PLATB 1. MANUAL OF STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF TTIR SPECIES. BY GEORGE W.(jRYON)jR. <'ON*«H:VAT<>U «>K TIIE < '.'XcHor.o.;: . r.MV r»P N •.".n\. vcn ,. rv. NASSID£, TURBINELLiO/ii, VOLUTION, MITRID.xE. PHILADELPHIA: Published by the Author, ACADEMY OF NATURAL ECIENCES. COR. I9TH & PA^ 1882. • EARTH SCIENCE* LIBRARY WM. P. KILOARE, PRINTER, 734 AND 736 SANSOM STREET, PHILADELPHIA. THE Fourth Volume of the Manual of Conchology contains monographs of four important families, embracing genera of which many representatives are included in the cabinet of everv collector of marine shells. It is hoped that it will be found useful in facilitating the identification of specimens, as well as in correcting the hitherto very confused synonymy. The kind offices of many correspondents in furnishing speci- mens (particularly imfigurcd types), drawings and information concerning the species, are again gratefully acknowledged ; and I am equally indebted to others for their endeavors to promote the sale of the Manual. I shall endeavor to deserve and recom- pense this active interest in behalf of the work by making it as thorough as circumstances will permit. G. W. T., Ju. January, 1882. The Almighty Maker lias throughout Discriminated each from each, by strokes And touches of his hand with so much art Diversified, that two were never found Twins at all points. COWl'EJ To ask or search I blame thee not ; for Nature Is as the book of God before thee set, Wherein to read his wondrous works. But what created mind can comprehend Their number, or1 the wisdom infinite That brought them forth, but hid their causes deep. MILTON. UNIVERSIT7 MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY Family NASSID^B. Shell ovntc, spire u-ually elongated, base oi' aperture a notch or short recurved canal, inner lip usually callous. Operculum corneous, ovate, nucleus apical, margins plain or serrated. Animal having two small processes or tails at its posterior extremity. Lingual teeth arched, pectinated; the uncini with a basal horn, and occasionally intermediate serrations: -the denti- tion is illustrated on Plate 3. A few fossil species are known, commencing with the Eocene. Si/nopais of Genera. NORTH I A, Gray. Shell elongated, turritod, polished ; spire elevated, acuminated, whorls depressed and sloping at their upper part ; aperture shorter than the spire ; outer lip with the margin serrated. Dentition unknown. TRUNCARIA, Ads. and Reeve. Shell acuminately oblong, thick ; suture of the spire channelled ; aperture anteriorly dilated, posteriorly sub- cmarginated ; columella arcuated, abruptly truncated in front, with a single anterior fold. Dentition unknown. BCLLIA, Gray. Shell ovate or turrited ; spire more or less acuminated, sutures enamelled ; inner lip excavated in the middle, callous poster- iorly ; aperture oval, moderate. Operculum fusiform, nucleus apical. Dentition, PI. 3, fig. 20. Subgenus BucciNANors, d'Orb. Shell with the whorls somewhat angu- lated, and with a rounded or nodulous band next the sutures. Subgenus PSEDDOSTROMBDS, Klein. Shell elongated, smooth, without epidermis, last whorl ventricosc ; spire acuminate; aperture o columella arched, smooth or transversely striated, outer lip thin. No enamel round the sutures. Dentition, PI. o, fig. 21. o NA88IDJE. Subgenus ADINUS, H. and A. Adams. Shell subulate, spirally striated ; columella abmptly truncated afc base ; inner lip corrugated, with a callosity at hind part ; outer lip grooved internally, externally margin- ated. NASSA, Lam. Shell ovate, ventricose, body whorl variously sculptured ; aperture ovate, with a short, reflected, truncated, anterior canal ; inner lip smooth, often widely spread over with enamel, with a posterior callosity or blunt dentiform plait ; outer lip dentated, internally crenulated. Margin of operculum serrated or entire. Dentition, PI. 3, figs. 22 to 25.* The following "snbgenera." may be, retained as convenient group designations, although the species, varying much in their sculpture cannot always be positively assigned. Subgenus ARCULARIA, Link. Body whorl gibbous on the back; spire produced ; callus of inner lip greatly extended and covering the spire. Subgenus NAYTIA, H. and A. Adams. Shell smooth ; aperture -with a channel at the hind part continued up the spire. Snbgenus ALECTRION, Montf. Spire elevated, whorls glabrous, polished or papillary ; inner lip spreading ; outer lip denticulate, not variced externally, Subgenus ZEUXIS, II. and A. Adams. Spire elevated, smooth, or longi- tudinally plicate, polished ; inner lip with the callus defined, or some- what spreading ; outer lip externally variced, sometimes dentate anteriorly.f Subgenus ACICTTLINA, H. and A.Adams. Shell turrited, polished, smooth or longitudinally plicate : inner lip with the callus sharp, straight, defined ; outer lip produced in the middle, variced externally. ^/Subgenus PHRONTIS, H. and A. Adams. Spire elevated, acuminate, whorls ribbed or nodulose, distinctly shouldered ; inner lip smooth, with an extended, thickened callus, outer lip with an external varix. ::' Messrs. IT. and A. Adams in their "Genera of Recent Mollusca," have made a Genus Amycla in Columbeflidae, and included in it some species which are decidedly Nassids ; the dentition of one of these errone- ously placed species, N. (Bucc.) cornicula, Olivi (PI. 3, fig. 24), has been figured by Troschel as a type of that of the genus Amycla, —which he has accordingly removed to Nassidse. f NASSODONTA, H. Adams. Shell oval ; spire short, last whorl sulcate anteriorly ; aperture sinuated in front, canaliculate behind ; columella callous, plicate anteriorly ; lip acute, thickened and dentate within, with an anterior marginal denticulation. Operculum and animal unknown. I have included the single species in Zeuxis. NASSIIbE. . 7 K Snbgenus HEBKA, IT. and A. Adams-. Whorls spi nose, muri* ated or sharply tubercular ; inner lip with the callus defined ; outer lip with a marginal varix, when adult. /Snbgeuus HIMA, Leach. Spire elevated, whorls cancellated ; inner lip with a rugose callus, callus defined ; outer lip with a marginal varix. Submenus XIOTHA, H. and A. Adams. Shell cassidifbrm ; spire short, whorls granulated or cancellated ; inner lip with the callus very large and spreading ; outer lip crenate, not variced externally. .jenus TRITIA, Risso. Spire elevated, whorls reticulated; inner lip smooth, with the callus moderate; outer lip simple, not variced. ::~ Subgenus ILYANASSA, Stimpson. Shell dark olive brown, reticulated, outer lip without varix, striate within, columella covered with a spreading callus. • Operculum with entire (not serrated) margin. Animal having a broad foot, not bifurcated behind as in Nassa. Den- tition, PI. 3, fig. 25. XERITULA, Plancus. Shell ovate, depressed, avis distorted ;- spire flattened, oblique, whorls smooth ; aperture depressed ; columella smooth ; inner lip callous, spread over the body whorl, outer lip reflect «>. Whitish or light brown. Length, 1*1 inches. Habitat unknown. The pertinence of this species to the genus is very doubtful. I have not seen a specimen of it. T. MODESTA, Powis. PI. 5, fig. 57. Yellowish, longitudinally strigate or maculate or nearly covered with chestnut-brown, with a white central band. Length, '8-1 inch. Panama. Quite as closely related to Etilhria as to the type of this genus. T. SULCATA, Kiener. . PI. 5, fig. 58. Yellowish white, under a rufous epidermis. Length, 15 mill. Habitat unknown. T. EURYTOIDES, Carpenter. White, with a revolving series of brown maculations on the periphery; sometimes the base is brown, or the whole surface brown spotted ; with about twenty longitudinal riblets, becom- ing evanescent towards the aperture ; aperture subquadrate, lip scarcely thickened, striate finely within, colnmella abruptly truncate. Length, *3 inch. Cape St. Lucan, Lower California. Has not been figured hitherto, and the specimen before me (an author's type) is not in good condition for illustration. Very probably the species is not a Truncaria,&t all; its size indicates close relationship with Columbella. T. TRIFASOTATA, A. Ad. This name is given in the " Genera of Recent Mollnsca," but I have not found a description of it. Genus BULLIA, (Jniy. Animal without eyes ; tentacles long and slender. Foot enor- mousty expanded, and bifid behind in the typical species. Then- is no operculum. Bullia (restricted sense) has a raised band of enamel round tlie sutures of the. whorls as in Ancillaria. The animal has the faculty, according to M. Quoy, of absorbing, through the pores of its foot, a great quantity of water, which it ejects when disturbed. : BULLIA. 11 in various directions'; it is caught by baiting linos with. bits of flesh. The genus is oriental, mostly So. African in distribution, and reminds one of the Arctic genus Volutharpa (vol. iii, ]>. 107). II. and A. Adams separate a genus Pseudostrombus on account of the want of the sntnral band of enamel, and the foot of the animal being simple instead of bifid behind; but as in Nassa, the difference in the animal is not certainly to be regarded as generic; and as to the shell, there is no sharp line of division between species with and those without enamelled sutures — the globose species generally showing the most of it and the narrower ones less. Nevertheless it will be convenient to group together the narrow species as a subgenus. . In Woodward's ''Manual of the Mollusca," 1lu.ll in is erro- neously made a synonym of Anaida.r, Roissy, a fossil form of ncillaria. Typical. B. L^EVISSIMA, Gmel. PI. 5, iig. 50. Yellowish white to brownish red ; smooth and polished. Length, 2'5-3 inches. (J. WLOBULOSA, Kiener. PI. 5, fig. 60. Spire shorter, whorls slightly contracted above the middle, suture but slightly, or not at all enamelled. Length, 2*5 inches. ILilntat unknoirn. I doubt whether this is more than a variety of J>. B. DEFORM is, King. PI. 5, fig. (U. Yellowish brown, obscurely brown banded. Length, 22-33 mill. Mouth of the Rio de la Plata; Rio Negro, South America. 15. TENUIS, PI. 5, fig. K2. Thin, yellowish white, one or two revolving grooves just below the suture and a number on the lower half of the body whorl. Length, 1*75 inches. JLiliita t unku otn, . B. CALLOSA, Gray. PI. 5. tig. <>8. Yellowish gray, sutuml and columellar callosities generally chestnut-brown. Length, 1*25-1 *5 inches. Habitat unknown. 12 BULLIA. Remarkable for its callous deposit upon the columella, which sometimes is so thick as to give the shell a distorted appearance, producing an angle or hump on the periphery. B. MAURITIANA, Gray. PI. 5, figs. 64, 65. Yellowish white, deeper yellow within the aperture; the callous sutural band frequently opaque white. Length, 1-25-1-75 inches. Mauritius ; Madagascar. B. Mauritiana was not figured by Gray, and his description is so unsatisfactory that the recognition of the species must rest upon the illustration in Reeve's Iconica. With this, there is no doubt that B. Grayi, Reeve (fig. 65), is identical. The babylonic spire, strong sutural band of enamel, and distant revolving incised lines distinguish this species. B. SEMIPLICATA, Gray. PI. 5, fig. 66. Whitish or yellowish, sometimes encircled by two broad, faint, brown bands. Length, 1 '25-1*5 inches. Habitat unknown. This has very much the form of the preceding species, but the revolving incised lines are absent, and instead, the spire, :ind frequently the upper portion of the body whorl are longitudinally plicate. B. DIGITALIS, Meuschen. PL 5, figs. 67-69, 72. Cream-color to yellowish white, sometimes darker around the suture ; orange-yellow within the aperture. Smooth, with obsolet e spiral impressed lines near the base. In very large individuals the whorls are somewhat plicately wrinkled next the suture. Length, 1-5-2-5 inches. South Africa. B. rhodostoma, Gray (fig. 69), is somewhat stouter than the typical form, and B. semiusta. Reeve (fig. 68), is a mere color variety. Var. NATALENSIS, Krauss. Whorls shortly plicate at the suture. The figure (fig. 72) represents a young specimen, but this plicate condition persists, frequently, in the adults. I have one before me, measuring 2'5 inches. t HrCVlNANOl'S. I.. B. PKRSICA, E. A. Smith. PI. 5, fig. 70. Greyish, or lavender-color; spirally silicate, somewhat grsni- ulous next below the suture. Length, 1 inch. Buafiirc, Per ni fin- (lu-lf. B. SULCATA, Reeve. PI. 5, fig. 71. Lavender or lead-color, rather solid; whorls closely, concen- trically grooved. Habitat unknown. B. SEMIFLAMMEA, lleCVC. PI. 5, fig. 75. Yellowish white, lower half of whorls with longitudinal chest- Kit flames. Length, 1*25 inches. Cape of Good Hope. Subgcnus Buocinanops, d'Oib. Embraces three species from the Southern parts of the Coast of South America. The}' are of rude growth, usually with a flattened shoulder below the sufures. B. COCHLIDIUM, Kiener. PI. 5, fig. 73; PL 6, tigs. 76-81. Yellowish white, sometimes with two obscure bunds of longi- tudinally disposed chestnut-brown flames; whorls soinetiines decidedly shouldered, and the shoulder defined by a somewhat corded ridge. Length, 1-5-3 inches. Brazil to Patagonia ; on the Pacific Ooast, north to Peru. I do not agree with Deshayes and Reeve that Kiencr's species is different from that of Chemnitz, and therefore I do iio^dopt Deshayes' name B. gradata: still, as Chemnitz was not a binom- inal writer I cannot cite him as authority for the species. The fact is that B. cochlidium is of rude, frequent!}' distorted growth, and a collection of specimens exhibits many forms. The figure of cochlidium given by Reeve, as exhibiting the type of the species is but slightly shouldered, and large as it is, is not adult (fig. 76); Kiener's figure is also given (fig. 73). B. gradata , Desh., is represented by figure 77, from Reeve's Iconica, B. Lamarckii, Kiener (fig. 78), is another form which is scarcely shouldered, and other intermediate forms are shown in B. Pa,ij- tense, Yal. (fig. 79), and B. squalida, King (fig. 80). A remark- ably distorted shell, called by Gmelin BUG. labyrinth um (fig. 81), very probably belongs here. 14- PSEU DOST ROME US. B. ANNULATA, Lam. PI. 5, fig. 74. Yellowish white, columella white. Length, 1'5 inches. Narrower than the preceding species, and covered with revolving- stria?; yet it may be only a variety of it. B. ARMATA, Gray. PI. 6, figs. 82, 83. Yellowish white, with two broad, faint, chestnut bands. Length, 1-2 inches. Rio NcgrOj Patinjonitt. This species is considered by d'Orbigny merely a spinose variety of B. cochlidium. Submenus Pseudostrombus, Klein. Leiodomus Swainson, cannot be distinguished as a subgenus, the distinctive characters gradually merging in those of Ftwttdo- B. TURRITA, Gray. PL 6, fig. 84. Shell smooth, very finely plaited at the sutures; white, some- times obscurely brown-flamed on the lower part of the body whorl. Length, 1-25— 1 '5 inches. Habitat unknown. Very like the next species, but is somewhat longer and narrower, with more convex whorls ; the plications shorter, only occupying a small portion of even the spiral whorls, fainter, not decussated by revolving striae. B. MELANOJDES, Desh. PL 6, figs. 85, 86. Upper whorls crossed by well-marked plications, body whorl sometimes only plicate on the upper part; revolving stria' decussate the plications of the spire. Color, yellowish white. sometimes with a chocolate-colored narrow band near the sutures and a broader one at the base, or whole surface clouded or covered with chocolate. Length, 1-1*25 inches. Cochin China ; Mozambique. B. Mctzambiceii&ix, E. A. Smith (fig. 86), is described from a well-grown specimen of the dark-colored variety. B. GRANULOSA, Lam. PL 6, fig. 91. Chestnut or chocolate, sometimes obscurely banded on the periphery, with a double row of bead-like nodules revolving below the suture. Length, 1 inch. Gabon Coast, W. Africa. ; PSEUDOSTROMBIS. 15 Kiener, who figures this species as Burr, rittatum, Linn., eon- founds with it B. •melatwidt™, :i shell from the opposite const of Africa, and quite distinct, judging from the specimens before me. Lamarck considered it a Terebra, a genus to which this shell is closely assimilated by its usually very narrow form, polished surface and sculpture. B. POLTTA, Lam. PI. f>, tigs. 88, 89. ("ream-color, yellowish brown or livid olive, with frequently a very indistinct darker band near the suture; whorls of the apex plicate, rest smooth and polished. Length, 1-1 '25 inches. Senegal. It. ritrea, Reeve (iig. 80), is synonymous. P>. KURRACRENBIS, Angas. PI. P>, Iig. 90. White, tinged with rose-color on the upper whorls. Length, I '75 inches. Kurradd, Scinde, N. W. Only the type specimen known. 15. VITTATA, Linn. PL 0, figs. 87, 92. Yellowish or lilac-white, or bluish or brown; sometimes the spire is clouded bluish whilst the rest of the shell is light colored. Sutural plications defined by an incised revolving line and some- times cut in two by another line. Length, 1'5-1'75 inches. Ceylon ; Zanzibar. B. livida, Reeve (fig. 92), is only one of the many slight vari- ations which can be readily traced to the typical form. This species occasionally develops a varix on the outer lip, and speci- mens are before me in which a former varix is persistent. B. TAHETTENSIS, Gmelin. PL 6, fig. 93. Spirally ridged, ridges finely granose, two or three ridges next the suture more distant than the rest; yellowish, maculate with orange-brown, interior of aperture brown stained. Length, 1/75 inches. TaJieiti. A very rare species, and the only one having its pattern of sculpture. The figure in Chemnitz is evidently poorly drawn, and there can be no doubt that the British Museum specimen, figured by Reeve, is a better representation of the species, as it more nearly approaches a specimen now before me. 1 0 AD1NUS. B. BELANGERI, Kiener. PI. 6, figs. 94, 95. Whorls smooth, polished, with distant revolving grooves which are most apparent at the suture, and base of the body whorl ; yellowish, with waved longitudinal faint chestnut lines. Length, '9-1 '4 inches. Aracan. Ceylon. P>. polita, Desh. (fig. 95), is this species, figured from a laded specimen. B. DILUTA, Krauss. PL 6, figs. 96, 97. Whorls with revolving stria1; whitish, lower part of body whorl longitudinally flamed with chestnut-brown ; columella truncate at base. Length, 1 inch. Natal, So. Africa. Painted like B. semifiammea, Reeve, but immediately disting- uished from that species by its narrow Tere&ra-like form and truncate columella. This last character suggests the succeeding species which, however, is peculiar in having a thickened lip, minutely dentate within. It is possible that they are identical, and that B. dilata has a thin, unarmed lip because the specimens are not adult. Yon Martens has described a var. mediol&vix (fig. 97), in which the revolving grooves do not occur on the middle of the body whorl — a character of no importance. Submenus Adinus, II. a id A. Adam?. B. TRUNCATA, Reeve. PI. 6, fig. 98. Yellowish white; whorls striated above and at base. Length, 1*25-1*5 inches. Habitat unknown. The characters of this species are those of the subgenus. It is probably So. African. See remarks under preceding species. Unidentified and Doubtful Species. B. ELONGATULA, Anton. Habitat unknown. B. ICTERICA, Solander. H. and A. Adams' Genera. B. OSSEUM, Menke. The type specimen is lost. B. VELATA, Gould This is undoubtedly a Nassa gaudiosa. B. TAMSIANA, Dunker. Guinea, W. Africa. B. CUMINGIANA, Duiikei Habitat unknown. B. ELEGANS, Dunker. Habitat unknown. B. LYMNEANA, A. Ad. = Volutliarpa. NASSA. 17 NASSA., I, MIII. II. and A. Adams in their kk Genera of Uo"ent Mollusca" have enumerated 210 species of Xassa; Reeve's Monograph in the "Conchologia Iconica" conttiins 182 accepted species and 13 synonyms, = 195 names in all. The present monograph includes ;")!).") specific names, of which 131 only are accepted as i>oo(J4 are relegated to the synonymy of these, and 100 arc undetermined for want of illustrations or specimens. The dis- tribution of the genus is world-wide, except that no specimens exist in the icy seas near the poles — where they appear to be replaced by the Bnccinnms. They occur principally in the waters of tropical and subtropical latitudes. The fossil species are few in number, commencing with the Eocene formation. For some of the American fossils Mr. T. A. Conrad has proposed distinct generic names, but their separation from Xassa is scarcely advisable. The animal of Xassa has a broad head, and a foot qnadrately expanded in front, with the corners often pointed, whilst behind it bifurcates and is prolonged frequently into two subulate tails. The operculum is usually serrate on the margin but is sometimes plain. The Xassre are very active, and not at all shy when kept in confinement. They may be occasionally seen floating with the foot upwards. They are predaceous, feeding on other mol- Insks, the shells of which they bore. I have frequently seen the shells of the American species themselves bored, the hole being of such a size as to suggest cannibalism. Perhaps the avenger of their misdeeds is a beautiful and very active hermit crab which disports itself in the Nassa's shell, immense multitudes being seen at low tide in the water near the shore line. Whether begged, borrowed, stolen, or lawfully captured by the red right claw, it is certain that, at Atlantic Chy, Xew Jersey, the hermit inhabits a vast majority of the specimens of Nassa occurring to the collector. Although roost of the species are littoral, a few have been collected at considerable depths; the undescribed N. brychia, Watson, was dredged at (>20 fathoms by the " Challenger Expedition." Some of them have been observed to spring up and throw themselves over on being suddenly disturbed. Usually they glide along the surface of the mud, leaving a track indicating their line of inarch, at the end of which is a small 3 18 NASSA. round pellet; under this the creature conceals itself. The fry twist and twirl about by means of their ciliated lobes. N. imitabilis is an article of food in Italy. The generic name is that of a narrow-necked wicker basket used for catching fish, and in such a basket, lobster pots, etc., the Nassa itself is frequently caught, attracted thither by odors savory. Naxsa, reticulata is said to be very destructive in the oyster pares of Arcachon (S. of France). It is so numerous that a single tide has yielded 14,600 specimens within a space of 40 French hectares (= about 100 acres). The adult Nassa will bore through the shell of an oyster three years old, within eight hours ; but the young shells are far more destructive because they select the tender shells of the very young oysters, some- times piercing fifteen or twenty in succession before their hunger is satisfied. An oyster a month old is destroyed in a half hour.* One of the best students of the genus JVas.sa is undoubtedly Mr. F. P. Marrat, of the Liverpool Museum, f Imbued with extreme development views he has, unfortunately, adopted the principle in his scientific work that, the variations of species being illimitable — species in fact, as usually defined, being non- existant, the naturalist may apply a specific name for each modification of form, sculpture or coloration ; a principle the absurdity of which must be apparent when it is considered that, no two shells being exactly alike, it will admit of the description of every individual specimen as a " new form/' Mr. Marrat has, however, fully demonstrated the insufficiency of distinctions based on sculpture in a number of species of the genus ; a result most confusing to the systematic, and which leaves the validity of many forms described from single or few specimens very questionable. I am tempted to make some extracts from Mr. Marrat 's latest paper,J the subject of variation being sufficiently important in a general sense to justify me in devoting a few lines to its illustration in this particular genus. * Soubeiran, Bull. Soc. d'Acclimatation, 2 Ser., iii, 3, 1860. f "On the variation of sculpture exhibited in the shells of the genus Nassa." " On forty proposed new forms in the genus Nassa," etc. J " On the Varieties of the Shells belonging1 to the genus Nassa." NASSA. 1 9 " The study of varieties in the genus JVassa," says Mr. Marrat, " IIMS achieved one great object — it has taught us the whole details of the plan on which the external ornamentation of shells has been elaborated. The whole of the variation, from the smooth shell to the most elaborately-sculptured examples, is plainly to be seen as effected through almost imperceptible gradations. . "Variation through the whole kingdom of Nature is the rule and not the exception. It is the prejudice exhibited by Scientists against so much that is clear and distinct, that creates the con- tusion. If studied as it exists, the whole group is manifestly developed, step by step, and we see the wisdom, power and 'lie licence of the Maker. "The greater part of the works on Natural History are •itten in the closets of the authors, who both theorise and »py to a large extent; but, unfortunately, they copy errors as as tacts. " The study of variation has opened up a subject so vast in its dimensions that the mind almost shrinks from the task of estimating it. In every direction variation extends, in every way variation seems to ramify, until we gaze and wonder if there be any end. " Instead of 200 species, at least 3000 varieties are before me, and the end appears nearly as far on" as ever. Taking a careful survey of the shells under consideration, and noting more par- ticularly the common forms and the changes presented by them, we are enabled to form an estimate of the enormous number likely to be met with, if we persevere in our work of collecting varieties. ." Species are and have been made by men in their ignorance. Had they known the alliances, it would have been impossible for them to have committed such mistakes as are to be found iu conchologieal books. Species have been and still are the ultimatum of scientists. It appears to me that they have an instinctive horror of the nameless. Lamarck described the A"a.s.sr/ tiiibxjt'uioxa from shells that were subspinous, not then knowing that there were cariuated, costatetl, muricated, and smooth varieties of it. At least six good (?) species have emerged from the varieties of Lamarck's shell : N. bjrata , 20 NASSA. Marrat, is the lyrate form ; JV. tricarinata, Lam., is the carinated form; N. wulpta, Marrat, is another; JV. sistroides, Nevill, N. trinodosa, Smith, and N. corticata, A. Ad. Another variety occurs, showing a close affinity with the N. muricata, Quoy and Graim., and the shell figured in Reeve's Conchologia Iconica as the N. vibex, Say, is a spiny form. Some of the shells from Ceylon are very closely connected with varieties of the N. Gruneri, D linker, and others with smoother ribs to the JV. Jack- soniana, Quoy and Gaim. " We may name these shells and describe them as distinct, but they will not be so after we have finished; on the contrary, we may adopt another plan and name them varieties, but the same objection continues; the variety we have named as coming from any locality will be found to differ from the shells brought up from the same ground by the next haul of the dredge. It is a very disagreeable task to be compelled to state that the starting- point of the systematist, upon which the whole- fabric is built up, is wrong, and the whole of the deductions drawn from this source are erroneous; nevertheless I am compelled to utter that which I believe to be strictly and unquestionably true. I can- not expect that conchologists who are totally unacquainted with the materials upon which I have based my deductions, will coincide with my views. If they had obtained a knowledg- the whole of the figured or described species of Xassa, they could not by this plan follow the intricate passages revealed by the study of variation. It is not by an intimate knowledge of the described species that these facts are elicited, but it depends upon a knowledge of the innumerable intermediate forms which diverge from them in every direction as to how these deductions are to be drawn. " In a long series of forms, commencing with shells represent- ing the largest specimens in the genus, these can be traced with unerring certainty into others, forming the smallest examples known to exist; again, the broadest varieties can just as easily be connected with others that are the narrowest examples in the group; and every grade of difference throughout the long lines of progressive variation is distinctly seen. In the case of the shells having smooth forms, such as A". f/m».s, Linn., the varieties may not be all smooth specimens, but they may vary into costate lilt' dot NASSA. 21 and even cancellated examples. Again, instead ot'tluMV being a. uniform thickness observable, one set will be almost transparent, or thin and hyaline, and another thick and quite opaque. The sculpturing is in many cases confined to the upper whorls, but we find shells in which the pattern is commenced on the top, gradually spreading in successive development until it covers the whole shell; in one case it may form smooth un sculptured ribs, or in another it may diverge into any of the forms of sculpture we meet with in other groups of shells. The tip of the spire may be of the same color as the remaining portion of the shell, or it may vary into almost every shade of pink, rufous, rown, purple, or almost black. " From these observations taken from the shells, and not intended to support or illustrate any theoiy, it is very easy to that instead of a fixedness in the characters used for the extermination of species, exactly the opposite appears to be the case; the specimens presenting such an amount of variation in every direction that it becomes absolutely impossible to ailix any set of characters to them that will lead to their future recognition. " The greater part of the shells figured and described as new species have for their recommendation to our notice a single specimen, and that often in bad condition. Men are so anxious to, have their names appended to something new that every other consideration is overlooked by them. They cannot wait until sufficient evidence is produced either to confirm their opinions or show them that the characters they had given were incorrect, but down it goes on to paper, and there it remains/' What a commentary on this and preceding paragraphs is the printing of numerous new names and descriptions, in the very pamphlet from which these brave extracts are made ! These new species, alas ! are Hot even figured, no dimensions are given, and in many cases no locality. The descriptions are prefaced by the remark — u What are the shells described in the following pages? — My answer is, I do not know. The amount of knowl- edge is confined to the single specimens (!) in most instances and to three or four at most in any case. At present these shells appear to me to be distinct, simply l>ecause of my igno- rance of all their alliances, but that this should be the real 22 NA8SA. state of the case is exceedingly improbable if not absolutely impossible." Mr. Marrat's dilemma is that, whilst disbelieving in species, he cannot pursue his work without naming and describing specie*. It would be impossible to give a full descriptive portraiture of an object every time it is referred to, in order that the writer's conception of it and that of the reader shall agree ; therefore we adopt a conventional system — the binomial nomenclature to recall certain characters by the use of two names. I think, however, that it is a logical deduction from the views expressed by Mr. Marrat that his species should not possess such salient characters as those proposed by authors who believe more or less in the doctrine of the persistence of form: if the latter species do not present very strong claims for recognition, the former may be supposed to present no claims whatever, — unless we agree that each individual specimen in the genus shall receive a distinct specific name. If there be only one species in the genus Naxxa, as opined by Mr. Marrat, science still requires names for those groups which normally present recognizable distinctive Huir- arcters; without a nomenclature and a system, however arbitrary and unnatural, the publication of the results of scientific research would be impossible. The doctrine of unalterable uniformity in specific characters is overthrown, but a wise conservatism will, let us hope, cause conchologists to refrain from naming and describing every individual specimen: at least, gentlemen, do not overwhelm our ancient and tottering barriers with your logical deluge, until we, who have so carefully erected and guarded them, shall have retired from conchological pursuits. Aprex nous le deluge, if you please ! Typical Species. X. MUTABILIS, Linn. PI. 7, figs. 1-3. Light brown, with somewhat undulated longitudinal darker markings, generally confluent into a darker interrupted band nl the sutures. Length, 1-1-25 inches. Mediterranean Sea, 4 to 10 fathoms ; W. Const of Africa ; Canary Isles, Fossil in the miocene of 8. Europe. Upon the embryology of this species see Bobretsky, in Archiv fiir Mikros. Anat., xiii, 97. \.ASS A. '2:\ A'. rj't'ilferi. Phil. (PI. 11, iig. U4), has been referred to this species as a variety by Marrat and others; I do not think, how- ever, that it can be placed in the same group at all, as all its affinities are with N. TENUIS, E. A. Smith. PL 7, figs. 4, 5. Yellowish white, mottled with yellowish brown, darker at the suture. Length, 20 mill. Jti.pun ; China. This species was described by Lischke as A7. Japonira, after- wards changed to N. balleata, on account of the previous use of the first name by Mr. A. Adams. N. balteata being preoccupied by Pease. Mr. E. A. Smith has referred the species to his N. t(jnuin, which was originally described without reference to these relationships. Mr. Smith also refers the N. Japontca, Adams, here, doubtfully, the type having disappeared from the Cuming- ian collection. I fear I must add to this confusion by doubting the identity of Mr. Smith's species with bafteata, Lischke, although it appears to correspond well with Adams' description of ,Ta.}>(t)rira. ,N. xufllata, Gould (not figured), appears from the description to be identical. The species is very closely allied to N. mnff/l>i.lix, L. X. L^EVIGATA, Marrat. PI. 7, fig. (5. Yellowish white, with darker strigations, which tend to mass into revolving bands in some specimens. The suture is some- times noduled. Length, -75 inch. China. The spire is more elevated, the shell more solid than the last species; the coloration and polished surface allies it to the mufabilia group. X. CORONATA, Brug. PL 7, figs 7, 8. White, olive or chestnut; with usually a white median zone on the dark varieties or a darker zone on the light colored specimens. Length, 1-1-2 inches. Madagascar, J figs. 33, £4. Very broadly gibbous when adult, with wide-spreading, thick margined callus'; ribs small, distant, sometimes cancellated and nodulous ; white, three banded with chestnut or suffused with with olive. Length, -4--5 inch. P?iil:ppines, in sandy mud at seven fathoms ; Indian Ocean. This may be only a variety of the preceding species, from which it is distinguished principally by form and sculpture. N. faUoxpira, A. Ad. (fig. 34 , is synonymous. N. CANCELLATA, A. Ad. PI. 8, fig. 35. Light brown, maculated with darker brown. Length, '6 inch. Philippine*, The type is said to be rather thin and semitransparent. N. MANGELIOIDES, Reeve. PL 8, fig. 36. Solid, dark ash-color; whorls tuberculated at the upper part, tubercles here and there prolonged into ribs, interstices cancel- lated. Length, *5 inch. .Port Jack*on< Auttralw (Angns . May be only a more solid growth of Ar. ranrallato. X. ULOBOSA, Quoy. PL 8, figs. 3T, 38. Longitudinally finely plicated, crossed by revolving stria1 : yellowish white, tinged or nearly covered with chocolate, with frequently a white central band. Length, '5-*65 inch. New Ireland, Viti Isles. N. clathrata, Kiener (fig. 38-, is the same. X. GRANIFERA, Kiener. PL 8, figs. 39-41. White or yellowish, tuberculate. Length, -G--9 inch. Philippines to Central Polynesia ; Isle of Bourbon. NAYTIA, ALECTKION. 27 Mr. Marrat considers his .V. nodiilonfi. probably a deep-water form of A', granifera: it is not figured. N. ohlit/na. Ilombr. and Jacq. (fig. 40), N. obliqua, Pease (unfigured),and N. Desh. (tig. 41) are synonyms. us Naytia 11. and A. Adams. N. GLABUATA, 8owl>. PI. 8. figs. 42. 4.%>. Light fawn-color, highly polished, with sometimes, traces of ribs ut the sutures. Leiiirtli, 'S-MJ inch. IF. CoaM of Afrifi. Described doubtfully as a Strombit*. N. oUiqna, Kiener (iig. ), is ji synonym. (JRANA, Lam. PL 8. fig. 44. Yellowish white, brown spotted at the sutures, mul with inter- rupted revolving brown lines. Length, *4 inch. Mediterro uean ^c-. Broadly ovate, approaching Ar. mutabilix, L. in form. Length, '2'2 mill. Three specimens, without locality, in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy. Var. ELKGAXS. Kiener. Figs. 47- Hi. AVhorls inconspicuously shouldered beneath the sutures. Besides the revolving brown lines the surface is clouded or striped longitudinally, and revolving series of quadrangular spots frequently occur upon the shoulder and middle of the -horl. Length, 22-27 mill. tio. 28 ALECTRION. A smaller, more gracefully formed shell than the type, and typically sufficiently distinct, but varies much. Kiener's figure is a poor one (fig. 47), and that which Reeve has given, as well as his description, refers to a N. taenia, Gmel. The following are synonyms: N. rufula, Reeve (tig. 48), and N. npirata, A. Ad. (fig. 49). Var. SUTURALIS, Lain. Figs. 52-54. Shoulder coronated by a row of tubercles. Length, 1-1 '5 inches. Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia. Fig. 54 represents the typical form, whilst iig. 53 shows a. variety with the tubercles almost obsolete, passing into v:ir. elegant . N. intermedia, Dunker (fig. 52) is an equivalent form, and N. bucculenta, Marrat, an unfigured species, may also be placed here. N. HIRTA, Kiener. PI. 8, figs. 50. 51, 55-59. Light yellowish or orange-brown, with usually a pale central band. Length, 1 inch. Philippines, Australia, Polynesia, Indian Ocean . The undoubted synonyms of this species are N. VitiensiK, Hombr. et Jaeq. (tig. 57), N. titoliczkana, Nevill (tig. 58), N. costata, A. Ad. (fig. 50) and N. crenulata, Reeve, not Brug. (fig. 56). N. crenulata, Brug. is not to be identified positively, but looks more like N.-arcidaria than the present species. N. hirta probably runs into the next species, N. moni/e. N. riodifera, Powis (fig. 55), is not a satisfactorily determined form ; if the figure which I copy from Reeve is correct, it appears to be a very broad, short, large specimen of N. hirta, connecting with N. pulla, Linn. The localities of N. nodifera, " Panama and Galapagos," are almost certainly incorrect. N. bifaria, Baird (fig. 59) is, I think, a stumpy variety. N. MONILE, Kiener. PL 9, figs. 60-68. Yellowish or ash color, with a rather broad darker central band, and sometimes narrower ones above and below it. Surface beautifully polished, ribs more fiexuous than in .V. hirta; a double row of nodules below the suture, caused by an impressed line on the sloping shoulder. Length, 1 inch. Philippines, Australia,, Central Polynesia. ALECTIUON. 29 This species is, typic:illy, readily distinguished 1'rom i\r. hirta, but appears to approach the latter through varieties. The oldest name given to it is possibly N. hepah'cn, Mont., wh nred a similar species in error as British, but it is well known as monile, and no useful purpose will be subserved iii'Nchangm"; its name. N. lachrywu&a, Reeve (rig-. 62) and X. ptnipcrafa^ (J,uoy = N. bullata, Marr. (tig. 61), are synonyms, and N. Jarkso nianti, Quoy (figs. 63, 64) is a dwarf race, from Australia — a, well- marked variety. N. mucronata, A. Ad. (fig. 67), is a variety in which the ribs are partially separated into granules, ami X. dix- torta, A. Ad. (fig. 68), is a monstrosity, apparently of this species. N. corticafa, A. Ad. (fig. 66), appears to var. Jar/,- soniana, as docs also* X. acufico$tata: Montr, (fig. 65), and A'. Taxman ira.. Woods (nnfigured). X. OBESA, G. and II. Nevill. Shell thick, shining; brown indistinctly and minutely mottle , but with the same colora- tion, its form being intermediate between that species and N. teila, Reeve. N. sccibriuscula, C. B. Ad., and N. Wilsoni, C. B. Ad. (fig. 106), are synonym^. Possibly N. gemma, Phil. (fig. 107), may also belong here, as suggested by Mr. Mnrrat. X. CAI-KNSK. Dunker. PL 10, figs. 108-110. Yellowish or white, with a brown band. Length. 't)5 inch. Soiilh Africa. X. /mlchella. A. Ad. (fig. 110), is a variety. X. < A", ('nn'rri. X. IsAKELLEt. d'Orb. PL 10, fig. 104. White, ribs, evanescent on the body whorl. Animal white, active in its movements. Length, 5 mill. Rocks ; San Bias, Patagonia. Probably not a Nasaa. 34 ZEUXIS. N. FOYEOLATA, Dunkor. PI. 10, fig. 111. Ash-colored; longitudinally finely ribbed, interstices cancel- lated. Length, '7 inch. Hal. unknown. The figure is rather wider than the usual form of 'N. leptovpira, and shows' a narrow, defined columella-callus ; nevertheless, I strongly suspect that this is only an immature form of that species. N. PLANICOSTATA, A. Adams. PL 10. iig. 112. Ash-colored, closely and finely flat-ribbed, ribs sometimes obsolete on the body whorl. Length, 20 mill. Payta, Peru; under stones at low water. — Gaming. N. SPARTA, Marratt. PL 10, fig. 113.. Light ash-color, fasciate witli fulvous, purplish within. Length, *5 inch. W. Coast- of So. America. I am not acquainted with this species. N. GAUDIOSA, Hinds. PL 10, figs. 114-120; PL 11, figs. 121-124. 126-132. Spire usually acuminate, ribbed, sutures crenulate or smooth, body whorl generally smooth. Whitish, yellow, rufous, choco- late, with frequently distant, narrow red revolving lines and irregular broad bands ; maculate or closely punctate with darker markings ; sometimes unicolored. The form varies from elongated to broad ovate, frequently constricted at the upper part of each whorl. Length, *75-l inch. Straits of Malacca, Philippines, Polynesia/, Sandwich Islands, Guinea Coast, W. Africa. A solid, smooth, usually gaudily painted species, varying very much in form and coloration. A large number of these variations have received ~ specific names, but I do not find in any of them really distinctive characters. N. sertula, A. Ad. (fig. 116), and N. semisulcata, Dunker (fig. 117), have the typical coloration, and the latter possesses the distant red revolving lines, which so frequently form the groundwork of the ornamentation. In N. zonalis, A. Ad. (fig. 118), the three brown bands which are obscurely marked in N. sertula, become well colored. Another ggtncre. modification of tin? handed form is .V. xnri'int'tci, A. Ad. (tic;. 110). N. MorraHi. K. A. Smith (fig. 120), is n small form in which the sutures are maculate; the colored. revolving lines -a re present in the specimens before me, but in the darker colored ones are much obscured by the* coloration. In N. punctaln. A. Ad. (fig. 121), the sutural painting is retained, but the shell is so clouded with dark chocolate-color as to obscure the other markings. N. f-ontpta, A. Ad. (fig-. 122), is similar, whilst the inkiest specimens have been called 2V. rrh.ta. Gould (figs. 123, 125), and N. li/<-fn- O.SY/, A. Ad. (fig. 126). X. lenticiinosa, A. Ad. (fig. 127), has been proposed for shells allied to punctata, dark in color, with sutural crenulation> and red revolving lines. N. iilina, Gould, and .V. ferruginea, Mai-rat. both mifigured, are also probably syn- onyms. A light colored or nearly white variety, with the revolving brown lines and brown maculations, has been called by Gould N. Uhiriini (fig. 128). and by D nnker X. i.-ofurnu- (tig. 129). To these may be added also X. wnai-nt-d, Marrat (tig. 130). from Whydah. Coast of Guinea, W. Africa; and X. pal- litlttiu. A. Ad. (fig. 131), a faded specimen from Malacca, and which equals X. -nit'-ann. A. Ad. (tig. 132), a similarly faded specimen from the Philippines. A', /lui-a,. Marrat, habitat un- known. and X. polita. Marrat. from Mauritius, both uniigured, are, judging from the descriptions, at least very closely related to A'. 'j(indivi$u. X. flandi'itlina, A. Ad., an uniigured Japanese species, may also be placed here until a figure may perhaps fur- nish the distinctive characters which cannot be found in the description. X. IMCTA, Dunker. PI. 11, figs. 133-142. Shell broadly ovate, very smooth and polished ; spire short. conic, first finely, then distantly, undulately plicate; ; body whorl narrowly round-shouldered above, sometimes obsoletely tuber-- dilate on the shoulder, incisely striate near the base. Color everywhere minutely flecked with brown or ash and white, with sometimes narrow brown revolving lines. Length. -(>-'8 inch. Philippines, Mauritius, Australia, Central Polynesia, Cape Verd Is. It is with considerable hesitation that I allow this to stand as a distinct species from the preceding, with which it has much in common. It has man}' synonyms: N. filutui, GrMy (fig. 134), N. graphiterdi Beck (fig. 135), N. Reeveana, Dunker (fig. 13rt), .V. dispar,.A. Ad. (fig. 137s &• lurida, Gould (fig. 138V X. musiva, Gould (fig. 139), as well as probably the the following unfigured species, N. Kienvri, Anton, N: obliquata, A. Ad., X. plicatula, Dunker. The three following species appear to me to be mere varieties of N. picta, perhaps connecting it with N. gaudiosa: Yar. MARMOREA, A. Ad. Fig. 140. Whitish, marbled with yellowish brown, the maculations some- times disposed in two or three bands. Length, 1 inch. Philippines, sandy mud, at 25 fathoms. — Cumiiig. Var. ALGIDA, Reeve. Fig. 141. Livid olive, blotched with white, and painted longitudinally with waved brown streaks. Length, 1 inch. Moreton Bay, Australia. Var. BICALLOSA, E. A. Smith. Fig. 1 42. Whitish, livid at the sutures. Length, 1 inch. West Australia, Swan River, Cape Natal. The double tubercular callus at the base of the columella is not unfrequently developed in very hc*ivy specimens of other species, and is an individual rather than specific character. N. CONSPERSA, Phil. PI. 11, figs. 143, 144. Shell very small, smooth, thick ; yellowish or white, maculate with chocqlate, forming on the body whorl two irregular bands. Length, -4--5 inch. Canary Islands. Does not differ essentially from N. picta, except by its much smaller size and heavier structure : it may well be a dwarf form of that species. N. Pfeifferi, Phil. (fig. 144), is synonymous. Several authors have recognized this shell as N. glaberrima, Gmel., but the description is indefinite, and the figures referred to are unrecognizable. N. HALDEMANI, Dunker. PI. 11, figs. 145, 146. Whitish, marbled with yellowish brown or chestnut zebra-like markings, smooth and polished, initial whorls longitudinally plicate, base of body whorl with revolving impressed lines. Length, -5 inch. East Indies. ZKl'XIS. 37 Besides the typical figure, I give a drawing of one of four specimens in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy, which I identify with this species (fig. 146). X. iNSKiNis, H. Adams. PI. 11, fig. 147. Smooth, yellowish brown, with three revolving bands of chest- nut maculations. Length, 11 mill. River Feiho, China. Said to have been found in company writh Velorita, and there- fore possibly a brackish-water species. Mr. Adams has proposed for this shell the generic name Nassodonta, and refers it to the family Buccinida?. The generic character is the development of a tubercle within the thickened margin of the lip, and rather above the periphery — a position in which, according to experi- ence, such a feature ought to be regarded as abnormal. It is just possible that this shell is a Melanian. N. CORXICULUM, Olivi. PI. 11, tigs. 148-150; pi. 12, figs. 151-153. Upper whorls finel}' plicate or smooth, three last whorls smooth, impressed revolving lines on base, or sometimes entire surface of body whorl. A very thin horny epidermis covers fresh specimens. Yellowish or reddish brown, with usually, a pale central band ; sometimes maculated with white and brown at, the sutures, sometimes finely maculated over the entire sur- face, with red-brown, sometimes trifasciate. or the bands broken up into maculations. Salmon-colored within the aperture. Length. -5-' 7 5 inch. Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Coasts of Southern Europe, and Northern Africa. A protean species, which, together with N. conspersa, Messrs. Adams have referred to Amycla in Columbellidae : the shell, animal and dentition, are decidedly Xassoid, however. N. semi- striata, Broccfri (fig. 150), a fossil form, is considered distinct by some of the best European conchologists, and N. trifaxciata, A. Ad. (unfigured), is made one of its synonyms ; whilst N. Gallandiana, Fischer (fig. 152), is regarded as a variety of it. I am not able to separate these from cornict.di.im. X. Tinei, Marav. (fig. 153), is also doubtfully referred to cornicaluin: it is immature, possibly distorted in growth ; and perhaps badly 88 ACICULTNA. figured. N. quercina, Marrat, published without figure, locality or dimensions, is stated by Marrat to be " nearly allied to that very variable shell N. corniculum, Olivi, and may be only a variety of it." N. INSCULPTA, Carpenter. PL 12, fig. 154. Shell with close revolving striae, upper whorls of spire slightly costate longitudinally ; light yellowish brown, interruptedly fasciate or marked with chestnut. Length, '75 inch. Catalina Island, Gal. -40 fathoms. I owe to the kindness of Mr. R. E. C. Stearns, the opportunity of illustrating this rare and hitherto urifigured species. Subgenus Aciculina, H. and A. Ad. The characters "outer lip produced % in, the middle, variced externally," do not hold good for all the species : in fact, Aden- Una differs from Zeuxis only in the species being longer in pro- portion to their width — still^ it will be convenient to retain it. X. ANTHRACINA, GaiTett. PI. 12, fig. 155. Smooth, with fine revolving impressed lines. Black or black- ish brown, with a light brown line on the upper part of the body whorl ; aperture brown within. Length, 7 mill. Viti Isles. Only two specimens obtained, of which one (the type figured ) is in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy. Somewhat resembles a Planaxis, but is a true Nassa. N. GLABRATA, A. Ad. PI. 12, figs. 156, 157. Smooth, pupiform', slightly costate at the apex, with fine revolving striae on the body whorl. Olive brown, sometimes banded with ash-color. Length, *5-'6 inch. Philippine** Aracan, Solomon lilandt I have unicolored specimens before me. and specimens h,-i\ v, been collected with from one to three bands. JV". Piipinoide**, Reeve (for N. striata, A. Ad., preoccupied), is a synonym (fig. 157). N. MACULATA, A. Ad. PL 12. figs. 158, 159. Polished, with sometimes slight indications of rounded ribs and revolving basal striations. Whitish, longitudinally macu- lated with chestnut, frequently disposed in two revolving- series or interrupted bands, Length, .*5 inch. Philippines. : PHRONTIS. 39 X. w'tlata. A. Ad. (fig. 159), is a synonym. X. S.EROTINA, A. Ad. PI. 12, fig. 160. Yellowish brown, shining, lighter at the sutures. Length, -5-'7 inch. Australia, Cape of Good Hope. X. LABIATA, A. Ad. PI. 12. figs. 161, 162. Yellowish brown or ash-color, obscurely light banded in the middle. Length, *7 inch. Malacca. X. Terebroides, Reeve (fig. 162), is a synonym, the flexuous sinus of the upper end of the lip figured in N. labiata, being othing but an individual variation. . ELATA, Gould. PL 11, fig. 125. Whorls eight, flattened, turrited, with a marginal line near the suture ; six upper ones with distant, acute folds ; penultimate and upper half of body whorl smooth ; lower part of the latter with half-a-dozen regular, deeply impressed, revolving striae. Length, '7 inch. Africa. I am not acquainted with the species. Submenus Phrontis, H. and A. Adams. X. IATKOSTOMA. Brod. and Sowb. PI. 12, figs. 163-165. Olive brown or ash-color, sometimes with a broad black or narrow white band; lip and expanded callus orange. Length, '0-1 *2 inches. Panama to Mazatlan. N. luleoxfoma, Kiener (fig. 163), is a synonym: its locality is erroneously given '• Senegal." X. xanthostoma, Gray (fig. 165), is also svnonvmous. X. TI:<;I J.A. Reeve. PL 12. figs. 166, 167. Ash-color, usually lighter below the sutures and on the nodules, with a light band just below the nodulous shoulder ; aperture dark within, but showing the whitish band ; lip and columella callus white. Length, -5--75 inch. Galapagos; Panama (Cuming); Mazatlan; Southern Coast of California. 40 PHRONTIS. The name adopted for this species is not the earliest one, but it is too well established to be superseded without disadvantage to science, especially as N. glauca, C. B. Ad. (fig. 167), which has a year's priority of publication, is not positively identified. Several Pacific Islands and East Indian species have been sup- posed by Carpenter, Marrat, Pease and others to be identical, but though resembling tegula in sculpture, the painting in all these is different. N. ANNELLIFERA, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 168. Yellowish, encircled by bands of brown, thread-like lines. Length, '7 inch. Habitat unknown. I know nothing about this species. N. SANCT^-HELEN.E, A. Adams. PL 12, fig. 169. White, interruptedly banded with red. Length, -3 inch. St. Helena, in sandy mud, at 20 fathoms. — Cuming. Said to resemble N. ambigua, Mont. N. OBTUSATA, A. Ad. PL 12, fig. HO. Whitish, filleted with red spots or interruptedly banded. Length, *65 inch. 7. of Ticao, Philippines (in coral sand, at 7 fathoms. -Cuming). " Chiefly distinguished," says Reeve, " by the obtuse, widely separated character of the ribs, and the fine-ridged sculpture of the interstices." I have before me a series of specimens said to come from the Straits of Malacca, which correspond well with the figure of this species. They are heavier, larger and more quadrate in form, yet closely resembling the West Indian N. ambigua. X. FISSILABRIS, A. Ad. PL 12, figs. 171-173, 179. Ash-colored, faintly light banded, or whitish and interruptedly red-banded. Length, -fi-'To inch. Philippines. The, posterior channel of the aperture, may have been more developed than usual in the type of this species, but it is a character which pervades most of the species of this group. N. nodicostata, A. Ad. (fig. 172), N. crenolirata, A. Ad. (fig. 179), and N. Stearnsiana (Garrett), Marrat, are equivalent forms — the PHRONTIS. 41 latter being iinligured and undeseribed. A'. (ilbt(>iuu'tata, Reeve (fig. 173), said to have taint white-dotted bands, but which are not shown by the figure, can scarcely be different. X. TIARULA, Kiener. PI. 12, figs. 174-178. Ribs lew, rounded, prominent ; whorls broadly shouldered and frequently tuberculated on the shoulder. White, with a single central, or several interrupted, narrow, brown bands. Length. •,")-•(> inch. Solomon9* 7*., Philippines, ? Madagascar, Kiener. This is a more quadrate, solid, smaller form than the pre- ceding. It, as well as some of its synonyms, has been referred *X. fef/ula. Reeve, by such experienced students as Pease, rpenter, Marrat : I think, however, that the form and colora- n and difference of habitat, will justify a separation. I add Kiener's figure (fig. 174) one by Reeve, in which the ribs are obsolete (fig. 175). X. coronula, A. Ad. (fig. 176), N. delicata, A. Ad. (fig. 177), are synonyms. N. trinodom, K. A. Smith (fig. 178), from Solomon's Is., is probably a variety of this species, although it has partly the features of Ar. x//h*j)innxa. Lam. X. CINCTELLA, Gould. PI. 13, figs. 180-1 8i>. Shoulder rounded, ribs narrow, strongly laticed by revolving- lines. White, with sometimes a narrow median brown band. Length. -45 -M> inch. Philippine*, Central Polynesia, N. clathratnld. A. Ad. (fig. 1 82 \ is synonymous. \. chirtvlla, A. Ad. (fig. 1S1 ), from St. Helena, is very close, if not identical. X. NKiRA, Honibr. et .Jacq. PI. 13. figs. 1S3-1S7. Dark chocolate-color within and without, with usually a light band. Length. •»-•('& inch. Philippines. With this I unite X Urafa. Marrat. whicn 1 figure from an author's type » tig. 184 . JV. D4'shnye#iana,, issel (tig. 18.")*. in which the ribs, especially round the upper part of the body whorl, are more or less nodulous. X. Kcalfirinn. Marrat (fig. 180). I am inclined to believe that .V. Xou*.-Zealandit€. Reeve (fig. IT), is nierelv a varietv. li? PHRONTIS. X. CRASSA. Koch. PI. 1/5. t'm's. ISX-iOO. Yellowish or irreyish, witli usually a superior white band. Yery thick, rilis rather small, broken into i>T:inule*. Length, '(>-'~~\ inch. (.'Jn'iKi, Viti Ifil.ex. Fiir. 1X8 is a copy of the type, said to conic from China, hut that locality is doubtful : the more usual form of the species is that of 1ii>-. ISO. A', xf.iit'ixulrvfft.. Hombr. et Jacq. (lisr. '1 0(1). is a synonym. The specie* is remarkable lor 1 he ponderous thick- ness of well-uTown individuals. X. MK;A, 15ni is X. <>hlij>l /<•(//retty elose. crossed ;ts wcii as the interstices by line revol vini>- lines. White or yellowish, o-ciierally hnndecl. spotted or maculated with brown. Length. '4 -'.">;"> inch. Wist Indie*, \Ve*f (Jotint of Africa. - Dunker. First described by Montajrn as a British species, and occa- sionally found on the western shores of Europe, but its occurrence is Adventitious. Its more scalariform spire, finer sculpture, color, absence of the strong nodules, and narrow. defined columella callus will serve to distinguish it from A', r/fo'.r. Say. The synonyms are X. Anlilld.rinti (I'm'. 104). N. Candei. (fijr. 10.")) and X. //o/<>.»-/,ecies. X. VIBKX, Say. PI. 13. ii defined by nodules ; ribs not close-. frequently broken into nodules by the revolving stria' ; eolumclla callus ral her widely spread. Usually olive, chocolate or nearly black, li.-ht h:mded <>n the periphery nnd flecked with revolving chestnut si sometimes the shell is nearly white, nnd then. Avhilst retaining tlie red spots, the band is also red, or absent. Length. MI--S inch. J/idft-8 ; Atlitntn' Couxl of the Untied Miffs. itnrtlunnrd to Chesapeake Bay : 2 c-ol bot ;::; Say's type was a stunted specimen, and is badly figured (tig. *). Reeve's figure represents n very different species, a juven- ile A'. ftnl)*/, inoMt, Lam.. from the I>hilii)j)ines ; but \. Anf/llnntni , 'hil. (lio-s. IDJU^OI . aixl X. Stwmii, I'hil. (I'm-. -20--' . will o-ivc a r rejiresentation of tlie usual ranuc of the species in size and color. J/. texwllnia. IJeeve ( iio-. -1(\\\ , N.Jiiiu, Kceve ( li^-. 204 . both described without locality, and A', dnixculuis, lleeve (ii«r. ). from Si. Thomas. \V. I., are also synonyms. A'. /'"relt'Hxrft. kin s (fig. 206), is supposed by its author to j>ossess distin- guishing characters in its proportions, sculpture and color, but it is well within the r:m«v of vai'iation of A', rihr.r, in all these particulars : it is ibund, tliou^h I'arely. at New Haven. (1onn.. and near Salem, Mass., and may have been carried there with southern oysters. X. fmnrimahilit. Marrat. an unh't>-ured specie^ from \;iss.-ui (Bahamas y). is ;dso a probable synonym. A'. /><>fi/- ,)rrfr/. J,;un. (lig. :><)7). is certainly very closely allied to A'. nibex ; it has been misunderstood by Heeve. who has tiu'iired for it a very different species, and Kiener has confounded with it A'. tTacksoniana, (^uoy. a var. of JY. nunuli'. Kiener. m Siib-um.- Hebra, II. a^il A. Adum.-. 1 retain this group after modifying the original diagnosis, which only applies to immature specimens. The muricated or spinose ornamentation forms a convenient separation from /'hroiifift, and the columella callus is also more defined, but the spire is not •• elevated " more than usual, nor is the outer lip without varix or denticulatiops, when mature. N. SLBSPINOSA, Lam. PI. i:j. figs. Jus ~'2\'>. Spiny, nodulous, the nodules generally forming three promi- nent revolving series on the body-whorl, but sometimes subor- 44 JIEBRA. dinated to the longitudinal ribs. Ash-color to dark chocolate, mostly light banded between the spiral rows of tubercles. Length, 'O-'T iiu-li. Indian Ocean, Philippines, New Zealand, Central Polynesia. A'. vtbe.r. Reeve, not Say (tig. 209). is tin elongated, immature shell of this species: to which I refer also, A. yeniculata. A. Ad. (tig. 210), and Ar. xixtroidtia, G. and H. Nevill (tig. 211). A". Kcalpta. Marrat (tig. 212 . is described as passing into A7. on the one hand and A". rorticata on the other. N. MLRICATA, Quoy and Gaimard. PI, 14, tigs. 214-218. 'Whitish or yellowish, with narrow bands or blotches of chest- nut or chocolate. Indian Ocean, Madagascar, New Ireland, Polynesia. Mr. Marrat considers this a variety of A", xubxpinosa, Lam., and he is probably correct — yet the less developed shoulder. more swollen periphery, more numerous, smaller and decidedly prickly tubercles, as well as lighter color, constitute characters deserving of recognition, I think. With it are to be united AV horrida, Bunker (tig. 216), N. Gruneri, Reeve (tig. 217), and A*. curta, Gould (fig. 218). N. GRUNERI, Dunker. PI. 14, tigs. 219-222. White or yellowish, sometimes obscurely banded or spotted. Length, *65-'8 inch. Philippines. Distinguished by its regular, close sculpture of bead-like tubercles, forming both longitudinal and revolving series. The synonyms are N. hispida, A. Ad. (tig. 220), A'. Web'jei, Petit (tig. 221), said- to come from West Coast of Africa (doubtful), and A", acinom, Gould (tig. 222). N. ECHINATA, A. Ad. PI. 14. tigs. 223, 224. Yellowish white, longitudinally flecked with brown. Length, *T inch. Philippines, China, Andaman Isles. This pupa-like species is a form rather unusual in the genus : it may »be only a scalariform monstrosity of A^. muricata. I have not seen specimens of it. Those from the Andamans are said to be proportionally shorter than the type. A\ noddlifera, Phil. (tig. 224 ,, is probably the same species : it is said to come from China. If identical, it will have priority. HI MA. I.) Sul.gerius Hima, Leach. X. STOLATA, (iinol. PI. 14, fig. 225. Whitish or yellowish, with a broad chocolate band on the periphery, and usually a narrower, subsntural one. Length. '75-1 iiu-h. Indian Ocean. X. PAGODA. Keeve. PI. 14. tigs. 22<>-228. Whitish or yellowish, stained or obscurely banded with brown. Length, -8-1-2 inches. Galapagos Is., Panama to Mazatlan. Kiener's N.decu8*afa(flg.%%1)i& synonymous, and his locality " W. Coast of Africa," as well MS that given by Reeve for deuui<#at(i " Brisbane Water. E. Australia.'' are both erroneous. X. ti.Hf/nliJ't'ni. A. Ad. (tig. 228 '.is a juvenile shell; it comes from Galapagos (at ten fathoms i, on the authority of Cuming. X. ca/, 230. Yellowish, ash-color, or light brown ; coluroella-callua and li}> white. Length. 1 inch. Philippines, on mud flats— Cuming ; Corisco Bay — Marrat . X. fitm-dfn. A. Ad. (fig. 230), is probably the same species. X. MYRISTICA. Hinds. PI. 14, figs. 231. 232. Light brown, the revolving ridges darker, sometimes dark- spotted below the sutures. Length. 1 inch. Cape of Good Hope. Notwithstanding the greater prominence of the revolving - ridges, more undulating longitudinal sculpture. and more rugose columella. I doubt the distinctness of this from M. Trilon,- forwiix. Var. RI;F<»UXKATA. Marrat. Fig. 232. Whitish or yellowish, stained or lineated with brown. Length. '9 inch. Ph&ippiiw. It is the .V. polygonata of Reeve (not Lamarck), and differs trom the typical X. myristica only in being shorter and broader. 46 III MA. X. SCABRIUSCULA, Powis. PI. 14, figs. 233-235. Brownish, or usually ash-color, with a superior white band, which is occasionally visible on the spire; revolving lines some- times chestnut-brown. Length, '6-'75 inch. A7, .vollaria, Gould (iig. 234), and N. Stimpgowana, (\ J3. Ad. (tig. 235), appear to be equivalent forms. X. NODATA, Hinds. PL 14, tig. 23(5. Yellowish brown, with one or two faint chocolate b:mds. Length, '8 inch. Stntits of Ma!" N. FASCIATA, Lam. PI. 14, tigs. 23-7, 238. Whitish, with a central chestnut band, tinged with chestnut at the base. Length, '65-'9 inch. Kont'i Auxirf'lid. The whole surface of this species is beautifully granulated. X. FESTIVA, Powis. PI. 14, tigs. 23<>-242. Longitudinal ribs coarsely latticed by strong, close, rounded, revolving riblets. Whitish, interstices of riblets chestnut or chocolate color; columella and lip white. Length. '7-*85 incii. Japan.. N. f estiva is said to have been dredged by Cumin g ut Panama and St. Elena (in sandy mud at six to ten fathoms \, but 1 am not aware that either locality has been confirmed. The next species (N. dentifera, Powis) is a native of those regions, but is constantly distinguished by being thinner, more swollen, and dark chocolate color within and without. The Japanese habitat is undoubted. The synonyms- are JV. Urata, Punker (fig. 240), N. dealbaia, A. Ad. (fig. 241 i.a somewhat narrower form, usual ly white, with a central brown band — it might perhaps be dis- tinguished as a variety, and N. nriitidcntalr*. K. A. Smith (fig. 842). X. DENTIFERA, Powis. PL 14, figs. 243-24,3. Chocolate-brown within and without, with occasionally an obscure lighter central band. Length. -7--85 inch. Panama to. Callao. Peru. N. unidentata, Powis (fig, 244), is an immature shell, and a still younger one is N. Tzchudii, Troschel (fig. 245 \ To t HI MA. 47 M nonvins should probably be added A', corpulenta, Q. P». Ad. ( mitio-ured ). from Panama. X. AiJvssiroi, A. A. Ad. PI. 15. tiir. 255. Dirty white. sli»-litly bead-inaru'ined at the sutures. Length. •;>:> iueli. 1*1 1' of Holml, Tluliftitincx, in clayey ground, tit sixty fathoms — Ouming. I do not know this species. X. PAUPERA, Gould. Pi. i:.. HO-S. 24H-250. Elevated, narrow, whorls rounded, closely costatc. and with fine revol vino- lines ; aperture small. rounded. White or yellowish, sometimes fasciated with brown, or marbled, or with the lower of the body-whorl brown. Length. *35— '5 inch. . Jupnn, Auxti 'nil Pt>hjnl<>h<><'iii4S). .V. mn>,*thw. (jould (im- ). A', fi'tiffi-fiilim. l>unker ((!«•. i4D). is a stouter form, whieli may possibly be identical with the next, species. X. Samoensis, Duuker MS., and A', hitcnlti, K. A. Smith (tii>-. 250). from Japan, described from a single dead specimen, are vei'y ])robal)ly synonyms. X. Tiii.MJA. Souverbie. 1*1. ir>. li^'s. 251. 252. Yellowish brown, sometimes mottled with chestnut, and spotted on the varix of the lip. New Caledonia, S. Australia. With this I unite A". romiHirfri. Anij-as, of which I am able to irive a iiiiure from a sj)ecimen (liu1. 252) : it is the Australian rep- resentative of the European A. inrrnsxutn. X. DKNTICULATA. \. Ad. PL 15. iii>'. 254. Yellowish, banded and blotched with chestnut. Leu o-th. •!> inch. ' Mediterranean Sea. A rjire form, confounded by several authors with AT. <:luthrata. Born ( -.-. limaffi. Auct. ). 48 HIMA. X. PERTTREMIA, Tenison-Woods. PI. 18, fig. 571. Milky white, subpellucid, shining-. Length, 7 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. N. CONCENTRICA, Marrat. PL 15, fig. 260. Greyish, with two brown bands ; beaded at the sutures, closely ribbed, impressed with revolving lines at the base. Length, *65 inch. Habitat unknown. A doubtful species founded upon a figure in Reeve's Icoiiiea intended for N. conchina, Powis — which it is not. N. RISSOIDES, Marrat. PI. 15, fig. 253. Shell white. Length, '55 inch. Jfabitat unknown. Much more slender than the typical N. pa,upera, yet I doubt its distinctness. I have before me a single specimen which is just intermediate between the two forms. N. EXIMIA, H. Adams. PI. 15, fig. 257. Cancellated by very close, small longitudinal and revolving lines; light yellowish brown, with three pale brown revolving bands. Length. 8 mill. JYV/r Hebrides ; Viti Islands —A. Gam Still more pupiform than ^V. paupera, and smaller, with much finer sculpture. N. pusi-lla, Marrat, an nnfigured species from Singapore, is probably (judging from the description) identical. N. CONCINNA, Powis. PI. 15, figs. 250, 258-259. Closely cancellated, with an 'impressed line at the suture, dividing oft' a single row of granules. -Length, '(tf-'H inch. Polynesia ; Australia. In form, sculpture and coloring like the preceding species, but differing greatly in bulk. X. crebrilinedta, Hombr. and Jacq. (fig. 258), and probably X. pulchr.rrima, Marrat (fig. 259). are synonyms. N. INTERLIRATA, E. A. Smith. PL 15, fig. 201. With spiral line in the interstices ol the longitudinal riblets. Dark brown, blackish beneath the sutures. Length. C>-5 mill. $au Christ.it ml, Solomon HIMA. 49 N. NUCLEOLUS, Phil. PI. 15, fig. 262, Whitish, brown at suture and base, with usually a brown central band. Length. 5-fi-5 mill. Mazatlan ; Acapulco — W. M. Gabb. This is one of the few Mazatlaii species unknown to Carpen- ter ; it is a very distinct and pretty form. X. INCRASSATA, Strom. PI. 15, figs. 263-266. Brownish white, usually obscurely maculate or banded with brown ; whorls with or without a slight shoulder ; shell broad to elongated ovate; occasionally (in some specimens) with a varix crossing the whorl; lip varix strong, usually with three rown spots. Length, -45--(> inch. Iceland, and North Europe to Azores, Mediterranean. Fossil, widely distributed in European tertiary and quaternary posits. Owing to the great variability of this species, it has eived numerous names: one of these forms, indeed, is usually para ted by some of the best European conchologists, and it ill be as well, perhaps, to designate it as var. pygmaea, although the immense series of specimens before me compels me to agree with Dr. von Martens, that it has no real claim to specific dis- tinctness. Var. PYGMJEA, Lam. Fig. 265. Shell narrower and more finely sculptured ; whorls rounded, •not augulated above ; spire proportionately longer. A", iiwrassata is a very active mollusk. and now and then changes its crawling position by leisurely floating with its foot upwards. It often gets into lobster and whelk pots. The spawn cases are solitary, yellowish, and shaped like a round flask, witli a. small neck or opening at the top. X. ROSACKA, Keeve. PI. 15, fig. 267. Deep rose-color, black edged at the base, lip white. Length, S-5 mill. Habitat unknown. May be a variety of N. incra^ntn. X. PROMPT A. Marrat. Ovately conical, highly polished, pale yellowish white, with two reddish-purple dotted bands, one in the centre of the body- 50 HIMA. whorl, the other near the canal at the base, whorls rather flattened, ribbed to the base in front and not more than half-way down behind, raised into blnnt nodules at the sutures, aperture semi- lunate, columella thickened but not spreading, tubercular, outer lip very thick, with a thin edge near the aperture ; throat with rather strong- and somewhat distant ridges, canal very short, stained on each side of the base with brown. This may be only a variety of that interminable shell, N. incrassata, Mull., but I have not seen any varieties that are likely to connect them. The above is Marrat's description ; no figure, dimensions or locality. N. ALBA, Say. Shell white. L. -45, lat. '3 inch. Southern Coast of E. Florida, West Indies. The sculpture of this species is said to be similar to that of N. invraaxata, with which Say compares it. It has not been identified by later investigators. Unfigured. N. TENELLA, Reeve. PI. 15, figs. 268, 273. Semitransparent orange, tinged with rose towards the apex, transversely grooved, longitudinally flexuously ribbed, aperture small, columella callous, lip thickly varicose, vnrix white. Length, -5 inch. Cascaes Bay, Portugal. Possibly a variety of N. incrassata, vnr. pt/ytnara, which it- appears to connect with the next species. N. CochmensiK, Thorpe, appears to be an unpublished species, although alluded to by Mr. Marrat ; specimens under that name received from Mr. Sylvan us Hanley, are before me — they do not differ essentially from the figure of N. ienella, Reeve. -The description of N. aryentea. Marrat (fig. 273 s from W. Africa, agrees very well with .N. ten ell a. N. DESHAYESIT, Drouet. PI. 15, fig. 209. Violaceous, with brown revolving, lines. Length, 15 mill. A 2 ore*. See remark under preceding species. N. VERSICOLOR. C. B. Ad. PI. 15. figs. 270-272, 275. Yellowish brown, lower part of body-whorl and sutures usually chestnut-colored. Length, 13 mill. Panama to Mazatlon. NTOTIIA. 51 The ribs are few. vat her broadly rounded, color variable. A. proximo, and A", utriata (fig. 271), of C.. B. Ad., AT. rufocincfo, A. Ad. (fig. -272), N. vrebrintriata, Carpenter (iinfigured), :md N. Lwndrci. Fulin (fig. 275). :iro synonyms. X. siNfsK.HKA. A. Ad. PI. 15. figs. 274, 276-278. Whitish, stained or filleted with red-brown ; ribs slightly granulated at the sutures, lips varicose, simmted at the lower part. Length, '5 inch. Philippines, Mauritius. The lip-sinus is not, probably, distinctive. G. and II. Nevill figure a variety cenrica (fig. 27<>) from Mauritius. N.fraudulenta, Ma rr. (fig. 277 :, from Philippines, and N. rribrn-ria, Ma IT. (fig. 27S ', habitat unknown, are. judging from figures and descrip- tions, at least very closely related. Siil>i£ inns Kiotha. 11. and A. Adams. The difference between this group and Aleclrion. is very slight, yet its retention will possibly facilitate the classification of the specie's ; it includes those shells having a reticulated or cancel- lated surface in consequence of the longitudinal and revolving sculpture being about equally prominent, whereas in Alecfrion either the whorls are smooth or the longitudinal ribs are much more prominent than the revolving stride. In both, the inner lip- callus is spread over the body-whorl, and the outer lip is with- out external varix. N. ALBESCENS, D unker. PI. 10, figs. 279-28o. White or yellowish, sometimes with faintly marked ash- colored 1 lands, which are chocolate-colored within the white aperture : first whorls usually dark ash-color. Length. 15-20 mill. Japan, Philippines* Polynesia^ Au&trali&j Mozambique, Andaman hlcx. The typical form of this species is easily recognized by its faint bands and dark apex; of this type is X. hu-olor, Hombr. et Jacq. (fig. 280). There is a gradual variation from this to the next species, so that it is difficult to decide where the one should end and the other commence ; among these varieties are A7. fenestrafa. Marr. (fig. 281). a somewhat more ovate form, the 52 MOTH A. mime proposed for N. IsabeHei. Reeve, not Orb.. A'. Keenii, Marr., which I figure from an author's specimen (lig. 282). A>. yemmuliffirn . A. Ad. (tig. 283). X. SPLEXDIDULA, D linker. PI. 16, iigs. 284-287. While, shining, sharply granose by the crossing of the longi- tudinal ribs by deeply incised lines; occasionally marbled with light chestnut, or spotted with the same next the suture ; suture deeply channeled. Length. -6-- 7 5 inch. Philippine*, Malicca, Polynesia. Very close to N. albescent, and perhaps only a variety of that species; the tubercles are more sharp-set , the revolving lines more distant and regularly spaced — not occasionally approxi- mating in pairs as in albescens. The synonyms are X. se»ri- •tranosa, Dkr. (fig. 285). N. ra-vida.* A. Ad. (tig. 286), and ,V. densigranqta, Reeve (tig. 287). N. nivoxa, Mai-rat, and X. rrixpata, Marrat, are unligured species compared by the author to this form. X. PAUPERATA, Lain. PI. 16, tigs. 288-291. Banded with chestnut on the periphery and at the base of the body-whorl, columella and lip-margin sometimes tinged with chestnut. Ribs becoming evanescent below the middle of the body-whorl, cut into tubercles by the revolving lines, a row of these tubercles below the suture, more prominent and separated from the rest by a sulcus. Length, -5-'75 inch. 8. Australia, Tanrn> A', hjrella. Beck (tig. 289), is a white or bleached specimen of this species, not in good condition, and I think that N. multi- granosa. Dunker (fig. 290). is the juvenile, and N.caperata, Phil, (fig. 271), a pigmy adult of the same species. X. SORDIDA, A. Ad. PI. 16, fig. 292. Yellowish, obscurely banded with light brown. Length, -65 inch. Philippine*. The suture is somewhat channeled, the ribs rather sharp, the revolving impressed lines rather faint. This, as well as the following species may be only varietal forms of N. albescent NIOTHA. • >;; X. CANDENS, Hinds. PI. 16, figs. 293, 294. Yellowish white, marbled or fasciate with chestnut ; a row of granules below the suture, and close, prickly granulations cover- ing the whorls, caused by the incised revolving lines. Length, *7-'9 inch. Marquesas M<*. X. CREMATA, Hinds. PI. IK, tigs. 295-300. The whorls are usually channeled below the sutures so as to separate a single row of nodules, and the close ribs arc crossed by closer revolving incised lines. The color is yellowish or whitish, banded or irregularly marbled with brown or ash color. Length, *75-l inch. Sts. "/ Malttci'a, Philippines^ Polynesia. The taller spire, beaded line beneath the suture, prominence of the longitudinal sculpture, etc., are the distinctive features of this species — which connects undoubtedly with N. albescent on the one hand, and with conrin.na on the other. Hinds' shell is not adult (fig. 295). and does not exhibit the usual appearance of the species so well as does N. Quoyi, Hombr. (fig. 296), or JV. frag urn, Hombr. (fig. 297). Var. MARGARITIFERA. Dunker. Figs. 298-300. The longitudinal ribs are narrower, sharp edged, the revolving sculpture coarse, obsolete in the middle of the body-whorl. Besides the brown or chocolate bands or blotches, the surface is numerously spotted ou the sides of the small tubercles with chestnut-brown. N. rr.nuata, Dunker (fig. 299^, N. costellifera A. Ad. (fig. 300), are synonyms. X. KTEXERT. Desh. PI. 16. figs. 301-303. Longitudinal ribs prominent, upper margin of each whorl tuberculated, incised revolving lines faint except towards the base, where they cut up the ribs into tubercles ; white with chocolate or chestnut superior and median bands ; surface some- what polished. Length, '75-1 inch. Singapore, Polynesia, Tale of Bourbon. The more prominent, less decussated longitudinal sculpture is the chief distinction from N. cremata. Hinds, the incised re- volving lines from N. mpnile, Kiener — which it most nearly 54 NIOTHA. resembles in its coloring and polished surface. That a series could be arranged to show the gradual transition from one to the other of these species, although arranged in different groups, cannot be doubted. The synonyms are N. margimdata, Reeve not Lam. (fig. 301), called .V. Kieneri by Deshayes, N. mar- garitifera, Reeve, not Dunker (fig. 302), and .V. Isabe llei, Reeve, not d'Orb. (fig. 303). N. LIVESCENS, Phil. PL 16, fig. 304. Yellowish, clouded with light chestnut. Length, -8-- 9 inch. India, Chinese Sea, Philippines. This species has the form of albescens, with the revolving sculpture of cremata and ribs of concinna. N. PUSIO, A. Ad. PL 16, fig. 305. Fulvous, variegated and spotted with brown. Length, -28 inch. Luzon, Philippines, in coarse sand, at six fathoms— Cuming. This shell is globosely oval, with fine ribs and rather incon- spicuous revolving striae. N. MULTICOSTATA, A. Ad. PI. 1 6, tig, 306. White, variegated with pale red; revolving striae obsolete. Length, '7 inch. Philippines, coarse sand, at four fathoms— Cuming. Proportionally longer, the ribs rather coarser, yet possibly an older example of N. pusio. N. VEKRUCOSA, A. Ad. PL 16, fig. 307. Yellowish, clouded with reddish brown. Length, 1 inch. Philipp'mes. The tubercles are larger and more decidedly warty than in the succeeding species, the sutural channel is deeper, the spire more conical : }ret it possibly is only an intermediate form, between xtigmaria and gemmulata. N. STIGMARIA, A. Ad. PL 16, tigs. 308-310. Whitish or yellowish, more or less clouded and marked with brown. Sculpture forming flat, somewhat square-shaped gran- ules, those forming a row around the deep (but not wide) suture, somewhat larger. Length, *75-l inch. Philippines, Malacca, Indian Ocean. TRITIA. f>f> With this I unite A. ,-rcm(ita, Reeve, not Hinds = N. qaad- Alarrat (iig. 309), and JV. rrtrrona, A. Ad., not J. Sowb. = A'. Adamsiana, Marrat (fig. 310). X. CuMiNim, A. Ad. PI. 17, fig. 311. Ovate, rather ventricose, solid, suture flatly channeled. White, stahied with faint chestnut-color. Length, 1 inch. China. Distinguished by the swollen character of the whorls — yet probably only an intermediate form between the last and next species. X. (JKMMULATA, Lam. PL 17, figs. 312-315. Yellowish white, stained and spotted with chestnut ; suture flatly channeled. Length, 1 inch. Philippines, Sts. of Sunda. N. clathrata, Lam., Encyc. Meth. (fig. 313), N. conoidalis, Desh. (fig. 315), and N. variegata, A. Ad. (fig. 314), are syn- onyms. Fubgenus Tritia, Ri.-s<>. Distinguished from Niotha by its narrow callus, }^et some of the last species in that group form a passage into this. Caesia, H. and A. Adams, lias no distinctive character, and must merge into Tritia as a synonym. Schizopyga, Conrad, founded on a miocene species (S. Calif ornira. PL 3, fig. 32), probably equiva- lent to A", pp.rpiiitpiix. Hinds, is also a synonym. * We*f Co]jinj>pi//e,,i, Ln,di. White, solid. Length. I inch. Philippine*. Very like N. rrfirulafa. Linn., of Europe. X. MUNIERIANA. Orosse. PL 17, tig. 331. White, with a scarcely appnrent pale brown revolving band. Length. 1 (> mill. So. Australia. X. SIGMATA, Danker. PL 17, figs. 327, 32S. Yellowish brown, with a pale central bnnd. Length, "4 inch. Africa. "Very like 'N. inrrnt^ntci, but without the external lip-vnrix. N. reyitlnris, Kiister (rig. 328), is probably the same. X. TURJJIXKA, Gould. V\. 17, ilg. 32i). Shell white. Length. •'.) inch. Afi 1 am not acuiuainted with this species. The precise locality is unknown. X. KOISSYI. Deshayes. PI. 17, tigs. 330. 33i>. Whitish, rntlier thin ; clathrate. Length. 15 mill. [•:.ixt Indie*. N. flonu'nulfi. Tapparone-Cflnefri (fig. 332). does not. appear to differ. X. PUMILIO, E. A. Smith. PL 17, fig. 333. Whitish corneous. Length. 3 '5 mill. WydnJt, W. Aj . Is this really distinct from the preceding species-' At uny rate the shell is so decidedly immature that it ought not to have been described. 58 TRITIA. X. KociiiANA. Dunkcr. PI. 17, fig. 334. Yellowish white, variegated with chestnut. Length, 3-4 mill. T tilde />V///, SV>. Afi'if.ti. Another immature and doubtful species. N. PLICATELLA, A. Afl. PL 17, fig. 335. Yellowish, stained with light brown or ash. Length, 1 inch. Wallwich Bay, So. Africa. ^ Very closely allied to the European .V. reJiculnta. * * '-• Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean SV^. N. CLATIIRATA, Born. PI. 17, figs. 33(5-339. Shell turreted, rather thin, suture flatly, narrowly channeled, whitish, irregularly yellow-banded in the middle; a deep sulous at the base of the body-whorl. Length. '9-1 '25 inch. Mediterranean Xea ; M(i.n. Fossil, from the miocene throughout Europe. Jeffreys * says : At .the recess of each tide this mollusk buries itself in the sand in a slanting position, its lurking-place * Brit. Conch., iv, 848. TRTTIA. -SO being betrayed by a little hillock. It also gets into lobster-pots for the sake of the bait. Bouchard-Chantereaux attributes to this ns well as t<> other whelks, the habit of picrcinir and devouring bi- valves. According to M. Lespe's. X. refici/lafo is preyed upon by a parasitic Trcmafode ( (Icrcarin ttari/ffahi) which infests its liver. IN spawn eases are deposited on the leaves of %i.n*lrnish ocieties for 1843 and 1844 ; and he has given us some amusing particulars of the fry. These behaved themselves like the fry of other gastropods, skipping about and whirling round by means of their ciliated lobes, apparently in a state of pleasura- ble excitement : but it seems that the exercise was compulsory, or necessary to prevent the attacks of a swarm of infusoria, which made short work of any tired or feeble infant AWx-/. Mr. Jeffreys has named X. nili]]fitfi , (Miemn (.figs. 84:-i-:ur. ;-. Jour. Liun. Soc.. xii, 107. 60 TLYANASSA. N. TRIVITTATA, Say. PL 18, fig. 346. White or yellowish white, sometimes faintly marked by three revolving light brown bands. Suture channeled, with usually a bead-like row of small tubercles below. it, and separated from the cancellated and tuberculated surface by a slight impressed line. Length, '7-*9 inch. Massachusetts to Florida. The animal is whitish, sparsely clotted with pale lilac ; foot slightly bifid behind with two erect subulate processes. Very active. Comes out of the sand towards low-water mark, in a minute or two after the water passes over them. On most specimens the bands on the shell are either obsolete or so faintly marked as to escape hurried observation. s IlyanaSSa, Stiiup.-on. The generic characters proposed by Stimpson include an operculum without serrated margin, arid the animal without posterior bifurcation. Although the operculum is usually crenated in Nasm, Mr. Marrat has enumerated a dozen species in which it has been observed to have plain margins, or nearly so ; and Dr. Von Martens states* that the European N. reticulatu- is found in the mud-flats of the Venetian lagunes with the oper- culum plain on one side and somewhat serrated on the other, and that the end of the foot is but slightly notched in these specimens instead of being deeply bifurcated. Under these cir- cumstances, it becomes very doubtful whether the group Tlyanassa ought to stand. I have concluded to retain it pro- visionally as a subgenus, especially as it may include several species conveniently separable from Tritia by having dark- colored shells. N. OBSOLETA, Say. PI. 18, figs. 347-349. Chocolate-brown or olive, with occasionally a faint, lighter colored central band ; deep chocolate within the aperture, with a central white band. Length, '75-1 inch. Massachusetts to Florida. - The animal is variously mottled with slate color, the tentacula are suddenly diminished above the eyes, and become bristle-like. * Zool. Record, ii. 244. TLYANASSA. W Its movements are very active, and it Collects in numbers about dead era bs and other marine animals, on which it feeds. Inhabits all our muddy shores, preferring situations not exposed to the surf of the open sea; such as inlets and extended tlats which are drained at low tide. It is found abundantly at the. con- fluence of fresh and salt water, where the taste is merely brackish. X<> shell of equal size is so abundant on the whole Atlantic shore. Specimens from Florida vary only in being smaller, more olivaceous, and by having a, thick, broad callus over the pillar. The younger shells are most likely to be col- lected, because the old ones become very much eroded and defaced, and a greenish mould-like plant vegetates abundantly upon them. Very few, therefore, of the shells usually collected, have the lines on the interior of the outer lip. Kiener's figure (fig. 348 , N. o/n-tefnrnifs, represents a young shell * The ova- capsules art1 laid during April and May, are of transparent corneous texture, singly attached to the inside surface of a valve of Jfriffra. or the inner face of the nidus of Natica ; they are deposited in vast numbers, completely covering the object to which they are attached and crowded together promiscuously (fig. 349).' N. MKLANIOIDES. Reeve. PI. 18, tig. 350. Smooth, thread-margined around the upper part, striated near the apex, last whorl grooved at the base. Thin, dark olive, interior purple-black. Length, '85 inch. If'U'cfon Bay, Australia. - Strange. Reeve remarks : This species, like S. obnolr.ta, has a charac- teristic fresh-water aspect like that of a Mflan-ia. I have not- seen it. N. NIGELLA. Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 851. Dark brown, without and within, lip with an exterior varix. Length, -4 inch. New Zealand. X. NITEA, Pease. PI 18, fig. 352. Dark chocolate; closely reticulated ; lip with exterior varix. Length, 12 mill. 'V2. f>2 NASSA. More pupaeform and apparently with much closer, finer sculp- ture than N. nigella, yet they may very possibly be identical. I do not hesitate to place these species in this group, although they possess an exterior lip-varix, since otherwise, the relation- ship is sufficiently apparent. Undetermined Species of Nassa. BUCCINUM FLORIDANUM, Lesson. Acapulco. " Is the South Sea representative of B. Cuvieri of authors." N. GEMMELLARI, Biondi, ? Mediterranean. Is exotic, and perhaps = N. trivittata, Say. N. TRTCARINATA, Lam. Hab. unknown. Not recognized by Kiener, Desh^es or subsequent authors. N. NISOTA, Potiez et Michaud. Senegal. N. OANCELLARTA, Potiez et Michaud. European Seas. . N. SEMINULUM, Tapp. Can. Papuan Isles. N". VITREA, Gray. Sierra L*one. N. ATTENUATA, Gray. Pacific Ocean. N. COSTULATA and IS". MARMORATA, Anton. Hab. unknown. N. FRIGENS, Yon Martens. W. Coast of Africa. Dredged at a depth exceeding 150 fathoms (precise depth not- mentioned) ; resembles N. trivittata, Say, somewhat, but more fragile. Owing to the depth of water it has the appearance of the Arctic mollusca. The species of Nassa are decidedly littoral in habit, so that this is an extraordinary exception, and raises the question whether the species is really a Nassa. N. NITIDULA and N. CANDIDISSIMA, C. B. Ad. Jamaica. N. GEMMULOSA, C. B. Ad. (Very young shell.) Panama. N. LIMN^FORMIS, N. HfiRRMANNSENI, N. HANLEYANA, X. RUFA, N. SCULPTA, N. DARWINI, N. FORBESII, Dunker ; all without locality. N. VARTANS, Dunker, Japan. N. VITREA, N. ACUTIMARGO ( China), N. AFRUM (Aden, Madagascar}, N. BICOLOR, N. BIRMANIOA (Burmah), N. CHINENSIS (Loo Choo Isles) , N. CORRUSCANS (Bali IsL), N. LIMICOLA ( China) , N. RTNGENS, X. PINGUIS (Bali Isl.), X. QUISQUILIARUM (China), N. SINARUM (China), N. L^TUM, all of Philippi. NA88A. 63 N. RKATA (LOO C/100 /*.), N. QUANTILA (»S7. ,$«'?» O«'x /*«//), X. KKPOSTA (Sydney. X. N. If. ?), N. PEDICULIXA (//<>/? f/ Kony), N. OI>TATA (,sy /,/{',/, X N. If.). X. SPURCA (67. ,SV//(o» V Say), X. PLT- CATELLA (British .Htirnwh), all of Gould. Most of tin* above fire from the collections of the North Pacific (U.S.) Exploring Expedition: they have not been figured, and the type specimens were destroyed in the great Chicago lire. Some of them might be identified with other described species, bnt it is better not to do so. I think, under the circu instances. N. NODICINCTA (GaJapafiox />-.), N. CORRUGATA (Eastern St'a*), N". AI-STRALIS (Australia), N. ORENTCOSTATA. N. srrrrLA, all of Arthur Adams. N. FUSCOLINKATA, E. A. Smith. Japan. N. (C^siA; SIMPLEX. E. A. Smith. Uruguay. The following forty "species'' are described (but not figured) by Mr. F. P. Marrat. who does not believe in species. I take them, with great pleasure, at his own valuation, for I cannot afford to expend iny time over diagnoses which should never have been written by a gentleman holding such opinions as Mr. Marrat does, as lo the instability of every specific character. Theoretically. Mr. MarratJ relegates all the Nassae to one specific form; practically, he describes such individuals of that form as he likes to name; and if every other collector should adopt his views and be equally industrious, we should eventually have every individual specimen of the genus bearing a distinct specific name: moreover each collector would possess the sole specimens of his own species. Xo locality is given with most of the descriptions. X. NODOSA (Malacca), X'. PICTURATA, N. ACUMINATA, N. LYR.E- FORMIS ! China ^ X. GRANULOSA, XT. LACTEA, XT. GRATA (Canton , X. C^ERULEA, N.TABESCEXS, N.CRASSICOSTATA ( Bombay >,N.LAUTA Malacca), X. QUINQUECOSTATA. X. HANLEYANA (Dunker has pre- occupied the name , X. PARVA, X. SINENSIS ' Chi .u Sna* . X. OBLOXGA. X. RUGOSA, X. S>IITHII. X". C'LARA, XT. HARPULARIA, X. ABYSSINICA (Abyssinia . X'. ROTUXDICOSTATA, XT. BELLA, X. ACU- TAXGULA, X. UNDATA. X. PR^ECALLOSA, X. MULTIL1NEATA (South America). X. VINCTA, X. PUR A ( W. Indies). X'. MINOR (Knbenda. 64 NERITULA. IV. Africa , X. KLON«JATA= X. ORIENS (China Sea* , X. LVCIDA (Keeling* Z*Z.), X. JvrrnopicA ( Kabenda, W. Africa . X. «IN- GENDA. The following species are mentioned by name only in Marrat's u Varieties of Xassa,'1 and I presume tliat they have not been described. X. XIVIFER, X. IXTKllSTIXOTA, X. C.'OKlU'i JATA. X. KKCKD1VA (' ds). In the " Varieties •• I find the following specific names attributed to other authors, but which do not appear to l.ave Ic-en described: X. Lixr.oi.ATA, Phil.: X. PUSIOLA, Bunker ( V KLA, AVatson (Arnboiiiii : X. AGAI»KTA. Watson i L<> LATA, Thorpe (China); X. BRYCIITA, AVatson (( . 020 fathoms); X. SPILUS, Watson (Bain /*/., T<>,T< N. BABY- LON ICA, Watson; X. BIBALTEATA, P< : X. R8A, Carp, (innnitrm. Cnrp.:x : X. GAMI.KA. ("lark; X. rox- FERTA, Martens. rit>ila the last whorl is depressed and extends over the penultimate whorl, nearly covering- and concealing th- lich equently appears very obtuse. The animal has a bifid tail, and operculum similar to Nawi. Risso's name- has ily us(Ml for this group. H. and A. gen; loma was originally placed next to Ni-ritiila. in t '' subsequently they removed it to the .Rotollin;' X. XKHJTKA. Linu. PI. 18, figs. .0,r>.°>-;j,y;. :->5t). Shell smooth and polished; fulvous minutely speckle*! with -iuut-bro\vn. with usually darker and larger ma. ing a sutural hand and another upon the periphery: the cal! flattened columella, yellowish stained with brown, is spread out in circular form covering the inferior surface to the periphery. Diam.. *o inch. The shell. JIMS very much the appearance of a Rot>>llti.f being transversely flattened into a disk-like form. X. //•' a synonym; 1 figure two examples of it to show the young and half-grown states of tne species (figs. 355. 356). UNIVERSITY UKSMOULEA. N. i-KLU <A, Risso. PI. 18, fig. 360. Hyaline, with opaque white spots and callus; frequently brown- spotted around the suture, and sometimes on the periphery. Plain., -25--35 inch. Mediterranean Sea. Weinkauff considers this var. minor of N. neritea, but the coloration is decidedly different as \vell as the size being smaller. X. KAMIESCHI, Chemn. PL 18, tigs. 357, 358. Brown, with a white sutural and peripheral band, callosity rosy-brown. Last whorl enveloping a portion of the spire, which only shows three minute whorls, and has a sharp point. Black Sea. nus DESMOULEA, Gray. Desmoulea is remarkable for its obtuse apex and solid growth, much resembling some species of Cassididse; when in fine con- dition, the shell is clothed with a velvety epidermis, but most cabinet specimens are denuded of this. The animal is unfortu- nately unknown, and therefore the systematic position of the genus remains somewhat uncertain — for, whilst some species connect closely with Nassa, the revolving sculpture, globose form, sunken suture and mouth of others are suggestive of Semicassis. D. ABBREVIATA, Gmelin. PL 18, fig. 361. Yellowish white, With chestnut-colored spots and strigations. Lengt-ti, 1-1*5 inches. Cape of Good Hope. Differs from all the other species in its distant incised revolv- ing lines. D. PINGUIS, A. Adams. PL 18, figs. 302-364. Yellowish and white, variegated, with alternate white and yellowish brown irregular spots around the suture; revolving sculpture close and fine raised lines. Length, 1 inch. Senegal, Japan. The latter locality is assigned for D. crass*, A. Ad. (fig. 364), which Reeve changed to Nassa ponderosa,tkQ former name being preoccupied in Nassa. D. pulchra, Gray, the type of his genus is GG TURBINELLID^E. very probably this species, but has never been figured, and remains unidentified. D. RETUSA, Lam. PI. 18, figs. 365-367. Marbled with chestnut and white, or blush-pink, sometimes obscurely banded with spots around the suture and on the periphery. Length, 1 inch. Liberia. D. Tryoni, Crosse (fig. 361), is described from a remarkably thickened specimen, with a copious callous deposit on the colu- mella, but it does not afford any varietal characters. D. JAPONICA, A. Adams. PL 18, fig. 368. • Light fulvous, ornamented with brown longitudinal flames and spots variegated with white, especially around the suture. Length, 1 inch. Japcwi. The pertinence of this species, as well as of those which follow, to the group, is somewhat doubtful, as they have the form of Nassa, including its pyramidal spire. D. PYRAMIDALIS, A. Adams. PL 18, fig. 369. Yellowish brown, apex violet-tinged. Length, '85 inch. Port Elizabeth, 80. Africa — Marrat. D. RINGENS, A. Adams. PL 18, fig. 370. Brownish orange. Length, •*! inch. Habitat unknown. A singular species which unites the sculpture of Nassa with the mouth of Desmoulea — the latter even exaggerated in its characters. Family TURBINELLID^E. This group includes a few ponderous tropical species, allied in the characters of the mouth, and in general form and orna- mentation to the Peristerniinse (see vol. iii, p. T9), on the one hand, whilst in size they approach the Volutidse. The plications on the middle of the pillar are rather distant, narrow, high, and transverse, whilst in Fasciolariinse they are situated lower, are not so prominent, and oblique in direction. The epidermis is frequently persistent. TURBINELLA. 6t The animal (of Vatu-m) is -slow-moving, timid and inactive, shrinking quickly within the shell on the slightest alarm. The operculum is ovate, acute, with an apical nucleus; it is very thick, claw-like, and partially free at the hind part. The denti- tion resembles somewhat that of the Buccinidse, differing in the lateral teeth; it differs widely from the Nassidse, and quite as much from that of the Fasciolariinae or Peristerniinae. Synopsis of Genera. Genus TURBINELLA.. Lam. Thick, obconic, smooth, last whorl large ; spire obtuse, apex papillary ; aperture oblong, narrow ; canal lon Y. VOLVA, Gmelin. PL 28, fig. 90. Whitish, with three faint yellowish bands, upon which are a few longitudinal, pale orange strigations ; yellowish brown or coffee-colored within. Length, 3 inches. W. Australia; abundant. Certainly very close to V. Turneri. The species was rede- scribed by Gray as F. pallida, but he subsequently united it with V. Turneri. The patterns of coloration of the two species are different, and I find no connecting links. Y. MACULATA, Swains. PL 25, fig. 59. Obconic, marked with chocolate spots forming two interrupted bands on an orange surface ; aperture orange within. Length, 2'25 inches. East Australia. The coloring is more vivid than in F. volva, and the spire is shorter, but the species may be only a variety of that shell, to which it bears the same relation that F. zebra does to F. Turneri. Y. ZEBRA, Leach. PL 28, fig. 91. White or yellowish, with close-set, narrow somewhat waved longitudinal chestnut streaks ; very pale yellow or pink within the aperture. Length, r5-l.»<- J«.O/ CANCILLA. 139 M. TATHN^, Jickeli. PL 40, fig. 178. Whitish or yellowish white. Length, 18-20 mill. Red Sea. I do not know the species ; two specimens were collected. -M. SULCATA, Swainson. PI. 40, figs. 171, 177, 182-184. Brownish white or light brown, under a chestnut or chocolate epidermis. Length, 1-3-25 inches. W. Coast of Central America. I unite under this, the oldest name, several species agreeing with it in color and sculpture but varying somewhat in form and considerably in size ; the}^ are all inhabitants of the same region. The largest of these is M. gigantea, Swn. (fig. 177), then come in order of size, M. Hindsii, Reeve (fig. 182), M. attenuata, Swn. (fig. 184), M.funiculata, Reeve (fig. 183). M. LINEATA, Swains., PL 40, fig. 172. Whitish, longitudinal!}* stained with chestnut, ridges chestnut. Length, 1 inch. W. Coast of Central America. Stouter, with a more acute shoulder than the last species, and differently colored ; yet I suspect that it is only a variety of it. M. BELCHERI, Hinds. PL 40, fig. 179. Whitish, under a dark chocolate epidermis ; sculpture con- sisting of flat, broad ribs and narrow, deeply cut intervening grooves. Length, 4-5 inches. W. Coast of Central America ; in mud, at 17 fathoms. —Hinds. M. ^GRA, Reeve. PL 40, fig. 181. Whitish, clouded with yellowish brown; ridges smooth and close, interstices punctured. Length, 1*7 inches. Habitat unknown. M. PIA, Dohrn. PL 41, fig. 189 ; PL 40, fig. 173. Yellowish white. Length, 2'25 inches. Australia. The locality is somewhat doubtful. M. multilirata, A. Ad. (fig. 173), said to be from the China Sea, may possibly be a juvenile example of it. M. CARNICOLOR, Reeve. PL 40, fig. 185 ; PL 41, figs. 186, 187. Whitish to yellowish brown, light pink or white within the 140 CANCILLA. aperture; slightly shouldered, ridges close, with longitudinal striae. Length, 1-1*25 inches. Philippines. Approaches too closely to the stouter varieties of M. filaris, L., in form and sculpture. M. incarnata, Reeve (fig. 186), and M. pura, A. Ad (fig. 187), are synonyms. M. STRAMINEA, A. Ad. PL 41, fig. 188. Thin, light yellowish white. Length, -9 inch. Habitat unknown. M. FLAMMEA, Quoy. PL 41, figs. 190-193, 195-197, 199, 200. White, stained and maculated with orange-brown ; sometimes smaller ridges are developed between the principal ones ; longi- tudinal striae close, distinct. Length, 1-1*25 inches. China, Philippines) Australia, Polynesia, Sandwich Islands. This is not the M. flammea figured by Reeve, = Philippina- rum. The principal synonyms are M. flammigera, Reeve (fig. 191), M. interlirata, Reeve (fig. 192), M. tornata, Reeve (fig. 196), M. avenacea, Reeve (fig. 193), M. rufilirata, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 197), M. Novae-Hollandise, Sowb. (fig. 199), M. hystrix, Montr, (fig. 200). M. ROBOREA, Reeve. PL 41, fig. 201. Pyramidal, brown, corded throughout with narrow white ridges, columella two-plaited, plaits somewhat indistinct. Length, '75 inch. Habitat unknown. Judging from the figure, this little shell is a Latiru* rather than Mitra. M. DUPLILIRATA, Reeve. PL 41, fig. 202. Whitish, longitudinally flamed with reddish brown ; revolving- ribs duplicate. Length, 1-15 inches. Habitat unknown. M. ANNTJLATA, Reeve. PL 41, figs. 203, 205-209. Yellowish white, spotted, or clouded with chestnut or choco- late. Revolving ridges sharp ; with sometimes intermediate lirse, and longitudinal striae in the interstices, sometimes smooth. Length, '75-1 inch. Red Sea, Ceylon, Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesia. CANCILLA. 141 It has a shorter spire than M.flammea, Quoy. The synonyms include M. nitens, Kiener (not of Risso or Blainv.), M. insculpta, A. Ad. (fig. 205), M. amcena, A. Ad. (fig. 206), M. Fischeri, Souverb. (fig. 201). The latter is nnsculptured between the ridges : I have specimens which are plain between some of the ridges and well sculptured between others. Equivalent forms are M. rosacea, Reeve (fig. 208), and M. acuta, Sowb. (fig. 209). M. rufesceiiSjA. Ad., an unfigured species, is probably synonymous with annulata. M. ACUTILIRATA, Sowb. PI. 41, fig. 204. Tnle rose, encircled with angular ridges, painted on the angles with interrupted red-brown lines, longitudinally striated between [the ridges. Length, 1'4 inches. Habitat unknown. M. PHILIPPINARUM, A. Ad. PI. 41, figs. 210, 211. Whorls encircled with rounded ridges, and usually narrow sulci between them ; light olive or yellowish white, with irregular chestnut or chocolate markings. Length, 1-1-2 inches. Andaman Is., Philippines, Polynesia. This species was first figured by Reeve, in mistake for M. flammea, Quoy. Sowerby also seems to have mistaken it, his Philippinarum being an entirely different species ; in consequence of this error he has re-described and figured it as M. semiconica (fig. 211). M. STRIGILLATA, Sowb. PI. 41, fig. 212. Whitish, longitudinally flamed with brown. Length, '9 inch. Habitat unknown. I am not acquainted with this species ; it seems to be very like M. Philippinarum, Ads. M. BACILLUM, Lam. PI. 41, fig. 213 ; PI. 58, fig. 692. * Grooved towards the base; brown, with longitudinal, white, waved streaks. Length, *9 inch. Malacca, Australia. There is some confusion regarding this species. The figure given by Deshaj'es does not correspond well with that in Reeve's Iconica. Mr. Sowerby makes bacillum. Reeve, not Lam. = his M. strigillata ; but then he figures a shell similar to Reeve's 142 CANCILLA. illustration for bacillum. Deshayes' figure appears to me to be very like M. Philippinarum, A. Ad. M. PRUINOSA, Reeve. PL 41, fig. 215. Pale brown, with short, narrow snow-like streaks, rather irreg- ularly descending or striking out from the sutures ; decussately engraved with longitudinal and transverse impressed lines. Length, '9 inch. Habitat unknown. A doubtful species. M. FULGETRUM, Reeve. PL 41, figs. 216, 21?, 198. Transversely impressedly grooved, grooves narrow, very finely punctured ; reddish chestnut, with conspicuous waved longitudinal white streaks. Length, 1 inch. Isl. of Burias, Philippines ; under stones at low water ; New Caledonia. Yar. BOISSACI, Montrouzier (fig. 21*7). Has the same sculpture, and differs only in presenting a series of quadrangular chestnut spots, appearing like interrupted longi- tudinal bands : they are the bands of fulgetrum, in fact, but interrupted by the impressed striae. M. Cyri, Dohrn (fig. 198), is the same as M. Boissaci. M. HANETI, Petit. PL 41, fig. 194. Light yellowish. Length, 23 mill. Hab. unknown (supposed to be not far from Mazatlan, W. Coast of Mexico}. M, MALLETI, Petit. PL 42, fig. 218. Light chestnut or olive-brown ; longitudinally striated between the angular revolving costae. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Possibly only a well-grown, fresh specimen of M. Haneti. M. CARINATA, Swainson. PL 42, figs. 219-223, 241. Yellowish, olive or chestnut-brown; shoulder of whorls ob- tusely or sharply angulated or carinated ; with distant impressed revolving striae, sometimes covering a portion only of the body- whorl, sometimes altogether obsolete. Length, 1—1*5 inches. Cape Verd Isles ; Sierra Leone, W. Coast of Africa. M. Senegalensis, Reeve (fig. 221), appears to be a rude, dis- CHRYSAME. 143 torted growth of this species, and M. Gambiana, Dohrn (fig. 222), a non-shouldered and perhaps the normal form. I figure from Sowerby's Thesaurus (fig. 223), a shell called M. Gambiana, but which is decidedly of the carinata type. M. astyagis, Dohrn (fig. 241), is probably a color variety only. M. TELESCOPIUM, Reeve. PI. 42, fig. 225. Whorls rudely shouldered, with impressed, punctured revolv- ing striae, often partially obsolete ; chestnut-brown, with a superior white band, above which the color is lighter. Length, '75-1 inch. Isle of Ticao, Philippines. Very similar to the preceding species in form, but differing in coloration, etc. It appears to be a monstrosity, yet four speci- mens before me all agree closely with the heretofore published figures. M. M^STA, Reeve. PL 42, fig. 226. With revolving impressed striae, yellowish brown to chestnut. Length, '85 inch. Isle of Corrigidor, Philippines; in coral sand at ten fathoms — Cuming ; Andaman Islands — E. A. Smith. This also appears to be a distorted shell : I am not acquainted with it. M. CINGULATA, A. Ad. Habitat unknown. M. SPIRIPUNCTA, Garrett. Viti Islands. Both unfigured species, apparently belonging to this section. Section Chrysame, H. and A. Adams. Shell ovate, spire and aperture usually about equal in length; whorls encircled by rounded ribs ; inner lip with a few strong transverse plaits ; outer lip with the margin crenate. M. CUCUMERINA, Lam. PL 42, figs. 227-229. Orange-red, with an interrupted band of white spots, and occa- sional white strigations. Length, '75-1*25 inches. Polynesia, on reefs. Garrett remarks that Paumotus examples, which are much larger than obtained elsewhere, are sometimes nearly pure white. The animal is whitish with creamy yellow dots, Mr. Pease 144 CHRYSAME. mentions a uniform dark red variety of the shell as occurring; at Ralick Island. ^M.fraga, Quoy (fig. 229), may be the young of this variet}^ ; it can scarcely be synonymous with M. peregra. Reeve, as supposed by Sowerby. M. ADAMSONI, Gray. PL 42, figs. 230, 231, 240. Longitudinally granulosely plicated, crossed by revolving impressed striae. White or yellowish white, clouded with large reddish brown or orange-red blotches ; a narrow superior white band ; aperture brownish red, lip and columella deeper. Length, 1-1*4 inches. Philippines ; Mauritius. Yery close to M. cucumerina, and may be only a variety of that species in which the occasional longitudinal folds become regular and rib-like. M. Antoni, Kiister (fig. 231), described without locality, from an immature shell, appears to be closely related, if not identical ; in the latter case it would have priority. M. TORNATELLOIDES, Reeve. -PI. 42, fig. 232. / Shell encircled by somewhat indistinctly punctured grooves ; chestnut or reddish brown, with a white zone and longitudinal waved streaks. Length, -5 inch. Philippine Islands. Evidentty an immature shell ; perhaps a young cucumerina. M. CHRYSALIS, Reeve. PL 42, fig. 233. Yellowish brown, with an interrupted band of white. - Length, -G--85 inch. Polynesia ; Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Yery closely allied to cucumerina, but differs in its smaller size, more compressed form and lighter color. M. TURGIDA, Reeve. PL 42, figs. 234, 235. Uniform pale luteous. Length, -65-1 inch. Philippines; Polynesia. ^ J/. indentata, Sowb. (fig. 235), is the usual form and size of this species, Reeve's type being a specimen of extraordinary size. M. PEREGRA, Reeve. PL 42, figs. 236-238, 224. Dark red, revolving ridges tuberculate, tubercles white. Length, -f5-l inch. Philippines; Polynesia. CHRYSAME. 145 Sowerby considers this species as well as M. nucleola, Lam., identical with M. fraga, Qnoy. The latter is apparently the young of M. cucumerina ; the former is more like this shell in form but has not its markings, and the sculpture appears to be different. M. porcata, Humph, (fig. 237), appears to be a synonym, and M. miniata, Anton (fig. 238), as figured by Kiister can scarcely be different. M. spadicea, Dunker (fig. 224), is placed in the S}monymy by Garrett ; it is darker and smaller than the type, but usually spotted with white on the tubercles, although not so represented in the figure, copied from Sowerby. It may be considered a variety. ^* M. GRACILIOR, Carpenter. PI. 42, fig. 239. Red-brown, with sharp revolving lines, decussated at the upper part of the whorls -by longitudinal riblets ; plications of the columella inconspicuous. H., -2 inch. San Diego, Gal, on kelp-roots in deep water. Dr. P. P. Carpenter named but did not describe this minute species ; he. referred it to Mitromorpha, a group belonging to the family Pleurotomidse. Mr. Henry Hemphill, of San Diego, Cal., collected the original lot and it is from one of these that the figure is drawn. It is one of several similarly sculptured minute species occurring on the California coast. I figure it here to call attention to the group, as they may be Mitrids, although most probably Pleurotomae. M. NUCLEOLA, Lam. PL 3^, figs. 145-147. Dark red ; the revolving ribs decussated by longitudinal sculp- ture. Length, 1 inch. Indian Ocean ? Java ? As already mentioned, Sowerby makes this species equivalent to M. fraga, Quoy, and M. peregra, Reeve : from the former it differs in form, from the latter in color and sculpture. Reeve's figure of it is so different from that in Kiener, that I doubt if it belongs to the same species. That Kiener's figure is not a good one^is self-evident ; still it is the only authentic illustration, and I have therefore copied it. 146 CHRYSAME. M. TURBEN, Reeve. PL 42, fig. 242. Closely and finely longitudinally ribbed, crossed by revolving impressed striae. Orange-yellow. Height, *t5 inch. Philippine Islands. All the specimens collected by Mr. Guming had the lower part of the outer lip absorbed or worn away, as in the figure. M. TABANULA, Lam. PI. 42, figs. 243-247. Reddish chestnut to chocolate-color ; whorls encircled by ele- vated keel-like ridges, varying in number, so that sometimes the interstices are as wide as the ridges, on other specimens merely narrow deeply engraved lines. Length, '5-* 6 6 inch. Andaman Isles ; Philippines ; Polynesia. I unite with this species several others, the types of which show some differences, but the series of specimens before me clearly indicates their indentity. Fig. 243 is the typical taba- nula: to which I add M. pediculus, Lam. (fig. 244) ; M. minor, Sowb. (fig. 245), and M. rotundilirata, Reeve (fig. 246). M. Caledonica, Petit (fig. 24f ), can scarcely be distinguished from the short form of tabanula, such as M. pediculus, Lam. M. HANLEYI, Sowb. PL 43, fig. 248. Yellowish white, Length, '5-*t inch. China Seas. M. SOLANDRI, Reeve. PL 43, figs. 249-251. Light chestnut to chocolate. Length, 1-1 -3 inches. Red Sea. Reeve's original specimen was probably worn and faded. The relative width of ridges and grooves appears to vary as in M. tabanula ; in the type (fig. 249), the former are narrower than the latter, whilst in Mr. Sowerby's specimen (fig. 250), they are more nearly equal ; a dark shell of this stage is M. Ruppellii, Reeve (fig. 251) ; finally well-grown specimens have broad, some- what flattened ribs = M. planilirata, Reeve. M. VEXILLUM, Reeve. PL 43, figs. 253, 254. Bright reddish orange, the incised lines which separate the rounded, slightly raised revolving ribs, are darker— -sometimes chestnut-colored. Sometimes the ribs are obsolete, when the grooves are scarcely marked, except by the persistent color. Length, 1-1-2 inches. Philippines. CHRYSAME. 147 Closely allied to the preceding species. M. crassicostata , Sowb. (fig. 254), is evidently the same. M. AURANTIA, Gmelin. PI. 43, figs. 255-258. Orange to chestnut or light chocolate color, upper part of whorl encircled by a white band. Length, 1-1*5 inches. Mauritius, Philippines, New Zealand, Polynesia. M. nanus, Reeve (fig. 257), is a small variety or stunted growth, with the revolving ribs usually finer. M. Michelinii, Guerin (fig. 258), is a probable synonym; Sowerby's figure of it is, however, a M. limbifera. M. PROSCISSA, Reeve. PI. 43, figs. 259-262. Whitish or yellowish, longitudinally stained with orange- brown, sometimes obscurely white-banded in the middle ; inter- stices of the revolving ribs cancellate. Length, 1'25-1'5 inches. Mauritius, New Caledonia. M. rubiginea, A. Ad. (fig. 260), M. carinilirata, Souv. (fig. 261), and probably M. consolidata, Sowb. (fig. 262), are syno- nyms— the latter is described from a single specimen, without locality. M. ORASSA, Swainsoii. PL 43, figs. 263-265 ; PL 44, figs. 270, 272. Chestnut or chocolate color, usually white-banded above ; whorls faintly striate throughout, striae developing into ribs towards the base. Length, '8-1-25 inches. Philippines, on reefs, at low water, Polynesia. It is easy to connect M. Ticaonica, Reeve (figs. 264, 265,270), with this species, and I fear that it is allied too closely with aurantia, as well as with other species of the group. Material collected especially to show the extent of variation of a species rarely comes into the hands of the conchologist, the collector usually working with the desire to secure as many species as possible. M.jcoeligena, Reeve (fig. 272), is probably a synonym of crassa, the only difference being the possession of occasional white spots, promiscuously scattered over the surface. M. AMBIGUA, Swainson. PL 43, figs. 266, 267, 268. Orange-brown, indistinctly white-banded above ; the incised .revolving lines are punctate. Length, l'5-2'5 inches. Philippines, Viti Isles ; under coral and stones, at low water. 148 CHRYSAME. Var. FULVA, Swainson. Fig. 267. Chestnut- or chocolate-brown, with usually an irregular faint superior band ; whorls encircled by punctured, engraved lines, sometimes with scattered white dots. Length, l'75-2'5 inches. Polynesia. The animal, according to Garrett, is chestnut-brown, the creeping disk white, siphon pale brown, ocular region and tips of the tentacles white. M. fulva appears to connect with M. ambigua in such a man- ner as to have justified Kiener in considering it a S3rnonym. In deference to conchological opinion, I separate it as a variety, the typical examples being somewhat different in form from M. ambigua. M. attenuata, Reeve (fig. 268), is synonymous. M. ADUSTA, Lam. PL 43, fig. 269 ; PL 44, fig. 276. Variegated with chestnut- or chocolate-brown and yellowish, disposed in longitudinal flames, or nearly uniform brown, lighter on the periphery; upper part of the whorls compressed, making a sharp, crenulated ridge next the sutures ; the impressed revolving lines are rarely punctate. Polynesia, under coral, at low water. A species which might almost as well be placed with the typi- cal Mitrse as here ; analogies of coloration 'and the succession of intermediate forms connecting it with the typical Chryxame, induce me to prefer for it the present position. M. TAHITENSIS, Garrett. An unfigured species, evidently allied to M. adusta, of which a single specimen, 37 mill, long, was found at Tahiti, Society Islands. M. FULVESCENS, Swainson. PL 44, fig. 271. Pale 3^ellowish brown ; whorls encircled with punctured incised lines. Length, 1-25 inches. Isle of Annaa, on the reefs. M. striata, Gray, is doubtfully referred here by Reeve,, but evidently belongs to the genus or group Strigatella. -j M. CORONATA, Lam. PL 44, figs. 273-275, 277, 281-283 ; PL 58, fig. 687. Orange-brown to chocolate, dotted occasionally with white, CHRYSAME. 149 suture crenulations white-tipped, and white spots, sometimes confluent into an irregular band, below the sutures ; revolving incised lines strongly punctate, sometimes obsolete on the middle of the body whorl. Length, 1 '25-1*75 inches. Red Sea ; Philippines to Sandwich Isles ; Mauritius. M. aurora, Dohrn (tig. 277) is, I think, a synonym, although Mr. Garrett considers it distinct ; it is a beautifully bright- colored form from Polynesia. M. tiarella, A. Ad. (fig. 275), is only a small form of M. coronata, and M. assimilis, Pease (fig. 281), is a young shell. Pease mentions the want of crenations at the sutures as the principal distinction from M. coronata, but the specimen sent to me by Mr. Pease shows these sutural nodes, and they are minutely white-tipped ; although small, they ought not to have escaped his scrutiny. M. marginata, Sowb. (fig. 282), described from a single specimen, without locality, is probably also a young coronata. M. floridula, Sowb. (fig. 283), from Mauritius, has the engraved striae deeper, the punctations wider than in the type form ; the consequence is that the inter- mediate spaces appear more like revolving, broad ribs. I cannot agree with Sowerby that these differences are specific. M. DIGITALIS, (Chemn.) Dillw. PI. 44, fig. 278. Yellowish, clouded with yellowish brown, sutural nodes white- tipped, surface irregularly spotted with white, larger spots, some- times forming a more or less interrupted central band ; incised striae deeply punctate. Length, 1-5-2' 25 inches. Philippines, Polynesia. M, LUGUBRIS, Swainson. PI. 44, figs. 284-287. Reddish chestnut to chocolate color, white beneath the sirtures, and sometimes at base ; encircled by impressed, punctured striae crossed by close, rough growth-lines ; sutures crenulated. Length, -8-1 '4 inches. Polynesia. Mr. Garrett thinks M. lacunosa, Reeve (PI. 33, fig. 13), identical, but I can scarcely agree to this, as it appears to be totally dissimilar — in fact to belong to a different group (p. 113). M. albofasciata, Sowb. (fig. 286) said, perhaps erroneously, to come from So. Africa, appears to be a narrow, somewhat smoother form of lugubris. M. coriacea, Reeve (fig. 287) is probably a young lugubris. 150 CHRYSAME. M. PICEA, Pease. PL 58, fig. 685 ; PL 44, fig. 288. Decussated by longitudinal ribs and revolving striae ; chestnut- brown with a superior narrow white band. Length, 7-9 mill. Paumotus, Sandwich Islands. Sowerby figures a shell (fig. 288), under the same name, but without author, which may be a dark, unbanded specimen of this species ; if distinct, it must receive a new name. M. UZIELLIANA, Crosse. PL 44, fig. 289. Uniform yellowish brown ; cancellated. Length, 1 inch. f Tahiti. Sowerby thinks this may be synonymous with M. lugubris, but it seems to have characters of sculpture and color which should distinguish it — at least until better known to con- chologists. M. FERRUGINEA, Lam. PL 44, figs. 279, 280, 290. Yellowish or whitish, longitudinally stained with chestnut- brown, the markings interrupted so as to show a light band on the periphery. Length, 1*5-2-25 inches. Philippines ; Polynesia, coral reefs ; Mauritius. The animal is cinereous or pale luteous and slightly varied with reddish brown. M. rubritincta, Reeve (fig. 280), is a short, stout form, connecting with ferrugwea, by a series of transi- tional forms. M. clara, Sowb. (fig. 290), an immature specimen, with a slight shoulder, appears to be merely a slender variety. M. PUDICA, Pease. PL 44, figs. 291, 292. With revolving ridges and longitudinal striae ; whitish or yellowish, variegated with smoky brown. Length, '7-- 9 inch. Sandwich Island*. With this I unite M. nuxavellana, Dohrn, an unfigured species which its author concedes to be a synonym ; also M. subrostrata, Sowb. (fig. 292 \ These are all immature shells, and are evidently related to M. ferruginea. M. CANDIDA, Reeve. PL 44, figs. 293, 294. Whitish to chestnut, closely ridged, finely longitudinally striated between the ridges. Length, -8 inch. La Guayra, So. America. CHRYSAME. 151 Possibly identical with the next species. The locality needs confirmation. M. CRENATA, Swainson. PL 44, fig. 295. Yellowish brown, encircled throughout with rather distant, slightly elevated lines. Length, '75 inch. Bdy of Xipixapf, W. Columbia ; sandy mud at six fathoms. M. LIENARDI, Souverb. PI. 44, fig. 296. Whitish, longitudinally flamed with light chestnut. Length, '8 inch. New Caledonia. A much narrower shell than those which precede it. M. WILLIAMSI, Newcomb. PL 44, fig. 297. Whitish, with longitudinal orange flammules ; finely longitu- dinally striate between the revolving ribs. Length, '6 inch. ? Philippine Islands. Described from a unique specimen. M. LUCTUOSA, A. Ad. PL 44, fig. 298. Brownish, with a white band near the suture ; whorls flattened, with revolving lirse, the interstices clathrately punctate. China Seas. An obscure species, collected by the Samarang expedition many years ago. M. RUTILA, A. Ad. PL 44, fig. 299. Orange-red, sparsely maculated with white, a white band, spotted with orange next the suture. Length, 1*5 inches. Habitat unknown. M. PELLIS-SERPENTIS, Reeve. PL 44, fig. 300 ; PL 45, figs. SOS- SOT, 314; PL 58, fig. 690. Yellowish brown ; surface decussated by longitudinal and revolving ribs. Length, *9-l'25 inches. Philippines Mauritius, Polynesia. Specimens in which the revolving ribs are most prominent, but cut into obtuse granules by the rugose growth-lines, have been called M. granata, Reeve (^fig. 690). M. brumalis, Reeve (fig. 314), and M. microstoma, Sowb. (fig. 303), are narrow forms, with 152 CHRYSAME. the typical sculpture— a white variety of these has been distrib- uted by the late Mr. Pease as a new species, M. reticulata (fig. 304) = M. cretacea, Sowb. (fig. 306). Mr. Reeve has called a slightly shouldered specimen M. suturata (fig. 305), and M. Recluz has figured and described a faded specimen as M. Grelloisi (fig. 307). M. NASSOIDES, Sowb. PI. 45, fig. 308. Shell yellowish white, reticulately sculptured. Length, 1*5 inches. Mauritius. A stouter shell than the typical M. pellis-serpentis ; yet it may be only a well-grown state of that species. M. SEROTINA, A. Ad. PL 45, fig. 309. Yellowish, with two obscure darker bands ; surface reticulated. Length, '9 inch. Marquesas (Adams) ; Mauritius (Sowerby). M. DEALBATA, A. Ad. PI. 45, fig. 311. White ; whorls planulate, distantly sulcate spiralty, sulci evanescent in the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 1-2 inches. Habitat unknown. M. SEMIFERRUGINEA, Jonas. PI. 45, fig. 310. Whorls encircled by narrow, granulated ridges, interstices punctured ; yellowish, upper part of body with longitudinal chestnut flames. Length, '8 inch. Habitat unknown. Described thirty-five years ago from a single immature speci- men in the Royal Cabinet at Copenhagen ; it remains uncon- firmed by additional specimens. Unfigured Species. M. CINGULATA, Phil. (Related to M. peregra, Rve.) Hob. unknown. M. P^TELI, Dohrn (Related to M. nanus, Reeve.) N. Africa? M. PROPINQUA, Garrett. Society Islands. M. PUSTLLA, King. Habitat unknown. STRTGATELLA. 1 53 Section Striga'ella, Swainson. This group is very generally recognized as a distinct genus, but it will be better to regard it simply as a section of Mitra ; indeed no sharp line separates it from many of the species ranged under the preceding section ; the principal distinctive characters being a more decidedly columbelliform appearance, a smooth surface, single color or with brown longitudinal flames and maculations. Of the two subgenera heretofore assigned here, the first, Mitreola, contains those species which connect the typical form with the last section of Mitra; the second, Zier liana, includes a number of species having a peculiar character of the aperture, and readily distinguishable from the other groups. Moreover the species of Strigatella, so-called, which possess the dentition differing so widely from Mitra, belong to this group Zierliana, which may therefore well be separated as a subgenus. Of the group Strigatella as thus restricted, the dentition remains unknown. M. ACUMINATA, Swainson. PL 45, fig. 312. Yellowish, sometimes with a lighter band in the middle, frequently invested with a slight epidermis. Length, 1 inch. Philippines ; Polynesia. M. COARCTATA, Swainson. PL 45, fig. 313. Yellowish, longitudinally clouded with chestnut. Length, -9 inch. Isle of Annaa. Only distinguishable by its painting from M. acuminata. It is very likely a variety. M. BRUNNEA, Pease. PL 45, fig. 301. Yellowish brown, spire rather obtuse. Length, '75-1 '10 inches. Polynesia. The animal is milk-white. M. NIGRICANS, Pease. An unfigured species, blackish with a light band, and lead- colored aperture. Length, 20 mill. Polynesia. This species has not been identified by Mr. Garrett. 20 154 STRIGATELLA. 1 M. ASTRICTA, Reeve. PI. 45, figs. 315-318. Whitish, under a light olive, smooth epidermis, or yellowish obsoletely banded with brown, sometimes sparingly strigate. Length, 1-1-5 inches. Sandwich Islands. ^ M. Samuelis, Dohrn (fig. 31*7), is identical. M. AURICULOIDES, Reeve. PI. 45, fig. 319. Chocolate-brown, with a whitish band on the upper part of the body-whorl, and sometimes white-dotted. The whole surface is encircled with fine punctated, incised lines, which are some- times obsolete on the middle of the body. Length, '8-1*1 inches. Polynesia. M. FASTIGIUM, Reeve. PI. 45, fig. 320. Light yellowish brown, faintly banded. Length, -15 inch. Habitat unknown. Possibly a variety or faded example of M. auric uloides. I am not aware of the existence of any specimens besides the type. M. MOLLERI, Kiister. PI. 45, fig. 321. Whitish, longitudinally flamed with chestnut. Length, '66 inch. Habitat unknown. An immature shell, described from a cabinet specimen at Gotha ; I shall not attempt its identification. j M. LIMBIFERA, Lam. PI. 45, figs. 322-32G. Chestnut- or chocolate-brown, usually with white or yellowish patches on the upper part of the body-whorl, forming a more or less continuous band; frequently with scattered light spots else- where ; aperture columbelliform. Length 1-1-6 inches. Philippines, Polynesia. The shells are usually covered by a thin olive-yellow epidermis. The animal is rich chestnut-brown with a diluted-white creeping- disk. Head slightly varied with white. The peculiar character of the outer lip of the shell increases in importance with age ; -J M. CfilumbellseformiH, Kiener (figs. 323, 324), being its adult or ._» aged state. M. striata, Gray (fig. 325), is probably a synonym, as is also M. Mitchelini of Sowerby, not Petit (fig. 326). r t STRIGATELLA. 155 M. MACULOSA, Reeve. PI. 45, figs 327, 328. Chestnut color under a deciduous corneous epidermis, a broad white band above the middle, and brown revolving lines, punctate with white towards the base. Length, 15-21 mill. Red Sea, Australia, Polynesia. M. Arabica, Dohrn (fig. 338), does not differ. Topically it is distinct enough from M. litter ata, but there are varieties which certainly approach extreme examples of that species very closely. . TRISTIS, Swainson. PI. 45, fig. 329. Shell white or light-chocolate, under a persistent, smooth dark olivaceous or black-brown epidermis, with a yellowish band at the top of the whorls; frequently slightly round-shouldered, and rudely folded at the sutures, forming obsolete tubercles ; aper- ure chocolate-colored. Length, *75-l'25 inches. Galapagos Is. ; Panama to Mazatlan. M. CHRYSOSTOMA, Swaiuson. PL 46, figs. 330, 331. Whitish or yellowish, tessellated or strigated longitudinally with orange-brown or chocolate, interrupted by a white, irregu- lar band on the periphery. Length, l'35-2 inches. Polynesia, Philippines, Mauritius. Kiener has figured this species in error for M. contracta, Swn. (= abbatis), and Phillippi, discovering that this figure did not represent Swainson 's species, has called it M. Kieneri. M. SCUTULATA, Lam. PL 46, figs. 332-33T. Chocolate-browrn, sometimes with merely an. irregular, or interrupted yellowish or whitish band below the sutures ; sometimes irregular small spots of the same color are on the lower portion of the body-whorl ; sometimes these spots unite longitudinally into strigations above and below, but always leaving a central chocolate space — which thus becomes defined as a broad bund. Length, 1-1'75 inches, Philippines, Polynesia. M.amphoreUa, Lam. (fig. 334 \ M. decurtata, Reeve (fig. 335), and M. oieacea. Reeve (fig. 336), and M. sertum, Duval (fig. 337), are synonyms. M. LITTERATA, Lam. PL 46, figs. 338, 339. Yellowish or whitish, with irregular, longitudinal chocolate 156 STRIGATELLA. markings, sometimes appearing like rude letters, and interrupted more or less by revolving bands. Length, *75-l inch. Red Sea, Java, Mauritius, So. Africa, Philippines, Polynesia. In many specimens the dark color so predominates as to appear to be the ground-color, upon which are superimposed the yellowish spots and letters ; I figure a shell which Sowerby has called M. maculosa, Reeve (fig. 339) which shows this variety pretty well. As already stated, the true maculosa closely approaches this form. M. PAUPERCULA, Linn. PI. 46, fig. 340. Chocolate, with uninterrupted whitish or yellowish longitudi- nal strigations. Length, 1-1 '4 inches. Red Sea, E. Africa, Indian Ocean, Philippines, Polynesia. M. VIRGATA, Reeve. PI. 46, fig. 341. Color and markings as in M. paupercula, but distinguished by smaller size, more abbreviate, Columbella-like form and conspi- cuous revolving grooves at the base of the shell. Length, *75-'9 inch. Mr. Reeve included two species in his M. virgata, his first figure being a species previously described by Lamarck, and which immediately follows this description. Some specimens of virgata have the Melampus-like form of M. return, but they appear to be constantly distinguished by the want of the white band and fewer and larger color flames. M. RETUSA, Lam. PI. 46, figs. 342-344. Surface covered with revolving striae ; dark chocolate, with rlne close, thread-like undulating longitudinal yellow or white lines, and superiorly a narrow yellow or white revolving band. Length, -75-1 inch. Polynesia. M. virgata, Reeve (fig. 341), in part, is synonymous with M. return, and M. capillata, Gould (fig. 344), is probably a juvenile of it. M. ZEBRA, Garrett. An unfigured Polynesian species, the description of which accords tolerably with M. virgata. ZIERLIANA. 157 M. TIGRINA, A. Ad. PL 46, figs. 348, 347. Glandiniform, with revolving striae ; longitudinally finely strigate with chocolate and yellowish or whitish, aperture chocolate. Length, 1-8 inches. Mauritius. A giant edition of M. retusa, but proportionally narrower than that species. M. jucunda, Tapparone-Canefri (fig. 347), is identical with it. M. ANAIS, Lesson. An unfigured species from the Gambier Islands. It evidently belongs to the present group. [. FUSCESCENS, Pease. (Unfigured.) Sandwich Islands. Subgenus Zierliana, Gray. In the introductory remarks upon the Strigatella section of Mitra (p. 153), I have stated the reasons which induce me to merge that group in the Mitras and to separate from it Zier- liana, which H. and A. Adams and their successors have con- sidered as a subgenus of Strigatella. M. ZIERVOGELIANA, Gmelin. PL 46, figs. 345, 346, 349, 350. Dark chocolate-brown, aperture and columella white or slightly tinged with light chocolate. Length, -9-1-1 inches. Philippines, Polynesia. Sometimes the ribs are denuded of epidermis, and give a zebra-like coloration to the species. Yar. ROBUSTA, Reeve, Fig. 346. Not so coarsely sculptured, with less shoulder and somewhat higher spire. This is the ordinary Polynesian form. It is littoral, under lava stones on rocky coasts. Var. WOLDEMARII, Kiener. Pig. 349. Still more finely sculptured and with higher spire than var. robusta; with which it insensibly connects. Yar. SOLIDULA, Reeve. Fig. 350. Sculpture fine, lightly impressed, more or less obsolete in the middle portion of the body-whorl. The young shell which 158 ZIERLIANA. Quoy described as M. nigra (= M. Quoyi, Desh., p. 122), may possibly be intended for this variety. M. ^ETHIOPS, Reeve. PI. 46, fig. 351. Dark brown or olive-black, finely decussated. Length, 1 inch. Solomon's Islands, Philippines. Very much narrower than any of the forms of M. Ziervoge- liana ; yet it may be only a variety of that species. M. creni- plicata, A. Ad. (unfigured) is said by Mr. Sowerby to be a synonym. M. ANTHRACINA, Reeve. PI. 46, fig. 352. Shell covered by a smooth, black epidermis. Length, 1 inch. Isle of Ticao, Philippines, on reefs at low water.— Cuming. Differs from M. JEthiops only in the want of sculpture. L. CHOAVA, Reeve. PL 46, fig. 353. Blackish, smooth. Length, 'f 5 inch. Isle of Johanna, Mozambique Channel — Hennah. I do not know the species ; except in being smooth, it resembles closely a juvenile of the typical M. Ziervogeliana. M. ALBOMACULATA, A. Ad. PL 46, fig. 354. Chocolate-brown, maculated with white next the sutures. Length, *5 inch. Habitat unknown. I do not know the species. M. COLUMBELLINA, A. Ad. PL 46, fig. 355. Variegated with chestnut and white, with obsolete revolving lines. Hob. unknown. Mr. Sowerby 's figure of this species shows a tuberculated shoulder, a character not referred to in the original description. Undetermined Species of Mitra. M. GRANULIFERA, OBLIQUATA, CLAVULUS, CONULARIS, CREBRALIS, of Lamarck. M. CINEREA, APICATA, Reeve. H. & A. Adams' Genera. M. OBSCURA, Button. New Zealand. M. FUSOIDES, A. Adams. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. Index. M. HANLEYANA, Dunker. Japan. THALA. M. SEMISTRIATA, Krynicki. Uaspian Sea. M. ORDINATA, Pease (ubi) Pastel's Catalogue. Sandwich Islands. M. SECTILIS, M. PALLIDA, Pease. Sandwich Islands. M. OBSCURA, Humphrey ; M. MUTELINA, Duclos ; M. GLOBOSA, Ghemii. ; 'M. CINCTA, Meuschen. H. & A. Adams' Genera of Shells. M. TASMANICA, LEGRANDI, SCALARIFORMIS, SEMILIVIDA, FRANCIS- CANA, GRANATINA, Tenisoii-Woods. Tasmania. M. RUSSA, Gould. China Seas. M. SECALINA, Gould. Ousima. M. L^TA (China Seas); M. DELICATA (Cape York, Australia); M. ASPERULATA, (Australia); M. RETICULATA (Port Essing- ton, Australia) ; M. PALLID A (Marquesas) ; M. ( YOLUTOMITRA) CINNAMOMEA (Natal); M. PUNCTOSTRIATA (Ceylon). All of Arthur Adams. M. ANTONI (Sandwich Islands) ; M. GIBBA (New Caledonia) ; M, AUTUMNALIS (New Caledonia), of Dohrn. M. LEUCOSTOMA, Swainson. No locality. M. INTERSCULPTA, Sowerby. . Mauritius. M. HUMERALIS, Garrett. Paumotus Is. Genus THALA, H. and A. Adams. Mr. Garrett remarks * that some of the species included in this genus are Pleurotomoid shells ; that the wrinkles or folds on the columella are not true plaits, but simply more or less irreg- ular transverse rugosities, precisely of the same structure as observed in certain species of Clathurella and Cithara. Some of the species which he declares should be excluded from Mitridae, appear to me to possess the character of the family, whilst in others, so minute are the specimens that it is difficult to decide whether they have plaits or not — the difficulty being enhanced by the poor state of preservation of several individuals. M. todilla, Mighels is one of the excluded species, yet it possesses them, as mentioned by Dr. von Martens. Of course the difficulty of deciding is enhanced with those species of which figures only are accessible. Unfortunately the animal is unknown ; this is * Leeds Jour, of Conch., iii, 2. 1 60 THALA. one of those cases where the dentition would be of much collat- eral value. I have preferred to retain all the species in Mitridse rather than attempt to divide them upon insufficient data. T. FOVEATA, Sowb. PL 47, tig. 356. Cancellated, chocolate-brown. Length, -5 inch. Hob. unknown. T. ROSEATA, A. Ad. PL 47, fig. 357. Cancellated, pinkish white. Length, *4 inch. Hob. unknown. Yery closely allied to T. foveata. T. SOLITARIA, C. B. Ad. PL 47, fig. 358. Cylindrically fusiform, cancellated, brown. Length, *4 inch. Panama. A single specimen obtained by the discoverer; I have not heard of its being found since. T. EXILIS, Reeve. PL 47, fig. 359. Yiolet-purple with a darker band ; granosely decussated throughout with minute ridges. Length, *66 inch. Isle of Ticao, Philippines ; under stones at low water. T. TODILLA, Mighels. PL 47, fig. 360. Whitish or light violet, sometimes obscurely banded or spotted ; surface tuberculately cancellated. Length, *35 inch. Sandwich Islands. Described as a Pleurotoma, the columellar plaits being indis- tinct. T. MILIUM, Reeve. PL 47, fig. 361. Chestnut-brown, cancellated. Length, -35 inch. Hab. unknown. The figure is somewhat different from that of T. todilla, yet it may be that species. T. BECURVA, Reeve. PL 47, fig. 362. Pinkish or violet, minutely dotted here and there with brown ; longitudinally sculptured, tranversely impressly striate. Length, -35 inch. Island of Capul> Philippines ; under stones at low water. Certainly very closely allied to T. todilla. THALA. 161 T. GRATIOSA, Reeve. PI. 47, fig. 363. Pink or violet, minutely decussated. Length, *4 inch. Galapagos Islands. T. MIRIFICA, Reeve. PI. 4T,'fig. 364. Pink or light violet, somewhat transparent, sometimes with a narrow white zone. Length, -3 inch. Philippines. — Cuming ; Paumotus. — Pease. Said to be thinner and more slender, with finer sculpture than T. gratiosa, but the specimens before me va,ry so much that it would be difficult to separate some of them from the figures of that and other species. T. CERNICA, Sowb. PI. 47, figs. 365-369. Shell rosy orange. Length, '65 inch. Mauritius. T. angustata, Sowerby (fig. 366), from same locality, presents no valid differences, Yar. ANGIOSTOMA, Pease. Fig. 367. White, shaped like T. mirifica, but larger, with somewhat stouter and coarser sculpture. Length, 12 mill. Paumotus. Yar. FUSUS, Souverbie, figs. 368, 369. Slightly stouter than the type, light violet, or pink-white, obscurely banded. Length, 10 mill. New Caledonia. The above are from widely separated localities, and as there are slight differences, they may be distinguished as varieties for the present. T. BREVICULA, Souv. PI. 47, fig. 370. Light violet. Length, 7 mill. New Caledonia. T. ADUMBRATA, SoUV. PI. 47, fig. 371. irt}^ white, maculate with chestnut, forming an interrupted band. Length, 10 mill. New Caledonia. Distinguished by its cylindrical form and very fine sculpture. 162 MITROIDEA. Unfigured Species. T. JACULANDA, Gould. Allied to T. recurva, Reeve, but the sculpture is much more delicate. China Seas. T. SALTATA, Pease. Polynesia. T. EXQUISITA, Garrett. Polynesia. T. VIOLACEA, Garrett. Polynesia. Genus MITROIDEA, Pease. The peculiar tubular and recurved anterior portion of the columella, the truncate outer lip, the numerous small columellar plaits, the smooth surface and outer lip will distinguish this genus upon conchological characters, although the animal and its dentition do not differ from Mitra. Mitroidea has four years' priority over Mauritia, A. Adams. The two species which H. and A. Adams included in their subgenus Mutyca, also belong here. If Mutyca had a sufficient diagnosis it would be entitled to precedence over Mitroidea on account of priority of publication, but its authors only perceived a portion of the characters of the group and made it an artificial section of Mitra. Mitroidea is closety allied to Dibaphus, but the latter has a shorter spire and is without columellar plaits. M. MULTIPLICA/TA, Pease. PI. 47, figs. 372, 373. White, solid, polished under a thin light olive epidermis, with distant brown revolving lines and band-like maculations. Length, 1-2 inches. Polynesia ; Mauritius Mr. Pease's species has never been figured, but the careful descriptions by himself and Garrett and the fact that he, like Adams, made his species the type of a new genus, leaves no doubt that M. Barclayi, H. Adams is synon3^mous with it. Dibaphus Lcebbeckeanus, Weinkauff (fig. 373), is the juvenile of this species. Sowerby, who does not mention Pease's prior name, changed M. Bar clay i to M. Dibaphiformis, on account of the alleged prior publication of Mitra Barclayi, Hanley. M. ANCILLIDES, Swainson. PI. 47, fig. 374. Pale fulvous yellow, or creamy white ; upper whorls minutely granulated. Length, 20 mill. Paumotus Isles. DIBAPHUS. 163 M. EBURNEA, Garrett. Closely allied to M. Ancillides, but may be distinguished by its ivory-white color, more contracted base, smaller size and more robust form. Length, 12 mill. Paumotus Isles. I do not know this species ; it has not been figured. M. BELLULA, A. Adams. PI. 47, fig. 375. White, polished, with revolving striae, upper whorls cancel- lated, a necklace-like row of reddish spots near the sutures. Length, '75 inch. Isle of Capul, Philippines ; on the reefs, low water. Described from a young and possibly abnormal specimen ; may it not = Ancillidesl M. TELUM, Sowb. PI. 47, fig. 376. Yellowish brown, lower half of body-whorl darker, smooth. Length, 1*1 inches. Mauritius. I have not seen this species. The figure is very like M. multiplicata (Barclayi , which also inhabits Mauritius, but the columella does not show so many plications. M. INFECTA, Reeve. PI. 47, figs. 377-380. Yellowish, marbled with chestnut-brown, sometimes forming two interrupted bands ; revolving striae inconspicuous or distinct. Length, 1*25-1 '5 inches. Mauritius. Paumotus. Sowerby says that Reeve's figure is erroneous, as it does not show the revolving striae, and he gives another figure (fig. 378), which differs somewhat in form and coloring. Reeve's figure is probably from a worn specimen — Dohrn says, from the original specimen of M. nebulosa, Swains. ; but nebulosa, as first figured by Reeve, is a very different species and = M. versicolor, Martyn. No doubt M. Barclayi, Hanley, not H. Adams, (figs. 379-380), is a synonym. Genus DIBAPHUS, Philippi. Differs from Mitroidea in the columella being without plaits. It resembles in general form Conus mitratus, as well as, more distantly, Strombus terebellatus, and Adams, Crosse, and others 164 TCRRICULA. formerly assigned to it a position between Conus and Mitra. The animal was first made known to science by Mr. A. Garrett in 1872,* who, after a careful study could not detect any difference between it and a Cylindra. On plunging a living example in alcohol, the spirit became much discolored, of a fine purple, the same as when any other Mitridse are placed in spirits. D. PHILIPPII, Crosse. PL 47, fig. 381. Yellowish brown, or whitish, clouded with chestnut in the form of two interrupted irregular bands. Length, 1-1*75 inches. Polynesia ; Mauritius. The earlier specific name D. edentulus, Swainson, has been displaced because the character indicated by it has become generic. Genus TTJRRICULA, Klein. The Turriculse, including the old sections Costellaria and Callithea, are sand species ; the section Pusio, however, contains reef-dwellers. The group is exclusively tropical and subtropical in distribution, its metropolis being Central Polynesia. T. BEGINA, Sowb. PI. 48, fig. 382. Whitish or gray, with orange bands bordered by narrow chocolate-colored stripes. Length, 2-3 inches. Moluccas. T. T^ENIATA, Lam. PL 48, figs. 383-390. Yellowish or orange, with a broad white central band, partly visible on the spire, bordered with narrow chocolate bands ; one or two additional chocolate bands below, sometimes replaced by a single broad one next below the white. Length, 1-75-2-75 inches. Philippines, Moluccas, Polynesia. Has not the sharp angulation of the whorls of T. regina, but is otherwise closely allied to that species. T. mttata, Swainson (figs. 384-386), does not present any permanently distinctive characters, and scarcely merits the name of variety. T. com- pressa, Sowb. (fig. 387), is a narrow variety, not adult; like all the young of this species the base is reflected more than in the Zool. Proc., 843, TURRICULA. 165 adult. T. coccinea, Reeve (fig. 390), is a color-variety in which the chocolate bands have disappeared ; Sowerby has figured it under the name of T. crocea. Reeve — which is a very different species. T. Tayloriana, Sowb. (figs. 388, 389) is intermediate between T. coccinea and the typical coloration. T. DENNISONI, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 391. Yellowish or orange, stained with chocolate between the ribs, with a median white zone. Length, 2-25 inches. Philippines.— Cuming ; Red Sea. — Sowerby. Sowerby figures a variety of this species which appears to connect it too closely with the preceding one of this monograph. T. JUCUNDA, Dunker. Plate 48, fig. 398. Yellowish or orange brown, with a median, obscure white band. Length, 61 mill. Saigon. There is a thin, deciduous, pallid corneous epidermis. More finely sculptured and more regular in growth than the variety of T. tseniata represented by coccinea, Reeve, there is nevertheless considerable resemblance between them. T. ELEGANS, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 392. Whitish or fleshy-brown, encircled with one or more narrow chocolate lines. Length, 1*1 inches. Phillippines. T. SANGUISUGA, Linn. PI. 48, figs. 393-397. Yellowish white to ash color, the ribs tipped with scarlet, sometimes with one or more chocolate bands, base and apex chocolate. Length, l'5-2'25 inches. Philippines, Mauritius, Polynesia. Mr. Cuming found it in coral sand at low water, at the Philip- pines ; Mr. Garrett, in sandy mud, at the Yiti Isles — sometimes buried to the depth of two feet. The color variations are numerous ; two of them have received names. Yar. STIGMATARIA, Lam. Figs. 396, 397. Lighter colored, with the scarlet spots confined to two revolving rows on the body-whorl, one on those of the spire. Yar. GRANOSA, Chemn. Fig. 395. Light colored, without scarlet spots. 166 TURRICTJLA. T. STAINFORTHII, Reeve. PL 49, figs. 399, 400. Whitish, base and apex ashy blue, ribs painted with square scarlet spots. Length, 1*25 — 2-25 inches. Philippines. The distant, rounded ribs, crossed by close striae, and regular painting seem to distinguish this species sufficiently from T. sanguisuga. . T. MELONGENA, Lam. PL 49, figs. 401, 402, 40T. Chocolate or ash and white, in revolving bands and lines of variable thickness. Length, l-5-2'5 inches. Moluccas, Philippines. T. LYRATA, Lam. PL 49, fig. 403. Ribs narrow, sharp ; light olive or ash, with narrow dark chocolate or blackish revolving bauds. Length, 1-5-2 inches. Philippines, Polynesia. T. CURVILIRATA, Sowb. PL 49, fig. 404. Yellowish white, with chestnut or chocolate bands. Length, 1*25-1*T5 inches. China f Distinguished from T. melongena by its curved ribs and painting, but may nevertheless be only a variety. T. RADIUS, Reeve. PL 49, fig. 406. Flesh color or brownish, with a brown band on the periphery. Length, 1 inch. Philippines ; Indian Ocean. T. BALTEOLATA, Reeve. PL 49, fig. 405. Spire and upper portion of body-whorl yellowish white, lower portion of the latter orange ; a brown band separates the two colors, and another one or two are situated inferiorly. Length, 2*5 inches. Moluccas, Philippines. ^ T. COSTELLARIS, Lam. PL 49, fig. 408. Dark chocolate, with a superior narrow white band, and occasionally an obscure, wider, lower one. Length, 1-5-2 inches. Philippines. T. PEASET, Garrett. An unfigured species from the Yiti Islands, has the coloring of T. costellaris,. I do not know it. TURRICULA. 167 T. VULPECULA, Linn. PI. 49, figs 410-413. Whitish, obscurely banded with orange, and tipped with dark chocolate at the sutures and base ; or orange, with sometimes an obscure light band ; or orange with dark chocolate bands, some- times covering nearly the entire surface. Shoulder obtuse or sharply angulated. Length, 1*5-2 inches. Moluccas, Philippines, Polynesia. A variable species in form, sculpture and coloration. T. umbrosa, Sowerby (fig. 414), is said to have the ribs more defined than T. vulpecula, and raised into tubercles at the angle of the whorls ; I might make several equally good species out of the series of vulpecula before me. T. CAFFRA, Linn. PL 49, fig. 409 ; PI. 50, fig. 424. Dark chocolate, with two or three yellow zones, the upper one visible on the spire. Length, 1-75-2-25 inches. Isle of Ticao, Philippines. T. bifasciata, Swainson, has long been recognized as a syno- nym; T. zonaliSj Quoy (fig. 424), may be added. This species approaches so near to the smoother forms of T. vulpecula, that their specific identity is not improbable. T. PLICATA, Lam. PI. 50, figs. 420-422. Orange-yellow, with narrow superior and inferior brown bands, interrupted by the ribs, and a broad central band; whorls shouldered, with or without revolving striae. Length, 1-5-1-75 inches. Philippines. Yar. PULLATA, Reeve. Figs. 421, 422. Less shouldered, ribs rather closer, revolving striae more distinct. I use the name plicata, Klein, adopted by Lamarck, in preference to plicaria, Linn, the former being so well known, that it would be injudicious to displace it. T. CINCTELLA, Lam. PI. 50, fig. 423. Whitish and gray or lead or yellowish in alternate zones, overlaid, on the body-whorl by one or several chestnut-colored lines. Length, 1-15-2-25 inches. Moluccas, Ceylon. 168 TURRICULA. T. INTERMEDIA, Kiener. PL 50, fig. 430. Alternately zoned with ashy or chocolate-brown and white. Length, 2-2*5 inches. Moluccas. This species is entirely too intermediate for the satisfactory separation of several other forms ; in its smoother varieties it approaches very closely to chocolate-banded specimens of T. vulpecula; its long, costate varieties are allied to T. costellaris, Lam. and T. cinctella; its short, corrugated specimens are too near to T. corrugata, Lam. (= T. rugosa, Grmel.). T. CORRUGATA, Lam. PL 50, figs. 429, 428, 421. Whitish or ash color, banded with chocolate. Length, 1-25-1-15 inches. Indian Ocean, Philippines, New Guinea, Australia. It is too late to revive Gmelin's .prior name (rugosa) for this species. T. Jukesii, A. Ad. (fig. 428), is founded on juvenile Australian specimens. T. fulvolirata, Sowb. (fig. 421), is very close, if not identical. T. BERTHS, Sowb. PL 49, fig. 417. Ash or yellowish, encircled by narrow chocolate bands. Length, 32 mill. China Sea. Appears to hold the same relation to T. corrugata that cinctella does to costellaris. T. GRUNERI, Reeve. PL 49, figs. 418, 419, 416. White, more or less distinctly banded with ash, with a superior, and sometimes one or two inferior narrow chestnut revolving lines, shell smooth between the longitudinal ribs. Length, •15-1-25 inches. Ceylon, Philippines, Polynesia. Resembles T. Berthse, but is distinguished by wanting its revolving striae. T. cinctella, of which it might be suppposed to be the young, has the earlier whorls closely ribbed, not shouldered. It may be the young of a variety of T. plicata, a species from which it is only distinguished by the character of its narrow bands. T. modesta, Pease (fig. 419), of which the type specimen is now before me is certainly identical ; and so is T. Isevicostataj&owb. (fig. 416). COSTELLARIA. 169 T. INTERRUPTA, A. Ad. PI. 50, fig. 426. Whitish, interruptedly banded with chocolate. Length, 1'4 inches. North Australia. Differs in form from T. corrugata. T. ORNATA, A. Ad. PL 50, fig. 425. White with chestnut bands, or dark colored with white bands ; revolving striae between the ribs. Length, 1*25 inches. Habitat unknown. The ribs appear to be closer than in T. corrugala, but I fear that it will prove to be a variety of that species. Soction Coste'laria, Swainson. Shell smaller, with elevated spire, body-whorl anteriorly contracted, slightly ventricose in the middle, aperture some- times internally striated. T. ANGULOSA, Kiister. PI. 50, figs. 432, 431. Yellowish white, stained or strigated with brown. Length, 1*2-1 *8 inches. Philippines, Mauritius, Polynesia. T. mirabilix, A. Ad. (fig. 431) is a synonym. Mr. Garrett says that Yiti Islands specimens are ashy-slate color, with a more or less distinct pale band just beneath the sutural angle. T. NASUTA, Sowb. PI. 49, fig. 415. Subfusiform, white, with thin sinuously curved, rather distant ribs, and rather distant spiral striae. Length, *9 inch. Habitat unknown. I am not acquainted with this species. T. DECORA, Reeve. PI. 50, fig. 434. White, with two brown bands. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Ribs more distant than in T. angulosa, but may be a variety of it. T. SALMONEA, Sowb. PL 50, fig. 433. Yellowish white, clouded with salmon color. Length, 15 inches. Habitat unknown. 22 170 COSTELLARIA. T. CUMINGII, Reeve. PL 50, figs. 435-439. Longitudinal ribs rude, rounded ; crossed by revolving rounded riblets, the interstices between the latter deeply impressed except where they cross the ribs. Whitish, sometimes spotted with brown, and usually brown-banded in the middle. Length, 1—1 '5 inches. Ceylon, Philippines, Polynesia, Mauritius. Besides a copy of Reeve's type (fig. 435), I give one from Sowerby's Thesaurus (fig. 436), which corresponds more nearly with the richly-colored specimens lineated with brown, found by Mr. Garrett at the Paumotus Isles. With this species must be united T. clathrata. Reeve (fig. 438), and T. dimidiate, Sowb. (fig. 437), which is now admitted by him to be a synonym. T. rugosa, Sowb. (fig. 439), of which only a single specimen is known, appears to differ only in the somewhat greater promi- nence of the revolving sculpture on the body-whorl. I think it is the same species : if it is, then its priority of publication must cause the adoption of its name instead of that of Gumingii. T. MONTROUZIERI, Souv. PI. 50, fig. 440. Yellowish brown, lighter at the angle of the shoulder. Length, 1 inch. New Caledonia. T. LUCIDA, Reeve. PI. 50, fig. 441. Ribs swollen at the upper part, transversely elegantly ridged ; transparent white. Length, '66 inch. Philippines. T. NODULIFERA, A. Ad. PI. 50, fig. 442. The figure given by Sowerby is white, but Mr. E. A. Smith describes a specimen from the Solomon Islands as pale pinkish with white ribs, the aperture orange. Length, 11-5 mill. It possibly equals T. lucida. T. MODESTA, Reeve. PI. 50, fig. 443. White, slightly tinged with pink towards the base, aperture pink. Length, -8 inch. Isle of Ticao, Philippines. "A very chaste pink-white shell, with a highly relieved latticed sculpture." COSTELLARIA. 171 T. PROPINQUA, Garrett. An unfigured species resembling T. modesta, Reeve, but more contracted at the base, with much smaller and more numerous transverse ridges. Length, 15 mill. Viti Islands. T. CINERACEA, Reeve. PI. 51, figs. 444, 445. Ashy gray, with an interrupted white band at the shoulder, and white-tinged at the base. Length, '75 inch. Philippines. T. JUD^ORUM, Dohrn. PI. 51, fig. 446. 'Orange-brown, ribs and base white. Length, 22 mill. Red Sea, Mauritius. A longer, narrower shell than T. cineracea, but may be a variety of it. rT. MILITARIS, Reeve. PI. 51, figs. 447-455. Yellowish brown, with a chestnut band. Length, 1 inch. Isle of Ticao, Philippines. Perhaps not distinct from T. angulosa, Kiister, the difference being principally in its straighter ribs. Yar. ANTONELLI, Dohrn. Fig. 448. Chocolate- or chestnut-brown, or dark gray, white-tinged or banded above. Red Sea, Mauritius, Polynesia.^ Specimens sent to me from the Yiti Islands by Mr. Andrew Garrett, under the name of T. mutabilis, Reeve, are more slender than Sowerby's figure, approaching the form of militaris very closely. Var. LUBENS, Reeve. Figs. 449-451. Yellowish white, tinged with pink at apex and base. Philippines. T. compta, A. Ad (fig. 450), and T. turricula, A. Ad. (fig. 451), are synonyms. Yar. COPHINA, Gould. Fig. 453. The figure of the type shows a shorter shell than the preced- ing, but specimens before me serve to connect it directly with var. lubens. A somewhat rounded instead of an angulated shoulder is the only difference, and that not constant. To this form may be referred the Sandwich Islands species T. bella. 172 COSTELLARIA. Pease (fig. 452), yellowish white, interruptedly banded or marked with light chestnut ; a faded, stumpy specimen of it was called T. Wisemanni by Dohrn. As there is some diversity of sculpture and coloration in the typical shells above enumerated, I have thought it advisable to retain their names as varieties, for the sake of those who, less well provided with specimens than myself, may not be able to convince themselves that they are mere individual stages or local races perhaps, of one species. T. cimelium, Reeve (fig. 454), is a young shell referable to this species. The shell which Sowerby has erroneously determined as T. rorata, Gld. (fig, 455), may also be placed here. T. INTERSTRIATA, Sowb. PI. 51, fig. 456. Longitudinal costae smooth, distant, the interstices with spiral striae. White, banded with orange, maculated with chestnut between the ribs. Length, 1'15 inches. China Seas. I have not seen this species, but think it will prove to be a variety of T. militaris. T. CORBIOULA, Sowb. PI. 51, fig. 457. Yellowish white, shaded with yellowish brown, the tubercles of the shoulder angle tipped with chestnut, forming a necklace- like row ; interior of aperture light yellowish. Ribs and revolv- ing riblets both close, forming granules. Length, '8-1 inch. Mauritius. T. SULUENSIS, Adams and Reeve. PI. 51, fig. 459. Yellowish white, spotted with chestnut, forming two inter- rupted bands. Length, 1 inch. Sooloo Islands. T. COLLINSONI, A. Adams. PL 51, figs. 458, 460, 461. Whitish, stained with brown at the apex, obscurely banded with bluish ash a little below the top of the whorls, and spotted irregularly with brown in the same part, generally between the costse ; lower half of the last whorl cinereous brown. Length, -75-1 inch. Japan. Differs from T. Suluensis in having a non-turreted spire, finer spiral sculpture, a shorter aperture, and in its color. The fore- I COSTELLAEIA. 173 going description indicates such close affinity with T. Suluensis, however, that I think it would have been more prudent not to separate it. T. fusco-apicata (fig. 460) and T. Gotoensis, E. A. Smith, (fig. 461), are both synonymous, varying only slightly in sculpture and marking from the type. T. CRUENTATA, (Chemn.) Reeve. PL 51, figs. 462-466, 468, 469; PI. 58, fig. 686. Chestnut or chocolate-brown, with a superior narrow white band, and occasionally an inferior one. Sometimes lighter colored between the band and the suture. Length, '75-1 inch. Indian Ocean, Philippines, Polynesia.. A very variable species, which has received a number of names. Var. PROXIMA, Nevill. Figs. 464-466, 468. The usual Polynesian form ; when one-banded it has been called var. Sandvichensis, Nevill. T. exarata, A. Ad. (fig. 465), T. ligata, A. Ad. (fig. 466), and T. uibex, A. Ad. (PL 58, fig. 686) are synonyms. I think that T. larva, Lam. (fig. 468) may also be placed here. Var. ARMILLATA, Reeve. Fig. 467. A narrow form, with spire drawn out, typically very different from cruentata, var. proxima, but connected with it by Poly- nesian specimens before me. T. SCHOMBURGKII, Angas. PL 51, fig. 470. Livid brown, with a broad, pale, suffused band on each whorl, and four narrow, dark-brown lines encircling the last whorl, one above and three below the band. Length, 10 mill. So. Australia. I am not acquainted with this species. T. BUCCINOIDEA, Sowb. PL 51, fig. 467. Yellowish white, with a white central band bordered with chestnut on each side. Length, 4 inches. Habitat unknown. T. RAWSONI, Morch. An unfigured species, from the West Indies, is said to resemble T. cruentata. 174 COSTELLARTA. T. FUSCONIGRA, Garrett. An unfigured species, dark, brownish black, with a superior white spiral line. Length, 18 mill. Viti Isles. Three dead specimens found. I am not acquainted with it ; appears to be closely allied to the preceding species. T. SEMIFASCIATA, Lam. PI. 51, figs. 472, 473. Yellowish white or ash-gray on the upper part of the whorls, darker ash or orange on the lower part, encircled by two or three narrow chestnut lines. Length, *75-l'25 inches. Red Sea, Philippines, Polynesia. T. SEMISCULPTA, Ad. and Reeve. PL 51, fig. 474. Ash color tinged with pink, with a light, narrow revolving band on the periphery. Length, -9 inch. Sooloo Isles, Japan. \y T. MUCRONATA, Swainson. PL 51, figs. 475-479; PL 52, figs. 480-482. Whitish or yellowish, stained, spotted or irregularly banded with light chestnut. Length, 1-1*25 inch. Bed Sea; Polynesia; in sand, inside the reefs, shallow water. Mr. Garrett says the animal is a rich brown, irregularly dotted with yellow on the back, the creeping disk cinereous, the siphon dusky with yellowish spots. The shell varies considerably in proportions and in the develop- ment of the spinose tubercles; a smoother form is T. concentrica, Reeve, (fig. 476). I add as synonyms T. fusiformis, Reeve, not Kiener (fig. 477) ; T. obtusispinosa, Sowb. (fig. 478) ; T. ecliinata, A. Ad. (fig. 479) ; T. nodilirata, A. Ad. (fig. 480) ; T. fusiformis, Chemm. (fig. 481 ] ; a narrow variety, which, through T. Dohrni, A. Ad. (fig. 482), approaches T. fusiformis, Kiener. T.-VERRUCOSA, Reeve. PL 52, fig. 483. Yellowish white, spotted or banded with pale brown. Length, 1 inch. Philippine*. Closely allied to the preceding species, of which it may prove to be a variety. COSTELLARTA. 175 T. FUSIFORMTS, Kiener. PL 52, figs 484, 485, 487-489. Yellowish white, spotted or banded with brown. Length, 1 inch. Philippines. Kiener figured this as fusiformis, Chemnitz, but it does not correspond with the illustrations in the Conchylien Cabinet ; the latter represent a narrow form of T. mucronata, Swains. T. spicata, Rve. (fig. 487) appears to be a synonym. T. turriger, Reeve, (fig. 488) and possibly T. armiger, Reeve (fig. 489) are also to be placed here. T. PURPURATA, Reeve. PI. 52, fig. 490-492. Ashy brown, with a conspicuous white zone; interstices of the ribs strongly latticed. Length, -75 inch. Red Sea ; Philippine*. T. daedala, Reeve (fig. 491) and T. cineracea, Reeve (fig. 492) are probably synonymous. T. FIDICULA, Gould. PL 58, fig. 693. Yellowish brown with a central white band ; ribs whitish, sometimes a little nodular at the shoulder angle. Length, '75 inch. Hob. unknown. — Gould ; Red Sea.— M' Andrew? M'Andrew's identification of a Red Sea form with this species is questionable. T. OELATA, Reeve. PL 52, figs. 493-495. Yellowish or chestnut-brown, with an indistinct lighter band. Length, '5-'75 inch. Philippines. T. sculptilis, Reeve (fig. 494), appears to be the adult. Probabty T. mica, Reeve (fig. 495), is a synonym. T. INERMIS, Reeve. PL 52, fig. 496. Chestnut, with a white band crossed by longitudinal brown zigzag lines. Length, '75 inch. Philippines; Japan. Possibly a smooth variety of T. cselata. T. RECTILATERIS, Sowb. PL 52, fig. 497. Banded with chestnut and white ; spiral striae between the ribs. Length, 1*2 inches. Habitat unknown. 176 COSTELLARIA. T. RUBELLA, Ad. and Reeve. PL 52, fig. 498. Yellowish brown. Length, 1 inch. Sooloo Archipelago. T. SCITULA, A. Ad. PL 52, fig. 499. Yellowish white, sparsely punctate with chestnut. Length, '5 inch. China Seas. A young shell, the position of which is not readily determin- able. T. INTERT^ENIATA, Sowb. PL 52, fig. 500. Ash color with narrow chestnut bands. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Possibly — T rectilateris, Sowb. T. RUSTICA, Reeve. PL 52, fig. 501. Whitish, lower part of the shell ash color, with occasional brown dots upon the middle of the whorl. Length, *75 inch. Habitat unknown. A species having no marked characteristics. NI T. DESHAYESII, Reeve. PL 52, figs. 502-507, 486. Turreted, with an angle at the shoulder, longitudinal ribs small, rounded, interspaces wider, smooth ; white or ash color, with chestnut revolving bands, usually tipping the ribs only and thus appearing as rows of spots. Length, *75-l inch. Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Mauritius, New Caledonia, Polynesia. First described from a poor specimen, in which the upper portions of the ribs only are distinct, and the bands not well defined. The shell which Reeve figures as T. rigida, Swainson (fig. 504), is synonymous — the true rigida being equivalent to T.semifasciata, Lam. Other synonyms are T. Michaudi, Crosse and Fischer (fig. 505), proposed for T. rigida, Reeve, not Swainson, T. Dunkeri, Schmeltz MSS., and T. alauda of Sowb. (figs. 506, 507), not Quoy, Voy. Astrol. as quoted by Sowerby — no such species occurring in that work. I figure also, a variety of uniform dark chocolate color. T. AMANDA, Reeve. PL 52, fig. 508. Ribs crossed by fine revolving striae, a little nodulous next the suture ; alternately banded with light chestnut and white. Length, *5 inch. Indian Ocean, Philippines, Polynesia. COSTELLARIA. 177 T. FESTIVA, Garrett. [Jnfigured. Resembles Desfaiyesii, Reeve. Viti Islands. T. I'l LCIIKA. (JariVtl. Untigurecl. Resembles Deshtty&sii^ Rervr. Viti ai ul fruniHiit, lxl//•//. T. ZELOTYPA, Reeve. PL 54, fig. 558. Alternately banded with }^ellowish brown and white. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Section Pusia, Swainson. Shell small, ovate, more or less ribbed or nodulous ; spire usually -short, convex, with obtuse apex; outer lip sometimes thickened. T. DERMESTINA, Lam. PL 54, figs. 559-566. Chestnut or chocolate-brown more or less spotted with yellow- ish white on the ribs, with a superior interrupted white band and an inferior narrower one. Length, '75 inch. West Indies ; Paumotus ; Sandwich Islands ; Red Sea ? The West Indian habitat of this species is established by Morch, Krebs, Swift, etc. ; the Paumotus are given on the authority of Hugh Cuming ; Mr. Pease reports it from the Sandwich Islands, M' Andrew from the Red Sea. Probably the latter is a mistaken identification ; but specimens from the two oceans are alike and cannot be specifically distinguished. The PUSTA. 183 synonyms are T. cavea. Reeve (tig. 560), reported by Beau from Guadeloupe, \V. I..; T. Adamsi,Do\\rn ( lig. 561), described from a worn specimen; 7'. i>//l<-Jir/la. Reeve, (fig. 562); T. pisolina, Lain, (tig. .")('»3) ; T. ansulata, Sowb. (fig. 564); and T. histrio, Reeve (lig. ;>C>5), a brilliantly colored form. Var. coNSAN(ii;i\KA, Reeve, fig. 566. Orange to brown, with a revolving row of white spots, and scattered spots on the base and spire. Length, '75 inch. It varies considerably in the length of the spire. It is fre- quently confounded, says Mr. Garrett, with T. dermestina, with which it is very closely allied. T. TATEI. Angas. PI. 54, fig. 567. Yellowish brown, with two chocolate bands. Length, 3 inches. So. Australia. T. MICRO/ONIAS, Lam. PI. 54, figs. 568, 569. Dark chestnut or chocolate-brown, with a row of white spots on the ribs at the periphery, forming an interrupted band or necklace; sometimes an inferior narrow band. Length, '5-* 7 5 inch. West Indies ; Polynesia. Morch, Krebs and Swift report it from the West Indies, ('inning and Garrett from Polynesia ; specimens from both local- ities before me are precisely similar. The species is distinguished with difficulty from varieties of T. dermestina, and will, I think, prove to be S3'nonymous with it. T. GEMMATA, Sowb. PI. 58, fig. 688. Brown, usually slightly angular above the middle ; ribs distinct on and above the angle, becoming obsolete below it ; angle with a hand of white spots. Length, 8-10 mill. Habitat unknown. Three good specimens are before me ; with the general char- acter of M. microzonias,ihey have a much narrower form. T. I'ARDALis. Kiister. PI. 54, figs. 573-575. Yellowish to chocolate-brown, with an interrupted or con- tinent white band composed of irregular spots; the tops of the longitudinal ribs lighter in color, sometimes white. Length, "6 inch. Red Sea; Philippines; Mauritius; Polynesia, on coral reefs. 184 PUSTA. Krister described his species from young specimens ; there can be no doubt, however, of its identity with the forms subsequently characterized by Reeve as T. lauta (fig. 574), and T. leucodesma (fig. 575). Reeve's figure of T. pardalis is a Columbella. T. MEDCOMACULATA, Sowb. PI. 55, figs. 581, 582. Somewhat indistinctly plicately ribbed, ribs smooth, wide, close together, interstices with revolving striae ; sculpture alto- gether obsolete on the back of the last whorl ; rich chestnut- brown, broadly white-banded, with a row of square, regular brown spots in the centre of the band. Length, -5 inch. Mauritius. T. Cernica, Nevill (fig. 582) is a synonym. T. PUELLA, Reeve. PL 55, fig. 583. Dark chestnut or chocolate with jagged flames or spots of white, frequently confluent around the suture Surface polished, with obsolete, minute, decussating sculpture. Length, '3-'4 inch. West Indies. T. TURTURINA, Souverbie. PL 55, fig. 584. Smooth, polished, solid, columbelliform, with revolving striae; dark chestnut, with small white revolving points or spots. Length, *5 inch. Loyalty /., New Caledonia. Resembles the preceding species, differing in its columbelli- form aperture, and the disposition of the spots. T. CREMANS, Reeve. PL 55, fig. 585. Dark chocolate, with an irregular white band, tending to spread longitudinally on the tops of the distant folds or ribs, these being sometimes obsolete ; irregularly white-banded near the base ; when the shell is fresh, close, very fine spiral lines are visible. Length, -5-'6 inch. Philippines. The figures of Sowerby and Reeve are both taken from smooth uncharacteristic specimens. It is near T. pardalis. M. Timo- rensis, Dohrn, an unfigured species, from the island of Timor, is apparently synonymous. T. ALVEOLUS, Reeve. PL 55, fig. 586. Longitudinally finely ribbed, base with revolving grooves ; PUSIA. 185 whorls dark chocolate, tessellated with white around the upper p:irt, and on the spire. Length, *5 inch. Habitat unknown . (Red Sea f ) I am not acquainted with the species; it may be a variation of T.pardalis. T. APERTA, Sowb. PI. 55, fig-. 581. Slightly ribbed ; chocolate, with an irregular yellowish band. Length, *7 inch. Habitat unknown. Described from a single specimen in the late Taylor collection. T. MILLECOSTATA, Swainson. PI. 55, fig. 588. Closely, finely longitudinally ribbed, with impressed revolving stria? at the base ; orange yellow to dark chestnut-brown, some- times with two interrupted lighter bands. Length, *5 inch. Island of Annaa. T. LUCULENTA, Reeve. PI. 55, figs. 589-594. Short pupjeform, with obtuse apex; or ventricose in the body-whorl, with a more or less angulated periphery, and dis- tantly irregularly folded or ribbed ; sometimes narrow. Color alternate revolving bands of white or light yellowish and dark chocolate or black. Length, -5 inch. Philippines ; Polynesian Islands, on coral reefs. A species of very variable form, and sculptured or smooth ; the typical state is pupseform furnished with white bands as wide or wider than the black ones (fig. 589) ; a more ventri- cose shell with the black bands proportionately wider is T. dichroa, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 590) ; a still more ventricose and more usual form has been called by Mr. Crosse T. Graeffi (fig. 591); it is ribbed, and the white bands are narrow; Sowerby has re- described it under the name of T. nigrofasciata (fig. 592). A narrower variety of the shell with narrow white bands Mr. Sowerbjr calls T. Isemzonata (fig. 593). To complete the 83^11- onymy, we may probably add T. tricolor, Montr, (fig. 594) in which there are indistinct rufous bands in the middle of the white bands ; this is not a constant character, as in a specimen sent to me by M. Crosse, the rufous markings are not visible. Tapparone-Canefri has changed the name to Montrouzieri, that of tricolor being preoccupied. Mr. Garrett remarks of this 24 186 PUSIA. species that " the}^ are usually found associated with Engina mendicaria, which they resemble so closely in shape and color as to be easily mistaken for small specimens of the latter species. Mr. Crosse's figure, which is slightly enlarged, very correctly represents the usual form. They, however, frequently differ in being more slender, and the ribs are sometimes nearly obsolete. Animal black. The foot is oblong, margined with yellow, slightly auriculate in front, and about three-fourths the length of the shell. Siphon rather long, irrorated with white. The pale ten- tacles are marked by two black zones." T. LOTA, Reeve. PL 54, fig. 570. Pale reddish orange, variegated with brown. Length, '75 inch. Me of Ticao ; Philippines. A species of no determinate character, closely allied to or identical with T. microzonias, Lam. Sowerby considers it a synonym of T. pisolina, Lam., a species which I believe to be identical witli T. dermestina. T. GLANDIFORMIS, Reeve. PI. 54, fig. 571. White, variegated with brown. Length, -5 inch. Red Sea ; Indian Ocean. Messrs. G. and H. Nevill say that T. dsedala, radius and this species are identical, running together through intermediate forms ; the types are so different, however, that having no series of specimens by which to verify this for myself, I prefer to keep them distinct. T. CITHABA, Reeve. PI. 55, fig. 599. Light purple-brown with a narrow, pale hand. H., '75 inch. Hob. unknown. T. APPROXIMATA, Pease. Shell ovate, turreted ; whorls convexly angulated at the sutures, longitudinally ribbed, crossed by impressed striae ; interstices punctured ; aperture striated within ; columella four-plaited. Color white, banded and blotched irregularly with chestnut- brown. Sandwich Islands. Not figured. Not seen by either Mr. (rarrett or myself. : PUSIA. 187 T. BRONNI, Bunker. An unfigured species said to be very like T. ylandiformis, Reeve, but much larger, narrower, paler in color, and somewhat curved before. Length, 20 mill. Japan. T. KRAUSSI, Dunker. An unfigured species, resembling the preceding, somewhat, ami also recalling the narrow variety of T. microzonias. It is found in the Japanese seas. T. CROCATA, Lam. PI. 55, figs. 595-507. I\ eddish orange or yellowish brown, with a superior narrow white band. Length, '75— 1*25 inch. Philippines ; Polynesia. The type figured by Kiener, fig. 595, is even larger than the ize given in Lamarck's description — which is, length one and a quarter inches. I have some doubt whether the shell usually identified with T. crocata, and which is common enough in cabinets, is really that species, for it is always much smaller and less shouldered — sometimes without any superior angle on the whorls. If this identification is correct, a large synonymy must be added (principally on account of inconstant coloration), including T. aureolata. venustula,flavescens. etc. I prefer to let rrorata stand as a somewhat doubtful form, and include the others under the name of T. aureolata. T. concinna, Reeve (fig. 597), is a smaller shell, varying only in the interstices of the revolving ridges being darker colored. T. PYRAMIDALIS, Reeve. PL 55, fig. 598. Yellowish or orange-brown, with a white superior zone. Length, 1 '25-1 '5 inches. Isle of Annaa, Paumotus Group. Garrett obtained a specimen which is white with two orange- yellow bands. The spire is more elegated and less angular than in T. crocata ; the ribs much more curved and more roughly tuberculated. This is the aurantia of Swainson, not Gmelin, and Garrett proposes to revive that name ; Gmelin's species being a true Mitra and Turricula now generally accepted as a distinct genus : in common parlance the Turricuhe, however, will probably continue to be referred to as Mitrae, so that some con- fusion might arise from reinstating T. aurantia. 188 PUS FA. \I T. AUREOLATA, Swainson. PL 55, figs. 600-606. Orange-brown, with a small white superior zone, and some- times one or more thread-like inferior bands ; sometimes white with an orange band below the suture and another at the base. Length, *75 inch. Philippines ; Polynesia. A very variable species in sculpture and coloration, and therefore having a large synonymy. I have already, under T. crocata, alluded to the fact that that species has usually been identified with this ; it remains to figure the crocata of collectors (fig. 600), which is a lemon-yellow variety of aureolata, with or without a superior thread-like white band. T. multicostata, Swains, (fig. 602), and T. crocea, Reeve (fig. 603), are examples of shoulderless varieties of the type and of " crocata " respec- tively ; they are both somewhat enlarged in the figures. In T. venustula, Reeve (fig. 604), the revolving sculpture is darker colored ; and in T.flavescens, Reeve (fig. 605), a portion of them are so marked, giving the shell a bright, banded appearance. T. affinis, Reeve (fig. 606), is also a synonym. T. PLICATISSIMA, Schroter. PI. 55, fig. 607. Grayish white, apex and base tinged with brown ; two dark bands on the bod3^-whorl. Length, 20 mill. Habitat unknown. Perhaps a variety of T. aureolata. T. RUBRA, Swainson. PL 55, figs. 608, 609. Light pink and darker banded, or roseate with a light band, sometimes interrupted by dark tints in the interstices of the ribs. Length, '25 inch. Paumotus ; New Zealand? The specimens before me, as well as the figures, show that it is not an adult shell. Sowerby's fig. 393 (fig. 608) represents the shell described by Garrett as T. exquisita ; it is at most, a mere variety. T. BICOLOR, Garrett. An unfigured species, cinereous with'two rose-colored bands. Length, 8 mill. Samoa and Paumotus Isles. Appears to be closely allied to T. rubra. PUSIA. 189 T. PALTGERA, Sowb. PL 55, fig. 610. Yellowish white. interruptedly fasrinte with chestnut. Length, '65 inch. Hab. unknown. T. INFALSTA, Reeve. IM. 55, iig. 576. Fleshy straw-color, stained with chestnut. Length, '68 inch. 1*1. of Ticao, Philippines. T. GARRETTII, (J. and U. Xevill. Xanie proposed for Mitra assimilis* (Jarrett, not Pease; an nn figured species, of a whitish color, with closely set, slightly raised deep brown lines. » Cook* 9, Samoa, and Viti Islands. . FORTIPLTCATA. Pease. PL 55, fig. 57V. Light chestnut, base ami apex whitish. Length, 8 mill. Paumotits Is., in beach sand. T. KM i U.K. Selmieltz. PI. 55, fig. 578. Reddish chestnut, encircled by two or three narrow yellowish bands. Length, 8 mill. Pauittotus Is., in beach saiid. Described by Mr. Pease as T. plicatula, a name preoccupied for a fossil species. T. ROSEA, Swainson. PI. 55. fig. 579. Purple-rose, tipped with white on the ribs ; sometimes with a row of dark spots between the ribs and below the shoulder. Length, '5 inch. Lord Hood's Island. T. niscoLORiA, Reeve. PL 55, fig. 580. Alternately banded with white and orange or reddish brown, or chocolate. Usually the bands are much darker in color between the ribs. Length, *5— • 65 inch. Solomon Is. (Brazier); Philippines (Paetel) ; Viti Is. (Garrett). T. AMABILIS, Keeve. PL 56, fig. 611. Ashy or pinkish gray, with a broad white superior band, and sometimes narrow white revolving lines below it. Length, *35-'4 inch. Red Sea; Philippines; Polynesia. A coral reef species, widely distributed. 190 PUSIA. T. NICOBARICA, Frauenfeld. PI. 56, fig. 612. Shell chocolate-brown, aperture also chocolate. H., 16 mill. Nicobar Isles. T. FICULINA, Lam. PL 56, figs. 613-615. Dark chocolate-brown, more or less shouldered and distantly longitudinally ribbed, sometimes crossed by revolving striae, which become more distinct towards the base ; aperture chocolate within. Length, *7 inch. Philippines ; Solomon Is. ; Australia ; Galapagos Is. I refer to this species T. gausapata, Reeve (fig. 614), from the Galapagos, and T. forticostata, Reeve (fig. 615) ; the latter without revolving sculpture except at the base. T. ZEBRINA, d'Orb. PL 56, figs. 630, 616. Smooth, dark chocolate with white longitudinal strigations. Length, 10-12 mill. Canary Islands. The type figured (fig. 630), is a narrower form than that depicted by Sowerby ; the latter corresponds very well, however, with a specimen before me, which I feel confident belongs to this species. T. SEMEk, Reeve. PL 56, fig. 618. Smooth ; yellowish white and chestnut-brown in alternate longitudinal narrow waved lines. Length, '5 inch. Philippines ; Polynesia : Sandwich hies. I add the localities following the Philippines, believing that T. flammulata, Pease, and T. zebrina, Garrett, both unfigured, will prove to be synonymous with T. semen. It seems to be closely allied to the typical form of T. zebrina, d'Orb., in coloring and shape. T. PUTILLUS, Pease. PL 56, fig. 617. Finely granulated by decussating lines; dark chocolate, with a narrow white superior band ; sometimes with a few white spots on the upper half of the shell. Length, '4 inch. Paumotus and Society Islands. T. TRUNCULUS, Sowb. PL 56, fig. 619. Polished, ventricose, chestnut-brown. Length, -25 inch. Habitat unknown. Described from a single specimen. PUSTA. 191 T. MURICULATA, Lam. PL 56, fig. 020. Orange yellow to dark chestnut, the shoulder and tubercles whitish. Length '65— *8 inch. Philippines ; Mauritius. vT. PATRIABCHALIS, Lam. PI. 56, figs. 621, 622, 625; PI. 58, fig. 689. Nodosely ribbed at shoulder of whorls, ribs becoming evanes- cent lower down; spirally incised, the striae becoming stronger towards the base, and occasionally raised into nodules or riblets ; above, they cross the ribs. Color varying from light yellow, through orange and red to dark chocolate, the ribs and usually upper part of body-whorl and spire white, the base of the shell with one or more interrupted white bands, or entirely suffused with white. Length, '6— *75 inch. Philippines ; Viti Islands. T. tuberosa, Reeve (fig. 622) is the }^onng of this species, and n. very immature specimen of it appears to be described and figured by Kiister as T. elegantula (fig. 625). T. PORPHYRKTICA, Reeve. PI. 56, fig. 626. Smooth, plicately ribbed, ribs angular, three or four revolving grauulous striae at base. Ash, chestnut, etc., with a broad white /one around the suture, and narrower ones marking the basal stria*, or entire base white. Length, *6 inch. Philippines, Viti and Samoa Islands. Differs from the preceding species in the longitudinal ribs being continuous over the body-whorl, less tuberculate above, closer and narrower, in the want of revolving sculpture except at the base ; the coloring is essentially the same, and it may be only a variety of T. patriarchalis. T. OSIDIRIS, Issel. PI. 56, iigs. 627, 628. White, with a central chestnut or chocolate band. Length, '9 inch. Red Sea. With longer spire and somewhat different coloring, this is very closely allied to the preceding species ; it differs from T. cadaverosa by its broader band and want of revolving sculpture, but appears to be intermediate between it and porphyretica. T, umbonata, Sowb. (fig. 628). is a synonym. 192 PUSIA. • T. TUMIDA, Reeve. PI. 56, fig. 629. Whorls swollen and angulated around the upper part, the angle with a few large nodules ; yellowish white, orange or reddish between the nodules and at the base, with a broad central chocolate band. Length, 1'5 inch. Australia. So close to the preceding species that I hesitated about separating them. The color is the same, but this shell is wider, and the nodules are less numerous and larger, with a decided shoulder on the whorls. T. INTERRUPTA, Anton. PI. 56, fig. 631. Whitish, with interrupted revolving lines of chestnut-brown, forming a central band, with traces of an inferior one. Length, '4 inch. Habitat unknown. Evidently immature. Not included in the genus by either Reeve or Sowerby, and I am unacquainted with it. T. NODULOSA, Pease. PI. 56, fig. 632. White, interruptedly encircled with brown below. Length, 10 mill. Paumotus. Appears to be very closely allied to, if not identical with T. interrupta, Anton. T. ENCAUSTA, Gould. PI. 56, fig. 633. Ash-colored, with eight or nine coarse longitudinal ribs, and deeply incised, regular revolving strise of a dusky color. Length, -35 inch. Fiji Islands. A young shell, the affinities of which I cannot make out, neither from the original figure and description, nor from an authentic specimen before me. T. SPECIOSA, Reeve. PI. 56, fig. 634. Pinkish white, with a central reddish-brown band, appearing only 011 the tops of the regular longitudinal ribs ; a row of spots above, and another below it ; aperture pink within. Length, '7 inch. Philippines, Mauritius, Cook's and Paumotus Is. 1 T. I'usio, Pliilippi. Longitudinally costate, nodulous above, granular al base, with revolving impressed strhx? ; white, with a narrow chestnut central band interrupted by the ribs. Length, -35 inch. Ifab. unknown. An untigured species, omitted by the iconographers, and unknown to me except by the short description. T. VARIATA, Reeve. PI. 56, fig. 635. Yellowish brown with a dark superior band, and a white band with dark margins below the middle. Length, '1 inch. Paumotus and Viti Islands, coral reefs. Animal light brown, spotted with yellowish white. T. frater- <-nla, Garrett, is a synonym. T. DISCORS, Grandidier. PI. 56, figs. 636, 63?. Spire and upper half of the body-whorl lilac or yellowish white, periphery with a narrow white band, lower half of body-whorl chestnut-brown. Length, '6 inch. Caroline Islands (Pease). I 4,mite with this species T. glabra, Pease (not Swains.), changed by Pease to T. lubrica (fig. 637). The original descrip- tion in Kiister has no locality, and the figure is poor, though recognizable. .T. NODOSA, Swainson. PI. 56, figs. 638-641. White, sometimes with a central brown band or row of spots interrupted by the tubercles, which cover the entire surface ; upper part of body-whorl with close impressed revolving striae ; aperture yellowish within. Length, '6--*l5 inch. Red Sea, Philippines, China. Polynesia, Mauritius. Mr. Garrett mentions a variety occurring at the Paumotus, having a slate-colored band articulated with orange-yellow. I unite with this species M. tuber culata, Kiener, M.fraga, Kiener (tig. 640), not Quoy, M. pinguis, Reeve (fig. 641), which is a juvenile, and M. cancellarioides, Anton. T. TUSA, Reeve. PL 56, fig. 642. Spire and upper portion of body-whorl white, with occasional brown spots, lower portion of body-whorl brown. Length, '4 inch. Philippines to Sandwich Is. ; Red Sea. Animal greenish white, marbled with chocolate-brown. 25 194 PUSIA. T. SEMITICA, Jickeli. PI. 56, fig. 623. Gray, lower half of body-whorl ferruginous. Length, 16 mill. Red N '/. I only know this species through the original description and figure. T. FESTA, Reeve. PI. 56, fig. 624. White, with a broad central brown band. Length, -5 inch. Philippines. Closely allied to, or perhaps synonymous with T. tusa, Reeve. T. PUPULA, Dunker. PI. 57, fig. 643. Reddish brown, with a white superior band, appearing on the spire. Length, *25 inch. Somoan Islands. Figured from an authentic specimen, received from the Grodef- froy Museum. T. ELEGANTULA, D unker. Small, white maculated with reddish brown, forming a tessel- lated series on the last whorl ; spire elate, whorls slightly angulated ; plicated, the interstices with revolving striae. Length, 15 mill. Samoan Islands. Has not been figured and the specimen before me is too immature for illustration. T. TRICOLOR, Gmelin. PI. 57, figs. 644-646, 651. Spire and upper portion of body-whorl distantly ribbed, sometimes smooth ; yellowish to chocolate, with a white band, and frequently maculated with red-brown or chocolate across or on either border of the band ; occasionally a second maculated band near the base. Length, -25-'35 inch. Mediterranean Sea. A very variable little shell, of which T. Savignii, Payr. (fig. 644), may be considered the typical ribbed form, and T. picta, Sandri, T. granum, Forbes (fig. 645), and T. littoralis, Forbes (fig. 646), smooth varieties. To these must be added a costate variety recently described by Issel, as var. pallida (fig. 651). M. Lowei, Dohrn,an unfigured species, from the Canary Islands, is probably a synonym. PUSIA. 195 T. SEMICOSTATA, AlltOll. Chestnut-brown, blotched with white on the spire. Length, -5 inch. Habitat unknown. The sculpture appears to be different from that of T. tricolor: it is a doubtful species. T. COLUMBELLARIA, Scacchi. PI. 51, figs. 641, 653. Yellowish to dark chocolate ; revolving striae becoming obso- lete in the middle of the body-whorl ; columella with two plaits. Length, -25 inch. Mediterranean Sea. Referred by some authors to the genus Columbella. The synonyms are T. obsoleta, Phil. ; T. olivoidea, Cantraine ; T. clandestine/,, Forbes (fig. 647) ; T. leontocroma, Brusina ; T. stria- tella, Calcara; T. Greci, Phil. (fig. 653), a Sicilian fossil. Three little Mitras are published by Brusina without figures : M. columbulse, M. striata, and M. typostigma, all from Dal- matia ; they are possibly all referable to this species. T. SUAVIS, Souverbie. PI. 51, fig. 648. Rose-color, with a broad white band margined with chestnut. Length, 5 '5 mill. New Caledonia. T. HANLEYI, Dohrn. PI. 51, fig. 654. Gray, maculated and banded with chestnut ; closely plicate longitudinally, with a median spiral sulcus, tuberculate at base. Length, 5 '5 mill. Habitat unknown. Said to resemble T. Columbellaria, but distinguished by its sculpture. * T. CORALLINA, Reeve. PI. 51, fig. 655. Amber or coral-red, ribs whitish. Length, -6 inch. Philippines. T. PUSTLLA, A. Adams. PI. 51, fig. 649. Yellowish white, banded above with orange or pink. Length, -5 inch. Habitat unknown. 196 CYLINDRA. T. ARTICULATA, Reeve. PI. 57, fig. 656. Pale pinkish scarlet, encircled with a small white brown- articulated zone. Length, '75 inch. Habitat unknown. T. ^MULA, E. A. Smith. PL 57, fig. 650. Blackish brown, with a narrow yellow line round the middle of the whorls, and yellow at the upper margin, and a second line on the last whorl rather below the middle ; clothed with an olive epidermis obscuring the coloring ; aperture dark-brown with two yellow bands, lirate far within. Length, 12 mill. Japan. Undetermined Species of Turricula. T. PYRAMIDALIS, A. Ad. Japan. T. CASTANEA, HOYTI, INSTRICTA, L^EVICOSTATA, MODICELLA, LUTEO- FUSCA, UNILINEATA, of Garrett. Polynesia. T. VIRGINALIS, Lesson. Tahiti. T. SEMIPLICATA, Lam. Adams' Genera. Nab. unknown. T. ELEGANTULA, Dunker. Samoan Islands. T. OLIVACEA, Anton. California. T. RUPOFILOSA, E. A. Smith. Solomon Islands. Genus CYLINDRA, Schum. C. NUCEA, Gronov. PI. 57, fig. 659. Smooth, or with obsolete impressed spiral lines towards the base. Yellowish white, with olive-black epidermal revolving lines^ partly aggregated into two broad, somewhat interrupted bands ; under the epidermis are six or eight spiral rows of minute punctations,of chestnut color, scarcely visible, but show- ing each a terminal dot on the margin of the lip ; aperture smooth, rosy white within. Length, l'5-2'5 inches. Polynesia. The animal is diluted white, foot and siphon margined with dashes of black and white. Reeve gives New Zealand as the localit}T of the species, which is an error. CYLINDRA. 1 97 VC. DACTYLUS, Linn. PI. 57, figs. 658, 664. Spire decussated, body-whorl with sometimes a slight shoulder. Whitish, clouded with chestnut-brown ; encircled with distant, narrow, closely punctate, incised In-own lines. Length, 1'25-1'75 inches. Philippines; Polynesia ; sand or sandy mud inside the reefs. C. obesa, Reeve, is a specimen covered with its greenish epidermis, and C. Potensis, Montr, (fig. 661) is a small, more cylindrical variety from New Caledonia. C. ORNATA, Schuberth and Wagner. PL 57, fig. 660. Thick, white, with close revolving series of red punctae. Length, 1*5 inches. Habitat unknown. I have copied the poor figure of this species — which has been passed over by both Reeve and Sowerby. Very probably it = C. dactylus. C. CRENULATA, Gmelin. PL 57, figs. 662-666. Cylindrical, with impressed, closely pitted revolving lines ; white, with waved clouds of chestnut-brown, frequently disposed in two or more broad interrupted bands of large spots. Length, 30-40 mill. Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Mauritius, Philippines, Polynesia. C. undulosa, Reeve (fig. 664), differs typically in six or eight of the revolving lines being colored, and the form is not quite so cylindrical ; it is connected by intermediate stages with G. crenu- lata. In C. radula, Sowb. (fig. 665), the form, and in some cases the coloring, of C. undulosa are preserved, but the growth-lines are close and deep, decussating the revolving lines and forming numerous little square tubercles at their intersection ; this also gradually shades off into the smoother typical form. It is not unlikely that this rough form will be found to be a connecting link in a chain of variations uniting C. crenulata with C. fenes- fru.ffi. C. arctata, Sowb. (fig. 660), is a variety witli more pro- duced spire, and two interrupted brown bunds ; it is included in the series of specimens before me. 198 CYLINDRA. C. SINENSIS, Reeve. PL 57, figs. 668, 670. Brownish white, marked with darker brown or uniform brown ; revolving ridges grariose. Length, 1 '5-1*75 inches. China. Distinguished from C. crenulata by its elaborate sculpture. C. lima, Sowerby (fig. 670) appears to be a smaller specimen of the same species. C. FENESTRATA, Lam. PL 57, figs. 671, 667. Thick, rudely folded longitudinally, the ribs sometimes almost obsolete ; crossed by regular, rather narrow revolving riblets and intervening grooves, the riblets become nodulous on the longi- tudinal folds ; color whitish or yellowish, revolving ribs very dark chocolate usually, sometimes uncolored. Length, 1-1*25 inches. Philippines ; Polynesia, in sand, inside coral reefs. C. glans, Reeve (fig. 667) has the revolving ribs uncolored. There can be no doubt of its identity, as in most specimens of C. fenestrata a portion of the whorl next the outer lip is pre- cisely like glans, and a broken specimen before me has been repaired with the orange-brown color characteristic of glans. C. PUNCTATA, Swainson. PL 57, fig. 669. Olive-brown, whorls encircled with engraved, punctate striae. Length, 1*25 inches. Habitat unknown. This shell is unknown in collections. C. NUX, Sowb. PL 57, fig. 657. Orange or chestnut-brown, closely lineated by incised, minutely punctured lines and irregularly spotted and clouded with white : aperture chestnut within. Length, '75 inch. Habitat unknown. Mr. Sowerby has figured but not described this species ; it appears to be distinct, and a very good specimen is included in the Swift Collection in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy. 1MBKICAR1A. 199 Conns IMBRICARIA, Schumacher. Distinguished l>y its (1onus-like shells, the colnmella with less numerous plic:it ions than most of the species of Ct/Hndra. The transition between this genus and the latter is gradual, some of the species placed in Cylindra, such as C. dactylus, being almost cone-shaped. I. CONICA, Schumacher. PI. 58, fig. 673. Yellowish or ash-color in darker and lighter clouds, encircled l>v equidistant narrow brown lines, and mottled by quadrangular white spots. Length, 1 inch. Philippines ; Polynesia. Gregarious in sand in sheltered places inside the reefs. It is lie Jfitra mannorata of Schuberth and Wagner, and the type of Swainson's genus Gomelix. I. CROUANI, Crosse. PL 58, fig. 674. Violet flesh-color, with irregular longitudinal whitish streaks; smooth. Length, 15 mill. Gulapagos. I. CONULUS, Lam. PL 58, fig. 6?2. Smooth, distantly spirally grooved at the base; yellowish brown, under a thin olivaceous epidermis, with revolving black- ish or brownish lines. Length, 1-1'25 inches. Philippines, in mud at the roots of mango trees. I. CITRINA, Reeve. PL 58, fig. 675. Smooth spire with rows of small tubercles; orange-brown, stained with livid chestnut. Length. 1'5 inches. Habitat unknown. I. CARBONACEA, Hinds. PL 58, figs. 676, 617. Spire smooth, body-whorl with a few engraved revolving lines towards the base; black, with traces of darker revolving lines. Length, *9 inch. Cape of Good Hope. Possibly equivalent to the preceding species. Very probably /. Rollandi, Bernard! (tig. <> 77), described from a. somewhat worn specimen, locality unknown, belongs here, although the spire is somewhat different. 200 1MBRICARIA. I. PUNCTATA, Swainson. PL 58, figs. 6*79-681. Yellowish white, clouded with a darker shade, apex black ; body-whorl encircled. with engraved, sometimes minutely punc- tured lines. Length, -5-'8 inch. Society Islands. With this species must be united M. conovula, Quoy, partly (fig. 681), and M. ossea, Reeve, a name given because Swainson had previously given that of punctata to a Mitra; M. truncata, Kiener (fig. 680), a poorly figured shell, may also be placed here for the present. I. LINEATA, Swainson. PI. 58, fig. 678. Yellowish, smooth, with revolving chestnut hair-like lines. Length, 1 inch. Inhabits the South Seas. This species has not been recognized by the monographers. It is described as smooth, yet I think it is merely a large punctata, which it much resembles in the spire and upper part of aperture. I. VIRGO, Swainson. PI. 58, fig. 683. Yellowish white, apex and base tipped with black-violet, spire much depressed, mucronate, upper portion of bodyrwhorl swollen. Length, '6 inch. Polynesia ? sand at low water. Although so bulbous, I cannot help thinking that this will prove to be an extreme variation of /. punctata. I. YANIKORENSIS, Quoy. PI. 58, figs. 684, 682. Encircled by closely punctured striae ; ashy, or reddish gray, whitish towards top of body-whorl and on the spire, ornamented with numerous minute white spots and streaks, edged with chestnut ; aperture chestnut within. Length, '65-'9 inch. Philippines ; Polynesia, in sandy mud at low water. I find no good reason for the separation from this species of I. DeburgMx, Sowb. (fig. 682), recently described from Taheiti. INDEX To GENERA AND SPECIES, INCLUDING SYNONYMY, Abbatis (Voluta Mitra), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, f. 1709, 1710. M. contracta, Swainson. Abbreviata (Desmoulea), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3478 65 Abbreviata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 828, 1874 122 Abyssicola (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 100, 1851 47 Abyssicola (Voluta), Adams & Reeve. Voy. Samar., 25, t. 7, f. 6 100 Abyssinica (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 8, 1877 63 Achatina (Bullia), Lam. An. s. Vert., x, 158. = B. digitalis, Meusch. Aciculina, H. & A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 121. = S. G. of Nassa, Mart 6 Acinosa (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 154, 1850; Moll. Wilkes' Exped., 262, f. 329. — N. Gruneri, Bunker. Acuminata (Mitra), Swains. Zool. 111., 2d ser., t. 128 153 Aeuminata (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 78, 1880 63 Acupicta (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 76, 1844 179 Acuta (Mitra), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 797, t. 48, f. 7, 8, 1878. = M. annulata, Reeve. Acuta (Nassa), Say. Jour. Philad. Acad., ii, 234, 1822. = N. ambigua, Mont. Acuta (Nassa), Carpenter (not Say). Mazat. Cat,, 497, 1857. = M. pagoda, Rve. Acutangula (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 9, 1877 - 63 Acuticostata (Nassa), Montr. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., iv, 273, t. 10, f. 8, 1864. = N. monile, Kiener, var. Jacksoniana. Acutidentata (Nassa), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 212, t. 20, f. 46, 1879... 46 Acutilirata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 129, f. 273, 274, 1874 141 Acutimargo (Bucc.), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 55, 1851 62 Adamsi (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 205, 1861. = M. dermestina, Lam. Adamsiana (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, No. 1387. = N. stigmaria, A. Ad. Adamsoni (Mitra), Gray, Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 150, 1844 144 Adansonii (Mitra), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 155, 1848. Undetermined. Adansonii (Mitra), Kiener. H. & A. Adams' Genera, i, 173. == M. Adamsonii, Gray. Adinus, H. & A. Adams. Genera, i, 114. = S. G. of Bullia, Gray 6 Adumbrata (Mitra), Souv. Jour, de Conch., 379, t. 13, f. 6, 1876 161 Adusta (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim., vii, 303 148 JEgra (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 252, 1845 139 .Euiula (Mitra), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 215, t. 20, f. 52, 1879 194 ^Ethiopica (Turricula), Jickeli. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., i, 47, t. ii, f. 9, 1874. 180 .Ethiopica (Nassa), Marrat. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser., xii, 426, 1873. 64 JEthiopica (Melo), Linn. Syst. Nat., 1195 81 ^Ethiops (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 324, 1845. = M. Woldemarii, Kiener 158 Affinis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 26, f. 211, 1844. = M. aureolata, Swn. 202 INDEX. Affinis (Mitra), Lesson. Rev. Zool., 142, 1842. ? = M. filum, Wood. Africana (Voluta), Reeve. Zool. Proc., i, t. 33, f. 3, 4, 1856 95 Afrum (Bucc.), Phil- Zeit. Mai., 56. 1851 Agapeta (Nassa), Watson. Marrat, Vars., No. 1337 64 Aidone, H. & A. Adams. Genera, i, 172. = Mitra, Lam. 129 Alauda (Mitra), Quoy. Sowb , Thes. Conch., f. 134, 136, 158, 1874. = T. Deshayesii, Reeve. Alba (Mitra), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., 215, t. 15, f. 8, 1867 129 Alba (Nassa), Say. Jour. Philad. Acad., v, 212, 1826 50 Albescens (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 170, 1846; Phil., Abbild. Bucc., 68, t. 2, f. 15 7 51 Albicostata (Mitra), C. B. Ad. Cont. Conch., 57, 1850. = T. dermestina, Lam. Albina (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc, 137, 1851 129 Albipunctata (Nassa), Reeve. Icon., f. 144, 1853. = N. fissilabris, A. Ad. Albofasciata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 300, 1874. — M. lugubris, Swn. Albomaculata (Mitra), A. Ad. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f. 449, 1874 158 Albopunctata (Northia), Adams & Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 33", t. 11, f. 21. 9 Alcithoe, H. & A. Adams. Genera, i, 164, 1853. = Voluta, Linn, sect... 94 Alectrion, Montfort. Conch. Syst.. ii, 566, 1810. = S. G. of Nassa, Mart.. 6 Algida (Nassa), Reeve. Icon., f. 145, 1853. = N. picta, Dunker, var.. 36 Alveolus (Mitra) Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 334, 1845 184 Amabilis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch Icon., f. 274, 1845 189 Amanda (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 318, 1845 176 Ambigua (Mitra), Swains. Zool. 111., 2d ser., t. 30, f. 2 147 Ambigua (Nassa). Mont. Test. Brit., t. 9, f. 7 42 Americana (Voluta), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 2, t 33, f. 1, 2, 1856 94 Amuena (Mitra), A. Ad. ' Zool. Proc., 137, 1851. = M. annulata, Reeve. Amoria, Gray. Zool. Proc., 64, 1855. = Voluta, Linn, sect 92 Amphora (Voluta), Solander. Gray, Zool. Proc., 54, 1855. — Melo diadema, Lam. Amphorella (Mitra), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 316. = M. scutulata, Lam. Ampullacea (Bullia), Deshayes. An. s. Vert., x, 293. = B. globulosa, Kiener. Anais (Mitra), Lesson. Rev. Zool., 142, 1842 157 Analogica (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 293, 1845. ? = M. funerea, Reeve. Ancilla (Voluta). Kiener. Monog., t. 52. = V. Magellanica, Lam. Ancilla (Voluta), Solander. Portl. Cat., No. 1873 97 Ancilloides (Mitra) Swainson. Brod., Zool. Proc., 1835 162 Andamanica (Turricula), G. & H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng.-, 99, t, 8, f, 19, 20, 1875. = T. obeliscus, Rve. Angasi (Voluta), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 29. = V. undulata, Lam. Angiostoma (Thala), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 216, t. 15, f. 9, 1867. = T. cernica, Sowb., var. Angulata (Voluta) Swains. Exot. Conch., t. 3, 4 98 Angulata (Nassa), Thorpe. Marrat, Vars , No. 906 64 Angulifera (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 109, 1851. . = N. pagoda, Reeve. Angulosa (Mitra), Kiister. Conch. Cab., t. 12, f. 8, 9 .' 169 Angustata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 671, 1874. — M. cernica, Sowb. Anna (Voluta), Lesson. Zool. Illust,, 1832. = L. costata, Swains. Annellifera (Nassa), Reeve. Icon., f, 168, 1853 40 Annulata (Bullia), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 156 14 * INDEX. 203 VAOE. Aniuilata (Mitra), Reeve, Conch. Icon., t. IDS. 1814 140 Aiioinalum (Teinostoma), C. B. Ad. = Rotcllidio. Ansulata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 3c8, 1874. = T. dermestina, Lam, Ainliracina (Mitra), Reeve. U-on.. 1. l:',7. 1814 158 Anthracina (Nassa), Garrett. Proc'. Tliilad. Ac-ad., ±>9. t. a, f. 57, 1873. 38 Antillarum (Nassa), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 1:19, 1818. = N. vibex, Say. Antillarum (Nassa), Orb. Moll. Tuba, ii, 141, t. 23, f. 1-3, 185:!. = N. ambigua. Mont. Antonelli (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 367, 1860. = M. militaris, Rve., var. Antonue (Mitra), II. Adams. Zool. Proc.. 788, 1870. =M. pretiosa, Reeve. Antonii (Mitra;, Kiister. Conch. Cab., 77, t. 14, f. 11-13, 1841. ? = M. Adamsonii, Gray. Antonii (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 368, 1860 159 Aperta (Bullia), Chemn. Morch, Cat. Yoldi, 76. = B. digitalis, Meusch. Aperta (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. b20, 321, 1874 185 Apicata (Mitra), Reeve. H. & A.Adams' Genera, 1, 179 158 Appellii (Mitra), Jickeli. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., i, 39, 1874. = T. cadaverosa, Reeve, var. Approximata (Mitra), Pease. Zool. Proc., 146, 1860 186 Approximata (Nassa), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 282, 272, t. 23, f 3, 1867. =N. taenia, Gmel. Arabica (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 206, t. 26, f. 4? 1861. = M. maculosa, Reeve. Arabica (Voluta), Martyn. Univ. Conch., t. 52. = V. Pacifica, Soland. Arausiaca (Voluta), Solander (ubi?), teste Gray. = V. vexillum, Lam. Archeri (Voluta), Angas. Zool. Proc., 55, t. 2, f. 4, 5, 1865 104 Archiepisccpalis (Mitra), Lam. Anim., vii, 302. = M. -cardinalis, Gmelin. Arctata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 188, 1874 196 Arcularia, Link. Rost. Samml., iii, 126, 1807. = S. G. of Nassa, Mart. 6 Arcularia (Nassa), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, xii, 1200 24 Ardeola (Turbinella), Valenc. Observ. 283. = Vasum muricatum, Born. Arenacea (Mitra), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 51, 1852 136 Arenosa (Mitra), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 3-38. = Turricula exasperata, Gmelin. Areolatum (Bucc.), Tiberi. = Lachesis Lefebvrei, Marav. Argentea (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 9, t. 1, f. 21, 1877. •.' N. tenella. Reeve. Armata (Melo), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 376. - M. diadema, Lam. Armata (Bullia), Gray. Zool. Beechey Voy. 126, 1839 14 Armata (Turbinella), Brod. Zool. Proc., 8, 1833. = Vasum ceramicum, Linn. Armiger (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 288, 1845. = T. fusiformis, Kiener. Armillata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 315, 1845. = T. cruentata, Chemn., var, Arracanensis (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 473, 1874 178 Articulata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 302, 1845 194 Ascanias (Buccinum), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 173. = Nassa incrassata, Strom. Asperrima (Mitra), Dohrn. Mai. Blatt, viii, 138, 1862 181 Asperulata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc , 136, 1851 159 Asperulum (Buccinum), Phil. Moll. Sicil., 220. = N. incrassata, Strom. 204 INDEX. Assimilis (Turricula), Garrett. Zool. Proc., 841, 1872. = M. Garrettii, G. and H. Nevill. Assimilis (Mitra), Pease. Am. Journ. Conch., 211, t. 15, f. 1, 1867. = M. coronata, Lam., juv. Asteriscus (Cyclops), Michaud. Coll. = C. pellucida, Risso. Astricta (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 188, 1844 154 Astyagis (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 367, 1860. = M. carinata, Swn., var. Athleta, Conrad. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philad., vi, 449, 1853 77 Attenuata (Mitra), Reeve. Icon., f. 45, 1844. = M. ambigua, Swn., var. fulva. Attenuata (Mitra), Swains. Brod., Zool. Proc., 1835. = M. sulcata, Swn. Attenuata (Nassa), Gray. Voy. Blossom, 127, 1839 62 Auguria (Voluta), Solander. = Cymbium Neptuni, Gmel. Aulica (Voluta), Solander, Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., t. 6 87 Aulica (Voluta), Kiener. Monog., t. 47, f. 1. = V. rutila, Brod. Aulica, Gray. H. and A. Adams (partim) Genera i, 160, 1853. = Voluta, Linn., sect 87 Aurantia (Mitra), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3454 147 Aurantia (Mitra), Swains. Brod., Zool. Proc., 1835. ^= T. pyramidalis, Reeve. Aurantiaca (Mitra), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 330. == M. aurantia, Gmelin. Aureolata (Mitra), Swainson MSS. Reeve, Icon.,, f. 209, 1844 188 Auriculoides (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icgn., f. 228, 1845 ,. 154 Aurinia, H. and A. Adams' Genera, i, 166, 1853. = Voluta, Linn., sect... 101 Aurora (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 205, 1861. = M. coronata, Lam. Ausoba, H; and A. Adams. Genera i, 160, 1853. = Valuta, Linn., sect... 99 Australia? (Voluta), Cox. Zool. Proc., 643, t. 52, f. 1, 1871 91 Australis (Truncaria), Angas. Zool. Proc., 172, t. 26, f. 5, 1877 9 Australis (Nassa), A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 272, 1851.. 63 Australis (Mitra), Sw?inscn. Zool. Illust., 1st ser., t. 18 126 Australis (Microvoluta), Angas. Zool. Proc.. 35, L 5, f. 2, 1877 105 Autumnalis (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 367, 1860 159 Avenacea (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 246, 1845. = M. flammea, Quoy. Babylonica (Nassa), Watson. Marrat, Vars. No. 922 64 Bacillum (Mitra), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 331 141 Badia (Mitra), Reeve. "Conch. Icon., f. 157, 1844. — M. testacea, Swains. Badia (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 107, 1851. — N. tsenia, Gmel. Balteata (Nassa), Lischke. Mai. Blatt, xvi, 107. 1869. = N. tenuis, E. A. Smith. Balteata (Nassa), Pease. Am. Journ. Conch., v, 70, t. 8, f. 5, 1869 47 Balteolata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 54, 1844 166 Barbadensis (Mitra), Gmelin. Syst. Nat, 3455 118 Barclay! (Mitra), Hani. Thes. Conch-., f. 225, 612, 1874. = Mitroidea infecta, Reeve. Barclayi (Mauritia), H. Adams. Zool. Proc., 273, t. 19, f. 5, 1869. = Mitroidea multiplicata, Pease. Barclayana (Mitra), Robillard. Trans. Roc. Soc. Maurit., iii, 106. = M. fulva, Swn., var. Beata (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 330, 1860 63 Beauii (Voluta), Fischer and Bernardi. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser. i, 296, t. 9, f. 1, 2, 1857 102 Beckii (Voluta), Brod. Zool. Proc., 43, 1847 97 Bednalli (Voluta), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, iii, 81, t. 8. f. 3. 89 Belangeri (Bullia), Kiener. Coq. Viv^ t. 14, f. 48 16 IN HEX. 205 PAGE. Belcberi (Mitra), Hinds. Ann. Nat, Hist,, xi, 205; Voy. Sulphur, 40, t. 11, f. 1, 2 139 Bella (Mitra), A. Ad. Sowb.. Thes., f. 377, 1874. = Turricula bells. Pease. Bella (Turricula). Tease, /ool Proc., 145, 18GO. = T. militaris, Reeve, var. cophina. Bella (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa. 9, 1877 »'>:; Bellula (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 102, 1851. = N. leptospirn, A. Ad. Bellula (Mitroidea). A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 138, 1851 163 Bernardina (Mitra filaris, var.), Phil. Zeit. Mai.. 20, 1850 138 Bertha (Mitra), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 797, t. 48, f. 11, 1878 168 Bibalteata (Nassa), Pease. Marrat, Vars., No. 932 64 Bicallosa (Nassa), Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 543, t, 30, f. 1, 1876. = N. picta, Bunker, var 36 Bicolor (Mitra), Swainson. Zool. Illust. = M. casta, Lam., juv. Bicolor (Nassa), Hombr. and Jacq. Voy. au Pol. sud, 84, t. 21, f. 41, 42, 1854. = N. albescens, Dunker. Bicolor (Bucc.), Phil. Zeit, Mai., 50, 1851 62 Bicolor (Turricula), Garrett, Jour, of Conch., iii, 38, 1880 , 188 Bifaria (Nassa), Baird. Curasoa, 436, t. 38, f. 1, 2: Zool. Proc , 187S, 808, t. 50, f. 7. = N. hirta, Kiener, var. Bifasciata (Mitra), Swainson. Zool. Illust,, i, t. 35, ii, t. 88. = M. caffra, Lam. Bilineata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 294, 1845. ? = M. funerea, Reeve. Bimaculosa (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 102, 1851. = N. Thursites, Brug 25 Biplicata (Mitra), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv. = M. ebenus, Lam. Birmanicum (Bucc.), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 57, 1851 62 Bizonalis (Columbella), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 209. = Mitra litterata, Lam. Boissaci (Mitra), Montrouz. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iii, 373, 1859; iv, 118, 1800. = M. fulgetrum, Reeve, var. Bonellii (Nassa), d'Orb. Prodr., iii, 176. = N. mutabilis, Linn. Bovei (Mitra). Kiener. Iconog., t. 2, f. 5 115 Bowerbanki (Buccinum), Michelotti. Foss. Mioc. It., 211. = Nassa reticulata, Linn. Brasiliana (Voluta), Solander. Portl. Cat., 186, No. %958 <>8 Brazieri (Voluta), Cox. Zool. Proc., 568, t. 48, f. 8, 1873 100 Brevicaudata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 359. = T. cadaverosa, Reeve. Brevicula (Mitra), Souv. Jour, de Conch., 378, t. 13, f. 5, 1876 161 Broderipi (Voluta), Gray. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3 ser., xiv, 237, 1864. = V. Turneri, Gray. Broderipii (Melo), Gray. Griffith's Animal Kingdom, Suppl., t. 26. = M. /Ethiopica, Linn., var. Bronni (Mitra), Dunker. Mai. Blatt, vi, 229, 1860 187 Bronnii (Nassa), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 137, 1848 ; Abbild., iii, Buc., t. 1, f. 17. =s N. coronata, Brug 23 Brumalis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 280, 1845. 3= M. pellis-serpentis, Reeve. Brunnea (Mitra), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 215, 233, t, 15, f. 7, 1867. 153 Brychia (Nassa), Watson, Marrat, Vars., No. 722 64 Buccinanops, d'Orb. Voy. Am. Merid., 1841. = S. G. of Bullia, Gray. ...5, l:J Buccinata (Mitra), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., ii, 653, t. 45 bis, f. 14, 15. =: M. glabra, Swains. Buccinoidea (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 411, 1874 173 206 INDEX. PAGE. Bucculenta (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 79, 1880. = N. glans, L., var. suturalis. Bulimoides (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 224. 1845. = M. testaeea, Swainson. Bullata (Nassa), Marrat. NCAV Forms of Nassa, 5, 1877. = N. monile, Kiener. Bullata (Voluta), Swains. Zool. 111., ii 100 Bullia, Gray. Griffith's Cuvier, t. 37, 1834 5, 10 Burchardi (Nassa), Dunker. Phil. Abbild., iii, t. 2, f. 14, 1849. = N. Jonasi, Dunker 26 Cadaverosa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 161, 1844 181 Cselata (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 97, 1851. = N. Siquijorensis, A. Ad. Cselata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 265, 1845 175 Cseligena (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 227, 1845. ? = M. crassa, Swainson. Cserulea (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 81, 1880 63 Cserulea (Mitra), Reeve. Coneh. Icon., f. 113, 1844 114 Csesia, H. and A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 120. = S. G. of Nassa, Mart. Caestus (Turbinella), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 8, 1833. = Vasum muricatum, Born. Caffra (Mitra), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit, 12, 1192 167 Caffra (Voluta), Delle-Chiaje. Poli, iii, 36, t. 46, f. 52. — Mitra ebenus, Lam. Caledonica (Mitra), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., iv, 248, t. 7, f. 7, 1853. = M. tabanula, Lam. Californica (Schizopyga), Conrad. Pac. R. R. Rept., vi, 69, t. 2, f. 1, 1856. ? = Nassa perpinquis, Hinds. Caliginosa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 121, 1844 120 Callipara, Gray. Zool. Proc., 62, 1855. = Voluta, Linn., sect 100 Callithea, Swainson. Malacol., 320, 1840. = Turricula, Klein 164 Callosa (Bullia), Gray. Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl 11 Callosa (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 98, 1851 26 Callosa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 251, 1845 126 Callospira (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 102, 1851. = N. callosa, A. Ad. Callosum (Bucc.), Dujardln. Mem, Geol., ii, 298, t. 20, f. 5-7. — Nassa mutabilis, Linn. Calmeilii (Nassa), Payr. Moll. Corse., 160, t. 8, f. 7-9. = N. corniculum, Olivi. Canaliculata (Voluta), McCoy. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser., iv, 34, t. 3, f. 1, 2, 140, 1869 93 Canaliculata (Nassa), Lam. An. sans Vert. (Desh. Edit.), x, 161 31 Cancellaria (Nassa), Potiez et Mich. Gall, des Moll., 374, t, 32, f. 3, 4... 62 Cancellaroides (Mitra), Anton. Verzeichn., 68, 1839. = T. nodosa, Swn. Cancellata (Nassa), Chemn. = N. reticulata, Linn. Cancellata (Mitra), Kiener. Iconog., t. 30, f. 98 117 Cancellata (Mitra), Swainson. Zool. Illust., 1st ser 119 Cancellata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 99, 1851 26 Cancilla, Swainson. Malac., 320, 1840. = Mitra, Lam., section 138 Candei (Nassa), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 142, t. 23, f. 4-6, 1853. = N. ambigua, Mont. Candens (Nassa), Hinds. Voy. Sulph., 35, t. 9, f. 6, 7, 1844 53 Candida (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 328, 1845..... 150 Candidissima (Nassa), Ad. Bost. Proc., ii, 2, 1845 62 Canescens (Nassa), C. B. Ad. Pan. Cat. No. 43, 1852. = N. pagoda, Rve. INDEX. 207 PAGE. Capense (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit, Mai., 110, 1846 33 Capensis (Mitra), Dunker. Reeve, Icon., f. 268, 1845 125 Caperata (Nassa), Phil. Abbild. Bucc., t. 2, f. 18. = N. pauperata, Lam. Capillata (Mitra), Gould. Bost, Proc., iii, 171, 1850. = M. retusa, Lam. rapitellum (Vasum), Linn. Mus. Ulric., 633 73 Carbonacea (Imbricaria), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 41, t. 11, f. 9, 10, 1844. 198 Carbonaria (Mitra), Swains. Bligh Catal. Ex. Conch., App. = M. melaniana, Lam. Cardinalis (Mitra), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3458 Ill Caricella, Conrad. Tertiary Foss., 44. 1835. = S. G. of Turbinella, Lam. 67 Carinata (Mitra), Swainson. Zool. 111., 2d ser 142 Carinata (Fastigiella), Reeve. = Cerithiidae. Carinilirata (Mitra), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., xi, 335, 1871 ; xii, 49, 1872. = M. proscissa, Reeve. Carneolata (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 393. = V. musica, Linn. Carnicolor (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 164, 1844 139 Cassidiforme (Turbinella), Val. Kiener, Monog., 20, t. 9, f. 1. = T. rhinoceros, Gmel. Cassidula (Voluta), Reeve. Icon., f. 60 103 Casta (Turricula), H. Adams. Zool. Proc., 9, t. 3, f. 2, 1872 177 Casta (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 304 130 Casta (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 154, 1850; Moll. Wilkes' Exped., 261, f. 328 _ 33 Castanea (Turricula), Garrett. Jour, of Conch., iii, 42, 1880 195 Castanea (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 140, 1851 127 Catenata (Mitra), Swainson. Brod., Zool. Proc., 1835 178 Cathcartise (Voluta), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 2, t, 33, f. 5, 6, 1856 88 Cavea (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 149. = T. dermestina, Lam. Cecillii (Bucc.), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 27, 1848, = Cantharus. Ceramicum (Vasum), Linn. Mus. Ulric, 634 72 Ceraunia (Voluta), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., xx, 148, t. 4, f. 1, 1880. = V. Riickeri, Crosse, var. Cernica (Mitra), G. & H. Nevill. Jour. Asia*, Soc. Beng., 24, t. 1, f. 9, 1874. = T. mediomaculata, Sowb. Cernica (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 670. 1874 161 Chalybeia (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 59 116 Chelonia (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 289, 1845. ? = M. ebenus, Lam. Chilensis (Mitra), Gray. Kiener, Icon., 26, t. 10, f. 28. = M. Maura, Swainson. Chinense (Bucc.), Phil. Zeit. Mai , 57, 1851 62 Chinensis (Mitra), Gray. Beechey's Voy., 125, t. 35, f. 2, 1839 120 Chinensis (Fulgoraria), Schum. Essai Nouv. Syst., 242, 1817. = V. rupestris, Gmel. Chlorosina (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 392. — V. musica, L. Choava (Mitra), Reeve. Icon., f. 135, 1844 158 Chrysalis (Mitra), Reeve. Icon., f. 200, 1844 144 Chrysame, H. & A. Adams. Genera, i, 171. ;== Mitra, Lam., section 143 Chrysostoma (Voluta), Swainson. Exot. Conch., t. 45. = V. luteostoma, Desh. Chrysostoma (Mitra), Swains. Zool. Proc.. 1836 155 Cimelium (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 260, 1845. = T. militaris, Reeve. Cincta (Mitra), Meuschen. H. & A. Adams' Genera, i, 169 1-7> Cinctella (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 110, 1851. ? = N. cinctella, Gld. Cinctella (Mitra), Lam. An. sans Vert, vii, 309 167 208 INDEX. Cinctella (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 154, 1850; Moll. Wilkes' Exped., 260, f. 327 41 Cineracea (Turricula), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 311, 1845 171 Cineracea (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 311, 1845. ? = M. daedala, Reeve. Cinerea (Mitra), Reeve. H. & A. Adams' Genera, i, 177 158 Cingenda (Nassa), Marrat. Vars., No. 1451 64 Cingulata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 136, 1851 143 Cingulata (Mitra), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 28, 1850 152 Cinisculus (Nassa), Reeve. Iconog., f. 146, 1853. = N. vibex, Say. Cinnamomea (Volutomitra), A, Ad. Zool. Proc., 134, 1854 159 Cinnamomea (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 107, 1851. = N. taenia, Gmel. Circulata (Mitra), Kiener. Iconog., t. 5, f. 13. = M. filaris, L., var. Circumcincta (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 102, 1851. =i N. gibbosula, L. var 25 Cisium (Cymbium), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 380 79 Cithara (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 248, 1845 186 Cithara (Voluta), Solander. Gray, Zool. Proc. 54, 1855. = Melo armata, Lam. Citharoidea (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 203, 1862 136 Citrina (Mitra), Reeve. Icon., f. 215, 1834 198 Clandestina (Nassa), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4 ser., v, 426, 1870. ? = N. gaudipsa, Hinds. Clandestina (Mitra), Forbes. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 263. = T. Columbellaria, Sc. Clara (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 652, 1874. = M. ferruginea, Lam. Clara (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 7, 1877 63 Clathrata (Nassa), Kiener (not Lam.). Monog., t. 27, f. 108. = N. globosa, Quoy 26 Clathrata (Nassa), Lam. Encyc., t. 394, f. 5. := N. gemmulata, Lam. Clathrata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 71, 1844 170 Clathrata (Nassa), Born. Mus., 261. t. 9, f. 17, 18 , 58 Clathratula (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 99, 1851. = N. cinctella, Gould. 41 Clathrus (Mitra), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3457. = M. crenifera, Lam. Clavata (Turbinella), Wagner. Conch. Cab., xii, 99, t. 227, f. 4018. — T. pyrum, Linn. Clavulus (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 338 158 Cleryana (Voluta), Petit. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., i, 182, t. 6, f. 3, 4, 1856 ; 3 ser., xix, 5, 1879. = V. Americana, Reeve. Coarctata (Nassa), Eichw. Lith., 923. = N. mutabilis. Linn. Coarctata (Mitra), Swainson. Reeve, Icon., f. 145, 1844 153 Coccinea (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 49, 1844 165 Coccinella (Nassa), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 274. = N. incrassata, Strom. Cochinensis (Nassa), Thorpe. Marrat, Vars., No. 908. Cochlidium (Buccinum), Kiener. Monog., 10 13 Collaria (Nassa), Gould. C. B. Ad., Panama Shells, 59. = N. scabriuscula, Powis. Collinsoni (Mitra), A. Ad. Jour. Linn. Soc., vii, 200, 1864 172 Colocynthis (Voluta), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, t. 175, f. 1695, 1696. = V. Braziliana, Soland. Coloratum (Buccinum), Eichw. Vollh. u. Pod., 122. = Nassa reticulata, Linn. Columbella (Voluta), Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 260, f. 123 105 Columbellseformis (Mitra), Kiener. Iconog., t. 15, f. 46. =• M. limbifera, Lam. Columbellaria (Mitra), Scacchi. Cat., p. 10, f. 13 194 INDEX. 209 Columbellaria (Mitra), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 660. = M. Columbellina, A. Ad. Columbellina (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 141, 1851 158 Columbulrc (Mitra), Brusina. Verb. Zool. bot. Gesell. Wien, xv, 14, 18G5. 194 Compacta (Nassa), Angas. Zool. Proc., 154, 1865. = N. tringa, Souverb. Complanata (Nassa), Powis. Zool. Proc., 96, 1835 33 Compressa (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 50, 133, 1874. — T. taeniata, Sowb. Compta (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 134, 1851. =T. militaris, Reeve, var. Compta (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 107, 1851. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Concentrica (Mitra) Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 128, 1844. = M. mucronata, Swains. Concentrica (Nassa), Marrat. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser., xiii, 71, 1874; New Forms, 7 48 Concinna (Voluta), Brod. Zool. Proc., 43, 1836; Crosse, Jour, de Conch., xix, 302, t. 12, f. 7 99 Concinna (Nansa), Powis. Zool. Proc., 95, 1835 - 48 Concinna (Nassa), Reeve (not Powis). Icon., f. 82. = N. Concentrica, Marr. Concinna (Mitra), Reeve. Conch: Icon., f. 203. = T. crocata, Lam. Conferta (Nassa), Martens. Marrat, Vars., No. 1463 ; 64 Conica (Imbricaria), Schum. Essai Nov. Gen., 1817 .' 197 Coniformis (Voluta), Cox. Jour, de Conch., xix, t. 4, f. 1, 1871 100 Conoelix, Swainson. Zool 111., t. 24, 1821 ; Malac., 129, 321, 1840. — Imbricaria, Schum. Conoidalis (Nassa), Desh. Voy. Belang., 433, t. 3, f. 6, 7. = N. gemmulata, Lam. Conomitra, Conrad. Am. Jour, Conch., i, 25, 1865 109 Conovula (Mitra), pars, Quoy. Voy. Astrol., t. 45, bis, f. 22. = M. olivseformis, Swains. Conovula (Mitra), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., ii, 655, t. 45 bis, f. 18-21. = Imbricaria punctata, Swn. Consanguinea (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 241. = T. dermestina, Lam., var. Consensa (Nassa), Ravenel. Proc. Philad. Acad., 43, 1861. ? = N. ambigua, Mont. Consolidata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 271, 1874. = M. proscissa, Reeve. Conspersa (Nassa), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 138, 1848 36 Contracta (Mitra), Kiener. Iconog., 24, t. 9, f. 25. — M. chrysostoma, Swn. Contracts (Mitra), Swains. Zool. Illust., 1 ser. i, t. 18 120 Conularis (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit, Desh., x, 338 158 Conulus (Imbricaria), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 329 197 Conus (Mitra), Reeve. Conch., Icon.,f. 73. = Imbricaria conulus, Lam. Cookii (Mitra), Hanley. Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 78, f. 228, 1874 129 Cooperi (Nassa), Forbes. Zool. Proc., 273, t. 11, f. 4, 1850. = N. mendica, Gld., var. Cophina (Mitra), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 171, 1850. = T. militaris, Reeve, var. Coppingeri (Nassa), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 30. t. 4, f. 7, 1881 56 Corallina (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 330, 1845 194 Corbicula (Mitra), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 258, 1870 172 Cordieri (Mitra), Marav. Rev. Zool., 325, 1840. = M. ebenus, Lam., var. Coriacea (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 231, 1845. ? = M. lugubris, Swn., juv. 27 210 INDEX. Cornea (Mitra), Lamarck. Ann. duMus., xvii, 241. = M. cornicula, Linn. Cornicula (Mitra), Linnaeus. Edit., xii, 1191 122 Cornicula (Mitra), Kisso. Eur. Merid., iv, 242. = M. ebenus, Lam. Cornicularis (Mitra), Lam. Ann. du Mus , xvii, 210. = M. cornicula, Linn. Cornicularis (Mitra), Costa. Cat. Syst., 73. = M. ebenus, Lam., var. costata. Corniculum (Nassa). Olivi. Zool. Adriat., 144 37 Cornigera (Turbinella), Lam. Hist. vii. 105. = Vasum turbinellum, Linn. Corona (Voluta), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 142, t. 148, f. 1387, 1388. = V. cymbiola, Sowb. Coronata (Nassa), Brug. Diet. No. 46; Lam., Edit. Desh., x, 180 23 Coronata (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim.. vii, 317 148 Coronata (Voluta), Kiener, t. 41, f. 1. = V. cymbiola, Sowb. Coronata (Mitra), Schum. Essai Nouv. Syst., 336, 1817. • — M. crenulata, Gmelin. Coronata (Nassa), Lam., var. "Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 32, f. 11, 12. = N. monile, Kiener. Coronatum (Bucc.), Martyn. Univ. Conch. =V. Hebrsea, Linn. Coronula (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 96, 1851. = N. tiarula, Kiener. Corpulenta (Nassa), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat, No. 45, 1852. = N. dentifera, Powis. Corrugata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 110, 1851 63 Corrugata (Nassa), Marratt. Vars. of Nassa, Nos. 1298-1300 64 Corrugata (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim., vii, 308 168 Corrugata (Mitra), Wood. Index Test. = M. exasperata, Gmelin. Corruscans (Bucc.), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 58, 1851 62 Corticata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 98, 1.851. = N. monile, var. Jacksoniana. Costata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 98, 1851. = N. hirta, Kiener. Costata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 114, 1851. = N. labiata, A. Ad. Costata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 98, 1851. = N. hirta, Kiener. Costata (Lyria), Swains. Jour. Sci., 33, 1824 103 Costellaria, Swainson. MalacoL, 320, 1840. = Turricula, Klein, sect 169 Costellaris (Mitra), Lamarck. An. sans Vert., vii, 308 166 Costellifera (Nas-sa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 113, 1851. = N. cremata, var. margaritifeia, D. Kr. Costulata (Nassa), Renieri. Conch. Adriat. = N. Cuvieri, Payr 52 Costulata (Nassa), Anton. Verzeichn., 92, 1839 62 Coturnix (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 59, 1853 ; Novit, Conch., 97, t. 32, f. 7, 8. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Crassa (Desmoulea), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 113, 1851. = D. pinguis, A. Ad. Crassa (Mitra), Swainson. Zool. Illust , 1st ser 147 Crassa (Nassa), Koch. Phil. Abbild., 43; Buccinum, t. 1, f. 4 42 Crassicostata (Nassa), Marrat, New Forms of Nassa, 6, 1877. = Var. of N. Cuvieri, Payr., 63 Crassicostata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch. No. 285, f. 387, 1874. = M. vexillum, Reeve. Cratitia (Mitra), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 132, 1851 115 Crebralis (Mitra), Lamarck. H. and A. Adams' Genera, i, 170 158 Crebrilineata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 122, f. 626, 1874 138 Crebrflineata (Nassa), Hombr. et Jacq., Voy. Astrol. et Zel., v, 81, t, 21, f. 33, 34, 1853. = N. concinna, Powis. Crebrilirata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 92, 1844. = M. polita, Reeve, var 178 LNDBX. 211 TAGS. Crebristriata (Nassa), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 499, 1857. = N. versicolor, C. B. Ad. Cremans (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 242, 1844 184 Crernata (Nassa), Reeve (not Hinds). Icon., f. 26. a N. stigmaria, A. Ad. (1remata (Nassa), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 35, t. 9, f. 8, 9, 1844 53 Cremata (Mitra), Swainson. Brod. Zool. Proc., 1835 151 Crenellifera (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 98, 1851. = N. scalaris, A. Ad. Crenicostata (Nassa), A. Ad. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 120 03 Crenifera (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 306 135 Crenilabris (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 140, 1851. = M. astricta, Rve. Crenilirata (Mitra), A. Ad. Thes. Conch., No. 207. = M. .Ethiops, Rve. Crenilirata (Mitra), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 331. = M. creniplicata, A. Ad. Crenilirata (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc , 100, 1851 40 Creniplicata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 139, 1851. = M. ^Ethiops, Rve. Crenulata (Mitra), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3452.'. 196 Crenulata (Mitra), pars, Kiener. Icon., 105, a. = Cylindra Sinensis, Rve. Crenulata (Nassa), Kiener. Monog. Bucc., t. 14, f. 49. = N. scalaris, iA. Ad. Crenulata (Nassa). Brug. Encyc. Meth., t. 394, f. 6. ? = N. arcularia, L. Creaulata (Nassa), Reeve (not Brug). Icon.s f. 2. = N. hirta, Kiener. Cretacea (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 577, 578, 1874. = M. pellis-serpentis, Reeve. Cribraria (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 12, t. 1, f. 20, 1877. ? = N. sinusigera. A. Ad. Crispa (Turricula), Garrett. Proc. Cal. Acad., 201, 1872 180 Crispata (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 14, 1877 52 Crocata (Mitra), Auct. = T. aureolata, Swainson. Crocata (Mitra) Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 307 187 Crocea (Mitra), Sowb. (not Reeve) Thes. Conch., f. 120. = T. teeniata, Lam. Crocea (Mitra) Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 320, 1845. = T. aureolata, Swn. Crosseana (Turbinella), Souverbie. Jour. Conch, 297, 1875 ; 382, t. 13, f. 1, 1876. ? = Vasum muricatum, Born. Crouani (Imbricaria), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., viii, 274, t. 9, f. 8, 1868 197 Cruentata (Mitra), Chemn. Reeve Icon., f. 126, 1844 173 Cryptochorda, Mo'rch, Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iii, 43, 1858 78 Cucumerina (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 332 143 Cucurbitina (Mitra), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 27, 1850. = M. cucumerina, Lain. Cumingiana (Bullia), Dunker Zool. Proc., 355, 1856 16 Cumingii (Voluta), Gray. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., xiv, 237, 1864. — V. Turneri, Gray. Cumingii (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 67, 1844 170 Cumingii (Voluta), Brod. Zool. Proc., 33, 1832; Sowb., Thes., t. 55, f. 105-107; Am. Jour. Sci., xlix, 227 104 Cumingii (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 98, 1851 55 Curta (Nassa), Gould. Otia, 69 ; Wilkes' Exp. Moll., 258, f. 326. = N. murioata, Quoy. Curvilirata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 128, 129, 1874 166 Cuvieri (Nassa), Payr. Cat. Moll. Corse, t. 8, f. 17, 18, 1824 :-!2 Cyclocyrtia, Agassiz. Nomen., 1847. =- Neritula, Plancus. Cyclonassa, Swains. Malacol., 69, 300, 1840. = Neritula, Plancus. Cyclops, Montf. Conch. Syst., ii, 370, 1810. = Neritula, Plancus. Cylindra, Schumacher. Essai Nouv. Genera, 236, 1817 109, 195 212 INDEX. Cylindracea (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon,, f. 97. = M. variabilis, Reeve. Cylindratus (Melo), Brod. 1855. = M. Miltonis, Gray. Cylleniformis (Voluta), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 151, 1844; Thes. Conch., t. 55, f. 112. 113. = Lyria Cumingii, Brod. Cymba, Brod. and Sowb. Genera of Shells, 1826. = Cyrabium, Klein. Cymba (Voluta) Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., x, 733. ===== Cyrabium proboscidale, Lam. Cymbiola, Swains. Malacol., 317, 1840 = Voluta, Linn, sect (.»7 Cymbiola (Voluta), Chemn. Sowb., Tank. Cat., t. 3, f. 1 99 Cymbium, Montf. Conch". Syst., ii, 554, 1810. = Melo, Humph. Cymbium (Cymbium), Gray, Brod. Adams, Sowerby's Thesaurus (not Linn). = C. cisium, Lam. Cymbium, Klein. Ostrac., 1753; H. & A. Ad. Genera, i, 158 75, 78 Cynodonta, Sebum. Essai d'un Nouv. Syst., 241, 1817. = Vasum, Bolt. Cyri (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 367, 1860. == M. fulgetrum, var. Dactyloidea (Mitra), Anton. Verzeichn., 68, 1839. = M. olivaeformis, Swainson. Dactylus (Cylindra), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1188 195 Dtedala (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 281, 1845 175 Damoni (Voluta), Gray. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser.,xiv, 237, 1864. = V. Turneri, Gray, Darwini (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 95, 1853 62 Dealbata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 112, 1851. = N. fejtiva, Powis. Dealbata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 140, 1851 152 Deburghise (Mitra), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 798, t. 48, f. 12, 1878. = Imbricaria Vanikorensis, Quoy. Declivis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 44 118 Decora (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 234, 1845 169 Decurtata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 154, 1844. = M. scutulata, Lam. Decussata (Nassa), Kiener. Bucc., 109, t. 30, f. 3. = N. pagoda, Rve. Ueformis (Bullia), King. Zool. Jour., v, 349 11 Defrancii (Mitra), Payr. Moll, de Corse, t. 8, f. 21. = M. ebenus, Lam., var. costata. Delessertiana (Voluta), Petit. Mag. de Zool., t. 57 103 Delicata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 137, 1851 159 Delicata (Nassa), Rve. Icon., f. 163, 1853. ==- N. tenella, Rve. Delicata (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 99, 1851. = N. tiarula, Kiener. Deliciosa (Voluta), Montrouz. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iii, 375, 1859; iv, 121. 102 Dennisoni (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 14. 1844 165 Densigranata (Nassa), Reeve. Icon , f. 181, 1854. = N. splendidula, Dunker. Denticulata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zeol. Proc., 110, 1851 47 Dentifera (Nassa), Powis. Zool. Proc., 95, 1835 46 Dermestoideum (Bucc.), Payr. Moll. Corse., 158. = N. corniculum, Olivi. Dermestina (Mitra), Lamarck. Ann. du Mus., 76, 1811 182 Dermestina (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 331, 1860. = N. paupera, Gld. Desetaugsii (Mitra), Kiener. Icon., t. 29, f. 94; Lienard, Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., ix, 226, 1869 117 Deshayesiana (Nassa), Issel. Moll. Mission Italiana, 9, 1865, t. 1, f. 1, 2. = N. nigra, Hombr. et Jacq. Deshayesii (Nassa) Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Astrol. et Tel., v, 76, t. 21, f. 11,12,1853. => N. pulla, Linn. Deshayesii (Voluta), Reeve. Zool. Proc.. 73, t. 26, 1854 88 Deshayesii (Nassa), Drouet. Moll. A9ores, 32, fig. 1858 50 INDEX. 213 I'AOK. Drshayrsii i.Mitrai. Keevi1. Condi. Icon., 1'. 170 17<> Desmonlea, (it-ay. /.u>'. Proc., 14.0, 1847 7, 65 Diadema (Mitra) Swains. Bligh Cat.: Exot. Conch. App. == M. puncticulata, Lain. Diadema (Melo), Lain. A'aim,, vi, :J7-"> 81 Dibaphiformis (Mitra), Sowb. Tbe-=. Conch., f. 300, 810, 1874. = Mitroidea inultiplicata, Pease. Dibaphus. Phil. Wiegm. Archiv., 61, 1847 109,163 Dichroa (Mitra), Ad. & Reeve. Moll. Voy. Samarang, 27, t. 10, f. 20, 1848. = T. luculenta, Reeve. Dichroma (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 315. = M. dichroa, Ad. & Reeve Digitalis (Mitra), Chemn. Dillw. Desc. Cat., i, 550 140 Digitalis (Bullia), Meusch en. Mus. Gevers , 206 12 Digna fVolutomitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 135, 1854. = M. melaniana, Lam. Diluta (Bull a), Krauss. Siidaf. Moll., 121 16 Dimidiata (Mitra), Sowb. Zool. Proc , 259, 1870. = T. Cumingii, Reeve. Discoloria (Mitra), Reeve. Conch Icon., f. 230, 1845 180 Discors (Mitra), Grandidier. Kuster, Conch. Cab., 131, t. 17 d, f. 4. Dispar (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 96, 1851. = N. picta, Dunker. Distorta (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 105, 1851. = N. monile, Kr. Dohrni (Mitra), A. Ad. Jour. Linn. Soc., vii, 2UO, 1864. = T. mucrouaia, Swains. Dominula (Nassa), Tapparone Cauefri. Voy. Magenta, 10, t. 1, f. 17, 1 874. = N. Roissyi, Desh. Douoriana (Cyclops), Risso. Suppl. 271. = Neritula pellucida, Risso. Dorsanum, Gray. Zool. Proc., 130, 1847. = Pseudostrombus, Klein. Dorsuosa (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 102, 1851. = X. Thersites, Brug Dubia (Voluta), Brod. Zool. Jour., iii, 81 t. 3, f. 1 00 Ducalis (Melo), Lam. Edit. De^h., x, 377. == M. diadema, Lam., var. Dufresnii (Voluta), Donov-tn. Nat. Repos., ii, t. 67. = V. angulata, Swainson. Dujardini (Nassa), Lam. Edit Desh., x. 241. = N. mutabilis, Linn. Dunkeri (Mitra) Schmeltz. Cat. Godetfr. Mus., No. 4, 84. = Turricula Deshayesii, Reeve. Duplilirata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 229, 1845 140 Dupontii (Mitra), Kiener. Iconog , 43, t. 1 s, f. 30 ; Jickeli, Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., i, 20. = M. lens, Wood. Ebenacea (Nassa), Gemari. Marrat, Vars of Nassa, No. 367. = N. mutabilis, L., var. Ebenus (Mitra), Lamarck. Ann. du Mus., xvii, No. 58 124 Eburnea (Mitra), Garrett. Jour, of Conch , iii, 15, 1880. = Mitroidea.. 163 Eburuea (Mitra), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 20, 1850; 84, 1851 132 Eburnostoma (Mitra), Garrett. Jour, of Conch., iii, 15, 1880 134 Echinata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 138, 1851. = M. mucronata, Swn. Echinata (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 101, 1851 ; Smith, Zool. Proc., 810, 1878 44 Edentulus (Dibaphus), Swains. Reeve, Icon. Mitra, sp. 80, 1844. = D. Philippii, Crosse. Effusa (Mitra), Swainson. Brod. Zool. Proc., 1835 127 Ehrenbergi (Mitra), Jickeli. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., 24, t. 2, f. 3, 1874 136 Eione, Risso. Hist. Nat., iv, 171, 1826. = Arcularia, Link. 214 INDEX. Elata (Nassa), Gould. Bost, Jour. N. Hist., v. 293, t. 24, f. 11, 1845. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds 39 Elegans (Bucc.), Dujardin. Mem. Geol., ii, 298, t. 20, f. 3, 10. = Nassa clathrata, Born. Elegans (Nassa), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 199, 1842. = N. fossata, Gid. Elegans (Nassa), Reeve (not Kiener). Icon., f 10. ? = N. taenia, Gmel. Elegans (Bucc.), Costa. Cat. Sist, 80. = Nassa Cuvieri, Payr. Elegans (Bullia), Dunker. Proc Zool. Soc., 355. 1856 16 Elegans (Nassa), Kiener. Monog. Bucc., 56, t. 24, f. 97 27 Elegans (Mitra). Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 233, 1845 165 Elegantula (Mitra), Kuster. Conch. Cab., 103, t. 17, f. 6, 8. — T. patriarchalis, Lam. Elegantula (Turricula), Dunker. Mai. Blatt, 154, 1871 193 Ellioti (Voluta), Sowb. Jour. Conch., 3 ser., iv, 338, 1864, v, 25, t. 3, f. 19, 1865. = V. Turner!, Gray. Elongata (Voluta), Swains. Exot. Conch., t. 20, 21. — V. Pacifica Soland., var. Elougata (Nassa), Marrat (not Sowerby). Ann. Mag. N. H., 4 ser., xiii, 70, 1874. = N. oriens, Marr 64 Elongatulum (Buccinum), Anton. Verzeichn., 91, 1839. = Bullia 16 Emeta, H. & A. Adams. Genera, i, 167, 1853. = Lyria, Gray, sect 104 Encausta (Mitra), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 172, 1850 192 Encaustica (Nassa), Brusina. Jour, de Conch., xvii, 233, 1869. = N. Cuvieri, Payr. Emersa (Nassa), Carp. Brit. Mus., Marr. Vars., No. 1065 64 Emilue (Turricula), Schmeltz. Cat. Godeff. Mus., No. 5, 119 189 Episcopalis (Mitra), Linneeus. Edit., xii, 1193 Ill Ericea (Mitra), Pease. Zool. Proc., 146, 1860 ; Am. Jour. Conch., v, 85. = M. turgida, Reeve. Erronea (Mitra), l)ohrn. Mai. Blatt, viii, 134, 1862. = M. versicolor, Mart. Eurytoides (Truncaria), P. P. Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., xiv; 48. 1864 , , 10 Exarata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 133, 1851. = T. cruentata, Chemn. (Reeve), var. Exasperata (Mitra), Gmelin. Syst, Nat., 3453 180 Exigua (Mitra). " Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 298."— Catlow Nomencl. = M. rubra, Swainson. Exilis (Thala), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 313, 1845 160 Exilis (Nassa), Powis. Zool. Proc., 95, 1835 32 Eximia (Nassa), H. Adams. Zool. Prdc., 14, t. 3, f. 28, 1872 48 Eximia (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 135, 1851 113 Exoptanda (Voluta), Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 22, 1849 91 Exquisita (Thala), Garrett. Cal. Proc., 202, 1872 ; Zool. Proc., 842, 1872 162 Exquisita (Turricula), Garrett. Zool. Proc., 842, 1872. = T. rubra, Swn., var. Fasciata (Nassa), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 172 46 Fasciata (Voluta), Schub. et Wagn. Conch. Cab., t. 216, f. 3029, 3030. = V. scapha, Gmel. Fasciata (Mitra), Martyn. Univ. Conch., f. 20. = M. casta, Lam. Fasciolata (Nassa), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 272. = N. corniculum, Olivi. Fastigiella, Reeve. = Cerithiidae. Fastigium (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 221, 1845. ? = M. auriculoides, Reeve, var 154 INDEX. 215 Fenestrata (Cylindra), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 328 l'.»\< Fenestrata (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 10, 1877. = N. albescens, Dunker. Ferguson! (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 70, 71, 1874 116 Ferrugata (Mitra), Solander. Dillw., Desc. Cat., 535. = M. cucumerina, Lam. Ferruginea (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 303 150 Ferruginea (Mitra), var. b., Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 1305. = M. contracta Swainson. Ferruginea (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 78, 1880. ? = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Ferussaci (Nassa), Payr. Moll. Corse, 162, t. 8, f. 15, 16. = N. Cuvieri, Payr. Ferussaci (Voluta), Donovan. Nat. Rep., ii, 67, 1824. = V. Brasiliana, Sol. Festa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 303, 1845 193 Festiva (Turricula), Garrett. Jour, of Conch., iii, 46, 1880 177 Festiva (Nassa), Powis. Zool. Proc , 95, 1835 46 Festiva (Voluta), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 404 95 Festiva (Voluta), d'Orb. (nee Lam.). Voy. 426. = V. Magellanica, Lam. Ficulina (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit, Desh., x, 336 190 Ficulopsis, Stoliczka. Pal. India, ii, 84. = Ficulidse 78 Fida (Nassa), Reeve. Icon., f. 88, 1853. = N. vibex, Say. Fidicula (Mitra), Gould. Bost, Proc., iii, 170, 1850 175 Filaris (Mitra), Linn. Mantissa, 548 138 Filistriata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 402, 1874 177 Filosa (Nassa), Gray. Reeve Icon., sp 35. = N. picta, Dunker. Filosa (Truncaria), Ads & Rve. Voy. Samarang, 33, t. ll, f. 18 9 Filosa (Mitra), Born. Mus. Cass.. t. 9, f. 9, 10. — M. filaris, Linn. Filum (Mitra), Wood. Ind. Test, Suppl., t. 3, f. 30 130 Fischeri (Mitra), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iv, 323, 1860. = M. annulata, Reeve. Fissilabris (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 99, 1851 40 Fissurata (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 322 131 Flammea (Mitra), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., ii, 659, t. 45, f 23-25 140 Flammea (Mitra), Reeve. Icon., f. 120, 1844. = M. Philippinarum, Adams. Flammeum (Buccinum), Brug. Dact., No. 32. = Bullia laevissima, Gmel. Flamraigera (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 173. = M. flammea, Quoy. Flammula (Voluta), Goodall. Wood, Index Test. Suppl., f. 5. = V. cymbiola, Sowb. Flam.mulata (Turricula), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., 212, 1867. = T. semen, Reeve. Flava (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 6, 1877. ? = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Flavescens (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f 207, 1844. = M. aureolata, Swn. Flavicans (Voluta), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3364 91 Flexicostata (Turricula), Garrett. Jour, of Conch., iii, 46, 1880 180 Flexilabris (Mitra), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 127, t. 24, f. 4, 1875 128 Flexuosum (Bucc.), Costa. Cat. Syst., 78. = Nassa Cuvieri, Payr. Floccata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 16 115 Florida (Mitra), Gould. Bost. Proc., vi, 13, 1856 116 Floridanum (Bucc.), Lesson. Rev. Zool., 237, 1842. = Nassa 62 Floridula (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 267, f. 283, 611. = M. coronata, Lam. 216 INDEX. Fluctuata (Voluta), Solander. Gray, Zool. Proc., 64, 1855. = V. undulata, Lam. Foliosum (Bucc.), Wood. Index Test., t. 22, f. 39. = N. mutabilis, Linn. Pontainii (Nassa), d'Orb. Voy. Am. Merid., 433, t. 77, f. 5, 6. = N. exilis, Powis. Foraminata (Mitra), Swains. Brod., Zool. Proc., 194, 1835. = M. lens, Wood. Forbesii (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit, Mai., 60, 1853 62 Formosa (Cylindra), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., 271, t. 23, f. 1, 18G7 131 Formosa (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 138, 1851 138 Forticostata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 238, 1844. = T. Ficulina, Lam. Fortiplicata (Turricula), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., 213, t. 15 f. 3, 1867. 189 Fossata (Nassa), Gould. Otia, Conch., 67 55 Foveata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 213, f. 408, 1874. = Thala. 160 Foveolata (Mitra), Dunker. Novit. Conch., 46, t 15, f. 5, 6. = flammea, Quoy. Foveolata (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 63, 1847 34 Fraga (Vlitra), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., ii, 660, t. 45, bis, f. 28, 29. ? = M. cucumetina, Lam. Fraga (Mitra), Kiener. Iconog., t. 27, f. 87. = T. nodosa, Swains. Fraga (Mitra), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., ii, 660, t. 45, bis, f. 28, 29. ? = M. cucumerina, Lam. Fragum (Nassa), Hombr. et Jacq. Astrol. et ZeL, v, 83, t. 21, f. 39, 40, 1854. = N. cremata, Hinds. Franciscana (Mitra), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 133, 1876. 159 Fratercula (Turricula), Garrett. Zool Proc., 482, 1872. = T. variata, Reeve. Fraterculus (Nassa), Dunker. Mai. Blatt, 230, 1850. ? = N. paupera, Gld. Fraudulenta (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 8, t. 1, f. 24, 1877. = N. sinusigera, A. Ad. Fretensis (Nassa) Perkins. Bost. Proc., xiii, 117, 1869. = N. vibex, Say. Frigens (Nassa), von Martens. Sitzb. Berlin, 134, 1878 62 Fulgetrum (Voluta), Sowb. Tank. Cat, App., 28, t. 4, f. 5, 1828 96 Fulgetrum (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 115, 1844 142 Fulgora (Voluta), Martini. Adams' Genera. = V. rupestris, Gmel. Fulgoraria, Schum. Essai Syst., 242, 1817. = Voluta, Lina, sect 85 Fulgurita (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 61, 1844 118 Fulminata (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 399. = V. rupestris, Gmelin. Fulva (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 395. = V. virescens, Soland., var. Fulva (Mitra), Swainsen. Zool. Illust., 2d ser. == M. ambigua, Swn., var. Fulyescens (Mitra), Swaiuson. Zool. Proc., 1835 148 Fulvolirata (Mitra), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 797, t. 48, f. 9, 10, 1878. ? =T. corrugata, Lam. Funerea (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 108, 1874 126 Funiculata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 122, 1844. = M. sulcata, Swainson. Fusca (Mitra), Swains. Zool. 111., 2d ser 122 Fusca (Nassa), Hombr. et Jacq. Astrol. et Tel., v, 74, t. 21, f. 7, 8, 1854. = N. tsenia, Gmel. Fuscata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 112, 1851. = N. Tritoniformis, Kiener. Fuscescens (Mitra), Pease. Zool. Proc., 146, 1860; Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 233 157 Fuscoapicata (Mitra), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 214, 1879 173 Fuscolineata (Nassa), Smith. Ann. Mag., 4 ser., xv, 423, 1875 63 INDEX. 217 PAGE. Fusconigra (Turricula), Garrett, Jour, of Conch., iii, 47, 1880 174 Fusiformis (Voluta), Kiener. Monog., 41, t. 49. = V. Beckii, Brod. Fusiformis (Mitra), Reeve (nee Kiener.) Conch. Icon., f. 182, 1844. M. mucronata, Swains. Fusiformis (Mitra), Chemn. Sowb. Thes., f. 384, 1874. = T. mucronata, Swains. Fusiformis (Voluta), Swains. Bligh Cat. Ap , (.»5 Fusiformis (Mitra), Kiener. Inconog., t. 29, f. 97 175 Fusimitra, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 25, 1865 , 109 Fusoides (Mitra), A. Ad. Index Sowerby's Thesaurus 158 Fusus (Voluta), Quoy et Gaim. Voy. Astrol., t. 44, f. 7, 8. = V. Pacifica, Soland, juv. Fusus (Mi4ra), Souv. Jour, de Conch., 376, t. 13, f. 3-4, 1876. = M. cernica, Sowb., var. Fusus (Turbinella), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., 15, 1825 71 Galilea (Nassa), Clark. Marrat. Varieties, No. 1353 64 Gallandiana (Nassa), Fischer. Jour. Conch., x, 37, xi, 82, t. 2, f. 6. = N. corniculum, Olivi. Gambiana (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 206, 1861. = M. carinata, Swn. Garrettii (Mitra), G. £ H. Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 29, 1874 189 Gaudiosa (Nassa), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 36, t. 9, f. 16, 17, 1844 34 Gausapata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 317, 1845. = T. ficulina, Lam. Gayii (Nassa), Kiener. Bucc., 71, t. 21, f. 79 56 Gemma (Nassa), Phil. Abbild. Bucc., t. 1, f. 5. ? = N. complanata, Powis. Gemmata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch, sp., 334, 1874 183 Gemmellari (Nassa), Biondi. Atti Accad. Catan., xi, 1855 62 Gemmulata (Nassa), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 169 55 Gemmulifera (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 99, 1851 52 Gemmulosa (Nassa), C. B. Ad. Panama Shells, p. 61 62 Geuiculata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 100, 1851. = N. subspinosa, Lam. Georginse (Melo), Gray. Griffith's Cuvier, t 34, 183:!. — M. diadema, Lam., var. ducalis. Gibba (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool Proc., 368 1860 159 Gibberula (Nassa), Marratt. Vars. No. 1205. = N. incrassata, Mull., var. Gibbesii (Nassa), Cooper. Pac. R. R. Rept. App., 371. = N. mendica, Gould. Gibbosula (Nassa), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1201 , 24 Gibbum (Buccinum), Dillw. Cat., ii, 602. = Nassa mutabilis, L. Gigantea (Mitra), Swainson MSS. Reeve, Icon., f. 27, 1844. = M. sulcata, Swainson. Glabella (Nassa), Marrat (not Sowb.). New Forms of Nassa, t. 1, f. 7. = N. laevigata, Marrat. Glaberrima (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. Nos. 1203, 1204. = N. incrassata, var. Glaberrima (Nassa), Gmelin. Syst. Nat. Bucc. ? = N. conspersa, Phil. Glabra (Mitra), Pease (not'Swains.). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 272, t. 23, f. 2, 1867. = M. lubrica, Pease. Glabra (Mitra), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv, 241. == M. cornicula, Linn. Glabra (Mitra), Swainson. Exot. Conch., 24, t. 18 117 Glabrata (Nassa), Sowb. Strombus, Thes. Conch., i, t. 8, f. 66, 67. = N. obliqua, Kiener 27 Glabrata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 114, 1851 38 Glandiformis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 310, 1845 186 Glans (Voluta), Gmelin. = Cymbium Neptuni, Gmel, 28 218 INDEX. PAGE. Glaus (Nassa), Linn, Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1200 27 Glans (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 192, 1841. = Cylindra fenestrata Lam. Glauca (Nassa), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat., 61. 1852. = N. tegula, Reeve. Glauca (Nassa), Bunker. Zeit. Mai., 125, 1852. ? = N. unicolorata, Kiener. Globosa (Nassa), Sowerby. Genera of Shells, f. 6. = Desmoulea abbrevnta, Gmel. Globosa (Mitra), Chemn. H. £ A. Adams' Genera, i, 171 159 Globosa (Nassa), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., ii, 448, t. 32, f. 25-27 26 Globulosa (Bullia), d'Orb. (not Kieuer). Voy. Am., 435. = B. deformis, King 11 Globulosa (Bullia), Kiener. Coq. Viv., t. 10, f. 33. : 11 Globulus (Cassis), Menke. Synopsis Moll., No. 806, 1828. ? := Desmoulea, Lam. Globulus (Vasumj, Lam. Hist., vii, 107 73 Gosavia, Stoliczka. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, lii, 1865 ; Pal. Indica, ii, 72.. 78 Gotoensis (Mitra), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 215, t. 20, f. 51, 1879. = T. Collinsoni, A. Ad. Gracilior (Mitra), Carpenter MSS 145 Gracilis (Cymba), Brod. Spec. Conch., 7, f. 8. = C. cisium, Lam. Gracilis (Voluta), Gray. Griffith's Animal Kingdom, t. 40, f. 4. = V. Pacifica, Soland. Gracilis (Voluta), Swains. Jour. Sci., xvii, 52. = V. Pacifica, Sol., var. Gracilis (Nassa), Pease, Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 273, t. 23, f. 4, 1867. = N. leptospira, A. Ad. Gracilis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 31, 1844 136 Gradata (Bullia), Deshayes. Lam., An. s. Vert., x, 186. = B. cochlidium, Kiener. Grastfei (Mitra), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., vii, 297, 1867. = Turricula luculenta, Reeve. Graja (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 327. = M. cornicula, Linn. Grana (Nassa), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, 274 27 Granata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 271, 1845. = M. pellis-serpentis, Reeve. ** Granatina (Mitra), Swains. Tenison-Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasm., 133, 1876 159 Granatina (Mitra), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 310. = M. scabriuscula, Linn. Granifera (Nassa), Kiener. Monog., 100, t. 27, f. Ill 26 Granulatum (Bucc.), Phil., i, 226, i. 11, f. 2. = Nassa incrassata, var., pygmsea. . Granosa (Mitra), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, t. 151, f. 1442, 1443. = T. sanguisuga, Linn., var. Granulifera (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 340 158 Granulosa (Bullia), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 250 14 Granulosa (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 304 133 Granulosa (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 80, 1880 63 Granum (Mitra), Forbes. JSgean Invert., 191, 1843. = T. tricolor, Gmel. Graphitera (Nassa), Beck. Hombr. et Jacq., Voy. au Pole sud, v, 80, t. 21, f. 28, 29, 1853. = N. picta, Dunker. Grata (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 81, 1880 63 Gratiosa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch., Icon., f. 277, 1845.... 161 Gravis (Voluta), Dillwyn. Desc. Cat., i, 569. = Turbinella napus, Lrm. Grayae (Voluta), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xix, 287, 1871 91 INDEX. 219 PAGK. Grayi (Bullia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 7, 1846. = B. Mauritiana. Gray. Greci (Columbella), Phil, Moll. Sicil., ii, 194, t. 27, f. 18, 1844. == Turricula Columbellaria, Scac. Grelloisi (Mitra), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., iv, 247, t, 7, f. 8, 1853. = M. pellis serpentis, Reeve. Grumlandica (Mitra), Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 106, 1844 124 Gruneri (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 119, 1844 168 Gruneri (Nassa), Reeve (not Dunker). Icon., sp. 75. = N. muricata, Quoy. Gruneri (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 171, 1846 44 Guadaloupensis (Nassa), Petit. = Phos (vol. iii). Guildingii (Voluta), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 151, 1844; Thes. Conch , t. 55, f. 110, 111 105 Guinaica (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 393. = V. musica, Linn. Gussoni (Bucc.), Calacara. = Nassa Tinei, Marav. Guttata (Voluta), Reeve, Icon., f. 56, 1849 105 Guttata (Mitra), Swainson MSS. Reeve, Icon., f, 69, 1844 116 Haldemani (Buec.), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 62, 1847 36 Hamillei (Mitra), Petit. Jour, de Conch,, ii, 259, t. 7, f. 9, 1851 117 Hamillei (Voluta), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3 sp., xvii, 115, 178, 1869; xviii, t. 1, f. 5 ; t. 2, f. 1, 1870. = V. rupestris, Gmel. Haneti (Mitra), Petit. Jour, de Conch., iii, 57, t. 2, f. 11, 1852. Hanleyana (Mitra), Dunker. Mai. Blatt., xxiv, 70, 1877 158 Hanleyana (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 83, 1880 63 Hanleyanum (Bucc.), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 63, 1847 62 Hanleyi (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 168, f. 661, 1874 146 Ilanleyi (Turricula), Dohrn. Mai. Blatt.. viii, 138, 1862 194 Harfordi (Voluta), Cox. Zool. Proc., 358, t. 26, f. 2, 1869. = V. canaliculata, McCoy. Hargreavesi (Voluta), Angas. Zool. Proc., 613, t. 42, f. 13, 1872 89 Harpa (Voluta), Barnes. Ann. N. Y. Lye., i, 139, t. 9, f. 4 104 Harpa (Harpula), Swains. Exot. Conch. = Voluta costata, Swn. Harpoeformis (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 334. = M. cruentata, Chemn. Harpula, Swains. Malacol., 317. 1840. = Voluta, Linn, sect. Harpularia (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 8, 1877 63 Hastata (Mitra), Sowb, Thes. Conch., f. 620, 632. = Turricula casta, H. Adams. Haustrum (Voluta), Solander MSS. Gray, Zool. Proc., 54, 1855. = Melo tecsellata, Lam. Hebes (Mitra), Reeve. Icon., f. 292, 1845 137 Hebra, H. & A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 120. = S. G. of Nassa, Mart. 7 Hebn«a (Columbella), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 270. = Milra litterata, Lam. Hebraa (Voluta), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1194 84 Helvacea (Mitra), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 84, 1851 135 Hemprichi (Mitra), Jickeli. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., i, 21, t. 2, f. 1, 1874... 136 Hepatica (Nassa), Mont. Test. Brit., 243. t. 8, f. 1. ? =N. monile, Kiener. Herklotsiana (Mitra), Dohrn. Mai. Blatt., viii, 137, 1862. ? = M. Isabella, Swn. Hermannseni (Bucc.), Dunker. Zeit. Mai. 63, 1847. = Nassa 62 Hima, Leach. Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H., xx, 1847. =S. G. of Nassa, Mart. 7 Hindsii (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 165, 1844. = M. sulcata, Swn. Hirta (Nassa), Kiener. Monog., 63, t. 19, f. 72 28 220 INDEX. Hispida (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 101, 1851. =N. Gruneri, Bunker. Histrio (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 144, 1844. = T. dermestina, Lam. Horrida (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 59, 1847. = N. muricata, Quoy. Hotessieri (Nassa), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba., ii, 142, t. 21, f. 40-42, 1853. = N. ambigua, Mont. Hoyti (Mitra), Garrett. Jour, of Conch., iii, 47, 1880 195 Humeralis (Mitra), Garrett. Jour, of Conch., iii, 18, 1880 159 Hybrida (Mitra), Kiener. Iconog., 74, f. 69. = T. intermedia, Kiener. Hystrio (Mitra), Montrouzier. Jour, de Conch , 3 ser., ii, 240, 1862. = M. flammea, Quoy. Icteria (BulHa), Soland. Adams' Genera, 114 16 Ignea (Voluta), Wood. Index Test. = Turricula subulata, Lam. Ignobilis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Ic , f. 152, 1844 119 Ilyanassa, Stimpson. Am. Jour Coneh., i, 61, 1865. = S. G. of Nassa 7 Imbricaria, Schumacher. Essai Nouv. Gen., 236, 1817 109, 197 Immersa (Nassa), Carp. Marrat, Vars., No. 1249. == N. bimaeulosa, A. Ad. Imperiale (Vasum), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842 72 Imperialis (Voluta), Lam. Edit Desh., x, 385 88 Impressa (Mitra), Reeve (not Anton.) Conch. Ic., f. 130, 1844. = T. rubricata, Reeve. Impressa (Mitra), Anton. Verzeichn., 67, 1839 132 Inca (Mitra), d'Orb. Voy. Am. Merid., 427, t. 79, f. 1. = M. lens, Wood. Incarnata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 299, 1845. = M. carnicolor, Reeve. Incisa (Mitra), Ad. & Reeve. Moll. Voy. Samarang, 27, t. 10, f. 31, 1848. 114 Incisa (Turricula), Garrett. Jour, of Conch , iii, 63, 1880. = T. Zebuensis, Reeve. Incrassata( Nassa), Strom. Kongl. Vid. Selsk. Skr., iv, 369, t. 16, f. 25.... 49 Indentata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 173, f. 412, 1874...: 144 Indica (Voluta), Sowb. Thes. Conch. 1, 210, t. 51, f, 68-70. = V. interpuncta, Martyn. Indica (Melo), Gmel. Syst. Nat, 3467 80 Induta (Mitra), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 128, t. 24, f. 9, 1875 121 Inermis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 273, 1845 ; Zool. Proc., 216, 1879. 175 Infausta (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 326, 1845 189 Infecta (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 75 = M versicolor, Mart 163 Inflata (Nassa), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 270. — N. mutabile, Linn. Inflata (Mitra), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv. = M. cornicula, Linn. Infrafasciata (Mitra), Souverb. Jour de Conch., 3 ser., v, 155, t. 5, f. 7, 1865 122 Innexa (Voluta), Reeve Icon., f. 9, 1849; Brazier. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 171, 1876. — V. rutila, Brod., var. Inquinata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 29, 1844 118 Insculpta (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc. 133, 1851. = M. annulata, Reeve. Insculpta (Na-sa), Cpr. Cal. Proc , iii, 223, 1866 38 Insignis (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 132, 1851 129 Insignis (Nassodonta), H. Adams. Zool. Proc., 445, 1866 37 Insolata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 77, f. 650, 1874 124 Instricta (Turricula), Garrett. Jour, of Conch., iii, 48, 1880 -. 195 Insularis (Voluta), Solander. Portl. Cab. = V. Pacifica, Soland. Interlirata (Nassa), E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 545, t. 30, f. 5, 1876 48 Interlirata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 70. = M. flammea, Quoy. Intermedia (Mitra), Kiener. Iconog., t. 22, f. 70 168 INDEX. 221 PAGE. Intermedia (Nassa), Forbes. Kept JEg. In., v, 140. = N. incrassata, Strom. Intermedia (Nassa), Bunker Verb. Z. B. Soc. Vienna, xvi, 909, 1886. = N. suturalis, Lam. Interpuncta (Voluta), Martyn. Univ. Conch., t. 127 84 Interrupta (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 135, 1851 169 Interrupta (.Mitra), Anton. Verzeichn., 68, 1839 192 Intersculpta (Mitra), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 258, 1870 159 Interstincta (Nassa), Marratt. Quar. Jour. Conch., Vars. No. 1163 64 Interstriata (Mitra), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 259, 1870 172 Interstriata (Nassa), Conrad. Pac. R. R. Rept., v, t. 6, f. 49, 1856. ? = N. perpinguis, Hinds. Intertreniata (Mitra), Sowb Thes. Conch., f. 154, 1874 176 Isara, H. & A. Adams. Genera, i, 171. Mitra, Lam. Isabella (Mitra), Swainson. Zool. Illust., 2d ser 137 Isabellei (Nassa), Reeve (not Orb.) Icon., f. 47. = N fenestrata, Marrat. Isabellei (Nassa), d'Orb. Voy. Am. Merid., 423, t. 61, f. 18-21 33 Italica (Cyclonassa), Issel. Bull. Mai. Ital., ii, 79, t. 4, f. 9-11, 1869. — C. neritea, Linn. Jacksoniana (Nassa), Quoy. Astrolabe, ii, 452, t. 32, f. 28, 29. = N. monile, Kiener, var. Jacksoniana (Nassa), Kiener. Monog., 64, t. 19, f. 73. = N. monile, Kien. Jaculanda (Mitra), Gould. Otia Conch., 129 ; Bost. Proc., vii, 332, 1860. 162 Jamrachi (Voluta), Gray. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., xiv, 236, 1864. = V. Turneri, Gray. Japonica (Mitra), A. Ad. Jour. Linn. Soc., vii, 198, 1864. = T. crebrilirata, Reeve. Japonica (Nassa), Lischke. Mai. Blatt,, xv, 220. = N. bait eat a, Lischke. Japonica (Desmoulea), A. Adams. Zool. Proc, 113, 1851 66 Japonica (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 110, 1851. ? = N. tenuis, E. A. Smith. Jonasi (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 171, 1846; Phil. Abbild. Bucc., iii, 66, t. 2, f. 10 26 Jucunda (Mitra), Tapparone-Canefri. Voy. Magenta, 27, t. 1, f. 3, 1874. M. tigrina, A. Ad. Jucunda (Mitra), Dunker. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., xix, 212, t, 9, f. 1, 1879 165 Judaxmim (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 367, 1860 171 Jukesii (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 139, 1851. s= T. corrugata, Lam. Junonia (Voluta), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, t. 177, f. 1703, 1704 90 Kamieschi (Cyclops), Chemn. Marr. Conch., i, 165, f. 792-4 65 Kaupii (Voluta), Dunker. Mai. Blatt., x, 145, 1863 90 Keeni (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 15, 1877. = N. albescens, Dunker, var. Kieneri (Buccinum), Anton. Verzeichn., 92, 1830. ? 1= Nassa picta, Dunker. Kieneri (Mitra). Phil. Zeit, Mai., 22, 1850. M. chrysostoma Swn. Kieneri (Nassa), Desh. Moll. He Bourbon, 129, 1863 53 Kieneri (Mitra). Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 429, f. 324, 1874 124 Kingi (Voluta), Cox. Jour, de Conch., xix, 76, t. 4, f. 2, 1871 92 Kirki (Voluta), Hutton. N. Zeal. Cab., 18; Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., xviii, 21, 1878 (--= -. V. flavicans, Gmel., teste Hutton in litt.) 99 Kochiana (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., Ill, 1846 58 Kraussiana (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., Ill, 1846 25 222 INDEX. Kraussii (Turricula), Bunker. Mall. Jap., 8, 1861 187 Kreuslerae (Voluta), Angas. Zool. Proc., 55, t 2, f. 3, 1865 94 Kurrachensis (Bullia), Angas. Zool. Proc., 529, t. 54, f. 6, 1877 15 Labecula (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 98, 1851. = N. Jonasi, Dunker. Labiata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 114, 1851 39 Labida (Nassa), Reeve. Icon., 179, 1854. = N. leptospira, A. Ad. Labyrinthum (Buccinum), Qmelin. Syst. Nat., 3483. ? = B. cochlidium, Kiener. Lacepedii (Buccinum), Payr. Moll. Corse, t. 7, f. 23, 24. = Nassa incrassata, Strom. Lachrymosa (Nassa), Reeve. Monog., f. 52, 1853, = N. monile, Kien. Lachryma (Mitra), Reeve. Icon., f. 258, 1845 125 Lactea (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim., vii, o!2. = M. cornicula, Linn. Lactea (Nassa), Marratt. Vars. of Nassa, 80, 1880 63 Lacunosa (Mitra), Reeve. Icon., f. 65. ? = M. variegata, Reeve. Lacunosa (Mitra), Sowb. (nee Reeve). Thes., f. 171, 1874. = M. eximia, A. Ad. Laeta (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 135, 1851 159 Laetum (Buccinum), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 140, 1848 62 Laevicostata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 139, 1874. = T. Gruneri, Reeve. Laevicostata (Turricula), Garrett, Jour, of Conch., iii, 50,1880 195 Lsevigata (Nassa) Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 3, t. 1, f. 7, 1877 23 Laevigata (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 394. : - V. musica, L. Laevigata (Mitra), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3455. = M. cornicula, Linn. Laevigata (Bullia), Mart, Conch. Cab., iv, t. 127, f. 1215, 1216. = B. laevissima, Gmel. Laevigata (Nassa), Pusch. Pol. Pal., 122, t. 11, f. 8. = N. mutabilis, Linn. Laevis (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 132, 1861. = M. casta, Lam. Laevis (Mitra), E-ichwald. Zool. RUBS. Pol., 297, t. 5, f. 14. = M. ebenus, Lam. Laevis (Nassa), Chemn. H. & A. Adams' Genera, t. 12, f. 7. = N. canaliculata, Lam. Laevissima (Bullia), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3494.^ 11 Laevissimum (Nassa), Bronn. It. Tert., 25. := N. cornicula, Olivi. Laevizonata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch, sp. 314, 1874. = T. luculenta, Reeve. Lamarckii (Mitra), Deshayes. Encyc. Meth., ii, 448 112 Lamarckii (Bullia), Kiener, Coq. Viv., t. 3, f. 6. = B. cochlidium, Kiener. Lamberti (Mitra), Souv. Jour, de Conch., 284, t.-13, f. 3, 1875 126 Lapparia, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 24, 1865 109 Lapponica (Voluta), Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1195. := V. interpuncta, Mart, Largilliertiana (Voluta), d'Orb. Rev. Zool., 210, 1841 101 Larva (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit, Desh., x, 339. = T. cruentata, Chemn. Laterculata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 651, 1874. Laticostata (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 12, 1877. ? = N. arcularia, Linn 21 Latruncularia (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 166, 1844 120 Lauta (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 244, 1844. = M. pardalis Kiister. Lauta (Nassa), Marratt. Vars. of Nassa, 82, 1880 63 Layardi (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 135, 1854. = T. crebrilirata, Rve. Lecadrei (Nassa), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, 73, t. 6, f. 14, 1867. = N. versicolor, C. B. Ad. Lefebrei (Bucc.), Maravigna. Rev. Zool., 325, 1840. = Lachesis. INDEX. 223 PAGE. Le.") 77 Leiodonms, Swirus. Malacol., 74, 8(2. 1840. = S. G. of Bullia, Gray. Leptospira (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 103, 1851 ^r, Lens (Mitra), Wood. Index Test. Suppl., t. 3, f. '28 133 Lens (Nassa), Chemn. Marrat, Vars., No. 1355. = N. nitidula, Linn. Lentiginosa (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 105, 1851. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Leontocroma (Mitra), Brusina. Contrib. No. 80. = M. columbellaria, Scacehi. Leucodesma (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 243, 1844. = M. pardalis, Kiister. Leucostoma (.Mitra). Swains. Sowb., Tank. Cat. App.. 27, 1825 159 Leucozona (Mitra), Bellardi. Monog., 26. = M. ebenus, Lam. Lienardi (Mitra), Sou v. Tbes. Conch., f. 239 151 Lifouana (Mitra texturata, var.), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xx, 74, 219, 1872 134 Ligata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 134, 1851. T. cruentata, Chemn., var. proxima. Lignaria (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 64, 1844. = M. lens, Wood. Lilacina (Nassa), Gould. Wilkes' Exp. .Moll., 265, f. 336, 1852. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Lilacina (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 634, 1874 178 Lima (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 181, 1874. - Cylindra Sinensis, Reeve. Limata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 312 116 Limata (Nassa), Chemn. Conch Cab., xi, 87, t. 188, f. 1808-9. = N. clathrata, Born. Limbifera (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 329 154 Limicola (Bucc.), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 59, 1851 62 Limmuforrne (Bucc.), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 64. 1847. ? = Nassa (>2 Lincolnensis (Mitra), Angas. Zool. Proc., 313, t, 18, f. 10, 11, 1878 177 Lineata (Mitra), Swainson. Brod., Zool. Proc., 1835 139 Lineata (Voluta), Leach. Zool. Misc., i, t. 12, f. 2. := V. zebra, Leach. Lineata (Nassa), Pult. H. & A. Adams' Genera, i, 118 = Planaxis. Lineatus (Conoelix), Swainson. Zool. 111., 1st ser.,i, t. 24. middle figures, 1821. = Imbricaria 198 Lineolata (Nassa), Phil. Marrat, Vars., No. 1356 64 Lineolata (Planaxis), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv, 173, f. 136. = N. Cuvieri, Payr. Lineolata (Voluta), Kiister. Conch. Cab., t. 36, f. 6. = V. vespertilio, Linn. Lirata (Nassa), Marrat. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4 ser., xiii, 70, 1874. N. nigra, Hombr. et Jacq. Lirata (Nassa), Dunker. Moll. Jap., t. 1, f. 22 ; Mai. Blatt, 231, 1860. = N. festiva, Powis. Litterata (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 339 155 Littoralis (Mitra), Forbes. Rep. .Egean Invert., 190, 1843. = T. tricolor, Gmelin. Littoralis (Mitra), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv. M. ebenus, Lam. Livescens (Nassa), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 135, 1848 54 Livida (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 134. - M. ebenus, Lam., var. costata. Livida (Bullia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 10, 1846. = B. vittata, Linn... 15 224 INDEX. Loebbeckeanus (Dibaphus), Weinkauff. Kiister, Pleurotorua, 2, t. A, f. 1. — Mitroidea maltiplicata, Pease, juv. Longispira (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 403, 1874 180 Loricata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch Icon., f. 174, 1841. — M. Isabella, Swn. Loroisi (Voluta), Valenc. Jour, de Conch., xi, 71, t. 1, f. 1, 1863 93 Lota (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 239, 1845 186 Lowei (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 203. 1862. ?= T. tricolor, Gmel. Lubens (Mitra), Reeve. Conch., Icon., f. 331, 1845. — T. militaris, Rve., var. Lubrica (Mitra), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, 85, 1868. = T. discors, Grandidier. Lucida (Mitra), Reeve. Conch., Icon., f. 266, 1845 170 Lucida (Nassa), Marrat. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, 4 ser.. xiii, 70, 1874 64 Lucida (Neritula), Ad. & Ang. Zool. Proc., 35, 1864. = Callomphala (Trochidse). Luctuosa (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 105, 1851. ? — N. gaudiosa, Hinds 151 Luculenta (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 245, 1844 185 Lugubris (Mitra), Swainson. Zool. 111., 1st ser., t. 66.. 149 Lugubris (Voluta), Swains. — V. flavicans, Gmel. Lurida (Nassa), Gld. Bost. Proc., iii, 153, 1849 ; Moll. Wilkes' Exp., f. 325. 36 Lutea (Mitra), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., ii, 650, t, 45, bis, f. 7-9. = M. acuminata, Swn. Luteofusca (Turricula), Garrett Proc. Zool. Soc., 842, 1872 195 Luteola (Nassa), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 212, t. 20, f. 47, 1878. ? = N. paupera, Gld. Luteostoma (Voluta), Deshayes, in Lamarck, x, 409 88 Luteostoma (Nassa), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., iv, 376, 1829 39 Luteostoma (Nassa), Kiener. Monog. 110, t. 30, f. 1. = N. luteostoma, Brod. and Sowb. Lutescens (Mitra), Lamarck. Anc. du Mus., xvii, 210. = M. cornicula, Linn, Lymnaeana (Bullia), A. Ad. Genera, 113. = Volutharpa, vol, iii 15 Lyrseformis (Voluta), Swains. Zool. 111., t. 54; Brod., Zool. Jour., iii, 83, t. 3, f. 3 103 Lyraaformis (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 79, 1880 63 Lyraeformis (Voluta), Kiener (nee Brod.). Monog., 35, t, 42, f. 2 = V. megaspira, var. Prevostiana, Crosse. Lyrata (Nassa), Kiener. Monog. Bucc:,38,t.22, f. 88. =Cyllene (vol. iii). Lyrata (Voluta), Humph. Sowb., Tank. Cat., 2140. = L. costata, Swn. Lyrata (Mitra), Lamarck. An. sans. Vert., vii, 308 166 Lyrella (Nassa), Beck. Reeve, Icon., f. 95. = N. pauperata, Lam. Lyria, Gray. Zool. Proc., 1847; H. & A. Adams' Genera, i, 116 76, 101 Lyriformis (Voluta), Vigors. Kiener, Monog., 35, t. 42, f. 2. = V. megaspira, Sowb. Macandrewi (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 421, 1874 179 Macgillivrayi (Voluta), Cox. Zool. Proc., t. 47, f. 9, 1873, = V. piperita, Sowb., var. Macquariensis (Voluta), Petterd. Jour, of Conch., ii, 343, 1879. = V. papillosa, Swn., var. Macrospira (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc,, 138, 1851 ... 177 Macula (Buccinum), Mont. Test, Brit., 241, t. 8, f. 4. = Nassa incrassata, Strom. Maculata (Voluta), Swains. Exot. Conch., t. 38 93 Maculata (Nassa), A. Ad? Zool. Proc., 114, 1861..,,., 38 INDEX. 225 PAQE. Maouloea (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 175 155 Maculosum (Bucc.), Costa. = Nassa incrassata, Strom. Maderensis (Nassa), Reeve. Iconog , f 182, 1854. = N. Cuvieri, Payr. Majxta (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 323. 1845 143 Magellanica (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x,' 398 97 Magellanica (Voluta), Kiener (nee Lam.). Monog., t. 51. = V. ancilla, Soland. Magnifica (Voluta), Lamarck. Edit, Desh., x, 397 89 Malabarica (Bullia), Hanley. Adams' Genera, 113. = B. melanoides, Desh. Malleti (Mitra), Petit, Jour, de Conch., iii, t. 58, t. 2, f. 1, 1853 142 Mamilla (Cymba), Gray. Sowb., Zool. Proc., 149, 1844; Zool. Proc., 34, t. 45, 1859 101 .Mamillana. Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xix, 308, 1871. = Voluta, Linn., sect, 101 Mamillata (Planaxis), Risso. Eur. Mer., iv, 178, f. 122. = N. reticulata, Linn. Mangelioides (Nassa), Reeve. Iconog., f. 152, 1853 26 Margaritifera (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 60, 1847. — N. cremata, Hinds, var. Margaritifera (Nassa), Reeve (non Dunker). Icon., f. 59. = N. Kieneri, Desh. Marginata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 311, 1874. ? — M. coronata, Lam,, juv. Marginulata (Nassa), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, 278. =N. reticulata, Linn. Marginulata (Nassa), Reeve (not Lam.), Icon., f. 43, 50, 51. = N. Kieneri, Desh. Mariae (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 140, 1851. = M. incisa, Ad. & Rve. Maria-Emma (Voluta), Gray. Zool. Proc., 230, t. 48, 1859. = V. Grayoe, Crosse. Marmorata (Nassa), Anton. Verzeichn., 92, 1839 62 Marmorata (Voluta), Swains. Exot. Conch., t. 1 92 Marmorata (Mitra), Swains. Zool. Illust., t. 24. = Imbricaria conica, Schum. Marmorea (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 106, 1851. = Var. of N. picta, Dunker , 36 Marmorea (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 139, 1851 178 Marquesana (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 270, 1851 114 Marratii (Nassa), E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 543, t. 30, f. 4; Zool. Proc., 809, t. 50, f. 8, 1878. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Matronalis (Mitra) Schum. Nouv. Syst., 239, 1817. = M. casta, Lam. Maura (Mitra), Swains. Zool. Proc., 193, 1835 , 121 Mauritia, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 273, 1869. = Mitroidea, Pease. Mauritiana (Bullia), Gray. Zool. Beechey, p. 226, 1839 12 Mauritiana (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 2, f. 610, 1874 114 Mazza, Klein. Ostrac., 62, 1753 ; H. & A. Adams' Genera, i, 156. = Turbinella, Lam. Mazzalina, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 23, 1865. —Lagena (vol. iii). Media (Mitra), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv. -= M. cornicula, Linn. Mediolaris (Bullia), von Mart, Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., i, 137, t. 6, f. 4. - Var. of B. diluta, Krauss, Mediomaculata (Mitra), Sowb, Zool. Proc., 255,1870 184 Mediterranea (Nassa), Risso. Eur. Mer. iv, 170. = N. mutabilis, Linn. Megaptygma, Conrad. Proc. Philad. Acad., 563, 1862; Gabb. Philad. Proc., 292, 1876. = Volutifusus, Conrad. Megaspira (Voluta), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 150, 1844 95 29 226 INDEX. Megaspira (Voluta), Adams. Ann. Mag., June, 1876. = V. Hamillei, Cr. Melaleuca (Mitra), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., ii, 657, t. 45, bis, f. 26, 27. ? = M. australis, Swn. Melaniana (Mitra), Lamarck. Ann. du Mus., 212 127 Melanioides (Nassa), Rve. Iconog., f. 150, 1853 61 Melanoides (Bullia), Desh. Voy. Belang., 430, t. 2, f. 3, 4... 14 Melo (Voluta), Soland. = Melo Indica, Gmel. Melo, Humphrey. Mus. Calonn., 1797; Sowerby, Genera, 1827 75, 80 Melongena (Mitra), Lamarck. An. sans Vert., vii, 309 166 Mendica (Nassa), Gould. Otia Conch., 70,1849 56 Mica (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 314, 1845. = T. cselata, Reeve. Micans (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 285, 1845 129 Micans (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 106, 1851. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Michaudi (Turricula), Crosse & Fisher. Jour, de Conch., 337, 1864. =.M. Deshayesii, Reeve. Microstoma (Nassa), Pease. Zool. Proc., 145, 1860. — N. paupera, Gould. Microstoma (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch , f. 291, 1874. = M. pellis-serpentis, Reeve. Microvoluta, Angas. Zool. Proc., 34, 1877 76 Microzonias (Mitra), Schrenck. Moll. Amurl., 451. ? = M. Kraussii, Dunker. Microzonias (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim., vii, 320 183 Miga (Nassa), Brug. Diet., No. 41 42 Militaris (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 236, 1845 171 Milium (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 257, 1845 160 Millecostata (Mitra), Swainson. Brod., Zool. Proc., 1835 185 ^Mitra), La (Melo), Gray. Griffith's Animal Kingdom, t. 29. Millepora (3 Miltonis CM Lamarck. Ann., No. 5. == M. digitalis (Chemn.), Dillw. = M. diadema, Lam , var. Miniata (Mitra), Anton. Verzeichn., 67, 1839. = M. peregra, Reeve. Minor (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 14, 1877 63 Minor (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 167, f. 662, 1874. = M. tabanula, Lam Minutum (Buccinum), Pennant. Brit. Zool., iv, 122, t. 79. = Nassa incrassata, Strom. Mirabilis (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 136, 1851. = T. angulosa, Kiister. Mirifica (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 278, 1845 161 Mitch elini (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 259, 1874. = M. limbifera, Lam. Mitch elinii (Mitra), Guerin. Mag. de Zool., t. 38, 1830. = M. aurantia, Gmelin. Mitis (Turbinella), Lam. Auim. sans Vert., ix, 382. = Vasum capitellum, Linn. Mitis (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, .'88. = V. vespertilio, Linn. Mitra, Lamarck, Prodr., 1799; Syst,, 74, 1801 108, 109 Mitraeformis (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 404; Proc. Zool. Soc., 54, 1864 103 Mitralis (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 108, 1851 = N. tamia, Gmel. Mitraria, Rafinesque. Anal. Nat., 1815. := Mitra. Lam. Mitrella, Swainson (not Risso), Elem., 1835 ; Malacol., 129, 321, 1840. = Swainsonia, H. & A. Ad. Mitreola, Swainson, Elem., 1835 ; Malacol., 129, 320, 1840. = Strigatella, Sw. Mitroidea, Pease. Zool. Proc., 514, 1865 109, 162 Mitrolites, Krug. Urw., ii, 431, 1823. = Mitra, Lam. INDEX. 227 PAGE. Mitromorpha. A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., xv, 322, 1805. = Pleurotomidse. Mitropsis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 211, 1867. — Columbellidse. Modesta (Truncaria). Pow's. Zool Proc., 188*, p. 94 10 Modesta (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 254, 1845 170 Modesta (Voluta), Wood. Cab. Suppl., f. 24. = V. flavicans, Gmel. Modesta (Turricula), Pease (not Rve.) Am. Jour. Conch., 212, t. 15, f. 0, 1867. ^ T. Gruneri, Reeve. Modicella (Turricula), Garrett. Jour, of Conch., iii, 53, 1880 195 Moesta (Nassa), Hinds. Zool. Voy. Sulphur, 36, t. 9, f. 18, 19, 1844. - N. exilis, Powis. Molleri (Mitra), Kiister. Conch. Cab.. 109, t, 17a, f. 12-14 154 Molopophorus, Gabb. Pal. Calif., ii, 156, 1869. r^ S. G. of Bullia, Gray. 7 Moltkiana (Voluta), Mart. H. & A. Adams' Genera, i, 161 101 Monile (Nassa), Ki-ner. Bucc , 68, t. 11, f. 40 28 Monilifera (Mitra), C. B. Ad. Contrib. Conch., 57, 1850. = T. microzonias. Lam. Moniliferum (Bullia), Val. Kiener, Coq. Viv., t. 3, f. 8. — B. arrnata, Gray. Monoceros, Fleming. Brit. An , 342, 1828. = Alectrion, Montf. Montrouzieri (Mitra), Tapparone-Canefri. Ann. Mus. Genera, vi, 1874. = T. tricolor, Montr. Montrouzieri (Mitra), Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 282, t, 13, f. 1, 1875. 170 M.irchii (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 134, t. 28, f. 5, 1854. M. Isabella, Swn. Morleti (Nassa), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xv, 445, 1867. =N. fossata, Gld. Morrissii (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 60, 1847. = Phos plicopus, Dunker (vol. iii). Mozambicensis (Bullia), Smith. Zool. Proc., 719, t. 75, f. 18, 1877 14 Mucronata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 105, 1851. = N.'monile, Kiener. Mucronata (Mitra), Swainson. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,-f. 125, 1844 174 Mucronata (Melo), Brod. Sowb., 1855. = M. diadema, Lam., var. ducalis. Multicostata (Voluta). Brod. Zool. Jour., iii, t. 3, f. 2. V. Mitrasformis, Lam. Multicostata (Mitra), Swainson. Brod., Zool. Proc., 1835. = T. aureolata, Swn. Multicostata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 98, 1851 54 Multigranosa (Nassa), Dunk'.r. Zeit. Mai., 61, 1847. - N. pauperatn, Lam. Multilirata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 135, 1851. Multilineata (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 11,1877 63 Multiplicata (. \litroidea), Pease. Zool. Proc., 514, 1865: Garrett in Leeds Jour. Conch., iii, 68.. 162 Munieriana (Nassa), Crosse. Jour. Conch., 345, t. 13, f. 6, 1864 57 Muricata (Mitra), Swainson. Brod., Zool. Proc.. 1835. = M. lens. Wood. Muricata (Nassa), Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Astrol., ii, 450, t, 32, f. 32, 33... 44 Muricata (Turbinella), Encyc. Meth., t. 431, bis, f. 4. = Vasum capitellum, Linn. Muricatum (Vasum), Born. Mus. 233 71 Muriculata (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert. Edit. Desh., x, 333 191 Musica (Voluta), Linn. Syst, Nat. Edit , xii, 1194 8S * Musica, Humphrey. Mus. Galon., 18, 1797; Fischer, Jour, de Conch. 105, 1879. = Voluta, Linn. Musicalis (Voluta), Mart, H. & A. Adams' Genera, i, 165. = V. virescens, Solander. 228 INDEX. Musiva (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 153, 1850. = N. picta, Bunker. Mustelina (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 331, 1860. ? = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Mutabilis (Mitra), Reeve Conch. Icon., f. 235, 1845. = T. cadaverosa, Reeve. Mutabilis (Nassa), Linn, Syst. Nat Edit., xii, 1201.... 22 Mutellina (Mitra), Duclos. H. & A. Adams' Genera, i, 174 159 Mutyca, H. & A. Adams' Genera, i. 172. = Mitroidea, Pease. Myristica (Nassa), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 36, t. 9, f. 10, 11, 1844 45 Nana (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 102, 1851. := N. Jonasi, Bunker. Nana, Schum (pars.). Nouv. Syst. 225, 1817, = Neritula, Plancus. Nana (Voluta), Anton. Verzeichn., 70, 1839 101 Nanina, Ri?so. Hist. Nat., iv, 1826. = Neritula, Plancus. Nanus (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 194, 1844. — M. aurantia, Gmel. Napus (Turbinella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., ix, 377. = T. pyrum. Linn. Nasica (Voluta), Schubert and Wagner, t. 217, f. 3031, 3032. = V. angulata, Swains. Nassa, Lamarck. Prodr., 71, 1799 .' 6, 17 Naesodonta, H Adans. Zool. Proc., 445, t. 38, f. 8, 1866. ? = Zeuxis, H. & A. Adams 6 Nassoides (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch, f. 631, 1874 152 Nassula (Buccinum), V. Salis. Reise, 367. = Nassa reticulata, Linn. Nasuta (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 623, 1874 169 Natalensis (Bullia), Krauss. Siidaf. Moll., 121, t 6, f. 16. = B. digitalis, Meusch., var 12 Nautica (Melo), Lam. Edit. Besh., x, 374. == M. .Ethiopica, Linn. Navicula (Cymba), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3467. = C. Neptuni, Gmel. Naytia, H. & A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 118. = S. G. of Nassa, Mart 6 Nebularia, Swainson. Malacol., 319, 1840. = Mitra, Lam. Nebulosa (Mitra), Swainson. Brod., Zool. Proc., 1835. = M. versicolor, Mart. Nebulosa (Mitra), Reeve. Icon., f. 3. = M. erronea, Bohrn. Neptuni (Cymbium), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3467 80 Neritea (Neritula), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1201 64 Neritula, Plancus. Conch. Min. nob,, 27, 1739 7, 64 Nevillei (Mitra), Hanley. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 306, 1874. = M. zephyrina, Bucl. Newcombii (Mitra), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., v, 69, 1869 131 Nexilis (Mitra), Marty n. Univ. Conch., t. 22, = M. filaris, Linn., var. Nicobarica (Mitra), Frauenfeld. Voy. Novara, 7, t. 1, f. 5, 1865 190 Nigella (Nassa), Reeve. Icon., f. 173, 1854 61 Nigra (Nassa), Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Astrol. et Zel., v, 78, t. 21, f. 18, 19, 1853 41 Nigra (Mitra), Billwyn (not Chemn.). Besc. Cat., i, 553. = M. melaniana, Lam. Nigra (Mitra), Quoy. Reeve, Conch., Icon , f. 109. = M. abbreviata, Sowb. Nigra, (Mitra), Quoy. Astrol., ii, 644, t. 45, f. 16-18. =s= M. Quoyi, Besh. Nigricans (Strigatella), Pease. Zool. Proc., 514, 1865; Am. Jour. Conch., 215, 1867 153 Nigrofasciata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 313, 1874. = T. luculenta, Reeve. Niotha, H. & A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 117. = S. G. of Nassa, Mart. 7 INDEX. 229 PAGB. Nisotum (Buccinum), Potiez et Michaud. Galerie, i, 378, 1838 62 Nitons (Mitra), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv, 241. M. cornicula, Linn. Nitens (Mitra), Kiener. Mitra, t. 29, f. 96. M. annulate, Reeve. Nitida (Mitra). A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 189, 1851 122 Nitida (Nassa) Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, 349, 18(57. N. reticulata, L., var. Nitidula (Nassa), Ad. Jay's Catalogue 62 Nitidulum (Buccinum), Linn. Hanley. = N. Cuvieri, Payr. Nivea (Mitra), Swainson. Brod., Zool. Proc., 1835 137 Nivea (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 110, 1851 57 Nivifer (Nassa), Marrat. Vars., No. 1400 64 Nivosa (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 9, 1877 52 Nivosa (Voluta), Lam. Edit, Desh., x, 389 86 Nivosa (Mitra), Swains. Bligh Cat, Exot. Conch. App. M. versicolor, Martyn. Nobilis (Voluta), Solander. Gray, Zool. Proc., 02 1855. V. scapha, Grael. Nodata (Nassa), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 36, t. 9, f. 14, 15, 1844 46 Nodicincta (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 110, 1851 63 Nodicostata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 99, 1851. = N. fissilabris, A. Ad. Nodifera (Nassa), Powis. Zool. Proc.. 95, 1835. ? = N. hirta, Kiener. Nodilirata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 136, 1851. - T. mucronata, Swains. Nodosa (Nassa), Marrat, Vars. of Nassa, 77, 1880 <;:! Nodosa (Mitra), Swainson. Philos. Mag.. 401, 1823. 03 Nodulifera (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool Proc , 140, 1851 ; Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 550 170 Nodulifera (Nassa), Phil. Zeit, Mai., 136, 1848; Abbild. Bucc., t, 1, f. 3. ? = N. echinata, A. Ad. Nodulosa (Turricula). Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 214, 1867 192 Nodulosa (Mitra), var. B, Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3453. = M. granulosa, Lain. Nodulosa (Nassa), Marrat. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser.. xii, 426, 1873. = N. granifera, Kiener. Nodulosa (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 396. = V. musica, L., var. polypleura. Norrisii (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 6, 1844 137 Norrisii (Voluta), Gray. Jardine's Annals, i, 414, 1838; Sowb., Zool, Proc., 150, 1844 86 Northia, Gray. Zool. Proc., 140, 1847 5 Northiae (Buccinum), Gray. Griffith's Cuvier, t. 36, f. 3. = Northia serrata Dufresne. Novae-boracense (Nassa), Wood. Index Test. Suppl., t. 4, f. 26. — N. obsoleta, Say. Novte-Hollandiae (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 368, 417, 1874. ^= M. flammea, Quoy. Novae-ZelandiaB (Nassa), Reeve. Icon., f. 186, 1854. ? = N. nigra, Hombr. et Jacq., var. Nubila (Mitra), Gmel. (var. A). Syst. Nat., 3450. = M. versicolor, Mart Nubila (Mitra), Gmel. (var. B). Syst, Nat., 3450. — M. versicolor, Martyn. Nucea (Nassa), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., v, 70, t. 8, f. 7, 1870 61 Nucea (Cylindra), Gronovius. Zoophylacium, Pt. 3, t. 18, f. 11 195 Nucleola (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 337 134 Nucleola (Mitra), Lamarck. Ann., No. 64; Kiener, Iconog., 84, t. 26, f. 83 ,. 145 230 INDEX. Nucleolus (Nassa), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 52, 1846 49 Nucleus (Lyria), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 405 102 Nux (Cylindra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 187, 1874 197 Nux-avellana (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 368, 1860; Mai. Blatt., viii, 137. = M. pudica, Pease. Nympha (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 249, 1845. = M. variegata, Reeve. Obeliscus (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 107, 1844 179 Obesa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 87, 1844. = Cylindra dactylus, Linn. Obesa (Nassa1), G. & H. Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 95, t. 5, f. 2, 3, 1875 '. 29 Obliqua (Nassa), Pease. Zool. Proc., 513, 1865. — N. granifera, Kiener. Obliqua (Nassa), Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. au Pol sud, v, 84, t. 21, f. 43, 44, 1854 = N. granifera, Kiener. Obliqua (Nassa), Kiener. Monog. Buccin., t. 31, f. 4 27 Obliqua (Mitra), Lesson. Rev. Zool., 142, 1842 120 Obliquata (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit. Desh., x, 339 158 Obliquata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 105, 1851. ? = N. picta, Bunker. Obliqueplicata (Nassa), Bunker. Zeit. Mai., 61, 1847; Phil., Abbild. Bucc.. t. 1, f. 13. = N. miga, Brug. Obliquum (Bucc ), Brocchi. Conch, foss., ii, 336, t. 4, f. 16. — N. mutabilis, Linn. Oblonga (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 5 63 Obscura (Mitra), Humphrey Cat. H. & A. Ad Genera, i, 170 159 Obscura (Mitra), Hutton. Cat. N. Zeal. Moll., 19; Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., xviii,21, 1878 158 Obsoleta (Nassa), Say. Jour, Philad. Acad., ii. 232, 1822 60 Obsoleta (Mitra), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., 1, 230. = M. Columbellaria, Scacchi. Obtusispinosa (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 373, 1874. = T. mucronata, Swains. Obtusata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 100, 1851 40 Ocellata (Mitra), Swainson. Zool Illust., 2d ser. = M. fissurata, Lam. Oleacea (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 105, 1844. = M. scutulata, Lam. Olivacea (Mitra), Anton. Verzeichn., 68, 1839 195 Olivacea (Nassa), Brug. Bict. No. 38. = N. tsenia, Gmel. Olivaceum (Bucc.), Belle-Chiaje., t. 47, f. 14, 15. = N. corniculum, Olivi. Olivaeformis (Mitra), Swainson. Zool. Illust., 2d ser 131 Olivaria (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit. Besh., x, 309. = Cylindra nucea, Gron. Olivaria (Mitra), Sowb. Index, Thes. Conch. = Cylindra nucea, Gronov. Oliviforme (Buccinum), Kiener, t. 25, f. 99. = N. obsoleta. Say. Olivoidea (Mitra), Cantraine. Bull. Acad. Brux., 391, 1835. = M. Columbellaria, Scacchi. Olla (Cymba), Linn. Syst. Nat., 1196 ; Reeve, Ann. Mag., Nat. Hist., 3 ser., vii, 273 80 Onerata (Nassa), Besh. Conch. He Bourbon, 130, t. 12, f. 24, 25, 1863. i= N. granifera, Kiener. Oniscina (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit. Besh., x, 340 133 Optata (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 331, 1860 63 Orbiculata (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc , 102, 1851. = N. Kraussiana, Bunker... 25 Ordinata (Mitra), Pease (ubi). Psetel Cat 159 Oriens (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. No. 552 , 64 INDEX. 231 PAGE. Orientalis (Mitra), Gray. Griffith's Animal Kingdom, t. 40, f. 5, 1834. = M. Maura, Swainson.- Ornata (Mitra), Schub. & Wagn. Conchy 1., t. 225, f. 3098, 3099 195 Ornata (Mitra), Kiemr. Icon., t. 3, f. 8. = M. Rossiae, Reeve. Ornata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 135, 1851 169 Ornata (Nassa), Kiener. Bucc., 80, t. 21, f. 83. = N. stolata, Gmel. Osidiris (Mitra), Issel. Mai. Mar Rosso, 263, t. 3, f. 9, 1869 191 Ossea (Mitra), Reeve. Couch. Icon., f. 219, 1844. = Imbricaria punctata, Swn. Osseum (Buccinum), Menke. Cat. No. 624; Mai. Blatt, xviii, 126, 1871. 16 Otocheilus, Conr. Am. Journ. Conch., i, 24, 1865. = Cithara (Pleurotornidae.) 78 Ovoidea (Turbinella), Kiener. Iconog., 7, t. 17, f. 1 70 Pacifica (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 272. = T. cadaverosa, Reeve. Pacifica (Voluta), Soland. Port, Cat., 190 94 Pseteli (Mitra), Dohrn. Mai. Blatt, vii, 125, 1861 152 Pagoda (Nassa), Reeve. Icon. Triton, f. 97, 1844 45 Paligera (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 515, 1874 189 Pallida (Mitra), Pease. Zool. Proc., 146, 1860 159 Pallida (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 139, 1851 150 Pallida (Nassa), Powis. Zool. Proc., 96, 1835 = Phos (vol. iii). Pallida (Mitra), Issel. Ann. Mus. Genova, xi, 418, fig. 1, 1878. = M. tricolor, Gmel. • Pallida (Voluta), var., Kiener. Monog., t. 43 f. 12. ? := V. maculata, Swains. Pallida (Voluta), Gray. Griffith's Cuvier, t. 30, f. 4, 1834. — V. volva, Gmel. Pallidula (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 106, 1851. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Panamensis (Nassa), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat. No. 51 ; Carpenter, Second Report, 179. = N. exilis, Powis. Papalis (Mitra), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit , xii, 1194 Ill Papillaris (Voluta), Reeve. Icon., f. 10, 1849. = V. papillosa, Swains. Papillaris (Voluta), Gmelin. = Cymbium olla, Linn. Papillatum (Cymba), Schum. Essai Nouv. Syst., 237. = C. olla, Linn. Papillosa (Voluta), Swains. Bligh, Cat. App 96 Papilloea (Nassa), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1200 30 Paranassa, Conrad. Am. Journ. Conch., iii, 262, t. 19, f. 6, 1867. = S. G. of Ptychosalpinx, Gill 8 Pardalis (Mitra), Kiister. Conch. Cab.. 105, t. 17, f. 14, 15 183 Parva (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 83, 1880 63 Patriarchalis (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 318 191 Patula (Cymba), Brod. Spec. Conch., 5, f. 2, a, b. • Pouton, Zool. Proc., 375, 1868. = C. Neptuni, Gmel. Patula (Mitra). Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 333, 1845 125 Paucicostata (Nassa), Marrat, New Forms of Nassa, 11, 1877. N. vibex, Say. Paupera (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 155, 1850 ; Moll. Wilkes' Exp., 262, f.330 ! 47 Pauperata (Nassa), Lam. Edit, Desh., x, 183 52 Paupercula (Mitra), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., 12, 1190 156 Paupercula (Mitra), Schroeter. Einl., i, 217, 1. 1, f. 11. = M. retusa, Lam. Paytense (Bullia), Val. Kiener, Coq. Viv., t. 6, f. 16. = B. cochlidium, Kiener. Peasei (Mitra). Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 366, 1860. = M. Isabella, Swn. Peasei (Turricula) Garrett. Jour of Conch., iii, 57, 1880 166 232 INDEX. Peculiaris (Mitra), Reeve. Conch Icon., f, 305, 1865. ? = M. typha, Reeve. Pedersenii (Enseta), Verrill. Am. Jour. Sci., N. 8., xlix, 226, 1870 104 Pediculina (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 332, 1860 63 Pediculus (Mitra), Lamarck. Ann. Mus., No. 80. = M. tabanula, Lam. Pellis-serpentis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 66, 1844 151 Pellis-serpentis (Voluta), Lam. Edit, Desh., i, 386 = V. vespertilio, Linn. Pellucida (Neritula), Risso. Eur. Merid., 271 65 Pepo (Voluta), Solander, teste Gray. = Cymbium Neptuni, Gmel. Perdicina (Voluta), Schub. et Wagner. = Lyria nucleus, Lam. Peregra (Mitra), Reeve. Csnch. Icon., f. 186, 1844 144 Peritrema (Nassa), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Linn. Soc N. S. Wales, iv, 21, t. 4, f. 5, 1879 48 Perlata (Nassa), Meuschen. = N. granifera, Kiener. Perpinguis (Nassa), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 36, t. 9, f. 12, 13 56 Perronii (Mitra), Lam. Ann., No. 71. = M. aurantia, Gmelin. Persica (Bullia), E. Smith. Zool. Proc., 730, t. 46, f. 11, 1878 13 Persica (Cymba), Mart. = C. Neptuni, Gmel. Persica (Nassa), von Martens. Vord. Asiat. Conch., 94, t. 5, f . 47. = N. leptospira, A. Ad. Pertusa (Mitra), Linn Syst. Nat. Edit., 12, 1193. ? = M. digitalis (Chemn), Dillw. Pertusa (Mitra), Linn. ? Dillw., Desc. Cat., 558. = M. cardinalis, Gmel. Petrosa (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 314, 1874 124 Pfeifferi (Nassa), Phil. Abbild., iii, Buc.. 45, t. 1, f. 7. = N. conspersa, Phil. Pharaonis (Mitra), GSne". Issel, Mai. Mar. Risso, 119, t, 3, f. 8, 1869. = T. cadaverosa, Rve. Pharaonis (Mitra), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., 9, t. 3, f. 1, 1872. = T. Appelii, Jickeli. Philippiana (Mitra), Forbes. JEg. Invert., 191. = M. cornicula, Linn. Philippii (Dibaphus), Crosse. Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1860, t. 3, f. lf 1858.. 164 Philippinarum (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 141, 1851 141 Philippinarum (Cymba), Mart. = C. olla, Linn. Phrontis, H. and A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 117. = 8. G. of Nassa, Mart 6 Pia (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 366, 1860 139 Pica (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 247, 184'5 *.... 125 Pica (Mitra), Chemn. Conch Cab., xi, 24, f, 1721, 1722. ? = M. paupercula, Linn. Picea (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 658, 1874 150 Picea (Strigatella), Pease. Zool. Proc., 146, 1860 150 Picta (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 172, 1846 35 Picta (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 123, 1844. — M. Barbadensis, Gmel. Picta (Mitra), Danilo et Sandri. Brueina, Verh. Zool. Bot. Wien, xv, 15, 1865. = M. tricolor, Gmel. Picturata (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 78, 1880 63 Pigra (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 133, 1851 120 Pingue (Bucc.), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 61, 1851. = Nassa 62 Pinguis (Desmoulea), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 113, 1851 65 Pinguis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 304, 1845. = T. nodosa, Swains. Piperita (Voluta), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 150, 1844 87 Pisolina (Mitra), Lamarck. ±= T. dermestina, Lam., var. INDEX. 233 PAOB. Planaxis, Risso. Hist. Nat, iv, 172, 1826. =; Tritia, Risso. Planilirata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 184. = M. Solandri, Rve. Planicostata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 108, 1851 34 Plebecula (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., 332, 1860. = N. paupera, Gld. Plebeja (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 368, 1860; Mai. Blatt, viii, 137, 1862. = M. latruncularia, Reeve. Pleioptygma, Conrad. Proc. Philad. Acad., 563, 1862 78 Plicaria (Mitra), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., x, 732, 1758. = T. plicata, Klein. Plicata (Mitra), Klein. Reeve, Icon., f. 56 :... 167 Plicata (Nassa), Bolt. — N. pulla,. Linn. Plicata (Nassa), Pease MSS. Carpenter, Z Proc., 516, 1865. = N. taenia, Gmel. Plicata (Voluta), Dillw. Desc. Cat., i, 563. = V. musica, L., var. sulcata. Plicatella (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., viii, 280, 1862 63 Plicatella (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., iii, 1851 58 Plicatissima (Mitra), Kiister. Conch. Cab., 119, t. 17 b, f. 11, 12 188 Plicatula (Mitra), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., 1867, t. 15, f. 4. = Turr. Emilias, Schmeltz. Plieatula (Mitra), Brocchi. Foss. Subap., ii, 318, t. 4, f. 7 ; Petit, Cat. Test. Eur., 281. = M. ebenus, Lam. Plicatula (Nassa), Dunker. Godeffroy Exped. Cat. — N. picta, Dunker. Plicosa (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., iii, 1846; Marrat, No. 1309. = Phos (vol. iii). Plumbea (Mitra), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 332. = M. ebenus, Lam. Plumbea (Mitra), Lamarck. Reeve, Icon., f. 156; Sowb., Thes. — M. cornicula, Linn., var. Polita (Mitra) Reeve. Conch., Icon., f. 94, 1844 126 Polita (Bullia), Gray. Voy. Blossom, 126, 1839. := B. polita, Lam. Polita (Bullia), Deshayes. Voy. Belanger, t. 3, f. 1, 2. = B. Belangeri, Kiener 16 Polita (Bullia), Lam. An. s.Vert., x, 162 15 Polita (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 79, 1880. ? — N. gaudiosa, Hinds. I Politum (Teinostoma), A. Ad. = Rotellidse. Politum (Bucc.), Bivona. = Nassa cornicula, Olivi. Polygonata (Nassa), var., Kiener. Buccin., 92, t. 27, f. 107. = N. Jacksoniana, Quoy. Polygonata (Nassa), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 184. ? = N. vibex, Say. Polygonata (Nassa), Reeve (not Lam.). Icon., f. 123. = N. rufolineata. Marrat. Polypleura (Voluta), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 163, t. 5, f. 6, 1876. — V. musica, L., var. Polyzonalis (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh , x, 394. = V. virescens, Soland. Ponderosa (Nassa), Reeve. Icon., f. 196, 1854. = Desmoulea pinguis, A. Ad. Pontificalis (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 300 Ill Porcata (Mitra), Humphrey. Reeve, Icon., f. 187, 1844. = M. peregra, Reeve. Porcina (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 383. = Cymbium proboscidale, Lam. Porphyretica (Mitra), Keeve. Conch. Icon., f. 195, 1844 191 Potensis (Mitra), Montrouz. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iii, 374, 1859; iv, 120, 1866. == Cylindra dactylus, Lam., var. Prsecallosa (Nassa), Marrat, New Forms of Nassa, 11, 1877 63 30 234 INDEX. Prsetexta (Voluta), Reeve. Icon., f. 29, 1849 94 Prsetexta (Mitra), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 258, 1870. = T. Zebuensis, Rve. Pretiosa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 116, 1844. = M. crenifera, Lam., juv. Prevostiana (Voluta), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., xviii. 165, 1878; xix, 41, t. 1 ; t. 2, f. 1, 1879 95 Prismatica (Nassa), Brocchi. Conch, foss., ii, 337, t. 5, f. 7. = N. clathrata, Born. Prismatica (Nassa), Monterosato. Nuova Revista, 40; Aradas & Benoit, 292. = N. denticulata, A. Ad. Prismatica (Nassa), Monterosato (non Brocchi). = N. renovata, Monts. Pristis (Northia), Deshayes. An. s. Vert., x, 192. = N. serrata, Dufresne. Proboscidale (Cymbium), Lam. An. sans Vert. Edit. Desh., x, 382 79 Productum (Cymbium), Lowe. Linn., Proc., v, 169, 1860. = C. olla, Linn. Prompta (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 77, 1880 49 Propinqua (Turricula), Garrett. Jour, of Conch., iii, 58, 1880 152 Propinqua (Mitra), Sowerby (not A. Ad.). Thes , sp. 22, f. £9, 1874 112 Propinqua (Mitra), Garrett. Jour, of Conch , iii, 22, 1880 171 Propinqua (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 270, 1851. = M. versicolor, Mart, 112 Propinqua (Nassa), J. Sowb. Min. Conch. = N corniculum, Oliv. Proscissa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 177, 1844 147 Proxima (Turricula), Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 98, 1875. = Var. of T. cruentata, Chemn. Proxima (Nassa), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat., No. 52, 1852. = N. versicoior, Ad. Pruinosa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 171, 1844 142 Psephaea, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xix, 302, 1871. = Voluta, Linn., sect 98 Pseudostrombus, Klein. Ostracol., 35, 1753. = S. G. of Bullia, Gray 6 Ptychoris, Gabb. Proc. Philad. Acad., 291, 1876 77 Ptychosalpinx, Gill. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 153, 1867; Conrad, Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 261, 1867 7 Puella (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 276, 1845 184 Pugillaris (Turbinella). Lam. Hist., vii, 104. = Vasum muricatum, Born. Pulchella (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 142, 1844. = T. dermestina, Lam. Pulchella (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc,, 108, 1851. — N. Capensis, Krauss, var. Pulcherrima (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 10. t, 1, f. 15, 1871. ? — N. concinna, Powis. Pulchra (Turricula), Garrett. Jour, of Conch , iii, 56, 1880 177 Pulchra (Desmoulea), Gray. Ann. Nat. Hist., i, 29, 1838 65 Pulchra (Voluta), Sowb. Tankerv. Cat., t. 3, f. 2 86 Pulla (Nassa), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii. 1201 24 Pullata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 102, 1844. = T. plicata, Klein. Pullus (Buccinum), Burrows. Elem., 147, t. 16, f. 4. = Nassa gibbosula, Linn. Pullus (Buccinum), Pennant. Brit. Zool., t. 72, f. 92. = Nassa reticulata, L. Pumilio (Nassa), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 782, t. 75, f 11, 1871 57 Pumilio (Voluta), Brusina. Verh. Zool. Bot. Vereins, xv, 13, 1865 101 Punctata (Nassa), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 105, 1851 35 Punctata (Mitra), Swains. Zool. Illust,, 2d ser 197 INDEX. 235 PAGE. Punctata (Voluta), Swains. Zool. Illust., i, t. 161 89 Punctata (Voluta), Kiener. Monog. t. 46, f. 1. = V. flavicans, Gmel. Punctatus (Conoelix), Swains. Zool. 111., 1st ser., i, t. 24, f. 3. = Imbricaria 198 Puncticulata (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit., Desh., x, 312, 115 Puncto-lirata (Mitra), A. Ad. Jour. Linn. Soc., vii, 199, 1864 136 Punctostriata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc .. 134, 1854 159 Puncturata (Mitra), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 798, t, 48, f. 5, 1878 179 Pupinoides (Nassa), Reeve. Icon., f. 162, 1853. = N. glabrata, A. Ad, Pupula (Turricula), Bunker. Cat. Godeff. Mus., No. 4, 84 193 Pudica (Mitra), Pease. Zool, Proc., 146, 1860 150 Pura (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 136, 1851. = M. carnicolor, Reeve. Pura (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 13, 1877 63 Purpurata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch Icon., f. 275 175 Pusia, Swainson. Malacol., 320, 1840. = Turricula, Klein, sect 182 Pusilla (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 82, 1880 Pusilla (Mitra), King. Zool. Journal, v, 349 152 Pusilla (Turricula), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 141, 1851 194 Pusilla (Lyria), Schrenck. Bull. St. Petersb., v, 514; Amur. L. Moll., 445, t. 17, f. 13-15 103 Pusilla (Mitra), Bivona. Nuove Gen., 23, t. 8, f. 3. = M. tricolor, Gmel. Pusio (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 100, 1851 54 Pusio (Mitra), Phil. Zeit, Mai., 29, 1850; 85, 1851. Pusio (Vroluta), Swains. Zool. Illust., t. 181. = V. virescens, Soland. Pusiola (Nassa), Dunker. Marrat, Vars. of Nassa, No. 285 64 Putillus (Turricula), Pease. Zool. Proc., 1865; Am. Jour. Conch., 214, t. 15, f. 24, 1867 190 Pygnuea (Nassa), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, 154. = N. incrassata, Strom., var. 49 Pygmasa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 268, ; Catlow's Nomenclator. M. Capensis, Dunker. Pyramidalis (Desmoulea), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 113, 1851 66 Pyramidalis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 208, 1844 187 Pyramidella (Mitra), Brocchi. Foss. Subapp., ii, 318, t. 4, f. 5. = M. ebenus, Lam. Pyramidella (Turricula), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., ix, 297, 1862 195 Pyramis (Voluta), Wood. Index Test. = Mitra cancellata, Swains. Pyrum (Turbinella), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1195 68 Quadrata (Nassa), Marr. Vars., No. 1480, 1880. = N. stigmaria, A. Ad. Quantula (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 331, 1860 63 Quercina (Nassa). Marrat, Vars. of Nassa, 80, 1880. ? = N. cornicula, Olivi. Quinquecostata (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 82, 1880 63 Quisquiliarum (Bucc.), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 62, 1851 62 Quoyi (Mitra), Deshayes. Lam., Edit., 2, x, 348 122 Quoyii (Nassa), Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. au Pol sud, v, 79, t. 21, f. 20-22, 1854. := N. cremata, Hinds. Radiata (Mitra), Schum. Essai, Nouv. Syst., 238, 1817. — M. paupercula, Linn. Radiata (Marginella), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 436. = Voluta zebra, Leach. Radula (Cylindra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 183, 1874 196 Radius (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 309, 1845; Nevill, Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 100, 1875 166 Radix (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 552, 1874 180 236 INDEX. Ramosa (Melo), Meuschen. H. and A. Adams' Genera. = M. diadema, Lam. Rapa (Turbinella), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3458. = T. pyrum, Linn. Rapum, Humph. Mus. Gallon. (Swainson), 1797. = Turbinella, Lam. Raricosta (Planaxis), Risso. Eur. Merid., 174, f. 106. = N. cornicula, Olivi. Ravida (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 97, 1851. := N. splendidula, Dkr. Rawsoni (Turricula) Morch. Jour, de Conch., 373, 1876 173 Reata (Nassa), Gould. Marrat, Vars. of Nassa, No. 830. = N. beata. Gld. Recediva (Nassa), Marr. Vars. of Nassa, No. 1463. = Var. of N. conferta, Mart 64 Recdlateris (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 404, 1874.. 175 Recurva (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 297. 1845 160 Reeveana (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 62, 1847 ; Phil., Abbild. Bucc., t. 2, f. 3. = N. picta, Dunker. Reevei (Mitra), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 23, 1450. = M. tessellata, Martyn. Reevei (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 109, 1.851. = N. fossata, Gld. Reevei (Voluta), Sowb. Thes Conch., 269. := V. praetexta, Reeve. Regia (Melo), Brod. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 83, f. 26, 27. = M. Broderipii, Gray. Regia (Melo), Schub. et Wagn. Conch. Cab., xii, 13, t. 218, f. 3038, 3039. = M. ./Ethiopica, Linn, var. Regina (Mitra), Sowb. Genera of Shells 164 Regularis (Nassa), Kiister. Buccinum, 68, t. 12, f. 23, 24. = N. signata, Dunker. Renovata (Nassa), Monterosato. Enum. e Synon., 43; Bull. Soc., Mai. Ital., vi, 259. = N. denticulata, A. Ad. Reposta (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 331, 1860 63 Reticosa (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 97, 1851. = N. stigmaria, A. Ad. Reticulata (Mitra), Pease. Thes. Conch., f, 290. = M. pellis-serpentis, Keeve. Reticulata (Nassa), Quoy (not Linn.) Voy. Astrol., ii, 444, t. 32, f. 16, 17. =N. cremata, var. margaritifera. Reticulata (Nassa), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., x, 740 58 Reticulata (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 136, 1851 159 Reticulata (Voluta) Reeve. Zool. Proc., 144, 1843 94 Reticulata (Voluta), Sowb. (nee Reeve.) Thes. Conch., f. 47, 48. == V. Reevei, Sowb. Retusa (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 319 156 Retusa (Desmoulea), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 158 66 Rhinoceros (Vasum), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3458 71 Rhodia (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 225, 1845 127 Rhodostoma (Bullia), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 25, 1847. = B. digitalis, Meusch. Rigida (Mitra), Swainson. Zool. 111., i, t. 29. = T. semifasciata, Lam. Rigida (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 169. = T. Deshayesii, Reeve. Ringens (Bucc.), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 59, 1851 62 Ringens (Desmoulea), A. Ad. Zool. Proc , 42, t. 27, f. 6, 1854 „ 66 Riparia (Planaxis), Risso. Eur. Merid , 75. = N. Cuvieri, Payr. Rissoides (Northia), Reeve. Iconica, Pleurotoma, f. Ill 9 Rissoides (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 14, t. 1, f. 25, 1877 48 Roadnightae (Voluta), M'Coy. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5, ser. viii, 89, t. 7, f. 1,2, 1881 96 Roborea (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 306, 1845 140 Robusta (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 140. = M. Ziervogeliana, Gmel., var. INDEX. 237 PAGE. Hoissyi (Nassa), Desh. Voy. Belanger, 482, t, 3, f. 3, 4, 1834 57 Holland! (Mit-a), Bernardi. Jour, de Conch., iv, 67, t. 2, f. 6, 7, 1853. ? Imbricaria carbonacea, Hinds. Rorata (Turricula), Gould. Sowb. Thes.,f. 240. = T. militaris, Reeve, llorata (Mitra), Gould. Bost Proc., iii, 171, 1850. = T. Zebuensis, Reeve. Rosacea (Nassa). Reeve. Icon., f. 183, 1854 49 Rosacea ( Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f 321, 1845. M. annulata, Reeve. Rosea (Mitra), Swainson. Brod., Zool. Proc., 1835 189 Rosea (Mitra), Kiener. Icon., 83, t. 23, f. 7-!. M. crebrilirata, Reeve. Rosea (Mitra), Dticlos. = T. subulata, L-im. Roseata (Thala), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 135, 1854 160 Roseo-caudata (Mitra), Hanley. Sowb.. Thes. Conch., f. 655, 1874 182 Rosettoo (Mitra), Angas, Zool. Proc., 55. t. 2, f. 6, 1865 121 Rossi nc (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 198, 1844. =± M. variegata, Reeve. Rossiniana (Voluta), Bernardi. Jour, de Conch., vii, 377, 1859; viii, 127, t. 1, 1860 88 Rostellit.es, Conrad. Emory's Mex. Bound. Surv. Rept., i, 158, 1855 77 Rotundicostata (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 8, 1877 63 Rotundilirata (Mitra) Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 178, 1844. M. tabanula, Lam. Rubella (Mitra), Adams & Reeve. Moll. Voy Samarang, 27, t, 10, f. 30, 1848 '.v 176 Rubens (Nassa),* Kiister. Conch. Cab., Bucc., 25, t. 6, f. 7-9. = Cantharus (vol. iii). Rubigfnea (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 134, 1854. = M. proscissa, Reeve. Rubiginosa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch Icon., f. 68, 1844 Ill) Rubiginosa (Mitra), Button. Cat. N. Zeal. Moll. 20; Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., xviii, 22, 1878. = M. rubra, Reeve. Rubiginosum (Cymbium), Swains. Exot. Conch., t. 28 79 Rubra (Mitra), Swainson. Brod.. Zool. Proc., 1835 188 Rubra (Nassa), Potiez et Mich. Gall, des Moll., 381, t. 22, f. 17, 18. • = Lachesis minima Rubricata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., Index. = T crebrilirata, Rve. Rubricata (Nassa), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc , iii, 155, 1850. = N. Gayi, Kiener. Rubritincta (Mitra) Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 147, 1844. M. ferruginea, Lam. Riickeri (Voluta), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xv, 144, 1867 ; xvi, 97, t. 1, f. 1. = V. piperita, Sowb., var. Rudis (Voluta), Gray. Griffith's Cuvier, t. 30, f. 1, 1834. V. Ferussaci, Donovan. Rufa (Bucc.), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 59. 1847 62 Rufescens (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 137, 1851. ? = M. annulata, Reeve. Ruffina (Mitra), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., 12, 1192 ? == M. crenifera, Lam. Ruffina (Voluta) , Linn. Dillw., Desc. Cat., i, 546. ? = Mitra adusta, Lam. Rufilirata (Mitra), Ad. & Reeve. Moll. Samarang, 26, t. 10, f. 26, 1848. = M. flammea, Quoy. llufocincta (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 134, 1851. = M. Capensis. Dunker. Rufocincta (Nassa) A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 106, 1851. = N. versicolor, C. B. Ad. Rufofilosa (Turricula), E. A Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 518, 1876 195 Rufolineata (Nassa), Marr. Vars. of Nassa, No. 212. = N. myristica. Hinds, var 45 Rufomaculata (Mitra), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iv, 321, t. 11, f. 9, 1860 , 179 238 INDEX. Rufula (Nassa), Reeve (non Kiener). Icon., f. 14, 1853. — N. glans, L., var. elegans. Rufula (Nassa), Kiener. Bucc., 89, t. 24, f. 95. = N. mutabilis, Linn. Rufulum (Nassa), Kiener. Bucc., 89, t. 24, f. 95. — N. mutabilis, Linn. Rugata (Truncaria), Reeve. Bucc., f. Ill, 1847 10 Rugosa (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 5, 1877 63 Rugosa (Mitra), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3456. == T. corrugata, Lam. Rugosa (Mitra), Swains. Sowerby, Tank. Cat. App., 27, 1825. ? = T. Cumingii, Reeve. Rumphii (Nassa), Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Astrol. et Zel., v, 75, t. 21, f. 9, 10, 1853. = N. pulla, Linn 24 Rupestris (Voluta), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3464 ; Lischke, Jap. Meeres Conch., Suppl., 59 85 Rupicola (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 53, 1844. = M. lens, Wood. Riippellii (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 179, 1844. = M. Solandri, Reeve. Russa (Mitra), Gould. Cost. Proc., vii, 332, 1860; Otia, 129 159 Rustica (Turricula), Sowb. (not Reeve). Thes. Conch., f. 143. = T. Deshayesii, Reeve. Rustica (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 329, 1845 176 Rutila (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 137, 1851 151 Rutila (Voluta), Brod. Zool. Jour., ii, 30, t. 3 87 Rutilans (Nassa), Reeve. Iconog., f. 147, 1853. = N. unicolorata, Kiener. Sacerdotalis (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 139, 1851 120 Salmonea (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 375, 1874 169 Saltata (Mitra), Pease. Zool. Proc. 512, 1865; Am. Jour. Conch., 216, 1867. = Thala 162 Samoenfiis (Nassa), Dunker MS. Marrat, Vars., No. 962. . = N. paupera, Gould. Samuelis (Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 368, 1860. •.= M. astricta, Rve. Sanctse- Helena? (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 110, 1851 40 Sandvichensis (Mitra), G. & H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng., 99, 1879. = M. cruentata, Ch., var. Sanguinolenta (Mitra), Lam. Edit. Desh., x. 305 113 Sanguisuga (Mitra), Linnseus. Syst. Nat. Edit., 12, 1192 165 Santangeli (Mitra), Maravigna. Guerin's Mag., t. 23, 1840. — M. zonata, Marryatt. Savignii (Mitra), Payraudeau. Moll, de Corse, t. 8, f. 22. = M. tricolor, Gmelin. Scabra (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 171, 1846; 59, 1847. = N. horrida, Punker. Scabricola, Swainson. Malaool., 319, 1840. = Mitra, Lam., section 132 Scabricula (Nassa), Powis. Zool. Proc., 1835 46 Scabriuscula (Mitra), Linn. Syst. Nat., 12th Edit., 1192 135 Scabriuscula (Mitra), Lamarck (not Linn.). Edit. Desh., x, 310. = M. sphaerulata, Martyn. Scabriuscula (Nassa), Ad. (not Powis). Panama Cat., No. 53, 1852. = N. complanata, Powia. Scalariformis (Nassa), Val. Kiener, Bucc., 79, t. 21, f. 80. — N. clathrata, Born. Scalariformis (Mitra), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm, 140, 1875. 159 Scalarina (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 12, t. 1, f. 27, 1877. = N. nigra, Hombr. et Jacq. INDEX. 239 PAGE. Scalaris (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 108, 1851 29 Scalpta (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 5. = N. subspinosa, Lam. Scapha (Voluta), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3468 89 Scapha (Voluta), Solander. = Cymbium proboscidalis, Lam 89 Scapha, Gray (partim., not Klein nor Humph.). Zool. Proc., 131, 1847. = Voluta, Linn., sect. Aulica. Scaphella, Swains. Gray, Zool. Proc., 141, 1847. = Voluta, L., sects. Aulica, Alcithoe, etc. Schizopyga, Conr. Pacif. R. R. Rept., vi, t. 2, f. 1, 1856. = Tritia, Risso. Schomburgki (Mitra), Angas. Zool. Proc., 313, t. 18, f. 12, 13, 1878 173 Schroeteri (Mitra), Deshayes. Lam., Edit., 2, x, 322. = M. cornicula, Lam., var. Scita (Mitra), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 141, 1875 128 Scitula (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 138, 1851 , 176 Scitula (Nassa), A. Ad. Gen., i, 119 63 Sclateri (Voluta), Cox. Proc. Zool. Soc., 358, t. 26, f. 3, 1869 92 Scolymus (Turbinella), Gmelin. Syst. Nat,, 3553 70 Scolymus, Swains. Malacol., 78, 304, 1840. = Vasum, Bolt. Scrofa (Voluta), Solander (ubi ?), teste Gray. = V. flavicans, Gmel. Sculpta (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 96, 1853 .' 62 Sculptilis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 290, 1845. = T. cselata, Rve. Scutulata (Mitra), Lamarck. An. sans Vert., vii, 3114 155 Secalina (Mitra), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 120, I860; Otia, 129 159 Sectilis (Mitra), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 271, 1867 159 Semen (Mitra). Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 256, 1845 190 Semiconic.i (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 132, f. 619, 1874. = M. Philippinarum, A. Ad. Semicostata (Nassa), Brocchi. Brusina, Verh. Z. B. Gesell., 12, 1865. = N. Cuvieri. Payr. Semicostata (Mitra), Anton. Verzeichn., 68, 1839 193 Semicostata (Nassa), Brusina. Contr., 66. — N. incrassata, Strom. Semicostata (Xassa), M*rrat. Var. of Sculpt., 3. = Var. of N. monile, Kien. Semifasciata (Mitra), Lamarck. Desh., 335 174 Serniferruginea (Mitra), Jonas. Reeve, Icon., f. 222, 1845 '.... 152 Semiflammea (Bullm), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 17, 1846 1:5 Semigranosa (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 170, 1846. = N. splendidula, Dkr. Semigranulata (Nassa), Dkr. H. and A. Adams' Genera, i, 117. ? = N. semigranosa, Dunker. Semilivida (Mitra), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 31, 1877.... 159 Seminodosa (Nassa), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 104, 1851. = N. papillosa, Linn : 30 Seminulurn (Nassa), Tapparone-Canefri. Ann. Mus. Geneva, vii, 1029, 1875 62 Semiplicata (Xassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc.. 107, 1851 32 Semiplicata (Turricula), Lamarck. H. & A. Ad. Genera, i, 176 195 Semiplicata (Bullia), Gray. Beechey's Voy., 127, 1839 12 Semiplicata (Nassa), Dunker (not Adams). Zeit. Mai., 59, 1853. = Nassa semisulcata, Dkr. Semiplicata (Mitra), Swains. Brod., Zool. Proc., 197, 1835. M. microzonias, Lam. Semiplicatum (Bucc.), Costa. Cat., 91. Nassa cornicula, Olivi. Semisculpta (Mitra), Ad. & Reeve. Moll. Voy. Samarang, 27, t. 10, f. 28, 1848 174 240 INDEX. PA«E. . Semistriata (Mitra), Krynicki. Bull. Moscow, ii, 67, 1837 159 Semistriata (Nassa), Forbes. YEg. Invert., 140. = N. cornicula, Olivi. Semistriata (Nassa), Brocchi. Conch, foss., 651, t. 15, f. 15. =: N. cornicula, Olivi. Semisulcata (Nassa), Bunker. Novit. Conch., 96, t. 32, f. 5, 6. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Semisulcata (Nassa), Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Astrol. et Zel., v, 81, t. 21, f. 30, 32, 1853. = N. crassa, Koch. Semitica (Turricula), Jickeli. Jahrb., Mai. Gesell., i, 45, t. 2, f. 8, 1874. Semiusta (Bullia), Reeve. Conch Icon., sp. 22, 1847. = B. digitalis, Meusch. SenegalensH (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 129, 1844 » 117 Senticosa (Melo), Bolt. H. & A. Adams' Genera. = M. armata, Lam. Sesarma (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 13, t. 1, f. 14, 1877. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. S'erotina (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 132, 1851 152 Serotina (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 108, 1851 39 Serpentina (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 390. = V. vespertilio, Linn. Serpentina (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit, Desh., x, 312 114 Serrata (Northica), Dufresne. Kiener, Bucc., 23, t. 9, f. 28 9 Serrata (Nassa), Brocchi. Sub. App. Foss., t, 5, f. 4. ? = N. reticulata, Linn. Sertula (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 107, 1851. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Sertum (Mitra), Duval. Jour, de Conch., iii, 160, t. 7, f. 1, 1852. = M. scutulata, Lam. Signata (Nassa), Dkr. Zeit. Mai. ,61, 1847 57 Signifer (Voluta), Brod. Zool. Proc., 232, 1847. = V. flavicans, Gmel. Simplex (Nassa), E. A, Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 5 ser. vi, 319, 1880. 63 Simplex (Mitra), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., Ill, 1846 119 Sinarum (Nassa), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 63, 1851 62 Sinensis (Cylindra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 190 b., 1844 196 Sinensis (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 4 63 Sinusigera (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 100, 1851 51 Siquijorensis (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 97, 1851 30 Sistroidea (Nassa), G. & H. Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xliii, Pt. 2, t. -1, f. 6, 1874. = N. subpinosa, Lam. Smithii (Nassa), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., 1, 204, 1877 63 Solandri (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 172, 1844 146 Solida (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 18, 1844; Angas, Zool. Proc., 194, 1867 120 Solida (Teinostoma), Smith. Zool. Proc., 737, t. 75, f. 25, 1871. = Rotellidse. Solidula (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 133, 1844. = M. Ziervogeliana, Gmel., var. Solitaria (Mitra), C. B. Ad. Panama Shells, 44, 1852 ; Carpenter, Zool. Proc., 341, 1863. — Thala 160 Sophise (Voluta), Gray. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xviii, 431, 1846 87 Sophioe (Mitra), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., ii, 253, 1862 115 Sordida (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 97, 1851 52 Sowerbyi (Voluta), Kiener. Monog., t. 50. = V. papillosa, pars. Spadicea (Mitra), Dunker. Sowb., Thes., f. 478, 1874. = M. peregra, Reeve, var. Sparta (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 11, t. 1, f. 22, 1877 34 Speciosa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 148, 1844 192 Speciosa (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 100, 1851. == Phos plicosus, Krauss (vol. iii). ouun: Stear Stear INDEX. 241 PAGE. Speciosa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 209, 1844. = M. variata, Reeve. Spectabilis (Voluta), Gmelin. Syst, Nat., 3468. = V. ancilla, Soland. Spengleriana (Voluta). Mart. H. & A. Adams' Genera, i, 161 101 Sph;i>nil->ta (Mitra), Martyn. Univ. Conch., f. 21 134 Spicata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 291, 1845. = T. fusiformis, Kiener. Spilus (Nassa), Watson. Marrat, Vars. No. 772 64 Spinea (Voluta), Kiister. Conch. Cab., ii, t. 31, f. 3, 4. = V. corona, Chemn. Spiralis (Voluta). Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3464. = M. exasperata, Gmel. Spirata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 106, 1851. X. glans, L., var. elegans, Kiener, Spiripuncta (Mitra), Garret*. Jour, of Conch., iii, 27, 1880 143 Splendidula (Nassa), Dunker. Zeit. Mai. 170,1846 52 Sprela (Nassa), Watson. Marrat, Vars. No. 774 64 Spreta (Mitra), A. Ad. Jour. Linn. Soc., vii, 201, 1864 182 Spurca (Nassa), Gould. Bost, Proc., vii, 332, 1860 63 Squalida (Bullia), King. Zool. Jour., v, 349. = B. cochlidium, Kiener. Stainforthii (Mitra). Reeve. P. Z. S., 93. 1841 166 nsiana (Nassa), Garrett. Marrat, Vars. 89, 1880, = N. crenolirata, A. Ad., var. tearnsii (V'oluta), Ball. Calif. Proc., N. 270, t. 1, f. 1, 1872 97 Stigmataria (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim., vii, 311. = T. sanguisuga, L., var, Stigmaria, (Nas^a), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 96, 1851 54 Stimpsoniana (Nassa), C B. Ad. Panama Shells, 72. — N. scabriuscula, Powis. Stolata (Nassa), Gmel. Syst, Nat., 3496 45 Stoliczkana (Nassa), G. & H. Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24, t. 1, f. 8, 1874. = N. hirta, Kiener. Stolid* (Nassa). A Ad. Zool. Proc., 105, 1851 31 Stragulata (Voluta), Miihlf. = V. zebra. Leach. Strangei (Mitra). Angas. Zool. Proc , 110, t. 13, f. 4, 1867 136 Straminea (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc.. 132,1851 140 Striata (Xassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 114, 1851. = N. glabrata, A. Ad. Striata (Nassa), C. B. Ad. Panama Shells, 289, 1852. = N. vers;color, C. B. Ad. StrUta (Mitra), Gray. Beechey's Voy., 135, t. 36, f. 7, 1839. M. limbit'era. Lam. Striata (Mitra), Brusina. Verb. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien, xv, 14, 1865. 194 Striatella (Mitra), Calcara. = M. Columbellaria, Scacchi. Striatula (Mitra), Lam. Edit. Desh., x. 323. — M. Barbadensis, Gmelin, Strigata (Mitra), Swainson. Rrande's Jour. App., 1824 121 Strigatella, Swainson. Malacol, 319, 1840 , 108, 153 Strigillata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 190, 1874 141 Sturmii (Nassa), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 135, 1848. =z N. vibex. Say. Suavis (Mitra), Souv. Jour, de Conch., 183, t. 13, f. 2, 1875 194 Subdivisa (Mitra). Chemn., part. = T. costellaris, Lain. Subdiaphanum (Hucc.), Bivona. = Nassa Cuvieri, Payr. Subnodosa (VolnU), Leach. Zool. Misc., i, 24, f. 8. V. Magellanica, Lam., var. Subplicata (Voluta), Hutton. N. Zeal. Cat,, 18. = V. eracilis, Swn. Subquadrata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 485, 18747 - T. cadaverosa, Rve., var Subrostrata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 297, 1874. M. pudica, Pease. 31 242 INDEX. PAGE Subspinosa (Nassa), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 173 43 Subtexturata (Mitra), Garrett. Jour, of Conch., iii, 26, 1880 135 Subtruncata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., iv, sp. 468, f. 405. = T. crebrilirata, Rve. Subulata (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert,, vii, 313 177 Subvariabilis (Nassa), d'Orb. Prodr., iii, 83. = N. mutabilis, Linn. Succincta (Mitra), Swains. Sowb., Tank. Cat. App., 26, 1825 135 Succincta (Na«sa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 107, 1851. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Sufflata (Nassa), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 330, 1860. = N. tennis, E. A. Smith 23 Sulcata (Mitra), Swains. Sowb., Tank. Cat. App., 26, 1825 139 Sulcata (Bullia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 14, t, 4, 1847 13 Sulcata (Mitra), Menke. Mo'rch, Nachr. Mai. Gesell., v, 70. = M. peregra, Reeve. Sulcata (Truncaria), Kiener. Buccinum, t. 13, f. 45 10 Sulcata (Voluta). Lam. Edit. Desh., x. 396. = V. musica, Linn. Sulcifera (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 98, 1851 24 Suluensis (Mitra), Ad. & Rve. Moll. Voy. Samarang, 26. t. 10, f. 27, 1848. 172 Suluensis (Mitra). Smith (nee Ad. & Rve.). Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist., 425, 1875. = M. fusco apicata, Smith. Suturalis (Nassa), Lam. An. sans Vert., x, 166. — N. glans, Linn, var. Suturata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 282, 1845. -.= M. pellis-serpentis, Reeve. Swainsoni (Conoelix). Lesson. Voy. Coquille, ii, Pt. 1, 400, t. 11, f. 5, 1830. := Imbricaria conica, Schum. Swainsoni (Mitra), Broderip. Zool. Proc., 1835 ; 121 Swainsonia, H. & A. Adams' Genera, i, 180. = Mitra, Lam., section 130 Tabanula (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim., vii, 323 146 Tabescens (Nassa), Marrat. Vars. of Nassa, 81, 1880 08 Tsenia (Nassa), Grnel. Syst, Nat,, 3493 30 Treniata (Mitra), Lamarck. An. sans Vert., vii, 307 164 Tseniolatum (Buccinum), Phil. Archiv fur Naturg., i, 69, 1845 57 Tahiteusis (Bullia), Gmel. Syst, Nat,, 3490 16 Tahiterisis (Mitra), Garrett. Jour, of Conch., iii, 30, 1880 148 Taiusiana (Bullia), Dunker. Moll. Guin., 19, 1853 16 Tasmanica (Mitra), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 139, 1875.. 159 Tasmanica (Nassa), Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania. 150, 1875. ? = N. monile, Kiener, var. Jacksoniana. Tatei (Mitra), Angas. Zool. Proc., 861, t. 54. f. 8. 1878 183 Tathnae (Mitra), Jickeli Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., i, 25, t. 11. f. 4, 1874 139 Tayloriana (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 125, 153, 1874. 3= T. teeniata. Lam. Tegula (Nassa), Reeve. Icon., f. i 8, 1853 39 Teinostoma, H. & A. Adams' Genera, i, 132. =c Family Umboniinre. Telasco, H. & A. Adams. Gen. Kec. Moll, i, 119. = Zeuxis, H. & A. Ad. Telescopium (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 80, 1844 143 Telum (Mitroidea), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 613, 614, 1874 163 Tenella (Nassa), Reeve. Icon. Index, 1854 50 Temulirata (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 407, 1874 178 Tennis (Bullia), Gaay. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 1, 1846 11 Tenuis (Nassa), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xv, 423, 1875; Zool. Proc., 211,1879 23 Tenuis (Mitra), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 66, f. 327, 1874 .'.'..'.'. 129 INDEX. 243 PAGE. Terebralis (Mitra), Swainson. Brod., Zool. Proc., 1885. = T. subulata, Lam. Terebralis (Mitra), Lamarck. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 303. M. tessellata, Martyn. Terebroides (Nassa), Rve. Icon., f. 161, 1853. = N. labiata, A. Ad. Teresine (.Mitra), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Hoy. Soc. Tasm., 140, 1875; 34, 1878 128 Teretiuscula (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 108, 1851 32 Tessellata (.Mitra), Martyn. Univ. Conch., f. 19 132 Tessellata (.Mitra), Kiener. Icon., t. 13, f. 42. — M. Barbadensis, Gmel. Tessellata (Melo), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 377 80 Tessellata (Mitra), Swainson. Zool. 111., 2d ser. = M. Rossise, Reeve. Tessellata (Nassa), Rve. Icon., f. 167, 170, 1853. = N. vibex, Say. Tessellaturn (Bucc.), Scacchi. Cat., ii. = Nassa Cuvieri, Payr. Tessellatum (Bucc.), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3479. = Nassa mutabilis, Linn. Tesscllatum (P.uccinum), Olivi. Zool. Adriatica, 142, 1792. N. reticulata, Linn, var. 'IVssellatus (Fusus), Schubert et Wagner, T. 219, f. 3048, 3049. = Voluta dubia, Brod. Te.stacea (Mitra), Swainson. Brod., Zool. Proc., 1835 127 Textilina (Nassa), Morch. Kreb's Catal. = Phos (vol. iii). Texturata (Mitra), Lamarck. Edit, Desh., x, 328 134 Thatcher! (Voluta), McCoy. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., i, 54, t. 2, f. 1, 18(iS : Proc. Zool. Soc., 561, 1869; Jour, de Conch., 38, 1873 JM> Thevsites (Nassa), Brug. Encyc. Meth., t. 394, f. 8 25 Thiurella, Swainson. Malacol. 130, 1840. := Mitra, Lam* Thiarella (Voluta), Lam. Edit, Desh., x, 392. = V. musica, Linn. Tiara, Swainson. Malacol., 129, 319, 1840. = Turricula, Klein. Tiarella (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 133, 1851. ±= M. coronata, Lam. Tiarula (Nassa), Kiener. Bucc., iii, t. 30, f. 4 41 Ticaonica (Mitra), Reeve Conch. Icon., f. 181, 1844. = M. crassa, Swn. Tigrina (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 132, 1851 157 Tiraorensis (Mitra), Dohrn. Mai. Blatt, 56. 1864. ? = T. crem2, 1844 196 Unicincta (Nassa), Say. Jour. Philad. Acad.. v, 211, Ib26. '.' Pints QaudeloupensU, Petit (vol. iii). Unicolor (Nassa), Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Astrol. et ZeL, v, 76, t. 21, f. 13--15, 18 •")•'!. = N. unicolorata, Kiener. Unicolorata (Nassa), Kiener. Monog. Bucc., 60, t. 19, f. 69 31 Unidentata (Nassa), Powis. Kilter, Bucc., 24, t. 6, f. 4-6. — N. dentifera, Powis. Unifiscial's (Columbella), Chenu. ~ M auriculoides, Keeve. Unif'ascialis (Mitra). Lamarck. Edit. Desh.. x, 337. = M. nucleola, Lam. Unifa-cial's (Mitra), Anton. Verzeichn., 68. M. Antonii, Kiister. Unifasciata (Voluta), Wood. Index Test. — T. Cumingii, Reeve. Unifasciata (Nassa), Kien. Bucc , 76, t. 14, f. 50. - N. Cuvieri, Payr. Unifasciata . (Cyclonassa), Kisso. = Neritula neritea, Linn. Unifasciata '(Nassa), Pease MSS. Carpenter, Zool. Proc., 516, 1865. , = N. paupera, Gld. Unilinenta ( 1'urricu'a), Garret*. Jour, of Conoh., iii, 60, 1880 195 Ustulata (Mitva), Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 89r 1844 ... 119 Uzielliana (Mitra). Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., i, 285, 1861 ; ii, 50, 1862 150 Uzita, H. & A. Adams. Gen. Rec., Moll., i, 120. = S. G. of Nassa, Mart. 7 Valida (Bullia), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 191, 1852; Novit., 33, t. 10, f. 1, 2. = Pusionella. Vanikorensis (Mitra), Quoy. Voy. Astrol.. ii, 649, t. 45, bis, f. 5, 6 199 Variahilis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 95. 1844 119 Variabilis (Nassa), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., i, 221. = N. Cuvieri, Payr. Varians (Nassa), Dunker. Mai. Blatt., vi, 231, 1860 62 Variata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 2o9, Index. Varicifera (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., H>8, 1851: Smith, Zool. Proc., 210, 187» 31 Varicosa (Nassa), Turton. Zool. Jour., ii, 365, t. 13, f. 7. — N. iuc?-assata, var. pygmaea, Lam. Variegata (Mitra), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3457. = M. serpentina, Lam. Variegata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 97, 1851. = N. gemmulata, Lam. Variegata ( Vlitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. Ill, 1844 113 Vai-iolaria ( furbinella), Lam. Edit. Desh., ix, 380. Vasum turbiuella, Linn. Vasum, Bolt. Mus., 1798. Link. Beschreib., iii, 119. 1807; Z. P., 231, 1851 67, 71 Velata (Bullia), Gould. • Otia Conch., 67 ; Wilkes' Exp., 252, f. 319. = Nassa gaudiosa, Flinds 16 Velicata (Nassa), Meusch. Marrat. = N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Ventricosa (Desmoulea), Lam. H. & A. Ad-ims' Genera. = N. mutabilis, Linn. Ventricosa (Nassa), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 168. =N mutabilis, Linn. Venusta (Nassa), Dkr. Zeit. Mai., 59, 1847. = N. cremata, var. margaritifera. Venustula (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 204. = M. aureolata, Swn. Verrucosa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 232, 1845 174 Verrucosa (Nassa), Gniel. Syst. Nat., 3497. 246 INDEX. Verrucosa (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 97, 1851 54 Versicolor (Mitra), Martyn. Univ. Conch., f. 23 112 Versicolor (Nassa), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat. 66, 1852 50 Versicolor (Mitra), Kiener. Iconosr., t, 7, f. 18. = M. erronea, Dohrn. Vespertilio (Voluta), Linn Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1494 86 Verpertilio, Klein. Ostrac., 76, 1753. = Voluta, Linn, sect 86 Vexillulum (Turbinella), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 1842. = Vasum ceramicum. Linn. Vexillum (Mitra), Reeve Conch. Icon., f. 183, 1844 146 Vexillum (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 402 85 Vexillum, Bolten. Mus., 1798. = Turricula, Klein. Vibex (Nassa), Say. Jour. Philad. Acad , ii, 231, 1822 ; Am. Conch., t. 57, f. 2... 42 Vibex (Nassa), Reeve (not Say). Icon., f. 81. = N. subpinosa, Lam. Vibex (Mitra), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 134, 1851. = T. cruentata, Chemn., var. proxima. Vincta (Nassa), Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, 12, 1877 63 Vincta (Mitra), A Ad. Zool. Proc., 134, 1854. = M. Capensis, Dunker. Violacea (Thala), Garrett. Cal. Proc., 202, 1872 162 Virescens (Voluta), Solander. Dillw., Desc. Cat., i, 562 84 Virgata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 197, b 156 Virgata (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 197, a. = M. retusa, Lam. Virginalis (Mitra), Lesson. Rev. Zool., 143, 1842 195 Virgo (Imbricaria), Swainson. Zool. Proc., 1835 198 Vitellina (Mitra), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 170, 1850 132 Vitiensis (Na-sa), Hombr et Jacq. Voy. Astrol. et Zel., v, 79, t. 21, f. 23-25, 1853. = N. hirta, Kiener. Vitrea (Nassa), Phil. Kritisches Register, No. 2 62 Vitrea (Nassa), Gray. Am. Nat. Hist., i, 28, 1838 ,, 62 Vitrea (Bullia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp 20, 1846. •— B. polita, Lam... 15 Vittata (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 114, 1851. = N. maculata, A. Ad. Vittata (Bullia), Linn. Edit., 12, 1206 15 Vittata (Mitra), Swainson. Zool. 111., 1st ser. = M. tseniata, Lam. Vittatum (Buccinum), Kiener. Monog., 25, t. 9, f. 30 — Bullia granulosa, Lam. Vitulina (Voluta), Dillwyn. Desc. Cat., i, 553. = Mitra ferruginea, Lam. Votuta, Linn, (emend). Syst. Nat., x, 729; xii, 1186; Gray, Zool. Proc., 59, 1855 75, 82 Volutella, d'Orb (nee. Swains.). Voy. Amer., 424, 1840. = Voluta, Linn., sect 98 Volutella, Perry. Conch., t. 26, 1811. = Vasum, Bolt. Volutifusus, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., ii, 67, 1866 77 Volutilithes, Swains. Malacol., 318, 1840. = Voluta, Linn, sect 100 Volutoconus, Crosse Jour, de Conch , xix, 306, 1871. = Voluta, Linn, sect 100 Volutoderma, Gabb. Proc. Philad. Acad., 289, 1876 77 Volutolyria, Crosse Jour, de Couch., 3 ser., xvii, 99, 1877 76 Volutomitra, Gray. Guide Brit. Mus., 36, 1857. = Mitra, Lam., section ? 108 Volutomorpha, Gabb. Proc. Philad. Acad., 290, 1876 77 Volva (Voluta), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3457 93 Volvacea (Voluta), Lam. Edit. Desh , x, 403. — V. volva, Gmel. Volvacea (Voluta), Lam Edit. Desh., x, 403. = V. flavicans, Gmel. Vulgatum (Buccinum), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3496. := Nassa reticulata, L. Vulpecula, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat., xxxi, 106, 1824. = Turricula, Klein. Vulpecula (Mitra), Linn. Edit., 12, 1193 167 INDEX. 247 PAGE. Vultuosa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 270, 1845 134 Webbei (Nassa), Petit. Jour, de Conch., i, 404, t. 13, f. 8, 1850. = N. Uruneri, Dunker. Weldii (Mitra), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 31, 1877 125 Williamsii (Mitra), Newcomb. Am. Jour. Conch., v, 163, t. 17, f. 1, 1869. 161 Wilsoni (Nassa), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat., 67, 1852. = M. complan-ita, Powis. Wisemani (Voluta), Brazier. Proc. Zool. Soc., 108, 1870; Jour.de Conch , 78, t. 5, f. 1, 1871. = V. pulchra, Sowb., var. Wisemani .(Mitra), Dohrn. Zool. Proc., 367, 1860. = Turr. bella, Pease. Woldemarii (Mitra), Kiener. Iconog., t. 17, f. 55. M. Ziervogeliana, Gmel., var. Woodwardi (Nassa), Forbes. Zool. Proc., 273, t, 11, f. 3, 1850. -- N. mendica, Gould. Wrighti (Mitra), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., xviii, 57, t. 1, f. 1, 1878. ^ M. inquinata, Reeve. Xanius, Bolten. Mus., 1798; Link, Beschreib., iii, 116, 1807. \Uzz;i, Bolt. Xantbostoma (Nassa), Gray. Beechey's Voy., t. 36, f. 3. N. luteostoma, Brod. and Sowb. Yetina, Gray. Zool. Proc., 141. 1847. — Cymbium, Klein. Yetus, Adamson. Gray, Zool. Proc , 141, 1847; H. & A. Ad. Genera, i, 138. = Cymbium, Klein. Zaphon, H. & A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 121. Zeuxis, H. & A. Ad. Zebra (Mitra), (iarrett. Jour, of Conch., iii, 35, 1880 156 Zebra (Mitra), Lamarck. Ann. Mus., 21 5. M. paupercula, Linn. Zebra (Voluta), Leach. Zool. Misc., i, t. 12 f. 1 93 Zebrina (Mitra), Garrett. Zool. Proc., 842, 1872. —Turr. semen, Rve. Zebrina (Mitra), d'Orbigriy. Moll. Can., 86, t. 6, f. 29-31 190 Zehuensis (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 73, 1844 179 Zelotypa (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 325, 1845 182 Zephyrina (Mitra), Duclos. Sowb., Thes. Conch., No. 29, 1874 132 Zeux'is, H. & A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 119. = S. G. of Nassa, Mart 6, 30 Ziba. H. & A. Adams. Genera, i, 179. Mitra, Lam. Zidona, H. & A. Adams. Genera i, 161, 1853. Volutella, d'Orb. Zierliana, Gray. Zool. Proc., 141, 1847. .= Strigatella, Sw., sect. ..109, 157 Ziervogeliana (Mitra), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3457 157 Zonalis (Mitra), Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Astrol., ii, 654, t. 45 bis, f. 16, 17. T. catt'ra, Linn. Zonalis (Nassa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 107, 1851. == N. gaudiosa, Hinds. Zonalis (N?issa), Drug. Encyc. Meth. Vers., 271. V N. granifera, Kiener. Zonsita (Mitra), Marryatt, Linn. Trans., xiii, t. 10, f. 1, 2, 1817; J. B. Mill. Gesell., i, 227, t, 11, f. 3, 4 130 REFERENCE TO PLATES. Plate 1 (Frontispiece). FIGURES. PAGE. 1. Bullia achatina, Lam. (= digitalis, Meusch). Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 31, f. 17 12 2. Bullia Isevigata, Mart. (= laevissima, Gm.). Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 31, f. 14 11 3. Cymba Neptuni, Gmel. Kiener, Iconog. Voluta, t. 1 80 Plate 2. Lingual Dentition. 1. Vasum cornigerum, Lam. Troschel, Gebiss der Schnecken, ii, t, 8, f.5 67 2. Cymbium olla, Linn. Troschel, t. 5, f. 1 75 3. Melo nautica, Lam. Troschel, t. 5, f. 2 a 75 4. Voluta scapha, Gmelin. Troschel, t. 5, f. 3 75 5. Amoria Turneri, Gray. Troschel, t. 5, f. 5 75 6. Voluta musica, Linn. Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 4, 1879 84, 76 7. Lyria deliciosa, Montrouz. Jour, de Conch., t. 13, f. 7, 1867 102, 76 8. Volutomitra Groeulandica, Gray. Troschel, t. 5, f. 5b 1' 8 9. Mitra cornea, Lam. Troschel, t. 6. f. 5 108 10. Mitra (Nebularia) adusta, Mart. Troschel, t. 6, f. 7 108 11. Mitra (Chrysame) fraga, Quoy. Troschel, t. 6, f. 8 108 12. Zierliana Woldemarii, Kiener. Troschel, t. 9, f. 11 109 13. Turricula corrugata, Lam. Troschel, t, 9, f. 13 109 14. Imbricaria conica, Schum. Troschel, t, 8, f. 6.... 109 15. Cylindra nucea, Meusch. Troschel, t. 5, f. 7 109 16. Marginella elegans, Gmelin. Troschel, t. 5, f. 6. See vol. v. 17. Volvaria Philippinarum, Redfield. Troschel, t. 5, f. 8. See vol. v. 18. ' Persicula clandestina, Brocc. Troschel, t. 5, f. 11. See vol. v. 19. Cystiscus Capensis, Stimpson. Troschel, t. 5, f. 10. See vol. v. Plate 3. Lingual Dentition. 20. Bullia rhodostoma, Gray. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t, 8, f. 7 5 21. Pseud ostrombus vittatus, L Troschel, t, 8, f. 10 5 22. Nassa arcularia, L. Troschel. t. 8, f. 15 6 23. Nassa thersites, Brug. Troschel, t. 8, f. 14 6 24. Nassa cornicula, Olivi. Troschel, t. 8, f. 13 6 25. Ilyanassa obsoleta, Say. Troschel, t. 8, f. 22 7 26. Neritula neritea, L. Troschel, t. 8, f. 11 7 Fossil Genera. 27. Molopophorus striata, Gabb. Pal. Calif., ii, t. 26, f. 36 7 28. Ptychosalpinx altilis, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 153 7 29. Ptychosalpinx scalaspira, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 19, f. 4. 7 30. Paranassa granifera, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 19, f. 6 8 (248) REFERENCE TO PLATES. 249 I-IGURK. PAOE> 31 Tritiaria peralta, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 19, f. 5 8 32. Schizopyga Californica, Conr. Pac. R. R. Rept., vi, t. 2, f. 1 55 33, 34 Indian Bracelet, made from Turbinella pyrum, and saw u>ed for cutting the shell. Simmond's Commercial Products of the Sea f. 20, 21 69 35. Caricella pnettnuis, Conrad. Tert. Fossils, t. 17, f. 1 67 30. Volutifusus typus, Conr. Am. Jour. Conch., ii, t. 3, f. 2 77 3.7. Athleta Tuomeyi, Conrad. Jour A. N. S. Philad., iv, t. 47, f. 35... 77 38. Leioderma leioderma, Conr. Jour. A. N S. 1'lnlad., iv, t. 46, f. 32. 77 39. Crvptochorda Stromboides, Gmel. Sowb. Genera, Bucc., f . 8 78 40. Fusimitra cellulifera, Conr. Jour. Philad. Acad., 2 ser. i, t. 12, f. 3. 109 41. Conomitia Fusoides, Lea. Cpntrib. Geol., t. 6, f. 176 109 42. Voluti'lla (Microspira) oviformis, Conr. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, t. 5, f. 3. See vol. v. 43. Lapparia dumosa, Conr. Wailes' Geol. Miss., t. 15, f. 4 109 Plate 4. Fossil Genera. 44. Volutoderma Navarroensis, Gabb. Pal. Calif., i, t, 19, f. 50 77 45. Volutomorpha Conradi, Gabb. Jour. Phil. Acad., iv., t. 48, f. 10.... 77 4ii. Rostellites Texana, Conrad. Emory's Mex. Bound. Surv., i, t. 14, f. 2 b 77 47. Ptychoris Purpuriformis, Forbes. Pal. Indica, ii, t. 8, f. 5 77 48. Pleioptygma Carolinensis, Conrad. Tuomey & Holmes, Pleioc. Foss. S. C., t. 27, f. 9 ' 78 49. Gossavia Indica Stol. Pal. Indica. ii, t. 6, f. 7 78 Plate 5. 50. Northia pristis, Desh. ( serrata). Reeve. Bucc., f 39 9 51. Noithia serrata, Dufresne. H. & A. Adams' Genera, t. 12, f. 1 a 9 52. Northia albopunctata, Adams and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 1. 11, f. 21. 9 53. Northia Rissoides, Reeve. Icon. Pleurotoma fig. Ill 9 54. Truncaria filosa, Ad. & Reeve. Voy.*Samarang, t. 11, f. 18 9 55. Truncaria Australia, Angas. Zool. Proc.. t 26, f. 5, 1877 9 56. Truncaria rugata, Reeve. Icon. Bucc., f. Ill 10 57. Truncaria modesta, Powis. Reeve, Bucc., f. 19 10 58. Truncaria sulcata, Kiener. Iconog., Bucc., t. 13, f. 45 10 59. Bullia Isbvigata, Mart. (= Isevissima, Gm.). Reeve, Bullia, f. 6 11 60. Bullia globulosa Kiener. Reeve, Icon , f 5 11 61. Bullia deformis, King. Reeve, Icon., f. 21 11 O'J. Bullia tenuis, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 1 11 03. Bullia callosa, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 24 , 11 64. Bullia Mauritiana, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 12 b 12 65. Bullia Grayi, Reeve (= Mauritiana) Icon., f. 7 12 66. Bullia semiplicata, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 18 a 12 67. Bullia digitalis, Meuschen. Reeve, Icon., t. 4, f. 4 12 68. Bullia semiusta, Reeve (= digitalis). Icon., f. 22 12 69. Bullia rhodostoma, Gray (— digitalis). Reeve, Icon., f 25 12 70. Bullia Persica, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 46, f. 11, 1878 13 71. Bullia sulcata. Reeve. Conch. Icon . t. 4, f. 14 13 72. Bullia Natalensis, Krauss (= digitalis, var.). Kiister, t. 14, f. 2.... 12 73. Bullia cochlidium. Kiener. Iconog. Bucc., t. 6, f. 17 13 74. Bullia annulata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 13 14 75. Bullia semiflammea, Reeve, Icon., f, 17 • 13 32 250 REFERENCE 'TO PLATES. Plate 6. FIGURE. PAGE. 76. Bullia cochlidium, Kiener. Reeve, Bullia, f. 23 13 77. Bullia gradata, Desh. (— cochlidium). Reeve, Bullia, f. 3 13 78. Bullia Lamarckii, Kiener (== cochlidium). Iconog., t. 3, f. 6 13 79. Bullia Paytense, Kiener (= cochlidium). loonog., t. 6, f. 16 13 80. Bullia squalida, King (— cochlidium). Reeve, f. 26 13 81. Bullia labyrintbum, Gm. (= cochlidium). Kiister, t. 10, f. 11 13 82. Bullia armata, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 2 b 14 83. Bullia moniliferum, Val. (= armata, Gray). Kiener, t. 3, f. 8 14 84. Bullia turrita. Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 16 14 85. Bullia Melanoides, Desb. Voy. Belanger, t. 2, f. 3 14 86. Bullia Mozambicensis, Smith (= Melanoides). Zool. Proc. t, 75, f. 18. 1877 14 87. Bullia vittata, Linn. Reeve, Iconog., f. 9 15 88. Bullii polita, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 19 15 89. Bullia vitrea, Reeve (= polita). Conch. Icon., Bullia, f. "20 15 90. Bullia Kurrachensis, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 54, f. 6, 1877 lo 91. Bullia vittata, Kiener (= granulosa, Lam.). Iconog., t. 9, f. 30 14 92. Bullia livida, Reeve (= vittata). Icon., f. 10, b 15 93. Bullia Taheitensis, Gmel. Reeve, Icon., f. 11 15 94. Bullia BeUngeri, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 8 b 16 95. Bullia polita, Desh. (= Belangeri). Voy. Belang., t. 3, f. 1 16 96. Bullia diluta, Krauss. Kiister, Buccinum, t 14, f. 5 16 97. Bullia mediolaris (=-- diluta, var.), Von Martens. Jahrb. Mai., 1, t. 6, f. 4 16 98. Bullia truncata, Reeve. Icon., f. 15 16 Plate 7. 1. Nassa mutabilis, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 6 b 22 2. ' Nassa mutabilis, Linn. Poli, Test. Sicil., iii, t. 47, f. 6.. 22 3. Nassa rufula, Kiener (== mutabilis). Iconog. Bucc., t. 24, f. 95 22 4. 5. Nassa balteata, Lischke (= tenuis, Smith). Jap. Meeres Conch., t, 5, f. 10, 11 A 23 6. Nassa Isevigata, Marrat. New Forms of Nassa, f. 7 23 7. Nass-i coronata, Brug. Reeve, Icon., f. 20 c 23 8. Nassa Bronni, Phil. (= coronata). Reeve, Icon., f. 149 23 9. 10. Nassa arcularia, Linn. Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 32, f. 3, 4, 1 24 11. Nassa sulcifera, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 24 a 24 12. Nassa pulla, L'nn. Reeve, Icon., f. 22 b 24 13. Nassa Rumphii, Hombr. and Jacq. (= pulla). Astrol. et Zel., t. 21, f. 9 24 14. Nassa Deshayesii, Hombr. and Jacq. (= pulla). Astr. etZel., t. 21, f. 11 24 15. 16. Nassa gibbosula, Linn. Reeve, Icon., f. 64 a, b 24 17. Nassa circumcincta, A. Ad. (= gibbosula). Reeve, f. 71 a 24 18. Nassa Kraussiana, Dunker. Krauss, Siidaf. Moll., t. 6, f. 18 25 19. Nassa orbiculata, A. Ad. (— Kraussiana). Reeve, Icon., f. 154 b... 25 20. Nassa Thersites, Brug. Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 32, f. 22 25 21. Nassa Thersites, Brug. Reeve, Icon., f. 65 25 22. Nassa bimaculosa, A. Ad. (= Thersites). Reeve, f. 61 25 23. Nassa dorsuosa, A. Ad. (= Thersites). Reeve, f. 141, a 25 24. Nassa leptospira, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 84 25 25. Nassa gracilis, Pease (= leptospira). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t 23, f. 4.... . 25 REFERENCE -TO PLATES. 251 FIGURE. PAGE. 26. Nassa bellula, A. Ad. ( leptospira). Reeve, Icon., f. 184 25 27. Nassa labida, Reeve ( leptospira). Icon., f. 17i» 25 28. Nassa Persica, Martens ( leptospira). Vord. As. Conch., t. 5, f. 47. 25 Plate 8. 29. Nassa Jonasi, Dunker. Philippi, Abbild. iii, Bucc., t. 2, f. 10 26 30. Nassa Burchardi, Dunker ( Jonasi). Abbild. iii, Bucc., t. 2, f. 14. 26 31. Nassa labecula, A. Ad. ( Jonasi). Reeve, Icon., f. 166 26 32. Nassa nana, A. Ad. (= Jonasi). Reeve, Icon., f. 164 26 33. Nassa callosa, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 185 a 26 34. Nassa callospira, A. Ad. ( callosa). Reeve, Icon., f. 66 b 26 35. Nassa cancellata, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 155 b 26 36. Nassa Mangelioides, Reeve. Icon., f. 152 b 26 37. Nassa globosa, Quoy. Voy. Astrol , t. 32, f. 25 26 38. Nassa clathrata, Kiener (== globosa). Iconog., t. 27, f. 108 26 39. Nassa granifera, Kiener. Reeve, Iconog., f. 72 26 40. Nassa obliqua, Hombr. et Jacq. (= granifera). Voy. Astr. et Zel., t, 21, f. 44 .... 26 41. Nassa onorata, Desh. (:_= granifera). He Reunion, t. 12, f. 24 26 42. Nassa glabrata, Sowb. Thes. Coach., i. t. 8, f. 66 27 43. Nassa obliqua, Kiener (— glabrata). Iconog., Bucc., t. 31, f. 4 27 44. Nassa gratia, Lam. Kiener, Bucc., t. 16, f. 58 27 45. Nassa glans, Linn. Reeve, Icon., f. 5 27 46. Nassa plans, var. lata, nob 27 47. Nassa elegans, Kiener (= glans, var.). Iconog., Bucc., t. 24, f. 97.. 27 48. Nassa rufula, Reeve (-_— glan?, var. elegans). Icon., f. 14 27 49. Nassa spirata, A. Ad. (= glans, var. elegans). Icon., f. H b 27 50. Nassa costata, A. Ad. (— hirta, Kiener). Reeve, Icon., f. 142 28 51. Nassa hirta, Kiener. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f . 1 28 52. Nassa intermedia, Dunker (= glans, var. suturalis). Voy. Novara, t. 1, f. L> : 27 53. 54. Nassa suturalis, Lam. (= glans, var.). Reeve, Icon., f. 4, 11... 27 55. Nassa uodifera, Povvis (= hirta?). Reeve, Icon., f. 23 28 56. Nassa crenulata, Reeve (= hirta). Icon., f. 2 b 28 57. Nassa Viiiensis, Hombr. et Jacq. (= hirta). Voy. Astr. et Zel., t. 21, f. 23 28 58. Nassa Stoliczkana, Nevill (= hirta). Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, xxiv, t. 1, f. 8 28 59. Nassa bifaria, Baird (= hirta). Voy. Curacea, t. 38, f. 1 28 Plate 9. 60. Nassa monile, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 38 28 61. Nassa pauperata. Lam. (= monile). Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 32, f. 5. 28 62. Nassa lachrymosa, Reeve (= monile). Icon., f. 52 28 63. Nassa Jacksoniana, Quoy (= monile, var.). Kiener, t. 19, f. 73.... 28 64. Nassa Jacksoniana, Quoy (= monile, var.). Voy. Astrol., t. 32, f. 29. 28 65. Nasga acuticostata, Montr. (= monile, var. Jacksoniana). Jour..de Conch., 3 ser. iv, t. 10, f. 8 28 66. Nassa corticata, A. Ad. (= monile, var. Jacksoniana). Reeve, Icon., f. 189 28 67. Nassa mucronata, A. Ad. (--: monile). Specimen 28 68. Nassa distorta, A. Ad. (= monile). Reeve, Icon., f. 32 b 28 69. Nassa scalaris, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 21 29 252 REFERENCE- TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 70. Nassa crenulata, Kiener (== scalaris) Bucc., t. 14, f. 49 29 71. Nassa seminodosa, A. Ad. (— papillaris). Reeve, Icon., f. 3 30 72. Nassa Siquijorensis, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 53 b 30 73. Nassa caelata, A. Ad. (= Siquijorensis). Reeve, Icon., f. 133 30 74. Nassa papillosa. Linn. Reeve, f. 12 30 ?;">. Nassa crenellifera, A. Ad. (:=: scalaris). Reeve, f. 49 a 29 76. Nassa olivacea. Brug (= tsenia, Gmel). Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 32, f. 13 30 77. Nassa olivacea, Brug (= i aenia, Gmel.). Reeve, f. 19 30 78. Nassa fusca, Hombr. et Jacq. (= tsenia). Astr. et Zel., t, 21, f. 7 ... 30 7(.». Nassa mitralis, A. Ad (= tsenia). Reeve, Icon., f. 128 30 80. Nassa cinnamomea, A Ad. (— taenia). Reeve, f. 126 30 81. NassH badia, A. Ad. (= tsenia). Reeve, f. 124 30 82. Nassa elegans, Reeve (= ttenia). Icon., f. 10 30 83. Nassa canaliculata, Lam. Kiener, Bucc.. t. 23, f. 89 31 84. Nassa canaliculata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 18 a . 31 85. Nassa canaliculata, Lam. Marrat, New Forms, t. I, f. 12 31 86. Nassa laevis, Chemn. (= canaliculata). H. & A. Adams' Genera, t. 12, f. 7 31 Plate 10. 87. Nnssastolida, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 31 31 88 Nassa unicolorata, Kiener. Reeve, f. 17 al 89. Nassa unicolor, Hombr. et Jacq. (=-- unicolorata). Astr. et Zel., t. 21, f. 15 31 90. Nassa rutilans, Reeve (= unicolorata). Icon , f. 147 31 91. Nassa varicifera. A. Ad. Reeve, f. 118 b 31 92-94. Nassa Cuvieri, Payr. Kieuer, t. 20, f. 74-76 32 95. Nassa variabilis, Phil. (== Cuvieri). Reeve, Icon., f. 129 a 32 96. Nassa unifasciata, Kiener (= Cuvieri). Bucc., t. 14, f. 50 32 97. Na-sa Maderensis, Keeva (-=.= Cuvieri). Icon , f. 182 b 32 98. Nassa semiplicata. A. Ad. Reeve, f. 78 a 32 99 Nassa teretiuscula, A. Ad. Reeve, f. 104 b 32 100. Nassa exilis, Powis. Reeve, f. 101 a 32 101. Nassa moesta. Hinds (= exilis). Voy. Sulphur, t. 9, f 18 32 102. Nassa Foi.Uinei, d'Orb. (= exilis). Voy. Am., t. 77, f. 5 32 103. Nasta casta, Gould. Wilkes' Exp., t. 19, f. 328 33 104. Nassa Isabellei, d'Orb. Voy. Aiuer., t. 61, f. 19 33 105. Nas-a complanata, Powis. Reeve, Icon., f. Ill b 33 106. Nassa Wilsoni, C. B. Ad. (~- compl-inata). Reeve, f. 158 b 33 107. Nassa gemma, Phil. ( -- complana'a). Abb'.ld. iii, Bucc., t. 1, f. 5.. 33 108. 109. Massa Capense, Dunker. Kilter, Bucc., t. 12, f. 14, 15 110. Nassa pulchella, A. Ad. (= Capense). Reeve, Icon., f. 90 a 33 111. Nassa foveolata, Dunker. Rveve, Icon., f. 83 b 34 112. Nassa planicostata, A. Ad. Reeve, f. 96 b 34 113. Nassa sparta, Marrat New Forms, t. 1, f. 22 34 114. Nassa gaudiosa, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, t, 9, f. 17 34 115. Nassa gaudiosa, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 48 34 116. Nassa sertula, A. Ad. ( -- gaudio^a). Reeve, f. 89 34 117. Nassa semisulcata, Dunker (= gaudiosa). Novitates, t. 32, f. 6... 34 118. Nassa zonalis, A. Ad. (— gaudiosa). Reeve, f. 93 34 119. Nassa succincta, A. Ad. (•= gaudiosa). Reeve, f. 80 b 34 120. Nassa Marratii, E. A. Smith (= gaudiosa). Zool. Proc., t. 50, f. 8, 1878..., 34 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 253 Plate 11. FIGURE. PAGE. 121. Nassa punctata, A. Ad. (== gaudiosa). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 54.. 34 22. Nassa compta, A. Ad. (= gaudiosa). Reeve, f. 106 a :',4 123. Nassa velata, Gould (= gaudiosa). Marrat, New Forms, f. 9 34 124. Nassa velata, Gould (= gaudiosaj. Moll. Wilkes' Exp., f. 319, a.. 34 12"). Nassa elata, Gould. Bost. Jour., v, t. 24, f. 11 39 126. Nassa luctuosa, A. Ad. (= gaudiosa). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 109.. 34 127. Nassa lemiginosa A. Ad. (.= gaudiosa). Reeve, f. 15 34 128. Nassa lilacina, Gould (= gaudiosa). Wilkes' Exped., f. 336 34 129. Nassa coturnix, Dunker (= gaudiosa). Novit, Conch., t. 32, f. 8.. 34 130. Nassa sesarma, Marrat (= gaudiosa). New Forms, f. 14 34 131. Nassa pallidula, A. Ad. (= gaudiosa). Reeve, f. 108 b 34 132. Nassa micans, A. Ad. (= gaudiosa). Reeve, f. 140 34 133. Nassa picta, Dunker. Reeve, Icon., f. 9 36 134. Nassa filosa, Gray (= picta). Reeve, f. 35 b 35 135. Nassa graph itera, Beck (= picta). Hombr., Voy. Astrol. et Zel., t. 21, f. 29 35 136. Nassa Reeveana, Dkr. (= picta). Phil., Abbild. iii, Bucc., t. 2, f. 3. 35 137. Nassa dispar, A. Ad. (= picta). Reeve, f. 45 35 138. Nassa lurida, Gould (= picta). Moll. Wilkes' Exp., f. 325 35 139. Nassa musica, Gould (= picbt). Moll. Wilkes' Exp., f. 324 35 140. Nassa marmorea, A. Ad (— picta, var.). Reeve, Icon., f. 7 35 141 Nassa algida, Reeve (=: picta, var.). Icon., f. 145 a 35 142. Nassa bicallosa, Smith (=:- picta, var.). Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, t. 30, f. 1 35 [43. Nassa conspersa, Phil. Abbild. iii, Bucc., t. 1, f. 6 36 144. Nassa Pfeitferi, Phil (^conspersa). Ibid., t. 1, f. 7 23,36 145. Nassa Haldemani, Dunker. Ibid., t, 2. f, 4 36 146. Nassa Haldemani, Dunker. Specimen 36 147. Nassa insignis, H. Adams. Zool. Proc , t. 38, f. 8, 1866 37 148. 149. Nassa fasciolata, Lam. (--cornicula). Kiener, Bucc, t. 17. f. 01, 62 37 150. Nassa semistriata, Brocc. (= cornicula). Conch. Foss., t. 15, f. 15 b 37 Plate 12. 151. Nassa Calmeilii, Payr. (= cornicula). Moll. Corse., t. 8, f. 7 37 152. Nasisa Gallandianum, Fischer (= cornicula). Jour, de Conch., xi, t 2, f. 6 37 153. Nassa Tinei. Marav. (= cornicula). Guerin's Mag., t. 24, 1840... 37 154. Nassa insculpta. Carp. Specimen. 38 Uo. Nassa anthracina, Garrett. Proc., Philad. Acad., t. 3, f. 57, 1873. 38 l">ti. Nassa glabrata, A. Ad. Reeve. Icon, f. 157 38 157. Nassa Pupinoides, Heeve (= glabrata). Icon., f. 162 38 158. Nassa maculata, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 103 38 159. Nassa vittata, A. Ad. (~ maculata). Reeve, f. 160 a 38 160. Nassa serotina, A. Ad, Reeve, Icon. f. 107 39 161. Nassa labiata, A. Ad. Reeve, f. 159 39 162. Nassa Terebroides, Reeve (-- : labiata). Icon., f. 161. ..« 39 163. Nassa luteostoma, Kiener. Voy. Bouite, t. 41, f. 5 39 164. Nassa luteostoma, B. and S. Reeve, Icon., f 63 39 165. Nassa xanihostoma, Gray (= luteostoma). Zool. Beechey's Voy., t, 36, f. 3 39 166. Nassa tegula, Reeve. Icon., f. 98 39 167. Nassa glauca, C. B. Ad. (—tegula). Reeve, Icon., f. 139 a 39 254 REFERENCE TO PLATES' FIGURE. 168. Nassa annellifera, Reeve. Icon., f. 168 169. Nassa Sanctse Helense, A. Ad. Reeve, f. 1886 , 170. Nassa obtusata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 135 171. Nassa fissilabris, A. Ad. Reeve, f. 138 172. Nassa nodicostata, A. Ad. (= fissilabris). Reeve, t. 97 b 173. Nassa albipunctata, Reeve (= fissilabris. Icon., f. 144 40 174. Nassa tiarula, Kiener. Icon. Bucc.. t. 30, f. 4 175. Nassa tiarula, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 92 a 41 176 Nassa coronula, A. Ad. (= tiarula). Reeve, f. 99 a 41 177- Nassa delicata, A. Ad. (= tiarula). Reeve, f. 180 b 178. Nassa trinodosa, Smith (= tiarula). Jour. Linn. Soc , xii, t. 30, f.2. 41 179. Nassa crenolirata, A. Ad. (— fissilabris). Reeve, Icon., f. 165 40 Plate 13. 180. Nassa cinctella, Old. Moll. Wilkes' Exped., f. 327 41 181. Nassa cinctella, A. Ad. (= cinctella, Gld.). Reeve, Icon., f. 176... 41 182. Nassa clathratula, A. Ad. (= cinctella). Reeve, f. 125 a 41 183. Nassa nigra, Hombr. et Ja^q. Voy. Astrol. et Zel., t, 21, f. 18 184. Nassa lirata, Marrat (== nigra). Specimen 41 185. Nassa De^hayesiana, Issel (= nigra). Conch. Pers., t. 1, f. 2 41 186. Nassa scalarina, Marrat (= nigra). New Forms, f. 27 41 187. Nassa Novae-Zelandiae, Reeve (== nigra, var.). Icon., f. 186 a 41 188. Nassa crassa, Koch. Phillippi, Abbild. iii, Bucc., t. 1, f. 4 42 189. Nassa crassa, Koch. Reeve, Icon., f. 67 42 190. Nassa semisulcata, H. & J. (= crassa). Voy. Astr. et Zel., t. 21, f. 30 42 191. Nassa miga, Brug. Kiener, Bucc., t. 22, f. 87 42 192. Nassa miga, Brug. Reeve. Icon., f. 86 42 193. Nassa obliqueplicata, Dunker (= miga). Phil., Abbild iii, Bucc., t. 1, f. 13 42 194. Nassa Antillarum, d'Orb. (= ambigua). Moll. Cuba., t. 23, f. 1... 42 195. Nassa Candei, d'Orb (= ambigua). Ibid., t. 23, f. 4 42 196. Nassa Hotessieri, d Orb. (= ambigua). Ibid., t. 21, f. 41 42 197. Nassa acuta, Say. (= ambigua). Am. Conch., t. 57, f. 3 42 198. Nassa vibex*, Say. Am. Conch., t. 57, f. 2 42 199. Nassa Antillarum, Phil. (= vibex). Abbild. iii, Bucc., t 1, f. 2 ... 42 200. 201. Nassa Antillarum, Phil. (= vibex). Reeve, f. 77, 115 42 202. Nassa Sturmii, Phil. (= vibex) Abbild. iii, Bucc., t. 1, f, 1 42 203. Nassa fida, Reeve (= vibex). Icon., f. 88 42 204. Nassa tessellata, Reeve (= vibex). Conch. Icon., f. 167 b 42 205. Nassa cinisculus, Reeve (= vibex). Icon., f. 146 b 42 206. Nassa Fretensis, Perkins (= vibex). Bost., Proc., xiii, 117 42 207. Nassa polygonata. Lam. Kiener, t, 29, f. 119 42 208 Nassa subspinosa, Lam. Kiener, t. 2ti, f. 103 43 209. Nassa vibex, Reeve ( = subspinosa) Icon., f. 81 43 210. Nassa geniculata, A. Ad. (= subspinosa). Reeve, Icon., f. 171 43 211. Nassa sistroidea, Nevill (= subspinosa). Jour. As. Soc. Bengal. xliii, t, 1, f. 6 43 212. Nassa scalpta, Marrat (— subspinosa). New Forms, f. 30 .'. 43 213. Nassa ambigua, Mont. Reeve, Icon., f. 187 a 42 Plate 14. 214. Nassa muricata, Quoy. Reeve, Icon., Nassa, f. 73, b 44 215. Nassa muricata, Quoy. Voy. Astrol., t. 32, f. 32 44 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 255 FIGURE. PAGE. 216. Nassa horrida, Dunker ( -muricata). Philippi, Abbild , iii, Bucc., t. 2, f. 8 .- 44 '-'I7. Nassa Gruneri, Reeve (= murieata). Icon., f. 75 44 218. Nassa curta, Gould (= murioita). Moll. Wilkes' Exp., f. 326 II I'll). Nassa Gruneri, Dunker. Philippi, Abbild. iii, Bucc., t. 2, f. 2 44 220. Nnssa hispida, A. Ad. i - Gruneri). lleeve, Icon., f. 37, b 44 221. Nassa Webb i, Petit (= Gruneri). Jour de Conch., i, t. 13, f. 8.. 44 222. Nassa acinosa, Gld. (= Grurferi). Moll. Wilkes' Exp., f. ;]29 11 223. Nassa echinata, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon , f. 131 44 224. Nassa nodulifera, Phil. (.= echinata). Abbild. iii, Bucc., t. 1, f. 3.. 44 22"). Nassa ornata. K'ener (---_- stolata, Gniel.). Iconog. Bucc., t. 21, f. 83. 45 220. Nassa pagoda, Reeve. Conch. Icon., Triton, f. 97 45 227. Nassa decussata, Kiener (= pagoda). Iconog., Bucc., t. 30, f. 3... 45 22^. Nassa angulifera, A. Ad. (= pagoda). RtM-ve, Icon., f. 34 45 22'.». Nassa Tritoniformis. Kiener. Iconog.. Bucc , t. 30, f. 2 45 2->0. Nassa fuscata, A. Ad. (= Tritoniformis). Reeve, Icon., f. 127 b.. 45 231. Nassa myristica, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, t. 9, f. 10 45 232. Nassa rufolineata, Marr. (.-- myristica, var.). Reeve, Icon., f. 123. 45 '>;>>. Nassa scabriuscula, Powis. Reeve, Icon., f. 174, b 46 J34. Nassa collaria, Gould ( — scibriuscula), Reeve, Icon., f. 169 a 46 Nassa Stirapsoniana, C. B. Ad. (— scabriuscula). Reeve, Icon., f. 143, a 46 2:!6. Nassa nodata, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, t. 9, f 15 46 237. Nassa f .sciata, Lam. Hombr. et Jacq .Voy. Astrol., t. 21, f. 35.... 46 248. Nassa fasciata, Lam. Quoy, Voy. Astrol.. t. 32, f. 18 46 219. Nassa verrucosa, A, Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 36 54 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 257 FIGURE. PAGE. 308. Nassa stigmaria, A. Ad. Reeve, f. 42 b 54 309. Nassa cremata, Reeve ( stigmaria). Icon., Nassa, f. 26 b 54 310. Nassa retecosa, A. Ad. (— stigmaria). Icon., f. 28-b 54 Plate 17. oil. Nassa Cumingii, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., Nassa, f. 30 a 55 312. Nassa gemmulata, Lam. Reeve, f. 29 55 313. Nassa clathrata, Lam. ( = gemmulata). Encyc. Meth., t. 394, f. 5 b. 55 314. Nassa variegata, A. Ad. (~ gemmulata). lleeve, Icon., f. 70 55 315. Nassa conoidalis, Desh, (— gemmulata). Voy. Belanger, t. 3, f. 7. 55 310. Nassa fossata, Gld. Moll. Wilkes' Exped., f. 321 a 55 317. Nassa elegans, Reeve (= fossata, Gld.). Conch. Syst., ii, t. 268, f. 3. 55 318. Nassa Morleti, Crosse (== foasata). Jour, de Conch., xvi, t. 6, f. 3. 55 319. Nassa perpinguis, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, t. 9, f. 12 56 320. Nassa mendica, Gould. Moll. Wilkes' Exped., f. 331 50 321. Nassa Woodward!, Forbes (= mendica). Zool. Proc., t. 11, f. 3, 1850 56 322. Nassa Cooperi, Forbes (= mendica). Zool. Proc., t. 11, f. 4, 1850. 50 323. Nassa Cooperi, Forbes (= mendica). Marrat, New Forms, f. 13... 56 324. Nassa Gayi, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 87 b 56 325. Nassa rubricata, Gould (== Gayi). Moll. Wilkes' Exped., f. 332... 56 32(5. Nassa nivea, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 122 a 57 327. Nassa signata, Dunker. Philippi, Abbild. iii, Bucc., t. 2, f. 17 57 328. Nassa regularis, Kiister (= signata). Conch. Cab., Bucc., 1. 12, f. 24. 57 329. Nassa turbinea, Gould. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., v, t. 24, f. 10 57 330. Nassa Roissyi, Deshayes. Voy. Belanger, t. 3, f. 3 57 331. Nassa Munieriana, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser. iv, t. 13, f. 6... 57 332. Nassa dominula, Tapparone-Canefri (= Roissyi). Voy. Magenta, t. 1, f. 17 a 57 888. Nassa pumilio, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 75, f. 11, 1871 57 334. Nassa Kochiana, Dunker. Kiister, Bucc., t. 12, f. 12 58 3: '.">. Nassa plicatella, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 56 b 58 3,;r>. Nassa clathrata, Born. Museum, t. 19, f. 17 58 3:17. Nassa prismatica, Brocchi (= clathrata). Conch, foss., ii, t. 5, f. 7. 58 335. Nassa turrita, A. Ad. (= clathrata). Marrat, New Forms, t. 1, f. 17. 58 339. Nassa scalariformis, Val. (= clathrata). Kiener, Iconog., t. 21, f. 80 t 58 Plate 18. 340. Nassa nitida, Jeffreys (= reticulata), Brit. Conch., v, t. 87, f. 4... 58 341. Nassa reticulata, Linn. Forbes & Hanley, Brit. Moll., t. 11, f. 3... 58 H42. Nassa reticulata, Linn. Forbes & Hanley, Brit. Moll., t. 198, f. 2.. 58 343-345. Nassa cancellata, Chemn. ( reticulata). Meyer & Mobius, Kielerbucht, ii, t. 42, f. 3, 8, 13 58 346. Nassa trivittata. Say. Binney's Edit, of Gould, f. 632 60 347. Nassa obsoleta, Say. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 79 60 348. Nassa oliviforme, Kiener (= obsoleta). Iconog , t. 25, f. 99 60 349. Nassa obsoleta, ova-capsules. Am. Jour. Conch., t. 9, f. 12 60 350. Nassa Melanoides, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 150 b 61 351. Nassa nigella, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 173 a 61 352. Nassa nucea, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., v, t. 8, f. 7 61 353-354. Neritula neritea, Linn. Reeve, Nassa, f. 153 64 355-356. Neritula Italica, Issei ( neritea). Bull. Mai. Ital., ii, t. 4, f. 47. 6 I 357-358. Neritula Kamieschi, Chenu. Manuel, i, f. 792, 7(.»3 65 33 258 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 359. Neritula neritea, Linn. Reeve, Adams' Genera, t. 12, f. 8 61 360. Neritula pellucida, Risso. Reeve, Nassa, f. 151 65 361. Desmoulea abbreviate, Gmelin. Reeve, Icon., Nassa, f. 194 65 362. Desmoulea pinguis, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., Nassa, f. 193 a 65 363. Desmoulea pinguis, operculum. H. & A. Adams' Genera, t. 12, f. 6, a fir. 364. Desmoulea ponderosa, Reeve (— pinguis). Icon., Nassa, f. 196.... 65 365. Desmoulea retusa, Lam. Kiener, Iconog., Bucc., t. 24, f. 94 66 366. Desmoulea retusa. Reeve Icon., Nassa,. f. 195 b 6(5 367. Desmoulea Tryoni, Crosse (== retusa). Jour, de Conch., t. 1, f. 3, 1871 KG 368. Desmoulea Japoni.ca, A. Ad. Reeve, Nassa, f. 192 66 369. Desmoulea pyramidalis, A. Ad. Reeve, f. 191 b 66 370. Desmoulea ringens, A. Ad. Reeve, Nassa, f. 190 66 371. Nassa peritremia, T, Woods. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, iv, t: 4, f. 5 48 372. Nassa Coppingeri, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 4, f. 7, 1881 56 373. Nassa tseniolata, Phil. Zool. Proc., t. 4, f. 8, 1881 57 Plate 19. 1. Turbinella py rum, Linn (Junior). Kiener, Iconog., t. 7 68 2. Turbinella pyrum, Linn. Reeve, Icon., f. 15 68 3. Turbinella napus, Lam. (= pyrum). Kiener, Iconog., t. 6 68 4. Turbinella ovoidea, Kiener. Reeve, loon., f. 23 70 5. Turbinella rapa, Gmel. (= pyrum). Kiener, t. 5 68 6. 7. Turbinella napus, Lam. (= pyrum). Monstr., Ann. Soc. Mai., Belg., x, t. 2, f. 4, 5 68 25. Vasum mitis, Lam. (= capitellum, L.). Kiener, t. 12, f. 2 73 Plate 20. 8. Turbinella scolymus, Gmel. Kiener, Iconog., t. 2 70 9. Turbinella fusus, Sowb. Reeve, Icon , f. 54 71 10. Vasum armatum, Brod. (= Ceramicum, Linn.). Reeve, Turbinella, f. 29 72 11. Vasum muricatum, Born. Reeve, Icon., f. 35, a 71 12. Vasum coestus, Brod. (= muricatum). Reeve, Turbinella, f. 34 a... 71 Plate 21. 13. Vasum Rhinoceros, Gmel. Reeve, Icon., f. 33 71 14. Vasum Cassidiforme, Val. (= Rhinoceros). Reeve, f. 32 71 15. Vasum vexillulum, Reeve (=•- Ceramicum). Reeve, f. 31 72 16. Vasum variolaria, Lam. (= turbinellum, juv.). Kiener, t. 21, f. 1.. 72 17. Vasum globulus, Lam. Reeve, Turbinella, f. 11: 78 18. Vasum Ceramicum, Linn. Reeve, f. 46 72 19. Vasum Crosseana, Souv. (== muricatum). Jour, de Conch., t. 13, f. 1, 1876 71 20-22. Vasum cornigerum, Lam. (= turbinellum). Kiener, t. 1 72 23. Vasum imperiale, Reeve. Icon., Turbinella, f. 28 72 24. Vasum capitellum, Linn. Reeve, Icon., f. 30 73 Plate 22. 1, 2, Cymba proboscidale, Lam. Sowb., Thesaurus, i, t. 80, f. 22, 27. 79 3, 4. Cymba porcinum, Lam. (— proboscidale). Sowb., Thes., i, t. 79, f. 5; t. 80, f. 20 79 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 2 .V.I KKil'KK. 1'AQK. 6. Cyniba rubiginosum, Swn. Sowb., Thes., t. 80, f. 19 79 7. Cymba cymbium, Sowb. ( cisium, Lam.). Thes., t. 80, f. 21 79 5, 8. Cymba gracile, Brod. ( cisium, Lam.). Thes., t. 79, f. 15; t. 80, f. 24 79 '.». Cymba Neptuni, Gmel. Thes., t. 79, f. 14 80 10. Cymba Tritonis, Brod. ( Neptuni). Thes., t. 79, f. 8 80 11. Cymba patula, Brod, ( Neptuni). Sowb., Thess., t. 79, f. 7 SO ll'. Cymba navicula, Gmel. (- Neptuni). Reeve, Cymba, t. 24, f. 15... 80 13. Cymbia olla, Linn. Sowb., Thes , t. 79, f. 4 ". 80 Plate 23. 14. Melo Indica, Gmel. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 81, f. 1 80 15. 10. Melo tessellata, Lam. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 81, f. 8, 7 80 17. Melo .Kthiopica, Linn. Sowb., Thes., iii, t. 262, f. 33 81 18. Melo regia, Sch. & Wagn. (= .Ethiopica, var.). Thes., t. 262, f. 31. 81 19. Melo nautica, Linn. (= .Ethiopica, var.). Sowr., Thes., i, t. 82, f. 11 81 20. 21. Melo Broderipii, Gray (= .Ethiopica, var.). Sowb., t. 83, f, 26, 27 81 22, 23. Melo diadema, Lam. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 82. f. 16, 17 81 •J I. 25. Melo armata, Lam. (= diadema). Sowb., Thes., t. 83, f. 21, 22. 81. 26. Melo umbilicata, Brod. (= diadema, var.). Sowb., t. 83, f. 30 81 27. Melo mucronata, Brod. (= diadema, var. ducalis).. Sowb., t. 83, f. 23 81 28. Melo Miltonis, Gray (= diadema, var.). Sowb., t. 83, f. 25 81 Plate 24. 29. 30. Voluta musica, Linn. Sowb., Thesaurus, i, t. 49, f. 41, 40 83 8.1. Voluta thiarella, Lam. (: musica). Sowb., Thes., t. 49, f, 39 83 32. Voluta Guinaica, Lam. (— musica). Sowb., Thes., t. 49, f. 38 83 33. Voluta sulcata, Lam. (— musica). Sowb., Thes., t. 53, f. 87 83 34. Voluta polypleura, Crosse (r= musica, var.). Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 6, 1876 83 35. Voluta virescens, Solander. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 52, f. 78 84 06. Voluta pusio, Swains. (— virescens). Thes., t. 55, f. 119 84 37. Voluta Hebrrca, Lam. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 54, f. 96 84 38. Voluta musica, Linn (animal). Fischer, Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 1, 1879 83 39. Voluta Indica, Sowb. (.-.- interpuncta, Mart.). Sowb., t. 51, f. 68... 84 40. Voluta turbinata, Kiener (= Hebrsoa, var.). Iconog., t. 26, f. 2.... 84 41. Voluta Hamillei, Crosse (= fupestris, Gmel.). Jour, de Conch., t. 1, f. 5, 1870 85 42. Voluta fulminata, Lam. (= rupestris). Sowb., Thes., t. 50, f. 51... 85 Plate 25. 43. 44. Voluta vespertilio, Linn. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 47, f. 15, 21......... 86 45. Voluta vespertilio, reversed. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 51, f. 67 86 46. Voluta pellis-serpentis, Lam. (— vespertilio). Sowb., t. 47, f. 20... 86 47. Voluta serpentina, Lam. (-. vespertilio). Sowb., t. 47, f. 23 SO 48. Voluta vespertilio, Linn. Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 44, f. 8 86 4<.t. Voluta mitis, Lam. (= vespertilio). Sowb., t, 47, f, 18 50. Voluta pulchra, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 54 a 86 260 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. 51. Voluta Wisemani, Brazier (= pulchra). Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 1, 1871 86 52. Voluta lineolata, Kiister (= vespertilio). Conch. Cab., t. 38, f. 6... 53. Voluta nivosa, Lara. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 51, f. 64 ! 54. Voluta innexa, Reeve (= rutila). Sowb., Thes.. iii, t. 261, f. 137... 87 55. Voluta Norrisii, Gray. Sowb., Thes., i, t, 51, f. 65 86 56. Voluta rutila, Brod. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 46, f. 6 87 57. Voluta Sophi ee, Gray. Sowb., Thes., iii, t. 261, f. 132 87 58. Voluta luteostoma, Desh. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 61, f. 59 59. Voluta maculata, Swains. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 53, f. 86 93 Plate 26. 60. Voluta piperita, Sowb. Thes., i, t. 51, f. 62 87 61. 62. Voluta aulica, Sol. Sowb., t, 46, f. 10, 11 87 63. Voluta Deshayesii, Reeve. Sowb., iii, t. 261, f. 134 64. Voluta Rossiniana, Bernardi. Sowb., Thes., iii, t. 261, f. 135 : 65. Voluta imperials, Lam. Sowb., i, t. 54, f. 102 88 66. Voluta Bednalli, Brazier. Zool. Proc., t. 40, f. 1, 1880 89 67. Voluta Junonia, Chemn. Sowb., i, t. 49, f. 44 90 68. Voluta scapha, Gmel. Sowb., i, t. 48, f. 35 89 69. Voluta Kaupi, Dunker. Novit, Conch., t. 22, f. 1 90 70. Voluta magnifica, Lam. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 54, f. 103 89 71. Voluta volvacea, Lam. (= flavicans, Gmel.). Sowb., t. 46, f. 3 91 72. Voluta exoptanda, Sowb. Thes. Conch., iii, t. 261, f. 136 91 73. Voluta Australia, Cox. Zool. Proc., t. 52, f. 1, 1871 91 74. Voluta Maria-Emma, Gray (= Grayae, Crosse). Sowb., Thes., iii, t. 261, f. 133 91 Plate 27. 75. Voluta Riickeri, Crosse (= piperita, var.). Jour de Conch., t. 1, f. 1, 1868 87 76. Voluta Macgillivrayi, Cox (— piperita, var.). Zool. Proc., t. 48, f. 9, 1873 87 77. Voluta dubia, Brod. Jahrbuch Mai. Gesell., vi, t. 4, f. 1 90 78. Voluta Ceraunia, Crosse (= piperita, var.). Jour, de Conch., t. 4, f. 1, 1880 87 79. Voluta Cathcartitc, Reeve. Zool. Proc., t. 33, f. 6, 1856 88 80. Voluta punctata, Swains. Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 2, 1871.... 89 81. Voluta dubia, Brod. (juv.). Sowb., Thes. Conch , i, t. 55, f. 115.... 90 82. Voluta Hargreavesi, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 42, f. 13, 1872 89 83. Voluta Sclateri, Cox. Zool. Proc., t. ,26, f. 3, 1869 92 84. Voluta Tissotiana, Crosse (= flavicans). Jour, de Conch., t. 6, f. 1, 1867 91 85. Voluta Turneri, Gray. Sowb., Thes., iii, t. 260, f. 129 92 86. Voluta Kingi, Cox. Zool. Proc., t. 34, f. 4, 1871 92 Plate 28. 87. Voluta Angasi, Sowb. (= undulata, Lam.). Thes. Conch., i, t. 48, f. 29 92 88. Voluta undulata, Lam. Sowb., i, t. 48, f. 28 92 89. Voluta marmorata, Swn. Sowb., i, t. 46, f. 8 92 90. Voluta pallida, Gray (= volva, Gmel.). Sowb., i, t. 53, f. 91 93 91. Voluta zebra, Leach. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 53, f. 83 93 REFERENCE TO PLATES. *2(\\ FIGURE. VAGUS. 92. Voluta Loroisi, Val. Sowb., Thes., iii.t, 201, f. 188 9:1 !»:!. Voliit.'iprtllida., Gray, var. ( reticulata. Kve.). Sowb., i, t. 68, f. 94. 94 '.14. Voluia puotextn, Reeve. Conch. Iron., f. 29 b 94 95. Voluta Ilarfordi, ("ox ( canaliculata, McCoy). Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. "2, 1809 93 9ii. Voluta reticulata, Sowb. ( pnutexta). Thes., i, t 49, f. 47 94 97. Voluta Pacifica, Soland. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 48, f. 20 94 9S. Voluta fusus, Quoy ( Pacifica, juv.). Voy. Astrol., t. 44, f. 8.... 91 99. Voluta gracilis, Swn. ( Pacifica). Thes. Conch., i, t. 55, f. 117.. 91 100. Voluta Americana, Reeve. Zool. Proc., t. 33, f. 2, 1850 94 101. Voluta Cleryana, Petit ( Americana). Jour, de Conch., 2 ser, i, t. 0, f. 4 91 102. Voluta megaspira, Sowb. Thes., i, t. 48, f. :{•_> 95 103. Voluta fusiformis, Swains. Sowb., t. 54, f. 100 95 104. 10"). Voluta fulgetrum, Sowb. Thes., i. t, 48, f. 33, 34 95 100. Voluta papillosa, Swn. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 48, f. 30 95 Plate 29. 107. Voluta ancilla, Sowb. ( Magellanica, Lam.). Thes., i. t. 54, f. 101. 91 108. Voluta subnodosa, Leach ( Magellanica). Thes., t. 47, f. 24 97 109. Voluta Beckii, Brod. Sowb., i, t. 54, f. 104... 97 110. Voluta Magellanica, Sowb. ( ancilla). Thes., t. 54, f. 99 97 111. Voluta rudis, Gray ( Brasiliana). Thes., t. 40, f. 7. No color. 98 112. Voluta angulata, Swains. Sowb., t. 47, f. 13 98 113. Voluta Brasiliana, Soland. Orb., Voy. Am., t. 60, f. 4 9S 114. AToluta concinna, Brod. Sowb., t. 51, f. 00 99 115. Volut i Brasiliana, Sol. Sowb., Thes., i. t, 54, f. 98 98 110. Voluta bullata, Swains. Sowb., t, 53, f. 88 100 117. Voluta Brazieri, Cox. Zool. Proc.. t. 48, f. 8, 1873 100 118. Voluta cymbiola, Sowb., Thes , t. 52, f. 75 9'.) 119. Voluta corona, Chemn. (-.-.- cymbiola). Sowb., t. 55, f. 120 99 120. Voluta abyssicola, Ad. & Rve. Sowb., Thes., iii, t. 200, f. 124 100 121. Voluta angulata, Swains. Orb., Voy. Am., t, 00, f. 2 98 122. Voluta mamilla, Gray. Sowb., i, t. 50, f. 57 101 Plate 30. 123. Voluta Kllioti, Sowb. ( Turneri, Gray). Thes., iii, t, 200, f. 127. 92 124. Voluta Kreuslcnu Angas. Zool. Proc., l. 2, f. 3, 1805 94 12"). Voluta festiva, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 28, c 95 12U. Voluta Thatcberi, McCoy. Jour, de Conch., t. 1, f. 1, 1873 90 127. Voluta Africana, Reeve. Zool. Proc., t, 33, f. 3, 1856 95 128. Voluta RoadnighUu, McCoy. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., t. 7, f. 2, 1881. 96 129. Voluta coniformis, Cox. Jour, de Conch., t. 4, f. 1, 1871 100 130. Voluta Stearnsii, Dall. Calif. Proc., iv, t. 1, f. 1 97 131. Voluta Ferussaci, Don. ( Brasiliana). Reeve, Icon., f. 23 98 132. Voluta Prevostiana, Crosse (= megaspira, var.). Jour, de Conch., t. 1, f. 1, 1879 95 Plate 31. 133. Lyria deliciosa, Montrouzier. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser.,iv, t. 2, f. 7. 102 134. 135. Lyria deliciosa, Jour, de Conch., t. 13, f. 3, 4, 1867. a, foot; b, siphon, cut open; c, mantle; d, c, branchiae ; g, rectum: /,-, appendages of the siphon ; Z, prerectal glands ; m, penis ; n, ten- tacles ; o, lateral appendages of the neck ; p, visceral sac 102 262 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 136. Lyria nucleus, Lam. Reeve, Icon. Voluta, f. 41, b 102 137. Lyria Beaui, Fischer & Bernardi. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser. i, t. 9, f. 1 102 138. Lyria cassidula, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., iii, t. 260, f. 130 103 139. Lyria pusilla, Schrenck. Amur Landes Moll., t, 17, f. 15 103 140. Lyria Delessertiana, Petit. Sowb., i, t, 52, f. 74 103 141. Lyria Lyraeformis, Swn. Sowb., i, t. 49, f. 45 103 142.' Lyria costata, Swains. Sowb., t. 52, f. 71 103 143. Lyria Mitrreformis, Lam. Sowb., t. 52, f. 82 103 144. Lyria Archeri, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 2, f. 5, 1865 104 145. Lyria harpa, Barnes. Sowb., i, t. 55, f. 114 104 146. Lyria Cumingii, Brod. Sowb., t, 55, f. 105 104 147. Lyria Cylleniformis, Sowb. (= Cumingii). Thes., t. 55, f. 113 104 148. Lyria Guildingii, Sowb. Thes., t. 55, f. 110 105 149. Lyria guttata, Reeve. Icon., f. 56 105 150. Lyria Columbella, Sowb. Thes., iii, t. 260, f. 123 105 151. 152. Microvoluta Australis, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 2, 1877 105 153. Voluta vexillum, Lam. Sowb., Thes., t. 50, f. 54 85 Plate 32. 1. Mitra episcopalis, Linn. Kiener. Mitra, t. 1, f. 1 Ill 2. Mitra papalis, Linn. Sowb., Thesaurus, f. 6 Ill 3. Mitra pontificalia, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 1 Ill 4. Mitra cardinalis, Gmel. Sowb., Thes., f. 32 Ill 5. Mitra Lamarckii, Desh. Sowb., Thes., f. 58 112 6. Mitra versicolor, Martyn. Sowb., Thes., f. 44 '... 112 7. Mitra versicolor, Martyn. Kiener, Iconog., t. 7, f. 18 112 8. Mitra nebulosa, Swains. (— versicolor). Reeve, Icon., f. 3 112 Plate 33. 9. Mitra variegata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. Ill 113 10. Mitra variegata, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 162 .....* 113 11. Mitra propinqua, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 59 112 12. Mitra nympha, Reeve (= variegata). Icon., f. 249.... 113 13. Mitra lacunosa, Reeve (= variegata). Conch. Icon., f. 65 113 14. Mitra Rossiae, Reeve (= variegata). Sowb., Thes., f. 113 113 15. Mitra sanguinolenta, Lam. Kiener, Iconog., t. 14, f. 45 113 16. Mitra eximia, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 266 113 17. Mitra lacunosa, Sowb. (= eximia). Thes. Conch., f. 171 113 18. Mitra crcrulea, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 232 114 19. Mitra Mauritiana, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 610 114 20. Mitra incisa, Ads. & Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 292 114 21. Mitra Marias, A. Ad. (= incisa). Smith, Zool. Proc., t. 50, f. 14, 1878 114 22. Mitra serpentina, Lam. Sowbi", Thes., f. 73 114 23. Mitra Marquesana, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 575 114 24. Mitra Bovei, Kieuer. Sowb., Thes., f. 60 115 25. Mitra puncticulata, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 9 115 26. Mitra Sophias, Crosse. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 546 115 27. Mitra cratitia, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 545 115 28. Mitra dactyloidea, Anton (= Olivaaformis). Kuster, t. 14, f. 2 131 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 203 Plate 34. KM JUKE. PAOK. 29. Mitra floccata, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 180 115 :!(). Mitra chalybeia, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 50 11(5 31. Mitra guttata, Swains. Sowb., Thes., f. 166 110 :'.'J. Mitra Ferguson!, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 70 llfi •".8. Mitra limata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 312 lir, 34. Mitra Desetangsii, Kiener. Sowb., Thes., f. 18:5 117 3-~>. Mitra florida, Gould. From type specimen llfi 30. Mitra cancellata, Kiener. Iconog., t. SO, f. 98 117 37. Mitra Hamillei, Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 7, f. 0, 1851 117 88. Mitra Senegalensis, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 347 117 39. Mitra declivis, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 272 US 40. Mitra inquinata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 20 US 11. Miira declivis, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. z72 US 42. Mitra glabra, Swains. Sowb., Thes., f. 54 117 43. Mitra fulgurita, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 03 118 § Mitra Wrightii, Crosse (= inquinata). Jour, de Conch., t. 1, f. 1, 1878 118 i Plate 35. . Mitra striatula, Lam. (= Barbadensis, Gmel.). Sowb., Thes., f. 07, 374 118 47. Mitra variabilis, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 184 119 4S. Mitra tessellata, Kiener (= Barbadensis). Iconog., f. 42 118 49. Mitra picta, Reeve (.— Rarbadensis). Conch. Icon., f. 123 US 50. Mitra simplex, Punker. Krauss, Sudafr. Moll., t. 6, f. 20 1 10 51. Mitra ustulata, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 227 110 52. Mitra ignobilis, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 110 119 53. Mitra abbatis, Chemn. (= contracta, Swn.). Reeve, Icon., f. 91 120 54. Mitra rubiginosa, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 167 119 55. Mitra cancellata, Swains. Sowb., Thes., f. GO 119 56. Mitra cylindracea, Reeve (= variabilis). Sowb., Thes., f. 188 119 57. Mitra solida, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 105 120 58. GO. Mitra pigra, A. Ad. Sowb , Thes., f. 177, 325 120 59. Mitra latruncularia, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 166 120 61. Mitra caliginosa, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 75 120 62. Mitra sacerdotalis A. Ad. Sowb , Thes., f. 79 120 63. Mitra strigata, Swains. Sowb., Thes., f. 330 121 04. Mitra Rosettoe, Angas. Sowb., Thes., f. 330 121 Plate 36. 65. Mitra Chinensis, Gray. Sowb , Thes., f. 81 120 66. Mitra Chinensis, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 36 120 67. Mitra orientalis, Gray ( = maura, Swn.). Sowb., Thes., f. 40 121 08. Mitra Swainsoni, Brod. Reeve, Icon., f. 4 121 09. Mitra abbreviata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 328 122 70. Mitra induta, Sowb. Zool. Proc., t. 24, f. 9, 1875 121 71. Mitra nigra, Quoy (= Quoyi, Desh.). Voy. Astrol., t. 45, f. 17 122 72. Mitra infrafasciata, Souv. Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 7, 1865 122 73. Mitra nitida, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 637 122 74. Mitra cornicula, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 523 122 75. Mitra fusca, Swains. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 301 122 76. Mitra cornicularis, Lam. (— cornicula). Kiener, Iconog., t. 12, f. 38. 122 77. Mitra Philippiana, Forbes (= cornicula). Sowb., Thes., f. 524 122 264 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 78. Mitra graja, Reeve (= cornicula). Sowb., Thes., f. 525 122 79. Mitra lactea, Lam. (— cornicula, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 102 1 80. Mitra plumbea, Reeve (— cornicula, var,). Conch. Icon., f. 156.... 12'2 81. Mitra Schroeteri, Desh. (= cornicula, var.). Thes., Conch., f. 529.. 122 82. Mitra insolata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 650 1 83. Mitra Groenlandica, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 106 124 84. 85, 87. Mitra ebenus, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. £29, 334, 335... 124 86. Mitra Kieneri, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 324 , 1 88. Mitra Defrancii, Payr. (= ebenus, var. costata). Reeve, Icon., f. 159. 124 Plate 37. 89. Mitra livida, Reeve (•= ebenus, var. costata). Conch. Icon., f. 134 b. 124 90. Mitra chelonia, Reeve (? = ebenus). Conch. Icon., f. 281) 124 91. Mitra patula, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 333 125 92. Mitra rufocincta, A. Ad. (= Capensis). Sowb., Thes., f. 653 125 93. Mitra lachryma, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 258 125 94. Mitra vincta, A. Ad. (= Capensis). Sowb., Thes., f. 520 125 95. Mitra Capensis, Dunker. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 654 125 96. Mitra pica, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 247 125 97. Mitra albina, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 547 129 98. Mitra flexilabris, Sowb. Zool. Proc., t, 24, f. 4, 1875 128 99. Mitra petrosa, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 314 124 100. Mitra funerea, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 108 126 101. Mitra funerea, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 114 126 102. Mitra bilineata, Reeve (— funerea). Conch. Icon., f. 294 126 103. Mitra analogica, Reeve. Conch., Icon., f. 293 126 104. Mitra Australis, Swains. Reeve, Icon., f. 118 126 105. Mitra melaleuca, Quoy (= Australis). Voy. Astrol., t, 45 bis, f. 26. 126 106. Mitra Lamberti, Souv. Jour, de Conch., t. 13, f. 3, 1875.. 126 107. Mitra polita, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 94 126 108. Mitra callosa, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 105 126 109. Mitra effusa, Swains. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 100 127 110. Mitra testacea, Swains. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 98 127 111. Mitra bulimoides, Reeve (= testacea). Conch. Icon., f. 224 127 112. Mitra badia, Reeve (== testacea). Sowb , Thes. Conch., f. 181 127 113. Mitra typha, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 323 128 114. Mitra rhodia, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 225 127 115. Mitra castanea, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 205 127 116. Mitra peculiaris, Reeve (= typha). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 322... 128 117. Mitra tenuis, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 327 129 118. Mitra nigra, Chemn. (= Melaniana, Lam.). Sowb., Thes., Conch., ' f. 4 127 119. Mitra digna, A. Ad. (= Melaniana). Sowb., Thes., f. 115 127 120. Mitra micans, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 588 129 •121. Mitra Cookii, Hanley. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 228 129 Plate 38. 122. Mitra zonata, Marryatt. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 62 130 123. Mitra casta, Lam. Sowb., Thes Conch, f. 46 i:!0 124. Mitra fissurata, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 90 131 125. Mitra ocellata. Swains. (= fissurata). Sowb., Thes., f. 85 131 126. Mitra Sant&ngeli, Marav. ( zonata). Guerin's Mag., t. 23, 1840. 130 127. Mitra filum, AVood. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 305 130 128. Mitra formosa, Pease. Am, Jour. Conch, iii, t, 2:>, f. 1 131 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 205 FTfUTRK PAOK. 12'.». Milra zephyrina, Duclos. Sowb.. Thes. Conch., f. 308 132 130. Mitra Nevillei, Hanley ( zephyrina). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 300. 132 131. Mitra Olivtvformis, Swains, lloeve, Conch. Icon., f. 212 l:'.l 132. Mitra impressa. Anton. Sowb., Thes., Conch., f. 10G ... .. 132 13:\ Mitra lens, Wood. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 28 133 134. Mitra vitellina, Gould. Moll. Wilkes' Exped., f. 352 132 135. Mitra oniscina, Lam. Kiener, Iconog., t. 25, f. 79 133 13(1. Mitra terebralis, Lam. ( tessellata. Mart.). Sowb., Thes., f. 94. 132 137. Mitra Dupontii, Kiener (= lens). Iconog., t. 13, f. 39 133 13S. Mitra granulosa, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 90 133 121). Mitra tessellata, Marty n. Sowb., Thes., f . 97 132 Plate 39. 140. Mitra Inca, d'Orb. (= lens). Voy. Am. Merid., t. 77, f. 1 133 141. Mitra lignaria, Reeve (-= lens). Conch. Icon., f. 64 133 142. Mitra muricata, Swains. (= lens). Sowb., Thes., f. 558 133 143. Mitra vultuosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 270 134 144. Mitra rupicola, Reeve (= lens). Conch. Icon., f. 53 133 145. Mitra nucleola, Lam. Kiener, Iconog., t. 26, f. 83 134 140. Mitra nucleola, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 226 134 147. Mitra nucleola, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 397 134 148. Mitra Lifouana, Crosse (= texturata, var.). Jour, de Conch., t. 13, f. 5, 1872 134 149. Mitra sphserulata, Martyn. Sowb., Thes Conch., f. 38 134 150. Mitra texturata, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 84 134 151. Mitra unifascialis, Lam. (= nucleola). Kiener, Iconog., t. 26, f. 84 * 134 152. Mitra. crenifera, Lam. Reeve, Conch., Icon., f. 38 135 153. Mitra Ehrenbergi, Jickeli. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., 1, t. 2, f. 3 136 154. Mitra arenacea, Dunker. Novit. Conch., t. 10, f. 3 136 155. Mitra Hemprichii, Jickeli. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., i, t. 2, f. 1 136 156. Mitra gracilis, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 187 136 157. Mitra Strangei, Angas. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 289 130 158. Mitra scabriuscula, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 35 135 1 V.i. Mitra Peasei, Dohrn (= Isabella). Sowb.. Thes., f. 76 137 100. Mitra cytharoidea, Dohrn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 567 136 161. Mitra Hebes, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 230 137 162. Mitra loricata, Reeve (= Isabella, Swn.). Sowb., Thes., f. 147.... 137 103. Mitra fqrmosa, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 235 138 104. Mitra pretiosa, Reeve (= crenifera). Conch. Icon., f. 110... 135 105. Mitra Antonice, H. Ad. (= crenifera). Thes. Conch., f. 245 135 Plate 40. 100. Mitra Norrisii, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 68 137 107. Mitra nivea, Swains. Sowb., Thes., f. 77 137 168. Mitra Isabella, Swains. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 42 137 109. Mitra Murchii, A. Ad. (= Isabella). Zool. Proc., t. 28, f. 5, 1854.. 137 170. Mitra crebrilineata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 626 138 171. Mitra sulcata, Swains. Reeve, Icon., f. 176 139 172. Mitra lineata, Swains. Sowb., Thes., f. 554 139 173. Mitra multilirata, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 556 139 174. Mitra nexilis, Mart, (= filaris, Linn.). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 83. 138 175. Mitra filosa, Born. (= filaris, Linn.). Sowb , Thes , f. 82 138 176. Mitra circulata, Kr. (= filaris, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 87 138 34 266 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 177. Mitra gigantea, Swains. (= sulcata). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 95.. 139 178. Mitra Tathnte, Jickeli. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., i, t. 2, f. 4 139 179. Mitra Belcheri, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 80 139 180. Mitra Bernardiana, Phil. (— filaris, var.). Specimen 138 181. Mitra segra, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 112 139 182. Mitra Hindsii, Reeve (= sulcata). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 95..... 139 183. Mitra funiculata, Reeve (= sulcata). Conch. Icon., f. 122 139 184. Mitra attenuata, Swains. (— sulcata). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 194. 139 185. Mitra carnicolor, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 549 139 Plate 41. 186. Mitra incarnati, Reeve (— carnicolor). Sowb., Thes., f. 551 139 187. Mitra pura, A. Ad. (= carnicolor). Sowb.. Thes., f. 566 139 188. Mitra straminea, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 561 140 189. Mitra pia, Dohrn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 550 139 190. Mitra flammea, Quoy. Sowb., Thes , f. 173 140 191. Mitra flammigera, Reeve (= flammea). Sowb., Thes., f. 108 140 192. Mitra interlirata, Reeve (= flammea). Sowb., Thes., f. 369 140 193. Mitra avenacea, Reeve (— flammea). Conch. Icon., f. 246 140 194. Mitra Haneti, Petit. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 624 142 195. Mitra foveolata, Dunker (.-= flammea). Sowb., Thes., f. 371 140 196. Mitra tornata, Reeve (— flammea). Conch. Icon., f. 269 140 197. Mitra rufilirata, Ad. & Reeve (= flammea). Sowb., Thes., f. 572.. 140 198. Mitra Cyri, Dohrn (= fulgetrum). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 576... 142 199. Mitra Novse Hollands, Sowb. (= flammea). Thes. Conch., f. 368.. 140 200. Mitra hystrix, Montrouz. (= flammea). Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., ii, t. 9, f. 8, 1862 140 201. Mitra roborea, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 306 140 202. Mitra duplilirata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 229 140 203. Mitra annulata, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 92 140 204. Mitra acutilirata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 274 141 205. Mitra insculpta. A. Ad. (= annulata). Sowb., Thes., f. 568 140 206. Mitra amoena, A. Ad. (= annulata). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 244. 140 207. Mitra Fischeri, Souv. (= annulata). Sowb., Thes., f. 573 140 208. Mitra rosacea, Reeve (= annulata). Conch. Icon., f. 321 140 209. Mitra acuta, Sowb. (= annulata). Zool. Proc., t. 48, f. 7, 1878 140 210. Mitra flammea, Reeve (= Philippinarum). Conch. Icon., f. 120... 141 211. Mitra semiconica, Sowb. (= Philippinarum). Thes. Conch., f. 619. 141 212. Mitra strigillata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 248 141 213. Mitra bacillum, Lam. Mag. de Zool., t. 7, 1831 141 214. Mitra Hindsii, Reeve (= sulcata). Thes. Conch , f. 196 139 215. Mitra pruinosa, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 565 142 216. Mitra fulgetrum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 115 152 217. Mitra Boissaci, Montr. (= fulgetrum). Sowb., Thes., f. 574 142 Plate 42. 218. Mitra Malleti, Petit. Jour, de Conch., iii, t. 2,'f. 1 142 219. 220. Mitra carinata, Swains. Sowb., Thes., f. 246, 247 142 221. Mitra Senegalensis, Reeve (= carinata). Sowb., Thes., f. 347 142 222. Mitra Gambiana, Dohrn (= carin»ta). Novit. Conch., t. 15, f. 11. 142 223. Mitra Gambiana, Dohrn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 579 142 224. Mitra spadicea, Dunker (.-— peregra). Sowb.,. Thes. Conch , f. 478. 225. Mitra telescopium, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 304 143 226. Mitra mocsta, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 323 143 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 267 KKU'llK. 1'AGE. "I'll. Mitra cucumerina, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 201 I |:; 22S. Mitra cucumerina, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 277 1 \'.\ 22'. i. Mitra traga. Quoy (? cucumerina). Voy. Astrol., t. 45 bis, f. 29. Mo 2>0. .Mitra Adamsonii, Gray. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 627 144 231. Mitra Antonii, Ktister ( Adamsonii). Conch. Cab., t. 14, f. 12... 144 2-'!2. TVlitra Tornatelloides, Reeves. Conch. Icon., f. 310 144 I':;::. Mitra chrysalis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 200 144 2::i. Mitra turgida, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 273 144 235. Mitra indentata, Sowb. ( turgida) Thes. Couch., f. 412 144 236. Mitra peregra, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 186 144 2:17. Mitra porcata. Humphr. ( peregra). Conch. Icon., f. 187 144 2:!S. Mitra miniata, Anton ( peregra). Riister, t. 14, f. 9 144 2-".9. Mitra gracilior, Carpenter. Specimen , 145 2-10. Mitra Adamsonii, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 150 M-l 241. Mitra astyagis. Dohrn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 367 , 142 212. Mitra turben, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 213 1 I'. 24:;. Mitra tabanula, Lam. Reeve, Iconog., f. 325 146 I'll. Mitra pediculus, Lam. ( tabanula). Kiener, Iconog., t. 16, f. 53. Mi; 245. Mitra minor, Sowb. ( tabanula). Thes. Conch., f. 662 Mr, 246. Mitra rotundilirata, Reeve ( tabanula). Conch. Icon., f. 178 146 217. Mitra Caledonica, Recluz ( tabanula). Joifr. de Conch. ,iv. t. 7, f. 7. 146 Plate 43. 248. Mitra Hanleyi, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 661 ..-. 146 iM'.t. Mitra Solandri, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 172 lid 250. Mitra Solandri, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 265 146 251. Mitra Ruppellii, Reeve ( Solandri). Conch. Icon., f. 179 146 263. Mitra vexillum, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 270 146 251. Mitra crassicostata, Sowb ( vexillum, Rve.). Thes. Conch., f. 387. 146 255, 256. Mitra aurantia, Gmelm. Sowb., Thes Conch., f. 250 147 257. Mitra nanus, Reeve ( aurantia). Conch. Icon., f 194 147 258. Mitra Michelini, Gueriu. Mag. de Zool., t. 38, 1830 147 259. Mitra proscissa, Reeve. Sowb., Thesaurus, f. 282 147 2C,o. Mitra rubiginea, A. Ad. (.-- proscissa). Thes. Conch., f. 257 147 261. Mitra carinilirata, Souv. ( proscissa). Jour, de Conch., t. 1, f. 1, 1872 147 2H2. Mitra consolidata, Sowb. (? ^ proscissa). Thes. Conch., f. 271.... 147 26:]. Mitra crassa, Swains. Sowb., Thes, Conch., f. 66 147 252, 264. Mitra Ticaonica, Reeve (-.--• crassa). Conch. Icon., f. 181 147 265. Mitra Ticaonica, Reeve (= crassa). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 252.. 147 266. Mitra ambigua, Swains. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 5 147 267. Mitra fulva, Swains. (•=- ambigua, var.). Reeve, Icon., f. 24 147 26S. Mitra attenuata, Reeve (— fulva). Conch, Icon., f. 45 147 269. Mitra adusta, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 16 148 Plate 44. 270 Mitra Ticaonica, Reeve (= crassa). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 253... 147 271. Mitra fulvescens, Swains. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 452 148 272. Mitra cocligena Reeve (? == crassa). Sowb., Thes., f. 222 147 27::. Mitra coronata, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 104 a • 148 271. Mitra coronata, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 220 148 275. Mitra tiarella, A. Ad. ( coronata). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 56... 148 276. Mitra adusta, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 17 148 277. Mitra aurora, Dohrn (= coronata, Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 223... 148 268 REFERENCE TO PLATES. KK;UUK. PAGE. 278. Mitra digitalis, Dillw. Sowb., Thes. Concb.. f. 207 H'.i 279. Mitra ferruginea, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 15 150 2SO. Mitra rubritincta, lleeve ( ferruginea). Conch. Icon., f. 147,... 150 281. Mitra assimilis, Pease (•.- - coronata). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 1 - 148 282. Mitra marginata, Sowb. (?-.— coronata). Thes. Conch., f. 311 148 28:!. Mitra floridula, Sowb., (= coronata). Thes. Conch , f. 28:5 118 281,285. Mitra lugubris, Swains. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 200. 201 149 280. Mitra albofasciata, Sowb. (= lugubris). Thes. Conch., f. 300 149 287. Mitra coriacea, Reeve (= lugubris, juv.). Conch. Econ , f. 231 149 288. Mitra picea, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 658 150 289. Mih-a U/ielliana, Crosse. Thes. Conch., f. 455 150 290. Mitra clara, Sowb. (— ferruginea). Thes., f. 652 150 291. Mitra pudica, Pease. Sowb , Thes. Conch., f. 296 150 292. Mitra subrostrata, Sowb. (— pudica). Thes. Conch., f. 297 150 2',):;, 294. Mitra Candida, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 288, 562 150 295. Mitra crenata. Swains. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 563 151 290. Mitra Lienardi, Souverb. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 239 151 297. Milra Williams!, Newcomb. Am. Jour. Conch., v, t. 17, f. 5 151 29S. Mitra luctuosa, A. Ad.. Sowb., Thes., f. 229 151 299. Mitra rutila, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 221 151 300. Mitra pellis-serpentis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 66 151 Plate 45. 301. Mitra brunnea, Pease. Specimen 153 302. Mitra brumalis, Reeve (= pellis-serpentis). Sowb., Thes., f. 210.. 151 303. Mitra microstoma, Sowb. (== pellis-serpentis). Thes., f. 291 151 304. Mitra reticulata, Pease (= pellis-serpentis). Sowb., Thes. f. 290.. 151 305. Mitra suturata, Reeve (= pellis-serpentis). Conch. Icon., f. 272... 151 306. Mitra cretacea, Sowb. (== pellis-serpentis). Thes., f. 578 151 307. Mitra Grelloisi, Recluz (= pellis-serpentis). Jour, de Conch., iv, t. 7, f. 8 151 308. Mitra Nassoides, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 631 152 309. Mitra serotina, A. Ad., Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 216 152 310. Mitra semiferruginea, Jonas. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 222 a 152 311. Mitra dealbata, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., f. 571 152 312. Mitra acuminata, Swains. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 88 153 313. Mitra coarctata, Swains. Sowb., Thes. Conch., -f. 99 153 314. Mitra brumalis, Reeve (pellis-serpentis). Sowb., Thes., f. 210 151 315. Mitra astricta, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 188 15.4 316. 318. Mitra astricta, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 208, 224 154 317. Mitra Samuelis, Dohrn (= astricta). Novit., t. 15, f. 1 154 319. Mitra Auriculoides, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 449 154 320. Mitra fastigium, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 435 154 321. Mitra Molleri, Kiister. Conch. Cab., t. 17 a, f. 13 154 322. Mitra limbifera, Lam. Sowb., Thes. f. 262 154 323. 324. Mitra ColumbellEeformis, Kiener (—limbifera). Sowb., Thes., f. 255, 256 154 325. Mitra striata, Gray (= limbifera). Beechey's Voy., t, 36, f. 7 154 ;',2tt. Mitra Mitchelini, Sowb. (= limbifera). Thes. Conch., f. 259 154 327. Mitra maculosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 175 155 328. Mitra Arabica, Dohrn (= maculosa). Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 4, 1861. 155 329. Mitra tristis, Swains. Reeve, Icon., f. 194 155 REFERENCE TO PLATES. wJli'J Plate 46. KKM'IIK. 1'AGE. 880, 331. Mitra chrysoslomu, Swains. Sowl.., Tlu-s.. I. S, f. 95, '.H) 15ft 332, 333. M;tra scutulata, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 430, 431 155 334. .M lira ainplmrella. Lam. ( scutulata). Sowb., Thes , f. 432 155 885. Mitra decurtata, Rccvc ( scutulata). Sowb., Thes., f. 460 155 880. Mitra oleacea, Reeve ( scutulata). Conch. Icon . f. 105 155 337. Mitra sertum, Duval ( scutulata). Jour, de Conch., iii, t. 7, f. 1. 155 :'3S. Mitra litterata, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 480 155 389. Mitra maculosa, Reeve ( litterata). Sowb , Thes., f. 442 155 3-10. Mitra paupercula, Linn. Reeve, C®nch. Icon., f. 84 156 •'Ml. Mitra virgata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 197 b 15b 3I'J. Mitra re'usa, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 198 150 3-1,°). Mitra virgata, Rt eve ( retusa, Lam.). Conch. Icon., f. 197 a 150 344. Mitra capillata, Gould (= retusa). Wilkes Exped., f. 351 150 345. Mitra Ziervogeliana, Gmel. Reeve, Icon., f. 136 167 340. Mitra robusta, Reeve (-- Ziervogeliana, var.) Icon., f. 140 157 347. Mitra jucunda ( tigrina). Tapparone-Canefri, Vov. Magenta, 1. 1, f. 3'. '. 157 IS. Mitra tigrina, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes Conch., f. 438 157 49. .Mitra Woldemarii. Kien (= Ziervogeliana, var.). Iconog., f. 139. 157 350. Mitra solidula. Reeve ( Ziervogeliana, var.). Conch. Icon., f. 133. 157 351. Mitra .Kthiops, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 324 158 352. Mitra anthracina, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 137 158 353. Mitra choava, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 135...*.. 158 54. Mitra albomaculata, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 449 158 355. Mitra Columbellaria, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 660 168 Plate 47. 350. Thala foveata, Sowb. Thes. Conch, f. 408 160 357. Thala roseata, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 604 10o 35S. Thala solitaria, C. B. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 665 160 359. Thala exilis, Reeve. 'Sowb., Thes., f. 67 li 100 300. Thala todilla, Mighels. Sowb.. Thes., f 073 100 801. Tliala milium, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 251 160 30± Thala recurva, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 297 160 503. Thala g'ratiosa, Reeve Conch. Icon., f. 277 161 804. Thala mirifica, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 278 161 365. Thala cernica, Sowb. Thes. Conch,, f. 070 161 36H. Thala augustata, Sowb. (= cernica). Thes. Conch., f. 671 161 307. Thala angiostoma, Pease (------ cernica, var.). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 9 161 368, 369. Thala fusus, Souverb. (— cernica, var.). Jour, de Conch., t. 13, f. 3, 4, 1876 161 370. Thala brevicula, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., t. 13. f. 5, 1876 161 371. Thala adumbrata, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., t. 13, f. 6, 1876 161 372. Mitroidea Barclayi, Adams (= multiplicata, Pse.). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 310 162 373. Mitroidea Lo3bbeckianus,Weink. (-- multiplicata). KUster, Pleurot, t. a, f. 1 102 374. Mitroidea Ancillides, Swains. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 100 162 375. Mitroidea bellula, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 593 163 376. Mitroidea telum, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 614 163 377. Mitroidea infecta, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 75 163 378. Mitroidea infecta, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 007 163 2 TO REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 379, 380. Mitroidea Barclay!, Hanley (== infecta). Thes. Conch., f. 225, 612 1W 381. Dibaphus Philippii, Crosse. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 008 164 Plate 48. 382. Turricula regina, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 53 164 383. Turricula taeniata, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 52.. 164 384. 385. Turricula vittata, Swains. (= tieniata). Keeve, Conch., Icon., f. 50, b, c 164 386. Turricula vittata, Swains. (= tteniata). Sowb., Then. Conch., f. 121. 164 387. Turricula compressa, Sowb. (= tgeniata). Thes. Conch., f. 50 164 388. 389. Turricula Tayloriana, Sowb. (= tseniata). Thes. Conch., f. 125,153 164 390. Turricula coccinea, Reeve (= taeniata). Conch. Icon., f. 49, 164 391. Turricula Dennisoni, Reeve. Sowb.. Thes. Conch., f. 61 165 392. Turricula elegans, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 142 165 393. Turricula sanguisuga, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 91 165 394. Turricula sanguisuga, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 99 165 395. Turricula stigmataria, Lam. (--= sanguisuga, var. granosa). Sowb., Thes., f. 47 165 396. 397. Turricula stigmataria, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 48, 49 165 398. Turricula jucunda, Dunker. Journal de Conch., t. 9, f. 11, 1879.. 105 Plate 49. 399. Turricula Stainforthii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 13 166 400. Turricula Stainforthii, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 136 166 401. 402. Turricula melongena, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 132, 18 166 403. Turricula lyrata, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 46 166 x 404. Turricula curvilirata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 129 166 405. Turricula balteolata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 54 166 406. Turricula radius, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 309 166 407. Turricula melongena, Lam Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 47 a 166 408. Turricula costellaris, Lam. Thes. Conch., f. 25 166 409. Turricula caffra, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 20 167 410-413. Turricula vulpecula, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 10, 11, 13, 14 167 414. Turricula umbrosa, Sowb. (= vulpecula). Thes., f. 123 167 415. Turricula nasuta, Sowb. Thes , f. 623 169 416. Turricula Iscvicostata, Sowb. (— Gruneri). Thes. Conch., f. 139... 168 417. Turricula Berth se. Sowb. Zool. Proc., t. 48, f. 11, 1878 168 418. Turricula Gruneri, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 131 168 419. Turricula modesta, Pease (— Gruneri). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 6 168 Plate 50. 420. Turricula plicata, Kiener. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 26 167 421. Turricula pullata, Reeve (= plicata, var.). Conch. Icon., f, 102... 167 422. Turricula pullata, Reeve (== plicata, var.). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 43 167 423. Turricula cinctella, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 63 167 424. Turricula zonalis, Quoy (= caffra). Voy. Astrol., t. 45 bis, f. 16... 167 425. Turricula ornata, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 117 169 426. Turricula interrupta, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 118.. 169 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 271 FIGURE. PAGE. 427. Turricula fulvolirata (— : corrugata). Sowb., Zool. Proc., t. 48, f. 9, 1878 169 428. Turricula Jukesii, A. Ad. (-. = corrugata). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 116 , 168 429. Turricula corrugata, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., i. 42 168 430. Turricula intermedia, Kiener. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 60 168 431. Turricula mirabilis, A. Ad. (_— angulosa). Sowb., Thes., f. 629... 159 4:52. Turricula angulosa, Kuster. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 534 169 433. Turricula salmonea, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 375 169 4:54. Turricula decora, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 234 169 435. Turricula Cumingii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 67 170 436. Turricula Cumingii, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 503 170 437. Turricula dimidiata, Sowb. (— Cumingii). Thes. Conch , f. 396... 170 438. Turricula clathrata, Reeve (= Cumingii). Conch Icon., f. 71 170 439. Turricula rugosa, Sowb. (?= Cumingii). Reeve, Icon., f. 101 170 440. Turricula Montrouzieri, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., t. 13, f. 1, 1875. 170 441. Turricula lucida, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 541 170 442. Turricula nodulifera, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 530 170 443. Turricula modesta, Reeve. Conch. Icon.^ f. 254 170 Plate 51. 444. 445. Turricula cineracea, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 491, 495. 171 446. Turricula Judteorum, Dohrn. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., i, t, 2, f. 7 171 447. Turricula militaris, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 236 b 171 448. Turricula Antonelli, Dohrn (= militaris, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 586 171 446. Turricula lubens, Reeve (— militaris, var.). Conch. Icon., f. 331. 171 450. Turricula compta, A. Ad. (= militaris, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 540. 171 451. Turricula turricula, A. Ad. ( militaris). Sowb., Thes., f 647,... 171 452. Turricula bella. Pease ( militaris, var.). . Sowb., Thes., f. 376 — 171 453. Turricula cophina, Gould (= militaris, var.). Wilkes' Exped., f. 335 171 454. Turricula cimelium, Reeve (= militaris). Sowb., Thes., f. 643 171 455. Turricula rorata, Gould (= militaris). Sowb.. Thes. Conch., f. 240. 171 456. Turricula interstriata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 392 172 457. Turricula corbicula, Sowb. Tbes. Conch., f. 538 172 458. Turricula Collinsoni, A. Ad Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 50, 1879 172 459. Turricula Suluensis, Ad. and Rve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 606 172 4(10. Turricula fuscoapicata, Smith ( Collinsoni). Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 49, 1879 172 461. Turricula Gotoensis, E. A. Smith (= Collinsoni). Zool. Proc., t. 20, 172 f 51, 1879 172 462, 463. Turricula cruentata, Chemn. Sowb., Thes. Conch , f. 138, 144. 173 401. Turricula cruentata, var proxima. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 12ft 173 405. Turricula exarata, A. Ad. (^ cruentata, var.). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 602 173 466. Turricula ligata, A. Ad. (= cruentata, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 584. 178 467. Turricula buccinoidea, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 411 17-°. 468. Turricula larva, Lam. (= cruentata, var.). Kiener, Iconog., t. 26, f. 82 173 469. Turricula armillata, Reeve ( cruentata, var.). Conch. Icon., f.315 . 173 470. Turricula Schomburgki, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 18, f. 12, 1878 17:'. 471. Turricula alba, Pease. Specimen 129 272 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 472, 473. Turricula semifasciata, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 131 a, b. 174 474. Turricula semisculpta, Ad. & Rve. Sowb., Thes.. f. 159 174 475. Turricula mucronata, Swains. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 377 174 476. Turricula concentrica, Reeve (== mucronata). Conch. Icon., f. 128. 1 477. Turricula fusiformis, Reeve (= mucronata). Conch. Icon , f. 132 b. 114 478. Turricula obtusispinosa, Sowb. (= mucronata). Thes. Conch., f. 373 174 479. Turricula ecbinata, A. Ad. (= mucronata). Sowb., Thes., f. 379.. 174 Plate 52. 480. Turricula nodilirata, A. Ad. (— mucronata). Sowb., Thes., f. 385. 174 481. Turricula fusiformis, Chemn. (= mucronata). Sowb., Thes., f. 384. 174 482. Turricula Dohrnii, A. Ad. (= mucronata). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f 131 174 483. Turricula verrucosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 232 174 484. 485. Turricula fusiformis, Kiener. Iconog., t. 29, f. 97 175 486. Turricula rustica, Sowb. (== Deshayesii). Sowb., Thes., f. 143 187 487. Turricula spicata, Reeve (—fusiformis). Sowb, Thes. Conch., f. 383 175 488. Turricula turriger, Reeve (= fusiformis). Conch. Icon., f. 262.... 175 489. Turricula armiger, Reeve (= fusiformis). Conch. Icon., f. 288 175 490. Turricula purpurata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 275 175 491. Turricula clredala, Reeve (= purpurata). Conch. Icon., f. 281 175 492. Turricula cineracea, Reeve (= purpurata). Conch. Icon., f. 311.. 175 493. Turricula caelata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 265 175 494. Turricula sculptilis, Reeve (= caelata). Conch. Icon., f. 290 175 495. Turricula mica, Reeve (= caelata, var.). Conch. Icon., f. 314 175 496. Turricula inermis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 279 175 497. Turricula .rectilateris, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 404 175 498. Turricula rubella, Ad. and Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 594 170 499. Turricula scitula, A. -Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 418 176 500. Turricula intertaeniata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 154 176 501. Turricula rustica, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 329 176 502. Turricula Deshayesii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 170 176 503. Turricula Deshayesii, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 618 176 504. Turricula rigida, Reeve (= Deshayesii). Conch. Icon., f. 169 176 505. Turricula Michaudi, Cr. & Fischer (= Deshayesii). Sowb., Thes., f. 157 176 506. 507. Turricula alauda, Quoy (— Deshayesii). Sowb., Thes., f. 134, 158 I... 176 508. Turricula amanda, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 318 176 509. Turricula casta, H. Adams. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 632 177 510. 511. Turricula subulata, Lam. Sowb., Thes, Conch., f. 149, 150... 177 512. Turricula macrospira, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 146 177 513. Turricula Lincolnensis, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 18, f. 10, 1878 177 514. Turricula filistriata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 402 , 177 Plate 53. 515. Turricula catenata, Swains. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 259 178 516. Turricula lilacina, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 634 178 517. 518. Turricula marmorea, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 635, 636 178 519. Turricula Arracanensis, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 473 178 520. Turricula rorata, Gould (= Zebuensis). Moll. Wilkes' Exp., f. 354. 179 521. Turricula crebrilirata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 92 178 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 27.3 FIGURE. PAGE. 522. Turricula rosea, Kiener (= crebrilirata). Iconog., t. 23, f. 73 178 528. Turricula tenuilirata, Sowb. (= crebrilirata). Thes. Conch., f. 407. 178 524. Turricula rubricata, Reeve (== crebrilirata). Conch. Icon., f. 130. 178 525. Turricula subtruncata, Sowb. (= crebrilirata). Thes. Conch., f. 405. 178 "•L'r,. Turricula Layarcli, A. Ad. (= crebrilirata). Sowb., Thes., f. 590.. 178 527. Turricula Zebuensis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 73 179 528. Turricula Zebuensis. Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 192 179 52U. Turricula proetexta, Sowb. (= Zebuensis). Thes. Conch., f. 198... 179 5:;o. Turricula Japonica, A. Ad. (= crebrilirata). Thes Conch., f. 156. 178 531. Turricula rufomaculata, Souv, Jour, de Conch., 2ser., iv, t. 11, f. 9. 179 •"> '.!'. 533. Turricula acupicta, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 372, 548.. 179 534. Turricula puncturata. Sowb. Zool. Proc., t. 48, f. 5, 1878 179 586. Turricula obeliscus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 127 179 536. Turricula MacAndrewsi, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 421 179 ,>'.7. Turricula radix, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 552 180 Turricula longispira, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 403.. 180 5:','.i. Turricula .Ethiopica, Jickeli. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., i, t. 2, f. 9 180 540. Turricula crispa, Garrett. Specimen 180 541. Turricula exasperata, Gmel. Gould, Moll., Wilkes' Exped., f. 350. 180 542-544. Turricula exasperata, Gmel. Sowb, Thes. Conch., f. 419, 424, 425 180 Plate 54. 545, 546. Turricula arenosa, Lam. (= exasperata). Sowb., Thes., f. 322,427 180 447. Turricula asperima, Dohrn. Dunker, Novit. Conch., t. 15, f. 3 181 548. Turricula cadaverosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 160 181 549. Turricula cadaverosa, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 628 181 550. Turricula Pacifica, Reeve (= cadaverosa). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 388 181 551. Turricula mutabilis, Reeve (= cadaverosa). Conch. Icon , f. 235. 181 552. Turricula brevicaudata, Sowb. (•— cadaverosa). Thes. Conch., f. 410 181 553. Turricula Pharaonis, H. Ad. (= cadaverosa, var.). Zool. Proc., t. 3, f. 1, 1872 181 554. Turricula subquadrata, Sowb. (= cadaverosa, var.). Thes. Conch. f 485 , 181 555. Turricula spreta, A. Ad. Sowby., Thes. Conch., f. 648 182 556. Turricula roseocaudata, Hanley. Sowb., Thes., f. 655 182 557. Turricula latercula, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 651 182 558. Turricula zelotypa, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 510 182 55'.). Turricula dermestina, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 143 182 560. Turricula cavea, Reeve (= dermestina). Icon., f. 149 182 561. Turricula Adamsi, Dohrn (= dermestina). Novit. Conch., t. 15, f. 10 182 562. Turricula pulchella, Reeve (= dermestina). Conch. Icon., f. 142.. 182 563. Turricula pisolina, Lam. (= dermestina). Kiener, Iconog., f. 90.. 182 564. Turricula ansulata, Sowb. (= dermestina). Thes. Conch., f. 474... 182 565. Turricula histrio, Reeve (= dermestina). Conch. Icon., f. 144 182 o'li'i. Turricula consanguinea, Reeve (= dermestina, var.). Icon., f. 241 182 567. Turricula Tatei, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 54, f. 8, 1878 1 568. Turricula microzonias, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 185 1 569. Turricula microzonias, Lam., var. Reeve, Icon., f. 202 183 35 274 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE; 570. Turricula lota, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 239 186 571. Turricula lota, Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 310 186 573. Turricula pardalis, Kiister. Conch. Cab., t. 17, f 14 183 574. Turricula lauta, Reeve (= pardalis). Conch. Icon., f. 244 .. 183 575. Turricula leucodesma, Reeve (= pardalis) Conch. Icon., 243 183 Plate 55. 576. Turricula infausta, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 513 189 577. Turricula fortiplicata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch, iii, t. 15, f. 3 189 578. Turricula plicatula, Pease (= Emiliee, Schm ). Am. Jour. Conch. iii, t. 15, f . 4 189 579. Turricula rosea, Swains. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 300 189 580. Turricula discoloria, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 516 189 581. Turricula mediomaculata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 472 184 582. Turricula cernica (= mediomaculata), Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., t. 1, f. 9, 1874 184 583. Turricula puella, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 276 184 584. Turricula turturina, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., t. 1, f. 2, 1877 184 585. Turricula cremans, Reeve. Specimen 184 586. Turricula alveolus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 334 184 587. Turricula aperta, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 321 185 588. Turricula millecostata, Swains Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 301 185 589. Turricula luculenta, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 245 185 590. Turricula dichroa, Ad. & Rve. (= luculenta). Voy. Samarang, t. 10, f. 29 185 591. Turricula Graffei, Crosse (= luculenta). Jour, de Conch., t, 11, f. 6, 1867 185 592. Turricula nigrofasciata, Sowb. (= luculenta). Thes. Conch., f. 468. 185 593. Turricula lamzonata, Sowb. (= luculenta). Thes. Conch, f. 469.. 185 494. Turricula tricolor, Montrouz. (= luculenta). Jour, de Conch., t. 11, f. 2, 1861 185 595. Turricula crocata, Lam. Kiener, Iconog., t. 27, f. 85 187 596. Turricula crocata, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 206 187 597. Turricula concinna, Reeve (— crocata). Conch. Icon., f. 203 187 598. Turricula pyramidalis, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 390 187 599. Turricula cithara, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 248 186 600. Turricula aureolata, Swains. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 210 180 601. Turricula crocata, Auct. (== aureolata). Specimen 186 602. Turricula multicostata, Swains. (— aureolata). Reeve, Icon., f. J322 185 603. Turricula crocea, Reeve (== aureolata). Conch. Icon., f. 320 186 604. Turricula venustula, Reeve (= aureolata). Sowb., Thes., f. 501.. 186 605. Turricula flavescens, Reeve (— aureolata). Conch. Icon., f. 207... 186 606. Turricula affiois, Reeve (= aureolata). Conch. Icon., f. 211 186 607. Turricula plicatissima, Schroter. Kiister, t. 17 b, f. 11 188 608. 609. Turricula rubra, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 203, 394 188 -610. Turricula paligera, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 515 189 Plate 56. 611. Turricula amabilis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 274 189 612. Turricula Nicobarica, Frauenf. Voy. Novara, t. 1, f. 5. 190 613. Turricula ficulina, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f 141 ,.. 190 614. Turricula gausapata, Reeve (= ficulina). Conch. Icon., f. 317 190 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 275 FIGURE. PAGE. G15. Turricula forticostata, Reeve ( = ficulina). Conch. Icon., f. 238... 190 616. Turricula zebrina, d'Orb. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 481 190 617. Turricula putillus, Pease. Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 482 190 618. Turricula semen, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 256 190 619. Turricula trunculus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 319 190 620. Turricula muriculata, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 205 191 621. Turricula patriarchalis, Lam. Reeve, Conch, Icon., f. 146 b 191 622. Turricula tuberosa, Reeve (= patriarchalis). Conch Icon., f. 237 a 191 623. Turricula semitica, J ickeli. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell. i, t. 2, f. 8 194 624. Turricula fe^ta, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 303 194 625. Turricula elegantula, Kiister (= patriarchalis). Conch. Cab., t. 17, f. 7 191 626. Turricula porphyretica, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 195 191 627. Turricula Osidiris, Issel. Sowb., Thes. Conch , f, 488 191 628. Turricula umbonata, Sowb. (= Osidiris). Thes., f. 400 191 629. Turricula tumida, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 65 192 630. Turricula zebrina, d'Orb. Moll. Canaries, t. 6, f. 31 190 631. Turricula interrupta, Anton. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 15, f. 2 192 632. Turricula nodulosa, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch, iii, t. 15, f. 5 192 633. Turricula encausta, Gould. Moll., Wilkes' Exped., f. 356 192 634. Turricula speciosa, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 415 192 635. Turricula variata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 209 193 636. Turricula discors, Grand. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 17 d, f. 4 193 637. Turricula glabra, Pease (== discors). Am. Jour. Conch, iii, t. 23, f. 2 193 638. 639. Turricula nodosa, Swains. Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 269, 268.. 193 640. Turricula fraga, Kiener (— nodosa). Iconog., t. 27, f. 87 193 641. Turricula pinguis, Reeve (— nodosa). Conch. Icon., f. 304 193 642. Turricula tusa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 283 193 Plate 57. 643. Turricula pupula, Dunker. Specimen 194 644. Turricula Savignyi, Payr. (= tricolor, Gmel.). Reeve, Icon., f. 307. 194 645. Turricula^ranum, Forbes (— tricolor). Reeve, Conch., Icon., f. 261 .- 194 646. Turricula littoralis, Forbes (= tricolor). Reeve, Icon., f. 296 194 647. Turricula clandestina, Forbes (= Columbellaria). Sowb., Thes., f. 6, 641 195 648. Turricula suavis, Sowerb. Jour, de Conch., t. 13, f. 2, 1875 195 649. Turricula pusilla, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 644 195 650. Turricula remula, Smith Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 52, 1879. 196 651. Turricula pallida, Issel (= tricolor). Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa, xi, 419 194 652. Turricula Columbellaria, Scacchi. Kuster, Conch. Cat., t. 17 e, f. 19. 195 653. Turricula Greci, Phil. (= Columbellaria). Moll Sicil., ii, t. 27, f. 18 195 654. Turricula Hanleyi, Dohrn. Novit. Conch., t. 15, f. 7 195 655. . Turricula corallina, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 330 a 195 656. Turricula articulata, Reeve. Iconica, f. 302 196 657. Cylindra nux, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 348 198 658. Cylindra dactylus, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f 346 197 659. Cylindra nucea, Gronov. Sowb , Thes., f. 360 196 660. Cylindra ornata, Sch. & Wag. Kuster, Conch. Cat., t. 9, f. 12 197 2Y6 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 6G1. Cylindra Potensis, Montr. (= dactylus). Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., iv, t. 2, f . 2 197 662, 663. Cylindra crenulata, Gmel. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 354, 355.. 197 664. Cylindra undulosa, Reeve (= crenulata). Conch. Icon., f. 102.... 197 665. Cylindra radula, Sowb. (= crenulata). Thes. Conch., f. 358 197 666. Cylindra arctata, Sowb. (= crenulata). Thes. Conch., f. 317 197 667. Cylindra glans, Reeve (= fenestrata). Sowb., Thes., f. 352 198 668. Cylindra Sinensis, Reeve. Conch Icon., f. 190 b 198 669. Cylindra punctata, Swains. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 168 198 670. Cylindra lima, Sowb. (= Sinensis). Thes. Conch., f. 353 198 671. Cylindra fenestrata, Lam. Sowb/, Thes., f. 363 198 Plate 58. 672. Imbricaria conus, Reeve (— conulus Lava). Icon., f. 83 199 673. Imbricaria marmorata, Swn., (— conica Schum). Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 45 bis, f. 1 199 674. Imbricaria Crouani, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., t. 9, f. 6, 1868 199 675. Imbricaria citrina, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 367 199 676. Imbricaria carbonacea, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, t. 11, f. 10 199 677. Imbricaria Rollandi, Bern. (==? carbouacea). Jour, de Conch., iv, t. 1, f. 7 199 678. Imbricaria lineata, Swains. Zool. Illust., 1st ser., i 200 679. Imbricaria ossea, Reeve (= punctata, Swn.). Icon , f. 219 200 680. Imbricaria truncate, Kiener (?= punctata). Iconog., t. 30, f. 101. 200 681. Imbricaria conovula, Quoy (= punctata). Voy. Astrol., t. 45 bis, f. 19 200 682. Imbricaria Beburghias, Sowb. (— Vanikorensis). Zool. Proc., t. 48, f. 12, 1878 200 683. Imbricaria virgo, Swainson. Sowb., Thes. Conch,, f. 313 200 684. Imbricaria Vanikorensis, Quoy. Reeve, Icon., f. 220 200 685. Mitra picea, Pease Specimen 150 686. Mitra vibex, A. Ad. (= cruentata, var.). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 599 173 687. Mitra coronata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 217 148 688. Mitra gemmata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 649 » 150 689. Mitra tuberosa, Reeve- (= patriarchalis). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 267 191 690. Mitra granata, Reeve (=pellis-serpentis). Conch. Icon., f. 271... 151 691. Mitra modesta, Reeve. Sowb., Thes Conch., f. 539 170 692. Mitra bacillum, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 312 141 693. Mitra fidicula, Gould. Moll. Wilkes1 Exped., f. 353 175 PROSOBRANCHIATA. PLATE 2. £^^ PROSOBRANCHIATA. PLATE 3. 36. 40. PROSOBRANCHIATA. PLATE 4. 44. c NAS8IDJE PLATK 5. 74. 73. I NASS1D.E 1'LATK 6. 95. 06. 97. 98. NASSIIUO J'LATK 7. ' NASSIDJ3 PLATK 8. NASSIDJ3 PLATE 9. 60 83 PLATK 10. 115 116 I If H8 119 L ATT: 11 150 NASSID^E PLATE 12. NASSIDJ3 PLATK 13 196 197 198 199 200 201 208 209 210 211 212 213 NASSIDJ5 PLATK 14. 245 NASSIDvE PLATK 15. 246 247 248 249 250 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 NASSIDJB I'LATK 16. 806 307 309 310 • NASSTILE PLATK 17. NASSHXfi I'LATE 18. 370 TUUBINELLIP.E. 1'LATK 19. TURBIXELLID.E PLATB 20. TfTilBINELLIDJS. PLATK 21. 28 Nil VOLUTID.K PLATE 22. A*; AaLtf 0$' VOLUTID.E. 1'LATK 23, 26. 27. VOLUTIDJK. i'LATK 24. VOLUTIDJ-: PL ATI; 25. VOLUTID.K. PLATE 26 71. VOLUTID.E. PLATE 27. fl-6 '• VOLUTID.K. PLATK 28, 106 VOLUTID.K. 1'LATK 29. TOLUTID.E. PLATE 30. PLATK 31. U M1TRID.E. PLATE 32. .MITKID-K. PI, ATK 33. I MITRID^B. I'LATK 34. it* MITRID,E. I'LATK 35. 61 MITRIDJS. 1'LATK 36. ,-.v Kttl MITRIDJB. 1M.ATK 37, 120 1-21 M1TRID.E. PLATE 38. 136 139 MITRIDJS. PLATK 39. 163 fii PLATK 40. MITRID^E. PLATE 41. 216 21; M1TRID.E. PL ATI'] 42 246 'MITKID.E. PLATK 43. 248 2.. 4 260 MITRID.E. PLATK 44. 21)4 295 296 MITRIDJ^. PLATE 45. 327 328 329 M1TRID.E. JMiATK 46. 347 355 N1VEKS1TYJ MITRIP.E. J'LATK 47. 372 478 379 380 381 MITRULE. I'LATK 48. 395 394 UNIVERSITY MITRID.E. PL ATK 49. 414 419 MITIUD.K. PLATE 50. M1TIUD.E. 1'LATK 51, 478 470 MITRID^E. I' LATH 52. 508 509 510 MITRIDJC. PLATE 53. MIT RUM-]. PLATE 54. MITIUIXE. I'LATH 55. 602 603 001) 607 60S coo olO MITRIIK-E. PLATE 56. 641 6 12 MITRID^E. 1'LATK 57. 665 MITRID.E. PLATE 58. 691 •HI.'} C92 2 5 3» 1 U. C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES 3toi uu v^X