BERKELEY INIV, CAi \ I j OF IA / REESE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA so. The few recent species comprised in this group, were approx- imated to Cypraea, Valuta, Columbella and Marginella by ancient authors ; and in proposing their new genus Eratopsis, Messrs. Hoernes and Auinger remark upon the close resemblance of its species to the Trivia, or more properly Pustularia group of Cypraeidae. The only animal of the genus that has been figured is that of the European species E. laevis (PL 4, fig. 40) ; * Fischer, Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., xviii, 113 ; Watson, Ibid., 312. • f I figure the dentition of Erato callosa, Ad. and Reeve, the only species which has been examined. It is entirely unlike the normal type of Marginella, and approximates closely to that of Cyprwa. A form of Marginella glabella has, however, been recently discovered to possess lateral teeth (ante p. G . Troschel has made serious mistakes in the identi- fication of species of which he gives the dentition, and it is possible that this is another. It will, [ think, be necessary to have more evidence before allowing the position* of Erato to be determined by the dentition. Con- chologically it is certainly closely allied to Trivia in the Cypneidse 3 ERATO. it is very like Ct/prtra. in external appearance, even to the tila- mentous processes of the mantle-lobes, and it is evident that the growth of these processes has caused an inequality in the applied surface of the lobes, sometimes forming pustules on the shell in Eratopnis, in precisely the same manner as in the Pustularia group of Cypraea. Reeve remarks in the introduction of the " Monograph of Erato " (Conchologia Iconica), that in Erato, unlike Marginella, the columella is not plaited from an early stage of growth, but that the denticulations are added at maturity ; in other words, the}^ are denticulations and not true plaits. If this were so, it would be another character in common with Cypraea, but my observation leads me to the conclusion that it is not entirely true. I find the plaits on the columella in young specimens of several species, but in addition, there is developed on the inner lip, in the adults only, a series of dentic- ulations like Cypr&a, and at the same period changes sometimes occur in the appearance of the plaits caused by the deposition of calcareous matter upon and between them, so that these come to resemble the denticulations situated above them. Undoubtedly Erato, through Eratojisis, conchologically connects Marginella with the Trivia group of Cypraea ; the balance of characters seems to indicate a rather closer relationship, on the whole, with Marginella • but if future investigations shall show that the species of Erato really possess the dentition assigned to the group, then it would perhaps be better to remove it to the Triviinae. Erato occurs fossilized in the miocene and pliocene deposits of Europe and America, and a single species has been reported from the eocene of Texas : species have been recently charac- terized from the eocene and miocene of South Australia and Tasmania. Tijpirnl or Smooth /S/wr/Vx. K. L. \CUKVMA, Gray. PI. 4. figs. :}-2, :\-. Whitish, the lip faintly roseate, usually obscurely three-banded with rose-color. Length, 5 mill. Jnpftn (Dr. Siebold,;. AnttroUn (Gray). E. ntilci.fr.ra, Reeve, non Gray (fig. 37), may be synonymous. ERATO. 9 E. GUTTULA, Sowb. PI. 4, figs. 33, 34. Rosy white or ash-color, obscurely fasciate ; narrower and more pyriform than E. lachryma. Length, 5 mill. Mauritius. Dr. Weinkauff considers this a Marginella. E. SANDWICENSIS, Pease. PL 4, fig. 35. Pale rosy white, two-banded ; narrower and thinner than E. yuttula, the bands distinct, the lip narrower and not so elevated. Length, 4 mill. Sandwich Isles. E. PELLUCIDA, Reeve. PI. 4, fig. 36. Pyriformly globose, transparent white, shining ; whorls slop- ingly angled round the upper part ; aperture narrow, lip swollen, varicose. Length, 3 mill. Bombay, Is probably a young shell, and may = E. Sandwicemis. E. CALLOSA, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 4, figs. 38, 39; PI. 2, fig. T. Yellowish or rosy white ; whorls swollen around the upper part ; aperture-margin thick, running up the spire. Length, T mill. China Sea ; Japan (Lischke). E. L^EVIS, Donovan. PI. 4, figs. 40, 41. Whitish, or tinged with yellow or roseate ; more angular and not so thick as E. callosa, and the outer lip is not so elevated or angular above. Length, 8 mill. Great Britain, sandy ground from 12 to 85 fathoms. Mediterranean, on coral and madrepore, 8 to 55 fms. Plentiful in the European tertiaries. Jeffre}^ cites a var. oblonga, pure white, more elongated, and compressed in front. The animal, says this author, is very lively and active, a great beauty, and b}^ no means bashful. When on the march it carries the branchial tube in an upturned position. One pair, having crawled out of the water in a glass jar, coupled for seven or eight hours. E. MAUGERI^E, Gray. PL 4, figs. 42, 43. Gray or livid, polished; smaller, wider and more angular above than E. Iferitt. Length, 5-6 mill. West Indies ; foss 1 in the tertiary of England. 10 ERA TO. /•,'. ( 'i/jtraeoides, C. B. Adams, an unfignred species, is prob- ably identical. E. ANGISTOMA, Sowb. PL 4, fig. 44. Swollen, smooth, brownish white. Length, 4 mill. East Indies (Reeve); Philippines (Cuming). The posterior elevation of the outer lip forming an angle at its extremity nearly as high as the spire, is a distinguishing feature of this little species. E. MINUTA, Reeve. PI. 4, fig. 45. Subglobose, transparent, glassy, white. Length, 1*5 mill. Philippine*. Dr. Weinkauff thinks it may be the young of the preceding species. E. GALLINACEA, Hinds. PL 4, fig. 46. Pyriform, callous and angulated posteriori}', produced and beaked anteriorly ; lip stoutly swollen, conspicuously produced and sinuate at its posterior extremity ; white or brownish yellow, sometimes with a superior, irregular band. Length, 6 mill. Philippines ; New Guinea; Torres Sts., Australia. Named from its fancied resemblance to a trussed hen. E. ANGULIFERA, Sowb. PL 4, fig. 47. Shorter, wider, more obtuse than E. yallinacea ; mouth straight and linear, outer lip very broad and thick, its posterior elevation less pointed than in gallinacea. Length, 2 mill. Borneo. E. COLUMBELLA, Menke. PL 4, fig. 48. Broadly pyriform, lip elevated behind above the spire ; yel- lowish red or roseate. Length, 7 "5 mill. Mazatlan to Santa Barbara, Cal. E. marginata, Morch, found at 100 fathoms at Bocorones I., near Panama, is probably a synonym ; and I suppose that the shell described by Carpenter as E. Mauyerise var. Panamensis is its exact equivalent. Neither of these species has been figured. E. VITELLINA, Hinds. PL 4, fig. 49. Obesely ovate, aperture rather wide ; dark red, lighter on the thickened lip-margin. Length, 12 mill. Acapulco to Southern California. The largest species of the genus. ERATOPSIS. 1 1 Fubgduis Eratopsis, Ha>rnes and Auingcr. This group, founded for fossils of the Austrian tertiary, will include several recent species. The first and largest species which I refer to it, is also the most doubtful one, for of the- many specimens of E. scabriuscula before me, nearly all are smooth and polished, without a trace of a sulcus ; yet others correspond with the figured examples in the various monographs in having it. E. SCABRIUSCULA, Gray. PL 4, fig. 56. Oval, -rather narrow, with elevated spire; ash-pink; surface smooth and polished, or minutely granulate, with or without an obscure dorsal sulcus. Length, 10 mill. W. Coast Central America to Mazatlan. E. SULCIFERA, Gray. PI. 4, fig. 51. An obscure species, strikingly like the preceding, and said by Gray to come from Cape of Good Hope. Reeve has figured for it a specimen of E. lachryma, Gray, and gives Philippines as locality, whilst the figure in Sowerby's Thesaurus represents an entirely different form, said to occur at Panama. E. CORRUGATA, Hinds. PL 4, fig. 52. Minute, white, very finely granulated, sulcus distinct. Length, 4 mill. Philippines, 8 fathoms, sandy mud (Cuming) ; Port Jackson, Australia (AngasV E. NANA, Duclos. PL 4, fig. 53. . Like E. corrugata, but narrower, with finer granulations. Length, 4 mill. Red Sea (McAndrew) ; Paumotus (Pease). E. SCHMELTZIANA, Crosse. PL 4, figs. 54, 55. Narrower than E. nana; tinged with ash or rose, base of aperture red-tipped. Length, 3*5 mill. Viti Islands. Undetermined and Spurious Species. E. VENTRICOSA, Gray. Not figured nor recognized. E. PELLUCIDA, Tenison-Woods. = Marginella. Reeve has preoccupied the specific name in Erato. 12 MARGINELLA. E. BIMACULATA, Tnte. South Australia. Pale primrose-yellow to yellowish white, with rufous-red around the extremity of the anterior canal and on the callous border of the hinder part of the aperture. Closely resembles E. angulifera, Reeve; but differs in color and in having a less angular and inflated body-whorl. Unfigured. E. LACTEA, Hutton (= Marginella formicula, Lam.). New Zealand. E. PRAYENSIS, Rochbrune. Cape Verd Islands. Shell triangular, narrow in front, very thick, with obtuse spire ; aperture narrow ; lip reflected, very finely denticulated ; col- umella straight, sinuous in front ; color greenish. Length, 5 mill. The figure of this species arrived too late for insertion in my plates. (r nuf MARGINELLA, Lamarck. The Marginellas are tropical and subtropical in distribution, a large proportion of the species inhabiting the Caribbean, West African and Indo-Pacific provinces. A species occurs doubt- fully in the cretaceous ; but in the eocene formation the genus is well represented, and from that and subsequent formations at least seventy-five fossil species have been characterized ; from the United States, Europe and Australia. A number of monographs and catalogues of the species have been published in recent times ; the most important are : — KIENER. Coquilles vivantes, 1834. A monograph including 56 species, with colored figures. SOWERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, i, 1846. Contains descrip- tions and figures of 108 species. 9 PETIT DE LA SAUSSAYE. Journal de Conchyliologie, ii, 1851. A list of 146 species, systematically arranged. H. AND A. ADAMS. Genera of Recent Mollusca, i, 190, 1853. The species are divided among a number of subgenera, under which they are alphabetically enumerated, numbering 159. REEVE. Conchologia Iconica, xv, 1865. Descriptions and figures of 159 species. MARGINELLA. 13 JOHN H. REDFIELD. Catalogue and synonymy of Marginellidae. American Journal of Conchology, vi, 1870. The species are alphabetically arranged, with the synonymy and bibliography fully indicated. 211 valid species are enumerated. This may be considered the first catalogue constructed from the modern scientific standpoint. It is prepared with evident care and thoroughness, and is the result of many years' study of these interesting shells. The two monographies which have since appeared, were both written in ignorance of Mr. Redfield's labors ; a circumstance which has greatly impaired their value, besides causing some additional synonyms. JOUSSEATJME. Monograph ; in Guerin's Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1875. 269 species are shortly characterized and arranged under subgenera. There are no illustrations, except of new species. H. C. WEINKAUFF. In the Systematisches Conchilien-Cabinet of Kiister, 1878. 229 species are described and carefully figured ; many of the species described as new by Dr. Jous- seaume being relegated to the synonymy. The present monograph admits as valid 230 recent species, some of which, however, being unfigured, cannot be satisfactorily determined. So far as localities are known, they have the fol- lowing distribution : Caribbean, 60 species; Mediterranean, 5 ; West African, 45 South African, 11; Indo-Pacific, 38; Australo-Zealandic, 34; Polynesian, 10; California!! and Panamic, 14. Systematists commenced at an early date to divide up the Marginellas into genera and subgenera. Lamarck, in 1801, established Volvaria for a fossil species of cylindrical form, with sharp outer lip ; -subsequently, he included recent species of similar form, but in which the outer lip is slightly thickened. For these, Schumacher, in 1817, proposed Hyalina. Finally H. and A. Adams adopt Volvaria as a generic term, including one recent species, V.pallida, and for the cylindrical Marginellas with thickened lip they use the subgeneric name Volvarina, Hinds. Besides Hyalina, Schumacher separated under the name of 14 MARCH NELL A. Persicula, those volutiform species having a depressed or sunken spire. Swainson, in 1840, founded a classification upon slight differ- ences in the form of the species ; extremely unsatisfactory because the change of form in the series is gradual. His genera are Volutella, Perxicula, Gibber ula and Glabella. In 1844, Hinds divided the species into two groups : Phseno- spira, with elevated spire; Cryptospira, with hidden spire. The first corresponds with Marginella as restricted by Schumacher, the second with that author's Persicula. H. and A. Adams, however, have adopted Cryptospira as a subgenus of Marginella, with nearly obsolete spire, and last whorl gibbous posteriorly ; following it, they place the genus Persicula, with depressed spire. Petit, in 1851, divided Marginella into three sections : 1 . With spire more or less elevated. 2. With spire depressed or hidden, sometimes umbilicated. 3. Columbelliform species, connecting with the genus Erato. Gray, in 1857, admitted three genera: 1. Porcellana (= Mar- ginella) \ 2. Closia, for M. sarda, and not differing essentially from 3, Persicula. Messrs. H. and A. Adams, in their " Genera of Recent Mol- lusca," admit three genera : Marginella, with the subgenera Glabella, Prunum, Volutella, and Cryptospira. Persicula, with the subgenus Gibberula. Volvaria, with the subgenus Volvarina. J. H. Redfield, in 1810, writes: — "As to the numerous subgenera which have been proposed for species of this genus, they seem to me to be neither useful nor well grounded. In a series of two or three hundred species it is easy to select a few salient forms for subgeneric t}^pes, but much less easy to allot all the intermediate species to their proper places under such types. All the proposed subgenera are founded on the greater or less prominence of the spire, and on the degree of the thickening or reflection of the outer lip. A very slight difference of the plane of development is aty that is involved in the former character, and.all students of the great family Helicidse under- stand well how little generic value attaches to either character. MARGINELLA. 15 An evidence of the invalidity of these distinctions is furnished in the inconsistencies of the catalogues in which they have been employed. The lingual dentition, when fully studied in a sufficient number of species, may yet guide us to proper groups ; but even of this I am less hopeful than formerly." Mr. Redfield adopts Volvaria, Lamarck ; but for fossil species only. Jousseaume, in 1875, made thirteen generic divisions of the Lamarckian genus, viz. : Marginella<, Egouvna, Volvarina , tierrata, Cryptospira, Gibberula, Granula, Bullata-, Closia, Persicula, Volvaria, Balanetta, Canalispira. Weinkauff, in 1878, found that the distribution of species into the above groups as made by Jousseaume was very unfortunate. In his own monograph he has not attempted any grouping according to the relationships of the species, but has presented them almost at haphazard ; nevertheless in an Appendix he also proposes a classification. He thinks that the presence of a basal sinus in the aperture-margin, in many of the species, affords a good character, and accordingly presents the following scheme : Division I. Species with basal sinus. ISection 1. True Marginellas. Group a. (Marginella. H, & A Ad.). M. glabella, Linn. " b. (Glabella, H. & A. Ad.). M. faba, L. M. muscaria, Lam. c. (Eratoidea, Weiuk. == Marginella and Egojiena, Jouss. parti m). «. With crenated lip. M. margarita, Kiener. . R With smooth lip. M. australis, Hinds. v (= Serrala, Jouss. ex parte). M. serrata, Gask. Section 2. (Persicula, Gray). Group a. (SuUatapa,Ttim, Jouss.). M. cornea, Lam., M. clandestina, Brocc., M. ovulum, Sowb. " b. (Persicula, Auct.). M. persicula, L. M. interrupta, Lam., M- chrysomelina, Redf. " C- (Gibberula}. M. miliaria, Linn. R (Granula, Jouss.). M. mitmta, Pfr. Section 3. Species with more or less apparent basal sinus, connecting the first and second divisions. Group a. (Closia, Gray). M. Largillierli, Kiener. M. sarda, Kr. b. (Cryptospira, Adams, Jouss. ex parte). M. quinqueplicata, Lam. M. eleyans, Gmel. « c, (Volutella, H. and A. Adams, Bullyta partim, Jouss.). M. buttata, Born, M. dactylus, Lam. 1<> MAR.QINELLA. Dicision II. Species without basal sinus. Section 1. (Prunum, Adams, Egouena, Jouss. for most part). Group a. (Labiatce). M. labiata, Kiener, M. oblonga, Swn. " b. (GuttatcB). M. guttata, Dillw. M. apicina, Mke. " c. (Marginatce). M. marginata, Born, M. prunum, Gmel. Section 2. Group a. ( Volvaria, H. and A. Ad.). M. pallida, Linn. " b. (Cdnalispira, Jouss. '. M. Olivellaformis, Jouss. Sections. ( Volvarina, H. and A. Ad., and Ballanetta, Jouss.). M. triticea, Lam., M. zonata, Kiener, M. cylindrical, tSowb. Weinkauff,in 1880, published an excellent synonymic catalogue of tbe genus, in the Jahrbiicher der Deutsch. Mai. Gesell. ; arranged as above. In addition to the names enumerated above, Mr. T. A. Conrad has proposed three fossil groups, neither of which he has char- acterized. Porcellanella. Type P. bella. Miocene. The species was not described until 1868, six years after the name was cited in connection with Porcellanella, and then it was placed under Prunum, so that Conrad abandoned this group. Micrjospira, Conrad. Proposed as a subgenus of Voluh'1/.a, Swainson, the type being M. aviformis, a miocene species, pre- senting no generic characters to distinguish it from numerous recent Marginellas. (M. ow/brraix, Conrad. Manual, vol. iv, t. 3, f. 42.) BulliopsiS) Conrad. Type, B. cretacea, Conr. (PI. 3, fig. 29). The only objection to Weinkauff 's arrangement of the species is that the basal sinus is more or less apparent in the species, so that they form no sharply defined groups : on the other hand he has the advantage over Jousseaume, Adams, etc., in clearly recognizing their artificial nature and subordinate value, by using the terms division, section and group instead of genus and sub- genus. The. number of species in the genus is so large that it is convenient to group them as nearly as possible in accordance with characters which appear to be common to several of the forms, and for this purpose I shall use some of the systematic term- heretofore proposed,, assigning to them no value, however, except that of mere convenience. MARGINKhLA. 1.7 Typical Group of M. glabella. M. GLABELLA, Linn. PI. 5, figs. 57, 58. Polished, reddish or reddish brown, darker at the suture, with irregular flecks of opaque white ; lip yellowish brown. Length, 1-5—2 inches. West Coast of Africa ; Canary Islands. Fossil in the upper tertiary of Italy. One of the most beau- tiful species of Marginella ; occasionally the shell occurs reversed. With this species are to be united Pseudomarginella platypus and leptopus, Carriere (ante p. 6). M. POUCHETI, Petit. PI. 5, fig. 59. Color varying from that of M. glabella to chestnut-brown, without the white flecks ; as in that species, there are obscure indications of two bands of darker color. Length, 1 inch. Senegal. Possibly only a variety of M. glabella. M. IRRORATA, Menke. PL 5, fig. 60. Pink or yellowish, closely marked by zig-zag lines of minute white spots. Length, '75-1 inch. West Africa. This also is possibly only a variety of M. glabella, but is smaller, less ventricose, the spire more drawn out, the spots much more numerous and closer, almost forming lines of zig-zag longitudinal direction. M. LABIATA, Val. PL 5, tig. 61. Rosy white, sometimes very faintly banded ; lip-margin ex- teriorly orange. Length, 1-1-2 inches. Campeachy, Yucatan, Brazil. M. PYRULATA, Redfield. PL 5, fig. 69. Like M. labiata, but more elongated, spire more produced. Length, I'l inches. Habitat unknown. Described by Sowerby as M. obesa, a name preoccupied by Redfield, who changed it as above. The species has not been identified with any living Marginella, since it was described, and I agree with Mr. Redfield that it is possibly a fossil form. IX MARUINKLLA. M. GOODALLLI, Sowb. PI. 5, fig. <>:>. Very ventricose, obtusely angulated behind ; yellowish brown. with a few large, rounded, whitish spots. Length, 1 inch. Senegal. M. AURANTTA, Lam. PI. 5, fig. 63. Orange-red, darker at the sutures, where it is painted with short white streaks ; surface irregularly mottled with white, often forming an interrupted band of very irregular large white spots in the middle. Length, -8-'9 inch. W. Africa, and Cape Verd Is. Narrower than M. irrorata, yet in one specimen before me the zig-zag painting of that species is partially repeated. M. PYRUM, Ginelin. PL 5, figs. 70, 71. Body-whorl with an obtuse shoulder; white, irregularly marked with gray or pink blotches, which are longitudinally shaded on one side by chestnut or chocolate color ; outer margin of lip marked by a series of brown dots. Length, 1 '25-1 '5 inches. Senegal. M. intermedia, Sowb. (fig. 71), is probably a white or bleached specimen of this species ; it is probably Kiener's var. alba of nnbccul-ata — the name by which Lamarck designated M.pyrum. M. MOSAICA, Sowb. PI. 5, fig. 72. Shell white, with faint zig-zag longitudinal stripes of gray, over which are about nine revolving series of short square spots. Length, 1 inch. West Africa. Very closely allied to M. pyrum, and may be only a variety of it, differing in the spots added to the painting of that species. M. ROSEA, Lam. Pit 5, figs. 73, 74, 75. Smaller than J/. pi/rum, the shoulder obscure ; sometimes similarly painted, but the spots and shading smaller and more numerous; occasionally the ground color is grayish pink, upon which the spots are white, with chocolate shndings ; spire and shoulder frequently darker in color; lip-margin marked outside with a series of brown spots. Length, -9-1 '1 inches. Cape of Good Hope. A critical species ; perhaps only a small var. of the preceding. I am unable to to separate M. piperata. Hinds (fig. 74), from it. GLABELLA. )RJ^ M. albocincta, Sowb. (fig. 15), described from a single specimen in the Taylor collection, is also a synonym. Reeve says of it : "I have no good opinion of this species. It appears to be a variety of M. piper ata, in which a white band is formed by an accidental absence of coloring matter." Another synonym is probably the unfigured M. lineato-labrum, Gaskoin. M. FDLMINATA, Kiener. PI. 5, fig. 78. Whitish, with brown, zig-zag longitudinal painting. Length, '75 inch. Bahia, Brazil. I have not seen a specimen of this species. M. PETITIT, Duval. PI. 5, figs. 76, 77. White, longitudinally blotched and reticulated with orange- red or lilac, and numerously speckled with minute brown dots; body-whorl very obscurely shouldered. Length, 1-1'25 inches. Senegal ; Cape of Good Hope. M. Newcombii, Reeve (fig. 77), appears to be synonymous ; it is said on Cuming's authority to come from L'Agulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope. M. HELMATINA, Rang. PI. 5, tigs. 79, 80. White, very minutely, irregularly speckled with light reddish brown, with two narrow bands of chestnut spots. Length, '7-1 *4 inches. West Africa. Narrower and less shouldered than the preceding species. M. Gumingiana, Petit (fig. 80), is merely a larger, finer shell of similar form and painting. Section Glabella, Swainson. Yolutiform ; spire more or less conic, well developed, usually longitudinally plaited aboilt the shoulder of the body-whorl ; pillar with distinct basal plaits ; lip thick, toothed or crenate, rarely smooth within. M. BIFASCIATA, Lam. PI. 6, figs. 81, 82. White, more or less clouded with light brown or purple-gray, covered with small, close dflts, usually in revolving series. Length, -9-1-25 inches. Gape Blanco to Gambia, W. Africa. 20 GLABELLA. The light-colored varieties (fig. 82) have been called M. are- naria by Morch. M. OBTUSA, Sowb. PL 6, figs. 83, 84. Shell wide, with short conical spire ; nearly the entire surface covered with longitudinal obtuse ribs ; white with revolving series of light chestnut spots and broader bands of the same color upon the shoulder and near the anterior extremity ; lip thickly spotted. Length, '75— 1 '3 inches. Habitat unknown, probably W. Africa. The long ribs, rather a peculiar feature in the genus, are not shown in Sowerby's figure, although indicated in his description. M. mirabilis, Barclay (fig. 84), is a finely grown specimen. M. ADANSONI, Kiener. PI. 6, figs. 85, 86. Light yellowish or orange-brown, with zig-zag longitudinal shadings, and irregular longitudinal narrow dark brown lines. Length, '9-1/25 inches. Senegal and Gambia, West Africa. M. Bellii, Sowb. (fig. 86), described from a single specimen, and remaining unique, is probably a dwarfed individual of this species. M. DAVISIANA, Marrat. Shell like M. Bellii, Sowb., but much smaller, thicker, narrower, and lighter-colored , longitudinal lines distant ; lip crenulated within, thickened, without, columella four-plicate. West Africa. Unfigured. M. NODATA, Hinds. PI. 6, fig. 87. Yellowish brown or grayish, with undulated, thin, dark choco- late longitudinal stripes, studded at intervals by spots forming revolving series. No ribs. Length, 1 inch. Cape Blanco, W. Africa; in sand at 12-15 fathoms. Closely allied to the following species and only distinguished from it by the spots. M. CLERYI, Petit. PL 6, fig. 88. Shell smooth ; light yellowish or white, with faint gray bands, and longitudinal, undulated chocolate stripes. Length, *9 inch. West Africa. GLABELLA. 2 1 M. LIMBATA, Lam. PL 6, fig. 89. Pale fawn-color, with undulating longitudinal pink lines ; not ribbed ; outer margin of lip marked by groups of transverse chocolate-colored spots. Length, '9-1*1 inches. W. Africa. Crosse describes a variety with more numerous pink lines, and another in which they are less numerous and more zig-zag in direction. M. LITURATA, Menke. An unfigured species, less ovate than M. limbata, with the angulated longitudinal lines broken up into spots. Length, '75 inch. Australia. M. ORNATA, Redfield. PL 6, fig. 90. Smooth ; rose or gray, with lighter bands, upon which are chocolate lines and spots ; outer margin of lip also spotted. W. Africa. Described by Reeve as M. rittata, a name preoccupied by Edwards for a fossil species, Redfield changed the name in 1870 for M. ornata ; subsequently Jousseaume, ignorant of Redfield 's catalogue, called it M. serpentina. M. FAB A, Linn. PL 6, fig. 91. Shell grayish buff, with seven to nine revolving series of distant chestnut or chocolate spots ; shoulder ribbed. Length, '8-1 '1 inches, Senegambia. M. Isevilabris, Jousseaumfe (unfigured), is probably synony- mous with this species. M. PSEUDOFABA, Sowb. PL (), fig. 92. Larger, with more angulated shoulder and more prominent costse than M. faba, which it resembles in coloring ; it has a turriculated spire, and is narrow in front, resembling a Strombus in shape. Length, 1*5 inches. Gambia, West Africa. M. SPLENDENS, Reeve. PL 6, fig. 93. Closely longitudinally ridged ; light yellowish brown, with three revolving series of curved chestnut spots, and numerous minute dots. Length. *8-*9 inch. West Africa. 22 GLABELLA. Petit changed the name of this species to M. Reeveana, because splendens had been previously used by Grateloup for a fossil species ; but as that shell proved to be synonymous with M. eburnea, Lam., a still earlier name, I restore splendens. M. GUJLLAINI, Petit. PI. 6, fig. 94. Longitudinally plicate ; light violaceous, with revolving series of square brown spots. Length, 18 mill. Abd-el Goury, near Red Sea. M. MUSICA, Hinds. PL 6, fig. 95. Yellowish or light gray, with a few narrow revolving brown bands, between which are undulated grayish markings. Length, '75 inch. Cape Blanco, W. Africa; 12 to 15 fathoms. M. Tyermani, Marrat, an unfigured species, appears from the description to be closely allied to, if not identical with M. muxica. M. DIADOCHUS, Ad. and Reeve. PL 6, figs, 96, 97. Pale ash-color, tinged with orange, with black revolving lines. Length, 1 inch. Straits of Sunda (Ad. and Reeve) ; W. Africa (Marrat). Spire more elevated than in M. musica. M. BELCHERI, Hinds. PL 6, tigs. 98, 99. Yellowish brown, delicately penciled throughout, but espec- ially in the middle, with longitudinal brown markings, forming revolving bands. Length, '8 inch. Cape Blanco,- W. Africa ; 12 to 15 fathoms. The spire is more elevated than in M. musica, and the pattern of painting is different ; yet the two are very closely allied. M. VEXILLUM, Redfield. PL 6, fig. 100. Yellowish, with broad and narrow purple-chestnut revolving bands ; lip-margin spotted with chestnut. Length, -75 inch. Cape Palmas, W. Africa. M. HARP^FORMIS, Beck. PL 6, fig 1. Fulvous white, sometimes faintly banded with ash, with rows of minute brown dots, and occasionally interrupted superior and inferior brown bands. Length. *7-'-8 inch. .. .. • Senegal, W. Africa. GLARELLA. '2X M. FORMICULA, Lam. PI. 6, figs. 2, 3. Yellowish white, tops of ribs and lip-margin ivory-white. Length, '5-'6 inch. So. Australia, Tasmania. M. muscaria, Lam. (fig. 3), is somewhat larger, the lip thicker, the inner lip callous and the spire and back of the shell also callously thickened, so that the ribs become obsolete or hidden, but the series before me affords indubitable evidence that it is merely a heavy, older state of M. formicula. Erato lactea, Hutton, is identical. • M. TURBINATA, Sowb. PL 7, figs. 4, 5. Yellowish white, slightty plicate on the shoulder of the bod}r- whorl, plicae sometimes obsolete. Length, '35-'4 inch. Port Jackson, Australia. M. Volutiformis, Reeve (fig. 5 , is a smooth variation of this species, apparently. M. CYPRyEoiDES, Tenison-Woods. White, smooth, spire hidden by the produced and thickened outer lip. Length, 6 mill. Tasmania. Smaller than M. Volutiformis, and destitute of plaits on the shoulder. Unfigured. I have not seen this species, and there- fore cannot place it with confidence. The name was used long since by Anton for a shell which has never been identified. M. TASMANICA, Tenison-Woods. PL 7, fig. 6. Translucent, milk-white, suture callous. Length, 9-10 mill. Tasmania. Is longer and narrower than M. tits binata, witji a much more elevated spire, and no trace of ribs. M. OPALINA, Stearns. PL 7, fig. 7. Smooth, polished, light or dark amber-colored, sometimes obscurely darker banded ; lip-margin internally crenated, strongly notched above. Length, 3 '5-4 mill. Tampa Bay, Florida. Found on the under side of bunches of oyster-shells, near low-water mark. 24 ULABKLLA. M. AUREOCINCTA, Stearns. PI. 7, fig. 8. Smooth, sutures enameled, spire acutely elevated; white, with two amber-colored bands. Length, '16 inch. Long Key, W. Coast of Florida. Figured from the unique specimen kindly loaned to me by Mr. Stearns. M. DEFORMIS, Nevill. PL 7, fig. 9. White, with two spiral chestnut bands. Length, 4-5 mill. Ceylon. Resembles M. picturata, Nevill, from Mauritius in form, but differs in coloring. M. NEVILLI, Jousseanme. PL 7, figs. 15, 16. White, smooth, shining. Length, 4 mill. Is. of Bourbon ; Mauritius. The name adopted is substituted by Jousseaume for M. incon- spicua, Nevill, not Sowerby. I add M. Lantzi, Jousseaume (fig. 16), which appears to be a younger state of the same species. The form is so nearly like that of M. picturata, Nevill (fig. 17), from Mauritius also, that I think it probable it will prove to be an unpainted state' of that species. M. FUSIFORMIS, Hinds. PL 7, figs. 10-12. White, slightly angulated posteriori}^. Length, 4 mill. Straits of Malacca, in mud, at 17 fathoms (Hinds); /. Bourbon (Deshayes). M. inflexa, Sowb. (fig. 11), described without locality, is very probably synonymous, and I agree with Dr. Weinkauff that M. unilineata, Jousseaume, founded on the shell figured by Reeve for M. fusiformis (fig. 12), and which differs from the type in possessing an inferior revolving brown band, cannot be distin- guished, except, perhaps, as a variety. M. HJEMATITA, Kiener. PL 7, figs. 13, 14. Smooth, or very slightly pitted, light lilac-red. Length, -35-'4 inch. Porto Rico, West Indies. M. electrum, Reeve (fig. 14), is founded on a faded specimen, in which the lip is worn smooth ; I have similar specimens in the collection of M, hsematita before me. (JLAHKLLA. 25 M. FESTIVA, Kiener. PI. 7, tig. 18. Whitish, mottled irregularly with fulvous, and encircled by three rose-colored bands. Length, '5 inch. East Africa (Reeve). M. PICTUKATA, Nevill. PI. 7, fig. 17. Cone-shaped, smooth ; light chestnut, with two white zones maculated with chestnut. Length, 3'5 mill. Mauritius. M. SCRIPTA, Hinds. ' PL 7, fig. 19. Yellowish white, with zig-zag longitudinal brown lines, and two bands of distant brown spots. Leng'th, 7*5 mill. Straits of Macassar, in coarse sand, 11 to 15 fathoms ( Belcher); Madagascar (Petit). M. LIFOUANA, Crosse. PI. 7, fig. 20. Yellowish white, sparingly longitudinally strigate with flex- uous brown lines. Length, 4'5 mill. New Caledonia. Is possibly a young, and not well-marked specimen of M. scripta. M. LUCIA, Jousseaume. PL 7, fig. 21. Spire scarcely apparent, the lip advanced upon it ; white, with undulating longitudinal brown lines. Length, 3 mill. Cape Verd Islands. Very like M. Lifouana in coloring, but having less prominent spire. M. MARGARITA, Kiener. PL 7, figs. 22, 23. White ; columellar plaits and lip-denticulations conspicuous. Length, 6-7 mill. West Indies. This species is not found in the East Indies or India, as stated by Kiener and most European monographers. M. Candida, Sowb. (fig. 23), is synonymous. M. STRIATA, Sowb. PL 7, figs. 24-26. Whitish ; volutiform, longitudinally finely folded or striated ; columellar plaits ami lip-crenulations very prominent. Length, 4-5 mill. West Indies ; Brazil. M. xulcata, d'Qrb. (fig. 25), is probably the same species, or 4 (SLABELLA. at most a variety, and M. xccJari*. .Foims. (fig. 2(5), is also synonymous. M. CHAPERT, Jonsseaume. PI. 7, fig. 27. Vitreous white, or cream-color. Length, 7 mill. Habitat unknown. A very doubtful species. M. PUMILA, Redfield. PI. 7, fig. 28. Pallid corneous. Length, 5 mill. Port Louis Harbor, Mauritius. Described by A. Adams as M. pusilla, a name preoccupied by Edwards for a fossil species. Jousseaume, in ignorance of the substitution made by lied field, proposed for it the name M. Borbonica. M. SERRATA, Gaskoin. PI. 7, fig. 31. White; columella four-plaited, lip closely denticulated. Length, 7 '5 mill. Mauritius. M. SCINTELLA, Jousseaume. An unfignred species, from an unknown Iocalit3r, and referred by its author to his genus or group Serrata, which includes M. serrala, Gaskoin. In the absence of authentic figures or speci- mens, it is not determinable. , M. OSTERT, Jousseaume. PL 7, fig. 32. White ; columella four-plaited, lip minutely denticulated. Length, 3'8 mill. Ifabitat unknown. * Lip not denticulated. M. TRANSLUCIDA, Sowb. PI. 7, figs. 29, 30 ; PI. 8, fig. ;?:>. White. Length, 7 -5 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. M. Strangei, Angas (fig. 30), Is evidently a synonym, and I place here also M. pyijinn-a, Sowb. (fig. 35), described without locality, from a single specimen in the Bell collection. It is the M. attenuata, Reeve, of Weinkauff, and has also been sent to me by Australian collectors under that name, but Reeve's species is entirely different and does not belong in the same group. GLABELLA. 27 M. AUSTRALIS, Hinds. PL 7, figs. 33, 34 ; PL 8, fig. 30. White to orange-brown ; lip and interior of aperture orange or yellowish. Length, 6-7 '5 mill. N. W. Australia ; New South Wales. M. Metcalfei, Angas (fig. 34), and M. ochracea, Angas (fig. 36), are juveniles of this species. Redfield and Weinkauff have placed as a synonym here M. oryza (= debiUs), Pease ; but that species has a crennlated lip. M. VITREA, Hinds. PL 8, tig. 37. Milk-white; much more angular and conical than M. mar- garita, Kiener. Length, 6 mill. W. Coa*t of Africa. M. INCONSPICUA, Sowb. PL 8, fig. 3H. Milk-white. Length, 6 mill. ]!>>•/ Indies (Coll. Pliilad. Acad.). M. SAULI.E, Sowb. PL 8, fig 39. Pallid fulvous, with two red revolving lines. Length, 7*5 mill. Cupe Verd Is. (Weinkauff). M. EVANIDA, Sowb. PL 8, fig. 40. Milk-white. Length, 6 mill. Lower Guinea Beuguela (Weinkauff). Dr. Weinkauft' suspects that this will prove identical with M. Saulise. M. SUAVIS, Souverbie. PL 8, fig. 41. Opaline white, with three red-brown bands, the middle one broad, the others narro^w. Length, 3 mill. New Caledonia. M. NEGLECT A, Sowb. PL 8, figs. 42, 43. Reddish yellow, three-banded, with red spots. Length, 6 mill. Cape of Good Hope ; Isle of Bourbon (Deshayes). The above is the description of M. rufula, Gaskoin. M. neglecta, Sowb. (fig. 42), which* is described as pallid fulvous, faintly trifasciate, length 6 mill., appears to me to be the same species, and has priority. Jousseaume supposed Reeve's figure of M. neylwta to differ specifically from Sowerby's shell, and calls the former M. ifjnota. I am not able to separate them. - 28 PRUNUM. Serf ion Prunum (Ma tini). Adams. Shell smooth, oval, spire slightly prominent ; outer lip thick, unarmed, inner lip frequently forming a callous deposit; color light gray or yellowish gray, usuall}- without distinct bands or spots ; exterior lip-margin sometimes orange-brown. M. MARGIN ATA, Born. PL 8, figs. 44-51. Occasionally very obscurely two-banded ; callous deposit on inner lip wide and thick, so that viewed from the back the shell appears margined all round, like a Cyprsea. Length, 1 inch. Senegal, West Africa ; West Indies ; Brazil. M. marginata is a West African species which, like many others from that locality, reappears in the West Indies, where it has received the name of M. cincta, Kiener (fig. 46). The last has hitherto been considered distinct, but I find no characters by which to separate it. I am compelled to add to the synonymy as a minor variety, the West India M. Storeria, Couthouy (fig. 4f ), a name applied to the smaller and usually j^ounger specimens of M. cincta, and in which the color is sometimes darker; also M. amygdala, Kiener (fig. 51), which, coming from West Africa, is similarly related to M. marginata. M. crdttstldbrvm , Reeve (fig. 48), M. Saulcyana, Petit (fig. 49), M. Loroisi, Bernard* (fig. 50), are also synonyms. Apparently M. marginata, like the West Indian M. prunum, occurs on the West Coast of America also; at least, I have before me specimens said to come from Panama (Haagensen) and San Bias (Duff). M. CURTA, Sowb. PL 8, fig. 52. Light grayish brown, strigate with white longitudinally, or obsoletely narrowly banded with white ; lip-margin externally marked with orange, lip and callus white, interior of aperture orange-color. Length, '85-1 inch. West Coast of South America. \ darker-colored, thinner, more swollen shell than the preceding species; peculiar in' its strigations, appearing as though scratched. M. J.ABROSA, Redfield. PL 8, figs. 53, 54. Yellowish white, lip-margin and callus white. Length, 10-12 mill. PRUNUM. 29 First described by Sowerl\y as M. crassilflbrum, a name pre- occupied by both Lea and Conrad for fossil species, and therefore changed as above ; subsequently Jousseaume, ignorant of Redfield's work, called it M. Leai. Dr. Weinkauff confounds M. crassilabrum , Sowerby, with M. crassilabrum, Reeve — the latter a synonym of M. marginata, Born. M. GIBBOSA, Jousseaume. PI. 8, figs, 55, 56. More gibbous than M. labroxa, the columella with six or seven plications. Length, 12 mill. Habitat unknown. Differs somewhat in form from the last species, and in having more than four colnmellar folds — tyet, I doubt its distinctness. M. KEENII, Marrat, PI. 8, fig. 5T. Color orange-buff', somewhat translucent ; columella four- plaited ; outer lip thickened, smooth within. Length, 12 mill. So. Africa. I am unacquainted with this species. M. PULCHRA, Gray. PL 5, figs. 61, 68. Yellowish flesh-color, with two narrow faint red bands. Length, 1 inch. West Indies. Larger than M. Olivaeformis^ the aperture conspicuously channeled behind, the bands of color narrower and more regular. Appears to connect the foregoing W. African group with that of M. prunum, of the West Indies. M. Honduf&ifensis, Reeve (fig. 68), is a juvenile shell. M. PRUNUM, Gmelin. PI. 8, figs. 58-61 ; PI. 9, fig. 62. Light olivaceous or yellowish white, sometimes very faint!}' banded ; lip-margin usually bordered exteriorly with orange, lip and columella white, interior chestnut-brown. Length, 1-T5 inches. Wesf Indies ; Panama; Sierra Leone? ; Brazil. With this species 1 unite M. mpotilla, Hinds, from Panama (fig. 62); M. Burchardi, Dunker (fig. 60), locality unknown; and M. Martini, Petit ifig. 61), from Rio Janeiro. The original figure of M. sapotilla, which I have copied, represents a young shell ; similar dark-colored specimens' of this age occur among 30 CRYPTOSPIRA. West Indian shells ; the full-grown shells from Panama being precisely like the West Indian specimens figured (figs. 58-59). Section Cryptospira, Hinds. Shell swollen, smooth, spire very short, nearly concealed ; columella five- or six-plaited ; outer lip thickened, smooth within ; color gray or yellowish olivaceous, usually without bands, sometimes interruptedly banded or strigate. Nearly related to Priinum, but differs in having a shorter spire, less callous deposit and more columellar teeth or plaits. M. QUINQUEPLICATA, Lain. PI. 9, figs. 63-66. Light olivaceous or slate-color ; lip and interior white or tinged with yellow. Length, 1-1 '5 inches. Bay of Bengal, Malacca, Sumatra. Var. HAINESII, Petit (fig. 66). Shell callously thickened throughout. M. encaustica, Reeve (fig. 65), is considered by Weinkauff a very young shell of M. quinqueplicata ; I think this veiy 'probable, the additional columellar folds, and the numerous lip-den tic ula- tions being probably evanescent juvenile characters. I am helped to this conclusion by the fact that other juvenile forms exhibit similar characters. M. ELEGANS, Gmelin. PL 9, figs. 67-10, 82 ; PI. 2, fig. 8. Gray, copiously banded with dark iron-gray, the bands composed of close longitudinal strigations ; lip and lower part of columella orange-brown. Length, 1-1 '75 inches. Nicobar Is. ; Moluccas. With this species I unite as synonyms, M. strigata, Dillwyn (figs. 68, 69), a variety in which the strigations become undulated ; M. Bur char di, Reeve (not Dunker) = M. Loebbeckeana, Wein- kaulf (fig. 70) — a colorless variety, to which belong M. glauca and M. Marchi of Jousseaume. M. RUBENS, Martens. PL 13, fig. 39. Shell ovate, corneous, margin of the lip pallid orange ; colu- mellar plications three, parietal plications two. Length, 19 mill. E. Coast of Patagonia, 60 fathoms. Closely allied to M. glauca, Jousseaume. in form, but differs in CRYPTOSPIRA. 31 tint and in having a thickened lip-margin, and in the second plication being more unlike the lower one. M. TRICINCTA, Hinds. PL 9, figs. 71, 72. Ash-color, very obscurely triple-banded with chestnut. Length, -9 inch. Straits of Macassar, coarse sand, at 11 fathoms (Belcher). The bands are usually more visible within the aperture, being almost or entirely obscured by the gray callous coating. M. im- mersa, Reeve (fig. 72), is a synonym. M. TRAILLTI, Reeve. PI. 9, fig. 73. Yellowish white, lip thickly reflected, eolumella five-plaited. Length, *55 inch. Malacca. Dr. Weinkauff thinks this is probably the young of M. Loeb- beckeana (= elegans), but it seems to be much more cylindrical than that species. It is in the Cumingian collection. M. SEXPLICATA, D tinker. PI. 9, fig. 74. Grayish, inconspicuously longitudinally strigate, eolumella six-plaited. Length, -5 inch. Japan. Described by Sowb. in 1870 as M. obtusa, a specific name pre- occupied by himself in 1846, and therefore changed to xexpli- cata by D linker in 1871, and to grisea by Jousseaume in 1875. M. ODORICYI, Bernardi. PL 9, fig. 75. White, with broad yellow bands, which are longitudinally strigate with orange-brown ; interior of aperture orange. Length, 18 mill. Habitat unknown. Described from a single specimen in a worn condition. M. BERNARDII, Largill. PL 9, fig. 76. Fulvous ash, longitudinally streaked with grayish brown ; eolumella six-plaited. Length, 20 mill. China Sea. M. OLIVELLA, Reeve. PL 9, figs. 77, 83. Inflated above, glassy white ; eolumella four- to five-plaited. Length, 10 mill. N. S. Walts, Australia. 32 CKYPTOSPIKA. The upper fold of the columella is minute, sometimes not present, and this shell, as well as the next, are referred to the present section with some doubt. M. PR^ECALLOSA, Higgins. An unfigured species, yellowish white, linearly strigate, and with two distant bands ; colnmella five-plaited, lip callously reflected, flexuously plicate within. Length, 25 mill. Habitat unknown. M. OBLONGA, Swainson. PL 9, figs. 78-80. Flesh-color, obscurely broadly banded with a darker tint, and bearing two chestnut spots on the outer lip ; sometimes slightly necked with white. Length, '8-1 inch. Bahamas and Yucatan. Is more attenuated than the next species, which it neverthe- less so closely resembles in its occasional flecked coloration and in having the two spots on the lip, as to suggest community of origin. Mr. Red field has proposed the names M. amabilis (fig. 79), and M. rostrata (fig. 8(P, for what appear to me to be only slight variations of this species : the latter has been indepen- dently described by Jousseaume as M. canella. M. GUTTATA, Dillwyn. PL 9, fig. 81. Flesh-colored, obscurel}* broadly banded with a darker tint over which are irregular snow-white flecks ; outer lip and base bearing from two to five brown spots or short stripes. Length, -65-'9 inch. West Indies, Florida, Beaufort, N. Carolina. See remarks on preceding species. M. NIVOSA, Hinds. PL 10, figs. 84, 85. Pale flesh-color, obsoletely banded, with narrow longitudinal strigations and fleckings of white ; lip without spots. Length, *5-'75 inch. West Indies. With this must be united M. pruinosa, Hinds (fig. 85), and M. nivea, C. B. Adams — the latter an unfigured species, founded on small specimens. M. punctidata, Petit, is an unfigured species from Senegal, which has not been identified heretofore ; the description agrees well enough with nivosa. If it could be posi- tively identified it would have priority over nivosa. CRYPT08PIRA. 33 M. OLIV^EFORMIS, Kieuer. PI. 5, figs. 64-66. Rather narrow, flesh-color, obscurely two- or three-banded, and occasionally longitudinally mottled with a darker tint. Length, *6 inch. Senegal. I agree with Weinkauff that M. laeta, Jousseaume (fig. 65), is scarcely more than a fine, small example of this species. M. Hindsiana, Petit (fig. 66), proposed instead of*M. constricta, Hinds, a name preoccupied by Conrad for a fossil species, is probably a synonym. M. CARNEA, Storer. PL 10, fig. 86. Orange-red, with a median narrow white band ; lip and callus white. Length, 'T5 inch. West Indies, Florida, Beaufort, N. Carolina. This very distinct species has been misunderstood by the European monographers, who have all confounded it with forms of M. oblonga, Swains. M. ROSCIDA, Redfield. PI. 10, fig. 88. Yellowish flesh-color, flecked with white, tending to become longitudinally white-streaked below the suture ; lip marked \)y two distant chestnut spots, with usually a third at its junction with the spire. Length, -6 inch. North and South Carolina. Is very nearly related to the next species, but the spire is more developed, the shoulder more distinctly angular, and has the white spots of which M. apicina is destitute. It is a critical species and may prove to be only a variety of M. apicina. M. APICINA, Menke. PL 10, figs. 89, 90. Pure white, bluish, purple, pinkish or yellowish white, or orange-yellow, faintly darker banded, with two, three or four chestnut spots on the margin of the outer lip — sometimes obso- lete. Length, -4--6 inch. West Indies, Florida, Bahamas. The pure white variety has been described by Jousseaume as M. virginea. M. PELLUCIDA, Pfeiffer. PL 10, fig. 91. Thin, diaphanous, orange-brown, sometimes faintly banded 34 (11YPTOSPIRA. with a darker tint ; lip narrowly margined externally with orange-red. Length, '5 inch. West Indies, Bahamas. Has the form of M. apicina, but differs remarkably in its diaphanous texture. M. NITIDA, Hinds. PI. 10, figs. 92, 93. Thin, pellucid, amber-color ; more cylindrical than M.pellucida, with the spire more produced. Length, *45 inch. Tampa Bay, Fla. M. nitida was described without locality, but both description and figure so entirely correspond with 717. succinea, Conrad (fig. 93), that I cannot doubt their identity. M. succinea is figured from the author's type. M. WALLACEI, Jousseaume. PI. 10, figs. 94, 95. Orange-brown with a central white zone ; columella obliquely four-plaited ; lip white, thickened and margined, minutely arid irregularly dentate within. Length, 12 mill. Locality not certain, probably West Indies. The minute lip-denticulations, if permanent, separate this species widely from its nearest allies in form and coloring ; otherwise it is very like a small M. carnea. M. CANTHARUS, Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 96. Transparent horny, rather solid, obscurely banded ; lip thick- ened, opaque white. Length, 11 mill. Habitat unknown. M. CAPENSIS, Dunker. PI. 10, fig. 97. White, tinged or obscurely banded with very light orange- brown. Length, 12 mill. Cape of Good Hope. Of rather inflated growth. M. PAXILLUS, Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 98. White or tinged with orange-brown ; spire somewhat exserted, body-whorl rather swollen above, attenuated below ; lip thickened, smooth, flexuous ; columella four-plaited. Length, 8-9 mill. Off Florida (Pourtales) ; West Coast of Florida ( Jewett). Described by Reeve without locality. M. REDFIELDII, Tryon. PL 10, fig. 99. Smooth, polished, white or yellowish ; narrow, spire drawn CRYPTOSPIRA. 35 out, body-whorl attenuated below ; lip flexuous, smooth, not much thickened externally, not thickened within ; columella obliquely four-plaited. Length, 8 mill. Dredged off Florida (Pourtales). Of same general type as M. paxillus, but proportionally much narrower, with the spire exserted. M. ANNULATA, Reeve. PL 10, fig. 100. Rather solid, yellowish white, brown-margined below the sutures; body-whorl gibbously angled above; lip thickened, flexuous, columella four-plaited. Length, 8 mill. Habitat unknown. M. TRIPLICATA, Gaskoin. PL 10, figs. 1, 2. Tumid pear-shaped, fleshy white, shining; spire small; lip thickly margined ; columella triplicate. Length, 7 mill. Philippines. A very characteristic, cowry-shaped species. Section Volutelia, Swui f<>n. Bulliform, ovate-oblong; spire depressed; pillar with four oblique plaits at the fore-part, lip smooth within. M. BULLATA, Born. PL 10, figs. 3, 4. Pale buflf, sometimes very indistinctly banded with a darker tint ; reddish brown within the aperture. Length, 2'5-3'5 inches. Bahia, Brazil. . This is the largest species of the genus and a veritable giant among Marginellas. A pale lemon-colored variet^y has been called M. Cuvieri, Desh. (fig. 4). • « M. ANGUSTATA, Sowb. PL 10, fig. 5. White, covered by interrupted chocolate or chestnut revolving lines, some of them approximating into bands. Length, '7- 1*25 inches. Indian Ocean ; Australia. M. BLANDA, Hinds. PL 10, fig. 6. Orange-brown, outside and inside ; obsoletely fasciated. Length, '75 inch. Cape Blanco, W. Africa, 12-15 fathoms. 36 PERSICULA. M. DACTYLUS, Lam. PI. 10, fig. 7. Pale fawn-color, without and in the interior. Length, 1-1 inches. Hong-Kong, China; Hinds. Is more cylindrical than M. blanda, and has five columellar plaits. M. ELLIPTICA, Redfield. PI. 10, fig, 8. White, or very faintly yellowish banded. Length, 9'5 mill. Ins. Fanning, Polynesia. Described by Mr. Pease as M. elongata, a name preoccupied by Bellardi for a fossil species. Section Pers'cula, Schumacher. Shell bulliforin, spire depressed or sunken ; usually banded or spotted ; aperture long, the outer lip generally denticulated within, with a posterior channel, inner lip with a callosity posteriorly, four plaits anteriorly, with smaller ones behind them, becoming obsolete. M. CORNEA, Lam. PL 10, fig. 9. Fulvous flesh-color, obsoletely darker banded, lip and callus lighter. Length, *8-l inch. West Africa. . M. PERSICULA, Linn. PI. 10, fig. 10. Fulvous white, copiously spotted with orange-red or chestnut. Length, -75--9 inch. Senegambia, Cape Verd Is. M. CINGULATA, Dillw. PL 10, fig. 11. Fulvous white, with conspicuous zig-zag chestnut revolving- lines. Length, *7-*9 inch. , W. Africa, Canaries, Cape Verd Is. In some specimens before me the revolving lines have broken up into spots ; so that, distant as the two patterns of painting normally appear, this and the preceding may prove to be varieties of a single species. M. MULTILINE ATA, Sowb. PL 10, fig. 12. Yellowish, with close-set chestnut revolving lines. Length, *5 inch. Belize, Honduras, PERSICULA. 37 M. PORCELLANA, Gmelin. PI. 10, fig. 13. Whitish, tesselated with close-set rows of chestnut quadran- gular spots. Length, '65 inch. Venezuela. M. KIENERIANA, Petit. PL 10, fig. 14. Fawn to chestnut-color, with four white bands, on which are distant chocolate spots. Length, -5-'75 inch. Laguayra, Venezuela. M. CALCULUS, Redfield. PL 10, fig. 15. Whitish, tesselated with rows of chestnut spots, shaded with white, and forming longitudinal zig-zags. Length, '4 inch. Grenadines, West Indies. This is the M. guttata of Sowerby, not Dillw. or Swains., arid the M. maculosa of Reeve, not Kiener. M. INTERRUPTE-LINEATA, Mllhlf. PL 11, figS. 16, 17. Yellowish white, profusely marked with gray or chestnut spots and short lines, in interrupted revolving series. Length, -5-'75 inch. Liberia, West Indies, Venezuela. M. OBESA, Redfield. PL 11, figs. 18, 19. Differs from M. inter rupte-li ne ata, in being usually larger, more ventricose, the revolving lines sometimes merging into spots, and in the outer margin of the lip possessing three spots; yet I think it will prove to be only a variety of that species. Length, '6-*75 inch. Venezuela, Brazil. M. IMBRTCATA, Hinds. PL 11, figs. 20, 21. Yellowish white, with revolving series of spots and lines of chestnut color, usually forming a single darker interrupted band on the periphery. Length, '5 inch. Acapulco Pacific Coast of Mexico. M. Vaidieri, Bernardi (fig. 21), appears to be a young shell of this species. M. MACULOSA, Kiener. PL 11, figs. 22, 23. Yellowish white, with revolving series of light chestnut spots, bordered with milk-white ; there are usually two white bands, upon which are larger and darker spots. Length, -4--5 inch. West. Indies. M. muralis, Hinds (fig. 23\ is a sj^nonym. 38 PERSICULA. M. DE BURGHS, A. Adams. PL 11, fig. 24. Transparent white, with larger and smaller chestnut spots in alternate rows. Length, -4-'5 inch. N. W. Coast of Australia. I have before me specimens of a pure white variety, from Nicol Bay, communicated by John Brazier, Esq. M. PULCHELLA, Kiener. PI. 11, fig. 25. Yellowish white, with zig-zag longitudinal series of chestnut spots and lines, and usually two darker revolving series. Length, -35-' 4 inch. Sydney, Australia (Authors); Ceylon (Nevill). M. PHRYGIA, Sowb. PL 11, fig. 26. Shell gibbous ; yellowish, with zig-zag .series of chestnut spots and lines, and two or three revolving series of darker color. Length, -3-'4 inch. Acapulco and Gulf of California. Marked like M. pulchella, but not so cylindrical in form. It is the M. guttata of Swains., not Dillw., and M. Swainsoniana, Petit. M. FRUMENTUM, Sowb. PL 11, fig. 27. Form and pattern of coloring very like M. phrygia. but the shell is slightly more cylindrical, and the zig-zags are usually much closer ; the heavier coloring forming the bands, curves in an opposite direction. Length, '25-'35 inch. Coast of Ecuador (Redfield); W. Coast of South America (Weinkauff). M. CATENATA, Mont, PL 11, figs. 28, 29. Shell whitish, with chain-like revolving series of chestnut and milk-white spots. Length, '15-'25 inch. West Indies, W. Coast of W. America. M. alba, C. B. Adams, is probably founded on a worn specimen of this species. Mr. W. H. Ball records the occurrence of M. catenata on the West Coast of America at Panama, Cape St. Lucas, and also at the Galapagos Is. There are six to ten of the revolving chains of spots, and frequently the chestnut-colored ones are not apparent, so that the shell is thin, whitish, trans- lucent, with milk-white spots. PERSH'ULA. 39 M. PULCHERRIMA, Gaskoin. PI. 11, fig. 30. Shell light yellowish, usually with darker bands and four revolving rows of brown and milk-white spots. Length, -15--25 inch. West Indies (Gaskoin); Bahamas (Redfield). Has the form of M. catenata, and has frequently been con- founded with it. May be distinguished by the faint bands and fewer series of revolving spots. M. SAG1TTATA, Hillds. PI. 11, fig. 31. Yellowish white, with light chestnut sagittate revolving series, and interrupted lighter, longitudinal zig-zag markings. Length, -25-'35 inch. Caribbean; BaJiamas to Brazil ; Australia. Has the form of M. catenata and nearly the markings of M. phrygia. I have before me specimens collected by J. Brazier in King George's Sound, S. W. Australia, which do not differ from the normal West Indian form of the species. M. CHRYSOMELTNA, Redfield. PI. 11, fig. 32. Yellowish white, with regularly spaced subquadrangular brown spots in revolving series. Length, '3 inch. West Indies. M. PACIFICA, Pease. PI. 11, fig. 33. Whitish, with four or five rows of arrow-head brown markings. Length, 5 mill. Paumotus Is. Smaller and more cylindrical than M. sagittata, Hinds ; the arrow-heads point to the left. M. DUBIOSA, Ball. PI. 11, fig. 34. Yellowish brown, with uncertain fluctuating white bars, spots and streaks, irregularly disposed, with a general tendency to elongation in the direction of the lines of growth ; callus above the spire marked with a circle of radiating brown dots, with an obscure white band outside of them ; a dark brown patch on the outer edge of the outer lip. Length, a3 inch. Acapulco, Mexico. Described from a single, evidently beach-worn specimen, and must be considered a doubtful species. 40 PKKSKTLA. M. OVULUM, So\vb. PI. 11, fig. 35. White. Length, '8 mill. E. Australia. M. OCCULTA, Monterosato. PI. 11, fig. 36. Whitish. Length, 2-3 mill. Palermo, Sicily. M. PISUM, Reeve. PL 11. fig. 37. White. Length, 4 mill. Australia (Grange). It would be difficult to show any good distinctive characters between this and M. occulta. It might also be a young M. ovulum. M. CLANDESTINA, Brocchi. PI. 11, fig. 38 ; PL 2, fig. 10. Glassy white, obovate, spire immersed, columella four-plaited, outer lip thickened and margined. Length, 3 mill. Coast of Portugal; Canary Islands; Mediterranean Sea, from Gibraltar to Egypt. Fossil in the tertiary of Italy and Sicily. M. ISSELI, Nevill. PL 11, fig. 39. White, more elongated than M. clandestina, and smaller. Length, 1'25 mill. Suez (Issel); Coast of Persia, 25 fathoms (Blanford). Described by Issel as M. pygmsea, a name preoccupied by Sowerby. M. ORYZA, Lam. PL 11, fig. 40. Whitish, or yellowish white, with a broad central chestnut band. Length, 8 mill. Senegal; Cape Verd Is. Specimens before me, agreeing otherwise with the figures of this species, have the spire apparent, although short. There are four columellar folds, and in addition a number of trans- verse denticulations extending nearly the entire length of the inner lip. Remarking the presence of these, not mentioned in Lamarck's description, Jousseaume adopts Adanson's name for the species and calls it M. xtipon, believing it to differ from M. oryza. M. DENS, Reeve. PL 11, fig. 41. Pear-shaped, opal-white. Length, t mill. Borneo. A. 41 M. G-UANCHA, d'Orb. PI. 11, fig-. 42. Whitish ; columella four-plaited. Length, 1*5 mill. Canary Islands. Narrower than M. clandestina, and compressed at the ends. M. OVULIFOEMIS, d'Orb. PI. 11, fig. 43. White, columella with three plaits. Length, 1-5 mill. We »t Indie*. Possibly an immature shell. M. MARGARITULA, Carpenter. White, columella with four plaits . very like M. ovuliformis. Length, -OSS-'OTS inch. Mazatlan, W. Coast of Mexico. I have no specimens of this unfigured, very minute species. M. PYRIFORMIS, Carpenter. PI. 13, fig. 38. , Like M. margaritula, but sometimes tinged with light orange; longer and narrower in front; lip (not always) very minutely denticulated ; columellar plaits rather acute. Length, 2 mill. Monterey to San Diego, Gal. M. LEFEVREI, Bernard!. PL 11, fig. 44. White or slightly yellowish. Length, 13 mill. Habitat unknown. Section Gibberula, Swainson. Shell suboval ; spire slightly prominent ; outer lip posteriorly dilated and gibbous, not denticulated. A group of small species differing from Persicula in the spire being slightly prominent instead of sunken. M. MONILIS, Linn. PI. 11, figs. 45, 46. Ivory-white ; columella four-plaited ; above the plaits are additional denticulations. Length, 10-12 mill. West Africa; Red Sea; I. of Socotra. The African tribes form necklaces of these shells. For the purpose of stringing them a hole is made through the upper part of the body-whorl, apparently by rubbing. M. Petit, finding the figures of this species in Sowerby's Thesaurus to have a spire more projecting than is warranted by Linnaeus' description, and the locality of the latter being given as China, separates Sowerby's shells as M. Sowerbyana ; uo subsequent authors have recognized 4'2 G1BBERULA. this distinction. A large proportion of the localities given by Linnaeus are erroneous. I cannot separate M. Terveriana, Petit (fig. 46), from the Island of Socotra and Red Sea. M. MILIARIA, Linn. PI. 11, figs. 47, 48. White; columella fonr-plaited, with one or two denticulations above the plaits. Length, 4*5 mill. Mediterranean ; Portugal ; Canary Isles ; Gulf of Suez. Is a common fossil in the Upper and Middle Tertiary of Southern Europe. Usually the outer lip is smooth, but occa- sionally it is very slightly, minutely crenulated. M. Savignyi, Issel (fig. 48), from Suez, presents characters so similar in description and figure, that I cannot separate it. M. CARNEOLA, Petit. PI. 11, fig. 49. Pallid carneous, with two darker bands. Length, 8'5 mill. Habitat unknown. Petit mentions two bands in his description, yet his figure only shows a single broad central one. The species has not been fully identified ; some authors suspect that it is equivalent to and has priority over M. pyrulum, Reeve, the next species ; whilst the figure, if correct in representing only one band, is more like M. oryza, Lam. M. PYRULUM, Reeve. PL 11, fig. 50. Yellowish white, spire chestnut-color, with faint upper and lower bands. Length, 7 mill. St. Thomas, W. I. (Reeve). See remarks under preceding species. The difference between this species and those varieties of M. oryza with apparent spire, is very slight ; both have the dark colored spire. They will possibty prove identical. M. INFELIX, Jousseaume. PI. 11, fig. 51. Yellowish white ; columella four-plaited. Length, 7 '5 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. Described by Reeve as M. simplex, a name preoccupied by Edwards for a fossil species. M. ASELLINA, Jousseaume. PI. 12, fig. 52. Yellowish white, trifasciate with orange-brown. Length, 5 mill. Mauritius. GIBBERULA. 43 M. JEWETTII, Carpenter. PL 12, fig. 57. Milk-white ; columella four-plaited. Length, 4'5-6 mill. Monterey to Santa Barbara, Ual. M. STJBTRIGONA, Carpenter. PL 12, fig. 55. Like M. Jewettii, but much shorter and wider. Length, -14 inch. Santa Barbara, Gal. M. REGULARIS, Carpenter. PL 12, fig. 56. Thin, glassy white or yellowish; narrower than M. Jewettii; lip-margin rather thick. Length, -13 inch. Monterey to San Diego, Oal.; beach to 20 fms. M. LACHRYMA, Reeve. PL 12, figs. 53, 54. Pyriformly ovate; glassy white ; columella with four plaits, and several denticulations above them. Length, 4 mill. Borneo. The spire is shorter than in M. in fan a, Reeve, and the outline more convex below. M. Crossei, Velain (fig. 54), from the vicinity of the Islands of St. Paul and Amsterdam, does not appear to differ except in size, being 1'5 mill. ; it is perhaps not fully grown. M. GLANDJNA, Yelain. PL 12, fig. 58. White, columella with two strong plications and three slighter ones above them. Length, 2*75 mill. Island of St. Paul, Indian Ocean. Scarcely distinguished from the preceding species by a some- what more cylindrical form. M. GRANUM, Phil. Shell minute, obovate, white, spire shortly conical ; columella straight, four-plicate, lip sulcate-striate within. Length, 4 mill. Red Sea, near Aden. Like M. minvta, Pfr. , but slightly larger; lip strongly 8-10 sulcate within. Not figured. M. MINUTA, Pfr. PL 12, figs. 60-63. White, columella four-plaited, lip minutely denticulated within. Length, 2-5 mill. Mediterranean, Red Sea, West Indies, Florida. Fossil in the Fost Pliocene of Southern Europe. • ' 44 GIBBERUL'A. M. Lavalleana, d'Orb (fig. 61), from the West Indies and Florida, does not appear to differ. The lip is described as smooth, and appears to be so in some specimens, but in others, in a favorable light and with a good glass, the denticulations or ridges can be plainly seen. M. minima, Guilding (fig. 62), is also a synonym, although described as having but three columellar plaits. I place here M. Sueziensis, Issel (fig. 63), from the Red Sea. M. LACHRIMULA, Gould. An unfigured, white, minute species, with scarcely any apparent spire, and lip surpassing it posteriorly; columella tour-plaited; lip slightly crenulate within. Length, 1*5 mill. Dredged in 400 fms. off the coast of Georgia. Said to be distinguished from the allied West Indian species by its transparency and ventricose form. M. BENSONI, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 64. Rather solid, shining white; lip smooth, columella three- plaited. Length, 2 mill. Cape of Good Hope. M. MINOR, C. B. Adams. PI. 12, fig. 65. White, columella four- or five-plaited, lip smooth within. Length, 3-4 mill. Panama to Mazatlan. More cylindrical than M. minuta, Pfr. M. POLITA, Carpenter. Shell like M. minor, but smaller, regularly ovate, scarcely produced anteriorly, spire rounded, hardly raised ; parietal callus small ; plicae four, nearly equal and conspicuous. Length, -034 inch. Mazatlan; six specimens on Chama and Spondylus. I have not seen this species, which remains unfigured. M. TRANSLATA, Redfield. PI. 12, fig. 66. White, with three luteous bands ; lip denticulated within. Length, 6 mill. Paumotus Is. Described by Pease as M. pyriformis* a name preoccupied by Carpenter. . tt^A- ^^,._ -ORNIA. M. ANGASI, Brazier. PI. 12, fig. 67. Shell hyaline lacteous ; spire nearly planate ; columella with inferior folds ; lip smooth within. Length, 1*75 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. The animal is dark, with a red foot. Appears to be an im- mature shell. M. POLYODONTA, Velain. PI. 12, fig. 68. White, spire almost planate, columella with two plications, above which are nine or ten transverse teeth, terminating in a stronger tooth above. Length, 2*5 mill. L of St. Paul, Indian Ocean. Found in compound Ascidians. Appears to be an immature shell. M. SANDWICENSIS, Pease. PL 12, fig. 69. Glossy white, columella usually four-plicate, lip abbreviately lirate within. Length, 2*5 mill. Fandwfch Is. (Pease); Viti Is. (Garrett). Pease's species was not illustrated by him, and the figure of it in Reeve's Iconica is very bad. He does not mention the interior lirae or denticulations, which are not visible on all the specimens. Having types received from Pease and also types of Mr. Garrett's M. pygmsea, subsequently published, I do not hesitate to declare them identical. M. DEBILIS, Pease. Shell subpyriform, longitudinally striated, white; aperture narrow, contracted ; apex obtuse ; inner lip three-plaited, outer lip denticulated within. Sandwich Islands. Mr. Redfield and Dr. Weinkauff have made this a synonym of M. Australis, Hinds ; although the description differs essentially. Pease originally published it as M. oryza, but that name being preoccupied, he changed it to M. debilis, and at .the same time pointed out its distinctive characters from Australia. Dr. Jousseaume, ignorant of the change of name made by Pease, has proposed for it M. aquseg-utfa. It has not been figured, and I have no specimens. 46 GIBBERULA. M. SEMEN, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 71. Spire minute, almost immersed; shell dull white; columella callous, minutely four-plaited. Length, 4 mill. Habitat unknown. Jousseaume changed the name to M. cinerea, because Lea had previously used semen for a fossil species ; the latter, how- ever, is said to be the young of M. larvata, Conrad. Mr. Redfield remarks that this species is very near to M. ouuli- formis, Orb. M. PULVIS, Jousseaume. PI. 12, fig. 72. Yitreous white, with revolving striae ; lip minutely denticulate within; columella two-plaited. Length, 1-3 mill. Isle of Bourbon. Evidently, as suggested by Dr. Weinkauff, an embryonal shell: M. MARIET, Crosse. PI. 12, fig. 73. Minute, globosely inflated, spire immersed, columella four- plicate. Length, 1 mill. New Caledonia. Is this a juvenile of M. Angasi, Brazier? M. ROS, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 74. ^ white, columella minutely plaited. Length, 4 mill. Habitat unknown. be the equivalent of several other species of this section. M. BULBOSA, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 75. Opaque white ; columella four-plaited; lip minutely denticu-1 lated within. Length, 6 mill. Borneo. M. CYSTISCUS, Redfield. PL 12, fig. 70 ; PL 2, fig. 11. Shell white, columella four-plaited. Length, '14 inch. False Bay, Cape of Good Hope; from Gorgonise in 20 fathoms. The dentition and shell are like Marginella; but the animal, which has short, flattened, triangular, horizontal tentacles, with minute dark reddish eyes, behind their bases, differed sufficiently to induce Stimpson, who discovered the species, to establish for it a new family Cystiscidre, and to call it Cystiscus Capensis. Mr. Redfield, very properly, I think, remanded the species to Marginella, and the specific name being preoccupied in that genus, called it M. cystiscus. The foot of the animal is lemon- yellow. OLOSIA, VOLVARIA. 47 Section Closia, Gray. Spire involute ; lip thick, usually dentate within ; columella heavily incrusted with callus, two lower folds of columella very prominent, two superior ones not so prominent ; above them there are sometimes deposited a series of false folds or transverse ridges as in Gyprasa : which it resembles ; especially its dorsal aspect. M. LARGILLIERTI, Kiener. PL 12, figs. 77, 78. Pale violet fawn-color or yellowish brown, more or less obscurely banded and necked with yellowish white. Length, *75-l inch. Bahia, Brazil. M. ovum, Reeve (fig. 78\ is only an unpainted, probably faded, state of this species. M. LILACINA, Sowb. PI. 12, fig. 80. Flesh-white, stained with pale lilac, with an indistinct broad central band. Length, '9 inch. Habitat unknown. M. SARDA, Kiener. PI. 12, figs. 81-83. Whitish, faintly three-banded with violet; lip tinged exteriorly with yellowish brown. Length, '65 inch. Ceylon, Mauritius. M. Manceli, Jousseaume (fig. 83), appears to be identical with this species. M. QUADRILINEATA, Gaskohl. PI. 12, fig. 79. Ash-gray, with four distant, dark revolving lines. Length, -8 inch. Habitat unknown. M. CONTAMINATA, Gaskoin. This unfigured and unrecognized species, without assigned habitat and undeterminable, appears to belong* in this group. Subgenus Volvaria, Lam. Shell subcylindrical ; spire very short or sunken ; aperture narrow, anteriorly dilated ; columella sinuous in front, subflexuous, obliquely truncated, and with four oblique plaits ; outer lip slightly thickened without, or with only a slight marginal varix. A single recent species, M. pallida, is very similar to the fossil 4S VOLVAKIA. forms for which Lamarck originally proposed the genus ; in all the other recent species the lip becomes more or less thickened with a slight varix. I figure the fossil form V. bidloides, Lam. (PL 3, fig. 28), from the Middle Eocene of France and Belgium. M. PALLIDA, Linn. PI. 12, fig. 84. White or yellowish, sometimes obscurely banded in the centre. Length, •G-'T inch. West Indie*. M. LUCIDA, Marrat. PI. 12, fig. 85. White, lip slightl}' thickened ; spire obsolete. Length, '35 inch. Natal, So. Africa. M. COMPRESSA, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 86. Shining white, glassy, spire very short. Length, '4 inch. Habitat unknown. Dr. Weinkauff supposes this to be possibly a young shell of M.-pallida, but the lip is too much thickened ; I am very doubtful whether either this or M. lucida is distinct from M. lactea, Kiener. M. MUSTELINA, Angas. PI. 12, fig. 87. Light brown, with two yellowish bands, bordered with darker brown in series of spots. Length, 5 mill. Port Jackson; Botany Buy, Australia. This is possibly synonymous with M. obscura, Reeve — a s-pecies of which I have no specimens. There is some resemblance in the coloring and form. M. FAUNA, Sowb. PI. 12, figs. 88-90. Pinkish or yellowish white, or pure white ; stouter than the preceding species. Length, -35-'45 inch. West Indies. With this may probably be united M. alabaster, Reeve (fig. 89 , and M. diaphana, Kiister, not Kiener (fig. 90). M. OLIVELL.EFORMIS, Jousseaume. PL 12, fig. 91. White, sutures canaliculate, columella four-plicate, lip toothed within. Length, -4 mill. Habitat unkjiown. VOLVAIUA. 49 The channeled suture is the distinguishing feature of this species — for which Dr. WeinkaufF has proposed the subgeneric name Canalispira. M. ZONATA, Kiener. PL 12, figs. 92-94. Thin, whitish, either very broadly banded, or lineated above and below with fulvous orange. Length, *3 inch. Cape of Good Hope; Madagascar; West Indies. In M. zonata (fig. 92), the coloring nearly covers the body- whorl in a single band ; and with this variety corresponds M. Dunkeri, Krauss. In M. bilineata, Krauss (figs. 93, 94), the shell is white, bilineated with chestnut. Sometimes the broad band is present, with the deeper colored lineations defining its margins, and in one specimen before me the band is visible on a portion of the whorl only, but the lineations are present. M. PUELLA, Gould. Resembles M. zonata, but is much larger, with no traces of bands. The animal is very active, of a pale lemon-color, with blotches of flake-white and very numerous crimson points ; margin of mantle dark chocolate. Length, 12 mill. /Simon's Biy, 80. Africa, 18 fathoms, gravelly bottom. Unfigured. M. MICANS, Petit. PL 13, fig. 95. Whitish, with two broad bands of chestnut. Length, 8 mill. Abd-el- Gouri E. Coast of Africa. M. LACTEA, Kiener. PL 13, figs. 9*8, 99. White or cream-colored, columella four-plicate. Length, 8 mill. West Indies*. M.affinis, Reeve (fig. 99), appears to be this species, Reeve having figured the next species for lactea. M. abbreviata, C. B. Adams, is also probably a synonym. M. SUBTRIPLICATA, Orb. PL 13, fig. 100. White or cream-color, more cylindrical than M. lactea, with more produced spire, columella three-plaited, shell larger. Length, 10 mill. West Indies. 50 YOLVARIA. M. MEXICANA, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 1. Rather solid, opaque white, with four very obscure bands, columelia four-plaited. Length, 7 mill. Mexico . Possibly a variety of M. lactea, Kiener. I am not acquainted with the species. M. A VENA, Valenc. PL 13, figs. 2-5, 8. White or yellowish white, with three broad bands of brownish yellow ; columelia four-plaited. Length, '45-'6 inch. West Indies. Var. BEYERLEANA, Bernardi (figs. 3, 8). White or rosy-white, with the bands of rose-color ; it is clearly connected by intermediate shades with the type. Some of these intermediate states are M. livida, Reeve (fig. 4), M. ejfulgens, Reeve, and M. gu Mulct, Reeve (fig. 5 . Var. AVENELLA, Dall. Shell exceedingly variable in proportions ; spire short, obtuse, sometimes almost suppressed ; color light yellow or yellowish white, with a faint white line bordering the suture ; general outline elongated ovate ; aperture long, narrow behind (where the outer lip is thickened and a little inflected \ wider in front (where it is thin), and a little flaring at its (widest) anterior termination; columelia with four subequal folds, all rather oblique; outer lip simple, thickened behind, where the line of callus may extend to the suture or fall considerably short of it ; slightly concave in the middle, where its edge is even turned in a little ; scarcely, if at all, produced forward ; whorls not at all or very slightly shouldered, three or four in number. In the form with the short rounded spire, the outer lip is straight, not inflected, and more evenly thickened along its whole length ; the anterior end of the aperture has the outer lip obliquely cut off, and not flaring. The whole form is more evenly ovate-cylindrical. The measurements of the long- and short-spired specimens are respectively as follows: — Lon. of shell, 12-0 and 9*5; of whorl, 10'25 and 9'0 ; of aperture, 9'5 and 8*25. Max. lat. of shell, 5'0 and 3'75 ; lat. of aperture at middle part, TO and TO mm. Off Cape 8an Antonio, 1002 fins.; Station 5, 229 and 152 fms ; Station 2, 805 f« thorns, Guiibbrnn. VOL V ARIA. 51 Notwithstanding the differences above indicated by extreme specimens, the shells appear to grade into one another and to approach very closely the old M. avena of Valenciennes, of which indeed this may be but an abyssal race ; but of the latter I have no typical specimens, and it is described as having color- bands. In view of the great number of closely allied forms of this group, without such specimens it would be rash to consolidate. Another form with the spire almost lost (from Yucatan Strait, 640 fms., and Station 2, 805 fms.), of a yellowish white tinge, strongly resembles d'Orbigny's M. triplicala, which I take to have been founded on an abnormal specimen, and might be thought a pale race of Volvarina varia, but I am not at all sure that it is not an extreme form of the preceding. I quote Mr. Ball's description of the above varieties in full, as they are unfigured, and are deep-sea forms; they are doubtless varieties only, as suspected by Mr. Dall. M. PATAGONICA, Martens. PI. 13, fig. 40. White, with two wide light rosy bands ; columella with four plications, the lower the strongest. Length, 18 mill. East Coast of Patagonia— 60 fathoms. M. PHILIPPINARUM, Redfield. PI. 13, tig. 6; PI. 2, fig. 9. Yellowish white, with three rather broad darker bands ; columella four-plaited. Length, -5-'65 inch. Philippines. M. EXILIS, Gmelin. PL 13, tigs. 7,9, 10,11,96,97; PI. 12, fig. 59. Yellowish white, without bands, or three-banded with light chestnut. Length, 10 mill. W. Africa, Mogadore to Senegal; West Indies. A more ventricose, shorter species than some of those which precede it. It is the M. triticea of Lamarck (fig. 7), M. monilis of Wood, not Linn. M. epigrus, Reeve (fig. 9), is supposed by Mr. Redfield to be the young of this species. M. tribalteata, Reeve (fig. 11), and M.fusca, Sowb, (figs. 96, 97)— a West Indian shell, are synonyms. I am inclined to place here, as a not fully grown shell, M. Benguelensis, Jouss. (PI. 12, fig. 59 ; PI. 13, fig. 10), from Benguela. M. Jousseaumi, Rochbrune, from the Cape Verd Islands, is also a synonym. 52 VOLVARIA. M. MEDIOCTNCTA,E. A. Smith. PL 13, figs. 12, 13. White, with two broad light chestnut bands ; columella four- plaited. Length, 6 '5 mill. Cape Verd Is. The coloring is above and below the middle, covering the body-whorl except a central white zone. M. Bouvieri,Jousse&ume (fig. 13), is a synonym. M. RUBELLA, C. B. Adams. PL 13, figs. 14, 15. Rosy white, with three faint rose-colored bands ; columella four-plaited. Length, 8-11 mill. Jamaica and St. Thomas, W. I. M. navicella, Reeve (fig. 15), is a synonym. M. T^NTATA, Sowb. PL 13, figs. 16, 17. Whitish or 3rellowish white, with sutural, median and basal bands of yellowish brown, and a narrower band of the same color between the last two ; sometimes the coloring is roseate, and occasionally a pair of proximate narrow lines take the place of a broad band. Length, 12-15 mill. Cape Verd Is ; West Indies. Very like M. avena, YaL, and may be only a variety of that species ; its distinctive characters being a shorter spire and the additional narrow band. M. Verdensis, E. A. Smith (fig. '17 , is identical with this species. M. CESSACI, Rochbrune. Elliptical, shining, thick ; spire short, conical, obtuse ; aperture long and narrow, a little dilated above ; lip thick ; columella four-plaited ; wine-red with a livid band at the top of the whorl. Length, 11 mill. Hab. Cape Verd Island*. Seerns to be very closely allied to M. tseniala. The work containing the figure of this species, arrived too late to have it illustrated in the Manual. M. OBSCURA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 22. Yellowish white, faintly four-banded, the bands terminating in spots on the margin of the lip. Length, 9 mill. Habitat unknown* VOL V ARIA. 53 M. SECALINA, Phil. PL .13, figs. 18-21. Yellowish or brownish white, more or less obscurely three- banded. Length, 10 mill. Mediterranean Sea. M. Galamelij Jousseaume (fig. 18), from Algiers, is made a synonym by Dr. Weinkauff, who has quoted it as an example of his var. bizonata. The banding, however, is more or less visible on all specimens, and his variety is not entitled to be so con- sidered. M. rufescens*, Reeve vfig. 19 , is another probable synonym. M. Lienardi, Jousseaume, said to come from Mauri- tius, and Isle of Bourbon, is founded on two of Sowerby's figures of this species. M.INFANS, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 23. Transparent white, mostty encircled by two faint brown lines; columella four-plaited. Length, 5 mill. Singapore; Tasmania. Erato pellucida, Tenison-Woods, from the latter locality, is an unfigured species, but the description as well as specimens before me agree very well with M. infant*. M. ATTENUATA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 24. Yellowish white, body-whorl slightly attenuated below, lip nexuous, columella obliquely four-plaited. Length, 8 mill. Sydney, New South Wales. This is the M. translucida of Weinkauff and of some Austra- lian collectors ; the true translucida is a very different species. M. HETEROZONA, Jousseaume. ' PL 13, fig. 25. Vitreous white, with an obsolete central brown band. Length, 5 mill. Habitat unknown. M. CYLINDRICA, Sowb. PL 13, fig. 2(i. Yellowish white, with broad and narrow darker bands, irreg- ular in number ; columella three-plaited. Length, 6-T mill. St. Thomas, West Indies. M. PEASII, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 27. Milk-white, very obscurely three-banded with fulvous. Length, 10 mill. Kingsmill Is., Polynesia. This species has been unfortunate in its names : it was first described by Pease as M. cylindrica. but as that name was preoc- • >4 VOLVAR1A. cupied by Sowerby, Reeve changed it as above, and Pease subse- quently, unaware that Reeve had already proposed a substitute, called it M. polita — a name which was already used by Carpenter. M. PAUMOTENSIS, Pease. PI. 13, fig. 28. White, with three very faint yellowish bands ; columella three- plaited. Length, 5 mill. Paumotus Is. M. CALEDONICA, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 31. White, very obscurely bifasciate with yellowish brown ; col- umella three-plaited. Length, 7 mill. New Caledonia. I have not seen a specimen of this shell, but the figure is so close to M. Paumotensis, Pease, that I suspect it will prove to be synonymous with that species. M. CORUSCA, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 29. Transparent, horny, livid, very faintly two-banded with chest- nut ; columella four-plaited. Length, 5 mill. Singapore. M. BAZINI, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 30. Vitreous white, subpellucid, with a fuscous line above ; col- iimella four-plaited. Length, 5 mill. Habitat unknown. A species of very doubtful distinctness. M. SORDIDA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 32. Dull white ; columella three-plaited. Length, 7 mill. Habitat unknown. This, like the last, may be identified with several different species. M. BULLULA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 33. Transparent white, glassy ; columella four-plaited. Length, 6 mill. .Borneo. It is difficult to say wherein M. Paumotenxis, Pease, differs from this species. M. FASCFATA, Sowb. PL 13, fig 34. Yellowish white, banded with light brown, edged with darker brown, forming spots on the margin of the lip ; columella strongly four-plaited. Length, f mill. Locality unknown. VOL V ART A. 55 Jousseaume changed the name to M. rubrofasciata, on account of Persicula fasciata, Schum., which is a synonym of M. per- sicula, Linn. I have no authentic specimen of this species ; it needs to be compared with M. mastelina, Angas. M. BAYLEI, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 35. Bulliform, opaque ; luteous white ; columella three-plaited. Length, 12 mill. Locality unknown. M. GRACILIS, C. B. Adams. PL 13, fig. 36. White, three-banded with chestnut. Length, 6*5 mill. West Indies. Prof. Adams did not illustrate his species, but the description so completely agrees with Reeve's figure of M. bibalteata, that I think Mr. Redfield is correct in making the latter a synonym. M. ALBOLINEATA, d'Orb. PL 13, fig. 37. White, more or less broadly three-banded with bright chest- nut ; sometimes the bands are so broad that the shell appears to be chestnut-colored with two white bands. Length, 6-t mill. West Indies, Lower California. M. Delessertiana, Recluz, an unfigured species, said to come from Mauritius, resembles this species, but cannot be positively identified with it. The shell which Weinknuff figures for M. Dele user tiana, and which comes from Guadeloupe, W. I., is a M. albolineata. This is the M. varia, Sowerby, of Carpenter and Cali fora ian conchologists. Carpenter says that it is not to be distinguished from some West Indian specimens of M. varia, but the fact is that M.varia is made up of two veiy distinct forms, namely M. albolineata, Orb., and M. avena, Val. — the latter has not been found on the West Coast of America. Unfigured and Undetermined Species. M. TENERA and M. INTERMEDIA of Menke. M. ASPHARI, Theobald. Undescribed. M. MICROSCOPICA, Tapparone-Canefri. Papuan Isles. M. TRIDENTATA, M. SUBBULBOSA, M. ALB1DA, M. CYMBALUM, M. DEN- TICULATA, Tate. All from South Australia. M. VITTATA (name preoccupied"1, M. ALBESCENS, Hutton. Both from New Zealand. M. TANTILLA and M. LEPIDA, Gould. China Sea. ;>«'> VOL V Alt I A. M. SEMINULA, Gould. Cape of Good Hope. M. SPILOTA, Ravenel MS. Southern Coast United States. M. ALLPORTI, M. MINUTISSIMA, M. STANISLAUS, Tcnison- Woods. Tasmania. M. PALLIDULA and M. FULGENS, Danker. Upolu. M. MORCHII, Redfield (M. coniformis, March, preoccupied). Puntas Arenas, W. Co. Central America. M. ALBANY ANA, Gaskoin. Albany, E. Coast of Africa. M. QUADRIFASCIATA (Kabenda, W. Co. Africa), M. NANA, M. PERLA, M. CALLOSA (Red Sea), AJarrat. M. WARRENII, Marrat. A two-banded shell, 20 mill. long. Col- lected by Capt. Warren in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, or — if the latitude and longitude are correctly given — upon the adjacent Canadian territory. It is safe to say that no such species lives in that vicinity or within some hundreds of rniles of it. M. CHEMNITZII, Dillwyn. Bleached specimen. M. ANNA, Jousseaume. New Caledonia. M. WATSONI, Dall. Shell short, stout, white or yellowish white, polished, five- whorled ; suture marked under the glaze with a darker trans- lucent line ; apex obtuse ; in adults the nucleus is obscured by the glaze, in young specimens it presents no differences from the rest of the shell ; last whorl shouldered roundly, forming a rounded angle at the posterior part of the outer lip ; aperture narrow, labrum and labium nearly parallel ; pillar with four clearly cut folds, the anterior continued around the margin of the canal, slightly flaring, to join the outer lip ; the latter slightly thickened iitside, with about a dozen rounded denticulations, outwardly little or not at all reflected, joining the body behind at an acute angle. Long, of shell, 9'5; of last whorl, 8-0; of aperture, 7'5. Lat. of shell, 6*0; of aperture, 1*5 mm. OS Havana, 480 fms.; Station 2, 805 fms.; Bed of the Gulf Stream (Pourtales), 447 fms.; Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. This species resembles M. ritrea, Hinds, from West Africa, in general shape, but that species is smaller and has the outer lip not denticulated. M. Watsoni has the facies of a deep-water shell, and does not appear to agree exactly with «ny I find figured (Dall). YUIA'AKTA. 57 M. FUSINA, Dall. Shell ovate-fusiform, with the spire nearly as long as the aperture, polished waxen white, five-whorled ; whorls of the spire well marked and rotundate though covered with a trans- parent glaze ; suture distinct ; apex rounded ; lines of growth perceptible under the glaze, especially near the suture on the last whorl ; aperture short, lunate, with no posterior angle in the outer lip, which gently rounds to the body-whorl before and behind ; outer lip a little thickened inside, simple, not reflected ; folds four, the two anterior ones very oblique and close together ; canal not flaring, short, and not twisted backward. Long, of shell, 8-0 ; of last whorl, 6*0 ; of aperture, 4'5. Max. lat., 4*0 ; lat. of aperture, 1-5 mm. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. This has somewhat the shape of Marginella nodata, in a gen- eral way, but is more evenly fusiform, and quite peculiar in its even taper, which does not seem to be ascribed to any other species (Dall). M. SEMINULA, Dall. This species differs from the last by its proportionally shorter spire containing one less whorl ; by the less distinctly marked suture ; by the shouldering of the last whorl which angulates the outer lip in adult specimens, the lip in this vicinity being generally much thickened and slightly reflected, somewhat pro- duced in the middle, and thinning towards the distinctly flaring canal ; the columellar folds are more evenly separated and the canal is slightly recurved. In other respects it resembles M. fusina. Long, of shell, 7*0 ; of last whorl, 5*62 ; of aperture, 5'12. Lat. of shell, 3*5 ; of aperture, 1'25 mm. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. There is some variation in size and in the way in which the outer lip is thickened in different individuals. The shape is not far. from that of M.f estiva. The measurements are of the largest of several specimens (Dall). M. YUCATECANA, Dall. Shell with three and a half to four whorls, smaller than the last and the adult specimens proportionally more slender and of a .~>X Yni.YAHIA. distinctly different shape ; but some of the younger specimens of M. tteminnla, before they have put on the lip-callus audits angulation, appear much more similar, and suggest that the range of variation may be wide enough to cover both. The present form, with a proportionately shorter spire and longer and wider aperture, hns an evenly rounded outer lip and body- whorl ; which recalls M.fusina. Its chief differences from M. #<>minnla consist in those features which accompany the should- ering of the whorls and the thickening of the outer lip, which in this form seems to be always evenly rounded, arched forward, and hardly thickened ; it is slightly but distinctly reflected, and the canal is slightly recurved. Long, of shell, 5'62 ; of last whorl, 50; of aperture, 4'0. Lat. of shell, 3'0 ; of aperture, 1-37 mm. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. M. TORTICULA, Dall. Shell slender, shining, grayish waxen white, of about five whorls ; spire roundly pointed, slender, covered in the adult with a complete coat of translucent glaze almost obscuring the sutures ; last whorl somewhat appressed between the junction of the outer lip and the suture ; turns somewhat laxly coiled ; surface per- fectly smooth ; axis laterally curved, with the convexity to the left, so that the spire and the canal both point to right of a straight line when the shell is in its natural position ; aperture long and narrow ; columella with four very oblique folds, of which the one behind the anterior fold is a little the most prominent ; outer lip simple, not reflected, slightly thickened, and produced posteriorly, inwardly convex and externally concave in correspondence with the bent axis ; aperture widest anteriorly, making the canal very open ; no callus on the body-whorl, which is joined by the outer lip at an exceedingly acute angle. Long, of shell, 11-5; of last whorl, 9*75 ; of aperture, 8'0 ; Max. lat. of shell, 3'75 ; medium lat. of aperture, 1-0 mm. Station, 5, Lat. 24°1 5', Long. 76°4fl'.5, in 220 and 152 fms., soft coral ooze, West Indies. The only shells normally arcuated in this manner which occur to me are some species of Eulimn. The twist gives the shell a very peculiar and highly characteristic appearance (Dall). OLIVID.^, OLIVINyE. 51) Family OLIYID^E. Animal with a recurved siphon, and voluminous foot, its lobes usually reflexed over the sides of the shell, and fissured on each side in front. Dentition l-l-l,the rhachidian teeth broad, the laterals versatile. Operculum corneous, small, present or wanting. Shell brilliantly colored, porcellanous, without epidermis, the columellar lip, sutures and spire more or less covered with a callous deposit ; outer lip simple, aperture obliquely notched below. Subfamily Olivinae. — Head and tentacles more or less con- cealed ; mantle with a tapering lobe in front, and an appendage behind which reposes in the channeled suture. The operculum is present in Oliurlla, absent in Oliva. Shell solid, smooth, subcylindrical ; sutures channeled; inner lip more or less plicate anteriorly. Several figures of the animals of Oliva are given on PL 1 ; also the animal without its shell, PI. 3, fig. 31 ; anatomy, PL 3, fig. 21. For explanation of the latter see Reference to Plates. Subfamily Ancillariinse. — Head concealed ; eyes none ; tenta- cles rudimentary ; mantle with a tapering lobe in front ; foot voluminous, bifid behind, shield-grooved on the upper surface, side-lobes not much produced. Operculum small, ovate, acute, sometimes entirely wanting. Shell usually polished ; sutures covered by callus ; whorls smooth ; aperture effuse, the columella variously grooved and twisted in front. Subfamily Harpinse. — Head and tentacles exposed ; eyes con- spicuous ; mantle simple, enclosed, without a tapering appendage in front ; foot large, flat, not reflexed on the sides of the shell. No operculum. Shell large, ventricose, longitudinally ribbed ; columellar lip without anterior plications or grooves. Subfamily OLIVINAE. Synopsis of Genera. OLIVELLA, Swainson. Animal without tentacles or eyes ; mantle with a large frontal lobe ; foot not very voluminous, truncate behind, the shield narrow, the side- lobes small and acute. Operculum horny, thin, half ovate, with apical 60 OLIVJN^E. nucleus. Shell oliviform, polished ; spire produced, acute, suture canal- iculated ; aperture narrow behind, enlarged anteriorly ; coluraella plicated in front, callous posteriorly. Dentition, PI. 12, fig. 14. OLIVA, Brug. Tentacles enlarged at the base ; mantle with a posterior filament lodged in the channeled suture of the spire ; foot long and acuminate behind, shield with the side-lobes tapering, acute, small. Operculum none. Shell oblong, subcylindrical, polished ; spire short, conic ; suture canaliculated ; aperture long and narrow, anteriorly widely notched ; < olumella obliquely plicate, sulcate or striate in front, posteriorly callous ; outer lip simple. Dentition, PI. 2, fig. 12. Subgenus LAMPRODOMA, Swainson. Spire acuminate, elevated, suture canaliculated ; inner lip simple poste- riorly, but regularly numerously plicate anteriorly, the plicae more transverse than in the typical group. Subgenus CALLIANAX, H. and A. Adams. Shell swollen, ovate, with short conical spire and channeled sutures ; aperture wide, effuse in front ; inner lip with a very thicTc, defined callus, and a few, frequently indistinct, anterior plaits. Subgenus AGARONIA, Gray. Shell thin, oliviform, but a little effuse anteriorly ; spire acuminate, suture channeled ; aperture rather wide, effuse anteriorly ; columella not thickened posteriorly, tumid, with a few oblique plaits in front, Operculum distinct. Tortoliva, Conrad ; T. Texana, Cour. (PI. 3, fig. 30), is a synonym of Agaronia. It is an eocene fossil from Texas. Dentition, PI. 2, fig. 13. Subgenus OLIVANCILLAUIA, d'Orbigny. Head and tentacles concealed; mantle with a large, thick, fleshy appendage behind, partly covering the spire ; foot very voluminous, truncate posteriorly, shield with the side-lobes very large and rounded. Operculum present, small, half ovate, with subapical nucleus. Shell smooth, wide oblong, last whorl swollen ; spire very short, the suture not canaliculated to the apex ; aperture rather large and wide, inner lip somewhat tortuous, with a large callosity behind, incurved in the middle, and two or three ooli-que anterior plaits. The last three subgenera appear to connect the typical Olives with the Ancillariaa, in a regular series of stages of both animal and shell, as well as in the presence 01 an operculum. PLOCHEL^BA, Gabb Shell olive-shaped, suture nearly obsolete as in Ancillaria ; aperture linear, deeply and obliquely notched at the base, as in Dibaphus ; outer lip thickened internally in the middle ; inner lip callous and having several transverse folds, of which the upper are the smallest; columella strongly recurved at the base. P. crassilabra, Gabb. PI. 3, fig. 22, Tertiary, W. ANCILLARIIN.E, HARPING. 61 Subfamily ANCILLARIIN^E. MONOPTYGMA, Lea. Shell with elevated spire and callous columella, the latter with a snbcentral conical tooth like callous projection. M, Alabamiensis, Lea (PL 3, fig. 23 >, Eocene, Alabama. AKCILLARIA, Lam. Shell oblong or subcylinarical, thick and smooth in the typical species ; body- whorl usually swollen, sutures covered by enamel ; aperture broadly effuse below ; columella typically not umbilicated, with a few oblique anterior plaits. The revolving basal groove ends occasionally in a slight anterior labral projection or tooth. The shell may be distinguished from the Olives by the spire being covered with callus in the former, whilst in the latter the suture is canaliculate. Ancillopsis, Conrad (A. scamba, PI. 3, fig. 26 ; A. altile, PL 3, fig. 27), is a synonym of AncMaria. The types are eocene fossils from Alabama, Dentition, PI. 2, figs. 15, 16. Subgenus OLIVULA, Conrad. Shell decussated by distinct, close longitudinal and revolving striae ; spire covered by a longitudinally striate callous deposit, forming a raised band upon the suture of the body-whorl ; aperture posteriorly channeled. Fossil only. 0. staminea, Conr., Eocene, Ala. iPl. 3, figs. 24, 25). Subgenus ANOLACIA. Gray. Shell oblong-ovate, thin ; body-whorl swollen, irregularly covered wuh slight revolving striae ; spire very s! ort, callous. The thinness of the shell, form of body-whorl and short shouldered spire remind one of the genus Cymba. Subgenus DJPSACCUS, Klein. Shell solid, polished ; columellar lip twisted, separated from the body- whorl by a tortuous fissure, opening into the umbilicus above ; outer lip with a slight tooth in front. Subfamily HARPIN.K. HARP A, Lam. Shell oval, the body-whorl very vetitricose ; spire very short, with acute apex ; whorls longitudinally plicated at intervals, the plications ending in isharp points on the shoulder ; aperture oblong, large, broadly emargi- nate below ; columella without folds. No operculum. Dentition, PL 2, fig. 17. The figure, copied from Troschel, is from a young Harpa only an inch in length, and the lingual ribbon is in this genus very minute compared with the size of the animal. Troschel was not able to see any lateral teeth, but Macdonald, who only observed them towards the posterior extremity, records that they are very similar to those of Olira. Other observers have not found a trace of lingual armature, and it is possibly only developed in the young animal. (12 OLIVIN.E. Subfamily OLIYIN^E. Four illustrated monographies of the Olives have been pub- lished. The earliest one is that of Duclos, forming part of Chenu's " Illustrations Conchyliologiques ;" next followed Reeve, in the " Conchologica Iconica," vol. vi, issued in 1851. In 1870-tl F. P. Marrat contributed an elaborate monograph to Sowerby 's "Thesaurus Conchyliorum," beautifully illustrated by Mr. Sowerby. Mr. Marrat, who does not believe in species, has, unfortunately , in this group as in Nassa, illustrated his views by naming and describing a number of forms which certainly are not species. Sowerby, in the reference to Plate 1, says : " Mr. Marrat 's intention is rather to produce evidence than to decide upon the value of specific differences. In his study of affinities, he has been led to register, and nominally to admit, as species many forms which will perhaps appear to readers, as they do to the editor, quite undistinguishable." The latest and best mono- graph is that of Dr. H. G- Weinkauff, completed in 1878, and forming a portion of Kiister's " Conchy lien Cabinet." Dr. Wein- kauff also published a systematic catalogue of the species, in the " Jahrbiicher der Deutsch. Malak. (resell., " in which he attempts to arrange the species in accordance with their natural affinities and to separate them into groups — which appear to possess some value. I have mainly followed this catalogue in the present monography ; adding, however, a number of specific names overlooked by Weinkauff'. H. and A. Adams and Dr. J. E. Gray have 'both proposed elaborate series of genera and snbgenera of the Olivinae ; most of them, whilst serving to separate specified types, failing en- tirely to furnish distinctive characters for other species which are intermediate in form. Such names will be registered in my synonymic index, scarcely requiring more particular mention here. I have reversed the usual order of succession of the groups by commencing with the smallest species of the Olives, and proceeding through the Ancillariae to the Harp-shells : my motive for this is to place next in succession to the Marginellae those shells which, in size at least, most nearly approach them. The Olives are exclusively tropical animals. OLIVELLA. ()3 A number of fossil species have been described ; they com- mence in the Eocene period. The mantle of the Olive is small, its edges applied to the margin of the aperture, and terminating in a posterior filament which, coiling in the channeled suture of the spire, appears to be useful in keeping the mantle in place. The sides of the foot are wide and reflected more or less on each side over the back of the shell. As in some other mollusks having similarly formed shells, the animal possesses the power of absorbing away the earlier volutions in order to make space for its growth ; it also protects the at first very thin embryonal whorls by internal cal- cification, so that the extreme tip of the spire becomes solid. At Mauritius, Olives are fished with a line having three or four strings attached, each baited with pieces of fish. This line is thrown into the sea and allowed to remain until the mollusks have become well settled to their feast, and then drawn in. The Polynesian Islanders use the smaller species extensively for the manufacture of ornaments such as bracelets, girdles, etc., piercing them at the spire and then stringing them. They prefer pure white shells for this purpose, and cause the colored markings to disappear by application of heat. Mr. John Brazier, of Sydney, Xew South Wales, has recent^ sent me specimens of the beautiful 0. A iixtralis, thus treated by the natives of Xew Guinea — they might readily be mistaken for a distinct species. Oliwlla Uplicata, Sby., appears to have been used as money by the Californian Indians, under the name of col-col, and is still manufactured into necklaces by them.* Genus OLIVELLA, Swa;nson. Ohvella is distinguished from Oliva by the small size of its shell and more produced spire, by the presence of a large, thin, horny operculum, and the want of eyes. Dr. Paul Fischer has recently attempted to show that another distinction arises from the absorption of the internal whorls of the shell, in the Olirella, as in Auricula, this absorption not taking place in the typical Olives ; however, in 0. reticularis I have found the interior walls absorbed away so that veiy little of their substance remains, Steams, Am. Natuialist, xi, 344. l')4 OI.IVKLLA. and I presume that it will prove to be the fact that all shells with close volutions are similarly absorbed internally. The Olivelhxj affect sandy localities, burying themselves beneath the surface, upon which they leave no trace. D'Orbigny has observed 0. Trhuelcharia suddenly expand the lobes of its foot, and using them to beat the water like the wings of the pteropods, shoot rapidly through the element. I follow Weinkauff in considering Lamprodoma and CalHanax subgenera of Oliva, but I cannot follow him in dividing what is left of OlivrUa into three groups characterized by the extent :ind thickness of the columellar callus ; that character being decidedly of gradual development through the series of species. O. VERREAUXT, Ducros. PI. 14, fig. 41, 42. Purplish white or yellowish white, with distant, longitudinal, zigzag purple stripes. Length, 5-7 mill. Wi'*t Indie* The spire is more produced than in the usual form of 0. nitidula, the stripes are larger and more distant, there are no traces of bands and it has not the fasciculated markings at the suture and base so common in nitidula ; still, it is possibly a variety of that protean species. It is the 0. mutica of Reeve, in part, and probably 0. mica, Duclos (fig. 42) ; the latter name has priority, but the identification is not certain. O. MUTICA, Say. PI. 14, figs. 43-55. White, yellowish, bluish ash or deep chocolate, when very dark, the color results from the coalescence of three bands of chocolate-brown, which appear upon the lighter colored, typical specimens ; these bands vary in width, the centre one being usually. the broadest; sometimes they are all so broad as to appear to be the ground-color, the narrow interspaces forming two white bands. The spire is produced. Length, 10-16 mill. North Carolina to West Indies. With the typical form I unite 0. pusilla, Marrat (figs. 45, 46), and 0. rufifasciata, Reeve (fig. 47). Var. NITIDULA, Dillwyn. Figs. 48-55. Spire shorter, shell comparatively wider, bands very faint or obsolete; yellowish or pink-brown with a chocolate or chestnut band at the suture and another bordering the fasciole ; these OF TBE '* A UNIVERSITY bands, in fine specimens, give rise to or^Etrak lip Tflfo fascicles of brown stripes, which are either short, or connected in a zig- zag manner over the body-whorl. Length, 10 mill. South Carolina to Brazil. Ordinarily the distinction of form and coloring serves perfectly to distinguish this from the typical form, yet there occur, although not plentifully, intermediate shells. The stumpy shape of 0. nitidula is accompanied by a heavy deposit of callus on the colu- mella, which does not occur in the typical form : very probably this difference in growth is due to the surroundings of the mollusk. There is great variation in the development of denticles upon the columella in both forms, these being few or obsolete in some specimens and very numerous in others, occupying nearly the whole length of the inner lip. The following appear to be syno- nyms of the variety : O. zigzag, Duclos (figs. 50, 51), 0. fimbriata, Reeve (fig. 52), 0. micula, Marrat (fig. 53), 0. miliola, d'Orb. (fig. 54), which appears to be the young, and 0. strigata, Reeve (fig. 55). 0. MANDARINA, Duclos. PI. 14, figS. 56, 5t. Spire rather elevated, inner lip with a strong callous deposit above, extending upwards to the spire ; yellowish white, painted with zigzag longitudinal brown stripes, sometimes spotted or fasciculated below the suture. Length, 10 mill. China. I am not acquainted with this species ; it appears to be nearly allied to the preceding, but of more solid build. The locality has not been confirmed, and the more recent monographs have simply copied Duclos. 0. Tunguina, Duclos (fig. 57), is evidently a synonym, but Marrat has erroneously identified with it a specimen of the typical 0. mutica. O. ROSALINA, Duclos. PI. 14, figs. 58-60. Shell flesh-color with distant zigzag brown markings ; colu- mella tinged with rose-color. Length, Y mill. West Indies. I am unacquainted with this species, which, except in its columella being colored, does not seem to differ from 0. Verreauxi, Ducros. 0. Sowerbyij Ducros (fig. 59), and 0. Volutelloides , Marrat (fig. 60), are synonyms. 66 OLIVELLA. O. PETIOLITA, Duclos. PI. 14, figs. 61-63. Yellowish white, fasciculated and reticulated with chestnut- color, and with a narrow chestnut revolving band upon the fasciole. Length 12-18 mill. West Coast of America, from Panama to Mazatlan. Much resembles large specimens of 0. mutica, Say, var. nitidula, from the West Indies ; but the markings in the typical specimens are irregularly reticulated instead of zigzag. I unite with it O.intorta, Carpenter (fig. 62), and 0. mica, Marrat, not Duclos (fig. 63). Yar. AUREOCINCTA, Carp. Having an orange zone beneath the suture, appearing purplish within the aperture. This zone is probably made up of fasciculations worn yellowish on a beach-rolled specimen. I have not seen an authentic example of it and it has not been figured. O. TERGINA, DUCIOS. PI. 14, fig. 67. Marked like Q.petiolita, but more vividly ; distinguished from it by its swollen, blunt spire, and by being somewhat more effuse at the base.. Length, 12-15 mill. Acapulco, Mazatlan. O. PLANA, Marrat. PL 14, fig. 64. Shell white, solid, with a heavy callous deposit on the inner lip. Length, 7 mill. Habitat unknown. This may be a white variety of the last species, perhaps ; it has no distinctive characters and might readily enter several species. O. ESTHER, Duclos. PL 14, figs. 65, 66. Shell heavy, with short spire, and strong callus on the upper part of the columella. Yellowish white, fasciculated with chest- nut at the suture, with a chestnut band upon the fasciole, and minute longitudinal zigzag markings of the same color upon the body-whorl. Length, 6 mill. Habitat unknown. A shorter, heavier form than O.petiolita, judging from the figure, yet doubtfully distinct : the shells usually known under OLIVELLA. 67 this name are certainly 0. pe.tiolita. 0. columba, Duclos (fig. 66), may be considered an uncolored variety of this species. 0. ZONALIS, Lam. PL 15, fig. 69. White, with three chestnut revolving bands, about same width as the interspaces. Length, 5-6 mill. Mazatlan. 0. zanoeta, Duclos (fig. 69), appears to be a larger specimen or magnified figure of this species. 0. COLUMELLARIS, Sowb. PI. 15, figs. 70-73. Acuminately ovate, the spire exserted, base broadly effused ; columellar lip with heavy callus extending to the top of the body-whorl; commencing at the suture are a number of close, fine, longitudinal striae, which extend longitudinally to near the centre of the body-whorl, where they become obsolete, and the rest of the whorl is polished ; spire and fasciole white, body- whorl almost covered by three broad chestnut or plum-colored bands, the two dividing interspaces of yellowish white being quite narrow. Length, 1£-15 mill. Payta, Peru, in floe sand at low water (Cuming); W. Columbia; Panama. 0. semistriata, Gray (fig. 71), 0. att^nuata, Reeve (fig. 72), and 0. affinis, Marrat (fig. 73), are synonyms. 0. NIVEA, Gmelin. PI. 15, figs. 74-88. Acuminately oblong, the spire much exserted ; body-whorl fasciculated with pink at the suture and at the border of the broad fasciole, with pink maculations, more or less distinct upon the intermediate surface. Length, *6-*9 inch. Bahamas ; West Indies ; Brazil. . Distinguished from 0. mutica, Say, by its larger size, more elevated spire, and (usually) maculated instead of zigzag mark- ings. The synonymy is enormous, including 0. eburnea, Lam., 0. parvula, Mart. (fig. 75), 0. oryza, Lam. (founded on immature, colorless examples), 0. Guildingi, Reeve (fig. 76), 0. monilifera, Reeve (fig. 77), 0. pulchella, Reeve (fig. 78), 0. dea'lbata, Reeve (fig. 79), 0. rubra, Marrat (fig. 80), 0. fulgida, Reeve (fig. 81), 0. inconspicua, Marrat (fig. 82), 0. Reevei, Ducros (fig. 83), 0. diadocus, Ads. and Reeve (fig. 84), 0. cuneata, Marr. (fig. 85), having a more than usually produced spire, 0. scurra, Marr. <)8 OLTVELLA. (fig. 86), with two revolving series of maculations, often seen upon immature specimens, 0. myriadina, Marrat, not Duclos (fig. 87), 0. miliacea, Marrat (fig. 88), and 0. lactea, Marrat. 0. MYRIADINA, DueloS. PI. 15, fig. 90. Spire prominent, showing six whorls ; pure white. Length, 3-4 mill. Panama, This is the smallest of the Olivellas, yet the number of whorls and form of the shell indicate maturity. Duclos gives no locality, but I venture to identify with his species the unfigured 0. incon- spicudi C. B. Ad., from Panama; a species which has been mis- understood by Marrat and Kiister — as has also been myriadina. 0. JASPIDEA, Gmelin. PL 15, figs. 91-94. Yellowish white, closely fasciculated with dark chestnut at the sutures, and frequently above the fasciole also ; intermediate surface closely reticulated and punctated, fasciole strigated with bright chestnut. Length, 12-18 mill. West Indies. 0. piperita, Marr. (figs. 93, 94), is based on water-worn specimens. O. TEHUELCHANA, d'Orb. PI. 15, figs. 95-97 ; PL 16, fig, 1 ; PL 1, fig. 6. Pellucid white, with an opaque zone at the suture. Length, 12-15 mill. San Bias, Patagonia. With this I unite 0. bullula, Reeve (fig. 1), said to be West Indian, and 0. pur a. Reeve (fig. 97). O. FLORALIA, Duclos. PL 15, fig. 98 ; PL 16, figs. 99, 100, 2,3. Shell narrow, with acuminated spire ; spire yellowish- or chestnut-tipped, body-whorl wrhite, or with nearly obsolete, distant chestnut zigzag markings. Length, 8-10 mill. West Indies. Distinguished from 0. jaspidea and 0. nivea by its narrow form and elongated spire. It is the 0. oryza of Duclos, not Lamarck, and 0. alba (fig. 98), and 0. elongata (figs. 99, 100), of Marrat. OLIVELLA. 09 O. LEPTA, Duclos. PI. 16, figs. 4-11 ; PL IT, fig. 52. Narrow, with elongated spire ; a narrow chestnut line or row of spots beneath the suture, a more distinct interrupted line at the margin of the fasciole, and the intermediate space with zigzag longitudinal lines, base of shell chestnut. Length, 8 mill. China Sea; Japan; Philippines. With this species I include 0. consobrina, Lischke (unfigured), 0. fabula, Marrat (figs. 5, 6 , 0. lanceolata, Rve. (figs. T, 8), 0. pulicaria, Marrat (fig. 9), 0. exilis, Marr. (fig. 10), O.fulgurata, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 11), and 0. pellucida, Rve. (fig. 52). 0. FORTUNEI, Adams. PI. 16, figs. 12-15. Widely fusiform, maculated or covered with zigzag longitu- dinal chestnut markings, fasciculated at the sutures. Length, 8 mill. China; Japan. Yery similar to the last species in markings, but differing in form. I can see no good reason to separate 0. pulchra, Marr. (fig. 14), a species described without locality, and I agree with Weinkauff that the unfigured 0. signata, Lischke, is also very closely allied. Perhaps 0. spreta, Gould, may belong here ; the author never figured it and the type, I suppose, was destroyed by fire, in Chicago ; I give a figure which E. A. Smith identifies with this species (fig. 15). 0. LEUCOZONIAS, Gray. PI. 16, figs. 16, IT. Orange-yellow, with zigzag chestnut lines and maculations, a white band at the suture, spotted with chestnut, and another white band below the middle of the shell. Length, 12-15 mill. Senegal. 0. ANAZORA, Duclos. PI. 16, figs 19-23. Markings similar to those of the two preceding species, with a form about intermediate between them. I am not able to give any better distinction than the very different locality; indeed, the probability is that the future conchologist, with specimens from more numerous stations, will be able to reduce the number of species of Olivella to a very few, each of them presenting certain types of variation in form and coloring. Length, 8-13 mill. Xipixapi, W. Columbia; Acapulco; Mazatlan. 70 OLIVELLA. With this I unite 0. pull a, Marr. (fig. 19), 0. versicolor, Marr. (figs. 20, 21), 0. compta, Marr. (fig. 22). 0. Capensis, Sowb. (fig. 23), said to come from the Cape of Good Hope, can only be separated by its doubtful locality. O. PUELCHANA, d'Orbiguy. PL 16, figs. 24, 25 ; PI. 1, fig. 1. Yiolet-brown, more or less maculated, with a narrow white band above the brown-tinted fasciole, and a wider band, macu- lated with brown, below the suture ; aperture dark-colored within. Length, 12-15 mill. San Bias, Patagonia (d'Orb) ; Carthagena, Centr. Am.? (Reeve). I fear that this is no more than an extreme color-variet}r of the preceding species. 0. cyanea, Reeve, is a synonym, not differing in any respect. O. UNDATELLA, Lam. PL 16, fig. 18 ; PL It, figs. 35-38 ; PL 33, fig. 31. Ash-gray, with zigzag chestnut markings, distinct or obsolete, but forming two well-marked revolving bands by the color becoming more emphasized ; a yellow band marked with chestnut beneath the sutures ; fasciole yellowish, strigated with chestnut ; interior and base of columella chocolate-colored. Length, -5-'8 inch. Panama t«» Mazatlan. The above description is that of the typical coloration, but the variation in color and markings is so great that it is wonderful that a number of species have not been separated from it. One of the principal variations is a pure white, with indefinite cloudings, maculations or zigzags of chocolate ; another white, with pink longitudinal zigzag markings, etc. Fig. 31 represents 0. nedulina, Duclos. 0. ORACiLis, Brod. and Sowb. PL 16, fig. 26 ; PL It, fig. 2t. Shell rather slender, with elevated spire, and somewhat effuse below ; yellowish fawn, with light chestnut zigzag markings and maculations. Length, '7-'9 inch. Mazatlan; Lower California. Distinguished from 0. Anazora, which inhabits the same region, by its more slender form, elevated spire, greater size and lighter color. 0. t^nu^s^ Marrat (fig. 27), is probably a juvenile of this species, OL1VELLA. 7 \ O. B^TICA, Carpenter. PL 17, figs. 28-31, 34. Spire moderately elevated, sharp-pointed, body-whorl oval; red-brown or gray, fasciculated upon a white band at the suture ; body-whorl maculated or with zigzag markings, and sometimes a white central band, fasciole white, tip of spire frequently dark- tinted. Length, *75-l inch. Coast of California. W. M. Gabb identifies this species with the post-pliocene 0. Pedroana, Conrad (fig. 30), which would have priority, if identical ; a still earlier published name is 0. alectona, Duclos (fig. 34), but I am not convinced that it is the same species. 0. nota, Marrat (fig. 31), said to come from Vancouver's Island, may be referred to the present species with more confidence. 0. bsetica, is a larger, somewhat more swollen form than 0. Anazora, but not very different. 0. BAMA, Mawe. PI. 17, fig. 39. Spire and fasciole j^ellowish white, the former ash-tipped, the latter sometimes bearing a band of chestnut maculations, body- whorl long-fasciculated at the suture and closely reticulated over the balance of the surface ; interior of aperture and columella violet. Length, *6-l inch. Guaymas, Mazatlan. This may prove to be a very solid variety of 0. bsetica, Carp., yet possesses distinctive characters in its solidity, shorter spire and violet aperture. O. PULCHELLA, DucloS. Pl.\17, fig. 40. A solid shell, sparingly marked with zigzag brown lines, and maculate below the suture. Length, *18 mill. Cape Blanco, W. Africa. A doubtful species from a doubtful locality. Weinkauff considers it identical with 0. leucozonias, Gray, with which it appears to me to have but little in common. To me it looks more like a worn specimen of 0. dama. 0. EXQUISITA, Angas. PI. 17, figs. 32, 33, 41. Brownish yellow, with three rows of rather distant irregular chestnut maculations, connected by undulating longitudinal lines, which cover the fasciole. Length, 8-12 mill. N. S. Wales, Australia. 72 I think it almost certain that 0. Brazieri, Angas (fig. 41), is merely a larger, less distinctly marked variety of the same species. 0. TRITICEA, Duclos. PL 17, figs. 42-44. Yellowish white, with three revolving rows of chestnut-brown maculations. Length, 10 mill. New Guinea (Duclos); Port Jackson, Australia, 5 fathoms (Ad. and Ang.). 0. pardalis, Adams and Angas (fig. 44), is a synonym. 0. LEUCOZONA, Ad and Ang. PI. 17, fig. 45. Yellowish brown, longitudinally reticulated with chestnut, with a bluish white band above the fasciole, tinged with chestnut at the base. Length, 15 mill. Port Jackson, Australia, 6 fathoms. Besides the difference in painting, this species has a longer spire and is larger than 0. triticea. O. NYMPHA, Ad. and Angas. PL 17, fig. 46. Spire elevated ; semipellucid white, with an opaque white band at the suture. Length, 10 mill. Port Stephens, N. 8. Wales, 5 fathoms (Angas); Mauritius (B. 8. Lyman); Sydney, N. S Wales, 25 fms. (Brazier). O. SIMPLEX, Pease, PL 17, figs. 47, 48. Pure white, shining. Length, 4-5 mill. Upolu and Tongataboo^ Polynesia. 0. nitens, Dunker (fig. 48), is a synonym. O. AUSTRALIS, Tenison-Woods. Australia. I have not seen the description of this species. It is unfigured. Genus OLIVA, Brug. Subgenus Lamprodoma, Swainsnn. I commence with this small group rather than with the typical Olives, because it appears to connect the latter with Olivella. Seven species are enumerated by Weinkauff, and one only of these has the characteristic numerous transverse ridges on the fasciole ; the others may be referred to Olivella. 0. volutella is found in vast numbers over many acres on the sandy beach west of the city of Panama; most numerous where the beach has a OLIVA. * 73 gentle slope midway between high- and low-water mark. Some time after the retreat of the tide, it is found crawling about with much vivacity on the wet sand. The shell, while the animal is moving, is wholly covered with the foot-lobes, and these are entirely concealed with a thick coat of sand. When the first wrave of the returning tide strikes them, washing off their coat of sand, they instantly bury themselves.* 0. VOLUTELLA, Lam. PI. It, figs. 49-51. Yellowish, bluish gray, chestnut- or chocolate-colored ; the spire and fasciole often }^ellowish and the body-whorl darker- colored ; the latter sometimes faintly marked with longitudinal zigzag strigations ; interior of aperture yellowish to chocolate- brown. Length, '15-1 '25 inches. Panama to Gulf of California. 0. rasamola, Duclos (fig. 51), and 0. selasia, Duclos, are syn- onyms ; the latter founded on a water-worn specimen. (Jenus OLIVA. (Typical.} The Olives form a very distinct group of mollusks, partaking in the form, and porcellanous coating of their shells, in the character of Cypraea on one side and the Volutes on the other side. Like most shells enveloped in the voluminous foot of the animal, the Oliva has no epidermis, and to the same circumstance is to be attributed the want of an operculum. The shell has an under layer with different pattern of coloring, but this is never exposed, unless in worn specimens, or else artificially by the aid of acids ; hence it is evident that, unlike the Cyprsea, which changes its pattern upon becoming mature, the two layers in Oliva are simultaneously produced at all stages of its growth. The Olives are tropical in distribution, the species usually being somewhat restricted in geographical area. They live on sandy flats, burrowing under the surface as the tide retires ; they are very active, moving with considerable quickness. Many of the species are immediately recognized by peculiar, unvarying patterns of coloring ; others, again, vary so greatly in this respect that it is almost impossible to define them satis- factorily. * Adams, Ann. N. Y. Lye., 281, 1852. 10 74 OLIVA. O. PORPHYRIA, Linn. PL 18. fig. 53. Flesh-color, angularly marked with some large, and many small, crowded, deep chestnut lines ; fasciole tinged with violet, with chestnut maculations ; interior of aperture and columella yellowish flesh-color. Length, 4 inches. Panama to Mazatlan. Sometimes very faintly, broadly two- or three-banded with bluish ash. 0. SPLENDIDULA, Sowb. PI. 18, fig. 54. Flesh-color, with two broad, interrupted brown bands composed of triangular markings and reticulations, the intermediate surface covered with fainter maculations and spots ; base tinged with violet, interior yellowish flesh-color. Length, 2 inches. Panama. O. PERUVIANA, Lam. PI. 18, figs. 55T58. Shell thick, gibbous, with sometimes a slightly angulated shoulder; flesh-color, covered with numerous chestnut spots, disposed to coalesce into close zigzag longitudinal markings, or into larger and more distant zigzags ; sometimes the markings are entirely absent, in others the entire surface is more or less covered with chestnut. Length, 2 inches. Peru aod Chili. O. EPISCOPALIS, Lam. PL 18, figs. 59, 60 ; PL 19r figs. 61-63. White, with chestnut spots and maculations having ash-colored shadings, and sometimes indistinct ashy bands ; interior of aperture deep violet. Length, 1*5 -2*25 inches. Indian Ocean; N. Australia; N. Caledonia to Central Pacific. Constantly distinguished by its violet interior. 0. lugubris, Lam. (fig. 60), is a dark-colored variety ; 0. quersolina (fig. 59), and 0. atalina, Duclos (fig. 62), are pale or faded specimens. 0. fulva, Marrat (fig. 63), is pink with light red spots and indistinct bands, roseate within the aperture: I agree with Dr. Weinkauff that it is probably only a variation of 0. epitcopalis. O. GUTTATA, Lam; PL 19, figs. 64-67. Cream- to flesh-color, with large or small bluish ash-colored spots varying to chestnut or shaded with both colors ; suture OLIVA. 75 and fascicle spotted or streaked with chocolate or violet ; interior of aperture orange-red. Length, l'5-2'25 inches. Indian Ocean, China, Philippines, Polynesia, Madagascar, Zanzibar. 0. cruenta, Sol., and 0. emicator, Meusch., have priority over 0. guttata, but the latter name is so well known that it seems inadvisable to change it. 0. mantichora, Duel. (fig. 67), is a monstrous condition of this species, not uncommon among Olives. 0. RUFULA, Duclos. PI. 20, fig. 79. Fawn-colored, crossed diagonally or transversely by dark chestnut bands formed by the coalescence of trigonal markings ; aperture white within. Length, 1 inch. Philippines, Moluccas. 0. TNFLATA, Lam. PL 19, figs. 68-70 ; PI. 20, figs. 71-76. Shell swollen, becoming gibbous in the middle in old specimens, the spire partially sunken below the edge of the body-whorl, the latter produced behind, with a heavy callous deposit ; outer lip sometimes enormously thickened ; fasciole with a heavy callous ridge, independent of the columellar plaits ; color white or yellowish, more or less dotted, blotched or banded, or lightning- streaked with brown-orange, chestnut, chocolate or bluish ash, sometimes variegated with two or three colors at once, sometimes almost or entirely covered with dark color, occasionally pure white ; aperture white within. Length, 1-5-2 inches. Red Sea; Ceylon; E. Africa; Madagascar; Seychelles. The variability of this species in coloring is exceedingly great. When old, the best characters are derived from the inflated form, sunken spire, callous thickenings and columellar ridge; but less developed specimens are so close to some of the succeeding species that their distinction appears to be somewhat doubtful. 0. lacertina, Quoy (figs. 75, 76), is a somewhat peculiarly colored young shell of this species ; I have a similar specimen before me. 0. TIGRINA, Lam. PL 20, figs. 77, 78, 80. Light yellowish or ash-color, profusely marked with small blue- gray spots, occasionally coalescing into short zigzags ; aperture and columella white within. Length, 1-75-2-25 inches. Ceylon; Java; Philippines; East Africa. 7C> OL1VA. The markings are similar to varieties of the preceding- species, from which it is somewhat doubtfully distinguished by its less inflated form, spire not so much sunken, fascicle without the callous ridge, etc. As in infiata, the color varies, but not so frequently, perhaps; I figure a dark-hued specimen (fig. 78). 0. glandiformis, Marr. (fig. 80), is at least identical as to the figure I copy ; the two additional figures given by Marrat appear to be more similar to 0. elegans, Lam. O. ELEGANS, Lam. PI. 20, figs. 81-83 ; PI. 21, figs. 84-88. Shell olive, or brownish yellow, closely covered with zigzag lines or punctations, or both, varying from chocolate to nearly black, and frequently shaded with orange, and bluish ash ; some- times there is an overlaid darker series of crowded zigzags forming two irregular bands, or even almost covering the shell ; fasciole tinged with saffron-color. Length, 1*5— 1*75 inches. Indian Ocean to Central Polynesia. Generally smaller, darker-colored and not so much inflated as 0. tiyrina, but I have hesitated long whether to treat it as a synonym of that species or as distinct ; its characteristics are certainly insufficient. I am compelled to place here as synonyms several so-called species which have heretofore been considered distinct, but the large number of specimens before me covers every grade of variation between them ; the tinted fasciole appears to be a feature common to all. These synonyms are 0. flava, Marr. (fig. 83), 0. infrenata, Marr. (fig. 84), and 0. Hemiltona, Duclos (fig. 85). Var. TRICOLOR, Lam. Figs. 8B-88. The zigzag painting is more or less broken up into spots, and is blue, olive or chocolate shaded with orange, disposed upon a light ground. This has usually been considered a distinct species, but is connected with the type by insensible gradations. 0. tringa, Duclos (fig. 88), is probably the young state. 0. CALOSOMA, Duclos. PI. 21, fig. 89. Pure white, or with slight indications of three bands composed of occasional triangular brown markings. Length, 27 mill. China. OL1VA. 77 O. AVELLANA, Lam. PI. 21, fig. 90. White, with short triangular reddish markings, forming two interrupted bands; aperture white within. Length, 30-40 mill New Guinea. 0. LECOQUIANA, Ducros. PI. 21, figs. 92, 93 ; PL 33, fig. 30. Shell marked and banded with chocolate-colored triangular markings, as in 0. elegans, the fasciole similarly stained with saffron-color ; form somewhat more bulbous ; interior of aperture violaceous. Length, 35 mill. China The colored aperture is the best distinctive character. 0. x/w/h's, Marrat (fig. 92), appears to be a minor form of this species; and 0. calosoma, Marr., not Duclos (fig. 30), is a still smaller form; 0. stellata, Duel. (fig. 93), may also probably be referred here. 0. BULBIFORMIS, Duclos. PL 21, figs. 94-96. Shell short and very bulbous, colored as in 0. elegans externally, but the interior of the aperture chocolate-brown, or violaceous brown. Length, 30 mill. Solomon Is.; Moluccas. The form is typically very distinct from all species related in external coloring, 3'et I fear that it will be found to graduate into the preceding species. O. FUNEBRALIS, Lam. PL 21, figs. 97-99 ; PL 22, figs. 100-5. Shell rather more cylindrical than the preceding species, with the usual color-markings of the group. It differs insufficiently from 0. Lecoquiana in the lower band of the fasciole being deeply strigated with chocolate ; aperture white or slightly bluish or chocolate within. Length, 1-1 '8 inches. Ceylon; Moluccas; New Guinea; Viti Islands. 0. leucostoma, Duclos (figs. 98, 99;,0. in ornata, Mar rat (fig. 100), 0. propinqua, Marrat (fig. 1) and 0. /^m,Marr. (fig. 2), probably, are synonyms. Yar. DACTYLIOLA, Duclos. Figs. 3-5. Shell smaller, more regularly marked with zigzag lines and spots. Length, -8-1 inch. To this form may be united 0. picta, Reeve (fig. 4), and probably 0. Nanda, Marr. (fig. 5). 78 OLTVA. O. MUSTELLINA, Lam. PI. 22, figs. 6-14. Cylindrical, the aperture long and narrow, the spire very short, sharp-pointed; pale yellowish, covered with light chestnut ful- gurations, interior deep violet. Length, 1-1-25 inches. Singapore ; Japan. Distinguished at once by its cylindrical form, light coloring, and violet interior. The following ma}^ be considered synony- mous, being mostly slight variations in form, or dead and faded specimens: 0. caroliniana, Duclos (fig. 7), 0. anguxtata, Marr. (fig. 8), 0. Isevis, Marr. (fig. 9 , probably, 0. scitula, Marr. (fig. 10), 0. grata, Marr. (fig. 11), 0. Pacifica, Marr. (fig. 12), 0. arctata, Marr. (fig. 13), and 0. cana, Marr. (fig. 14). Possibly 0. neostina, Marrat, not Duclos, and 0. Jay ana, Ducros, also belong here. O. NEOSTINA, Duclos. PI. 22, figs. 15-20. Somewhat less cylindrical than 0. mustellina and larger ; color varying from light yellowish white to chocolate, the lighter varieties with zigzag brown lines ; aperture white or slightly bluish within. Length, 1 '25-1 '5 inches. Australia; New Guinea. This bears some resemblance to the preceding, and is more closely related to the following species, of which it may possibly be a minor variety. I am not at all satisfied as to its claim to distinctness. 0. Octauia, Duclos (fig. 15), is usually considered synonymous. O. MAURA, Lam. PI, 23, figs. 21-26 ; PL 1, fig. 5 ; PL 34, fig. 54. Light olivaceous, orange-brown, chestnut or chocolate, some- times nearly black, often more or less distinctly banded with lines of different shades of the same color, the lighter-colored specimens especially, frequently marked with chestnut zigzag lines and spots ; interior of aperture and columella white ; fasciole mostly colored with the prevailing tint. Length, l'75-2'25 inches. Indo^Pacific and Austro- Pacific Provinces. One of the commonest and most variable species of the genus. It may be distinguished from Q. tigrina, which it often resembles greatly in painting, by its larger siz.e and more cylindrical form. Fig. 26 represents 0. Ma.cleaya, Puclos, OLIVA. 79 0. SANGUINOLENTA, Lam. PL 23, figs. 27-29 ; PL 24, figs. 30,33. Cylindrically oblong, with short, partly sunken spire ; cream- color or light olive, covered with very numerous, generally minute and close zigzag chocolate lines and reticulations, and which often form a subsutural and a median band ; interior of aperture fleshy white ; columella and fasciole richly marked with orange- red. Length, 1-75-2-25 inches. Mauritius, Indian Ocean, Philippines, New Caledonia. The form is the same as in O. maura, but the very close, minute pattern of coloring and brilliant columella will distinguish it. 0. evania, Duclos (fig. 29), is a synonym, and 0. pindamella, Duclos (fig. 33), is believed to be a young, rubbed specimen of this species. 0. Keeni, Marrat (fig. 30), partakes of the characters of the next species, but its closest relationship is with 0. san- guinolenta. 0. IRISANS, Lam. PL 24, figs. 31, 32, 34-42 ; PL 25, figs. 43-49 ; PL 26, figs. 50-54 ; PL 27, figs. 55-60; PL 1, fig. 3. Shell flesh-colored, orange-brown or chocolate, with zigzag brown lines, shaded with ash and orange, and faintly or inter- ruptedly two-banded ; fasciole slightly tinged with orange ; interior of aperture white or flesh-color or faintly bluish. Length, 2-3 inches. Mauritius, Ceylon, Java, Philippines, Australia, Polynesia. Reeve, Marrat and Weinkauff have distinguished a number of species which I am compelled to treat as synonyms, because the large suite of specimens before me shows that these are partly merely transition forms and parti}' distinctions based on size only. A rather narrow cylindrical and small variety has been selected for 0. irisanx (figs. 34-36), and a larger growth, not so cylindrical, for 0. zeilanica. Lam. (fig. 37), with which 0. Phi- lantha, Duclos (fig. 38), is synonymous ; 0. galeola, Duclos (fig. 39), is also a synonym. Yar. CONCINNA, Marrat. Figs. 40-45. A somewhat smaller shell than 0. irisans, differing principally in the interior of the aperture being blue or violet. With this variet}*- must be united 0. cylindracea (fig. 42), 0. clara, (fig. 43), O. lignaria, (fig. 44), and O. ornata (fig. 45), all of Marrat. 80 OLIVA. Yar. TREMULINA, Lam. Figs. 46-52. This shows the same range of variation in color as the typical irisans, and only differs in its greater size and solidity. Length, 3'5-4 inches. The synonyms are 0. nobilis, Reeve (fig. 48), 0. tenebrosa, Marr. (fig. 49), O.fumosa, Marr. (fig. 50), and 0. olympiad ina, Duclos = 0. pica, Lam. (figs. 51, 52). Yar. ERYTHROSTOMA, Lam. PI. 1, fig. 3 ; PL 26, figs. 53, 54 ; PL 27, figs. 55-58; PL 34, fig. 53. Shell cream- or flesh-color, with violet or red zigzag longitu- dinal lines, which are Arery irregular and rather distant, and frequently shaded with orange ; there are two bluish violet interrupted bands ; interior of aperture bright orange-red. Length, 2-3 inches. Ordinarily the coloring of this form is sufficiently distinctive, so that I hesitated whether to give it specific or varietal rank ; I am induced to favor the latter because a number of specimens are before me which are intermediate between this and the last variety : thus, some have the external coloration of erythrostoma, more or less, with the aperture white within, others are colored like tremulina (some of them uniform dark chocolate), with the aperture varying from the faintest blush to deep orange-red. The sj'iionyms are 0. magnifica, Ducros = 0. tremulina (in part^, Marrat (fig. 54), 0. azemula, Duclos (fig. 55), 0. mazaris, Duclos (fig. 56), 0. sylvia, Duclos (figs. 57, 58), and 0. ponderosa, Duclos (PL 34, fig. 53), a thick-growing form. Yar. TEXTILINA, Lam. PL 27, figs. 59, 60. Cream-colored, very light yellowish or pink, closely reticulated by zigzag chestnut markings, usually forming a superior and a median band of darker reticulations ; aperture white or light flesh-color. Length, 2-3 inches. This is also typically a very distinct shell, in its close reticulated pattern and in the bands being formed of darker reticulations and not of markings confluent into blotches ; yet in some specimens these blotches appear, and in others they spread more and more so as to form a complete series from the type to the uniformly chocolate-colored shell ; on the other hand. OLIVA. 81 the reticulations become lighter, verging on pink, more sparse, and so merge into erythrostoma. In describing one of the varieties of this protean species, Weinkauff predicted that they would some day all " be placed in one basket ;" this I have been compelled to do ; but I have still retained as varietal the names of the principal forms. 0. ARANEOSA, Lam. PL 27, figs. 61, 62; PL 28, figs. 63-74; PL 29, figs. 75-83. Oval-cylindrical, a little constricted around the upper part of the body-whorl, and sometimes with a faintly angulated shoulder ; the spire prominent ; cream-color, overlaid with a closely reticu- lated pattern of brick-red to chocolate, and fasciculations of the same color at the sutures ; interior cream-white or lightly tinted blue or chocolate. Length, 1 '5-2*25 inches. Panama to Cape St. Lucas L. Gal. Is a larger, heavier, less cylindrical species than 0. reticularis of the West Indies — of which it is the West Coast representative: the two are very probably of common derivation. The figures cited by Lamarck well represent this species — which is better known under the name of 0. Melcliersi, Menke. Weinkauff having restored the Lamarckian name, I follow him, but would otherwise have hesitated to drop a well-known designation in favor of one which is in fact almost unknown. The other synonyms are 0. oblonga, Marr. (fig. 63), 0. Pindarina, Duclos (fig. 64), 0. subangulata, Phil. (fig. 65), an angulated form, 0. fuscata, Marr. (fig. 66), a dark variety, 0. oriola, Duclos (fig. 67), which is somewhat lighter than fuscata, 0. liarpularia, Lam. (fig. 68), described from a worn shell, 0. intertincta, Carpenter (fig. 69), a juvenile, and 0. violacea, Marrat (fig. 70). Var. VENULATA, Lam. Figs. 71-73. Shell shorter, more swollen around the upper part ; spire shorter ; painting usually darker, the reticulated pattern more or less broken up into nebulous spots. The synonyms are 0. punctata, Marr. (fig. 72), and 0. Pindarina, Marr., not Duclos (fig. 73). Var. JULIETTE, Duclos. PL 29, figs. 74-82 ; PL 21, fig. 91. Shell very bulbous, with short spire ; thick. Length, 2 inches. 11 82 OLIVA. Typical examples are so different in form from 0. araneosa, while the painting is more nebulous, that they would readily be distinguished as a species, but intermediate specimens are not wanting. This form also has several synonyms : 0. Timorensis, Duclos (figs. 15, 76), said to come from Timor — which is evidently an erroneous habitat ; one of these specimens is dark colored, resembling 0. Cicmingii, Reeve (fig. 77), which must also be considered a synonym. 0. Mariae, Ducros (fig. 78), is a small specimen apparently, of this species ; Kuster figures a larger shell under the same name (PL 21, fig. 91); 0. obesina, Duclos (fig. 79), 0. porcea, Marrat (fig. 80) and 0. graphica, Marr. (fig. 81), are also to be placed here ; and I am inclined to include 0. truncata, Marr. fig. 82), although it is said to come from the Cape of Good Hope. I believe this habitat to be erroneous ; moreover a specimen received from Mr. Marrat is undoubtedly a young Juliette. Var. POLPASTA, Duclos. Fig. 83. Light olive, the reticulations broken up into nebulous spots and occasional arrow-head markings ; the fasciculations at the sutures spread from centres at regular distances, between which the shell is colored yellowish white. Length, 1 '25-1*75 inches. The form is much like var. Juliettse, from which it is to be distinguished by its smaller size, darker color, and especially by its gay alternation of white spaces and fan-like chocolate fasciculations at the sutures — which are none of them stable characters. O. ANGULATA, Lam. PL 29, fig. 84. Ovate, ventricose, very thick, angularly swollen above the middle; ash-white mottled and spotted with olive and gray, and with occasional chestnut transverse streaks and zigzag markings; lip and columella flesh-pink. Length, 2'5-3'5 inches. Panama to Quay mas. The young shell is not angulated, and approximates to the last species in form, and somewhat in exterior coloring, but may be distinguished at once by the color of the columella and interior. 0. SCRIPTA, Lam. PL 30, fig. 85. Cylindrically oblong, spire rather short, columellar plaits OLIVA. 83 numerous ; yellowish brown, with pale chestnut zigzag markings and reticulations, and two bands of interrupted dark chestnut hieroglyphic figures ; bluish white within the aperture. Length, 1-5-2 inches. China, Australia. 0. FUSIFORMIS, Lam. PI. 30, figs. 86-89 ; PL 34, fig. 56. Shell thick, oval, swollen posterior^, the spire prominent ; white, with longitudinal zigzag chestnut figures, sometimes two banded, and sometimes the chestnut-color nearly covers the shell by the coalescence of the markings ; white within the aperture. Length, 1-5-2-25 inches. West Indies*. With this are to be united 0. obesina, Duel., O. Aldinia, Duclos (fig. 88), O. onisca, Duel. (fig. 87), 0. mercatoria, Marr. (fig. 56) — at least in part (one of his figures resembles 0. reti- cularis more closely), 0. bullata, Marr. (fig. 89), and 0. reclusa, Marr., the last two not fully grown. O. RETICULARIS, Lam. PL 30, figs. 90-95; PL 31, figs. 96-4; PL 34, fig. 57. White, with pink or chestnut zigzag longitudinal markings, and fasciculations of the same color around the suture ; some- times there are faint bands, and occasionally the whole surface is more or less covered with chestnut ; aperture white. Length, 1-5-2-25 inches. Florida, West Indies. Among the synonyms may be cited 0. ustulata. Lam. (fig. 92), O. tisiphona, Ducios (figs. 93, 57), 0. memnonia, Duel. (fig. 94), O. Sowerbyi, Marrat (fig. 95), O.figura, Marr. (fig. 96), 0. Bewleyi. Marr. (fig. 97), 0. Jamaicensis, Marr. (fig. 98), 0. hepatica, Marr. (not Lam.) = 0. bifasciataiWemk&uff (fig. 99), O.formosa, Marr. (fig. 100), 0. nivosa, Marr. (fig. 1). The white variety of the last is equivalent to 0. olorinella, Duclos (fig. 2), which Weinkauff has erroneously made a synonym of 0. ispidula, Linn. 0. brunnea, Marrat (fig. 3), is said to come from Borneo, but I have before me undoubted West Indian specimens precisely like it ; 0. oriola, Duel. (fig. 4), is nearly equivalent to the last. O. LITTERATA, Lam. PL 31, figs. 5-7. Shell gradually attenuated at each end, with produced spire ; 84 OL1VA. over the usual zigzag markings, reticulations and sutural fascic- ulations, are two bands of hieroglyphic characters, which are usually well marked. Length, l'5-2'5 inches. Beaufort, North Carolina to Florida; West Indies; Bahia, Brazil. The attenuation of the posterior part of the shell, distin- guishes this from 0. reticularis,w\th which some of its varieties are nevertheless too closely allied ; the same character and greater size distinguish it from 0. scripta, Lam., which has very similar painting. 0. circinnata, Marr. (fig. 6), is one of the connecting forms referred to above. 0. multiplicata, Reeve (fig. 7), is probably also a synonym. O. STAINFORTHII, Reeve. PL 31, fig. 8. White, faintly sprinkled with gray-shaded reddish dots, and marked with a very few blackish blotches disposed in two bands, unspotted next the- sutures, columella and interior of aperture ivory-white. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. A very doubtful species, resting solely on the type specimen— from which the colors have probably been worn off. O. HIEROGLYPHIC A, Reeve. PI. 31, fig. 9. Ivory-white, encircled by three rows of pale brown hiero- glyphic markings. Length, '6 inch. Habitat unknown. A doubtful species. 0. POLITA, Marrat. PI. 32, fig. 10. Yellowish, with white and chestnut maculations ; pallid viola- ceous within the aperture. Length, 20 mill. West Indies. Weinkauff thinks that this is perhaps a young 0. litterata, but it appears to me to differ greatly from that species, both in form and markings. I have not seen specimens. It may be a variet}r of the next species. O. FLAMMULATA, Lam. PI. 32, fig. 11 ; PI. 34, fig. 55. Yellowish white, with reticulations and angular markings of chestnut-brown, and occasional white maculations; interior of aperture whitish or tinged with purple. Length, '9-1*5 inches. West Africa, Senegal, (Jape Blanco. OL1VA. 85 O. DUCLOSI, Reeve. PI. 32, figs. 12-1?. Shell with close reticulations and triangular markings of chestnut, with narrow, interrupted sutural and median bands, aperture yellowish brown. Length, '9-1*25 inches. * . C7tina, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, Polynesia. 0. flammulata, Lam., is too closely allied to varieties of this species ; I have hesitated to separate them. 0. lentiginosa, Reeve (fig. 14), is merely a lighter-colored specimen ; 0. esodina, Duel. (fig. 15) and 0. Natalia, Duel. (fig. 16), are also synonyms, and I suppose that 0. Sandwichensis, Pease (fig. It), may also be added. This is the 0. jaspidea, Duclos (not Olivella jaspidea, of Gmelin), under which name it is as generally known as that of Reeve. 0. THOMASI, Crosse. PL 32, fig. 18. Heavy, oblong, with rather short spire ; flesh-color, obscurely two-zoned, numerously punctate, maculated with chestnut at the suture ; yellowish white, obscurely bifasciate within the aperture. Length, 28 mill. Tahiti. Is possibly a variety of 0. flammulata, judging from the figures and description. 0. AUSTRALIS, Duclos. PL 32, figs. 19-20. Spire elevated ; white or yellowish, with light chestnut or purple-ash zigzag lines ; interior of aperture white, maculated with purple near the margin. Length, '75-1 inch. Australia, New Guinea. Mr. John Brazier informs me that the natives of New Guinea place these shells on red-hot ashes, which discharges the coloring, leaving them entirely white ; in which condition they are strung to make neck-ornaments and girdles. 0. caldania, Duclos (fig. 20) is a synonym. 0. PAXILLUS, Reeve. PL 32, figs. 21-23. Shell thick, stout, cone-shaped, with a high spire ; white, with triangular brown markings, forming interrupted bands, and spots beneath the sutures and on the fasciole ; interior of aperture sometimes two or three banded. Length, '85-1*1 inches. Japan, Philippines, Australia. The form of this species is its best characteristic. 0. ozodona, 86 OL1VA. Duclos (fig. 22), and 0. nitidula, Duclos, not Gmelin (fig. 23), are to be united with it. O. PANNICULATA, Duclos. PL 32, figs. 24, 25. White, with faint longitudinal zigzags, and interrupted narrow bands at the suture and below the middle. Length, -75 ftich. Madagascar. O. ANIOMINA, Duclos. PL 32, figs. 26, 27. Yellowish white, with chestnut-red zigzags and nebulous markings. Length, '75-1*1 inches. Japan. 0. rufopicta, Weinkauff (fig. 27), appears to be the same species. O. KALEONTINA, Duclos. PL 32, fig. 28. Purple-fawn, interruptedly spotted and variegated with reddish chestnut, with oblong spots beneath the sutures ; columella and interior of the aperture purplish white. Length, 33 mill. Bay of Guayaquil and Galapagos Is.; 6 to 12 fms. — Cuming. 0. BRODERIPII, Ducros. PL 33, fig. 33. Shell rather convex, with short spire ; yellowish brown, closely reticulated with chestnut ; aperture chocolate-brown within. Length, 30 mill. Habitat unknown. A doubtful species, supposed to differ from 0. ispidula in its wider form and more convex sides. O. PYGM^EA, Reeve. PL 32, fig. 29. Orange-yellow, clouded and dotted with red-brown ; columella and interior of aperture white. Length, 12 mill. Habitat unknown. Except in the color of the interior, it resembles 0. ispidula: it is a doubtful species. O. ISPIDULA, Linn. PL 33, figs. 34-43, 29, 38. White, ash, yellow, brown, chestnut or chocolate-colored, without markings, or with nebulous spots, zigzag lines or reticulations, often with a band near the top of the body-whorl ; columella white ; interior chocolate-colored. Length, 1-1 '5 inches. Indian Ocean, Philippines, Fiji Islands^ etc. It is impossible to enumerate the shades and patterns of CALLTANAX. 87 coloring of this species ; its chocolate-colored interior is its most characteristic feature, whilst the form is also tolerably constant. Banded varieties may be recognized by the band being on the upper part of the whorl, but not attaining the suture. There are several synonyms, as follows : 0. flaveola, Duel. (fig. 40), 0. variabilis, Gray, 0. Candida, Lam. (fig. 41), 0 tigridella, Duclos (figs. 42, 29, 28), 0. egira, Duel. (fig. 43). O. SIDELIA, Duel. PI. 33, figs. 27, 44-50. Yellowish or orange-color, sometimes without markings, but usually with more or less regular narrow zigzags of chestnut, and occasionally with clouds of the same color ; interior of aperture bluish white to violet-red. Length, -7-'9 inch. China, Philippines, New Guinea, Viti Is., Madagascar. I unite here, under the oldest name, a number of species here- tofore considered distinct ; the dark unspotted variety being the 0. volvaroides, Duel. (fig. 45), and immature specimens (one of which is partly covered with chestnut), the 0. sidelia, Duel. (figs. 44, 27). The mature painted shells are : 0. athenia. Duel. (fig. 46) == 0. mucronata, Marr. (fig. 47), 0. lepida, Duel. (fig. 48), 0. todosina, Duel. (fig. 49), and 0. faba, Marr. (fig 50). 0. TESSELLATA, Lam. PL 33, fig. 51. Creamy white to yellowish brown, with irregular distant ash- and chestnut-shaded spots covering the surface ; interior, and columella deep violet. Length, 1 inch. Maldives, Java, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia. 0. CARNEOLA, Gmelin. PI. 33, fig. 52. White, banded with rich orange-color, the bands usualty a broad one above and below and a narrow one in the middle, color sometimes shading into red, violet or olive ; fasciole and aperture white, Length, -7-*9 inch. Java, Philippines, New Caledonia, Central Polynesia. Subgenus Callianax, U. an 1 A. 0. BIPLTCATA, Sowb. PI. 34, fig. 58. Bluish gray, sometimes light brownish or olivaceous, fasciole and interior of aperture violaceous ; columella biplicate at the base. Length, -75-1-25 inches. California. 88 AGARONTA. O. ORBTGNYI, Marrat. PL 34, fig. 59. Purple-brown, with two narrow revolving white bands below the middle; interior of aperture orange-red. Length, '9 inch. Patagonia. Subgenus Agaronia, Gra> . O. HIATULA, Gmelin. PI. 34, figs. 60-61 ; PI. 35, figs. 68-70; PL 36, fig. 26. Shell thin, with raised spire and large aperture, somewhat dilated below ; columellar folds very oblique ; cream-color, light brown or olivaceous, frequently nebulously painted or zigzagged longitudinally with brown ; the fasciole lighter or darker colored, without markings; the interior va^ing from cream-color to chocolate, sometimes showing the external markings. Length, 1 '5-2*5 inches. West Coast of Africa; Panama to Mazatlan. The occurrence of this species numerously at these two distant points has much bothered conchologists ; the W. African speci- mens were called 0. hiatula, and the W. American specimens, supposed to differ somewhat in form, have been distinguished as 0. testacea, Lam. P. P. Carpenter, in his monograph of Mazatlan shells, acknowledges that specimens from both localities vary . considerably in form and are in this respect indistinguishable, but he attempts to make differential characters in the coloring of the fasciole, and tinting of the plications; in both which respects specimens before me, with undoubtedly correct habitats, completely contravene his assertions ; indeed I have Mazatlan specimens, received from Carpente'r himself, which fully exhibit the features which he believes to be peculiar to the W. African form, whilst Gambian specimens show the W. American colorings. Figs. 60-63 show 0. hiatula and fig. 65 0. testacea, Lam. Other synonyms are: 0. pallida, Swains, (fig. 64), 0. nitellina, Duclos (fig. 26), 0. Steerix, Reeve (fig. 68 ', 0. cincta, Reeve (fig. 70", a juvenile banded variety, 0. indusiaca, Reeve (fig. 66), erroneously said to inhabit the mouth of the River Indus, and 0. Ancillarioides, Reeve (fig. 69). 0. Lamarckii, Swainson, and 0. propatula, Conrad, are so completely typical, that copies of their respective figures would serve no useful purpose. 0. ACUMINATA, Lam. PL 35, figs. 71-80 ; PL 1, fig. 4. Yellowish, fawn, or ash-gray, irregularly marked with zigzags AGARONIA. 89 and maculations, or faintly nebulous, the markings being nearly obsolete ; suture sometimes with fasciculations, frequently reduced to a row of spots, still more frequently unspotted ; fasciole and fasciolar band yellowish or fawn-color, sometimes with faint, close, orange-red strigations ; columella white ; interior of aperture white, maculated with chestnut on the lip-border. Length, l'5-3 inches. Senegal, Gambia, Java, Philippines, Australia. Dr. Weinkauff complains that his predecessors in attempting to separate 0. acuminata and 0. subulata, have mistaken them one for the other, and he has taken the trouble to unravel the intricate synonymy, in order to thoroughly distinguish the two species. Having carefully examined their respective characters both in descriptions, figures and specimens, I am convinced that no good reason exists for treating them as distinct, and that several additional " species " must likewise be added to the synonymy. Fig. 11 represents 0. subulata, Lam., as defined by Weinkauff; it appears more slender, with more elevated spire than some of the figures representing 0. acuminata, but every intermediate form may be selected from the specimens before me. I place here 0. modesta, Reeve (fig. 77), a young shell, 0. annotata, Marr. (fig. 78), and 0. carita, Marr, (figs. 79, 80), also juveniles, and 0. Bartlielemyi, Ducros (fig. 76, \ O. LABUANENSIS, Marrat. PI. 35, fig. 81. Yellowish white to orange-color, with an orange-red or brown broad band covering the lower half of the body-whorl, sutures fasciculated with brown. Length, 1-1-25 inches. Borneo. This may be only a variety of 0. nebulosa, yet I think it has as good claims to specific distinction as most of the species. O. LIGNEOLA, Reeve. PI. 35, fig. 82. Cone-shaped ; chestnut, the fasciole lighter, with chestnut markings, columella white, aperture bluish. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. I am not acquainted with this species ; Marrat has omitted it, and Weinkauff has copied Reeve's figure and description. O. NEBULOSA, Lam. PI. 35, figs. 83, 84. Subcylindrical, spire moderately elevated ; cream-color, with 12 90 OLIVANCILLARIA. zigzag ash or olive lines, merging into reticulations ; fasciole orange-brown, mottled with chestnut. Length, 1-5-2 inches. Ceylon; Australia f; W. Africa. This species has been confounded with 0. gibbosa, Born, and has been supposed to be the young of that species ; the young gibbosa, however, is much more inflated, and may be readily separated from nebulosa of the same size ; the coloring is the same in both species. 0. intricata, Marrat (fig. 84) is a synonym. O. GIBBOSA, Born. PI. 36, figs. 85-8Y. Shell heavy, gibbous, the columella callous, especially the upper part; spire also callously thickened ; cream-colored, body- whorl with zigzags and reticulations varying from ash-gray to orange and chocolate ; fasciole yellowish, maculated with brown ; columella and interior of aperture whitish. Length, 1-5-2-5 inches. Ceylon; W. Africa. Like Olivancillaria in form, but the sutured channel remains distinct on all the whorls of the spire. Subgenus Olivancillaria, d'Orb. 0. BRASILIANA, Lam. PL 36, fig. 88 ; PI. 1, fig. 2. Fulvous fawn, streaked with white, with, short transverse gray hair-lines ; spire callous, fasciole and interior of aperture orange- brown. Length, 2-2-5 inches. Brazil, La Plata, Patagonia. The body-whorl has sometimes obscure brownish fasciculations below the suture. O. DESHAYESIANA, Ducros. PL 86, figs. 89, 90. Shell smaller, more swollen above than 0. Brasiliana, and with a proportionally heavier posterior callus. Color same as in 0. Brasiliana Length, 1 inch. Brazil. The form of this shell is nearly intermediate between the last and the next species; it is much smaller than either, yet appears to be mature. 0. ovata, Marr. (fig. 90), is synonymous. O. AURICULARIA, Lam. PL 36, figs. 91-^4. Brown or lead-color, sometimes, in the young shell with zigzag MONOPTYGMA. 91 faint brown markings ; fasciole and interior of aperture yellowish brown to chocolate. Length, 1 -5-1 '75 inches. Brazil to Patagonia; W. Africa. The young shell is much narrower in form, the contorted expanded lip and heavy columellar callus indicating the adult condition. 0. aquatilis, Reeve (fig. 93), and 0. contortuplicata, Reeve (fig. 94), are both young shells; 0. claneophila, Duclos (fig. 92) = the adult form. 0. NANA, Lam. PI. 36, figs. 96-100. Conical, the upper fourth part of the body-whorl overlaid with a yellowish callus, the fasciole also yellowish and obscurely maculated, rest of body-whorl cream-color with chestnut longi- tudinal fulgurations, often broken up into nebulous spots ; columella white, interior of aperture exhibiting the external colors through the shell. Length, '75 inch. Gabon, W. Africa; So. Africa; Madagascar. The West Indies have been cited as habitat for this species, I think erroneously. 0. zenospira, Duel. (fig. 79^ punctala, Duclos (figs. 98, 99), are synonyms. iTy Subfamily ANCILLARIIN^E. Genus MONOPIYGMA, Lea. Several systematists have confounded this genus with Mon- optygma, Gray — an entirely different group. The type, although a very small shell, perfectly exhibits the generic characters, but Lea's second species belongs to Actaeonidae. Chilotygma, H. and A. Adams, must, according to the description, become a synonym ; but it may well be doubted whether its only species and specimen (therefore the only recent species of Monoptygma), is not a monstrosity. M. ALABAMIENSIS, Lea.' (PI. 3, fig. 23.) Fossil. Eocene, Alabama. M. EXIGUA, Sowb. PI. 37, tig. 1. Yellowish white, very shining, callous ; callously ridged on the body-whorl. Length, 12 mill. Habitat unknown. This specimen formed part of the Cumingian collection. 92 ANCILLARY A. (Jeriu* ANCILLARIA, Lain. The animal of Ancillaria is voluminous, covering the entire shell with the exception of the spire. The head, which is entirely concealed by the reflected portions of the foot, consists of a short cylindrical, inflated, annulated proboscis, above which is a semilunar veil formed by the dilatation and union of the tentacles ; there is no indication of eyes. The mantle is pro- duced anteriorly into a long siphon. The foot is large and bursiform, the side-edges being greatly extended and reflected over the shell, meeting in the middle on the back. As in Oliva, it is deeply fissured anteriorly, forming a semilunar disk before the head, divided by a deep longitudinal groove into two lateral, triangular lobes, acuminated transversely ; posteriorly it is bilobed, and is either without an operculum, or is provided with a thin, horny unguiform one, with apical nucleus, semilunar growth-lines, and an oval muscular impression. The Ancillariae resemble the Olives in their habits, dwelling among the smooth sands in which they frequently bury them- selves. They crawl with a quick, sliding motion, and as they glide briskly along, the shell is enveloped in the alar expansions of the foot, which overlap each other slightly in the middle, and extending considerably beyond the spire, form posteriorly a loose, open sack ; anterior to these lobes the tubular cylindrical siphon is visible, directed upwards and backwards, and even laid flat upon the back. The AncillarijB have been monographed by Sowerby in the Thesaurus Conchyliorum, b}r Reeve in Conchologia Iconica, and by Weinkauff in Kiister's Conchylien Cabinet. The last authority enumerates forty-six species, some of which he con- siders doubtful. A very careful consideration of these forms has induced me to reduce the number of species considerably. They are tropical animals, the typical group inhabiting the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Australia, Japan, etc. ; one species only occurring in American waters, in the Caribbean province. The earliest fossils are from the eocene strata of the United States and Europe ; they are few in number, and the genus, never numerous in species, appears to have reached its maximum development at the present time. Ancillaria is, through Olivancellaria, very closely connected t ANCILLARIA. 93 with the Olives, and in its frequently horned outer lip it also reminds one of Pseudoliva, and Eburna (Zemira) australis. I have merged in Ancillaria several subgeneric groups of H. and A. Adams and others, which do not appear to me to possess substantial distinctive characters. A. CINNAMOMEA, Lam. PL 37, figs. 2-17. Yellowish white, with obscure revolving bands and longitudinal strigations of light reddish brown, or without markings, and ranging from flesh-color to cinnamon and dark chocolate ; occasionally a revolving sutaus terminates in a slight horn on the outer lip ; the folded columella is white, the interior of the aperture nearly corresponding with the outer surface in color. Length, 1-1-25 inches. Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Zanzibar. I unite here several so-called species. A. cinnamomea is not quite adult, and more frequently exhibits the lip-tooth than the adult, heavily-callused A..ventricosa, Lam. (fig. 3). A. variegata, Sowb. (fig. 4), is the light, banded form described above, and A. fulva, Swn. (fig. 5) has similar painting. Other synonyms are : A. albifasciata, Swn. (fig. 6 , A. albisulcata, Sowb. (fig. 7), in which the impressed groove is white, a character without constancy, A. achatina, Kiener (fig. 8), A. striolata, Sowb. (fig. 9N, a juvenile, A. castanea, Sowb. (fig. 10\ A. ovalis, Sowb. (fig. 11), another juvenile, A. Desliayesii, A. Ad. (fig. 12), A. crassa, Sowb. (fig. 13), A. sarda, Reeve (fig. 14), A. contum, Reeve (fig. 15), apparently a worn specimen, A. eburnea, Desh. (fig. 16), A. Tronsoni, Sowb. (fig. 17). A. ACUMINATA, Sowb. PL 37, figs. 18-20. Yellowish brown, lighter at the sutures and on the border of the fasciole, the latter being darker brown, columella white. Length, 1 '25-1 '5 inches. Red Sea, Zanzibar. The narrower form is the only, and perhaps not sufficient distinction between this and the preceding species. A. lineolata, • A. Ad. (fig. 19), and probably A. oryza. Reeve (fig. 20), are synonyms. A. MARMORATA, Reeve. PL 2, figs. 21, 22. Whitish, faintly streaked and mottled with fulvous flesh-color, 94 ANC1LLARTA. brown-tinged at the suture and above the fasciole, columellar plaits brown. Length, '75 inch. Habitat unknown. A. fasciata, Reeve (fig. 22), appears to be the same species. It may be the young of A. marginata, Lam., from which the brown columella appears to be the principal distinctive character. 37 A. AMPLA, Gmelin. PI. #, figs. 23, 24. Cylindrically oblong, acuminated abovet inflated below, rather thin ; white, often orange-tinted on the spire. Length, 1-1*5 inches. Red Sea, Ceylon, Mauritius, Philippines. A. cylindrica, Sowb. (fig. 24), is the young. A. RUBIGINOSA, Swainson. PL 37, fig. 25 ; PI. 38, figs. 26, 27. Cinnamon-brown, with an enameled lighter band at the suture, and a shallow impressed one above the fasciole. Length, 2-2'5 inches. Japan, China, Malacca, Madagascar. A. mamillata, Hinds (fig. 26), and A. albo-callosa, Lischke (fig. 27), are synonyms. A. AUSTRALIS, Sowb. PI. 38, figs. 28-33. Lead-color or violet-brown, spire and upper portion of body- whorl, as well as the fasciole enveloped in a yellowish callus, marbled with chestnut. Length, '75-1-75 inches. Australia, Neio Zealand, Tasmania, Cape. This is a shorter species than A. rubiginosa; yet I separate it with hesitation. A. pyramidalis, Reeve (fig. 29), and A. tricolor, Gray (fig. 30), a juvenile, A. mucronata, Sowb. (fig. 31), probably, and possibly A. obtusa, Swains, (figs. 32, 33), from the Cape of Good Hope, are synonyms. A. MONTROUZIERI, Souverbie. PI. 38, fig. 34. Pinkish white, or light fawn-color, the spire and an upper band of the body-whorl invested with a thick flesh-colored or slightly brownish callus ; sometimes the spire and fasciole are pure white ; operculum oblong, rather large and thin. Length, 1-1-5 inches. New C(ilei)ic*, Mnni'itius. Dr. Sutor, as well as Sowerby and Reeve have attempted to distinguish other species here, by characters that are poor enough even in their figures, but which possess no claims what- ever when a large suite of specimens are examined ; it is even dillicult in some cases to separate this shell from //. ri'Hfriroxd. In //. (irln-uldris. Lam. (fig. (J2>, the dark bands are well defined throughout, in //. lin<>i:»). they are usually only occasionally visible on or towards the shoulder. The latte; variety approaches near to //. /v////-/ro.sv/. //. xlriahila, A. Ad. (fig. (54 >, is a juvenile shell. II. CRENATA, Swains. I'l. 40, fig. f)f). Ribs distant , tliin, low, not reflected, interstices festooned with light yellowish brown and white. Length, L; .'J inches. Uesides t.lie narrow ribs, the coloring is much less vivid than in the preceding oriental species. HARP A. 99 II. IIOSKA, Lam. PI. 40, fig's. 66, 67. Kibs tint, irregular, sometimes very broad, sometimes narrow; ribs b.-indecl. interstices festooned, with three interrupted bands of rose-red blotches. Length, l'75-2'75 inches. Guinea, Sencyal. II. NOBILIS, Lam. PI. 41, lig. 68. Ovate, rather ventricose, grayish pink, painted between the ribs with chestnut and white articulations or festoons, and three interrupted bands of purple-crimson blotches; ribs rather wide, crossed by bands of black narrow lines. Length, l-fo-2'5 inches. Indian Ocean, Philippines, Viti Islands. Distinguished at once from JL. rosea by the revolving black lines on the ribs. •II. MINOK, I Mm. PL 41, Jigs. 69-72, 78. Shell ovately oblong, obtusely angulated above; gray festooned wit h chocolate and white ; ribs moderately narrow, rather distant, crossed by black lines, usually arranged in pairs. Length, 1-5-2 inches. Indian Ocean, So. Africa, Madayaxcar, Viti Tsles. //. r/v/s.sY/, Phil. (fig. 70), and //. xolidnla, A. Ad. (lig. 71 ), arc synonyms; and I think that H. riryindlix. Gray (fig. 78), will prove to be a faded or albino specimen of this species. II. Te<>-:it(> about and under stones in considerable numbers. Very few descriptions of the living animal have been made, and even li«-ures of it arc not numerous. The few fossil forms of (Jolnmliella are comparatively recent, 104 COLTJMBELLA. the Cretaceous and Jurassic columbelloid shells belonging to distinct genera. Section 1. Columbella (fypical). Shell strombiform, smooth, with short spire. C. STROMBIFORM is, Lam. PI. 42, figs. 5-10. Shell strombiform, the body-whorl much swollen around the upper part and somewhat produced at the posterior end of the aperture; chestnut-color, with the spire and middle and lower portion of the body-whorl minutely white-spotted ; sometimes the spots coalesce into zigzag white markings ; there are also usually a few irregular large white spots on the shoulder or middle of the body-whorl ; interior usually white, sometimes orange-tinted ; epidermis thick, shaggy, longitudinally striated, frequently decussated posteriorly or throughout by revolving striae ; operculum very variable in form, the initial point usually terminal and basal but occasionally even subcentral, or marginal at the centre of its length. Length, '83—1*4 inches. West Coast of Central America to Mazatlan; Gulf of California. With this species is to be united C. major, Sowerby (figs. (J-S), which Carpenter and others have suspected to be a variety, having dots instead of the zigzag white markings and the spiral sculpture of the epidermis on the shoulder only, instead of all over; neither these, nor the other inferior distinctive characters given, hold good when a large series of specimens is examined. Fig. 8 represents a smaller, but adult shell ; it is a minor race, which, as in so many of the species of mollusks usually accompanies the normal-sized individuals. Other synonyms are C. gibbosa, Duclos (tig. 9), C. Bridgesi, Reeve (tig. 10), not full grown. C. PAYTENSIS, Lesson. PL 42, figs. 11-14. Whorls broadly channeled below the sutures: chestnut-brown, minutely dotted with white throughout. Length, 1-1 '15 inches. Payta, Peru; Chili. This may possibly be a variety only, of the preceding species ; the sutural channel is strongly marked, however, in the numerous specimens before me. G. spurca, Sowb., C. runtira, Sowb. Genera of Shells (fig. 14), and C. Paytalida, Duclos (fig. 13), are synonyms. COLUMBELLA. 105 C. CA8TANEA, Sowb. PI. 42, fig. 15. Shell with n. shallow channel around the suture, defined by an angled or almost ribbed shoulder; lower half of body-whorl contracted ; chestnut-brown, spotted with white, aperture tinged with orange within. Length, -85 inch. Galapagos Is.; W. Coast of Central America. 1 have considerable doubt whether this is not a variety only of the preceding species ; it is considerably smaller, more contracted, with more defined shoulder, and colored interior. (\ FASCIATA, Sowb. PI. 42, figs. 16-18. Shell large and thick, oval, slightly shouldered ; brown, spotted with white, the spots sometimes merging into irregular zigzag longitudinal markings, occasionally obscurely white-banded at the suture and periphery ; teeth of cblnmella and outer lip sometimes tinted with red. Length, 1'25 inches. Java. This species is not so gibbous as those which precede it, and has heavier teeth ; the spire is also more convexly elevated. C. Javacensis, Gaskoin (fig. 18), is probably a faded specimen of fasciata. C. FUSCATA, Sowb. PI. 42, figs. 19-21. Shell smooth, oval ; chestnut-dotted and spotted irregularly with white, and with white, triangular sutural markings, con- tinued on the spire; epidermis light olive, very thin, smooth, translucent; aperture light purple. Length, *75-'9 inch. Galapagos Is.; West Coast of Central America to Cape St. Lucas, L. California; Mazatlan. The synonyms are G. meleagris, Ihiclos (fig. 20), C. nodalina, Duclos (fig. 21), a specimen with epidermis, and C. pallescens, Wimmer. C. SONSONATENSIS, Moi'ch. Like C. fuscata, Sowb., but narrower, with shorter spire, suture obsoletely margined, earlier whorls costellate, lip thickened and flattened, witli seven teeth, columella five-sulcate. Length, 8'25 mill. W. Coast of Central America. A doubtful species, described from a single specimen, and not figured. 14 106 COLUMBELLA. C. LABIOSA, Sowb. PI. 43, figs. 22, 23. Epidermis very thin, smooth, translucent, olivaceous; under which the shell is ash-color, with numerous narrow chestnut revolving lines; lip and colnmella white, the lip with plate-like expansion internally. Length, '8-1 inch. >7. Elcnti, ]Y. Columbia (Cuming). C. renilia, Duclos (fig. 23), is a synonym. C. H^EMASTOMA, Sowb. PL 43, fig. 24. Shaded chestnut and chocolate-color, with white blotches which are usually arranged as broad zigzag markings on the shoulder, and similar ones at the base of the body-whorl, the latter often coalescing to cover the entire basal portion of the shell ; aperture orange-color. Length. 1 inch. Galapagos Is.; Panama to Gulf of California. C. FESTIVA, Kiener. PL 43, fig. 25. Shell smooth; white around the sutures, then spotted and streaked longitudinally with white and chocolate ; aperture white. Length, 9 mill. Acapulco to Gape St. Lucas, L. California. C. PHASINOLA, Duclos. PL 43, fig. 26. Shell with revolving rounded ribs, often decussated by longi- tudinal sculpture, so as to become tuberculated ; chestnut-brown, the tubercles whitish; lips orange. Length, 10 mill. Habitat iinknotm. C. MERCATORIA, Linn. PL 43, figs. 28-33. Shell with small rounded revolving ribs, separated by narrow grooves; sometimes unicolored, pink or yellowish, usualh' longi- tudinally maculated with orange or chocolate and while, and with or without chocolate articulations forming one or two bands ; aperture white or slightly yellowish. Length, MJ-'S inch. West Jmlit'x, Florida. A common species, very variable in painting, but, pretty con- stant in form and sculpture; it occurs on sandy bottoms in from two to four feet water. The synonyms are numerous, including a large, coarsely ribbed form, called by Sowerby (•'. rndix (fig. 31). Keeve has figured this form under the name of C. Peleei, Kiener, and has given for locality the Philippine Islands — undoubtedly an error. The true C. Peleei, Kiener (fig. 32), is, on COLUMBELLA. 10 1 the contrary, a rather small form, thin, but with rugose growth- lines decussating the surface — a not unusual variety. Other synonyms are C. zulmis, Duclos (fig. 33), G. affinis, Risso, G. incubitantes, Martini, G. Gualteriana, Risso? C. DYSONI, Reeve. PL 44, fig. 57. Shell fusiformly conical, yellowish white, painted with waved stripes of red-brown spots, spire short, sharp, whorls strongly spirally grooved throughout; aperture elongated, lip flatly thickened, denticulated within. Length, 16 mill. Honduras (Dyson). I think this will prove to be a G. mercatoria, of somewhat unusual form and not adult. C. RUSTICA, Linn. PI. 43, tigs. 34-49; PL 44, figs. 50-56. Shell variable in shape, sometimes short, with broad body- whorl, sometimes narrower, with spire and lower part of body- whorl produced; smooth, or slightly spirally striated ; white to orange-color, stained with chestnut or chocolate, forming spots, longitudinal zigzags :md blotches, frequently light banded and fasciculated with chestnut next below the -suture; lip white, yellowish or flesh-color, the interstices of the dent iculat ions chocolate-color. Length, '5-1 '1 inches. West Indies, West Africa, Gape Verd Is., Southern Europe, Mediterranean Sea. One of the most variable of shells. The shorter, broad forms are often very close in shape and coloring to G. mercatoria, but are always distinguishable by the smooth surface, and the dark interstices of the lip-teeth. The synonymy is enormous, including: G. sponyiarum, Duclos (fig. 39) ; C. Azoricctj Drouet (fig. 40) ; G. aureola, Duclos (fig. 41) and G. tumida, Reeve, not Duclos (fig. 42); G. striata, Duclos (figs. 43, 44) ; G. cornea, Kiener (fig. 45) ; G. luteola, Kiener (fig. 46); G.fustigata, Kiener (fig. 47); C. modesta, Kiener (fig. 48); G. ambigua, Kiener (fig. 49); C. vestalia, Duclos (fig. 50); C. simpronia, Duclos (fig. 51); G. nucleus, Kiener (fig. 52); G. rasolia, Duclos ? (fig. 53) ; besides a number of unfigured species, including probably G. Adansoni and C. rufa, Menke, from the Cape Verd Islands. C. reticulata, Lam. (fig. 54), said to come from Brazil, has some characters in common with G. 108 COLUMBELLA. mercatoria, but is probably a synonym of rustica. I suppose that G. xiphiteUu, Duclos (fig. 55), and G. .ripliitella, Reeve (fig. 56), may both be placed here, although they are very different shells in form. C. ANACTEOLA, Duclos. PI. 44, fig. 58. Shell smooth, the lower part with revolving stria1; color chocolate-brown varied with white, somewhat longitudinally disposed. Length, I'l inches. Habit Hi nnknoicn. This species has not been described ; there are only the figures and name in Duclos' monograph. It resembles the stouter, short forms of G. rustica, somewhat, but is a larger shell. C. MARMOREA, Brasilia. Shell small, ovately subturbinate, smooth, shining, with flattened whorls ; aperture dilated at the base, sublinear, longer than the spire; lip but little thickened within, nodulose ; colu- mella with two tubercles; color marbled with fulvous and white, with a white, maculated band at the suture. L. 10, diam. 5 mill. Dalmatia. An unfigured species, related to C. rustica, and possibly a young individual of that protean species. C. PARDALINA, Lam. PL 44, figs. 59-74; PL 45, fig. 75. Shell oval, smooth, with moderate, somewhat convex spire ; white, tessellated or longitudinally fiexuosely striped with chest- nut or chocolate, with frequent!}" a white band, similarly tessel- lated at the suture. Length, '75-1 inch. New &outh Wales; N. W. Australia; New Caledonia; I'kilippinea; Japan; f'ct/lou. The synonyms are: G.vulpecula, Sowb. (tig. 61); C. quintilia, Duclos (figs. 62, 63); G. fabula, Sowb. (fig. 64); G. Japonica, Reeve (fig. 65); C. zopilla, Duclos (fig. 0(5). Var. TYLERI, Gray. PL 44, figs. 67-74; PL 45, fig. 75. Only d lifers by having a more produced spire, and is readily united with the typical form by such synonyms as ('. xayena, Reeve (fig. 69 ', Japan. Other longer forms are (}. ohm-urn, Sowb. (fig. 70); G. palmer ina, Duclos (fig. 71); G. lacfescens,$ouv. (fig. COLUMBELLA. 109 72), New Caledonia; C. fabula, var., Reeve (fig. 13); G. pado- noxta, Duclos (fig. 14); G. anitis, Duclos (fig. 15). C. FULdURANS, Lam. PI. 45, tigs. 10, 11. Shell thick, short ovate, with indistinct revolving striae, and a very thin, transparent yellowish epidermis; usually very dark chocolate, nearly black, sometimes chestnut, and marked by a few longitudinal zigzag white streaks; aperture tinged with purple. Length, *15-'9 inch. Philippines^ tfvlomouSs Is., N. E. Australia, New Guinea, etc. Var. PUNCTATA, Lam. (Fig. 11.) The white streaks are more or less completely broken up into spots. C. PELOTINA, Duclos. PI. 45, figs. 18, 19. Shell short ovate, thick, smooth, with faint spiral stria1 on the lower portion of the bcxty-whorl ; •irregularly clouded with orange and yellowish white. Length, '65 inch. Hal) it at mi-known. Figured and named but not described by Duclos. It appears to be a faded and discolored shell; not unlikely a C . pardalina. G. virc/inea, Duclos (fig. 19), is very probably a still more faded individual of the same species. C. TURTURINA, Lain. PL 45, figs. 80-82. Shell short and thick, subglobose, the shoulder of the body- whorl swollen, with revolving stria-* interiorly ; white, variegated with clouds or zigzags of yellowish brown ; columella and teeth of outer lip often stained with violet. Length, -5-'f)5 inch. Philippines, Viti Islands, Sandwich Islands, etc. The yellowish markings are often absent. G. Sand wichen sis ^ Pease, and G. palumbina, Gould, are synonyms. I think that G. ii, Crosse (fig. 82), may also be referred here. C. SULCATA, Duclos. PI. 45, fig. 83. This is evidently an abnormal growth, and its character, a sulcation on the shoulder, will be sought in vain among shells in normal condition. It is impossible to identify it with certainty. The color is a shading of flesh-color and light yellow. Length, -7 inch. Habitat unknown. 110 COLUMBELLA. C. VERSICOLOR, Sowerby. PI. 45, figs. 84-96. Shell ovate, with moderate spire, the whorls swollen at the shoulder, beneath which the body-whorl is more or less con- stricted, .shoulder sometimes sparsely, obsoletely tuberculated ; yellowish, white, with zigzag chestnut or chocolate close longitu- dinal niarkyigs, often shaded with white ; on the middle of the body-whorl these markings are often broken up into numerous small punctations ; aperture white within ; columella tuberculate, with two prominent teeth in the middle. Length, -5-'75 inch. Indian Ocean; Japan; Philippines; Australia; Polynesia. The oldest name for this species is C. scripta, Lam., but Linnaeus had previously used this name for a well-recognized Mediterranean species. C. bidentata, Menke (fig. 87), is also a synonym, and ver}T probably C. variegata, Menke. The latter name would have priority if it could be satisfactorily identified. The synonymy will include C. araneosa, Kiener (fig. 88), C. coronata, Duclos (fig. 89), C. athadona, Duclos (figs. 90, 91), C. tigrina, Duclos (figs. 92, 93), C. aspersa, Sowb. (tig. 94), C. niv<>*a (fig. 95) and C. pertitsa (fig. 96), Reeve, the two last erroneously ascribed to Guatemala in the original descriptions. C. VARTANS, Sowb. PI. 45, figs. 97-2 ; PI. 46, figs. 3-6. Shell ovate, with short spire ; smooth, or with fine revolving stria1; shoulder tuberculated ; with longitudinal ribs more or less prominent, sometimes extending the entire length of the shell, usually becoming obsolete towards the middle, and occasionally not developed at all. Color, white and chestnut or chocolate in alternate revolving bands, the latter usually broken up into short irregular longitudinal markings; sometimes the bands are not present, and the entire shell is covered witli alternate chestnut and white zigzag longitudinal stripes; base of the colnmella stained dark chocolate; aperture white within. Length, -35-'4 inch. Viti, Galapayox and Sandwich Islands. Acapulco? l^hiUppines, New Guinea-. This species is smaller, more tuberculate, and in the banded specimens differently colored from the preceding one ; the colored base of the coluniella is also M good distinguishing character The figure from Reeve's Iconica (fig. 99), shows a ribbed state COLUMBELLA. Ill of the species, a form which Sowerby has described us C. pcecila (tigs. 100, 1), from the Philippines. C. spectrur^^Qf^eg. 2), C. nana, Mich. (tig. 3), C. pallida, (tig. 5), and C. lysiska, Duclos (tig. 0), C. SOUVERBIEI, Crosse. PI. 40, tig. 8. U ' ^ E R S I T 7" Shell ovate, with short spire ; slight^ n< and covered by revolving strife ; white, irregular chocolate spots, forming two broad bands on the body- whorl, and chestnut punctations at the suture; violaceous within the aperture. Length, 8'5 mill. New Caledonia. Closely allied to C. variant, but differing in being less tuber' ciliated, in coloring, in the absence of the dark basal spot, etc. C. miLiA, Duclos. PL 40, tig. 7. Shell thick, ovate, round-shouldered, with obsolete revolving ribs ; white, with zigzag chestnut markings. Length, '1 inch. Habitat unknown. Figured and named, but not described ; I am unable to identity it. C. PALLIOA, Philippi. Shell oblong-fusiform, with revolving stria1 ; white, with a single chestnut bund, composed of maculations ; aperture violaceous within. Length, '5 inch. Mazatlan. This species, described twenty-live years ago, but never figured, remains unrecognized. Carpenter, who so thoroughly studied the mollusca of Mazatlan, and of the West Coast of North America, could make nothing of it. Philippi compares it with C. azora, Duclos, which, he says, it resembles in form but differs in being one- instead of three-banded. C. SCAIJ'TA, Reeve. PI. 40, lig. <). Shell ovate, transparent golden yellow, marked transversely with sharply angular pale lines; spire short; whorls longitudi- nally plicately ribbed; aperture small, oblong, sinuous; lip thickened, notched at the upper part, denticulated within. Length, '25 inch. Habitat unknown. 112 COLUMBELLA. C. HUMEROSA, Carpenter. Shell small, turreted, with elevated spire, distant rounded longi- tudinal ribs and sharp revolving striae ; white with fuscous lines or maculations. Length, -26 inch. Acapulw. Said to possess the sculpture of Rhizocheilus and the tall spire of AnachiSj yet to belong, apparently, to the restricted typical genus. Unfigured, and unknown to me. C. BOIVINT, Kiener. PI. 46, figs. 10, 11. Shoulder of whorls nodulous, with sometimes a second row of smaller nodules on the body-whorl, lower part with revolving striae ; dark chocolate, nearly black, covered by minute white spots ; aperture white, the lips stained with chocolate. Length, -75-1 inch. West Coast of Central America. C. Sowerbyi, Duclos (tig. 11), appears to be a not fully grown specimen of this species. C. DECUSSATA, Sowb. PI. 46, fig. 12. Shell oblong, thick, white, marbled with brown ; spire turreted ; whorls five, rather swollen, decussately sculptured into numerous tubercles; aperture whitish. Length, 17 mill. Australia. C. CHLOROSTOMA, Sowb. PI. 46, fig. 13. Shell yellowish white, with chestnut bands spotted with black on the ribs; interior orange-brown. Length, 16 mill. I/ttftft'tf itn.kiHHrn. Published by Sowerby many years a^o, and not since identified. C. MITKATA, Menke. PI. 46, tig. 14. Longitudinally ribbed, interstices towards Hie base latticed; yellowish, with two broad chocolate bands. Length, 10-15 mill.? Australia, \ am not acquainted with this species. C. DUCLOSIANA, Sowb. PI. 46, fig. If). Shell longitudinally ribbed, obsoletely striate; dark brown, with obsolete b.-inds under a dusky epidermis; a pertn re viola- ceous or brown. Length, 15-18 mill. Malacca, Java, Philippines. NITIDELLA. 113 Section II. Nitidella, Swain?. Shell oval, smooth, with elevated spire ; aperture somewhat effuse below; columella with two small anterior plications ; outer lip somewhat thickened. C. L^VIGATA, Linn. PI. 46, figs. 16-21. Shell thin, ovate, somewhat ventricose, smooth, shining, under a thin epidermis ; white, with coarse or fine longitudinal, brown zigzag lines, often broken up into spots and maculations ; the suture is often maculated with white, and there is frequently a band of chocolate spots on the periphery, and visible on the spire-whorls. Length, *t-'8 inch. West Indies. There are two well-marked types of coloration in this common species, with intermediate stages : in one, the shell is covered by alternate irregular longitudinal markings of white and chestnut, the suture is not maculated, there is no band on the periphery ; in the other, the longitudinal lines are so close and fine as to nearly cover the shell with a chestnut-color, and are often broken up into spots and maculations ; upon this back- ground are white inaculations at the suture, and a row of chocolate spots on the periphery. The synonyms are C. alaperdicis, Reeve (fig. 18), C. concinna, Sowb. (fig. 19), and possibly (7. faleonta (fig. 20), and C. helvia (fig. 21), Duclos — the two last being undescribed but figured and named. C. LIVESCENS, Reeve. PI. 46, fig. 22. Shell ovately turbinated, rather solid ; spire sharp, finely ribbed towards the apex ; whorls rather stout, convex, smooth ; orange-brown, shining, bluish, marbled with white clots ; columella lipped, aperture rather small, purplish, lip thickened, slightly contracted in the middle, denticulated within. Length, '5 inch. Philippines (Cuming) ; Sandwich Is. (von Martens). I have not seen this species, but Reeve's figure is very sug- gestive of C. Isevigata. C. NITIDA, Lam. PI. 46, fig. 23. Shell narrowly oblong, compressed, smooth, shining ; irregu- 15 134 NITIDELLA. larly marbled and spotted with white and yellow, chestnut or chocolate-color ; apex of spire often violet. Length, *6-'8 inch. West Indies, on coral in 2-3 feet water. It is the C. nitidula of Sowerby, but scarcely of Linnaeus. C. BRODERIPII, Sowerby. PI. 46, figs. 24-20. Shell narrowly oblong, with rather elevated spire, smooth, shining ; yello wish white, with longitudinal chestnut reticulations ; aperture white; outer lip broadly notched above. Length, '4 inch. Philippines. C. strigata, Reeve (fig. 26). appears to = this species. C. FLOCCATA, Reeve. PL 46, fig. 27. Shell cylindrically ovate, inflated, subtransparent, reticulated with orange, promiscuously flaked with opaque white ; spire rather obtuse, whorls convex, smooth ; aperture rather small, columella excavated, lip simple. Length, 13 mill. Cape Colony. I do not know this species. C. KRAUSSI, Sowb. PI. 46, figs. 28, 29. Shell obsoletely longitudinally plicate, the plicae distant ; aperture broad, lip simple ; white with longitudinal waved chestnut lines. Length, 7 mill. .\ntal, So. Africa. In shape and painting resembles C. Broderipii, Sowb., but differs in sculpture. In C. cerealis, Menke (fig. 29), the ribs are better developed, but I do not believe that it is a distinct species. C. LEUCOSTOMA, Gaskoin. PI. 46, fig. 30. Shell smooth, acuminately ovate; upper half of body-whorl and spire reticulated with orange-brown, lower half of body, aperture and a sutural band, white. Length, 9 mill. ll/iltitdl unknown. C. BACCATA, Gaskoin. PL 46, fig. 31. Shell ovate, smooth, shining, with elevated spire; white, tes- sellated with chestnut, the tessellations usually forming one to three bands on the body-whorl. .Length, 6 mill. Central America, Gulf of California, Cape St. Lucas. C. DICHROA, Sowb. PL 46, tigs. 32, 33. Shell smooth, narrow, with elongated spire ; color alternate NITIDELLA. 115 irregular broad longitudinal stripes of white and chestnut or chocolate, sometimes nearly covered by the darker colors, which also stain the interior. Length, 6-7 mill. West Indies. C. Schrammi, Petit (fig. 33), is a synonym. C. PUSILLA, Sowb. PL 46, fig 34. Shell smooth, with elongated spire ; yellowish white, with longitudinal flexuose stripes of chestnut, and sometimes bands of spots of the same color. Length, 4 mill. West Indies. C. ELEUANS, Dall. Shell subulate, acutely pointed, smooth, polished, solid ; yel- lowish, with white dots on the spire and upper portion of body- whorl, and longitudinal fluctuating chestnut stripes. Length, -28 inch. Panama. Described from a single specimen and unfigured. The name is preoccupied b}^ Sowerby for a species of the section Strombina. C. MILLEPUNCTATA, Carpenter. Shell small, livid, shining, with elevated spire, somewhat flattened whorls and distinct suture ; nuclear whorls smooth, subsequent ones obsoletely radiately lirulate, the last smooth ; maculate and minutely punctate with orange-color arranged in quincunx ; a white band at the suture ; aperture subquadrate ; outer lip thickened, six-dentate within ; inner lip lirulate at the base. Length, -3 inch. Cape St. Lucas. Unfigured, and unknown to me. C. DENSILINEATA, Carpenter. Form of the last species, but with flattened whorls and indis- tinct suture; livid, with close orange-brown longitudinal divari- cating lines. Length, -25 inch. Cape St. Lucas. Unfigured. Probably a mere variation of the preceding species. C. VITIENSIS, Bunker. Viti Islands. C. PLICATULA, Dunker. Viti Islands. The above species are referred to Nitidella ; they are unfigured. and I have not seen them. 116 ALIA. Section III. Alia, H. and A. Adams. Shell thin, smooth, with moderate spire ; aperture oval ; inner lip finely crenulated, outer lip thick, not callous in the middle, striate within. C. CARINATA, Hinds. PI. 47, figs. 35-31). Shell smooth ; fulvous, encircled by two or three bands of chestnut and white Hocked spots; base of shell and apex of spire stained with chocolate; inner margin of the outer lip frequently similarly colored. Length, 7*5-10 mill. Cape St Lucas, L. Gal. to Sitki'i. The above is the description of the larger, smooth, northern variety, called by Gould C. gattsapata (lig. 37): these are not carinate, but pass by imperceptible stages into the smaller C. Californiana, Gaskoin, the subcarinate C. Hindsii, Reeve (fig. 38), the stumpy, strongly carinate C. carinata, (figs. 35, 36) and the equally small, but more graceful, and scarcely carinate C. Gouldi, Carpenter. I have selected from these names that of the earliest published, but with some misgiving because it describes a state of the species which must be regarded as abnormal ; I have been partly influenced to do this because Mr. W. H. Dall similarly arranged the synonymy of the species ten years -since. C. Gouldi is said to differ in its operculum, but the opercnlum is known to vary in other species of Columbella from fusoid to purpuroid. C. eollaris, Reeve (fig. 39), is probably a large example of the carinate form. C. UNIFASCIATA, Sowerby. PI. 47, figs, 40-44. Shell ovate, smooth, with revolving stria' at the base of the body-whorl ; chocolate, with or without a lighter band on the periphery ; chocolate or chestnut-color within the aperture. Length, 12 mill. Galapagos Islands; Coast of Peru and Chili; Magellan's Straits. C. unicolor, Sowb. (fig. 41), the unfigured C. uniioiniii.s, Gray, and C. sordida, d'Orb. (fig. 42), are synonyms. C. castanea, Gould (fig. 43), is also evidently the same species ; it is said to have been obtained by the Wilkes Exploring Kxpedition at Rio Janeiro, but as the expedition visited the West Coast of South America also, it is probable that the locality given may be incor- MITRELLA. 117 rect. I have specimens of the original lot before me ; they do not differ from unifazciata. The very short description given by Lamarck of his C. unifasciaU* leaves little doubt that it WHH intended for this species : it is said to have come from the Isle of France, and has never been identified positively. I include also C. ebenum, Phil., an un figured species from Magellan's Straits. C. ELECTROIDES, Reeve. PI. 47, fig. 44. Shell ovate, smooth, rather thin ; reddish fulvous, articulated with white next the sutures. Length, 13 mill. Bay of Guayaquil. C. INFUMATA, Crosse. PI. 47, fig. 45. Shell ovate-elongate, rather thick, smooth, not shining ; chestnut-brown, with scarcely visible white maculations next the suture. Length, 12 mill. So. Australia. Section IV. Mitrella, Ri?so Shell mitriform, smooth, with moderate spire; columella smooth or with a few anterior rugosities ; outer lip smooth or crenulated within. I unite with this group Astyris and Amycla (in part) of H. and A. Adams. The principal species of the latter are true Nax*&< and are described in vol. iv, 36, 37. (1. IDALINA, Duclos. PI. 47, figs. 46, 47. Shell smooth, polished, yellowish or rosy white, apex pink, with a row of opaque white spots on the periphery, sqmetimes shaded, and occasionally reappearing at the sutures of the upper whorls. Length, 8* mill. St. Thomas, W. I. (Swift). Under a glass, the shell is sometimes covered with smooth, rounded longitudinal ribs ; the outer lip appears to be smooth within. C. gulttirosa, Duclos (fig. 47), is a larger shell according to the figure given, but does not otherwise differ from a faded state of C. idalina. C. MOLECULINA, Duclos. PL 47, figs. 48, 49. Shell white, with an open network of chestnut, and darker chestnut curved markings near the suture, defining a sutural band ; sometimes the surface is covered with chocolate, except the sutural space and the defining markings. Habitat unknown. 118 MITRELLA. The dark-surfaced species included in the above description is C. denticulata, Duclos (fig. 49) ; the form of the shell and pattern of coloration leave not a doubt of its identity with C. moleculina. I feel almost assured of the identity of these shells with C. ida- lina, although I find none among the numerous specimens of that shell before me, showing their coloration. C. REEVEI, Carpenter. PL 47, fig. 50. Shell with fine revolving linear grooves ; white more or less clouded or spotted with chestnut-brown, often forming a revolving row of spots below the suture, or brown with white spots below the suture ; interior of outer lip very faintly plicate. Length, 8 mill. Guacomayo to Cape St. Lucas, Gal. First described by Carpenter as C. Santa- Barbarensis, and subsequently changed as above, because the species is of more tropical distribution, and is believed not to approach Santa- Barbara, Cal. C. IONIDA, Duclos. PI. 47, fig. 51. Shell uniform pale rose or orange, the spire and upper portion of the body with rounded longitudinal ribs, the lower portion of the body-whorl with revolving lines ; outer lip dentate within. Length, 13 mill. Habitat unknown. Although comparatively large the original figures of this species appear to indicate juvenility. The form of the shell scarcely permits its arrangement in this group, recalling that of the typical Columbellaa, but the dentition of the outer lip is different, and in the sculpture there is some analogy with 6'. idalina. . C. IRRORATA, Reeve. PI. 47, tig. 5*2. Shell acuminately oblong, smooth, spire acicular, whorls convex, the last groove-striated at the base ; yellowish, finely dotted with orange throughout, and encircled beneath the sutures with orange-shaded, snow-white spots; aperture ovate, lip denticulated within. Length, 15 mill. Australia (Mus. Cuming), Taxman ia (Woods). C. ACICULA, Reeve. PL 47, figs. 53, 54. Shell subulate, slender, solid, variegated throughout with minute MITRELLA. 119 brown flames and opaque white ; spire sharp ; whorls seven, flatly convex; aperture small, lip thickened, denticulated within. Length, 19 mill. California (Mus. C timing). This locality has not been verified by Californian collectors, and I do not know that the species has been recognized by con- chologists generally : I am unacquainted with it. G. vexillum^ Reeve (fig. 54), appears to be a state of this species in which the flames are replaced by irregular longitudinal strigations ; it is said to come from the Gulf of California, and is equally unknown to me. C. LIGULA, Duclos. PL 47, fig. 55. Shell oblong, acuminated, smooth ; whitish, yellowish, stone- color, etc., with three marbled or closely reticulated bands of chestnut or slate-color, sometimes interspersed with white spots, sometimes the bands are confluent, covering the whole surface or nearly all; aperture white, the outer lip plicate within, slightly notched and shouldered posteriorly. Length, *8-l inch. riiilippines, Solomon's and Viti Islands. One of the most beautiful of the species and varying infinitely in the shades and disposition of the colors. C. INDICA, Reeve. PL 47. fig. 56. Shell with revolving grooves ; white, with two series of revolving oblique chocolate spots ; lip thickened, denticulated within. Length, 11 mill. India (Cuming) . C. IMPOLITA, Sowb. PL 47, figs. 57, 58. Shell elongately turret ed, spire plicately ribbed towards the apex ; whorls flatly convex, fulvous chestnut, encircled above with a white band ; aperture small, denticulated within. Habitat unknown- This species was described from a single worn specimen in the Cumingian collection. From this specimen, presumably, the two very different illustrations in Sowerby (fig. 57) and Reeve (fig. 58) were drawn. Sowerby figures and describes a shell w^ith smooth spire-whorls. 0. VITTATA, Reeve. PL 47, fig. 59. Shell acicular, fulvous, encircled with a single, superior, broad 120 MITRELLA. chestnut band ; whorls flatly convex, smooth ; aperture small, lip simple. Length, 7-9 mill. Iba, Province of Zambales, Luzon, Philippines (Cuming). I have before me two specimens said to come from Australia which perfectly agree with the above shell except that the outer lip is toothed within ; if they are of this species, they connect it with C. impolite. C. TNTEXTA, Gaskoin. PL 47, figs. 60-02. Shell acicular, smooth, with revolving stria? at the base ; white, longitudinally strigated and spotted with dark chestnut or choco- late ; outer lip smooth, or slightly plicate within. Length, 18 mill. Darnley fsl., Torres Sts., N. Australia (Brazier). The synonymy includes C. fusillus, Reeve (fig. 61) and C. crepusculum, Reeve (fig. 62). C. ACHATINA, Sowb. PI. 47, figs. 63, 64. Shell smooth ; yellowish white, marbled and longitudinally flamed with chestnut ; whorls six, flatty convex, the body-whorl with basal revolving striae ; aperture brownish or violaceous, outer lip thickened and dentate within. Length, '8 inch. Swan River, Australia. Sowerby's figure (fig. 63), which is decollated, is from an indi- vidual with more convex whorls than that represented by the (probably enlarged) figure in Reeve (fig. 64). C. LINCOLNENSTS, Reeve. PI. 48, fig, 65. Shell smooth, shining, striate at the base; spire long, sharp pointed; whorls flattened; yellowish white, covered by a network of chestnut, sometimes sparsely, and frequentty so close as to cause the surface to appear a uniform chestnut-color; aperture chestnut or violaceous within, the outer lip interiorly dentate. Length, 12 mill. Australia, Tasmania. This is a common species ; and may be a small variety of C. achatina — from which it hardly ditlrrs in form, and hut little in coloring. C. MENKEANA, Reeve. PL 48, fig. 66. Narrowly acuminated, smooth, fulvous, encircled sometimes by an interrupted red band on the periphery, and another below MITRELLA. 121 the suture; aperture short, wide below, with truncated canal ; lip slightly notched above, faintly denticulated within. Length, 15 mill. Australia. The spots on the bands are frequently arrow-shaped. C. BELLA, Reeve. PI. 48, lig. 67. Shell fusiformly pyramidal, with long pointed spire, and rather flat whorls, separated by a well-marked suture; yellowish white, with chestnut longitudinal flames, a light band at the suture, with chestnut fasciculations, another light band on the periphery, bordered with chestnut spots. Length, 13 mill. China. C. BLANDA, Sowb. PI. 48, flgs. 68, 69. Shell ovately pyramidal, smooth, polished, slightly striate at the base ; outer lip shouldered and obscurely sinuate above, usually barely dentate within ; white, with narrow, longitudinal, zigzag chestnut lines, wrhich become darker at the suture, and especially on the back of the shell ; interior whitish. Length, 13 mill. Africa (Solaiider). C. adiostina, Duclos (lig. 69), a figured but undescribed species, ignored by subsequent monographers, appears to me to approxi- mate to this form. C. ALBINA, Kiener. PL 48, figs. 70, 71. Shell oblong, smooth ; body-whorl slightly shouldered at the suture, where it is sometimes rudely plicate on the back, base smooth or sparsely striate; outer lip much thickened, and dentate within; whitish, variously spotted, marbled or banded with chestnut, yellow or slate-color ; aperture white or yellowish. Length, 18 mill. Philippines (Cuming), Viti Isles (Garrett). C. MARGARITA, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 72. Shell ovate, stout, with obtuse spire, smooth, somewhat swollen and wrinkled beneath the suture; yellowish white, with chestnut and opaque white maculations, sometimes obscurely banded and usually with a row of small chestnut spots defining a white or maculated subsutural band. Length, 10 mill. Sandwich Islands. Related to C. albino,, but smaller, stouter, spire more obtuse, etc. 16 3 22 MITRELLA. C. CRIBRARIA, Lam. PI. 48, figs. 73-77. Shell oblong-pyramidal, the apex usually truncated ; reticulated with chestnut or chocolate and white, sometimes obscurely light- banded below the periphery ; usually, the chocolate color predomi- nates, so that the white appears upon it as a series of regularly disposed round white spots ; interior of aperture white, in adults, the outer lip dentate within. Length, '7 inch. West Indies, Mazatlan to Cape St. Lucas, Panama, Galapagos, Goree, West Africa, Ascension Isl. There can be no doubt of the large distribution of this species indicated by the above localities. The Seas of Java and Philip- pines have been also cited, but not with the same certainty as the others. The species appears to be equally common in the West Indies and in the subtropical waters of the West Coast of N. America. Gmelin's name, Valuta ocellata, has priority, but the species is so well known as C. cribraria that it would be inadvisable to change it. C. ar<7M,s*,d'Orb (fig. 76), appears to be the juvenile state. Buc. parvulum, Bunker (fig. 77), is a synonym. C. DELICATA, Reeve. PL 48, fig. 78. Shell smooth and shining; yellowish white with a delicate close network of orange-red lines ; lip slightty sinuated above, denticu- lated within. Length, 13 mill. Guatemala. Is perhaps only a variety of C. cribraria. C. CERVINETTA, Carpenter. The typical form was described from M single specimen -27 inch long, the var. obsoleta from a juvenile and adult, the latter of which is '19 inch long. The pattern of coloring is said to be like C. cribraria, but the spire is supposed to present distinctive features. Mazatlan. Not figured. C. DALLI, E. A. Smith. Shell fusiformly ovate, yellowish white, reticulaU'd with pnlc brown, the interstices being of irregular shapes and sizes — or in other words, it is pale brown, closely spotted irregularly with yellowish white; epidermis very thin; apex eroded, remaining MITRELLA. 123 whorls 6, flattish or scarcely convex, smooth, separated by a deep suture, giving the spire a slightly turreted aspect ; last whorl feebly angular at the middle, contracted inferioiiy, and striated around the extremity ; aperture pale lilac within, occupying about three-sevenths of the entire length ; outer lip arcuate, thickened, especially at the upper part ; thin at the margin, and armed within the mouth with about 7 elongated tubercles ; columella arched above, oblique at the base, with indications of one or two tubercles below the middle, covered with a thin whitish callosity ; basal canal a little recurved. L. 14, cliam. 5'33 mill. ; aperture 6 long, 2*5 broad. Vancouver's Island. This species is broader than C. cribraria, has a less acuminated and more turreted spire, and the color is much paler ; the outer lip, too, does not exhibit nearly so distinct a superior sinus and the last whorl is more contracted at the base, forming more of a distinct basal canal with the lower extremity of the- labrum. The above is the full description of this unflgured species. The distinctive characters from C. cribraria do not appear to be very well marked, and the habitat given perhaps needs verifi- cation. C. D^DALA, H. Adams. Shell narrow, elongate ; pallid luteous, reticulated with chestnut and maculated with the same color at the suture ; outer lip sinuated behind, not dentate. Length, 5 mill. New Hebrides. I have not seen this species ; the description much resembles a small, well-covered C. cribraria. C. OBLITA, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 78. Shell minutely spirally striated throughout ; transparent white, with longitudinal orange-brown streaks ; aperture small, the colu- mella excavated, the outer lip simple. Length, 8 mill. Peru. C. VELATA, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 79. Shell ovate, smooth, shining; very densely reticulated with chestnut, whorls rather flattened ; aperture small, lip denticulated within, slightly siuuated at the upper part. Habitat unknown. 1 24 MITRELLA. A smooth shell, of simple growth, veiled, as it were, with a very close network painting of dark chestnut. I reproduce Reeve's description and figure ; the type was in the Taylor collection. It looks very much like a well-covered specimen of C. cribraria. C. FLEXUOSA, Lam. PL 48, figs. 81, 82. Shell oblong, thick, smooth; whitish, with longitudinal chestnut- colored, flexiious lines ; spire acuminated, volutions seven, (some- times) furnished with a single row of small tubercles ; aperture oblong-ovate, white within ; internal teeth of the outer lip few and distant. Length, 18 mill. Isle of France. This is a very doubtfully identified species. Sowerb}^ states that the only specimen he has seen wras obtained from the Lamarckian collection by Mr. Cuming, and was tuberculated as above described : on the other hand the specimen figured by Kiener (fig. 81), as from the Lamarckian collection is smooth, and differs in other respects from Sowerby's example. The figures in Sowerby (fig. 82) and Reeve are so close to C. Australis, Gaskoin, as to strongly indicate specific identity — in which case, Lamarck's species would, of course, have (!. EMARGINATA, Reeve. PL 48, fig. 84. Shell ovate, rat her stout, shining; whitish, banded mid blotched with red-brown net work, spirally bilineated towards the apex; spire rather short, sharp, whorls ribbed near the apex. then smooth ; aperture small, lip conspicuously notched at the upper part, strongly denticulated within. Length, 10 mi?l. This shell, in the Cumingian collection, is said to be like C. /Hilch.eUa ( elegantula) but more solid and more strongly colored, with a more than usual ema ruination of the lip. C. MICANS, Pease. PL 48, fig. 85. Shell smooth, polished, slightly striate at the base; spire- whorls flattened, apex acute; light purple, under tine chestnut streaks and reticulations, the sutures generally marked with a row of narrow white lines ; aperture light purple within ; outer lip dentate. Paumotus Isles (Pease); Viti Isles (Garrett). MITRELLA. 125 Apparently closely allied to the preceding species, but has smooth spire-whorls, and somewhat different coloring. C. BROOKEI, Reeve. PL 48, fig. 86. Shell fusiform, narrow, somewhat curved, smooth, linearly grooved at the base ; yellowish, densely waved with chestnut streaks, stained darker at the base ; aperture narrow, lip denticu- lated within. Sarawak, Borneo (Mus. Taylor). I am not acquainted with this species ; the figure resembles the smooth variety of C. zebra, Gray, except that the spire is longer. C. SEMICONVEXA, Lam. PL 48, figs. 87-93. Shell rather thick, smooth, striated at base ; pale, longitudinally flamed and reticulated with red-brown ; aperture roseate within ; outer lip strongly dentate. Length, 8-18 mill. »S. Australia, Tasmania. Varies considerably in form and coloring. With this are to be placed as synonyms G. rosacea, Reeve (fig. 89). and C. saccharata, Reeve ( fig. 90), short and long specimens which have lost their overlying reticulated pattern of chestnut spots jind Hames. (..'. lntea, Quoy dig. 91), from Tonga-Taboo, is an unrecognized species, which may. perhaps be a worn C. xc.ni/co/irexa; veiy likely C. polUa, Reeve (fig. 92), described from a single specimen in the Taylor collection, and without habitat, is also a synonym. C. miltostoma, Tenison-Woods, was described from a small specimen, six millimetres long; I have specimens (fig. 93) agreeing essentially with this description and eight mill, in length, strongly resembling C. rosacea, above ; the two may constitute a minor variety, perhaps. C. PICTA, Reeve. PL 48, fig. 94. Shell ovate, rather thick, spire somewhat obtuse, smooth ; reticulately flamed with chocolate and white ; aperture rather small, narrow ; lip thickened, denticulated within. Length, 13-5 mill. Habitat unknown (Mus. Cuming). I think this will prove to be a color-variation of the last species. 126 MTTRELLA. C. TICAONIS, Sowerby. PL 48, fig. 95. Shell ovate, turgid in the middle, with moderate spire, spirally striated; longitudinally marbled with pale yellowish and chestnut ; outer lip thickened externally, its edge thin, with a few small denticles within. Length, 11 mill. L Ticao, Philippines; at 7 fathoms in sandy mud (H. Cuming). " A bright, richly painted shell, rather more attenuately restricted at the base than is usual in this genus." — Reeve. I am not acquainted with this species. C. DICTUA, Tenison-Woods. PI. 48, fig. 96. Shell small, narrowly ovate, with acute spire, shining ; closely angularly reticulated with yellow and brown, forming acute zigzag markings of equal width ; aperture ovate, wide in front. Length, 9 mill. JV. Tasmania. The form is like a very small C. semiconvexa ; there are no spots or cloudings of any kind. The species has not been here- tofore figured ; I am able to give an illustration from a specimen kindly communicated to me by Mr. C. E. Beddome of Hobart Town. C. AUSTRALIS, Gaskoin. PI. 49, figs. 97, 98. Shell fusiformly oblong, fulvous reticulated and blotched with chestnut, sometimes with an obscure covered broad white band at the suture and a narrower one below the periphery ; body-whorl contracted below, with revolving stria1 ; outer lip usually dentic- ulated within. Length, 15-18 mill. New South Wales, Australia. It is found under stones, at low tide, in company with G. semiconvexa; from which it is distinguished by its anterior con- traction and (in fresh specimens) by its epidermal frill below the sutures. Sometimes the entire body-whorl is obscurely striate. The variability of the species is shown by the second figure. C. AUSTRINA, Gaskoin. PI. 49, fig. 99. Shell smooth, ivory-white, shining, with a broad red or rosy band on the periphery; lip notched above, strongly dentated within. Length, 13 mill. Australia. C. ANNULATA, Reeve. PL 49, fig. 100. Shell smooth, ivory-white, with a conspicuous narrow chestnut MITRELLA. 127 revolving line, appearing on the spire-whorls ; outer lip faintly sinuated above, denticulate within. Length, 13 mill. Australia. The form is the same as in C. austrina, the only difference being in the position and width of the colored band. I think that they will prove to be identical, and that both are described from worn specimens which have lost a more superficial coloring. C. ARANEOSA, Gould. Shell, form of C.austrina, but reticulated and maculated with fulvous and white ; aperture violet-tinted. Length, 10 mill. Kagosima B«, 1878 72, 198 INDEX. 203 PAGE. Australia (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc. 1851, p. 5 126 Australis (, Margin ella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 75,1844 27 Australis (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 8, f. 3, 4, 1835 86 Austrina (Columbella), Gaskoin, Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. '9 126 Avara (Columbella), Say. Jour. Acad. N. Sc., Phila., ii, p. 230, 1822 159 Avara (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 1, f. 1, 2 133 Avellana (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 360, 1822. = M. persicula, Linn. Avellana (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p, 320 77 Avena (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i. 391, t, 76, f. 130, 1846. = M. Philippinarum, Redfield 50 Avena (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 25, f. 158, 1859 127 Avena (Marginella), Valenc. Kiener, Coq. Viv., 17, t. 6, f. 24, 1834. Avenacea (Marginella), Desh. Lamarck, 2d edit., x, 455, 1844. - M. avena, Valenc. Avenella (Marginella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 73, 1881. — M. avena, Val. var 60 Azemula (Oliva), Duclos, Monog., t. 14, f. 2, 1835. •= 0. erythrostoma, Lam. Azona (Marginella), Menke. Zeit. Mai., 37, 1849. =M. cornea, Lam. Azora (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 12, f. 3, 4 136 Azorica (Columbella), Drouet. Moll. Mar. Acores, p. 34. = C. rustica, Linn. Babbi (Columbella), Tryon 135 Baccata (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 9 114 Baculus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 25, f. 157, 1859. Baculus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 157, 1859 143 Badia (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 151. ±= C. pulla, Gaskoin. Baetica (Oliva), Carpenter. Brit. A^soc. Report, 661, 1863 71 Balanetta, Jousseaume. Monogr. Margin. Guerin's Mag., 1875. = Marginella, Lain. Balteata (Voluta), SolanderMSS. = Oliva guttata, Lam., subangular var. Balteata (Columbella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Ben., 1875, xliv, p. 96, pi. 8, f. 4. = C. Nevilli, Tryon. Balteata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 180; Bost. Proc., vii, 1860 172 Balteata (Ancillaria), Swains. Jour. Sc., xviii, p. 284 97 Barbadensis (Columbella), Petiver. D'Orb. Moll., Cuba, ii, 133. = C. rustica, Linn. Barthelemyi (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain, Rev. Crit., p. 78, t. 3, fig. 58, a. b. -- 0. acuminata, Marr. Baylei (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 106, t. 8, f. 5, 1875 55 Bazini (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 61, t. 7, f. 3 54 Belcheri (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 73, 1844 22 Belizana (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 22, f. 9, 10. = C. nycteis, Duclos. Bella (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 172, 1859 m Bella (Engina), Reeve (Rincinula). Conch. Ic., sp. 15. 1846 191 Bella (Engina), Garrett. Proc. Cal. Ac. Sc., iv, p. 203, 1873 196 Bellangeri (Marginella), Deshayes. In Lamarck, x, 443, 1844. = M angustata, Sowb. Bellangeri (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 27, t. 9, f. 41, 1834. = M. bullata, Born. Bellii (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 375, t. 74, f. 28, 29, 1846. ? = M. Adansoni, Kiener. 204 INDEX. Benguelensis (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 82, t. 8, f. 8. = M. exilis, Gmel. Beasoni (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 158, 1865 44 Bernardii (Marginella), Largill. Mag. Zool., t. 116, 1845 31 Bewleyi (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 4, fig. 44, 1870. = U. reticularis, Lnm. Beyerleana (Marginella), Bercarcli. Jour, de Conch., iv, 149, t. 5, f. 15, 16, 1853. = M. avena, Valenc 50 Bibalteata (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 99, 1865. = M. gracilis, C. B. Ad. Bicanaliculata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 11, f. 7, 8. — C. bicanalifera, Sowb. Bicanalifera (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 113 183 Bicincta (Oliva). Lam. Hist. Nat. Ed. Desh., x, 619. = 0. inflita, Lam. Bicincta (Columbella), Gould. Olia, 132, Bost Proc., vii, 1860 136 Bicincta (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1871, p. 14, pi. 1, f. 8. = C. eximia, Reeve. Bicolor(Coluinbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 46, pi. 16, f. 4. •=. C. rugosa, Sow. Bidentata (Columbella), Menke. Moll Nov. Holl., No. 108, p. 23, 1843. = C. versicolor, Sowb. Bifasciata (Marginella), Sowb. Tankerville Cat., t. 1, f. 4 (not 3), 1825. = M. Adansoni, Kiener Bifasciata (Marginella), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 357, 1822 19 Bifasciata (Oliva), Kiister. Weinkauff, Monog., 38. ^=O. reticularis, Lam. Bifasciata (Marginella), Sowb. Tankerville Cat,, t. 2, f. 3 (not 4), 1825. = M. faba, Linn. Bifasciata (MarginelU), in part, Kiister. Conch. Cab., t. 1, f. 11, 1865. = M. Adansoni, Kiener. Biflammata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 35. f. 226, 1859 140 Bilineata (Marginella), Krauss. Sudafr. Moll., 126, t. 6, f. 22, 1848. = M. zonata, Kiener. Bimaculata (Erato), Tate. Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 88, 1878... 12 Biplicata (Oliva), Sowerby. Tank. Cat. App , t. 33 87 Bivaricosa (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 358, 1822. M. marginata. Born. Bizonata (Marginella), Weinkauff. Kiister, 142, 1878. = M. secalina, Phil. var. Blanda (Marginella), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 46, t. 13, f. 14, 15, 1844 35 Blanda (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 137 121 Blanda (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 15, f. 236, 237, 1871. — 0. funebralis, Lam., var. Bobi (Marginella), Blainv. Malacol, t. 30, f. 6, 1827. :.--M. cingulata, Dillw. Boiviui (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., pi. 11, f. 5 112 Borbonica (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 13. — M. pumila, Redf. Bourjotiana (Columbella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., iii, p. 383, pi. xiv, f. 6, 1858 185 Bouvieri (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, 208, t. 5, f. 5-7, 1877. ;= M. mediocincta, Smith. Brasiliana (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 322 90 Brasiliensis (Oliva), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, p. 130, t. 147, figs. 1367, 1368. = 0. Brasiliana, Lam. Brazicri (Oliva), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., Lon., 1877, p. 172, t. 26, f. (>. = 0. exquisita, Angas. Bridgesii (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. ix, f. 40, a, b, 1858. - C. Strombiformis, Lam. INDEX. 205 Brisei (Columbella), Brus. — C. scrip'a, Linn. Brocchii (Volvaria), Scacchi, Cat 10. - Marginellaclandestina, Brocchf. - Broderipi (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Revue crit., p. 62, t. 2, f. 39, a, b 86 Broderipii (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 53 114 Brookei (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Tc., xi, pi. 27, f. 169, 1859 125 Brunnea (Ancillaria), Schumacher. Nouv. Syst., p. 244. == A. cinnamomea, Lam. Brunnea (Oliva), Marrat. Tires. Conch., t. 4, f. 54, 55 ; t. 6, f. 75, 1870. = 0. reticularis, Lam. Buccinoides (Columbella), Les. Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 184 187 Buccinoides (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114 127 Buchholzi (Columbella), Martens. Mittheilungen, ii, p. 118, 1881 164 Bulbiformis (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 27, f. 10-13 77 Bulbosa (Oliva), Martini et Bolten. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 13, f. 184- 192. = 0. inflala, Lam. Bulbosa (Marginata), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 144, 1865.. 46 Bulltea (Marginella), Cuvier. Regne Anim., 144, t. 52, f. 2, 2 a, 1840? = M. angustata, Sowb. Bullata (Marginella), Born. Mus. Cses., 218, 1776 35 Bullata (Marginella), in part. Lam. Ann. sans Vert., vii, 360, 1822. = M. angustata, Sowb. Bullata, Jousseaume. Monog. Marg. Guerin's Mag., 1875. = Marginella, Lam. Bullata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 24, f. 448, 1871. = 0. fusiformis, Lam. Bullata (Marginella), Reichenbach. Conch., 62, t. 37, f. 530, 531, 1842. — M elegans. Gmel. Ballioides (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 10, f. 37, a, b, 1864.... 95 Bullula (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 139, 1865 54 Bullula (Oliva). Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 30, f. V 6, a, b. = 0. tehuelchana. d'Orb. Burchardi (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 3, 1864. ~ M. elegans, Gmel. Burchardi, (Marginella), Dunker. Zeit Mai., 61, 1852. = M. prunum, Gmel. Burchardti (Columbella), Dunker. Mai. Blatt, xxiv, 67, 1877 129 Cabrit'i (Harpn). Fischer. Jour. Conch., viii, t. 4, f. 1 and 2. = H. striata. Lam. Cielata (Marginelli), Montero?ato. Jour, de Conch., xxv, t. 2, f. 3. = M. miliaria, Linn. Cserulea.(OUva) (Bolton), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 4, f. 48-50. (). episcopalis, Lam. ( serulea (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., Oliva, vol. vi, f. 70, 1850. = 0. cyanea, Reeve. Cserulea (Voluta) (Mawe), Wood. Ind. Test. Suppl., t, 1, f. 36. Oliva volutella, Lam. Coerulescens (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert , vii, 356, 1822. = M. prunum, Gmel. Caffra (Ancillaria), Forskal. Sowb., Thes. Conch. — A. cinnamomea, Lam. Calameli (Marginella), Jousseaume. Guerin's Mag., 202, t. 18, f. 3, 1871-2. = M. secalina, Phil. Calculus (Marginella), Redfield. Am. Jour. Conch., vi, 1870 €7 206 INDEX. PAGE. Caldania (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr. t. 6, f. 3, 4, 1885. = 0. Australis, Duclos. Caledonica (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, 267, t, 5, f. 8-10, 1877 54 Californiana (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 12. = C. carinata, Hinds. Californica (< olumbella), Reeve Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 26, f. 165, 1859. == C. Terpsichore,. Sowb. Callianax, H. and A. Adams. Genera of Recent Moll , i, 146, 185:1. = S. G. of Oliva, Brug 60, 87 Callosa (Oliva), Anton. Verzeichniss, 102. Not identified. Callosa (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 137, 1870 56 Callosp. (Erato), Adams and Reeve. Voy. Satnarang, 25, t. 10, f. 32, 1850. (.) Callosiuscula (Columbella), Tap. Can. Ann. Mus. Civico, S. Nat. Genoa, ix, p. 280. 1877 ' '. 184 Calosoma (Oliva), Marrat (not Duclos). Thes. Conch., f. 214, 215, 1871. zr= 0. Lecoquiana, Ducros. Calosoma (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., xvi, f. 1, 2, 1835 76 Cana (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch , p. 15, t. 11, f, 152, 1870. O. mustellina, Lam. Canaliculata (Lolumbella), Menke. Mai. Blatt., xviii. 126. = C. splendidula, Sow. Canalifera (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 4, f. 9, 10, fossil. Canalispira, Jous. Monog. Marginella, 107, 1875. — Marginella, Lam. Cancellata (Voluta), Schreibers. Conchyl., 118, 1793. Marginella elegans, Gmel. Cancellata (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851. p. 6. = C. obesa, C. B. Ad. Cancellata (Harpa), Chem. Sowerby, f. 26, Chem., t. 152, f. 1453. = H. striata. Lam. Cancellatum (Harpa), young. Wood, Ind. Test., t. 22, f. 50. = H. striata, Lam. Candida (Ancillaria), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 304. == A. ampla, Gml. Candida (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 382, t, 75, f. 86, 87, 1846. = M. Margarita, Kiener. Candida (Oliva), Lam. Enc. Meth., pi. 360, f. 4. O. ispidula, Linn. Canella (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., Guerin's Mag., 202, 1875. r— M. oblonga, Swains. Cantharus (Marginella), Reeve. Icon., f. 110, 1865 34 Capensis (Cystiscus), Stimpson. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 55, t. 8, f. 2, 1865. = Marginella cystiscus, Redf. Capeusis ( VlargineUa), Dunker". Krauss, Siidaf. Moll., 125, t, 6, f. 21, 1848. 34 Capensis (Oliva), Sowb. Thes. Conch., p. 41, t. 25, f. 469. ? = 0. Anazora, Duclos. Carbonaria (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., f. 22, 1846. Engina 189 Caribsea (Marginella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba,, ii, 97, t. 20, f. 24-26. = M. apicina, Menke. Carinata (Columbella), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, Moll., p. 39, pi. 10, f. 15, 16,1844 116 Carmione, Gray. Zool. Proc., 39, 185S. Oliva, Brug. Carnea (Marginella), Storer. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., i, 4C>5, t. 9, f. 3, 4, 1837. 33 Carnea (Marginella), Sowerby (in part). Thes. Conch., i, :>98, t, 76, f. 102, 114 (not 1U3), 1846. M. oblonga, Swains. Carneola, pars (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 22, f. 60, a. = 0. sidelia, Duclos. Carneola (Oliva), Gmelin. Gml. Linn., p. 844:1, n. 24.... 87 INDEX. 201 PAGE. Carneola (Marginalia), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 50, t..l, f. 14, 1851... 42 Carolina? (Columbellaj, Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, p. 541, pi. 30, f. 9, 1876. = C. sagitta, Gaskoia. Caroliniana (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 19, f. 5-8, 1885. = 0. mustellina, Lnm. Castanea (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat. ? — Columbella. Castanea (Columbella), Gould. Pro. Bos. Soc. N. H., iii, p. 170. = C. unifasciata, Sowb. Castanea (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832. p. 118 105 Castanea (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch., f. 20-28. - A. cinnamomea, Lam. Catenata (Marginella), Reeve (in part). Conch. Icon., f 72 (not a, b), 1805., M. pu'cherrima, Gaskoin. Catenata (Marginella), Montagu, Test. Brit., 286, t. 6, f. 2, 1803 38 Catenata (Columbella), Sowb. Pro Zoo. Soc., 18-14. p. 52 179 Cauta (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 25, t. 20, f. 327, 328. = 0. acuminata, Lam, Cavea (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 31, f. 203, 1859 156 Cedo-nulli (Meta), Keeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. i, f. 3, 1859. — C. Philippinarum, Reeve, var. Cerealis (Columbella), Menke. Reeve, Icon., f. 118, 1858. = C. Kraussi, Sowb. Cervinetta (Columbella). Carp. Ma/at. Cat., 493, 1857 122 Cessaci (Volvarina), Rochbrune. Bull. Soc. Phil., 1881 ; Nouv. Archives du Museum, 2 ser. iv, 292, t. 17, f. 14 52 Chaperi (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 14, t. 7, f. 1 26 Chemnitzh (Voluta), Dillw. Desc. Cat. Marginella 56 Chilotygma, H. and A. Adams. Genera of Rec. Moll., i, 149, 1853. Monoptygma, Lea. Chlorostoma (Columbella), Sowb. Thes., i, p. 113, pi. 36, f, 17, 18 112 Choava (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 37, f. 289, 1859 137 Chrisopsis (Columbella), Duel. Mouogr., pi. 13, f. 5, 6 Fossil. Chrysalloidea (Columbella), Carp. Pro. Cal. Ac. Sc., iii, p. 223 135 Chrysomelina (Marginella), Redf. Ann. N. Y. Lye., iv, 492, t. 17, f. 2, 1848 39 Cincinnata (Columbella) von Martens. Mobius, Mauritius, 248, t. 20, f. 14, 1880 142 Cincta (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 21, t. 8, f. 32, 1834. = M. marginata, Born. Cincla (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 20, f. 47, 1850. 0. hiatula, Ginel. Cinerea (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 85. = M. semen, Rve. Cingulata (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 525. 1817 36 Cingulata (Oliva), Chemn., x, figs. 186'.», 1870. 0. gibbosa, Born. Cingulata (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, 88, sp. 2850, 1839 187 Ciugulata (Ancillaria), Sowb. Sre;. Conch., f. 6 95 Cinnamomea (Ancillaria), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 804 93 Circinata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, fig. 277. = 0. litterata, Lam. Citharula (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. x, f. 9, 10. = C. harpiformis, Sowerby. Cithara (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30, f. 230, 1859 197 Citharopsis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, 97, 1808. — Seminella, Pease. Clandestina (Marginella), Brocchi. Conch. Foss. Subapp., ii, 642, t. 15, f. 11, 1814 40 Clandestina (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t, 32, f. 253, 1845. M. columbellaria, Scacchi, vol. iv, 195. 208 INDEX. Claneophila, Gray. Zoo!. Proc., 39, 1858. = Olivancillaria, d'Orb. Claneophila (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 29, f. 8, 9, 1835. = 0. auricularia, Lam. Clara (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 18, t. 14, f. 199, 200, 1870. 0. irisans, Lam., var. concinna. Clathra (Columbella), Lesson. Rev. Zoo. Cuv. Soc., 1842, p. 184 187 Clathrata (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, p. 229, i877. 173 Clausilia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, III. Conch., t. 16, f. 11, 12. Clavulus (Columbella or Pleurotoma), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc. 1833, p. 134. 184 Cledonida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Illust., t. 17, f. 17, 18... 174 Cleryi (Marginella), Petit. Mag. Zool., t. 18, 1836 20 Cleta (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, II. Conch., t. 15, f. 13, 14 IbO Closia, Gray. Guide Moll. Brit. Mus. 36, 1857. •.= Marginella, Lam.. .. 47 Coccinea (Columbella), Monterosato. Nuova Revista, 41, 1875. — C. scripta, L. var. Coccinea (Columbella), Phil. Moll. Sicil., i, 225, 1836. = C. scripta, Linn. Ccerulescens (Marginella), var. Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 77, f. 155, 1846. ? M. Storeria, Couthuoy. Collaris (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 26, f. 164, 1859. = C. carinata, Hinds. Columba (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 3, f. 3, 4, 1835. - 0. Esther, Duclos, var. Columbellaria (Columbella), Scacchi (1836). = Mitra, vol. iv, 195. Columbellaria, Rolle. Sitzb. Akad. Wien, xlii, 266, 1861 103 Columbella, Lamarck. Prodr. 1799, Syst. An , 75, 1801 102, 103 Columbella (Erato), Menke. Zeit. Mai., 183, 1847 10, 198 Columbelliformis (Buccinum), var. B. Grateloup, Atlas, t. 36, f. 34. = Columbella scripta. Linn. Columbellina, d'Orb. Pal. Franc. Cret,, ii, 347, 1843 103, 196 Columbellopsis, Bucq. Dautz. et Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 77, 1882. = Atilia, H. and A. Adams. Columbus, Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 590, 1810. = Columbella, Lam. Columellaris •( Oliva), Sowerby. Tank. Cat. App., p. 35, 1825 67 Compressa (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 130, 1865 48 Compta (Columbella), Lischke. Mall. Blat., xxi, p. 20, 1873 130 Compta (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 24, f. 432, 1871. = 0. Anazora, Duclos. Concinna (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 35, 1846. =? Engina 194 Concinna (Columbella), Sowerby. Genera of Shells, No. 9. — C. laevisata, Linn. Concinna (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., t, 6, f. 100, 101, 1870. = 0. irisans, Lam., var. Concinnum (Buccinum), C. B. Ad. Bost. Proc., 1845, Contr. Conch., 55. = Oolumbella decipiens, C. B. Ad. Conella, H. and A. Adams (not Swainson). Genera, i, 185, 1853. = Meta, Reeve. Conella, Swainson. Malacol., 312, 1840. := Conidea, Swainson. Conidea, Swainson. Malacol., 151, 313, 1840 102, 180 Coniformis (Meta), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 122, p, 37, f. 77, 78. = C. Philippinarum, Reeve, var. Coniformis (Gibberula), Morch. Mai. Bliitt., 86, 1860. = Marginella Morchii, Redfield 56 Coniformis (Oliva), Philippi. Abb. u. Beschr., xix, 1, f. 5-7. = 0. peruviana, Lam. Conoidalis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 325. = 0. jaspidea, Gmel. INDEX. 209 Conoidalis (Marginalia), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 37, t. 12, f. 2, 1840? = M. apicina, Menke. Conoidalis ( Marginella), Chenu. Man. Conch., i, 197, f. 1046, 1859. = M. pellucida, Pfr. Conoidalis (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., x, sp. 3 98 Consobrina (Oliva), Lischke. Mai. Bl., 1871, p. 41. = 0. lepta, Duel. Conspersa (Amycla), Phil. Ads. Genera, i, 1 87. = Nassa, Manual, iv, 36. Conspersa (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 11 145 Constricta (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 74, 1844. = M. Hindsiana, Petit. Contaminata (Marginella), Gask. Zool. Proc., 20, 1849 47 Contaminata (Columbella), Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 7. =-C. conspersa, Gask. Contortuplicata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 20, f, 51. = 0. auricularia, Lam. Contracta (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon, sp., 32, 1846. = Engina. Contusa (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 9, f. 31, a, b, 1864. = 0. cinnamomea, Lam. Conulus (Murex), Olivi. Zool. Adr., 154, t. 5, f. 1, 2. = Columbella scripta, Linn. Cornea (Marginella), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 360, 1822 36 Cornea (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 13, pi. 4, f. 5. .== C. rustica, Linn. Cornea (Columbella), Payr. Moll. Corse., t. 8, f. 19. = C. scripta, Linn. Corniculata (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., Edit. Deshayes, x, p. 175. C. scripta, Linn. Corniculum (Amycla), Olivi. Ads. Genera, i, 187. = Nassa, Manual, iv, 37. Coronata (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 8, f. 11, 12, 17, 18, = C. versicolor, Sowb. Coronata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114 158 Corrugata (Amphissa), Reeve. Buecinum, f. 110, 1846; Dall, Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 111, 113 197 Corrugata (Erato), Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 12, 1865 11 Corusca (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 243, 1865 54 Costata (Harpa), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1202 97 Costata (Columbella), Val. Rec. Obs., ii, 331. ? = C. coronata, Sowb. Costata (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1860, p. 142 196 Costata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 12, f. 1, 2. = C. fluctuata, Sow. Costellata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., ii, p. Ill, 1832 153 CostelliCera (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo Soc., 1862, p. 279 176 Costulata (Columbella), Cantraine. Diag. au Descr., espec. nouv. Moll., p. 20 160, 198 Costulata (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Contr. Conch., p. 58. — C. catenata, Sowerby. Crassa (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., 60, t. 4, f. 86, 90, 91. = A. cinnamomea, Lam. Crassa (Harpa), Philippi, Mo'rch, Yoldi Cat., 125. == H. minor, Lam. Crassa (Oliva), Martini. O. inrtata, Lam. Crassilabra (Plochelsea), Gabb. Proc. Philada. Acad., 1872 60 Crassilabris (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 177, 1859 166 Crassilabrum (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846. Mv labrosa, Redfield. Crassilabrum (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 92, 1865. M. marginata, Born, minor. 27 210 INDEX. PAGE. Crenata (Harpa), Swainson. Blight, Cat. App., 5 98 Crenate-rosea (Harpa), Gray, teste Reeve. Icon. - — H. crenata, Swains. Crepusculum (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 36, f. 231, a, 1859 C. intexta, Gaskoin. Cribraria (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert 122 Crocostoma (Engina), Reeve. Ricinula, f. 40, 1846. E. carbonaria, Reeve. Crossei (Marginella), Velain. Archiv. Zool. Exp., 109, t. 3, f. 5, 6, 1877. ? M. lachryma, Reeve. Crossiana (Columbella), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., ii, p. 257, t. 7, f, 5, (1851). r. scripta, Linn. Cruenta (Voluta), Solander. Dillwyn, Cat , i, p. 514. — Oliva guttata, Lam. Cruentata (Anachis), Morch. Mai. Blatt,, vii, p. 95, 1861 154 Cryptospira, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 1844. Marginella, Lam 30 Cucumis (in part), Klein. Tent. Ostr., 1753. Marginella, Lam. Cumingiana (Marginella), Petit. Rev. Zool., 185, 1841. M. helmatina, Rang. Cumingii (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Tc., xi, pi. 25, f. 156, 1859 151 Cumingii (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 11, f. 19, a-b, 1850. = 0. araneosa. Lam., var. Juliet tse. Cumingii (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 377, t. 74, f. 33-35, 1846. = M. Cumingiana, Petit, Cuneata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 22, f. 383, 1871. - 0. nivea, Gmelin. Curta (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 105, 1832 28 Cuspidata (Columbella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, p. 242, 1877... 165 Cuvieri (Marginella), Desh. Jouss., Guerin s Mag., 251, 1875. M. bullata, Born, v;\v. Cyanea (Oliva), Reeve. Icon., f. 70, a, b, Index, 1850. — 0. puelchana, Orb. Cylindracea (Bulla), Da Costa. Brit. Conch., 31, t. 2, f. 7, 1778. Marginella pallida, Donov. Cylindrica (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., p. 17, t, 14, f. 193, 194. O. irisans, Lam., var. concinna. Cylindrica (Volvaria'i, Brown. Bulla cylindracea, Pennant. Cylindrica (Marginella), Pease. Zool. Proc., 244, 1862. M. Peasii, Reeve. Cylindrica (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch, i, 390, t. 76, f. 134, 1846... 53 Cylindrica (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., t, 2, f. 18, 19. A ampla Gmelin, Cylindrus, Breyn. Diss. phys., 6, 1732. Oliva, Brug. Cymbalum (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 86, 1878 •">"> Cymbancilla, P. Fischer. Jour de Conch., 33, 1881. Anolacia, Gray. Cypnca (Bulla), Dillw. Cat, i, p. 490, vix Linne. : Ancillaria cinnamomea, Lam. Cyprtuacea (Marginella), Bory. Encyc. Meth., t. 376, f. 6. M. cornea, Lam. Cypnvoides (Marginella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 122, 1877 2:', Cypneoides (Erato), C. B. Adams. Bost. Proc., ii, 1, 1845. ? E. Maugeria?, Gray 10 Cypneola (Marginella), Sowb. Zool Proc., 67, 18-32. Erato scabriuscula, Gray. Cypraeola( Voluta), Brocchi. Conch. Subap., ii, 321, t. 4, f. 10, 1814. Erato Uevis, Donov. i«M»r) INDEX. 211 Cystiscus, Stimpson. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 55, 1865. = Marginella, Lam. Cystiscus (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 230, 1870 ,„ Dactylidia, H. and A. Adams. Genera of Recent Moll., i, 146, 1853. = Olivella, Swains. Dactyliola (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 27, f. 5-8, 1835. = 0. funebralis, Lam., var. Dactyliola. pars (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 27, f. 9. = 0. bulbiformis, Duclos. Dactylus, Klein. Ostracol., 77, 1753. Oliva, Brug. Dactylus, Humphr. Cat. (not Klein). Marginella, Lam. Dactylus (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 360, 18'J2...,, 36 Dsedala (Columbella), H. Adams. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1873, p. 205, pi. 23, f. 2. 123 Dalinla (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 8, f. 7, 8. = C. varians, Sowb. Dalli (Columbella), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 5th ser., vol. vi, p. 287 (1880) 122 Dama (Oliva), Mawe. Wood. Ind. test, Suppl., t 5, f. 37 (Voluta) 71 Darwini (Columbella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 181, 1877. == C. lentiginosa, Reeve. Davisiana (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 205, 1877 20 Dealbata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 25, f. 71, 1850. :=0. nivea, Gmel. Debilis (Marginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 22. 1872 45 De Bui ghias (Marginella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 509, 1863 38 Decipiens (Columbella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., p. 58. == C. obesa, C. B. Ad. Decollata (Columbella), Brusina. Verhandl. zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv, p. 10, 1865. C. scripta, Linn., var. Decolor (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 132. = C. Marquesana, Gask. Decussata (Columbella), Sow. Thes. Conch., i, p. 134, pi. 39, f. 133 112 Deformis (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 44, 1846. = Engina 192 Deformis (Marginella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 23, 1874 ; 95, t, 8, f. 12, 1875 24 Delessertiana (Marginella), Recluz. Rev. Zool., 185, 1841 55 Delicata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 171 122 Dens (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 120, 1805 40 Dentilmeata (Nitidella ?), Carp. Am. Nat. Hist,, 1864, p. 48 115 Denticulata (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 87, 1878... 55 Denticulata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi 9, f. 3, 4. = C. moleculina, Duel. Depressa (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes., iii, No. 28. = A. Australis, Sow. Dermestoides (Columbella), Kiener. Buccinum, p. 52, t. 25, f. 100 131 Dermestoides (Columbella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 1867, p. 195; Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, 231. ;= C. lineolata (Pease), Brazier. Deshayesiana (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 86, t. 3, fig. 67, a, b, 1857. 90 Deshayssii (Ancillaria), A. Adams Sowerby, Thes Conch., t, 4, f. 68, 69. A. cinnamomea, Lam. Deshayesii (Columbella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iii, 382, 1859. = C. turturina, Lam. Diadocus (Oliva?). Adams et Reeve. Marrat, Thes. Conch., No. 206, 1871. 0. nivea, Gmelin. Diadochus (Marginella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 28, t. 7, f. 4, 1860. 22 Diaphana (Columbella), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 513 160 Diaphana (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 38, t. 12, f. 3, 1840 ? M. pellucida, Pfr. 212 INDEX. PAGE. Diaphana (Marginella), Kiister. Conch. Cab , t. 4, f. 5, 6. 1865. M. fauna, Sowb. Dichroa (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 50 114 Dictua (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1878, p. 34 126 Digglesi (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1874, p. 671, pi. 83, f. ii, 12 ; : .. .. no Digitale (Columbella), Lesson. Rev. Zoo. Cuv. Soc., 1842, p. 186 187 Dimidiata (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes Conch., 62, t. 3, f. 55, 56 96 Diminuta (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Cat. Sh. Panama, p. 85, 1852 177 Dipsacus, Klein. Ostracol., 36, 1753. S. G. of Ancillaria 61, 96 Discors (Culumbella), Gmeliu. Syst. nat., p. 3455 182 Dissirnilis (Columbelln), Stimpson. Pro. Bos. S. N. H., iv, p. 114, 1857. = C. zonalis, Liasley. Doliolum (Columbella), Tap. Can. Am. Mus. Civic. S. Nat. Genoa, vol. ix, 280, 1876. ? C. sagitta, Gask. Donovani (Marginella), Kiener. Iconog. Marginella, 16, t. 8, f. 34, 1834. = Erato laevis, Donovan. Doriae (Columbella), Issel. Moll. Miss. Ital. Persia, p. 11, 1865. — C. Mindorensis, Gaskoin. Dormitcr (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i. p. 143, t. 40, f. 173... 181 Dorsata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 120 185 Dorsuosa (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130, Bost Proc., vii, 1860 172 Dubia (Strombus), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, pi. 7, fig. 80. — Columbella Philippinarum, Rve., var. Dubiosa (Marginella) Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 103, t, 15, f. 17, 1872. 39 Duchon (Marginella), Adanson. Jousseaume, Guerin's Mag., 262, 1875. M. interrupte-lineata, Muhlf. Duclosi (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 19, f. 44 85 Duclosi, pars (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germ. Rev. Crit., p. 59 (non Reeve). O. Stainforthi, Reeve. Ducloiiana (Oliva), Jay. Cat., p. 367. = 0. Duclosi, Reeve. Duclosiana (Columbella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 136, t. 21, f. 31-30, 1853 133 Duclosiana (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 113, t. 36, f. 15-16.. 112 Dujardinii (Turbinella), Homes (1856). ^Columbella Greci, Phil. Dunkeri (Marginella), Krauss. Sudaf. Moll., 126, t. 6, f. 23, 1848. — M. zonata, Kiener. Dunkeri (Columbella), Tryon 129 Dupontiie (Meta), Kiener. Reeve, Icon., sp. 6, 1859. =- C. Philippiuarum, Reeve, var. Dysoni (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. xvii, f. 92, 1858 107 Ebenum (Columbella), Phillrppi. Mai. Blatt., xv, p. 223. C. unifasciata, Sowb. Eburnea (Ancillaria), Deshayes. Lam. Hist. Nat., 2d ed., x, p. 591. = 0. cinnamomea, Lam. Eburnea (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus , xvi, p. 326. O. nivea, Gmet. Effulgens (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 104, 1805. — M. avena, Valenc. Effusa (Ancillaria). Swains. Jour. Sc., p. 278. A. cinnamomea, Lam. Egeria (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, III. Conch., t. 4, f. 19, 20 181 Egira (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 5, f. 24, 25. 0. ispidula, Linn. Egouena, Jousseaume. Monog. Marg., Guerin's Mag., 1ST"). Marginella, Lam. Elata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 25, f. 155, 1859.... 150 INDEX. 213 PAGE. Electona (Columbella), Duclos. Monog., pi. 9, f. 11, 12 164 Electroides (Columbella). Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 72, 1858 117 Electrum (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 118, 1865. = M. hgematita, Kiener. Elegant (Marginelli), Gmelin. Syst. Nat,, 3448. 1788 30 Elegans (Alcira), H Adams. Pro. 7 >ol Soc , 1860, p. 451 188 Elegans (Engina), Gray. Voy. Blossom, p. 113, Moll., 1830. = E. turbinella, Kiener. Elegans (Triton), Thompson. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xv, 317, t. 19, f. 1. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv., 305. —Eugina farinosi, Old. Elegans (Nitidella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 116 115 Elegans (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114 186 Elegans (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus. xvi, p. 312 76 Elegantula (Mitrella), Morch. Mai. Blat;., vii, 94, 1861 158 Elliptica (Marginella), RedtielJ. Cat. Marg., 232, 1870 36 Elongata (Volutella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 281, t. 23, f. 23, 1868. = Marginella el'iptica, Redf. Elongata ( Ancillaria), Gray. App. Voy. Fly., vol. ii, p. 357, t. 1, f. 5... 96 Elongata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 22, f. 386, 387. = 0. floralia, Duclos. Emarginata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30, f. 190, 1859 124 Etneliodina (Oliva), Duclos in Cheriu, 111 Conuh., t. 21, f. 19, 20. = 0. episcopalis, Lam. Emicator (Oliva), Meuschen. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 5, f. 57-60. = 0. guttata, Lam. Encaustica (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 148, 1865. ? = M. quinqueplicata, Larn., juv. Encaustica (Columbells), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. xii, 56, 1858 164 Engina, Gray. Zool. Voy. Beechey, 113, 1839 103, 188 Epamella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 5, f. 1-2, 19, 20. = C. Philippinarum, Reeve. Epidelia (Columbella). Duclos. Chenu, Conch. II., t. 25, f. 17, 18 IV 0 Epigrus (Marginella), Reeve Conch. Icon., f. 151, 1865. ? --: M. exilis, Gmelin. Episcopalis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 313 74 Era,to, Risso. Hist. Nat. de Nice., iv, 240, 1826 7 Eratoidea, Weinkauff. Kiister's Conch. Cab., 126, 140, 1878. = Marginella, Lam. Eratopsis, Hoernes and Auinger. Abhandl. K. K. Geol. Reichs., xii, pt. 2, 63, 1880 7,11 Erythrostoma (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 309, n, 3. = 0. irisans, Lam., var. Esmilota (Oliva) Duclos. Monogr., pi. 4, f. 5, 6, fossil. Esodina (Oliva), Duclos in Chenu, t. 16, f. 19, 20. = O.Duclosi, Reeve. Es-iingtonensis (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 174, 1859. 149 Esther (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 3, f. 7, 8, 1835 66 Eustoma (Columbella), Jouss. Bui. Soc. Zoo., i, p. 26(5, pi. v, f. 3-4, 1876. 182 Evania (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 20, f. 3, 4. O. sanguinolenta. Lam. Evanida (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 288, t. 75. f. 69, 1846 27 Exigua (Ancillaria), Sowb. Sp. Conch. Anc , 6, f. 33, 34, 35. — Monoptygma 91 Exigua (Oliva) (Martini), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 33, t. 22, f. 339-401 ----- 0. ja«pidea, Gmelin. Exilis (Columbella), Philippi. Menke, Zeit , 1849, p. 23 150 Exilis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 452. 0. lepta, Duclos. 214 INDEX. Exilis (Voluta), Chiaje. Poll, Test. Sicil., iii, 30, t. 46, f. 35, 36, 1825-6 Marginella secalina, Phil. Exilis (Marginella), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3444, 1788 57 Eximia (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp., 45, 1846 = Engina 193 Eximia (ColumbelH), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 35, f. 222 150 Exquisita (Oliva), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon., 1871, p. 13, 88, t. 1, f. 2. 71 Faba (Oliva), Marrat. Thes Conch., p. 20, t. 16, f. 238, 239, 1871. 0. sidelia. Duel. Faba (Marginella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, x, 730, 1758 21 Faba (Marginella), Chenu. Lecons Elem., t. 17, f. 720, 1847. M. pseudofaba, Sowb. Faba (Voluta), var. Dillw. Desc. Cat., 528, 1817. = Marginella bifasciata, Lam. Fabagina (Oliva), Lam. Hist, nat., ed. Deshayes, x, 629. = 0. inflata, Lam. Fabrei (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 42, t. 2, f. 8, a, b. = (Monstrosity) 0. Maura, Lam. FabuH (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 36, t. 23, f. 420, 421. = 0; lepta, Duclos. Fabula (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 124, t. 38, f. 86, 87. - C. pardalis, Lam. Faleonta (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. i, f. 5, 6. ? = C. laevigata, Linn. Fallotina (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., pi. 4, f. 7, 8. Fossil. Farinosa (Bindsia), Gould. Otia, p. 68, 1846; Moll. Wilkes' Exped., 255, f. 323 = Engina 192 Fasciata (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 389, t. 76, f. 142, 1846 54 Fasciata (Colurnbella), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 25, 1829 105 Fasciata (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 11, f. 44, a, b, 1864. = A. marmorata, Rve. Fasciaia (Persicula), H. and A. Adams. Gen. Rec, Moll., i, 193, t. 20, f. 3, 1858. = Marginella cingulata, Dillw. Fauna (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846 48 Fenestrata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 175, 1859. = C. Adamsi, Tryon. Fenestrata (Columbella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., p. f 7, 1850.. 132 Festiva (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 32, t. 10, f. 4, 1840? 25 Festiva (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 15, pi. 11, f. 4 106 Figura (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 4, f. 45. = 0. reticularis, Lam. Filamentosa (Columbella), Dunker 157 Filicincta (Columbella), Tapp. Can. Ann. Mus. Civico. S. Nat. Genoa, vol. ix, p. 279, 1876 143 Filosa (Nitidellaj, Stearns. Pro. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 345. = C. Stearnsii, Tryon. Filosa (Columbella), Dujardin (1835). == C. Greci, Phil. Filosus (.E-iopus), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1867, p. Ill, t. 13, f. 6. .= Col . lilosa, Angas 151 Fimbriata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 29, f. 92 a-d, 1850. (). mutica, Say, var. nitidula. Flaminea (Columbella), Scacchi. Cat., p. 10. = C. scripta, Linn. Flammea, var. (Voluta), Gmel. Syst. Nat. Columbella fulgurans, Lam. Flammea (Columbella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 233; Carp. Zool. Proc., 516. 1865. = C. Marquesana, Gask. Flammulata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 314, n. 17 84 INDEX. 215 PAGE. Flava (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 11, f. 156, 157, 1870. = 0. elegans, Lam. Flava (Columbella), Bruguiere. Diet. No. 53 182 Flaveola (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 6, f. 17-20, 1835. 0. ispidula, Liiin. Flavida (Columbella), Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. ii, x, 268. =C. flava, Brug. Flavida (Ancillaria), Schumacher. Nouv. Syst., p. 206. = A. glabrata. Linn. Flavida (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lye., iv, 163, t. 10, f. 4, 1846. M. apicina, Menke. Flavus (Oliva), Meusch. 0. pica, Lam. Flexuosa (Pyrene). Button. Jour, de Conch., xviii, p. 23, 1878; Man. New Zeal. Moll., 61. - C. choava, Reeve. Flexuosa (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 175 , 124 Floccata (Columbella), Reeve Conch. IP., xi, pi. 26, f. 16U, 1859 114 Floralia (Oliva), Duclos, in Chenu, 111. Conch., p. 6 68 Fluctuata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115 153 Fluctuata (Marginella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., 66, 1850. = M. sagiltata, Hinds. Fluctuosa (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch. Col., t. 13, f. 11, 12. == C. fluctuata, Sow. Formicula (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 359, 1822 23 Formosa (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 11 140 Formosa (Oliva), .Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 3, f. 28, 29. -— 0. reticularis, Lam. Forticos'ata (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 29, 1846. — Engina carbonana, Rve. Fortunei (Oliva), Adams. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 422, 423, 1871 69 Fragaria (Voluta), Wood Ind. Test. Sup., pi. 3, f. 27, 1856. = Engina bella, Reeve. Frumentum (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 57, 1832 38 Fulgens (Marginella). Dunker. Mai. Blatt, xviii, 153, 1871 56 Fulgida (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 36, f. 78, a, b, 1850. = 0. nivea, Gmel. Fulgida (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 28, f. 178, 1859 149 Fulgurans (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 272 109 Fulgurata (Oliva), Martens. Mai. Blatt., 1869, 221. — 0. Peruvians, Lam. Fulgurata (Oliva), Adams et Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p. 31, t. 10, f. 12, 1848. 0. lepta. Duclos. Fulminans (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 421. =0. maura, Lam. Fulminata (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 33, t. 12, f. 1, 1840? 19 Fulminea (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 131, Bost. Proc., vii, I860 171 Fulva (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 42, t. 25, f. 471. ? O. episcopalis, Lam Fulva (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115 154 Fulva (Ancillaria), Swainson. Jour. Sc., xviii, p. 283. = A. cinnamomea, Lam. Fumosa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 119, 1870. = 0. tremulma, Lam. Funebralis (Oliva), Lam. Hist, nat., vii, p. 437 77 Funiculata (Ensina), Reeve. Conch. Icon., Ricinula, f. 16, 1846 194 Funiculata (Columbella), iSouverb. Jour. Conch, 1865, p. 157, pi. v, f. 8. = C. flava, Brug. Fura (Oliva), Reeve. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 55, 1858. .= 0. pura, Rv. Fusca (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 95, 1846. -_=: M. exilis, Gmelin. 216 INDEX. PAGE. Fuscata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 117 105 Fuscata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 20-22. 0. araneosa, Lam. Fuscostrigata (Columbella), Carp. Ann Nat. Hist., 1864, xiv, p. 49 ITS Fusiformis (Mitropsis), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 212, 1807. = C. Paumotensis, Tryon. Fusiformis (Columbella), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, Moll.,t. 10, f. 17, 18. C. recurva, Sowb. Fusiformis (Columbella), Nuttall. Jay's Cat. Shells, 3d edit., p. 89. ? — C. Guildingii, Sowb. Fusiformis (Columbella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 136, t, 21, f. 25-27 147 Fusiformis (Columbella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, 122, 1868. = C. sagitta, Gask. Fusiformis '(Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1865, p. 513 193 Fusiformis (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, 88, sp. 2843, 1839 187 Fusiformis (Voluta), Turton. Conch. Diet., 251, 1819. = Erato laevis, Donov. Fusiformis (Vlarginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc.,95, 1844 Fusiformis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 318 83 Fusillus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 36. f. 231, b, 1859. = C. intexta, GasK. Fusina (Marginella), Ball. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 72, 1881 57 Fustigata (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 20, pi. 5, f. 3. C. rustica, Linn. Galaxias (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 36, f. 229, 1859. = C. pagitta, Gaskoin. Galeola (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 28, f. 4, 5, 6, 1835. ±= 0. irisans, Lam. Galeola, Gray. Zool. Proc., 39, 1858. := Oliva, Brug. Gallinacea (Erato), Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 7, 1865 10 Gaml)iensis(Marginrlla),Redfield. Cat. Marginella. = M. amygdala, Kien. Garretti (Columbella), Tryon 166 Garrettii (Cythara). Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon. 1860, p. 147. = C. lachryma, Gask. Gaskoini (Anachis), Carp. Mazat. Cat., p. 510. A. tceniata, Phil. Gausapata (Columbella), Gould. Pro. Bos. Soc., N. H., iii, p. 170, 1858. = C. carinata, Hinds. Gemma (Marginella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 122, 1855. M . festiva, Kien. Gervillii (Columbella), Payr. Moll. Corse, t, 18, f. 20 C. scripta, Linn. Gibberula, Swainson. Malacol, 323, 1840. Marginella, Lam. Gibberula (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115 184 Gibbosa (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 50, t. 8, f. 6 29 Gibbosa (Engina), Garrett. Calif. Proc , iv, 203, 1872 193 Gibbosa (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 5, f. 5, 6. = C. Strombiformis, Lam. Gibbosa juv. (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., 1. 19, f. 302, 304, 305, 309, 310. -— 0. nebulosa, Lam. Gibbosa (Oliva), Born. Test. Mus. Cses., p. 215 90 Gibbosula (Columbella), Broderip. b'Orb, Voy. Am. Mer., p. 430. • — C. gibberula, Sowb. Gilvum(Bucc.), Menke. Zeit. Mai., 180, 1847. ? C. coronata, Sowb., var. Gilvum ( Buccinum), Menke. Zeit. Mai., 180, 1847. ? C. coronata, Sowb. Glabella (Margiuella), Linn. Sytt. nat., edit, x, 730,1758 17 Glabella (Voluta), var. c. Gmel., Syst. Nat., 3445, 1788. Marginella pyrum, Gronov. INDEX, 21 1 Glabella (Voluta), var. e. Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 8444, 1788. = Marginella elegans, Gmelin. Glabella, Swainson. Malacol, 324, 1840. -.= Marginella, Lam 19 Glabelloides (Voluta), Humphreys. Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 378. =r Marginella irrorata, Menke. Glabrata (Ancillaria), Linn. Syst. Nat., xii, ed., p. 1203 96 Glandiformis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 12, f. 173, 174 (vix Lam.). = U. tigrina, Lam. Glandiformis, pars (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., pars, t. 12, f. 175 (non 173, 174). 0. Lecoquiana, Ducros Glandina (Marginella), Velain. Archiv. Zool. Exp., vi, 109, t. 3, f. 3, 4, 1877 ; 43 Glandinaria (Olivella), Conrad. Carpenter Rep., p. 193. = Oliva biplicata, Sowerby. Glans (Marginella), Menke. Syn. Meth., 146, 1836. = M prunum, Gmel., var. Glauca (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 71, t. 8, f. 1. = M. elegans, Gmel. 198 Goodallii (Marginella), Sowb. Tankerville Cat, t. 2, f. 2, 1825 18 Gouldiana (Columbella), Agassiz, MbS. Stimpson, Shells of N. Eng., 48, 1851. = C. lunata, Say. Gouldii (Nitidella), Carp. Zool. Proc., 208, 1856. = C. carinata, Hinds. Gowllandi (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 671, pi. 83, f. 15, 16 170 Gracilis (Harpa), Broderip et Sowerby. Zool. Jour., iv, 373 99 Gracilis (Citharopsis), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, p. 97, 1. 1 l,f. 20, 1867. 167 Gracilis (Oliva), Broderip et Sowerby. Zoo. Jour., iv, p. 379 70 Gracilis (Marginella), C. B. Ad. Ann. N. Y. Lye , v, 46, 1851 55 Grieci (Columbella), Philippi (1844). == Mitra Columbellaria, Scacchi, vol. iv, 195. Grankella (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p, 310. == 0. textilina, Lam. Granula, Jousseaume. Monog. Margin., Guerin's Mag., 1875. = Marginella, Lam. Granum (Marginella), Kiener. Iconog., 17, t. 8, F. 33, 1835. Erato scabriuscula, Gray. Granum (Marginell). Phil. Zeit. Mai., 27, 1850.. ..!.. 43 Graphica (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 6, t, 3, f. 36, 1870. = G. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettae. Grata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 41, t. 25, f. 470, 1871. = 0. mustellina, Lain. Grisea (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 105, 1875. = M. sexplicata, Dunker. Gruneri (Harpa), Maltz. Jahrb., iv, 1877, t. 4, f. 2. = H. costata, Linn. Gualteriana (Columbella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer. Moll., p. 206. ? = C. mercatoria, Linn. Guancba (Marjrinella), Orb. Moll. Canaries, 88, t. 6, f. 32-34, 1834 41 Guatemalensis (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 31, f. 198, 1859.. 177 Guttata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 313, n. 14 74 Guttata (Columbella), Sow. Thes. Conch., p. 131. = C. cribraria, Lam. Guttata (Erato), Sowb. Thes. Conch., Hi, 82, f. 29, 30. = E. guttula, Sowb. Guttata (Marginella), Swainson. Zool. 111., 2d ser., i, t. 44, f. 2, 1829. M. phrygia, Sowb 32 Guttata (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 394, t. 78, f. 208-210, 1846. = M. calculus, Redfield. Guttata (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 526, 1817 32 28 218 INDEX. PAGE. Gutturosa (Columbella), Duclos. Monog., pi. 9, f. 9, 10. C. idalina, Duclos. Guttula (Oliva), Martini (part). Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 12, 165-168. = 0. elegans, var. tricolor, Lam. Guttula (Marginella). Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 101, 1865. = M. avena, Val., var. Guttula (Erato), Sovvb. Conch, lllust., f 50, 1841. Weinkauif, Monog. in Conch. Cab.. 156 9 Guilfordia (Columbella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., 205, t. 7, f. 87, 1826. = Erato laws, Donov. Guildingi (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 28, f. 89, a, b, 1850. = O. nivea, Gmelin. Guildingii (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 143, t. 40, f. 175, 176... 179 Guillaini (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 6U, t. 1, f. 13, 1851... 22 Htiemastoma (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro, Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 116 106 Hivmatita (Marginalia), Kiener. (Joq. Viv., ii, t. 7, f. 31, 1834 24 Hainesii (Margiuella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 260, t. 8, f. 5, 6, 1851. = M. quinqueplicata, Lam., var. Haldemani (Amycla), Dunker, Ads. Genera, i, 187. = Nassa. Manual, iv, 36. Haliaeti (Columbella), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, p. 356, v, t. 88, f. JJ. = C. costulata, Cant. Haneti (Columbella), Petit. Jour. Conch., i, 57, t. 3, f. 4, 1850. 2d ser., i, 32, 1856. =C. pavonina, Hinds. Hanleyi (Columbella), Deshayes. Cat. Moll. Bourbon, 1863, p. 131, pi. 40, f. 8-10 129 Harpa (Buccinum), Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. xii, p. 12U1. = Harpa ventricosa, Lam. Harpa, Lam. Prodr., 1799 61, 97 Harpaeformis (Marginella), Beck. Sowb., Thes. Conch, i, 374, t. 74, f. 78, 1846 . 22 Harpalis, Link. Host. Samml., iii, 114, 18U7. := Harpa, Lam. Harparia, Rafinesque. Anal. Nat., 1815. = Harpa, Lam. Harpiformis (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1882, p. 113 196 Harpularia (Oliva,) Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, 620. = 0. araueosa, Lam. Hebraea (Columbella), Lam. Auim. s. Vert., x, 270. = Mitra litterata, Lam. Helmatina (Marginella), Rang. Guerin's Mag., t. 5, 1832 19 Helvia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 1, f. 19, 20. ? = C. laevigata, Linn. Hemiltona (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 19, f. 3, 4, 1835. =: 0. elegans, Lam. Hepatica (Oliva), Marrat (not Lamarck). Thes. Conch., t. 3, f. 27, 28. (non Lam.). ^ 0. reticularis, Lam. Hepatica (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi., p. 320. 0. tremulina, Lam. Heterozona (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 62, t. 7, f. 4 53 Hiatula, Swains. MalacoL, 132, 322, 1840. = Agaronia, Gray. lliatula (Oliva), Gmelin, sp. Syst. Nat., ed. xiii, p. 3442 88 Hieroglyphica (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 24, f. OS, !«:>() 84 Hindsiana (.Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 54, 1851. M. Olivaoformis, Kiener. Hindsii (Columbella), Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc , 1851. C. carinata, Hinds. Hirundo (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 12 147 llititrio (Ricinula), Rve. Icon., sp. 36, 1846. Engina alveolata, Kiener. Holbullii (Columbella), Beck, Authors. = C. rosacea, Gould. INDEX. 21.9 Holosericea (Oliva), Martini. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 13, f, 178, 181. = 0. tigrina, Lam. Hondurasensis (Margtnella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 97, 1865. = M. pulchra, Gray. Hordeacea (Columbella), Philippi. Menke, Zeit., 1849, p. 23 179 Hotessieri (Columbella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 138, t. 21, f. 37-39 144 Humerosa (Columbella), Carp. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1865, p. 281 112 Hyalina, Schum. Nouv. Syst., 234, 1817. ;= Marginella, Lam. Ida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 14, f. 1-12. : C. atrata, Gould. Idalina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 9, f. 5, 6 117 Idosia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 22, f. 15, 16 190 Idulia (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 10, f. 3, 4 Ill Ignota (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 12. = M. neglecta, Sowb. Ilaira (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 11, 12. ? C. orphia, Duclos. Imbricata (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 76, 1844 37 Immersa (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 109, 1865. = M. tricincta, Hinds. Imperialis (Harpa), Chemnitz. Lam., x, 129. =H. costata, Linn. Impolita (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. C., i, p. 132, pi. 39, f. 127 119 Inconspicua (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 387, t. 75, f. 80, 1846. Inconspicua (Oliva), C. B. Adams. Panama Shells, 34. = 0. myriadina. Duclos. Inconspicua (Oliva), Marrat (not Adams). Thes. Conch., f. 437, 1871. — 0. nivea, Gmelin. Inconspicua (Marginella), Nevill. Jour. AH. Soc. Bengal, 23, 1874; 05, t. 8, f. 10, 11, 1875. := M. Nevilli, Jousseaume 27 Incrassata (Oliva), Solander. Dillwyn, Descr. Cat., i, p. 516 (Voluta). = 0. angulata, Lam. Incubitantes (Columbella), Martini Conch. Cab., ii, p. 113. — C. mercatoria, Lam. Indica (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. xiv, No. 66, 1858 119 Indusica (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 29, f. 43, a, b, 1850. -^ 0. hiatula, Gmelin. Infans (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 150, 1865 53 Infelix (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 75 42 Inflata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 310 75 Inflexa (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 389, t. 76, f. 150, 1846. M. fusiformis, Hinds. Infrenata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 12, f. 161, 1870. = 0. elegans, Lam. Infumata (Columbella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1863, p, 84, pi. 1 117 Inornata (Ancillaria), Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 217, pi. xx, f. 56. A. Sinensis, Sowb. Inornata (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., p. 13, t. 11, f. 155, 1870. -— 0. funebralis, Lam. Inscripta (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, p. 230, 1877.. 139 Intermedia (Marginella), Menke. Svn. Meth., 88, 1828 55 Intermedia (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 381, t. 74, f . 6 ; t. 76, f. 90, 1846. : M. pyrum, Gmel. Interrupta (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1865, p. 56, t. ii, f. 7, 8. = C. Angasi, Brazier. Interrupta (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 3 141 220 INDEX. PAGE. Interrupts (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 362, 1822. = M. interrupte-lineata, Muhlf. Interrupte-lineata (Marginella), Muhlf. Berl. Mag., viii, 1818 37 Intertincta (Oliva), Carpenter. Mazatl. Shells, p. 465, 1857. = 0. araneosa, Lam Intexta (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 7 120 Intorta (Oliva), Carpenter. Zool. Proc., 207, 1856, = 0. petiolita, Duclos. Intricata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 27, t. 21, f. 344, 345, 1871. = 0. nebulosa, Lam. lodosia (Engina), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Illust., t. 22, f. 16 190 lodostoma (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 13. = C. coaspersa, Gask. lonida (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 7, f. 5-8 118 lontha (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. A. N. S. Phila., 1861, p. 42 144 Iphis (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 13, f. 11, 12. Fossil. Irisans (Oliva). Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 312 79 Irrorata (Marginella), Menke. Syn. Meth., 88, 1828 17 Irrorata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 25, f. 153 118 Isabellina (Columbella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., v, 265, 1865; vi, 165, t. 7, f . 8 141 Isomella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 9, f. 7, 8 173' Ispida (Oliva), Link. Marrat, Tnes. Conch., t. 2, f. 15, 16. = 0. fusiformis, Lam. Ispidula, Gray. Zool. Proc., 140, 1847. = Oliva, Brug. Ispidula, pars (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 16, f. 240. = O. Broderipi, Ducros de St. Germain. Ispidula (Oliva), Linn. Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1188 86 Ispidula, var. (Voluta), Born. = Oliva flammulata, Lam. Ispidula (Voluta), Martini, ii, f. 491, 492. := Oliva guttata, Lam. Isseli (Marginella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc., Bengal, 95, 1875 40 Jamaicensis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 6, t. 4, f. 26. = 0. reticularis, Lam. Japix (Columbella). Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 22, f. 13, 14 135 Japouica (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. x, f. 45, a, b, 1858. = C. pardalina, Lam. Japonicus (^Esopus), Gould. Pro. Bost. S. N. H., vii, p. 383, 1860 188 Jaspidea (Columbella), Sowb. Thes Conch., i, p. 132, pi. 39, f. 125 157 Jaspidea (Oliva), Gmel. Syst. Nat., ed. xiii, p. 3442 68 Jaspidea (Oliva), Duclos in Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 9, f. 9, 10. — 0. Duclosi, Reeve. Javacensis (Columbella). Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1848. = C. fasciata, Sowb. Jayana (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Revue crit., 68, t. 3, f. 44, a, b. ? 0. mustelina, Lam. Jewettii (Marginella), Carp. Zool. Proc., 207, 1856 43 Jousseaumei (Gibberula), Rochbrune. Bull. Soc., Phil., 1881 ; Nouvelles Archives du Museum, 2 ser., iv, 293, t. 17, f 15, 1881. = M.exilis, Gmel. Juliettae (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 16, f. 3, 4, 1835. = 0. araneosa, Lam., var. Kaleontina (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t, 8, f. 7, 8, 1835 86 Keeni (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 12, f. 164, 1870. = 0. sanguinolenta, Lam. Keenii (Marginella), Marrat. Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist., 4th ser., vii, 141, t. 11, f. 13, 1871 29 INDEX. 221 Kieneria (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 25, f. 19, 20. ? == C. Sagra, d'Orb. Kieneriana (Marginella), Petit. Mag. de Zool., t. 110, 1838 37 Kirostra (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 11, f 1, 2 167 Kraussi (Columbellaj, Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 144, t. 40, f. 180, 181 114 Labiata (Marginella), Val. Kiener, Coq. Viv., 35, t. 11, f. 2, 1840? 17 Labiosa (Columbella), Sowerby. Genera of Shells, No. 9 106 Labradorensis (Oliva), Bolten. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 11, f. 146-148. — 0. funebralis, Lam. Labrosa (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 239, 1870 • 28 Labuensis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 25, t. 19, f. 311, 312, 1871.. 89 Lacertina (Oliva), Quoy. Voy. Uranie et Phys. Zoo., 432, t. 72, f. 4, 5. — 0. innata, Lam. Lachrimula (Marginella), Gould. Bost. Proc., viii, 281, 1862 44 Lachryma (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 159, 1865 43 Lachryma (Columbella), Gaskoin. Reeve, Icon., f. 125, 1858 165 Lachryma (Erato), Gray. Descriptive Cat., 17, 1832 8 Lactea (Columbella), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., i, 225, 1836. C. script*, Linn. Lactea (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 81, 135, 1865. M. subtriplicata, d'Orb. Lacte* (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 42, t. 13, f. 3, ? 1840 49 Lactea (Oliva), Marr. Thes. Conch., p. 30, f. 376, 1871. — 0. nivea, Marr. Lactea (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 1, f. 3, 4 149 Lactea (Columbella), Kiener. Reeve, Conch Ic., xi, pi. xxi, f. 120, 1858. = C. Babbi, Tryon. Lactea (Erato), Button. Manual of N. Zeal. Mollusca, 63, 1880. Margineila formicula, Lam , 12 Lactescens (Columbella), Souv. Jour, de Concu., 1866, p. 144, pi. 6, f. 5. = C. pardalina, Lam. Leeta ( Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 44, t. 8, f. 2. = M. Olivseformis, Kien. Lseta (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Lin. Soc. N. S. VV , i, p., 232, 1877.... 140 Luevigata (Pisania), Bivona. Nuove Gen. ^Columbella sciipta, Linn. Lievigata (Columbella), Linn. Syst. Nat., 3497 (Gmehn ed.) 113 Lievilabris (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 21. = M. faba, Linn. Lsevis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 26, t. 20, f. 330, 331, 1871. = 0. mustellina, Lam. Lsevis (Erato), Donovan. Brh. Shells, v, t. 165, 1803 9 Lafresnayi (Columbella), Fischer et Bern. Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., i, 357, t. 12, f. 4, 5, 1857. : C. avara, Say. Lamarckii (Hiatula), Swainson. Zool. 111., 2d ser., ii, t. 76, fig. 2. Oliva hiatula, Gmelin. Lamprodoma, Swainson. Malacol, 132, 321, 1840. S. G. of Oliva 60, 72 Lanceolata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 116. C. recurva, Sowb. Lanceolata (Oliva). Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 30, f. 95, a-b, 1850. 0. lepta, Duclos. Lantzi (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 15, t. 7, f. 5. — M. Nevilli, Jouss. Largillierti (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv , 43, t. 11, f. 3. ? 1840 47 Lauta (Engina), Reeve. Ricinula, Conch. Ic., pi. 4, sp. 24, 1846. E. alveolata, Kiener. Lavalleana (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 20, f. 38. = M. minuta, Pfr. Leai (Egouena), Jousseaume. Monogr. Marg., 37. = Marginella labrosa, Red field. Lecoquiana (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germ. Rev. crit., p. 43, t. 2, f. 20, a-c. 77 222 INDKX. Lefevrei (Marginella), Bernard!. Jour, de Conch., iv, 360, t. 12, f. 11, 12, 1853 : 41 Legrandi (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 162 137 Lentiginosa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 240, 1859 170 Lentipinosa (Columbella), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 39, 1844. = C. atramentaria, Sowb. Lentiginosa (Oliva), Rve. Conch. Tc., 1. 19, f. 45, a-b. = 0. Duclosi, Rve. Leontocroma (Murex), Brusina (1866). := Columbella Greci, Phil. Lepida (Vlarginella), Gould. Bost Proc., vii, 384, 1860 55 Lepida (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 13, f. 3, 4. Fossil. Lepida (Olfva), Duel. Monogr., t. 25, f. 15-20, 1835. = 0. sidelia, Duel. Lepta (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 1, f. 7, 8, 1835 69 Leptopus (Pseudomarginella), Carriere. Zeit. Wiss. Zool., xxxvii, 99, 1882. - Marginella glabella, Linn. Leucopluva (Oliva), Lam. Enc. Meth., pi. 363, f. 2. = 0. guttata, Lam. Leucophaea (Erato), Gould. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi, 386, t, 14, f. 20, 1853. = E. columbella, Menke. Leucostoma (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t, 27, f. ? 14-16, 1835. = 0. funebralis, Lam. Leucostoma (Coiumbella), Gaskoin. Pro Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 4 114 Leucozia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 22, f. 5, 6. — E. astricta, Reeve. Leucozona (Oliva), Adams et Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon., 1863, p. 422, t. 37, f. 23 72 Leucozonias (Oliva), Gray, in Zool. Beechey's Voy., p. 130. (1836) 69 Levania (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 22, f. 7, 8. '.' - C. atrata, Gould. Lienardi (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 67. = M. secalina, Phil. Lienardii (Oliva), Bernard!. Jour Conch., 2 ser., iii, p. ?02, pi. x, f. 4, 1858 . 97 Lifouana (Marginella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch , 205, 1871 ; 63, t. 2, f. 2, 1872 23 Ligata (Harpa) (Menke), Sutor. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., iv, 107, 1877. = H. conoidalis, Lam. Lignaria (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 14, f. 195, 196, 1870. (). irisans, Lam., var. concinna. Ligneola (Oliva), Reeve. Conch Ic., t. 21, f. 57, 1850 86 Ligula (Columbella), Duel. Monogr , pi. 11, f. 11-16 119 Lilacina (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 402, t. 78, f. 176, 177, It4(5. 47 Limata (Columbella), Say. H. and A. Adams, Genera, i, 187. — C. lunata. Say. Limbata (Marginella). Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 356, 1822 21 Lincolnensis (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 29. f. 184, 1859 120 Lineata (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert , vii, 361, 1822. M. cingulata, Dillw. Lineata ( Ancillaria), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 16, t. 3, f. 2. = A. marginata, Lam. Lineata (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc , 1860, p. 399 138 Lineata (Engina), Reeve. Conch. Ic., Ricinula, pi. 6. sp. 51, 1840 194 Lineata (Amphissa), Stearns. Cal. Proc., iv, t. 1, f. 8, v, Note at com- mencement. Var. of A. versicolor, Dall. Lineato labrum (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc., 20, 1849. M. rosea, Lam. Lineolata (Ancillaria), A. Adams. P. Z. S., 1851, p. 271. O. acuminata, Sowb. INDEX. 223 PAGE. Lineolata (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 57, pi. 13, f. 3. = C. Terpsichore. Sowb. Lineolata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 132. = C. Marquesana, Gaek. Lineolata (Columbella), Pease. Brazier, Proc. Linn. iSoc. N. S. Wales, i, 231, 1877 138 Lineolata (Oliva), Gray. Zool. in Beechey's Voy., p. 131. — 0. dama, Mawe. Linigera (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, Conch, lllust., t 17, f. 13. 14 174 Linnasi (Buccjnum), Payraudeau. Moll. Cor.-e, 161, t. 8, f. 10-12. = Columbella scripta, Linn. Lintricula, H. and A. Adams. Genera Recent Moll., i, 141, 1853. Olivancillaria, d'Orb. Lischkei (Columbella), Smith. Pro. Zoo. Soc , 1879, p. 207, pi. 20, f. 41. 147 Litterata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 315 83 Liturata (Marginella), Menke. Moll. Nov. Holl.. 28, 1843 21 Livescens (Columbella), Keeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 24. f. 148, 1859 113 Livida (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo Soc.. 1832, p. 117 195 Livida (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 73, 1844. = M. apicina, Menke. Livida (Marginella), Rve. Conch. Ic., f. 10', 1865. M.avena, Val. Loebbeckeana (Marginella), Weiukautf. Kiister, 33, t. 5, f. 9, 12. M. elegaus. Gmelin 198 Longivaricosa (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii. 358, 1822. M. guttata, Dillw. Loroisii (Marginella), Bernardi. Jour, de Conch., v, 291, t. 8, f 6, 7, 1857. M. marginata, Born, minor. Lubrica (Oliva), Solander. == 0. nivea, Gmel Lucia (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull Soc. Zool.. i, 269, t. 5, f. 11-13, 1877 25 Lucida (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 205, 1877 48 Lugubris (Columbella), Kien. Coq. Viv., 28, pi. M, f. 2. = C. flava, Brug. Lugubris (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 317. :— 0. episcopalis, Lam. Lumbricus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 29, f. 186, 1859. Lunata (Columbella), Say. Jour. Philad. Acad., v, 213, 1826 130 Lutaria (Oliva), Bolten. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 20, f. 316-318. = O. acuminata, Lam. Lutea (Columbella), Quoy. Voy. de 1'Astr., pi. 40, f. 23, 24. ? =0. semiconvexa, Lam. Lutea (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 40, t. 24, f 414, 445, 1871. ? O. funebralis, Lam. Luteola (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 12, pi 4, f. 2. = C. rustica, Linu. Luteola (Oliva), Lam. Anr. du Mus., xvi, p. 323. — 0. hiatula, Gmelin. Lyra, Griffith. Cuvier's An, Kingdom, xii, 234, 1834. = Harpa, Lam. Lyrata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 114 154 Lysidia (Columbellaj, Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 15, 16. Pleurotoma. Lysiska (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch,, t. 7, f. 17, 18. = C. varians, Sowb. Macleaya (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t 21, f. 18-16. =0. maura, Lam. Macrostoma (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 87, sp. 2837. Reeve, Icon., f. 49. •—-.C. costellata, Sowb. Macrostoma (Conus), Anton. Reeve, Icon. Meta., f. 1, 1859. ^•Columbella Philippinarum, var. cedo-nulli. Maculata (Oliva), Duclos. Oliv., t. 15, f. 1-6. _ 0. guttata, Lam. 224 INDEX. Maculata (Ancilla), Schumacher. Nouv. Syst., p. 244. == Oliva hiatula, Gmelin. Maculata, var. (Columbella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., v, p. 76, pi. viii, fig. 12. — Var. of Engina lineata. Reeve. Maculosa (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 26, t. 9, f. 40, 1834 37 Maculosa (Marginella), Rve. Icon., f. 65, 1865. =M. calculus, Redf. Maculosa (Oliva), Swain. — 0. hiatula. Gmel. Maculosa (Columbella), Sowerby. Fr. Zoo. Soc., 1842, f. 116 186 Maculosa (Columbella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p 22, 1871. = C. lineolata (Pse ), Brazier. Magna (Marginella), Swain. Blight, Cat, App., 12. == M. bullata, Born. Magnifica (Oliva), Ducros. de St. Germain. Revue, p. 30, t. 1, f, 4, a-d. 0. erythrostoma, Lam. Major (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 119. = C. Strombiformis, Lam. Major, var. (Columbella). Phil. Moll. Sicil., i, 225, 1836. = C. scripta, Linn. Mamillata (Ancillaria), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, Moll , t. 11, f. 7, 8. = A rubiginosa, Swains. .Manceli (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., t. 8, f. 4, 1875. = M. sarda Kiener Mandarina (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 1, f. 19, 20, 1835 56 Mangelioides (Columbella), Keeve. Conch. Ic , xi, pi. 30, f. 197, 1859.. 149 Mantichora (Oliva) Duclos in Chenu, Conch. 111., t. 16, f. 7, 8. = 0. guttata, Lam. Marchii (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 72, ex parte. M. elegans, Gml. Margarita (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 15, t. 9, f. 42, 1834 25 Margarita (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 168, 1859 121 Margaritula (Marginella), Carpenter. Mazat, Cat., 462, 1857 41 Marginata (Marginella), Born. Mus., 220, t, 9, f. 5, 6, 1780 28 Marginata (Volvaria), Bivona. Nuove Gen., 24, t. 3, f. 5, Marginella clandestina, Brocchi. Marginata (Erato), Morch. Malak. Blatt., vii, 85, 1860. = E. columbella, Menke 10 Marginata (Ancilla), Sowerby. Gen. of sh., f. 1. - Ancillaria cinsamomea, Lam. Marginata (Voluta), Wood. Index Test. Suppl.,t. 3, f. 8, 1828. Marginella bifasciata, Lam. Marginata (Ancillaria), Lam. Ann. du. Mus., xvi, p. 304 96 Marginella, Lamarck. Prodr., 1799, Syst. Anim., 75, 1801 7, 12 Marginellidse. Redfield. Cat. Coll. Marg., 1851 5 Marite (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 50, t. 2, f. 26, a, b. () araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettse. Maria (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i; p. 230, 1877.. 139 Mariei (Marginella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 177, t. 5, f. 2, 1867 46 Marminii (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 4, f. 15, 16. Fossil. Marmorata (Columbella), Gray. Beechey's Voy., p. 129, t. 36, f. 11, 1839. 181 Marmorata (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 9, f. 32, a, b, 1864 93 Marmorea (Columbella), Brusina. Verhandl. Zoo. Bot., Ges. Wien, p. 9. 1865 108 Marmorea (Oliva), Martini. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 70-72. 0. flammulata, Lam. Marmorea (Columbella), Brusina. Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell., xv, 9, 1865. - 0. scripta, Linn. Marquesana (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 8 136 Martensi (Columbella), Lischke. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 40, 1871 130 INDEX. 225 Martini (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., 367, t. 11, f. 8, 1853. = M. prunum, Gmelin. Maugeriae (Erato), Gray. Desc. Cat., 17, 1832 9, 197 Maura (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 311 78 Maura, pars (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 7, f. 10, a. :— O.funebralis, Lam. Maura (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 117 195 Mauritiana (Oliva), Martini. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 10, f. 133-140. = 0. Maura, Lam. Mauritiana (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch,, p. 3, f. 1, 2, 1830 96 Mazaris (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 20, f. 7, 8, 1835. = 0. erythrostoma, Lam. Mediocincta (Marginella), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser, xvi, 201, 1875 52, 198 Megalostoma (Oliva), Meuschen. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 21, figs. 336- 340. == 0. hiatula, Gmelin. Melanida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 19, f. 7, 8. Melchersi (Oliva), Menke. Zeitschrift fur Mai., 1851, p. 24. = 0. araneosa, Lam. Meleagris (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 4, f. 15, 16. = C. fuscata, Sow. Memnonia (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. 111., t. 17, f. 19. 20. = 0. reticularis, Lam. Menaletta (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 3, 4 160 Mendicaria (Columbella), Linn. .Syst. Nat., edit, xti, 1191... 196 Menkeana (Columbella). Reeve. Conch. Ic., xii, pi. xiv, No. 69, 1858 120 Mercatoria (Oolumbella), Linn. Syst. Nat., 3446 (Gmelin edit.) 106 Mercatoria (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, f. 268, 269, 1871. = 0. fusiformis, Lam. Merita (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, p. 231, 1877. 146 Meta, Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi., 1859 102, 183 Metanira (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 18, f. 19, 20. Fossil. Metcalfei (Marginella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 173, t. 26, f. 9, 1877. = M. Australis, Hinds. Mexicana (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 60, t. 8, f. 9 50 Mexicana (Harpa), Auct. Reeve, Icon., sp. 9. :== H. crenata, Swainson. Mica (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 1, f. 11, 12, 1835. ? — 0. Verreauxi, Ducr. Mica (Oliva), Marrat (not Duclos). Thes. Conch., f. 408. = 0. petiolita, Duclos. Micana, Gray. Zool. Proc., 40, 1858. =• Olivella, Swains. Micans (Marginella), Petit Jour, de Conch., 48, t. 1, f. 15, 16, 1851 49 Micans (Columbella), Pease , 124 Micans (Voluta), Solander MS. Dillwyn, Cat., i, p. 521. = Oliva nan a, Lam. Microscopica (Marginella), Tapparone-Canefri. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa, vii, 1030, 1875 55 Microspira, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, 66, 1868. = Marginella, Lam. 16 Micula (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 468, 1871. - 0. mutica, var. nitidula. Millepunctata (Columbella), Carp. Ann. N. H., 1864, p. 48 115, 198 Millepunctata (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 25, f. 1-3. = 0. nana, Lam. Miliacea (Volvaria), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 364, 1822. Marginella miliaria, Linn. Miliacea (Marginella), Var. Kiener, Coq. Viv., 20, t. 6, f. 26,1834. = M. oryza, Lam. 29 226 INDEX. Miliacea (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 39, f. 441, 1871. 0. nivea. Gmelin. Miliaria (Marginella), Lion. Syst. Nat., edit, x, 730, 1758 42 Miliaria (Voluta), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 524, 1817. =: Marginella oryza, Lam. Miliola (Oliva), d'Orb. Mol. Cuba, ii, 108, t. 21, f. 20, 22. — M. mutica, var. nitidula, juv. Miltostoma (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc Tas., 1870, p. 134. = C. semiconvexa, Lam., var. minor. Mindorensis (Columbella), Gaskoin. Reeve, Icon., sp. 193, 1859 143 Miniata (Oliva), Bolten. - ^0. erythrostoma, Lain. Minima (Marginella), Guilding. Sowb., Thes. Conch., i, 388, t. 78, f. 220, 1846. = M. minuta, Pfr. Minor (Mitrella), Scacchi. Conch. Regne Nap., 10, f. 11, 1836 142 Minor ( Varginella), C. B. Adams. Ann. N. Y. Lye., v, 264, 1852 44 Minor (Harpa), Lam. X (Nat, His ), p. 133, sp. 7 99 Minuscula (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 131, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860 171 Minuta (Marginella), Pfeiffer. Wiegmann's Archiv , i, 259, 1840 43 Minuta (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 152. C. Tenisoni, Tryon. Minuta (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860 172 Minuta (Erato), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 11,1865 10 Minutissima (Marginella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. iSoc. Tasmania, 27,1875 56 Mirabilis (Marginella), Barclay. Proc. Zool. Soc., 273, t. 19, f. 6, 1869. : M. obtusa, Sowb. Miser (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 129, pi. 38, f. 111. C. zebra, Gray. Mitrseformis (Columbella), King Zoo. Journ. — C. cribraria, Lam. Mitrata (Columbella), Menke. Moll. Nov. Hollandise, 1843 112 Mitrella (Voluta), Risso. Hist Nat. Eur. Merid., 1826 Marginella secalina, Phil. Mitrella, Risso Hist. Nat, 247, 1826 102, 117 Mitreola (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., pi. 4, f. 1, 2, fossil. Mitropsis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 211, 1867 102, 180 Mitrula (Buccinum), Dunker. Philippi Abbild., iii, Bucc., t. 2, f. 9. Columbella catenata, Sowb. Modesta (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 22, pi. 11, f. 2. = C rustica, Linn. Modesta (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 26, f. 83, a, b, 1850. = 0. acuminata, Lam. Moesta (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Cat. Shells Panama, p. 94 176 Moleculina (Columbella), Duclos. Monog., pi. 9, f. 1, 2 117 Monilifera (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t 10, f. 36, a, b. — 0. marginata, Lam. Monilifera (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1860, p. 142 190 Monilifera (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 53 149 Monilifera (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 27, f. 84, a, b, 1850. = 0. nivea, Gmelin. Monilis (Voluta), vn,r. /?, Gmelin. Syst. Nat , 3444, 1788. = Marginella oryza, Lam. Monilis (Marginella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, x, 730, 1768 41 Monilis (Marginella), Wood. Index Test., t. 19, f. 54, 1828. M. exilis, Gmelin. Monilis (Murex*), Meuschen. Mus. Gevers, 328, 1787. = Marginella elegans, Gmel. INDEX. 227 PAGE. Monilis (Marginella), Wood. Index Test., t. 19, f. 53, 1828. M. pulchella, Kiener. Monoptygma, Lea (in part, not Gray). Contrib. Geol., 1833 61, 91 Montrouzieri (Ancillaria), Sowb. Jour. Conch., viii, p. 207, 324, t. 11, f. 3. 94 Morchii (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 244, 1870 56 Mosaica (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 381, t. 75, f. 68, 59, 1846. 18 Mucronata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, f. 274-275. — 0. sidelia, Duel. Mucronata (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch., p. 8. ? = A. australis, Sowb. Multicostata (Harpa), J. & G. B. Sowerby. Gen. of Shells, f. 1. = H. costata, Linn. Multilineata (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846 3G Multiplicata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 20, f. 52, a, b, 1850. — 0. litterata, Lam. Multivoluta (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 26, f. 163, 1859 156 Muralis (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 76, 1844. = M. maculosa, Kiener. Musca (Marginella), Defrance. Diet. Sc. Nat., xxix, 143, 1823. = M. muscaria, Lam. Muscaria (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 359, 1822. = M. formicula, Lam. Muscaria (Marginella), Costa. Cat. Test. Sicil., 73, 1829. = Erato laevis, Donov. Musica (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 73, 1844 22 Mustellina (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 316 78 Mustellina (Marginella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 14, 1871, t. 1, f. 5 48 Mutica (Oliva), Say. Jour. Acad. So., Phila., ii, p. 228, 1822 64 Mutica, pars (Oliva) (Say), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 3, f. 86, a-b. = 0. Verreauxi, Ducros. Mygdonia (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 6, f. 23, 24. = 0. jaspidea, Gmelin. Myriadina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 5, f. 1, 2, 1835 68 Myriadina (Oliva), Marrat (not Duclos). Thes. Conch., f. 440, 1871. a 0. nivea, Gmelin 68 Nablium (Harpa), Martini, f. 1092. := H. conoidalis, Lam. Nana (Erato), Duclos. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 18, 1865 11 Nana (Columbella), Loven. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv. .Thesbia (Pleurotomidee). Nana (Columbella), Michaud. Duclos, Monogr., pi. 8, f. 4-6. = C. varians, Sowb. Nana (Columbella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 157, 1871 172 Nana (Voluta), Dillwyn. Desc. Cat., i, 536. ? == Engina lineata, Rve. Nana (Oliva), var. b, Lam. Ann. du. Mus., xvi, p. 326. — O. mutica, Say, var. nitidula, Mil. Nana (Marginella), Marrat, Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 205, 1877 56 Nana (Oliva), Lamarck. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 326 91 Nasioletta (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 13, f. 15, 16. Fossil. Nasuta (Columbella), Gmelin. Syst. Nat,, 3455. = C. scripta, Linn. Nasuta (Columbella), Gmelin. Brusina, Contr., 67. C. scripta, Linn. Nasuta (Columbella), Menke. Zeit., 1850, p. 184 136 Natalia (Oliva), Duclos, in Chenu, t. 21, f. 17, 18. — 0. Duclosi, Reeve. Navicella (Marginelia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 20, f. 103, 1865 = M. rubella, C. B. Ad. Naxia (Columbella), Duclos. Monog., pi. 13, f. 1, 2. Fossil. 228 INDEX. Nebulosa (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130; Bost. Proc., vii, 1882 171 Nebulosa (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 436 89 Nedulina (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 5, f. 13, 14, 1885. = O. undatella, Lam. Neglecta (Marginella). Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 390, t. 76, f. 135, 136, 1846. 27 Neostina (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 19, f. 11-16, 1835 78 Neptunia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 19, 20 175 Nevilli (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 28 24 Nevilli (Columbella), Tryon 173 flfewcombi (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 5, f. 15, a, b, 1864. = M. Petltii, Duval. Nigellus (Cylindrus), Meuschen. Oliva maura, Lam. Nigricans (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p, 52 168 Nigricostata (Columbella), E. A. Wraith. P. Z. S., 1878, p. 807, pi. 50, f. 6 155, 198 Nigrofusca (Columbella), Carpenter.- Mazat. Cat., 509, 1857 178 Nigropunctata (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 117 156 Nisitella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 7, f. 9, 10 170 Nitellina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 3, f. 1, 2, 1835. = 0. hiatula, Gmelin. Nitens (Oliva), Dunker MS. in Mus. Godeffroy's Cat., iv, p. 83, and v, p. 117. = 0. simplex, Pease. Nitida (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 75, 1844 34 Nitida (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 271 113 Mtidella, Swainson. Malacol., 313, 1840 102, 113 Nitidula (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 10, f. 3, 4. = 0. paxillus, Reeve. Nitidula (Oliva), Dillwyn. Desc. Cat., i, p. 521, 1817. = 0. nmtica, Say, var..... 64 Nitidula (Columbella), Sowb. Genera, pi. 40, f. 162. - C. nitida, Lam. Nivea (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. A. N. S. Phila., 1861, p. 43 132 Nivea (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 139, pi. 39, f. 151 185 Nivea (Oliva), Gmelin. Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. xiii, p. 3412 67 Nivea (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 87, sp. 2841, 1839 187 Nivea (Ancillaria), Swainson. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f. 64, 65. = A. balteata, dwainson. Nivea (Margiuella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., 56, 1850. nivosa, Hinds. Niveomarginata (Columbella), Smith. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1879, p. 208, t. 20, f. 42 146 Nivosa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 26, f. 106, 1859. = C. versicolor, Sowb. Nivosa (Vlarginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 74, 1844 32 Nivosa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t, 17, f. 270; t. 25, f 472. = O. reticularis, Lam. Nobilis (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., x, p. 1^2 99 Nobilis (Oliva), Rve. Conch. Ic., t. 2, f. 3, 18-">0. 0. tremulina, Lam. Nodalina (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 3, f. 5, 6. C. fuscata, Sow. Nodata (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 73, 1844 20 Nodicostata (Columbella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 274, pi. 23, f. 8, 1867 195 Nodulosa (Columbella), Nuttall. Jay, Cat. Shells, 3d edit., p. 90. = C. varians, JSowb. Nodulosa (Engina), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., v, p. 71, pi. viii, f. 11, 1870. 189 Nota (Oliva), Mar. Thes. Conch., t. 23, f. 428, 1871. ;= 0. baetica, Carp. Novuezelandica (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 65, t. 3, f. 48, 49. = O. Sinensis, Sowb. . 229 Nubeculata (Marginella), Lam. Anitn. s. Vert., vii, 356, 1822. M. pyrum, Gronov. Nubeculata (Marginella), Guerin. Icon. Regne Anim., i, 33, t. 16, f. K> ? = M. rosea, Lam. Nubeculata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic.,- xi, pi. 37, f. 234, 1859 140 Nucleus (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 14, pi. 3, f. 4. C. rustica, Linn. Numicia (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t, 26, f. 9, 10 191 Nux (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 35, f. 227, 1859. = C. pulla, Gask. Nux (Oliva), Wood. Ind. Test. Suppl., t, 4, f. 33. = 0. biplicata, Sowb. Nycteis (Columbella). Duel. Chenu, Conch, lllust., t. 17, f. 5-8 151 Nympha (Columbella). Kiener. Coq. Viv., 33, pi. 10, f. 4 142 Nympha (Oliva), Adams et Angas. Pro. Zoo. Hoc. Lon., 1863, p. 422.... 72 Obesa (Columbella), C. B Adams. Pro. Bost, Soc. Nat. Hist., ii, 2, 1845. 169 Obesa (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 65, t. 3, f 44, 45. --= 0. marginal a, L'im. Obesa (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lye., iv, 164, t. 10, f. 5, 1846. 37 Obesa (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 397, t. 76, f. 91, 92, 1846. M. pyrulata, riedfield. Obesina (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 16, f. 9-11, 1835 (in part). = 0. lusiformis, Lam. Obesina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 16, f. 9-11, 1835. = 0. araneoea, Lam., var. Juliettae. Oblita (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic , xi, pi. 31, f. 202, 1859 123 Oblonga (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch., p. 7, f. 38, 39. = 0. marginata, L,am. Oblonga (Harpa), Schm. H. minor, Lam. Oblonga (Marginella), Swains. Zool. 111., 2 ser., i, t. 44, f. 1, 1829.. ..32, 198 Oblonga (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t, 2, f. 14, 1870. 0. araneosa, Lam. Obscura (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 121, t. 37, f. 70, 71. C. pardalina, Lam. Obscura (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 132, 1865 52 Obsoleta (Columbella), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 493, 18-~>7. C. cervmetta, var. Obtusa (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1839, p. 117 181 Obtusa (Ancillaria), Swainson. Jour. Sc., xviii, p. 282. A. australis, Sowb. Obtusa (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 254, 1870. = M. sexplicata, Dkr. Obtusa (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 874, t. 74, f. 11, 12, 1846.. 20 Obtusaria (Oliva), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., x, p. 628. = 0. irisans, var. tremulina. Occulta (Marginella), Monterosato, Test, nuovi dei mari di Sicilia, 1869. 40 Ocellata (Vroluta), Gmelin. Syst. Nat , p. 3455. - Columbella cribraria, Lam. Ocellata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 37, f. 237 148 Ochracea (Marginella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 14, t. 1, f. 6, 1871. = M. australis, Hinds. Ochrostoma (Sistrum), var. rufonotatum, Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., xiv, 48, 1864. Engina pulchra, Reeve. Octavia (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch , t. 28, f. 21, 22. == 0. neostina, Duclos. Odoricyi( Marginella), Bernardi, Jour, de Conch., iii, 59, t. 2, f. 6, 7, 1852. 31 Oliva, Bruguiere. Encyc. Meth., 1, xv, 1798 60, 72, 73 Oliva (Voluta), T. Dillw. Recent Shells, 513. = Oliva flammulata, Lam. 230 INDEX. Oliva (Voluta), part, Dillw. B. S., 521, 1817. = Oliva maura, Lam. Olivacea (Oliva), Meuschen. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 4, f. 46, 47, 51-53. 0. reticularis, Lam. Olivjeformis (Marginella) Kiener. Coq. Viv., 12, t. 8, f. 36, 1834 33 Olivancillaria, d'Orb. Voy. Am. Merid., 420, 1839. = S. G. of Oliva, Brug 60, 90 Olivaria, Rafinesque. Anal. Nat., 1815. — Oliva, Brug. Olivella, Swainson. Elem. Mod. Conch., 1835 59, 63 Olivella (Marginella), Reeve. Conch Icon., f 140,1865 31. 198 Olivellaiformis (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 107, t. 7, f. 6, 1875.. 48 Olivina, d'Orbigny (not Morch). Voy. Ame"r. Merid., 1839. Olivella, Swainson. Olivoidea (Mitra), Cantraine, 1835. = Columbella Greci, Phil. Olivula, Conrad. Foss. Shells, Tert., 25, t. 10, f. 5, 1832. S. G. of Ancillaria 61 Olorinella (01ivella^. C. versicolor, Sowb. Peruviana (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 317 74 Pfeifferi (Amycla), Phil. Ads. Genera, i, 187. : Nassa, Manual, iv, 36. Phoenospira, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 1844. — Marginella, Lam. INDEX. 233 PAGE. Phalajna (Buccinum), Lesson. Rev. Cuv., 237, 1842. ? Engina 196 Phasinola (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 8, f. 13-16 10»'» Philantha (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 20, f. 5, 6, 1835. = 0. irisans, Lam. Philia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 16, f. 3, 4 134 Philippinarum (Columbella), Reeve. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1842, p. 199 183 Philippinarum (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lye., iv, 492, t. 17, f. 3, 1848 , 51 Philodicia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 7, 8. = C. psilla, Duel., var. Phrygia (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 394, t. 78, f. 218, 219, 1846. 38 Phylina (Columbella), Duelos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 0, 10 159 Pica (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 310. — 0. irisans, Lam., var. tremulina, Lam. Picata (Columbella), Swains. Treat. Mai., p. 151, f. 17, a, 1840. = C. ovulata, Lam. Picta (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 529, 1817. r— M. pyrum, Gronov. Picta (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 26, f. 79, 1850. = 0. funebralis. Lam., var. Picta (Columbella), Reeve. Concb. Ic., xi, pi. 24, f. 146, 1850 125 Picturata (Marginella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beogal, 23, 1874 ; 95, t. 8, f. 8, 9, 1875 , 25 Pindamella (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 33, f. 7, 8. — 0. sanguinolenta, Lam. Pindarina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 16, f. 7, 8, 1835. -.--: 0. araneosa, Lam. Pindarina, pars (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 3, f. 34 (non Duclos). 0. venulata, Lam. Piuguis (Oliva), Solander. Braziliana, Lam. Piperita (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 72, 1844. M. rosea, Lam. Piperita (Oliva), Marrat. Ihes. Conch , t, 23, f. 402, 403, 1871. 0. jaspidea, Gmelin. Pisum (Marginella). Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 156, 1865 40 Plana (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 463, 1871 66 Platypus (Pseudoinarginella), Carriere. Zeit. Wiss. Zool., xxxvii, 99, 1882. — Marginella glabella, Linn. Plicaria (Columbella), Mootr. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., ii, 234, t. 9, f. 3, 1862 160 Plicatula (Columbella), Lmnker. Mai. Blatt., xviii, 158, 1871 115 Plicatulum (Columbella), Dunker. Menke, Zeit., 1853, p. 50. ? — C. pulchella, Kiener. « Plochel^a, Gabb. Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci. Phila., 1872. = S. G. of Oliva, Brug 60 Plumbea (Mavginella), Solander MSS. Dillw., Desc. Cat. Voluta. M. prunum, Gmel. Plurisulcata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 36, f. 233, 1859 148 Plutonida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 16. f. 1, 2 144 Poecila (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 118, t. 37, f. 51, 52. i= C. varians, Sowb. Polita (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 10, t. 6, f. 80, 81, 1870 84 Tolita (Marginella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 462, 1857 44 Polita (Marginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 280, t. 23, f. 19, 1867. = M. Peasii, Reeve. Polita (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 34, f. 221, 1859. ? = C. semiconvexa, Lam. 30 234 INDEX. Politum (Buccinum), Cantr. Bull. Acad. Brux., ii, 392, 1835. =;= Columbella minor, Sc. Polpasta (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 16, f. 1, 2, 1835. = 0. araneosa, Lam., var. Polyodonta (Marginella), Velain. Ar. Zoo. Ex., vi, 108, t. 3, f. 1, 2, 1877. 45 Ponderosa (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 13, f 8, 9, 1835. = 0. erythrostoma, Lam. Porcata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30, f. 195, 1859 157 Porcea (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch , p. 6, t. 3, f. 35, 1870. = 0. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettae. Porcellana (Marginella), Qmelm. Syst. Nat., 3419, 1788 37 Porcellana (Voluta), Wood. Index Test., t, 19, f. 58, 1828. = Marginella persicula, Linn. Porcellana (Voluta)', Perry. Conch., t. 17, f. 2, 1811. := Marginella elegans, Gmel. Porcellaua (in part), Adan. Voy. Senegal, 55, 1757. = Marginella, Lam. Porcellanella, Conr. Pro. Phil. Acad., 564. 1802 .Marginella, Lam... 16 Porphyreticus (Cylinder), d'Argenville. = Oliva porphyria, Linn. Porphyria (Oliva), Linn. Syst. Nat., 12 edit., 1187 74 Porphyria, Bolten, Mus., 1798. = Strephona, Browne. Porphyria, Miirch. ^ Oliva, Brug. Porphyritica. (Oliva) (Martini), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 5, f. 105-110. = 0, erythrostoma, Lam., Desh. Poucheti (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 46, t. 1, f. 3, 1851 ? = M. glabella, Linn., var 17 Praecallosa (Marginella), Higgins. Marr., Quar. Jour. Conch., 1, 136, 1876 32 Prayensis (Erato), Rochbrune. Nouv. Arch. Mus., 2 ser., iv, 294, t. 17, f. 16, 1881 12 Pretrii (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Ill,, t. 16, f. 7, 8 144 Procera (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. So., 1832, p. 119. --Cantharus. Propatula (Oliva), Conrad. Pro. A. N. S. f hila., iv, p. 156, 1849 ; Jour. A. N. S., 2 ser., i, t, 39, f. 7. '•.= 0. hiatula, Gmelin. Propingua (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 11, f. 141, 142, 1870. = 0. funebralis, Lam. . Prosymnia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t, 26, f. 7, 8 174 Pruinosa( Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc , 74, 1844. M. nivosa, Hinds. Prunum (Marginella), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3446, 1788 29 Prunum (Voluta), in part, Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3446, 1788. = Marginella amygdala, Kiener. Prunum (Martini), H. and A. Adams. Genera, i, 191. Marginella, Lam. 28 Pseudofaba (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846 21 Pseudomarginella, Maltzan. Nachrichtsblatt Deutsch. Malak. Gesell., xii, 108, 1880. Pseudo-scripta (Columbella), d'Orb. Prodr., iii, 175. =C. scripta, Linn. Psilla (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 5, 6 134 Pterygia, Link. Mus. Rostock. Marginella, Lam. Pudica (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. VV., i, p. 231, 1877.. 139 Pudica (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc., 18, 1849. M chrysomelina, Redf. Puelcha (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 4, bis, f. 4-6 (non d'Orb., nee Duclos- Chenu). : = 0. tehuelchana, d'Orb. Puelchana (Oliva), d'Orb. Voy. Amer., 428, t. 49, f. 13-19 70 Puella (Marginella), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 385, I860 49 Puella (Columbella), Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 65, 1858. C. conspersa, Gask. INDEX. 235 PAGE. Pulchella (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 27, t. 9, f. 40, 1834 -88- Pulchella (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 131, t. 39, f. 121, 122. = C. elegantula, Morch. Pulchella (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 5, f. 11, 12, 1835 71 Pulchella (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 30, f. 98, a, b, 1850. = 0. nivea, Gmelin. Pulchellum (Buccinum), Kiener. Coq. Viv., t. 18, f. 68. ;= Columbella.. 157 Pulcherrima (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc., 21, 1849 39 Pulcherrima (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 113 185 Pulchra (Marginella), Gray. Zool. Beechey's Voy., 135, t. 36, f. 20, 1839. 29 Pulchra (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 37, t. 24, f. 429, 1871. — 0. i'ortunei, Adams. Pulchra (Engina), Reeve. (Buccinum), Conch. Ic., fig. 80, 1846 191 Pulchrior (Columbella), C. J3. Adams. Cat. Sh. Panama, p. 94, 1852 177 Pulicaria (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 464, 1871. = 0. lepta, Duclos. Pulicaris (Columbella), Lesson. Rev. Zoo. Cuv. Soc., 1842, p. 185 187 Pulla (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 23, f. 411, 1871. = 0. Anazora, Duclos. Pulla (Columbella), Gaskoin, Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 6.. 127 Pulvis (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 86, t. 7, f. 2 46 Pumila (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 252, 1870 26 Pumila (Columbella), Dunker. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 224... 150 Pumila (Columbella), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 1863, pi. 12, f. 4, p. 281. =C. atrata, Gould. Pumilio (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 24, f. 147, 1859 187 Punctata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 12, 13, 1870. = 0. araneosa, var. venulata, Lam. Punctata (Columbella), Sowb. Genera of Shells, f. 5. = C. flava, Brug. Punctata (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., x, 273. = C. fulgurans, Lam., var. Punctatum (Buccinum), Brug. •--=. Columbella discors, Gmelin. Punctulata (Marginella), Petit. Rev. Zool., 185, 1841. ? ='M. nivosa, Hinds. Punctulata (Columbella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer. Moll., p. 206. ss C. rustica, Linn. Pungens (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 133, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860 143 Pura (Columbella), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 515 162 Pura (Oliva), Beeve. Conch. Ic., t. 30, f. 97, a, b. = 0. tehuelchana, d'Orb. Purpurascens (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Pro. Bos. S. N. H., vol. 2, p. 2. = C. dormitor, Sowerby. Purpurata (Oliva), Swains Zool. 111., 2 ser., t. 2, f. 1. = 0. dama, Mawe. Purpuroides (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 88-2852, 1839 187 Pusilla (Marginella), H. Adams. Zool. Proc., 30d, t. 19, f. 1, 1867. = M. pumila, Redfield. Pusilla (Dltva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 21, f. 356-358, 1871. — 0. mutica, Say. Pusilla (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1862, p. 244. = C. fusiformis, Pease. Pusilla (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 53 115 Pusiola (Columbella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 157, 1871. = C. gracilis, Pease. Pusiostoma, Swainson. Malacol., 150, 313, 1840 103, 196 Pygnuea (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo, Soc., 1832, p. 119....'. 166 230 INDEX. PAGE. Pygmoea, Humphrey. Mus. Calonn., 28, 1797. Morch, Jour, de Conchy 1., 2 ser., iii, 255, 1858. — Columbella, Lam. Pygmsea (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 386, t. 75, f. 78, 79, 1846. •= M. translucida, Sowb. Pygrarea (Marginella), Issel. Mai. Mar. Rosso, 116, 1869. = M. Isseli, Nevill. Pygmeen (Marginella), Garrett. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., 217, t. 2, f. 27, 1873. = M. Sandwicensis, Pease. Pygmrca (Oliva), Keeve. Conch. Ic., t. 26, f. 75, 1850 86 Pyramidalis (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 4, f. 11, a, b. = A. Australis, Sowerby. Pyrene, Bolten. Mus. Calonn., 95, 1798. Ad. Genera, 185, 1853. — Conidea, Swainson. Pyriformis (Marginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch , iii, 280, t. 23, f. 21, 1868. M. trans aU, Redfield. Pyriformis (Volutella), Carpenter. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., v, 148, 1805. -_— Marginella 41 Pyrostoma (• olumbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 116 195 Pyrulata (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lye., iv, 494, 1848 17 Pyrulum (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 117, 1865 42 Pyrulus (Murex), Meuschen. Mus. Gevers , 328, 1787. = Marginella glabella, Linn, Pyrum (Marginella), Gronov. Zooph., 298, 1781 18 Quadrifasciata (Marginella), Marrat. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser. , xii, 420, 1873 56 Quadrilineata (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc , 17, 1849 47 Quersolina (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 10, f. 7, 8. _~ 0. episcopalis. Lam. Quinqueplicata (Marginella), Lain. Anim. s. Vert,., vii. 356, 1822 30 Quintilia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 19, f. 13, 14. = C. pardalina, Lam. Radiata (Marginella), Lam. = Voluta zebra, Leach. Ramola, Gray. Zool. Proc., 39, 1858. ~ Lamprodoma, Swainson. Rasamola (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t 6, f. 5, 6, 1835. = 0. volutella, Lam. Rasolia (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 10. f. 7, 8. — C scripta, Linn. Reclusa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, f. 264. =^= 0. t'usiformis, Lam. Recurva (Engina), Reeve. (Ricinula) Conch. Ic., iii, f. 53, 1846. E. bella, Reeve. Recurva (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1832, f. 115 187 Redfieldii (Marginella), Tryon 34 Reeveana (Ricinula), C. B. Ad. Pan. Cat., 102, 1850. Engina pulchra, Reeve. Reeveana ( Marginella), Petit. Jpur. de Conch., ii, 51, 1851. = M. splendens, Reeve. Reevei (Engina). Tryon ?.... 191 Reevei (Columbella), Carpenter. 2d Report, 56 7, 1804 118 Reevei (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 104, t. 3, f. 100, a, b, 1857. = 0. nivea, Gmel. Regularis (Marginella), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist , xv, 398, 1865 I •"• Regulus (Columbella), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 41, 1864. C atrata, Gould. Reticularis, pars (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 52. 0. fusiformis, Lam. INDEX. 231 Reticularis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 314, No. 16 Reticularis, pars (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 52. = 0. Cumingi, Reeve. Reticularis, var. (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 52. = O. venulata, Lam. Reticularis, pars (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr , t. 9, f. 3, 4, 8. = 0. araneosa, Lam. Reticulata (Oliva), Bolt. = 0. sanguinolenta, Lam. Reticulata (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., edit. 2, ix, p. 270. — C. rustica, Linn. Retusa (Volvaria), Brown. = Bulla retusa. Retusa (Columbella). Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 88, No. 2847, 1839 187 Ringens (Oliva), Solander MSS. = 0. hiatula, Gmelin. Rivoliana (Harpa), Less. 111. Zoo., t. :-5(5. II. crenata, Swainson. Roblini (Columbella,) Woods. Pro. Roy. S.oc. Tas., 1875, p. 151 128 Rorida (Columbella), Ueeve. Couch. Jc., xi, pi. 28. f. 176, 1859.. 147 Ros (Marginella), Reeve. Coach. Icon., f. 147, 1865 46 Rosacea (Columbella), Gould. Am. Jour. Sci.. xxxviii, 197 100, 198 Rosacea (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. lc., xi, pi. 29, f. 183, 1859. - C. semiconvexa, Lam. Rosalina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 1. f. 1, 2 65 Roscida (Marginella), Redfield. Proc. Phila. Acad., 174, I860 33 Rosea (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 46, 1846. - Engina 192 Rosea ( Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., x, p. 133 99 Rosea (Harpa), adult, Kiener. T. 5, f. 8, a H. crena'a, Swainson. Rosea (Marginella), L->m. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 356, 1822 18 Rostrata (MargineLa), Redfield. Cat 246,1870. M. oblonga, Swains. Rubella (Marginella), (J. B. Ad. Bost. Proc., ii, 1, 1843.... 62 Rubens (Marginella), von Martens. Sitzb. Berlin, 63, 1881 30 Rubicundula (Columbella), Quoy. Voy. de F Astr., ii, 528, pi. 40, f. 25, 26. C. flava, Brug. Rubiginosa (Ancillaria), Swainson. Zool. 111., ii, t. 4 94 Rubra (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 459, 460, 1871. = 0. nivea, Gmelin. Rubra (Columbella), von Martens. Sitzb. Berlin, 76, 1881 152 Rubrafasciata (Marginella), Jousseaume. Guerin's Mag., 221, 1875. = M. fasciat.'i, Sowb. Rudis (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch , i, p. 116, t. 36, f. 33-35. C. mercatoria, Linn. Ruta (Columbella), Menke. Zeit., 1853, p. 75. ? = C. rusticar Linn. Rufescens (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 112, 1865. M. secalina, Phil. Rufifasciata (Oliva), Carpenter. Report, p. 339. (). btetica, Carp. Rufifisciata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 28, f. 88, a, b, 1850. : 0. mutica, Say. Rufonotatum (Sistrum), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., xiv, 48, 1864. Engina pulchra, Keeve. Rufopicta (Oliva), Weinkauff, in Kiister, 88, t. 23, f. 11, 12. = 0. aniomina, Duel. Rufotiocta (Columbella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 511, 1857. = C. diminuta, C. B. Ad. Rufula (Marginella), Gaskoin. Ann. Nat. Hist., 2 ser., xi, 359, 185:!. M. neglecta. Sowb. Rufula (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t, 19, f. «-', 10, 1835 75 Rugosa (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115 152 Rugulosa (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 133, t. 39, f. 131 156 238 INDEX. Rumilia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Illust., t. 17, f. 15, 10...... 174 Russelli (Columbella), Brazier. P. Zoo. Soc., 1874, p. 671, pi. 83, f. 17, 18. 128 Rustica (Columbella), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1190 107 Kustica (Columbella), Sowb. Genera, f. 3. = C. Paytensis, Lesson. Rutila (Kicinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 49, 1846. = Engina 192 Saccharata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 29, f. 187, 1859. = C. semiconvexa, Lam. Sagena (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 26, f. 162. = C. pardalis, Lam. Sagitta (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 10 145 Sagittata (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 76, 1844 39 Sagittata( Marginella), in part, Sowb. Thes., f. 224 (not 223). — M. pulcherrima, Gaskoin. Sagra (Columbella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 137, t. 21, f. 28-30, 1853.. 104 Saint Pairiana (Columbella), Caillet. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser. , iv, 279, t. 11, f. 4, 1864 165 Sandella, Gray. Guide Moll., Brit. Mus., 26, 1857. :±= Ancillaria, Lam. Sandmcensis (Marginella), Pease. Zool. Proc., 147, 1860 45 Sandwicensis (Erato), Pease. Zool. Proc., 146, 1860 9 Sandwichensis (Oliva), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 145. — 0. Duclosi, Reeve, Sandwichensis (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1861, p. 244. = C. turturina, Lam. Sanguinolenta (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 316 79 Santa Barbarensis (Columbella), Carpenter. P. Z. S., 1856, p. 208. = C. Reevei, Carpenter. Sapotilla (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 74, 1844. = M. prunum, Gmel. Sarda (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 30. t. 4, f. 42, 1834 47 Sarda (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 9, f. 33, a, b. = A. cinnamomea, Lam. Satorida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 1, 2.., 191 Saulcyana (Marginella), Reeve. Conch, icon., f. 90, 1865. = M. cincta, Kiener. Saulcyana (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 47, t. 1, f. 11, 1851. — • M. marginata, Born, minor. Saulise (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 386, t. 75, f. 68, 1846 27 Savignyi (Marginella), Issel. Moll. Mar. Rosso, 115, 1839. ? = M. miliaria, Linn. Sbina (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 32. C. albina, Kiener. Scabriuscula (Eraio), Gray. Desc. Cat., 16, 1832 11 Scalarina (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 116. C. varia, Sowb. Scalaris (Margioella), Jjusa. Monog., 26, t. 7, f. 9. M. striata, Sowb. Scalpta (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 37, f. 235, 1859 Ill Scaphella (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 37, 38 = A. Mauritiana, Sowb. Scaphula, Swains, (not Benson). Malacol., 132, 322, 1840. ~ Lentricula, H. and A. Ad. Scaphula, Gray. Zool. Proc., 40, 1858. = Callianax, H. and A. Ad. Schmeltziana (Erato), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xv, 3U1, t. 11, f. 5, 1867. 11 Schrammi (Engina), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., iii, 82, 1863. -~ E. rosea, Reeve. Schrammi (Columbella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., iv, 364, t. 12, f. 3, 4, 1853. = C. dichroa, Sowb. Scintella (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 68 20 INDEX. 239 PAGE. Scitula (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 9, t. 6, f. 76, 77, 1870. = 0. mustellina, Lam. Scripta (Columbella). Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. ii, x, 270. = C, versicolor, Sowb. Scripta (Columbella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, xii, 1225 130 Scripta (Oliva), L^m. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 815 82 Scripta (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 78, 1844 25 Scurra (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 31, f. 380, 1871. = 0. nivea, Gmelin. Scutulata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30; f. 191, 1859. C. catenata, Sowb. Seculina (Marginella), Fhil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 197, t. 27, f. 19, 1844 53 Segesta (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 5, 6 175 Selasia (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., and in Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 2, f. 19, 20. = 0. volutella, Lam. Semen (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 145, 1865 46 Semiconvexa (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 171 125 Seminella, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 234, 1867 102 Seminula (Marginella), Gould. Bost. Proc , vii, 384, 1860 .•.. 56 Seminula( Marginella), Ball. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 72, 1881 57 Semiplicata (Columbella), Stearns. Pro. A. N. S. Phila , 1873, p. 344. .--— C. avara, Say. Semipunctata (Columbella), Lam. Kiener, Coq. Viv., pi. 8. •=C. discors. Gmelin. Semistriata (Oliva), Gray. Zool. in Beechey's Voy., p. 136, t. 36, f. 10, 1839. — O. columellaris, Sowb. Senegalensis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 318. -= 0. peruviana, Lam. Sepulturalis (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 401. --0. maura, Lam. Sericea (Oliva), Bolten. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 10, f. 131-133. = 0. textilina, Lam. Serpentina (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 17. = M. ornata, Redf. Serrata (Anuchis), Carp. Mazatlan, Cat. Zool. Proc., 273, 1865, p. 509, 1857 178 Serrata (Marginella), Gaskoin Zool. Proc., 19, 1849 26 Serrata, Jousseaume. Monog. Marginella, Guerin's Mag., 1875. = Marginella, Lam. Sertulariarum (Columbella), d'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer., pi. 61. f. 13-17 150 Sexplicata (Marginella), Dunker. Cat. Mus. Godeff., 3, 1871 31 Sidelia (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., 1. 19, f. 1, 2, 1835 87 Signata (Oliva), Lischke. Mai. Blatt., 1873, p. 20. =0. Fortunei, Adams. Simeri (Marginella), var. Jousseaume. Monog., 53. = M. fusca, Sowb. Similis (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 14, f. 205-207, 1870. — 0. Lecoquiana, Ducros. Similis (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. A N. S. Phila., 1861, p. 41. = C, avara, Say. Similis (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch , 64, t. 1, f. 17. = A. cingulata, Sowb. Similis (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 97, 1846. == M. obesa, Redfield. Simplex (Murginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 115, 1865. = M. infelix, Jousseaume. Simplex (Oliva), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., 1867, p. 281, t. 23, f. 24 72 Simpronia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 19, 20. C. rustica, Linn. Sinensis (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 3, f. 50, 51 95 240 INDEX. PAGE. Sinuata (Columbella), Sowb. P. Z. Soc., 1874, p. 600,.pl. 72, f. 3, 3 a. ? = C. rugosa, Sowb. Smith! (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1877, p. 172, t, 20, f. 7. = C. lentiginosa, Reeve. Solidula (Harpa), A. Adams. P. Z. S. L., 1853, p. 173. H. minor, Lam. Solidula (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 24, f. 141), 1859 147 Sonsonatensis (Pygmeea), Morch. Jour. Conch., 1859, p. 257 ; Mai. Blatt,, vii, 92, 1861 105 Sordida (Columbella), d'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer., pi. 77, f. 2; 3. = C. unifasciata, Sowb. Sordida (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 137, 865 54 Souverbiei (Columbella), Crosse. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 101, pi. v, fig 9. Ill Sowerbya.na (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 53, 57, 1831. - M. monilis, Linn. Sowerbyi (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 114, IIP, 1870. -- 0. reticularis, Lam. Sowerbyi (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. Crit., p. 105, t. 3, f. 103, a, bf 1857. == 0. rosalina, Duclos. Sowerbyi (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 19, f. 5, 6. = C. Boivini, Kiener. Spadicea (Columbella), Philippi. Zeit. Mai., 1846 168 Sparella, Gray. Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., 26, 1857. = Ancillaria, Lam. Sparsa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 31, f. 200, 1869. — C. catenata, Sowb. Speciosa (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1877, p. 35, t. v, f. 3...... 171 Spectrum (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30, f. 194, 1859. = C. varians, Sowb. Splendens (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Syst,, ii, t. 277, f. 2, 3, 1843 21 Splendidula (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 120, t. 37, f 65, CO. C. discors, Gmel. Splendidula (Oliva), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 32, 1825 74 Spicula (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Coach., t. 16, f. 9, 10. = C. Cumingii, Reeve. Spilota (Marginella), Ravenel MSS 56 Spirantha (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. Elliott Soc., i, p. 281, 1859 131 Spiratella (Columbella), von Martens. Mobius, Mauritius, 248, t. 20, f. 12, 1880 152 Spiriplana (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 310, 1882. 198 Spongiarum (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 3, f. 13-16. r= C. rustica, Linn. Spreta (Oliva), Gould. Otia, p. 137. ? — 0. Fortunei, Adams. Spurca (Columbella), Sowerby. Zool. Proc., 113, 1832. Stainforthii (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t 19, f. 40, a, b, 1850 84 Stanislas (Marginella), Tenison- Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 133, 1876 56 Stearnsii (Columbella), Tryon 179 Steeriae (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 18, f. 37, 1850. = O. hiatula, Gmelin. Stellata (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 8, f. 11, 12. ? 0. Lecoquiana, Dncros. Stipon (Marginella), Jousseaume. Mag. de Zool., 241, 1875. = M. oryza, Lam. Storeria (Marginella), Couthuoy. Bost. Jour., i, 440, t. 9, f. 1, 2, 183.7, = M. marginata, Born, minor. INDEX. 241 Strangei (Marginella), Angas. /ool. Proc., 172, t. 26, f. 8, 1877. M. translucida, Sowb. Strenella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 8, f. 1-8 157 Strephona, Browne. Hist. Jamaica, 408, 1756. = Oliva, Brug. Striarella (Murex), Calcara (1841). — Columbella Greci, Phil, Striata (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., x, p. 133 99 Striata (Engina), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 275, pi. 23, f. 10, 1867. 195 Striata (Columbella), Menke. Verzeichn. No. 834, 1828. = C. rustica, Linn. Striata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 6, f. 5-8. — C. rustica, Linn. Striata (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 375, t. 75, f. 81, 82, 1846.. 25 Striatula (Harpa), A. Adams. P. Z. S. L., 1853, p. 173, t. xx, f. 7 u. 8. = Young of H. conoidalis, Lam. Striatula (Columbella), Dkr. , Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 155, 1871 176 Stricta (Columbella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 340, 1882 163 Strigata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 25, f. 154, 1859. = C. Broderipii, Sowb. Strigata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 25, f. 72, a, b, 1850. = O. mutica, Say, var. nitidula. Strigata (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 530, 1817. = M. elegans, Gmel. Siriolata (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch. — A. cinnamomea, Lam. Strix (Columbella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 338, 1882. = C. Verrilli, ball. Strombiformis (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 266 104 Strombina, Morch. Yoldi Cat,, 85, 1852 102, 183 Suavis (Margineila), Souv. Jour, de Conch., vii, 376, 1859 27 Subacta (Columbella strix, var.), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 339, 1882. = C. Verrilli, ball. Subangulata (Oliva), Philippi. Abb., xix, i, 1. 1, f. 2. =c= 0. araneosa, Lam. Subbulbosa (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 1877-78, p. 86 , 55 Subcserulea (Marginella), Martini. Morch. = M. prunum, Gmel. Subcostata (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Krebs' Cat., 30. = C. costulata, C. B. Ad. Sublaevis (Columbella), Montr. Jour, de Conch., 3d s., iv, p. 270, 1864. = C. Marquesana, Gask. Subtrigona (Marginella), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xv, 897, 1865 ; 43. 198 Subtriplicata (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 99, 1853 49 Sublurrita (Anachis), Carp. Pro. Cal. Ac. Sc., iii, p. 223 178 Subulata (Columbella), buclos. Mouogr., pi. 9, f. 15, 16 148 Subulata (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch,, i, p. 140, pi. 40, f. 158 and 159 186 Subulata (Oliva), Lam. Am. du Mus., xvi, p. 323. = 0. acuminata, Lam. Subulati, pars (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 12, f. 7, 1835. = 0. nebulosa, Lam. Subvitrea (Columbella), Smith. Zool. Proc., 209, 1879. :a Pleurotomi'dge. Succinea (Marginella), Conrad. Proc. Phil. Acad., 26, t 1, f. 17, 1846... 34 Sulziensis (Margiuella), Issel. Mai. Mar. Rosso, 115, 1869. = M. minuta, Pfr. Suffusa (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i,p. 142, pi. 40, f. 166, 167. 155 Sugillata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, pi. 29. f. 189, 1859 145 Sulcata (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 102, t. 21, f. 14-16, 1853. ? = M. striata, Sowb. Sulcata (Columbtlla), Duclos. Monogr., 'pi. 1, f. 13,14..... 109 Sulcosa (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 118 176 31 242 INDEX. PAGE. Sulcifera (Erato), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 14, 1865. = E, lachryma, Gray 8 Sulcifera (Erato). Gray. Desc. Cat., 16, 1832 , 11 Suturalis (Columbella), Gray. Griffith, Anim. King, pi. 41, f. 6. = C, fluctuata, So *b. Swainsoniana (.Vlarginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 55, 1851. = M. phrygia, Sowb. Sylvia (Oliva), Duclos in Chenu, t. 14, f. 10-13. = 0. erythrostoma, Lam . Syria (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 23, f. 1, 2. = Lagena leuco/onalis, Lam., juv. Manual, iii, 96. Tseniata (Columbella), Philippi. Zeit. Mai., 1846 167 Tseniata (Columbella), Adams and Reeve. Moll. Voy. Samar., 34, pi. 11, f. 19. == C. Marquesana, Gask. Tseniata (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846. 52 Tamelana (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr.. pi. 13, f. 9, 10. Fossil. Tankervillei (Ancillaria), Swainson. Jour. Sc., xviii, p. 283 95 Tant.illa (Marginella), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 384, 1860 55 Tasmanica (Marginella), Tenison- Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 28, 1875 23 Tasmanica (Ancillaria) Tenison-Woods. Pr. R. Soc. Tasmania, 1876, 135. = Var. of A. marginata, Lam. Tayloriana (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 36, f. 225, 1859 141 Tehuelchana (Oliva), d'Orb. Voy. en Am. mer., t. 40, f. 7-12 68 Telea (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, Conch. Illust., t. 25, f. 13, 14 190 Tenebrica (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30. f. 204, 1859 128 Tenebrosa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 13, f. 177, 1870. = 0. tremulina, Lam. Tenebrosa (Voluta) (\Iawe), Wood. Ind. Test, Suppl., t, 4, f. 38. =; Oliva undatella, Lam. Tenera (Vlarginella), Menke, Syn. Meth., 88, 1828 55 Tenisoni (Columbella), Tryon 128 Tentoria (Oliva), Link. = Porphyria, Linn. Tenuis (Oliva), .Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 22, f, 385. = 0. gracilis, Brod. and Sowb. Tenuis (Columbella), Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 2 127 Teophania (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 20, f. 1, 2 164 Tergina (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 2, f. 13-16 66 Terpsichore (Columbella), Menke. Zeit. Mai, 185, 1851. ? == C. coronata, Sowb. Terpsichore (Columbella), Sowb. Genera Shells, f. 6 154 Terquemi (Columbella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zoo., i, p. 265, pi. v, f. 1, 2, 1876 187 Terveriana (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 49, t. 2, f. 2, 1851. = M. monilis. Linn. Tessellata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 320, n. 38 87 Tessellata (Columbella), Dkr. Mai Blatt, xviii, p. 156. ? C. rorida, Reeve. Tessellata (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Cat. Panama Shells, 103, 1852. C. Guatemalensis, Reeve. Tessellata (Marginella), Sowb. (part). Thes. Conch., t. 5, f. 195. M. chrysomelina, Redfield. Tessellata (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 361, 1822. - M. porcellana, Gmel. Testacea (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 324. = 0. hiatula, Gmel. INDEX. 243 PAGE. Test* (Buccinum), Aradas. Descr. delle conch, foss. Gravitelli presso Messina, p. 28, 1847. = Columbella costulata, Cant. Testina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 7, f. 11, 12 175 Testudinalis (Harpa), Auct. Reeve, Icon., sp. 9. = H. crenata, Swains. Textilina (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 309, n. 2. — 0. irisans, Lam., var. Thomasi (Oliva). Crosse. Jour, de Conch., ix, p. 178, t. 6, f. 3, 4, 1861... 85 Ticaonis (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 134 126 Tigrina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 1, f. 7-10. -— C. versicolor, Sowb. Tigrioa (Oliva), Meuschen. Marrat. in Thes. Conch., t. 15, f. 222-224. = 0. tessellata, Lam. Tigrina (Oliva), Lam. Hist, Nat, vii, p. 432 75 Timora (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 1, f. 4 (non Duclos). .— 0. angulata, Lain. Timorensis (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 17, f. 11-13. — 0. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettae. Tincta (Anachis?), Carp. Ann, Nat. Hist., 1864, xiv, p. 48 178 Tisophana (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. 111., t, 17, f. 17, 18. -0. reticularis, Lam. Todosina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 25, f. 9, 10. = O. sidelia, Duclos. Tornatella (Marginella), Savigny. Moll, de 1' Egypt. ? = Tornatella. Torosa (Ancillaria) (Meuschen), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 30, 31. = A. Mauritiana, Sowerby. Torticula (Marginella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 73, 1881 58 Tortoliva, Conr. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 143, 211, t. 21, f. 4, 1865. ? = Agaronia, Gray Traillii (Marginella), Reeve. Couch. Icon., t. 21, f. 114, 1865 31 Translata (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 259, 1870 44 Translirata (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. A. N. S. Phila., 1861, p. 42. ? == C. avara, Say. Translucida (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 376, t. 75, f. 62,63, 1846. 26 Tremulina (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 310 80 Tribalteata (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 102, 1863. = M. exilis, Gmelin. Tricincta (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 76, 1844 31 Tricolor (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 316 76 Tricolor (Ancillaria), Gray. App. Voy. Fly, ii, p. 357. = Young of A. Australis, Sow. Tridentata (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Phila. Soc. Adelaide, 87, 1878 55 Trifasciata (Lachryma), Humphr. Cat. Erato lachryma, Gray. Trifasciata (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 41, 1840. = Engina alveolata, Kiener. Trigidella (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 8, f. 13-16, 1835. -0. ispidula, Linne. Tringa (Columbella), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 325 181 Tringa (Mitra), Costa. Cat. Moll. Sicil., p. 72, No. 5. = Columbella rustica, Linn. Tringua (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t, 8, f. 5, 6, 1835. .— 0. elegans, var. tricolor, Lam. Triplicata (Marginella), Orb. Moll- Cuba, t. 20, f. 30-32. = M. subtriplieata, Orb 35 Triplicata (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc., 19, 1849... 35 Triticea (Volvaria), var. B, Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 363, 1822. •-= Marginella secalina, Phil. Triticea (Oliva), Duclos, Monogr,, t, 1, f, 5, 6, 1835 ,,..,,w.,, 72 244 INDEX. Triticea (Volvaria), Lamarck. An. sans'Vert., vii, 363, 1822. Marginella exilis, Gmelin. Triticum (Buccinum), Solander. Wimmer, Sitzb. Acad. Wien, Ixxx, 483. - -i: Columbella pulchella, t*ow. (aot Kiener). Triumphalis (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr.. pi. 5, f. 15, 16. — - Cantharus distortus, Gray. Vol. iii, 165. Troglodytes (Columbella), Souv. Jour, de Conch., 1866, p. 145, pi vi, f. 4. 165 Tronsoni (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 58, t. 2, f. 20, 21. = 0. cinnamomea, Lam. Trumbulli (Fusus), Gould. Am. Jour. Sci., vi, 235, f. 7, 184S. = Columbella lunata, Say. Truncata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 41, 1870. = 0. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettae. • Tuberculata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 173, 1859 156 Tuberculo^a (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1862, p. 243 l'.»5 Tuberosa (Oliva). Bolt. 0. intiata, Lam. Tuberosa (Columbella), Carp. Ann. Nat. Hist,, 1865, xv, p. 398 135 Tumida (Columbella), Reeve (not Duclos). Icon., f. 63, 1858. = C. rustics, Linn. Tumida (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 13, f. 13, 14. Fossil. Tunguina (Oliva), Marrat (not Duclos). Thes. Conch, f. 406, 1871. M. mutica. Say. Tunquina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 6, f. 1, 2, 1835. I), mandarina, Duclos. Turbida (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 2, f. 1-2 133 Turb:nata (Marginella). Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 385, t. 75, f. 70, 71, 1846. 23 Turbinella (Riciuula), Kiener. Purpura, 29, t. 9, f. 25. - Engina 192 Turnbullii (Columbella), Linsl. H. and A. Adams, Genera, i, 187. = C. lunata, Say. Turriia (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Z'oo. Soc., 1832, p. 115 1 Turturina (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., x, p. 273 109 Tyermani (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 136, 1876 22 Tyleri (Columbella), Gray. Griffith's Cuv. Anim. King. = C. pardalina, Lam., var. Uncinata (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114 196 Undata (Amycla), Carp. MSS. labels (non Carp. Sup. Rep.). = Amphissa versicolor, Dall. Undata (Amycla), Carp. Pro. Cal. Ac. Sc , iii, p. 159, 1864 177 Undata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 4, f o-4. := C. tringa, Lam. Undata (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. Deshayes, x, 618. = 0. inflata, Lam. Undatella (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi., p. 326 70 Undulata (Marginella), Desh. in Lam., edit. 2, x, 451, 1844. M. elegans, Gmel. Unicolor (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 119. = C. unifasciata, Sowb. Unifasciata (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114 116 Unifascialis (Columhella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., p. 273 117 Unilineata (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 12. M. fusiformis, Hinds, var. Unizonalis (Columbella), Gray. Moll. Voy. Blossom, p. 129. = C. unifasciata, Sowerby. Urceus (Oliva), Bolt. = Brasiliana, Lam. Ustulata (Oliva) Lamk. Anim. sans Vert., v, 10, }>. 620. = 0. reticularis, Lam. INDEX. 245 PAGE. Utriculina, Gray. Zool. Proc., 149, 1847. Olivancillaria, d'Orb. Utricutus (Oliva), Gmalin. Lam., Ann. »hi Mu3., xvi, p. 323. = 0. gibbosa, Born. Utriculus, juv (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 17, f. 3,4 -0. nebulosa. Lam. Uvania (Oolumbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 10, f. 5, 6 133 Valentina (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 28, f. 23, 24. = 0. dactyliola, Duclos. Valga (Columbella), Gould. Pro. BJS. Soc. N. H., vol. iii, p. 169 158 Valida (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic , xi, pi. 24, f. 151, 1859. = C. costellata, Sowb. Valveta (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi 13, f. 7, 8. Fossil. Varia ( \Jarginella), in part, Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 390, t. 76, f. 137-140, 1846. = M. avena, Valeuc. Varia (Marginella), in part, Sowb. Zool. Proc , 97, 1846. M. albilineata, Orb. Varia (Cithara), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon., 1860, p. 147. - Columbella Peasei, Mart. Varia (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. SJCM 1832, p. 116 154 Variabilis (Oliva), Gray. Zool. Proc., 47, 18-38. = 0. ispidula, Linn. Variabilis (Engina), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 275, pi. 23, f. 9, 1867. C. nodicostata, Pease. Variabilis (Persicula), Sebum. Nouv. Syst., 235, 1817. - Marginella per-sicula, Linn. Varicosa (Colambella) Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 5. = C costellata, Sowb. Variegata (Oliva), Bolt. 0. elegans, Lam., var. tricolor. Variegata (Columbella), Meuke. Synopsis, 65, 1830. ? C. versicolor. Sowb. Variegata (Columbella), Stearns. Pro. Cal. Acad. Sc., v, p. 81, pi. i, f. 5. = C. tuberosa, Cpr. Variegata (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., t. 4. f. 71. 0. cinnamoinea, Lam. Varians (Columhella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 118 110 Varians (Columbella), Dunker. Mai. Blatt., vi, t. 231 ; Moll. Japon., 6; Lischke, Suppl.. 55. C. Dunkeri, Tryon. Vautiert (Marginella), Bernard!. Jour, de Conch., iv, 68, t. 2, f. 13, 14, 1853. = M imbricata, Hinds. Velata (Columbella) Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 28, f. 182, 1859 123 Veleda (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, III. Conch., t. 7, f 19, '20. = C. varia, Sowb. Venilia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Illust., t. 17, f. 1, 2. C. labiosa, Sowb. Ventricosa (Oliva). Duclos. Monogr., pi. 4, f 13, 14, 1835. Fossil. Ventricosa (Voluta), Dillwyn. Catalog., i, 515. •== Oliva inflata, Lam. Ventricosa (Erato), Gray. Desc. Cat., 17, 1832 11 Ventricosa (Ancillaria), Swainson. Teste Sowerby (non Lam.). = A. cinnamomea, Lam. Ventricosa (Ancillaria), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 304. . A. cinnamomea, Lam, Ventricosa (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. ii, t. x, p. 130 98 Ventricosa (Harpa), var. Kiener, p. 6, t. 2, f. 2. H. costata, Linn. Ventricosa (Marginella,) Fischer. Mus. Demidoff, iii, 173, 1807. = M. quinqueplicita, Lam. Venulata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, t. 313, No. 13. = 0. araneosa, Lam. var. 24 Thes. Conch,, f» 13 4.. 19 250 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGUKK. PAGE. 83. Marginella obtusa, Sowb. Thes., f. 11 20 8i. Marginella mirabilis, Barclay (-— obtusa). Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 6, 1869 20 85. Marginella Adansoni, Kiener. Sowb., Thes., f. 3 20 86. Marginella Bellii, Sowb. (== Adansonii?). Thes. Conch., f. 29..... 20 87. Marginella nodata, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 36, a 20 88. Marginella Cleryi, Petit. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 37, b 20 89. Marginella- limbata, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 19 21 90. Marginella vittata, Reeve (— ornata, Redfield). Icon., f. 17, c.... 21 91. Marginella faba, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 1 21 92. Marginella pseudofaba, Sowb. Tnes. Conch., f. 21 21 93. Marginella 8 pi en den a, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 23 21 94. Marginella Guillaini, Petit, Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 13 22 95. Marginella musica Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 37 22 96 97. Marginella diadochus, Ads. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, t. 7, f. 4, a, c 22 98, 99. Marginella Belcheri, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 25, 26 ... 22 100. Marginella vexillum, Redfield. Am. Jour. Conch., v, t. 8, f. 2 22 1. Marginella Harpseformis, Beck. Reeve. Icon., f 31. a 22 2. Marginella formicula, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 42 23 3. Marginella muscaria, Lam. (= formicula). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 45 23 Plate 7. 4. Marginella turbinata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 122 23 5. Marginella Volutiformis. Reeve (-== turbinata). Reeve, Icon., 131, b. 23 6. Marginella Tasmanica, Tenison-Woods. Specimen 23 7. Marginella opalina, Stearns. Specimen 23 8. Marginella aureocincta, Stearns. Specimen 24 9. Marginella deformis, Nevill. Kiister, t. 24, f. 15 14 10. Marginella fusiformis, Hinds. Sowb, Thes Conch., f. 77 24 11. Marginella inflexa, Sowb. (-.— fusiformis). Thes., f. 132 24 12. Marginella fusiformis, Hinds (— --. var. unilineata, Jouss.). Reeve, Icon., f. 79 24 13. Marginella hsematida, Kiener. Sowb.. Thes. Conch., f. 60 24 14. Marginella electrum, Reeve (= haematida). Icon., f. 118, b 24 15. Marginella Nevilli, Jousseaume. Kiister, t, 22, f. 16 24 16. Marginella Lantzi, Jouss. (= Nevilli). Kiister, t. 18, f. 8 24 17. Marginella picturata, Nevill. Kiister, t. 22, f. 14 25 18. Marginella festiva, Kiener. Sowb., Thes., f. 73 25 19. Marginella scripta, Hinds. Sowb., Thss. Conch., f. 83 2» 20. Marginella Lifouana, Crosse. Kiister, t. 22, f. 10 25 21. Marginella Lucia, Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, t. 5, f. 12, 1876. 25 22. Marginella margarita, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 123 25 23. Marginella Candida, Sowb. (= margarita). Thes. Conch., f. 87 25 24. Marginella striata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 155, b 25 25. Marginella sulcata, Orb. (.- striata). Moll. Cuba, t. 21, f. 15 25 26. Marginella scalaris, Jouss. (— striata). Kiister, t. 18, f. 3 25 27. Marginella Chaperi, Jouss. Kiister, t. 18, f. 1 26 28. Marginella pusilla, A. Ad. (= pumila, Redfield). Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 1, 18G7 26 29. Marginella translucida, Sowb. Thes., f. 62 , 26 30. Marginella Strangei Angas (= translucida). Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 8, 1877 26 :il. Marginella serrata, Gaskoin. Reeve, Icon., f. 124, b 26 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 251 KiOURE. PAGK. 32. Marginella Osteri, Jouss. Kiister, t. 18, f. 14 26 33. Marginella Australis, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 65 27 34. Marginella Metcalfei, Angas (^= Australis). Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 9, 1877 . . 27 Plate 8. 35. Marginella pygmsea, Sowb. (— translucida). Thes., f. 79 26 36. Marginella ochracea, Angas (^= Australis). Zool. Proc., t. 1, f. 6, 1871 27 37. Marginella vitrea, Hinds. Sowb , Thes. Conch., f. 74 27 38. Marginella inconspicua, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 80 27 39. Marginella Saulise, Sowb. Tties. Conch., f. 68 27 40. Marginella evanida, Sowb. Thes., f. 69 27 41. Marginella suavis, Souverb. Kiister, t. 19, f. 10 27 42. Marginella neglecta, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 135 27 43. Marginella rut'ula, Gaskoin ( ^ neglecta). Reeve, Icon., f. 149, b.. 27 44. 45. Marginella marginata. Born. Reeve, Icon., f. 46, a, b 28 46. Marginella cincta, Kiener (= marginata). Reeve, f. 44, a 28 47. Marginella Storeria, Couth. (= marginata). Bost. Jour N. Hist., i, t. 9, f. 1 28 48. Marginella crassilabrum, Reeve (= marginata). Icon., f. 92 28 49. Marginella Saulcyana, Petit ( marginata). Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 11 28 50. Marginella Loroisii, Born (— : marginata). Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., i, t. 8, f. 7 28 51. Marginella amygdala, Kiener (== marginata). Reeve, Icon., f. 43, b. 28 52. Marginella curta, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f, 23, a 28 53. 54. Marginella crassilabrum, Sowb. (= labrosa, Redfield). Thes. Conch., f. 124, 125 28 55, 56. Marginella gibbosa, Jousseaume. Kiister, t. 18, f. 10, 11 29 57. Marginella Keenii, Marrat. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser., vii, t. 11, f. 13 29 58, 59. Marginella ccerulescens, Lam. (= prunum, Gmel). Sowb., Thes., f. 153, 154 29 60 Marginella Burchardi, Uunk. (= prunum). Novit. Conch., 1. 11,. f. 3. 29 61. Marginella Martinii, Petit (-^prunum). Jour, de Conch., iv, t. 11, f. 8 29 Plate 9. fi'2. Marginella sapotilla, Hinds (— prunum). Voy. Sulphur, 1. 13, f. 10. 29 63. Marginella quinqueplicata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 40, a 30 64. Marginella quinqueplicata, Lam. Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, t. 45, f. 13. 30 65. Marginella encaustica, Reeve (.:: quinqueplicata, juv.). Icon., f. 148, b 30 66. Marginella quinqueplicata, var. Hainesii, Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 8, f. 5 30 67. 82. Marginella elegans, Gmel. Reeve, Icon., f. 4, b, 4, c 30 68. Marginella strigata, Dillw (—elegans). Reeve, Icon., f. 5, b 30 69. Marginella strigata, Dillw. (^elegans). Thes. Conch., f. 148 30 70. Marginella Burchardi, Reeve (—elegans). Conch. Icon., f. 3, b... 30 71. Marginella tricincta, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 181 31 72. Marginella immersa, Reeve (= tricincta). Conch. Icon., f. 109... 31 73. Marginella Traillii, Reeve. Icon., f. 114 31 74. Marginella sexplicata, Bunker. Kiister, t. 16, f. 7 31 252 REFERENCE TO PLATES. KICl 'UK. VAttK. 75. Marginella odoricyi, Bernard!. Kiister, t, 19, f. 6 76. Marginella Bernard?!, Largill. Reeve, Icon., f. 38, b 83. Marginella Olivella, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 140, b 77. 80. Marginella oblonga, Swainson. Reeve, Icon., f. 51, a 32 78. Marginella amabilis , Redf. ( - oblonga). Sowb., Thes., f. 114 32 79. Marginella rostrata. Redf. ( .- oblonga). Sowb., Thes., f. 107 32 81. Marginella longivaricosa, Lam. ( -.gutiata, Dillw.). Sowb., Thes., f.112 32 Plate 10. 84. Marginella nivosa, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch , f. 100 32 85. Marginella pruinosa, Hinds (--nivosa). Sowb., Thes., f. Ill 86. Marginella carnea, Storer. Sowb., Thes., f. 103 ... 88. Marginella rosci da, Redf. Tryon, Am. Mar. Conch., f. 90 89. Marginella apicina, Menke. Sowb., Thes., f. 99 90. Marginella conoidalis, Lam. (— apicina). Sowb., Thes., f. 94 91. Marginella diaphana, Kien. (== pellucida, Pfr.). Sowb., Thes., f. 95. •>•> 92. Marginella nitida, Hinds. Sowb., Thes., f. 131 34 93. Marginella succinea, Conrad (—nitida). Specimen 34 94. 95. Marginella Wallacei, Jouss. Kuster, t. 18, f. 9, 12 34 96. Marginella cantharus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 110, a 97. Marginella Cap-nsis, Dunker. Reeve, Icon., f. 113 34 98. Marginella paxillus. Reeve. Icon., f. 133, a 99. Marginella Kedtieldii, Tryon. Specimen 100. Marginella annuluta, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 119, b.... 35 1,2. Marginella triplicata, Gaskoin. Reeve, Icon., f. 126 35 3. Marginella bullata, Born. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 158 :>>o 4. Marginella Cuvieri, Desh. (bullata). Sowb., Thes., f. 159 35 •">. Marginella angustata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 169 35 6. Marginella blanda. Hinds. Sowb., Thes., f. 167 -^ 7. Marginella dactylus, Hinds. Sowb., Thes., f. 187 :>>6 8. Marginella elongata, Pease (.-.... elliptica, Redf.). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t.. 23, f. 24 36 9. Marginella cornea, Lam Reeve, Icon., f. 52, b 36 10. Marginella persicula, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 190 36 11. Marginella cingulata, Dillw. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 185 •'><'> 12. Marginella multilineata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 64 :>>r> 13. Marginella tessellata, Lam. ( porcellana, Gmel). Sowb., Thes., f. 197 :!7 Plate 11. 14. Marginella Kieneriana, Petit. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 63. a -".7 15. Marginella maculosa, Reeve ( calculus, Redf.). Conch. Icon., f. 65, a 37 16. 17. Marginella interrupta, Lam. (.-- interrupte-lineata, Muhlf.). Sowb., Thes., f. 2 3,205 .".7 18, 19. Marginella similis, Sowb. ( obesa, Redf.). Thes. Conch., f. 206, 207 :>~ 20. Marginella imbricata, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 59, a 37 21. Marginella Vautieri, Bern. ( imbricata). Jour, de Conch., iv, t. 2, f. 13 -'-7 22. Marginella maculosa, Kiener. Iconog., t. 9, f. 40 37 23. Marginella muralis, Hinds ( maculosa). Sowb., Thes., f. 217 37 •_M. Marginella DeBurghirc, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 68 3S REFERENCE TO PLATES. 253 FIGURE. PA OK. 25. Marginella pulchella, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 66... 38 26. Marginella phrygia, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 67 «8 27. Marginella frumentum, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon , f. 71 38 28. Marginella catenata, Mont. Reeve, Icon., f. 73, a 38 29. Marginella catenata, Mont. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 226 38 30. Marginella pulcherrima, Gask. Sowb., Thes., f. 224 39 31. Marginella sagittata, Hinds. Sowb., Thes , f. 223 39 32. Marginella .chrysomelina, Redfield. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 121... 39 33. Marginella Pacifica, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 20 39 34. Marginella dubiosa, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 15, f. 17 39 35. Marginella ovulum, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 188 40 36. Marginella occulta, Monts. Kiister, t, 23, f. 15 40 37. Marginella pisum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 156 40 38. Marginella clandestina, Brocchi. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 216 40 39. Marginella pygmtca, Issel (— Isseli, Nevill). Savigny, Des. Egypt, t. 6, f. 26 40 40. Marginella oryza, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 75, b 40 41. Margiuella dens, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 120 40 42. Marginella Guanacha, Orb. Moll. Canaries, t. 6, f. 33 41 43. Marginella Ovuliformis, Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 20, f. 34 41 44. Marginella Lefevrei, Bernardi. Jour, de Conch., iv, t. 12, f. 11... 41 45. Marginella monilis, Linn. Reeve, Icon., f. 111... 41 46. Marginella Terveriana, Petit ( monilis). Reeve, Icon., f. 127... 41 47. Marginella miliaria, Linn. Sowb.. Thes. Conch., f. 230 42 48. Marginella Savignyi, Issel ( miliaria). Savigny, Desc. Egypt, t. 6, f. 18 42 49. Marginella carneola, Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 14 42 50. Marginella pyrulum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 117 42 51. Marginella simplex, Reeve ( infelix, Jouss.). Conch. Ic., f. 115. 42 Plate 12. 52. Marginella asellina, Jouss. Kiister, Monog., t. 20, f. 9 42 53. Marginella lachryma, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 159 43 54. Marginella Crossei, Velain. Arch. Zool. Exper., vi., t. 3, f. 5 43 £5. Marginella subtrigona, Carpenter. Specimen 43 56. Marginella regularis, Carpenter. Specimen 43 57. Marginella Jewettii, Carpenter. Reeve, Icon., f. 146 43 58. Marginella glandina, Velain. Arch. Zool. Exper , vi, t. 3, f. 3 43 59. Marginella Benguelensis, Jouss. ( exilis, Gmel.). Kiister, t. 20, f. 13 51 60. Marginella minuta, Pfr. Philippi, Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 27, f. 23 43 61. Marginella Lavalleana, Orb. ( minuta). Reeve, Icon , f. 153 43 62. Marginella minima, Guild ( minuta). Sowb,, Thes. Couch., f. 220. 43 6:;. Marginella Sueziensis, Issel ( - minuta). Savigny, Desc. Egypt, t. (i, f. 17 43 64. Marginella Bensoni, Reeve. Icon., f. 158 44 65. Marginella minor, C. B. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 152 44 66. Marginella pyriformis, Pease ( tran^lata, Redf.). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 21 44 67. Marginella Angasi, Brazier. Kiister, Monog,, t. 24, f. 14 45 68. Marginella polyodonta, Velain. Arch. Zool. Exp., vi, t. 3, f. 1 45 69. Marginella pygmaea, Garrett (= Sandwicensis, Pease). Pro. Phila. Acad., t. 2, f. 27, 1873 45 70. Marginella Capensis, Stimpson (--Cystiscus, Redfield). Am. Jour. Conch., i, t. 8, f. 2 4P, 254 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 71. Marginella semen, Reeve. Conch. Icon,, f. 145 46 72. Marginella pulvis, Jousseaume. Kiister, Monog. t. 20, f. 1 46 73. Marginella Mariei, Crosse. Kiister, Monog., t. 24, f. 16 46 74. Marginella ros, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 147 46 75. Marginella bulbosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 144 4tf 77. Marginella Largillierti, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f, 22, b 47 78. Marginella ovum, Reeve (:^-- Largillierti). Icon., f. 89, a 47 79. Marginella quadrilineata, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 48, b 47 80. Marginella jilacina, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 176 47 81. 82. Marginella, sarda, Kiener. Sowb., Tbes. Conch., f. 174, 175... 47 83. Marginella Manceli, Jouss. (= sarda). Kiister, Monog., t. 18, f. 7. 47 84. Marginella pallida, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 108 48 85. Marginella pellicula, Marr. ( lucida, Marr.) Kiister, t. 23, f. 12. 86. Marginella compressa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 180 48 87. Marginella rnustelina, Angas. Zool. Pro., t. 1, f. 5, 1871 48 88. Marginella fauna, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 126 48 89. Marginella alabaster, Reeve (- fauna). Conch. Icon., f. 107 48 90. Marginella diaphana, Kiister (= fauna). Monog., t. 4, f. 6 48 91. Marginella Olivellseformis, Jouss Kiister, Monogr., t. 20, f. 11 48 92. Marginella zonata, Kiener. Iconog., t. 13, f. 4 49 0:}, 94. Marginella bilineata, Krauss (—zonata). Thes. Conch. ,f. 115, 116 49 Plate 13. 95. Marginella micans, Petit. Kiister, Monog., t. 16, f. 13 49 96, 97. Marginella fusca, Sowb. (= exilis, Gmel.). Thes. Conch., f. 122, 123 ">1 98. Marginella lactea, Kiener. Sowb., Then. Conch , f. 143 49 99. Marginella affinis, Reeve (= lactea). Conch. Icon., f. 136 49 100. Marginella subtriplicata, Orb. Reeve, Icon., f. 135 49 1. Marginella Mexicana, Jouss. Kiister, Monog., t. 20, f. 15 50 2. Marginella varia, Sowb. (= avena, Valenc.). Thes. Conch., f 137. 50 3. 8. Marginella varia, Sowerby ( avena, var. Beyerleana, Bern.). Thes. Conch., f. 138, 139 , 50 4. Marginella livida, Reeve (—-avena). Conch. Icon., f. 100 50 5. Marginella guttula, Reeve (== avena). Conch. Icon., f. 101 50 6. Marginella Philippinarum, Redtield. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 81... 51 7. Marginella triticea, Lam. ( .— - exilis, Gmel ). Kiener, t. 6, f. 25 51 9. Marginella epigrus, Reeve (= exilis, juv. ?). Cnnch. Icon., f. 151. 50 10. Marginella Benguelensis, Jouss. (== exilis). Kiister, t. 20, f. 16... 51 11. Marginella tribalteata, Reeve (-.-— exilis). Conch. Icon., f. 102 51 12. Marginella mediocincta, Smith. Kiister, Conch, Cab., t. 23, f. 9... 52 13. Marginella Bouvieri, Jouss. (= mediocincta). Bull. Soc. Zool., i, t. 6, f. 6 52 14. Marginella rubella, C. B. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 133 52 15. Marginella navicella, Reeve (— rubella). Conch. Icon , f. 103, b.. 52 16. Marginella tamiat a, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 129 52 17. Marginella Verdensis, Smith (— taoniata). Kiister, Conch. Cab., t, 23, f. 8.. 52 18. Marginella Calameli, Jouss. (•-- secalina). Guerin's Mag., t. 18, f. 3, 1871-2 53 19. Marginella rufescens, Reeve (--— secalina). Conch. Icon., f. 112... .">3 20. 21. Marginella triticea, Sowb. (= secalina). Thes. Conch., f. 120, 121 58 22. Marginella obscura, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 132 52 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 255 KTGLRK. PAOK. 23. Marginella infans. Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 150, a •">:; 24. Marginella attenuata, Reeve Conch. Icon., f. 116 f-8 25. Marginella heterozona, Jouss. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 20, f. 8 58 2(5. Marginella cylindrica, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 134 53 27. Marginella Peasei, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 108, b 53 28. Margiuella Paumotensis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 22. 54 21). Marginella corusca, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 143, a 54 30. Marginella Bazini, .lous-". Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 20, f. 3 54 31. Marginella Caledonica, Jouss. Bull. Soc Zool., i, t. 6, f. 9 54 82. Marginella sordida, Reeve. Icon., f. 137 54 88. Marginella bullula, Keeve. Conch. Icon., f. 139, b 54 84. Marginella fasciata, Sowb. Thes. Consh., f. 142 54 85. Marginella Baylei, Jouss. Kii«ter, Conch. Cab., t. 18, f. 16 55 26. Marginella bibalteata, Reeve ( graciln, C. B. Ad.). Conch. lc., f. 99 55 37. Marginella albolineata, Orb Moll. Cuba, t. 20, f. 28 35 38. Marginella pyriformis, Carpenter. Specimen 41 81). Marginella rubens, Martens. Conch. Mitth., ii, t. 23, f. 1 30 40. Marginella PatagonicM, Martens. Conch. Mitth., ii, t. 23, f . 4 51 Plate 14. 41 Olivella mutica, Marr. ( Verreauxi, Ducros) Thes. Conch., f. 4. 66 42. Olivella mica, Duclos ( Verreauxi). Mnnog., t. 1. f. 12 64 43, 44. Olivella mutica, Say. Weinkauff, in Kiister, t. 36, f. 5, 8 64 45, 46. Olivella pusilla, Marratf. mutica). Thes Conch., f. 357, 358. 64 47. Olivella rufi fasciata, Reeve (.-..• mutica). Thes. Conch., f. 449 64 48, 49. Olivella nitMula, Dillw. (-•-.. mutica, var.). Weinkauff, in Kiister. t, 30, f. 11, 12 64 5<\ 51. Olivella zigzag, Duclos ( '--.mutica, var. nititula). Monog., t. 2, f. 1, 1 a 64 52. Olivella fimbriata, Heeve ( mutica, var. nitidula). Conch. Ic., f. 92, b... 64 53. Olivella micula, Marr. ( mutica, var. nitidula). Thes. Conch., f. 468 64 •">4. Olivella miliola, d'Orb. ( mutica, var. nitidula). Moll. Cuba, t. 21, f. 21 04 55. Olivella strigata, Reeve (=-- mutica, var. nitidula). Conch. Icon., f. 72, a 64 56. Olivella mandarina. Duclos: Monog., t. 1, f. 20 65 57. Olivella Tunguina, Dnclos ( mandarina). Monog., t. 6, f. 2 <>."> 5N. Olivella rosalina, Duclos. Monog., t. 1, f. 2 65 59. Oliveila Sowerbyi, Ducros ( .— rosalina). Rev. Crit., t. 3, f. 103, a. 65 60. Olivella Volutelloides. Marr. ( : rosalina). The?. Conch., f. 436... 65 61. Olivella petiolita, Duclos. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 394 66 62. Olivella intorta, Carp. ( petiolita). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 455.. 66 155. Olivella mica, Marr. ( petiolita). Thes. Conch., f. 408 66 64. Olivella plana, Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 463 66 65. Olivella Esther, Duclos, Monog., t, 3, f. 8 66 66. Olivella columba, Duclos ( Esther). Monog., t. 3, f. 4 66 67. Olivella tergina, Duclos. Reeve, Ion., f. 80, c 66 68. Olivella pulchella, Reeve (- :. . nivea, Gmel.). Icon., f. 98 67 69. Olivella zanoeta, Duclos (--= zonalis). Monog., t. 2, f. 9 67 70. Olivella columellaris, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 348.. 67 71. Olivella semistriata, Gray ( columellaris). Thes. Conch., f, 351. 67 72. Olivella attenuata, Reeve ( columellaris). Conch. Icon., f. 90, b. 67 250 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 73. Olivella affinis, Marr. (= columellaris). Thes. Conch., f. 352 67 74. Olivella nivea, Gmel. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 64, a 67 75. Olivella parvula, zMartini (~ nivea). Marr., Thes. Conch , f. 373. 67 76. Olivella Guildingii, Reeve fc= nivea). Conch. Icon., f. 89, b 67 77. Olivella monilifera, Reeve (= nivea). Conch. Icon., f. 84, a 67 78. Olivella pulchella, Reeve ( nivea). Conch. Icon., f 98, b 67 79. Olivella dealbata, Reeve ( nivea). Conch. Icon., f. 71 67 80. Olivella rubra, Marr. ( nivea). Thes. Conch., f. 459 67 81. Olivella fulgida, Reeve (= nivea). Conch. Icon., f. 78, a 67 82. Olivella inconspicua, Marr. (== nivea). Thes. Conch., t. 437 67 83. Olivella Reevei, Ducros (-- nivea). Revue Critique, f. 1003 07 84. Olivella diadochus, Ad. and Rve. (---= nivea). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 438 67 85. Olivella cuneata, Marr. (:_ nivea). Marr., Thes. Couch., f. 383... 67 86. Olivella scurra, Marr. (=± nivea). Marr , Thes. Conch., f. 380 67 87. Olivella myriadina. Marr. (= nivea). Thes. Conch , f. 440 67 88. Olivella miliacea, Marr. (— nivea). Thes. Conch., f. 441 67 89. Olivella nivea, Gmelin 67 90. Olivella myriadina, Duclos. Monog., t. 5, f. 2 68 91,92. Olivella exigua, Mart, (•-- jaspidea, Gmel ). Thes. Conch., f. 399, 401 68 93,94. Olivella piperita, Marr. (^-jaspidea). Thes. Conch., f. 402, 403 68 95, 96. Olivella tehuelchana, Orb. Weinkauff, in Kuster, t. 37, f. 14, t, C, f. 2.... 68 97. Olivella pura, Reeve (= tehuelcbana). Conch. Icon., f. 97 68 98. Olivella alba, Marr. (= floralia, Duel.). Thes. Conch., f. 390 68 Plate 16. 99. 100. Olivella elongata, Marr. ( = floralia). Thes. Conch., f. 386, 387. 68 1. Olivella bullula. Reeve (-— tehuelchana, Orb). Icon., f. 96., 68 2, 3. Olivella floralia, Duclos. Weinkauff, Kiister, t. 36, f. 13, 16 68 4, Olivella lepta, Duclos. Monog., t. 1, f. 8 69 5, 6. Olivella fabula, Marr. (= lepta). Thes. Conch., f. 420, 421 69 7, 8. Olivella lanceolata, Reeve (= lepta). Weinkauff, t. 37, f. 7, 8... 69 9. Olivella pulicaria, Marr. ( lepta). Thes. Conch., f. 464 69 10. Olivella exilis, Marr. ( lepta). Thes. Conch., f. 452 69 11. Olivella fulgurata, Ad. and Reeve (lepta). Marr., Thes Conch., f. 425 69 12. 13. Olivella Fortunei, Ad. Marr., Thes. Conch], f. 422, 423 i>9 14. Olivella pulchra, Marr. (= Fortunei). Thes. Conch., f. 429 69 15. Olivella spreta, Gould (-Fortunei?). E. A. Smith, /ool. Proc., t. 20, f. 55, 1879 69 10, 17. Olivella leucozonias, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 67, a, b 69 18. Olivella undatella, Duclos. Monog., t. 5, f. 5 70 19. Olivella pulla, Marr. (= Anazora). Thes. Conch., f. 411, 69 20. 21. Olivella versicolor, Marr. (= Anazora). Thes. Concb., f. 377, 378. 69 22. Ulivella compta, Marr. ( Anazora). Thes. Conch., f. 432 69 23. Olivella Capensis, Sowb. ( = Anazora?). Thes. Conch., f. 409 O'.i 24. 25. Olivella puelcbana, d'Orb. Weinkauff, t. 36, f. 1, 3 70 26. Olivella gracilis, Brod. and So\vb. Reeve, Icon., f. 46 70 Plate 17. 27. Olivella tenuis, Marrat ( gracilis). Thes. Conch., f. 385 70 28. 29, Olivella btetica, Carp. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 409, 410 71 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 25 T FIGURE. PAGK. 30. Olivella Pedroana, Conr. (— boetica ?). Pac. R. R. Rept., v, t. 6, f.51 71 31. Olivella nota, Marr. (~ bsetica). Thes. Conch., f. 428 71 32. 33. Olivella exquisita, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1871, t. 1, f. 2 71 34. Olivella alectona, Duel. (= beetica). Monog., t. 4, bis, f. 16 71 35-37. Olivella undatella, Lam. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 258, 260, 261. 70 38. Olivella nodulina, Duclos (== undatella). Monog., t. 5, f. 14 70 39. Olivella dama, Mawe. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 369 71 40. Olivella pulchella, Duclos. Monog., t. 5, f. 12 71 41. Olivella Brazieri, Angas (= exquisita). Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 6, 1877. 71 42,43. Olivella triticea, Duclos. Monog., t. 1, f. 5, 6 72 44. Olivella pardalis, Ad. and Angas (= triticea). Zool. Proc., 1863, t. 37, f. 3 72 45. Olivella leucozona, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 37, f. 23, 1863.. 72 46 Olivella nympha, Ad. and Ang. Weinkauff, t. 38, f. 10 72 47. Olivella simplex, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 24 72 48. Olivella nitens, Dunker (— simplex). Thes. Conch., f. 389 72 49. 50. Olivella volutella, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 54, b, c 73 51. Olivella rasamola, Duclos (= volutella). Monog., t. 6, f. 6 73 52. Olivella pellucida, Reeve (_-r--_ lepta). Conch. Icon., f. 85, b 69 Plate 18. 53. Oliva porphyria, Linn. Reeve, Icon., f. 2, a 74 54. Oliva splendidula, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 17, b 74 55-57. Oliva Peruviana, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f 14 ;. 74 58. Oliva Peruviana, Lam. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 62 74 59. Oliva quersolina, Duclos (:-— episcopalis). Monog., t. 10, f. 7 74 60. Oliva episcopalis, var. lugubris. Reeve, Icon., f. 24, a 74 Plate 19. 61. Oliva episcopalis, Lam. Thes. Conch., f. 49 74 62. Oliva atalina, Duclos (= episcopalis). Monog., t. 10, f. 10 74 63. Oliva fulva, Marr. (?'= episcopalis). Weinkauff, t. 33, f. 7 74 64-66. Oliva cruenta, Dillw. (— guttata, Lam.). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 30 74 67. Oliva mantichora, Duel. (-^ guttata, Lam.). Monog., t. 16, f. 8... 74 68-70. Oliva inflata (Chemn.), Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 31 75 Plate 20. 71-74. Oliva inflata (Chemn.), Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 31 75 75, 76. Oliva lacertina, Quoy (—inflata). Voy. Uranie, t. 72, f. 4, 5... 75 77. Oliva tigrina, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 21, a 75 78. Oliva holoserica, Mart. ( ^tigrina). Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 178. 75 79. Oliva rufula, Duclos. Reeve, Icon., f. 50 75 80. Oliva glandiformis, Marr. (= tigrina). Thes. Conch., f. 175 75 81. 82. Oliva elegans, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 20, a, c... 76 83. Oliva flava, Marr. (= elegans). Thes. Conch., f. 156 76 i Plate 21. 84. Oliva infrenata, Marr. (— elegans). Thes. Conch., f. 161 " 76 85. Oliva Hemiltona, Duclos. (= elegans). Tbes. Conch., f. 96 76 86. 87. Oliva tricolor, Lam. (= elegans, var.). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 22, a, b 76 258 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 88. Oliva tringa, Duclos. (= elegans, var. tricolor). Monog., t. 8, f. 6. 76 89. Oliva caloioma, Duclos. Kiister, t. 25, f. 9 76 90. Oliva avellana, Lam. Kiister, t. 23, f. 1 T& 91. Oliva Marias, Duclos ( araneosa, Lam.). Kiister, t. 23, f. 7 77 92. Oliva similis, Marrat ( ~ Lecoquiana). Thes. Conch., f. 206 77 93. Oliva stellata, Duclos (= Lecoquiana, Ducros). Monog., t. 8, f. 12. 77 94. Oliva bulbiformis, Duclos. Marr., The?. Conch., f. 201 77 95. 96. Oliva bulbiformis, Duclos. Reeve, Icon., f. 26, b, c 77 (.»7. Oliva maura, Lam. (_.---- funebralis, Lam.). Reeve, Icon., f. 10, a... 77 98, 99. Oliva leucostoma, Duclos ( funebralis). Thes. Conch., f. 143, 145 77 Plate 22. 100. Oliva inornata, Marr. (—funebralis). Thes. Conch., f. 155 77 J. Oliva propinqua, Marr. (funebralis). Thes. Conch., f. 142 77 2. Oliva lutea (— funebralis). Thes. Conch., f. 445 77 3. Oliva dactyliola, Duel, (funebralis, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 208. 77 4. Oliva picta, Reeve (= funebralis, var. dactyliola). Conch. Icon., f. 79 77 5. Oliva blanda, Marr. (--funebralis, var. dactyliola). Thes. Conch., f.237 77 6. Oliva mustellina, Lam. Marrat, Thes. Concb., f. 273 78 7. Oliva Caroli niana, Duel, (.= mustellina). Kiister, t. 32, f. 8 78 8. Oliva angustata, Marr. (mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 183 78 9. Oliva laevis, Marrat (--mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 331 78 10. Oliva scitula, Marrat . (— mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 77 78 11. Oliva grata, Marrat (= mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 470 78 12. Oliva Pacifica, Marrat (^ mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 151 78 13. Oliva arctata, Marrat (- = mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 230 78 14. Oliva cana, Marrat ( mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 152 78 1"). Oliva Octavia, Duclos (^ neostina). Chenu, t, 28, f. 22 7S 16-20. Oliva neostina, Duclos. Monog., t. 19, f. 11, 13, 12, 15, 16 78 Plate 23. 21-24. Oliva maura, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 10, b, d, e, f 78 25, 26. Oliva maura, Lam. Marr., Thes. Conch , f. 137, liO 78 (Fig. 26 represents 0. Macleaya, Duclos.) 27, 28. Oliva sanguinolenta, Lam. Reeve, Couch. Icon., f. 25, a, b 79 29. Oliva evania, Duclos (= sanguinolenta). Thes. Conch., f. 163 79 Plate 24. 30. Oliva Keeni, Marrat (-- sanguinolenta). Thes. Conch., f. 164 79 31. 32. Oliva irisans, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 8, a, d 79 33. Oliva pintamella, Duel. (•--- sanguinolenta). Chenu, t. 35, f. 8 79 34-36. Oliva irisans, Lam. Kiister, t. 20, f. 1, 7, 8 79 37. Oliva irisan's, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 8, c 79 38. Oliva Philantha, Duclos („ irisans). Duclos., t. 20, f. 6 79 39. Oliva galeola, Duclos (-.-_. irisans). Monog., t. 28, f. 6 79 40. 41. Oliva concinna, Marr. (^irisans, var.). Thes. Conch , f. 100, 101 79 42. Oliva cylindracea, Marr. (. irisans, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 193*.. 79 Plate 25. 43. Oliva clara, Marrat (= irisans, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 200 79 44. Oliva lignaria, Marrat ( irisans, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 196 79 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 259 FIGURE. PAGE. 45. Oliva ornata, Marrat (= irisans, var.) Thes. Conch , f. 103 7£ 46. Oliva tremulina, Lam. (= irisans, var.). Reeve, Icon., f. 6, b 79 47. Oliva tremulina, Lam. (^irisans, var.). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 118. 79 48. Oliva nobilis, Reeve (= irisans, var. tremulina). Conch. Icon., f. 3, b 79 49. Oliva tenebrosa, Marr. (-— irisans, var. tremulina). Thes. Conch., f. 177 79 Plate 26. 50. Oliva fumosa, Marrat (irisans, var. tremulina) Thes. Conch., f. 119 79 51. 52. Oliva Olympiadina, Duclos (-— irisans, var. tremulina). Reeve, Icon., f. 5, c, e 79 53. Oliva erythrostoma, Lam. (= irisans, var.). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 105 79 54. Oliva tremulina, part (~ irisans, var. erythrostoma). Marr., TLes. Conch... f. 116 79 Plate 27. 55. Oliva azemula, Duclos (= irisans, var. erythrostoma). Monog., t. 14, f. 2 79 56. Oliva mazaris, Duclos (^= irisans, var. erythrostoma). Monog., t. 20, f. 8 79 57. 58. Oliva Sylvia, Duclos (=- irisans, var. erythrostoma). Chenu, Conch. 111., t. 14, f. 11, 13 79 59,60. Oliva textilina, Lam. (—irisans, var.). Reeve. Icon., f. 9, a, c.. 79 61. 62. Oliva Melchersi, Menke (— araneosa, Lam.). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 11,10 81 Plate 28. (53. Oliva oblonga, Marr. (= araneosa). Thes. Conch., f. 14 81 64. Oliva pindarina, Duclos (---= araneosa). Monog., t. 16, f. 8 81 65. Oliva subangulata, Phil. (= araneosa). Thes. Conch., f. 3 81 06. Oliva fuscata, Marr. (= araneosa). Thes. Conch., f. 21 81 67. Oliva oriola, Duclos (= araneosa). Monog., t. 10, f. 2 81 68. Oliva harpularia, Lam. (= araneosa). Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 28, b.. 81 69. Oliva intertincta, Carp. (--— araneosa). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 99.. 81 70. Oliva violacea, Marr. (= araneosa). Thes. Conch., f. 56 81 71. Oliva venulata, Lam. (— araneosa, var.). Duel., Monog., t. 16, f. 6. 81 72. Oliva punctata, Marr. (— araneosa, var. venulata). Thes. Conch., f. 12 81 73. Oliva pindarina, Marr. (= araneosa, var. venulata). Thes. Conch., f. 34 81 74. Oliva Julietta), Duclos (= araneosa, var.). Monog., t. 16, f. 4 81 Plate 29. 75. 76. Oliva Timorensis, Duclos (= araneosa, var. Juliette). Monog., t. 17, f. 12, 13 81 77. Oliva Cumingii, Reeve (— araneosa, var. Juliettao). Cpnch. Icon., f. 192 81 78. Oliva Maritc, Ducros (—- araneosa, var. Juliettae). Reeve, t. 2, f. 2t;, .b 81 79. Oliva obesina, Duclos (= araneosa, var. Juliettae). Monog., t. 16, f. 10 , 81 260 INFERENCE TO PLATES. 80. Oliva porcea, Marrat (= araneosa, var. Juliettae). Thes. Conch., f. 35 81 81. Oliva graphica, Marr. (= araneosa, var. Juliettse). Thes. Conch., f. 36 81 82. Oliva truncata, Marr. (== araneosa, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 41 81 83. Oliva polpasta, Duclos (= araneosa, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 43 81 84. Oliva angulata, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 1, a 82 Plate 30. 85. Oliva scripts., Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 27 82 86. Oliva fusiformis, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 11, a 83 87. Oliva onisca, Duclos (= fusiformis). Chenu, t. 32, f. 8 83 88. Oliva Aldinia, Duclos (= fusiformis). Chenu, t. 26, f 7... 83 89. Oliva bullata, Marrat (= fusiformis). Thes. Conch., f. 448 83 90,91. Oliva reticularis, Lam Thes. Conch., f 47, 53 83 92. Oliva ustulata, Lam. (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 25 83 93. Oliva tisiphona, Duclos (= reticularis). Cbenu, t. 17, f. 18 83 94. Oliva memnonia, Duclos (= reticularis). Chenu, t. 17, f. 20 83 95. Oliva Sowerbyi, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes Conch., f. 114 83 Plate 31. 96. Oliva figura, Marrat (— reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 45 83 97. Oliva Bewleyi, Marrat (= reticularis). The?. Conch., f. 44 83 98. Oliva Jamaicensis, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 26 83 99. Oliva hepatica, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 27 83 100. Oliva formosa, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 29 83 1. Oliva nivosa, Marrat (—- reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 276 83 2. Oliva olorinella, Duclos (= reticularis). Monog., t. 6, f. 16 83 3. Oliva brunnea, Marrat (— reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 55 83 4. Oliva oriola, Duclos (— reticularis). Monog., t. 10, f. 2 83 5. Oliva litterata, Lam. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 276 83 6. Oliva circinnata, Marrat (= litterata). Thes. Conch., f. 277 83 7. Oliva multiplicata, Reeve (= litterata). Conch. Ic., f. 52, b 83 8. Oliva Stainforthii, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 40 84 9. Oliva hieroglyphica, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 68 84 Plate 32. 10. Oliva polita, Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 81 84 11. Oliva marmorea, Mart. (= flammulata, Lam.). Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 71 84 12. 13. Oliva jaspidea, Duclos (_— Duclosi, Reeve). Marr., Thes. , Conch., f. 79, 263 85 14. Oliva lentiginosa, Reeve (= Duclosi, Reeve). Conch. Ic., f. 45, a. 85 15. Oliva esodina, Duclos ( Duclosi, Reeve). Chenu, t. 16, f. 20 85 16. Oliva Natalia, Duclos (= Duclosi, Reeve). Chenu, t. 21, f. 18 85 17. Oliva Sandwichensis, Pease (= Duclosi, Reeve). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 82 85 18. Oliva Thomasi, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., ix, t. 6, f. 4, 1861 85 !'.». Oliva Australis, Duclos. Monog., t. 8, f. 4 85 20. Oliva caldania, Duclos (= Australis). Monog., t. 6, f. 4 85 21. Oliva paxillus, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 56, b 85 22. Oliva ozodona, Duclos (= paxillus). Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 94.. 85 23. Oliva nitidula, Duclos. (= paxillus). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 91.. 85 24,25. Oliva panniculata, Duclos. Monog., t. 5, f. 17, 18 86 ^ REFERENCE TO PLATES. 261 FIGURE. PAGE. 26. Oliva aniomina, Duclos. Monog , t. 8, f. 2 86 27. Oliva rufopicta, Weink. (— aniomina). Kiister, t. 23, f. 12 86 28. Oliva Kaleontina, Duclos. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 49 86 29. Oliva pygmaea, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 75 86 Plate 33. 30 Oliva calosoma, Marr. (= Lecoquiana). Thes. Conch 77 31. Oliva nedulina, Duel. (= undatella). Monog., t. 5, f. 14 70 32. Oliva Candida, Lam. (—: ispidula). Thes. Conch., f. 257 86 33. Oliva ispidula, pars, Marrat (= Broderipii, Ducr.). Thes. Conch., f. 240 86 34-39. Oliva ispidula, Linn. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 247, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254 86 40. Oliva flaveola, Duclos (-.- ispidula). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 255... 86 41. Oliva Candida, Lam. (= ispidula). Thes. Conch., f. 257..., 86 42. 29, 28. Oliva tigridella, Duclos (= ispidula). Monogr., t. 8, f. 13, 15, 16 86 43. Oliva egira, Duclos ( ispidula). Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 5, f. 24... 86 44. 27. Oliva sidelia, Duclos. Thes. Conch., f. 231, 232 87 45. Oliva volvaroides, Duclos (•— sidelia). Reeve, Icon., f. 59 87 46. Oliva athenia, Duclos ( sidelia). Monog., t. 26, f. 17 87 47. Oliva mucronata, Marrat (j= sidelia). Thes. Conch., f. 274 87 48. Oliva lepida, Duclos (= sidelia). Marr., Thes. Conch , f. 219 87 49. Oliva todosina, Duclos (= sidelia). Monog , t. 25. f. 10 87 60. Oliva faba, Marrat (-.= sidelia). Thes. Conch., f. 238 87 51. Oliva tigrina, Meuschen (= tessellata, Lam.). Thes. Conch., f. 224. 87 52. Oliva carneola. Gmelin. Reeve, Icon., f. 60, c 87 Plate 34. 53. Oliva ponderosa, Duclos (= irisans, Lam.). Thes. Conch., f. 104. 79 54. Oliva Mauritiana, Mart. ( :.-.- maura, Lam.). Thes. Conch., f. 140... 78 55. Oliva flammulata, Lam. Duclos, Monog., t. 30, f. 4 84 56. Oliva mereatoria, Marr. (— fusiformis, Lam.). Thes. Conch., f. 268. 83 57. Oliva tisiphona, Duel. (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 264 83 58. Oliva biplicata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 48 87 59. Oliva Orbignyi, Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 458 88 60-63. Oliva hiatula, Gmel. Thes. Conch., f. 336-339 88 64. Oliva pallida, Swains. ( = hiatula). Thes. Conch., f. 343 88 (>"). Oliva testacea, Lam. (— hiatula). Thes. Conch., f. 334 88 60. Oliva indusiaca, Reeve (= hiatula). Conch. Icon., f. 43, b 88 67. Oliva hiatula, Gmel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 5, f. 17 88 Plate 35. 68. Oliva Steeriae, Reeve (•_— hiatula). Icon., f. 37 88 69. Oliva Ancillarioides, Reeve (=: hiatula). Weinkauff, Kiister, t. 28, f. 11 88 70. Oliva cincta, Reeve (--.- hiatula). Icon., f. 47, b 88 71. Oliva acuminata, Lam. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 319 88 72-75. Oliva lutaria, Bolt. (= acuminata). Thes. Conch., f. 316-318, 320 88 76. Oliva Barthelemyi, Ducr. (= acuminata). Rev. Grit., f. 58, a 88 77. Oliva modesta, Reeve (-— acuminata). Icon., f. 83, a 88 78. Oliva annotata, Marrat (— acuminata), Thes. Conch , f. 315 88 79. 80. Oliva cauta, Marrat (— acuminata). Thes. Conch , f. 327, 328. 88 262 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 81. Oliva Labuanensis, Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 312 89 82. Oliva ligneola, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 57 89 83. Oliva nebulosa, Lam. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 305 89 84. Oliva intricata, Marr. (= nebulosa). Thes, Conch., f. 345 89 Plate 36. 85-87. Oliva gibbosa, Born. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 301, 303, 307... 90 88. Oliva Braziliana, Lam. Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 13, b 90 89. Oliva Deshayesiana, Ducros. Rev. Grit., t. 3, f. 67, b 90 90. Oliva ovata, Marrat (= Deshayesiana). Thes. Conch., f. 282 90 91. Oliva vesica, Gmel. (== auricularia). Thes. Conch., f. 280 90 92. Oliva claneophila, Duclos (_— auricularia). Monog., t. 29, f. 8 90 93. Oliva aquatilis, Reeve (— auricularia). Conch. Icon., f. 38, b 90 94. Oliva contortuplicata. Reeve (— auricularia). Conch. Icon., f. 51. 90 96, 100. Oliva micans, Sol. (— nana, Lam.). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 294, 295 90 97, Oliva zenospira, Duel. (= nana). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 292 90 98, 99. Oliva millepunctata, Duclos (= nana). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 299, 300 90 26. Oliva nitellina, Duel. (= hiatula). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 347... 88 Plate 37. 1. Monoptygma exigua, Sowb. Reeve, Ancillaria, f. 47 91 2. Ancillaria cinnamomea, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 19, b 93 3. Ancillaria ventricosa, Lam. (= cinnamomea). Weinkauff, Kuster, t. 2, f. 4 93 4. Ancillaria variegata, Sowb. (= cinnamomea). Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 2, f. 8 98 5. Ancillaria fulva, Swains. (= cinnamomea). Kiister t. 3, f. 4 9:] 6. Ancillaria albifasciata, Swains. (= cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 20, b 93 7. Ancillaria albisulcata, Sowb. (== cinnamomea). Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 22, b 93 8. Ancillaria achatina, Kiener (= cinnamomea). Iconog., t. 3, f. 4.. 93 9. Ancillaria striolata, Sowb. (— cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 29 93 10. Ancillaria castanea, Sowb. (= cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 17, a 93 11. Ancillaria ovalis, Sowb. (= cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 40 - » 03 12. Ancillaria Deshayesii, A, Ad. (-- cinnamomea). Reeve, Icon., f. 23. 93 13. Ancillaria crassa, Sowb. (= cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch Icon., f. 34 : » 93 14. Ancillaria sarda, Reeve (-. = cinnamomea). Conch. Icon., f. 33, b.. 93 15. Ancillaria contusa, Reeve (— cinnamomea). Conch. Icon., f. 3, a... 93 16. Ancillaria eburnea, Desh. (= cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 42 1 93 17. Ancillaria Tronsoni, Sowb. (=£ cinnamomea). Reeve, Icon., f. 30, b , 93 Ancillaria acuminata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 21, a 93 T.i. Ancillaria lineolata, A. Ad. ( acuminata). Reeve, Icon., f. 35... 93 '20. Ancillaria oryza, Reeve ( acuminata). Icon., f. 43 93 21. Ancillaria marmorata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 32, a 93 22. Ancillaria fasciata, Reeve ( marmorata). Icon., f. 44, a 93 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 263 FIGURE. PAGE. 23. Ancillaria ampla, Gmelin. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 27, a 94 24. Ancillaria cylindrica, Sowb. ( ampla). Reeve, Icon., f. 40 95 25. Ancillaria rubiginosa, Swains. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 6, 1) 94 Plate 38. 26. Ancillaria mamillata, Hinds (— rubiginqsa), Icon., f. 3, a 94 27. Ancillaria albocalosa, Lischke (•= rubiginosa). Kiister, t. 5, f. 2.. 94 28. Ancillaria AustralSs, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 7, b 94 29. Ancillaria pyramidalis, Reeve ( — Australis). Icon., f. 11, a 94 30. Ancillaria tricolor, Gray (= Australis). Reeve, Icon., f. 48 94 31. Ancillaria mucronata, Sowb. (=z Australis). Reeve, Icon., f. 10, a. 94 32. 33. Ancillaria obtusa, Swn. (— Australis). Reeve, Couch. Icon., f. 6, b. a 94 34. Ancillaria Montrouzieti, Sowb. Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., iv, t. 11, f. 3 94 35. Ancillaria angustata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 45, b 95 30. Ancillaria Bullioides, Reeve. Icon., f. 37, a... 95 37. Ancillaria cingulata, Sowb. Conch. Icon., f. 4, a 95 38. Ancillaria similis, Sowb. (= cingulata). Kiister, Conch. Cabinet, 95 t. 8, f.5 V5 30. Ancillaria Tankervillei, Swn. Reeve, Icon., f. 2, a 95 Plate 39. 40. Ancillaria Vernedi, Sowb. (.--= Tankervillei). Reeve, Icon., f. 1, b. 95 41. Ancillaria Sinensis, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 38, a 95 42. Ancillaria Nova/elandica, Sowb. (r— Sinensis). Reeve, Icon., f. 41. 95 4.",. Ancillaria ino^nata, E. A. Smith ( = Sinensis). Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 50, 1879 95 44. Ancillaria marginata, Lain. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 8, b 9G 4f\ Ancillaria monilifora, Reeve ( marginata). Icon., f. 30, b (.)0 46. Ancillaria lineata, Riener ( marginata). Reeve, Icon., f. 25, b.. 96 47. Ancillaria oblonga, Sowb. ( marginata). Reeve, Icon., f. 24, b... 96 48. Ancillaria obesa, Sowb. (= marginata). Reeve. Icon., f. 28, b 96 49. Ancill.-u-ia elongata, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 13, b 96 50. Ancillaria dimidiata. Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 39, b 96 51. Ancillaria torosa, Meusch. (— Mauritiana, Sowb.). Reeve, Icon., f. 14, a 96 52. Ancillaria scaphella, Sowb. (-- Mauritiana). Reeve, Icon., f. 26, a, 96 •">:>. Ancillaria aperta, Sowb. (= Mauritiana). Reeve, Icon., f. 16, b... 96 54. Ancillaria glabrata, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 51, b 96 f>0, 56. Ancillaria Lienardi, Bern. Reeve, Icon., f. 50, b, c 97 •~)7. Ancillaria balteata, Swains. Reeve, Icon., f. 49 97 Plate 40. 58. Harpa costata, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., iii. t. 231, f. 5 97 59, 60. Harpa ventricosa, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 232, f. 20, 22. 98 61. Harpa ligata, Menke (= conoidalis). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 232, f. 14 98 62. Harpa articular!?, Lam. (— conoidalis). Sowb., Thes Conch., t. 231, f. 9 98 >'-. Harpa nablium, Mart. (— conoidalis). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 232, f. 16 98 264 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 64. Harpa striatula, A. Ad. (= conoidalis). Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 8, 1853 98 65. Harpa Rivoliana, Lesson (— crenata, Swains.). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 232, f. 13 98 66. 67. Harpa rosea, Lam. Sowb., Thes., t. 231, f. 7, 8 99 Plate 41. 68. Harpa nobilis, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 231, f. 2 99 69. Harpa minor, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., i, f. 6, a 99 70. Harpa crassa, Phil. (= minor). Sowb., Thes., x, t, 233, f. 30 99 71. Harpa solidula, A. Ad. (= minor). Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 10, 1853. 99 72. Harpa minor, Lam. Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe, t. 42, f. 5 99 73. Harpa gracilis, Brod. and Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 3, a 99 74. Harpa striata, Lam. Sutor, Jahrbiicher Mai. Gesell., iv, t. 4, f. 3. 99 75. Harpa cancellata, Chemn. (== striata). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 233, f. 26 99 76. Harpa Cabritii, Fischer (= striata). Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., iv, t. 4, f. i : 99 77. Harpa Cabritii, Fischer (= striata). Sutor, Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., iv, t. 4, f. 4 99 78. Harpa virginalis, Gray (— minor). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 233, f.35 99 Plate 42. 2. Amphissa versicolor, Dall. Dentition, Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 13, f. 2 103 3. Columbellina ornata, d'Orb. Cretaceous, France 103 4. Columbellaria corallina, Quenst. U. Jura, Europe 103 5. Columbella Strombiformis, Lam. Thes. Conch., i, t. 36, f. 2 104 (j. Columbella major, Sowb. (— Strombiformis). Rve, Icon., xi, f. 7, b. 104 7, 8. Columbella major, Sowb. (= Strombiformis). Thes. Conch., f. 4, 6 104 9. Columbella gibbosa, Duel. (--Strombiformis). Chenu, 111. Conch , iv, t, 5, f. 6 104 10. Columbella Bridges!, Reeve (-^Strombiformis). Icon., f. 40, a 104 11. Columbella Paytensis, Lesson. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 23, a 104 12. Columbella Paytensis, Lesson. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 36 104 • 1:5. Columbella Paytalida, Duel. (--.- Paytensis). Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 5, f. 11 104 14. Columbella rustica, Sowb. (r Paytensis). Genera, €olumbella, f. 3. 104 15. Columbella castanea, Sowb. Thes. Conch , f. 7 105 16. 17. Columbella fasciata, Sowb. Thes. Conch. , f . 106, 107 105 18. Columbella Javacensis, Gask. ( fasciata). Reeve, Icon., f. 22, b. 105 19. Columbella fuscata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 21 , 105 20. Columbella meleagris, Duel, (— fuscata). Kiener, Icon., t. 3, f. 3.. 105 21. Columbella nodalina, Duel. ( fuscata). Chenu, t. 3, f. 0 105 Plate 43. 22. Columbella labiosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 20, a 106 23. Colnmbella venilia, Duel, (labiosa). Chenu, t. 17, f. 2 106 24. Columbella hajmastoma, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 5, a 106 25. Columbella festiva, Kiener. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 60.... 106 26. Columbella phasinola, Duclos. Reeve, Icon., f. 70 106 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 265 27. Columbella lentiginosa, Hinds ( atramentaria, Sowb.). Voy. Sul- phur, t. 10, f. 21 : 168 28. Columbella mercatoria, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 29 106 29. 30. Columbella mercatoria, Linn. Kiener, Iconog., t. 5, f. 1, 1, b. 106 31. Columbella rudis, Sowb. (= mercatoria). Thes. Conch., f. 33 106 32. Columbella Peleei, Kiener (—mercatoria). Iconog., t 5, f. 2 106 33. Columbella zulmis, Duel. (= mercatoria). Chenu, t. 24, f 22 106 34. 35. Columbella rustica, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 19, 22 107 36, 37. Columbella rustica, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 211, b, c 107 38. 1. Columbella rustica, Linn. Kiener, Iconographie, t. 1, f 3, 3, a. 107 39. Columbella spongiarum, Duel, (^rustica). Chenu, Ill.,t. 3, f. 14. 107 40. Columbella Azorica, Drouet (—rustica). Moll. Scores, t. 1, f. 5... 107 41. Columbella aureola, Duel. (^ rustica). Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 6, f. 18 : 107 42. Columbella tumida, Reeve (-—rustica). Conch. Icon., f. 63, a 107 43. 44. Columbella striata, Duclos (= rustica). Chenu, 111., t. 6, f. 6, 8. 107 45. .Columbella cornea, Kiener (—rustica). Iconog., t. 4, f. 5 107 46. Columbella luteola, Kiener (—rustica). Iconog., t. 4, f. 2 107 47. Columbella fu?tigata, Kiener (—rustica). Iconog., t. 5, f. 3 107 48. Columbella modesta, Kiener (= rustica). Coq. Viv., t. 11, f. 2 107 49. Columbella ambigua, Kiener (= rustica). Coq. Viv., t. 2, f. 3 107 Plate 44. 50. Columbella vestalia, Duel, (—rustica). Chenu, 111., t. 15, f. 16... 107 51. Columbella simpronia, Duel. (= rustica). Chenu, 111., t. 15, f. 20. 107 52. Columbella nucleus, Kiener. ( — rustica). Iconog., t. 3, f. 4 107 53. Columbella rasolia, Duel, (—rufctica). Kiener, Iconog., t. 13, f. 1. 107 54. Columbella reticulata, Lam (= rustica). Reeve, Icon., f. 41, b... 107 55. Columbella xiphitella. Duel. (= rustica). Chenu, t. 9, f. 14 107 56. Columbella xiphitella, Duel, (—rustica). Reeve, Icon., f. 44, b... 107 57. Columbella Dysoni, -Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 92 107 68. Columbella anacteola, Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 5, f. 10 108 59. Columbella pardalina, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 90 108 60. Columbella pardalina, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 75, b 108 61. Columbella vulpecula, Sowb. (= pardalina). Reeve, Icon., f. 80, a. 108 62,63. Columbella quintilia, Duel, (—pardalina). Chenu, t, 19, f. 13, 14 108 61. Columbella fabula, Sowb. (—pardalina). Thes. Conch., f. 87 108 65. Columbella Japonica, Reeve (= pardalina). Icon., f. 45, a 108 66. Columbella /opilla, Duel. (--- pardalina). Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 19, f. 12 108 67,68. Columbella Tyleri, Gray (—pardalina, var.). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 88, 89... 108 69. Columbella sagena, Reeve (= pardalina, var. Tyleri). Icon., f. 162. 108 70. Columbella obscura, Sowb. (r— pardalina, var. Tyleri). Reeve, Icon., f. 35, a 108 71. Columbella palmerina, Duel. (-— pardalina, var. Tyleri). Chenu, III., t. 10, f. 16 108 72. Columbella lactescens, Souverb. (pardalina, var. Tyleri). Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., vi, t. 6, f. 5 108 73. Columbella fabula, Sowb., var. (_-.-_ pardalina, var. Tyleri). Reeve, Icon., f. 167 108 74. Columbella padonosta, Duel. (= pardalina, var. Tyleri). Chenu, • t. 6, f. 4 108 34 266 REFERENCE TO PLATES. Plate 45. FIGURE. PAGE. 75. Columbella anitis, Duel. ( :-. pardalina, var. Tyleri). Chenu, t. 16, f. 16 108 76. Columbella fulgurans, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 50, a 100 77. Columbella punctata, Lam. (= fulgurans, var.), Reeve, Icon., f. 50, c 100 78. Columbella pelotina, Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 2, f. 6 10* 70. Columbella virginea, Duel. (? = C. pelotina). Chenu, t. 2, f. 16... 100 80. Columbella turturina, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 83 100 81. Columbella turturina, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 38 109 82. Columbella Deshayesii, Crosse (— turturina). Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., iii, t. 14, f. 4 100 83. Columbella sulcata, Duclos. Chenu, III. Conch., t. 1, f. 14 100 84. 85. Columbella versicolor, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 41, 45 110 86. Columbella versicolor, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 51, b 110 87. Columbella bidentata, Menke (= versicolor). Sowb., Thes., f. 53... 110 88. Columbella araneosa, Kiener (— versicolor). Icon., t. 0, f. 4 110 80. Columbella coronata, Duclos ( — versicoljr). Chenu, t. 8, f. 18... 110 90, 01. Columbella atladona, Duel, (^versicolor). Chenu, 1. 1, f. 11, 12. 110 02, 03. Columbella tigrina, Duclos (= versicolor). Chenu, t. 1, f. 8, 0. 110 04. Columbella aspersa, Sowb. (~ versicolor). Reeve, Icon., f. 21, b.. 110 95. Columbella nivosa, Reeve (.— versicolor). Conch. Icon., f. 166, b.. 110 96. Columbella pertusa, Reeve (= versicolor). Icon., f. 161, b 110 97. 08. Columbella varians, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 48, 40 110 99. Columbella varians, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 91, b 110 100, 1. Columbella poecila, Sowb. (— varians). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 67, a, b : 110 2 Columbella spectrum, Reeve (= varians). Icon., f. 194 110 Plate 46. 3. Columbella nana, Mich. (_— varians). Kiener, Icon., t. 14, f. 4 110 5. Columbella daliola, Duclos (== varians). Chenu, 111., t. 8, f. 8 110 6. Columbella lysiska, Duclos (==.- varians). Chenu, 111., t. 7, f. 18 110 7. Columbella idulia, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 10, f. 4 Ill 8. Columbella Souverbiei, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 9, 1865... Ill 9. Columbella scalpta, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 235, b .. Ill 10. Columbella Boivini, Kiener. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 100 112 11. Columbella Sowerbyi, Duclos (= Boivini). Chenu, 111., t. 10, f. «>.. 112 12. Columbella decussata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 133 ? 112 13. Columbella chlorostoma, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 210 112 14. Columbella mitrata, Menke. Reeve, Icon,, f. 84, a 112 15. Columbella Duclosiana, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 76, a 112 16. 17. Columbella laevigata, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 53, b, c... 113 18. Columbella alaperdicis, Reeve (= laavigata). Conch. Ic., f. 145 113 19. Columbella concinna, Sowb. (•— Icevigata). Genera, Columbella, f. 8. 113 20. Columbella faleonta, Duclos (r= Isevigata?). Chenu, 111., t. 1. f. 6. 113 21. Columbella helvia, Duclos (= Itcvigata ?). Chenu, 111., t. 1, f. 20.. 113 22. Columbella livescens, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 148 113 23. Columbella nitida, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 167 113 24. 25. Columbella Broderipii, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 178, 170 114 26. Columbella strigata, Reeve (= Broderipii). Icon., f. 154, b 114 27. Columbella floccata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 160 114 28. Columbella Kraussi, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 180 114 29. Columbella cerealis, Menke (= Kraussi). Reeve, Icon., f. 118 114 30. Columbella leucostoma, Qaskoin. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 220, b 114 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 267 FIGURE. PAGE. 31. Columbella baccata, Gaskoin. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 133 114 32. Columbella dicbroa, Sowb Reeve, Icon., f. 136 .....—.. 414 33. Columbella Schrammi, Petit (:= Kraussi). Jour, de Conch., iv, t. 12, f. 3 114 34. Columbella pusilla, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 182 115 Plate 47. 35. Columbella carinata, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, t, 10, f. 16 116 36. Columbella carinata, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 121 116 37. Columbella gausapata, Gould (— carinata). Wilkes' Expl. Exped., 116 f. 337 116 38. Columbella Hindsii, Gask. (— carinata). Reeve, Icon., f. 143, b.. 116 39. Columbella collaris, Reeve (= carinata). Reeve, Icon., f. 164 116 40. Columbella unifasciata, Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 107 116 41. Columbella unicolor, Sowerby (— unifasciata). Reeve, f. 105 116 42. Columbella sordida, Orb. (=uuifasciata). Voy. Amer., t. 77, f. 2. 116 43. Columbella castanea, Gould (= unifasciata). Wilkes' Expl. Exped., f. 339, a 116 44. Columbella electroides, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 72 117 45. Columbella infumata, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., t. 1, f. 3, 1863 117 46. Columbella idalina, Duclos. Monog., t. 9, f. 6 117 47. Columbella gutturosa, Duclos (= idalina). Chenu, 111., t. 9, f. 10.. 117 48. Columbella moleculina, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 9, f. 2 117 49. Columbella denticulata, Duel. (= moleculina). Chenu, 111., t. 9, f. 4. 117 50. Columbella Santa-Barbarensis, Carp. (= Reevei, Carp.). Reeve, Ic., f. 122 118 51. Columbella ionida, Duclos. Monog., t. 7, f. 6 118 52. Columbella irrorata, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 153 118 53. Columbella acicula, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 46, b 118 54. Columbella vexillum, Reeve (= acicula). Conch. Icon., f. 57, a... 118 55. Columbella ligula, Duclos. Monog., t. 11, f. 12-16 119 56. Columbella Indica, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 66 119 57. Columbella impolita, Sowerby. Thes. Conch., f. 127 119 58. Columbella impolita, Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 159 119 59. Columbella vittata, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 192 119 60. Columbella intexta, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 88, a 120 61. Columbella fusillus, Reeve (= intexta, Gask.). Icon., f. 231, b 120 62. Columbella crepusculum, Reeve (— intexta, Gask.). Icon., f. 231, a. 120 63. Columbella achatina, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 126 120 64. Columbella achatina, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 54, a 120 Plate 48. 65. Columbella Lincolnensis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 184, a, b 120 GO. Columbella Menkeana, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 69 120 67. Columbella bella, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 172.. 121 68. Columbella blanda, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f- 103, a 121 69. Columbella adiostina, Duel. (= blanda). Monogr., t. 11, f. 10 121 70. Columbella albina, Kiener. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 97, b 121 71. Columbella albina, Kiener. Kiener, Iconog,, t. 13, f. 4 121 72. Columbella margarita, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 168 121 73. Columbella cribraria, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 112 122 74. Columbella cribraria, Lam. Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 30, f. 21 122 75. Columbella cribraria, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 62 122 77. Columbella parvulum, Dunker (-_-- cribraria). Pbilippi, Abbild., iii, Bucc., t. 2, f. 7 122 208 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 7S. Columbella delicata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 171 122 7'J. Columbella velata, Reeve. Icon., f. 182 123 80. Columbella oblita, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 202 123 81. Columbella flexuosa, Lam. Kiener, Iconog. Bucc., t. 26, f. 106.... 124 82. Columbella flexuosa, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 97 124 84. Columbella emarginata, Reeve. Icon., f. 190 124 H5. Columbella micans, Pease. Specimen 124 86. Columbella Brookei, Reeve. Icon., f. 169, a 125 87. Columbella semiconvexa, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 103.... 125 88. Columbella semiconvexa, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 95, b 125 89. Columbella rosacea, Reeve (— semiconvexa). Icon., f. 183 125 90. Columbella saccharata, Re^ve (— semiconvexa). Conch. Icon., f. 187 125 91. Columbella lutea, Quoy (? = semiconvexa). Voy. Astrol., t. 40, f. 23. 125 92. Columbella polita, Reeve (? = semiconvexa). Icon., f. 221 125 93. Columbell i miltostoma, T. -Woods (= semiconvexa). Specimen.... 125 94. Columbella picta, Reeve. Conch, icon , f. 146, b 125 95. Columbella Ticaonis, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 132 125 96. Columbella dictua, Tenison-Woods. Specimen 125 Plate 49. 97. 98. Columbella Australis, Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 78, b ; 188, b,.... 126 99. Columbella Austrina, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 100 126 100. Columbella annulata, Reeve. Icon., f. 101 126 1. Columbella Buccinoides, Lam. Specimen 127 2. Columbella avena, ileeve. Conch. Icon., f. 158, b 127 3. Columbella tenuis, Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 224...; 127 4. Columbella pulla, Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 106. 127 5. Columbella nux, Reeve (== pulla). Conch., Icon., f. 227 127 6. Columbella badia, Tenison-Woods (= pulla). Specimen 127 7. Columbella Roblini, Tenison-Woods. Specimen 127 8. Columbella Russelli, Brazier. Zool. Proc , t. 83, f. 18, 1874 128 9. Columbella tenebrica, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 204 128 10. Columbella Tenisoni, Tryon (--— minuta, Tenison-Woods). Specimen. 128 11. Columbella interrupta, Angas (•= Angasi, Brazier). Zool. Proc., t, 2, f. 10, 1865 128 12. Columbella zebra, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 79. 129 . 13. Culumbella Pacifica, Gask. (= zebra). Reeve, Icon., f 74 129 14. Columbella miser, Sowb. ( = zebra). Reeve, Icon., f. 68 129 15. Columbella varians, Dunker (== Dunkeri, Tryon). Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 44, 1879 129 16. Columbella Hanleyi, Desh. He Reunion, t. 40, f. 8 129 17. Columbella Burchardi, Dunker. Index Moll. Japon., t. 4, f. 3 129 18. 19. Columbella corniculata, Lam. (= scripta). Reeve, Icon., f. 94, a, b l;JO 20. Columbella Gervillei, Payr. ( scripta). Kiener, Buccinum, t. 13, f.43 130 21. Columbella Crosseana, Recluz (— scripta). Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 7, f. 5 . 130 22. Columbella Marten?!, Lischke. Jap. Meeres Conch., ii, t. 5, f. 1, 2, 4, 6 130 23. Columbella lunata, Say. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 181, b 130 24. Columbella dissimilis, Stimp. (= zonalis, LinsL). Gould, Invert. Mass., f. 628 .. 130 25. Columbella dermestoides, Kiener. Iconog. Buccinum, t. 25, f. 100.. 131 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 269 Plate 50. 5TOURE. PAGE. 26. Colutnbella Duclosiana, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 21, f. 32 .....~m 27, 28. Columbella avara, Duclos. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 1, f. 1, 2 133 29. Columbella turbida, Duclos. Cbenu, Illust., t. 2, f. 2 133 30. Columbella uvania, Duclos. Chenu, Illust,, t, 10, f. 6 133 31. Cotumbella angelia, Duclos. Chenu, Illust., t. 14, f. 20 134 32. Columbella orphia, Duclos. Chenu, Illust., t. 15, f. 2 134 33. Columbella ilaira, Duclos (-_— orphia). Chenu, t. 15, f. 12 134 34. Columbella psilla, Duclos. Chenu, lilustr., t. 15, f. 6 134 35. 30. Columbella philodicia, Duel. (--= psilla, var.). Chenu, Illust., t. 15, f. 17, 18 134 37. Columbella philia, Duel. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 16, f. 4 134 38. Columbella japix, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 22, f. 14 135 39. Columbella aurantiaca, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 15, f. 13... 135 40. Columbella tuberosa, Carp. Specimen 135 41. Columbella variegata, Stearns. (.~ tuberosa, var.). Specimen 135 42. Columbella chrysalloidea, Carp. Specimen....* 135 43. Columbella lactea, Kiener ( = Babbi, Tryon). Reeve, Icon., f. 120. 135 44. 45. Columbella Marquesana, Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 217, a, b 136 40. Columbella tceniata, Ads. and Reeve (= Marquesana). Reeve, Icon., f. 140 136 47. Columbella sublgevis, Montr. ( ^ Marquesana). Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., iv, t, 10, f. 4 136 48. Columbella Azora, Duel. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 12, f. 4 136 Plate 51. 14. Columbella alabastrum, Reeve. Martens, Mobius' Mauritius, t. 20, f. 13 146 49. Columbella Legrandi, Tenison- Woods. Specimen 137 5'\ Columbella Xavieriana, Tenison- Woods. Specimen 137 51. Columbella choava, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 239 b 137 52. Columbella pellucida, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 199 138 f1?. Columbella lineoiata, Pease. Specimen 138 54. Columbella formosa, Gaskoin. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 216 140 55. Columbella nubeculata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 234 140 56. 57. Columbella binammata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 220, a, b 140 58. Columbella Yorkensis, Crosse. Jour, de Conch , t 2, f. 6, 1865... 140 59. Columbella Isabellina, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., vi, t. 7, f. 8. 141 60. 61. Columbella Tayloriaua, Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 225, a, b 141 62. Columbella albomaculata, Angas (— Tayloriana). Zool. Proc., t. 13, f. 5, 1867 141 63. Columbella albuginosa, Keeve. Conch. Icon., f. 223, b..... 141 64. Columbella interrupts, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 228 141 65. Columbella abyssicola, Brazier. Specimen 141 60. Columbella ciucinnata, Martens. Mobius, Mauritius, t. 20, f. 14.. 142 67. Columbella asopis, Duel. Chenu, Illust, t, 14, f. 18 142 68. Columbella minor, Scacchi. Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 27, f. 12 1 42 69. Columbella nympha, Kiener. leonog., t. 10, f. 4 142 70. Columbella articulata, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., iv, t. 10, f. 5 ". 143 71. Columbella Mindoroens s. Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 193, a 143 72. Columbella Dorirc, Issel (= Mindoroensis). Cat. Moll. Miss. Ital. m Persia, t, 1, f. 3 143 210 REFERENCE TO PLATES. Plate 52. FIGURE PAGE. 73. Columbella baculus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 157 148 74. Columbella pungens, Gld. Specimen 143 75. Columbella plutonida, Duclos, Chenu, Illust., t. 16, f. 2 144 76. Columbella Pretrii, Duclos. Chenu, Illust., t. 16, f. 8 144 77. Columbella conspersa, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 99 145 78. Columbella iodostoma, Gask. (= conspersa). Reeve, f. 218, a 145 79. Columbella puella, Sowb. (— conspersa). Reeve, Conch., f. 65 145 80. Columbella puella, Sowb. Specimen 145 81. Columbella contaminata, Gask. (= conspersa). Reeve, Icon., f. 102. 145 82. Columbella Hotessieri, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t 21, f. 38 144 83. Columbella sagitta. Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 180 145 84. Columbella galaxias, Reeve (= sagitta). Conch. Icon., f. 229, b.. 146 85. Columbella Carolina, E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, t. 30, f. 9. 146 86. Columbella sugillata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 189 145 87. Columbella alabastrum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 232, b 146 *8. Columbella fusiformis, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 21, f. 26 147 89. Columbella rorida, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 176 147 90. Columbella Lischkei, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 41, 1879... 147 91. Columbella niveomarginala, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 42, 1879 146 92. Columbella solidula, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 149 147 93. Columbella solidula, Reeve. Specimen 147 94. Columbella hirundo, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 219, a 147 95. Columbella plurisulcata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 233 148 96. Columbella subulata, Duclos. Monogr., t. 9, f. 16 148 Plate 53. 97. Columbella arata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 185 148 98. Columbella ocellata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 237 148 99. Columbella pelagia, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 238 148 100. Columbella monilifera, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 177 149 1. Columbella Mangelioides, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 197 149 2. Columbella fulgida, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 178 149 3. Columbella lactea, Duclos. Chenu, Illust , t. 1, f. 4 149 4. Columbella lactea, Duclos. Kiener, Iconog., t. 15, f. 4 149 •">, 6. Columbella Essingtonensis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 174, a, b... 149 7. Columbella eximia, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 222 150 8. Columbella bicincta, Angas (.- : eximia). Zool.' Proc., t. 1, f. 3, 1871 150 9. 10. Columbella sertulariarum, Orb. Voy. Amer., t. 61, f. 14, 16... 150 11. Columbella elata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 155 150 12. Columbella Cumingii, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 156 151 33. Columbella lumbricus, Reeve (= Cumingii). Conch. Ic., f 186, a.. 151 14. Columbella spicula, Duclos (== Cumingii). Chenu, 111., t. 16, f. 10. 151 15. Columbella clausilia, Duclos ( •-.- Cumingii). Chenu, t. 16, f. 12 151 16. Columbella acus, Reeve ( : Cumingii, var.). Icon., f. 201 151 17. Columbella filosa, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 13, f. 6, 1867 151 18. Columbella attenuata, Angas. Zool. Proc.. t. 1, f. 4, 1871 151 19. 20. Columbella nycteis, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 17, f. 6, 8 151 21. Columbella Belizana, Duclos (= nycteis). Chenu, 111., t. 22, f. 10. 151 Plate 54. 22. Columbella spiratella, Martens. Mobius, Mauritius, t. 20, f. 12... 152 28, 24. Columbella rugosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 32, a, b 152 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 211 25. Columbella bicolor, Kiener ( -.-_- rugosa). Icon., t. 16, f. 4 f~. J_5il_ 26, 27. Columbella sinuata, Sowb. (.— rugosa). /ool. Pro., t. 72, f. 3, 3, a, 1874 152 28. Columbella costellata, Sowb. Thes Conch., f. 147 153 20. Columbella valid*, Reeve (== costellata). Icon., f. 151, b 1">:-J 30. Columbella varicosa, Gask. (= costellata). Reeve, Ic., f. 31, b 153 31. Columbella macrostoma, Anton (= costellata). Reeve, Ic., f. 49, b. 153 32. Columbella fluotuata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 38, a 153 33. Columbella fluctuosa, Duclos (= fluctuate). Chenu, III., t. 13, f. 11.. 153 34. Columbella suturalis, Gray (:-- fluctuate). Griffith's Cuvier. Front- ispiece, f. 6 153 35. Columbella costata, Duclos (= fluctuata). Chenu, 111., t, 12, f. 2.. 153 36. 37. Columbella coronata, Sowb Reeve, Ic., f. 29, a, b 153 38. Columbella varia, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f 14. b 154 39. Columbella scalarina, Sowb. (= varia). Reeve, Ic., f. 11, b 154 40. Columbella veleda, Duel. (= varia). Chenu, 111., t. 7, f. 20 154 41. Columbella ophonia, Duel. (= varia). Chenu, 111., t. 16, f. 6 154 42. Columbella lyrata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 149 154 43. Columbella fulva, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 55, b 154 44. Columbella Terpsichore, Sowb. Thes Conch., f. 99 154 45. Columbella lineolata, Kiener ( i Terpsichore). Icon., t. 13, f. 3... 155 46. Columbella Californica. Reeve ( : Terpsichore). Icon., f. 165 155 47. Columbella Adelinic, Tryon. Specimen 155 48. Columbella Yoldina, Duclos. Checu, 111., t, 8, f. 10 153 Plate 55. 49, 50. Columbella suffusa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 89, 170, 1878 155 51. Columbella tuberculata, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 173 156 52. Columbella rugulosa, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 131 156 53. Columbella rugulosa, Sowb. Reeve, Ic., f. 71 156 54. Columbella cavea, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 203 156 55. Columbella multivoluta. Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 163 166 56. Columbella fenestrata, Rve. (-••- Adamsi, Tryon). Conch. Ic., f. 175. 156 57. 58. Columbella strenella, Duclos: Chenu, 111., t. 8, f. 2, 3 157 59. Columbella porcata. Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 195, b 157 60. Columbella jaspidea, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Ic.. f. 90 157 61. Columbella Va'lga, Gould. Wilkes' Exped., f. 338, b 158 62. Columbella filamentosa. Dunker. Specimen 157 63. Columbella pulchella, Kiener. Ic Buccinum, t. 18, f. 68 157 64. 65. Columbella pulchella, Sowb. ( elegantula, Morch). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 86, 87, a 158 66. Columbella acuta, Stearns. Specimen 158 67. Columbella avara, Say. Reeve, Icon., f. 73 159 68. Columbella Lafresnayi (-.- avara). Fischer and Bern , Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., i. t, 12, f. 4 159 69. Columbella similis, Rav. (= avar;i). Am. Mar. Conch., t. 8, f. 64.. 159 70. Columbella semiplicata, Stearns (= avara). Proc. Phila. Acad., 1873, f. 1 159 71. Columbella semiplicata, Stearns (-- avara). Specimen 159 72. 73. Columbella phylina, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 15, f. 9, 10 159 74. Columbella cleta. Duel. Chenu, 111., t. 15, f. 14 160 75. Columbella menaletta, Duel. Chenu, 111 , t. 15, f. 4 160 272 REFERENCE TO PLATES. Plate 56. FIGURE. PAGE. 76. Columbella plicaria, Montr. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., ii, t. 9, f. 8... 160 77. Columbella costulata, Cantr. (C. Haliaeeti). Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., v, t. 88, f. 3 .................. . .................................................. 160 78. Columbella rosacea, Gould. Invert. Mass., f. 627 ....................... 160 70. Columbella costulata, Cantraine. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 16, f. 1 ...... 160 80. Columbella teophauia, Duel. Chenu, 111., t. 20, f. 2 .................... 164 81. Columbella Bucholzi, von Martens. Conch. Mittheil., t. 23, f. 8... 16t 82. Columbella diaphana, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 58, f. 2.. 160 83. Columbella sagra, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 21, f. 29 ..................... 164 84. Columbella Kieneria, Duclos (1 = sagra). Chenu, 111., t. 25, f. 20.. 164 Columbella electona, Duel. Chenu, 111., t. 9, f. 12 ..................... 164 Columbella encaustica, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 56, b ..................... 164 Columbella St. Pairaina, Caillet. Jour, de Coneh., 3 ser., iv, t. 11, f. 4 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. Columbella crassilabris, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 177, b ............... 166 91, 92. Columbella pygmasa, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon , f. 128, 129.. 166 165 Columbella lachryma, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 125 ............ 165 Columbella troglodytes, Souv. Jour, de Conch , 3 ser., vi, t. 6, f. 4. 165 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. Columbella atomella, Duclos. Monog., t, 11, f. 6 ........................ Columbella gracilis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch , iv, t. 11, f. 20 ...... Columbella ornata, Pease (-= Garretti, Tryon). Am. Jour. Conch., iv, t. 11, f. 19 ................................................................... Columbella venusta, Reeve (= taeniata, Phil.). Icon., f. 130 ......... Columbella kirostra, Duclos. Cheun, Illust., t. 11, f. 2 ............... Columbella atramentaria, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 124 .................. 100. Columbella Digglesi, Brazier. Zool. Proc., t. 83, f. 18, 1874 ......... 170 Plate 57. 1. Columbella pariolida, Duclos (— atramentaria). Chenu, Illust., t. 6, f. 2 168 2. Columbella nigricans, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 172 168 3. Columbella parva, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 113 168 4. Columbella parva, Reeve Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 170 168 5. Columbella pamila, Duel. (— parva). Chenu, Illust., t. 22, f. 12... 168 6. Columbella spadicea, Phil. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 123 168 7. Columbella obesa, C. B. Ad. Specimen 169 8. Columbella cancellata, Gask. (—obesa). Reeve, Icon., f. 126 169 9. Columbella dicipiens, Ads. (-- obesa). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 111. 169 10. Columbella atomella, Reeve ( .-.-. atrata). Conch. Icon., f. 108 169 11. Columbella menalida, Duel. ( atrata). Chenu, Illust., t. 19, f. 8. 169 12. Columbella pumila, Souv. (= atrata). Jour, de Couch , t. 12, f. 4, 1863 169 13. Columbella levania, Duel. (? = atrata). Chenu, Illust., t. 22, f. 8. 169 14-17. Columbella ida, Duel. (i-— atrata). Chenu, Illust., t. 14, f. 2, 8, 10, 12 169 18. Columbella nisitella, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 7, f. 10 170 19. Columbella ostreicola, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 10, 1882... 109 20. Columbella obesa, C. B. Ad. Specimen 169 21. Columbella Gowllandi, Brazier, /ool. Proc., t. 83, f. 15, 1874 170 22. Columbella lentiginosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 240 170 23. Columbella Smithii, Angas (== lentiginosa). Zool. Proc., t, 26, f. 7, 1877 171 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 2Y3 FIGURE. PAGE. 24. Columbella speciosa, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 3, 1877 .-174 25. Columbella balteata, Nevill (= Nevilli, Tryon). Jour. Asiatic Soc., t. 8, f. 4, 1875 173 26. Columbella isomella, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 9, f. 8 173 27. Columbella linigera, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 17, f. 14 174 28. Columbella oxyllia, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 17, f. 10 174 Plate 58. 29. Columbella cledonida, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 17, f. 18 174 30. Columbella rumilia, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 17, f. 16 174 31. Columbella acleonta, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 11, f. 4 174 32. Columbella prosymnia, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 26, f. 8 174 33. Columbella anaidea, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t, 26, f. 4 174 34. Columbella ortigia, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 22, f. 2 175 35. Columbella neptunia, Duel. Chenu, Illust,, t. 26, f. 20 175 36. Columbella ortonia, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 26, f. 14 175 37. Columbella segesta, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t, 26, f. 6 175 38. Columbella testina, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 7, f. 12 , 175 39. Columbella striatula, Dunker. (Specimen 176 40. Columbella sulcosa, teowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 132 176 41. Columbella moesta, Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 131 176 42. Columbella Guatemalensis, Reeve. Icon., f. 198, b 177 43. Columbella tessellata, C. B. Ad. (— Guatemalensis) Reeve, Icon., f 134 177 44. Columbella diminuta, C. B. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 115 177 45. Columbella pulchrior, C. B. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 116 177 46. Columbella penicillata, Carp. Specimen 177 47. Columbella subturrita, Carp. Specimen 178 48. Columbella filosa, Stearns (= Stearnsi, Tryon). Proc. Philad. Acad., f. 3, 1873 179 49. 50. Columbella Guildingii, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 175, 176 179 51. Columbella catenata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 119, b 179 52. Columbella mitrula, Dunker (= catenata). Phil., Abbild. iii, Bucc., t. 2, f. 9 180 53. Columbella Antillarum. Reeve (= catenata). Icon., f. 196 180 54. Columbella scutulata, Reeve (=catena'a). Conch. Icon., f. 191, b. 180 55. Columbella sparsa, Reeve (catenata). Icon., f. 200, a 180 56. Columbella fusiformis, Pease (= Paumotensis, Tryon). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 2 180 Plate 59. 57. Columbella ovulata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 209, b 181 58. Columbella ovuloides, C. B. Ad. (= ovulata). Reeve, Icon. Meta, t. 1, f. 2, a 181 69, 60. Columbella obtusa, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 63; Conch. Icon., f. 85, b 181 61. Columbella marmorata, Gray. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 72 181 62. Columbella marmorata, Gray. Beechey's Voy., t. 36, f. 11 181 63. Columbella dormitor, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 173 181 64. Columbella egeria, Duel. Chenu, Illust.. t. 4, f. 20 181 65. Columbella tringa, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 24, b 181 66 Columbella undata, Duclos (= tringa). Chenu, Illust., t. 4, f. 4... 181 35 274 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 67, 68. Columbella flava, Brug. Reeve, Icon., f. 27, a, b 182 69. Columbella punctata, fcowb. (== flava). Genera of Shells, f. 5 182 70. Columbella lugubris, Kiener (== flava). Kiener, Iconopr., t. 8, f. 2. 182 71; Columbella funiculata, Souverb. (== flava). Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 8, 1865 182 72. Columbella rubicundula, Quoy (= flava). Voy. Astrol., t 40, f '26. 182 73. Columbella discors, Gmel. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 208, a 182 74. Columbella semipunctata, Lam. (= discors). Kiener, Iconog., t. 8, f. 1 182 75. 76. Columbella splendidula, Sovyb. (= discors). Reeve, Icon., f. 25, a, b 182 77. Columbella zelina, Duclos (= discors). Chenu, Illust., t. 4, f. 6... 182 78. Columbella eustoma, Jouss. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, t. 5, f. 3 182 79. Columbella Philippinarum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 207, b.. 183 80. 81. Columbella epamella, Duclos (= Philippinarum). Chenu, Illust., t. 5, f. 2, 20 183 82. Columbella coniformis, Sowb. (= Philippinarum, var.). Reeve, Icon. Meta, f. 4, b 183 Plate 60. 83. Columbella cedo-nulli, Reeve (= Philippinarum, var.). Icon. Meta, f. 3, b 183 84. Columbella Dupontioe, Kiener (— Philippinarum, var.). Reeve, Meta, f. 8, c 183 85. Columbella macrostoma, Anton (= Philippinarum, var.). Reeve, Meta, f. 1 183 86. Columbella dubia, Sowb. (— Philippinarum, var.). Reeve, Meta, f. 5. 183 87. Columbella dubia, Sowb. (= Philippinarum, var.) Thes. Conch., f. 75 183 88. Columbella bicanalifera, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 64, b 183 89. Columbella clavulus, Sowb. Reeve, Icon. Pleurotoma, vol. i, f. 106.. 184 90. Columbella gibberula, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 61, b 184 91. Columbella dorsata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 15, a 185 92. Columbella pavoniua, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 26, b 185 93. Columbella Haneti, Petit (=pavonina). Jour, de Conch., i, t. 3, f. 4. 185 94. Columbella nivea, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 82 185 95. Columbella Bourjotiana, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 2ser., iii, t. 14, f.6 185 96. Columbella pulcherrima, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 10, a 185 97. Columbella maculosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f 19, b 186 98. Columbella elegans, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 4, b 186 99. Columbella turrita, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 2, b 186 100. Columbella turrita, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 138 186 1. Columbella angularis, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 1, a 186 2. Columbella subulata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 212, b .' 186 3. . Columbella recurva, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 18, a 187 4. Columbella lanceolata, Sowb. (= recurva). Reeve, Icon., f. 3, a, c.. 187 6. Columbella pumilio, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 147 187 Plate 61. 7. Columbella fusiformis, Hinds (— recurva). Reeve, Icon., f. 17, a.. 187 8. Columbella Terquemi, Jouss, Bull. Soc. Zool., i, t. 5, f. 1 187 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 275 9. Alcira elegans, H.Adams. Specimen... .............................. ...— 1S8 10. Engina nodulosa, Pease. Specimen ......................................... 189 11. Engina carbonaria, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Ricinula, f. 22 ............ 189 12. Engina forticostata, Reeve (~- carbonaria). Reeve, Ricinula, f. 29 189 13. Engina crocostoma, Reeve (= carbonaria). Icon. Ricinula, f. 40.. 189 14. Engina astricta, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Ricinula, f. 30 ................. 189 15. Engina leucozia, Duclos (= astricta). Chenu, 111., t. 22, f. 6 ........ 189 16. 17. Engina alveolata, Kiener. Icon. Purpura, t. 9, f. 23 .............. 189 18. Engina lauta. Reeve (== alveolata). Icon. Ricinula, f. 24 ............ 189 19. Engina histrio, Reeve (--= alveolata). Icon. Ricinula, f. 36 ........ 189 20. Engina trifasciata, Reeve (== alveolata). Icon. Ricinula, f. 41 ...... 189 21. Engina zepa, Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t, 19, f. 10 .................. 189 22. Engina iodosia, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 22, f. 16 ........................ 190 23. Engina telea. Duclos. Chenu, 111., t, 25, f. 14 ........................... 190 24. Engina anakisia, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 26, f. 18 ....................... 190 25. Engina epidelia, Duel. Chenu, 111., t. 25, f. 18 .......................... 190 26. Engina monilifera, Pease. Martens, Don. Bism., t. 1, f. 15 ......... 190 27. Engina satorida, Duel. Chenu, 111., t. 26, f. 2 ........................... 191 Plate 62. 28. Engina numicia, Duel. Chenu, 111., t. 26, f. 10 .......................... 191 29. Enoina alveolata, Reeve (= Reevei, Trjon). Icon. Ricinula, f. 23. 191 30. Engina bella, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Ricinula, f. 15 ..................... 191 31. Engina recurva, Reeve (= bella). Icon. Ricinula, f. 53 .............. 191 32. Engina fragaria, Wood (= bella). Index Test. Sup., t. 3, f. 27 ..... 191 33. Engina pulchra, Reeve. Icon. Buccinum, f. 80 .......................... 191 34. Engina rosea, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 46 .............................. 192 35. Engina Schrammi, Crosse (= rosea). Jour, de Conch., xi, t. 1, f. 7. 192 36. Engina rutila, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 49 ....................... . ...... 192 37. Engina deformis, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 44 ........................... 192 38. Engina turbinella, Kiener. Icon. Purpura, t. 9, f. 25 .................. 192 39. Engina turbinella, Kiener. Reeve, Icon. Ricinula, f. 42 .............. 192 40. Engina farinosa, Gould. Wilkes' Exped.. f. 328 ......................... 192 41. Engina contracta, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 32 .......................... 193 42. Engina acuminata, Reeve (— contracta). Ricinula, f. 52 ............ 193 4:!. Engina eximia, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 45 .............................. 193 44. Engina fusiformis, Pease. Specimen ....................................... 193 45. Engina oselmonta, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t, 7, f. 14 ...... ............. 19'> 46. Engina aurantia, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 7, f. 16 ....................... 193 47. Engina gibbosa, Qarrett. Specimen ......................................... 193 48. Engina ovata, Pease (= funiculata). Am. Jour. Conch., in, t. 23, f. 0 ..................................................................... ! ...... ..... 194 49. Engina funiculata, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 16 ........................ 194 50. Engina lineata, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 51 ............................. 194 51. Engina maculata, Pease (= lineata, var.). Am. Jour. Conch., xv, t. 8, f. 12 .......................................... . .............................. 194 Plate 63. 52. Engina zonata, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 33 ............................. 194 53. Engina zonata, Reeve. Specimen ............................................ 194 54. Engina concinna, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 35 ............. , ............ 194 •I"). Engina parva, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch. ,-iii, t. 23, f. 11 .............. 195 56. Engina nodicostata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 8 ........ 195 2t6 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 57. Engina variabilis, Pease (= nodicostata). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 9 '.. 195 58. Engina striata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 10 195 59. Engina armillata, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 47 194 60. Engina tuberculosa, Pease. Specimen 195 61. Engina xantholenca, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 9, 1882 196 62. Engina mendicaria, Linn. Reeve, Ricinula, f. 8 196 63. Columbellina harpEeformis, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 10 196 64. Columbellina uncinata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 13 196 65. Columbellina cithara, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Columb., f. 230, a 196 66. Amphissa corrugata, Reeve. Icon. Buccinum, f. 110.. 197 67. Amphissa versicolor, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 16, f. 10,.... 197 68. Columbella millepunctata, Carpenter. Specimen 115 r.'.i, 70. Columbellaria corallina, Quenst. Sitzb. Wien, xlii, 278, f. 1... 103 71. Columbella gibberula, Sowb. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 9, f. 10 184 72. Columbella semipunctata, Lam. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 9, f. 6 182 73. Engina mendicaria, Linn. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 8, f. 4 196 OLIVTDJ3. PLATE 1 MARGIN ELLIOT- COLUMBELLID^R. PLATE 2 11 10 17 12 13 16 18 20 19 15 MARGINELLHM3. OLIVID^J. PLATE 3 31 MARGINELLID.E. PLATE 4 32 37 41 33 34 38 39 56 42 43 46 47 48 35 44 51 40 52 53 54 55 50 cv\\ MARGINELLIDJS. PLATE 5 80 MARUINELLID.E. PLATE 6 98 100 MARGINELLHUS. PLATE 7 13 18 24 30 31 32 29 <^ 34 MARGINELLIDJE.. PLATE 8 58 57 61 59 MAEGINELLID.E. PLATE 9 79 77 81 MARGINELL1D.E. PLATE 10 84 85 86 88. 89 90 12 MARGINELLID^B PLATE 11 49- 47 MARGINKLLIIXE. PLATE 12 93 94 ;5 •q.1£ MARGIN KLUDGE PLATE 13 12 13 14 16 37 39 24 OLIVID^E. PLATE 14 OLIYIPJK. PLATE 15 90 89 OLIVID.E. PLATE 16 99 I 100. 12 14 13 20 24 OLIVID^E. PLATE 17 52 OMVLD/E. PLATE 18 OL1V11XE. PLATE 19 70 V \ \» ' OLIVIDJE. PLATE 20 74 77 OLIVIDJB. PLATE 21 OLIVID^E. PLATE 22. OLIVIDJ3. PLATE 23 27 28 OLIVID.E. PLATE 24 •• PLATE 25 48 47. ^ v' OLIVIDJB. PLATE 26 OLIVID.K PL ATP: 27 OLIVIDJE, PLATE 28 71 74 OLIVID.E. PLATE 29 : OLTVID.E. PLATE 30 85. OLIVIPJ3. PL ATM 31 O LI VI I) PLATE 32 26 28. 27 25 -IP QLIVID.E. I'LATB 3B. 33 40 42 46 44 OLIVIDJE. PLATE 34. OLIYID.E. PLATE 35. OLJVrD-E. PLATE 36. PLATE 37. 19 20 25 ANCILLAKIINJ2. PLATE 38. 36 29 ANCILLAKIIN^E. PLATE 39. HARPIDJ3. PLATE 40. 64 HARPTD./E. PLATE 41 COLUMBKLLJiXE. PLATE 42. 15 18 11) 20 COLUMBKLLID^l PLATE COLUMBELLIDvK. PLATE 44. COLUMBKLLIDJS. PLATE 45. 89 ]00 COLUM BELLI D.E. PLATE 46 12 18 14 81 «2 UNIVERSITY eOLUMBKLLIDJE. PLATE 47. y* COLUM13K LLID.E. "PLATE 48 COLUMBELLID^S. PLATE 49 97 9g 99 100 16 17 18 PLATK 50. COLUMBKLLIDJS. PLATK 51 14 51 62 68 57 49 50 54 56 64 55 59 60 61 58 67 65 66 72 70 71 69 COLCJMBELLID^B. PLATE 52. 73 74 89 COLUMBELLID^. PLATE 53 10 17 99 100 OOLUMBKLLID.E. PLATK o4. 22 25 26 27 43 28 31 44 47 COLUMBIA LLilKE. PLATE 55. 49 55 50 59 54 60 58 64 65 66 67 68 69 72 70 71 PLATE 56. 97 100 COLUMBELLIDuB. PLATE 57, •23 OOLTJMBELLID.E. PLATE 58. COfcUMBELLIDJS. PLATE 59. 57 .58 59 60 61 64. 65 67 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 79 80 78' 81 82 l\cP ^ 0* V COLUMBELLID.E. PLATE 60 V COLUMBELLIDyE. PLATE 61. COLUMBELLID^E. PLATE 62. 32 34 35 30 f 31 36 37 47 50 49 48 COLUMBELLLlhE. PLATE 63. 5S 62 66 70 71 14 DAY USE "O"> si U.C.BERKELEY LIBRARIES y m --^w '-••• ^.! &* -%, fe