged Swallow Tachycineta alhiventer 250-500 R Mk, AC P White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa 250 V s Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera 250-1400 R SP Purple Martin Progne subis 250 V Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea 250-500 R Southern Martin Progne elegans 250 V Andean Swallow Hapalochelidon andecola 3450-3500 R AA Blue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca 250-3450 R AC. Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA s Brown-bellied Swallow Notiochelidon murina 2600-3500 R AA s* Pale-footed Swallow Notiochelidon flavipes 1500-3500 R SP, Su White-banded Swallow A tticora fasciata 250-800 R Mk. AC s White-thighed Swallow Neochelidon tibialis 250-1250 R Mk. SP s Tawny-headed Swallow Alopochelidon fucata 750 V Southern Rough-winged Stelgidopteryx 250-1600 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Swallow ruftcollis 42 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Localities Documen- tation Bank Swallow Riparia riparia 250-500 B Mk Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 250-3450 B Mk, AA s Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota 250-750 B Troglodytidae Scaly-breasted Wren Microcerculus marginatus 250-1250 R Mk, AC, Co s Wing-banded Wren Microcerculus bambla 300 R s Gray-mantled Wren Odontorchilus branickii 750-1800 R Co, SP s House Wren Troglodytes aedon 250-3500 R Mk, AC, Co, SP, Pi, LE, AA s Mountain Wren Troglodytes solstitialis 1850-3400 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s* Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis 2950-3500 R LE, AA Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus 250-1050 R Mk, Co s Moustached Wren Thryothorus genibarbis 250-1500 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Buff-breasted Wren Thryothorus leucotis 250^150 R r Fulvous Wren Cinnycerthia fulva 2100-3000 R Su, Pi, LE s Gray-breasted Henicorhina 1000-2850 R Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE s Wood-Wren leucophrys Chestnut-breasted Wren Cyphorhinus thoracicus 800-1600 R Co, SP s Musician Wren Cyphorhinus arada 250-500 R Mk, AC s Polioptilidae Tawny-faced Gnatwren Microbates cinereiventris 450-1000 R AC s Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus 250^150 R s Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea 250 R Incertae sedis8 Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla 250-500 R Mk s Cinclidae White-capped Dipper Cinclus leucocephalus 950-2850 R Co, SP, Su, LE s* Turdidae Andean Solitaire Myadestes ralloides 750-2900 R Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE s Slaty-backed Catharus fuscater 1500-2850 R Su, Pi, LE s Nightingale-Thrush Spotted Nightingale- Catharus dryas 700-1500 R Co, SP s Thrush Veery Catharus fuscescens 500 V Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus 250-3500 B Co s White-eared Solitaire Entomodestes leucotis 1300-2900 R SP, Su, LE s Pale-eyed Thrush Platycichla leucops 850-2600 R SP, Su, Pi s Great Thrush Turdus fuscater 2500-3500 R Pi, LE, AA s Chiguanco Thrush Turdus chiguanco 1300-3500 R SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA s Glossy-black Thrush Turdus serranus 1400-3200 R Su, LE, AA s Slaty Thrush Turdus nigriceps 250-1850 A AC s Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus 250-500 A AC s Black-billed Thrush Turdus ignobilis 250-1500 R Mk, AC, Co s Lawrence's Thrush Turdus lawrencii 250^150 R s Hauxwell's Thrush Turdus hauxwelli 250-800 R Mk, AC s White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis 250-850 R AC s Motacillidae Paramo Pipit Anthus bogotensis 3450-3500 R AA Thraupidae Black-faced Tanager Schistochlamys melanopis 600-2600 R s Magpie Tanager Cissopis leveriana 250-1600 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Black-and-white Tanager Conothraupis speculigera 250-500 A Mk s* WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 43 Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Localities Documen- tation Red-billed Pied Tanager Hooded Tanager Slaty Tanager Black-capped Hemispingus Superciliaried Hemispingus Oleaginous Hemispingus Black-eared Hemispingus Drab Hemispingus Three-striped Hemispingus Gray-hooded Bush-Tanager Rufous-chested Tanager Orange-headed Tanager Rust-and-yellow Tanager Black-goggled Tanager Yellow-crested Tanager Flame-crested Tanager White-shouldered Tanager White-winged Shrike-Tanager Masked Crimson Tanager Silver-beaked Tanager Blue-gray Tanager Palm Tanager Blue-capped Tanager Blue-and-yellow Tanager Hooded Mountain- Tanager Scarlet-bellied Mountain- Tanager Blue-winged Mountain- Tanager Grass-green Tanager Buff-breasted Mountain- Tanager Chestnut-bellied Mountain-Tanager Fawn-breasted Tanager Yellow-throated Tanager Golden-collared Tanager Orange-eared Tanager Turquoise Tanager Paradise Tanager Green-and-gold Tanager Golden Tanager Saffron-crowned Tanager Golden-eared Tanager Flame-faced Tanager Yellow-bellied Tanager Spotted Tanager Bav-headed Tanaser Lamprospiza 250-900 R AC s melanoleuca Semosia pileata 250-500 R P Creurgops dentata 1100-2500 R Co. SP. Su. Pi s Hemispingus arropileus 2600-3500 R Pi. LE s Hemispingus 2500-3000 R Pi. LE s superciliaris Hemispingus frontalis 1500-2500 R Su s Hemispingus melanotis 1100-2200 R Co. SP. Su s Hemispingus 2200-3250 R Pi. LE. AA xanthophthalmus Hemispingus 3000-3500 R AA s trifasciatus Cnemoscopus 1400-2500 R Su. Pi p rubrirostris Thlypopsis ornata 2500-3250 R LE. AA Thlypopsis sordida 250-600 R s Thlypopsis ruficeps 1500-3500 R Su. Pi. LE. AA s Trichothraupis 1000-1650 R Co. SP s melanops Tachyphonus 250-1250 R Mk. AC. Co s rujiventer Tachyphonus cristatus 300 R Tachyphonus luctuosus 250-850 R Mk. AC. Co s Lanio versicolor 250-1000 R Mk. AC s Ramphocelus 250-1000 R Mk s nigrogularis Ramphocelus carbo 250-1600 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Thraupis episcopus 250-1600 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Thraupis palmarum 250-1600 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Thraupis cyanocephala 1500-3000 R SP. Su. Pi. LE s Thraupis bonariensis 1000-3500 R Co. Su. LE. AA s Buthraupis montana 2500-3250 R Pi. LE. AA s Anisognathus 2600-3400 R Pi. LE. AA s igniventris Anisognathus 1600-3000 R SP. Su s somptuosus Chlorornis riefferii 2100-3200 R Su. Pi. LE. AA s Dubusia taeniata 1900-3200 R Pi. LE. AA s Delothraupis 2600-3500 R Pi. LE. AA s castaneoventris Pipraeidea melanonota 450-3000 R AC. SP. Su. Pi. LE s Iridosornis analis 1000-2200 R SP. Su s Iridosornis jelskii 2200-3500 R Pi. LE. AA s Chlorochrysa 1000-2200 R Co. SP. Su s calliparaea Tangara mexicana 250-1000 R Mk. AC. Co s Tangara chilensis 250-1600 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Tangara schrankii 250-1100 R MK. AC. Co s Tangara arthus 600-1800 R Co. SP s Tangara 1000-2500 R Co. SP. Su. Pi s xanthocephala Tangara chrysotis 850-1600 R Co. SP s Tangara parzudakii 1550-2000 R SP Tangara xanthogastra 250-1300 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Tangara punctata 600-2000 R Co. SP s Tangara gyrola 250-1500 R Mk. AC, Co. SP s 44 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Localities Documen- tation Golden-naped Tanager Tangara ruficervix 1000 2100 R Co, SP s Blue-browed Tanager Tangara cyanotis 1300 2000 R SP Blue-necked Tanager Tangara cyanicollis 500-2000 R Mk, Co, SP s Masked Tanager Tangara nigrocincta 250-1100 R Mk, AC, Co s Beryl-spangled Tanager Tangara nigroviridis 1500-2500 R SP, Su, Pi s Blue-and-black Tanager Tangara vassorii 1900-3250 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s Silver-backed Tanager Tangara viridicollis 800-2600 R SP, Su Opal-rumped Tanager Tangara velia 250-600 R Mk, AC Opal-crowned Tanager Tangara callophrys 250-950 R Mk, AC, Co s Swallow-Tanager Tersina viridis 250-1450 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s White-bellied Dacnis Dacnis albiventris 250^100 R Black-faced Dacnis Dacnis lineata 250-1300 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Yellow-bellied Dacnis Dacnis flaviventer 250-1000 R Mk, AC, Co s Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana 250-1550 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Purple Honeycreeper Cyanerpes caeruleus 250-1400 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus 250-1000 R Mk Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza 250-1200 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Golden-collared Iridophanes 1100-1800 R Co, SP Honeycreeper pulcherrimus Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira 250-1100 R Mk, Co Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis 250-700 R AC s Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum 250-900 R Co s Cinereous Conebill Conirostrum cinereum 2850-3500 R LE, AA Blue-backed Conebill Conirostrum sitticolor 2300-3350 R Pi, LE, AA Capped Conebill Conirostrum albifrons 1200-3000 R Su, Pi, LE White-browed Conebill Conirostrum ferrugineiven tre 2700-3500 R AA Tit-like Dacnis Xenodacnis parina 3450-3500 R AA Rusty Flower-piercer Diglossa sittoides 1900-3500 R Su, LE s Moustached Diglossa mystacalis 2600-3500 R Pi, LE, AA s Flower-piercer Black-throated Diglossa brunneiventris 2600-3500 R Pi, LE, AA s Flower-piercer Deep-blue Flower-piercer Diglossa glauca 1000-2300 R SP, Su s Bluish Flower-piercer Diglossa caerulescens 1600-2700 R SP, Su, LE s Masked Flower-piercer Diglossa cyanea 1500-3500 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s Plush-capped Finch Catamblyrhynchus diadema 2000-3250 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s Incertae sedis Common Bush-Tanager Chlorospingus ophthalmicus 1000-2400 R Co, SP, Su, Pi s Yellow-whiskered Chlorospingus 1100-2600 R Co, SP, Su, Pi s Bush-Tanager parvirostris Yellow-throated Chlorospingus 800-1600 R Co, SP s Bush-Tanager flavigularis Ash-throated Chlorospingus 1000-1600 R s Bush-Tanager canigularis Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava 800-2000 R Co s Summer Tanager Piranga rubra 250-1500 B SP Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea 250-1500 B Co s White-winged Tanager Piranga leucoptera 900-1800 R Co, SP s Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica 250-1000 R Mk, AC s Carmiol's Tanager Chlorothraupis carmioli 450-1250 R AC, SP s Bananaquit Coereba flaveola 250-1500 R Mk, Co, SP s Dull-colored Grassquit Tiaris obscura 600 R s Emberizidae Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis 2500-3500 R Pi, LE, AA s WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 45 Continued. Elevational Seasonal Documen- range (m) < status Localities tation Yellow-browed Sparrow Amnwdramus aurifrons 250 1600 R Mk, AC, Co. SP s Peruvian Sierra-Finch PhrygUus punensis 3600 R Plumbeous Sierra-Finch Phrygilus unicolor 3500 R Slaty Finch Haplospiza rustica 950-3200 R SP, Su, Pi, LE. AA s* Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina 250-1000 R Mk. Co s Slate-colored Seedeater Sporophila schistacea 250-1200 R Co. SP S* Lesson's Seedeater Sporophila bouvronides 250-750 A s Lined Seedeater Sporophila lineola 250-1000 A s Black-and-white Sporophila luctuosa 300-2000 R Mk, Co, SP. Su s Seedeater Yellow-bellied Sporophila nigricollis 300-1500 R Seedeater Double-collared Sporophila 250-600 A Mk Seedeater caerulescens Chestnut-bellied Sporophila 250-1450 R Mk, Co s Seedeater castaneiventris Lesser Seed-Finch Oryzoborus angolensis 250-1500 R Mk. Co s Black-billed Seed-Finch Oryzoborus atrirostris 250-500 R s Band-tailed Seedeater Catamenia ana/is 3000-3500 R Plain-colored Seedeater Catamenia inornata 3300-3500 R AA Paramo Seedeater Catamenia homochroa 2850-3450 R LE, AA s* Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus 250-1000 R Mk, AC. Co s Chestnut-capped Buarremon 1300-2150 R SP. SU s Brush-Finch hrunneinucha Stripe-headed Buarremon torquatus 2500-3250 R Pi. AA s Brush-Finch Olive Finch Lysurus eastaneieeps 900-1800 R Co. SP s Black-faced Brush-Finch A tlapetes melanolaemus 1400-3200 R SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA s Red-capped Cardinal Paroaria gularis 250-500 R s Cardinalidae Golden-bellied Grosbeak Pheucticus chrysogaster 650-3500 R LE Black-backed Grosbeak Pheucticus aureoventris 600-3250 R Su. LE. AA s Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus 2600 V Yellow-shouldered Parkerthraustes 250-650 R AC s* Grosbeak humeralis Slate-colored Grosbeak Saltator grossus 250-1000 R Mk, AC. Co s Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus 250-1500 R Mk. AC. Co. SP s Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens 250-900 R Mk. AC. Co s Golden-billed Saltator Saltator aurantiirostris 2600-3500 R LE s* Blue-black Grosbeak Cyanocompsa cyanoides 250-1400 R Mk. AC. Co s Parulidae Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora c hr\ sop tera 2800 V Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi 700-1500 R Mk, Co, SP s Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica fuse a 950-3000 B Pi s Cerulean Warbler Dendroica cerulea 700-1250 B Co s Connecticut Warbler Oporornis agilis 250-500 B Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis 250-500 R Mk s Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis 650-1600 B s Slate-throated Redstart Myioborus miniatus 550-2100 R Co, SP, Su s Spectacled Redstart Myiohorus melanocephalus 1600-3350 R SP, Su. Pi. LE. AA s Two-banded Warbler Basileuterus hivittatus 750-1500 R Co. SP s 46 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY Continued. Elevational Seasonal Documen- range (m) status R Localities Mk, AC, Co tation Golden-bellied Warbler Basileuterus 250-1200 s chrysogaster Citrine Warbler Basileuterus luteoviridis 2150-3400 R Su, Pi, LE, AA s Pale-legged Warbler Basileuterus signatus 1700-2900 R Su, LE s Russet-crowned Warbler Basileuterus corona t us 1100-2550 R Co, SP, Su, Pi s Three-striped Warbler Basileuterus tristriatus 1100-2100 R Co, SP, Su s Buff-rumped Warbler Phaeothlypis fulvicauda 250-1500 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Icteridae Russet-backed Psarocolius 250-1900 R Mk, AC, Co, SP, SU s Oropendola angustifrons Dusky-green Oropendola Psarocolius atrovirens 1000-2700 R SP, Su, LE s* Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus 250-1300 R Mk, AC, Co, SP s Olive Oropendola Psarocolius bifasciatus 250-800 R Mk, AC, Co s Casqued Oropendola Clypicterus oseryi 250-800 R Mk, AC s Mountain Cacique Cacicus chrysonotus 2300-3250 R Pi, LE, AA r Selva Cacique Cacicus koepckeae 500 R r Solitary Cacique Cacicus solitarius 250-850 R Mk, Co s Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela 250-1050 R Mk, AC, Co s Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous 250-1000 R Yellow-billed Cacique Amblycercus holosericeus 2600-3300 R LE s* Troupial Icterus icterus 250-800 R s Epaulet Oriole Icterus cayanensis 250-1200 R Mk, AC, Co s Pale-eyed Blackbird Agelastictus xant/iophthalmus 250-500 R s Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus 250-800 R Mk, AC s Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis 250-500 R White-browed Blackbird Leistes superciliaris 600 V p Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus 250-500 B Fringillidae Hooded Siskin Carduelis magellanica 400-3500 R Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su, Pi SP, Su s Olivaceous Siskin Carduelis olivacea 1100-2100 R ? Purple-throated Euphonia chlorotica 250-450 R Euphonia Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris 250-1500 R AC, Co s White-lored Euphonia Euphonia chrysopasta 250-950 R Mk, AC, Co s Bronze-green Euphonia Euphonia mesochrysa 600-1800 R Co, SP s White-vented Euphonia Euphonia minuta 250-1050 R Mk, AC, Co s Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster 250-2100 R Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su s Rufous-bellied Euphonia Euphonia rufiventris 250-950 R Mk, AC s Blue-naped Chlorophonia cyanea 250-1900 R AC, Co, SP s Chlorophonia An individual photographed by Walker on 22 September 1995 at Cocha Salvador along the Rio Manu is the only confirmed record for Peru. ~ The taxonomy of small hermits in southeastern Peru is uncertain. The treatment here follows Remsen et al. (2006), which is based on Hinkelmann and Schuchmann (1997). The common taxon in MBR is longipennis, treated by Remsen et al. (2006) as a subspecies of ruber. This taxon has been treated variously as a subspecies of ruber (e.g., Peters 1945; Schuchmann 1999; Dickinson 2003) or stuarti (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1966, 1970). Two specimens at the Field Museum that were collected in 1980 from 450 m at the base of the Pantiacolla were identified as nominate stuarti by Hinkelmann. All other specimens from MBR are longipennis. On the basis of this overlap, Hinkelmann and Schuchmann treated stuarti and longipennis as belonging to different species. Recent reexamination of these specimens and additional material from MBR suggests that these specimens are actually the green extreme of a variable population of hermits that belong to the taxon longipennis (Stotz and T. Schulenberg, pers. obs.) Farther out in the lowlands of southeastern Peru, another subspecies of ruber, nigrocincta, has been collected (Rio Colorado) as well as photographed. Additionally, Walker (pers. obs) believes he has seen WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 47 Continued. this small, more intensely colored form along forest streams in the lower parts of the Manu area, but there is no documentation of this. Our suspicion is that longipennis is best treated not as a subspecies of ruber but rather as a subspecies of stuarti and that birds at Manu are all longipennis, except perhaps for a population of ruber in the lower parts of the area. Clearly, further fieldwork needs to be focused on small hermits in the region. 3 The treatment of highland populations in the Momotus momota complex is controversial. Remsen et al. (2006) treat aequatorialis (comprised of two subspecies) as conspecific with the lowland momota. It is clear from the documentation accompanying this decision that one of the primary factors in lumping aequatorialis into momota was the existence of other lowland taxa within momota that were likely just as deserving of species status. In the absence of specific studies of the appropriate taxonomic rank for these taxa, the committee thought that there was no reason to treat aequatorialis differently. We treat Momotus aequatorialis as distinct from M. momota to emphasize its disjunct elevational range in Manu and throughout its range (e.g.. Hilty & Brown, 1986; Ridgely & Greenfield, 2001) and in recognition of its long treatment as distinct by a number of authors (Chapman. 1923; Hilty & Brown. 1986, Fjeldsa & Krabbe, 1990; Ridgely & Greenfield, 2001; Dickinson, 2003). Philydor erythrocercum is a widespread Amazonian foliage-gleaner. Philydor ochrogaster is the montane representative of it from central Peru to northern Bolivia. It is sometimes treated as a separate species (e.g., Sibley & Monroe, 1990), but its treatment as a subspecies by Remsen et al. (2006) is consistent with that by most authors. We treat it as a separate species here to emphasize its disjunct elevational range in Manu and throughout its range while acknowledging that there may be intergradation with the subspecies subfulvus in northern Peru (Ridgely & Tudor, 1994). 5 The Amazonian Xiphocolaptes orenocensis is occasionally treated as a distinct species from the Central American and Andean Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynehus (e.g., American Ornithologists' Union, 1983). However, most authors concur with their treatment by Remsen et al. (2006) as conspecific. We treat these taxa as separate species here in part because of the vocal differences between them but mainly to emphasize the distinct elevational ranges of the Amazonian orenocensis and the Andean forms of promeropirhynehus. 6 Two subspecies of Myiarchus tuberculifer replace one another elevationally in the Andes. The highland population atriceps and a lowland tuberculifer intergrade in the Andes of southern Bolivia (Lanyon, 1978). In Manu, there are M. tuberculifer along the entire elevational gradient. The similarity of the two forms and lack of specimens at intermediate elevations make it impossible for us to distinguish the elevational range of the two forms. The lowest elevation for which there is a specimen of atriceps in Manu is 1050 m; the highest tuberculifer specimen comes from 300 m. 7 The species treated here as incertae sedis (as in Remsen et al.. 2006) include a number of taxa usually treated as cotingas, although most have at one time or another been placed in other families, especially Tyrannidae. Recent studies (Prum et al., 2000; Johansson et al., 2002; Chesser, 2004) indicate that the taxa from Tityra through Pachyramphus form a monophyletic group, but whether that group should be part of Cotingidae or a separate family (Tityridae) remains unclear. Piprites has usually been treated as a member of Pipridae. Most recent studies have not found evidence to support its inclusion there but have not made a convincing case for an alternate treatment. 8 Donacobius was long treated in Mimidae but more recently has been treated in Troglodytidae (e.g., American Ornithologists" Union, 1983). Molecular studies by Barker (2004) showed that Donacobius belonged in neither Mimidae nor Troglodytidae but did not provide a clear alternative placement within an existing family. As a result, Remsen et al. (2006) treat it as incertae sedis, as do we. 9 Recent molecular studies suggest that a number of genera traditionally placed in Thraupidae are not tanagers. Additionally, a set of mostly island taxa, spread among a several families but placed mainly in Emberizidae, form a monophyletic group associated with Thraupidae (Klicka et al., 2000; Burns et al., 2002, 2003; Yuri & Mindell, 2002). Because of incomplete taxon sampling and some disagreement among different studies of the placement of some genera, Remsen et al. (2006) treat these taxa as incertae sedis, awaiting the results of additional ongoing studies. Literature Cited American Ornithologists' Union. 1983. Check-List of North American Birds, 6th edition. American Or- nithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. xxix + 876 pp. Barker, F. K. 2004. Monophyly and relationships of wrens (Aves: Troglodytidae): A congruence analysis of heterogeneous mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Molecular Phyloaenetics and Evolu- tion, 32: 486-504. Burns, K. J., S. J. Hackett. and N. K. Klein. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships and morphological di- versity in Darwin's finches and their relatives. Evolution, 56: 1240-1252. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of Neotrop- ical honeycreepers and the evolution of feeding morphology. Journal of Avian Biology, 34: 360-370. Chapman, F. M. 1923. 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Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fringillidae, "New World nine-primaried oscines" (Aves: Passer i formes). Mo- lecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23: 229-243. WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU 49 Field Museum of Natural History 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago. Illinois 60605-2496 Telephone: (312) 665-7'