LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS SECOND SEEIES: PULMONATA. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMITIC. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SPECIES. FOUNDED BY GEORGE ¥. TRYON, JR. CONTINUED BY HENKT A. PILSBRT, Sc. D., CONSERVATOR OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. UROCOPTID^E. PHILADELPHIA : Published by the Conehologieal Section, ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 1903. LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS A key to the genera and subordinate groups of Urocoptida, with a general discussion of the affinities and distribution of the family, will form the Introduction to Vol. XVI, the first two parts of which will contain monographs of the remaining genera, and an Index. I am deeply indebted to Mr. JOHN B. HENDERSON, Jr., of Washington, D. C., for the use of his very large series of Jamaican and Haitian Urocoptida, and to Mr. P. W. JARVIS, of Kingston, Jamaica, who supplied me with many specimens and valuable notes, and with maps showing the distribution of Jamaican species. Messrs. SOWERBY and FULTON also have courteously supplied information upon particular species de- scribed by the former; and for still further information and specimens I have to thank my friends Dr. WM. H. DALL, of the National Museum, and Mr. GEO. H. CLAPP, of Pittsburg. (v) CONTENTS. Family UROCOPTIDJE Pilsbry & Vanatta. (Eucalodinoe. Mexico and Central America.) Genus EUCALODIUM Crosse & Fischer 1 Genus ANISOSPIEA Strebel 1, 298 Genus CCELOCENTRUM Crosse & Fischer 30 Genus BERENDTIA Crosse & Fischer 57 Genus EPIROBIA Strebel & Pfeffer 59 Genus HOLOSPIRA von Martens , 66, 300 Genus ARCHEGOCOPTIS Pilsbry (Haiti) 301 (Urocoptince. Greater Antilles, S. Florida.) .... 105 Genus UROCOPTIS Beck 106 Jamaican species 114-147 Haitian species 147-161 ; 163 East and Central Cuban species. 162; 164-174; 186-188 ;261-267 West Cuban species 175-282 Floridian species 177, . 178 Genus SPIROSTEMMA Pilsbry & Vanatta (Jamaica) . . 284-297 Explanation of plates 305 Dates of issue of the parts of Vol. XV 323 (vii) ERRATA. The reference to plate 63, on pages 110, 9th line from bot- tom; p. Ill, 16th line from bottom; p. 201, 10th line from bottom, should read PLATE 43. In place of the upper line on p. 143, read : Section Bactrocoptis Pilsbry, 1902. Pilsbry, Man. Conch, xv, pt. 58, p. 112, for U. rosea mon- tana. Reference to Map no. 2, on pp. 114 et seq., should read Map no. 1. On p. 205, fig. 25 should be deleted from the line under head of U. NOTATA. On pp. 211, 232, reference should be made to the dentition of U. garciana, figured on pi. 43, f . 2 ; and on pp. 268, 270, to that of U. gracillima, figured on pi. 50, f. 11. In this species the radula is specialized less than in those mentioned on p. 268, (viii) EUC ALODIUM. 1 Genus EUCALODIUM Crosse & Fischer, 1868. Urocoptis, section a, conico-turritas, ALBERS, Die Heliceen edit. 2, p. 36 (I860).— Eucalodium CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conch, xvi, 1868, p. 88; Miss. Scientif. Mex., Moll. i. pp. 353-362. — STREBEL & PFEFFER, Beitrag Mex. Land-und Siiss- wasser-Conchylien, iv, p. 62.— von MARTENS, Biologia Cen- trali- Americana, Moll., p. 254. Shell cylindric or cylindric-tapering, the upper whorls al- ways lost in adults, the hole closed by a somewhat convex partition, 7 to 14 whorls usually remaining ; imperf orate, the axis either straight or one-plaited, and solid or perforated by a mere chink. ' * Size comparatively large, between 84 and 32 mm. in length and 21 and 10 mm. in diameter." Surface cov- ered with a thin cuticle, rib-striate or costulate. The last whorl becomes very shortly free in front. Aperture ovate, more or less angular above, the peristome free, thickened and narrowly reflexed. The foot is rather short, the peduncle uniting it to the vis- ceral mass comparatively long. There are two accessory neck- lobes. The kidney slightly exceeds the pericardium in length, and is wide at the base; the secondary ureter is apparently closed (pi. 49, fig. 17, E. Uandianum, x 2; after Strebel). The genital system (pi. 49, fig. 10, E. ghiesbregkti after Fischer; fig. 11, 12, 14, E. Uandianum after Strebel) is sim- ple. The penis is rather swollen, with longitudinally plicate internal wall (fig. 14) and a perforate septum at the apex, where the retractor and epiphallus are inserted. The long epiphallus is internally plicate below, but above the walls bear pyramidal warts (fig. 12). The retractor muscle of the penis is inserted in the lung floor. There is a moderately long vagina, and the globose spermatheca has a duct about as long as the uterus. The free retractor muscles (pi. 49, fig. 16, E. Uandianum after Strebel, diagrammatic,) are inserted high in the shell. The columellar muscle has the usual distal insertion in the posterior integument of the mantle, and gives off the other bands in the following order: 1, the pharyngeal retractor; 2, the retractor of the left side ; 3, the right retractor. Each A EUCALODIUM. tentacular band gives off a branch anteriorly, uniting in a plate over the buccal mass; from this plate the ocular retrac- tors arise (pi. 49, fig. 13). The jaw (pi. 50, fig. 1, E. Uandianum, after Strebel) is of the usual arcuate shape, always has a slight median projection below, and is made up of many narrow vertical plates. The radula in E. ghiesbreghti is wide, with the formula 65,1,65 x 110; the transverse rows being nearly straight. In all the other species examined it is narrower, with compara- tively few teeth: 36,1,36 x 130 in E. Uandianum (Fischer), 34,1,34 x 130 (Strebel for the same species) ; 24,1,24 in mexi- tanum; 31,1,31 in E. edwardsianum, 26,1,26 in E. martensi (Strebel). The teeth are similar in all, being of the type common to most ground-living Helicida. The rhachidian tooth is tricuspid, the mesocone conic, a little over-reaching the posterior border of the basal-plate. The lateral teeth are similar except for the suppression of the entocones. Margin- als also biscupid, the ectocone sometimes split (pi. 50, fig. 2, 3, E. blandianum, after Fischer). The intestinal tract (pi. 49, fig. 15. E. ghiesbreghti after Fischer) should be refigured with the parts in their natural positions, in order to compare with other genera. The sali- vary glands are large and united. The fore-gut is very long, as in other genera of this family. The stomach is thin- walled. " Geographically limited to the southern half of Mexico and the northern half of Guatemala." They live on the ground under dead leaves, chiefly in moist woods, and in dry seasons bury themselves in the earth. The most striking single character of Eucalodium is per- haps the union of the ocular retractor muscles in a plate lying over the gullet. The rest of the soft anatomy, so far as known, does not differ remarkably from that of allied genera, Subgenera. EUCALODIUM s. str. : Axis carrying a strong, compressed, spiral lamella, median in each whorL OLIGOSTYLUS: Axis simple and straight, or slightly curved spirally. EUC ALODIUM. 3 Subgenus EUCALODIUM s. str. In this group the internal pillar is flattened and strongly twisted to form a spirally ascending plate or lamella (pi. 5, f. 20; pi. 7, f. 2, 12). The columella is more or less abruptly truncate obliquely at the base, as seen in an oblique view. Usually a careful inspection of that portion of the axis exposed by the truncation of the summit will show the form of the pillar (see pi. 8, fig. 17) ; but it is better to expose it by cut- ting a hole in the shell. Only three or four species of the re- stricted subgenus are known. In all of them the cuticle is thin and generally lost in adult shells. I. Solid, strong-shelled species. 1. Very large, length 70 to over 80 mm., with sculpture of coarse, low, waved wrinkles; pale brown or dark red-brown. E. decollatum,, and var. ghiesbreghti. 2. Smaller, length 52 mm., with close, low rib-strias; white. E. compactum. II. Rather thin, weakly wrinkle-striate, flesh-colored or fleshy-brown; length 32-55 mm. E. mexicanum. E. DECOLLATUM (Nyst) . PL 4, fig. 9 (type figure) ; pi. 1, fig. 1. Shell thick, pale ashen, turreted-cylindric, the apex trun- cate, base subumbilicate ; whorls a little convex, striate ; aper- ture suborbicular ; columella one-folded; lip reflexed. It is cylindrical, turriculate, the shell though thick is sub- diaphanous. The spire is formed of 10 narrowT, slightly con- vex whorls, covered with longitudinal, slightly oblique stride, more pronounced near the sutures, which are simple and not deep. The summit of the spire is truncate, as in Bulimus decollatus. The last whorl is very short, convex beneath, and pierced by an umbilical chink which is not deep and is wholly closed. The aperture is large, orbicular, detached from the rest of the shell, and is a little oblique to the axis. Columella provided with a fold in the middle, comparable with that of the Clausilias. The color of the shell is ashen-brown. The apertural side of the shell is much worn. Length 75, diam. 20 mm.' State of Tabasco, southeastern Mexico. (Ghiesbreght.) EUC ALODIUM. Pupa decollata NYST, Bull de 1'Acad. Roy. des .Sci. et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, viii, 1841, p. 344, upper fig. of plate.— Not Eucalodium decollatum Nyst, CROSSE & FISCH., Moll. Mex. p. 363, pi. 14, f. 3, 3a, Cylindrella decollata PFR., Monogr. viii. p. 427.— v. MART., Biol., p. 260. I have copied Nyst's figure and the substance of his descrip- tion. These indicate a species much like E. ghiesbreghti. I am wholly disposed to consider that the long-lost species of Nyst was based upon a pale and weather-bleached specimen of that well-known species. The strong fold of the columella, shown in Nyst's figure, shows that decollata was a member of the typical section of Eucalodium, having a cork-screw shaped axis ; and the number of whorls, solidity, size, etc., indicate the correctness of my conclusion. I have figured (pi. 1, fig. 1) a shell agreeing with ghiesbreghti in everything but color. It is very pale brown or isabella-tinted, with slightly over 9 whorls, and measuring, length 70, diam. 2Qy2 mm. This shell seems to me to practically fulfill the requirements of Nyst's description. Crosse and Fischer have identified as decollata a much smaller shell, length 60, diam. 16% mm. (pi. 4, fig. 8), from Yera Paz, in northern Guatemala, collected by Morelet. Al- though their result was worked out with great care, it seems to me erroneous. The finding of nearly white specimens of E. ghiesbreghti gives us a shell in agreement with the original description of decollata, and from the same locality; the ori- ginal specimen of decollatum having been obtained by Ghies- breght in the state of Tabasco, southeastern Mexico. Var. ghiesbreghti (Pfeiffer). PL 5, figs. 18, 19, 20, 21. Shell arcuate-rimate, cylindric-turreted, truncate, solid, blackish brown ; spire tapering, broadly truncate ; 10-11 whorls remaining, a trifle convex, the upper ones closely striate, lower lightly sculptured with waved folds ; last whorl free in front, striate, angulate above, obtusely carinate below the middle. Aperture oblique, subangulate-oval, the base some- what effuse, with a strong compressed fold twisting around the columella; peristome continuous, flexuous, whitish, nar- EUCALODIUM. 5 rowly reflexed throughout. Length 82, diam. 22 mm. ; aper- ture with perist. 21 mm. long, 15 wide (Pfr.). Chiapas, in S. E. Mexico, type locality. (Ghiesbreght). Vera Paz (Bocourt) and Coban (Salvin), in N. Guatemala. Cylindrella ghiesbreghti PFR., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 380, pi. 36, f. 1; Malak. Bl. 1856, p. 215; Conchyl. Cab. p. 33, pi. 8, f. 18, 19 ; Monogr. iv. 694 ; vi, 364 ; viii, 426.— TRISTRAM, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 231.— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 1, f. l.—Eucalo- dium ghiesbreghti Pfr., CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conchyl. 1868, p. 88 ; 1870, p. 13, pi. 5, f. 1-4 (jaw and teeth) . Moll. Mex. p. 368, pi. 14, f. 4, 4a (shell) and pi. 16, f. 14-21 (anatomy). — STREBEL, Beitr. Mex. Land-und Siissw.-Conch., iv. p. 63, pi. 5, f . 20 ; pi. 14, f . 11 a, &.; with form B, p. 64, pi. 7, f . 4.— MARTENS, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Moll., p. 255. The dark reddish-chocolate color (fading above and on the base and whitish around the mouth), the low, spaced, waved and anastomosing wrinkles of the surface, and the decidedly tapering contour, are characteristic. The number of whorls remaining varies from 9 to over 13. It is very solid and strong, with a strongly angular columella, and a strong spiral lamella on the internal pillar (fig. 20). I retain the form varietally separate from E. decollation merely on account of its long standing in the literature, as it differs from that only in color. Fig. 21 is from one of Pf eiffer 's types, after Strebel, Fig. 19 from a typical specimen in coll. A. N. S. P., with lO1/^ whorls. Fig. 18 from Crosse & Fischer. Neither of these fig- ures is turned to show the strongly angular columella. One specimen before me (fig. 22) is isabella- tinted, paler above, white behind the lip and the base. It has the form and sculpture of the dark typical form, and a trifle over 9 whorls remain. It is referable to typical E. decollatum. E. COMPACTUM Pilsbry. PI. 7, figs. 1, 2, 3. Shell cylindric-tapering, solid, having a short, deep, closed umbilical chink; the cuticle thin (deciduous?) very pale straw-colored; composed of 8% narrow, somewhat convex whorls, which are rather strongly striate, the striae arcuate, from one-half to one-third of a mm. apart except on the last 0 EUC ALODIUM. whorl where they stand closer; last whorl becoming very shortly free in front, distinctly angular at the periphery on the front of the whorl, but soon becoming evenly rounded, the usual peripheral cord being reduced to a mere trace on the latter part of the whorl. Aperture oblique, irregularly ovate, the outer and basal margins regularly arcuate, inner margin straightened; peristome continuous, free, expanded and re- flexed. Columella vertical, obsoletely truncate below. In- ternal axis twisted to form a strong spiral lamella with ob- soletely crenate edge. Length 52, diam. 17 mm. Tabasco, southeastern Mexico (Rovirosa). E. compactum PILS., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1892, p. 338, pi. 14, f. 4, (Jan. 24, 1893).— v. MART. Biol. Centr.- Amer., Moll., p. 260. Related to E. ghiesbregliti, but smaller, with different sculp- ture and unlike in the shape of the aperture. It differs from E. mexicanum by the great solidity of the shell, which is thick, like ghiesbreghti, the distinct and regular striation, and the shortness of the whorls. It is also a broader shell, with con- spicuously flaring outer lip. The color of the two shells known is grayish-white, one of them retaining small traces of an extremely thin pale yellow cuticle. There is none of the reddish hue of the allied species. The whorls are unusually narrow. In the type specimen the spiral lamella of the axis is less broadly projecting and less acute than in the youger shell drawn in fig. 2. Its edge is crenulated. The diameter of the shell given in my original description included the lip, and hence does not agree with the dimensions given above ; both descriptions applying to the same individual. E. MEXICANUM (' Cuming ' Pfr.). PI. 7, figs. 8, 9, 10; pi. 1, figs. 2, 3. Shell sulcate, rimate, turreted, lightly arcuate-striate and under a lens punctulate, but little shining ; violaceous-brown ; suture light, somewhat whitish. Whorls remaining 10, rathex flat, the last obtusely angular below the middle, produced forward, carinate above. Columella provided with a denti- EUC ALODIUM. ' 7 form, compressed fold. Aperture slightly oblique, irregu- larly oval, angular above; peristome continuous, reflexed throughout, the right margin thickened, regularly arcuate, left margin sinuous. Length 55, diam. 15, length of aperture 13, width 101/2 mm. (Pfr.). Mexico (Cuming); Tabasco (Berendt) ; Chiapas (Bland). Cylindrella mexicana ' Cuming,' PFR., P. Z. S. 1860, p. 139; Mai. Bl. viii, 1861, p. 80 ; Monogr. vi, p. 364 (with var. minor) ; Novit. Conch, iii. p. 435, pi. 97, f. 16, 17 (var. minor) .- Eucalodium mexicanum Cum., CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conchyl. 1868, p. 88; Moll. Mex. i, p. 369, with var. minor and major.— STREBEL, Beitrage iv, p. 62, pi. 6, f. 7; pi. 11, f. 3 (radula), 11 (jaw), 16 (anat.) ; and var. minor, p. 63, pi. 5, f. 11. The original description is given above. The specimens be- fore me are rather thin, flesh-colored under a very thin, pellucid cuticle, which has been lost from most of the speci- mens, but when perfectly preserved gives the shell a gray- brown color, with pink more or less obviously showing through. The sculpture -is of irregular, slightly oblique and weakly arcuate growth-wrinkles, the early whorls more regularly though weakly costulate. The base is angular in front, the carina varying in strength and persistence. The last whorl is shortly free, the length of the free portion varying a good deal, and there is also wide variation in the shape of the aper- ture. Peristome white, narrowly reflexed. The columella is markedly bent or excavated below. The internal column (pi. 7, fig. 12) is a flattened spiral, with the edge more or less roughened by little projections, more widely spaced than in E. compactum. With age the spiral becomes less acute and the projections tend to disappear. Length 46, diam. 13% mm. ; no. of whorls 8%. Length 50, diam. IS1/*? mm. ; no. of whorls 9% ; form more tapering. Length 49, diam. 13% mm. ; no. of whorls 8%. The fine sculpture (" sub lente punctulata ") of Pfeiffer's type was obviously due to the condition of the slightly eroded surface. The summit, with its granulose plug and the sig- moid axial pillar, are shown in fig. 17 of pi. 8. 8 EUCALODIUM. Var. MAJOR C. & F. Larger, more violaceous; whorls re- maining 10%; length 67, diam. 16 mm. Alta Vera Paz (Bocourt) ; woods between Tactic and Tamahu (Sarg), Guatemala. I have not seen this large southeastern race, which ap- proaches E. ghiesbreghti in size. Var. MINOR Pfr. PL 7, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14. Shell much smaller, thinner, with the same sculpture and color. Length 32%, diam. 10 mm.; whorls 8. (Pfeiffer's type). Length 33%, diam. 11 mm. ; whorls 7%. Figs. 11, 12) . Length 36%, diam. 9% mm. ; whorls 8%. The basal angulation is represented too strong in fig. 11. The localities Alta Vera Paz (Bocourt) and woods between Tactic and Tamahu (Sarg), both in Guatemala, and Juquila, state of Oaxaca, Mexico, are given for this race. The speci- mens before me are labeled merely Mexico. Subgenus OLIGOSTYLUS Pilsbry, Dall, 1895. Oligostylus Pilsbry, in DALL, Nautilus ix, p. 51 (Sept. 1895), type E. blandianum. The internal pillar is slender and either straight or slightly sigmoid within each whorl, never flattened into a spiral lamella. Externally the shell does not differ in any conspicu- ous respect from typical Eucalodium. The typical species, E. blandianum, has a narrower radula (teeth 36.1.36) than typical Eucalodium. This group includes most of the species of the genus. They are in many cases closely related and difficult to distinguish. 1. Large solid species, length 70 mm. or more, group of E. blandianum. 2. Smaller species, length less than 60 mm., in which the last whorl is but shortly built out in front, the rib-sculpture is moderately coarse, and the internal axis is slightly sigmoid, group of E. splendidum. 3. Thin, somewhat fusiform, densely rib-striate species, in which the last whorl deviates and descends considerably in front, and the aperture is very oblique; axis is straight and slender, group of E. speciosum. EUCALODIUM. 9 Group of E. blandianum. E. BLANDIANUM Crosse & Fischer. PL 5, figs. 23, 24, 25, 26 ; pi. 8, fig. 21. Shell imperf orate, arena te-rimate, cylindric-tapering, solid; olive, the stricz and short transverse wrinkles yellow. Surface somewhat glossy, strongly striate obliquely, the striae much narrower than the intervals, slightly arcuate, conspicuous by their yellow color; the intervals more or less malleate. Whorls gradually tapering to the broadly truncate apex, 8 being retained in the adult shell; the last whorl convex, the base smoother, defined by a slight narrow carina, scarcely modifying the general convexity except in front. The whorl becomes very shortly free in front. Aperture quite oblique, angularly oval; peristome white, obtuse, narrowly reflexed throughout ; columella gently spiral, not truncate or angular. Internal axis (pi. 5, fig. 26) slender and nearly straight.- Length 78, diam. above aperture 20 mm. Eastern Mexico: Mountains near Orizaba (type locality; Salle, Bland, Botteri) ; rocky country near San Juan Mia- huatlan, between Jalapa and Misantla, on moist ground among moss and herbs (Dona Estefania) ; Coatepec (Hoge). Eucalodium blandianum C. & F., Journ. de Conchyl. xvi, 1868, p. 276 ; 1870, p. 22 ; Moll. Terr. Mex., p. 374, pi. 14, f . 5, 5a (shell), pi. 16, f. 11-13 (radula).— STREBEL, Beitr. Mex. iv, p. 65, pi. 7, f. 2a-k, 5; pi. 14, f. 10 a, I; pi. 11, f. 4, 5, 12; pi. 12, f. 2 a-o (anatomy).— MARTENS Biol. Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 258,—Cylindrella blandiana PFR., Monogr. viii, p. 136. — Cylindrella speciosa Dkr., SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 1, f. 2.—E. Uandianum var. B, C. & F., J. de C. 1878, p. 251 ; 1879, p. 48 ; Miss. Scient. Moll, ii, p. 665, pi. 72, f . 2, 2a. — E. 1). var. minor C. & F., MARTENS, Biol. p. 633. Somewhat glossy, yellowish-olive or more or less suffused with brown, generally with the striae and wrinkles yellow, and with some darker oblique streaks. The surface is malleated in places, either in the interstices or involving the striae. Figures 24, 25 are from Crosse and Fischer's type figures, agreeing with specimens before me from Bland. Figs. 23, 26 are copied from Strebel's illustration of his form B, from 10 EUCALODIUM. near San Juan Miahuatlan. Fig. 21 of pi. 8 represents the sculpture of a specimenfrom Orizaba, magnified 5 diameters. In some shells the irregular malleation and the subsutural Wrinkling are much less developed. Var. minor 'C. & F.,' Martens. Smaller than the typical form, and the malleation of the shell is less distinct and less rough; whorls 8%, the last abruptly descending, and pro- duced forward more than in the typical form. Length 65, diam. 16%, length of the aperture with peristome 14, width 12 mm. (C. & F.) The part of the Mission Scientifique au Mexique in which this form is figured, is still unpublished, though quoted by Prof. v. Martens. E. SUMICHRASTI CROSSE & FlSCHER. PL 1, figS, 10, 11. Shell slightly arcuate-subrimate, cylindric-turreted, rather thick, solid; violaceous-brown under a shining, thin, rather deciduous olivaceous cuticle. Spire a little tapering, widely truncate; suture impressed. 8 whorls remaining are a trifle convex, rather narrow, regularly increasing, sculptured with numerous delicate, close, subarcuate, but slightly projecting riblets, the penultimate whorl slightly malleate, last whorl slightly descending, shortly free, slightly protracted forward, subangular above, having a slight obtuse keel below the middle. Aperture oblique, irregularly angulate-circular, the base somewhat effuse, interior white; peristome continuous, free, thickened, narrowly reflexed throughout, white; columella deeply situated, hardly, folded. Internal axis unknown. (C. & F.) Length 61, diam. 18 mm.; apert. with perist. 14% mm. long, 13 wide.. Length 66, diam. 19 mm. ; apert. with perist. 15 mm. long, 13 wide. Southern Mexico: State of Chiapas (F. Sumichrast). Eucalodium sumichrasti C. & F., Journ. de Conchyl. xxvi, p. 250 (1878) ; xxvii, p. 46, pi. 2, f. 2 (1879) ; Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll, ii, p. 665, pi. 72, f. 1, la. -MARTENS, Biologia, Moll., p. 633. EUC ALODIUM. 11 E. sumichrasti seems to be intermediate between E. blan- dianum and E. decollatum Nyst, of which E. ghiesbreghti is very likely a synonym. It is distinguished from E. Uan- dianum by the less tapering spire, flatter whorls, less visible and weaker malleation of the shell, which at the same time is more solid; the costulae are finer, more numerous and fili- form ; the aperture is angularly rounded and milk white, the peristome is pure white and not whitish, and finally, the col- umellar margin is wholly without a fold. It differs from E. decollatum by the olive-green cuticle, distinct malleation of the last two whorls, finer costulation and less irregular aper- ture (C. & F.). E. WALPOLEANUM Crosse & Fischer. PL 4, figs. 1, 2, 3, .4; pi. 8, fig. 22. Shell imperforate, arcuately rimate, cylindric-tapering, moderately solid, brownish-yellow with indistinct darker streaks or reddish-brown. Surface somewhat glossy, sculp- tured with regular thread-like striae separated by much wider intervals, which are closely and finely wrinkle-striate spirally, the spirals sometimes passing over the striae also. The spire tapers above, but several later whorls are of about equal dia- meter; apex truncate. Whorls remaining about 10 (9 to 12), convex, the last having the base defined by a small carina"; shortly free in front, aperture somewhat oblique, ovate, angu- lar above, white or reddish inside. Peristome white, continu- ous, narrowly reflexed throughout. Oolumella oblique, a little excavated below. Internal column slender, a little sinuous. Length 75, diam. 18 mm. Southeastern Mexico: Woods of Palenque, Chiapas (type locality, Morelet) ; Chiapas (Boucard) . Northern Guate- mala: Mountains of Vera Paz (Bocqurt) ; Cohan (Salvin) ; woods between Tactic and TamaJiu (Sarg.). Eucalodium walpoleanum C. & F., Journ. de Conchyl. 1872, p. 75; Moll. Mex. i, p. 377, pi. 14, f. 6, 6a.— v. Mart, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 648 ; Biol. Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 259. — STREBEL Beitrag, iv, p. 67, pi. 7, f . 1 a, b ; pi. 14, f . l2.—Cylindrella walpolei Sows., Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 6, f. 51. — Cylindrella 12 EUC ALODIUM. ivalpoleana PFR., Monogr. viii, p. 4&7.—t€yUndrella decollata Nyst, PFR. in Philippi, Abbild. ii, p. 47, pi. 2, f. 1.— Monogr. i, p. 368 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 33, pi. 1, f . 2. * Very near E. tlandianum, resembling it in size and color, but somewhat more slender, and often of a darker brown tint. The chief difference however, is in the sculpture," E. walpo- leanum having more numerous and narrower, thread-like riblets, their intervals being closely crinkled with spiral striae (pi. 8, fig. 22). The basal angle also is more pronounced. The internal column is slender and weakly curved in a spiral, though usually less so than is shown in fig. 3. Strebel has defined a small form, somewhat intermediate between E. walpoleanum and E. blandianum, as form B (pi. 4, fig. 5) . In color and gloss it resembles E. blandianum, but has the sculpture of E. walpoleanum, the riblets standing as close as in that species, though somewhat stronger. On the penultimate whorl (16% mm. wide) there are about 100 rib- lets, while in an especially small example of blandianum with the penult, whorl 17 mm. wide, there are only about 65 riblets. The internal pillar is like that of E. blandianum . This form is from Cuatitlan and San Juan Miahuatlan. E. INSIGNE Crosse & Fischer. PI. 4, figs. 6, 7. Shell arcuate-rimate, cylindric-turreted, solid, hardly shin- ing, livid ashen-flesh colored. Spire perceptibly tapering, broadly truncate; suture impressed; 10 remaining whorls a trifle convex, regularly and subobliquely costulate, the last slightly descending, shortly free in front, subangular above, the base regularly rib-striate, having an inconspicuous thread- like keel below the middle. Aperture slightly oblique, suban- gularly ovate, whitish inside ; peristome continuous, thickened, shortly reflexed throughout, whitish, the columellar margin slightly subplicate within. Internal axis unknown. Length 74, diam. 18 mm. (C. & F.). Southern Mexico (Ghiesbreght). E. insigne C. & F., Journ. de Conchyl. 1872, p. 301 ; Moll. Mex. i, p. 366, pi. 14, f . 7, la. — v. MART., Biologia Centr.- Amer., Moll., p. 259. — Cylindrella insignis C. &. F., PFR., Monogr, viii, p. 428. EUC ALODIUM. 13 Differs from E. walpoleanum in sculpture and form of the aperture. It is more slender than the closely related E. ghies- bregkti, and paler in color. From the form of the columella, it probably has a straight and simple internal pillar. Group of E. splendidum. E. GRANDE (Pfeiffer). PL 6, figs. 30, 31, 32, 36, 37; pi. 8, fig. 20. Shell deeply rimate, turreted, broadly truncate, rather solid, obliquely hair-striate, the interstices seen under a lens to be obliquely striatulate, a little shining, brownish-ruddy. Suture white-margined. 8 whorls remaining, a little convex, the last obtusely carinate at the base, slightly protracted forward; columella subplicate. Aperture slightly oblique, oval, sub- angular above; peristome continuous, narrowly expanded, slightly reflexed. Length 56, diam. 17 mm. ; aperture 13% mm. long, 10 wide (P/r.). Juquila, Oaxaca, in south-central Mexico (Boucard). Cylindrella grandis PFR., P. Z. S. 1860, p. 139, pi. 50, f . 3 ; Malak. Bl. viii, 1861, p. 80; Monogr. vi, p. 364; Novit. Conch, iii, p. 455, pi. 100, f. 8, 9.— SOWB., Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 1, f. 4. — Eucalodium grande Pfr., CROSSE & FISCHER Moll. Mex., i, p. 371, pi. 15, f. 4.— STREBEL, Beitr., iv, p. 68, pi. 5, f. 19.- v. MARTENS, Biologia, Moll., p. 261.— Eucalodium gracile PAETEL, Catal., p. 102. The number of whorls varies from 7% to 8%, the length from 52 to 60 mm. The sculpture according to Strebel, who examined one of Pfeiffer's specimens, consists of fine, rather weak, pretty closely crowded and only weakly arcuate riblets, about 126 on the penult, whorl. They are not very regularly arranged, and often are rib-like folds rather than ribs. On the upper whorls they are sharper and more spaced, and as usual they are more crowded near the aperture, coarser, and fold-like. In the intervals, on the upper third of the whorls, there are distinct, fine, sharp little folds, running obliquely forward, showing also below on the last 3 whorls. The in- ternal pillar is like that of E. walpoleanum, but perhaps more sharply twisted around the axis. Aperture, peristome, col- 14 EUC ALODIUM. umellar fold and umbilical chink show no especial differences from E. walpoleanum, to which E. grandis is closely related. The riblets are closer and weaker than in E. blandianum. E. SPLENDIDUM (Pfeiffer). PI. 6, figs. 33, 34, 35, 38, 39; pi. 8, figs. 19, 23. Shell rimate, turreted, broadly truncate, rather solid, with oblique hair-like riblets, a little glossy, fleshy- violaceous ; sut- ure with a white hair-line, crenulated. 8 to Sy2 whorls re- maining, moderately convex, the last with a very obsolete thread-like carina, shortly free in front. Columella subpli- cate. Aperture nearly vertical, obliquely oval; peristome continuous, white, narrowly reflexed, subangular above. Length 46, diam. 15 mm.; apert. with perist. 12 mm. long, 10 wide. (P/V.). ZacatepeCj State of Oaxaca, in south-central Mexico (Boucard). Cylindrella splendida PFR., P. Z. S. 1860, p. 139, pi. 50, f. 1 ; Malak. Bl. viii, 1861, p. 80 ; Monogr. vi, p. 377 ; Novit. Conch., p. 432, pi. 97, f. 1, 2.— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon. xx. pi. 1, f . 3. — Eucalodium splendidum CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll. Mex., i, p. 372, pi. 15, f. 3, 3a.— STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p. 69, pi. 5, f. 17.— von MARTENS, Biol. Centr. Amer. Moll., p. 261. The figures given by Pfeiffer (pi. 6, fig. 34), Sowerby and Strebel represent the shell as more inflated than E. grande, from which it differs chiefly in the much more widely spaced striation. The figures of Crosse and Fischer resemble the specimen before me, which is probably one of the original lot (pi. 6, fig. 35). The axis is noticeably sigmoid within each whorl, and is moderately stout. It is hollow, showing a min- ute, acutely ovate orifice at the apical truncation (pi. 8, fig. 23). The narrow, acute riblets of the surface are far more widely spaced than in E. grandis, and as in that species, a very minute sculpture of vertical wrinkles not parallel with the riblets, may be seen in the intervals, chiefly below the sutures (pi. 8, fig. 19). EUCALODIUM. 15 E. DECURTATUM (H. Adams). PL 6, figs. 27, 28, 29; pi. 1, fig. 5 ; pi. 8, figs. 15, 16. Shell arcuate-rimate, subcylindric, truncate, rather thin, lightly plicate obliquely, pale rufous-tawny. Suture im- pressed. Whorls remaining 6 to 7, rather flattened, a little angulate above, the last shortly free in front, not descending, very lightly thread-carinate above and at the base. Aperture a little oblique, subcircular; peristome narrowly expanded and a little reflexed, whitish. Length 28 to 29, diam. 10 mm. ; diam. of apert. 6 mm. (H. Ad.). Putla, State of Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard). Cylindrella (Urocoptis) decurtata H. AD., P. Z. S. 1872, p. 13, pi. 3, f. 20.— PFR., Monogr. viii, p. ±39.—Eucalodium de- curtatum H. Ad., CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll. Mex., p. 385, pi. 15, f. 5, 5a.—v. MART., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Moll., p. 261. The original description is given above, and the original figure copied, pi. 6, fig. 27. The single specimen before me (pi. 1, fig. 5, and pi. 8, figs. 15, 16) is flesh-pink with some whitish over-color in streaks and diffused. "Whorls 6%, the first one sculptured with delicate, regular, wide-spaced riblets. These become lower and less distinct on the subsequent whorls, and much closer, crowded, on the last. The internal pillar is slender and nearly straight, showing only a very slight twist, less than in E. grande or E. splendidum. It measures, length 291/2, diam. 9% mm., being much smaller than either of the species mentioned. E. HIPPOCASTANEUM Dall.^ PL 1, figs. 6, 7, 8, 9. Shell rimate, cylindric, somewhat tapering above, rather thin; dark chestnut brown, becoming bright brownish-yellow behind the outer lip. Surface somewhat glossy, regularly rib- striate, the riblets oblique, arcuate, narrower than their inter- vals, somewhat stronger and more spaced on the earlier whorls, becoming closely crowded on the last whorl ; the intervals are puckered by fine vertical wrinkles below the suture, obsolete in places; and the convexity of the last two whorls is irre- gularly malleated, interrupting the riblets more or less. Su- ture impressed, marked by a fine yellow line. Whorls 6%, 16 EUCALODIUM. evenly convex, the last having the base denned by a low cord. Aperture oblique, nearly round, slightly angular above, pur- plish within with a white lip-border. Peristome continuous, very shortly free above, obtuse, hardly expanded. Columella oblique. Internal axis slender, slightly sinuous. Length 28%, diam. 10; length of aperture 8, width 7 mm. Length 32, diam. 9.2, apert. 8 mm. San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico (E. W. Nelson). E. hippocastaneum BALL, Nautilus xi, p. 61 (October, 1897). —v. MARTENS, Biologia, Moll., p. 633. Close to E. decurtatum, from which it differs in the dark color and the stronger riblets of the later whorls. In other respects the two species are alike. The type specimen has 8 whorls and is 32 mm. long; that here figured, one of the type lot, is smaller with scarcely 6% whorls remaining. E. RECTICOSTA (Pfeiffer). PL 3, figs 21, 22, 23. Shell rimate, sub cylindrical, attenuated towards the trun- cated apex, solid, whitish. Whorls 8. narrow, longitudinally and closely ribbed, the ribs straight; the penultimate whorl obtusely angulate above the suture, the last whorl at the peri- phery, nearly smooth below the angle, not produced forward. Aperture subvertical, obliquely oval; peristome nearly sim- ple, very narrowly expanded, appressed above. Length 36, diam. 12 mm.; width of the middle whorl scarcely 5 mm. (Pfr.). Culata, near Manzanillo, State of Colima (W. Lloyd) ; Oaxaca (Sowerby) ; Southeastern Mexico ( Ghiesbreght) . Cylindrella recticosta PFR. in Philippi's Abbild. u. Be- schreib., ii, p. 48, pi. 2, f. 3(1847) ; Monogr. ii, p. 369 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 8, pi. 1, f. 21, 22.— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon. xx. pi. 13, f. ~L19.—Eucalodium recticosta CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll. Mex., i, p. 386, pi. 14, f. 12, 12 a. 6.— v. MART., Biol. p. 265. Distinguished by its strong sculpture and white color. The aperture is nearly circular, as broad as long. The internal pillar is unknown. E. MOUSSONIANUM Crosse & Fischer. PL 3, figs. 15, 16, 17, 18. Shell slightly arcuate-subrimate, cylindric-turreted, rather EUC ALODIUM. 17 solid; white under a pale olive-tawny cuticle, streaked here and there with darker, and but little deciduous, glossy. Spire moderately tapering, broadly truncate; suture impressed. Whorls remaining 7, slightly convex, rather narrow; orna- mented with slightly arcuate, subobliquely longitudinal rib- lets, which are somewhat irregular, peculiarly wrinkle-malle- ate, and the color of the rest of the surface. Last whorl a little descending, shortly free, slightly produced forward, a triflex subangular above, with a slight inconspicuous, thread- like carina below the middle. Aperture a little oblique, sub- angulate-rounded, white inside ; peristome continuous, thick- ened, narrowly reflexed throughout, white, the columellar margin hardly plicate within. Length 44, diam. 14 mm. ; aperture with peristome 10% mm. long, 10 wide (C. & F.) Mexico (Salle). Cylindrella decollata var. B, PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 368.— C. speciosa Dkr., PFR., Malak. Blatt. iii, p. 216 (1856) ; Monogr. iv, p. 695; Conchyl. Cab. p. 34, pi. 1, f. 3, 4:.—Eucalodium moussonianum CROSSE & FISCH., Journ. de Conch, xx, p. 225 (1872) ; Moll. Mex. i, p. 375, pi. 14, f. 11, lla. - STREBEU Beitr. iv, p. 67, pi. 5, f. 16; pi. 13, f. 14.— v. MART., Biologia, p. 263.— E. loucardi var. d, CR. & FISCH., Moll. Mex., p. 381. ' ' Agrees in its malleated sculpture, as well as in color, with E. blandianum," but is much smaller, with shorter whorls and rounded aperture. According to Strebel the internal pillar is exactly like that of E. blandianum. E. NEGLECTUM Crosse & Fischer. PL 3, figs. 19, 20. Shell arcuate-rimate, cylindric-turreted, solid, little shining, pale ashy-brown. Spire suddenly attenuated above, rather broadly truncate, the suture impressed. Whorls remaining 9, a little convex, subobliquely rib-striate, the first 2 attenu- ated, those following somewhat inflated, the last slightly des- cending, shortly free, very obtusely subangular above, incon- spicuously thread-carinate below the middle. Columella in- conspicuously subplicate. Aperture slightly oblique, sub- angulate rounded, dirty white inside; peristome continuous, somewhat thickened, narrowly reflexed throughout, whitish. 18 EUC ALODIUM. Length 38, diam. 11 mm.; aperture with peristome 8y2 mm. long, 8 wide (C. & F.). Oaxaca, central Mexico (Boucard). E. neglectum C. &. F., Journ. de Conch, xx, p. 302, 1872; Moll. Mex. i, p. 373, pi. 14, f. 8, 8a.— STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p. 67, pi. 13, f. 15.— v. MART., BioL, pp. 263. Distinct by its small aperture and narrow whorls. I have not seen specimens. E. MARTENS: Strebel. PL 3, figs. 2-1-33. "Adult shell cylindric-turrete, with close-set very fine striae, which are more oblique in the upper half, more vertical in the lower half of the visible part of each whorl, glossy, greenish-brown, white at the suture. Remaining whorls 61/4-8 ; on the upper whorls the striae are comparatively stronger (so much elevated that the sculpture might be termed costulate), a little rough, and more equally oblique, being more vertical just above the suture only. The upper whorls are also dis- tinctly more convex than the lower ones. Aperture very little produced beyond the suture, nearly circular, but rectilinear above, where it is nearest the preceding whorl, and making here a very obtuse angle with the strongly arcuated outer mar- gin ; peristome continuous, as usual in this genus, very shortly expanded, obtuse, white; columellar margin also well arcu- ated, but behind it, in the depth of the aperture, is a distinct white fold, rising up very steeply, without angle. Young specimens (figs. 32, 33) are somewhat concavely turrete, and resemble the figure 8c in Philippi 's Abbildungen ; they indicate that the whole number of whorls is at least 14 or more, but even in these the tip is truncated and the hole filled up by a convex whitish wall. The dimensions of the adult specimens (with continuous, expanded, and slightly produced peristome) are some what different, as shown by the following measure- ments : Largest (8 whorls) 35 mm. long., diam. 9%; aperture iy2 long (high), 7 broad. Smallest (7% whorls) 24% mm. long., diam. 8; aperture 6 long, 6 broad. EUCALODIUM. 19 Most slender one ( 8 whorls) 25% mm. long., diam. 7 ; aper- ture 6 long, 6 broad. Angangueo, State of Michoacan, Mexico, under leaves of Agave americana (Hegewisch) ; Omiltepec, State of Guererro (H. H. Smith). Bulimus truncatus PF«., Symb. Hist. Helic. i, p. 43 (1841) ; Philippi's Abbild. neuer Conch, i, p. 55, pi. 1, f . 8 ; Monogr. Helic. Vivent. ii, p. 154, and viii, p. 131; Malak. Blatt. xxii, p. 37 (1872).— REEVE, Conch. Icon, v, Bulimus, pi. 70, fig. 1 (not pi. 69, fig. 498) (young specimen).— Cylindrella trun- cata (Pfr.), v. MART. Malak. Blatt. xii, p. 13 (1865).— Euca- lodium truncatum FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Mollusca, i, p. 392.— v. MART., Biologia, Moll., p. 264, pi. 16, f . 3-9. — Eucalodium martensii STRE.BEL, Beitr. Mex. Land- und Siissw.-Conch. iv, p. 73, pi. 13, fig. 13, pi. 11, fig. 8(radula) and 14 (jaw), pi. 12, fig. 3 (genitalia). ? Cylindrella trans- aperta SOWB., Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 9, f. 77. Not Bulimus truncatus Brug., Encycl. Meth. i, p. 310, — Limncua truncatula (MiilL). The figures and description are from von Martens' account in the Biologia Centrali Americana, based upon numerous specimens from Omiltepec, collected by Herbert H. Smith. A very peculiar, small species, long known by the young shell only. The type of E. martensi Strebel is shown in fig. 24. C. transaperta Sowb. (fig. 25) may possibly be re- lated, but it differs in the form of the aperture and the wider lip, and may belong to Urocoptis (q. v.). Its habitat is un- known. (Group of E. speciosum. Sect. Resupinata v. Mart.) . Eesupinata v. MART., Biologia Centrali Americana, Mol- lusca, p. 255 (Nov. 1897), for E. speciosum, edwardsianum, deshayesianum. " Shell somewhat fusiform, narrowed below, last whorl descending considerably beyond the suture, and the plane of the aperture thus very oblique; color yellowish or brown." Internal pillar very slender and straight. Type E. speciosum. This group differs from typical Oligostylus in the thin shell 20 EUCALODIUM. and greater free deviation and descent of the last whorl ; but it is somewhat difficult to assort the species into the two groups. Several of them need re-examination to determine the char- acter of the axis. E. densecostatum, speciosum and cereum are very densely rib-striate ; the others have more spaced or weak striae, and are doubtfully referable to this group. E. DENSECOSTATUM Strebel. PI. 1, fig. 4. Shell thick, rather cylindric, with about 8 whorls remain- ing; somewhat tapering above; suture somewhat margined. Last whorl only shortly free, at first pretty sharply keeled be- low, the keel then becoming a low cord. The aperture is pretty round, somewhat angular above; peristome shortly and rather strongly expanded and thickened. The internal pillar is rather straight throughout, the columellar fold short, deeply situated, and formed as in E. edwardsianum and boucardi. The most peculiar feature of the species is the sculpture, which consists of exceedingly closely placed but not very fine, slightly curved riblets (about 170 on the last whorl, which is 12 mm. wide). The intervals are so narrow that no sculpture can be seen in them. Eastern Mexico: Orizaba (Botteri). E. densecostatum STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p. 71, pi. 6, f. 10(1880). —v. MART., Biologia, Moll., p. 261. No other species has similar sculpture; E. boucardi has a similar form, but coarser sculpture. E. speciosum Dkr. differs in the shape of the shell, the whorls and the more spaced riblets. Described from two dead discolored specimens. E. SPECIOSUM (Dunker) . PL 2, figs. 1, 2, 3. Shell rimate, nearly cylindric, truncate, rather solid, sub- diaphanous, whitish, silky, minutely costulate-striate, the striae lightly arcuate, more obsolete in the middle of the whorls, whorls 91/2, a little convex, slightly increasing, the last free in front, shortly descending, angular above. Columella with a twist or fold. Aperture obliquely oboval, angular above; peristome narrowly reflexed throughout. Length 21, diam. 5!/2 lines [about 42, 11 mm.] (Dunker). EUC ALODIUM. 21 Mexico (Gruner coll.) ; Cordova (Salle, Hoge) ; Coatepec (Hoge) ; Jalapa and Cuesta de Misantla (M. Trujillo). CyUndrella speciosa DKR. in Phil., Abbild. u. Beschreib. i, p. 86, CyUndrella pi. 1, f. 19 v(1844).— Eucalodium boucardi var. minor, CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll. Mex. i, p. 381, pi. 15, f. 6, 6a.— STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p. 71, pi. 6. f. 6.—E. speciosum v. MART., Biologia, Moll., p. 262. Distinguished by its fine but strongly developed, thread- like riblets, silk-like luster, descending last whorl and small size. The internal pillar is very slender and straight. The type had evidently lost its cuticle and color, like a specimen before me. The riblets are less crowded than in var. boucardi, and the shell is more slender. Var. BOUCARDI (' Salle ' Pfr.). PL 2, figs. 6, 7; pi. 8, fig. 18. Shell arcuate-rimate, clavate-cylindric, truncate, rather thin, provided with close, somewhat arcuate hair-like riblets, transversely striated in the intervals; corneous-tawny. Su- ture light, slightly marginate. Whorls remaining 9 to 11, slightly convex, the last free in front, obliquely descending, angular above, obtusely carinate below the middle. Aperture angularly oblong, with a strong, twisted columellar fold; peristome white, narrowly expanded. Length 52-56, diam. 13 mm.; aperture 11 mm. long, 8% wide (Pfr.). Cordova, (Salle, type locality), and Orizaba (Botteri), State of Yera Cruz. CyUndrella boucardi Salle, PFR., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 321; Malak. Bl. 1856, p. 216; Conchyl. Cab. p. 35, pi. 8, f. 1, 2; Monogr. iv, p. 695; vi, 365; viii, 429. — Eucalodium boucardi CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll. Mex. i, p. 381.— STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p. 70, pi. 5, f. 15.— v. MART., Biologia, Mollusca, p. 262. This form is larger than speciosa or the following varieties, but I agree with Prof, von Martens that it is not worthy of specific rank. The shape varies a good deal, two specimens measuring Length 54, greatest diam. 12.3, diam. at apex 7 mm. 9*4 whorls. Length 53, greatest diam. 13.5, diam. at apex 8.5 mm. 8~y2 whorls. EUC ALODIUM. The ribs (pi. 8, fig. 18) are closer than in E. speciosum. The internal pillar is very slender and straight, merely di- lated a little near the floor of each whorl. Other specimens before me from Cordova are much smaller, down to 40 mm. long. The variations in the series lead me to believe that the varieties of E. speciosum are without much value. Var. STREBELI v. Mart. PL 2, figs. 4, 5. Identical with E. boucardi in form, sculpture, pillar and columellar fold, but more brownish, quite like E. edwardsia- mim; remaining whorls from 8% to 11, weakly puffed at the sutures; form much as in E. edwardsianum, but it is more closely ribbed, with crowded spirals in the interstices. There are about 116 riblets on the broadest whorl (12 mm. broad). Dos Arroyos, a village on the road from Jalapa to Naolingo, and Chirimoyo, a village near Jalapa. E. boucardi form B., STREBEL, t. c., p. 71, pi. 5, f. 8, 9.— E. speciosum var. Strebeli v. Martens, Biologia, p. 262. Var. MINIMUM v. Martens. Small, brownish-straw colored ; 8 whorls remaining ; Length 39, diam. 10 mm. Cordova (Salle, Hoge) ; Atoyac (H. H. Smith). E. boucardi var. g CROSSE & FISCHER Moll. Mex. i, p. 381.— E. speciosa var. minima v. MART., Biologia, p. 262. Var. FISCHERI v. Martens. PI. 2, figs. 10, 11. Somewhat solid, subdiaphanous, with a silken luster, pale tawny, whorls 8% to 9!/2> minutely, arcuately rib-striate, the last suddenly descending, quife shortly free. Length 36, diam. 9% mm. Chiquihuitl, State of Vera Cruz (A. Salle). Eucalodium speciosum Dkr., CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll. Mex. i, p. 379, pi. 15, f. 7, la.—E. speciosum? var. fischeri v. MART., Biol. p. 262. E. CEREUM Strebel. PI. 7, figs. 4, 5, 6, 7. Shell with some silky luster, thin though also strong, rather translucent, clothed with a very pale yellowish cuticle, some EUC ALODIUM. 23 narrow darker growth-strias showing here and there. The sculpture consists of line, pretty closely crowded riblets, dis- tinctly raised from the somewhat horn-colored background, and about 135 in number on the penultimate whorl, which is 12 mm. in diam. In the interstices there is fine, rather regu- lar spiral plication, which is not everywhere distinct. The iy2 to 8y2 whorls remaining are narrowly and weakly mar- gined. The last whorl is shortly free and produced at the aperture, at first more or less distinctly keeled, later having a more or less distinct cord. The peristome is shortly ex- panded, almost reflexed and thickened with whitish inside. The pretty strong, bar-like defined columellar fold is white and the interior is lined with a thin, white layer of enamel. San Antonio del Monte, 3 leagues east from Naolingo, on the road to Misantla (Strebel). E. cereum STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p. 72, pi. 6, f. 9 (1880). E. EDWARDSIANUM Crosse & Fischer. PL 2, figs, 8, 9, 12. Shell arcuate-rimate, clavate-turreted, rather thin but some- what solid, dull fleshy-whitish under a dark tawny-straw colored, glossy, in part deciduous cuticle. Spire tapering, rather broadly truncate ; suture impressed ; whorls remaining 9%, but slightly convex, regularly enlarging, sculptured with but slightly projecting, quite spaced and slightly oblique rib- lets ; first 2 to 3 whorls attenuated, following 4 or 5 somewhat inflated, penultimate and last whorls somewhat tapering, the last suddenly descending, widely free, carried forward, and subcarinate above. Aperture slightly oblique, somewhat ir- regularly angulate-oval, livid whitish inside; peristome con- tinuous, somewhat thickened, shortly reflexed throughout, dirty whitish; columellar margin with a high fold within. Length 48, diam. 13 mm. ; aperture with peristome 9% mm. long, 8 wide (C. & F.). State of Vera Cruz, Mexico : Cordova ( Salle ) ; Agua Caliente, Hirial and Nacimiento de Quilate, all near Misantla (Dona Estefania). E. edwardsianum C. &. F., Journ. de Conchyl. 1872, p. 224; Moll. Mex. i, p. 383, pi. 14, f. 10, 10a.— STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p. 24 EUCALODIUM, ANISOSPIRA. 69, pi. 6, f. 11; pi. 11, f. 6, 7, 13; pi. 12, f. 1 (anatomy). -v. MART., Biologia, p. 262. — Cylindrella edwardsiana PFR., Monogr. viii, p. 437. Similar to E. boucardi, but with more widely spaced riblets, with no spirals in the intervals. Strebel 's figure of a specimen from near Misantla (fig. 12) is more slender than the type from Cordova (figs. 8, 9). Strebel counted 77 riblets on the penultimate whorl, which had a diameter of 12 mm. E. DESHAYESIANUM Crosse & Fischer. PL 2, figs. 13, 14. Shell slightly arcuate-subrimate, cylindric-turreted, rather solid; dull and pale fleshy- whitish under a somewhat glossy, pale yellow and almost completely deciduous cuticle. Spire slightly tapering, broadly truncate ; suture deeply impressed. 7 to 8 whorls remaining, nearly flat, narrow, the first 3 or 4 slightly oblique and very delicately, following ones incon- spicuously striatulate, the last whorl suddenly descending, very shortly free, obtusely angular above, obsoletely subcarin- ate below the middle. Aperture slightly oblique, irregularly subangulate-rounded, white within; peristome continuous, somewhat thickened, very narrowly reflexed throughout, white, the columella hardly folded within. Length 32, diam. 91/2 mm. ; apert. with perist. 7 mm. long, 6% wide (C. & F.). Southern Mexico ( G-hiesbreght) . E. deshayesianum C. & F., J. de Conch, xx, p. 223, 1872; Moll. Mex. p. 384, pi. 14, f. 9, 9a.— v. MART., Biologia, p. 263. —Cylindrella deshayesiana PFR., Monogr. viii, p. 430. Distinguished by its small size, narrow whorls, incon- spicuous striation and the facility with which the cuticle is lost in adults. Only the two type specimens in the Museum of Natural History at Paris are known. Genus ANISOSPIRA Strebel, 1880. Anisospira STREBEL, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna mexikanischer Land- und Siisswasser-Conchylien,, Theil iv, p. 77 (for Cyl. liebmanni Pfr. and C. hyalina Pfr.). Shell imperforate, cylindric, pupiform or oblong-fusiform, the earlier whorls self-amputated, the adult shell consisting of 3 to 5 whorls of about equal width, the next earlier 2 or 3 ANISOSPIRA. 25 whorls rapidly contracting, followed above usually by a cylin- dric whorl or two of far smaller calibre. The (deciduous) young shell has a rather large apex, smooth at first, followed by several straightly costulate whorls. Internal column straight or weakly spiral, perforated, in the last whorl or two en- circled by a median and a subbasal cord or lamella, not visible in the circular or ovate aperture (pi. 11, figs. 1, 2, 4, 7). Soft anatomy unknown. Type A. liebmanni. (Gr. anisos un- equal, and speira a coil, in allusion to the disparity between the early and late whorls). Distribution, southern and southwestern Mexico. This genus differs from Eucalodium in the rapid increase in diameter which takes place at the inception of the adult stage, and in the armature of the axial column, which is re- stricted to the last two whorls. In Eucalodium the diameter of the shell increases regularly, and the column is alike throughout its length. Though the axis is minutely perfor- ate, there is no such axial cavity as is found in Ccelocentrum. The internal armature, as Strebel has noted, resembles that of Holospira and Bostrichocentrum; and it also finds a parallel in the Haitian group of large Urocoptis species. The last whorl is only shortly free in front, and the peristome is but very narrowly subreflexed or expanded. In most characters of the shell Anisospira resembles Jamaican species of Urocop- tis of the group of Z7. sanguinea; but it differs in the larger nepionic shell and especially in the plug or septum of the amputated spire, in which Anisospira resembles Eucalodium and other Mexican genera, and not the Antillean forms. Key to species of Anisospira. I. Shell thin, very finely and densely rib-striate ; a lamella encircling the pillar within the penultimate or the last whorl. 1. Diam. about one-third the length; white, a. whorls iy2 to 9 ; internal lamella at base of pillar, l!/2 whorls long, A. dalli. I), whorls 10-13, A. hyalina, 2. Diam. contained about 2% times in length ; yellow- 26 ANISOSPIRA. ish-fleshy ; whorls 7 to 8, internal lamella strong and flat, 2 whorls long. A. liebmanni. II. Shell solid and strong, with moderately spaced rib-stria- tion; flesh- tinted or pinkish; interna] pillar weakly spiral, a blunt cord encircling its base within the penulti- mate whorl. A. strebeli. A. HYALINA (Pfeiffer). PL 10, figs. 18, 19, 20, 21. Shell rimate, truncate, ovate-oblong, suddenly tapering above, rather thin, diaphanous, hyaline. Whorls 10, a little convex, narrow, subequal, subarcuately delicately rib-striate, the last whorl shortly built forward, subangular above, obso- letely compressed at the base. Aperture subvertical ; sub- circular. Peristome free throughout, narrowly expanded. Length 37, diam. 12, aperture length 9, width 8 mm. ; width of middle whorl 3% mm. (Pfr.). South-central and southeastern Mexico: Oaxaca (Deppe), probably Tabasco or Chiapa (Ghiesbreght). Cylindrella hyalina PFR. in Philippi, Abbild. u. Beschreib. ii, p. 47, pi. 2, f. 2 (1847) ; Monogr. ii, 369; iii, 564; iv, 692; vi, 359; viii, 425; Conch. Cab., Cylindrella, p. 8, pi. 1, f. 13, 14. _ v. MART., Malak. Blatt. xii, p. 14 (1865). — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 12, f. IW.—Eucalodium hyalinum Pfr., FISCHER & CROSSE, Moll. Mex. i, p. 388, pi. 15, f. 9, 9a.— v. MART., Biol. Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 266.— Anisospira liyalina Pfr., STREBEL, Beitr. Mex. Land- und Siissw.-Conch., iv, p. 79, pi. 13, f. 16. The number of whorls varies somewhat, as more or fewer of the narrow ones at the summit are retained, there being sometimes as many as 13. It is distinguished from A. lieb- manni by the greater number of whorls retained by the adult shell, and the pale color. A. dalli is a closely related form, which may eventually prove varietally related to liyalina. A. DALLI (v. Martens). PL 10, figs. 28, 29; pi. 1, fig. 12. " Shell thin, white, solid, opaque, decollated, the rejected spire having 14 whorls, and the remainder of the shell from 71/0 to 9 whorls; apex of the young shell blunt, slightly dome- shaped, the nepionic shell smooth or faintly transversely ANISOSPIEA. 27 striated, subsequent whorls to the fifth subcylindric, the fifth slightly constricted, the spire very slowly increases in diameter until the decollation is reached; the first four whorls after the nucleus are conspicuously, elegantly, transversely ribbed, the riblets nearly straight, with subequal interspaces. Be- yond the constriction the riblets are less conspicuous and more crowded and more oblique, and so continue evenly over the adult shell where the suture is distinct but not deep, the form somewhat fusoid, the basal whorl slightly contracted and sub- angulate at the periphery, the umbilicus closed and the aper- ture suborbicular and slightly reflected. The axis is mode- rately stout and twisted, with a single plait on the pillar, anteriorly, in the last and penultimate whorls, not however visible from the aperture, much as in A. liebmanni Pfeiffer (pi. 11, fig. 7). Length of decollate spire, 21 mm.; of decol- lated shell, 29 mm. ; maximum diameter of shell, 10 mm. ; of decollation, 6 mm." (Doll.). Huilotepec, State of Oaxaca (E. W. Nelson). Anisospira strebeli DALL., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xix, p. 353, pi. 33, f. 7, 8 (Jan. 27, 1897) ; not of PfeffQY.—Eucalodium dalli v. MART., Biol. Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 633 (Feb. 1901). " This species is shorter and more slender than A. hyalina Pfeiffer, which has always one and sometimes two more whorls. It is of a whitish, not a pinkish tint, and the decol- lated portion of the spire is more cylindrical than in A. hya- lina, which has a proportionally larger and more trumpet- like mouth. A. liebmanni is larger, stouter, of a brownish yellow color, and has a whorl less than the present species " (Ball). Ball's original figures are copied on plate 10. Figs. 12 of plate 1, and fig. 7 of pi. 11, represent a specimen of the ori- ginal lot in the collection of the Academy. It has 8 whorls, and measures, length 29, diam. 10 mm. The columellar la- mella is very close to the base, and is shorter and much less prominent than in A. liebmanni. I have some doubts as to the distinctness of this species from A. hyalina, but I have not been able to compare specimens of the latter, which seems to differ chiefly in retaining more whorls in the adult state. 28 ANISOSPIRA. A. LIEBMANNI (Pfeiffer) . PI. 10, figs. 22-27; pi. 11, figs. 1, 2, 3. Shell rimate, cylindric-oblong, usually widest above the middle, rapidly contracting above, slowly tapering below; thin but moderately solid; pale brownish-yellow, with an in- distinct reddish line at the suture. Surface very finely, regularly, closely and obliquely rib-striate, the riblets but slightly arcuate. Whorls 7 to 7%, scarcely convex, the last having the base defined by a scarcely noticeable cord. Aper- ture subcircular or rounded oval, oblique. Peristome whit- ish, very narrowly reflexed. Columella straight, somewhat oblique. Internal axis a straight and rather slender pillar, encircled in the last two whorls by a spiral lamella, which makes two spiral turns, is strongest within the penultimate whorl, and is not visible from the aperture. A very weak, more oblique spiral cord encircles the pillar above the lamella, in the last and penultimate whorls. Length 32, diam. 12.7 mm. ; length of aperture 8.3, width 7.5 mm. Mexico (Liebmann) ; Barrio and Jucliitan, Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Sumichrast). Cylindrella liebmanni PFR., Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1846, p. 159; Monogr. ii, 370; iii, 564; iv, 691; vi, 359; Conchyl. Cab., p. 4, pi. 1, f. 9, 10; Philippi, Abbild., iii, p. 5, pi. 3, f. 1.- C. leibmanni SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 13, f. 46. — Euca- lodium liebmanni Pfr., FISCH. & CROSSED Moll. Mex. i, p. 390, pi. 15, f. 10, 10 a, &.— v. MARTENS, Biol. Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 266. — Anisospira liebmanni Pfr., STREBEL, Beitrage Mex. iv, p. 79, pi. 5, f. 12, 12 a, 13; pi. 14, f. 2 A, B.— Cylindrella trochee formis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 9, f. 80 (young shell). This species is thinner, smaller and more finely striate than A. strebeli Pfr., and the internal lamella upon the axis is much stronger than in any other known species. It retains fewer whorls than the more slender A. dalli and A. hyalina. Figures 27 and 1 represent a specimen collected by Sumi- chrast, from the isthmus of Tehuantepec. In Pfeiffer's original type, collected by Liebmann (pi. 10, fig. 24; pi. 11, figs. 2, 3), the aperture is oval and a little an- ANISOSPIRA. 29 gular above (fig. 3), and the internal pillar is weakly spiral. A weak keel-like ridge encircles it midway, visible even in the fifth whorl from the last ; in the penultimate whorl it is more conspicuous, but not very large. Under it, close to the par- tition, there is a rather strong flattened lamella on the pillar, which both increases and decreases rapidly (pi. 11, fig. 2). The Sumichrast shells from Tehuantepec (pi. 10, f. 22, 23, 25, 27; pi. 11, fig. 1) differ in the straighter axis, which is not visibly sinuous, the much shorter and weaker median colu- mellar cord, and perhaps the longer, less basally situated col- umellar lamella. The aperture moreover is more nearly cir- cular. These differences, however, are probably not specific, but indicate local racial variation. A young shell of the Sumichrast lot (pi. 10, fig. 25), exam- ined by Strebel, has the nucleus smooth, then fine sharp ribs appear, which up to and including the third whorl are more spaced than on following whorls, the total number of which is 12. A. STREBELI Pf effer. PL 10, figs. 30-34 ; pi. 11, fig. 4. Shell rimate, fusiform-cylindric or more or less swollen, solid and strong though not thick, grayish flesh- tinted or pink, without gloss. Surface sculptured with fine, regular rib- striae separated by intervals of double their width. Whorls remaining 7 to 9, moderately convex, the last faintly or obso- letely keeled, a slight depression which is sometimes brownish just above the keel. Aperture oblique, produced shortly for- ward, rounded-ovate. Peristome pale, obtuse or thickened, narrowly expanded or sub-reflexed; columella straightened within. Internal axis a little swollen in the middle within each whorl and distinctly twisted in a weak spiral. This is noticeably stronger within the penultimate whorl, where it is accompanied by a second cord revolving immediately adja- cent to the partition below. Length 50, diam. 15, length of aperture 11%, width 10 mm. Length 43, diam. 14, length of aperture 11, width 10 mm. Length 40, diam. 12, length of aperture 10, width 9 mm. 30 COELOCENTRUM. Length 38, diam. 13, length of aperture 10, width 9 mm. Length 33, diam. 12-12%, length of aperture 8y2-9, width 7i/2-8i/2 mm. S. W. Mexico : Cerro de Plumas, near Puerto Angel, State of Oaxaca, on the Pacific coast, in a dense tropical forest (Hoge). Anisospira strebeli PFEFFER, Yerh. Ver. f. Naturw., Ham- burg, 1887, p. 21.—Eucalodium strebeli v. MARTENS, Biol. Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 265, pi. 16, f. 31-34. Very variable in size and shape, as the measurements given above indicate. These are chiefly taken from von Martens' measurements of selected individuals out of a series of thirty. The shell is much more solid than A. liebmanni, with far coarser sculpture and different internal armature. More- over, the taper above is less abrupt. In the larger, cylin- drical shells the last four whorls are of about equal diameter, the next earlier three taper, another whorl remaining, begin- ning again the cylindrical shape of the young stage. In small shells (33 mm.) the last three whorls only are equal in diameter, three above them tapering, and the next earlier one upright again. In the smaller examples there is a distinct angle in front defining the base; in the larger ones this is wholly obsolete. The aperture also varies in shape. Von Martens records a worn specimen, probably of this species, found by Mr. W. Lloyd at Culata, near Manzanillo, on the west coast of Mexico. Genus CGELOCENTRUM Crosse & Fischer, 1870. Cylindrella of earlier authors. — Eucalodium, sect. 2, CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conchyl. xviii, p. 22 (1870).— Ccclocentrum C. & F., J. de C. xx, p. 302, type C. turris Pfr. (1872) ; Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll, i, p. 339.— STREBEL, Beitrag Mex. Land- und Siisswasser-Conchyl. iv, p. 56.— von MAR- TENS, Biologia Centrali Americana, Moll., p. 267. Shell rimate, cylindric-tapering or cylindric-fusiform, com- posed of many closely coiled whorls, the early ones usually self -amputated in adult shells, the body cavity plugged with a, convex, granulose septum, the cavity of the columellar axis COELOCENTRUM. 31 visible as a round, exactly central hole. The last whorl be- comes shortly free in front, and is usually girt below the mid- dle by a low cord. Aperture irregularly ovate or rounded, the peristome continuous, narrowly reflexed throughout. Internal axis a somewhat fusiform polished tube, smooth or longitudinally costate. The usually deciduous early whorls taper gradually to the nepionic shell, which is rather large, cylindric or club-like, composed of 4%-7 whorls, the first smooth and bulbous, the rest more or less costulate. Type, C. turris Pfr. Distribution, southern and south- eastern Mexico to Guatemala, with an aberrant group in Lower California. The soft anatomy is known by Strebel's dissection of a specimen of C. arctispira from near Misantla. Foot very long. The body lobes of the mantle consist of a divided right, a left, and a posterior lobe. The salivary glands are extremely loose masses around the first part of the oesophagus and retractor. The transverse rows of the radula imbricate so that the ends of the cusps reach to the beginning of those in the next row. The central teeth have small side- cusps, laterals with an ectocone (pi. 19, fig. 44). The foun- dation of the jaw (pi. 19, fig. 41) is a structureless, hyaline membrane, bordering the true horn-colored smooth jaw on all sides, projecting rather broadly between the ends and the large median projection. The penis is very short and wide, with terminal retractor, the v. d. inserted beyond the middle. Spermathecal duct long (pi. 19, fig. 42). The retractor mus- cle (pi. 19, fig. 43) of the left tentacle is united to that of the pharynx proximally, that of the right tentacle being free, but there are slender bands running from the pharyngeal re- tractor to both tentacular retractors anteriorly. There is no muscular plate over the pharynx, as in Eucalodium. Two long muscles arise from the columellar muscle and pass for- ward to the mantle-edge. I. Species of moderately large calibre, normally losing many of the early whorls by autotomy. 1. Internal axis large, with a sub-median (spiral) swelling within each whorl, crossed by numerous 32 COELOCENTRUM. obliquely vertical lamellae. Nepionic whorls un- known. Coslocentrum s. str. 2. Internal axis without vertical sculpture. a. Internal axis cylindric or swollen within each whorl, smooth. Exterior of the shell with more or less spiral sculpture developed. Nearly 7 nepionic whorls, the first dome-like, the rest cylindric, obsoletely costulate, especially near the sutures. Liocentrum, p. 46. b. Internal axis sub-cylindric, within the last and penultimate whorls encircled close to the base by a spiral lamella. Nepionic shell unknown. Elasmocentrum, p. 49. II. Slender species, retaining all of the whorls in maturity. c. Internal axis hollow but slender, smooth, swol- len within each whorl. Whorls many (16-22), higher and less crowded than in other sub- genera. Nepionic shell of about 5 whorls, the apex bulbous, first 2y2 whorls vertically straightly costellate, next 2 whorls decussated, granulose. Spartocentrum, p. 50. Section COELOCENTRUM s. str. In this group the internal pillar is swollen below the middle within each whorl, excavated below this spiral ridge, and sculptured with obliquely longitudinal riblets or lamellae, which vary from smooth to serrate at the free edges, and are often irregularly interrupted, some of them replaced by gran- ules scattered on the polished surface of the tube. The rib- lets do not extend into the excavation below the ridge, and in one species, C. astrophorea, there is a spine on each where it crosses the spiral ridge. The species are rather numerous and not often separated by strongly marked characters. The following key is there- fore of no great value. The number of preserved whorls is quite variable individually, and is not even constant in shells of the same dimensions. COELOCENTRUM. 33 I. Rather large species, the diam. 12 mm. or more. a. Remaining whorls 12 in a length of 80 mm. ; ribs rather strong. C. gigas, p. 33. &. Remaining whorls 13 in a length of 54 mm. ; riblets numerous and close. C. anomalum, p. 35. c. Remaining whorls 9 in a length of 53 mm.; riblets numerous and irregular spirals. Tuxtla, S. E. Mexico. C. nelsoni, p. 35. d. Remaining whorls1 8y2 in a length of 43 mm. ; sculp- ture of crowded, delicate lines, no spirals. State of Chiapas. C. pfefferi, p. 34. e. Remaining whorls 16-24 in length of 55-72 mm. ; thin, fusiform, the riblets very close, fine and weak. C. turris, p. 36. II. Smaller forms, diam. 6-10, length usually 20-40 mm. a. Ribs of the internal column produced in spines at their junction with the spiral convexity. C. astrophorea, p. 45. &. Ribs often serrate but not bearing spines. c. Apex retained entire ; whorls 27, length 41, diam. 9 mm. C. t. attenuatum, p. 40. c1. Early whorls lost in the adult. d. Whorls short, very closely coiled, about 18 in a length of about 38 mm. C. arctispira, p. 42. d1. Whorls short, very convex, 11 in a length of 30 mm. C. dispar, p. 44. <22. Whorls less short, but slightly convex. C. tomacella, p. 38; C. t. dava, p. 39; C. fistulare, p. 41. C. GIGAS v. Martens. PL 9, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Shell measuring 21 mm. in diameter and 80 mm. in length (truncate), yellowish-grey, with numerous rather fine, some- what arcuated costulae, of which there are 98 on the whorl before the last, somewhat unequal and irregular, the inter- stices twice or thrice their breadth ; spiral striae in the inter- stices very feeble, none on the costulae (fig. 5). Whorls a 34 COELOCENTRUM. little convex, numbering 12 in the adult truncate example, about 24 in all, to judge from comparison with a young speci- men; the height of the visible part of a whorl varying from % to % of its diameter, the middle whorls being not so high as the upper and lower ones; the last seven whorls nearly equal in diameter, the preceding ones gradually diminishing upwards, so that the whole shell is turrete, but not properly fusiform. Base of the last whorl rounded, with a rather broad and shallow spiral furrow in the prolongation of the suture, instead of the usual angular line (fig. 3). The aper- ture, in the single, perhaps not quite perfect, adult specimen is scarcely produced beyond the suture, and its edges are very thin and shortly expanded; the opening is 17 mm. high and 16 mm. broad, irregularly rhomboidal, with an obtuse angle at the base, but rounded above. The columellar plait inside the aperture is rather strong, pale orange, and ascends in a straight oblique line. The costulaB of the columellar axis are numerous, about as broad as their interstices, and descend in a straight line (v. Mart.). E. Guatemala: Livingston, in the Bay of Honduras (0. Stoll). Coelocentrum gigas MARTENS, Biologia Centrali Americana, Moll., p. 267, pi. 16, f. 27, 28, a-c (Nov., 1897), The largest species known. " Fig. 4 represents a younger individual, which has not yet lost so many whorls." C. PFEFFERI Ball. PI. 11, figs. 5, 6. Shell subcylindric, with Sy2 whorls, attenuated above, rounded below, solid, decollate, the whorls gently rounded with a distinct suture, without spiral sculpture, transverse sculpture of delicate, hardly arched, little raised, crowded lines, subequal over the whole surface ; base rounded, the basal area bounded by an obscure line, umbilicus reduced to a mi- nute perforation, aperture rounded below, slightly angular above, usually free but occasionally adnate to the body whorl ; axis normal, small at the decollation; color pale livid pink, whitish near the aperture. Length 43, maximum diameter 15, diam. at decollation 7 mm. (Dall). Ocozucuantla [ Ocozocoautla] , State of Chiapas, Mexico (E. W. Nelson) ; types No. 107367, U. S. N. M. COELOCENTRUM. 35 C. pfefferi BALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xix, p. 352, pi. 33, f. 1, 2 (Jan. 27, 1897).— v. MART., Biol., p. 634. This species is shorter, stouter, and less cylindrical than C. turris, Pfeiffer, which has proportionally more numerous whorls, and is smaller and more fusiform than C. Nelsoni. It is respectfully dedicated to the distinguished naturalist of Hamburg, Dr. G. Pfeffer, well known for his work on Mexican land shells in conjunction with H. Strebel. (Dall) . C. NELSONI Dall. PL 11, figs. 8, 9. Shell large, strong, decollate, retaining 9 whorls, subcylin- dric, attenuated more rapidly at the upper 2 or 3 whorls, periphery flattish, suture distinct, strong, not deep; trans- verse sculpture of numerous rather asperate concavely arched little raised ridges, stronger near the sutures and usually with wider interspaces; spiral sculpture of somewhat vermicular obscure character like the markings left by a " sand-blast," but occasionally developing sparse distant fine spiral riblets, and stronger on the later whorls ; base rounded except for the obscure peripheral line, the umbilicus almost closed ; aperture rounded below, slightly angular, oblique, free from the body whorl, with the margin continuous and reflected but narrow; axis normal, nearly closed at the decollation where it is small, but large in the latter whorls; color pale straw. Length 53, maximum diameter 18, diameter at decollation 8 mm. (Dall). Tuxtla, Mexico. (ft. W. Nelson) ; type No. 107368, U. S. N. M. C. nelsoni DALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xix, p. 352, pi. 33, f. 5, 6 (Jan. 27, 1897). " This shell recalls Eucalodium compactum Pilsbry, but is more cylindrical and stouter, besides having a totally different axis. It is the largest known species of the genus, and is dedi- cated to the indefatigable naturalist E. W. Nelson, who has added so largely to our knowledge of the American fauna from Alaska to Guatemala." Dall. C. ANOMALUM Strebel. PL 9, figs. 6, 7. Shell rather transparent, almost lustreless, as if breathed upon, and of a violet- chocolate-brown color, changing to more yellowish towards the summit. The lower half of the last 36 COELOCENTRUM. whorl is dirty flesh-color, sharply defined in the umbilical re- gion, but lost toward the aperture. The 13 remaining whorls are flatly arcuate, rapidly tapering above, while below the con- traction is hardly noticeable. The last whorl is only shortly free, and somewhat turned outward. The umbilical carina is only weakly modeled, while the dorsal keel or cord dis- tinctly projects, especially at the beginning. The sculpture consists of fine, sharp, close-set and but slightly arcuate rib- lets on the upper whorls, which on following whorls become more spaced, more irregular and weaker. On the last half of the last whorl they become close again, but without increasing much in sharpness. On the penultimate whorl, which is 14% mm. broad, I count about 100 of these rib-like folds. The cuticle appears under the lens finely wrinkled, the wrinkles running spirally, so that there is a sort of spiral striation. The internal column is only moderately swollen within each whorl. Its exterior is rather closely set with with very fine lamellae, the free edges of which, especially in the lower whorls, are finely serrate. The whole internal column is whit- ish flesh-colored. The aperture is triangular-oval, the peri- stome shortly but pretty strongly expanded, nearly reflexed, white outside and within, and only weakly thickened. The interior shows a yellowish-bronze zone behind the white peri- stome, which then passes into dirty violet-white. The com- presed and oblique columellar fold is distinctly visible. The umbilicus is represented by a narrow chink only. Coban, Guatemala (Sarg). Ccclocentrum anomalum STREBEL, Beitrag iv, p. 59, pi. 6, f. 8 ; pi. 14, f . 5. — v. MARTENS, Biologia, p. 270. Violet chocolate-colored, with the base of the last whorl dirty flesh-colored. Internal column densely set with finely serrate vertical lamellae. Description from Strebel's account. C. TURRIS (Pfeiffer). PI. 12, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Shell deeply rimate, cylindric below, tapering above, very thin, light brown. Surface sculptured with fine, arcuate rib- striae, which are sharp, close and regular above, weaker and somewhat irregular on the lower half of the shell. Whorls remaining 16 to 24, convex, very slowly increasing in width, COELOCENTEUM. 37 the last shortly free in front, the pale-colored convex base defined by a low cord, while a stronger, arcuate keel at the base defines the umbilical area. Aperture rounded, oblique, the peristome continuous, white, rather broadly reflexed throughout. Internal column large (6 mm. diam. in a shell of 14 mm. diam.), conspicuously bulging, the greatest con- vexity at about the lower third in each whorl ; sculptured with rather wide-spaced, obliquely longitudinal, low lamellae, which are highest on the convexity, and mostly do not run below it. These lamellae are somewhat irregularly spaced, and irregular at the free edges, and there are some granules scattered on the polished surface of the pillar. Length 55, diam. 14 mm. ; whorls 16. Length 68-72, diam. 14 mm. (P/r.). Chiapas, in southeastern Mexico (Ghiesbreght). Cylindrella turris PFR., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 380, pi. 36, f . 2 ; Mai. Blatt. 1856, p. 217 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 35, pi. 8, f . 20, 21 ; Monogr. iv, p. 695; vi, 365 — BLAND, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, of N. Y., viii, p. 160. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 13, f. 117. — Eucalodium turris CROSSE & FISCH., Journ. de Conchyl. xvi, p. 88; xviii, p. 22. — Coelocentrum turris FISCH. & CROSSE, Moll. Mex., i, p. 345, pi. 15, f. 13. — STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 56, pi. 5, f. 18; pi. 14, f. 2 A, B.— v. MARTENS, Biol. Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 270. Thin and light for a shell of its size. It differs from other large species by the greater number of whorls preserved in the adult shell. "Varies in the length of the adult shell from 59-72 millim., and in the breadth of the penultimate whorl from 12!/2-14 millim. Number of preserved whorls 16-24. The variation in the length of the adult shell does not depend entirely upon the number of preserved whorls ; I have before me a specimen measuring 61 millim. with 16 preserved whorls, and another of 60 millim. with 19 preserved whorls. The greater the number. of preserved whorls, the more strongly is the shell attenuated upwards. " The figures in Reeve's Conckologia Iconica, 77 millim. long, represents a specimen with an unusually large number of preserved whorls, viz., 27." (v. MART.) 38 COELOCENTRUM. C. TOMACELLA (Morelet) . PL 12, figs. 6, 7; pi. 14, figs. 21-25. Shell deeply rimate, swollen-turreted, rather thin, diapha- nous, arcuately, very closely striate, somewhat silky in appear- ance, brownish-corneous; spire strongly tapering upwards, rather broadly truncate, suture impressed, lightly submargin- ate-crenate, whorls remaining 14, subequal, a little convex, the last a little receding under the penultimate, shortly free, compressed-carinate at the back and base, having a thread-like keel below the middle. Aperture suboblique, irregularly sub- triangular-oval, pale fleshy- whitish inside; peristome contin- uous, narrowly expanded and a little reflexed throughout, whitish; parietal margin sloping, forming an angle with the spreading left margin. Foramen of the truncate spire mod- erately large, perspective. Length 35, diam. scarcely 10 mm. ; aperture with peristome 61/2 mm. long, 5^ wide (F. & C.). Length 37, diam. 10 mm. (Morelet). "Woods of Tabasco, and in the ruins of Palenque, State of Chiapas (Morelet) ; Cohan, Guatemala (Sarg). Cylindrella tomacella MOREL v Testacea Novissima i, p. 10, no. 11 (1849).— PFR., Monogr. iii, p. 568; Conchyl. Cab. p. 36, pi. 4, f. 19, 20.— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 14, f. 124.— Coelocentrum tomacella FISCH. & CROSSE, Moll. Mex. i, p. 342, pi. 15, f . 11. — STREBEL, Beitrag iv, p. 58, pi. 6, f . 3. — MARTENS, Biologia, p. 271. — Cylindrella moreleti DESHAYES, in Fer. Hist, ii, p. 227, pi. 164, f. 16-18 (1851). Excessively near C. clava Pfr., but according to Crosse & Fischer more swollen, a little smaller and paler, with fewer whorls and perceptibly finer striation. The more obese shape is its chief distinctive character. A specimen before me, pi. 14, figs. 21-25, is corneous-whitish, with no brown tint, retains 13 whorls, and measures, length 33, diam. 9% mm. The in- ternal pillar is strongly swollen below the middle within each whorl, rather abruptly contracted below the swelling. It is sculptured with widely and irregularly spaced lamellae and some scattered granules representing dislocated and broken- up lamellae. The free edges of the lamellae are irregularly and more or less serrate (pi. 14, fig. 23). The external sculpture COELOCENTRUM. 39 of the shell consists of fine, close flat riblets wider than the in- tervening grooves except on the last whorl, where they are narrower. Fig. 24 of pi. 14 represents the sculpture of the fourth whorl up, fig. 25 of the last whorl. Var. CLAVA (Pfeiffer). PL 12, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14; pi. 14, figs. 26, 27. Shell deeply arcuate-rimate, turreted-cylindric, truncate, rather thin, closely arcuate-striate, diaphanous, but slightly shining, tawny. Spire a little tapering above, rather widely truncate. Whorls remaining 16-21, moderately convex, the last shortly free, carinated above and at the base, and with a thread-like keel at the side. Aperture squarish-oval, chan- nelled at the base, columellar fold slight, deep ; peristome con- tinuous, white, expanded and a little reflexed throughout. Length 42-57, diam. 9-10 mm. ; aperture with peristome 8 mm. long, 7 wide (Pfr.). Chiapas, Mexico ( Ghiesbreght) . Cylindrella clava PFR., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 380 ; Malak. Blatter 1856, p. 217 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 36, pi. 8, f . 11, 12 ; Monogr. iv, p. 696 ; vi, 365.— BLAND, Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. Y., viii, p. 160 (1865).— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 13, f. 115 a, l—Ccdo- centrum clava Pfr., FISCH. & CROSSED Moll. Mex. i, p. 346, pi. 15, f. 14.— STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 57, pi. 5, f. 10; pi. 14, f. 8. —v. MARTENS, Biologia, p. 270, with var. rufescens, p. 271, pi. 16, f. 2 (Nov., 1897). "Very near C. turris but smaller, varying in total length from 40 to 57 mm., and in the breadth of the penultimate whorl from 9 to 10 mm. Number of preserved whorls 15-20. ' ' Pfeiffer 's description is given above, and his type figures are copied on pi. 12, figs. 11, 12, representing a specimen with the maximum number of whorls and largest size mentioned in the original description. This narrow, markedly cylindric form must be considered the type. A smaller specimen, also narrow, is figured by Strebel from Pfeiffer's collection. On pi. 14, figs. 26, 27, 1 figure a Chiapas specimen in the collection of the Academy. It is corneous- white, with only 12 whorls, and measures, length 32%, diam. Sy2 mm. Another specimen is light reddish-brown, with 13 whorls 40 COELOCENTRUM. remaining, and measures, length 37, diam. 9% mm. The in- ternal column is very strongly swollen below the middle within each whorl, abruptly contracted below the swelling, and is sculptured with very irregularly spaced, more or less serrate lamellae, which within the penultimate whorl are chiefly broken into white granules. Var. rufescens v. Mart. PI. 12, fig. 8. Smaller and more cylindrical, pale reddish-brown, the aper- ture more protracted (3% mm.) and comparatively smaller. Length 42 mm. ; diam. of the penultimate whorl 8, largest diam. (third whorl before the last) 8^2 mm. ; preserved whorls 15; aperture 6 mm. long, 5l/2 broad. Mexico, Patel coll. (v. Martens}. This form seems to differ but slightly if at all from typical clav a Pfr., though it is unlike the clava of Crosse & Fischer in contour. Var. ATTENUATUM (Pfeiffer) . PI. 12, figs. 9, 10. Shell deeply rimate, swollen-turreted, rather thin, closely arcuate-costulate, diaphanous, corneous. Spire attenuated above, the apex entire, obtuse. Suture margined; whorls 27, a little convex, the last narrower, shortly free, obsoletely thread-carinate below the middle; base compressed. Aper- ture a little oblique, suboval, somewhat channelled at the base ; peristome continuous, whitish, narrowly reflexed, the colu- mellar margin dilated, spreading. Length 41, diam. 9 mm.; greatest length of aperture, inside, 4^, width 3% mm. (Pfr.). Chiapas, Mexico (Ghiesbreght). Cylindrella attenuata PFR., Malak. Blatt. iii, 1856, p. 258 ; Conchyl. Cab., pi. 9, f. 1,.2; Monogr. iv, p. 698.— CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll. Mex., p. 404. The type of this species was an individual with the apex entire, such as occurs rarely among normally decollate cylin- drellas. I am disposed to place under attenuatum the shell figured as clava by Crosse & Fischer (pi. 12, fig. 13), as well as some of the specimens before me, which differ from typical clav a in their greater attenuation above. One of these is pale brownish, with 19 whorls remaining, and measures, length 39!/2, diam. 9 mm. COELOCENTRUM. 41 C. FISTULARE (Morelet) . PL 9, figs. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. Shell narrowly rimate, -cylindric-turreted, rather thin, sub- diaphanous, very densely arcuate-striate, but little shining, gray-whitish. Spire attenuated above, rather widely trun- cate ; suture impressed, Ijghtly submarginate-crenate, whorls remaining 11 to 12, subequal, slightly convex, the last scarcely receding under the penultimate, free in front, shortly pro- tracted, compressed-carinate above and at the base, thread- keeled a little below the middle. Aperture oblique, irregu- larly subtetragonal-oval, dull whitish inside; peristome con- tinuous, narrowly expanded and a little reflexed throughout, whitish ; left margin forming an angle with the horizontal pa- rietal and with the basal margins, outer margin very much arched. Foramen of the truncate spire rather wide, slightly perspective. Length 28, diam. 8 mm. Aperture 5 mm. long, 5 wide. (C.&F.). Northern Guatemala: forests of Peten (Morelet) ; Vera Paz (Salvin) ; Golan (Sarg). Cylindrella fistularis MORELET, Test. Noviss. i, p. 10, no. 12. — PFR., Monogr. iii, p. 569 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 38, pi. 4, f . 21, 22. — Coclocentrum fistulare Fisch. & Crosse, Moll. Mex. i, p. 343, pi. 15, f. 12, 12 a.— STREBEL, Beitrag iv, p. 58, pi. 6, f. 2: pi. 14, f. 1 A, B. — MARTENS, Biologia, p. 272. — Cylindrella arc- tispira TRISTRAM, P. Z/S. 1863, p. 412 (not of Pfr.). Very near C. tomacella, but differing in the gray-whitish color, more lustreless shell, usually smaller size, slightly less swollen shape, and subtetragonal rather than subtriangular aperture. It has fewer whorls, slightly less fine striation, and finally a narrower umbilical fissure. These differences, found by Crosse and Fischer on comparing the types of both species, are rather elusive, and in actual practice probably of little value. Probably C. fistulare should be subordinated to toma- cella as a mere race or variety. Strebel, who examined speci- mens brought by Sarg from Coban, states that the sculpture scarcely differs from that of tomacella. The whorls are very feebly convex. The internal column is strongly swollen, with fine and serrate lamellae in the upper whorls, later increasingly stronger, so that in the middle whorls the serrations are almost 42 COELOCENTRUM. knot-like. Crosse & Fischer's figures of the type are copied on my plate 9, figs. 17, 18. Pfeiffer's figures of a form pos- sibly referable to the next species are also given, figs. 19, 20. C. ARCTISPIRA (Pfeiffer). PI. 14, figs. 33-36. Shell rimate, cylindric-turreted, Jbroadly truncate, rather solid, closely subarcuate-ribbed, somewhat opaque, whitish- suture deep, subnodulose, whorls remaining 18, narrowly coiled, convex, the last narrower, thread-carinate, shortly pro- tracted forward. Aperture small, oblique, obliquely oval: peristome continuous, glossy, narrowly reflexed throughout, the left margin laterally produced. Length 38, diam. 10 mm. ; oblique length of aperture 6%, width 6 mm. (P/r.). Juquila, State of Oaxaca (Boucard, type locality) ; Istapa, State of Tabasco (Salle). Var. estefania at Quilate, Agua Calient e, and Arroyo del Banco, all in the environs of Misantla, V. C. (Dona Estefania Salas). Cylindrella arctospira PFR., P. Z. S. 1860, p. 139, pi. 50, f. 2 (see below under C. aristispica) . — Cylindrella arctispira PFR., Malak. Blatter viii, p. 81 ; Monogr. Hel. Viv. vi, p. 377 ; vii, p. 438. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 14, f. 123. — Ccclocentrum arctispirum C. & F., Moll. Mex. i, p. 348, pi. 15, f. 15.— Mar- tens, Biol. Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 271. — ?STREBEL, Beitrag iv, p. 58, pi. 6, f. 4 (shell) ; pi. 14, f. 3 (internal axis) ; pi. 11, f. 9, 15; pi. 13, f. 10 (anatomy). The original description is given above, and the original fig- ure is copied in my fig. 33 of pi. 14. This figure corresponds with the original description neither in size nor the number of whorls given by Pfeiffer, and therefore does not represent the type specimen. In size, the figure given by Sowerby (pi. 14, fig. 34) comes near Pfeiffer 's measurements, though a little larger, and it has the same number of whorls. Probably it is the type. This figure, however, shows a strongly ribbed shell unlike the forms figured by Crosse & Fischer and by Strebel. C. arctispira as identified by Fischer and Crosse, from spec- imens collected by Salle at Istapa, State of Tabasco (pi. 14, figs. 35, 36), measures, length 36, diam. 10 mm., apert. with perist. 6 mm. long, 5 wide; whorls 17. It is quite solid but sufficiently translucent to show the internal column indis- COELOCENTRUM. 43 tinctly through the shell; sculptured with close and distinctly arcuate riblets ; light fawn-colored. The internal structure is unknown, and the identity of the form with Pfeiffer's type is not unquestionable. Cylindrella aristispica "Pfr. MS." of Sowerby, 1875, was based upon the specimen figured as arctispira in the Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, pi. 50, fig. 2 (my pi. 14, fig. 33), although this identity was not recognized by Sowerby and has not hitherto been announced. The status of C. arctispira being uncertain, as explained above, that of Sowerby 's species (the name of which is probably due to the misreading of a label) aAvaits examination of the types. Sowerby 's description follows: "Shell solid, rather pyramidal, tumid below the middle, olive-brown striped with reddish-brown, regularly striated, contracted above, rather ventricose in the middle and below; permanent whorls 16, depressed, last contracted, notched [rimate] ; aperture roundish, margin thick, round, columella slightly plaited. Habitat unknown." (Sowb.) "Cyl. aristispica Pfr. ?MS. Brit. Mus.," SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 1, f. 5 (1875) ; C. aritispica Pfr., SOWERBY, in in- dex to Cylindrella. — C. aristispira Sowerby, v. MARTENS, Biologia, Moll.,p. 272. Var. ESTEFANIAE nov. PL 14, figs. 28, 29, 30, 31, 32. The specimens from Quilate, Agua Caliente and Arroyo del Banco, all near Misantla, reported by Strebel, have a feeble satin sheen, are but little transparent, and dirty yellowish or yellowish-brown in color, with sparse, narrow, somewhat darker growth-streaks. The shell is more or less tapering above, and has 17 to 20 whorls remaining, which are moder- ately convex and proportionately lower than in C. tomacella. The last whorl shows the umbilical keel only slightly, but the dorsal keel or cord is distinctly developed; it runs free some- what longer than in tomacella and fistulare, but does not de- scend. The external sculpture consists of fine closely placed scarcely arcuate ribs, of which there are about 200 on the broadest (9 mm.) whorl. The axial tube is comparatively broad, only moderately swollen within each whorl. The lamellae upon its outer surface are similar to those of C. toma- 44 COELOCENTRUM. cella, only standing somewhat closer, and in part stronger (see pi. 14, fig. 31). At the suture a fine thread-like thickening may be distinctly seen. The aperture is similar to that of C. tomacella; the peristome is white, the interior dirty yellow in the paler specimen, reddish-brown in the darker ones. The columellar fold is not visible from the front. The umbilicus is not wholly closed, there being a small chink left. In the absence of information upon the internal structure of the types of Pfeiffer and the specimens described by Crosse & Fischer, it is impossible to say what relations exist between either of them and the specimens described by Strebel; but from the finer sculpture of the latter, I am disposed to believe that they will prove specifically distinct from Pfeiffer 's type in the Cumingian collection. C. DISPAR n. sp. PL 17, figs. 16, 17, 18, 19. Shell deeply rimate, cylindric-fusiform, attenuated above, thin, a little translucent, light brown. Surface but little shin- ing, very densely, closely and regularly rib-striate, the riblets strongly arcuate, becoming still finer and closer on the last half whorl, about seven in the space of one mm. on the front of the penultimate whorl. Whorls remaining a trifle over 11, very convex, the last but little narrower than the preceding, having only a slight, obtuse angle in place of the umbilical keel, and with no trace of a cord bounding the base; moder- ately protracted forward. Aperture oblique, irregularly rounded, brown inside ; peristome very light brown, expanded and narrowly subreflexed throughout, the upper margin straightened, left margin somewhat dilated. Columellar fold visible deep within, obliquely entering. Length 30, diam. (of third and fourth whorls from the base) 9 mm.; longest (oblique) axis of the aperture 5%, width 5% nim. Internal column large (33/2 mm. wide), strongly swollen below the middle within each whorl, irregularly sculptured with rather low ribs, which are smooth or but weakly serrate, and do not pass below the convexity of the tube. They be- come shorter in earlier whorls, are confined to the convexity in the fifth from the base, and are wanting in still earlier COELOCENTRUM. 45 whorls, the tube being smooth, with some opaque whitish streaks. Guatemala. Well distinguished by the narrowly coiled and very convex whorls, which are much less numerous than in any of the forms referred to C. arctispira. The sculpture, moreover, is far finer than described for that species, being slightly finer than in tomacella. C. fistulare, which agrees in size with C. dispar, is described as with slightly convex whorls, while in dispar the convexity is very conspicuous. The individual whorls are shorter or lower than in fistulare, and the free por- tion of the last whorl does not descend. Possibly Pfeiffer's figures of fistulare pertain to C. dispar. Fig. 17 represents the sculpture of the front of the penultimate whorl. C. ASTROPHOREA Dall. Shell pale yellow-brown, decollate, with 15 remaining whorls, the first six of which taper, while the rest are sub- equal; suture distinct, minutely channelled, or with a sharp edged thread on each side of it, surface polished with con- cavely flexuous small ribs with wider interspaces, on which is visible obscure spiral striation; last whorl keeled below, pro- jecting, aperture rounded-triangular, slightly reflected, sim- ple; axis large, pervious except at the base; within the whorl with a medial keel on each side of which it is excavated and vertically ribbed, while from the junction of keel and ribs small spines like the rays of a star project into the lumen of the whorl. Alt. 30, max. diam. 7, aperture 4.7 mm. (Dall). Encarnacion, State of Hidalgo, Mexico (E. W. Nelson). C. astrophorea DALL, Nautilus xi, p. 62 (October, 1897). — "C. acanthophorea Dall," v. MARTENS, Biologia Centrali Americana, Moll., p. 634 (Feb., 1901). Though the spines [upon the internal pillar] are obviously merely an evolution from the usual nodes, they are remark- able, and hitherto unrecorded in any species. (Dall). C. LUDERSI (Pfeiffer). Shell perforate, oblong-cylindrical, widely truncate, rather solid, finely and subarcuately striate, fleshy-whitish, whorls remaining 8, flat, joined by a linear suture, the last provided with a strongly projecting keel. Aperture slightly oblique, 46 COELOCENTRUM, SECT. LIOCENTRUM. subangular-pirif orm ; peristome white-calloused, interrupted, shortly reflexed, the columellar margin subvertical, within slightly folded above. Length 22%, diam. 8% mm.; oblique length of aperture 5, width 4 mm. (Pfr.) Cyl liidersi PFR., Monogr. Hel. Viv. iv, p. 712 (1859) ; Malak. Bl. xxiii, p. 217. Said to be from S. Domingo (Liider's coll.). In his review of the Monographia Pfeiffer states that this species '" differs from the rest of the Coalocentrums in that the hollow internal column shows also an external perforation at the base." The species has not been figured, and the interrupted peristome seems an unusual character for this genus. If really a Coelo- centrum, as Pfeiffer states, the locality, given with doubt by Pfeiffer, must be erroneous. Section LIOCENTRUM Pilsbry, 1902. This group differs from typical Ccelocentrum in wanting riblets or lamellae upon the smooth internal pillar, which may be either cylindric or swollen within each whorl. Type C. filicosta (Shuttl.). See under C. filicosta for description of the apex (pi. 18, fig. 38). I. Rather small species, diam. 6y2-^V2 mm., length 22-30 mm. ; ribs rather widely spaced, the intervals spirally striate. a. Internal pillar swollen within each whorl; riblets well spaced. C. filicosta, p. 47. 5. Internal pillar cylindric; riblets a little closer. C. crosseanum, p. 47. II. Larger forms, diam. about 14 mm. ; costulae of the outer surface numerous and feeble. C. championi, p. 49 ; C. clathratum, p. 49. Strebel has already remarked that in this group there are some opaque white lines in the substance of the smooth col- umn, taking the place of costulae on the internal pillar. In the last two species the internal column is described as with very faint costulae, and in championi at least it is figured by von Martens as remarkably slender, almost like that of Eucalodium (pi. 9, f. 14). COELOCENTRUM, SECT. LIOCENTRUM. 47. The exact affinities of C. championi and dathratum remain to be determined. C. CROSSEANUM (Pfeiffer). PL 17, figs. 26, 27, 28, 29. Shell deeply rimate, cylindric, tapering above, rather solid, chestnut colored. Surface glossy, sculptured with arcuate riblets, about 5 in the space of 2 mm. on the antepenultimate whorl, somewhat closer on the penult, and becoming crowded on the latter part of the last whorl, the intervals much wider than the ribs, and sculptured with coarse, obliquely spiral, descending striae. Whorls remaining 10 to 1Q1/2, convex, the last free in front, rounded basally, the base bounded by a low. mm. beyond the suture, obliquely oval, somewhat angulated above and below ; peristome thin, a little expanded. Length of the truncate shell 54, diameter 14 mm. ; aperture 12 long, 9 broad, (v. Mart.) W. Guatemala: Hacienda Buenavista in Upper Cholhuitz, Costa Cuca, at an elevation of 3500 feet above the sea. (0. Stoll.) 50 COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. ELASMOCENTRUM. C. clathratum v. MART., Biologia, Moll., p. 269, pi. 16, f . 29, a-c, 30 (Nov., 1897). Subgenus ELASMOCENTRUM Pilsbry, 1902. Like typical Coclocentrum in the general form of the shell and the large, hollow internal column ; but the latter is smooth externally, and in the last two whorls there runs a spiral lamella like that developed in Anisospira. C. EXLEX n. sp. PI. 17, figs. 20, 21, 22, 23. Shell deeply rimate and perforate, cylindric-fusiform, the upper third tapering, last whorl distinctly contracted under the penultimate, fourth whorl from the last widest; rather thin, whitish flesh-tinted. Surface lustreless, sculptured with irregular, strongly arcuate riblets, about 6 to 7 in the space of a mm. on the front of the penultimate whorl, about 4 on the front of the last whorl. Whorls remaining ] 214, ver7 convex and very narrowly coiled, the last rounded basally and above, girt by a low cord bounding the base ; becoming free in front. Aperture oblique, almost circular, brownish inside; the peri- stome expanded, narrowly subreflexed. Length 23, diam. 7.6 length of aperture 4, width 4.5 mm. Internal column large, its greatest diam. about 3 mm., white, polished and without longitudinal sculpture. Within each whorl it is concave, becoming convex near the base, not con- tracted below the convexity. Within the last and penultimate whorls it is encircled close to the base by a sharp and rather strong spiral lamella, the lower end of which may be seen weakly appearing in an oblique view in the mouth. Mexico, exact locality unknown. With the narrow whorls and rather coarse sculpture of typ- ical C. arctospira, this species differs conspicuously in the far smaller number of whorls retained. The interior of typical C. arctospira is unknown, but the form referred to that species by Strebel. has a pillar with longitudinal sculpture, totally unlike the column of this species, which stands unique in the genus, and indeed closely approaches that of Anisospira. The detail figure of sculpture (fig. 23) represents the front of the last and penult, whorls. COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. SPARTOCENTRUM. 51 Subgenus SPARTOCENTRUM Dall, 1895. flpartocentrum DALL, Nautilus ix, p. 51, type C. irregulare Gabb. — Teneritia J. MABILLE, Bulletin de la Soc. Philoma- thique de Paris (8), ix, 1896-1897, p. 79, types Berendtia digueti and B. minorina Mab. Shell many-whorled, slender, cylindric below, tapering above, retaining the apex entire. Apex bulbous, the first 2% whorls vertically costellate, following 2 whorls decussated, granose, subsequent whorls ribbed, the last with no trace of a subperipheral cord, adnate or becoming free. Internal axis hollow, smooth, somewhat sinuous within each whorl, having a spiral swelling or convexity. Type C. irregulare. The species of this group are all from the arid plateau of the central portion of Lower California. They differ from the geographically separated Mexican group in retaining the early whorls in adult life, in the special sculpture of these whorls, and in the attenuation of the shell, which approaches Epirobia in form. Berendtia has similar apical sculpture, but differs in the very slender and imperf orate axis. Key to Species. I. Last whorl in contact with the preceding one to the aper- ture, the upper margin of the peristome adnate. irregulare, p. 51. II. Last whorl becoming free in front. 1. No interstitial striae between the riblets. a. Whorls 21-22 in a length of 23.5 mm. ; diam. 2.7 mm. ; riblets on penult, whorl about 47. eisenianum, p. 55. I. Whorls 16i/2-18i/2 in a length of 24-25 mm.; diam. 4.5 mm. ; riblets about 62 on penult, whorl. minorinum v. gabbi, p. 54. 2. Striae in the intervals between riblets ; whorls 19-20 ; length 3Q1/2-33 ; diam. 5 mm. digueti, p. 56. C. IRREGULARE ( Gabb) . PL 13, figs. 15, 16 ; pi. 17, fig. 24. Shell rimate, narrowly umbilicate or perforate, cylindric- tapering, thin; white or pale reddish-brown in the bleached 52 COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. SPARTO CENTRUM. specimens known. Regularly ribbed, the ribs about as wide as the intervals, a little arcuate, and about 4 in the length of a mm. on the penultimate whorl. Number of whorls unknown, as those with fully-formed apertures are decollate, with no closing septum above, and therefore it is impossible to state whether the shell is normally subject to autotomy or has an entire spire. In the type specimen (fig. 15) there are nearly 12 whorls; in another, more perfect individual (pi. 17, fig. 24) there are 13, and judging by allied species, about six have been broken off. "Whorls convex, the last having the Base a little flattened and smoother, or strongly convex with undiminished ribbing, a cord running around the verge of the umbilical area, but with no subperipheral cord. Aperture subvertical, rounded below, straightly truncate above. Peristome well expanded, the columellar margin broadly dilated, parietal margin adnate to the preceding whorl. The internal pillar is smooth, somewhat sigmoid within each whorl, there being a strong median spiral bulging or swelling. The hole above has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. in a specimen broken to 3% whorls (fig. 16). Length (broken) 19, diam. 4.2 mm. (type). Length (broken) 21.6, diam. 4.8, longest axis of apert. 4, width 4 mm. Muleje, on the east coast of Lower California, below 27 de- grees latitude, under loose volcanic rocks (W. M. Gabb). Cylindrella (Urocoptis) irregularis GABB, Amer. Journ. of Conch, iii, p. 238 (in part), pi. 16, f. 4 (Jan. 2, 1868).— C. (Gongylostoma) irregularis BINNEY, Land and Fresh-water Shells of N. A., i, p. 23, fig. 17.— PER., Monogr., viii, p. 448.— Holospira irregularis TRYON, Amer. Journ. Conch, iii, p. 313, pi. 21 (15), fig. 30; Monogr. Terrestr. Moll. U. S., p. 140, pi. 15, f. 30. — Ccelocentrum irregulare FISCHER & CROSSE, Moll. Mex., i, p. 349, pi. 17, f. 10 (fragment).— PILSBRY, Proc. A. N. S, Phila., 1900, pp. 553, 554, f . 3, 4. Differs from other Lower Californian species in having the last whorl adnate to the preceding to the aperture, with no tendency to become free. The aperture is but slightly oblique, and differs from the other species in shape. There are 58 COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. SPARTOCENTRUM. 53 riblets on the penultimate whorl of the specimen shown in fig. 16. Gabb's description, with all the others cited above except the last reference, was composite, as he had two very distinct species mixed in his type lot. As much, if not more, of the description applies to C. minorinum var. gabbi as to the pres- ent species ; but as the figure given by Gabb himself, by Tryon and those by Binney were all drawn from one specimen (drawn in my fig. 15 of pi. 13), I have considered it best to accept this as the type, as Gabb manifestly selected it as such. In my former work on this species I mentioned four frag- mentary specimens in the type lot ; but on further examination I find that two of these belong to one individual, which has now been mended, and is shown in fig. 24 of pi. 17. The lower part of the same shell was drawn in fig. 16 of pi. 13. J. G. Cooper, in the American Journal of Conchology, iv, 1868, p. 212, footnote, states that "Mr. R. H. Stretch has re- cently brought from near Carson Valley, Nevada, latitude 39 degrees, fossils, or rather casts, closely resembling the Holo- spira newcombiana and H. irregularis Gabb of Lower Cali- fornia. They occur, he says, in the same formation that con- tains Carinifex," etc. Nothing further is known of these fossils. C. MINORINUM (Mabille). Shell elevated, subcylindrical, deeply and narrowly rimate, toward the apex elongately attenuated, thin, pale buff, a little shining; apex obtuse, whitish, striate; four embryonic whorls ornamented with beautiful granulose spiral strige, visible only under a lens ; spire high, contracting below the apex ; provided with numerous regularly placed, nearly straight riblets ; inter- stices nearly smooth ; whorls 17, convex, regularly increasing, separated by deep sutures, the last whorl of equal width with the penultimate, a little compressed, angular toward the su- ture, very obtusely carinated on the back, solute, slightly de- scending; aperture a little oblique, angular above, ovate, obscurely channelled at base of the columella; peristome spreading, slightly thickened, continuous ; outer margin regu- 54 COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. SPAETO CENTRUM. larly curved, columellar margin patulous, everted in the mid- dle; columella twisted, slightly thickened. (Mdbille.) Plateaux above the arroyo de la Purissima, Lower Cali- fornia. (Diguet.) Berendtia minorina J. MABILLE, Bull. Soc. Philomath, de Paris (8), vii, 1895, p. 70.— Cf. PILSBRY, Proc. A. N. S., Phila., 1900, p. 551. No dimensions are given, and the species has not been fig- ured. The locality may be near the Mission de la Purissima, above the twenty-sixth parallel in W. longitude 112 degrees. Var. GABBI Pilsbry. PL 13, figs. 17, 18, 19. Shell very slender and lengthened, cylindrical below, taper- ing and attenuated above, retaining the apex perfect; thin, rather fragile, covered with a light brown cuticle; composed of 161/2-181/2 whorls, of which the initial one is globose, the earlier 4% form a cylindric or apically swollen portion; in- crease in the diameter of the shell beginning with the fifth whorl and continuing for about 6 whorls, the remaining whorls of about equal diameter; all whorls decidedly convex, sepa- rated by well-impressed sutures, the last somewhat more lengthened, a little flattened peripherally, its latter portion becoming free (Cylindrella-likQ), the solute portion variable in length, somewhat descending, decidedly carinated above, obtusely angular at base, with a slight spiral groove within the margin of the umbilical tract, the umbilicus pervious but small. Sculpture : earliest 2% whorls with close, fine, straight vertical riblets only, the next 2 whorls with the riblets cut into beads by spiral strias; following whorls with strong arcuate riblets separated by intervals of their own width, and about 62 in number on the next to the last whorl. Aperture irregularly ovate, decidedly oblique, its length contained about five and one-half times in that of the shell ; peristome thin, moderately expanded throughout, the inner margin dilated and obtusely angular in the middle ; columella slightly concave, a little exca- vated below. Internal column rather slender, smooth oblique and slightly gibbous below, less swollen within each whorl than in C. irregulare. COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. SPARTO CENTRUM. 55 Alt. 24.5, diam. of last whorl above aperture 4.5, longest axis of aperture 4.5 mm. ; diam. of second whorl of the apex 1.7 mm. High table-land of the interior of Lower California, espe- cially about Muleje (W. M. Gabb). Cylindrella irregularis GABB et al. in part. — Ccelocentrum minorinum var. gab~bi PILS., Proc. A. N. S., Phila., 1900, p. 551 (Nov. 10, 1900). Compared with C. irregulare Gabb, this form is somewhat more attenuated, with the latter part of the last whorl project- ing free, the aperture more oblique and of a wholly different form, strongly resembling that of Berendtia taylori. The rib- lets are more slender and threadlike. It differs from (7. digueti in being smaller, with fewer whorls, without sculpture between the riblets, and with scarcely any observable twist to the columella. It is evidently more nearly allied to C. minorinum; but the riblets are arcuate rather than "fere rec- tilineis;" only the third and fourth whorls have spiral granu- lose stride; the last whorl can hardly be said to be "versus suturam angulato, dorso obtusissime carinato;" the aperture is not "paululum obliqua," but decidedly oblique. Whether these differences indicate specific or varietal distinction can- not well be decided in the absence of a figure or dimensions of Mabille's species, or of specimens for comparison. The specimens were confused by Gabb with his C. irregu- laris. C. EISENIANUM Pilsbry. PL 13, figs. 20, 21, 22 ; pi. 17, fig. 25. Shell excessively slender and lengthened, the upper half much attenuated, retaining the apex in adult individuals; thin, rather fragile, light brown. Whorls 21-22, the first glo- bose, the second slightly wider, then decreasing slightly in calibre to the fifth ; the earlier 4% whorls thus forming a pu- poid or slightly club-shaped nepionic portion, below which the diameter slowly increases ; last 4 or 5 whorls of nearly equal diameter. All whorls strongly convex ; the last whorl a trifle flattened peripherally, its latter third becoming free and devi- ating tangentially somewhat, the free portion carinated above, having a cord-like keel around the umbilical region below. 56 COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. SPARTOCENTRUM. Umbilicus small. Sculpture: first 2y% whorls bearing very close, fine, delicate vertical riblets; next 2 whorls with these riblets cut into granules by spiral decussating lines ; following whorls with close, fine, slightly arcuate riblets, about 47 in number on the next to last whorl. Aperture decidedly ob- lique, rhombic, its length contained nearly eight times in that of the shell; peristome thin, continuous, slightly expanded throughout. Internal axis smooth, sinuous, strongly swollen near the base within each whorl. Alt. 23.5, diam. of last whorl above aperture 2.7, length of aperture 3 mm. ; diam. of second whorl of the apex 1.3 mm. Lower California (Fred. L. Button). C. eisenianum PILS., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 553 (Nov. 10, 1900). This species differs from C. minorinum var. gdbbi in the following respects : With the same length it has a much more slender form, more numerous and narrower whorls, coarser costulation and a smaller aperture. The apical whorls are, moreover, rather more club-shaped. It is not closely related to any other species known. In one specimen (pi. 17, fig. 25) the last whorl is more ex- tensively free in front, and descends much more. C. DIGUETI (Mabille). Shell subrimate-perforate, cylindric, tapering towards the apex, somewhat thin and rather fragile, a little opaque, desti- tute of cuticle, grayish-buff, scarcely shining; beautifully ornamented with obtuse, lamellose riblets, their interstices seen under a lens to be quite regularly set with very minute arcuate striae and riblets. Apex obtuse, mammillate; 4 to 5 embryonic whorls cancellated and beautifully granulose. Whorls 19-20, convex, slowly and regularly increasing, the last equal to the penultimate and slightly exceeding the ante- penultimate in width; separated by a deep suture; the last whorl free, rounded, slightly tapering, descending in front, carinated at its insertion, with a short, obtuse keel surround- ing the umbilical perforation. Aperture oval, angulate above, obscurely channelled below at the base of the columella. BERENDTIA. 57 Peristome free, expanded, thin, acute, the outer margin well arched, the spreading columellar margin somewhat covering the perforation. Columella twisted-arcuate, obscurely toothed at the base. Length 30% to 33, diam. 5 mm. (Mabille). Lower California: Plateau de San Zavier, 25 degrees N. lat. (Diguet). Berendtia digueti J. MABILLE, Bulletin de la Societe Philo- mathique de Paris, vii, 1894-1895, p. 70. Larger than the other Lower Californian species, having the last whorl free, and distinguished by its intercostal sculp- ture. The locality assigned may mean the Mission of San Xavier, near the parallel of 26 degrees N. lat. Genus BERENDTIA Crosse & Fischer, 1869. Berendtia C. & F., Journal de Conchyliologie, xvii, 1869, p. 191 ; xviii, 1870, p. 22 ; Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 300.— PFR., Monogr., viii, p. 450. Shell rimate turreted, straightly tapering to an obtuse rounded apex which is retained in adult shells. Whorls about 11, the first 2 vertically costellate, the next having the riblets cut into spiral series of granules (pi. 18, fig. 35) ; last whorl becoming free in front, acutely keeled above- Aperture ob- lique, semicircular-ovate, the peristome broadly expanded and subreflexed. Internal axis imperforate, very slender and weakly sigmoid within each whorl (pi. 18, fig. 34, penult, whorl) . The foot is short, acuminate behind, with a median longi- tudinal groove in a contracted state. The genital system is simple. Penis very long without noticeable dilation. The small rounded spermatheca is borne on a narrow duct as long as the penis. The nervous system resembles that of Eucalo- dium. The jaw (pi. 19, fig. 45) is very thin, arcuate, having 9-13 wide ribs separated by narrow, cross-striated intervals. The radula has 126 rows of 30.1.30 to 32.1.32 teeth, in nearly straight transverse rows. The centrals are tricuspid, lateral and marginal teeth bicuspid (pi. 19, figs. 46, 47). Type B. taylori Pfr. Table-land of Lower California. This genus resembles the closely related group Spartocen- 58 BERENDTIA. trum in the sculpture of the early whorls, which are retained in the adult stage in both groups. It is more like Eucalodium in the slender internal axis, but differs in the entire spire, the shape of the aperture and the ribbed jaw. B. TAYLORI (Pfeiffer) . PI. 18, figs. 30-36. Shell deeply creased in the umbilical region but imperfo- rate, turreted, regularly tapering, reddish-brown. Surface sculptured with strong curved and oblique riblets, the inter- vals densely and finely striate spirally. Whorls ll-ll1/^, but slightly convex, separated by an impressed suture, the last whorl free and descending in front, more or less angular at the periphery, having a rounded ridge at the base, and an acute keel above. Aperture irregularly ovate, angular above, the outer margin rounded, inner more straightened. Peristome continuous, broadly flaring. Length 48, diam. of last whorl above aperture 9 mm. ; long- est axis of aperture 12-13, breadth 10% mm. Length 49, diam. of last whorl above aperture 8 mm. ; long- est axis of aperture 12, breadth 10 mm. Length 46, diam. of last whorl above aperture 8 mm. ; long- est axis of aperture 12, breadth 10 mm. High table-lands of the interior of Lower California, espe- cially about Muleje, under loose volcanic rocks (W. M. Gabb). Clausiliaf (Baleaf) taylori PFR., P. Z. S., 1861, p. 27, pi. 2, f . 7 ; Malak. Blatt., 1861, p. 83 ; Monogr. Hel. Viv., vi, p. 516. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 1, f. 6. — Cylindrella (Uro- coptis) newcombiana GABB, Amer. Journ. of Conch., iii, p. 237, pi. 16, f. 3 (1867). — Holospira newcombiana Gabb, TRYON, A. J. Conch., iii, p. 314, pi. 21 (15), f. 33.— Cylindrella taylori Pfr., BINNEY, Land and Fresh-water Shells of N. A., i, p. 189, f. 328 (shell), 329 (teeth and jaw) .— Berendtia tay^ lori Pfr., CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conchyl., xvii, 1869, p. 191; xviii, 1870, p. 22, pi. 5, f. 11-17 (anatomy) ; Miss. Scient. au Mex., Moll., i, p. 304, pi. 14, f. 1 (shell), pi. 16, f. 1-4 (anatomy). Very distinct from other known forms. Pfeiffer 's type measures, length 47, diam. 8y2, aperture with peristome 13 EPIROBIA. 59 mm. long, 11 wide. There is some variation in the length of the free portion of the last whorl and in the proportion of breadth to length, sufficiently shown in the figures. Genus EPIROBIA Strebel & Pfeffer, 1880. Epirobia STREBEL, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna Mexi- kanischer Land- und Siisswasser-Conchylien, iv, pp. 77, 85r E. berendti, polygyra, morini-polygyrella, apiostoma. — PILS- BRY & VANATTA, Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1898, p. 281, type E. polygyra.- — Cylindrella and Holospira of some authors. Shell thin, brown or corneous, rimate, many-whorled, re- taining the apex complete ; slender and lengthened, attenuated above, with the last whorl straightened and shortly free, not carinate at the base. Apex obtuse, several succeeding whorls not increasing in diameter, smooth; following whorls striate or costulate (pi. 18, fig. 37). Internal axis rather slender but hollow, sculptured with longitudinal white streaks or irregular lamellae, or granules formed by their dislocation and inter- ruption. The genital system (pi. 19, fig. 48, E. apiostoma) is imper- fectly known from data obtained by Strebel & Pfeffer from a dried specimen. A branch of the main right retractor band is inserted on the atrium, and a long, band-like gland is accessory to the vagina. This gland is apparently lined with gigantic mucous cells (pi. 19, fig. 49), and its cavity communicates with that of the vagina. Only the lower portion of the sperma- thecal duct is shown. The penis has a stout retractor muscle laterally inserted, the vas def erens being apical. The jaw is unknown. The radula of E. polygyra (pi. 50, f. 6, 7) is strap-shaped, bearing 18.1.18 teeth in slightly curved and sinuous transverse rows, which near the edges become more oblique. The middle row consists of teeth with the basal plate short and square, the very broad, rounded middle cusp projecting beyond it, side cusps small, 'basal, and separated from the mesocone. The adjacent lateral teeth are similar except that the entocone is wanting. The passage from lat- eral to marginal teeth takes place by the large cusp becoming more acute, then developing an inner spur or entocone, which 60 EPIROBIA. gradually becomes larger. On the middle and outer mar- ginals the ectocone is split, the teeth being thus low and wide, with two deeply bifid cusps, not differing much in length. In E. lerendti (pi. 20, fig. 4) Strebel shows somewhat pointed mesocones, the central tooth with the ectocones con- crescent with the main cusp. Formula 27.1.27. I have some doubts of the correctness of the figure, and strongly suspect that Strebel transposed the radulce of E. berendti and Holo- spira goldfussi. Type, E. polygyra (Pfr.) . Distribution, eastern and south- ern Mexico (States of Vera Cruz and Chiapas) and northern Guatemala. This group is related to Holospira, differing chiefly in the greater attenuation and lengthening of the shell, and espe- cially in the more slender early whorls. The radula however is more and differently specialized in Epirofoia, both ento- and ecto-cones being developed in the teeth of the median field, basal in position and separated from the very large, rounded mesocones; while in Holospira the teeth of the median field have single, simple, conic cusps. The Lower Californian group Spartocentrum has the same general contour, persistent spire and hollow axis, but in that group the early whorls are sculptured and the internal pillar smooth, while in Epirobia the nepionic shell is smooth and the pillar roughened. There is great external resemblance to the species of Brachypodella inhabiting the same districts, but these have a slender, imper- forate axis, and a keeled base, while Epirobia has a hollow axis and a rounded base. Crosse & Fischer and von Martens seem to have been unaware of the difference in internal struc- ture, as they mingle the species of Brachypodella and Epirobia without regard to it. Strebel fully grasped the significance of the structure of Epirobia in his work of 1880. The internal pillar has sculpture fundamentally like Ccelo- stemma and even more like typical Ccelocentrum; but the rib- lets have been much interrupted, so that in some species they are hardly recognizable as such. The genital system requires re-examination with fresh ma- terial, Strebel's work thereon having been based upon dried EPIROBIA. 61 animals, at best an unsatisfactory basis for critical work, even in the hands of so skillful an operator. The specialization of both shell and radula seem to me to make a union of this genus with Holospira unnatural. Key to Species of Epirobia. I. Diameter contained 4-5 times, and longest axis of aperture 5-5 1/2 times in length of the shell. 1. Whorls 14 ; 12% x 3 mm. ; very closely rib-striate. E. berendti, p. 61. 2. Whorls 17 ; 14 x 3 mm. ; very closely and finely hair- striate. E. gassiesi, p. 63. II. Diam. contained 6-8 times, and aperture 8-10 times in length of shell. 1. Whorls 21 ; 18 x 2% mm. ; minutely rib-striate, the striae white, absent in places. E. swiftiana. p. 62. 2. Whorls 22-24 ; 16 x 2 to 17 x 2% mm. ; finely arcuate- striate. E. apiostoma, p. 63. 3. Whorls 22 ; 14 x 21/4 mm. ; whorls very short ; closely arcuate-striate. E. polygyrella, p. 65. 4. Whorls 24-27; 17-19 x 2y2 mm.; fine thread-like striae. E. polygyra, p. 64. E. BERENDTI (Pfeiffer) . PI. 20, figs. 1, 2, 3. Shell deeply rimate, subperforate, cylindric-turreted, very closely rib-striate, slightly silky, violaceous-brown; spire en- tire, the apex subacute, pale; suture deep. Whorls 14, con- vex, the last becoming free, shortly produced forward, cylin- drical, somewhat compressed dorsally. Aperture slightly oblique, rounded, subangular above; peristome continuous, a little expanded throughout. Length 12%, diam. 3 mm. ; long- est axis of aperture 2% mm. (Pfr.). Toxpan (Tuxpan) , on the slope of the mountain Matlagui- ahuitl, near Cordova, State of Vera Cruz (Berendt). Cylindrella berendti PFRV Malak. Blatt., xiii, 1866, p. 87; Monogr., vi, p. 381. — FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 409. — Epirobia berendti Pfr., STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 86, pi. 13, f. 1; pi. 14, f. IS.— Holospira berendti Pfr., 62 EPIROBIA. MARTENS, Biologia, Moll., p. 281.— C. b. var. aibida F. & C., t. c., p. 409. — E. berendti, specimens from Chiapas, STREBEL, t. c., p. 86, pi. 3, f. 7. Pfeiffer's type in Dohrn's collection has been examined by Strebel. It is of a brownish-horn more or less dark color, on which the fine riblets stand sharply out, their crests being bluish- white or whitish. This white thickening often does not extend over the whole extent of the rib, and frequently is interrupted, when the ribs are not only less conspicuous to the eye, but are really flatter. Quite exceptionally single or sev- eral ribs are omitted. The axial tube has no inflations, but there are thickened whitish striae and traces of the oblique, short series of lamellae or long grains. Var. aibida (Fisch. & Crosse). Color whitish instead of violaceous brown. Length 12, diam. 3 mm. State of Chiapas (Dr. Berendt). The dentition has been figured by Strebel (see pi. 20, fig. 4; the basal plates are not visible owing to the strong imbrication of the cusps). The formula is 17.10.1.10.17x200. In my opinion this radula belongs to Holospira goldfussi, having been transposed by error. E. SWIFTIANA (Crosse). PI. 20, figs. 20, 21, 22. Shell slightly rimate, fusiform-turreted, elongate, thin, sub- pellucid, sculptured with very close, minute, whitish, arcuate riblets, here and there obsolete, showing the ground-color of the shell, which is quite glossy and corneous-brown ; an alternation of brown and white, dull and glossy, being thereby produced. Spire slender, entire, the apex rounded, submammillate ; suture impressed. Whorls 21, convex, the first l1/^ smooth, glossy, brown, the rest narrow, the last whorl rather shortly free, a little protracted downwards, obsoletely subangular above and below. Aperture subangulate-rounded, slightly oblique, pale chestnut inside; peristome continuous, shortly expanded and a little reflexed throughout, whitish. Length 18, diam. 2y2, longest axis of aperture 2 mm. (Crosse). Mexico? EPIROBIA. 63 Cylindrella swiftiana CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., xi, 1863, p. 388 ; xv, 1867, p. 200, pi. 5, f . 5.— FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 407, pi. 17, f. 14.— PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 370. — Holospira siviftiana Cr., MARTENS, Biologia, p. 284. The internal column is unknown. It seems most closely related to E. ~berendti, but has more whorls and finer sculp- ture, is more slender, and the free portion of the last whorl is longer. Named in honor of Robert Swift. E. GASSIESI (Pfeiffer) . PL 20, figs. 5, 6, 7. Shell deeply and shortly rimate, fusiform-subulate, rather thin, very finely and densely hair-striate, whitish-corneous. Spire subulate, the apex entire, rather acute; suture simple. Whorls 17, a little convex, subequal, the last free in front, carinate above, slightly tapering downward and rounded at the base. Aperture slightly oblique, obliquely angular-oval; peristome continuous, very narrowly expanded throughout. Length 14, diam. 3 mm. ; aperture 2^> mm. in oblique length (Pfr.). Chiapas, Mexico (Bland). Cylindrella gassiesi PFR,, Journ. de Conchyl., xv, 1867, p. 438; Monographia Hel. Viv., vi, p. 376. — FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 410, pi. 17, f. 17.— Holospira gassiesi Pfr., MARTENS, Biol., p. 283. This species has fewer whorls than any of the genus except E. berendti. The internal axis has not been examined. E. APIOSTOMA (Pfeiffer). PI. 20, figs. 12, 13, 14, 15. Shell subrimate, subulate, subarcuately striatulate, diapha- nous, whitish-corneous. Spire regularly tapering, the apex entire, rather acute. Whorls 22-24, a little convex, the last shortly protracted, angular above, more distinctly striate be- low. Aperture subvertical, obliquely pear-shaped; peristome white, somewhat reflexed throughout, the right margin some- what sinuous above. Length 17, diam. 2Vs, oblique length of aperture 2 mm. (Pfr.) . Cordova, State of Vera Cruz (Salle) ; at the entrance of the cave of Cacahuatl (Hoge). 64 EPIROBIA. Cylindrella apiostoma PFR., P. Z. S., 1856, p. 322 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 32, pi. 8, f . 3-5 ; Monogr., iv, p. 703 ; vi, 376 ; viii, 435. —FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 406, pi. 17, f. 15. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 15, f. 129. — Epirobia apiostoma Pfr., STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 88, pi. 5, f. 6 (shell), pi. 13, f. 11 (genitalia). — Holospira apiostoma Pfr., MARTENS, Biologia, p. 283, pi. 17, f . 4. Pfeiffer's description is given above. Strebel, who exam- ined the types in Dohrn 's collection, gives the length of one of them as 16.6, diam. 2.4, length of mouth 2.2 mm., whorls 23. The specimen figured by Crosse and Fischer was a little smaller, as are several before me, received from Salle, two of which measure : Length 16, diam. hardly 2, longest axis of aperture 1.7 mm. ; whorls 22. Length 15%; diam. 2, longest axis of aperture 1.5 mm.; whorls 22. However, Strebel's photographic figure of the Pfeifferian type gives a breadth of 2 with a length of 16% mm., with the mouth certainly less than 2 mm. ; so that it would seem certain that his published measurements are erroneous. Those of Pfeiffer, too, indicate diameter and length of mouth as too large for his own figures. The apex, as in all the group, is obtuse, and usually a num- ber of the early whorls are very pale colored, as though aban- doned by the viscera. All the whorls are decidedly convex. The free portion of the last whorl is somewhat flattened on its outer and upper surfaces, producing a decidedly ovate or somewhat pear-shaped outline of the aperture, which is quite characteristic. The slender axial tube bears irregular oblique laminae, some of which are smooth or nearly so, while others are coarsely serrate. In the last whorl there are only oblique white veins in the substance of the pillar (pi. 20, fig. 15) . E. POLYGYRA (Pfeiffer). PL 20, figs. 11, 16, 17, 18, 19. Shell deeply rimate, subulate, thin, fleshy-whitish. Sur- face lustreless, sculptured with arcuate, thread-like riblets separated by spaces of fully double their own width. Whorls EPIROBIA. 65 24 to 27, very convex, especially below the suture; the last shortly free in front, tapering to the rounded base. Aperture subvertical, rounded-ovate, the orifice pear-shaped; peristome rather broadly expanded, somewhat reflexed, much narrower and somewhat retracted at the upper outer angle. Internal column slender, more or less swollen within each of the lower whorls, nearly cylindric above, the swollen por- tion roughened by acute granules, indistinctly arranged in descending series (pi. 20, fig. 11). Length 19, diam. 2.5, longest axis of apert. 2 mm.; whorls 27. Length 17, diam. 2.5, longest axis of apert. 2 mm.; whorls 25. Cordova, State of Vera Cruz (Salle). Cylindrella polygyra PFR., P. Z. S., 1856, p. 322 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 31, pi. 8, f . 6-8 ; Monogr., iv, p. 704.— FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., p. 405, pi. 17, f. 16. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 7, f. 5. — Epirobia polygyra Pfr., STREBEL, Bei- trag, iv, p. 87, pi. 5, f. 7 a, b, pi. 13, f. 2 (radula), pi. 14, f. 14 (axis).— PILSBRY & VANATTA, Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1898, p. 281, pi. 17, f. 2 (radula). — Holospira polygyra Pfr., MARTENS, Biologia, p. 284. Larger than E. apiostoma, with more whorls, much more prominent thread-like striae, and a more broadly expanded lip. E. POLYGYRELLA (v. Martens) . PI. 20, figs. 8, 9, 10. Shell subrimate, fusiform-subulate, closely arcuate costu- late, opaque, fleshy-gray; spire regularly tapering, the apex rather large, entire. Whorls 22, convex, the diameter exceed- ing double the alt., the last moderately free, rounded. Aper- ture slightly oblique, obliquely pear-shaped, the peristome expanded throughout, whitish. Length 14, diam. 21/4, diam. of aperture iy2 mm. (Mart.). The columellar axis is longitudinally costate, the costse being partly divergent and partly forked above; the lower half within each whorl is not particularly swollen (fig. 8) (v. Mart.). Northern Guatemala: Cohan, Vera Paz, copiously (Salvin, Sarg. et al.). Gtf HOLOSPIRA. Cylindrella polygyrella v. MART., P. Z. S., 1863, p. 411; Jahrb. d. Malak. Ges., iii, 1876, p. 261, pi. 9, f. 8.— PFR.^ Monogr., viii, p. 622.—Holospira polygyrella v. MART., Bio- logia Central! Americana, Moll., p. 284, pi. 17, f. 1, !«,&.— Epirobia morini STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 87, pi. 5, f . 3 ; pi. 13, f. 4 (radula) ; pi. 14, f. 15 A, B, c. Not C. morini Morelet. "Distinct from the preceding by its smaller size (length 14, in one specimen 17 mm.), the more convex and broader whorls (the visible part of the lower whorls 2% times as broad as high, instead of iy2-l2/3 times, as in E. polygyra), and the distinctly transverse, pear-shaped or triangular aperture" (v.Mart.). Strebel has figured the internal pillar as more rugose than shown in v. Martens' figure. The teeth of the radula, as figured by Strebel, resemble those of E. polygyra in form. Genus HOLOSPIRA von Martens, 1860. Accra ALBERS, Die Heliceen, 1850, p. 209. Not Akera Miiller, 1776, nor Acera Cuvier, 1810. — Holospira v. MARTENS in Alb., Die Hel., edit. 2, p. 39 (I860).— CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conchyl., 1870, p. 13 ; Miss. Scient. au Mex., Moll., i, p. 318. — STREBEL, Beitrag Mex. Land- und Siisswasser- Conch., iv, p. 82 (1880).— D ALL, Nautilus, ix> p. 50 (1895) ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xix, p. 346 (1897).— v. MARTENS, Bio- logia Centrali Amer., Moll., p. 273. Shell small, cylindric, terminating above in a conic spire, retaining all the whorls, rimate or perforate. Whorls 11-21, the first iy2 smooth, the rest smooth, striate or ribbed, closely coiled, the suture superficial; last whorl more or less built forward. Aperture small, obliquely pear-shaped, rounded or oval, the peristome expanded or reflected, continuous and usu- ally free throughout. Internal column hollow, variously sculptured or smooth. Type H. pilocerei Pfr. (holos, entire, and speira, spire). Geographic range extending from southern Mexico to Texas, Arizona and New Mexico ; but not reaching Lower California, or on the southeast, Guatemala. Confined chiefly to the ele- vated plateau, where they live under cacti, etc., in sunny places. HOLOSPIRA. 67 These snails can tolerate great heat. Living specimens of H. strebeliana and H. nelsoni sent me survived immersion in actually boiling water for some minutes. Unlike other snails, they did not retract in the water. They probably experience a high temperature in the exposed situations they inhabit. The present genus was first indicated by Albers in 1850, as a section of Cylindrella, under the name Acera. This name being preoccupied, Prof. E. von Martens in 1860 replaced it by the appropriate term Holospira, ' entire spire, ' alluding to the retention of the early whorls in this series, while they are generally lost in other members of the family. He included with them some species now referred to EpiroMa. The group was elevated to generic rank by MM. Crosse & Fischer in 1870, and we owe to these authors the first information upon jaw and teeth, and the observation that the axis is a hollow tube, as in Ccelocentrum. In 1865 Thomas Bland had recorded the presence of lamellae within the penultimate whorl of H. goldfussi, but no taxo- nomic use was made of this fact until the genus passed under the penetrating eye of Hermann Strebel, 1880. This able observer was apparently the first who was not deterred from cutting shells by the fear of injuring "specimens." His genius for taxonomy grasped the value of the internal char- acters in classification, and upon these characters he based the new groups Metastoma, Bostrichocentrum and Holospira in a restricted sense. Prof. William H. Dall (1895) amplified the classification along the lines initiated by Strebel ; and although there has been a considerable increase in the number of species since his classification was proposed, no material change therein, further than the restriction of Metastoma to its orig- inal limits, has been made in the present work, further re- search confirming his conclusions. The monographs of Crosse (Journal de Conchy liologie, 1892) and of von Martens (Biologia Centrali Americana, 1897) practically ignore internal characters. Though later in date, they are to be classed with the work preceding Strebel. Many species doubtless remain to be found. The list given by Crosse & Fischer in 1873 contains 13 ; Stearns, 1890, has 68 HOuOSPIRA. 16 ; Crosse, 1892, 16 species ; Dall, 1895, 22 species ; von Mar- tens, 1897, has 12 species (those from the United States being omitted) . The present work describes 28 species. Most of the forms are known from the type localities only ; and while the range of many of them will doubtless be ex- tended by further collections, it is obvious that they are much more restricted in habitat than most of the land snails of other families inhabiting the same regions. Though usually occur- ring in abundance where found, they seem to be exceedingly local. The only fossil species referable to this genus is the Puerco (lower Eocene) Holospira leidyi (Pupa leidyi MEEK, Sixth Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. of the Terr, for 1872, p. 517 ; 1873. WHITE, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 34, p. 27, pi. 5, f . 8, 9, 10 ; 1886), from near the town of Nacimiento, New Mexico, and also from the base of the Bridger or top of the Green River Group, 12 miles south of Fort Bridger, Wyoming. While not absolutely conclusive, this species seems to have all the fea- tures of Holospira, as Meek himself suspected. In New Mex- ico it occurs with Helix nacimientensis White, a form appa- rently referable to the Mexican genus Lysinoe, judging by the size, the circumumbilical angle, etc. Soft Anatomy of Holospira. The foot is small, narrow for its length, and in H. roemeri, dalli, strebeliana and nelsoni the sole is undivided. In several dried specimens of H. goldfussi Strebel discerned a very nar- row median band. The tail is depressed ; upper surface gran- ulose, with a prominent row of granules along the margins in H. goldfussi (pi. 19, fig. 54) according to Strebel. In the other species examined this is hardly noticeable (pi. 15, fig. 14, H. elizabetha) . At the angle of the mantle there are small righgt and left neck-processes in all the species examined (pi. 19, fig. 51, H. goldfussi) . Pallial organs. The lung is long and narrow. Kidney very narrowly triangular, being wider at the base, tapering ante- riorly, slightly longer than the pericardium (pi. 27, fig. 37, H. dalli x 4). There is apparently no secondary ureter. HOLOSPIBA. 69 Alimentary tract. The buccal mass is small, about twice as long as wide, the oesophagus opening well forward. Salivary glands not united, in H. roemeri rather short, and on short ducts (pi. 27, fig. 39). In H. goldfussi the ducts are long, according to Strebel. The fore-gut in H. roemeri (pi. 27, fig. 39) is slender, dark-colored, and follows the pharyngeal re- tractor, lying thus near the central pillar of the shell. Pos- teriorly it dilates into the stomach, which fills the greater part of the upper whorl of the cylindrical portion of the shell, and is copiously black-pigmented on its peripheral surface. The hind-gut revolves at the suture, and is white. I could make out but two longitudinal folds of the whole intestine, but from the constancy of the four-folded type, and its distinct develop- ment in Urocoptis (q. v.), I may have overlooked a small fold. Unfortunately I have no material in condition to make another examination. The liver occupies all the whorls of the cone. The jaw is thin, arcuate, with a wide median projection below or none. It is smooth in H. roemeri (pi. 27, fig. 38) and H. nelsoni (pi. 27, fig. 40), irregularly, very finely striate ver- tically in H. dalli (pi. 27, fig. 42). In H. pilsbryi (pi. 27, fig. 41) there are diverging, unequally spaced striae. In H. gold- fussi there are distinct plates towards the edges, and elsewhere a rather irregular somewhat scaly sculpture (pi. 19, fig. 50, after Strebel). It varies therefore from the smooth, through striated almost to the plaited type. The radula is about four times as long as wide, with from 19.1.19 teeth (in H. pilsbryi) to 27.1.27 (in H. nelsoni). The transverse rows are nearly straight in the middle, bending forward at the two ends. It has been examined in H. gold- fussi (Binney, Strebel), H. tryoni and "pfeifferi" ( = minima) (Fischer), and in H. nelsoni, pilsbryi, roemeri, eliza- betha and dalli by myself. In the species of typical Holo- spira the teeth are more numerous, 17.9.1.9.17 =53 in gold- fussi, 19.8.1.8.19 = 55 in nelsoni; the cusps are rather short, conic, and those of the outer lateral teeth are not split, there being but two (pi. 50, fig. 4, H. goldfussi, after Binney). In all the other species examined the teeth are of substantially the same type, varying in the length of the cusps in the several 70 HOLOSPIRA. forms. The central and lateral teeth have single, stout, conic cusps. The transition to marginals is made by the gradual development of an ectocone, at first small and simple, and in the usual position. The outer marginal teeth are short, wide and usually have both cusps bifid, or the outermost ones may be irregularly cusped. The count of teeth is less than in typ- ical Holospira, as follows: H. (Bostrichocentrum) tryoni 13.7.1.7.13=41; H. (B.) pilsbryi (pi. 50, fig. 5) 13.6.1.6.13 = 39; H. (Haplocion) minima 17.6.1.6.17=47; H. (Meta- stoma) roemeri 13.7.1.7.13=41; H. (Ccelostemma) dalli 13.8.1.8.13 = 43; H. (C.) elizabetha has 8 or 9 unicuspid laterals. In H. goldfussi, Strebel & Pfeffer found a type of radula quite unlike those examined by Fischer or myself, and differ- ing widely from what Binney figured for the same species. They describe the central and lateral teeth as with ectocones wholly separated from the cusp, and concrescent with the basal-plate of the next older tooth. The main cusps are very short and broad, etc. This differs so radically from what has been observed in other species that I am compelled to believe that some mistake in the identity of the radula was made. Indeed I believe that Strebel got the radulae of Epirobia berendti and Holospira goldfussi transposed, and figured the one for the other. The forms of the individual teeth and the formula given for a transverse row point significantly to this conclusion. The genital system of H. goldfussi (pi. 19, fig. 52) has been examined by Strebel & Pfeffer; of H. nelsoni (pi. 27, figs. 33, 34), H. (Metastoma) roemeri (pi. 27, fig. 36), H. (Ccelo- stemma) dalli (pi. 27, fig. 35) by myself. In all of them there is an atrium of moderate length ; the penis is short, with a very long vas deferens; the retractor muscle (p. r.) being inserted at or just beyond the slightly swollen penis, and proximally attached to the floor of the lung, as usual. In H. nelsoni there are internal folds in the penis, showing through. There are no accessory organs. The spermatheca and oviduct are sepa- rate to the atrium in the species I have opened, but in H. gold- fussi, Strebel figures a capacious vagina. The oviduct is ex- HOLOSPIRA. 71 tremely long, the albumen gland small, lying in the volution anterior to that containing the stomach (in H. roemeri) . The ovisperm duct is strongly convoluted but not knotted in ap- pearance. The spermatheca is small and ovate, on a duct as long as the oviduct. This duct is simple in H. goldfussi, dalli and roemeri, but certainly bears a long diverticulum in H. nel- soni (pi. 27, fig. 33). The free retractor muscles are excessively long, attached proximally to the axis at about the junction of the cone with the cylindrical portion of the shell. In H. roemeri (pi. 27, fig. 43, x 5) the left ocular retractor unites with the pharyn- geal retractor at about the posterior third of the length of the latter. This band then unites with the columellar muscle near its posterior insertion. The right eye-retractor unites with the columellar muscle at about the anterior third of the length of the latter. Both ocular retractors give off some short ante- rior pedal branches distally. The pharyngeal retractor is not split at its distal insertion. In H. goldfussi Strebel found a somewhat different ar- rangement (pi. 19, fig. 53). The columellar and pharyngeal bands are united for a greater distance posteriorly, and the latter divides into four branches at about the same place: right and left ocular, pharyngeal, and a median band inserted in the integument below the mouth. This differs so radically from the condition found in H. roemeri that it may be due to an error of observation, the more likely because Strebel worked from dried specimens which he soaked up. Key to Subgenera and Sections of Holospira. I. Internal column with a spiral lamella within the penulti- mate whorl, sometimes with parietal, basal and peri- pheral lamellae also. Whorls 11 to 17. Sub genus HOLOSPIRA s. str. a. Cavity of the penultimate whorl obstructed by four lamellag, axial, parietal, basal and peripheral, the last sometimes wanting. Sect. Holospira, species 1-6. b. Penult, whorl with a short axial and a parietal lamella only. Sect. Eudistemma, sp. no. 7. 72 HOLOSPIKA. c. Penult, whorl with a short axial and a basal lamella only. Sect. Distomospira, sp. no. 8. d. Penult, whorl with a short axial lamella only. Sect. Haplostemma, sp. no. 12, 13. e. A low plait or spiral swelling extending throughout the cylindrical portion of the shell, a short lamella superposed upon it in the penultimate whorl. Sect. Bostrichocentrum, sp. no. 9-11. II. Internal column smooth; interior without lamellae or plaits of any kind ; last whorl normal, straightened ante- riorly; aperture without folds or other obstruction. Whorls 11 to 19. Subgenus HAPLOCION, sp. no. 14-20. III. Internal column smooth; interior without lamellae; last whorl sinuous, turning sinistrally ; aperture oblong, with a strong fold within the right margin and a columellar callus in the throat. Whorls 12 to 14. Subgenus METASTOMA, sp. no. 21. IV. Internal column vertically ribbed, large. Whorls narrow and numerous (17-21) ; terminal cone short. Subgenus COELOSTEMMA, sp. no. 22-24. V. Internal structure unknown. Species no. 25-28. Subgenus HOLOSPIRA s. str. Internal column bearing a spiral lamella or plait within the penultimate whorl, or with additional lamellae upon the roof, floor or outer wall of the same whorl. This is the most numerous subgenus in species, but all of the forms seem from present data to be excessively restricted in distribution. Section Holospira. Cavity of the penultimate whorl obstructed by four spiral lamellae, none of them exceeding a whorl in length: a colu- mellar lamella, a large (parietal) lamella on the roof of the whorl, a smaller (basal) one on the floor of the whorl, and a palatal plait, usually the smallest and sometimes wanting, on the outer wall. Teeth of the radula more numerous than in other sections of the genus. Type H. pilocerei. Six species with the structure of this group are now known HOLOSPIRA. 73 more or less perfectly. With the exception of H. goldfussi all are species of great rarity. Another form, H. teres Mke. (sp. no. 28), unknown internally, may prove to belong to this group. All of them are much alike in the internal armature. They may be briefly diagnosed as follows : H. tetrelasmus: Length 13.8-14.8, diam. 4.5-4.6 mm., being thus about 3 times as long as wide; whorls 12i/o-131/^, sculp- tured with white or whitish riblets on a fleshy ground, the top and base opaque white. The columellar lamella runs nearly or quite to the mouth. Mexico. H. pilocerei: Length 14, diam. 3% mm., being about 4 times as long as wide; whorls 15, finely striate, the last rugulose, protracted. Interior unknown. Mexico. H. goldfussi: Length 11-15, diam. 3.5-3.6 mm.; whorls 12- 14!/2, rather strongly ribbed, the ribs the same color as the dull fleshy intervals. Internal column cylindrical, not wider above; columellar lamella barely entering the last whorl. Texas. H. goniostoma: Length 15, diam. 3.7, the length about 4 times the diameter; whorls 15-16, sculptured with fine white riblets. Internal column decidedly wider above; columellar lamella obsolete in the last whorl. Mexico. H. pfeifferi: Length 15.5-17.5, diam. 5-5.6 mm., about 3 times as long as wide; whorls 12, very finely sharply ribbed. Palatal lamella wanting, basal lamella small. Tehuacan, State of Puebla. //. nelsoni: Length 16-17.4, diam. 4.7-4.5 mm., whorls 15%. White, with blue stains and flecks, the early whorls fleshy- brown ; slowly tapering, more rapidly near the apex, where it is sharply, finely striate, the following whorls obsoletely ribbed, last whorl finely and distinctly ribbed; ribs and intervals of the same color. Internal column small, cylindrical, of about equal width above and below. Guadalupe Mts., Mexico. 1. H. TETRELASMUS n. n. PI. 21, figs. 23-27. This species shows externally some resemblance to H. tryoni, but the shell terminates in a longer cone above, and the chalky white color is confined to the upper and lower portions, while 74 HOLOSPIEA. the median whorls are more flesh-colored, or have a violet shade. The white and opaque embryonic whorls are smooth, then fine, sharp riblets appear, which gradually pass into coarse, closely-placed and very obtuse riblets, which are re- lieved against the background by their intensely white or at least lighter color, and stand alone or are coalescent. Upon the last whorl these riblets become again sharper, that is, more raised. The whorls, though flatly convex, project a little at the suture, so that it is impressed. The last whorl is some- what compressed around the very narrow umbilical chink, laterally flattened near the aperture, not free for very long, and provided with a wide, calloused sutural keel above, which corresponds to a wide channel in the aperture. The end of the columellar lamella is visible more or less distinctly upon the inconspicuous somewhat oblique, deep-seated columellar fold. The columellar lamella revolves around the internal column in the last whorl, increases rapidly and then decreases, and at its largest projects rather far in the lumen of the whorl. The parietal lamella does not hang vertically, but its lower edge flares outwards somewhat; it increases slowly in size and then diminishes rapidly. The basal lamella is very short, callous, and strongest at the end. The palatal fold is still shorter and weakly developed, and is not visible through the shell from the outside. The interior is here ochre-yellow, while the inside of the mouth is white. Length 13.8, diam, 4.5, alt. apert. 3.3, width 3.5 mm. ; whorls 12%. Length 14.8, diam. 4.6, alt. apert. 3.5, width 3.4 mm. ; whorls 1314. Mexico (Liebmann). Cylindrella pilocerei PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 382 ; iii, 579 ; iv, 710; vi, 389; Conchyl. Cab., p. 61, pi. 6, f. 32, 33.— PHILIPPI, Abbild. u. Beschreib., iii, p. 5, pi. 3, f. 7, 8—Holospim pilo- cerei Pfr., FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 329, pi. 17, f. 5.— STREBEL, Beitrag^iv, p. 82, pi. 5, f. 1.— - CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., xl, 1892*, p. 265, pi. 5, f. 3, 3 a, and var. B, p. 266, pi. 5, f. 4, 4 a.— MARTENS, Biologia, p. 278. In all cases exclusive of references to Pfeiffer's Symbolae and Philippi's Abbild., i. Not C. pilocerei Pfr., 1841. HOLOSPIRA. 75 The above description and figures 26, 27 are taken from Strebel, who described and illustrated specimens bearing Pfeiffer's label, C. Pilocerei, from the Pfeiffer-Dohrn collec- tion. Figs. 23-25 are from Philippi, representing specimens collected by Liebmann, as were those of Pf eiffer. It is a less slender shell than the original pilocerei, with a shorter neck and less triangular aperture. H. tetrelasmus resembles H. tryoni externally, but is not so smooth and the whorls are less narrow. Crosse has described a variety a little smaller than the type, with 12 whorls, the last not detached. Length 11, diam. 4 mm. (pi. 21, figs. 28, 29). The internal characters of this variety are not known. 2. H. PILOCEREI (Pfeiffer). PL 22, figs. 45-48. Shell cylindrical, the apex conic, not truncate ; whitish ; lon- gitudinally very delicately striate ; whorls 15, slightly convex, the last rugulose, protracted, carinated above; aperture spreading, pear-shaped. Length 7, diam. 1% lines [about 14, 31/3 mm.] (Pfr.). Cuautla de las Amilpas [in Puebla or Moreles], Mexico (Hegewisch), on the cactus Pilocereus senilis. Cylindrella pilocerei PFRV Symbolae ad Hist. Heliceorum, p. 47 (1841), and in PHILIPPI, Abbild. u. Beschreib, i, p. 183, pi. 1, f. 7 (Dec., 1844). "I received for determination the single figured specimen from the late Hegewisch, and the species is to be found in no collection known to me. It is principally distinguished by the blunt, conic apex, and by the horizontal free deviation of the last whorl, which is carinated not at the base, but on the back. ' ' (Pfr.) The original description and copies of Philippi 's figure of the unique type specimen are given above. They indicate a shell more slender than the ilH. pilocerei" of later authors, with the last whorl more produced and the aperture shaped much as in H. goldfussi. The internal structure is unknown, and no specimen other than the single original type is on record. 76 HOLOSPIRA. 3. H. GOLDFUSSI (Menke). PI. 21, figs. 30-35. Shell rimate or perforate, cylindric with a rather long, grad- ually tapering terminal cone, dull flesh tinted. Surface lus- treless, sculptured with strong riblets, which are decidedly arcuate on the lower whorls, straighter and more oblique above ; the nepionic 214 whorls smooth. Whorls 11% to 14%, the first two very convex, following whorls convex, the last somewhat flattened laterally near the aperture, rounded below, shortly free and produced forward. The upper surface flat- tened and even concave, a strong, blunt keel at its junction with the outer face of the whorl. Aperture rounded below, truncate above, the peristome white, reflexed throughout, a low prominence of the horizontal parietal margin projecting inward near the outer angle of the aperture, which is thereby somewhat spout-like. The internal column is rather small and cylindrical, of about equal calibre from the penultimate whorl to near the apex. About 4 whorls from the last there arises a slight spirally running swelling near the anterior partition in each whorl. In the beginning of the penultimate whorl a strong lamella is superposed upon this swelling, and runs 1% whorls down; it increases rapidly, and diminishes slowly below, continuing but a little way in the last whorl. A strong, wide, outward- flaring parietal lamella arises with the columellar lamella, and runs about % of a whorl. A short basal lamella arises a little later than the preceding two, and extends about one-fourth of a whorl downward. An acute but rather low palatal lamella arises with the last, and runs about % of a whorl. In fresh specimens this is visible from the outside as a whitish line on the front of the penultimate whorl. Length 15, diam. 3.6 mm. ; whorls 14%. Length 14, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 14. Length 11%, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 12. Length 11, diam. 3% mm. ; whorls-12. Texas: On the Blanco River (B. F. Shumard) ; New Braun- fels, Comal Co. (J. A. Singley) ; Dallas (J. Boll). Cylindrella goldfussi MENKE, Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1847, p. 2.— PHILIPPI, Abbild. u. Beschreib., iii, p. 6, pi. 3, f. 9 .— HOLOSPIBA. 77 PFEIFFER, Conchyl. Cab., p. 61, pi. 7, f. 1-3; Monogr., ii, p. 383 ; iii, 579 ; iv, 710 ; vi, 389.— BLAND, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, of N. Y., viii, p. 160.— W. G. BINNEY, Terrestr. Moll., iv, p. 151, pi. 79, f. 33; Land and Fresh-water Shells of N. A. (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., no. 194), p. 24, f. 19. — Holospira goldfussi Mke., TRYON, Amer. Journ. of Conch., iii, pi. 15, f. 31, and reprint of same, Monogr. Terrestr. Moll. U. S., p. 140, pi. 15, f. 31.— W. G. BINNEY, Terr. Moll., v, p. 177, f. 86; pi. iv, f. N (radula) ; Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 422, f. 468, 466.— STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 83, pi. 5, f . 2 ; pi. 14, f . 17 A, B (shell) ; pi. 13, f. 3, 5, and pi. 15, f. 2 A-E (anatomy). The shell varies a good deal in size and shape. Some speci- mens are almost exactly cylindric, while others are distinctly swollen above. There is a tendency for the whorls to over- hang the suture in some specimens. The internal lamellae vary somewhat in position, but the palatal thread always lies within the front or ventral part of the penultimate volution. The locality, Dallas, given by Strebel on the authority of Boll, is far to the north of the other localities, which lie in adjacent counties south of the middle of the State. If correct this is the most northern locality for Holospira. Menke's types may have come from New Braunfels, an old German colony. They were collected in Texas by G. A. Goldfuss, in whose honor the species was named. The figures are from New Braunfels specimens. 4. H. GONIOSTOMA (Pfeiffer) . PL 21, figs. 36-41. Shell rimate, cylindric, rather solid, rather closely arcuate- costate; brown-flesh colored; spire long, terminating in a rather short cone. Whorls 15, rather flat, the upper corneous and smooth, the last shortly free, produced forward, obsoletely 'angular above and at the base. Aperture vertical, obliquely angular-oval; peristome white, free and shortly expanded throughout. Length 15, diam. 3%, oblique length of aper- ture 2% mm. (P/V.). Mexico (Mus. Cuming, Pf r. ; also Uhde). Cylindrella goniostoma PFR., Malak. Blatt, iii, 1856, p. 47 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 63, pi. 7, f. 7-9; Monogr., iv, p. 710.— v. 78 HOLOSPIRA. MART., Malak. Blatt., xii, 1865, p. 15.— Not C. goniostoma Sowerby, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 8, f . 72. — Holospira goniostoma FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Sclent. Mex., Moll., i, p. 328, pi. 17, f. 4.— STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 84, pi. 14, f. 6 A, B. c (axis).— CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., xl, 1892, p. 264.— v. MART., Bio- logia, Moll., p. 280. Strebel's figures of the shell (fig. 37), the internal column (fig. 38) and the lamellae (fig. 36) are reproduced on my plate. He writes: The shell is rather lengthened, cylindric, rather translucent, brownish-horn colored, lighter and becoming somewhat whitish below, and set with fine, sharp, pretty closely placed and somewhat oblique ribs, distinctly white and continuing to the suture. On the upper half of the shell they are rather straight, on the lower half somewhat curved, cor- responding to the flatness of the upper, and the greater con- vexity of the lower whorls. The embryonic whorls are smooth and brownish horn-colored, placed somewhat obliquely and button-like; the following whorls increase very slowly in height, are separated by a deep suture. The last whorl is compressed, feebly angular at the base, the free portion pretty long, as it has been already described. The umbilicus is closed. The internal column (fig. 38) is rather conspicuously widened above the middle, narrowing again towards the apex ; below it is rather narrow as a whole, and besides the dilation, in each whorl, shows a dilation running spirally, which to- wards the lower whorls is more and more thickened into a lamella, which finally projects rather broadly into the whorl, then in the last whorl rapidly diminishes again, and does not reach to the aperture, where there is visible only a somewhat oblique, indistinct, columellar fold. The three characteristic lamellae in the interior of the last whorl have the following disposition : The largest, cord-like, depends from the partition between the whorls, begins in the third whorl from the mouth, and runs to almost the beginning of the last whorl. It in- creases in height gradually, and diminishes more rapidly. The second (basal) lamella runs between the penultimate and last whorls, but is only a half whorl in length. It is more calloused, and only towards the end on the outer side projects HOLOSPIRA. 79 cord-like. The third lamella, running on the inside of the outer wall of the penultimate whorl, is a rather low, narrow and short callus, showing through distinctly from the out- side. All three lamellae are glossy white (fig. 36). Strebel gives the length of a specimen from Cuming as 15.7 mm., whorls 16. Von Martens remarks that the specimen taken by Uhde ' ' is very much shorter (length 12 mm.) than that of Cuming, and it has only 14 instead of 15-16 whorls ; but in the diameter of the whole shell and in the size of the aperture they are alike. All are probably from central Mexico. ' ' 5. H. NELSONI Pilsbry, n. sp. PL 22, figs. 42, 43, 44. Shell rimate, cylindric-tapering, the cylindric lower portion passing imperceptibly into the tapering upper half; thin but moderately solid ; white, more or less extensively stained with blue, and with streaks and dots of blue or dark flesh- color, the intervals between the white riblets on the base and several early whorls being brownish flesh-colored. Whorls 15!/2> the first two smooth, following 5 or 6 closely and sharply striated obliquely, this sculpture then becoming more obtuse, chang- ing to very low, rather coarse riblets, more or less obsolete in places, and usually so in the middle of each whorl ; on the last whorl these riblets become narrower, stronger and closer, on its latter half still closer and sharper; and they extend over the convex basal. The last whorl is very shortly produced forward, flattened above, angular outwardly. Aperture ver- tical, obliquely rounded-piriform, contracted and angular at the upper external extremity, the margins straightened on each side of the angle, elsewhere arcuate; peristome white, expanded and somewhat thickened. Interior brown. Inter- nal pillar small, of about equal size above and below, the lumen of the penultimate whorl contracted by four lamellae: a strong, thick-edged axial lamella, not over one whorl long, and barely entering the last whorl; a larger lamella on the parietal wall, arising rather suddenly and decreasing gradu- ally, nearly one whorl in length, about half of this being in the antepenult, whorl ; a low palatal fold about % whorl long on 80 HOLOSPIEA. the outer wall below its middle; and a basal lamella about a half whorl in length ; this and the palatal fold standing on the ventral side in the individual opened. Length 17.4, diam. 4.7, longest axis of aperture 3.7 mm. Length 17, diam. 4.5, longest axis of aperture 3.8 mm. Length 16, diam. 4.7, longest axis of aperture 3.7 mm. Mexico: Sierra Guadalupe, 6500 ft. elevation (E. W. Nelson). This species resembles H. teres Mke. in contour, and when the interior of that species is investigated it may prove to be a variety thereof. However, with a somewhat smaller size, H. nelsoni has more whorls, and the coloration differs. In H. goniostoma the internal column is wider above, and the sculp- ture apparently finer and more distinct. It does not seem closely related to any other described species. Occurred with H. dalli and H. strebeli. 6. H. PFEIFPERI (Menke). PL 22, figs. 49, 50, 51. Shell ovate-oblong, subfusiform, swollen from the middle downwards; apex conic, entire, a little obtuse; rimate, thin, pellucid, pale yellowish, densely and very finely lamellose- ribbed. Whorls 12, a little convex, the last not drawn out, adnate posteriorly. Aperture rounded, the peristome con- tinuous and reflexed. Length 7.6, diam. 2.5 lines [about 15.4, 5 mm.] (Mke.). Mexico: Tehuacan, in the State of Puebla (Liebmann). Cylindrella pfeifferi MENKE, Zeitschr. f . Malak., 1847, p. 1 ^ PHILIPPI, Abbild. u. Beschreib., iii, p. 6, pi. 3, f. 4. — PFR., Monogr., ii. p. 382; Conchyl. Cab., p. 60, pi. 6, f. 30, 31.- Holospira pfeifferi Mke., TRYON, Amer. Journ. of Conch., iii, p. 313, pi. 15, f . 34 (but not the locality) ; Monogr. Terr. Moll. U. S., p. 140, pi. 15, f. 34.— FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 323 (exclusive of var. &). — STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 84, pi. 13, f. 12.— v. MART., Biologia, p. 280, exclusive of varieties.— CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., xl, 1892, p. 260 (ex- clusive of var., p. 261, pi. 5, f. 7, 7 a). Pfeiffer, whose material was evidently part of the original lot from Liebmann, gives the dimensions as length l?1/^, diam. in the middle 5% mm., the aperture 4 mm. long, 4i/2 wide, whorls 12. HOLOSPIRA. 81 Strebel and Pfeffer examined a somewhat defective speci-. men without exact locality, from the Berlin Museum. The sculpture consists of sharply developed, pretty close, fine rib- lets, but little curved, which on the last whorl are more sepa- rated and coarser. The internal axis is similar to the preced- ing species, but the palatal lamella (upon the inside of the outer wall) is wanting, that upon the basal wall is reduced to a callus, and the parietal one is normal. The specimen meas- ures, length about 16.5, diam. 5.7, whorls 12. Possibly the condition of the internal lamellae may be due to immaturity. Tryon's description of this species, alluded to above, was contracted, with liberties, from that of Pfeiffer, and his figure is a bad copy of one in the Conchylien Cabinet. The speci- mens before him from Sonora, which he gives as the locality, belong to another species, H. minima. Section Eudistemma Dall, 1895. BALL, Nautilus, ix, p. 50 (Sept., 1895) ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xviii, p. 3 (1895) ; xix, p. 346 (1897). "Penultimate whorl with a short axial and a parietal lamella only, the axis moderately large. Type H. arizon$nsis Stearns." 7. H. ARIZONENSIS Stearns. PL 16, figs. 1, 2. Shell dextral, elongately cylindrical, fusiform, dingy white to pale horn color, translucent. Number of whorls 12-13, slightly convex, the sutures distinctly defined. The upper 6 or 7 whorls rather abruptly tapering towards the obtuse apex, which has a slightly twisted and rather a papillose aspect. The last whorl is curved under and constricted back of the mouth, forming an umbilical notch. The apex and following whorl are smooth ; the three or four succeeding whorls sharply and somewhat obliquely plicated longitudinally, the median and following whorls becoming somewhat obscurely sculptured other than by distinct growth lines. The basal whorl is strongly sculptured below, and back of the mouth, and ob- tusely angulated underneath. Aperture ovate, slightly angu- lated anteriorly, somewhat effuse, rimmed and projecting. Length 12.5, diam. 4 mm. ; length 13, diam. 4 mm. (Stearns) . 82 HOLOSPIRA. Arizona : Dos Cabezas. Two specimens and numerous frag- ments were found in a cave in November, 1889, by V. Bailey, U. S. National Museum, no. 104392. Holospira arizonensis STEARNS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, p. 208, pi. 15, f. 2, 3; xiv, 1891, p. 100.— H. (Eudi- stemma) arizonensis Stearns, DALL, Nautilus, ix, p. 50. About the size and figure of H. remondi, but differing from all other known species in the internal armature. Section Distomospira Ball, 1895. DALL, Nautilus, ix, p. 50 (Sept., 1895) ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xviii, p. 3 ; xix, p. 346. Penultimate whorl with a short, stout lamella on the axis and a weaker basal lamella only ; axis otherwise smooth, mod- erately large and cylindrical. Type H. bilamellata Dall (Distomospira, spire with two apertures, i. e., divided into two cavities). 8. H. BILAMELLATA Dall. PL 16, figs. 5, 10, 11. Shell elongate, slender, blunt-tipped, with two smooth nu- clear and 15 subsequent whorls; the spire increases evenly to the eighth whorl and then very slowly attenuate; sculpture of slightly oblique, little raised, nearly straight riblets with doubly wide interspaces marked by somewhat irregular lines of growth ; the sculpture between the ninth and the last whorl is more or less obsolete, but on the last whorl is strong, crowded, and a little irregular; suture distinct; base a little appressed; umbilical chink small; aperture as in H. crossei, but projecting beyond the periphery of the last whorl. Length of shell 20.5, maximum diameter 5 mm. (Dall.) New Mexico: top of Hachita Grande Mountain, Grant Co. (Dr. Mearns) ; with H. crossei, not uncommon; no. 129990. U. S. N. M. Holospira (Distomospira) bilamellata DALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xviii, p. 4 (1895) ; xix, p. 349, pi. 31, f. 3 (1896). This species in form recalls H. semisculpta Stearns, but is smaller, without the polished surface of the latter and of a ferruginous white instead of the bluish color of H. semi- HOLOSPIRA. 83 sculpta. The aperture in some specimens projected more than in others which seemed fully adult. The internal arma- ture consists of a short very wide flange near the base on the pillar and a low but strong basal ridge extending about one- third of a gyration slightly nearer the inner than the outer wall of the whorls (Dall.) The internal pillar is about 1 mm. in diameter, of about equal calibre throughout except in the earliest and last whorls, and as usual in Holospira, shows fine whitish lines on a gray- white surface (bilameUatus, having two plates). Section Bostricho cent rum Strebel. STREBEL, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna Mexikanischer Land- und Siisswasser-Conchylien, iv, p. 80, for B. tryoni Pfr. This group is characterized by the spiral lamella situated low upon the axial column within the penultimate whorl. There is also a low ridge or inflation spirally ascending the column, which is not enlarged above. No other lamella or folds exist. (Bostrychos, curl, and kentron, center). Three species with this structure are known: H. tryoni, with 11-15 narrow, closely coiled whorls, and measuring, length, 13.5, diam. 4.5 mm., to length 9.7, diam. 4 mm. ; H. veracruziana, with 17 whorls, length 17.5, diam. 5 mm.; H. pilsbryi, with 12-14 whorls, length 10.25-13 mm.; the whorls higher and the shell more slender than H. tryoni. 9. H. TRYONI (Pfeiffer). PL 22, figs. 52-58. Shell perforate and rimate, cylindrical, conic above, thin but moderately solid, opaque white, sometimes a little stained with brownish flesh-color, the cone usually brownish. First 1% whorls smooth; following whorls densely, sharply and finely striate; this sculpture continuing on the cylindrical portion, but on the lower half becoming coarser and less sharp, or irregular and almost obsolete, the last several whorls being nearly smooth. Whorls 11 to 15, somewhat convex, very narrow and closely coiled, 6 to 8 in the cylin- drical portion, those above forming a rather short cone, the 84 HOLOSPIRA. apical whorls roundedv a little projecting, nipple-like. The last whorl is rounded below, and not produced forward, though the peristome is usually free. Aperture subcircular, vertical, peristome continuous, expanded and slightly re- flected, rarely adnate above. The internal axis (fig. 57) is about one-fifth the diam. of shell, pillar-like, of about equal diameter above and below. It is encircled by a slight ridge or convexity, which revolves below the middle in each whorl, throughout the cylindrical portion of the shell, though weak in the intermediate whorls. In the penultimate whorl a callous cord is superposed upon this ridge, producing an obtuse lamella about one whorl long, extending into the last whorl but not reaching the aperture. The pillar is other- wise smooth, showing some fine longitudinal white lines on a bluish-white ground. Length 13, diam. 4.2 mm. ; whorls Length 11%, diam. 4.4 mm.; whorls Length IS1/*?, diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 15 (Pfr. type). Length 10, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 121/4. Length 9.7, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 11%. PueUa (Pfr.) : Mat amor as Izucar, in the State of Puebla, on cactus (Boucard). Cylindrella tryoni PFR., Journ de Conchyl., xv, 1867, p. 438 ; Novit. Conch., p. 433, pi. 97, f . 5-7 ; Monogr., vi, p. 390 ; viii, 447. — Holospira tryoni Pfr., C. & F., Journ de Conch., 1870, pp. 14, 24, pi. 5, f. 5 (jaw) ; Miss. Scient. Hex., Moll., i, p. 331, pi. 17, f. 6; with var. appressa. — v. MARTENS, Bio- logia, p. 276. — Bostrichocentrum tryoni Pfr., STREBEL, Bei- trag, iv, p. 81, pi. 5, f. 3; pi. 14, f. 13, 16 A, v.— IHolospira gealei H. Ad., FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Scient., Moll., i, p. 333, pi. 17, f. 7.— CROSSE, J. de C., xl, 1892, p. 271, pi. 5, f. 2.- H. tryoni CROSSE, Journ. de Conch., xl, 1892, p. 267, pi. 5, f. 5, 5 a. A very compactly coiled shell, with narrow whorls. It varies from a quite cylindrical contour to one in which the shell is slightly wider above than below. The supposed variety appressa is merely an individual variation, the peri- stome being adnate above, as in my fig. 56. The series be- HOLOSPIRA. 85 fore me confirms the wide variation in shape recorded by Strebel. Figs. 52, 53 are copied from Pfeiffer's original illustration; figs. 54, 55 are those of Strebel, double natural size; while figs. 56-58 are from specimens in the museum of the Academy. I have found the internal structure the same in the shortest and longest specimens. Named for George W. Tryon, Jr. Var. gealei (H. Adams). PL 15, fig. 3. Shell minutely perforate, cylindrical, solid, obliquely stri- ate, whitish; spire oblong, the apex conic, a little acute, yellow. Whorls 12-13, rather flattened, subangular above, the last a little ascending, shortly free in front. Aperture angulate-circular ; peristome continuous, expanded and a little reflexed throughout. Length 15, diam. 5% mm. (H. Ad.). Putla, State of Oaxaca, Mexico (H. Ad.). Cylindrella (Holospira) gealei H. AD., P. Z. S., 1872, p. 13, pi. 3, f. 19.— PFB., Monogr., viii, p. 447. Published data afford no differences from H. tryoni of the neighboring State of Puebla, except that gealei is slightly larger, and has fewer whorls than the largest tryoni. The internal structure is unknown. Under the circumstances it seems best to follow von Martens' precedent and place H. gealei as a variety under H. tryoni. 10. H. VERACRUZIANA Dall. "Shell closely resembling the enlarged figure of H. micro- stoma Pfeiffer, but with a short apical cone and larger aper- ture. According to the description of H. microstoma, the present species differs by having 17 whorls in a total length of 17.5 mm. against 18 whorls in a length of 15.5 mm. for H. microstoma, both having a maximum diameter of 5 mm. The last whorl in the present species is rounded below, that of H. microstoma angulated; in H. veracruziana the aper- ture is expanded, with the outer posterior part hardly angu- lar where the outer lip meets the parietal portion; the diameter of the aperture is 3.5 mm. (against 2.6 in H. micro- 86 HOLOSPIRA. stoma), and the parietal portion is very little extended beyond the periphery of the preceding whorl; the whorls of the nucleus (I1/*?) are smooth and polished, those of the apical cone finely ribbed, those of the rest of the spire striate, with a few coarse riblets just behind the peristome" (Doll). E. Mexico: Mizantla, province of Vera Cruz (three speci- mens presented to the National Museum by the Mexican Geographical Commission). Holospira (Bostrichocentrum) veracruziana DALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xviii, p. 4 (1895) ; xix, p. 350 (1897). This species has a strong, short fold at the base of the axis in the penultimate whorl, but no traces of any other Jaminre. It is possible that the type of H. microstoma of Pfeiffer may have the aperture abnormal and be identical with this spe- cies, but in the uncertainty I have preferred to name the latter (Dall). 11. H. PILSBRYI Dall. PL 16, figs. 6, 7, 8, 9 ; pi. 23, fig. 76. " Shell small, bluish or pinkish- white ; the nucleus darker, 2-whorled, smooth, not much projected, followed by 6 ob- liquely striate, gradually increasing whorls which form a bee-hive-shaped dome to the spire, after which follow 6 nearly equal almost smooth whorls forming a nearly cylindrical spire; the last whorl slightly smaller, the base and neck near the aperture somewhat irregularly transversely wrinkled; suture distinct, here and there edged by wrinkles transverse to the whorl, but more or less obsolete, except near the suture ; umbilical chink shallow, aperture a little oblique, subcir- cular, with a faint angulation near the upper outer corner; lip expanded, but hardly reflected; the peristome, viewed in its own plane, does not project beyond the lines representing the sides of the cylindrical part of the spire, but as the last whorl is smaller than those preceding it, the peristome pro- jects slightly from it; throat of the aperture whitish without ridges; axis straight, slender, axial wall smooth. Length of large specimen 13, diameter 4 mm., with 14 whorls; length of short specimen 10.25, diameter 3.75 mm., with 12 whorls" (Dall). HOLOSPIRA. 87 Mexico : Puebla, State of Puebla, abundant around sulphur springs (Mex. Geogr. Comm.) ; types no. 56932, U. S. N. M. Arizona or New Mexico (Dr. E. Palmer). Holospira (Metastoma) pilsbryi DALL., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xviii, p. 4 (1895); xix, p. 349 (1897).— ?#. pilocerei var. B, CROSSE & FISCHER, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 329, pi. 17, f. 5.— CROSSE, Journ. de Conch., xl, 1892, p. 266, pi. 5, f. 4, 4 a. The whorls are less narrow and crowded than in H. tryoni. The internal pillar (pi. 23, fig. 76) is small, about 0.3 mm. diameter, and of about equal calibre throughout the cylindric portion of the shell. Within the latter part of penultimate and first part of the last whorl it has a distinct spiral swell- ing and twist in the middle ; the pillar in the next earlier two whorls is either without perceptible twist, or visibly swollen near the base ; but in still earlier whorls there is a narrow and distinct, though low, spiral ridge, as shown in the figure, which was drawn from one of the type lot, from near the City of Puebla, received from Prof. Dall. It is thus referable to the section Bostrichocentrum, though hardly typically devel- oped for that group. According to Dall, "a single specimen was found among loose shells brought home by Dr. Palmer after a trip through Arizona and New Mexico, but no particular locality could be assigned to it" (Dall). Numerous specimens in the collec- tion of the Academy show but little variation. Section Haplostemma Dall, 1895. DALL, Nautilus, ix, p. 50 (Sept., 1895) ; Proc. U. S., Nat. Mus., xviii, p. 2; xix, p. 346. 1 'Axis moderate, with a short, stout, axial lamella extend- ing about half a gyration in the penultimate whorl, but elsewhere simple and smooth. Type H. mearnsii Dall." (haploos, simple; stemma, wreath.) This group is very close to Bostrichocentrum, probably not really separable. 12. H. MEARNSII Dall. PL 16, figs. 12, 13. Shell small, compact, with 14 whorls, of which 2 are nu- 88 HOLOSPIRA. clear, polished, and smooth; blunt above, gradually increas- ing to the ninth whorl and subsequently slightly attenuated; sculpture and aperture much as in H. crossei, the base slightly appressed and the ribs closer and more prominent than on the previous whorls; umbilicus not conspicuous; aperture projecting somewhat beyond the preceding whorl, the peristome hardly reflected, subtriangular, little thick- ened, without folds; axis small, subcylindric, with a strong, short lamella near the base in the penultimate whorl. Length of shell 14.5, maximum diameter 4.5 mm. (Dall). New Mexico: top of Hachita Grande Mountain, Grant county (Dr. Mearns) ; found with H. crossei, but less com- mon ; no. 129991, U. S. N. M. Holospira (Haplostemma) mearnsii DALL., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xviii, p. 4 (1895) ; xix, p. 350, pi. 31, f. 1 (1897). This species resembles H. crossei in general appearance, but is larger, with more projecting aperture, and frequently has an intercalary raised line dividing the interspaces of the ribs axially. The specimens are of a whitish color (Dall). 13. H. HAMILTONI Dall. PL 23, figs. 72, 73. Shell slender, polished, spindle-shaped, pinkish-white, with a darker livid apex, and about 13 whorls; nucleus blunt, smooth, later three whorls delicately obliquely striated, cen- tral whorls smooth, last whorl with delicate oblique riblets with wider interspaces; aperture projected, rounded, sub- angular at the right posterior corner, the lip entire, reflected, the pillar rather' wide ; the last whorl flattened and attenu- ated. Length 19, max. diam. 5 mm. (Dall). Texas : Rio Grande Mts., Brewster Co., at a height of 3,500 feet, living on Selaginella lepidophylla Spring (James M. Hamilton) ; U. S. Nat. Mus, no. 107759. Holospira (Haplostemma) hamiltoni DALL, Nautilus, xi, p. 38 (August, 1897) ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, p. 501, pi. 28, f. 2, 11 (1902). "This species is very much like H. (Metastoma) semistriata [semisculpta] Stearns, externally, differing in its smaller and more slender shell and finer and more delicate sculpture of the later whorls near the aperture." - HOLOSPIRA. 89 Subgenus HAPLOCION Pilsbry, 1902. Internal axis smooth, the interior of the whorls without plaits or lamellae; latter part of the last whorl straightened, not sinuous; the aperture not obstructed by folds or promi- nences of any kind. Type H. pasonis Dall. (haploos, sim- ple; kion, pillar.) This subgenus is closely related to Bostrichocentrum and Haplostemma, differing in the simplicity of the pillar within* Metastoma is distinct by peculiar modification of the last whorl. There are three groups of species. I. Internal axis large, one-third the diam. of the shell; shell smooth, brown, composed of many (16^-19) closely coiled whorls. H. fusca, no. 20. II. Internal axis smaller, one-sixth to one-fourth the diam. of shell; shell small (length 9-14 mm. in known species), brownish, compactly coiled, the whorls short, 11 to 13 in number, sculptured with ribs or riblets. 1. Internal axis swollen above, tapering below, about one-fourth the diam. of shell; nepionic whorls strongly angular, the rest coarsely ribbed; length 11-14 mm. H. minima, no. 19. 2. Internal axis smaller and of about uniform calibre ; nepionic whorls not angular. a. Whorls of the cone flattened, and usually angular at the lower edge, finely and closely ribbed; length 9-11.3 mm. H. remondi, no. 18. &. Whorls of the cone convex, more strongly and distantly ribbed; length 11, diam. 3.7 mm. H. crossei, no. 17. III. Internal axis very slender below, slightly wider above; shell rather large (length 22-29 mm. in known species), white, the individual whorls high, Iiy2-15 in number, the last one or two more coarsely ribbed than the inter- mediate whorls. 1. Whorls 14-15 ; length 22-23y2, diam. 5y2-6 mm. H. semisculpta, no. 15.. 2. Whorls 12 ; length 29, diam. 7 mm. H. coahuilensis, no. 16. 90 HOLOSPIRA. 3. Whorls 111/2 ; length 22y2, diam. 6% mm. H. pasoniSy no. 14. H. cretacea Pfr. (sp. no. 27), may belong near the last three species. (Group of H. pasonis.) 14. H. PASONIS Dall. PL 16, figs. 14, 15 ; pi. 23, fig. 74. Shell white, mostly smooth but hardly glossy, of eleven and a half whorls; two and a half smooth, inflated, nepionic whorls, the apex flattish, followed by several whorls which are minutely ribbed in harmony with the incremental lines, the ribbing gradually becoming obsolete over most of the shell, but reappearing on the last whorl, especially the basal part, sharper and somewhat crowded just behind the reflected lip; umbilicus closed or reduced to a minute chink; suture dis- tinct, sutural edge continuing as a keel to the reflected mar- gin of the aperture; aperture very short necked, almost cir- cular, broadly reflected; the pillar, as usual in the genus, tubular above the last whorl, the axis externally simple but somewhat flexuous. Length 22.5, max. diam. 6.5 mm. (Dall). Texas: Mule canon, El Paso county, at an elevation of 4,000 feet. Holospira pasonis DALL, The Nautilus, viii, p. 112 (Feb., 1895) ; Holospira (Metastoma) pasonis DALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xix, p. 348, pi. 31, f. 4, 5. "This species is nearest to H. coahuilensis W. G. Binney, which has one or two more whorls, the last two proportion- ately more attenuated with more extended, sharper and more distant sculpture, and obtusely keeled or compressed base resulting in a much more triangular and narrower aperture. It is not particularly close to any of the other species hitherto described, the H. semistriata [error for semisculpta] Stearns being quite distinct. A marked character is the evenly rounded basal part of the whorl just behind the lip." (Dall). The latter half of the last whorl has more numerous and closer riblets in the specimens before me (part of the type lot) than shown in fig. 15, a copy of Dall's figure of the type. The internal pillar is small, about 1 mm. in diam. 'above, HOLOSPIRA. 91 tapering to about 0.7 mm. within the penultimate whorl. The cylindrical portion of the shell passes very gradually into the slowly tapering cone (pi. 23, fig. 74). 15. H. SEMISCULPTA Stearns. PL 16, figs. 3, 4. Shell dextral, elongately cylindrical, pupiform, largest in the middle, tapering above and below, with fourteen to fifteen whorls; whorls somewhat convex; sutures distinct, though but slightly impressed. The upper two or two and a half whorls which form the apex are smooth, slightly tortuous, papillose. The succeeding four to five whorls are finely ob- liquely plicated; the middle whorls, four to five in number, are nearly or quite smooth, the sculpture when apparent being inconspicuous. The lower three or three and a half whorls are marked by sharp, thin, and rather obliquely curved lirae, which increase in number or closeness as the mouth is approached. The termination of the basal whorl projects considerably, is sharply angulated above on the projecting portion, which is also obtusely angulated on the under side. Aperture continuous, moderately effuse, roundly ovate, and flatly rimmed. Umbilicus a simple chink. Shell of a deli- cate pinkish-white, with a tint of faint purple on some of the upper whorls. Length 22-23^, diam. 5~y2-6 mm. (Stearns.) State of Chihuahua, Mexico, in a canon above San Carlos, on limestone cliffs (T. W. Stanton) ; three specimens, no. 102310, U. S. Nat. Mus. Holospira scmisculpta STEARNS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii^ 1890, p. 208, pi. 15, f. 1, 4. Closely allied to H. coahuilensis W. G. B. and H. pasonis Ball, but smaller than either, with more whorls. Dall ascer- tained the internal pillar to be simple and smooth. 16. H. COAHUILENSIS (W. G. Binney). PL 23, figs. 66-69. Shell rimate, cylindrically ventricose, thin, smooth or deli- cately striate on the upper whorls, strongly ribbed on the last two; white; composed of 12 ventricose or flattened whorls; apex obtuse, shining ; upper 3 whorls of about equal diameter and smooth, the next 4 rapidly increasing in width and stri- 92 HOLOSPIRA. ate, the next whorl the widest of all and smooth, the remain- der very rapidly decreasing in diameter towards the attenu- ated base; last whorl with about 10 elevated ribs, not carinated below, and appressed -against the shell so as hardly to be rimate, until extended beyond it, and ending in a con- tinuous peritreme expanded around the subquadrate aper- ture. Length 29, greatest diam. 7 mm. (Binn.) Cienga Grande, State of Coahuila, Mexico (coll. Smith- sonian Inst.) . Cylindrella coahuilensis W. G. B., Amer. Journ. of Conch., i, p. 50, pi. 7, f. 4, 5 (Feb. 15, 1865).— PFR., Monogr., viii, p. 445. — Gongylostoma coahuilensis Binn., TRYON, Amer. Journ. of Conch., iii, p. 312, pi. 15, f. 29—Holospira c., FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 334. — CROSSE, Journ. de Conchy!., xl, 1892, p. 274, pi. 5, f. 1, 1 a.—Metastoma c., DALL., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xix, p. 351. Crosse has figured a specimen somewhat broken measuring, length 25, diam. 6 mm. (figs. 68, 69). Figures 66, 67 are copied from Binney's original illustration. (Group of H. remondii). 17. H. CROSSEI Dall. PL 23, figs. 64, 65, 75. Shell small, compact, 12-whorled, of a brownish-gray color ; nuclear whorls 2, smooth, polished, apically blunt, succeeding 4 gradually and evenly increasing, after which the shell is cylindrical; sculpture of pretty even, slightly oblique, rounded riblets, extending from suture to suture and sepa- rated by interspaces twice as wide as the ribs ; suture distinct ; base rounded, with a shallow umbilical chink; aperture sim- ple, slightly oblique, not projecting beyond the periphery of the preceding whorl, the lip slightly expanded in front of a faint constriction, the opening subcircular without internal ridges, the outer anterior part obtusely angular; axis small, regularly increasing to the last whorl, not inflated. Length of shell 11, maximum diameter 4 mm. (Dall.) New Mexico: Top of Hackita Grande Mountain, Grant county (Dr. Mearns) ; no. 129989, U. S. N. M. Holospira (Metastoma) crossei DALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xviii, p. 3 (1895) ; xix, p. 348, pi. 31, f. 2 (1897). HOLOSPIRA. 93 This species resembles II. goldfussi Menke, but is slightly smaller, with a shorter neck to the aperture and a less reflected and triangular peristome. It is entirely destitute of the remarkable internal lamellae which characterize H. goldfussi. It is named in honor of M. H. Crosse, who has monographed the genus. (Dall.) In the single specimen I have seen (pi. 23, fig. 75) the rib- lets are subobsolete on the cylindrical portion of the shell. The column is of about equal diameter throughout the cylin- drical portion. H. crossei is most nearly related to H. re- mondii, but differs in the coarser external sculpture, some- what more slender contour, and the convex, not flattened, whorls of the terminal cone. 18. H. REMONDII (Gabb). PL 23, figs. 61-63, 70; pi. 24, figs 1-4. Shell perforate and rimate, cylindric, conic above, thin, pale brown. Whorls 11^-12%, the first 2 smooth, convex, the first whorl wider and more bulging than the second; fol- lowing 4 whorls (pi. 24, fig. 4) gradually widening, the cone flattened, angular, and projecting more or less above the suture, sharply and finely ribbed obliquely, the riblets much narrower than the intervals. Succeeding whorls are convex and obliquely ribbed, but in many specimens the riblets be- come subobsolete on the last 2 or 3 whorls. The last whorl is a little narrower, scarcely projects beyond the level of the ventral outline, and is rounded below, but with the base de- fined by an obtuse angle, and usually perforated by a distinct though small, rounded umbilicus. Aperture circular exter- nally, somewhat ovate inside, the peristome expanded through- out. Internal column (pi. 23, fig. 70) small, smooth, a trifle larger above, and with a weak spiral swelling in the penulti- mate whorl. Length 11.3, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls 12%. Length 9, diam 3.2 mm. ; whorls 11%. State of Sonora, Mexico: 1% leagues from Arivechi, Sahuaripa Valley (A. Remond). Cylindrella remondii GABB, Amer. Journ. of Conch., i, p. 94 HOLOSPIRA. 208, pi. 19, f. 10-13 (July, 1865).— PPB., Monogr., vi, p. 389; viii, p. 446. — Holospira remondii Gabb, TRYON, A. J. C., iii, p. 313, pi. 15, f. 32.— FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss. Sclent. Mex., Moll., i, p. 325, pi. 17, f. 2; Journ. de Conchy!., xviii, 1870, p. 24. — CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., xl, 1892, p. 262, pi. 5, f. 8, 8 a. This species varies a good deal in size, and in the degree to which the striation extends upon the lower whorls, but other- wise is rather constant. The whorls of the cone project above the sutures more or less in all the 8 specimens of the type lot, but only slightly in some. The riblets are narrow and sim- ple, and the enlarged first whorl is rounded and bulging, not angular as in H. minima. It differs from H. crossei in the flattening of the post-nepionic whorls of the cone and the perforate base. H. arizonensis is slightly larger, with smoother median whorls and less perfectly circular peri- stome, and it differs in internal structure. 19. H. MINIMA (v. Martens). PL 23, fig. 59; pi. 24, figs. 5-9. Shell rimate and perforate, cylindric, tapering in a rather long cone above, thin, pale fleshy-brownish with lighter ribs, the apex often darker. Whorls 11 to 12%, the first 2 smooth, strongly angular at the shoulder above, the upper and lateral surfaces flattened (pi. 24, fig. 8) ; following whorls of the cone strongly convex, angular in the middle, sculptured with stout rounded ribs, which when worn are seen to be hollow. Succeeding whorls are convex, sculptured with strong, regu- lar ribs as wide as their intervals, and also hollow, in places broken and showing the two lateral laminae only. On the last two or three whorls the ribs are somewhat smaller, and on the last one they split or suddenly diminish on the base, except upon the rounded part of the whorl behind the aper- ture. Aperture subcircular, its plane not produced beyond the general outline of the ventral side of the shell ; peristome white, expanded and reflected, continuous and free. Inter- nal column smooth, widest above, gradually tapering down- wards, a little exceeding 1 mm. in greatest calibre. Length 13-14, diam. 4.2 mm. ; whorls Length 13.5, diam. 4 mm. HOLOSPIRA. 95 Length 11.7, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls State of Sonora, N.-W. Mexico : Cerro de la Campana, near Hermosillo (A. Remond). C [ylindrella] pfeifferi GABB, Amer. Journ. of Conch., i, p. 208. — Holospira pfeifferi CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conchy!., xviii, 1870, p. 13, pi. 5, f. 6-10 (jaw and teeth) ; H. p. var 6, C. &. F., Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 324, pi. 17, f. 1.— CROSSE, J. de Conch., xl, 1892, p. 261, pi. 5, f. 7, 7 a.— H. p. var. minor v. MARTENS, Biologia Centrali Americana, Moll., p. 280, and var. minima, p. 280, pi. 16, f. 18.— H. minima v. Mart., PILSBRY, Nautilus, xiv, p. 118. This species is readily recognized by the angular upper whorls and the very coarse though closely standing ribs, which when broken down are seen to be hollow. I am quite unable to see anything further than the usual individual variation between the varieties minor and minima, recognized by von Martens. In the specimens before me there are 32 to 34 ribs on the penultimate whorl. The original descriptions of minima follow, and the original figure is copied on pi. 23, fig. 60. ' ' Subconic-turreted, densely, delicately lamellose-costate, flesh-colored, the ribs white; aperture rounded; base perfo- rated; whorls 11, convex; length ll1/^, greatest diam. 4, diam. of penult, whorl 3% ; length of aperture 2%, width 2% mm. "Length 11% mm. only, 4 in the largest diameter; aper- ture 2% mm. ; whorls 11, distinctly convex ; color reddish- yellow, the costas white. Mexico, without nearer indication of locality (coll. Patel)." Var. percostata Pils. PL 24, fig. 7. Whorls Il-liy2 ; ribs more widely spaced, 23 to 26 on the penultimate whorl; length 11.6 to 12.4, diam. 4 mm. N.-W. Mexico. (Group of H. fusca). 20. H. FUSCA v. Martens. PL 25, figs. 8-14. Shell rather widely umbilicated, fusiform-cylindrical, close- whorled, thin, very lightly obliquely striatulate, lilac- brown. Whorls 19, the first 2 subglobose, smooth, pale cor- neous (rarely blackish), following 7 whorls somewhat rapidly 96 HOLOSPIRA. increasing, forming a high cone, the later whorls slightly decreasing, a little convex, the suture moderately impressed; last whorl with swollen rounded base, somewhat ascending in front, very shortly produced forward. Aperture vertical, subcircular; peristome a little thickened throughout, nar- rowly expanded, white, the upper margin transverse, outer angle distinct, the margins elsewhere arcuate, (v. Mart.) Length 16, diam. penult, whorl 4, greatest diam. 5, length aperture 3% mm. Length 14%, diam. penult, whorl 3, greatest diam. 3%, length aperture 2% mm. Length 12, diam. penult, whorl 3, greatest diam. 3%, length aperture 2%. S.-W. Mexico: Omilteme, State of Guerrero (H. H. Smith). Holospira fusca v. MART., Biologia Centrali Americana, Moll., p. 281, pi. 16, f. 19-24 (December, 1897).— Holospira umbilicata v. Mart., SOWERBY & FULTON on label. Chiefly remarkable for the brown color and comparatively large internal column, which is at least usually open below. This column is pale brown with the usual whitish lines in its substance, and within several of the later whorls it is per- ceptibly swollen just below the middle, as in Ccelocentrum. In a shell with 16% whorls, measuring, length 12, diam. 3.4 mm., the column is 1.3 mm. wide, being over one-third the diameter of the shell. The first and second whorls are wider than the third. Only large specimens have as many as 19 whorls, those of 12 to 13 mm. length having only 16% to 17. The shells be- fore me (figs. 8, 9, 10, part of the original lot) are brown, and in a slight degree translucent, the internal axis showing faintly through in one specimen. Figs. 11-14 are from von Martens' original illustrations. Subgenus METASTOMA Strebel, 1880. STREBEL, Beitrag, etc., iv, p. 80, for M. roemeri Pfr. Internal column smooth and cylindrical, of moderate size; without internal lamellae. Last whorl sinuous, its latter por- tion turning sinistral. Aperture longitudinally oval, ob- HOLOSPIRA, SUBG. METASTOMA. 97 structed by a strong fold within the right margin, and a callous ridge upon the columella. Type H. roemeri Pfr. (meta, after or among, but here used in the sense of ''changed;" stoma, mouth). 21. H. ROEMERI (Pfeiffer). PI. 25, figs. 1-7. Shell rimate or perforate, cylindric, often a little wider above than below, terminating in a rather short cone above; rather thin, pale brown. Surface somewhat glossy, smooth except for light growth-lines, but finely and rather sharply striated on the terminal cone. Whorls 12% to 14, but slightly convex, the last tapering, strongly carinate beneath, its latter portion sinuous, becoming sinistral, shortly free in front; base excavated, concave. Aperture oblique, oblong, the long- est axis parallel to that of the shell, contracted by a callous barrier deep in the throat on the columellar side, and a prom- inent, angular fold within the right lip. Peristome contin- uous, free, slightly reflected. Internal column smooth, mod- erately large, its diameter about one-fourth that of the shell, of nearly equal calibre throughout. Length 15.7, diam. 4.5 mm. ; whorls 13%. Near El Paso. Length 14, diam. 4.4 mm.; whorls 13%. Near El Paso. Length 13-14, diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 14. New Braunfels (Pfr.) Length 12, diam. 3.8 mm.; whorls 12%. New Braunfels. Length 12, diam. 4.2 mm.; whorls 11. Sacramento Mts. Length 13, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 12. Sacramento Mts. Length 14.8, diam. 4 mm.; whorls 12%. Sacramento Mts. Texas: New Braunfels, Comal Co. (Roemer, Singley et al.) ; Howard's Spring, Crockett Co. (Binney) ; Devil's Biver region and Painted Cave, near the mouth of the Pecos River, Val Verde Co. (W. Lloyd) ; Franklin Mt, near El Paso (J. H. Ferriss). Also southern New Mexico, in Alamo Canon, near Alamogorda, Otero Co., in the foot-hills of the Sacramento Mts. (Rehn and Viereck). Cylindrella roemeri PFR., Mon. Hel. Viv., ii, p. 382 (1848) ; iii, 579; iv, 710; vi, 389; Conchyl. Cab., p. 62, pi. 7, f. 4-6 (bad); Roemer 's Texas, p. 456 ( 1849 ) .— BINNEY, L. and- 98 HOLOSP1RA, SUBG. COELOSTEMMA. Fresh- water Shells of N. A., i, p. 24, f . 18 ; Terr. Moll., iv, p. 150. — Holospira roemeri Pfr., TRYON, Amer. Journ. of Conch., iii, p. 312.— BINNEY, Terr. Moll., v, p. 177, f . 85 ; Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 422, f. 467.— R. E. C. STEARNS, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, p. IQO.—Metastoma roemeri Pfr., STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 80 (1880). In this peculiar species the last whorl turns directly for- ward at its termination, becoming in effect sinistral; there is a strong fold within the right lip, and an excavation in its place on the exterior of the whorl. The columella is notice- ably calloused. It was originally found at New Braunfels, a place evidently at the eastern limit of its range, as the hill country gives place there to a lower and more level region of mesquite chaparral, supporting a different and poorer fauna. Thence it extends to the western extreme of the State near El Paso (figs. 2-5), and northward to the lower lying canons of the Sacramento Mts. in New Mexico (figs. 1, 6, 7). The largest specimens I have seen are from near El Paso. Stearns states that those from Val Yerde Co. have 13 to 16 whorls. Shells from the Sacramento Mts. are mainly shorter and broad, though long specimens also occur. Many of the short shells are umbilicate, but others are imperforate. New Braunfels specimens also vary in size. The lower edges of the whorls of the cone sometimes project angularly, as in some individuals of many other species. This is probably due to progressively more unfavorable conditions of nutrition during the period of rapid growth. Subgenus COELOSTEMMA Ball, 1895. DALL, Nautilus, ix, p. 50 (September, 1895) ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xix, p. 347. Shell many-whorled (17-21 whorls in known species), with short terminal cone, the internal column vertically ribbed (as in C&locentrum) , and of moderate or large diameter. Type H. elizdbetJicc Pils. (koilos, hollow; stemma, wreath). The known species are Mexican. The group is remarkable for its homoplastic relation to C&locentrum, some species having the internal pillar granulose from interruption or HOLOSPIRA, SUBG. COELOSTEMMA. 99 entire breaking up of the vertical riblets, as in some forms of the genus mentioned. Only three species are known. H. elizabethce: Shell cylindric or club-shaped, white or whitish, widest above, the internal column of the same shape, and nearly half the diameter of the shell. H. dalli: Shell barrel-shaped, dotted or necked, widest below the middle, the internal column similarly shaped, half the diameter of the shell. H. strebeliana: Shell cylindric, very blunt at the ends, dotted, the internal column cylindric and one-third the diam- eter of the shell. H. microstoma (species no. 25) and H. imbricata (sp. no. 26) may belong to this subgenus, but their internal charac- ters are undescribed. 22. H. ELIZABETHAE Pilsbry. PI. 15, figs. 6-15 ; pi. 26, fig. 27. Shell rimate (rarely perforate), cylindrical or club-shaped; usually being wider and sometimes swollen above, terminating in a short cone; white or fleshy- white, the apical whorls gen- erally blackish; moderately solid. Whorls varying from 17 in short to 21 in long individuals, closely coiled and but slightly convex, the sutures slightly impressed, but sometimes emphasized by the slight angular projection of some whorls over those following. Earliest 2 whorls smooth (the first larger) , following 5 or 6 whorls of the cone closely and finely striate; subsequent whorls nearly smooth except the last, which has distinct riblets much narrower than their intervals. Last whorl rounded below, flattened above, somewhat pro- duced forward. Aperture rounded, the upper margin straightened, peristome expanded, thin. Interior pale ochre tinted. Internal column large, wider above; white, slightly contracted and smooth at the base within each whorl, else- where irregularly ribbed, the ribs narrow, oblique and acute, wanting within the whorls of the terminal cone. Length 21.6, greatest diam. (above) 6, diam. of penult, whorl 5 mm. ; whorls 21. Length 17, greatest diam. (above) 6, diam. of penult, whorl 5 mm.; whorls 17%. 100 HOLOSPIRA, SUBG. COELOSTEMMA. Length 19, greatest diam. (above) 5.6, diam. of penult, whorl 5 mm. ; whorls 19%. Length 18.6, greatest diam. (above) 5.3, diam. of penult, whorl 5 mm. ; whorls 20%. Length 15.4, greatest diam. (above) 5.7, diam. of penult, whorl 4.8 mm. ; whorls 17%. Length 15, greatest diam. (above) 5.3, diam. of penult, whorl 5.3 mm. ; whorls 17. State of Guerrero, Mexico: Amula, between Chalapa and Tixtla (H. H. Smith). Holospira elizabetha* PILS., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1889, p. 81, pi. 3, f. 1-5.— CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1892, p. 272, pi. 5, f. 6, 6 a.— v. MARTENS, Biologia, Moll., p. 635.— Holospira claviformis v. MARTENS, Biologia Moll., p. 277, pi. 16, f. 10-16 (December, 1897). This species varies from a nearly cylindrical to a club-like shape, and from short to lengthened. Occasionally the upper part is swollen and bulbous, as in fig. 7 (above fig. 8). The shape of the internal column varies with that of the shell, but it seems always to be at least a little wider above. Thus in two specimens the measurements of shell and axis are as follows : Length 17%, diam. above, shell 6.3, axis 3.1; diam. in penult, whorl, shell 5.5, axis 1.8 mm. Length 18, diam. above, shell 5.2, axis 2.5 ; diam. in penult, whorl, shell 5, axis 1.8 mm. The terminal cone is short and well defined from the cylin- drical portion. One of the original specimens has built out a second peristome on the face of the last whorl, at a right angle to the normal one, in consequence of a hole accidentally broken there. H. elizabetha and H. claviformis were described from spec- imens out of the same lot. Mr. Smith showed me a half pint or more of them, on his return from Mexico in 1888. 23. H. DALLI Pilsbry, n. sp. PI. 26, figs. 28, 29, 30, 31. Shell narrowly umbilicate, barrel-shaped, widest below the middle, slowly tapering both downwards and upwards, then HOLOSPIRA, SUBG. COELOSTEMMA. 101 rapidly contracting above in a short terminal cone; white with a pmk or flesh tint, rather profusely dotted and sparsely streaked, and with the apical whorls also fleshy. Whorls 193/2, the first 2 smooth, corneous-brown, the initial whorl being wider and projecting nipple-like ; succeeding whorls up to about the 9th rapidly widening the cone, but extremely short and slowly increasing in width ; then the shape becomes subcylindric, the girth slowly widening as far as the 3d and 4th whorls from the last, which are widest. The last whorl is distinctly narrower and tapering, its latter half rounded below, flattened above, and angular at the junction of outer and upper surfaces; produced forward. Sculpture of very fine, close striae on a few whorls succeeding the smooth apical two, the rest of the shell nearly smooth except the latter half of the last whorl, which is sharply, irregularly striate. Aper- ture rounded, with an angle at the junction of upper and outer margins; peristome expanded, somewhat thickened. Interior slightly ochre-tinted. Column very wide, of the shape of the shell, widest within the 3d and 4th whorls from the last; sculptured with narrow, spaced riblets, often crenu- late or interrupted, and closely-strewn granules; the sculp- ture obsolete on the upper third of the column and within the last whorl. Length 15, greatest diam. of shell 6, of internal column 3 mm. Sierra Guadalupe, Mexico, at 6,500 ft. elevation (Dr. E. W. Nelson) . An extraordinary species, with the internal column wider than in any other known form of the genus, and copiously granulose as well as ribbed — a modification parallel to what occurs in some forms of Ccelocentrum. While not always as wide as the figured specimen, it apparently never becomes cylindrical and slender like the following species. 24. H. STREBELIANA Pilsbry, n. sp. PL 26, figs. 24, 25, 26, 28. Shell perforate and rimate, long and cylindrical, terminat- ing above in an extremely short cone with mammillate apex; blue-white or lilac-white, copiously dotted and with a few 102 HOLOSPIBA. oblique streaks of fleshy-brown, several earlier whorls of the same color. Whorls 19% to 211/4, hardly convex, the first two smooth, following whorls of the cone densely and finely striate, the cylindrical portion smooth except for indistinct, subobsolete, coarser wrinkles; last whorl either smooth or regularly ribbed, its latter half with crowded and rather sharp striation; it tapers downwards, and is well rounded beneath, flat above, and considerably built forward. The aperture is rounded-piriform, angular at the upper outer part; peristome white, expanded and subreflexed, straight- ened above. Interior ochre-brown ; the column is also tinted, small for a Coelostemma, and of about equal width throughout the cylindrical portion, one-third the diameter of the shell. Its surface is glossy and sculptured with slightly oblique, subvertical riblets, with a few granules in places, formed by their dislocation. Length 16, diam. 5.5 mm. ; whorls 191/2. Length 17.2, diam. 5.4 mm. ; whorls 211/4. Sierra Guadalupe, Mexico, at 6,500 ft. elevation (Dr. E. W. Nelson) . This species is chiefly remarkable for its long, cylindrical, many-whorled shell, very blunt at the ends. While related to H. dalli by its coloration and short apical cone, it differs conspicuously in the slender internal column, as well as by its pillar-like shape. The specimens occurred with H. dalli and H. nelsoni. SPECIES OF UNKNOWN SYSTEMATIC POSITION. 25. H. MICROSTOMA (Pfeiffer). PI. 15, figs. 4, 5. Shell subperf orate, cylindrical, smooth, chalky; spire di- lated above, passing into a short and rather acute cone ; suture impressed. Whorls 18, rather flat, equal, the upper ones plicatulate, the last striated, free in front, carinated above, angular at the base, the angle disappearing anteriorly near the mouth. Aperture small, vertical, subtriangular ; peri- stome narrowly expanded throughout. Length 15i/2, diam. 5 mm. ; oblique length of aperture 2% mm. (Pfr.) Habitat unknown (Cuming coll.). HOLOSPIRA. 103 Cylindrella microstoma PFR., P. Z. S., 1861, p. 27; Malak. Blatter viii, 1861, p. 81; Monogr., vi, p. 390. — Holospira microstoma Pfr., FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Sclent. Mex., Moll., i, p. 337, pi. 17, f . 9.— v. MART., Biologia, p. 278. The interior is unknown, but it probably belongs to Ccelo- stemma, differing from H. elizabethce and strebeliana in the angular base, and from the latter in color and the longer ter- minal cone. The figures are from Fischer & Crosse. 26. H. IMBRICATA (v. Martens). PI. 15, figs. 1, 2. Shell imperforate, obovate, swollen above, then passing into a short cone, rather solid, ribbed, gray- whitish ; the apex en- tire, projecting. Whorls 16, flat, the first 2 smooth, following 7 rather rapidly increasing, sculptured with strong oblique ribs, the succeeding 4 whorls more slowly decreasing in cali- bre, some being over-lapped by the projection of the preced- ing; penultimate and last whorls arcuately costate, the ante- rior part of the last free, built forward, curved in, the base hardly angular. Aperture vertical, obliquely piriform, peri- stome wanting in the type specimen. Length 16, diam. at 10th whorl 8, at penult, whorl 5% mm. ; alt. of aperture 4, width 3 mm. (v . Mart.) Mexico (Uhde). Cylindrella (Holospira) imbricata MART., Monatsber. Berl. Akad. Wissensch., Nov., 1863, p. 540; Malak. Blatter, xii, 1865, p. 15, pi. 1, f. 2, 3.— PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 390.— Holospira imbricata Martens, FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 336.— v. MART., Biologia, Moll., p. 273, pi. 16, f. 25. "This very distinct species does not appear to have been found by any subsequent collector. It differs from all others of the genus in the short, club-like form of the shell, the greatest diameter being in the tenth whorl ( at about one-third of the whole length, as seen from above) , the following whorls diminishing remarkably in diameter, and the under edge of some of them projecting a little over the following whorl. Fischer and Crosse 's figure of H . gealei resembles it somewhat in outline, but is not so strikingly swollen above, and wants the vertical costae." (v. Mart.) 104 HOLOSPIRA. 27. H. CRETACEA (Pfeiffer). PL 15, figs. 16, 17. Shell rimate, oblong- turreted, cretaceous; spire more swol- len in the middle, the apex subtruncate or terminating in a short cone; suture shallow. Whorls 13-14, a trifle convex, smooth, the penultimate semiplicate, the last strongly ribbed, base compressed-carinate, anteriorly horizontally and shortly built forward. Aperture vertical, subtriangular ; peristome continuous, rectangularly spreading throughout. Length 24, diam. 7, oblique length of aperture 5%, width 4% mm (Pfr.) Mexico (Cuming coll.). Cylindrella cretacea PFR., P. Z. S., 1860, p. 140; Malak. Blatter, 1861, p. 81 ; Monogr., vi, p. 389. — Holospira cretacea Pfr., F. & C., Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 335, pi. 17, f. 8.— v. MART., Biologia, p. 279. The interior is unknown. External features indicate, as von Martens remarks, a relationship with H. coahuilensis. 28. H. TERES (Menke). PI. 15, figs. 18, 19, 20. Shell cylindrical, with conic entire and acute apex, rimate, somewhat solid, opaque, white (candida), shining. Whorls 14, a little convex, the upper smooth, lower densely and ob- liquely, delicately costellate, scarcely protracted. Aperture orbiculate; peristome continuous, free, reflexed. Length 9.7, diam. 2.2 lines. (Menke.) State of Pueblo*, Mexico (Liebmann). Cylindrella teres Mke., Zeitschr. f. Malak., iv, p. 1 (1847). — PHILIPPI, Abbild., iii, p. 5, pi. 3, f. 5, 6. — PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 381 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 59, pi. 6, f . 28, 29.— Holospira teres Mke., FISCH. & CROSSED Moll. Mex., p. 327. — CROSSED Journ. de Conch., 1892, p. 263.— v. MART., Biologia, p. 279.— H. t. var. minor MARTENS, 1. c., based upon var. B, Fischer & Crosse, 1. c., pi. 17, f . 3 ; cf. CROSSE, J. de C., 1892, p. 264, pi. 5, f . 9.— H. t. var. hogeana v. MART., 1. c., p. 280, pi. 16, f. 17. A white, earthy species of rather large size, Pfeiffer giving the dimensions, length 22, diam. 5% mm.; aperture 4 mm. long, 41/2 wide. Nothing is known of its internal structure. Form minor v. Martens. (PL 15, figs. 21, 22.) Smaller UROCOPTINAE. 105 than the typical form, with only 12 whorls, the 7th, 8th and 9th swollen. Length 12, diam. 4 mm. Occurs in the State of Puebla, coll. by Liebmann. It is probably only a small individual, such as occur in many species. Var. hogeana v. Martens. PL 23, fig. 71. "Aperture with a distinct angle outwardly and above, as in H. goniostoma; size, sculpture and color as in H. teres. Whorls 15. Length 17, greatest diam. 4%, of penult. whorJ 3% mm.; length of aperture 3% mm. (v. Martens.) Maltrate, on the railway between Vera Cruz and the city of Mexico, a little west of Orizaba, eastern slope of the plateau. (Hoge). This variety is probably identical with the prior H. vera- cruziana Dall, p. 85. Subfamily UROCOPTINAE Pilsbry. The Antillean genera of UrocopUdce form a subfamily dis- tinct from the mainland forms by (1) the specialization of the teeth, the central row being narrow, without ectocones, the side teeth having ectocones widely separated from the meso- cones, and none of them developing the entocone; (2) the jaw is very thin and delicate, high-arched, composed of many nar- row plaits converging mesially, as in Drym&us. To what extent the soft anatomy differs can only be determined by further investigation; but in the single Antillean species I have thoroughly examined there are several features widely diverging from the Mexican genera. An inconsiderable number of species of this subfamily have gained a foothold on the mainland. See under Cochlodinella, Brachypodella and Macroceramus. In dealing with Jamaican forms I have been materially assisted by Messrs. P. W. JARVIS and JOHN B. HENDERSON, JR. Mr. Jarvis supplied a large series of specimens, many of which are illustrated on the following plates, and furnished data upon the distribution of the species which could have been obtained from no other source, together with notes upon the species, valuable on account of his large experience with 106 UROCOPTIS. Jamaican snails. Mr. Henderson with the greatest gene- rosity placed his whole collection, the results of two journeys to Jamaica, at my disposal. Having at my hand the results of the studies of two specialists upon the Jamaican fauna, the following account has been made much more complete than would otherwise have been possible. Genus UROCOPTIS Beck, 1837. Urocoptis BECK, Index Molluscorum, p. 83, for petiveriana Fer. ; blainvilleana Fer. ; cylindrus Ch., Dw. and Wood ; rosata Fer. ; glandula B., abltreviata B., coarctata B., Lister H., xxi, 17; truncatula Lam. (clausilia) ; gracilicollis Fer. — J. E. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, p. 177, Turbo cylindrus selected as type. — PILSBRY & VANATTA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1898, pp. 267, 270, 274:—Cochlodina FEB., Tableau System, etc., pp. 24, 61 (1822?) in part.— Cylindrella PFR., Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 1840, p. 41, in part. Shell lengthened, either cylindric, fusiform or oval, usually losing the early whorls in adult life; whorls usually numer- ous, narrow and'slowly widening, compactly coiled around an imperforate columellar axis. Jaw delicate, arched, composed of numerous plaits. Radula with teeth in V-shaped rows, the centrals small, side teeth all of the same general form, gradually decreasing from the inner to the outer, having large, gouge-shaped mesocones and \arge posterior cusps (ectocones). Type U. cylindrus. Distribution, Jamaica, Haiti and Cuba, with a single spe- cies in southern Florida. This genus has usually been known as Cylindrella, owing to the use of that name by Dr. L. Pf eiffer who for thirty years or more, in the middle of the last century, was justly held to be the chief authority in the world on land snails. The name Urocoptis ("cut tail," in allusion to the truncation of the spire) was proposed several years earlier than Cylindrella, for the same group, by H. Beck, also a naturalist of marked genius in taxonomic studies. The list of species cited by Beck as components of his new group included no less than six undescribed forms, the first recognized species of the num- UROCOPTIS. 107 ber being cylindrus, which was selected as type of the group by Gray in 1847. Probably all of the species cited by Beck belong to th'e group of large typical forms, except the last, gracilicollis, which is a Brachypodella. Only two of Pfeif- fer's original list of Cylindrella belong to the genus Urocoptis as now understood, five preceding them falling in Brachy- podella, and one following is a Clausilia. The subgenus Cochlodina of Ferussac contained several species of Urocoptis, together with many species of Clausilia and other genera ; but his diagnosis agrees only with Clausilia. The standing of Urocoptis as the generic name for the present group seems therefore secure. Two species, U. sc&va and U. coronadoi, are sinistral. All the rest are dextral. Soft Anatomy of Urocoptis. The foot (in U. brevis from Milk River, Clarendon, Ja- maica, and U. poeyana, Miami, Florida) is very short; upper surface irregularly granose, without pedal grooves or a dis- tinct margin ; sole not divided longitudinally, finely wrinkled transversely in alcoholic preparations of U. poeyana, irregu- larly and coarsely so in U. brevis. The mantle has small right and left neck-processes near the pneumostome. The genitalia (pi. 27, fig. 44, U. brevis x 5). Atrium very short. Penis (p.) very stout, without special retractor mus- cle, the apex being attached to the right ocular muscle. There is an ample vagina, the spermatheca (sp.) being small and ovate, on a very long duct (d. sp.) . The uterus is long, ample, and sacculate as usual. The ovo-testis is imbedded in the lower lobe of the liver, and is lodged near the base of the conic portion of the shell. The free retractor muscles (pi. 27, fig. 44, U. brevis x 5). The right ocular retractor (r. o.) is united for some distance with the columellar muscle (tail and mantle retractor, c.). The left ocular band (I. o.) and the pharyngeal retractor are free to their common insertion with the columellar muscle, on the axis of the shell in about the fourth whorl. The apex of the penis is attached to the right ocular band, which thus functions also as a penial retractor muscle. 108 UROCOPTJb. The pharynx is short, shaped as in the Helicidae. The long, slender salivary glands are united posteriorly. The right gland excretes through the left duct, the left 'through the right duct. The oesophagus is very slender (pi. 27, fig. 44). The fore-gut is closely applied to the central axis, curves lat- erally to pass into the stomach (pi. 27, fig. 45, st.), which is white and somewhat over a whorl long. A short loop is formed shortly beyond it (fig. 45, g2, g3), making the digestive tract four-folded, as is the rule in Stylommatophora. The hind- gut (fig. 45, g4) follows the suture, being peripheral in position. The liver (fig. 45, I) occupies the first two whorls exclusively, and its lower lobe (removed in fig. 45) extends at least two whorls further down, sharing the space with the stomach and ovo-testis. The jaw (pi. 50, fig. 8, U. dautzeribergiana) is highly arched, thin, composed of many narrow, subvertical, slightly imbricating plaits, which converge downward, leaving several short plaits in the middle. The number of plaits varies from 32 in U. elliotti to 56 in U. sanguined. The radula is long and rather narrow, varying more in width than in length. Teeth are arranged in V-shaped trans- verse rows, the apex of the Y directed inward. The general form of the individual teeth is shown in fig. 6 of plate 60, rep- resenting the third left lateral tooth of Urocoptis ventricosa seen from above, and fig. 5, the fourth lateral, in profile. The basal plates (&) are quadrangular in general contour. At the middle of the inner side of the plate the mesocone (m) arises, usually bending forward as far as the posterior edge of the basal-plate or further. In my figures the overhanging portion of the cusp is shaded for the sake of greater distinct- ness. At the posterior outer margin of the basal-plate the ectocone (e) rises, also bending backward. The "bases of the two cusps are generally connected by a ridge on the face of the basal-plate (r), but sometimes this is indistinct or want- ing. The cusps are both long, though the ectocone stands so erectly that in a view from above it is much foreshortened. These structures are sufficiently shown in figures 1, 5 and 6 of plate 60. UROCOPT1S. 109 The central row of the radula consists of teeth decidedly narrower than the others, and having a single, simple cusp. The side teeth are all of the same form fundamentally, as de- scribed above, merely decreasing in size and becoming shorter towards the lateral borders of the lingual band; some of the outer teeth usually distorted, being inclined obliquely inward. The cusps are very broad, blunt and rounded distally, and the sides of the reflected portion usually overhang the peduncle somewhat. The modification of the radula in the subgenera Urocoptis, Cochlodinella, Idiostemma, Maceo and the several sections subordinate to Gongylostoma, is not great. In some forms there are many, in others few teeth in a transverse row, and when few, the teeth diminish rapidly in size, and espe- cially in length, giving the row an irregular appearance. These minor modifications are shown in the figures of plates 60 and 61, and are described below. The chief peculiarities of the radula are the wide separation of ectocone from meso- cone, the total absence of any indication of an entocone, even on the outer teeth, the narrowness of the central teeth and the absence of side cusps thereon, and the obliquity of the trans- verse rows. Subgeiius UROCOPTIS. In all the Jamaican forms the cen- tral tooth is very narrow. Laterals numerous and similar, the formula being 14.1.14 = 29 in U. lata manchionealensis (pi. 60, figs. 1, 2, 3) ; fig. 1 representing a lateral tooth in pro- file. In U. sanguinea, Fischer found 12.1.12 x 115 teeth ; in U. brevis, 10.1.10 x 103. In the section Bactrocoptis, U. rosea montana (pi. 60, fig. 4) has 13.1.13 teeth, like those of the larger species. In U. poeyana (pi. 61, fig. 19), belonging to the subgenus COCHLODINELLA, the radula is very small, with 10.1.10 teeth, the middle tooth comparatively wide, its cusp as large as the ectocone of the adjacent lateral. In this respect the radula resembles that of Gongylostoma and Autocoptis, and differs conspicuously from that of Jamaican Urocoptis. Subgenus AUTOCOPTIS. The teeth of U. sericea (pi. 50, figs. 9, 10) resemble those of Cochlodinella and Gongylostoma in the lengthened mesocones, comparatively large ectocones, and wide teeth of the central row. 110 UROCOPTIS. In the subgenus ARANGIA the radula is unknown. Subgenus IDIOSTEMMA. In U. perlata (pi. 61, fig. 18) the formula is 9.1.9 ; in U. lateralis (pi. 61, fig. 17), 8.1.8. In both the central tooth is quite narrow, its cusp decidedly smaller than the ectocones of the adjacent lateral teeth. The meso- cones of the outer teeth are very oblique in U. perlata. The number of teeth in a transverse row, 17 to 19, is less than in any other group of Urocoptis except some forms of Gongylo- stoma. In the section Maceo, U. interrupt a has 8.1.8 teeth, like those of U. lateralis in form. Subgenus GONGYLOSTOMA. In U. elegans, the type of the subgenus, there are 12.1.12 teeth (pi. 60, fig. 8, U. e. auberi- ana) . The central teeth are wide, as in Cochlodinella poeyana and the other species of Gongylostoma, their cusps about as large as those of the ectocones of the adjacent laterals. All of the cusps are very large and broadly rounded. In the section Pycnoptychia, Binney found 8.1.8 teeth in Z7. humboldtiana, and Fischer reports 14.1.14 in U. sc&va. If correct, this indicates that the two species are less closely related than their conchological characters indicate. In section Esocliara, U. fabreana (pi. 61, figs. 13, 14) has 10.1.10 teeth. They resemble those of U. elegans in form, but are larger than in any other Urocoptis examined. The cen- trals are narrower than in related groups. U. ornata, the sole species of section Sectilumen, has 8.1.8 teeth in the specimen I examined (pi. 61, fig. 16), 9.1.9 in that figured by Binney. Except in diminishing more rapidly in size, the teeth do not differ materially from those of U. In section Liocallonia, U. vincta (pi. 63, fig. 1) has 12.1.12 teeth, closely crowded and regular, with large cusps. Except in standing closer, and diminishing in size only in the outer- most 3 or 4, they are not unlike those of U. elegans. The radula of Liocallonia as well as the shell is less specialized than in Callonia. In U. dautzenbergiana (pi. 60, fig. 9) of the section Cal- lonia, the teeth differ from those of U. elegans in having the cusps narrower distally, ovate as seen from above. There UROCOPTIS. Ill are 9.1.9 teeth. In U. elliotti Fischer found 14.1.14 teeth. They decrease rather rapidly in size towards the edges of the ribbon, as in Idiostemma. In the section Tomelasmus, U. sauvalleana has 20.1.20 teeth, very regular and slowly decreasing towards the edges of the radula, much as in typical Urocoptis. U. pruinosus (pi. 61, fig. 15) has 12.1.12 teeth, not mate- rially unlike those of U. elegans, but the cusps are a little narrowed, as in U. dautzenbergiana. In U. ventricosa (pi. 60, figs. 5, 6, 10) the formula is 9.1.9. Teeth formed as in pruinosus, but of course decreasing more rapidly. In the slender, long, Brachypodella-like U. wrighti of east- ern Cuba (pi. 61, fig. 12) there are 9.1.9 teeth, shaped like those of U. ventricosa except that the outer ones are more oblique and shorter. In U. baculum (pi. 60, fig. 11) the ra- dula is even narrower, teeth 7.1.7, the two outer on each side rudimentary and very oblique, and there is a somewhat abrupt decrease from the second to the third lateral, to some degree approaching the condition of the less modified forms of Brachypodella. The centrals are rather wide, as usual in Gongylostoma. Further notes on the teeth of slender species may be found under Cochlodinella and Tomelasmus (pi. 63). From the above it will be seen that the greatest modifica- tion of the radula is found in Idiostemma, Callonia and cer- tain species placed in Tomelasmus, such as U. ventricosa and U. ~baculum. In these forms there has been extensive reduction in the number of teeth in a transverse row. This reduction is not correlated with, either a particular shell-contour or axial sculpture, though it accompanies, in most cases, highly evolved and variously aberrant shells. The several forms in which the tooth-formula has been specialized by reduction are not closely related. The tooth-reduction must be looked upon as a secondary modification undergone by several phyla. The central tooth is very narrow in the Jamaican subgenus Urocoptis; rather narrow in Idiostemma, and comparatively wide in the subgenera Gongylostoma, Cochlodinella and Auto- coptis. 112 UROCOPTJS. Compared with Holospira, Urocoptis shows many important differences in the soft anatomy, besides the divergence in jaw and dentition already exposed by Fischer and Crosse. The free retractor muscles differ in the much shorter union of the right ocular and columellar bands in Urocoptis, while the left and pharyngeal bands, united in Holospira roemeri, are inde- pendent in Urocoptis brevis. The penis has a normal re- tractor in Holospira, but in Urocoptis its annexation to the ocular band reminds one of the condition obtaining in many Achatinida. I regret that I have not been able to obtain any of the larger species of Jamaica, Haiti or Cuba in condition for dis- section. The above descriptions are based upon three speci- mens of the rather small U. brevis, kindly supplied alive by Mr. G. H. Clapp. The shell has to be removed with dilute acid, after which the manipulation is not difficult except for the tight coiling of the whorls. Subdivisions of Urocoptis. Subgenus UROCOPTIS Beck. Central teeth of the radula extremely narrow; lateral teeth almost uniform in size and shape, only a few of the outer- most shortened and diminished. Shell brown, pink or purple, uniform, or with a sutural band, regularly striate, the axis slender and straight or rarely thickened by a low, wide spiral cord. Jamaica. Section Spirocoptis Pils. Shell rather large ; axis distinctly twisted or encircled by a smooth, low, obtuse spiral plait. Type U. sanguinea. Section Urocoptis Beck. Shell rather large; axis slender, straight and simple. Type U. cylindrus. Section Bactrocoptis Pils. Shell small and slender; axis simple and. thin. Type U. rosea montana. Subgenus AUTOCOPTIS Pilsbry, 1902. Central teeth of the radula wide, approaching the ectocones of the laterals in width. Shell rather large, capacious, the axis straight and simple, its base encircled in the last whorl UEOCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 113 by a low ridge, sometimes united with the axis. Haiti. Type U. monilifera. Subgenus COCHLODINELLA Pils. and Van. Central teeth of the radula wide; laterals rapidly diminish- ing, their number reduced. Shell small, thin, with a slender, simple axis. Western Cuba. Similar to Gongylostoma in dentition, but the axis is a simple style. Type U. poeyana. Subgenus ARANGIA Pils. and Van. Shell lengthened, carinate ~below, the axis with a strong me- dian spiral lamella. Eastern Cuba and Gonave Island. Type U. sowerbyana. Subgenus IDIOSTEMMA Pils. and Van. Central teeth rather narrow. Shell long, the axis encircled by a low double cord which is obliquely nodose or ribbed, or having the nodes transformed into pairs of hooks. Eastern Cuba. Type U. uncata. Subgenus GONGYLOSTOMA Albers. Central tooth of the radula rather wide, its cusp about equal to the ectocones of the adjacent laterals. Shell long, the axis encircled by a thin sub-basal lamella, the edge of which is spinose or serrate, at least in the earlier whorls; frequently with spiral lamellae above the dentate one. Cuba, chiefly in the west. Type U. elegans. Two groups formerly subordinated to Urocoptis belong elsewhere; Amphicosmia of Haiti standing with Brachy- podella, while Spirostemma, a Jamaican group, is related to Anoma (Lia). Subgenus UROCOPTIS Beck. Jamaican forms with the central tooth of the radula very narrow, and the axis of the shell simple or weakly twisted. Section Spirocoptis Pilsbry, 1902. Urocoptis with the shell rather large and stout, the internal pillar distinctly twisted or with a single smooth obtuse spiral plait. Type U. sanguinea Pfr. Distribution, Jamaica. UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. This group differs from typical Urocoptis in the torsion of the columellar axis, a feature not hitherto noticed in Jamai- can species. U. brevis, in which the pillar is slightly twisted, forms a connecting link between this line of evolution and the typical Urocoptis. Two species, U. sanguinea and U. lata, occur in the eastern half of Jamaica, and two, U. ame- thystina and U. megacheila, in the extreme west. (Speira, spire, and koptein, cut.) 1. Peristome free throughout. U. lata, no. 1. 2. Peristome adnate above. a. Blood-red or brown ; 20 x 7 to 29 x 9% mm. U. san- guinea, no. 2. &. Dark purple-brown or plum color; lip extensively adnate above ; stouter, 24.5 x 8.7 to 28 x 10 mm. U. megackeila, no. 4. c. Dark red-brown with a dusky-purple subsutural belt; narrower, 23 x 6 mm. U. amethystina, no. 5. Another species, U. instabilis, no. 3, is provisionally re- ferred to this section. Its axis is unknown. These snails live on the ground, among the scrub and dead leaves, and are of about the color of their surroundings. 1. U. LATA (C. B. Adams). PL 30, figs. 42-50. * ' Shell very robust, cylindrical in the lower three-fourths, rapidly tapering above; wax color, with a dark brown line next below the suture; with excessively minute, crowded transverse [obliquely longitudinal] stride; anterior spiral keel very prominent ; apex not very broadly truncate, with the loss of — whorls ; whorls remaining 8%, very narrow, slightly convex, with a lightly impressed suture. Aperture consider- ably produced beyond the penult, whorl, transversely ellip- tical; lip broadly reflected. Length .86 inch, breadth .33 inch." [21.5x8.3 mm.] Jamaica: John Crow Hills, in the northeastern portion of Portland. Map 2, area no. 1. Cylindrella lata AD., Contrib. to Conch, no. 5, p. 82 (1850). — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 569. — SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 7, f. 58.— C. lata var. product a C. B. AD., Contrib. no. 9, p. 161 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 115 (1851). — C. rosea Pfr., JOHNSON & Fox, Nautilus, v, p. 34 (July, 1891). — C. bacquieana Chitty (?), HENDERSON, Nau- tilus, viii, p. 19, no. 91. Adams ' original description is given above. The typical form of the species may be known by its rather obese form, somewhat suddenly contracting above, the very superficial sutures, the unusually strong, pinched-up, basal carina, and the peculiar internal pillar, shown in pi. 30, figs. 45, 49, 50. Within the last 4 whorls it is a stout column having a rather weak spiral trend ; this becoming a strong twist in the fourth whorl from below. Above this the pillar abruptly becomes very slender, with but a slight twist. Other characters of note are the great solidity of the shell, its small and rather long neck and the irregular shape of half -grown shells (fig. 47). Shells sent by Mr. Jarvis from Rodney Hall (pi. 30, figs. 42-45) and Moore Town (pi. 30, fig. 46), Portland, agree well with Adams' description. Specimens from the former locality measure 22.5 x 8.5 mm., whorls 8% ; 20 x 7.8 mm., whorls 8% ;16.8 x 6 mm., whorls 7, etc. The brown sutural band is often wanting. In Moore Town lata the apical whorls are smooth, similar to pi. 32, f . 82. A slender variety (pi. 30, figs. 48, 49) from Rural Hill (Jarvis) has 8% to 10 whorls, a nearly circular mouth, and the slender neck of the typical form. It is cylindrical and narrow, and the brown internal axis is more slender, but the thickened part extends a whorl farther up. Length 22, diam. 6.6 mm., with 10 whorls; length 19, diam. 6 mm., with 8% whorls. With some specimens of lata in the A. D. Brown collection there was a young shell, pi. 30, fig. 47, and pi. 32, fig. 80, in which the apex is costellate. I am now inclined to think that it belongs to some other species. Var. antonionis nov. (pi. 30, figs. 51, 52). At Port An- tonio the shells collected by Henderson and by Fox are decid- edly narrower and more cylindrical, 22 x 7 mm., with Sy2 whorls. The color is dingy reddish-yellow, darker at the suture, and the neck is not so long. The internal characters 116 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. differ somewhat, the pillar being large in the penult, and next earlier whorls, decidedly smaller in the next preceding (while in the obese form it is most strongly twisted there). Var. producta C. B. Ad. Form "much more elongate, sub- conic. A specimen is 1.23 inch long and .34 inch broad" [Ad.]. Known to me by the above note only. It is larger than any form of the species I have seen, measuring about 303/4 by 81/2 mm. Var. MANCHIONEALENSIS nov. (pi. 29, figs. 35-37). There is also a small form of lata in the collection of the Academy, taken at Manchioneal, in western Portland, by Messrs. W. J. Fox and C. W. Johnson. It measures 17 x 6.3 mm., with 8 whorls. The pillar is unusually slender, but noticeably spiral, the curvature greater in the fourth whorl up, as usual. The apex (pi. 32, fig. 82) is smooth, and the early whorls are attenuate. Subsp. ISCHNOSTELE nov. PL 30, figs. 53, 54. Shell tawny with darker sutural border, in shape like the subcylindric forms of U. lata, from which it differs in being much thinner, with the internal column straight, slender and tapering. Length 24, diam. 8 mm. ; length 22, diam. 7 mm. Special locality not known. In this form the pillar resembles that of the typical species of Urocoptis, but in external characters it is identical with lata, so that I dare not separate it specifically. 2. U. SANGUINEA (Pfeiffer). PL 31, figs. 61-69. "Shell rimate, truncate, ovate-cylindrical, solid, glossy, brownish blood-red; suture linear; whorls 10. subequal, a little flat, subarcuately and closely rib-striate, the last whorl not free, obsoletely angular at the base, a little more strongly ribbed anteriorly. Aperture subvertical, orbicular; peri- stome white, scarcely continuous, broadly expanded, shortly reflexed, appressed above. Length 26, diam. 9, width of aper- ture with peristome 7% mm." (Pfr.) Jamaica (Pfr.): St. Catherine at Thetford near Bushy Hill (Jarvis) ; Bogwalk (Henderson) ; St. Andrew at Stony UROCOPTIS OP JAMAICA. 117 Hill ( Jarvis, Henderson) ; Portland, on the northern water- shed, at Bellevue (Henderson). Map no. 2, area no. 4. Cylindrella sanguinea PFR., in Philippics Abbild., etc., ii, p. 48, pi. 2, f. 15 (October, 1845) ; Monographia, ii, p. 371; iii, p. 568; Conchyl. Cab., p. 8, pi. 1, f. 18-20.— GLOYNE, Journ. de Conchyl., xx, 1872, p. 35.— CROSSE & FISCHER, J. de C., 1870, pp. 9, 12 (radula, jaw).— W. G. BINNEY, Notes on Amer. Land Shells, in Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, of N. Y., xi, p. 34 (genitalia). — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 12.— HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 85. — BLAND, Amer. Journ. of Conch., iv, p. 186 (jaw). — G. cylindra Chem., HEN- DERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 84. Pupa rosea C. B. ADAMS, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 102 (Feb., 1846) .— Cylindrella carnea C. B. AD., Contrib. no. 2, p. 22 [6] (Oct., 1849), with var. cerina.— ^. Urocoptis coarctata BECK, Index Moll., p. 83, based upon Lister, Hist., xxi, 17. Pfeiffer's description is given above, and his figures copied on pi. 31, figs. 61, 62, 63. The type was a more swollen form than that ordinarily encountered, and further differed in hav- ing 10 whorls, while the usual range is from 7 to 9. C. carnea C. B. Ad. is universally admitted to be the same species, but the name applies especially to the more slender and cylindric form shown in fig. 64. The color varies from crimson or brownish-red to purplish or light yellowish-brown. Some of the specimens from Stony Hill are almost as purple as U. cylindrus. The striae are rather widely spaced, separated by intervals of double their own width. The circle of the peristome is interrupted above for a short distance, the lip usually being brown-tinted; basal keel is inconspicuous or almost obsolete. The internal pillar is rather stout and strongly twisted spirally in the last four whorls, less so but still perceptibly twisted above. The spiral is stronger than in U.megacheila or U. amethystina. Specimens from Bellevue (pi. 31, figs. 65, 66, 69) are rather large and somewhat swollen, and in color vary from purplish- red to pale brown, always with a dark sutural border. Ex- tremes measure: 118 UROCOPTIS OP JAMAICA. Length 26, diam. 8.3 mm., whorls Sy2- Length 20.5, diam. 7.8 mm., whorls iy2. From Stony Hill, in St. Andrew (fig. 64), the shells are similar but dull purple, without the brilliant red coloring of many Bellevue examples, and the axial spiral is perceptibly wider, less sharp. Var. cerina C. B. Ad. At Bogwalk, on the Cobre River, in St. Catherine (pi. 31, figs. 67, 68), the shells are slender, cyl- indric and dull dark brown or pale brown, some with a slightly purple shade. There are 9!/i> to 10 whorls. The axial fold is strong and somewhat acute. Length 24, diam. 7 mm. Length 21, diam. 6.5 mm. Yar. meridionalis. At Thetford, near Bushy Park, in the southern part of St. Catherine, a cylindrical red variety oc- curs (pi. 31, fig. 70). The shell is comparatively slender, usually with 9% convex whorls. Internal pillar twisted as usual. Length 22, diam. 6.5 mm. The largest specimen of U. sanguinea I have seen measures 29 mm. long, 9% wide, and has 9% whorls. Var. PERPLEXA (Vendryes) . PL 34 a, figs. 11, 12. ' ' This variety was collected at Water House, an abandoned sugar estate, now turned into a grazing pen and negro provi- sion grounds, in the upper northern portion of the Liguinea plain, where the limestone hills of the Red Hills range begin to rise. The aperture is produced and the peristome is de- tached all round; whilst in the typical sanguinea the peri- stome above is closely soldered to the body-whorl, and often so much attenuated at the point of attachment as to form a thin film. The shell is of medium size and dark colored; there is a narrow line of a deeper tint than the ground color, but rather dingy, running next to the suture along the lower part of it and extending to within it. This form is very per- sistent in the locality mentioned." (Vendryes). Cylindrella (Thaumasia) sanguinea Pfeiffer, var. perplexa VENDRYES, Nautilus, xv, p. 3, pi. 1, f. 11, 12. UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 119 3. U. INSTABILIS (Vendryes). PL 34 a, figs. 9, 10. "Shell ovate-cylindrical, solid, rimate; color dark sanguin- eous, not unlike that of some specimens of Cyl. sanguinea, but the surface of instabilis exhibits in most specimens semi- hydrophanous, more or less wide, transverse patches sparsely and irregularly occurring, and apparently produced by some indistinct lesions of the very thin epidermis ; spire describing a well-drawn-out ovate outline ; apex broadly truncate with the loss of 6 to 7 of the earlier volutions, whorls remaining 7 to 8, almost entirely plain in some examples, or moderately convex in others, subarcuately, obliquely and closely costulate striae; the last whorl not detached in some examples, and de- tached and produced in others, and generally more strongly sculptured than the penult, and other whorls, with a well- pronounced carina at the base; suture lightly impressed and submargined; aperture slightly oblique, circular in some ex- amples or transversely narrowed in others ; peristome slightly tinged with the prevailing ground color of the shell, well expanded all around and reflected, not continuous above, but attenuated or reduced to a mere film and appressed to the body whorl in some examples, or in others detached and con- tinuous, and produced outward near the upper part of the right side of the aperture and with a sinus or notch on the produced part. Long., 24 to 25 mm. ; diam. at middle of spire, 9 to 10 mm. ; aperture with peristome appressed, 8 mm. high and wide; when produced and with peristome detached, 6 mm. high, and 6 to 7 mm. wide." (Vendryes.) Jamaica: Phoenix Park, near the Monarque in the parish of Saint Ann ; environs of Brown 's Town in the same parish. (Vendryes.) Cylindrella (Thaumasia) instabilis VEND., Nautilus, xv, p. 4, pi. 1, f. 9, 10 (May 1, 1901). "In several of its characters this species is rather incon- sistent. In specimens found side by side and manifestly of the same brood, some examples show strong affinities with Thaumasia sanguinea, others with Thaumasia cylindrus, others again with Gongylostoma lata (f Thaumasia lata), in so far that it becomes often very difficult to locate them deci- 120 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. sively. In the two species figured, one has the lip appressed, as in sanguinea; in the other it is detached and expanded to- wards the right side of the aperture and bears a notch or sinus. In one the sculpture is decidedly like that of san- guinea, in the other it is like that of cylindrus, but stronger. In specimens with the aperture but slightly produced and the peristome uninterrupted by attenuation and adhesion to the body whorl, or produced and not bearing a sinus, the resem- blance to lata is very great." (Vend.} Known to me by the original description and figures only. The internal column is unfortunately unknown. When ex- amined it will doubtless throw light upon the obscure rela- tionships of the form. It occurs in an area (map no. 2, area 17) where no other large Urocoptis has been noticed. 4. U. MEGACHEILA (Chitty). PL 31, figs. 57, 58. Shell solid and strong, shortly rimate, oblong-cylindric, rapidly tapering above, dark purple-brown or plum color, with a darker band below the suture; finely striated. 7^- Sy2 whorls remaining, the last with a low basal carina. Aper- ture brown within, the peristome fleshy-brown, very broadly expanded and flatly reflected, discontinuous above, the ends being connected by a wide bluish or lilac-white parietal callus. Internal column stout, distinctly sinuous and grooved at the root within the penultimate and next earlier whorls, becoming slender and straight above. Length 28, diam. 10 mm. ; width of apert. with lip 9.7 mm. Length 24.5, diam. 8.7 mm.; width of apert. with lip 8.7 mm. Jamaica: Moreland, in Westmoreland (Jarvis), and En- deavor, near the southern border of Hanover (Chitty). Map 2, area no. 13. Cylindrella megacheila CHITTY, Ann. of the Lye. of Nat. Hist, of New York, vi, p. 155, pi. 5, f. 1, 2 (1855).— PPB., Monogr., iv, p. 692.— SOWB., C. Icon., xx, pi. 6, f. 54.— Uro- coptis megacheila Ch., P. & V., Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1898, p. 274. A very distinct species, much stouter in figure than the UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 121 allied U. amethystina, and with a less strong spiral twist of the pillar than either that or U. sanguinea. 5. U. AMETHYSTINA (Chitty). PL 31, figs. 59, 60. Shell shortly rimate, cylindrical, slightly and slowly taper- ing above, dusky red-brown with a blackish-purple belt below the suture, finely rib-striate, the striae nearly straight. Whorls about 9%, somewhat convex, the last not free in front, with a low basal carina. Aperture subvertical, brown inside, the peristome broadly expanded and reflexed, adnate above, nearly white, rather thick. Internal column strongly twisted spirally in the penultimate and next earlier whorls, much less twisted in the next whorl upward, slender and straight above. Length 23, diam. 6 mm. Jamaica: Mor eland, in Westmoreland, and. Endeavor, in the adjacent part of Hanover. (Chitty.) C. amethystina CH., Ann. Lye. of N. H. of New York, vi, p. 156, pi. 5, f. 3, 4 (1855), with var. cerina. — PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 697.— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 15 (not good). This species resembles U. megacheila in color, but is more like the more cylindrical form of U. sanguinea in shape. The color is sometimes pale brownish with a dark sutural belt, and according to Chitty "a variety occurs of a waxy color, which I designate C. amethystina var. cerina." The speci- mens figured were sent by Chitty. It has not been found by recent collectors. Section Urocoptis s. str. The typical forms of Urocoptis are moderately large, densely striate shells, in which the axis is slender and straight, U. cylindrus being the type. All are Jamaican. The species fall into three groups, of which that of U. brevis forms a con- necting link with the preceding section. 1. Group of U. brevis. Rather small, oblong species with the summit rounded, axis a little sinuous or straight, the apex (in U. brevis) ribbed. 2. Group of U. cylindrus. Cylindric, moderate or large shells, with simple axis. 122 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 3. Group of U. nobilior. Turrite, tapering large species. They live on the ground among leaves, etc. U. ndbilior occurs at Bogwalk in a talus of decomposed shaly rock, of which the shells are almost exactly the color. The wide range of variation and the intergradation of geo- graphically adjacent races, renders the definition of species exceedingly difficult. Clear definitions and easy "keys" can- not be expected where no sharp distinctions exist in nature. There has been a good deal of differentiation, so that in the areas where the divergence of the various forms is most accen- tuated, they seem to be fairly distinct as species go ; but else- where a multitude of less divergent local forms occur, more or less uniting the several main races. (Group of U. brevis.) 6. U. BREVIS (Pfeiffer). PL 33, figs. 96-99, 1-3, 10-12; pi. 32, figs. 76, 84, 86. "Shell rimate, truncate, cylindric-ovate, the apex rounded, obtuse ; very closely, obliquely rib-striate ; pale brown, a little glossy. Whorls 7, flattened, the later ones subequal, the last whorl shortly free, the base usually very obsoletely carinate. Aperture circular; peristome broadly expanded and a little reflexed. Length 16%, diam. 7 mm. ; diam. of aperture 5 mm." (Pfr.) Jamaica : Widely distributed along the south coast, from St. Thomas to St. Elizabeth, and inland 6 or 7 miles, but not above 500 ft. elevation (Jarvis). Area 3 of map no. 2. Helix brevis Fer. in Mus., according to Pfr. — Cylindrella brevis PFR., Symbols, i, p. 47 (1841) ; in Philippi, Abbild., i, p. 185, pi. 1, f. 1; ii, p. 49, pi. 2, f. 18; Monogr., ii, p. 371; Conchyl. Cab., pi. 2, f. 10-17.— ORB., Moll. Cuba, i, p. 182, pi. 12, f. 12-14.— DESK, in Fer., Hist., ii, p. 226, pi. 164, f. 10-12. — CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conchyl., 1870, p. 9, 12, pi. 3, f. 6 (jaw), pi. 5, f. 14.— GLOYNE, J. de C., 1872, p. 34.— BLAND, Amer. Journ. of Conch., iv, p. 186 (jaw). — JOHNSON & Fox, Nautilus, v, p. 34. — RUSH, Nautilus, v, p. 69, no. 118. —HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 86 (except loc. Ocho . — yClausilia torticollis CROUCH, Illustr. Introd. to La- UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 123 marck's Conchology, p. 28, pi. 15, f. 3 (1827).— Cyl. columna var. intermedia C. B. AD., Contrib. no. 2, p. 22.— W. bulbi- formis Sows., Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 11, f. 103 (1875). An abundant and well known species, readily recognized by the short shell, very strongly tapering apical cone, narrow truncation, and the much-expanded, trumpet-like peristome, which is thin and sharp-edged. The slender internal column is perceptibly twisted. The original description is given above, and the original figures copied, pi. 33, figs. 10, 11, 12. The truncate portion consists of 5 or 6 attenuated whorls forming a nipple-like apex. The first two whorls are verti- cally ribbed, the riblets delicate and widely spaced; the follow- ing whorls are more closely and obliquely rib-striate (pi. 32, fig. 86, specimen from Cambridge, St. James). Specimens from Rock Fort, near Kingston, are typical. Figs. 96, 97; pi. 32, fig. 76 (x 20), further illustrate this form, which varies in size from 13% to 18% mm. long ; whorls com- monly 7% to 83/4. Color dull light brown, varying to dull roseate, dull purple or white. At Long Mountain, near Kingston (pi. 33, figs. 1, 2, 3), the size varies more : Length 20, diam. 6.5 mm. ; whorls 8%. Length 17, diam. 5.2 mm. ; whorls S1/^. Length 11.5, diam. 4.7 mm. ; whorls 6%. At Cambridge Hill, St. Thomas, the shells vary less in size, and are glossy, with smooth, flat striae. Specimens from Round Hill, near Milk River, St. Cathe- rine (pi. 33, fig. 99, pi. 32, fig. 84), are similar to those from Long Mt., but are more coarsely striate and less variable in size. An albino specimen is figured. Cylindrella 'bulbiformis Sowerby (pi. 33, fig. 4) seems to be a specimen of U. brevis which has retained the apex to matu- rity. The original description follows: " Shell shortly fusi- form, pink, very finely striated, ventricose; apical whorls contracted, middle convex, inflated, last narrow, notched, hardly unwound; aperture large, rather round; margin round." The habitat is unknown, and it may possibly prove to be a Haitian Brachypodella. 124 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. U. brevis has been reported from Falmouth (Trelawny) by Henderson as Cyl. obesa C. B. A. (Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 88). The specimens (pi. 35, fig. 59) agree with U. ~brevis in the shape, narrow truncation, trumpet-like aperture, fine striation and the weakly indicated basal keel. The color is dark brown, paler above, and white behind the thin-edged lip. I can find no character to separate them from U. ~brevis; and if there is no mistake as to the locality, the anomalous distribution may possibly be explicable as a case of coloniza- tion by the accidental transportation of living individuals with plants or goods. The locality is as far as possible re- moved from the known area of U. brevis. Var. obesa (C. B. Adams). PI. 33, fig. 95; pi. 32, fig. 78 (x20). 11 Differs from C. brevis invariably in having the raised lines comparatively very distant. It is limited to a small district, on both sides of which C. brevis is widely distrib- uted." "Length .57 inch, width .235 inch" (C. B. Ad.}. Figures 95 and 78 are from a specimen from the author. This so-called variety occurs in several lots before me mingled with a very closely striate form, the var. densestriata of Adams (pi. 32, fig. 79, x20). The form obesa has coarser, the form densestriata finer sculpture than typical U. brevis; but I do not attach much weight to these differences. Pupa obesa (with var. densestriata) C. B. A., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1845, p. 15.— C. obesa and C. densestriata C. B. A., Contrib. to Conch, no. 2, p. 22. Var. COLUMNA (C. B. Adams). PI. 33, figs. 5-9; pi. 32, fig. 77 (x20). "Perhaps a variety of C. brevis Pfr., but the spire has rec- tilinear and almost exactly parallel outlines in its lower two- thirds or three-fourths; the shell is longer; the whorls are wholly flattened ; the lip is more widely spread ; and the striae are as small as in the more finely striated varieties of C. brevis. Length .72 inch, breadth .22 inch [18, 5.5 mm.] ; of another, length .575, breadth .18 inch" [14.4, 4.5 mm.] ( C. B. Ad.). UROCOPTIS OP JAMAICA. 125 Rock Fort, near Kingston (Johnson and Fox, figs. 9, 77) ; Hope River, farther eastward, 5 or 6 miles from Kingston (Henderson and Simpson, figs. 5-8). Cylindrella columna AD., Contrib. no. 2, p. 22 (Oct., 1849). — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 570. — HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 89 (not no. 81). — C. brevis var. intermedia C. B. A., HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 87. A short, pillar-like form, typically quite easily distinguished from brevis. Even more frequently than in brevis, the peri- stome remains adnate above. It is common a few miles east of Kingston. At an old lime-kiln at Rock Fort the shells are about 13 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, with 7 to 9y2 whorls, and chiefly brownish (figs. 8, 77). Specimens from Hope River (pi. 33, figs. 5-8) are much more variable in size: Length 21, diam. 7.2 mm. ; whorls 9%. Length 17, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 9. Length 11.5, diam. 4.3 mm. ; whorls 7%. All intermediate sizes are fully represented. The whorls are flat or slightly convex, and the color varies from gray- white to occasional pink shells. • C. columna "var. intermedia more resembles C. brevis in having the whorls a little convex ; but the shell is longer than the type of C. columna, and the aperture is a little larger. Length .78, breadth .22 inch [19.5, 5.5 mm.]" (C. B. Ad.). This form seems to have very slight claims to varietal distinc- tion. I would refer the specimens before me, so named by Adams, to U. brevis. Var. ABBREVIATA (Deshayes) . PL 33, figs. 90-94. One of the most cylindric of the genus ; broadly truncate at the summit, the spire very obtuse ; composed of 6 nearly flat whorls, very slowly increasing, and joined by a simple, super- ficial suture. The last whorl is very short, a little higher than wide, its length about two-thirds that of the spire, base very convex, bearing a narrow, obtuse angle, further down than in other species. The aperture projects forward but little, is entirely free, circular, white; peristome thin, sharp, and strongly reflexed. Surface covered with very fine, regular 126 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. oblique striae. The shell is thin, semi-transparent, of a very pale whitish corneous-brown, the last whorl having a narrow, reddish-brown band at the base, its edges shading into the ground color of the shell. This zone/ cut by the suture, gen- erally ascends the preceding whorls, but never reaches the apex. Length 14, diam. 5 mm. Cyl. abbreviates DESH., in Fer. Hist., ii, p. 226, pi. 164, f. 13-15. — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 565. The locality of this form is unknown. In a tray of three specimens before me, one (pi. 33, figs. 93, 94) has the basal and suprasutural band as described by Deshayes; another has a dark band beneath the suture (fig. 94), while the third has no bands. It is doubtless a local race of U. brevis. Figs. 90-92 of pi. 33 are copied from Deshayes, from whose account the above description was taken. 7. U. OVATA (Deshayes). PL 33, figs. 87-89. "Shell somewhat acorn-shaped, oval, very obtuse at the summit, very broadly truncate, tapering at the ends. The spire is composed of 7 very flat whorls, united by a perfectly superficial and sometimes very obscurely margined suture. The last whorl is extremely short, its diameter is less than that of the preceding whorl. It is provided in front with a small, obtuse keel, a little compressed on each side. The aper- ture is entirely detached, is irregularly circular and projects obliquely forward. The thin and sharp peristome is strongly reflexed. The whole surface is covered with extremely fine striae, very elegant by their regularity; they are obtuse and distinctly curved. They disappear on the ventral surface of the last whorl, to reappear on the back, but coarser and more spaced. The whole thin and semi-transparent shell is of a very pale, uniform rose color. Length 20, diam. 8 mm." (Desk.). Jamaica. C. ovata DESK., in Fer., Histoire, ii, p. 227, pi. 164, f. 7-9.— PPB., Monogr., iii, p. 565. "Very closely related to C. brevis of Pfeiffer. It is dis- tinct by several characters, and may be recognized at sight by the more swollen shape. " UROCOPTIS OP JAMAICA. 127 The information given by Deshayes is repeated above, and his figures are copied, pi. 33, figs. 87-89. These indicate a thin shell with weak basal keel, and it is doubtful whether this exact form has been identified, and even whether it may not prove to belong to the brevis chain of variations. Yar. SANCTAEANNAE nov. PL 58, figs. 65, 66 ; pi. 32, fig. 81. American and Jamaican collectors have identified as C. ovata a species (pi. 58, figs. 65, 66) found along the northern coast in northern St. Ann and northeastern Trelawny, map no. 2, area 16. It varies from flesh-pink to light brown-pink, is somewhat barrel-shaped, decidedly swollen, thick and strong. The last whorl is shortly free, but more so than U. brevis, and it has a rather strong basal keel. 6% to 7% whorls remain, the apex being generally more broadly trun- cate than in U. brevis. The rounded aperture is wider than long, with a continuous, free, broadly expanded and well re- flexed peristome, which is noticeably thickened, and rolled backwards at the edge, instead of being acute like that of U. brevis. The axis is rather stout, but not in the least twisted, thus differing from that of U. brevis. Specimens of average dimensions measure 17% mm. long, 7% wide, with 7 whorls; and length 19, diam. 7 mm., with 8 whorls. There is but little variation in size among the large series seen, from the Henderson and Jarvis collections. It extends eastward to Ocho Rios and Braco, St. Ann. The young stage is still unknown. This form was recorded as C. ovata Desh? and probably as C. brevis Pfr., Ocho Rios, by Henderson, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, nos. 83, 86. 8. U. HENDERSONI n. sp. PL 35, figs. 55-58 ; pi. 32, fig. 83. Shell cylindric or oval-cylindric, very solid, flesh-colored or rarely yellowish, sculptured with comparatively coarse rounded riblets narrower than their intervals. Spire mode- rately or but slightly tapering, broadly truncate. Whorls 7 to 7y2, rather convex, the last shortly free in front, having a low but rather wide basal keel. Aperture transversely oval, 128 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. the upper margin being straightened; pale fleshy-brown in- side. Peristome expanded, somewhat reflexed, somewhat thickened, whitish. Internal axis straight, stout and tapering within the last two whorls, slender above. Length 16.4, diam. 5.7 mm. ; whorls 7%. Length 15, diam. 5.7 mm. ; whorls 7. Jamaica: St. Ann's (Henderson & Simpson). Cyl. striata Chitty (?), HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 82. This species is related to U. ovata sanctaanna, but differs in being much more slender and more coarsely ribbed. U. gravesii has a more slender neck and is very minutely sculp- tured. A large series was collected by Mr. J. B. Henderson, Jr., in 1893-4. The fully adult shell seems to lose, in many cases, all of the tapering whorls, as in fig. 58 ; but most of the speci- mens taper somewhat above, though less than in U. gravesii. The smallest specimen measured is 14.5 mm. long, 4.8 wide, with iy2 whorls ; the widest is 6 mm. in diam., with a length of 15. The enlarged figure of sculpture (pi. 32, fig. 83) shows how strongly it differs from U. ovata sanctceannce (fig. 81), or U. Irevis (fig. 76). The sculpture of U. olesa (fig. 78) is almost equally coarse, but less strongly in relief. All of these figures are enlarged 20 diameters. Group of U. gravesii. 9. U. GRAVESII (C. B. Adams). PL 33, figs. 14-17. Shell cylindric-fusiform, solid and strong, gray-white, glossy, sculptured with close, fine, regular, smooth, straight striae. Whorls 7 to 11, but slightly convex, the last free in front, with a very weak basal keel or none. Aperture sub- circular, the peristome broadly expanded and reflexed, some- what trumpet-shaped. Internal column straight and simple. Length 22.5, diam. 6.3 mm. ; whorls 9. Length 18.5, diam. 5.5 mm.; whorls 8. Length 16.5, diam. 5 mm. ; whorls 7%. Length 15.5, diam. 5.3 mm. ; whorls 7. UROCOPTID^E. PLATE 16. 10 15 Uroeoptidse. PLATE 18 \ 33 38 40 Urocoptidse. PLATE 19 Uroeoptidae. Uroeoptidse. PLATE 21 37 38 39 40 41 Uroeoptidse. A. PLATE 2 2 Uroeoptidse, PLATE 23. 62 PLATE 24 4 Uroeoptidse, PLATE 25. LI 9 13 Uroeoptidse PLATE 26 Urocoptidae PLATE 27 Uroeoptidae, PLATE 28. 10 11 14 15 16 17 Urocoptidae, I PLATE 29. 20 23 29 30 31 3 I 35 I I Uroeoptidse, PLATE SO. Uroeoptidse PLATE 31 57 G9 Uroeoptidse, PLATE 32. V \\ \ V'::X 83 Urocoptidse 89 90 PLATE 33 91 96 97 95 93 10 11 12 14 16 17 Uroeoptidse, PLATE 34. UEOCOPTIS OP JAMAICA. 129 Jamaica : St. James and Trelawny parishes, along the coast from a short distance east of Falmouth to the neighborhood of Montego Bay, and 6 to 8 miles inland. Map no. 2, area 15. Cylindrella gravesii C. B. A., Contrib. no. 2, p. 21 (Oct., 1849).— PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 570; Conchyl. Cab., pi. 9, f. 6-8, — SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 3, f. 18. — HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 90. More slender than U. ovata, and distinguished from U. dubia and all of that group by its usually whitish color, and the more or less trumpet-shaped aperture. Figs. 16, 17 rep- resent specimens from Adelphia, St. James (Jarvis). Messrs. Henderson and Simpson found it at Little River and Montego Bay, in the same parish. Some specimens from the last locality are tinted rose-brown. The young shell (pi. 64, fig. 3, Montego Bay) tapers some- what more regularly than U. procera and its allies, the deci- duous portion consisting of about 15 whorls, the apical 2% smooth. 10. U. TRANSPARENS (Pfeiffer). PI. 33, figs. 13, 18, 19. Shell deeply rimate, cylindric-turreted, very closely sub- arcuate-striate, transparent, alabastrine; spire noticeably at- tenuate; suture hair-margined. Whorls remaining 7, moder- ately convex, the last rounded, very obsoletely angulate, free in front for a somewhat long distance. Aperture slightly oblique, somewhat irregularly rounded, narrowed by a slight columellar fold in the throat ; peristome continuous, reflexed throughout, somewhat flexuous, white. Length 18V2> diam. 6^/2 ; aperture with peristome 5 mm. long, 5y± wide (Pfr.) . Jamaica (Bland). Mt. Diablo (Jarvis, Henderson). Map no. 2, area 6. C. transparent PFR., Malak. Blatt., xiii, 1866, p. 87; Monogr., vi, p. 369 ; Novit. Conch., p. 432, pi. 97, f . 3, 4. Pfeiffer's original description is given above, and his fig- ures are copied, pi. 33, figs. 18, 19. They indicate a shell related to U. gravesii and U. procera. The Mt. Diablo shells referred to transparens (pi. 33, fig. 13) have narrower striae than U. gravesii, the intervals double 130 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. the width of the riblets. They are white, with the basal keel very weak in some shells, but rather strong in others. Speci- mens measure : Length 21, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 8. Length 18, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 7. Length 18%, diam. 6.2 mm. ; whorls 7%. 11. U. ASPERA (C. B. Adams). PI. 29, figs. 38-41; pi. 32, fig. 85. Shell shortly rimate, oblong-cylindric, strongly tapering above, the truncation quite small; solid and strong, dull red or flesh-colored, usually paler on the lower whorls, the last •one sometimes nearly white. Surface lustreless, sculptured with sharp narrow, arcuate stria, more widely spaced than •usual in allied species. Whorls typically 9 to 10, somewhat •convex, the last tapering downwards, obtusely subangular around the axis, and encircled by a distinct or weak cord-like carina, becoming free in front. Aperture whitish within; peristome free and entire, broadly expanded and reflexed, the upper margin noticeably straightened, elsewhere rounded. Internal axis slender and straight. Length 23.5, diam. 7.5 mm. (Adams' type). Length 25, diam. 7.7 to 8.2 mm. ; whorls 10. Yallahs R. Length 20, diam. 7.2 mm. ; whorls 9. Yallahs R. Length 22, diam. 7.2 mm. ; whorls 9y2. Yallahs R. Length 19, diam. 6.3 mm. ; whorls 9~y2. Creighton Hall. Length 21.5, diam. 7.2 mm.; whorls 9y2. Creighton Hall, Length 19, diam. 7 mm. ; whorls 8%. Greenhall. Jamaica: Yallahs River (Henderson), Greenhall and Creighton Hall (Jarvis), St. Thomas, from the coast to 1800 ft. elevation. Map no. 2, area 2. Cylindrella aspera C. B. A., Contrib. to Conch., no. 2, p. 21 (Oct., 1849).— PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 564; Conchyl. Cab., p. 13, pi. 2, f. 18, 19.— HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19 (June, 1894). — SOWB., C. Icon., xx, pi. 1, f. 1. Probably Yallahs River (figs. 38, 39, 85) was the type lo- cality, as specimens from that place agree perfectly with the original description. Those from Greenhall (figs. 40, 41) are UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 131 shorter, more pupiform, and with decidedly more widely spaced strias. Group of U. cylindrus. Rather broadly truncate, large, and often beautifully col- ored forms, with simple, straight internal pillar (pi. 41, fig. 76, U. ambigua var. magna), the peristome normally free above, the striation fine and close. These forms are distributed throughout the interior of the western half of Jamaica eastward to Clarendon. The several races, though given specific rank, are only nominal species, as intergradation closely connects the whole series. It is often a very difficult matter to tell where to place some specimens — indeed it becomes merely arbitrary where the characters of two forms are about equally mingled. There are no natural lines of demarcation. The nominal species are typically characterized as follows, beginning with the easternmost : No. 12. U. procera: Shell rather slender, tawny (or sometimes pink) ; basal keel strong. No. 13. U. dubia: Shell slender and small, dingy rose tinted; basal keel weak. No. 14. U. ambigua: Shell stouter, roseate or rose-brown; basal keel short, weak. Length 19-26 mm., three times the diam. var. fortis: Shell wider, the diam. more than one-third the alt. ; 25 x 9 mm. var. magna: Much larger, solid, rose-colored; basal keel weak, var. elizabethensis: Narrow and parallel-sided, whorls flattened. Diam. less than one-third the length. No. 15. U. cylindrus: Shell thin, purple; basal keel strong. var. rubella: Smaller, bright red. No. 16. U. zonata: Shell brownish-pink or purple, with a white sutural band. 12. U. PROCEBA (C. B. Adams). PL 29, figs. 21-24. Shell shortly rimate, slender, the lower three-fifths cylin- dric, upper portion slowly tapering, the apex broadly trun- 132 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. cate ; thin ; ' ' reddish or yellowish-brown ; ' ' surface but slightly shining or lustreless, very densely and finely striate. Whorls about 91/2 (7% to 11), slightly convex, separated by a well marked suture, the last whorl shortly free in front, having a strong spiral carina at the base, extending upon the lip. Aperture oblique, subcircular, the peristome white, expanded and reflexed, slightly guttered at the termination of the basal carina. Internal axis white, slender and straight. Jamaica: Interior of Clarendon, the most strongly marked form very local, at Teak Pen and a few miles around, where it is abundant ( Jarvis) ; but smaller forms extend westward to Clarendon Park, Clarendon, and Peace River, Manchester (Jarvis). Map no. 2, area 7. Cylindrella procera C. B. A., Contrib. to Conch., no. 7, p. 102 (April, 1850). More slender and lengthened than U. anibigua, and with the basal keel more pronounced; moreover, the typical procera is not rose-colored, but tawny. But the specimens from Man- chester are in some cases difficult to separate from ambigua. The ranges of the two overlap, and there is probably pretty complete intergradation. The area marked for procera on the map defines only the more typical form, excluding the rather wide range westward of varietal modifications. Figures 21, 22 represent typical specimens from Adams, exact locality unknown. At Teak Pen, in central Clarendon (pi. 29, figs. 23, 24), the shells are still longer: Length 32, diam. 7.7, whorls 12. Length 29, diam. 7.5, whorls 10y2. Length 24.7, diam. 6.5, whorls 10. Color dull or rather dark red-brown; basal keel strong; internal pillar stronger and shell decidedly thicker than in the typical form. At Clarendon Park, near the western edge of Clarendon, and at Peace River, Manchester, the shells are small, about 24 x 6.5 mm., with 8-9 whorls, a strong basal keel, and more or less roseate color. The rejected spire consists of about 13 whorls, the first two smooth and glossy. The outlines are irregular, the spire UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 133 being a little contracted just below the smooth apex, and more so just before the beginning of the permanent whorls. Fig. 1 of pi. 64 is from a specimen in coll. of G. H. Clapp, retaining all but the first whorl ; loc., interior Clarendon. 13. U. DUBIA (Chitty). PL 29, figs. 18, 19, 20. "Of the C. rosea group. Shell ovate-conic, much elon- gated, dingy rose color; lip white; moderately coarse oblique stria of growth; keel nearly obsolete; last whorl very much rounded, and brownish; spire with convex outlines; apex truncate, with the loss of — whorls; 7% whorls left, very convex and rather shouldered, with a deeply impressed suture ; last whorl moderately produced, subangular on the right side and at the upper part of the left. Aperture large. Lip spreading much on the left lower extremity, thin shining and slightly reflected. Length .67, breadth .17, breadth of lip .17 inch." (Chitty). Jamaica : Parish of St. James, near Maroon Town ( Chitty, Jarvis), and at Montpelier (Henderson); Mackfield, West- moreland (Jarvis). Cylindrella dubia CHITTY, Contrib. to Conch., no. 1, p. 13 (October, 1853).— PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 697. Distinct from ambigua by its smaller size and especially the more slender form. Specimens from Maroon Town and Hanna Rock, five miles distant (pi. 29, figs. 18, 19), vary widely in size : Length 16.5, diam. 4.3 mm. ; whorls 7%. Length 15, diam. 5.5 mm. ; whorls 6%. Length 21.3, diam. 5.6 mm. ; whorls Sl/2. Length 20, diam. 6.2 mm. ; whorls 7%. The mouth is almost circular, the upper margin of the lip being more arcuate than is usual in U. ambigua. The whorls vary a great deal in convexity, but are often more convex than in U. ambigua. The basal keel is weak or almost want- ing, and in the form from around Maroon Town it is not •strengthened just behind the lip, as it generally is in ambigua. A large series collected by Henderson and Simpson at Mont- pelier, on the western border of St. James, is less variable in 134 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. size and shape than the Maroon Town shells, conforming to a narrowly cylindric type, about 21 by 5.7 mm. A few strag- glers have been taken with the small form of U. zonata, at Mackfield, Westmoreland, by Mr. Jarvis 'vfig. 20). The area no. 14 on map 2 is the metropolis of U. dubia, but according to Mr. Jarvis it occurs in small numbers a good distance from this center. 14. U. AMBIGUA (C. B. Adams). PI. 29, figs. 25-32. Shell cylindric, moderately tapering above, rather widely truncate, thin, but usually stronger than U. cylindrus; rose- pink or pink-brown. Surface usually shining, finely and closely, obliquely striate. Whorls 7-10, varying from slightly to distinctly convex, the last whorl shortly free in front, rounded beneath, except behind the lip, where there is a short keel. Aperture transversely oval, the peristome continuous, whitish or isabelline, expanded and reflexed, the upper margin straightened. Internal pillar slender and straight or nearly so. Length 23.6, Manchester. Length 20, Manchester. Length 19, Manchester. Length 26, Chester. Length 18.5-20.5, diam. 7 mm.; whorls 7. Mandeville, Manchester. Jamaica: N.-W. Clarendon and southern Trelawny, Man- chester and St. Elizabeth parishes. Map no. 2, area 8, 8 a and 8 b, but far more abundant in area 8. Cylindrella ambigua C. B. A., Contrib. no. 2, p. 21 (Oct., 1849).— C. rosea var. ambigua C. B. A., Contrib., p. 183, no. 174 d (1851). — C. rosea Chemnitz, SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 11. — C. rosea Pfr., DESHAYES, in Fer., Histoire, p. 225, pi. 164, f. 4-6 (enlarged).— HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 94; and of Jamaican and American collectors gen- diam. 7.4 mm.; diam. 7.5 mm. ; diam. 6.5 mm. ; diam. 8.5 mm. ; whorls 9!/3 whorls 6%. whorls 7%. whorls 8. Williamsfield, Williamsfield, Williamsfield, Pratville, Man- UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 135 erally. — C. rosea v. fortis C. B. A., HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 95. — C. rosea var. fortis C. B. A., Contrib. no. 9, p. 161 (1851). The following references to "C. rosea" probably pertain to the present species : Amer. Journ. Conch., iv, p. 186 ; v, p. 37 (jaw figd.) ; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., iii, p. 125; Journ. de Conch., 1870, pp. 9, 12, 25 (teeth) ; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1873, p. 248 ; Beitr. Mex. Land- u. Susswasser- Conch., iv, p. 106, pi. 13, f. 6, 7 (teeth). The name C. ambigua was originally given to a single ab- normal specimen of the form known to Adams as C. rosea, but not the rosea of Pfeiffer. In view of the error regarding the identity of rosea, Adams' brief notices of ambigua, magna, major and fortis are quite inadequate for recognition, and none of the names would stand if the form had been elsewhere properly denned. But Pfeiffer considered the whole series to be mere varieties of C. cylindrus; and in the absence of a competing name, it seems best to adopt the first one on Adams ' page, even though it was based upon a pathologic individual. U. ambigua differs from U. cylindrus in the rose instead of purple color, the usually far weaker basal keel, and the some- what stronger shell; but all of these characters vary within wide limits, so that there is no sharp line of demarcation between them. Mr. Jarvis distinguishes three races of U. ambigua: (1) the typical small form described above, which is found throughout the areas 8, 8 a, 8 6 of map 1, but is far more com- mon in Manchester, area 8. This form measures from 18 to 26 mm. long, and varies from a dull brown tint, scarcely per- ceptibly rosy (Mandeville, fig. 30), to a bright rose (Pratville, pi. 28, figs. 16, 17). The shells from Mandeville and those from Williamsfield, in Manchester (pi. 29, figs. 28, 29), are typical. A form apparently referable to typical U. ambigua (pi. 29, fig. 27) occurs at Great Valley Estate, Hanover (C. B. Tay- lor), in the area of U. zonata. The shells are a beautiful rose color. About 14 or 15 whorls are deciduous, the first 2i/£ being smooth. The earlier whorls are either pale or black. 136 UROCOPTJS OF JAMAICA. The spire is shaped like that of U. procera. PI. 64, fig. 2, is from a specimen in coll. G. H. Clapp. There is a white form of this species (pi. 29, figs. 31, 32), but its locality is unknown to me. At Spur Tree Hill, Manchester (Henderson), a form occurs (pi. 29, figs. 25, 26) varying in color from slightly olivaceous dull yellow to deep carmine-rose, the basal keel weak, as usual, often not developed on the first half of the base. A specimen measures 23.7 x 6.8 mm., whorls Sy2- In color some of these specimens approach U. procera. (2) Var. MAGNA (C. B. Adams). PL 28, figs. 1, 2, Spring Garden, Trelawny; fig. 3, Cowick Park, Trelawny; fig. 4, Aenon Town, N. border of Clarendon. Shell large and solid, of various shades of rose, whorls about 8, convex, the last with a faintly indicated keel only, rarely distinctly developed, and sometimes scarcely visible. Length 31, diam. 10 mm. ; whorls 8. Spring Garden. Length 31.5, diam. 8.7 mm. ; whorls 8y2> Spring Garden. Length 29.5, diam. 9.5 mm! ; whorls 7%. Spring Garden. Length 30.5, diam. 11 mm. ; whorls 7%. Aenon Town. Length 33.6, diam. 10 mm. ; whorls 9. Cowick Park. C. rosea var. magna and var. major C. B. A., Contrib. no. 2, p. 21. — C. cylindrus Chemn., in part, PFRV Conchyl. Cab., pi. 1, f. 26, 27.— SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f . 9 a, 9 &. This race includes C. rosea var. major C. B. A. It inhabits the high mountain region of the central part of the island, area no. 8 b of map 2. Besides the localities mentioned above, specimens also collected by Mr. Jarvis are before me from Mile Gully, Manchester and Maroon Town, St. James. Pos- sibly those from the latter locality may be referable to U. zonata, as the shells are solid, brown with a pale sutural bor- der, and a rather strong basal keel ; but the place is eastward from the well established range of zonata. The more solid shell, roseate color and weak basal keel sep- arate this variety from U. cylindrus. C. B. Adams' original descriptions ( !) follow: tl€ylindrella rosea Pfr. var. magna Ad. Length 1 inch: breadth .34 inch. UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 137 "Cylindrella rosea Pfr. var. major Ad. Length 1.3 inch; breadth .45 inch. ' ' Cylindrella rosea var. fortis. Shell as long as var. major, but with less diameter and more cylindric. ' ' The variety FORTIS C. B. Ad. (pi. 28, fig. 5) is intermediate between ambigua and magna in form and size. The figured specimen (no. 33 c, coll. J. B. Henderson, Jr.) was from C. B. Adams. It ha£ the usual weak basal keel, and measures, length 25.5, diam. 9.2 mm., and has iy2 whorls. A series of similar shells in the collection of the Academy indicates that it is probably a local race ; but the locality is unknown. (3) Var. ELIZABETHENSIS Pils. & Jarvis. PL 29, figs. 33, 34, Bogue Estate, near Balaclava, St. Elizabeth, Jarvis. Shell narrow and cylindric, the sutures scarcely impressed, whorls nearly flat. Length 25, diam. 7.3 mm. ; whorls 8. Bogue Estate. Type. Length 22.3, diam. 7 mm.-; whorls 8%. Hermitage, St. Elizabeth. Length 26, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 8%. Hermitage, St. JElizabeth. This race is commonest in area 8 a of map 2, in St. Eliza- beth. 15. U. CYLINDRUS (Chemnitz, Desh.). PL 28, figs. 6, 7, 8, 9. Shell cylindric, slowly tapering above and very broadly truncate; thin; dark purple, sometimes with a bluish "bloom" like that of a plum, or varying toward rose-purple ; the surface glossy, often with a silken lustre from the fine, smooth, close and even striation. Whorls 7% to 9, moderately convex, the last free in front, usually with a strong, cord-like basal keel, and conspicuously swollen at the shoulder, behind the aper- ture. Aperture oblique, transversely oval, the peristome Isa- bella tinted, expanded and broadly reflexed, the upper mar- gin much less curved than the other margins, a shallow gutter at the junction of the right with the basal margin. Internal axis very slender and straight. Length 27, diam. 8.2 mm.; whorls 9. Hills behind Blue- fields. 138 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. Length 23, diam. 8.3 mm. ; whorls 7y2. Hills behind Blue- fields. Length 31, diam. 9.6 mm. ; whorls 9. Mulgrave. Length 26.5, diam. 8.5 mm. ; whorls 8. Mulgrave. Length 21, diam. 7 mm. ; whorls 7%. Jamaica: From the cockpit country in S.-W. Trelawny to the coast in eastern Westmoreland. Chiefly west of the area occupied by the rose-colored forms, and east* of that of U. zonata. Map no. 2, area 11. Turbo cylindrus CHEMNITZ, Conchyl. Cab., xi, p. 279, pL 209, f. 2061, 2062 (1795).— DILL WYN, Descript. Catal., ii, p. 862 (1817).— Helix cylindrus WOOD, Index Testae., pi. 32, f. 113 a (copy from Chemn.). — Pupa cylindra GRAY, Ann. of Philos. (N. ser.), ix, p. 413. — Pupa cylindrus DESK, in Lam., An. s. Vert, viii, p. 194 (1838), and in Fer., Histoire, ii, p. 224, pi. 164, f. 1, 2, 3.—Cylindrella cylindrus Chemn., PFR., Symbols, ii, p. 136 ; in Phil., Abbild., i, p. 185, pi. 1, f . 2, and ii, p. 49, pi. 2, f. 11 (middle figure); Monogr., ii, p. 370; Conch. Cab., p. 6, pi. 1, f. 15-17. — GLOYNE, Journ. de Conchyl., xx, p. 35. — IPupa purpurea auct. angl., GRAY, Annals of Nat. Hist, v, p. 244, name only (1840). — ICylindrella pro- cera Ad., SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 14 (1872). This royal species is the first-described member of the group of large forms distributed throughout the interior of the western half of Jamaica. It differs from the large roseate forms chiefly in the stronger basal keel and the color, which, though subject to wide variation, is always more or less purple. The shell, moreover, is ordinarily much thinner, easily broken through with the point of a pen-knife, while the roseate forms are much stronger. The figures and description of Deshayes first put the spe- cies upon a scientific basis. Figs. 6, 7 illustrate the typical form, the specimens being from Mulgrave, in N.-W. St. Eliz- abeth (Henderson). Figs. 8, 9 are a slightly more slender form from the hills behind Bluefields, on the south coast of Westmoreland. Shells from Wi thorn (Henderson coll.) are similar in shape, but of a finer purple color. Sowerby's figures of cylindrus (C. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 9 a, 9 ft) are probably U. ambigua magna. UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 139 Var. RUBELLA (C. B. Adams). Related to P. cylindrus Desh., but the shell is smaller, brighter red; spire more slender above; whorls lost 14, 8 re- maining; lip thin, free from the penultimate whorl. Length of truncated portion .43 inch; of remaining part .7, width .3 inch (C.B. A.). Pupa rubella C. B. A., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 15 (1845).— Cylindrella rubella C. B. A., Contrib. to Conch., p. 39, no. 22 ; p. 183, no. 176. This form has never been properly defined, and its status remains uncertain. Adams in his first Catalogue bracketed rubella with cylindrus, and in the Catalogue of 1851 placed it between cylindrus and zonata, in both cases separating it from the so-called rosea group of forms. 16. U. ZONATA (C. B. Adams). PI. 28, figs. 10-15; pi. 30, figs. 55, 56. ' ' Shell cylindric in the lower two-thirds, very robust ; pink with a tinge of brown or purple, with a pearl-white zone along the suture; pale brown in the aperture ; with an elegant silky lustre produced by crowded, oblique, very fine striae. Spire with the outlines convex in their upper half; apex truncate. Whorls remaining 8, moderately convex, slightly margined on the lower side, with a moderately impressed suture. Aperture similar to that of C. rosea [ambigua], but more dilated in the lower part of the left side, and with the lip less expanded. Length 1.18, breadth .41 inch." (Adams) . Jamaica : Interior of the parishes Hanover, Westmoreland and southwestern St. James. Map no. 2, area 12. Cylindrella zonata C. B. A., Contrib. to Conch., no. 9, p. 161 (April, 1851. — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 568; viii, p. 431.— Sow- ERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 10 (1875). "It resembles C. cylindrus, but differs in always having a white zone and in being often tinged with brown ; it is much more robust. The aperture of C. cylindrus is more like that of C. rosea than of this shell." (Adams). The internal pillar is moderately strong and nearly straight. A similar white sutural border is occasionally present in U. 140 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. ambigua var. magna and var. elizabethensis. Fig. 56 of pi. 30 represents a specimen from Adams, of the typical pinkish-brown color ; length 29, diam. 10 mm., whorls 7%. Fig. 11 is a purple-pink specimen, length 26.5, diam. 10.2 mm., whorls 7y2. According to Mr. Jarvis, the white sutural band becomes more distinct in shells from the western part of the range of the species. Much smaller forms than those above noticed also occur. Figs. 13, 14, 15 represent a series from Mackfield collected by Mr. Jarvis. The shells are about 24x8 mm., with 7% to 8 whorls. Color a warm reddish chestnut (fig. 15) varying to purplish pink-brown (fig. 14), the white band distinct, and to a clear amethyst-purple (fig. 13) with narrow sutural band, or even blue-purple, as in U. cylindrus. The purple forms at this place appear as stragglers among the much commoner pink-brown type. In everything but color the whole series is practically alike. A few much smaller shells, doubtfully re- ferable to U. dubia, are also found with them, and I am some- what disposed to consider them as merely small zonata (pi. 29, %. 20). From the Great Valley Estate, Hanover, a series collected by Mr. C. B. Taylor is before me (pi. 28, fig. 10). The shells measure, length 24, diam. iy2 to 8 mm., whorls 8. The color is reddish purple-brown, dark or moderately pale, the white band conspicuous. With them are specimens of a smaller, more slender shell, pink in color, with a faint whitish sutural band (pi. 29, fig. 27), which seem indistinguishable from the typical U. ambigua, though west of the ordinary range of that species. Group of U. nobilior. In U. nobilor the peristome is adnate above, in U. bacquie- ana it is free. Otherwise the two species are somewhat similar. 17. U. NOBILIOR (C. B. Adams). PI. 31, figs. 71-75. Shell shortly rimate, cylindric-tapering, light yellowish- brown, often slightly darker at the suture; shining, sharply UROCOPTJS OP JAMAICA. 141 and finely, obliquely rib-striate. Whorls 8~y2 to lO1/^, some- what convex, the last not free in front, with a distinct basal carina, stronger on the latter half. Aperture slightly oblique, subcircular, pale within; peristome white or light, broadly expanded and reflexed, adnate above. Internal pillar slender and straight within each whorl. Young shell very long, slen- der and gradually tapering, many-whorled, so that if retained to the adult stage the shell would consist of over 20 whorls. Length 31, diam. 9 mm. ; whorls Length 34, diam. 9 mm. ; whorls Length 24, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 8y2. Jamaica: Northeastern part of St. Catherine, at Bogwalk (Henderson, Schumo, figs. 71, 72, 75) and Natural Bridge, Riversdale. Pupa nobilior C. B. AD., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 15 (1845). — Cylindrella nobilior Ad., PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 567; iv, 696; vi, 365. — HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19.— Cylin- drella binneyana C. B. Ad., PFR., in Philippi, Abbild., ii, p. 49, pi. 2, f. 11 (except middle fig.), 17; Monogr., ii, p. 373.— C. nobilior Adams, SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 6, f. 53. A strongly marked species, always pale colored, and differ- ing from other species with the peristome adnate, by its straight and slender internal column. Cylindrella transaperta Sowerby (Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 9, f. 77, 1875) seems to differ from U. nobilior chiefly in the broader, less rounded aperture. It is thus described: "Shell broad, subcylindrical, brownish, very finely striated; perma- nent whorls 9 or 10, straight-sided, upper narrow ; last rather square, with a long notch [rima] ; aperture transversely ob- long, inner lip touching, thick, white. The inner margin of the mouth touches the middle of the last whorl, across which it is extended. " Habitat unknown. Type in coll. Sowerby. PL 3, fig. 25, is a copy of the original figure. 18. U. BAQUIEANA (Chitty). PL 35, figs. 39, 40, 41. Shell cylindric- tapering, solid and strong, dingy light yel- lowish with a dark dull red narrow border above and below the suture, and a fainter reddish band above the basal keel; 142 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. finely and closely rib-striate. Whorls 9i/> (Sy2 to 10), mod- erately convex, the latter half of the last having a strongly pinched-up basal keel, becoming free in front. Aperture sub- circular, oblique, usually somewhat guttered at the position of the external keel; the peristome broadly expanded and re- flexed, white or brown-tinted, more or less angular at the ter- mination of the basal keel. Internal axis straight and simple. Length 36, diam. 9^2 mm. ; whorls 9%. Length 29, diam. 9 mm. ; whorls Sl/2. Length 26, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 8%. Jamaica: Durham (Chitty) and Good Hope (Jarvis), in southeastern Trelawny. Map no. 2, area no. 9. Cylindrella adamsiana CHITTY, Contributions to Conchology [no. 1], p. 13 (October, 1853). Not C. adamsiana Pfr., 1851. — C. baquieana CHITTY, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, of N. Y., vi, p. 156 (October, 1855).— PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 696; Conchyl. Cab., p. 10, pi. 9, f. 9, 10. This species stands near U. nobilior, but it differs conspicu- ously in the continuous peristome, which is always carried forward free of the preceding whorl. The typical form is restricted in range to a small area near Ulster Spring, in south- eastern Trelawny. Subsp. PUDICA Pils. & Jarvis. PL 35, figs. 42-46. Shell usually smaller, thin, dull rose colored, without a band at the suture ; basal keel less strong than in baquieana. Length 33, diam. 8.5 mm. ; whorls ll1/^. Length 31, diam. 9 mm. ; whorls 8*4. Length 26, diam. 8.7 mm. ; whorls S1^. Southeastern Trelawny and southwestern St. Ann; types from Cave Valley, in the latter parish. Area no. 10 of map no. 2. This form occurs over a much larger area than baquieana, Mr. Jarvis regarding the latter as a specialized local variety of this more widely distributed race. In one specimen of the type lot the peristome is shortly adnate above. The internal pillar is straight and simple. Figures 42-45 are from Cave Valley ; fig. 46 is the form from Aenontown, in which the axis is thicker. UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 143 Section Bactricoptis Pilsbry, 1903. Shell small, cylindric-tapering, finely striate, with the last whorl free, moderately keeled below. Axis simple and straight or slightly sinuous. Dentition as in the large forms of Urocoptis. Type U. rosea var. montana. (Bactricoptis, a cut stick.) These snails occur in the mountainous interior of the west- ern half of Jamaica, the region inhabited by the cylindrus group, to which they are closely related, differing so far as we know in little besides the greatly diminished size of the shell. The species were formerly placed in the Cuban group C ochlodinella, but the dentition proves that position to be erroneous, the very narrow central teeth, and numerous very slowly diminishing laterals, clearly showing the relationship with the other Jamaican forms of Urocoptis. Key to Species. 1. Striation moderately fine, the striae on the last whorl narrower than their intervals. a. Stria3 quite arcuate ; internal column twisted in the last 3 or 4 whorls ; basal keel inconspicuous. U. rosea, no. 19. &. Striae finer; internal column straight; basal keel strong. U. hollandi, no. 20. 2. Striation excessively fine and regular, the striae as wide as the intervals. a. Somewhat variegated by streaks or patches ; whorls 10 or 11. U. hydrophana, no. 21. 6. Uniform pale brown or white, glossy; whorls 6 or 7. U. pupceformis, no. 22. 19. U. ROSEA (Pfeiffer). PI. 34, figs. 24, 25, 26. Shell cylindric-subfusiform, truncate, thin, diaphanous, rose-colored, very minutely obliquely striate. Whorls 10, a little convex, the last very shortly built forward, base obso- letely carinate. Aperture circular; peristome narrowly re- flexed throughout. Length 16, diam. 5 mm. ; aperture S1/^ xnm. wide (Pfr.). Jamaica. 144 UROCOPTIS OP JAMAICA. Cyl. rosea PFB., in Philippi, Abbild., i, p. 184, pi. 1, f. 3 (Dec., 1844) ; Monogr., ii, p. 374; Conchyl. Cab., p. 20, pi. 2, f. 31, 32. Not C. rosea of C. B. Adams and subsequent Amer- ican authors and collectors. — Cyl. montana C. B. ADAMS, Contrib. no. 2, p. 20 (Oct., 1849) .— GLOYNE, J. de Conch., xx, p. 36.— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 5, f. 44.— HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 80. — Cyl. striata CHITTY, Contrib. to Conch., p. 12 (Oct., 1853). Pfeiffer's original description and figures are copied. The name C. rosea was transferred by C. B. Adams to a species of the U. cylindrus group, and the present species he described as C. montana. Subsequent American and Jamaican authors and collectors have followed this erroneous course. The type of C. rosea Pfr. was slightly larger than specimens ordinarily encountered, though the diameter given, "5 mill.," probably was measured to the outside of the outer lip. The type of C. montana measures 14.5 mm. long, 4.07 wide. The species as ordinarily seen (pi. 34, figs. 22, 23, 27, 28) varies in color from a beautiful rose tint to brownish-rose and to white. The sculpture consists of regular, strongly arcuate riblets, separated by intervals of about double their width. The last whorl has a moderately conspicuous, wide, obtuse basal keel, with a slight depression along each side. The round aperture has a well-reflexed lip. The internal axis is distinctly spiral within the lower three or four whorls,, straighter and more slender above (fig. 27). Length 14.5, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls 9%. Length 14.5, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 9. Length 15.5, diam. 3.4 mm. ; whorls 10%. Length 15.3, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls 9%. It occurs in the interior of St. Elizabeth, at Balaclava and Troy (P. W. Jarvis), and at Withorn (Henderson) ; Mande- ville, under stones (Gloyne). Var. STRIATA (Chitty). Like montana, etc. Shell short and thick, subovate; pure white, truncate apex deep gray. Coarsely set shining striae, coarser than C. hydrophana and C. montana. Strise arcuate. UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 145 Keel on the last whorl scarcely perceptible. Spire with con- vex outlines. Apex broadly truncate. Whorls left 9%, very convex, not marginate; with a well-impressed suture. Aper- ture produced, as in all this class. Lip nearly orbicular, re- flected and thickened. Length .61, breadth .16 inch. Hab- itat Burnt Hill Glade, Westmoreland (Chi'tty). This seems to be a western race of Adams' montana. 20. U. HOLLANDI (C. B. Adams). PI. 34, figs. 35-39. ' ' Shell rather slender, cylindrical in the lower three-fourths, slowly tapering above ; wax color ; with very minute crowded transverse striae, and the anterior spiral keel not very promi- nent; apex rather broadly truncate, with the loss of — whorls; whorls remaining ten, subplanulate, with a well- impressed suture; aperture considerably produced beyond the penult, whorl, between orbicular and trapezoidal, slightly effuse by the canal within the anterior keel ; lip well expanded, moderately reflected. 4 'Length .82 inch; breadth .18 inch." [20i/2x4y2 mm.] (C. B. Ad.). Jamaica: Balaclava, Ipswich and Troy, in the interior of St. Elizabeth (P. W. Jarvis) ; Mulgrave, near Ipswich ( J. B. Henderson, Jr.). Cyl. hollandi C. B. A., Contrib. no. 5, p. 82 (1850).— PFB., Monogr., iii, p. 570. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 9, f. 76. Cyl. augustce C. B. A., t. c., p. 83 (1850). — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 571. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 7, f. 63. This species is usually larger than U. rosea, and its small variety, montana; is much more finely striate, has a more strongly projecting basal keel, and the internal column is straight. The color varies from red-brown to white, but it is usually light brown. Specimens measure: Length 21.5, diam. 4.2 mm. ; whorls 10%. Ipswich. Length 15.5, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls S1/^. Balaclava. Length 19, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 10. Mulgrave. Length 17.5, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 9%. Mulgrave. The figures are from Ipswich specimens. In the series before me I do not find it practicable to separate C. augustce from hollandi. The description follows: 146 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. C. augusta. "Shell not very slender, cylindrical in the lower three-fourths, slightly tapering above; pale wax color; with very minute crowded transverse striae; anterior spiral keel not very prominent; apex broadly truncate, with the loss of - - whorls ; whorls remaining nine, a little convex, with a well-impressed suture; aperture moderately produced beyond the penult, whorl, suborbicular, a little dilated at the left of the upper side ; lip well expanded, moderately reflected. This species is allied to the preceding, and to C. montana. "Length .65 inch; breadth .17 inch." [161/4x41/4 mm.] (C.B.Ad.). At Comfort Hall, Trelawny, Mr. Jarvis found a form sim- ilar to hollandi in size and shape, but with the basal keel weaker and the striation finer, though not quite as fine as in U. hydrophana. Some specimens have the occasional dark striae of hydrophana. It is an intermediate race. 21. U. HYDROPHANA (Chitty). PL 34, figs. 19-21, 29-31. Shell cylindric, the upper half slowly tapering; broadly truncate; general color dingy brown, but under a lens the strice are whitish except for irregular patches and occasional narrow streaks, where they are dark like the intervals. Sur- face glossy, the striation very fine and regular, striae being much closer than in U. hollandi, and as wide as the intervals. Whorls 10 to 11%, but slightly convex, the last rounded below, with only a weak keel, shortly produced forward. Aperture somewhat oblique, circular; peristome expanded and reflexed, white, or brownish below, continuous. Internal axis straight. Length 15.5, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 11%. Manchester. Length 14.6, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 10. Manchester. Length 15, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls 10. Chitty 's type. Jamaica: Durham, ? Trelawny (Chitty) ; Manchester (coll. A. N. S.). . Cyl. hydrophana CHITTY, Contrib. to Conch., p. 12 (1853). — PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 699 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 21, pi. 9, f . 3-5. A rare species in collections, much more closely and finely striate than U. hollandi, and remarkable for its patches or streaks of darker striae. Figs. 19-21 are from Pfeiffer, but fig. 29 shows better the fine striation and peculiar streaks. UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 147 22. U. PUP^POEMIS (C. B. Adams). PL 34, figs. 32-34. Shell cylindric-fusiform, the upper half tapering; thin but moderately solid ; light brown or white ; glossy, very regularly and most minutely striate, the striae smooth, as wide as the intervals, moderately arcuate. Whorls 6 to 7, moderately convex, the last laterally compressed, its last half having a wide, bluntly rounded but rather strongly projecting basal keel; free in front. Aperture oblique, subcircular, the peri- stome expanded and broadly reflexed, white. Internal axis slender and straight. Length 14, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls 7. • Length 12, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls 6%. Jamaica: Ft. William, Westmoreland ( Jar vis) ; Mulgrave, St. Elizabeth (Henderson) ; Heavytree, in the extreme north of Manchester (Gloyne). Cyl. pup&formis C. B. A., Contrib. no. 7, p. 102 (April, 1850). — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 572. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 16, f. 143.— GLOYNE, Journ. de Conch., xx, 1872, p. 35. The small number of whorls, brilliant gloss and very fine striation are characteristic. The sculpture is even finer than in U. hydrophana. Subgenus AUTOCOPTIS Pilsbry, 1902. Shell rather large for the genus, the axis straight or mod- erately twisted, an accessory lamella (pi. 40, fig. 53) revolving about and continued beyond its lower termination, sometimes more or less completely united with the axis. Type U. moni- lifera. Distribution, Haiti. (Autocoptis, self -cut or trun- cated. ) The Haitian forms of the genus Urocoptis differ con- spicuously from the Jamaican in general appearance, color- ing, sculpture and the structure of the axial region within the last whorl. The nepionic sculpture is unknown. As a general rule, Jamaican species lose a far greater number of early whorls than Haitian, in most of which the summit tapers rapidly, and the truncation is narrow. The plug is in most species narrowly tongue-shaped (pi. 40, fig. 47), but in a few it is flat and steep (pi. 40, fig. 49) . There are also some tran- 148 UROCOPTIS OP HAITI. sitions between these two kinds. It is commonly not exposed, the open whorl persisting above it, while in Jamaican forms the whorl is generally broken down to the plug in adult indi- viduals. The radula (p. 109) differs strongly from that of the Jamaican species in the far greater width of the central teeth. Key to Haitian Species. I. Suture simple. a. Rather large species, diam. 7-11, length 19-28 mm. 1. .Diam. exceeding one-third the length ; swol- len, glossy, whitish and closely striate above, reddish or blue and coarsely striate below, dark brown inside. 25%-28 x 10-11 mm. U. gruneri, no. 32. 2. Diam. exceeding one-third* the alt. ; oblong, lustreless, flesh colored, finely, distinctly rib- striate throughout; peristome continuous and free. 25 x 9 mm. U. guigouana, no. 33. 3. Diam. equal to or exceeding one- third the length ; riblets very strongly arcuate, stronger near the sutures ; flesh colored. 19-23 x 7-8 mm. U. arcuata, no. 34. 4. Diam. about one-third the length, more or less; weakly striate; glossy; transparent- whitish, or brown above; peristome adnate above, or almost free. U. sericea, no. 31. fc. Small ovate-oblong species, length about 15, diam. 4 to 5 mm. 1. Clear reddish-brown, glossy, with close arcu- ate striae and low spiral lirae; peristome con- tinuous. U. tumidula, no. 35. 2. Brownish flesh-colored, closely thread-costu- late, the riblets wavy; peristome continuous, in contact above. U. innata, no. 36. II. Suture crenulate or with a bordering series of pits or bosses, sometimes very small, and on the upper whorls only. UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 149 a. Shell dull, sculptured with very fine waved or interrupted striae, with a series of pits above the suture. 1. Basal keel very strongly projecting; peri- stome hardly expanded. Archegocoptis eximia. 2. Basal keel moderate, cord-like; peristome well expanded. Archegocoptis crenata. &. Shell widely truncate, glossy, striatulate, the mid- dle whorls with a band. 30 x 11 mm., whorls 6. U. truncata, no. 30. c. Surface punctate, the earlier and last whorls striate. 1. Peristome adnate above; diam. about one- third the length; whorls ?i/2 to 9. 14-15 x 5-51/2 mm., U. adamsiana, no. 26 ; 18-20 x 6-61/2 mm., U. a. puncturata. 2. Peristome free; diam. less than one-third the length; no distinct accessory basal lamella. 28-31 x 8 mm., whorls 9-10. U. malleata, no. 27. d. Surface glossy, almost smooth or closely, finely striate ; white with corneous or brown stripes. 1. Diam. one-third the length or less; suture crenate only weakly and on the cone; axis strongly twisted; peristome adnate above. 25-28 x 8 mm. U. flammulata, no. 28." 2. Diam. exceeding one-third the length; finely striate; axis nearly straight; peristome free or shortly adherent above. 30-32 x 10y2-ll% mm. U. menkeana, no. 29. e. Surface sharply sculptured with arcuate thread- like striae, the suture conspicuously crenate; diam. about one-third the length. U. monilifera, no. 23 ; U. klatteana, no. 25 ; U. rudis, no. 24. 23. U. MONILIFERA (Pfeiffer) . PI. 40, figs. 49-54. Shell fusiform or somewhat cylindric, usually widest above 150 UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. the middle, the upper third strongly tapering to a narrow truncation ; the terminal plug nearly flat and vertical. Sur- face lustreless, pale brown, streaked with white, sculptured with close, arcuate, thread-like white striae, which unite by twos or threes into raised white nodules along below the suture. Whorls Sy2 to 11, slightly convex, the last very shortly or not free in front, pinched into a very strong cord- like keel beneath. Aperture obliquely short-oval, angular at the outer-basal part, channelled within; the peristome con- tinuous and free or barely in contact above. Internal axis somewhat twisted throughout; in the last whorl a spiral la- mella revolves close to its root, extending more than a whorl inward, its lower end visible in the aperture as a low white fold. Length 21, diam. 7.3 mm. ; whorls 9. Length 21.5, diam. 6.2 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 19, diam. 6 mm.; whorls 9 (Pfeiffer's type). Haiti: Rep. of S. Domingo, at Azua and Las Charcas (A. Salle) ; Rep. Haiti, at Thomazeau (Henderson & Simpson). Cyl. monilifera PFR., Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1850, p. 74; P. Z. S., 1851, p. 148; Conchyl. Cab, p. 10, pi. 2, f. 1-3; Monogr., iii, p. 568. — CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl, 1891, p. 140. The suture is white-beaded below, and the end of the apical plug flattened, as in U. adamsiana, but the thread-like striae and continuous peristome of U. monilifera readily differen- tiate the two species. The accessory basal lamella is much longer than in U. adamsiana. The empty whorl generally persists some distance beyond the terminal plug, which is usually not visible without breaking away a portion. 24. U. RUDIS (Weinland). Shell rimate, truncate, slightly diaphanous, fleshy- whitish ; irregularly and rudely crispate, with close, whitish, undu- lating, sometimes confluent striae. Suture crenated with sparse, rather coarse lobules. Whorls remaining 9, rather flat, the last hardly narrower than the preceding, slightly produced, angulated by a compressed, denticulate keel. Aperture a little oblique, nearly circular, a little straightened UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 151 above; peristome white, continuous, a little expanded and a little reflexed throughout, appressed above. Length 1Sy2j diam. 6 mm. ; aperture with perist. 5 mm. long and wide (Weinl). Haiti: Republic of S. Domingo (Newcomb; in Bland coll.). Cyl. rudis WEINL., Jahrb., d. D. Malak. Ges., vii, 1880, p. 358. "This species also belongs in the group Urocoptis, near (7. tumidula W. & M." (Weinl.). Systematic position doubtful. It has not been figured. 25. U. KLATTEANA (Weinland). Shell shortly rimate, ovate-cylindrical, truncate, a little shining, closely and regularly arcuate-striate ; whitish, irregu- larly and sparsely ornamented with longitudinal corneous streaks; suture little impressed, elegantly and closely crenu- late. Whorls remaining 10, rather flat, the base provided with a narrow cord-like keel. Aperture slightly oblique, sub- circular, somewhat channelled in the base; peristome contin- uous, white, a little expanded throughout, reflexed above. Length 22, diam. in the middle G1/^, aperture with peristome 5 mm. long and wide ( Weinl.) . Haiti: Port au Prince (Klatte; type in Bland coll.). Cyl. klatteana WEINL., Jahrb. d. D. Malak. Ges., vii, 1880, p. 357. 11 Belongs to the group Urocoptis Beck, near C. adamsiana Pfr." (Weinl.). It must resemble U. monilifera rather closely. The unique specimen has not been figured. 26. U. ADAMSIANA (Pfeiffer) . PI. 40, figs. 42-46, 48. Shell cylindric-oblong, the upper third or fourth rapidly tapering; corneous, variegated with white in streaks and a fine net-work, and usually with a row of white raised spots below the suture. Frequently the upper half of the shell is roseate. Summit truncate. Surface glossy, densely punc- tate, the last whorl and earlier whorls irregularly rib-striate. Whorls usually 7% to 9, flat, the last pinched into a strong basal keel. Aperture slightly oblique, rounded, the peri- 152 UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. stome reflexed, its upper margin wholly adnate to the preced- ing whorl. Internal axis a moderately twisted, tapering col- umn; within the right side and back of the last whorl it is encircled by a rather strong, obtuse lamella. Length 15.5, diam. 5 mm. ; whorls 8%. Length 15.5, diam. 5.5 mm. ; whorls 7%. Length 19, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 9. Puncturata. Length 20, diam. 6.2 mm. ; whorls 8%. Puncturata. Haiti: Charcas, in the Dominican Republic (Salle) ; Bar- rera, in the same portion (Salle, C. puncturata). Cyl. adamsiana PFR., P. Z. S., 1851, p. 148; Monogr., iii, p. 566 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 11, pi. 2, f . 4-6.— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 16. — CROSSED Journ. de Conchyl., 1891, p. 140, pi. 4, f . 3. Cyl. puncturata PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 141 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 12, pi. 2, f . 7-9 ; Monogr., iii, p. 567.— SOWB., C. Icon., xx, pi. 3, f. 24.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1891, p. 141, pi. 4, f. 4. Readily known by its adnate peristome, punctured surface, white-beaded suture and small size. Pfeiffer's C. puncturata has no distinguishing character except slightly greater size, the type measuring 18 mm. long, 6% wide, with 9 whorls, while the original measurements of adamsiana were 14 to 15% mm- l°ng> 5 mm. wide, with 8 to 9 whorls. The speci- mens before me show no differences except in size. 27. U. MALLEATA (Pfeiffer) . PL 40, figs. 39, 40, 41, 47; pi. 41, fig. 59 ; pi. 38, figs. 8, 9, 10, 11. Shell cylindric, the upper third or fourth tapering to the narrow, concave truncation, the plug long and tongue-shaped. Surface glossy, white, uniform or sparsely variegated with fleshy- or corneous-brown streaks, sculptured with regular, fine striae on the terminal cone, with minute pits on the cylin- drical portion, passing into striae again towards the base of the last whorl. Whorls 9-10, but slightly convex, weakly crenate below the suture, the last whorl having a cord-like keel at the base, hardly free in front. Aperture rounded, chan- nelled within at the position of the keel; peristome well re- flexed, continuous and free. Internal column (pi. 41, fig. 59) UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 153 nearly straight, very weakly twisted, tlie short ''accessory lamella" united with it. Length 28, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 9. Length 31, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 10 (Pfeiffer's type). Haiti: Rincon Barahona, in the Republic of S. Domingo (A. Salle). Cyl malleata PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 140 ; Monogr., iii, p. 567. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 16, f. 138. — CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1891, p. 139, pi. 3, f. 4. — C. menkeana CROSSE, t. c., pi. 3, f. 5 (?). This species is much narrower than U. menkeana, and punc- tured instead of striate. U. flammulata is very closely related, but it is smoother, with the peristome adnate above. 28. U. FLAMMULATA (Pfeiffer). PI. 41, figs. 55-58. Shell subcylindric, the upper third or fourth tapering to a narrow truncation, terminal plug long and tongue-like. Surface glossy, almost smooth, except the latter part of the last whorl, the basal keel and the first whorl or two, which are striate. Color brown or corneous-brown and white, in alter- nate stripes, more or less irregular. Whorls 8 to 10, almost flat, the last having a cord-like keel beneath, not free in front. Aperture rounded, brown in the throat; peristome white, ex- panded and reflexed, adnate above for a short distance. In- ternal axis rather strongly twisted, dilated at its base in the last whorl. Length 25, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 8. Length 28, diam. 7.3 mm. ; whorls 9. Length 28, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 10 (Pfeiffer's type). Haiti : Salinas, Cerro de Sal, in the Republic of S. Domingo (A. Salle). Cyl. flammulata PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 141, pi. 13, f. 8.- Monogr., iii, p. 566 ; Novit. Conch., p. 138, pi. 97, f . 28, 29 ?— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 8. — CROSSE, J. de C., 1891, p. 142, pi. 3, f. 1.— C. planulata Pfr., ALBERS, Die Hel., 1860, p.. 36 (typographical error). Allied to U. malleata, but nearly smooth, with more varied coloring, more twisted axis, and adnate peristome. The ac- 154 UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. cessory lamella in both species is quite short, and so com- pletely united with the base of the axis that it appears only as a dilation of the latter. There are more or less distinct traces of punctures and stri- ation on the last whorl, in U. flammulata, and the suture usually shows a faint and spaced crenation above. 29. U. MENKEANA (Pfeiffep). PI. 38, figs. 12, 13, 14, 15. Shell oblong, rather obese, thin, the upper third or fourth tapering rapidly to a narrow concave truncation, closed by a tongue-shaped plug, often concealed. Surface glossy, white, variegated with corneous-brown streaks; under the lens seen to be closely and finely striated. Whorls 7y2 to 10, slightly convex, the suture regularly and closely crenate on the cone, obsoletely so on the later whorls. Last whorl a trifle free in front, having a cord-like keel below. Aperture large, white inside, rounded ; peristome expanded and reflexed, continuous and free, or shortly adherent. Axis nearly straight, a little twisted, especially above, having a slight prominence in the middle in the last whorl. Length 32, diam. 11.5 mm. Length 81, diam. 12 mm. (Pfeiffer's type). Length 30, diam. 10.5 mm. Haiti: Neyba, in the Republic of S. Domingo (Salle). Cyl menkeana PFB., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 140, pi. 13, f. 7; Monogr., iii, p. 564 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 4, pi. 1, f . 7, 8.— CROSSE, Journ. de Conch., 1891, p. 139. Larger, thinner and more obese than any of the related forms, the diameter more than one-third the length. The "accessory lamella" is completely united with the columella, forming merely a slight prominence thereon. Pfeiffer states that a perfect specimen has 14 whorls (pi. 38, figs. 14, 15). It is usually decollate, as in fig. 13. The peristome may be either adherent above (as in fig. 12) or very shortly free. 30. U. TRUNCATA (Dillwyn) . PL 39, figs. 27, 28. Shell subrimate, truncate, cylindrical, thin (becoming thick and solid with age), whitish, striatulate, glossy; suture ere- UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 155 nate; whorls 6, a little convex, the middle ones broadly one- banded with purple-brown; last whorl slightly free, carinate dorsally. Aperture oblique, subcircular, the peristome slightly reflexed. Length 30, diam. 11 mm.; diam. aperture 8 mm. (Pfr.). Haiti : Corail, near Jeremie, a single rolled shell in a water course (Weinland). Helix decollata et fasciata CHEMNITZ, Conchyl. Cab., ix, p. 187, pi. 186, f. 1256, 1257 (1786).-- Helix fasciata FER., Prodr., p. 61, no. 503 (1822?).— Cydostoma fasciata LAM., An. s. Vert, vi, pt. 2, p. 146 (April, 1822) ; edit. Desh., viii, p. 358. — DESH., Encyl. Meth., ii, p. 42. — Cydostoma f fasci- atum SOWB., Thesaurus Conchyl., i, p. 108, pi. 24, f. 65 (1843). — Siphonostoma fasciata SWAINS, Malacol., p. 333.— Cylin- drella fasciata PFR., in Phil., Abbild., ii, p. 48, pi. 2, f. 7; Conchyl. Cab., p. 3, pi. 1, f . 5, 6 ; Monogr., ii, p. 369 ; iii, 565 ; iv, 692; vi, 360; Malak. BL, ix, p. 199 (occurrence at Corail). — CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1891, p. 134. — Helix truncata DILLWYN, Descriptive Catal. of Recent Shells, ii, p. 948 (1817) ; Wood Index, Testae., pi. 34, f. 136.— Pupa truncata GRAY, Ann. of Philos. (n. s.), ix, p. 413. — Cerion decapi- tatum BOLTEN, Mus. Bolt, p. 90, no. 1172 (1798) ; second edit., p. 64. This seems to be the first Haitian species of the family noticed by any writer on natural history. Chemnitz gave a good description in 1786, and Favanne, six years earlier, illus- trated it The shell was known to them to be from "S. Domingue;" but for nearly a century later it was not re- discovered, and is now excessively rare. The locality is ap- parently the mountains of the southwestern peninsula of Haiti, the single specimen found by Weinland having prob- ably been washed down in a stream. 31. U. SERICEA (Pfeiffer). PL 41, figs. 60, 61. Shell deeply rimate, subcylindrical, truncate, rather solid, very finely striatulate, silky, diaphanous, hyaline-whitish, brownish above, the suture marked with a white thread. Whorls remaining 9, narrow, subequal, a trifle convex, the 156 UROCOPTIS OP HAITI. last not protracted, provided with a cord-like keel at the base. Aperture suboblique, nearly circular, channelled at the base; peristome white, expanded, a little reflexed, adherent above. Length 26, diam. 8% mm. ; aperture with perist. 6y2 mm. long, 7 wide (P/V.). Haiti: Port Gonaives (Rolle, Kissling). Cyl. sericea PFR., P. Z. S., 1849, p. 134 ; Monogr., iii, p. 565. — CROSSE, Journ. de Conch., 1891, p. 143, pi. 3, f. 2. — C. s. var. kisslingiana WEINLAND, Jahrb. d. D. Malak. Ges., vii, 1880, p. 359, pi. 12, f . 15 ; var. major WEINL. 1. c. — Cyl. eugenii DOHRN, Malak. Bl., vi, 1859, p. 205.— PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 361.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1891, p. 144, pi. 3, f. 3. The original description is given above. The figures are from Crosse, and represent specimens from Gonaives, col- lected by Rolle. The species is evidently variable, and doubtless a number of local races exist, several of which have been named. Specimens collected by Rolle in 1888 (pi. 39, figs. 32, 33) are milky- white (showing the dried soft parts through blue or blue-black), very glossy and almost smooth in the median whorls, distinctly striate on the cone and the 'last half of the last whorl. The plug at the summit is tongue-shaped. The axis is moderately twisted throughout, and the short accessory lamella is distinct. There is no brown tint above. The peri- stome is interrupted above. Length 23, diam. 7% mm. ; whorls Length 20.7, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls I have figured the teeth of one of this lot, pi. 50, figs. 9, 10. Var. laferrierensis nov. Numerous shells in coll. J. B. Henderson (pi. 41, figs. 62, 63), collected by him at La Fer- riere, are more slender, corneous with a brownish tint, which is often stronger on the upper half; sculpture of low arcuate riblets, very much better developed than in Rolle 's shells. The axis also is less twisted, and the accessory lamella less developed. The peristome is almost continuous or even slightly free above. The apical plug is very short and convex, but as in the preceding form, the whorl does not break off down to the plug, which is therefore concealed. The whorls are moderately convex. UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 157 Length 22, diam. 6.7 mm. ; whorls 8. Length 23.5, diam. 6.7 mm. ; whorls 9. Length 25, diam. 7 mm. ; whorls 9. This is a narrower shell than sericea or eugenii, and with the peristome less adherent above. The short plug is also probably characteristic, but this has not been described in the types of sericea, eugenii or kisslingiana. Var. eugenii (Dohrn). PL 39, figs. 34, 35, after Crosse. Shell deeply rimate, subcylindrical, tapering above, truncate; livid hyaline, thin, obliquely striate, the suture submarginate. Whorls remaining 8, nearly flat, the last rounded, anteriorly angular on the back, compressed-carinate in the middle, roughly striate on the base and behind the peristome. Aper- ture subvertical, subcircular; peristome white, expanded and a little reflexed throughout, shortly adherent in front. Length 25, diam. 8 mm. ; apert. with peristome 6 mm. long and wide (Dohrn). Northwestern Haiti (Dr. Eugene Vesco). Var. kisslingiana Weinland (pi. 41, fig. 64). Shell rimate, oblong- cylindrical, truncate, smooth, very finely striatulate, more distinctly so above and below, glossy, diaphanous whit- ish, • roseate above, the suture indistinct, white-margined. Whorls remaining 8l/2 to 9l/2, nearly flat, three or four median ones equal, the last one narrower, appressed, base with a cord- like keel. Aperture nearly vertical, subcircular, obsoletely channelled in the base ; peristome a little expanded, thickened, reflexed, resting upon the penult, whorl, sometimes inter- rupted there. Internal column simply twisted, without la- mellae. Length 29-30, diam. above the middle 9-91/2«, apert. with perist. 7 mm. (Weinl.). Gonaives, Haiti (Kissling). Var. major Weinl. Whorls 10^2 ; length 37, diam. above middle 10 mm. ( Weinl. ) . A single specimen found with var. kisslingiana. 32. U. GRUNERI (Dunker). PL 39, figs. 16, 17, 18, 19. Shell oblong, widest at the, penult, whorl, the last three whorls wide, those above rapidly tapering to the narrow con- cave truncation; solid and strong except near the aperture, 158 UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. the lip being fragile; whitish above, the last whorl bluish, several preceding whorls often livid reddish. Surface glossy, closely striate, the striae smooth, subvertical and somewhat wider than the intervals, much coarser and arcuate on the last whorl. Whorls 7, but slightly convex, the last having a low, cord-like keel in the middle of the base ; shortly free or not so in front. Aperture transversely oval, dark brown inside; peristome broadly expanded and reflexed, white, continuous and free, or adnate above to the preceding whorl. Internal column slightly twisted spirally, perceptibly dilated in the last whorl. Length 28, diam. 11, diam. aperture 8-9 mm. (Pfr., type). Length 28, diam. 11 mm. ; whorls 6%. Gonave I. Length 25.5, diam. 10 mm. ; whorls 7%. Gonave I. Length 30, diam. 11 mm. ; whorls 7%. St. Mark. Length 27, diam. 11 mm. ; whorls 7. St. Mark. Length 28, diam. 10 mm. ; whorls 7. St. Mark. Haiti: Port au Prince (Dkr.) ; St. Mark (Henderson & Simpson) ; Gonave Island (J. J. Brown, Weinland). Cyl. gruneri DUNKER, in Philippi, Abbild., i, p. 185, pi. 1, f. 20 (December, 1844).— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 370; Conehyl. Cab., p. 5, pi. 1, f. 11, 12.— WEINLAND, Jakrb. d. D. Malak. Ges., vii, 1880, p. 362.— CROSSE, Journ. de Conch., 1891, p. 135. The livid blue color and strong striation of the last whorl are characteristic. Bunker's type (pi. 39, figs. 18, 19) had the aperture nearly circular, but in the specimens I have seen it is wider than high, the upper margin being more or less straightened. In the shells seen from Gonave Island the peristome is free throughout. In four shells in a series of ten from St. Mark, J. B. Henderson coll., it is adnate for a short distance above. U. gruneri is more swollen than guigouana (which is rather cylindric) ; the last whorl tapers more, and is livid or bluish between white striae, while guigouana is dull reddish through- out, or paler at the last whorl. U. gruneri is a glossy shell, with the striation becoming coarser on the last whorl, while guigouana is lustreless, with little or no change in the stri- ation. UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 159 33. U. GUIGOUANA (Petit). PL 39, figs. 20, 21. Shell oblong-fusiform, a little swollen in the middle, rather solid, the spire tapering, apex decollate. Whorls 10 to 13, finely and regularly rib-striate, the upper whitish-rose, the lower somewhat brownish ; last whorl provided with an obtuse keel at the base. Aperture subcircular, the peristome white, expanded, a little reflexed. Length 30, diam. 11 mm. (Petit). Haiti : S. Domingo (Dr. Guigou) ; Gonave Island, in the mountains near the coast, on the east side (Dr. J. J. Brown, types of (7. mabuja) ; Jeremie and Miragoane (Rolle, types of C. strohmi. Cyl. guigouana PETIT de la SAUSSAYE, Journ. de Conchyl., vii, 1859, p. 285, pi. 10, f. 5.— PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 359.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1891, p. 136, pi. 1, f. 3. — C. gouigouana MART., in Alb., Die Hel., p. 37. — Cyl. mabuja WEINLAND. Jahrb. d. m. Ges., vii, 1880, p. 362, pi. 12, f. 16.— Cyl. strohmi MALTZAN, Nachr'bl. d. m. Ges., xx, 1888, p. 177. — CROSSE, J. de C., 1891, p. 136, pi. 1, f. 4. The type is in the collection of the Journal de Conchyli- ologie. The striae are represented much too faintly in my figures 20 and 21, which were copied from the figures of the type specimen. The original description is given above. Crosse, who figured an original specimen, has already re- marked that C. strohmi (pi. 39, figs. 22, 23) differs from the type of guigouana only in having the peristome carried for- ward free of the preceding whorl, while in guigouana it is adherent above. In this respect strohmi is like mabuja (pi. 39, figs. 24, 25, 26), of which eight specimens of the original lot are before me. Perhaps mabuja can be retained as a variety, characterized by the free peristome; strohmi becom- ing a synonym of it; but in the related U. gruneri this char- acter is merely an individual variation. In Gonave Island specimens the last 3 whorls are of about equal diameter, or the antepenult, may be slightly wider; above this the shell tapers rapidly to the small concave trun- cation. The sculpture is a close, even, arcuate, rib-striation, not coarser on the last whorl. The surface is dull or but slightly glossy, dull light red-brown or pinkish-purple, and 160 UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. either uniform or marked into squarish Mocks by brown streaks at intervals. The last whorl has a cord-like basal keel. The axis is slightly twisted, as in U. gruneri, at its root en- circled by and passing into a short accessory lamella. Speci- mens measure : Length 26.5, diam. 9.6 mm. ; whorls 7%. Length 24.6, diam. 9.3 mm. ; whorls 7. Length 25, diam. 8.8 mm. ; whorls 8. The C. strohmi of Maltzan and its "var." acupicta are similarly colored, and measure : Length 32, diam. 10 mm.; whorls 8-9 (strohmi). Length 18-20, diam. 7 mm. (var. acupicta). 34. U. ARCUATA (Weinland & Martens). PI. 39. figs. 29, 30, 31 ; pi. 40, figs. 36, 37, 38. Shell oblong-cylindric, the last whorl tapering, next earlier 4 whorls of about equal diameter, or the third or fourth from the last may be slightly wider, those above tapering rapidly. Surface nearly lustreless, flesh-colored, sculptured with white, very strongly arcuate riblets, which are much stronger and often joined in pairs near the sutures, occasionally split or discontinuous in the middle of the whorl, and are often more or less obsolete below the basal keel. The summit is narrowly and concavely truncate. Whorls 7 to 8, somewhat convex, the suture impressed; last whorl typically shortly free in front, having a strong basal keel, crenulated by the striae. Aperture transversely oval, the peristome broadly expanding, reflexed. Internal column slightly twisted. Length 20.5, diam. 7 mm. ; whorls 7^2 • Length 22, diam. 8 mm. (W. & M. type). Length 23, diam. 7.3 mm. ; whorls 8. Haiti: Neighborhood of Jeremie (Dr. Weinland, J. B. Hen- derson). Cyl. arcuata W. & M., v. MARTENS, Malak. Blatt., vi, 1859, p< 53._pFR., Monogr., vi, p. 360; Novit. Conch., p. 257, pi. 65, f. 1, 2.— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., pi. 6, f . 49.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1891, p. 137, pi. 1, f. 8, 8 a. The typical form from Jeremie is nearly cylindrical, as in UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 161 pi. 40, fig. 38, and pi. 39, figs. 29, 30. A shorter form, more bulging above, and with somewhat stronger sculpture (pi. 40, figs. 36, 37), has been figured by Pfeiffer and Sowerby, and is represented in the collection of the Academy. Its locality is unknown. In this form the peristome is sometimes adnate to the preceding whorl above. Specimens measure : Length 19.5, diam. 7.6 mm. ; whorls 7%. Length 19, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 6^. U. arcuata is much smaller than U. guigouana, with more arcuate and irregular riblets. 35. U. TUMIDULA (Weinl. & Mart). PL 41, figs. 71, 72. Shell closed-rimate, ovate-oblong, terminating above in a short, concave cone, generally truncate; diaphanous, reddish- brown, glossy, reticulated with close arcuate striae and shallow spiral lirae; suture simple, slightly impressed; whorls of an entire shell about 15, of a truncate shell 8, rather flat, the last with a thread-like keel roughened by the striae passing over it ; shortly produced. Aperture subcircular, transversely di- lated, the peristome expanded throughout, flexuous, white, continuous. Length of an entire shell about 19, of a trun- cate one 15 ; diam. above the middle 5 mm. ; aperture with perist. 4 mm. (v. Mart.). Haiti: Neighborhood of Jeremie (Weinland). Cyl. tumidula W. & M., MARTENS, Malak. BL, vi, 1859, p. 54.— PFR., Novit. Conch., p. 261, pi. 65, f . 16, 17 ; Monogr., vi, p. 370.— C. fumidula Weinl., ALBERS, Die Hel., 1860, p. 37. Somewhat doubtfully referred to this subgenus. It is known to me by the above description only. 36. U. INNATA (Weinland). PL 41, figs. 65, 66. Shell closed-rimate, ovate-oblong, solid, brownish flesh- colored; closely thread-costate, the riblets wavy; spire trun- cate, the apex a little acute, suture simple. Whorls of a trun- cate shell 8 to 9, a little convex, the last whorl adnate in front, very little free, compressed, with a high crest, the crest and base within it whitish. Aperture oblique, nearly circular; peristome continuous, white, narrowly expanded, little thick- 162 UROCOPTIS, S. G. ARANGIA. ened, resting upon the preceding whorl. Length 15-16, diam. 4-5 mm.; apert. with perist. 4 mm. (Weinl.). Haiti: Jeremie (Weinland). Cyl. innata WEINL., Malak. Bl., xxiii, 1876, p. 170, pi. 2, f. 1, 2.— PFB., Monogr., viii, p. 621. "In general appearance it is nearly related to C. tumidula W. & M., but differs by the adnate last whorl and peristome, besides the opacity of the more solid, lustreless shell, and the much stronger, less numerous, white, irregular ribs, which recall the large C. arcuata." Subgenus ARANGIA Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1898. P. & V., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 270, 275. Type U. sowerbyana (Pfr.). Urocoptis with a single strong, smooth spiral lamella re- volving about the axis, median in each whorl, sometimes obscurely double in some lower whorls. Last whorl carinate below, shortly or not free in front. (Named for Rafael Arango y Molina.) Eastern Cuba and Gonave Island, Haiti. This group of but two species is probably related to Idiostemma, but the dentition is still unknown. U. monticola, the Haitian species, may prove, when the dentition is examined, to belong near Amphicosmia. The shape of the base is unusual in Urocoptis. 37. U. SOWERBYANA (Pfeiffer). PL 44, figs. 22, 23, 24. Shell cylindric-tapering, narrowly truncate, rather solid, pale brown, usually with some inconspicuous whitish streaks. Surface lustreless, sculptured with fine, nearly straight or subarcuate riblets, narrower than their intervals, and often a little stronger near the sutures. Whorls 15-16, narrow, convex, the last very shortly or not free in front, carinate at the periphery, which forms nearly a right angle, the base being flattened, only slightly convex. Aperture transversely oval or subcircular; peristome thin, expanded throughout, usually free, but sometimes shortly adnate above. Axis bear- Ing a very strong median ascending lamella, acute above, round-edged below, and subobsolete in the last whorl. UROCOPTIS, S. G. ARANGIA. 163 Length 35, diam. 8 mm. (Pfeiffer's type). Length 35.5, diam. 7 mm., whorls 16. Length 32, diam. 6.3 mm., whorls 14%. Eastern Cuba: Various localities in Guantanamo district, the typical form at Monte Libano (Gundlach). Cyl. sowerbyana PFR., P. Z. S., 1846, p. 116 ; Phil., Abbild., ii, p. 217, pi. 1 (Achat. et Cyl.), L 13 (April, 1847) ; iii, p. 18, pi. 3, f . 12 ; Monogr., ii, p. 372 ; iii, 568 ; iv, 697 ; vi, 366 ; viii, 431 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 15, pi. 2, f . 24, 25 ; Malak. BL, vi, 1859, p. 95.— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 3, f. 20. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 108. — CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1890, p. 219. — Urocoptis (Arangia) sowerbiana PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. P. 1898, p. 275, pi. 18, f. 20. This species is quite variable in size and number of whorls as well as in the shape of the aperture. The single strong, smooth plait of the axis is characteristic. A variety found by Gundlach at the plantation "Romanic," Monte Toro, is smaller, with 11-12 whorls, length 22, diam 7y2 mm. (fig. 24). Var. montetoronis n. v. PL 44, fig. 30. Small, rapidly tapering, the basal keel weak or subobsolete. Whorls about 9%. Length 17%, diam. 5 mm. This form occurs at various plantations at Monte Toro. A specimen with entire spire, received by Pfeiffer, has 18 whorls, and measures 18 mm. long, 4% wide. 38. U. MONTICOLA ( Weinland) . PI. 44, figs. 25, 26, 27. Shell subcylindric, usually widest above the middle, or the lower two-thirds may be of equal diameter, tapering to a rather wide truncation above; thin; pale brownish; surface lustreless, sculptured with widely-spaced, rather strong, arcu- ate thread-like riblets, which are usually a little enlarged, as though a drop had run down, at suture below and on the basal keel, below which striae replace them. Whorls 13-14, narrow and somewhat convex, the last not free in front, strongly carinate below, concave on each side of the keel. Aperture obliquely short ovate; peristome rather narrowly reflexed, shortly adnate above. Axis having a single strong spiral 164 UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. lamella, above which there is a spiral callous cord, partially united with the main lamella, in the last four whorls. Length 16.5, diam. 4.3 mm.; whorls 14 (Weinl., type). Length 17.5, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 14. Length 15.5, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 13. Haiti: Gonave Island, in the mountains (Dr. J. J. Brown). Cyl. monticola WEINL., Jahrb. d. D. Malak. Ges., vii, 1880, p. 363, pi. 12, f. 17. Not closely related to any known species. The strong, spaced riblets, adnate peristome, and the obtuse spiral lamella, reinforced in the last several whorls by a callous cord above, are its chief peculiarities. Figs. 26, 27 were drawn from specimens of the original lot, received from Dr. Brown. Subgenus IDIOSTEMMA Pils. & Van., 1898. P. & V., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1898, pp. 270, 274 (July 12, 1898). Type C. uncata Gundl. Urocoptis with the axis armed with pairs of hooks or flat nodes, or girt by a wide callous band or double cord bearing oblique nodes or riblets. (Idiostemma, peculiar wreath, i. e., about the axis.) Distribution, eastern Cuba. One of the most peculiar and highly evolved groups of the genus, some of the species having the axial armature wonderfully specialized. The radula is also somewhat specialized by reduction of the number of teeth. Vide p. 110. The earliest whorls are smooth in TJ. perlata, delicately costellate in U. lateralis. In other species they are unknown. The sculpture in the more highly evolved forms consists of hollow ribs, the acme of sculpture-evolution in the Urocop- tidce. It is noticeable that some species have entered upon the senile stage, this sculpture becoming more or less decadent upon the last whorl or two, the ribs interrupted, irregular, and reduced. Like many other phyla in this family, Idio- stemma is an intensely specialized group, manifested in won- derful and outre forms, but already showing signs of old age. There are two series of species; the group of uncata, in which axial hooks are developed, and that of U. geminata, in UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. 165 which a callous band or double cord bears oblique nodes or riblets. The external ornamentation and the general shape are wonderfully varied, and in former artificial classifications the species have been widely scattered. They are illustrated on plates 44, 45, and the upper part of pi. 46. Key to Species of Idiostemma. I. Axis armed with pairs of hooks, at least above. 1. Hooks swollen; shell strongly ribbed. U. uncata, no. 39. 2. Hooks compressed; shell smooth, with subsutural beads. U. perlata, no. 40. 3. Hooks above only ; shell smooth throughout. a. Diam. about 4.5 mm., whorls about 12; flat axial nodes in the median whorls. U. laevigata, no. 41. &. Diam. about 3 mm., whorls about 14; axis with 2 thick lamellae below. U. pilotensis, no. 42. II. Axis thickened by a callous, obliquely ribbed band, or a double spiral cord bearing oblique nodes. 1. Shell ribbed. a. Axis encircled by a stout double cord, the sulcus between obliquely ribbed (pi. 45, fig. 53) ; shell irregularly ribbed below. U. geminata, no. 43. &. Axis bearing compressed, sigmoid, wide- spaced ribs, with concave intervals (pi. 45, fig. 47) ; exterior with regular, rather narrow ribs. U. intusmalleata, no. 44. c. Axis bearing a spiral callous band, thickened above and below in each whorl, and obliquely ribbed (pi. 45, fig. 41). U. fastigiata, no. 45. 2. Shell ribless, sometimes with sutural and basal nodules ; very long and tapering. U. lateralis, no. 46. The smooth forms, lavigata, pilotensis, perlata and lateralis, are in all probability descendants of ribbed species. All the 166 UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. rest, uncata, intusmaUeata, geminata, fastigiata and inter- rupta, have the same type of external sculpture, but they have diverged widely in the sculpture of the axis. The relation- ships of the species may be approximately represented by a diagram : interrupt a uncata intusmaUeata fastigiata | geminata lateralis perlata IcBvigata pilotensis 39. U. UNCATA ('Gundlach' Pfr.). PL 44, figs. 31, 32, 33. Shell cylindric, slightly tapering above to a rather wide truncation (or sometimes retaining a long, attenuated juve- nile stage), rather thin, whitish. Surface lustreless, roughly sculptured with coarse ribs, which are swollen above and below near the suture, and are continuous from whorl to whorl; these ribs are wider, more inflated on the upper than on later whorls, and are hollow, usually in part broken; the intervals very finely, irregularly striate. Whorls about 15 in normally decollate shells, hardly convex, the last free in front, exca- vated below the periphery, striate beneath, the neck tumid at the periphery. Aperture transversely obliquely ovate. Peri- stome narrowly reflexed. Axis rather stout in the cylindrical portion, each whorl having two opposite pairs of swollen hooks, one hook of each pair above, the other below, partially adnate to the partitions. In the tapering whorls the axis is slender and simple, and hooks are wanting in the later 1% whorls (fig. 33). Length 1,9, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 15. Length 17, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls IS1/^- Length 22y2, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 22i/2. Eastern Cuba: Yateras and Monte Libano, jurisdiction of Guantanamo, under stones (Gundlach) ; Farallones, in south- ern part of prov. Santiago (Chas. Wright). Cyl. uncata GUNDL., PFR., Malak. Bl., vi, 1859, p. 97 ; Novit. UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. 167 Conch., p. 247, pi. 63, f . 10-12 ; Monogr., vi, p. 382.— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 16, f. 144. — ARANGO, Contr., p. 122. — CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 235. — Urocoptis (Idiostemma) un- cata (Gundl.), PILS & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 275, pi. 17, f. 10 (axis). Resembles U. fastigiata and U. geminata in the strong ribs, but differs conspicuously in the peculiarly modified axial armature. The first two whorls are delicately ribbed, as in U. lateralis. 40. U. PERLATA ('Gundl./ Pfr.). PL 45, figs. 48, 49, 50, 51, 52. Shell cylindric-fusiform, the upper half tapering to a rather wide truncation, thin, corneous, somewhat transparent. Sur- face glossy f smooth except for a series of small white nodes, strung rosary-like below the suture; and the base and last third of the last whorl is sculptured with thread-like striae. Whorls slightly convex, the last shortly free in front, rounded below. Aperture obliquely round-oval, the peristome white, narrowly reflexed. Internal column armed in the interme- diate whorls with compressed hooks placed in obliquely ver- tical pairs, curving towards each other, about 4 pairs in a whorl (fig. 52). Length 12.5, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls 9%-ll. Eastern Cuba : Yateras, district of Guantanamo, prov. San- tiago, on stones (Guiidlach) ; sugar-plantation "El Coco," Sagua de Tanamo (Arango). Cyl. perlata Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. Bl. vi, 1859, p. 97 ; Novit. Conch., p. 459, pi. 100, f. 25-28; Monogr., vi, p. 362.- ARANGO, Contrib., p. 106. — SOWB., C. Icon., xx, pi. 10, f. 88.— CROSSE & FISCHER, J. de C., 1870, p. 12.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 216. In internal structure this species is intermediate between U. uncata and U. l&vigata; and the external sculpture shows the same relationship, the subsutural beads being vestigial ribs, which in l&vigata have wholly disappeared. The fact that in U. Icevigata, pairs of hooks precede the nodes on the pillar, indicates that the hook structure is the 168 UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDICSTEMMA. earlier one, their solidification into plate-like nodes in later whorls of this species being secondary, and brought about by the deposition of shell-stuff between the hooks. The nepionic whorls are smooth. 41. U. I^EVIGATA (' Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 44, figs. 28, 29, 34, 35. Shell cylindric-fusiform, the upper third or half tapering to a rather wide truncation; thin; light brown or corneous, somewhat transparent when fresh; surface glossy, smooth except for slight growth striag, the base and last half of the last whorl striate. Whorls nearly flat, the last having a cord- like keel below, very shortly free in front. Aperture oblique, round-oval, the peristome white, narrowly expanded, the left margin somewhat reflexed. Internal pillar slender, smooth and somewhat sinuous, having a spiral convexity in the last two whorls, the next earlier three whorls having short oblique nodes upon the median convexity, about 5 on a whorl, sepa- rated by concave intervals, and concave on their two faces. In earlier whorls each of the nodes becomes interrupted in the middle, and is transformed into a pair of somewhat hook- like processes, curving toward one another; and in the early whorls the axis becomes smooth and somewhat sinuous again. Length 17.5, diam. 4.6 mm. ; whorls 12%. Length 15.6, diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 12. Eastern Cuba : Prov. Santiago at Monte Toro, in the juris- diction of Guantanamo, under stones (Gundlach). Cyl. lavigata Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. BL, vi, 1859, p. 96 ; Novit. Conch., p. 460, pi. 100, f. 29-31 (C. lacrigata at foot of plate) ; Monogr., vi, p. 362. — ARANGO, Fauna, p. 106.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 216. Externally much like U. lavalleana Orb., but the last whorl is only very shortly free, not descending, and it is more keeled below. The two species differ widely in internal structure. 42. U. PILOTENSIS (' Gundl.' Arango). Shell cylindric-turrete, truncate, thin, smooth, glossy, pellu- cid, corneous; suture not denticulate; whorls remaining 14, a little convex, the last shortly free, descending, striate, UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. 169 lightly [laeviter] thread-carinate above the base. Aperture oblique, subcircular, the continuous peristome narrowly ex- panded throughout. Length 12-16, diam. 3 mm. Internal column having hooks in the early whorls, in the last bilamellate, the lamellae thick (Arango) . Eastern Cuba: Piloto-arribax district of Mayari, prov. Santiago ( Jeanneret) . Cylindrella lavalleana Orb. var. ?, PFR., Malak. Bl., ix, 1862, p. 131, no. 52. — Cyl. pilotensis Gundl. mss., ARANGO, An. Real. Acad. Cien. etc. de Habana, xii, p. 283, no. 12 (1876) ; Con- trib. p. 106. " Differs from Cyl. lavalleana Orb. by the more cylindric shape, the shell being smooth except the last whorl, and the suture not denticulate ; it is smaller, and the internal column is bilamellate and hooked." (Arango) . In the Contribution Arango states that there are two heavy laminae in the first whorls, and hooks like those of uncata in the last. This re- verses the statement in his original description. Pfeiffer remarks that it is very near C. elegans, but with a short thread-like keel on the base of the last whorl, and •entirely smooth. I have not seen the species. 43. U. GEMINATA (Pfeiffer). PL 45, figs. 42, 43, 53. " Shell rimate, cylindrical, rather widely truncate, solid, gray- whitish, closely subarcuate-striate and having compressed ribs, swollen into nodules above and below, close on the upper whorls, rare or almost disappearing below the middle. Whorls remaining 13 to 14, rather flattened, the last striate and ribbed, somewhat bicarinate beneath, a furrow between the carinae; anteriorly moderately frete. Internal column en- circled by a thick, deeply grooved lamella which is somewhat beaded. Aperture oblique, obliquely piriform, subangular at the base on the right side ; peristome continuous, narrowly expanded. Length 17, diam. 4 mm.; aperture 3% mm. in oblique length, 2% wide." (P/V). Eastern Cuba : Cayo del Hey, in the jurisdiction of Mayari, prov. Santiago (Wright). 170 UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. Cyl. geminata PFR., Malak. BL, xvii, 1870, p. 92 ; Monogr.y viii, p. 441. — ARANGO, Fauna, p. 122. This species varies widely in sculpture. The whole sur- face has fine, sharp, slightly waved 'stride. On the upper half there are rather close stout hollow ribs, swollen at the sutures, and often more or less extensively lost by erosion. At and below the middle these ribs become sparser, or they become weaker midway between sutures, leaving a series of oblong bosses above and below the sutures. The last one to three whorls may be either almost ribless, or there may be irregularly developed ribs, as in the specimen figured (fig. 42). The last whorl is either rounded beneath, or flattened, or even with a spiral concavity, which Pfeiffer refers to in his description. The axis is very wide in the median whorls. It is en- circled by a double cord with a median sulcus, and sculptured with oblique nodes, as shown in fig. 53, which represents the 5th, 6th and 7th whorls from the base. It diminishes rapidly above, slowly below, and within the last whorl is simple, with merely a slight swelling. The shell ordinarily measures, length 15, diam. 3.8 mm., and has about 11 whorls. 44. U. INTUSMALLEATA (' Gundl. ' Pfr.) PL 45, figs. 44, 45, 46, 47. Shell cylindric, the upper third or fourth tapering to a rather wide truncation; thin; gray- white; dull, sculptured with narrow ribs, about one-third as wide as their intervals, swollen drop-like at the ends; each interval sculptured with about 4 (3 to 6) sharp thread-like striae. Whorls rather flat, the suture impressed; last whorl shortly free in front, some- somewhat flattened basally, subangular at the periphery. Aperture obliquely short-ovate, the peristome expanded and narrowly reflexed. Internal pillar moderately stout in the intermediate whorls, constricted above and below near the partitions, sculptured with wide-spaced, sigmoid, oblique ribs connecting low spiral ridges running above and below in each whorl (pi. 45, fig. 47, fourth whorl from base). In the last two whorls this sculpture is obsolete, and above the pillar rapidly tapers, becoming smooth (pi. 45, fig. 46, the 7th, 8th and 9th whorls from the base) . UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. 171 Length 13.5, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 12. Length 16, diam. 3.3 mm. ; whorls 13. Eastern Cuba : near Santiago, in the districts Enramada and Corralillo, under stones; also Monte Toro, west of Yateras, somewhat larger specimens (Gundlach) ; plantation El Coco, in Sagua de Tanamo (Arango) ; in the north reported from Mayari, Barajagua and Cayo del Rey (Wright). Cyl. intusmalleata Gundlach, PFR., Malak. Bl. v, 1855, p. 186 ; vi, 1859, p. 97 ; ix, p. 131.— PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 705.— SOWERBY, C. Icon, xx, pi. 7, f. 64. — POEY, Memorias ii, p. 93.— ARANGO, Fauna, p. 122.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 235.— Cyl. (Scalatella) intermalleata SCHAUFUS in Paetel. CataL, p. 68. The ribs are narrower and closer together than in U. fastigiata, which is moreover a longer shell. U. uncata has the ribs more swollen on the upper part of the shell; and it differs from both in the internal structure. U. geminata is the most closely allied species, but in that the ribs are less slender and less regular, the intervals are more finely striate, and the internal column, while of the same type, differs conspicuously in detail of structure. U. interrupta is an ex- ternally very similar species. Gundlach notes that about 10 whorls are lost by the adult. This species ranges across the island from north to south. 45. U. FASTIGIATA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 45, figs. 36-41. Shell subulate, gray- white, usually truncate but sometimes retaining the dead-white early portion. Deciduous whorls finely striate, the later of them and the earlier permanent > whorls having nodules above and below the sutures; on the greater part of the shell these become ribs, which may be either narrow, and weaker in the middle, or very stout and continuous; and though more or less extensively hollow, they are but rarely broken. On the last whorl the ribs are usually interrupted and dislocated. Suture deep, the ribs more or less continuous across it. Base flattened, somewhat concave below the peripheral angle. Last whorl free in front. Aper- ture obliquely ovate, narrowed at the outer basal angle. Peris- tome thin, expanded, subreflexed. Internal column rather 172 UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. stout, being thickened by a wide spiral band which leaves a groove above and below in each whorl, is somewhat concave in the middle, and is obliquely, weakly costate -(fig. 41). In the tapering upper portion it is smooth and somewhat sinuous. Length 18.5, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 16. Length 21.3, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 23. Length 31, diam. 3.3.; whorls 36-38 (Pfr.). Length 14.5, diam. 3. ; whorls 12. Eastern Cuba: Baracoa, Yunque, Mata, on stones (Gund- lach) . Cyl. fastigiata Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. Bl. vii, 1860, p. 20 ; Novit. Conch, p. 263, pi. 65 ; f . 23-25 ; Monogr., vi, p. 382. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 4, f. 34. — ARANGO, Fauna, p. 121. The size and number of whorls retained varies within wide limits, and the sculpture, as the figures show, is not less vari- able. The internal column is of the same general type as that of U. geminata, but far less strongly developed, more as in U. lateralis, which though conspicuously diverse, is the most closely allied species. U. fastigiata has been distributed un- der the apparently ms. name C. lineata Gundl. It is known from the district of Baracoa only. 46. U. LATERALIS (' Paz ' Pfr.). PI. 46, figs. 54-59. Shell very slender, subulate, light brown or purplish brown, tapering from the base to the narrow truncation, or rarely retaining all or part of the abandoned white early whorls. Surface lusterless, very -finely arcuately striatulate, the median and later whorls more or less distinctly crenate below the suture, the last two or three whorls usually crenate above the suture also, and with a row of small nodes along the basal angle. Base flat. Last whorl becoming free, with a rather long straight descending neck. Aperture obliquely oval, the peristome expanded and narrowly reflected. Internal column rather slender, thickened by a spiral callus which is obliquely, closely ribbed, a little concave and smoother in the middle, and separated by grooves from the partitions above and be- low (pi. 46, fig. 56). UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. 173 Length 17.6, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 16. Yunque ; normally truncate. Length 21.5, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 19. Yunque ; normally truncate. Length 27, diam. 2.3 mm. ; whorls 33. Spire complete. Eastern Cuba: Yunque de Baracoa, on rocks and stones (Gundlach). Cyl. lateralis Paz mss., PFR., Malak. Bl. vii. 1860, p. 21; Novit. Conch, p. 263, pi. 65, f . 26, 27 ; Monogr., vi, p. 376.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 118. Related to U. fastigiata, but very distinct by its ribless sur- face, tapering shape, many convex whorls and more slender pillar. The typical form (figs. 55, 57, 58) is almost or quite free from sutural and basal nodules, but specimens with these vestiges of ribs (fig. 54) occur with them. Those illus- trated are from the ''Yunque" of Baracoa, the only locality yet known. The ribs on the internal pillar give the impression voiced by Arango that the column is sinistrally plicate; but they are of the same nature as the oblique ribs in other species of this group, and further examples of homoplastic structure occur in Ccelostemma, Ccelocentrum, etc. The nepionic whorls are vertically, delicately ribbed (pi. 46, fig. 59). Section MACEO Pils. & Van., 1898. PILSBRY & VANATTA, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 270, 275. Type and sole species U. interrupta Gundl. Urocoptis with a single stout axial lamella median in each whorl, the rounded edge of which is closely crenulate or "milled" (pi. 46, fig. 61). The single species is from eastern Cuba. Sectional name to honor a Cuban patriot. While at first sight the axis is quite unlike that of Idio- stemma, it is in reality only a modification of the type seen in U. fastigiata, produced by the upper edge of the callous band around the axis of that species becoming much more prominent, and the lower edge diminishing. The fine crenu- 174 UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. lations of the edge of the spiral fold are homologous with the oblique plicae developed in Idiostemma. The external sculp- ture of the shell is that of the ribbed forms of Idiostemma. 47. U. INTERRUPTA (Gundlach). PL 46, figs. 60-64. Shell cylindric, the upper third or half tapering to a rather wide truncation; thin; gray- white; surface lustreless, sculp- tured with close, rounded hollow ribs above (generally in large part broken in adult shells) , the ribs becoming weak in the middle or wholly interrupted on the median whorls, per- sisting only as white bosses above and below the suture, on the later whorls; the intervals finely striate. Last whorl rounded below, produced in a short, round, somewhat con- tracted neck. Aperture obliquely oval, the peristome nar- rowly reflexed. Internal axis wound round with a stout lamella, rounded at the edge and milled like a coin; it is strongest in the median whorls, becoming lower and more oblique above and below, obsolete in the last whorl, where the axis is slender and straight. Length 12.3, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 10%. Length 11.5, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls 10-13 (P/r.). Length 14, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls 11. Length 10.8, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 9^. Eastern Cuba: Manzanillo (type locality), Santiago de Cuba and Cabo Cruz; larger specimens from Guisa (Gund- lach). CyL interrupta Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. BL, iv, 1857, p. 175; v, p. 44; Conchyl. Cab., p. 29, pi. 4, f. 7-9; Novit. Conch., p. 248, pi. 63, f . 13-15 ; Monogr., iv, p. 705 ; vi, p. 382. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 121.— Sows., C. Icon., pi. 8, f. 71.— Urocoptis (Maceo) interrupta Gundl., PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 275, pi. 17, f. 7 (axis). Near U' geminata in sculpture, but distinct from all other known species in the single stout axial lamella, rounded at the edge, which is closely crenulate or "milled" like a coin. This sculpture often extends below the median ridge, espe- cially in some specimens which have the pillar calloused below it, the prominent spiral in Maceo being homologous with UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA. 175 the upper of the two cords in Idiostemma. There are fre- quently some irregularly spaced ribs on the last whorl, as in fig. 63. Subgenus COCHLODINELLA Pils. & Van., 1898. Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 270, 274. Type U. poeyana. Shell similar to Urocoptis s. str. in general structure, but small and thin, fusiform or subcylindric, the axis slender and straight, arcuate in the last whorl only. Basal keel rather weak or wanting. Spire truncate (rarely retained entire in. exceptional individuals) ; the rejected whorls numerous, at- tenuate, apical whorls smooth, bulbous. Distribution, western Cuba, southern Florida. The dentition of the species of this group (pi. 61, fig. 19, U. poeyana) closely resembles that of the smaller forms of Gongylostoma (such as pi. 61, fig. 12, U. wrighti). The rha- chidian tooth is rather wide, its cusp equal to the ectocones of the adjacent lateral teeth, and the number of teeth in a transverse row is small, 10.1.10 in U. poeyana. The general structure of the shell (aside from the axis), the large number of deciduous whorls of the slender spire, and the smooth, somewhat club-shaped earliest whorls, all show close relation- ship to Gongylostoma, and indicate that Cochlodinella is a branch of the same stock in which axial lamellse have either never been developed, or have been wholly lost. I see at present no way of determining whether the axis is primitive or degenerate, but the former alternative is perhaps the sim- pler. The group is not related to Jamaican species of similar shell-structure, the testimony of the dentition showing the resemblance of the shells to be adventitious. A group of Cuban species superficially similar to the U. rosea group of Jamaica. The species gonostoma Gundl. and paradoxa Arango, at one time referred to here, constitute the new subgenus Lyobasis Pilsbry, in Opeas, the former species being the type. This stenogyroid group is peculiar in the detached and free latter half of the last whorl, the piriform aperture and continuous peristome. Urocoptis floridana (Cyl. floridana Dall, Trans. Wagner UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA. Free Inst. Sci. iii, p. 13), from the Oligocene of Ballast Point, Tampa, Florida, belongs apparently to Cochlodinetta. Key to Species. I. Aperture subcircular. Western Cuba. 1. Neck quite short, or adnate. U. poeyana, no. 48; U. presasiana, no. 49 ; U. conferta, no. 50. 2. Neck moderately long, round. a. Corneous or brown; riblets slightly arcuate, the intervals about three times their width. Length 14 to 16, diam. 3.6 to 4 mm. U. illamellata, no. 51. &. Ribs sinuous, wide-spaced. Length 14 to 16, diam. 3 to 3.5 mm. U. mixta, no. 53. c. Dark purple-brown; riblets rather close and fine, 17-19 x 4-4.4 mm. U. atropurpurea, no. 54. d. Pale corneous; striation fine and close, coarser on the rather long neck; length 12.5-14, diam. 3.1-3.5 mm. U. soluta, no. 55. [II. Aperture rounded-ovate, the outer margin angularly produced; striation close, fine; neck flattened above and on the outside. About 10x2.5 mm. Eastern Cuba. Brachypodella angulifera.] 48. U. POEYANA (Orbigny). PI. 42, figs. 77, 78, 79. ''Shell much lengthened, fusiform, thin, corneous, longi- tudinally acutely striate; spire much lengthened, inflated, acuminate behind, truncate (subulate in the young), whorls 11, somewhat convex, the last carinate in front; aperture round, peristome continuous, acute. Length 14, diam. 3 mm/* (Orb.) Cuba (M. de la Sagra). Pupa poeyana ORB., Hist, de 1'Ile de Cuba, Moll., i, p. 185, pi. 12, f. 24-26 (1841, cf. Mai. BL, xxii, p. 174, footnote).— Cylindrella poeyana Orb., PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 380; iii, 572; iv, 702; vi, 374; Mai. BL, 1854, p. 211; Conchyl. Cab., p. 26, pi. 3, f. 29-31.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 229.— ARANGO, Fauna Mai. Cubana, p. 116. UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA. 177 A typical Cuban specimen is figured (pi. 42, figs. 77, 78, 79.) It is strongly fusiform, the four later whorls rather swollen, those above tapering to a truncation about half the greatest diameter of the shell. The last whorl also tapers rather strongly, has a low, hardly cord-like basal keel, some- times nearly obsolete, and projects very shortly in front. Whorls ordinarily 9-11. The surface is glossy, corneous, with close, even, slightly sinuous but hardly arcuate whitish thread- like striae, narrower than their intervals. The aperture is oblique and almost circular, with a reflexed, slightly thick- ened white lip. The axis is straight and simple. Length 13, diam. 3.2 mm. Var. VARIEGATA (Pfeiffer). PL 42, figs. 80, 81, 82. "Shell fusiform-cylindric, truncate, rather straightly rib- striate; longitudinally denticulate-streaked with whitish and corneous, the apex reddish or brown. Whorls 12. A little convex, the last a little protracted, carinated at the base. Aperture circular, the peristome expanded, white. Length 17, diam. 4 mm.; diam. of aperture 3*4 mm." (Pfr.). Cuba: Very abundant on palm roots and in woods around Matanzas (Pfr.; Bartlett). Carmelo and Marianao, near Havana (S. N. Rhoads). Florida: Key West (Hemphill, Rush et al.) ; near the mouth of Miami River, under stones in open pine land, copiously (Rhoads, Pilsbry). Clausilia subulaf PFR., Wiegm., Archiv f. Naturg., 1839, i, p. 353.— Cyl. variegata PFRV Symbolse, ii, p. 60 (1842) ; in Phil., Abbild., i, p. 180, pi. 1, f. 11; Monogr., ii, p. 374; iii, 572; iv, 702; vi, 374; viii, 434; Malak. BL, 1854, p. 211; Conchyl. Cab., p. 25, pi. 3, f. 18-28.— SOWB., Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 15, f. 131. — Cylindrella poeyana Orb., BINNEY, Terr. Moll., iv, p. 149 ; Land and F.-W. Sh. of N. A., p. 22, f . 15 ; Terr. Moll., v, p. 382, pi. x, f. R (teeth) ; Man. Amer. Land. Sh., p. 411, f. 451 (teeth) ; p. 412, f. 452 (shell).— Urocoptis poeyana Orb., RHOADS, Nautilus, xiii, p. 45. — PILSBRY, Nautilus, xi, 107. — Pupa ( Siphon ostoma) lactaria GLDV Bost. Journ. of Nat. Hist., iv, 1844, p. 491, pi. 24, f. 13.— Cylindrella lactaria GLDV Terrestr. Moll. U. S., ii, p. 309 (descr. of Matanzas spec.) ; iii, pi. 69, f. 2 (Floridian specimen). 178 UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA. Cylindrella jejuna GLD., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1848, p. 41 ; Terr. Moll. U. S., ii, p. 310 ; iii, pi. 69, f . 3. U. p. variegata differ from typical poeyana in the less fusi- form shape, generally more broadly truncate apex, and espe- cially in the much more distinct basal carina. The white streaks are not a very constant feature. Figure 81 of plate 42 represents a Matanzas specimen. Gould's type of C. lactaria (pi. 42, fig. 80) was also from this place. It is a far more common shell in collections than U. poeyana. The length of Matanzas shells ordinarily varies from 11 mm. with 9l/2 whorls to 16 mm with 11 whorls. At Marianao Mr. Rhoads collected numerous rather large specimens, normally truncate adults measuring length 15 mm. with 10% whorls to 12 mm. with 9% whorls. 9% whorls are cut off in adult shells. At Carmelo the shells were smaller, length 11 mm. with 8%, to Sy2 mm. with 7% whorls. Floridian specimens from Miami (fig. 82) are either cor- neous-white or brown, with white striae and with or without some white maculation. They are usually broadly truncate, with about 8y2 whorls remaining, the basal keel rather strong. The peristome is either shortly free or rarely adherent above. In rare cases where the abandoned early whorls have not broken off there are 17 to 19% whorls, the first one smooth and translucent, very rapidly widening, next several whorls narrower, so that the tip is bulbous. The size varies a good deal Length 15.5, diam. 2.8 mm.; whorls 19% (apex entire). Length 12.5, diam. 2.8 mm.; whorls 17 (apex entire). Length 12.5, diam. 3.2 mm.; whorls 9 (truncate). Length 9.5, diam. 2.8 mm.; whorls 7y2 (truncate). Length 9.5, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 8 (truncate). The white maculation typical of variegata is frequently developed; the lip is thin, well expanded and somewhat reflexed. At Key West, Fla., the shells have a much thickened peri- stome, and the axis is usually perceptibly twisted. Var. jejuna (Old.). PL 42, figs. 83, 84. Smaller, the neck longer. Length two-fifths, diam. one- UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA. 179 tenth inch. ' l Seems to be constantly smaller, darker colored, more solid and with more convex whorls" than poeyana. Florida. Agrees in size with the smaller specimens of U. poeyana found at Miami, but none of the several hundred collected there by Mr. Rhoads and myself has so long a neck as the figure of jejuna shows. Var. LACTEOFLUA Pilsbry, n. v. PL 42, fig. 85. Shell corneous below, brownish above, copiously marked with opaque white irregular stripes and spots, rarely wanting. Striae wide-spaced, strong below the sutures, elsetvhere weak or obsolete, except on the earlier and last whorls. Basal keel low but distinct. Axis simple. Aperture as in U. poeyana. Length 13.7, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls Length 12, diam. 3.3 mm. ; whorls Length 9.3, diam. 2.8 mm. ; whorls 8%. Cuba: Paso Viejo, in the municipal district of Pinar del Rio (Chas. Wright). Differs from U. p. variegata by its irregular sculpture. 49. U. PRESASIANA (Pfeiffer). ' ' Shell subrimate, cylindric turreted, thin, entire or trun- cate, finely and closely striate, pale corneous, pellucid, silky. Spire noticeably tapering above the middle, the vertex small. Whorls 14 in an entire specimen, 8 to 9 in truncate shells, a little convex, the last slightly protracted, subangular at the base. Aperture oblique, circular, the peristome continuous, narrowly expanded throughout. Internal column simple. Length of an entire specimen 13, diam. 2% mm. (P/V.). Western Cuba: Hato Sagua, near the foot of Pan de Guajaybon, Pinar del Rio (Gundlach). Cyl. presasiana PFR., Malak. BL, xiii, 1866, p. 62 ; Monogr., vi, p. 372. — ARANGO, Contr., p. 115. Specimens before me which seem to be referable to this species are very similar to U. poeyana, but more closely stri- ate. The neck is extremely short, and sometimes the peri- stome is adherent above. 180 UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA. 50. U. CONFERTA ( Arango) . "Shell rimate, subcylindric, rather solid, somewhat closely striate, whitish ; spire shortly truncate ; suture impressed, not crenulate; whorls remaining 10, somewhat flattened, the last obsoletely carinate, shortly free; aperture subcircular, the peristome a little reflexed. Length of truncate shell 10, diam. 2y2 mm. Internal column simple" (Arango). Cuba. Cyl. conferta AR., Proc. Acad. N. S. Pbila. 1882, p. 108 (June 27). No further information has been published. 51. U. ILLAMELLATA (/Wright' Pfr.). PL 42, figs. 86, 89, 90. Shell subrimate, fusiform-turreted, rather thin, obliquely subarcuately striate, diaphanous, pale corneous. Spire a little swollen in the middle, the apex entire, rather obtuse or shortly truncate. Whorls 14 in an entire specimen, a little convex, the last shortly free, obliquely protracted, rounded, obsoletely compressed at the base, somewhat narrowed in front. Aperture oblique, subcircular; peristome narrowly expanded throughout. Internal column simple. Length 16i/2, diam. 4 mm. (Pfr.). Western Cuba: La Palma, in district of Consolacion del Norte, Pinar del Rio province (Chas. Wright). Cyl. illamellata Wright mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1864, p. 130; Monogr., vi, p. 373.— Sows., Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 10, f. 87.— ARANGO, Coiitr., p. 116.— U. "mamillata Wright, " PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. P. 1898, p. 275. The specimens from Wright before me are pale brown and rather opaque. The ribs are rather widely spaced, the inter- vals being about three times their width. There is no basal keel, but the whorl is noticeably compressed around the short axial chink. The short neck is round. All of the specimens I have seen are narrowly truncate. Length 16.2, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 10y2. Length 14, diam. 3.6 mm. ; whorls 9%. The length of the neck varies a good deal, and it is often shorter than in the specimen figured. UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA. 181 53. U. MIXTA ('Wright' Pfr.). PL 42, figs. 91, 92. Shell cylindric-turreted, the upper half tapering to a nar- row truncation; rather thin, corneous or pale brown with lighter striae. Surface but slightly shining, sculptured with sinuous, oblique, thread-like riblets, widely and unequally spaced. Whorls about 11, the upper convex, lower somewhat flattened, separated by an impressed suture; last whorl rounded below, shortly free in front. Aperture oblique, circular, the peristome narrowly expanded, reflexed and wider on the columellar margin. Axis slender and simple. Length 14.5, diam. 3.5 mm.; whorls 11 (Pfeiffer's type). Length 16, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 11%. Length 13.8, diam. 2.8 mm. ; whorls 10%. Western Cuba : Sugar plantation La Cochinata, at Las Pozas, near the north coast, in dist. of Bahia Honda, prov. Pinar del Rio, under stones (Wright). Cyl. mixta Wright mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xii, 1865, p. 120; Monogr., vi, p. 381. — ARANGO, Contr., p. 121. Closely related to U. illamellata, but narrower, with some- what more spaced and more sinuous riblets. 54. U. ATROPURPUREA ( Arango) . PL 42, figs. 96, 97. Shell cylindric, the upper third tapering; rather thin, dark purple-brown. Surface somewhat glossy, regularly sculp- tured with fine thread-like rib-striae, which are nearly straight narrow, and parted by intervals wider than the riblets. Whorls about 9, convex, the last continued free in a rather long, descending round neck. Basal keel faintly indicated or wanting. Aperture slightly longer than wide, subcircular, the peristome white, expanded, reflexed on the upper and columellar margins. Axis slender and straight. Length 19, diam. 4.4 mm. Length 17, diam. 4 mm. Western Cuba : La Jagua, near La Palma, dist. Consolacion del Norte, Pinar del Rio (Arango). Cyl. atropurpurea ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 106 (June 27, 1882). The dark color, more regular and closer striation and longer UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. neck, separate this species from the allied U. illaw.ellnta. Au entire shell has 13 whorls, according to Arango. The figures and description are from specimens sent by him. 55. U. SOLUTA (Pfeiffer). PI. 42, figs. 93, 94, 95. Shell fusiform, rather thin, slightly inflated in the middle, the upper third or more tapering to the narrow truncation; pale corneous. Surface rather glossy, densely and finely striate, the striae smooth, about as wide as the intervals, be- coming much coarser, sharper and more widely spaced on the free portion of the last whorl. Whorls 9-10, convex, the last produced downward and forward in a rather long, round neck. No basal keel. Aperture rounded-oval, longer than wide, the peristome continuous, the outer margin expanded, upper and columellar margins reflexed, whitish. Axis slender and straight. Length 12.5, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls 8%- Length 13.8, diam. 3.1 mm. ; whorls 9%. Length 14, diam. 3.5 mm.; whorls 9 (Pfr's type). Western Cuba : Between Guajaybon and la Chorrera, Pinar del Rio, on walls, type loc. ; S. Andres (Wright). Cyl. soluta PFR., Mai. BL, xi, 1863, p. 6; Monogr., vi, p. 374. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 9, f. 75. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 112. Differs from U. atropurpurea by the longer neck, more coarsely sculptured than the rest of the shell, and the finer, closer striation of the spire, as well as the paler color. Sub genus GONSYLOSTOMA Albers, 1850. Urocoptis with one or more spiral axial lamellae, the free edge of the lower lamella, at least in the upper whorls, being serrate, cut into teeth, or bearing spines directed radially and more or less toward the aperture. Early whorls generally lost from the adult shell; apical whorls smooth (except in Fibricutis] ; basal keel generally indistinct or wanting. Type U. elegans (Pfr.). (Gongylostoma, round mouth.) Dentition quite various in regard to the number of teeth, see p. 110, but the teeth of the central row are wider than in Idiostemma, agreeing with Cochlodinella and Autocoptis. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 183 This group comprises a great variety of shell-forms, from short and swollen to long and fusiform ; the last whorl being either adnate to the preceding or projected in a long neck. The subgenus is characteristic'of western Cuba, as Idiostemma is of eastern; only a few forms occurring in the east. Up to this time very few are known from central Cuba, east of Matanzas province. Gongylostoma is chiefly developed upon and near the Sierra de los Organos, including the lower con- tinuation of the same mountain system eastward to Matanzas. To what extent they follow the hill country still further to the east remains to be determined; but Pinar del Rio appa- rently has the greatest variety of forms, as well as the largest number of species. The subgenus was subdivided in my paper of 1898 accord- ing to the number of spiral axial lamellae above the dentate basal one; but further study shows this to be in many cases a secondary character, even coloration and sculpture-pattern outranking it. There are many phyla in the group, more or less exactly parallel or homoplastic in internal structure, and so far as I can see, inter-related about as indicated in the accompanying diagram, in which the "concreta group" may perhaps represent primitive forms, since it is likely that the whole series arose from a stock in which there was one spiral axial lamella with a lower cord above it. 3 or more f Calloni^ Pycnoptychia axial lamellae . i f Esochara 2 axial iocallonia Paracallonia Sectilumen I trilamellata gr. lamellae. Elegans group — coerulans group— pruinosa gr. | | ventricosa gr. 1 lamella. -{ Tetrentodon— concreta gr. torquata gr. wrighti gr. No lamellae { Cochlodinella Diagram showing approximate relationships of West Cuban groups of Urocoptis. The group of U. elegans is a middle point whence variously modified phyla radiate, the group of U. cczrulans another. The comparative lengths of some lines in the diagram are 184 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. somewhat out of proportion, in order to show the number of spiral lamellae. Thus, Pycnoptychia is really as near as Esochara to the elegans group in structure In the concreta- elegans-Liocallonia series there is practically no modification in texture, form or onamentation externally. In a number of groups, two parallel series of species, finely striate and spaced rib-striate or costulate, exist. This is espe- cially noticeable in the group of U. elegans and phyla radi- ating therefrom. Key to Sections of Gongylostoma. I. Lower axial lamella expanding into a broad, flat or cup- shaped plate, in an intermediate whorl. Western Cuba. Section Esochara, no. 58-60. II. Two subequal axial spirals, the cavity of an intermediate whorl contracted by accessory lamellae upon the parietal, basal and usually the outer walls. Eastern Cuba. Section Sectilumen, no. 57. III. Intermediate whorls without such special modifications of the lamellae. 1. Shell small, pale, with nodose suture and fine, inter- lacing striae; truncate, the rejected portion long, attenuate, with costulate apical whorls. Axis with one spinose lamella. Eastern Cuba. Section Fibricutis, no. 56. 2. Rather large, uniform brown or corneous-brown; axis with 3 to 8 spiral lamellae, increasing in size from the upper to the lowest, which is widest; re- jected portion of spire short, not attenuate, apical whorls smooth; aperture not dark within. Section Pycnoptycliia, no. 61-66. 3. Axis with 3 thin spiral lamellae, the upper widest, lower smallest in intermediate whorls ; shell slender. a. Shell sculptured with large, hollow ribs, very slender and many-whorled, attenuate above, whorls 30 to 40 in entire shells. Section Callonia, no. 69, 70. UROCCPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 185 b. Shell merely striate or rib-striate, corneous or brownish, whorls less numerous, 10 to 25. Section Liocallonia, no. 71-83. 4. Axis stout, with 3 nearly horizontal lamellae, sub- equal in the intermediate whorls. Section Paracallonia, no. 67, 68. 5. Axis with 1 to 3 lamellae, the upper one thickened if wider than the lower, the latter spinose or ser- rate, at least in the earlier whorls. a. Shell plain corneous or brownish, usually somewhat translucent, striate or with spaced riblets ; axial lamellae 1 to 3 ; the lower one serrate, at least in the upper whorls ; aperture pale within. Shell usually rather small. Section Gongylostoma, no. 84-114. b. Shell rather long, light colored, with a more or less distinct basal brown band; last whorl adnate or but shortly free ; axis straight above the single, serrate, sub-basal lamella. Group of U. torquala, no. 115-125. c. Shell opaque, dull, purplish or brown, with light riblets; aperture brownish inside; axis with 1 to 3 lamellae, the lower projecting wid- est. Group of U. trilamellata, no. 137-143. d. Shell variegated, corneous or brown and white. aa. Irregularly marbled, and with a series of white subsutural beads; one or two axial lamellae; basal keel indistinct. Group of U. coerulans, no. 126-136. bb. Irregularly marbled, nearly smooth, the suture plain; axis stout, with a low cord above the sub-basal lamella. Eastern Cuba. Group of U. ventricosa, no. 145. cc. Brown with white-bordered dark stripes ; basal keel distinct; axis with 2 subequal lamellse. I. of Pines. Group of U. pruinosa, no. 144. dd. Corneous with sparse white stripes, or 186 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. white with corneous stripes; extremely slender, generally with a long descend- ing neck; axis with a single small la- mella. Central and eastern Cuba. Group of U. wrighti, no. 146-151. 6. Axis with one or two weak spirals, not denticulate or spinose ; shell very slender with round neck. Section Tetrentodon, no. 152-166. Section Fibricutis Pilsbry, 1903. Small, cylindric and truncate, roughly striate, and crenate- at the sutures, with a spinose axial lamella; the rejected whorls numerous, forming a slender, attenuate spire; 2% nepionic whorls vertically costulate. (Fibra, filament; cutisr skin.) By the structure of the axis, the single species of this group would belong to Gongylostoma (in the wide sense) ; but by the external sculpture, and especially that of the nepionic shell, it approaches Idiostemma. The relationships of the group must be considered uncertain until the dentition is examined. It occurs in Santiago province, the Idiostemma country. 56. U. SCABROSA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 58, figs. 69, 70. 71. Shell small, cylindric-tapering, lustreless, pale fleshy, densely sculptured with fine, interlacing white stria, forming an irregular fibrous or netted pattern; with low white bosses below the suture, and sometimes above it also. Spire slowly tapering, rather widely truncate ; whorls convex, the last very shortly free. Aperture circular, the lip slightly expanded. Axis encircled by a small lower lamella, which is densely and delicately spinose, and a low, slightly spiral cord above it, both disappearing in the earlier whorls. About 11 early whorls are cast off, this portion being subulate, attenuated towards the noticeably bulbous apex, the nepionic shell con- sisting of 2% vertically costellate whorls. Length 9.5, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 9-10. Eastern Cuba: Yateras, under stones (Gundlach) ; Pal- enque, dist. of Alto Songo, prov. Santiago (Wright). UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 187 Cyl. scabrosa Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., vi, p. 98 (no description) ; ix, 1862, p. 131 ; Monogr., vi, p. 383. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 123. — Cyl. fibrosa GUNDLACH mss. in some col- lections. Exceedingly peculiar in the fibrous sculpture. The surface is more or less coated with calcareous earth, evidently held by the slime of the snail. Section Sectilumen Pils. & Van., 1898. PILSBRY & VANATTA, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 271, 276. Type and sole species U. ornata. Urocoptis with two axial lamellae, the upper cord-like, the lower acute and spinose, and in an intermediate whorl having an accessory lamella on the upper partition, a smaller one on the lower. Dentition as in Gongylostoma generally, the cen- tral teeth being wide (pi. 61, fig. 16). (Sectus, cut; lumen, window or opening.) Distribution eastern Cuba. The single species composing this Section has external sculpture like Maceo or some forms of Idiostemma, and in- habits the same region; but the axial lamellae and dentition are such as occur in Gongylostoma. The accessory lamellae special to the group are homoplastic with those of typical Holospira. Nothing of the sort has been found in any other Antillean species. The sculpture of the early whorls is un- known. Like the preceding group, this does not seem closely related to those following. The number of teeth in a row is reduced to 8.1.8, as in the more specialized Gongylostomae. 57. U. ORNATA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 52, figs. 37, 38, 39, 40. Shell cylindrical, the upper 2 or 3 whorls only tapering, solid, lustreless and opaque, light dull fleshy-brownish. Sur- face very densely and minutely striate, the striae hair-like, and having a series of white tubercles above and below the sutures. Sometimes there are weak ribs unequally developed on some whorls, and the latter half of the last whorl may be ribbed. Whorls flattened, the suture impressed, the last whorl ribbed beneath, not carinate, projecting free in a rounded neck. Aperture oblique, oval, the lip thick, ex- 188 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. panded, Isabella tinted. Axis rather stout, with two lamellse, the upper one a stout rounded cord, the lower narrow and spinose at the acute edge; in the intermediate whorls a low rounded cord revolves below the denticulate lamella. In the fifth whorl from the base the cavity is narrowed by a very strong, outward-flaring lamella hanging from the upper or parietal partition, and a corresponding, much lower plica on the floor or lower partition, each being fully one whorl long. The young shell, according to Pfeiffer, is long and very slender, acutely produced, composed of about 12 whorls. Length 11.5, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 12. Length 10, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 10. Length 12, diam. 2.75 mm.; whorls 12 (Pfeiffer's type). Eastern Cuba: Yateras, Guantanamo (Gundlach) ; Yacabo- arriba, Baracoa (Arango). Cyl. ornata Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., vi, 1859, p. 97 ; Monogr., vi, p. 382.— BINNEY, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., iii, p. 126, pi. 14, f. A (dentition).— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 122.— Urocoptis (Sectilumen) ornata Gundl., PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 276, pi. 17, f. 9 (interior). Externally this species resembles U. (Maceo) interrupta. Internally it has much in common with the typical section of Holospira (see pi. 21, 22). The lower or basal plica is sometimes weak or obsolete ; and the outer wall of the con- stricted whorl is decidedly thickened, thicker than in pre- ceding or following whorls, and bears a median low callus or cord, corresponding to that of Holospira. The finely den- ticulate axial lamella persists in the early whorls, the upper cord-like one being low or subobsolete there. There is indi- vidual variation of fully a half whorl in the number of whorls formed beyond the obstructed one. Figures 37 and 38 repre- sent front and back views of the same shell. Section Esochara Pils. & Van., 1898. Esochara P. & V., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 271, 276, type U. strangulata. Urocoptis with two axial lamellae (the upper one sometimes vestigial), the lower denticulate in the upper whorls, then UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 189 expanding in a broad plate bisecting the cavity in one or two submedian whorls, reduced again below. In U. fabreana the teeth (pi. 61, figs. 13, 14) are larger than in any other species of the family I have examined. The centrals are narrow, almost as in Idiostemma. This group of western Cuba has apparently been special- ized from an ancestral species belonging to Gongylostoma s. str. Its peculiar internal structure was noticed first by Poey. Key to Species of Esochara. I. Last whorl very shortly free in front; suture simple; shell rather large. 1. Brown, the length about 3% times the diam. ; two axial lamellae in the upper whorls. U. strangulata, no. 58. 2. Dull corneous or pale, the length 4 or 5 times the diam. ; one axial lamella in the upper whorls. U. fabreana, no. 59. II. Last whorl produced in a long, descending neck ; suture bordered below by white bosses; shell small. U. teneriensis, no. 60. 58. U. STRANGULATA (Poey) . PI. 52, figs. 28, 29, 30. Shell cylindric, the upper third rather rapidly tapering to a wide truncation; thin; dull brown. Surface lustreless, sculptured with oblique riblets separated by intervals of three or four times their width. Whorls slightly convex, the last rounded beneath, with a low cord-like basal carina, very shortly free in front. Aperture subcircular, but the upper external margin is noticeably straightened. Peristome thin, expanded and narrowly reflexed. Axis with two spiral la- mellae above, the lower one expanding in a broad, flat plate or spiral disk in the antepenult, and next earlier whorls, nearly reaching the outer wall of the cavity. In the last whorl the upper lamella is reduced to a rounded cord. Length 22, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls Length 19, diam. 5.7 mm. ; whorls Western Cuba: Lomas de Candela, near Guines, prov. Habana (Gundlach). 190 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Cyl. strangulata POEY, Memorias, ii, p. 31, pi. 1, f. 20-22 (1857).— BLAND, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, of N. Y., vi, 1855, p. 151, pi. 5, f. 18 (axis).— GUNDLACH, Malak. BL, iv, 1857, p. 46 (color of soft parts). — PFR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 19, pi. 8, f. 16, 17; Monogr., iv, p. 698. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 110.— Urocoptis (Esochara) strangulata Poey, PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 276, pi. 18, f. 15 (axis). The dilatation of the lower axial lamella is longer and wider than in U. fabreana, which further differs in propor- tions and color, and in having the upper axial lamella obsolete or nearly so. Figs. 29 and 30 represent front and back views of the same shell. 59. U. FABREANA ('Poey' Pfr.). PL 52, figs. 32, 33, 34. Shell long, cylindrical, the upper fourth or third tapering to a moderately wide truncation; somewhat solid, varying from wax-colored or whitish corneous to pale brown. Sur- face lustreless, sculptured with narrow oblique riblets sepa- rated by much wider spaces. Whorls nearly flat, the last rounded below, with a low cord-like basal keel, very shortly free in front. Aperture subcircular, the peristome thin, rather broadly expanding, hardly reflexed. Axis having, above the middle, a small sub-basal finely denticulate lamella, a scarcely noticeable low cord, or rather a slight sinuosity of the pillar, above it; in the antepenult whorl the lamella ex- pands into a somewhat upward-flaring, broad plate. Length 26.5, diam. 5.2 mm. ; whorls 12. Length 20.7, diam. 5.2 mm. ; whorls 9%. Length 22, diam. 5.66 mm.; whorls 12-13 (Pfr.). Western Cuba: Seborucal, near San Antonio de los Banos, in the interior of Habana province (Fabre). Cyl. fabreana Poey mss., PFR., Malak. BL, vi, 1859, p. 96, footnote; Novit. Conch., p. 245, pi. 63, f. 1-3; Monogr., vi, p. 366. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 110. — SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 8, f. 70.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 220. Related to U. strangulata, but of a more slenderly cylin- drical shape, somewhat more finely ribbed , and differing internally in having the upper lamella obsolete, and the UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 191 expansion of the lower one somewhat less extensive, being both shorter and less broadly dilated. The pale, waxen color is a further distinction. There is the usual rather wide vari- ation in size, but the other characters seem fairly constant in over twenty-five specimens examined. 60. U. TENERIENSIS ('Wright' Pfr.). PI. 52, figs. 31, 35, 36. Shell cylindrical, the upper third or less rather rapidly tapering to a somewhat narrow truncation; rather solid; corneous clouded with white. Surface lustreless, sculptured with fine, whitish, oblique rib-striae much narrower than the intervals, and with a subsutural series of small ivhite nodules crenulating the suture. Whorls but slightly convex, the last produced forward and descending in a rather long, round, contracted neck. Aperture subcircular, the peristome thick- ened, white, rather broadly reflexed. Axis with two sub- equal spiral lamellae in the whorls above the middle, the upper lamella running to the last whorl, the lower lamella expand- ing in the antepenult, and next earlier whorls in a broad, saucer-shaped plate, about two whorls long. Length 12, diam. 2.4 mm. ; whorls 12. Whorls 12.5, diam. 2.66 mm.; whorls 12-14 (Pfr.). Western Cuba : The hacienda La Teneria, near Guane, Pinar del Rio (Wright) . Cyl. teneriensis Wright mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xii, 1865, p. 121; Monogr., vi, p. 387.— ARANGO in Poey, Repert., ii, p. 270; Contrib., p. 126. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 10, f. 84.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 240.— ? "C. finerice Wright,1' SCHAUFUS, in Paetel's Catal., p. 68. A very distinct little species, notable for its variegated coloration, subsutural crenation, long neck and the long in- ternal saucer-shaped spiral lamella. There is merely a slight trace of the basal keel. In color it reminds one of the varie- gated forms of the group of U. coerulans. Section Pycnoptychia Pils. & Van., 1898. P. & V., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 271, 275. Type U. humboldtiana Pfr. 192 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Urocoptis with 3 to 8 spiral axial lamellae, increasing in size from the upper to the lower, which is largest, and more or less crenate at the edge in the upper whorls. Last whorl shortly free, not descending, rounded beneath, the basal keel a low cord or obsolete. Sculpture of fine striae. Spire shortly truncate, the abandoned portion of few (about 6-7) whorls, and not attenuate near the smooth apex. A group of western Cuba, east to Matanzas, differentiated from typical Gongylostoma by the multiplication of axial lamellae, the non-attenuate, short abandoned portion of the spire, and the larger size. Key to Pycnoptychia, etc. I. Surface finely and closely striate. 1. Shell sinistral, very finely and closely striate. U. scava, no. 64. 2. Shell dextral. a. Axial lamellae more than 3; diam. of shell one-fourth the length or less. &. Striae close and fine, as wide as the in- tervals. U. humboldtiana, no. 61. &6. Striae more spaced, the intervals wider. U. h. peraffinis. aa. Three axial lamellae; diam. more than one- fourth the length ; very densely striate, glossy. U. striatella, no. 63. II. Surface dull, sculptured with spaced rib-striae. 1. Interior the color of the outside ; shell but slightly tapering above, thin. U. shuttleworthiana, no. 65. 2. Opaque; interior brownish or dark; sculpture of light riblets on a dark ground. Group of U. trilamellata, no. 139, etc. U. torrei (no. 62), an insufficiently described species, is also provisionally included in this section; also U. oviedoiana, no. 66, the interior of which is unknown. 61. U. HUMBOLDTIANA (Pfeiffcr). PL 47, figs. 77-81. Shell cylindric, the upper third tapering to a rather wide UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 193 truncation, thin, pale brown or reddish-brown. Surface glossy, very densely sculptured with fine, hair-like stricz, separated by intervals of the same width. Whorls but slightly convex, the last very shortly free, having a low, cord- like keel below. Aperture subcircular, brown within, the peristome expanded and reflexed, whitish or brown-tinted. Axis encircled by three principal lamellae, the lower one largest and denticulate above the middle; and in one or two median whorls low rounded cords are interposed above and below the lower lamella, and less conspicuously in the other intervals (fig. 78). Length 27, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 22.5, diam. 5.7 mm.; whorls 10. Length 22, diam. 5.5-6.5 mm.; whorls 11 (Pfr.). Western Cuba: Near Cayajabos (E. Otto) ; Tetas de Mana- gua (Poey) ; Camoa, Cuevas de Cotilla and Potrero Dique (Arango). Cyl. humboldtiana PFR. in Wiegm. Archiv f. Naturg., 1840, i, p. 252; Phil., Abbild., i, p. 184, pi. 1, f. 4; Mai. BL, 1854, p. 210 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 14, pi. 2, f . 20, 21 ; Monogr., ii, p. 373 (exclusive of var. b) ; iii, p. 570; iv, 699; vi, 368.— GUND- LACH, Malak. Bl., iv, 1857, p. 46 (descr. of animal. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 111. — BINNEY, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., iii, p. 125, and Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1875, p. 252 (jaw and teeth).— Urocoptis (Pycnoptychia) humboldtiana Pfr., PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 275, pi. 18, f. 14 (axis).— Helix columnella Fer. Mus. ? according to Pfr. More lengthened and less swollen than U. striatellaf and more closely striate than the following form. Figs. 78, 79, 80 are copies of Pfeiffer's original figures in Philippi's Abbil- dungen. Figs. 77, 78 (x 6) and 81 (nat. size) are from specimens. Var. peraffinis Pils. n. v. PI. 47, figs. 82-86. Similar to U. humboldtiana, but somewhat more solid, less shining, and the striae are ividely spaced, especially on the spire. In the penult, whorl there are three or four, in the next earlier four subequal cords above the lower lamella, and one below it (fig. 86 x 6). 194 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Length 28.8, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls Length 23.6, diam. 5.8 mm. ; whorls Length 27, diam. 5.3 mm. ; whorls 13. Length 26.5, diam. 5.5 mm.; whorls 16% (spire perfect). Western Cuba: San Jose de las Lajas, in the interior of Habana province ( Gundlach) . Cyl. oviedoiana Orb., PFR., Monogr., iii, 569; iv, 698; vi, 366; Conchyl. Cab., p. 22, pi. 3, f. 1, 2.— BLAND, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, of N. Y., vi, p. 151 (axis). — POEY, Memorias, ii, pi. 1, f. 24 (axis). — GUNDLACH, Malak. Bl., iv, 1857, p. 46 (color- ation of animal, from Tetas de Managua). — Sows., C. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 13. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 109. — CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 219. Not Pupa oviedoiana Orbigny. There is some variation in the lamellae of the axis, but the thin wide lamella below is not so prominent in the last three whorls as in U. liumboldtiana, and the others are more nearly equal in size. Ordinarily there are 10V2 to 12 whorls. In a specimen with the spire complete (fig. 82 x 6) there are 16% whorls, 6% of them above the plug, the position of which is marked by a change in color. The apex is rather large and smooth. Figures 82, 83, 86 are magnified 6 diameters. 62. U. TORREI (Arango). "C. humboldtianae proxima. Differt anfractibus 13, rarius 12 (in humboldtiana 12), minus rapide ad apicem attenuatis, convexioribus, valde conspicuis, necnon confertis Longitude testa trunca [ta] 31-32 mill. Diam. 7, apert. 5. Columella biplicata, lamina antica magis extensa." (Arango.} Western Cuba: Zapata, prov. Matanzas (La Torre). Cyl. torrei ARANGO, An. Real Acad. Cien. etc. de Habana, xii, p. 282, no. 6 (1876) ; Contrib., p. 109. Named for D. Carlos de la Torre, of Havana. The descrip- tion is very unsatisfactory, and I give it in the original. 63. U. STRIATELLA ('Wright' Pfr.). PI. 47, figs. 91-94. Shell cylindrical, the upper third tapering to a wide trun- cation; thin, pale brown, often somewhat translucent. Sur- face glossy, very closely and very finely striate, the striae hair- UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 195 like. Whorls slightly convex, the last shortly free in front, having a low, cord-like carina below. Aperture subcircular; peristome expanded and reflexed, white. Axis (fig. 93 x 6) provided with three spiral lamella, the lower one widest, its termination visible within the aperture, the upper one low and cord-like, obsolete in the upper whorls. Length 21.5, diam. 5.7 mm.; whorls 9l/2. Length 18, diam. 5.3 mm. ; whorls 91/3- Length 19-22, diam. 6.5 mm.; whorls 8-11 (Pfr.). Western Cuba: Punta de la Jaula, Guane, on rocks (\Vright). Cyl. striatella Wright mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, p. 2; Novit. Conch., p. 246, pi. 63, f. 4-6; Monogr., vi, p. 368.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 111. — SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 7. f. 55. Somewhat shorter and wider than U. humboldtiana, with distinctly finer striation, and not more than three axial la- mella3 in any whorl. Figs. 91, 93 are magnified 6 diameters, the others natural size. 64. U. SOEVA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 46, figs. 69, 70. Shell sinistral, cylindric-tapering, rather widely truncate, brown. Surface somewhat glossy, very closely and finely sculptured with thread-like stria?. Whorls but slightly con- vex, the last shortly free in front, having a low cord-like basal keel. Aperture subcircular, the peristome expanded and re- flexed. Axis provided with three spiral lamellae, the lowest one the largest, extending nearly to the aperture, finely crenu- late in the upper half of the shell ; the upper lamella smallest. Length 26, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 22, diam. 5.7 mm. ; whorls 9l/2. Length 24, diam. 5.7 mm.; whorls 11-12 (Pfr.). Western Cuba : Ceiba Mocha, a R. R. station south of Pan de Matanzas, under stones (Gundlach). Cyl. humboldtiana var., PFR., in Phil., Abbild., vii, p. 8, pi. 3, f . 11 ; Conchyl. Cab, p. 15, pi. 2, f . 22, 23.— Cyl. hum- boldtiana SOWB, C. Icon, xx, pi. 3, f. 25.— Cyl. scava Gundl. mss, PFR, Malak. BL, x, 1863, p. 248 ; Monogr, vi, p. 368.— BLD, Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. Y, viii, 1865, p. 161, f. 4 (denti- 196 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. tion) ; Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1875, p. 222, f. 64 (dentition).— CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ de Conch., 1870, pp. 9, 12 (jaw and teeth) .— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 111.— SOWB., C. Icon,, xx, pi. 14, f. 122. Intermediate between U. humboldtiana and U. striatella in shape, but constantly sinistral. The axis is like that of U. striatella. It was this form which Pfeiffer at one time re- ported from Jamaica (see C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch, no. 3, p. 39), and figured as a variety of U. liumboldtiana. He found a fragment on the beach at Matanzas, doubtless washed down from inland, the locality of the species being from south of the fine mountain Pan de Matanzas. 65. U. SHUTTLEWORTHIANA (Poey) . PL 47, figs. 89, 90 (x 6) ; pi. 46, figs. 75, 76. Shell cylindric, slowly tapering to a wide truncation above, rather thin, dull or violaceous brown. Surface nearly lustre- less, sculptured with narrow whitish and but slightly arcuate riblets, the intervals wide, about 4 times the width of the rib- lets. Whorls slightly convex, the last very shortly free in front, having a cord-like keel below. Aperture subcircular, colored within like the outside ; peristome thin, expanded and subreflexed. Axis encircled by three lamellae, the lower one widest, crenate above the middle, extending to the last whorl, the others becoming obsolete in the penult, whorl; the upper lamella is merely a low rounded cord and about two whorls long. In the third whorl from below there is a low cord below the wide lower lamella. Length 27, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 10%. Length 22, diam. 5.5 mm. ; whorls 8%. Western Cuba: Near Managua, on the plantation "Almi- rante" (Poey) ; town of Santo Cristo de la Salud, in the jurisdiction of Bejucal, prov. Habana (Arango). Cyl. shuttleworthiana POEY, Memorias, ii, p. 31, pi. 1, f. 23, axis (1857).— PFR, Conchyl. Cab., p. 18, pi. 2, f. 28, 29; pi. 8, f. 22; Monogr., iv, 698.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 109.— SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 3, f. 23. Poey justly remarks that C. ovicdoiana (= U. h. peraffinis) UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 197 is intermediate between U. shuttleworthiana and U. hum- boldtiana. U. shuttleworthiana has 30 to 40 riblets on the penult, whorl, peraffinis has nearly 70, and humboldtiana 140. The first is lustreless, peraffinis nearly so, and humboldtiana is rather glossy. Aside from these external features, the present species has great similarity to U. vignalensis, having about the same internal structure; but the interior is not darkened as in vignalensis and its allies, species which I now place in a different phylum, believing the similar axial struc- ture to be homoplastic rather than in the strict sense homo- logous. 66. U. OVIEDOIANA (Orbigny). PL 47, figs. 87, 88. Shell much lengthened, cylindric, thin, brown ; marked lon- gitudinally and a little obliquely with equal plicae, stronger in front. Spire very long, cylindric, noticeably tapering and truncate in adults, no doubt acuminate and acute in the young; composed of 12 narrow, flat whorls, the last a little detached near the mouth, and carinate below. Aperture pro^- duced quite laterally, oval, oblique, the peristome thin and sharp, much dilated and continuous. Length 28, diam. 5 mm. (Orb.). Cuba: In the interior (de la Sagra). Pupa oviedoiana ORB., Hist. Cuba, Moll., i, p. 182, pi. 12, f. 15, 16. — C. oviedoiana Orb., PFRV Monogr., ii, p. 380. If Orbigny 's figures copied on my plate are reasonably accurate, the shell usually known as oviedoiana is pretty cer- tainly not correctly identified. It differs from these figures in being stouter, with notably shorter neck and much closer striation. Moreover, the apex is more obtuse ; though from the wording of Orbigny 's description, it is not certain that he had any specimen with the spire entire, even though he so figures it. Section Paracallonia Pilsbry, 1902. Urocoptis with three axial lamella sub equal in the median whorls, the lower lamella denticulate, at least in the upper whorls. Basal keel of the last whorl weak. Type U. albo- 198 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. crenata, pi. 48, figs. 7, 8, 12. (Para, beside; Callonia, the following group.) The axis in this group is intermediate between that of Pycnopty cilia, in which the lower lamella is widest, and Cal- lonia, in which the upper one dominates in the median whorls. There are two species, U. albocrenata, with a variegated shell, bead-strung below the suture, in external features closely imitating some forms of the group of U. coerulans, and U. triplicata, plain with the suture simple. Both are from western Cuba. 67. U. ALBOCRENATA ('Giindl.' Pfr.). PI. 48, figs. 7, 8, 12. Shell cylindric or swollen in the middle, the upper fourth tapering to a wide truncation, rather thin, marbled white and translucent-corneous. Surface rather glossy, sculptured with oblique low rib-striaB, and with a conspicuous row of white nodules below the suture. Whorls slightly convex, the last very shortly free or rarely adnate, rounded below, with a very low basal cord. Aperture subcircular. the white peri- stome expanded and reflexed. Axis very slender above, some- what swollen below the middle, encircled with three subequal lamellae, the lower one slightly predominating in the penult, and next earlier whorls, denticulate, the upper lamella equal- ing it in the next two whorls upward. Length 14, diam. 3.3 mm. ; whorls ll1/^. Length 13, diam. 3.5 mm.; whorls 11-12 (Pfr.). Length 11.2, diam. 3.1 mm. ; whorls 10%. Western Cuba: Catalina de Guane, Pinar del Rio (Wright). Cyl. albocrenata Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, p. 7, no. 51; Monogr., vi, p. 373.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 116.— SOWB., C. Icon., xx, pi. 4, f. 27. Somewhat like U. perlata of eastern Cuba, but albocrenata differs by the strong striation and marbled coloration, and has a wholly different type of axial sculpture. It varies from a strictly cylindric shape to moderately swollen. 68. U. TRIPLICATA (Arango). Shell subrimate, cylindric-turreted, rather solid, remotely UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 199 thread-striate, straw colored. Spire long, a little more swol- len in the middle, the apex generally truncate, whorls 15-16; rather flattened, the last shortly free, not carinate. Aperture subcircular; peristome white, equally reflexed throughout. Suture deep, not crenulate. Internal column strong, pro- vided with three equal, parallel lamellae. (Arango.) Length 14, diam. 3 mm. (spire entire). Western Cuba : " La Jagua, ' ' near La Palma, dist. of Con- solacion del Norte, in Pinar del Rio, on the plantation of D. Rafael Azcui (Arango). Cyl. triplicates ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 105. "Differs from all Cuban Cylindrellas by the form of the internal column. In shape the shell is similar to C. lirata (Jim.) and C. mixta (Wr.)." It may be near U. albocrenata, but it is not variegated and the suture is simple. Section Callonia Crosse & Fischer, 1870. Callonia C. & F., Journal de Conchyliologie for 1870, p. 18. Type and sole species Cyl. elliotti Poey.— PILSBRY & VANATTA (in part), Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 271, 276. Urocoptis with three axial lamellce, the upper one largest in the median whorls, the lower lamella denticulate or spi- nose. Surface sculptured with large hollow ribs. Type U. elliotti, pi. 48, figs. 1, 2, 3. (Kallone, elegance.) MM. Fischer and Crosse considered the dentition to be quite divergent from that of other Urocoptis; but while somewhat specialized by reduction of the number of teeth, it is not more so than in many Cuban forms of Gongylostoma, and gives no ground for ranking Callonia higher than numerous other phyla in the genus. See pi. 60, fig. 9, U. dautzenbergiana. Callonia is like Liocallonia in the structure of the pillar, the attenuated early whorls and smooth apex, but it is aber- rant in the sculpture of hollow ribs, homoplastic with those of Idiostemma, Holospira minima, etc., and representing the acme of sculptural modification in this family. There are two species of Callonia: U. elliotti, in which the last whorl is adnate or very shortly free, and not descending, 200 URCCCPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. and with high, subtriangular ribs, and U. dautzenbergiana, with the last whorl free and descending, and having lower ribs. These two forms were noticed by Poey, who, however, did not consider them specifically distinct. In the "Mcmo- rias sobre la Historia Natural de la isla de Cuba, ' ' II, p. 93, he states that they occupy separate areas half a league apart, the one (elliotti) on the mountain called Guane, the other (var. b, now dautzenbergiana) on that called Paso-Real. They were finally separated by Crosse in 1890. 69. U. ELLIOTTI (Poey). PI. 48, figs. 1, 2, 3. Shell long-turrete, much attenuated above, rather rapidly increasing in size above the middle, the lower half (or more in truncate shells) much wider and somewhat cylindrical. Spire normally entire or nearly so. Surface golden brown, with a silken lustre, between elevated, triangular, white hol- low ribs, 8 in number on the penult, whorl ; these ribs reduced to low riblets on the attenuated upper portion of the spire. Whorls about 32, convex, the last rounded below, not descend- ing, very shortly free in front. Aperture obliquely oval or subcircular, the peristome thickened and reflexed. Axis en- circled with three lamellae, the upper one largest in the inter- mediate whorls, the lowest lamella smallest and set with small, delicate, wide-spaced spines. Length 24, diam. 3.5-3.8 mm. Length 25, diam. 4 mm. (Poey). Western Cuba: Sierra de Guane, Pinar del Rio (Elliott, Arango) , on walls exposed to the sun. Cyl. elliotti POEY, Memorias, ii, pp. 37, 93, pi. 5, f. 1, 2 (1857).— PPR., Malak. Bl., v, 1858, p. 7; Monogr., iv, p. 706; Novit. Conch., p. 458, pi. 100, f. 20-22 (exclusive of var.).— CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conch., 1870, pp. 9, 12, 25, pi. 3, f. 9-13 (teeth).— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 123.— SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 6, f. 47 a. — CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1890, p. 211, pi. 4, f. 5. Closely related to the next species. Named for the son of Bishop Stephan Elliott, who first found the species. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 201 '70. U. DAUTZENBERGIANA (Crosse). PI. 48, figs. 4, 5, 6. Shell similar to U. elliotti, from which it differs in the following characters : It is more lengthened, and tapers more gradually; there are more whorls, 33 or 34 (to about 40, according to Poey) ; the last third or half of the last one free and descending. The ribs are less elevated and less trian- .gular, and extend further up the spire. Length 27.5-31, diam. 3 mm. Western Cuba: Paso-Real de Guane (Elliott et al.). Cyl. elliotti var. b, POEY, Memorias, ii, p. 37, pi. 5, f . 3, 4. — PFE., Novit. Conch., pi. 100, f. 23, 24.— SOWEBBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 6, f. 47 b. — C. dautzenbergiana CROSSE, Journ. de Con- chyl., 1890, p. 212, pi. 4, f. 6.— PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 276, pi. 18, f. 18 (axis). Readily distinguished from U. elliotti by the more gradu- ally tapering spire and free, descending last whorl. In a large series of both species these differences are constant, and support Crosse 's opinion of the specific value of U. daut- zenbergiana. It is named for one of the present editors of the Journal de Conchyliologie. For the dentition see p. 110. Section Liocallonia Pilsbry, 1892. Callonia, somewhat smooth species, PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 276. Urocoptis with three axial lamellae, the upper one thin, decidedly the largest of the three in the median whorls; the lower one denticulate or spinose. Surface smoothish, striate or with thread-like rib-striae. Type U. vincta, The dentition of U. vincta (pi. 63, fig. 1) does not differ materially from that of U. elegans, etc. The lateral teeth •decrease in size very slowly, only the outermost two or three being noticeably shortened. The ectocones are large, and the teeth crowded. It is for the genus a normal and unspecial- ized radula. The shell is also relatively unspecialized, the sculpture being of primitive type, and the last whorl but shortly free. This series is akin to the group of U. angustior, being dif- ferentiated therefrom only by the invariable presence of three 202 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. axial lamellae, the upper one widest. It is also related to Calloma, from which the weak external sculpture alone sepa- rates it. The typical group of Gongylostoma (U. elegans, etc.) also is allied, but here the median lamella when present is short and low, and the upper one is thickened, and scarcely larger than the lower lamella. The species of Liocallonia are only feebly differentiated and very difficult to distinguish. Key to Species of Liocallonia. I. Shell sculptured with thread-like rib-strioe. 1. Length 16-18 mm., with 15 whorls in truncate, 20 in entire specimens; axial lamellae strong and subequal in penult, whorl. U. guirensis, no. 71. 2. Length 17, diam. 3 mm., whorls 13 ; obliquely costu- late-striate ; 3 lamellae in median, 2 in last whorl. U. stearnsi, no. 72. 3. Smaller, having spaced riblets like U. blainiana, but riblets the color of the shell; axis 3-lamellate, the upper lamella larger. U. palmce, no. 73. 4. Length 12-13 mm., with 12-13 whorls remaining in the truncate shell ; median lamella smaller in penult, whorl. U. infortunata, no. 74. II. Shell finely striate or nearly smooth. 1. Three subequal lamellae in the penult, whorl, viewed from behind, a. Entire with 17-19 whorls, or narrowly truncate with 13-15; length 12-14 mm.: brownish cor- neous. U. brunnescenSf no. 80. 1}. Truncate, with 15-17 whorls, length 14y2-16i/2 mm. ; pale corneous ; nearly smooth, but with strong striae below the sutures. U. clara, no. 81. c. Truncate, with 9i/2-ll whorls, length ll-12i/2 mm. ; very finely striate. U. propinqua, no. 82. 2. Median lamella reduced or obsolete in penult, whorl. a. Lower lamella enlarged and stout in the back of last whorl, and weakly emerging at the lip; shell rather widely truncate, with 12-14 whorls ; length lli/2-16 mm. U. vincta, no. 83. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 203 a1. Lower lamella slender in the last whorl. 6. Truncate, with 12 whorls, length 11-13 mm. U. oligomesus, no. 79. c. Entire or narrowly truncate ; whorls 16 in truncate, 19-23 in entire shells; length 13- 16 mm. U. saxosa, no. 77 ; U. patruelis, no. 78. d. Entire or narrowly truncate; whorls 18- 20 in entire shells ; length 11-13 mm. U. notata, no. 76. U. ccecilice, no. 75, described as similar to elegans but with four lamellae, may belong to this group, or to the typical group of Gongylostoma. 71. U. GUIRENSIS ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 48, figs. 9, 10, 16. Shell cylindrical, the upper third or fourth rather rapidly tapering to a narrow truncation; thin, corneous or whitish- corneous, lustreless, regularly sculptured with narrow white riblets, which are arcuate or nearly straight, but slightly oblique, and separated by intervals about three times the width of the riblets. Whorls slightly convex, the last rounded and very weakly, obtusely keeled below, shortly free in front. Aperture subcircular, the peristome narrowly reflexed. Axis with three lamellae, all continuing into the last whorl, sub- equal in the penult, whorl, but in the median whorls the upper one is much the largest, and the lower smallest (fig. 16). Length 16.5, diam. 2.6 mm.; whorls 15 (spire truncate). Length 17.5, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 20 (Pfr.; spire entire). Western Cuba : Sierra de Guira, dist. Santiago de los Banos, Pinar del Rio, on moss-covered stones in shady places (Gund- lach). CyL guirensis Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1863, p. 11, no. 60; Monogr., vi, p. 379. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 120. Well distinguished by the thread-like ribJets and the dis- parity in size of the lamellae in the median whorls, as shown in the upper part of fig. 16. 72. U. STEARNSI (Gundlach). Shell shortly rimate, cylindric-turrete, truncate, obliquely 204 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. costulate-striate, opaque, pale corneous. Spire a little taper- ing above, the 13 remaining whorls rather flattened, the last shortly free in front, more strongly costulate-striate, angular at the base. Aperture oblique, subcircular, the peristome white, equally expanded and a little reflexed throughout. Internal column with 3 lamellae in the median whorls, the upper one wider; in the last whorl there are 2 lamellae (Gundl. in Arango). Length 17, diam. 3 mm.; diam. apert. 2.5 mm. Western Cuba: Under stones at Sabana de Robles, near Madruga, prov. of Habana. Cyl. stearnsi ARANGO, Contrib., p. 114 (description quoted from Gundlach mss.). Probably belongs to Liocallonia, but the description of the axis also fits some of the U. elegans group. 73. U. PALM^E ('Gundl.' Arango). Differs from Cyl. blainiana by having the riblets the color of the shell, and the internal columella 3-lamellate, the upper lamella larger (while in blainiana it is nearly simple) (Arango) . Western Cuba: Between Palma and Caiguanabo, in Pinar del Rio (Wright). Cyl. palmce Gundl. mss., ARANGO, An. Real Acad. Cien, etc., de la Habana, xii, p. 285, no. 16 (1876) ; Contrib., p. 119. 74. U. INFORTUNATA (Arango). PL 48, figs. 11, 14, 15. Shell cylindrical, the upper third tapering to a rather wide truncation; thin, corneous, subtransparent. Surface glossy, sculptured with thread-like riblets, separated by intervals of double or three times their width, somewhat stronger on the neck. Whorls convex, the last rounded below, grooved below the axial chink, produced in a slightly descending neck in front. Aperture circular, oblique, the lip thin, narrowly reflexed. Axis with three lamellae, the upper one much the larger in the intermediate whorls, middle lamella smallest, lower lamella with distant delicate spines, which are wanting in the two lower whorls (fig. 14). UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 205 Length 12, diam. 3 mm.; whorls Length 13, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 12 (Arango). Western Cuba: La Chorrera, near Vinales, Pinar del Rio (Arango). Cyl. infortunata ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 106 (June 27, 1882) ; 1884, p. 212, fig. 4. Much more strongly sculptured than saxosa, vincta, brun- nescens and clara. The name alludes to the broken condition of the original specimen. Figured from a topotype received from Arango. 75. U. aEciLi^E ('Gundl.' Arango). Very closely related to Cyl. elegans, but strongly striate, the whorls less flat, suture deeper and generally the whorl is brownish below it. Internal column with four lamellae in the median whorls, the upper lamina dilated ; in the last whorl it has two lamellae (Arango). Western Cuba: On the plantation "Union" or "Dos Ce- cilias" near Coliseo, district of Guamacaro, prov. Habana. Cyl. cacilice Gundl. mss., ARANGO, Anales de la Real Acad. Cien. Med., Fis. y Nat. de la Habana, xii, p. 284 (1876) ; Contrib., p. 113. Known to me by the above description only. Not figured. 76. U. NOTATA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 51, figs. 15, 16, 17, 24, 25, 26, 27. Shell slender, turreted, nearly regularly tapering, or with the upper third more rapidly decreasing, thin, corneous, somewhat transparent; somewhat glossy, obliquely and very closely striate. Whorls 18-20, rather convex, the last pro- duced forward and somewhat descending, with no trace of a basal keel, the neck sharply but still closely and finely striate. The spire is entire or merely the tip may be broken, the nepi- onic shell consisting of about 2% rather globose whorls. Aperture oblique, subcircular, the peristome white, somewhat thickened and reflexed. Axis slender, with three delicate lamellae, the upper largest in the intermediate whorls, the lower smallest, armed with rather long, obliquely placed 206 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. spines. The upper and middle lamellae become obsolete in the penult, whorl (pi. 51, fig. 24). Length 13, diam. 2.3 mm. ; whorls 20. Length 12.7, diam. 2 mm. ; whorls 19. Length 11.2, diam. 2 mm. ; whorls 18. Western Cuba : Sierra de Guira, at San Diego de los Banos (Gundlach) ; Rangel and Mogotes de Galalon (Arango) ; San Andres (Chas. Wright), all in prov. Pinar del Rio. Cyl. notata Gundlach mss., PFRV Malak. BL, xi, 1863, p. 10 ; Monogr., vi, p. 372.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 116.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 228.— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, f. 102. There is sometimes a pale brown band at the periphery and following the suture, as noted in the original description; but this is wanting in most of the individuals I have seen. It is smaller than U. saxosa and brunnescens, with more whorls in the same length. The apex is either entire or nearly so, and the striation of the neck, while becoming thread-like, is not more spaced than on the spire. In some specimens the median lamella of the axis is want- ing, the lower one with very delicate, thread-like white spines (pi. 51, figs. 26, 27). I can see no other difference whatever between these and the typical form. Figs. 15, 16, 17, 24 are from S. Andres specimens ; figs. 26, 27 are from Rangel. 77. U. SAXOSA (Poey). PL 51, figs. 4-6, 20. Shell slightly rimate, frequently not rimate, cylindric- turrete, entire, very rarely truncate, obliquely striate, glossy, glassy and pale corneous. Spire attenuate above; suture simple; whorls 23 in an entire specimen (16 in a truncated shell), convex, the last free in front, closely costulate, com- pressed near the rima, elsewhere cylindrical. Apertur.e ob- lique, subcircular; peristome white, equally expanded and a little reflexed throughout. Length 16, diam. 2i/3 mm. (Poey). Western Cuba: Sierra del Rangel, on marble rocks (Poey, Arango) ; Sierra del Rosario at San Cristobal (Cisneros), and the coffee plantation of San Leon (Gundlach), all in Pinar del Rio. Cyl. saxosa POEY, Memorias, ii, pp. 31, 61, pi. 3, f. 10, 11 UROCOPTJS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 207 (1857).— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 115.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 228.— ? C. volubilis PFR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 24, pi. 3, f. 15-17. The specimens figured are from Rangel, the type locality. It is a corneous, subtranslucent shell, with the apex perfect or narrowly truncate. The upper third tapers rather rapidly, the rest of the shell being subcylindric ; last whorl more or less free and descending. There is no basal keel. The axis bears three lamellae, the upper one in the intermediate whorls is decidedly largest, the lower one smallest, and bearing slender, rather long widely spaced spines (short in some specimens). The size and number of whorls varies a good deal. Length 14.5, diam. 2.3 mm.; whorls 22% (spire complete). Length 13, diam. 2.3 mm.; whorls 19 (spire complete). Arango has called attention to the diverse sculpture of the axis in this species and C. volubilis Morel., a species with which Pfeiffer united saxosa. 78. U. PATRUELIS (Arango). Very like Cyl. saxosa Poey, but distinct by the very wide upper lamella of the trilamellate internal column, the lower lamella but little prominent ; by the wider shell, less produced last whorl, flatter and more widely spaced riblets (Arango). Western Cuba: Plantation San Felipe Benicio, near Can- delaria, Pinar del Rio (Arango). Cyl. patruelis AR., An. Real Acad. Cien., etc., de la Habana, xii, p. 283, no. 11 (1876) ; Contrib., p. 115. 79. U. OLIGOMESUS Pilsbry, n. sp. PL 48, fig. between 8 and 12, and fig. 13. Shell cylindric in the lower half, the upper half tapering to a moderately wide truncation; thin, corneous, subtrans- parent, often reddish-brown or dusky above from the con- tained soft parts. Surface glossy, finely and regularly striate, the striae low, but on the last half whorl becoming thread-like and sometimes more spaced. Whorls convex, the last free, produced in a short neck. Aperture circular, the lip equally expanded and reflexed throughout. Axis with three lamellae, the upper widest, median lamella very low, smallest, 208 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. the lower lamella rather distantly and subobsoletely den- ticulate (pi. 48, fig. 13). Length 13, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 12. Length 11, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 12. Cuba: Los Cayos de San Filipe, district of Vinales, prov. Pinar del Rio (Chas. Wright). Near U. saxosa, from which it differs chiefly by the much reduced median axial lamella. U. propinqua is somewhat more finely striate, and has the three lamellae well developed in the penult, whorl, while in U. oligomesus the upper two are weak there. Some shells before me from Vinales, in which the striation is nearly effaced except near the sutures, seem to be referable to this species. 80. U. BRUNNESCENS (' Gundl. ' Pfr.). PI. 51, figs. 1-3, 18. Shell cylindric below, the upper half or less tapering to a narrow truncation or an entire apex ; broivnish-corneous, thin, glossy, sculptured with fine ^and subobsolete but rather reg- ular striae, becoming stronger, thread-like on the last whorl; the intervals as wide as the striae. Whorls convex, the last rounded beneath, without a carina, shortly free and descend- ing in front. Aperture subcircular or obliquely rounded- oval; peristome white, narrowly reflexed. Axis with three lamellae, the upper one much the largest in the intermediate whorls, lower lamella smallest, distantly spinose. In the penult, whorl the three lamellae are subequal (fig. 18). Length 14.5, diam. 2.8 mm.; whorls 15 (truncate). Length 12, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 13 (truncate). Length 12.3, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 17y2 (apex entire). Length 13-14, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 15-19 (Pfr.). Western Cuba : Hato Caimito, near the Pan de Guajaybon, Pinar del Rio, on stones (Gundlach, Wright). Cyl. brunnescens Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, p. 8, no. 53; Monogr., vi, p. 37-6. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 118.— SOWB., C. Icon., xx, pi. 10, f. 92. The figures are from topotypes. It scarcely differs from U. saxosa externally, except by the brown tint ; but the three lamellae are stronger and subequal in the penult, whorl, as in U. propinqua. Urocoptidse, PLATE 34a. LJroeoptidj PLATE 35 58 Urocoptidse PLATE 36 75 Urocoptidse PLATE 37 88 90 Uroeoptidge, PLATE 38. 1 • — — I --} - 6 V 11 Urocoptidse, PLATE 39. 10 L'O 129 32 Urocoptidae PLATE 4O Urocoptidae, PLATE 41. Uroeoptidae, Urocoptidse PLATE 43 Urocoptidse, PLATE 44 Uroeoptidae, 53 Urocoptidse, PLATE 46. 74 Uroeoptidse, PLATE 47. Urocoptidae, PLATE 48. 12 13 UROCOPTID^: PLATE 49 Urocoptidse, PLATE SO 1.0 PLATE SI. Uroeoptidee, PLATE 52 40 Urocoptidse, PLATE S3 mi \^^f^\ \ • j Uroeoptidae, PLATE 64 Uroeoptidse, PLATE 38 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 209 81. U. CLARA (' Wright' Pfr.). PL 51, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14, 22. Shell cylindric, the upper third slowly tapering to a rather wide truncation, thin, pale corneous, translucent, the axis showing through; surface glossy, smooth, with short, rather coarse, low stria? ~below the sutures, the last whorl distinctly striate, its latter half having well spaced thread-like rib- striae, becoming more crowded near the lip. Whorls 15-17, moderately convex, the last becoming free and descending in front, rounded and without a carina below, the neck white above, and grooved below the umbilical chink. Aperture circular, the peristome narrowly reflexed. Axis with three lamellae, the upper quite wide, the lower very small and bearing very widely spaced, long, curved and very delicate white spines. Length 16.5, diam. 3.2 mm.; whorls 16^. Length 14.6, diam. 2.8 mm.; whorls 15. Length 15, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 16-17 (Pfr.). Western Cuba: Sugar plantation Quinones, near Bahia Honda, Pinar del Rio (Wright). Cyl. clara Wright mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xii, 1865, p. 119 ; Monogr., vi, p. 362; Novit. Conch., p. 436, pi. 97, f. 18-21.— ARANGO in Poey, Eepert, ii, p. 270; Contrib., p. 108. — SOWB., Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 9, f. 82. The short, subobsolete striae under the suture are charac- teristic. It is somewhat larger than U. brunnescens with more whorls and different sculpture, and the lamellae differ somewhat, especially in the last whorl. 82. U. PROPINQUA ('Gundl.' Arango). PL 51, figs. 19, 23. Shell subrimate, cylindric-turreted, rather solid, nearly smooth, whitish; spire generally truncate; suture subcrenu- late. Whorls remaining 11-12, nearly flat, the last not keeled at the base, striated anteriorly, shortly free. Aper- ture subcircular; peristome a little reflexed, the right mar- gin usually somewhat sinuate within by the descent of the internal fold. Internal column three-plicate, the upper fold widest (Arango). Dimensions not stated. 210 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Western Cuba : Vinales, Pinar del Rio, in the same locality with C. capillacea. Cyl. propinqua Gundl., ARANGO, Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 108 (June 27, 1882) . The original description is translated above. Associated with specimens of U. capillacea collected at Yinales by Chas. Wright, I found a number of tri-lamellate shells (pi. 51, figs. 19, 23) no doubt referable to U. propinqua. They are rather broadly truncate, corneous or slightly yellowish cor- neous, a little more finely striate than U. saxosa, but the striae are low and subobsolete, glossy, the stria closer on the neck than in U. saxosa and allied species. The axis has three strong lamellae, subequal in the penult, whorl, above which the upper lamella decidedly dominates, the other two being about equal, the lower one rather distantly spinose. In the tapering upper whorls the median lamella disappears, the other two being about equal, the lower one rather closely serrate. It resembles the pillar of U. brunnescens (pi. 51, fig. 18) so closely that I have thought it superfluous to figure both. Length 12.4, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 11, diani. 2.8 mm.; whorls 9%. The truncation is broader than in U. saxosa. 83. U. VINCTA (' Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 51, figs. 9, 10, 21, and fig. above f. 8. Shell cylindrical, the upper third tapering to a moderately wide truncation, thin, corneous, more or less translucent; glossy, nearly smooth, sculptured with low, often nearly obsolete, rather coarse, weak striae, becoming distinct and rather crowded on the last half whorl. Whorls moderately convex, the last rounded beneath, free in front, the neck grooved below the umbilical chink. Aperture subcircular, oblique, the peristome white, narrowly reflexed, the colu- mella provided with an emerging fold below. Axis with three lamella, the upper one wide in the intermediate whorls, the median lamella smallest, obsolete in the penult, whorl, UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. the lower lamella small, more or less crenulate, becoming very strong in the last whorl, and weakly continued below to the lip. Length 15, diam. 2.8 mm. ; whorls 14. Length 12.5, diain. 3.2 mm.; whorls 12. Length Iiy2-16, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 12-13 (P/r.). Western Cuba: Hato Sagua, at the foot of the Pan de Guajaybon, Pinar del Rio, on rocks in shady forests (Gund- lach) . Cyl. vincta Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, p. 7, no. 52; Novit. Conch., p. 434, pi. 97, f. 8-11; Monogr., vi, p. 361. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 105. Near U. saxosa (Poey), but the lower lamella continues to the lip, producing a notch at the base of the columella. Figured from topotypes. Section Gongylostoma Albers, 1850. Gongylostoma ALB., Die Heliceen, p. 208, for C. sowerby- ana, humboldtiana, rosea} variegata, elegans, crispula, sagraiana and philippiana of Pfr., and porrecta Gld. — MARTENS, Die Hel., 1860, p. 38, C. elegans selected as type.— PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 269, 271, 276. Urocoptis with one or two spiral lamellae, the lower one denticulate, at least in the upper whorls; sometimes a short smaller lamella between the two. Shell unicolored, corneous or brownish, or with paler riblets on a corneous ground. Type U. elegans (Pfr.). The dentition (pi. 60, fig. 8, U. elegans auberiana) is sim- ilar to that of most other West Cuban Cylindrellas, the central teeth being wide, the laterals having large ectocones. They decrease in size rather rapidly, nearly half the teeth of each row being shortened and oblique; and they are less crowded than in Liocallonia. Callonia has similar teeth, but the number is reduced, and the cusps are narrower. Whether these small differences between the teeth of the sections of Gongylostoma will prove constant when more species are examined remains to be seen. 212 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. This is the most difficult group of Cuban Urocoptis, not only because many of the species are very similar, but on account of the numerous unfigured and not fully described forms introduced by Arango. The key given below is to be regarded as a first attempt. There is a regular and uninterrupted gradation in axial structure from the two strong lamellae of the group of U. elegans and U. crispula, to the single weak spiral thread of the group of U. capillacea. In the group of U. elegans there is often a short third lamella interposed between the other two. The upper lamella is noticeably thicker than the lower one. In some of the other groups the upper lamella also is thin. Key to Species of Gongylostoma s. str. I. Shell ribbed; uniform or with light ribs on a darker ground; two axial lamellae (group of V. crispula). 1. Sinistral. U. coronadoi, nc 88. 2. Dextral. a. Two axial lamellae subequal, both stout. U. crispula, no. 87. &. Upper lamella decidedly thicker than lower. Z7. artemisice, no. 84. c. Lamellae subequal, both thin. U. gutierrezi, no. 85 ; U. lirata, no. 86. 3. Dextral, small with only one well-developed axial lamella. a. Rapidly tapering above ; 12 to 15 x 3 mm., with 12-15 whorls. U. fusiformis, no. 104. Z>. Length 10 to 12, diam. about 3 mm., with 8% to 9 whorls. U. garciana, no. 108. II. Shell striate, the axis with two or three strong lamellae. 1. Striae coarse but low, sometimes effaced on the convexity of each whorl. a. Small, about 11 x 3 mm., with 9%-ll whorls ; upper lamella obsolete above the last 4 whorls. U. distincta, no. 98. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 213 b. 10 x 2.75 mm., with 10 whorls. U. difficultosa, no. 96. c. Larger, 13-21x3.5-4.5 mm., whorls 9-12. U. I. trinidadensis, no. 97. d. Larger, 17.5 x 4 mm., whorls 13 ; whitish, base carinate. U. prima, no. 92. 2. StriaB rather fine, subobsolete on the convexity of each whorl; axis slender, the upper lamella small, not extending into the last two whorls. U. cristallina,, no. 100. 3. Densely striate, 16 x 4 mm., with 13 whorls ; upper lamella stro'nger. U. confusa, no. 93. 4. Very densely, sharply and finely striate, 13 x 3.2 mm. with 12, to 16.5 x 3.4 mm. with 14% whorls ; axis stout, with two strong lamellae. U. fortis, no. 95. 5. Very finely, subeffaced striate, glossy, the whorls nearly flat; 12-15.5 mm. long, 2.7-3 diam., whorls 10-13: upper axial lam. stout, rounded, the lower compressed, less wide. U. planospira, no. 94. 6. Smooth, the last whorl striate; suture crenulate; 21 x 4 mm., 12 whorls ; interior unknown. U. lavalleana, no. 97. 7. Finely striate, the lower axial lamella slightly more widely projecting than the upper. U. hilleiana, no. 91 ; U. e. subelegans, no. 90 b. 8. Finely striate, the upper axial lamella slightly predominating over the lower, a median one often developed. a. Cylindric, with 10%-16 whorls. U. elegans, no. 90 ; U. arangiana, no. 89. &. Fusiform, 10-12 whorls. U. e. auberiana, no. 90 a. III. Small, striate or with spaced riblets, two weak lamellae encircling the axis (group of U. angustlor}. 1. Shell truncate when mature. a. Sculptured with strong, narrow riblets; 12% x 3 mm., whorls 12. U. fusiformis, no. 104. 214 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. &. Finely striate; whorls 14-15, 11-12x2.5 nun. U. fraterna, no. 101. c. Striate; whorls 10-11. aa. Striation coarse and low or subobso- lete; upper lamella obsolete in upper half of shell; 10-12x3-3.3 mm. U. distincta, no. 98. 6&. Opaque, carinate below; 10x2.75 mm. U. consanguinea, no. 99. cc. Smooth on convexity of whorls, else- where regularly striate; 10-12x2.3-2.7 mm. U. cristallina, no. 100. dd. Densely hair-striate ; 15 x 3.3 mm. ; like U. fortis in shape and sculpture. U. fumosa, no. 102. 2. Spire entire, not truncate. a. Ribbed ; 15.5 x 3 mm. ; whorls 14%. U. fusiformis, no. 104. &. With wide-spaced, thread-like striae, stronger near the sutures ; 13-16 x 2.6 to 3 mm. ; whorls 15 to 17. U. integra, no. 105, c. Finely striate ; neck descending ; 13 to 17 x2.5 mm., whorls 17-19. U. angustior, no. 103. d. Closely, obsoletely striate, whitish ; 16 x 2.25 mm., whorls 17. U. imparata, no. 106. IV. Small, slender species, with a single spiral axial thread or lamella (group of U. capillacea). 1. Sculpture of wide-spaced thread-like riblets. U. remota, no. 109 ; U. garciana, no. 108 ; U. fusiformis, no. 104; U. crassilabris, no. 114. 2. Closely striate or nearly smooth. a. Apex entire; very closely and very finely striate; 10 to 12x2.5 mm., whorls 13-14. U. capillacea, no. 112. b. Truncate; like U. elegans, but axis encircled by a thick thread. U. moralesi, no. 110. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 215 c. Truncate; delicately, closely striate, glossy; 12x3 mm., whorls 10-11. U. machoi, no. 107. d. Truncate; weakly striate or nearly smooth, whitish hyaline; 12x2.6 mm., whorls 11. U. concreta, no. 111. e. Slightly truncate, cylindric-subulate, smooth, pellucid whitish ; 15 x 3 mm., whorls 19. U. volubilis, no. 113. (Group of U. crispula.) 84. U. ARTEMISIA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PI. 54, figs. 67, 68, 69, 70. Shell rimate, fusiform-turreted, rather solid, obliquely somewhat closely rib-striate, hardly shining, flesh-colored; spire a little swollen in the middle, noticeably tapering above, truncate. Whorls remaining 11, a little convex, the last cylindrical, shortly free in front and somewhat descend- ing, slightly dilated and more closely costulate. Aperture nearly diagonal, subcircular; peristome equally, narrowly expanded. Internal column encircled by two strong, sub- equal laminae. Length 12-121/2, diam 3j^ mm.; apert. diam. 1/3 mm. (Pfr.). Western Cuba: Town of Artemisa (Gundlach) ; Marianao (Arango, Rhoads), both westward from Havana. Cyl. artemisia Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, p. 6; Monogr., vi, p. 380. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 121. — C. artemesicu SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 12, f. 106. The shape, somewhat swollen in the middle, is character- istic. The color of Artemisa specimens is pale brownish flesh color, the riblets lighter, but owing to the adhesion of a coat of soil, museum specimens commonly are brick- red, like Sowerby's figure, which I have copied (pi. 54, fig. 69) . These shells retain 9^ to 13y2 whorls, but in the latter case several upper ones have been abandoned, 10 to 11 being the ordinary number. The riblets are well raised, thread-like and oblique, only slightly arcuate, and separated by spaces of about three times their width. There are about 216 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. four riblets in the space of a millimeter. On the back of the neck they become more crowded, and of course still more so on its front. The axis is rather wide below, and in the penult, and three preceding whorls it bears two equally prominent lamellae, both rather stout, with the edge rounded, but the upper cord is the heavier. In still earlier whorls the upper cord disappears abruptly, and the lower is nar- rower and minutely denticulate at the edge. Length 14, diam. 3.4 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 11.5, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls 9^. The specimens from Marianao (pi. 54, fig. 70) are larger than the above, longer, often more strictly cylindric. They are like those from the type locality internally, except that the upper lamella persists somewhat further upward. Length 17, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls 12 Length 14, diam. 3.4 mm.; whorls Length 12.5, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls They occur there with U. (Cochlodinella) poeyana var. variegata, a more finely striate species but of about the same size. 85. U. GUTIERREZI ( Arango) . PI. 54, figs. 72, 72, 73. "Very closely related to artemisia, but the shape is more cylindrical, and the internal column is bilamellate (as in artemisia), but the laminae are compressed and weak (in artemisice they are strong). " (Arango.) Western Cuba: Isabel Maria, in Pinar del Bio (Wright). Cyl. gutierrezi AR., Anales de la Real Academia de Cien- cias medicas, fisicas y naturales de la Habana, xii, p. 283, no. 9 (Feb. 15, 1876) ; Contrib., p. 121. This speci'es has a cylindrical, truncate shell, the upper third or more frequently the fourth slowing tapering. It is flesh colored and sculptured with whitish thread-like rib- lets separated by intervals fully three times their width; on the very short neck they are generally not more crowded. The aperture is but slightly oblique, brown inside, nearly circular, but the columellar margin is perceptibly less arcu- UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 217 ate than the outer lip. The white peristome is reflexed. The axis bears two slender, compresssed, subequal lamellae. It is like the Marianao form of Z7. artemisice in shape, color and sculpture, but differs in the slender axial lamellae, while in artemisice the upper one is stout and cord-like. U. gutier- rezi, named for the founder of the Royal Academy of Med- ical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Havana, was discov- ered by Charles Wright, and distributed by him as Cyl. no. 370. Length 14.3, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 11%. Length 11.3, diam. 2.9 mm. ; whorls 10. 86. U. LIRATA (' Jimeno' Pfr.). Shell fusiform-cylindric, rather solid, sculptured with nearly straight, close, cord-like ribs, rufous-corneous. Spire somewhat swollen, rather widely truncate; suture crenulated by the projection of the ends of the riblets. Whorls remain- ing 10, a trifle convex, the last tapering, horizontally pro- duced, more closely costulate anteriorly. Aperture oblique, depressed-circular; peristome white, subequally expanded throughout. Internal column with two compressed, obliquely revolving lamellae, the upper one stronger. Length 13, diam. 41/} mm., aperture nearly 3 mm. high, a little wider (Pfr.). Western Cuba: Near the city of Matanzas (Don Francisco Jimeno) . Cyl. lirata Jimeno mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, p. 12 ; Monogr., vi, p. 378. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 119. Unknown to me. Pfeiffer states that it stands nearest to U. trispula, which also has two parallel lamellae upon the internal column; but in crispula they are equal, less acute, and more obliquely ascending. Moreover, lirata is more swollen, with straighter ribs; the neck longer and projects horizontally forward. Arango queries the locality Matan- zas, but from the characters of the shell, it would be expected to occur in that part of Cuba. 87. U. CRISPULA (Pfeiffer). PL 54, fig. 77. "Shell truncate, subcylindric, more swollen above the mid- 218 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. die, thin, pale corneous, crisp at e-ribbed with, waved folds. Whorls 12-13, convex, the .last tapering, free, a little pro- duced. Aperture orbicular; peristome expanded and a little reflexed throughout. Length 15, diam. 4, diam. of aperture 3 mm." (Pfr.). Western Cuba: A wood on a coffee plantation between Buena Vista and El Fundator, near the latter place, on the river Canimar, prov. Matanzas (Pfr.). Clausilia crispula PFR., Wiegm. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 1839, i, p. 353.— Cyl. crispula PFR., I. c. 1840, i, p, 42 ; Phil.y Abbild., i. p. 181, pi. 1, f. 13; Monogr., ii, p. 377; Conchyl. Cab., p. 27, pi. 4, f. 1-3. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 119.— SOWERBY, C. Icon., pi. 5, f. 39. — Pupa crispula GLD., Journ, Boston Soc. N. II., iv, p. 492. This shell is nearly white, and usually a trifle wider above the middle than below. The slightly crimped riblets, though narrow and compressed, hardly more than a fourth the width of the intervals, are generally at least in part hollow, a few broken down on the spire usually showing this structure. The neck is short, and the internal column like that figured for U. artemisice. Pfeiffer's type was an unusually large example, most specimens measuring less, length 13, diam. 3.2 mm.; whorls 11. 88. U. CORONADOI ('Arango' Pfr.). PL 54, fig. 71. Shell sinistral, subcylindric or moderately swollen in the middle; lustreless, corneous or flesh-tinted, sculptured with narrow, oblique hardly arcuate riblets, separated by wjide intervals; whorls convex, the last shortly free. Aperture circular, somewhat oblique, the peristome whitish, slightly expanded. Internal column encircled by two lamellae, the lower compressed, minutely denticulate in the earlier whorls, the upper lamella low and rounded, cord-like. Length 12, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls 10. Length 11.5, diam. 2.8 mm. ; whorls 10. Length 13.5, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 10-11 (Pfr., types). Western Cuba: Puentes Grandes, type locality; Chorrera (Arango) ; Carmelo (S. N. Rhoads), all near Havana. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 219 Cyl. coronadoi Arango, PFR., Malak. BL, xi, p. 13 ; Monogr., vi, p. 378 ; Novit. Conch., p. 251, pi. 63, f . 26-29.— SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 12, f. 108. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 119.—? C. corona SCHAUF., Paetel, Cat., p. 68. Near U. crispula, but constantly sinistral, with the peri- stome narrower, but slightly expanded, and the upper axial lamella is smaller, reduced to a rounded cord, more obliquely coiled than the lower lamella. The young shell is attenuated near the apex, then increases more rapidly. The first two whorls are smooth, and apparently about 9 are rejected in the adult state. Named for Don Francisco Javier Coronado, a conchologist and physician of Havana. (Group of U. elegans.) 89. U. ARANGIANA ('Gundl.' Arango). Like Cyl. elegans, but differing in the greater number of whorls in specimens of equal length ; in the more cylindric shape of the shell, the whorls less convex. Fourteen whorls remain. It especially differs from elegans in that the inter- nal column has two stronger, thicker, subequal lamellae in all the whorls, the upper one a little wider (Gundlach). "Western Cuba: Canasi, near Matanzas (Arango). Cyl. arangiana Gundl. mss.,. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 113 (1878). Known to me by the original description, trans- lated above. It must be very similar to the typical U. elegans. 90. U. ELEGANS (Pfeiffer). PL 53, figs. 41-45, 66. "Shell decollate, cylindric, the truncate apex slightly attenuate; glossy, hyaline, reddish or brown near the apex; very obliquely and closely, elegantly striate. Whorls 16, convex, subequal, the last narrowed, protracted, subcylin- drical. Aperture circular, the peristome simple, expanded throughout. Length 19, diam. 4 mm. ; apert. with perist. 3}4 mm. diam." (P/V.). Western Cuba: Very abundant around Matanzas, espe- cially on the banks of the Canimar river, at El Fundator (P/V.). Ferinicea (Wright). Clausilia elegans PFRV Archiv f. Naturg., 1839, i, p. 353. — 220 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Cylindrella elegans PFR., 1. c., 1840, i, p. 42; Phil., Abbild., i, p. 180, pi. 1, f. 12; Monogr., ii, p. 374; iii, 572; iv, 701; vi, 371; viii, 434; Conchyl. Cab., p. 23, pi. 3, f. 3-5 (typical; 6-11 var.).— DESH., in Fer., Hist, p. 228, pi. 164, f. 26-28.— A. SCHMIDT, Der Geschlechtsapparat der Stylommatophoren in taxonomischer Hinsicht, Abh. Nat. Ver. Sachsen u. Thur. in Halle, p. 50, pi. 14, f. 110 ( genitalia) .— W. G. BINNEY, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1875, p. 251, pi. 20, f. 6, and Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., iii, p. 126, pi. 14, f. B (dentition).— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 113. — Pupa elegans Pfr., GLDV Bost. Journ. N. H., iv, p. 490. — Pupa (Siphonostoma) lituus GLD., Bost. Journ., iv, pt. 1, on cover. — Cyl. nobilis STENTZ mss., teste Villa.— Pupa obtorta MKE., in litt., teste Pfr. — Balea truncatula VILLA Disposit. Syst, p. 25, teste Pfr.; no descr. (1841). The typical form of U. elegans (pi. 53, figs. 41-45, 66) is a long, pillar-shaped, whitish-corneous shell, with the strongly tapering upper third or fourth of the length of a brown or reddish tint, or sometimes pale yellowish. It is often a little wider at the upper third, or the lower two-thirds may be cylindrical. The truncation is narrow. The whorls are dis- tinctly convex, numerous, 13 to 17 in normal truncate speci- mens, and 22 to 24 in those retaining the apex in maturity, according to Pfeiffer, who found several. The last whorl becomes free, tangential and slightly descending, and is usu- ally a little flattened at the top of the neck. The stride are arcuate and regular, slightly narrower and sharper on the neck. The longest axis of the aperture is obliquely trans- verse ; it is slightly ovate, the columellar side being less arcu- ate and wider. The axis bears two spiral lamellae, both becoming obsolete in the last whorl, about equal in the pre- ceding two whorls, while in several still earlier whorls the upper lamella predominates, and there may be a weak median cord developed. The lower lamella is finely more or less denticulate, and in one or two median whorls it usually is shallowly grooved along the summit, with a narrow denticu- late thread in the furrow. Length 19.5, diam. 3.6 mm.; whorls 17% (but plug at whorls) . UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 221 Length 18, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 13%. Length 18, diam. 3.5 mm.; whorls 14%. J Length 16, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 12%. v Ferinicea. Length 12.5, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls 10%. j Figs. 41, 42 represent typical specimens received from Poey many years ago, probably from the original locality. Figs. 43, 44, 45 are copies of Pfeiffer's original figures. Fig. 66 is the pillar of a specimen of the same form from Feri- nicea. The chief variation, aside from the usual mutability in size noted in the measurements given above, is in the internal pillar, which occasionally has a minor median cord, such as I have drawn in fig. 64 of pi. 53, or even approaching the structure shown in fig. 52. There is also a form with a narrow brown band bordering the suture below (fig. 46). In this form the upper lamella is the larger in the median whorls, and there is a low intermediate cord, as in some speci- mens of typical elegans. It was found by Gundlach on the plantation "Union," where also the brown-sutured U. cae- cilicc occurred. (Cf. Pfr., Conchyl. Cab., p. 24, var. no. 4.) 90 a. Var. auberiana (Orbigny). PL 53, figs. 56, 57, 51, 52, 53. Somewhat broader, and usually more swollen in the middle, shells of the same length being more or less fusiform, wider than in U. elegans, and with fewer whorls; corneous or brownish-corneous. Neck usually a little shorter. Axis with the upper lamella perceptibly larger than the lower, and usually a smaller lamella revolves between them. Length 18, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 12. Length 15.5, diam. 4 mm. ; .whorls 10. Length 13, diam. 3.6 mm. ; whorls 10. Length 13, diam. 3.5 mm.; whorls 10 ( Orbigny 's type). Pupa auberiana ORB., in de la Sagra's Hist. Cuba, Moll., i, p. 184, pi. 12, f. 21-23.— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 376.— Cyl. elegans SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 4, f. 30. Orbigny 's specimens of auberiana were supplied by Poey, and some received from the same naturalist under that name are in the collection of the Academy. 222 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 90 b. Var. subelegans Pilsbry, n. v. PI. 53, figs. 47, 48, 49, 50. Shell deeply riinate, subcylindric, a little swollen in the middle, tapering above; pale corneous, very glossy, very finely arcuate-striate, the striae lower and finer than in U. elegans or auberiana. Whorls rather convex, the last shortly free, very densely and more sharply striate on the neck. Aperture nearly round, the lip white, expanded, not reflexed as in U. elegans. Axis with two lamellae, the lower one widest. Length 20, diam. 4.4 mm.; whorls 12%. Length 16.5, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 10. Length 12.5, diam. 3.3 mm. ; whorls 10%. Western Cuba: Artemisa, Pinar del Rio (Chas. Wright) ; La Salud (R. Arango). Urocoptis elegans variety, PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 276, pi. 18, f. 17. Similar to auberiana, but more finely striate, and with the lower axial lamella larger instead of the upper, although in many specimens the disparity is less marked than in that figured. The lip is far narrower than in U. elegans. Cf. U. hilleiana. 91. U. HILLEIANA ('Gundl.' Arango). Shell cylindric-turrete, truncate, rather solid, obliquely, very finely striate, opaque, brownish-ashen. Whorls 13-14 remaining, convex, somewhat contabulate, the last free. Peristome expanded a little, whitish. Suture deep, simple. Aperture subcircular. Length 14, diam. 3% mm. Internal column encircled by two thick lamellae, the anterior one wider. (Arango). Western Cuba: Madruga, province of Habana (Gundlach). Cyl. hilleiana Gundl. mss., ARANGO, An. Real Acad. Cien., etc., de Habana, xii, p. 282, no. 8 (1876). Dedicated to Dr. Luis Hille, of Marburg, Germany. 92. U. PRIMA (Arango). Shell rimate, cylindric-turrete, rather solid, somewhat closely, obsoletely ribbed, whitish; spire noticeably tapering UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 223 above the middle, truncated in the single specimen known; suture crenulate; remaining whorls 13, rather flattened, the last carinate at the base, shortly free in front. Aperture oblique, subcircular; peristome shortly expanded, subsinuate anteriorly at the keel. Internal column ornamented with two descending folds. Length 17.5, diam 4 mm. (Arango). Cuba. Cyl. prima ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 107 (June 27, 1882). 93. U. CONFUSA (Arango). Shell rimate, cylindric turrete, solid, closely striate, whit- ish; spire noticeably tapering above the middle, shortly trun- cate; suture not crenulate; whorls remaining 13, rather flat, the last carinate at the base, shortly free in front. Aperture subcircular, the peristome narrowly expanded. Internal col- umn provided with two strong, slowly descending lamellae, the upper one stronger. Length 16, diam 4 mm. (Arango). Cuba. Cyl. confusa ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila, 1882, p. 107. 94. U. PLANOSPIRA (Pfeiffer). PL 53, figs. 61, 62, 60. Shell cylindric, slowly tapering to a wide truncation above, thin, pale corneous; surface glossy, very densely and finely sculptured with close, nearly straight, low striae, becoming rather coarse and sharp on the last half whorl. Whorls but slightly convex, almost flat, the last free in front, the neck a little contracted and rounded. Aperture rounded, the lip expanded, reflexed and thickened. Axis bilamellate, the upper lamella stout and rounded, more prominent than the lower, which is compressed and slightly serrate. Length 15, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 12. Length 12.3, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 10. Length 15.5, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 13 (Pfr., type). Western Cuba: Managua, 15 miles S. by E. of Havana (Poey). Cyl. planospira PFR., Malak. BL, ii, 1855, p. 99, pi. 5, f . 4, 5 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 24, pi. 3, f . 12-14 ; Monogr., iv, 701 ; vi, 371 ; 224 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Malak. BL, xi, p. 9. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 114. — SOWB., C. Icon., xx, pi. 16, f. 137. — Cyl. subita POEY, Memorias, ii, pp. 32, 61, pi. 3, f. 12, 13.— PFR., Malak. BL, iii, p. 222; Monogr., iv, p. 692. — Cyl. concinna Arango, according to Pfr. Well distinguished by its almost flat whorls, glossy surface, with very fine, almost effaced striation, but becoming sharply costulate on the neck. Arango gives the locality Sitio Per- dido, in Jaruco, where Clerch collected it, and Bejucal; but the specimens he sent as planospira from the latter place are a form of U. elegans. In Malak. BL, xi, Pfeiffer states that Arango collected planospira at the mountain Cuzco, near Cayajabos ; but in the Contribution no mention is made of this locality for the species. Fig. 60 is from that of Pfeiffer. 95. U. FORTIS ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 53, figs. 54, 55, 59. Shell cylindric, the upper third or fourth tapering to the wide truncation; pale corneous, somewhat glossy when clean, but normally dull and soiled ; the surface very closely, sharply striated, the stria: thread-like, becoming a trifle more spaced on the neck. Whorls narrow, slightly convex, the last shortly free, rounded. Aperture rounded, oblique, the peristome expanded and a little reflexed. Axis very stout, fusiform, with two strong spiral lamellae, the upper one heavier and somewhat larger in the intermediate whorls, the lower lamella delicately spinose in the upper whorls. Length 16.5, diam. 3.4 mm. ; wThorls 14%. Length 14.8, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls 11%. Length 13, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls 12. Length 16, diam. 3.66 mm.; whorls 13-14% (Pfr., type). Western Cuba: Ceiba Mocha, near Matauzas (Gundlach, Arango, Wright) . Cyl. fortis Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, p. 5; Monogr., vi, p. 375. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 117. Distinct by its very fine, dense, sharp striation, short whorls, and the stoutness of the strongly bilamellate^ internal axis. The external sculpture reminds one of the Jamaican U. hydrophana. The rosy tint noticed by Pfeiffer is due to adhering soil. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 225 96. U. DIFFICULTOSA (Arango). Shell rimate, cylindric-turrete, rather solid, glossy, obso- letely eostulate, pale straw-colored; spire shortly truncate, the suture not crenulate. Whorls remaining 10, rather flat, the last subcarinate at the base, not protracted. Aperture oval, the peristome shortly expanded, the left margin less so. Internal column ornamented with two strong folds. Length 11, diam. 2.75 mm. (Arango). Cuba. Cyl. difficultosa ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 107. — Cyl. difficilis CROSSE, Journal de Conchy!., 1890, p. 218 (emendation of difficult osa) . Differs from C. concreta by the riblets, non-solute last whorl, and form of the internal column (Arango). 97. U. LAVALLEANA (Orbigny). PI. 54, figs. 85, 86. Shell much lengthened, subcylindric, thin, fragile, trans- parent, very smooth. Spire very much lengthened, cylindric anteriorly, attenuate behind, and truncate at the summit, which is acute in the young; 'composed of 12 quite narrow, convex whorls; the last whorl produced laterally near the mouth, longitudinally striate, carinate beneath. Whorls separated by a rather deep suture, which is regularly crenu- late. Aperture free, lateral, oval, oblique, with thin, slightly reflexed, continuous peristome. Color uniform light brown. Length 21, diam. 4 mm. (Or&.). Western Cuba: Cerro de Cuzco (MM. Auber and Delatre). Central Cuba: Sitio Quemado and Guinia de Miranda, dis- trict of Trinidad, prov. Santa Clara (Gundlach). Pupa lavalleana ORB., in Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Moll., i, p. 183, pi. 12, f. 18-20. — Cyl. lavalleana Orb., PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 372; iv, 693; vi, 362; Conchyl. Cab., p. 17, pi. 9, f. 18-25.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 106. — fCyl. lavalliana SOWB., C. Icon., pi. 7, f. 56. The original description is given, and the original figures are copied, pi. 54, figs. 85, 86. The locality given by Orbigny, ''Cerro de Cuzco," is apparently the mountain of that name near Cayajabos, in Pinar del Rio. The internal structure of this form is unknown. 226 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Var. trinidadensis Pils., n. v. PI. 54, figs. 83, 84, 87. The specimens before me from the interior of Trinidad, central Cuba, where Gundlach collected, are what Poey, Arango and Pfeiffer (Malak. Bl., iv, p. 110) have identified as lavalleana, but they seem to differ from the original de- scription in sculpture, being either rather coarsely rib-striate throughout, or with the striae partially effaced on the con- vexity of each whorl, instead of being "very smooth," as Orbigny states. The axis (pi. 54, fig. 87) is slender, encir- cled by two lamella?, the upper one cord-like, rather heavy, the lower lamella thinner, broader, finely serrate at the edge, persisting in the penult, whorl, where the upper lamella is obsolete. The shell is drawn out in a very long, slender point in the young, according to Pfeiffer. The size varies within wide limits. Length 21, diam. 4.5 mm. ; whorls 12. Length 17, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 13, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls 9. Pfeiffer seems to have examined the type of lavalleana in the British Museum. This variety is one of the easternmost species of its kind; but central Cuba has apparently been very imperfectly explored for land shells. Group of U. angustior. Shell small. Axial lamellae two, decidedly weaker than iui the preceding group. Sometimes a short, low third cord is interpolated. 98. U. DISTINCTA ('Gundl.' Arango). PI. 53, figs. 58, 63, 65; pi. 55, figs. 2, 9, 10, 11. Shell pale brownish-corneous, slightly swollen in the mid- dle, coarsely striate, but the striae are low and rounded, stronger on the early whorls, and on the base and neck of the last whorl they become elevated and thread-like. Some- times the stria? are subobsolete on the cylindrical portion of the shell, except near the sutures. The internal pillar has two spiral lamellae in the penultimate and preceding two whorls, the lower lamella moderately strong, with rounded UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 227 edge, the upper lamella lower, but slightly stouter, cord-like. The upper lamella diminishes upwards, hardly appearing in the upper half of the shell, where the axis is straight, encircled by a single compressed, denticulate lamella. Length ]2.6, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls 10%. Length 12, diam. 2.9 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 10.8, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 9%. Western Cuba: Punta de la Jaula (type locality) and Sitio Nuevo, Guane (Wright). Cylindrella concreta Gundl., PFR., Novit. Conch., pi. 97, f . 12-15, but not the description. — Cyl. distincta Gundl. mss., ARANGO, An. Real Acad. Cien., etc., de la Habana, xii, p. 284, no. 13 (1876). Formerly confused with U. concreta, which is almost ex- actly similar in external characters. Pfeiffer figured a speci- men of distincta for concreta in the Novitates Conchologicae. Probably Sowerby's figure of concreta is referable rather to the present species. 99. U. CONSANGUINEA (Arango). Differs from the preceding [difficultosa] by the opaque shell, last whorl carinate at the base, and internal column provided with two weaker descending laminae. The number of whorls and length of the shell are as in the preceding species (Arango}. Cuba. Cyl. consanguinea ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 107. 100. U. CRISTALLINA ('Wright,' Pfr.). PL 54, figs. 80, 81, 82. Shell subrimate, cylindric below, the upper half or third tapering to a rather wide truncation; thin; transparent whitish. Surface very glossy, smooth or narly so on the median convexity of each of the whorls of the cylindrical portion of the shell, elsewhere regularly striate, the sutures finely crenulated by the striae; base and neck of the last whorl striate. Whorls convex, the last shortly free in front. Aperture round-oval, oblique, the peristome very narrowly 228 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. reflexed. Axis slender, encircled by a low spiral lamella, which in the upper whorls is distantly denticulate, and a smaller lamella above it, extending downward only into the third whorl from the base. The two lamellae are of about equal size in the whorls of the upper half of the shell. Length 10.3, diam. 2.3 mm. ; whorls 10 to 11. Length 12, diam. 2.75 mm.; whorls 11 (Pfr., type). Western Cuba: La Palma, Pinar del Rio (Wright). Cyl. cristallina Wright mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xii, 1865, p. 120; Monogr., vi, p. 363; Novit. Conch., p. 437, pi. 97, f. 22-25.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 108.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 219. Not unlike V. distincta, but the axis is weaker, the lower lamella small, and the upper lamella is obsolete in the lower whorls, nowhere conspicuous, so that Pfeiffer describes the column as ' * subsimplex, vix torta;" and indeed it escaped notice by Mr. Vanatta and myself in our paper of 1898 (p. 277). Figures 81, 82 are from specimens received from Wright, fig. 80 from Pfeiffer. 101. U. FRATERNA n. sp. PI. 55, figs. 1, 6. Like U. capillacea in shape and color, but more ^coarsely striate, and the axis bears two spiral lamellae. Whorls 14^ to 15, the spire complete. Length 12, diam. 2.5 mm. Length 11, diam. 2.3 mm. Western Cuba: Isabel Maria, in dist. of Pinar del Rio, prov. P. del R. (Chas. Wright, no. 382). A very closely related form, probably identical, occurs at los Cayos de San Filipe, in the district of Vinales, prov. Pinar del Rio, where Wright collected specimens before me. 102. U. FUMOSA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). Shell subrimate, cylindric-turrete, rather solid, very densely, obliquely hair-striate, silky, corneous-brown; spire lengthened, a little swollen in the middle, the apex truncate. Whorls remaining 11, a little convex, the last free, subsulcate on the left side. Aperture a little oblique, circular; peri- UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 229 stome white, equally reflexed all around. Internal column encircled by two thread-like, but slightly projecting folds. Length 15, diam. 3.33 mm.; aperture diam. 2.5 mm. (Pfr.). Western Cuba: Plantation Caunabaco, at the foot of El Palenque, a hill in the western part of prov. Matanzas, under stones. (Gundlach). Cyl. fumosa Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, p. 5 ; Monogr., vi, p. 375. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 118. Near U. fortis in shape and sculpture, but very different in internal structure. I have not seen specimens. 103. U. ANGUSTIOR C Wright' Pfr.). PI. 59, figs. 79, 80, 81. Shell very slenderly subfusiform, the last three normal whorls of about equal diameter, those above tapering in a much attenuated, usually entire spire to the globose, smooth apex; thin, corneous, somewhat transparent, brown above. Surface glossy, finely and regularly striate, the striae as wide as the intervals. Whorls convex, the last free, the free por- tion straight, produced downward and forward. Aperture oblique, subcircular, the lip continuous, expanded and some- what reflexed. Axis slender, encircled by two delicate lamellae, the lower one weakly denticulate, the upper lamella smaller, obsolete in the later whorls. Length 15.5, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 19% ) Cayos de Length 13, diam. 2.4 mm. ; whorls 17. ( S. Filipe. Length 14, diam. 2.33 mm.; whorls 18-19 (Pfr., type). Length 17.5, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 18% (El Guania). Western Cuba: Cayos de San Filipe, district of Vinales, Pinar del Rio (Wright) ; El Guania, Pinar del Rio (Arango). Cyl. angustior Wright mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1864, p. 130; Monogr., vi, 384.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 124.— Not of SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 11, f. 97. Allied to U. capillacea, distinct a, etc., but more slender, retaining all or most of the spire, which is strongly attenuate above. In some specimens the upper axial lamella is almost or quite obsolete. Mr. Sowerby has figured some other spe- cies for this one, but it is quite impossible to tell what. 230 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 104. U. FUSIFORMIS ('Wright' Pfr.). PI. 59, figs. 75, 76, 82. Shell subcylindric below, the upper half tapering to a narrow truncation or an obtuse, entire apex, thin, whitish corneous. Surface lustreless, sculptured with strong narrow ribs, which are parted by spaces of three or four times their width. Whorls convex, the last shortly free, slightly de- scending. Aperture circular, the peristome reflexed through- out. Axis with a single delicate, acute lamella near the base in each whorl, denticulate at the edge, and either nearly simple above it, or encircled by one or two weak, low and inconspicuous spiral cords. Length 12.5, diam. 2.9 mm.; whorls M1/^ (apex entire). Length 15.5, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 12 (Pfr., type; truncate). Western Cuba: San Diego de los Banos, Pinar del Rio (Wright) ; Guladon a Carquanabo (Wright). Cyl. fusiformis Wright mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, p. 12; Monogr., vi, p. 380. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 120. Not Pupa fusiformis C. B. Ad., 1845, a var. of Anoma maugeri. The spaced riblets remind one of the U. crispula group, but the delicate axial sculpture is widely unlike that group. 105. U. INTEGRA (Pfeiffer) . PL 59, figs. 71, 72, 73, 74. Shell fusiform, much attenuated above, the apex entire; pale brown. Surface somewhat dull, sculptured with rather widely spaced, thread-like riblets, which are stronger and whitish near the sutures, weak or obsolete on the convexity of each whorl, usually continuous on the last whorl. Whorls convex, the last free, descending and produced forward, the neck acutely costulate. Aperture oblique, circular, brownish within; peristome continuous, expanded and reflexed. Axis slender, trilamellate, the lower lamella largest, minutely denticulate above, extending weakly in the last whorl ; median lamella well developed in the third and fourth whorls up- ward, weak or hardly entering the last whorl. Upper lamella low and small, sometimes obsolete. Length 14.5, diam. 2.75 mm. ; whorls 16%. Length 13.5, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 16. Length 11.5, diam. 2.6 mm. ; whorls 14%. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 231 Length 16, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 17 (Pfr., type). Length 13, diam. 2.66 mm. (Pfr.). Western Cuba: Banos de San Diego on stones (Gundlach, Arango) ; Hato Caimeto (Wright). Cyl. Integra PFR., Malak. BL, iii, 1856, p. 47 ; Monogr., iv, p. 704 ; vi, 379 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 31, pi. 4, f . 16-18.— GUND- LACH, Malak. BL, iv, p. 47.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 120.— SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 10, f. 93 (bad). Somewhat like U. hidalgoi, though that is a much smoother shell with the neck longer. In one small specimen opened, the sculpture of the pillar is reduced, there being only one weak thread revolving above the usual lower one (fig. 74), so delicate and so little twisted that it would hardly be noticed except by careful examination. Perhaps this indi- cates another species, but it may be only an extreme variation of the usual type. 106. U. JMPARATA (Arango). Shell not rimate, fusiform-cylindric, rather solid, glossy, rather closely, obsoletely striate, whitish. Spire regularly tapering, entire. Suture deep, not crenulate. Whorls 17, flattened, the last subangulate, shortly free. Aperture sub- circular, the peristome a little reflexed. Internal column encircled by two thin lamellae. Length 16, diam. 2.25 mm. (Arango) . Cuba. Cyl. imparata ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 108. —C. imporata Gdlch., PAETEL, Catalog, ii, p. 248 (1889). Group of U. capillacea. Small, corneous or pale, unicolored, thin species, with the axial armature reduced to a single lamella or spiral thread. These forms were formerly grouped in Tomelasmus, but it is now clear that they are very closely related to the small, thin forms of Gongylostoma. The axial lamellae in this group are variable structures, their proportions evidently less con- stant than external sculpture and coloration in some cases. There is, moreover, variation in the development of the upper UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. spiral thread or cord, which makes it difficult to tell, in some cases, whether a specimen is to be considered to have one or two axial spirals 107. U. MACHOI (Arango). Shell cylindric-turrete, truncate, thin, obliquely delicately and closely striate, glossy, whitish. Whorls 10 to 11, a little convex, the last sculptured with more widely spaced riblets. Suture deep, simple. Aperture subcircular, the peristome simple, white. Internal column twisted with a single thread. Length 12, diam. 3 mm. (Arango) . Western Cuba: Canasi, near Matanzas. Cyl. machoi ARANGO, Anales de la Real Acad. de Ciencias Med., Fis. y Nat. de la Habana, xii, p. 282 (1876) ; Contrib., p. 113. At first sight it looks like a small variety of C. elegans, but the internal pillar differs widely (Arango}. 108. U. GARCIANA ('Wright' Presas). PL 58, figs. 67, 68. Shell subcylindric-fusiform, somewhat swollen in the mid- dle, tapering above, truncate; thin, corneous, lustreless. Surface sculptured with narrow, widely spaced riblets, 28 to 30 on a whorl, becoming crowded on the latter part of the last whorl. Whorls convex, the last shortly free, rounded beneath. Aperture subcircular, the lip white, thickened and expanded. Axis a little sinuous, being encircled by a low, spiral cord, which in some upper whorls is more or less den- ticulate (pi. 64, fig. 12). Length 11, diam. 3.3 mm. ; whorls 9. Length 10, diam. 2.6 rnm. ; whorls S1/^- Length 11 to 12, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 9, in an entire speci- men 15 (Presas). Western Cuba: Palmasola, near Matanzas (Wright); Camarioca ( Gundlach) . Cyl. garciana Wright mss., PRESAS, in Poey's Repertorio fisico-natural de la isla de Cuba, i, pt. 8, p. 220 (November, 1865) .— PFR., Malak. BL, xiii, 1866, p. 62 ; Monogr., vi, p. 374. —ARANGO, Contrib., p. 117.— Not C. garciana SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 8, f. 66. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 233 Has the external sculpture of U. crispula and its allies, or of U. artemesia, but the single weak spiral of the axis distinguishes garciana. 109. U. REMOTA (Arango). Shell cylindric-turrete, rather thin, thread-ribbed, dia- phanous, pale corneous, the riblets remote, whitish. In the single specimen the apex is truncate, 10 whorls remaining, rather flattened, the last subcarinate beneath, free in front. Aperture subcircular, the peristome shortly expanded, sub- angulate at the place of the carinae. Internal column en- circled by a single lamella. Length 13, diam. 3 mm. (Arango). Western Cuba: Sierra de Guira, in dist. San Diego de los Banos, prov. Pinar del Rio (Arango). Cyl. remota ARANGO, Contrib., p. 277 (1880). Shell very like C. guirensis, but the whorls are wider, flatter, and the internal column is one-lamellate, and like C. gutierrezi, but the column is different and the riblets are more indistinct (Arango}. 110. U. MORALESI ('Gundl.' Arango). Very similar to Cyl. elegans in external features of the shell, but the internal column differs, being encircled by a thick thread. (Arango). Western Cuba: Ceiba Mocha, near Matanzas (Gundlach). Cyl. moralesi Gundl. mss., ARANGO, An. Real Acad. Cien. Habana, xii, p. 283, no. 10 (1876) ; Contrib., p. 113. 111. U. CONCRETA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 55, fig. 7. Shell shortly rimate, cylindric-turrete, thin, smooth, pel- lucid, whitish-hyaline. Spire slowly tapering, truncate; suture simple. Whorls remaining 11, .flattened, the last shortly free, closely striate in front, subsulcate near the axial chink. Aperture oblique, circular; peristome narrowly ex- panded and a little reflexed. Internal column with a thread- like spiral ("columna interna filoso-torta"). Length 12, diam. 2.66, aperture diam. 2.25 mm. (Pfr.). 234 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Western Cuba : Sitio Nuevo and Punta de Jaula, both near Guane, Pinar del Rio (Wright). Cyl. concreta Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863r p. 8, no. 54; Monogr., vi, p. 363; Novit. Conch., iii, p. 435 (but not pi. 97, f. 12-15).— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 108 — SOWBV C. Icon., pi. 12, f . 113 ( ?) . The original description is given above. Pfeiffer subse- quently figured as concreta another species from the same localities, and hardly distinguishable in external features, but differing in having two axial spirals. This form has been named distincta (see no. 98). U. concreta is sometimes nearly smooth, but varies to weakly striate. The shape is either subcylindric or swollen below, the upper third or more of the length tapering rather rapidly to a narrow truncation. The slender axis is encircled by a thin lamella near the base. 112. U. CAPILLACEA (Pfeiffer) . PI. 55, figs. 5, 8. Shell cylindric below, the upper half tapering to the rather small, entire apex; thin, bluish- white, the upper whorls usu- ally dirty brownish from the contained dry viscera. Surface glossy, very closely and very finely striate. Whorls 13 to 14r convex, the last prolonged free forward and downward in a moderately short neck, which is more coarsely striate, with wider intervals than the rest of the shell. Aperture round, oblique; peristome continuous, evenly thickened and reflexed throughout. Axis encircled low in each whorl by a weak, low lamella, the edge of which is more or less distinctly crenulate. Length 10.5 to 12, diam. 2.5 mm. Western Cuba: Vinales, type loc. ; also Isabel Maria, dist. of Pinar del Rio (Wright). Cyl. capillacea PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, pp. 9, 129; Monogr., vi, p. 372. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 115. A very finely striate, bluish-white, subtranslucent shell, with the axial lamella weak. The neck is sometimes shorter than in the example figured. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 235 113. U. VOLUBILIS (Morelet). "Shell cylindric-subulate, slightly truncate, smooth, pel- lucid whitish. Whorls 19, a little convex, the last disjoined, cylindric, forming an obrotund, oblique aperture; peristome free throughout, a little thickened, narrowly reflexed. Length 15, diam. 3 mm." (Morel.). Western Cuba: Pan de Guajaybon (Morelet), in Pinar del Rio. Cyl. volubilis MOREL., Testacea Noviss., i, p. 11, no. 17 (1849). — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 576. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 115. The internal structure of the true Mt. Guajaybon voliibilis is apparently unknown. Pfeiffer placed saxosa Poey as a synonym of volulnlis, but in Monographia, vi, p. 372, he says that the axis of the latter has a weak spiral thread. 114. U. CRASSILABRIS (Arango). Shell rimate, subcylindric, rather solid, obliquely remotely lirate, brownish; spire shortly truncate, the suture subcrenu- late. Whorls remaining 11, rather flat, the last obsoletely carinate, shortly solute; peristome white, reflexed, especially the right margin. Internal column having one weak lamina below. Length 12.5, diam. 3 mm. Cuba. Cyl. crassilabris AR., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 108 (June 27, 1882). Section Tomelasmus Pils. & Van., 1898. P. & V., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 271, 276. Type U. torquata (Morel.). Misquoted Tomelasmus , Zool. Record for 1898, Moll., p. 60. This group as originally defined must be abandoned, as it is now known that the reduction of the lamellae to a single sub-basal one occurs in various phyla. The section is here retained for a number of groups, perhaps more allied to one another than to species of other sections, but still so hetero- geneous as to make a general definition almost impracticable. 236 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. ^ Group of U. torquata. Smooth or striate species with the axis straight, bearing a single, thin, conspicuously serrate, sub-basal lamella. Re- jected portion of spire very short, the apex smooth and rather large. Last whorl adnate or very shortly free, usually en- circled by a basal brown band ; the basal keel weak or obsolete. In addition to the following species, Cyl moreleti Pfr. may belong here. I. Peristome continuous, free or shortly adherent above. 1. Shell corneous, slender, the diam. contained 4 to 7 times in the length. a. Base strongly carinate. U. acus, no. 121. a1. Basal keel weak or wanting. &. Rib-striate; length 17-22, diam. 3.7-4.7 mm. U. thomsoni, no. 122. Z^.Wrinkle-striate; 1. 21-23, diam. 4.2-4.8 mm. U. colorata, no. 123. ft2. Very weakly, coarsely striate; length 18- 23, diam. 3.7-3.8 mm. U. adnata, no. 119. 2. Shell whitish, stouter, the diam. contained 3% to 4 times in the length; whorls 8y2-10. a. Closely striate, the striae as wide as the inter- vals; length 20-24, diam. 5.7-7 mm. U. arcustriata, no. 124. a1. Rib-striae more spaced, much narrower than the intervals; length 21.5-26, diam. 5.4-6 mm. U. assimilis, no. 125. II. Peristome interrupted or distinctly adnate above; shell smoothish, more or less crenulate below sutures, last whorl striate. 1. Dotted and streaked with corneous on a cream- white ground; very weakly striate. Z7. irrorata, no. 117. 2. Pale fulvous, a little marbled with ashy- white; obsoletely and remotely striate; base subangular; length 24, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 17. U. crenulata, no. 120. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 237 3. Banded but otherwise unicolor. a. Opaque, flesh-colored, the band ascending above the suture. U. sauvalleana, no. 116. a1. Corneous, somewhat transparent. &. Length 26-30, diam. 5-6 mm. ; very finely, subobsoletely striate. U. torquata, no. 115. 61. Smaller, slender, diam. about 3-4 mm. c. Base strongly carinate. U. acuSj no. 121. c1. Base obsoletely or thread- or cord- carinate. d. Spire smooth. U. decolorata, no. 118. d1. Spire weakly, coarsely striate. U. adnata, no. 119 ; U. cren- ulata, no. 120. 115. U. TORQUATA (Morelet). PL 56, figs. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. Shell shortly rimate, cylindric, the upper half tapering slowly to a narrow truncation or an obtuse apex, thin; cor- neous, the last whorl girt below the middle with a red-brown band. Surface smoothish, glossy, under a lens showing very fine, nearly effaced striation, which becomes more distinct on the last whorl. Whorls slightly convex, inconspicuously crenulate below the suture, the last rounded beneath, encir- cled by a slight keel below the band; not free in front. Aperture rounded-oval, oblique, the peristome expanded, interrupted above. Columella obliquely truncate below. Axis encircled near the base in each whorl by a thin, acutely and strongly serrate lamella. Length 30, diam. 5.2 mm. ; whorls 121/4. Length 26.5, diam. 5 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 28, diam. 5 mm. ; whorls 16 (apex entire). Length 27, diam. 6 mm.; whorls 12 (Morelet, type). Western Cuba: Mt. Guajaybon (A. Morelet); Rangel, in the woods on trees, on the Taco Taco river, Mr. Blain's estate (Gundlach), both in Pinar del Rio. 238 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Cyl. torquata MOREL., Testacea Novissima, i, p. 10, no. 13 (1849).— PPR., Monogr., iii, p. 579; vi, 358; Conchyl. Cab., p. 66 ("torquato"), pi. 7, f. 19, 20; pi. 8, 1 23.— GUNDLACH, Malak. BL, iv, 1857, p. 46.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 104.— Urocoptis (Tomelasmus) torquata Morel., PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. P. 1898, p. 276, pi. 17, f. 8 (axis). Similar to U. sauvalleana, but less narrow, and there is no band above the suture, and the surface is very finely though shallowly striate, while in sauvalleana it is smooth. The deciduous portion of the spire is very short and not espe- cially attenuate (fig. 15) ; in this the species of this group resemble Pycnoplychia, and are unlike typical Gongylostoma. 116. U. SAUVALLEANA (Gundlach). PI. 56, figs. 20, 21, 22. Shell shortly rimate, cylindric, the upper third or half slowly tapering to the narrow truncation, or retaining the spire complete; thin; surface smooth and glossy, " opaline flesh-colored," with a narrow brown or reddish band or line above the suture. Whorls slightly convex, the last not free, rounded beneath, its latter half finely striate; girt below the middle with a narrow purplish-brown band. Suture slightly crenulate. Aperture irregularly oval, slightly oblique, the peristome rather broadly expanded, shortly interrupted above; columella obliquely truncate below. Axis slender, encircled near the base with a thin, rather wide serrate lamella. Length 30, diam. 5 mm. ; whorls 15. Length 32, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 26.5, diam. 4.2 mm. ; whorls 18. J Length 27, diam. 4.5 mm. ; whorls 18. V Apex entire. Length 23.5, diam. 4.5 mm. ; whorls 16. ) Western Cuba: Mt. Rangel, on trunks and limbs of trees (Gundlach); Retire (Chas. Wright); Santa Cruz de los Pinos, dist. of San Cristobal, Pinar del Rio (Arango). Cyl. sauvalleana GUNDL., Malak. Bl., iii, 1856, p. 41 ; iv, p. 46; Poey's Memorias, ii, p. 16 (1857).— PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 710 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 64, pi. 7, f . 10, 11.— SOWB., C. Icon., xx, pi. 6, f. 50. — ARANGO, p. 104. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 239 Gundlach remarks that he found this species eastward of Mr. Blain's estate, where torquata occurs, and that where one of these species lives the other is not found. Unlike torquata, the peripheral band follows the suture, bordering it above. 117. U. IEROEATA (Gundlach). PI. 56, figs. 17, 18, 19. Shell shortly rimate, cylindric, the upper half tapering to a narrow truncation or retaining the early whorls; thin; cream-white, profusely dotted and streaked with corneous, and generally having a corneous or brown girdle around the base. Surface glossy, very weakly but coarsely striate, the base and latter part of the last whorl rib-striate. Whorls somewhat convex, more or less strongly crenate or denticu- late below the suture ; the last with a low basal keel, not free. Aperture obliquely oval, the peristome expanded, interrupted above; columella obliquely truncate. Axis slender, with a single thin, seriate spiral lamella. Length 24, diam. 4.7 mm.; whorls 12 (Banos de S. Diego). Length 17.5, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 11 (Vinales) . Length 26, diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 18 (apex entire; B. Honda) . Length 22, diam. 3.8 mm.; whorls 17% (apex complete; S. Jose de Cuba). Length 24, diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 17 (Gundl., type). Western Cuba: San Diego de los Banos, on stones (Gund- lach) ; Santa Catalina, San Jose de Cuba, Sagua, Isabel Maria, Vinales (Chas. Wright) ; Pan de Azucar (Arango) ; Bahia Honda (Bid.), all in prov. Pinar del Rio. Cyl. irrorata GUNDL., Malak. BL, iii, 1856, p. 41; in Poey, Memorias, ii, p. 16, pi. 2, f. 19.— PFR., in Conchyl. Cab., p. 64, pi. 7, f. 12, 13; Malak. BL, xi, p. 128; Monogr., iv, p. 171.- SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 4, f. 32.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 105. The dotted and streaked coloration is characteristic. The following form is probably a synonym. U. tumidiora (Sowerby). PL 56, fig. 23. "Shell thin, fulvous, variegated with horny brown, rather pyramidal; whorls short, rather convex, slightly crenated at the suture, 240 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. with a very narrow red band below, the last notched [rimate] . Aperture connected, anteriorly produced, expanded, a little contracted above the middle. Cuba." (Sowb.). Cyl. tumidiora SOWERBY, in Reeve's Conchologia Iconica, xx, pi. 8, f. 65 (April, 1875). "The whorls are much shorter and more convex than in Cylindrella irrorata" (Sowb.). 118. U. DECOLORATA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PI. 55, figs. 95, 96, 97. Shell very shortly rimate, slender, cylindric, the upper third or half tapering1 to a narrow truncation ; thin, pale corneous, with a faint brown band below the middle of the last whorl; the surface glossy, usually worn on the apertural side, nearly smooth, the last whorl elegantly, finely rib-striate on the base and behind the outer lip, the early whorls also showing traces of fine striation. Whorls slightly convex, weakly, coarsely crenate below the suture, the last having a low cord-like basal keel, not free in front. Aperture rounded- oblong, the peristome expanded, wholly adnate or interrupted above. Axis slender, encircled by a single thin, serrate lamella. Length 25-26, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 14. Length 20, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls 12. Length 22.5, diam. 3.6 mm.; whorls 17 y2 (apex perfect). Length 24, diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 14 (Gundl.). Western Cuba: Santa Cruz de los Pinos, on trees (Gund- lach). Cyl. decolorata Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1863, p. 4, no. 46 ; Monogr., vi, p. 358 ; Novit. Conch., p. 454, pi. 100, f. Q^ 7.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 104.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 209. Near U. sauvalleana, but more slender, thinner, with no sutural band, and with stronger sculpture on the latter part of the last whorl. About 5y2 whorls are above the plug in unbroken shells, ordinary truncate individuals having 12 to 14 whorls. Most adult shells have the gloss worn from the ventral side, which becomes dirty white, a circumstance which suggested the name. The same wearing is occasionally observed in U. torquata and sauvalleana. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 241 119. U. ADNATA (Pfeiffer). PL 55, fig. 98. Shell shortly rimate, cylindric-turrete, rather thin, nearly smooth, very lightly striate at the sutures, pale corneous; spire tapering above, the apex truncate; suture light, sub- crenulate. Whorls remaining 13 to 15, a trifle convex, the last not free, rib-striate in front, carinate at the base. Aper- ture slightly oblique, oblong-rounded, narrowed by a some- what tooth-like columellar fold within; peristome continuous, adnate above, elsewhere subequally expanded. Length 19, diam. 3.66 mm. (Pfr.).' Western Cuba: Sumidero, a hacienda in district of Pinar del Rio (Gundlach). Cyl. adnata PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1864, p. 129 ; Monogr., vi, p. 361; Novit. Conch., p. 453, pi. 100, f. 1-3.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 106. C. adumpta Pfr., CLESSIN, Nomencl. Hel. Viv. p. 277, no. 41 (1878). Pfeiffer's original description is given above, and his en- larged figure copied, pi. 55, fig. 98. The shell is very weakly, coarsely striate, with wide-spaced rib-striae on the latter part of the last whorl, and there is often a faint band on the last whorl, as in others of the group. In shape U. adnata closely resembles U. thomsoni and U. dccolorata, differing from the former in the weak sculpture and adnate peristome (though occasionally the parietal edge is distinctly raised) ; from U. decolorata. in being less smooth and less closely rib-striate behind the outer lip. The axis is slender, encircled by a strongly serrate, thin lamella. Specimens measure: Length 21, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 12. Length 22.5, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls 14. Length 18, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls 120. U. CRENULATA ( Gundlach) . PL 55, figs. 3, 4. Shell cylindric-conic, rimate, subdiaphanous, glossy, trun- cate; obsoletely and remotely striate; pale fulvous, a little marbled with ashy-white, and having a narrow thread-like reddish basal band. Whorls 17, a little convex, the last sculptured with stronger striae and subcarinate. Suture subcrenulate. Aperture oval, subvertical, slightly contracted 242 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. by the columellar fold; peristome thin, expanded, the upper margin adnate to the preceding whorl. Length 24, diam. 4 mm.; varies to smaller diameter (Gundlach). Western Cuba: Mt. Guajaybon, prov. Pinar del Rio, on trees and rocks. Cyl. crenulata GUNDL., Malak. BL, iii, 1857, p. 42. — PFR., Monogr., vi, p.. 358 ; Novit. Conch., p. 454, pi. 100, f . 4, 5.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 105. Pf eiffer finally considered this a variety of U. acus, but Arango retains it distinct. The thread-carinate rather than strongly carinate base is unlike acus, and it is apparently nearer U. adnata. I have not seen specimens. Pf eiffer describes it thus: "Shell subarcuate-rimate, cylin- dric-turreted, entire or shortly truncate, thin, arcuate-stri- atulate, pale corneous. Spire long, noticeably tapering above, the vertex rather acute ; suture distinctly crenulate. Whorls 20 in an entire specimen, a little convex, the last costulate, marked with a reddish line, and a thread-like carina below it, not free in front. Aperture a little oblique, rounded-oval ; columella subplicate ; peristome thin, expanded, and appressed to the preceding whorl or nearly interrupted. Length 26, diam 5 mm. ; apert. 4% mm. long. ' ' The figures are from Pfeiffer's, and doubtless represent an authentic specimen. 121. U. ACUS (Pfeiffer). PL 55, figs. 93, 94. Shell very shortly rimate, slenderly cylindric or pillar- shaped, the upper third slowly tapering to a narrow trun- cation; thin, pale corneous. Surface glossy, smooth except below the suture, where it is coarsely striate, the last whorl becoming rib-striate, the riblets rather widely spaced. Whorls somewhat convex, the last not free in front, the base defined by a strong, cord-like keel, crenulated by the striae. Aperture irregularly rounded, the peristome expanded, con- tinuous across but adnate to the parietal margin. Colu- mellar fold emerging, obliquely truncate below. Axis slen- der, somewhat sinuous, encircled by a thin, serrate lamella near the base in each whorl. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 243 Length 24, diam. 3.5 mm.; whorls 16. Length 18.2, diam. 2.8 mm. ; whorls 16. Length 24-26, diam. 3.5 mm.; whorls 18-19 (Pfr., types). Western Cuba: Plantation Cayajabos or Callajabas, dis- trict of Artemisa (E. Otto, type locality) ; Loma del Cuzco (Gundlach) ; Candelaria (Arango), all in prov. Pinar del Rio. Cyl. acus PFR., Symbolae ad Hist. HeL, i, p. 47 (1841); in Philippi, Abbild., i, p. 182, pi. 1, f . 8 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 66, pi. 7, f. 16-18; Malak. BL, i, 1854, p. 213; ii, 1855, p. 179; Monogr., ii, p. 383 ; iii, 579 ; iv, 711 ; vi, 359.— GUNDLACH, Malak. BL, iv, 1857, p. 46.— SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 7, f. 62.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 105. The special differentiation of this species is the strong basal keel. 122. U. THOMSONI (Arango). PL 55, figs. 90, 91, 92. Shell very shortly rimate, cylindric or pillar-shaped, the upper third slowly tapering to the narrow truncation; thin, corneous; surface shining, subregularly and strongly, ob- liquely rib-striate, the riblets rounded, narrower than the intervals, becoming better defined and thread-like on the last whorl. Whorls somewhat convex, the last barely free in front, rounded beneath, and girt with a reddish band, some- times very faint. Aperture round-oval, the peristome con- tinuous, shortly free above, expanded. Columella obliquely truncate. Axis slender, somewhat sinuous, encircled by a thin basal lamella serrate with long teeth. Length 21.6, diam. 4.7 mm.; whorls 12 (plug at 10). Length 17, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls 11. Western Cuba: "La Jagua" (Sierra la Jagua), near La Palma, Pinar del Rio (Arango, type loc.). Cyl. thomsoni ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1884, p. 212, fig. 3 (Nov. 4, 1884) .— CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1890, p. 223, pi. 4, f. 4. Near U. acus and U. decolorata, but strongly rib-striate. A specimen with the apex perfect has 14 whorls, according to Arango. Figured from a cotype. 244 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 123. U. COLORATA (Arango). PL 56, figs. 29, 30, 31. Shell shortly rimate, cylindric, the upper half tapering slowly to the rather narrow truncation, thin, corneous, some- what translucent, encircled near the base of the last whorl with a red-brown band, which ascends above the suture. Surface glossy, irregularly wrinkle-striate, the striae coarser below the suture, then often splitting or branching; stronger and narrower on the latter half of the last whorl. Whorls but slightly convex, the last somewhat carinate basally in front, the keel becoming obsolete on the latter half; not free in front. Aperture subcircular, the peristome expanded, continuous, barely free above or very shortly adnate. Axis with a thin, deeply incised, serrate lamella. Length 23, diam. 4.8 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 21, diam. 4.2 mm. ; whorls 12. Western Cuba: La Chorrera, Pinar del Rio. Cyl. colorata ARANGO, Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 106 (June 27, 1882) -. 1884, p. 212, f. 5.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 223, pi. 4, f. 2. U. thomsoni and U. decolorata and U. adnata are narrower shells, the former one being probably the most closely related to colorata. U. assimilis has more clearly-cut striae and a different coloration. 124. U. ARCUSTRIATA ('Wright' Pfr.). PI. 56, figs. 24, 25. Shell shortly rimate, cylindric, the upper half sloAvly tapering to a truncation somewhat less than one-half the diam. of the shell; moderately solid; whitish with a purple- brown basal band, sometimes showing a little along the suture. Nearly lustreless, closely, finely and regularly striate, the striae arcuate, as wide as the intervals; a little more spaced on the latter part of the last whorl. Whorls convex, the last broadly rounded beneath, not free in front. Aperture cir- cular, the peristome expanded, continuous, touching the pre- ceding whorl above, or barely free. Columella strongly ob- liquely truncate below. Axis encircled by a basal thin lamella, very deeply cut into long teeth. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 245 Length 24, diam. 6.7 mm. ; whorls 9. Length 23, diam. 7.2 mm. ; whorls Length 20, diam. 5.7 mm. ; whorls Length 21, diam. 7 mm.; whorls 9 (Pfr., type). Western Cuba: Between Caiguanabo and Chorrera (Wright, type loc.) ; San Andres, near Vinales, Pan de Azucar (Wright), all in prov. Pinar del Rio. Cyl. arcustriata Wright, PFR., Mai. Bl., xi, 1863, p. 3, no. 44; Novit. Conch., p. 259, pi. 65, f. 5-7; Monogr., vi, p. 369.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 112. Wide for its length, approaching the contour of the Jamai- can Cylindrellas. Specimens before me from the three locali- ties agree in all respects. It is wider and more finely striate than U. assimilis. 125. U. ASSIMILIS (Arango). PI. 56, figs. 26, 27, 28. Shell cylindric, slowly tapering above, whitish with a purple-brown basal band, narrowly showing at the suture. Somewhat shining, rib-striate, the riblets much coarser than in U. arcustriata, about half as wide as the intervals, more widely spaced on the latter half of the last whorl, as usual. Whorls slightly convex, the last rounded below, very shortly free in front. Aperture subcircular, the peristome expanded, continuous, free above. Columellar fold emerging nearly to the lip. Axial lamella deeply cut into strong, thin teeth (pi. 55, fig. 99). Length 21.5, diam. 5.4 mm. ; whorls 9y2. Length 24, diam. 5.6 mm. ; whorls 10. Length 23-26, diam. 6 mm.; whorls 12 in an entire shell (Arango) . Western Cuba : La Jagua, near La Palma, Pinar del Rio (Arango) . Cyl. assimilis ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1884, p. 211, fig. 2 (Nov. 4, 1884) .— CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 223, pi. 4, f. 1. Near U. arcustriata, but more cylindrical, with coarser, more widely spaced riblets, and slightly more free last whorl. 246 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Group of U. coerulans. Shell moderately stout, truncate, variegated with white on a corneous or brown ground, the aperture usually brownish within, basal keel obsolete; axis with one or two spiral lamellae, the lower denticulate, at least above ; a row of ivhit- ish subsutural beads developed. Western Cuba. Key to Species. I. Axis encircled by a single, sub-basal lamella. 1. Length 20 to 21, diam. 4.5 to 5.5 mm.; whorls 11-12 ; solid, brown and white, regularly rib-striate ; axis weakly spiral above the lamella. U. coerulans, no. 135. 2. Length 14 to 15.5x4.3 to 4.6 mm.; whorls 8 to 9; otherwise like U. coerulans. U. c. incerta, no. 135a. 3. Length 13 to 15, diam. 3.3 to 4 mm. ; whorls 10y2 to 11% ; corneous variegated with cream- white ; whitish Spaced riblets. U. discors, no. 130. 4. Length 11 to 14, diam. 2.5 mm. ; like variegata, but with more remote riblets. U. canteroiana, no. 136. '5. Length 9.5 to 11, diam. 2.5 to 3 mm. ; whorls 1^/2, to 81/2 ; riblets few and irregular, suture with curved, hook-like nodes ; axis somewhat spiral above the lamella. U. unguiculata, no. 129. 6. Length 9 to 10.3, diam. 2.2 to 2.3 mm.; whorls 8 to 9% ; brownish with white streaks and some white sutural nodes, nearly smooth or sparsely ribbed. U. gonzalezi, no. 127. 7. Length 11 to 12, diam. 2.5 to 2.7 mm. ; brown, some- times variegated with white, and having regular, white sutural beads; the surface closely striate. U. joaquini, no. 128. II. Axis with two subequal lamellae above the middle of the shell, one in the lower whorls, the axis often weakly spiral above it. 1. Shell finely striate, with small, regular subsutural beads; length 12 to 15, diam. 3 to 3.2 mm.; whorls 9 to 10y2. U. affinis, no. 132. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 247 2. Sculptured with spaced rib-striae. a. Length 10.4 to 13, diam. 3.5 to 3.7 mm. ; whorls 7% to 9!/3. U. d. lagunillensis, no. 130a. &. More slender, with more whorls; length 12.2 to 15.5, diam. 2.7 to 3 mm. ; whorls 10y2 to 12. U. diaphana, no. 131. III. Axis with two subequal lamellae. 1. Slender, length 12 to 16, diam. 2.7 mm. ; smooth or sparsely, irregularly ribbed, the long, descending neck ribbed; suture sparsely white-beaded. U. hidalgoi, no. 126. 2. Length 12, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls 10-11 ; distinctly arcuately striate. U. heynemanni, no. 133. 3. Stouter, the diam. one-fourth the length, 13 to 15 x 4 to 5 mm., with 7 to 8 whorls ; finely striate. U. obliqua, no. 134. 126. U. HIDALGOI (Arango). PL 54, figs. 78, 79. Shell cylindric or somewhat swollen in the middle, slightly tapering to the wide truncation; thin, brownish, translucent, marked with few or many longitudinal opaque white streaks, and with small \vhite beads irregularly strung along below the suture, usually obsolete on the later whorls. Surface glossy, nearly smooth, the latter half of the last whorl sculp- tured with narrow, wide-spaced riblets. Whorls slightly con- vex, the last becoming free, with a long, rounded, descending neck, which is very indistinctly angular beneath, and has an axial groove above. Aperture rounded, slightly narrower above, light chestnut-brown inside, the white lip rather widely reflexed. Axis encircled by two subequal lamellae, the lower one minutely spinose. Length 12, diam. 2.7 mm.; whorls 8%. ) . XT- *ir j- on i i -in -i/ V Cerro de Cabras. Length 16, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 10%. j Length 15-16, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 9-12 (Arango). Western Cuba: Bebedero, in Pinar del Rio (type loc.) ; Cerro de Cabras, Pinar del Rio (Arango). Cyl. hidalgoi ARANGO, Contrib., p. 107. — CROSSE, Journ. de Conch., 1890, p. 217, pi. 4, f. 3, a, I. 248 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Distinct by its smooth surface, white streaks, the long, costulate neck, and wide lip. The specimens figured are from Cerro de Cabras, received from Arango. Var. BREVICERVIX Pils., n. v. PL 57, fig. 44. Shell shorter than U. hidalgoi, the last whorl hardly de- scending, the neck short; surface almost lustreless, sparsely and irregularly, obliquely ribbed, and with conspicuous sub- sutural whitish nodes ; the neck ribbed as in hidalgoi. Aper- ture brown within. Axis bilamellate, the lamellae about equal. Length 12, diam. 2.7 mm.; whorls 9l/2. Length 11.2, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 8y2. Pinar del Rio: "Mogotes del Cerro de Cabras," on the plantation "Vega de Curull" (Arango). Cyl. hidalgoi var., ARANGO, Contrib., p. 277. The axis is similar to that of U. hidalgoi, bearing two sub- equal lamellae in all the whorls but the last one. 127. U. GONZALEZI Pilsbry, n. sp. PI. 57, fig. 43. Shell small, tapering from the last or the penult, whorl to the rather wide apical truncation, glossy, brown-corneous, subtransparent, splashed with milk-white in streaks. Smooth, with some irregular wrinkles or a few very wide-spaced rib- lets, the latter half of the last whorl ribbed. Suture crenate with white nodes. Whorls convex, the last shortly free, only slightly descending. Aperture rounded, the white lip flatly reflexed. Axis slender, encircled by a single, thin, sub-basal lamella. - Length 10.3, diam. 2.3 mm. ; whorls 9y2. Length 9, diam. 2.2 mm. ; whorls 8. Ceja de Poncio, Pinar del Rio (Arango). Similar to U. hidalgoi, but more tapering, with the neck short, and having only one axial lamella. 128. U. JOAQUINI Pilsbry, n. sp. PL 64, figs. 5, 6. Shell subcylindric, slowly tapering above to a wide trun- cation, thin, brown, either uniform or with white patches or UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 249 streaks, the suture bordered below with a regular row of white- beads. Surface glossy, closely and regularly striate. Whorls convex, the last produced in a neck which is white above, shorter and less descending than in U. hidalgoi. No basal keel. Aperture subcircular, brownish inside, the peri- stome thin, white, and expanded. Axis slender, straight, encircled by a single sub-basal, rather remotely dentate lamella. Length 12, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 8%. Length 11, diam. L5 mm. ; whorls 8%. Western Cuba: Pinar del Rio (Wright). This species belongs to the group of U. hidalgoi, differing from that form in sculpture, the single axial lamella and the shorter, neck. It is larger than U. gonzalezi, and more finely sculptured. A small group of closely related forms consists of the species joaquini, gonzalezi) hidalgoi and unguiculata. The types of this species were found among specimens of U. affinis collected by Wright. 129. U. UNGUICULATA ( Arango) . PL 57, fig. 52. Shell turreted, slowly tapering from the last whorl to the wide truncation, brownish-corneous variegated with white. Surface glossy, sculptured with a few irregularly and widely spaced riblets, the latter half of the last whorl ribbed. Su- ture crenate, the siibsutural nodules hook-shaped, the acumi- nate upper end of each reaching up and forward. Last whorl very shortly free, having a low keel beneath. Aper- ture subcircular, the lip reflexed. Axis having a compressed, sub-basal lamella, and an indistinctly spiral cord above it. Length 11, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 8%. Length O^-IO, diam. 2% mm.; whorls 7-8 (Arango, types). Western Cuba: Around the town of Pinar del Rio (Arango). Cyl. unguiculata ARANGO, Contrib., p. 277 (1880). Somewhat intermediate between U. hidalgoi and the species grouping around U. discors; but the bent or hooked sutural nodes distinguish it, though they are far from conspicuous. Figured from a cotype. 250 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 130. U. DISCORS (Poey). PL 57, figs. 42, 45. ''Differs from C. variegata Pfr. by the anteriorly less attenuate shell, more distant riblets and crenulate suture. Axis spirally one-lamellate" (Poey). Shell cylindric-fusiform, the upper third or half tapering to the truncation, thin, corneous, profusely variegated with cream-whitish. Surface scarcely glossy, sculptured with whitish riblets, separated by intervals of about three times their own width, and regularly crenate at the suture by low whitish nodules, about one to each two ribtets. Whorls but slightly convex, the last shortly free, slightly descending, weakly carinate below. Aperture rounded, light brown in- side; peristome white, expanded, subreflexed. Axis straight, slender, encircled by a single thin, sub-basal lamella. Length 14.5, diam. 3.3 mm. ; Avhorls Length 13, diam. 3.4 mm. ; whorls Length 15, diam. 4 mm.; whorls 11 (Pfr). Western Cuba: Sierra de Guane, prov. Pinar del Rio (Poey). Cyl. discors POEY, Memorias, etc., ii, p. 38. — PFRV Malak. BL, v, 1858, p. 8; Monogr., iv, p. 702; Malak. BL, xi, 1864, p. 127 (occurrence at Lagunillas). — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 118. Very closely related to U. heynemanni and U. diaphana in external features of the shell, the species being separated chiefly by details of the structure of the axis. 130 a. Var. lagunillensis Pils., n. var. PI. 57, figs. 47, 49. Shell rather obese, swollen in the middle, though varying to subcylindric forms; variegated with cream on a corneous ground, and with small subsutural beads. Last whorl very shortly free. Axis rather strong, encircled by two lamellae, the lower much wider below, the upper lamella being merely a low thick cord in the penultimate whorl, becoming thinner and about equal to the lower lamella in the whorls above the middle. Length 13, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls 9%. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 251 Length 10.4, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls Western Cuba: Lagunillas, in dist. of San Juan y Mar- tinez, prov. Pinar del Rio (Wright). Probably the specimens referred by Pfeiffer to U. discors in Malak. BL, xi, p. 127, belong to this variety, which differs from discors chiefly in the more inflated form and in the development of an upper axial lamella. 131. U. DIAPHANA 'Wtf'ght' Pils., n. sp. PL 57, fig. 48. Shell similar externally to U. discors, but the axis bears two small subequal lamellae above, the upper one reduced in the intermediate whorls, where a third small cord is inter- posed. Length 15.5, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 12. Length 12.2, diam. 2.7 mm.; whorls 10%. Western Cuba (Wright). ? Cyl. diaphana Wright, ARANGO, Contrib., p. 117. Arango gives a confused description of the pillar, and refers to Pfeiffer, who never described the species, but men- tions it among the undescribed (Monogr., viii, 449). Crosse merely quotes Arango 's reference. The above description is from shells received as Cyl. diaphana from Charles Wright. Probably it intergrades with discors, the axial structure being quite variable in Gongylostoma. 132. U. AFFINIS (Pfeiffer). PL 57, fig. 41. Shell cylindrie, the upper third or half tapering to a wide or sometimes rather narrow truncation; brownish-corneous profusely streaked with white, or whitish with corneous flames; thin. Surface somewhat glossy, finely striate throughout, the striation coarser on the last whorl, changing to narrow, sharp riblets on the neck. Suture crenulated by small, regular, white beads. Wliorls slightly convex, the last free, the neck short or moderately long, slightly descending. Aperture subvertical, rounded, brown inside, the well ex- panded lip white. Axis encircled by a compressed lamella in the lower whorls, serrate in the median and upper whorls, 252 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. a second, upper lamella about equal to the lower, appearing in the whorls above the middle. Length 15, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls lO1/^. Length 12.5, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls 9. Length 12, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 10 (Pfr., type). Western Cuba: Hacienda Sumidero, district of Pinar del Rio ; also Teneria, dist. of Guane, both in prov. Pinar del Rio (Wright). Cyl affinis PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1864, p. 127 ; Monogr., vi, p. 375. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 118. Similar in general appearance to U. discors, but much more finely striate. 133. U. HEYNEMANNI (Pfeiffer). PI. 58, figs. 67, 68. Shell rather deeply rimate, cylindric-turrete, rather solid, closely arcuate-striate, variegated corneous and whitish; spire somewhat swollen in the middle, the apex rather broadly truncate; suture rather closely white-crenate. Whorls 11, a little convex, the last shortly free, obsoletely thread-cari- nate. Aperture a little oblique, subcircular; peristome free, a little reflexed throughout. Internal column encircled by two compressed, subequal, parallel lamellae. Length 12^2 to 13, diam. 3% mm. (Pfr.). Western Cuba: La Teneria, in the district of Guane, prov. Pinar del Rio (Wright). Cyl. heynemanni PFR., Malak. Bl., xii, 1865, p. 120; Monogr., vi, p. 374. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 117. " Related to C. discors, affinis and albocrenata, but besides the external characters of the shell, it departs widely from all of them in the structure of the internal pillar." Much more slender and smaller than U. obliqua, whieh has similar axial structure; the riblets and subsutural tubercles more distinctly raised, white on a pale corneous ground, the specimens before me not otherwise variegated. Length 12, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls 10. Length 12, diam. 3.6 mm. ; whorls 11, 1% above the plug. U. discors and related species differ by the weaker develop- UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 253 ment of the upper axial lamella, which in heynemanni is nearly as strong as the lower. There is only a trace of the basal carina. The figures are from specimens received from Charles Wright 134. U. OBLIQUA (Pfeiffer). PL 58, figs. 53, 54, 55. Shell rimate, oblong, somewhat swollen, the upper third tapering to a wide truncation; thin; streaked and marbled with white and corneous. Surface rather closely striate, closely crenulate below the sutures, at least on the upper part of the shell. Whorls slightly convex, the last having a distinct, cord-like keel around the base; only shortly free in front. Aperture subcircular, hardly oblique, the lip wliite, reflexed. Axis encircled by two equal, compressed lamellae, the lower one of which is weakly denticulate in the upper whorls. Length 15, diam. 4.8 mm.; whorls 7%. Length 13, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 7. Length 14, diam. 5 mm.; whorls 7%-8 (Pfr., type). Central Cuba: Near Puerto Principe (Chas. Wright). Cyl. oUiqua PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, p. 11, no. 59; Monogr., vi, p. 360 ; Novit. Conch., p. 250, pi. 63, f . 18-21.-— ARANGO, Contrib , p. 105. — SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 4, f . 28. This species is near U. incerta, U. heynemanni, etc., but differs by its two wide and equal axial lamellae, rather obese shape and larger aperture. In distribution it lies far east of the range of the other members of the group. 135. U. COERULANS (Poey). PL 57, figs. 50, 51. Shell cylindric, tapering to a rather wide or a narrow truncation above, solid, corneous-brown, the last whorl often purple-brown, densely white-ribbed and marbled with white. Surface somewhat glossy, closely and regularly rib-striate throughout. Whorls convex, the last having a low, cord-like basal carina, and very shortly free in front. Suture crenate- beaded. Aperture vertical, dark chestnut inside, the lip con- 254 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. tinuous, broadly expanded, white. Axis encircled with a single sub-basal lamella, and in the intermediate whorls hav- ing a very weakly spiral cord above. Length 21, diain. 5.5 mm.; whorls 11% (Guane). Length 20, diain. 4.5 mm.; whorls 12 (Poey, type). Western Cuba: Guane, hanging on high rocks (Poey); Teneria and Catalina de Guane (Wright) ; Portales de Guane (Arango), all in prov. Pinar del Rio. Cyl. coerulans POEY, Memorias, ii, p. 37, pi. 1, f. 14. — PFR., Malak. BL, v, 1858, p. 7; Monogr., iv, p. 700.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 112. — Cyl. carulans Poey, SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 3, f. 21 (bad). Larger than the related forms. At Catalina, a village in Guane district, Pinar del Rio, Wright collected a much smaller, thinner form, often paler in color; length 17, diam. 4.2 mm., with lO1/^ whorls, to length 13.5, diam. 3.1 mm., whorls 11. 135 a. Var. INCERTA (Arango). PL 57, fig. 46. Similar to U. coerulans in color and sculpture, but more inflated, the axis simple above the sub-basal lamella; and it retains fewer whorls. Length 15.5, diam. 4.6 mm. ; whorls 8%. Length 14.5, diain. 4.5 mm.; whorls 8 (Arango, type). Length 14, diam. 4.3 mm. ; whorls 8. Puerta de la Muralla, in Guane district, prov. Pinar del Rio (Arango). Cyl. incerta ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1881, p. 15, fig. (May 10, 1881). Figured from a cotype. It is the merest variety of U. coerulans. 136. U. CANTEROIANA ('Gundl.' Arango). Differs from C. variegata Pfr. by the more remote riblets and especially the one-lamellate internal column. Length of a truncate specimen 11 to 14, diam. 2% mm. (Arango). La Vigia, Trinidad (Arango). UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 255. Cyl. canteroiana Gundl. mss., ARANGO, An. Real. Acad. Cienc. Habana, xii, p. 284, sp. no. 15 (1876). I do not know the locality, which may be near Guane, or in Santa Clara province. Group of U. trilamellata. Shell opaque, rib-striate, the riblets light on a dull, pur- plish-brown, corneous-brown or fleshy ground; aperture brown within, a little narrowed above; last whorl more or less free in front; axis with one to three lamellae, the lowest lamella widest. Key to Species. I. Length 3% to 5 times the diameter. 1. Axis with 3 lamellae, the upper one small, lower widest. a. Stout, rather rapidly tapering above; ashy- flesh colored, the narrow riblets parted by wider intervals; length 15.5 to 24, diam. 4.8 to 6 mm. ; whorls 8-10. U. vignalensis, no. 137. &. Stout, blackish-brown, similar to vignalensis but riblets more widely spaced; length 17, diam. 4.5 mm. ; whorls 9-10. U. abdita, no. 138. c. More slender ; dull purplish with strong whitish rib-striae half as wide as their intervals; upper lamella very small; length 17.5 to 20, diam. 3.4 to 4 mm. ; whorls 9 to 12. U. trilamellata, no. 139. 2. Axis with 2 lamellae; cylindrical, brown, striate- plicate ; length 20, diam. 5 mm. ; whorls 10. U. nubila, no. 140. 3. Axis with 1 thin lamella, 2 hardly noticeable spiral cords above it obsolete in last two whorls; shell tapering above, purplish-brown with narrow, ' wide- spaced whitish riblets; length 18-19, diam. 4 to 4.5 mm. ; whorls 10-12. U. violacea, no. 141. 256 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. II. Length about 7 times the diameter, only 1 distinct axial lamella. 1. Pillar-shaped, truncate, purplish-brown with ob- lique, arcuate, wide-spaced whitish riblets; neck rather long; length 16 to 19, diam. 2.1 to 2.7 mm,; whorls 12 to 13. U. plumbea, no. 142. 2. Cylindric-subulate, the spire attenuate above, shortly truncate or entire; corneous-brown, the rather close, arcuate riblets paler; neck shorter than in plumbea; length 16 to 18, diam. 2.3 mm. ; whorls 16 or 17. U. macra, no. 143. 137. U. VIGNALENSIS ('Wright' Pfr.). PL 46, figs. 65, 66, 67, 68. Shell cylindric. the upper third rather rapidly tapering to a rather narrow truncation, solid, opaque, ashen flesh colored. Surface lustreless, closely sculptured with narrow riblets separated by much wider intervals, and generally having a series of whitish granules along the suture. Whorls some- what convex, the last shortly free, the baso-peripheral surface flattened but showing a subobsolete cord in place of the usual keel. Aperture subcircular, ochre-brown inside, the peri- stome white, broadly expanded and reflexed; columella with a distinct fold within. Axis bearing three lamellae, the lower one largest, crenate, extending to the last whorl, the others disappearing in the penult, whorl. In the last whorl the axis is slender and more or less sigmoid. Length 24, diam. 5.8 mm.; whorls lO1/^. Length 15.5, diam. 4.8 mm. ; whorls 8. Length 17.5-22, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 9-10 (Pfr.). Western Cuba- Vinales (Wright); Banos de S. Vicente (Arango). Cyl. vignalensis Wright mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1863, p. 3 ; Novit. Conch., p. 246, pi. 63, f . 7-9 ; Monogr., vi, p. 367. — CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conch., 1870, pp. 12, 25, pi. 4, f. 4, 5 (teeth). — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 110. — Sows., C. Icon., xx, pi. 9, f. 83. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 257 Differs from U. Shuttleworthiana chiefly by its greater solidity, lighter fleshy color, and the dark interior of the mouth. The specimens from Banos de San Vicente, near Vinales, are somewhat more slender than those from Vinales, measuring, length 23.5, diam. 5 mm., with 10% whorls. 138. U. ABDITA (Arango). Shell shortly rimate, swolien-cylindric, rather solid; black- brown, with compressed, whitish, nearly straight and remote ribs. Spire perceptibly tapering from the middle, truncate; whorls remaining 9 to 10, a little convex, the last shortly free, with the ribs scarcely closer, the base subcarinate. Aperture slightly oblique, subcircular; columella a little plicate, the peristome expanded. Internal column three-lamellate. Length 17, diam. 4.5; diam. of apert. 1.75 mm. (Arango). Western Cuba : Hato de Morales, in Pinar del Rio. Cyl. abdita ARANGO, Contrib., p. 276 (1880). Similar to C. vignalensis, but it differs in form, color and the remote ribs (Arango). 139. U. TRILAMELLATA (Pfeiffer). PL 46, figs. 71, 72, 73, 74. Shell slender, cylindrical, the upper whorls tapering slightly to the wide truncation; dull purplish, fading above. Surface lustreless, sculptured with strong, whitish, thread- like, slightly oblique and arcuate rib-striae, separated by intervals of more than double their own width. Whorls convex, the last shortly free in front, rounded below, with the slightest trace of a basal keel. Aperture subcircular, a trifle longer than wide, dark purple-brown within. Peri- stome white, narrowly expanded; columella with a distinct fold within. Axis encircled by three lamellae, the upper one very small, the lower stronger, denticulate, extending nearly to the aperture, the others disappearing in the penult, whorl. Length 19.5, diam. 3.4 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 17.5, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 9. Length 19-20, diam. 4 mm.; whorls 12 (Pfr.). Western Cuba: Guira de Luis Lazo, in the jurisdiction of Pinar del Rio (Chas. Wright). 258 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Cyl. trilamellata PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1864, p. 128; Novit. Conch., p. 260, pi. 65, f . 13-15 ; Monogr., vi, p. 368.— AKANGO, Contrib., p. 111. This species stands very near U. violacea, differing chiefly in the structure of the axis. It is also somewhat related to U. vignalensis, but much more slender and less tapering above. There is but little variation in the 20 specimens before me. 140. U-. NUBILA (Poey). PL 57, fig. 40. Shell elongate, cylindrical, thin, but little shining, brown, sparsely marked with transverse lines; striate-plicate, the plicas arcuate; spire truncate, 10 slightly convex whorls re- maining, the last whorl free near the contiguous whorl, sub- carinate beneath; suture simple or sometimes very obsoletely crenulate. Aperture vertical, suboval (narrower behind) ; peristome simple, narrowly expanded. Axis spirally two- lamellate. Length 20, diam. 5 mm. (Poey). Western Cuba : Paso Real, near Guane, prov. Pinar del Rio, on stones (Poey). Cyl. nubila POEY, Memorias, ii, p. 38, no. 44, pi. 1, f. 25. — PFR., Mai. BL, v, 1858, p. 8; Monogr., iv, p. 700.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 112. Very near U. violacea apparently, but the aperture is more pear-shaped, and the axis bilamellate. It is wider than the bilamellate U. plumb ea. Poey mentions a form 4 mm. in diam. 141. U. VIOLACEA ('Wright' Pfr.). PL 57, figs. 32, 33, 34, 35. Shell subcylindric or somewhat fusiform, the upper third tapering to a rather narrow truncation; somewhat solid, purplish-brown. Surface lustreless, sculptured with narrow, widely spaced whitish riblets, which are crowded a little closer just behind the peristome. Whorls convex, the last shortly free in front. Aperture rounded, pear-shaped, sub- vertical, purplish-brown inside, the expanded lip whitish. Axis encircled by one thin sub-basal lamella (denticulate above), and two hardly noticeable spiral cords above it, obsolete in the last two whorls. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. * 259 Length 18, diam. 4 mm.; whorls 10% (Vinales). Length 19, diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 10-12 (Pfr., types). Western Cuba: Isabel Maria, in district Pinar del Rio, prov. P. del R. (Wright) ; Vinales (R. Arango). Cyl. violacea Wright mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1864, p. 128 ; Monogr., vi, p. 367; Novit. Conch., p. 260, pi. 65, f. 10-12.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 110;— ^OWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 7, f. 60. Externally U. violacea is very like U. trilamellata, but the pillar has only one well-developed lamella, the others being very indistinct. The length of the neck varies a good deal. Figs. 34, 35 are copied from Pfeiffer's; fig. 33 is from a topotype; fig. 32 from a Vinales specimen. 142. U. PLUMBEA ('Wright' Pfr.). PI. 57, figs. 36, 37, 38, 39. Shell slender, pillar-shaped, narrowly truncate, moderately solid, purple-brown. Surface lustreless, sculptured with ob- lique, arcuate, rather widely-spaced whitish riblets, generally a little more spaced on the neck. Whorls convex, especially the later ones; the last whorl free, the neck usually long, sometimes rather short, grooved above. Aperture rounded, dark within, the lip whitish, reflexed. Axis slender, sinuous below, encircled with a thin, sub-basal spiral lamella (den- ticulate in upper whorls), and a smaller lamella above it, obsolete in the last two whorls. Length 19, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 13. ) T T ^ ic j- T- i 101 / > Isabel Maria. Length 16, diam. 2.1 mm. ; whorls 12%. j Length 17-18, diam. 2.66 mm.; whorls 12 (Pfr., types). Western Cuba: Isabel Maria, in Pinar del Rio (Wright). Cyl. plumbea Wright mss., PFR.,, Malak. BL, xi, 1864, p. 129; Monogr., vi, p. 385; Novit. Conch., p. 262, pi. 65, f. 20-22.— ARANGO.. Contrib., p. 125. Much more slender than violacea and trilamellata. U. macra is very closely allied, but it is paler, usually retains the apex, and has but one axial lamella. 143. U. MACRA ('Wright' Pfr.). PI. 59, figs. 91, 92, 93. Shell slightly subrimate, cylindric-subulate, rather thin, 260 * UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. somewhat closely arcuately ribbed; corneous-brown, the ribs paler. Spire noticeably attenuated towards the somewhat obtuse apex, entire or shortly truncate ; suture deep, nodulose- orenate. Whorls 16-17, convex, the last shortly free, de- scending, subcylindrical, anteriorly more closely costulate- striate. Aperture a little oblique, pirif orm-rounded ; peri- stome whitish, narrowly reflexed throughout. Length 16.5 to 18, diam. scarcely 2% mm. (Pfr.). Western Cuba: Guane, prov. Pinar del Rio (Wright). Cyl. macra Wr., ARANGO, Repertorio fisico-natural de la isla de Cuba, ii, no. 4, p. 86 (1867) ; no. 12, p. 270 (1868) nude name; Contrib., p. 126. — Cyl. macra Wright, PFR., Malak. BL, xiv, 1867, p. 210; Monogr., vi, p. 388; Novit. Conch., p. 457, pi. 100, f. 12, 13. A less robust, paler shell than U. plumb ea, with the neck much shorter. Figs. 91, 93 of pi. 59 are copied from Pfeif- fer's illustration of the type. Fig. 92 is from a specimen from the type locality, measuring 16.5 x 2.3 mm., with 17 whorls. The sutural crenation mentioned by Pfeiffer is rather irregular and inconspicuous in most specimens. The aperture is distinctly longer than wide, but in a front view this is somewhat obscured by foreshortening, owing to its obliquity. The slender axis is sinuous, especially in the later whorls, and is encircled near the base in each whorl by a moderately projecting, thin spiral lamella. The general form is cylindric, the upper third only tapering. Group of U. pruinosa. Shell rather large, cylindric, brownish with occasional white-bordered dark stripes, the base carinate; axis with two equally prominent lamellae. 144. U. PRUINOSA (Morelet). PI. 54, figs. 74, 75, 76. Shell cylindric or column-like, more or less and quite gradually tapering above, rather thin, widely truncate; brownish or purplish corneous, with a wide whitish belt below the suture, and having occasional white-bordered dark UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 261 vertical stripes. Surface somewhat glossy, arcuately striate, the striae not half as wide as the intervals. Whorls but slightly convex, the suture seam-like; last whorl free in front, descending, carinate beneath. Aperture oblique, wide- ovate, brown inside, the whitish lip expanded, acute. Axis bearing two equally prominent lamellae, the lower one com- pressed and minutely denticulate, the upper rather stout and cord-like in the last few whorls, becoming slender above. Length 24.5, diam. 4.3 mm.; whorls 12. Length 20.5, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls 12y2. Length 27, diam. 4.2 mm. ; whorls 13. Isle of Pines, in the mountains (Morelet, Gnndlach). Cyl. pruinosa MOREL., Testacea Noviss., i, p. 11, no. 14 (1849).— DESH. in Fer., Hist., ii, p. 228, pi. 164, f. 19-22.— BLAND, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, of N. Y., vi, p. 151, pi. 5, f. 17 (axis). — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 571; iv, 700; vi, 370; Conchyl. Cab., p. 39, pi. 4, f. 37-39.— SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 4, 1 31. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 112. Very distinct by its coloration of white and dark stripes, with more or less white frosted over a light purplish-brown ground-color, somewhat like the bloom on a plum; hence the specific name. The basal keel is also a very unusual char- acter in Gongylostoma. Group of U. ventricosa. Rather short, cylindric or oblong, copiously variegated with white on a corneous ground, nearly smooth, the suture not crenate, the last whorl very shortly free. Axis stout, with a sub-basal denticulate spiral lamella and a low more oblique cord above it. Differs from the group of U. coerulans by its stout axis and plain suture. The single species is from eastern Cuba. 145. U. VENTRICOSA (' Gundl. ' Pfr.). PL 58, figs. 56, 59, 60. Shell shortly rimate, swollen-cylindric, smooth, beautifully variegated with milk-white and corneous flames. Spire long, more or less swollen, tapering above, truncate. Whorls re- 262 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. • maining 10-13, the upper ones flat, lower convex, the last whorl shortly free, rib-striate anteriorly, the base with a thread-like keel. Aperture a little oblique, subcircular, the peristome continuous, narrowly reflexed throughout. Length 15-17, diam. 4-4.5 mm.; diam. of aperture 2.66 mm. (Pfr.). Eastern Cuba: Manzanillo; Bayamo (Gundlach). Cyl. ventricosa Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., iv, 1857, p. 175, no. 7 ; Monogr., iv, p. 693 ; Novit. Conch., p. 250, pi. 63, f. 22-25; Monogr., vi, p. 362, var. abbreviata. — ARANGO, Con- trib., p. 107. — SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 3, f. 17. — C. abnor- mis Gundl., POEY, Memorias, ii, pp. 61, 92 (no description). Distinguished by the white and corneous-brown marbled coloration and smooth surface, the tendency to be inflated above the middle, and the rather stout axis, which has one compressed lamella, weakly denticulate above, with a low spiral swelling or cord above it. Under a strong lens the upper half of the shell is seen to be densely sculptured with extremely fine, straight striae. Pfeiffer's original description is given above, and his figures copied, pi. 58, figs. 59, 60. More slender forms also occur at Manzanillo, pi. 58, fig. 56, measuring, length 13.5, diam. 3.6 mm. ; whorls 9%, or a little smaller. Var. abnormis ('Gundl.'). PL 58, figs. 57, 58. Shell short and obese, the spire much swollen above the middle, then rapidly tapering to the truncation; the rejected portion being slender, as in typical ventricosa. Other char- acters as in ventricosa. Length 11, diam. 5 mm. ; whorls 7. Length 12, diam. 5 mm. ; whorls 8. Length 11.7, diam. 4 mm.; whorls 10 (8 to the plug). This form also occurs at Manzanillo. Sometimes some of the whorls overhang at the sutures; and there is usually a whorl or more of the empty, subcylindric adolescent shell retained above the plug. Sowerby's figure of ventricosa represents this variety. Var. abbreviata Pfr. (not of Des- hayes) is a synonym. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 263 Group of U. wrighti. Long and very slender, fusiform shells, the diam. contained 5 to 9 times in the length; narrowly truncate, variegated white and corneous, the last whorl free and descending in a long neck (except in U. contentiosa, which probably is not closely related to the other species). Axis with a single, more or less spinose spiral thread. Central and eastern Cuba. The dentition of U. wrighti (pi. 61, fig. 12) is notable for the rapid decrease of the teeth in size towards the edges. The decrease is gradual and the teeth normal in form, formula 9.1.9. In U. baculum (pi. 60, fig. 11) the radula is narrower, 7.1.7, or rather 5.2.1.2.5, the two inner laterals on each side being distinctly larger than the third, as in the west Cuban group Tetrentodon. I. Last whorl adnate; suture subcrenulate ; length 14 to 16, diam. 3 mm., with 14-15 whorls. U. contentiosa, no. 151. II. Last whorl descending in a rather long neck. 1. Whitish with sparse corneous' streaks; oblique thread-like riblets separated by spaces 2 or 3 times their width ; neck rather long; 12 to 14 x 2 mm., with 13y2 to 15 whorls. U. hilleri, no. 146. 2. Brownish-corneous with white or corneous, oblique, more widely spaced riblets ; neck long ; 16.3 to 20 x 2 to 2.2 mm., with 15y2 to 20 whorls. U. wrighti, no. 147. 3. Creamy or pink, with sparse dark-corneous lunate streaks; rather weak wide-spaced arcuate riblets; neck long; 11.7 to 14x1.7-1.9 mm., whorls 14 to 17. U. baculum, no. 148. 4. Diaphanous, whitish, obliquely ribbed ; 15 to 17 x 2.5 mm., whorls 15 to 17. U. lajoncherei, no. 150. 5. Brownish-corneous, glossy, closely striate near the sutures, smoother in the middle of each whorl ; length 11.7 to 17, diam. 2.2 to 3 mm., with 11 to 13 whorls. U. producta, no. 149. 146. U. HILLERI (Pfeiffer). PI. 59, figs. 77, 78. Shell very slender, fusiform, widest in the middle, slowly 264 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. tapering to a narrow truncation above; whitish urith irregu- larly spaced, wedge-shaped, curved corneous streaks. Sur- face slightly shining, sculptured with oblique, thread-like white riblets separated by intervals two or three times their width. "Whorls convex, the last free, descending in a rather long neck. Aperture oblique, circular, the peristome ex- panded and subreflexed throughout. Axis slender, slightly sinuous, being encircled by a low spiral thread near the base in each whorl. Length 12, diam. 2 mm. ; whorls Length 13, diam. 2.1 mm. ; whorls Length 12-14, diam. 2 mm.; whorls 15 (Pfr., type). Cyl. hilleri PFR., Malak. BL, ix, 1862, p. 132 ; Monogr., vi, p. 387; Novit. Conch., p. 457, pi. 100, f. 14-16.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 125. Eastern Cuba: Picote (Jeanneret), and Sagua de Tanamo (Wright), in Mayari. "In color and sculpture this species stands nearest to U. wrighti, but is much more slender, somewhat like U. porrecta in form, truncate, the whorls are flatter and much more closely striate, and the striation continues even to the aper- ture, while in rageli it is stronger and more widely spaced on the neck" (Pfr.). U. hilleri is smaller, more closely stri- ate and less lengthened than U. wrighti. 147. U. WRIGHTI (Pfeiffer). PI. 59, figs. 83, 84, 85, 86. Shell very slenderly fusiform, the middle third nearly cylindric, the ends slowly tapering ; narrowly truncate ; thin ; brownish-corneous with some white streaks, or whitish with corneous markings. Surface glossy, sculptured with low, narrow whitish, widely-spaced riblets, which are oblique and arcuate. Whorls moderately convex, the last free in a long, descending, forwardly curved neck. Aperture subcircular, the peristome evenly expanded, somewhat reflexed through- out. Axis slender, somewhat sinuous, encircled by a low thread below, which in the median and upper whorls is a little stronger, and bears delicate filament-like spines. Length 20, diam. 2 mm. ; whorls 20. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 265 Length 16.3, diam. 2 mm. ; whorls Length 20, diam. 2.25 mm.; whorls 18 (Pfr., type). Eastern Cuba: Cayo del Rey, Mayari (Wright, Jeanneret). Cyl. wrighti PFR., MaJak. BL, ix, 1862, p. 132 ; Monogr., vi, p. 387; Novit. Conch., p. 456, pi. 100, f. 10, 11.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 126. — SOWERBY, C. Icon.,-xx, pi. 10, f. 85. More lengthened than hilleri, with wide-spaced riblets and more whorls. Pfeiffer found 26 in a specimen retaining the spire complete. 148. U. BACULUM Pilsbry, n. sp. PL 59, figs. 87, 88, 89, 90. Shell very slenderly fusiform, tapering to a narrow trun- cation, thin, opaque, somewhat glossy; cream colored or pale pink, with scattered dark corneous lunate streaks, each bor- dered on the right side with an opaque white patch. Sur- face sculptured with rather weak, wide-spaced, arcuate and oblique riblets, stronger on the last whorl. Whorls convex, the last free, produced downward and forward in a long, spirally curved neck. Aperture oblique, circular, the peri- stome rather widely expanded and reflexed. Axis as in U. wrighti, the single lamella delicately serrate in the upper whorls. Radula with 7.1.7 teeth (pi. 60, fig. 11), the two inner lateral teeth on each side large, the rest decidedly smaller. Length 14.8, diam. 1.9 mm. ; whorls 17. Length 11.5, diam. 1.7 mm. ; whorls 14. Length 11.7, diam. 1.9 mm. ; whorls 14. Cuba (T. Bland, in Swift, coll., types no. 71553 A. N. S. P.). Smaller and more fusiform than U. wrighti (which it re- sembles in sculpture), and having a longer, more sinuous neck. U. hilleri is more strongly and more closely striate. The whorls are more convex than in U. porrecta. It may be near cinerea Pfr., but has more whorls in the same length. 149. U. PRODUCTA ('Gundlach' Pfr.). Pi. 58, figs. 61, 62, 63, 64. Shell slender, cylindric, the upper half slowly tapering, summit truncate; thin, brownish-corneous, with a gloss as if 266 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. oiled. Surface nearly smooth on the convexity of each whorl, closely striate near the sutures, the last whorl usually with some irregularly and widely spaced rib-striae, prominent where they pass upon the base. Whorls convex, the last shortly free, with a weak basal keel, almost obsolete in the smoother shells. Aperture quite oblique, rounded, longer than wide, the peristome white, expanded and thickened. Axis slender, sinuous in the last two whorls, above which it is encircled by a low and slender, inconspicuous spiral thread, which is minutely asperate in some whorls. Length 16, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 12y2- Length 11.7, diam. 2.2 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 17, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 12 to 13 (Pfr., types). Central Cuba: Mt. San Juan de Letran, and other places in the Trinidad cordillera (Gundlach). Cyl. producta Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. BL, iv, 1857, p. 110, no. 22 ; Monogr., iv, p. 693 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 18, pi. 9, f. 26-30.— SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 10, f. 89.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 107. Distinguished from other slender east Cuban forms by the uniform corneous-brown color. 150. U. LAJONCHEREI ( Arango) . Shell long-fusiform, slender, subtruncate, thin, somewhat obliquely ribbed, diaphanous, whitish. Whorls remaining 15-17, the last free, stretched downward; suture simple. Aperture oblique, circular, the peristome shortly expanded throughout. Length 15-17, diam. 2.5 mm. Internal column thread-twisted (Arango) . Central Cuba : San Juan de las Lleras, near Villaclara. Cyl. lajoncherei ARANGO, Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila. 1884, p. 212 (Nov. 4, 1884). Similar to C. philippiana, but longer, with more remote ribs, and whitish in color, instead of being variegated with brown (Arango). 151. U. CONTENTIOSA (Arango). Shell slightly rimate, fusiform-turrete, brownish corneous, UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 267 sparingly variegated with a paler tint. Spire noticeably tapering above, truncate, the suture subcrenulate. Whorls remaining 14-15, flattened, the last adnate, with a thread- like basal keel. Aperture subcircular, the peristome equally expanded throughout, white. Internal column encircled by a single acute, oblique lamina. Length 14-16, diam 3 mm. (Arango). Central Cuba: San Juan de las Lleras, near Villaclara. C. contentiosa ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1884, p. 211 (Nov. 4, 1884). The position of this species in the series is uncertain. Section Tetrentodon Pilsbry, 1903. Trachelia PFR. (in part), Monogr. Helic. Viv., iii, p. 564 (1853), proposed for marmorata Shutt., volubilis Morel., porrecta Gld., gracillima Poey, speluncce Pfr., subtilis, Morel., gouldiana Pfr., rugeli Shutt., riisei Pfr., cinerea Pfr., morini Morel., philippiana Pfr., scalarina Shutt. Name preoccupied by Scopoli in Aves, 1777, by Serv. in Coleoptera, 1834, and by Westwood in Coleoptera, 1839. Shell attenuate, entire or shortly truncate, the neck cylin- dric, rounded beneath; axis very weakly one- or two-plicate, the spirals not crenulate; apex swollen, smooth. Radula narrow, with 13 to 19 teeth in a transverse row, the inner two laterals on each side much larger than the succeeding teeth. Type U. plicata (Poey). A group of slender-shelled Cylindrellas, found in the prov- inces of Matanzas and Havana, with a single species in New Providence, Bahamas. The series is related on one hand to Cochlodinella, from which it differs in the more or less pli- cate axis, and on the other to the very slender forms of Tomelasmus, of the group of U. wrighti, in which, however, the axis has a spinose lamella in the upper whorls. The species of Tetrentodon were referred to the genus Brachypodella in my paper of 1898, but having examined the teeth of most of them, I find that the affinities of the group are wholly with the west Cuban forms of Urocoptis. The dentition (pi. 43, fig. 3, U. cyclostoma; fig. 4, U. plicata; 268 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. fig. 5, U. scalarina) is chiefly notable for the great reduction in the number of teeth in a transverse row, and the degenera- tion of all but the inner two lateral teeth on each side. The radula is in process of specialization exactly parallel to that of Brachypodella, toward a form in which the inner four lateral teeth alone are functional; but the result cannot be exactly the same because in Tetrentodon this specialization is superposed upon a phylum having teeth already diversely specialized from the ancestral stock whence Brachypodella and Urocoptis arose. It should be noted also that this group, parallel to Brachypodella in both shell and dentition, arose in an area where Brachypodella does not exist. The shape and structure of the cusps of the individual teeth are exactly as in C ochlodinella and Gongylostoma; but in some species the posterior angles of the basal-plates (lower angles, as figured) are strongly thickened. This is well shown in fig. 5, representing a central and an inner lateral tooth of U. scalarina in profile, the two posterior-lateral pro- cesses of the central tooth projecting at the lower left side of the figure, while the thickened outer angle of the lateral tooth projects like a cusp, below on the right. I have exam- ined the teeth of U. cyclostoma, sexdecimalis, camoensis, mar- morata, plicata bahamensis and scalarina. Key to Species. I. Length 16 to 28, diam. 1.6 to 2 mm., with 17 or more whorls in truncate specimens; cylindric-tapering ; cor- neous, usually more or less clouded with white; neck long. 1. Lustreless, nearly smooth in the middle, weakly costulate above and below ; whorls flattened. 21 to 28 x 2 mm., with 26-28 whorls. U. gracillima, no. 152. 2. Lustreless, with oblique wide-spaced riblets ; 18 x 1.6 mm., with 20i/2 whorls, truncate, to 20x2 mm., with 29 whorls in entire shells. U. cyclostoma, no. 153. 3. Slightly glossy, smooth or weakly striate; whorls UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 269 convex; 17.5 to 21x2 mm., with 17-25% whorls in truncate shells. U. ischna, no. 154. 4. Smooth, often faintly tessellate with opaque white; whorls but slightly convex; 13-15x1.7-2 mm., with 19-24 whorls in entire shells. U. porrecta, no. 155. II. Smaller, 12 x 3 mm. ; brown with a red-gold gleam, and snow-white, straight ribs ; whorls 13 in entire, 10 in trun- cate shells. U. Uainiana, no. 166. III. Small, length 14 mm. or less, not sculptured like II. 1. Smooth or nearly so. a. Smooth, glossy, corneous marbled with white, aperture brown inside ; 10-11 x 1.6 mm., whorls 16-18. U. sexdecimalis, no. 157. b. Similar, blue- white streaked with corneous; 11 x nearly 2 mm., whorls 16. U. clerchi, no. 158. c. Corneous with some white lines and spots; irregular, narrow, thread-like riblets ; 12 x 1.6 to 2 mm., whorls 20. U. camoensis, no. 159. d. Opaque fleshy-white, with wedge-shaped cor- neous-brown stripes ; glossy and smooth ; 9.5 x 1.7 to 2 mm., 13y2 to 14 whorls. U. marmorata, no. 160. 2. Shell ribbed. a. Subarcuately costulate, ashen with chestnut aperture ; whorls flattened ; 14 x 2.6 mm., trun- cate with 12 whorls. U. cinerea, no. 156. b. Corneous with some white lines and spots; irregular thread-like riblets ; 12 x 1.6 to 2 mm., with 20 whorls. U. camoensis, no. 159. c. Fusiform, swollen in the middle; flesh- tinted with some pale brown markings; delicately costulate; 9.5x1.6 mm., whorls 14, entire. U. rugeli, no. 161. d. Similar but stronger ribbed ; 9.5 x 2 mm., with 11 whorls, truncate U. r. euglypta, no. 161a. e. Obliquely sharply striate; corneous- whitish obsoletely variegated with brownish ; 12.5 x 2.6 270 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. mm., with 12 to 15 whorls in truncate, 18 to 19 in entire shells. U. philippiana, no. 162. /. Lamella-ribbed, lustreless, with very convex whorls ; 12.3 x 2.2 mm., with 17 whorls, to 8.7 x 1.7 mm., with 15 whorls. U. plicata, no. 163. g. Fusiform, lustreless, with strongly elevated, subvertical lamellae ; 9 to 10 x 2.2 mm., with 10 whorls in truncate to 17 in entire speci- mens. U. scalarina, no. 164. h. Eibbed; New Providence, Bahamas. U. bahamensis, no. 165. 152. U. GRACILLIMA (Poey). PL 62, figs. 41, 42. Shell c^wicZnc-subulate, very slender, the upper third tapering, attenuate, the apex truncate ; thin, corneous clouded with white, but usually appearing tawny from adherent soil. Surface lustreless, under a lens seen to be obliquely weakly costulate above and on the last two whorls, the intermediate whorls nearly smooth. Whorls nearly flat, the last descend- ing and projecting in a long free neck, which is sculptured with narrow, widely spaced riblets. Aperture oblique, cir- cular, the peristome free, wide and flatly reflexed. Axis slender, slightly sinuous within each whorl (pi. 64, fig. 13). Length 21, diam. 2 mm.; whorls 26 (apex truncate). Length 28, diam. 2 mm. ; whorls 28-30, of which 8 or 9 are generally deciduous (Poey). Western Cuba: San Jose de las Lajas (Don Ignacio Her- nandez) . Cyl. gracillima POEY, Memorias, i, pp. 202, 211, pi. 12, f. 1-3 (May, 1853, t. c., p. 449).— PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 576; iv, 707; vi, 385; Malak. BL, 1854, p. 212; Conchyl. Cab., p. 54, pi. 6, f. 4-6.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 125.— SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 15, f. 130. This very slender species resembles U. cyclostoma Pfr., but differs by its nearly smooth surface, only the neck being strongly costulate. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 271 153. U. CYCLOSTOMA (Pfeiffer). PL 62, figs. 38, 39, 40. Shell cylindric-subulate or fusiform-subulate, attenuate above, the apex entire and bulging, or narrowly truncate; thin ; corneous, usually with a rusty extraneous coat. Surface lustreless, sculptured with narrow, oblique, thread-like rib- lets, parted ~by spaces four or five times their width. Whorls slightly convex, , diam. 2% mm." (Morel). 163. U. PLICATA (Poey). PL 65, figs. 17, 18. Shell fusiform-turrete, the lower half somewhat swollen, 278 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. the penult, whorl usually widest, above which it tapers regu- larly, the upper part being much attenuated; the smooth apical whorls being a little swollen when retained. Thin, typically whitish corneous, but varying to golden brown; surface lustreless, sculptured with nearly straight lamellar ribs, parted by smooth intervals 4 or 5 times their width. Whorls very convex, the latter half of the last one free, de- scending and projecting, cylindric. Aperture slightly ob- lique, nearly circular, the peristome white, broadly reflexed. Axis slender, encircled by a low spiral cord. Length 12.3, diam. 2.2 mm. ; whorls 17. Length 8.7, diam. 1.7 mm. ; whorls 15. Western Cuba: Lomas de Candela, Guines (Poey) ; Sabana de Robles (Arango), both in Havana province. Cyl. plicata POEY, Mem. ii, p. 31, no. 25, pi. 2, f. 9, 10 (1857).— PFE., Malak. Bl. 1856, p. 225; Monogr., iv, p. 709; vi, p. 388. — ARANGO, Contrib., p. 127. — SOWERBY, C. Icon, xx, pi. 12, f. 105. Specimens which have lost the apex, have four or five whorls fewer. There is a good deal of variation in the size of the shell, but the lamellar ribs and attenuate spire are characteristic. Sometimes some spiral threads traverse the intervals between the ribs. U. scalarina has a more strongly sculptured shell than plicata, and U. blainiana differs by its larger size, less attenuate spire and dark color. In my opinion U. plicata should be ranked as a variety of U. philippiana, from which the more distant riblets alone distinguish it; but the differences between the two seem to be covered by inter- mediate forms in the series before me. The radula is long and narrow with 7.2.1.2.7 teeth, two or three outer ones on each side with merely a low ledge in place of cusps. The third tooth is abruptly smaller than the second (pi. 43, fig. 4). Gundlach found U. plicata at Santiago, the specimens being quite like those from Guines (see Mai. Blatter v, p. 186). I think they must have been accidentally introduced there. U. bahamensis may be a colony of this species, imported to New Providence within the historic period, and slightly changed by the new environment of a low islet. UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 279 164. U. SCALARINA (Shuttleworth)). PI. 65, figs. 3, 4. Shell fusiform-turrete, the lower half subcylindric, upper half strongly tapering, attenuate, the spire either entire or more often narrowly truncate; thin, whitish or brownish corneous. Surface without gloss, sculptured with strongly elevated subvertical lamellae, which are hollow, and parted by intervals of three or four times their width ; these intervals smooth except for several spiral threads, which run up on the anterior face of each lamella. Whorls very convex, sepa- rated by a deeply constricting suture, the last whorl becoming free, descending in a short neck. Aperture somewhat oblique, sub-circular, the peristome expanded and flatly re- flexed, white. Axis slender, with a very weak spiral trend. Length 10, diam. 2.2 mm.; whorls 17 (entire). Length 9, diam. 2.2 mm.; whorls 10 (truncate). Western Cuba: Yumuri Valley, near Mantanzas (Rugel) ; Sitio Perdido, in Jaruco, Havana Province (Clerch). Cyl. scalarina SH., Bern. Mittheil, 1852, p. 297 ; Diagn. n. Moll. no. 3, p. 37.— PFRV Malak. BL, 1854, p. 212; Conchyl. Cab., p. 50, pi. 5, f. 30-32; Monogr., iii, p. 479.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 127.: — SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, p. 9, f. 74. The ribs in this species are hollow, each being composed of twro laminae, as in Callonia, Idiostemma, etc. They are absent from the first six or seven whorls. The shell is usually white with the attenuate spire brown, but sometimes the brown tint extends to the last whorl. The radula has 5.2.1.2.5 teeth, the two inner laterals large, as usual in this group. The posterior angles of the basal-plates are thickened (pi. 43, fig. 5, central and first lateral in profile). 165. U. BAHAMENSIS (Pfeiffer) . PL 65, figs. 19, 20. " Shell not rimate, slenderly fusiform, truncate, rather thin, somewhat closely compressed-costate, corneous. Spire noticeably tapering above, truncate, whorls remaining 9, moderately convex, the last free, shortly drawn out, cylin- dric. Aperture oblique, subcircular; peristome equally and narrowly expanded throughout. Length 8.75, diam. 2.25, diam. apert. 1.5 mm." (Pfr.) 280 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Bahamas: Nassau, New Providence (Poey). Cyl. bakamensis PFR., Malak. Bl., vii, 1860, p. 214, pi. 2, f. 8-11; Monogr., vi, p. 381.— CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conch., 1870, pp. 11, 25 (teeth and jaw). Stands nearest to C. dominicensis, but is more lengthened, and the last whorl is not compressed " (P/V.). I have not seen typical bahamensis, of which the original description and figures are copied. Var. providentia Pils. n. v. PI. 65, figs. 21, 22. Many specimens from Nassau before me differ from Pfeiffer's description in being larger, with coarser and more spaced ribs. On the fourth whorl from the base there are 15 to 17 ribs, parted by intervals about three times their width; on the last whorl or two the ribs are more widely spaced. The shell is dull white, opaque, with some indistinct gray mottling. The neck is moderately long; the lip is flatly reflexed and rather wide. The axis is nearly straight. Out of twenty-two specimens, only one retains the apex entire, nearly all being rather widely truncate. Length 12.5, diam. 2.4 mm.; whorls I9y2 (entire). Length 12, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 11. Length 9.8, diam. 2.3 mm. ; whorls 9. This form is very closely related to U. plicata of western Cuba. The Haitian dominicensis, with which Pfeiffer com- pares bahamensis, belongs to Brachypodella. The radula of var. providentia has 5.2.1.2.5 teeth, similar to those of U. plicata, but the posterior angles of the basal-plates of the centrals are thickened into bosses, more than in plicata. Per- haps U. bahamensis, Bidimulus sepidcralis and Zachrysia provisoria in New Providence were imported there years ago from Havana, with plants or in some similar manner. I doubt that their presence is due to natural causes. 166. U. BLAINIANA (' Gundl, ' Pfr.). PL 65, figs. 5, 6, 7, 8. Shell cylindric-turrete, the upper third or half rapidly tapering to the smooth yellowish apex (which is sometimes deciduous; thin, dark brown with a gleam of red-gold in the high-light, sculptured with straight, slightly oblique, snow- URqCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 281 white ribs, which are hollow, rounded at their summits, and parted by intervals of double their width. Whorls moderately convex, the latter half of the last free, descending in a round, contracted neck. Aperture slightly oblique; circular, brown, the peristome being rather broadly reflexed, white above, brown below. Axis straight, slender, encircled by a single simple spiral cord, not spinose even in the upper whorls. In some whorls a second very weak cord appears above it (pi. 64, fig. 14). Length 12, diam. 2.9 mm.; whorls 13 (entire). Length 12, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 10 (truncate). Western Cuba: Pan de Guajaybon, Pinar del Rio (Gund- lach, Wright). Cyl. blainiana Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, p. 13 ; Novit. Conch., p. 252, pi. 63, f . 30-35 ; Monogr., vi, p. 379.— ARANGO, Contrib., p. 119. — C. scopulosa Gundl. on labels. — ? C. scopulorum GdL, SCHAUFUSS in Paetel's Catal., p. 68. This species presents the most extraordinary parallelism to U. (Callonia) dautzenbergiana in the dull luster of the maroon surface, set with snow-white, hollow riblets. The spire is shaped as in Macroceramus, the postnepionic whorls not being contracted as" in other species of this group. Figs. 5, 6 are copied from Pfeiffer ; figs. 7, 8 are from Guajaybon examples. I have not examined the dentition. Var. aurea Pils. (pi. 65, fig. 13) . Differs by its light golden brown color, narrower and more widely-spaced ribs, and the noticeably more slender form. Species of unknown systematic position. Probably all the following belong to Gongylostoma in the wide sense, and if so are from western or perhaps central Cuba: U. LUCENS ('Wright' Sowerby). Vol. XVI, PL 11, fig. 73. " Shell subpyramidal, narrow, whitish, semi-pellucid; whorls 12, gradually increased, convex, last rather narrow, a little unwound; aperture rather round, depressed above, cuneate " (Sowb.). 282 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. Cuba (Wright, in Brit. Mus.). Cyl. lucens Wright mss. B. M., SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 16,1135 (1875). It is about 10 mm. long. Type is still in the British Museum. U. MORELETI (Pfeiffer). Vol. XVI, PL 11, figs. 80, 81. Shell subrimate, somewhat fusiform-cylindric, smooth, glossy, pellucid, corneous- whitish ; spire subcylindric, the suture elegantly white-denticulate. Whorls 11, but slightly convex, the last ornamented with a reddish line ascending at the suture; costulate anteriorly; shortly free, the base rounded; aperture somewhat oblique, circular ; peristome whit- ish, narrowly expanded throughout. Length 20, diam. 4 mm. ; diam. of aperture 4 mm. (Pfr.) . Cyl. moreleti PFR., Monogr., iii. p. 566 (1853) ; Conchyl. Cab. , p. 16, pi. 2, f . 26, 27.— SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 7, f. 59. Not C. moreleti Desh., see p. 38. Described from Cumingian specimens, the habitat of which was unknown. The reddish band suggests relationship to U. colorata and its allies. The name is apparently preoccupied by Deshayes. U. SAGRAIANA (Pfeiffer). Vol. XVI, PL 11, figs. 87, 88. Shell truncate, subcylindric, thin, pale corneous, lamellose- plicate, plicae distant, nearly straight, alternating. Whorls 9, convex, the last angular below, a little built forward. Aper- ture suborbicular, the peristome thin, spreading. Length 13, diam. 4 mm. ; diam. of aperture 2% mm. (Pfr.). Western Cuba: Coffee plantation Fundador, near Matanzas . Cyl. perplicatz Fer., PFR., Wiegm. Archiv f. Naturg., 1840, i, p. 41 ; in Philippi, Abbild., i, p. 182, pi. 1, f . 14.— C. sag- raiana PFR., Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1846, p. 120; Monogr., ii, p. 378; Conchyl. Cab., p. 28, pi. 4, f. 4-6. Known only by a single dead shell found by Pfeiffer in the neighborhood of El Fundador on the Canimar. It has not again been encountered, and the internal structure is un- UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 283 known. It is probably related to crispula, coronadoi and their allies. U. DENTICULATA (Pfeiffer). Vol. XVI, PL 13, figs. 12, 13. Shell very slightly rimate, subulate, not truncate, thin, the surface undulated with obtusely projecting arcuate lines ; pale corneous, variegated with whitish; spire long, the apex rather acute; suture closely denticulate with white. Whorls 19, rather flat, the last rib-striate in front ; base carinate ; not built forward. Aperture subcircular, the peristome ex- panded, somewhat interrupted above. Length 23, diam. 3.66, aperture 3.75 mm. long (Pfr.). Mexico (Cuming Coll). Cylindrella denticulata PFRV Monogr., iii, p. 580 (1853) ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 65, pi. 7, f. 14, 15. — SOWERBY in Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 3, f. 22. — Macroceramus denticulatus Pfr., FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 424. — MAR- TENS, Biologia Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 289. Prof, von Martens with good reason doubts the habitat assigned to this species on the perilous authority of a Cumin- gian label. The incomplete peristome and entire apex sug- gest such forms of Tomelasmus as U. acus or irrorata. Similar sutural papillae occur in U. hidalgoi and various other Cuban species; but until the interior is examined no estimate of its affinities can be made. It is not likely to be a Microceramus. U. MULTISPIRALIS (Sowerby). Vol. XVI, PL 11, fig. 82. ' * Shell very long, narrow, fawn ; whorls 24, rather straight ; last loosened some length. Aperture distant, subovate " (Sowb., C. Icon., xx, pi. 9, f. 79; 1875). Habitat unknown. A shell resembling U. lateralis is indi- cated. Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton inform me that it is not in their collection, and Mr. Edgar A. Smith states that it cannot be found in the collection of the British Museum. The two genera now following, Spirostemma and Anoma, agree with Urocoptis in (1) the general structure of the shell, (2) the V-shaped rows of teeth, of which the centrals are 284 SPIROSTEMMA. narrow and unicuspid, and the laterals have expanded meso- cones and ectocones subterminal on the basal-plates, and (3) the jaw is delicate and plaited. They differ from Urocoptis in (1) the very much smaller size of the teeth and their vastly greater number, and (2) the cusps of the teeth, which present the extraordinary feature of being serrate at the cutting Both genera are Jamaican. The rank and affinities of neither have hitherto been recognized. They may be distin- guished thus : SPIROSTEMMA. Pillar-shaped, widely truncate at the sum- mit; dull red or brown in color. Last whorl with a strong keel denning a concave basal area. Axis slender, cork-screw twisted in the last whorl or more, where it adheres to the lateral walls of the shell ; and it is never thickened or truncate below. Aperture rounded above, the peristome continuous. Terrestrial. ANOMA. Fusiform, or at least rapidly tapering above to a narrow truncation; surface glossy, often variegated with bands or stripes; basal keel variable. Axis straight above, often slightly twisted and calloused or truncate below. Aper- ture truncate above, the peristome interrupted there. Arboreal. Genus SPIROSTEMMA Pilsbry & Vanatta. Spirostemma P. & V., Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1898, pp. 270, 275 (July 12, 1898) ; type " U. rubra C.B. Ad. "== 8. inusitata Vend. — Anoma in part, PFR., Nomencl. Hel. Viv., p. 275 (1878). The shell is pillar-shaped or cylindric- fusiform, broadly truncate, monochromatic, brown or reddish, striate through- out, dull or hardly glossy ; the last whorl is strongly carinate below, the keel bounding a concave basal area. The aperture is oblique, rounded-ovate, more or less angular at the termi- nation of the keel. The peristome is obtuse and expanded or reflexed, continuous, arcuate and free or adherent above. The internal axis is coiled cork-screw like, at least in the later whorls or the last one. The protoconch is pupiform, with SPIROSTEMMA. 285 3y% whorls, weakly ribbed vertically, the last smoother, the line of union with the after-growth distinct (Vol. XVI, pi. 11, fig. 89, 8. inusitata). The teeth of the radula are very numerous and extremely minute, placed in V-shaped rows. The central tooth in each row is very narrow, with a denticulate or serrate cusp, smaller than the ectocones of the lateral teeth. The lateral teeth have the mesocone expanded, with a straightly truncate, closely serrate cutting edge; ectocone smaller, with the edge serrate or nearly smooth. All of the side teeth are of substantially the same shape, and they are very numerous, the count exceed- ing 50.1.50. [In 8. princeps (pi. 43, fig. 10, a group of four laterals) the ectocones are rather long, narrow and smooth on the inner teeth, bifid on the outer (fig. 9). In 8. inusitata from Swift River (pi. 43, figs. 11, 12) the central tooth has a single notch in the cusp, and the adjacent marginal teeth have simple, conic, short ectocones; the lateral teeth farther out (fig. 11) have the ectocones serrate. In 8. tenella from west of Ocho Rios the teeth are decidedly smaller, narrow and crowded, with the cusps subterminal on the basal-plates, and all are serrate (pi. 43, fig. 13).] Jaw and soft anatomy unknown. The shells are illustrated on plates 34a to 37 ; the teeth on pi. 43, figs. 9 to 13. The specimen I figured in 1898 as " U. rubra," for the type of this genus is not that species, but 8. inusitata Vendr. In its most advanced type, represented by U. tenella and allied species, the axis is like a cork-screw, or a spiral stair- way around a central well, which may be seen on looking into the aperture from below. In the group of U. princeps, the central hole may still usually be seen, though smaller. In U. dunkeri the axis is hardly spiral beyond the last whorl. As in other Urocoptince the axis is a solid style. This genus is closely related to Anoma, which has the same type of teeth; but in Anoma the peristome is not continuous above, the aperture being truncate there ; the shell is more or less swollen, instead of being pillar-shaped, and it is glossy, usually more or less variegated or bright-colored; moreover, 286 SPIROSTEMMA. in Anoma the axis, while twisted, is not distinctly spiral, as it is in Spirostemma. The Spirostemmas live on the ground in thickets, and from their shape and color look like the pieces of broken twigs among which they live, so that they are likely to escape notice unless especially looked for. They occur in most parts of the interior of Jamaica, and the genus is like Anoma in being locally differentiated into a large number of species and races, characterized by small but apparently rather constant differ- ences, the main variation among individuals of any one place being in size. The geographic ranges of part of the described forms are unknown, owing to Professor Adams' unwilling- ness to state the localities of his types. The characters of part of the species have been but inadequately described. These two circumstances, together with the great similarity of the shells, render the determination of species difficult and uncertain. I. Axial well or false umbilicus visible in the aperture viewed- from below as a large hole. Group of 8. tenella, species no. 12 to 15. II. False umbilicus not visible in the aperture, or only as a small hole. Group of S. dunkeri, species no. 1 to 11. Group of S. dunkeri. When some of these are better known they may prove to belong to the group of S. tenella. Last whorl very shortly or not free, the peristome adherent to preceding whorl above, or nearly so. No. 1. S. dunkeri. Length 6 to 7 times the diam. ; 15.3 x 2.7 to 20x29 mm., whorls 10y2-12y2; brown; greatest diam. at or below the middle. St. Catharine, St. Elizabeth and Clarendon. No. 2. 8. alia. No. 3. 8. bellevuensis. Length 4% times the diam. ; 13 x 3 mm., whorls 10; light brown; widest at the lower third. Bellevue, St. Andrew. Peristome free above, the last whorl built forward. No. 1. 8. dunkeri. Last whorl only very shortly free. See above. SPIROSTEMMA. 287 No. 4. 8. princeps. Length 7 times the diam.; 24-25x3.5- 3.7 mm., 111/^-12 whorls; cylindric, with flat whorls and seam-like suture; brown; keel very strong; last whorl well projecting. Interior of western Portland. No. 5. 8. carinata. Length 5% times diam. ; 22 x 4 mm., whorls 12 ; fleshy-fulvous ; last whorl shortly free. No. 6. 8. inusitata. Length nearly 6 times the diam. ; 17-18 x 3-3.1 mm., with 11-12 whorls ; reddish or pale brown ; widest at or below the middle ; aperture free in front. Western Portland. No. 7. 8. ipswichensis. Length from 5 to 6 times the diam. ; 13-15.7x2.3-2.7 mm., whorls 10y3-12; red-brown or pinkish. Ipswich, St. Elizabeth. No. 8. 8. rubra. Length 5y2 times the diam.; 20.5x3.75 mm. ; deep red ; greatest diam. at or above the middle. No. 9. 8. cognata. Length 5 times the diam. ; 15 x 3 mm. ; whorls 11-12; pale brown; widest below the middle; •last whorl free and descending in front; aperture very oblique. St. Andrew, in the mountains. No. 10. 8. similis. Length 5 times the diam. ; 12 x 2.3 mm. ; pale brown ; last whorl quite shortly free. No. 11. 8. intermedia. Length 13 mm.; whorls 11; brown; aperture shortly free. 1. S. DUNKERI (Pfeiffer). PL 36, figs. 62-65; 67-75. Shell cylindric or pillar-shaped, slightly and slowly taper- ing above, brown or dark reddish-brown. Surface nearly lusterless, sculptured with oblique, slightly arcuate riblets, which are about half as wide as their intervals. Whorls about 12, but slightly convex, the last strongly carinate below, noticeably concave above the keel, very shortly or not free in front. Aperture very oblique, inverted ovate, being angular below with a corresponding gutter within. Peristome obtuse, narrowly reflexed, continuous, free above or against the pre- ceding whorl. Internal axis strongly spiral in the last whorl only, nearly straight in the others (fig. 67). Length 19.5, diam. 3.2 mm.; whorls ll1^ (Bogwalk). Length 20, diam. 2.9 mm.; whorls 12^ (Stanmore). 288 SPIROSTEMMA. Length 17, diam. 2.8 mm. ; whorls engt , am. 2.8 mm.; whorls 12% » Length 15.3, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 10% j ( Jamaica: Interior of the parishes of St. Catherine at Bog- walk (Johnson and Fox, Henderson), and Watermount (Jar- vis) ; Clarendon, at Teak Pen (Jarvis) ; St. Elizabeth at Stanmore (Jarvis). Cyl dunkeri PFR. in Philippi, Abbild., ii, p. 51, pi. 2, f. 9 (Oct. 1845). — C. dunkeriana PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 383; iii, 580; iv, 711; vi, 359. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, species no. 69, pi. 8, f. 79. — JOHNSON & Fox, Nautilus v, p. 34. — GLOYNE J. de Conch., 1875, p. 122 (St. Anne).— C. rubra C.B.Ad., HENDERSON, Nautilus viii, p. 19, no. 96 (Bogwalk). This species differs from U. princeps by its straighter axis and less projecting basal keel, and by the scarcely produced last whorl, which in princeps is built forward, carrying the aperture free of the preceding whorl. Figures 64, 65 are copies of the original figures in Philippi 's Ablildungen; 62, 63 are figures subsequently published by Pfeiffer. Figures 67-71 represent specimens from Bogwalk. 2. S. ALTA (Sowerby). PL 36, fig. 66. " Shell narrow, elongated, red, very slowly attenuated; whorls raised smooth, very straight, the last rather convex, keeled below, excavated under the keel ; aperture perpendic- ularly ovate. A narrow shell with straighter whorls than C. carinata, with the keel on the last whorl less prominent. " Cyl. cylindrus Chemnitz, SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 8, f. 68 (1875) =C. alt a SOWERBY, Index to Monogr. of Cylin- drella. The synonymy given by Mr. Sowerby betrays some lack of that punctilious regard for accuracy which should character- ize the monographer. The figure reminds me of the Bogwalk form of S. dunkeri. 3. S. BELLEVUENSIS Pilsbry, n.n. PI. 34a, figs. 7, 8. " Shell rim ate, cylindrical, nearly white, under a light brown epidermis, which becomes paler towards the apex; the spire widens very gently from the base of the penult, whorl SPIROSTEMMA. } 289 to about one-third above it, where the greatest diameter is reached, and thence it tapers to the truncate apex; apex truncate with the loss of 8 to 9 whorls, whorls remaining 10, less deep and less flattened than on dunkeriana, the first two above the base subangular about the periphery, the last more strongly carinated than in dunkeriana, with the carina con- tinued down to the base of the aperture; striae very strong, compact and wavy, extending across the whorls to the very edge of the well-impressed suture; aperture oblique like that of dunkeriana, but the peristome is thinner and is appressed above to the penult whorl. Height 13 mm., greatest breadth at the slender part of the spire 3 mm. ' ' ( Vendryes) . Jamaica: Bellevue, near Stony Hill, in the parish of Saint Andrews (Vendryes; Gloyne). Cylindrella (Anoma) propinqua VEND., Nautilus xv, p. 3, pi. 1, f. 7, 8 (May 1, 1901). Not C. propinqua Arango. " The shell comes near to dunkeriana, but it has 10 whorls which are less planulate than on that species, and the striation is rather coarser and less regular; the color of dunkeriana is also different. Gloyne, in Journ. de Conch., vol. xx, reports it as similis from Bellevue. Bland had identified them with great doubt as similis. On closer examination they turned out to be unlike similis or any other Jamaican species of Anoma " (Vendryes). This form may belong to the tenella group. I have not seen specimens. / 4. S. PRINCEPS (C. B. Adams). PI. 36, figs. 76-80. Shell pillar-like, but slightly tapering near the broadly truncate summit, brown, darker at the suture, or corneous- brown throughout; finely, obliquely striate. Whorls about 11% to 12, flat, the last contracted above the very strongly projecting basal keel; produced forward. Aperture inverted- ovate, somewhat oblique, angular at the base; the peristome reflexed. Internal axis moderately spiral, the false umbilicus not visible in the aperture, or showing as a very small hole. Length 24, diam. 3.5 mm. Length 24.5, diam. 3.7 mm. 290 SPIROSTEMMA. Jamaica : Swift River head, St. George district of Port- land parish (C. B. Adams). Cyl. princeps C. B. A. Contrib. no. 9, p. 167 (April, 1851). — Pm, Monogr., iii, p. 580; iv, 711; vi, 359; vii, 434. The largest species of the group, apparently distinct by its flat whorls, strong basal keel, and projecting aperture. The suture is seam-like, projecting rather than impressed, the smooth keel visible above it. 5. S. CARINATA (Pfeiffer). PL 35, figs. 50, 51. Shell slightly rimate, subcylindrical, tapering above, trun- cate, obliquely striate, with a silken luster, fleshy-fulvous. Whorls remaining 12, rather flattened, the last shortly free, compressed-carinate at the base. Aperture oblique, oval, an- gular at the base, the peristome shortly expanded through- out. Length 22, diam. 4 mm.; aperture 4 mm. long, 3 wide (Pfr). Cyl. carinata PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 68 ; Monogr., iii; p. 571. — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 8, f. 67. Habitat unknown (Mus. Cuming). The description and Sowerby's figure indicate a shell sim- ilar to 8. princeps, but with a larger aperture and greater diameter. 6. S. INUSITATA (Vendryes). PI. 34a, figs. 1, 2. "Shell much elongated, cylindrical, rimate, somewhat shin- ing and transparent, color light brown; spire slightly taper- ing both above and below its greatest diameter, which is about the middle; truncate with the loss of 7 to 8 whorls, whorls remaining 11 to 12, planulate, shouldered by an early obsolete angle, the last detached and descending, strongly carinated at the base, the carina extending to the back of the aperture; stria waved, strong and compact, crossing the whorl obliquely and continued up to and many crossing over the edge of the suture, which appears fringed here and there by their intrusion; aperture like that of dunkeriana, but rather larger in proportion to the shell, and less oblique than in that species, well produced over the penult, whorl. Height 18 mm., greatest breadth above the middle of the SPIROSTEMMA. 291 spire, 3y2 mm.; aperture, 3 mm. high, 2% mm. wide." (Vend.) Jamaica: Upper Leighton, near Spring Garden Estate, in the St. George District of Portland parish in the mountains (Mr. Bancroft) ; Swift River, near Hope Bay, Portland (Wm. J. Fox). Cylindrella (Anoma) inusitata VENDRYES. Nautilus xv, p. 1, pi. 1, f. 1, 2 (May, 1901).— C. rubra C.B.Ad., JOHNSON, Nautilus v, 1891, p. 34 ; PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 275, pi. 18, f. 12 (axis). "This species is remarkable for its produced and detached aperture, placing it in the same group to which princeps belongs. ' ' Specimens from Swift River, Portland collected by W. J. Fox and C. W. Johnson in 1891 agree fairly with Vendryes' description. They vary from reddish-brown to pale corneous- brown, and one is white. The upper third or half tapers slowly, and the greatest diameter is at or sometimes below the middle. The axis is only slightly sinuous, and no false umbilicus is visible in the aperture from below. The aperture is slightly angular below, and the peristome is white and free. Specimens measure 17 to 18 x 3 to 3.1 mm., with 11 to 11% whorls. The apical whorls are delicately ribbed (Vol. XVI, pi. 11, fig. 89). 7. S. IPSWICHENSIS n. sp. PL 35, figs, 52, 53, 54. Shell slender, pillar-shaped, the upper third or fourth slowly tapering, thin, red-brown or pinkish. Surface hardly shining, finely and closely striate. Whorls 11 to 12, hardly convex, the last one tapering, very strongly carinate be- neath, concave above the keel; produced forward. Aperture oblique, subcircular, but a trifle longer than wide, peristome white or pale brownish, continuous and free, well reflexed and somewhat thickened, evenly arcuate throughout. Internal axis rather strongly sinuous throughout, reinforced by an ad- jacent basal lamella within the front and left side of the last whorl. Length 15.7, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 11%. Length 15, diam. 2.3 mm.; whorls 292 SPIROSTEMMA. Length 13, diam. 2.3 mm.; whorls 10%. Jamaica: Ipswich, in the interior of St. Elisabeth parish (Henderson and Simpson). A larger species than 8. similis, with the basal keel much stronger. In 8. ipswichensis the length is between 5 and 6 times the diameter. 8. S. RUBRA (C. B. Adams). Shell red, cylindrical, similar to the preceding [C. cumingii =Brachypodella elongata] but more finely striate, widely truncate; whorls remaining 12, not very convex; aperture subovate, expanding in a rather thin lip; last whorl acutely carinate. Length .82, width .15 inch [20.5x3.75 mm.]. It is perhaps a variety of C. dunkeri Pfr., but differs in having the greatest diameter at or above the middle of the shell, while in the latter it is at the lower third, above which the shell tapers regularly. C. rubra is larger, has coarser striae, and is always deep red (C.B.Ad.). Jamaica. Cyl. cylindrus C.B.A., Synops. Conch. Jam., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1845, p. 14 (preoc.) = C. rubra C. B. A., Contrib. no. 2, p. 23 (Oct., 1849). The original account is given above. I have not identi- fied the species. 9. S. COGNATA (Vendryes). PI. 34a, figs. 3, 4. "Shell rimate, cylindrical, elongated, color very light pale brown ; spire tapering from the last whorl to the summit ; apex truncate, with the loss of 7 to 8 whorls, whorls remaining 11 to 12, subplanulate, slightly shouldered, the last detached and descending, strongly carinated at the base, carina continued to the back of the aperture; strige very strong and compact, irregularly spaced and waved here and there, some crossing over the sutures from one whorl to the other; aperture as in inusitata, but less elliptical, well produced beyond the penult whorl. Height, 15 mm. ; greatest breadth, 3 mm. ; aperture, 21/2 mm. high, 214 mm. wide." (Vendryes). Jamaica: Government cinchona plantations, in the moun- tains of St. Andrew, about 3,500 ft. above sea level (Mr. Hart) . Cylindrella (Anoma) cognata VEND., Nautilus xv, p. 1, pi. 1, f. 3, 4 (May 1, 1901). SPIROSTEMMA. 293 The aperture is very oblique, as in the tenella group. 10. S. SIMILIS (C. B. Adams). PL 35, figs. 47, 48, 49. Shell pillar-shaped, the upper third or fourth of the length tapering, pale brown, minutely and closely striate. Whorls 10-101/2, the earlier ones convex, later whorls less so, the last whorl carinate below, quite shortly free in front. Aperture oblique, subcircular, the lip well reflexed, wider above and on the left side. Internal axis rather strongly spiral in the last 4 whorls. Length 12, diam. 2.3 mm. ; whorls 10% . Jamaica. Cyl. similis C.B.AD., Contrib. no. 2, p. 23 (Oct. 1849). — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 580 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 68, pi. 7, f . 24-26. — GLOYNE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1875, p. 122. The description and figures 47-49 are from specimens re- ceived from Adams. Pfeiffer has figured a similar shell. The outline of the aperture is but slightly modified by the basal keel, but often the peristome is somewhat produced in the middle of the columellar margin, and perceptibly less arcuate on each side of this slight lobe (fig. 49), giving the mouth a characteristic contour, even though the departure from the circular form is but slight. The last whorl is pro- duced forward less than in U. elatior. Adams' original account follows: "Cylindrella similis is perhaps another variety of C. dunkeri Pfr., but is much smaller, has the aperture less angulated anteriorly, angulated at the left end of the upper side, and the lip is much more arched above; the striation is finer in proportion to the size; 9 or 10 whorls are lost by truncation, and 12 remain. Length .475 inch., breadth .09 inch." Gloyne reports finding two specimens above Newcastle. 11. S. INTERMEDIA (Sowerby). Vol. XVI, pi. 11, fig. 74. * ' Shell cylindrical, high, narrow, brown, contracted towards the apex; permanent whorls 11, striated, rather straight. Aperture a little disjoined, large, obliquely ovate; margin thick/' (Sowb.). C. intermedia SOWB., C. Icon, xx, pi. 10, f. 91 (1875). Ha.bitat unknown; type in coll. Sowerby. I refer it to 294 SPIROSTEMMA. Spirostemma with a good deal of doubt, as the basal keel is not mentioned in the description, though shown in the figure. It is 13 nun. long. Group of S. tenella. False umbilicus large as seen in the aperture from the base. I. Last whorl built forward carrying the aperture free of the preceding; length 20-23 mm. 8. elatior, no. 12. 11. Peristome either adnate above or barely free; basal area very small; shell smaller. 1. Aperture contracted by a callous nodule on the parietal wall near the columella. S. abnormis, no. 14. 2. No parietal nodule. a. Length 10-12 mm*, whorls 9-13. 8. tenella, no. 13. b. Length 7-9 mm. 8. tenera, no 13a. c. Length 6 mm. ; whorls 7-8. S. pusilla, no. 15. 12. S. ELATIOR (C. B. Adams). PL 37, figs. 80, 81, 82r 83, 94. "This is also a larger shell than C. dunkeri, thicker, and strongly striated, with the whorls more planulate; it is much longer and more slender than C. rubra. Length .93 inch, breadth .13 inch [23.2x3.2 mm.] (Adams). Jamaica: Westmoreland (Adams). Cyl. elatior C.B.A., Contrib. to Conch, no. 9, p. 167 (April, 1851). — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 580. BLAND, Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. Y., vi, p. 150, pi. 5, f. 19. This is an almost exactly cyUndric shell except that the upper fourth or less of the length tapers. It is roseate, with the whorls barely convex, almost flat, the last one acutely carinate as usual, and shortly built forward. The aperture is decidedly oblique, very shortly or roundly oval, the lip old Isabella tinted. The axis is very strongly spiral through- out the greater part of the shell, "like a spiral stairway con- structed with a conical well-hole instead of a column." This central well may be seen as a large hole by looking into the aperture from below, as in 8. tenella. Specimens meas- ure, 20.7 x 3 mm., whorls 13V2 ; 19 x 3 mm., whorls 12. SPIROSTEMMA. 295 13. S. TENELLA (C. B. Adams). PL 37, figs. 88-91. Shell slender, cylindric-fusiform, widest at or above the middle, tapering towards the summit, and slightly so to the last whorl; pale brownish corneous, thin, and slightly trans- lucent, or red-brown and opaque. Surface glossy, obliquely striate, the striae obtuse and not so wide as their intervals. Whorls usually 11 to 13, almost flat, the suture margined above ; last whorl strongly carinate below, the basal area small. Aperture very oblique, ovate-rounded, narrower below ; peris- tome white, narrowly expanded and subreflexed, the upper margin adnate to the preceding whorl, or shortly built forward. Internal pillar forming a wide, open spiral, cork- screw-like, in the last two or three whorls, upwards becoming progressively less twisted. Looking in the aperture from the base, a wide false umbilicus, about one-third the diam. of the shell, may be seen. (fig. 91). Length 12, diam. 2 mm. ; whorls 13. Length 11, diam. 2 mm. ; whorls 11%. Length 10.3, diam. 1.8 mm.; whorls 11 (Troy). Length 11.5, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 11 ) /T .,,, ,-,. N Li in j- «r i i n > (Little River). Length 10, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 9 j v Length 12.5, diam. 2 mm.; whorls 11% (W. of Ocho Rios). Jamaica: Troy, in St. Elizabeth Parish (P. W. Jarvis) ; Bogwalk, St. Catherine; west of Ocho Rios and St. Ann's, St. Ann; Falmouth, (Henderson), and Claremont (Jarvis), in Trelawny; Montego Bay and Little River, St. James (Hen- derson and Simpson) . Cyl. tenella CBA., Contrib. to Conch, no. 2, p. 23 (Oct. 1849).— PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 580; Conchyl. Cab. p. 68, pi. 8, f. 13-15 (C. tenelle). — SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 11, f. 101.— BLAND, Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. Y. vi, p. 150.— HENDER- SON, Nautilus viii, p. 19, no. 97. — GLOYNE, J. de Conchyl. 1875, p. 122. (Deny, in northern Manchester). Cyl. tenera C.B.A., I. c. A widely distributed species in central and northern Jamaica. It varies a good deal in color, striation and size, some shells, as at Troy, being corneous and glossy, while at most places on the northern coast the shells are ' red-brown and more strongly striate. 296 SPIROSTEMMA. Var. tenera C.B.Ad. "also resembles C. dunkeri in color and C. rubra in form. It is very small, has the aperture orbicu- lar, and the striation microscopic. It loses 6 whorls by trun- cation and has 10 remaining. Length .28 inch., breadth .055 inch." (C.B.Ad.). Some specimens before me, probably referable to this variety, are larger, length 8.4, diam. 1.8 mm. (pL 37, figs. 92, 93). 14. S. ABNORMIS (Vendryes). PI. 34a, figs. 5, 6. "Shell deeply rimate, cylindrically elongated, color brown with a very slight tint of yellowish- red, shining ; spire broadly truncate with the loss of — whorls, whorls remaining 9, the last and the three following it are more drawn out and con- sequently deeper than the remaining ones, the last is slightly narrower in diameter than the second, the second than the third, and the third than the fourth, thence the remaining whorls become less deep and gradually diminish in diameter to the truncated apex, so that the outline of the shell presents the form of a long, narrow, drawn-out purse, somewhat bulg- ing about the middle, and thence tapering towards the bot- tom; whorls slightly convex, obtusely angulated at the peri- phery, sculptured with strong, thick lamella-like costulae cross- ing the whorls obliquely, generally curvilinear, irregular in some places and wavy here and there, extending to the very shoulder of the whorls, the last whorl with a prominent carina which extends to the back of the base of the aperture close to the peristome; suture well incised; aperture inclining to the right, the plane very oblique, peristome thick, nearly white, smooth and shining, reflected all around, with a very large, strong, elevated knob close over the spot where the columellar lip should merge into the columella, and apparently arched over the space of the entering rima beneath. Total length, 11 mm. ; greatest breadth at middle of spire, 3 mm. ; next above the aperture, 2 mm.; at the truncation, 2 mm." (Vendryes). Jamaica: Parish of St. Ann, near Brown's Town, among fine earth and vegetable debris from the roadsides. SPIROSTEMMA. 297 Cylindrella (Anoma) abnormis VEND., Nautilus xv, p. 3, pi. 1, f. 5, 6 (May 1, 1901). Described from a single specimen in coll. Vendryes, possi- bly a pathologic 8. tenella. The name has been used for a Cuban form but not defined, so this Jamaican form need not be renamed. 15. S. PUSILLA (C. B. Adams). PL 37, figs. 84-87. Shell very small, narrowly fusiform, widest in the middle, tapering towards both ends, pale brownish corneous. Striae delicate and narrower than the intervals. Whorls 7 to 8, moderately convex, the last angular around a very narrow concave basal area. Aperture very oblique, rounded; peri- stomo obtuse, slightly expanded, the upper margin adnate to the preceding whorl. Internal axis strongly spiral in the last two whorls, showing a wide corkscrew spiral when viewed from the base, in the aperture. Length 6, diam. 1.6 mm. Jamaica: Aenon Town, St. Ann (P. W. Jarvis). Cyl. pusilla C.B.A., Contrib. no. 7, p. 102 (April, 1850). — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 581. The smallest member of this group. It is related to 8. tenella, but differs by its smaller number of whorls and shorter, more fusiform contour. APPENDIX TO VOL XV. Genus ANISOSPIEA (see p. 24). A single individual of A. townsendi in alcohol, sent by Pro- fessor T. D. A. Cockerell, enables me to partially characterize this genus anatomically. It has hitherto been known by the shell only. The specimen was retracted deep in the shell, was quite hard, and could be removed entire only by the use of acid or by cutting the shell. As the preservation of the latter was desirable, I cut the back partly off and removed the soft parts as best I could, but not in condition to give any definite data upon the pallial organs or retractor muscles. The genitalia (pi. 63, fig. 55). The penis is very short and globose, its retractor and epiphallus inserted at the broad, flattened apex. It contains a very short, high pilaster. The retractor muscle of the penis is inserted on the floor of the lung, as usual. The epiphallus is at least four*times the length of the penis. The vas def erens is imbedded in the wall of the vagina for a short distance, but emerges and follows a sinuous course on the surface of the oviduct. The vagina is short and capacious, its cavity with the usual longitudinally plicate walls. The duct of the spermatheca is very long, only a little swollen distally. The ovotestis was not obtained. There is a stout muscle intimately attached to the upper por- tion of the vagina, but its other connections were not observed. It may be the right ocular retractor (fig. 55, m). The jaw is highly arched, rather thin, though far stronger than in Urocoptis, and densely, irregularly striate vertically. There is very slight projection or imbrication at some of tho striae (pi. 63, fig. 51, A. townsendi}. The radula is squarish as usual, its length about three times the breadth. Formula of teeth 27.1.28. The rows are (298) ANISOSPIRA. 299 nearly straight. All of the teeth have squarish basal-plates. Centrals with a large mesocone, slightly longer than the basal- plate, ectocones almost obsolete, merely overhanging slightly at the sides. Lateral teeth a little longer, but not wider than the centrals, with a large mesocone and small ectocone. To- wards the margins the basal-plates shorten, as usual, and the mesocones become proportionally somewhat longer. Neither cusp is bifid, even on the outer teeth, and there is nowhere any indication of an entocone (pi. 63, figs. 52, 53, 54, A. town- sendi) . The genitalia resemble Eucalodium in the long vas deferens, other characters being common to both Eucalodium and Ccelocentrum. The jaw is like that of Eucalodium, Archego- coptis, etc., being intermediate between the striate and plaited types, but more solid than the latter. The teeth are similar to those of Eucalodium and Ccelocentrum. The axis is a larger tube than in any Eucalodium, but smaller than in Coelo- centrum. Anisospira is therefore somewhat intermediate be- tween these two genera. Further information is needed on the free retractor muscles, which are not alike in Coelocentrum and Eucalodium. A. RECTICOSTA (Pfr.). Vol. xvi, pi. 11, figs. 83, 84. See p. 16. I am informed by Mr. H. Fulton that on open- ing a specimen of recticosta in the Sowerby and Fulton collec- tion, he found it to be an Anisospira. This specimen is 34 mm. long, with 8 whorls, the lower four forming a cylindric portion 11 mm. in diam., those above tapering so that the second whorl has a diam. of 7 mm. The color is waxy- white. The axial lamella makes two volutions. The shell is labelled " Mexico." I am indebted to Mr. Fulton for the foregoing details. The exact locality of the type specimen, from Cum- ing's collection (vol. xvi, pi. 11, figs. 83, 84, after Philippi) was unknown. The original description is given on p. 16. The species differs from var. townsendi by the longer taper of the spire, and the much greater width of the whorls from suture to suture. Probably the specimens recorded from Cualata, Colima (Win. Lloyd), belong to var. townsendi. Urocoptis (Brachypodella) reticosta Pfr., H. & A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., ii, 177, is a synonym. 300 CCELOCENTRUM, HOLOSPIRA. Var. TOWNSENDI Pilsbry & Cockerell, n. v. Vol. xvi, pi. 11, figs. 85, 86. Shell rimate, not perforate, cylindric, the upper fourth rather rapidly tapering, gray-white, rather thin. Surface lusterless, sculptured with rather coarse rib-striae, crowded, and about as wide as their intervals. There are about 3 striae to a millim. on the last whorl; about four on the middle whorls. Whorls convex, the last very shortly free in front, rounded below, the baso-peripheral keel barely indicated, not raised. Aperture nearly circular, oblique, the peristome con- tinuous, slightly expanded, very narrowly reflexed, whitish. Columella straight. Axis a small transparent white tube with white obliqve lines; noticeably swollen in each whorl; within the last three whorls bearing at its base an acute spiral lamella, 2y2 whorls long. Length 31, diam. 9.5 mm. ; whorls 8V&; longest (oblique) axis of aperture 7.7, width 7.4 mm. Western Mexico: Cualata, state of Colima (Prof. C. H. T. Townsend, July, 1902). This species tapers less above than most of those known. The sculpture is very much coarser than in A. liebmanni or dalli, about as in strebeli, but the riblets are more crowded. The internal lamella is longer than in any other species known. Soft anatomy described above. A. recticosta is a somewhat larger form, and tapers more gradually. In townsendi the last 5 whorls are of equal diam- eter, forming a cylinder, only the first three whorls tapering. The penult whorl is 3.5 mm. wide, from suture to suture, in front. There is no such basal angle as is described for A. rec- ticosta, and the rib-striaa continue undiminished on the base. Genus CCELOCENTRUM C. & F. CCELOCENTRUM FISTULARE (Morel.). See p. 41. Another synonym is C. acutispira Pfr., Paetel, Catalog, ii, p. 245 (1889), based upon C. arctispira Tristram; or rather, it is an error for that name. Genus HOLOSPIRA v. Mart. HOLOSPIRA COCKERELLI Dall. " Shell small, pupiform, blunt- tipped, with two smooth ARCHEGOCOPTIS. 301 nuclear and about a dozen subsequent whorls ; those following the nucleus are rather strongly obliquely ribbed with close set fine riblets which become fainter over the main body of the spire and reappear again on the last whorl; aperture entire, simple, rounded, but a little angular at the posterior outer corner; the umbilicus closed, the spire gradually enlarging to the eleventh whorl, then slightly attenuated. Alt. 12.5, max. diam. .32 mm." (Dall). New Mexico: In the debris of the Rio Grande at Mesilla (T. D. A. Cockerell). Holospira (Haplostemma) cockerelli DALL, Nautilus, xi, p. 62 (Oct., 1897). ' This is the second species of Haplostemma, and one of the smallest, if not the smallest, Holospira yet recorded." HOLOSPIRA ROEMERI (p. 97), var. minor STERKI, Nautilus, vi, p. 6 (nude name). — COCKERELL, Nautilus, xi, p. 136 (last four lines), based upon var. b BINNEY, Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 422 (" Smaller, more ventricose above; whorls 12, the last more briefly loosened; length 11, diam. above the middle 4 mm."). This form is merely an individual vari- ation. Genus ARCHEGOCOPTIS Pilsbry, 1903. Shell pillar-shaped, broadly truncate, with a flattened, steeply-sloping plug, and six to ten whorls in adults; the amputated early portion of the spire long and many-whorled, attenuate; protoconch of nearly 4 whorls, the first one high, turned down and smooth at the apex, elsewhere sculptured with irregularly-spaced vertical riblets; following whorls with groups of short riblets below the suture (pi. 41, fig. 69). Surface of the post-nepionic shell lusterless, densely sculp- tured with fine, waved, irregular stride (pi. 41, fig. 70). Whorls flattened, the last carinate below, shortly free in front. Aperture subcircular, the peristome continuous. Axis slen- der and straight, imperforate. Jaw arcuate, moderately strong, densely and irregularly striate vertically, 1.2 mm. long (pi. 63, fig. 46 X 60; fig. 47 X 300, A. crenata). Radula wide, of the usual proportions, with 21.1.21 teeth in 302 ARCHEGOCOPTIS. nearly straight transverse rows. Teeth of normal Helicid type, the basal-plates square, about as wide as long, or wider. Central teeth as large as the adjacent laterals, tricuspid, the mesocone large, with conic cusp slightly longer than the basal- plate; ectocones minute. Laterals similar but asymmetrical, with no trace of an entocone on any of the teeth. The mar- ginal teeth are merely shortened laterals, with rounded, simple mesocones, and small, simply conic ectocones, the cusps obsolete on the outermost teeth as usual (pi. 63, figs. -48, 49, 50, A. crenata) . Soft anatomy otherwise unknown. Distribution, western Haiti. Type Cylindrella crenata W. & M. (Archegocoptis, first of the cut-off race). The striate, not plaited jaw, and the normal, Helicid radula isolate Archegocoptis among Antillean genera of Urocoptida, and ally it to the continental genera Eucalodium } Anisospira, and their kin. By the structure of its slender axis, and of the steeply-sloping plug at the summit Archegocoptis stands nearest Eucalodium; but in the latter genus there is usually a minute axial perforation, while Archegocoptis has an imper- forate axis. The exact affinities of Archegocoptis to the vari- ous other genera of Eucalodiince will be determined by the structure of the free retractor muscles and other soft parts, which cannot be worked out from the dry specimens in my possession, which were collected by Mr. J. B. Henderson, Jr., at Jeremie, Haiti. Whether the genus is to be regarded as a remnant of the original stock of Antillean Urocoptidce, retain- ing the archaic type of mouth parts, or is a later immigrant from the continent, it is at present impossible to decide. Key to species of Archegocoptis. 1. Basal keel very strongly projecting; peristome hardly expanded. A. eximia. 2. Basal keel a moderately strong cord ; peristoine expanded and somewhat reflexed. A. crenata. 1. A. EXIMIA (Pfeiffer). PL 38, figs. 1-4; pi. 41, figs. 67, 68, 69, 70. Shell cylindric below, the upper half or two-thirds slowly tapering to a rather wide truncation, closed by a steeply slop- ARCHEGOCOPTIS. 303 ing, convex plug. Purple-brown, the upper whorls and latter part of the last dull red, the whole more or less covered with a whitish or light brown coat of very fine, short striae, which give the shell a dingy or dusty appearance; specimens de- nuded of this being dark purple or red ; suture usually marked with a white line. Surface lustreless, minutely and densely sculptured with very fine, wavy, interrupted striae; a row of pits above the suture and some irregular spots elsewhere free of striae. Whorls 8 to 9%, nearly flat, the last shortly built forward, and having the base encircled by a narrow, very strongly projecting keel, below which the striae are obsolete. Aperture subcircular, oblique, the peristome pale and but slightly expanded. Axis slender and straight. Length 31, diam. 8 mm. ; whorte 8. Length 32, diam. 7.4 mm. ; whorls 9%. Haiti: Aux Cayes (C. Ross) ; Jeremie (Rolle). Cyl. eximia PFR., Malak. BL, iv, 1857, p. 232; Monogr., iv, p. 694 ; vi, 363 ; Novit. Conch., iii, p. 439, pi. 97, f . 30-32 ; Mai. Blatt., xxiii, 1876, p. 215; 1869, p. 91.— CROSSE, J. de C., 1868, p. 347; 1891, p. 137, pi. 1, f. 5, 6.— SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 1, f. 6 (gay). — Helix (Cochlodina) petiveriana FER., Tabl. Syst., p. 61, no. 498 (1822 ?), based upon poor and not certainly identifiable figures. The peculiar sculpture is characteristic. It is related to A. crenata, but differs in the far stronger basal keel, the smaller aperture and less expanded peristome, and the clear- cut sculpture. The specimens before me are from Aux Cayes ; I have seen only crenata from Jeremie. The apex is scalar, turned down at the tip, and coarsely sculptured with wide-spaced riblets (pi. 41, fig. 69). 2. A. CRENATA (Weinland & Martens). PL 41, figs. 73, 74, 75 ; pi. 38, figs. 5, 6, 7. Shell cylindric below, the upper half or more slowly taper- ing to a wide truncation closed by a flat, subvertical pustulate plug. Penult, and next earlier whorls usually dull purplish- blue in part, the rest of the shell dull red or white. Surface having a worn or dusty appearance, very finely and closely sculptured with waved striae, generally showing also some low, coarse spiral girdles or malleation, and above the suture a 304 ARCHEGOCOPTIS, UROCOPTIS. series of shallow pits. Whorls ordinarily 7% to 8%, but slightly convex, the last shortly free in front, having a narrow, cord-like carina around the base, which is convex and sculp- tured with straight, thread-like striae. Aperture subcircular, oblique, the peristome expanded, subreflexed. Length 30, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 7%. Length 26, diam. 7.7 mm. ; whorls 6%. Length 35%, diam. 7.8 mm. ; whorls 12%. Length 39, diam. 8.5 mm.; whorls 8 (v. Mart. type). Haiti: Jeremie (Weinland, J. B. Henderson); Anse d'Hainault (H. Rolle). Cyl. crenata Weinl. & Mart., MARTENS, MaJak. Bl., vi, 1859, p. 54.— PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 364; Novit. Conch., p. 440, pi. 97, f. 33, 34 (bad).— CROSSE, J. de C., 1891, p. 138, pi. 1, f. 7, 7 a (not good). — ???0. petiveriana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 13, f. 114 (bad). Besides the differences given under A. eximia, this species differs from that in the sharper striation below the basal keel. The sutural dark spots are less developed, the sculpture being more obsolete generally. In one specimen with only 6% whorls, collected by Mr. Henderson, the apical septum is ab- normal, being long and conic. The delicate pustules on the septum are frequently rubbed off. Crosse does not seem to have noticed the chief differences between crenata and eximia, in the stronger basal keel and smaller mouth of the latter. It is impossible to tell whether the rude figures referred to by Ferussac under his H. petiveriana were drawn from ex- imia or crenata. Sowerby's figure is equally dubious. UROCOPTIS. U. CYLINDRUS (Chemn., Desh.). Page 137. Pupa violacea Swainson, Exotic Conchology, 2d edit., by S. Hanley, p. 39 (1841), is undoubtedly U. cylindrus. I have not seen the original edition of " Exotic Conchology," which appeared in 1821-22. If the description of P. violacea appeared therein, it was the first adequate diagnosis of this fine Jamaican shell. Chemnitz's description and figures, upon which Dillwyn and Wood depend, are ambiguous, and may apply to some allied form as well as to that subsequently fixed upon by Deshayes. REFERENCE TO PLATES. VOL. XV. PLATE 1. FIGURE * PAOB 1. Eucalodium decollatum Nyst. Specimen 3 2, 3. Eucalodium mexicanum " Cum." Pfr. Specimen. 6 4. Eucalodium densecostatum Streb. After Strebel . . 20 5. Eucalodium decurtatum H. Ad. Specimen 15 6. 7, 8, 9. Eucalodium hippocastaneum Dall. Specimen. 15 10, 11. Eucalodium sumichrasti C. & F. J. de Conch.. . . 10 12. Anisospira dalli v. Mart. Specimen 26 PLATE 2. 1-3. Eucalodium speciosum Dkr. After Philippi 20 4, 5. Eucalodium speciosum var. strebeli Mart. After Strebel 22 6, 7. Eucalodium speciosum var. boucardi Pfr. Conch. Cab , 21 8, 9. Eucalodium edwardsianum C. & F. Moll. Mex.. . . 23 10, 11. Eucalodium speciosum var. fischeri Mart. Moll. Mex 22 12. Eucalodium edwardsianum C. & F. After Strebel. . 23 13, 14. Eucalodium deshayesianum C. & F. Moll. Mex. . . 24 PLATE 3. 15, 16. Eucalodium moussonianum C. & F. Conchyl. Cab 16 17, 18. Eucalodium moussonianum C. & F. Moll. Mex. . . 16 19, 20. Eucalodium neglectum C. & F. Moll. Mex 17 21, 22, 23. Anisospira recticosta Pfr. Moll. Mex 299 24. Eucalodium martensi Strebel. After Strebel 18 25. Cylindrella transaperta Sowb. Conch. Icon., xx. . . 19, 141 26-33. Eucalodium truncatum (= martensi Streb.) Bio- logia. Centr. Am 18 (305) 306 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. PLATE 4. 1. Eucalodium walpoleanum C. & F. Moll. Mex 11 2, 3. Eucalodium walpoleanum C. & F. After Strebel. . 11 4. Eucalodium walpoleanum C. & F. Specimen 11 5. Eucalodium walpoleanum form B. After Strebel. . . 12 6. 7. Eucalodium insigne C. & F. Moll. Mex 12 8. Eucalodium decollation C. & F., not Nyst. Moll. Mex 4 9. Eucalodium decollatum Nyst. After Nyst 3 PLATE 5. 18. Eucalodium decollatum var. ghiesbreghti Pfr. Moll. Mex 4 19. Eucalodium decollatum var. ghiesbreghti Pfr. Spec- imen 4 20. 21. Eucalodium decollatum var. ghiesbreghti Pfr. After Strebel 4 22, Eucalodium decollatum Nyst. Specimen 3 23, 26. Eucalodium blandianum C. & F. After Strebel. . 9 24, 25. Eucalodium blandianum C. & F. Moll. Mex 9 PLATE 6. 27. Eucalodium decurtatum H. Ad. P. Z. S., 1872, 15 28, 29. Eucalodium decurtatum H. Ad. Moll. Mex 15 30. Eucalodium grande Pfr. Moll. Mex 13 31. Eucalodium grande Pfr. After Strebel 13 32. Euealodium grande Pfr. Specimen 13 33. 35. Eucalodium splendidum Pfr. Specimen 14 34. Eucalodium splendidum Pfr. P. Z. S., 1860 14 38, 39. Eucalodium splendidum Pfr. Moll. Mex 14 36, 37. Eucalodium grande Pfr. Novit. Conch 13 PLATE 7. 1-3. Eucalodium compactum Pils. Specimens 5 4-7. Eucalodium cereum Strebel. After Strebel 22 8, 9. Eucalodium mexicanum " Cum.," Pfr. Moll. Mex. 6 10. Eucalodium mexicanum " Cum./' Pfr. After Strebel ; 6 11. 12. Eucalodium mexicanum var. minor Pfr. Speci- men 7 13, 14. Eucalodium mexicanum var. minor Pfr. Novit. Conch 7 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. 307 FIGURE PAGE PLATE 8. 15, 16. Eucalodium decurtatum H. Ad. Pilsbry, del. ... 15 17. Eucalodium mexicanum ' ' Cum., ' ' Pf r. Pilsbry, del. 6 18. Eucalodium speciosum var. boucardi Pfr. Pilsbry, del 21 19. 23. Eucalodium splendidum Pfr. Pilsbry, del 14 20. Eucalodium grande Pfr. Pilsbry, del ; 13 21. Eucalodium blandianum C. & F. Pilsbry, del 9 22. Eucalodium walpoleanum C. & F. Pilsbry, del 11 PLATE 9. 1-5. Coelocentrum gigas Martens. Biol. Centr. Amer. . . 33 6, 7. Coelocentrum anomalum Strebel. After Strebel. . 35 8-11. Coelocentrum clathratum Martens. Biol. Centr. Amer 49 12-15. Ccelocentrum championi Martens. Biol. Centr. Amer 49 16, Coelocentrum fistulare Morel. After Strebel 41 17, 18. Coelocentrum fistulare Morel. Moll. Mex 41 19, 20. Coelocentrum fistulare Morel. Conchyl. Cab 41 PLATE 10. 18, 19. Anisospira hyalina Pfr. Philippi Abbild 26 20, 21. Anisospira hyalina Pfr. Moll. Mex 26 22, 23. Anisospira liebmanni Pfr. Moll. Mex 28 24, 25. Anisospira liebmanni Pfr. After Strebel 28 26. Anisospira liebmanni Pfr. Philippi, Abbild 28 ""27. Anisospira liebmanni Pfr. Specimen 28 28, 29. Anisospira strebeli Dall (=dalli Mart). Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus 26 30-34. Anisospira strebeli Pfr. Biol. Centr. Amer 29 PLATE 11. 1. Anisospira liebmanni Pfr. Pilsbry, del 28 2. 3. Anisospira liebmanni Pfr. After Strebel 28 4. Anisospira strebeli Pfr. Pilsbry, del 29 5, 6. Coelocentrum pfefferi Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 34 7, Anisospira dalli Martens. Pilsbry, del 26 8, 9. Coelocentrum nelsoni Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. . . 35 PLATE 12. 1, 2. Coelocentrum turris Pfr. Moll. Mex 36 3. Ccelocentrum turris Pfr. After Strebel. . 36 308 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. FIGURE PAOB 4. Ccelocentrum turns Pfr. Specimen 36 5. Ccelocentrum turris Pfr. Conchyl. Cab 36 6. 7. Ccelocentrum tomacella Morel. Conchyl. Cab 38 8. Ccelocentrum tomacella var. rufescens Mart. Bio- logia 40 9, 10. C celocentrum tomacella var. attenuatum Pfr. Conch. Cab , 40 11, 12. Ccelocentrum tomacella var. clava Pfr. Conch. Cab 39 13. Ccelocentrum tomacella var. clava Pfr. Moll. Mex. . . 40 14. Ccelocentrum tomacella var. clava Pfr. After Strebel 39 PLATE 13. 15. 16. Ccelocentrum irregulare Gabb. Pilsbry, del 51 17-19. Ccelocentrum gabbi Pils. Pilsbry, del 54 20-22. Ccelocentrum eisenianum Pils. Pilsbry, del 55 PLATE 14. 21-23. Ccelocentrum tomacella Morel. Specimen 38 24, 25. Ccelocentrum tomacella, sculpture of fourth whorl up, and of last whorl. Pilsbry, del 38 26, 27. Ccelocentrum tomacella var. clava Pfr. Specimen. 39 28-32. Ccelocentrum arctispira ( ?) var. estefaniae Pils. After Strebel 43 33. Ccelocentrum arctispira Pfr. P. Z. S., 1860 42 34. Ccelocentrum arctispira Pfr. Conch. Icon 42 35. 36. Ccelocentrum arctispira Pfr. Moll. Mex 42 PLATE 15. 1, 2. Holospira imbricata Martens. Malak. Bl 103 3. Holospira tryoni var. gealei H. Ad. P. Z. S 85 4, 5. Holospira microstoma Pfr. Moll. Mex 102 6-8. Holospira claviformis Mart. (= elizabethae Pils.) Biologia 100 9-14. Holospira elizabethae Pilsbry. Pilsbry, del 99 15. Holospira elizabetha Pilsbry. J. de C., 1892 99 16, 17. Holospira cretacea Pfr. Moll. Mex 104 18-20. Holospira teres Mke. Phil., Abbild 104 21, 22. Holospira teres var. minor Mts. J. de C., 1892. . 104 PLATE 16. 1, 2. Holospira arizonensis Stearns. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. . • • • • 81 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. 309 FIGURE PAGE 3, 4. Holospira semisculpta Stearns. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus 91 5. Holospira bilamellata Ball. Specimen 82 6-9. Holospira pilsbryi Dall. Specimen 86 10, 11. Holospira bilamellata Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mm 82 12, 13. Holospira mearnsi Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. . . 87 14. 15. Holospira pasonis Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. . . 90 PLATE 17. 16-19. Coelocentrum dispar Pils. Pilsbry, del 44 20-23. Coelocentrum exlex Pils. Pilsbry, del 50 24. Ccelocentrum irregulare Gabb. Specimen 51 25. Ccelocentrum eisenianum Pils. Pilsbry, del 55 26, 29. Coelocentrum crosseanum Pf r. Pilsbry, del 47 27, 28. Coelocentrum crosseanum Pf r. Novit. Conch. ... 47 PLATE 18. 30-32. Berendtia taylori Pfr. Moll. Mex 58 33-36. Berendtia taylori Pfr. Specimens 58 37. Epirobia polygyra Pfr. Pilsbry, del 64 38, 39. Coelocentrum filicosta Pfr. Pilsbry, del . 47 40, 41. Coelocentrum filicosta Pfr. Moll. Mex. and C. ,Cab 47 PLATE 19. 41-44. Ccelocentrum arctispira var. estefaniae Pils. After Strebel 31 45-47. Berendtia taylori var. estefaniae Pis. After Fischer 57 48, 49. Epirobia apiostoma Pfr. After Strebel 59 50-54. Holospira goldfussi Pfr. After Strebel 69-71 PLATE 20. 1-4. Epirobia berendti Pfr. After Strebel 61 5-7. Epirobia gassiesi Pfr. Moll. Mex , 63 8-10. Epirobia polygyrella Mart. Biologia 65 11. Epirobia polygyra Pfr. After Strebel 64 12-14. Epirobia apiostoma Pfr. Moll. Mex 63 15. Epirobia apiostoma Pfr. Pilsbry, del 63 16. Epirobia polygyra Pfr. Pilsbry, del 64 17-19. Epirobia polygyra Pfr. Moll. Mex 64 20-22. Epirobia swif tiana Crosse. Moll. Mex 62 310 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. FIGURE PAGE PLATE 21. 23-25. Holospira" pilocerei " (= tetrelasmus) . Abbild. Ill 73 26, 27. Holospira " pilocerei " (= tetrelasmus). After Strebel 73 28, 29. Holospira " pilocerei var." J. de C., 1892 75 30, 31, 35. Holospira goldfussi Mke. Pilsbry, del 76 32-34. Holospira goldf ussi Mke. Specimens 76 36-38. Holospira goniostoma Pfr. After Strebel 77 39-41. Holospira goniostoma Pfr. Moll. Mex 77 PLATE 22. 42-44. Holospira nelsoni Pils. Pilsbry, del 79 45-48. Holospira pilocerei Pfr. Abbild. 1 75 49-51. Holospira pfeifferi Mke. Abbild. III.. ., 80 52, 53. Holospira tryoni Pfr. Novit. Conch 83 54, 55. Holospira tryoni Pfr. After Strebel 83 56-58. Holospira tryoni Pfr. Pilsbry, del 83 PLATE 23. 59. Holospira minima Martens. Pilsbry, del 94 60. Holospira minima Martens. Biologia 94 61-63. Holospira remondii Gabb. Moll. Mex 93 64, 65. Holospira crossei Ball. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. .*. . . 92 66, 67. Holospira coahuilensis W. G. B. Amer. Journ. Conch 91 68, 69. Holospira coahuilensis W. G. B. J. de C., 1892. . 70. Holospira remondii Gabb. Pilsbry, del 93 71. Holospira teres var. hogeana Mart. (= veracruziana Dall.) . Biologia 105 72. 73. Holospira hamiltoni Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. 74. Holospira pasonis Dall. Pilsbry, del 75. Holospira crossei Dall. Pilsbry, del 92 76. Holospira pilsbryi Dall. Pilsbry, del 86 PLATE 24. 1-4. Holospira remondi Gabb. Pilsbry, del 5-9. Holospira minima Martens. Pilsbry, del 94 PLATE 25. 1-7. Holospira roemeri Pfr. Pilsbry, del 8, 9, 10. Holospira f usca Martens. Pilsbry, del 11-14. Holospira fusca Martens. Biologia 95 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. 311 FIGURE PAGE PLATE 26. 24-26. Holospira strebeliana Pils. Pilsbry, del 101 27. Holospira elizabethae Pils. Pilsbry, del 99 28 (below 25). Holospira strebeliana Pils. Pilsbry, del.. 101 28-31. Holospira dalli Pils. Pilsbry, del.. 100 PLATE 27 (soft anatomy). 33, 34, 40. Holospira nelsoni Pils. Pilsbry, del 69-71 35, 37, 42. Holospira dalli Pils. Pilsbry, del 69-71 36, 38, 39, 43. Holospira roemeri Pf r. Pilsbry, del 69-71 41. Holospira pilsbryi Dall. Pilsbry, del 69 44, 45. Urocoptis brevis Pfr. Pilsbry, del , 107, 108 PLATE 28. 1, 2. Urocoptis ambigua magna C. B. A. Spring Gar- den 136 3. Urocoptis ambigua magna C. B. A. Cowick Park. . . 136 4. Urocoptis ambigua magna C. B. A. Aenon Town. . . 136 5. Urocoptis ambigua fortis C. B. A. Henderson col- lection 137 6. 7. Urocoptis cylindrus Ch. Mulgrave ; Henderson col- lection 137 8, 9. Urocoptis cylindrus Ch. Bluefields 137 10. Urocoptis zonata Ad. Great Valley 139 11-12. Urocoptis zonata Ad. Specimens 72855 and 72858. 139 13-15. Urocoptis zonata Ad. Mackfield 139 16, 17. Urocoptis ambigua Ad. Pratville 135 PLATE 29. 18, 19. Urocoptis dubia Ch. Hanna Rock, St. James 133 20. Urocoptis dubia Ch. Mackfield. , 133 21, 22. Urocoptis procera Ad. Henderson collection. . . 131 23, 24. Urocoptis procera Ad 131 25, 26. Urocoptis ambigua Ad. Spur Tree Hill ; Hender- son collection , 134 27. Urocoptis ambigua Ad. Great Valley 134 28, 29. Urocoptis ambigua Ad. Williamsfield ; Hender- son collection 134 30. Urocoptis ambigua Ad. Mandeville 134 31, 32. Urocoptis ambigua Ad. No. 72814, A. N. S 134 33, 34. Urocoptis ambigua elizabethensis Pils. Near Balaclava 137 35-37. Urocoptis lata mancheonealensis Pils 116 38, 39. Urocoptis aspera Ad. Yallahs River 130 40, 41. Urocoptis aspera Ad. Greenhall. 130 312 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. FIGURE PAGE PLATE 30. 42-45. Urocoptis lata Ad. Rodney Hill 115 46. Urocoptis lata Ad. Mooretown 114 48, 49. Urocoptis lata Ad. Rural Hill, Portland 115 50. Urocoptis lata Ad 114 51, 52. Urocoptis lata antonionis Pils. Port Antonio . . . 115 53, 54. Urocoptis lata ischnostele Pils 116 55, 56. Urocoptis zonata Ad , 139 PLATE 31. 57, 58. Urocoptis megacheila Chitty. Ann. Lye. N. Y. . . 120 59, 60. Urocoptis amethystina Chitty. Specimens 121 61-63. Urocoptis sanguinea Pf r. Philippi, Abbild 116 64. Urocoptis sanguinea Pfr. Stony Hill 118 65, 66, 69. Urocoptis sanguinea Pfr. Bellevue 117 67, 68. Urocoptis sanguinea cerina Ad. Bogwalk 118 70. Urocoptis sanguinea meridionalis Pils. Thetford. . . 118 71, 72, 75. Urocoptis nobilior Ad. Bogwalk 140 73, 74. Urocoptis nobilior Ad. Philippi, Abbild 140 PLATE 32 (Sculpture x 20). - 76. Urocoptis brevis Pfr. Rock Fort; shell 18% mm. long 122 77. Urocoptis brevis columna Ad. Rock Fort 124 78. Urocoptis brevis obesa Ad. Specimen 72801 124 79. Urocoptis brevis densestriata Ad. Specimen 124 80. Urocoptis sp. undet. Apex of young shell fig. on pi. 30, f. 47 115 81. Urocoptis ovata sanctseannae Pils 127 82. Urocoptis lata mancheonealensis Pils. Apex x 18. . . 116 83. Urocoptis hendersoni Pils 127 84. Urocoptis brevis Pfr. Round Hill, St. Catherine 122 85. Urocoptis aspera Ad. Yallahs 130 86. Urocoptic brevis Pfr. Cambridge Hill, St. Thomas; 7.5 mm. long 122 PLATE 33. 87-89. Urocoptis ovata Desh. Fer., Histoire 126 90-92. Urocoptis abbreviata Desh. Fer., Histoire 125 93, 94. Urocoptis abbreviata Desh. Specimens 125 95. Urocoptis brevis obesa Ad ,. . . 124 96, 97. Urocoptis brevis Pfr. Rock Fort .121 98. Urocoptis brevis Pfr 122 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. 313 KIGURE PAGE 99. Urocoptis brevis Pfr. Round Hill 122 1-3. Urocoptis brevis Pfr. Long Mt 123 4. Urocoptis bulbiformis Sowb. Conch. Icon 123 5-8. Urocoptis brevis columna Ad. Hope River 124 9. Urocoptis brevis columna Ad. Rock Fort. . . ., 124 10-12. Urocoptis brevis Pfr. Abbild 123 13. Urocoptis transparens Pfr. Mt. Diablo 129 14, 15. Urocoptis gravesii Ad 128 16^ 17. Urocoptis gravesii Ad. Adelphia 128 18, 19. Urocoptis transparens Pfr. Novit. Conch 129 PLATE 34. 19-21. Urocoptis hydrophana Ad. Conchyl. Cab 146 22, 23, 27, 28. Urocoptis rosea montana Ad. Pilsbry, del 144 24-26. Urocoptis rosea Pfr. Phil., Abbild 143 29-31. Urocoptis hydrophana Ad. Pilsbry, del . . 146 32-34. Urocoptis pupsef ormis Ad. Pilsbry, del 147 35-39. Urocoptis hollandi Ad. Pilsbry, del 145 PLATE 34a. 1, 2. Spirostemma inusitata Vend. Type. McCon- nell, del 290 3, 4. Spirostemma cognata Vend. Type. McConnell, del 292 5, 6. Spirostemma abnormis Vend. Type. McConnell, del 296 7, 8. Spirostemma bellevuensis Pils. Type. McCon- nell, del i 288 9, 10. Urocoptis instabilis Vendryes. Type. McCon- nell, del 119 11, 12. Urocoptis sanguinea perplexa Vendryes. Type. McConnell, del 118 PLATE 35. 39. Urocoptis baquieana Ch. Helen Winchester, del. . . . 141 40, 41. Urocoptis baquieana Ch. Good Hope 141 42-45. Urocoptis baquieana pudica P. & J. Cave Val- ley 142 46. Urocoptis baquieana pudica P. & J. Aenon Town. . 142 47-49. Spirostemma similis Ad. Pilsbry, del 293 50, 51. Spirostemma carinata Pfr. Conch. Icon 290 52-54. Spirostemma ipwichensis Pils. Pilsbry, del 291 55-58. Urocoptis hendersoni Pils. Helen Winchester, del. 127 59. Urocoptis brevis var. Falmouth 124 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. PLATE 36. 59-61. Urocoptis rosea Pf r. Philippi, Abbild .......... 143 62, 63. Spirostemma dunkeri Pf r. Conchyl. Cab ........ 287 64, 65. Spirostemma dunkeri Pf r. Philippi, Abbild ..... 287 66. Spirostemma alta Sowb. Conch. Icon .............. 288 67-71. Spirostemma dunkeri Pfr. Bogwalk. Pilsbry, del ........................................ .' 287 72-75. Spirostemma dunkeri Pfr. No. 72928. Pilsbry, del .............. ........................... 287 76-80. Spirostemma princeps Ad. Pilsbry & Winches- ter, del ............................ .......... 289 PLATE 37. 80-83. Spirostemma elatior Ad. Pilsbry, del ........... 294 84-87. Spirostemma pusilla Ad. Aenon Town. Pilsbry, del ......................................... 297 88-91. Spirostemma tenella Ad. Pilsbry, del ............ 295 92, 93. Spirostemma tenella var. tenera Ad. Pilsbry, del. 296 94. Spirostemma elatior Ad. After Bland ............ 294 PLATE 38. 1-4. Archegocoptis eximia Pfr. J. de C., Novit. Conch., etc ........................................ 302 5-7. Archegocoptis crenata W. & M. J. de C., Novit. Conch., etc .......... ....................... 303 8, 9. Urocoptis menkeana Crosse (= malleata) . J. de Conch., 1891 ............................... 153 10. Urocoptis malleata Pfr. Helen Winchester, del ..... 152 11. Urocoptis malleata Pfr. J. de C. 1891 .......... 152 12,13. Urocoptis menkeana Pfr. Helen Winchester, del. 154 14, 15. Urocoptis menkeana Pfr. P. Z. S., 1852 ........ 154 PLATE 39. 16, 17. Urocoptis gruneri Pfr. H. Winchester, del ...... 157 18, 19. Urocoptis gruneri Pfr. Philippi, Abbild ........ 157 20, 21. Urocoptis guigouana Pet. J. de C., 1891 ......... 159 22, 23. Urocoptis strohmi (= guigouana) . J. de C., 1891 ....................................... 159 24, 25. Urocoptis majuba (= guigouana) . Jahrb., 1880. 159 26. Urocoptis majuba (= guigouana) . Winchester, del. 159 27, 28. Urocoptis truncata Dillw. Philippi, Abbild ..... 154 29, 30. Urocoptis arcuata W. & M. J. de C., 1891 ....... 160 31. Urocoptis arcuata W. & M. Winchester, del .......... 160 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. 315 FIGURE PAGE 32, 33. Urocoptis sericea Pfr. Winchester, del 156 34, 35. Urocoptis sericea eugenii Dohrn. J. de C., 1891 . . 157 PLATE 40. 36, 37. Urocoptis arcuata W. & M. Novit. Conch 160 38. Urocoptis arcuata W. & M. Henderson coll 160 39-41, 47. Urocoptis malleata Pfr. Winchester and Pilsbry, del 152 42, 48. Urocoptis adamsiana Pfr. Pilsbry, del 151 43,44,45. Urocoptis punctulifera Pfr. (= adamsiana). J. de C., 1891 152 46. Urocoptis adamsiana Pfr. Helen Winchester, del. . . 151 50, 51, 52. Urocoptis monilifera Pfr. Helen Winchester, del .- 149 49, 53, 54. Urocoptis monilifera Pfr. Pilsbry, del 149 PLATE 41. 55, 56. Urocoptis namnmlata Pfr. Pilsbry, del 153 57, 58. Urocoptis flamnralata Pfr. J. de C 153 59. Urocoptis malleata Pfr. Shepperd, del 152 60, 61. Urocoptis sericea Pfr. J. de C 155 62, 63. Urocoptis sericea laferrierensis Pils. Shepperd, del 156 64. Urocoptis sericea kisslingiana Weinl. Jahrb., 1880 . . 157 65, 66. Urocoptis innata Weinl. Malak. Bl 161 67-70. Archegocoptis eximia Pfr. Shepperd and Pilsbry, del 302 71, 72. Urocoptis tumidula W. & M. Novit. Conch 161 73-75. Archegocoptis crenata W. & M. Shepperd, del.. . 303 76. Urocoptis ambigua magna Ad. Pilsbry, del 131, 136 PLATE 42. 77-79. Urocoptis poeyana Orb. Pilsbry, del 176 80. Urocoptis lactaria Gld. (= variegata) . Proc. Bos- ton Soc 177 81. Urocoptis poeyana variegata P. Pilsbry, del 177 82. Urocoptis poeyana variegata P. Terr. Moll., III. . . . 177 83. 84. Urocoptis jejuna Gld. Terr. Moll., Ill 177 85, Urocoptis poeyana lacteoflua Pils. Pilsbry,del 178 86, 89, 90. Urocoptis illamellata Wr. Pilsbry, del 180 87, 88. Brachypodella angulifera Gundl. Pilsbry, del. Vol. XVI. 91, 92. Urocoptis mixta Wr. Pilsbry, del 181 93-95. Urocoptis soluta Pfr. Pilsbry, del 182 96, 97. Urocoptis atropurpurea Arango. Pilsbry, del. . . 181 316 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. FIOUKE PLATE 43 (Dentition). 1. Urocoptis vincta Gundl. Pilsbry, del 110, 201, 210 2. Urocoptis garciana Wright. Pilsbry, del 232 3. Urocoptis cyclostoma Pf r. Pilsbry, del 267, 271 4. Urocoptis plicata Poey. Pilsbry, del 267* 278 5. Urocoptis scalarina Shuttl. Pilsbry, del 268, 279 6. 7. Anoma splendens citrina Ad. Pilsbry, del. See Vol. XVI. 8. Anoma striatula Ad. Pilsbry, del See Vol. XVI. 9, 10. Spirostemma princeps Ad. Pilsbry, del.. 285 11, 12. Spirostemma inusitata Vendr. Pilsbry, del 285 13. Spirostemma tenella Ad. Pilsbry, del 285 PLATE 44. 22. Urocoptis sowerbyana Pf r. Pilsbry 162 23, 24. Urocoptis sowerbyana Pfr. Shepperd, del 162 25. Urocoptis monticola Weinl. Jahrb., 1880 163 26, 27. Urocoptis monticola Weinl. Pilsbry, del 163 28, 29. Urocoptis laevigata Gundl. Novit. Conch 168 30. Urocoptis sowerbyana montetoronis Pils. Shep- perd, del 163 31. Urocoptis uncata Gundl. Novit. Conch 166 32. 33. Urocoptis uncata Gundl. Pilsbry, del 166 34, 35. Urocoptis laevigata Gundl. Pilsbry, del 168 PLATE 45. 36-38,41. Urocoptis fastigiata Gundl. Pilsbry, del 171 39, 40. Urocoptis fastigiata Gundl. Novit. Conch 171 42, 43, 53. Urocoptis geminata Pfr. Pilsbry, del 169 44-47. Urocoptis intusmalleata Gundl. Pilsbry, del 170 48, 51, 52. Urocoptis perlata Gundl. Pilsbry, del 167 49, 50. Urocoptis perlata Gundl. Novit. Conch 167 PLATE 46. 54, 56, 58, 59. Urocoptis lateral's Paz. Pilsbry, del 172 55, 57. Urocoptis lateralis Paz. Novit. Conch 172 60, 62. Urocoptis interrupta Gundl. Novit. Conch 174 61, 63, 64. Urocoptis interrupta Gundl. Pilsbry, del 174 65, 66. Urocoptis vignalensis Wr. Novit. Conch 256 67, 68. Urocoptis vignalensis Wr. Pilsbry, del 256 69, 70. Urocoptis scaeva Gundl. Novit. Conch 195 71, 74. Urocoptis trilamellata Pfr. Pilsbry, del 257 72, 73. Urocoptis trilamellata Pfr. Novit. Conch 257 75, 76. Urocoptis shut tie worthi ana Poey. Conch. Cab. . . 196 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. 317 FIGURE PAGE PLATE 47. 77, 78. Urocoptis humboldtiana Pf r., x 6. Pilsbry, del. . . 192 78, 79, 80. Urocoptis humboldtiana Pf r. After Philippi, Abbild 192 81. Urocoptis humboldtiana Pfr. Winchester, del 192 82, 83, 85, 86. Urocoptis h. peraffinis Pils., x 6. Pilsbry, del 193 84. Urocoptis h. peraffinis Pils. Conchyl. Cab 193 87, 88. Urocoptis oviedoiana Orb. Moll. Cuba 197 89, 90. Urocoptis shuttleworthiana Poey, x 6. Pilsbry, del , 196 91, 93. Urocoptis striatella Wright, x 6. Pilsbry, del.. . . 194 92, 94. Urocoptis striatella Wright. Novit. Conch 194 PLATE 48. 1, 2. Urocoptis elliotti Poey. J. de C., 1890 200 3. Urocoptis elliotti Poey. Pilsbry, del 200 4, 5. Urocoptis dautzenbergiana Crosse. J. de C., 1890 . 201 6. Urocoptis dautzenbergiana Crosse. Pilsbry, del 201 7. 8, 12. Urocoptis albocrenata Gundl. Pilsbry, del 198 9, 10, 16. Urocoptis guirensis Gundl. Pilsbry, del 203 11, 14, 15. Urocoptis infortunata Arango. Pilsbry, del. . 204 13, and Fig. between 8 and 12. Urocoptis oligomesus Pils. Pilsbry, del 207 PLATE 49 (Soft Anatomy). 10, 15. Eucalodium ghiesbreghti Pfr. After Fischer. ... 1, 2 11-14, 16, 17. Eucalodium blandianum C. & F. After Strebel 1, 2 PLATE 50 (Dentition). 1. Eucalodium blandianum C. & F. After Strebel 2 2, 3. Eucalodium blandianum C. & F. After Fischer. . 2 4. Holospira goldfussi Mke. After Binney 69 5. Holospira pilsbryi Dall. Pilsbry, del 70 6. 7. Epirobia polygyra Pfr. Pilsbry, del 59 8. Urocoptis dautzenbergiana Cr. Pilsbry, del 108 9, 10. Urocoptis sericea Pfr. Pilsbry, del 109, 156 11. Urocoptis gracillima Pfr. Pilsbry, del 270 PLATE 51. 1-3, 18. Urocoptis brunnescens Poey. Hato Caimito. Pilsbry, del 208 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. FIGURE PAGE 4-6, 20. Urocoptis saxosa Poey. Pilsbry, del 206 7, 8. Urocoptis vincta Gundl. Novit. Conch 210 9, 10, 21. Urocoptis vincta Gundl. Hato Sagua. Pils- bry, del 210 11, 12, 22. Urocoptis clara Wr. Pilsbry, del 209 13, 14. Urocoptis clara Wr. Novit. Conch 209 15, 16, 17, 24. Urocoptis notata Gundl. S. Andres. Pils. bry, del 205 19, 23, 25. Urocoptis propinqua Gundl. Pilsbry, del 209 26, 27. Urocoptis notata Gundl., var. Rangel. Pilsbry, del 205 PLATE 52. 28-30. Urocoptis strangulata Poey. Near Guines. Pils- bry, del 189 31. Urocoptis teneriensis Wright. Conch. Icon., XX 191 32. Urocoptis f abreana Poey. Pilsbry, del 190 33. 34. Urocoptis f abreana Poey. Novit. Conch 190 35, 36. Urocoptis teneriensis Wright. Pilsbry, del 191 37-40. Urocoptis ornata Gundl. Pilsbry, del 187 PLATE 53. 41, 42. Urocoptis elegans Pf r. Pilsbry, del 219 43-45. Urocoptis elegans Pfr. Philippi, Abbild.. .,. 219 46. Urocoptis elegans Pfr. Banded specimen 221 47-50. Urocoptis elegans subelegans Pils. Pilsbry, del. . . 222 51-53. Urocoptis elegans auberiana Orb. Pilsbry, del. . . 221 54, 55, 59. Urocoptis fortis Gundl. Pilsbry, del 224 56, 57. Urocoptis elegans auberiana Orb. Moll. Cuba. . . 221 58, 63. Urocoptis distincta Gundl. Pilsbry, del 226 60. Urocoptis planospira Pfr. Conch. Cab.. 223 61, 62. Urocoptis planospira Pfr. Mai. Bl. and Pilsbry, del 223 63. Urocoptis distincta Gundl. Pilsbry, del 226 64. Urocoptis elegans auberiana Orb. Pilsbry, del 221 65. Urocoptis concreta (= distincta Gundl.). Novit. Conch, pi. 97, f. 14 226 66. Urocoptis elegans Pfr. Axis of typical spec, from Ferinicea 219 PLATE 54. 67. 68. Urocoptis artemisiae Gundl. Pilsbry, del.. .^ 215 69. Urocoptis artemisiaa Gundl. Conch. Icon ' 215 70. Urocoptis artemisiae Gundl. Marianao. Pilsbry, del. 215 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. 319 71. Urocoptis coronadoi Arango. Novit. Conch 21 8 72, 72, 73. Urocoptis gutierrezi Ar. Pilsbry, del 216 74. Urocoptis pruinosa Morel. Pilsbry, del 260 75, 76. Urocoptis pruinosa Morel. Conchyl. Cab 260 77. Urocoptis crispula Pf r. Philippi, Abbild 217 78, 79. Urocoptis hidalgoi Arango. Pilsbry, del 247 80. Urocoptis cristallina Wr. Novit. Conch 227 81, 82. Urocoptis cristallina Wr. Pilsbry, del 227 83. Urocoptis lavalleana (= trinidadensis Pils.). Pils- bry, del 226 84. Urocoptis lavalleana (— trinidadensis Pils.). Conchyl. Cab 226 85. 86. Urocoptis lavalleana Orb. Moll. Cuba 225 87. Urocoptis lavalleana trinidadensis Pils. Pilsbry, del. 226 PLATE 55. 90. Urocoptis thomsoni Arango. Pilsbry, del , 243 91, 92. Urocoptis thomsoni Arango. J. de C., 1890 243 93. Urocoptis acus Pf r. Pilsbry, del 242 94. Urocoptis acus Pfr. Conchyl. Cab 242 95. 96. Urocoptis decolorata Gundl. Novit. Conch 240 97. Urocoptis decolorata Gundl. Pilsbry, del 240 98. Urocoptis adnata Pfr. Novit. Conch 241 99. Urocoptis assimilis Arango. Pilsbry, del 245 1, 6. Urocoptis f raterna Pils. Pilsbry, del 228 2, 9. Urocoptis distincta Gundl. Pilsbry, del 226 3, 4. Urocoptis crenulata Gundl. Novit. Conch 241 5. Urocoptis capillacea Pfr. Pilsbry, del 234 6. Urocoptis f raterna Pils. Pilsbry, del 228 7. Urocoptis concreta Gundl. Pilsbry, del 233 8. Urocoptis capillacea Pfr. Pilsbry, del 234 9. Urocoptis distincta Gundl. Pilsbry, del 226 10, 11. Urocoptis distincta Gundl. Pilsbry, del.. 226 PLATE 56. 12, 13. Urocoptis torquata Morel. Conchyl. Cab. . . 237 14-16. Urocoptis torquata Morel. Pilsbry, del 237 17, 18. Urocoptis irrorata Gundl. Conchyl. Cab 239 19. Urocoptis irrorata Gundl. Pilsbry, del 239 20, 21. Urocoptis sauvalleana Gundl. Conchyl. Cab 238 22. Urocoptis sauvalleana Gundl. Pilsbry, del 238 23. Urocoptis tumidiora Sowb. Conch. Icon 239 24. 25. Urocoptis arcustriata Wr. Novit. Conch 244 26, 27. Urocoptis assimilis Arango. Journ. de Conch 245 320 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. FIGURE PAOE 28. Urocoptis assimilis Arango. Pilsbry, del 245 29, 30. Urocoptis colorata Arango. J. de C. . 244 31. Urocoptis colorata Arango. Pilsbry, del 244 PLATE 57. 32, 33. Urocoptis violacea Wr. Pilsbry, del 258 34, 35. Urocoptis violacea Wr. Novit. Conch. 258 36, 37. Urocoptis plumbea Wr. Novit. Conch 259 38, 39. Urocoptis plumbea Wr. Pilsbry, del 259 40. Urocoptis nubila Poey. Memorias 258 41. Urocoptis affinis Pfr. Pilsbry, del 251 42. 45. Urocoptis disco rs Poey. Pilsbry, del 250 43. Urocoptis gonzalezi Pils. Pilsbry, del 248 44. Urocoptis brevicervix Pils. Pilsbry, del 248 45. Urocoptis discors Poey. Pilsbry, del 250 46. Urocoptis coerulans incerta Arango. Helen Win- chester, del 254 47. 49. Urocoptis discors lagunillensis Pils. Pilsbry, del. 250 48. Urocoptis diaphana Wright. Pilsbry, del 251 50, 51. Urocoptis crerulans Poey. Pilsbry, del 253 52. Urocoptis unguiculata Arango. Pilsbry, del 249 PLATE 58. 53. Urocoptis obliqua Pfr. Novit. Conch 253 54. 55. Urocoptis obliqua Pfr. Pilsbry, del ., 253 56. Urocoptis ventricosa Gundl. Pilsbry, del 261 57, 58. Urocoptis ventricosa var. abnormis Gundl. Pils- bry, del 262 59, 60. Urocoptis ventricosa Gundl. Novit. Conch 261 61, 62. Urocoptis producta Gundl. Pilsbry, del 265 63, 64. Urocoptis producta Gundl. Conchyl. Cab.. ., 265 65, 66. Urocoptis sanctaeannae Pils. Pilsbry, del 127 67,68 (above fig. 70). Urocoptis garciana Wr. Pilsbry, del 232 67, 68 (to the right of figs. 66 and 71). Urocoptis heyne- manni Pfr. Pilsbry, del 252 69-71. Urocoptis scabrosa Gundl. Pilsbry, del 186 PLATE 59. 71-74. Urocoptis integra Pfr. Pilsbry, del 230 75, 76, 82. Urocoptis fusif ormis Wr. Pilsbry, del 230 77. Urocoptis hilleri Pfr. Pilsbry, del 263 78. Urocoptis hilleri Pfr. Novit. Conch. 263 79-81. Urocoptis angustior Wr. Pilsbry, del 229 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. 321 FIGURE PAGE 82. Urocoptis fusiformis Wr. Pilsbry, del 230 83, 84. Urocoptis wrighti Pfr. Novit. Conch 264 85, 86. Urocoptis wrighti Pfr. Pilsbry, del 264 87-90. Urocoptis baculum Pilsbry. Pilsbry, del 265 92. Urocoptis macra Wright. Pilsbry, del 259 91, 93. Urocoptis macra Wright. Novit. Conch 259 PLATE 60 (Dentition). 1-3. Urocoptis lata maneheonealensis Pils. Pilsbry, del. 109 4. Urocoptis rosea montana Ad. Pilsbry, del 109 5, 6, 10. Urocoptis ventricosa Gundl. Pilsbry, del. . Ill, 261 8. Urocoptis elegans auberiana Orb. No. 71557. Pils- bry, del 110, 211 9. Urocoptis dautzenbergiana Crosse. Pilsbry, del., 110, 199 11. Urocoptis baculum Pils. No. 71553. Pilsbry, del. Ill, 265 PLATE 61 (Dentition). 12. Urocoptis wrighti Pfr. No. 71924. Pilsbry, del., Ill, 263 13, 14. Urocoptis f abreana Poey. Pilsbry, del 110, 189 15. Urocoptis pruinosa Morel. Pilsbry, del Ill 16. Urocoptis ornata Gundl. Pilsbry, del 110, 187 17. Urocoptis lateralis Paz. Pilsbry, del 110, 172 18. Urocoptis perlata Gundl. Pilsbry, del 110, 167 19. Urocoptis poeyana variegata Pfr. Miami. Pilsbry, del 109, 175 PLATE 62. 20. Brachypodella brooksiana Gundl. J. de C., 1890. See Vol. XVI. 21. Brachypodella brooksiana Gundl. Pilsbry, del. See Vol. XVI. 22. Brachypodella turcasiana Gundl. Novit. Conch. See Vol. XVI. 23. Brachypodella turcasiana Gundl. Pilsbry, del. See Vol. XVI. 24. 25. Brachypodella gundlachiana Poey. Monte Verde. Pilsbry, del See Vol. XVI. 26-28. Urocoptis porrecta Gld. Pilsbry, del 272 29. Urocoptis marmorata Shutt. Pilsbry, del 275 30, 31. Urocoptis marmorata Shutt. Conch. Cab 275 32, 33. Brachypodella minuta Gundl. Monte Verde. Pilsbry, del See Vol. XVI. 34, 35. Urocoptis camoensis modesta Poey. Matanzas. Pilsbry, del 275 322 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. FIGURE pAGE 36, 37. Urocoptis sexdecimalis Jim. Pilsbry, del 273 38-40. Urocoptis cyclostoma Pfr. Mai. Bl. and Conch. Cab 271 41, 42. Urocoptis gracillima Pfr. Conch. Cab 270 43. Urocoptis camoensis Pfr. Pilsbry, del 274 44, 45. Urocoptis camoensis Pfr. Malak. Blatt 274 PLATE 63 (Soft anatomy). 46-50. Archegocoptis crenata W. & M. Pilsbry, del 301 51-55. Anisospira townsendi P. & C. Pilsbry, del.. ..... 298 PLATE 64. 1. Urocoptis procera Ad. Coll. G. H. Clapp 131 2. Urocoptis ambigua Ad. Coll. G. H. Clapp 134 3. Urocoptis gravesi Ad. Coll. G. H. Clapp 129 4. Urocoptis rugeli euglypta Pils. Pilsbry, del 276 5. 6. Urocoptis joaquini Pils. Pilsbry, del 248 7. Brachypodella brooksiana Gundl. Pilsbry, del. See Vol. XVI. 8. Brachypodella gundlachiana Poey. Pilsbry, del. See Vol. XVI. 9, 10, 11. Urocoptis ischna Pils. Pilsbry, del 271 12. Urocoptis garciana Wright. Pilsbry, del 232 13. Urocoptis gracillima Pfr. Pilsbry, del 270 14. Urocoptis blainiana Gundl. Pilsbry, del 281 15, 16. Brachypodella antiperversa Fer. Pilsbry, del. See Vol. XVI. 17. Brachypodella obesa W. & M. Pilsbry, del. See Vol. XVI. 18. Brachypodella chordata Pfr. Pilsbry, del. See Vol. XVI. PLATE 65. 1, 2. Urocoptis philippiana Pfr. Conch. Cab 276 3, 4. Urocoptis scalarina Shutt. Conch. Cab 279 5, 6. Urocoptis blainiana Gundl. Novit. Conch 280 7, 8. Urocoptis blainiana Gundl. Mt. Guajaybon. Pils- bry, del 280 9, 10. Urocoptis rugeli Shutt. Conch. Cab 276 11, 12. Urocoptis cinerea Pfr. Conch. Cab 273 13. Urocoptis blainiana aurea Pils. Pilsbry, del . 281 14. Urocoptis philippiana Pfr. Abbild 276 15, 16. Urocoptis philippiana Pfr. Pilsbry,del 276 17,18. Urocoptis plicata Poey. Guines. Pilsbry, del... 277 19. 20. Urocoptis bahamensis Pfr. Mai. Bl 279 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. XV. 323 FIGURE PAGE 21, 22. Urocoptis bahamensis var. providentia Pils. Pils- bry, del 280 DATES OP ISSUE OP VOL. XV. Part 57, pp. 1-48, plates 1-15, Oct. 28, 1902. Part 58, pp. 49-128, plates 16-34, Dec. 20, 1902. Part 59, pp. 129-208, plates 34a-55, Apr. 9, 1903. Part 60, pp. 209-323, plates 56-65, July, 1903. Urocoptidae, PLATE 56 Uroeoptidae, Uroeoptidae, Uroeoptidae, PLATE 59 Uroeoptidse, PLATE 6O r^~ »• « & Urocoptidae, PLATE 61 i ) \\ r V 17 Uroeoptidee, PLATE 62 Urocoptidf PLATE 68 47 53 •v i a 54- ' ' 55 Uroeoptidse PLATE 64 Urocoptidse, PLATE 68 • I • •:' 19 20 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW RENEWED BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO IMMEDIATE RECALL SBRARY MOM NOV21 Wfof LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Book Slip-25m-6,'66(G3855s4)458 N9 551383 Tryon, G.W. Manual of conchology, QLU03 T?6 ser.2 v.15 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS