— b €Lb29T00 TOEO OU WMO 0000000 1IOHM/18IN Wi ey, m GONIDA. PLATE 14. Wi Dp AL TL OF CONCHOLOGY: STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SPECIES. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. CoNSERVATOR OF TH CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, Voi: VE | CONIDA:, PLEUROTOMIDA. ———$_—— PHILADELPHIA: A> Published by the Author, ACADEMY OF NATURAL SciENCES, Cor. ISTH & RACE STS. w 1884. : | Wm. P, Kildare, Printer, 734 §& 736 Sansom St., Phila. VA PAE OR CONCHO LOGY Famity CONIDZ. Teeth subulate, in two series, on a tubular prolongation of the retractile proboscis, and with a bundle of sharp subulate teeth at the extremity; head with a produced tubular veil; tentacles subulate; eyes on bulgings of the outer side of the tentacles ; mantle enclosed, with an elongated siphon in front; foot simple, long and narrow, with a conspicuous aquiferous pore on the middle of the anterior part of the sole. Operculum unguiform, with apical nucleus. Shell inversely conical, with narrow aperture the length of the body-whorl, the lip sharp, usually excavated at the hind-part, where it joins the suture; epidermis thin and smooth or longi- tudinally or spirally ridged, sometimes tufted. The great family of Cones, well-characterized by peculiarities both of dentition and shell, are principally inhabitants of equa- ‘torial seas. Haunting the holes and fissures of rocks, and the labyrinths of coral-reefs, they lead a predatory life, boring into the shells of other mollusks, and sucking the juices from their bodies. Until recently the classification of Conide given by Messrs. H. and A. Adams in their Genera of Recent Mollusca has been generally adopted. This classification is given in Structural and Systematic Conchology, ii, p. 187, and need not be reproduced here. The genera and subgenera are extremely artificial and insufficient for the purpose of arranging a large collection, inas- much as many of the systematic characters fail to discriminate groups when extensive series are compared. Dr. Weinkauff has recently (Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Gesell., i, 1874) arranged the Cones into sections, each named for a characteristic species, 4 CONIDA. around which is grouped other similar species. In this arrange- ment, pattern of coloring takes high rank, and the groupings indicate species which may have had a common ancestry. That this classification is in many respects faulty cannot be denied, but it appears on the whole to be better than that of the Messrs. Adams. A number of beautifully illustrated monographs of Conus have been published :— Sowerby. Conchological Ilustrations. 137 colored figures. Sowerby. Thesaurus Conchyliorum (and Supplement), vol. iii. 450 species ; the plates containing about 650 figures. Reeve. Conchologica Iconica (and Supplement). 337 species, Kiener. Coquilles Vivantes. 824 species, 111 plates. Weinkauff. In: Kiister’s Continuation of Martini and Chem- nitz’s Conchylien Cabinet (completed 1875). 411 species, 71 colored plates. Weinkaufi’s Catalogue of Conus, published in 1874, contains the names of 352 species, distributed into 17 groups or sec- tions :— 1. Marmorei (C. marmoreus, Linn.). 2. Literati (C. literatus, Linn.). 38. Figulini (C. figulinus, Linn.). 4. Arenati (C. are- natus, Hwass). 5. Mures (C.mus, Hwass). 6. Varii ( C. varius,” Linn.). 7. Ammirales (C. ammiralis, Linn.). 8. Capitanei (C. capitaneus, Linn.). 9. Virgines (C. virgo, Linn.). 10. Dauci (C.daucus, Hwass). 11. Magi(@. magus, Linn.). 12. Achatini- (C. achatinus, Chemn.). 13. Asperi (C. asper, Lam... 14. Terebri (C. terebra, Born). 15. Bulbi (C. bulbus, Reeve). 16. Tulip (C. tulipa, Linn.). 17. Texti (C. textile, Linn.). The Cones are very variaole in some of their characters, such as the tuberculation of the spire and body-whorl, striz., colors and the pattern of coloring; so that the synonymy is very difli- cult to arrange satisfactorily. A number of species have heen characterized since the date of the last-named publication, but on the other hand several species considered distinct by Dr. Weinkauff I have been obliged to consolidate, so that in the following pages, arranged mainly in accordance with his cata- logue, the number of admitted species will not be found to vary materially from his enumeration. CONIDA. 5 The family, as herein restricted, includes the single genus Conus. There are no extinct genera. GosaviA, Stoliczka, described as a member of the family, I have described and figured as a subgenus of Voluta (Man., iv, 78). Conorsis, Swainson, which may be subgenerically distinct, is described and figured in Struct. and Syst. Conch., ii, 188, t. 58, f.50. It is an eocene group. About 100 fossil species of Conus have been described; they are extensively distributed, and first appear in cretaceous strata. Dr. Weinkauff has added to his Systematic Catalogue of Conus, extensive tables of geographical distribution—in which the species found in each province are separately enumerated and named. The distribution may be summarized as follows :— 1. European Province,1 sp. 2. West African,27sp. 3. East American Province, 32 sp. 4. So. African, 22 sp. 5. West American (North, Central and South), 30 sp. 6. East African (including Madagascar and Red Sea), 8l sp. 7. South Asiatic, 76 sp. 8. East Asiatic (including Philippines and Sandwich Is.), 133 sp. 9. Australian, 113 sp. There are, of course, many duplications in these numbers; the distribution of many single forms throughout the sixth to ninth provinces, as above defined, indicates that for Conus (and for many other carnivorous gastropods) these divisions have no real existence. Mr. Arthur Adams, in his delightful natural history notes, in the Narrative of the Voyage of the Samarang, writes :— “The animal of Conus aulicus has the proboscis beautifully varied with red and white, and there is a square and very minute operculum on the dorsal surface of the hinder part of the foot. Its bite produces a venomed wound, accompanied by acute pain, and making a small, deep, triangular mark, which is suc- ceeded by a watery vesicle. At the little island of Meyo, one of the Moluccas, near Ternate, Sir Edward Belcher was bitten by one of these Cones, which suddenly exserted its proboscis as he took it out of the water with his hand, and he compared the sensation he experienced to that produced by the burning of phosphorus under the skin. The instrument which inflicted the wound, in this instance, I conceive, must have been the tongue, feos $ ae0 LIBRAR a eo m ~, B74 5S 7 “ ’ 6 CONIDA. which in these mollusks is long, and armed with two ranges of sharp pointed teeth. “The Cones become more numerous and varied in their colors, as we approach the equatorial seas, and they form bright and beautiful ornaments to the shores of tropical islands. They seem to prefer obscure holes in the rocks, where they lead a predatory life, boring into the substance of the shells of other mollusks, for the purpose of sucking the juice from their bodies. They crawl but slowly, and usually with their tentacles extended in a straight line before them. They are very timid, and shrink within their shells quickly on the approach of danger. Some affect deep water, and one was dredged by us in the Sunda Straits, in thirty fathoms; and another, the Conus Thalassiarchus, at Sooloo, in about forty fathoms.” “The proboscis in its retracted state, as seen in the animal preserved in spirits, is short, broad, conical, annulate, prominent, in the base of the tubular veil, with a roundish, central mouth. Instead of having any elongated lingual band covered with short transparent teeth, like the rest of the Proboscidifera and Ros- trifera, it has a fleshy tube with a bundle of subulate barbed teeth directed towards the mouth; this tube is prolonged behind and below at right-angles with its upper part and mouth into an elongated, fleshy, attenuated subulate tube, containing with its hinder edge two series of similar subulate red barbed teeth, directed from the aperture towards the apex of the tube. (A single tooth, greatly magnified, of C. Hebrzus, Linn., is repre- sented in Structural and Systematic Conchology, t. 10, f. 5.) “The teeth are implanted by a distinct root into the substance of the tube; those near the upper or oral part of the tube are placed rather irregularly in two parallel rows, but those nearer the tip are more crowded, and the lines gradually diverge from each other. ‘‘T shall not attempt to describe the manner in which these teeth are brought into action, as I have only seen them in the preserved specimen; but those nearest the mouth are probably used to pierce the animal, which is held fast by the contraction of the veil, as described by Adanson. The organization and structure of the mouth is so unlike that of the other Probosci- difera and Rostrifera, where the teeth are placed on a lingual \ * CONUS. i band and used to rasp the food, being replaced by others as soon as those in action are injured by use, that I am inclined to form the Cones into a third suborder, which may be called Toxifera ; and it is probable that the Pleurotomidz, which are described by Lovén as having similar subulate teeth in two series, should be placed in the same suborder,as they appear to differ from the Cones chiefly in the veil being truncated and not produced round the base of the proboscis.”—Dr. J. E. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Rebeca Nene pe LTT An operculum normally exists in all the groups of Conus (probably in all the species), but it is so very small relative to the size of the shell as to have generally escaped observation, and is very seldom preserved in collections. It is corneous, narrowly elongated, with apical nucleus, and the impression of the muscular attachment varies from one-half to two-thirds of the inner surface. The opercula of aynumber of species of Cones are figured and described by Crosse and Marie, in Journal de Conchyl., 1874. Operculum of C. textile, Linn. (PI. 29, figs. 92, 93). Sections of the shell of Conus, showing the structure and plan of growth, are figured in Structural and Systematic Conchology, i, Pl. 1, figs. 6, 7,8. The anatomy of Conus tulipa, Linn., is illustrated and described in the same work, i, Pl. 15, fig. 80. Sa Genus CONUS, Linn. Shell thick, obconic, whorls enrolled upon themselves, the spire short, smooth or tuberculated ; aperture elongated, narrow, the margins parallel, truncated at the base; the outer lip with a slight sutural sinus. Section I. MARMORETI. Conus (typical) of Mérch and H. and A. Adams. Coronazis, Swainson. Rhombus, Montfort. C. MARMOREUS, Linn. PI. 1, figs. 1-5. White or light pink-white, with chocolate or chestnut reticula- tions, so arranged as to expose the white in rounded triangular large spots; aperture white or light pink. Length, 4-5 inches. Indian Ocean, Japan, Australia, Polynesia, ete. The barbed teeth of this species inflict severe wounds. 8 _ CONUS. Var. BANDANUS, Hwass. PI. 1, fig. 2. The triangular white markings are more crowded than in the typical form ; the colored markings form two irregular bands. Philippines, New Caledonia, Banda, etc. Var. Crosseanus, Bernardi. PI. 1, fig. 3. The chocolate reticulations heavier and closer. New Caledonia. Var. NIGRESCENS, Sowb. PI. 1, fig. 4. Surface nearly entirely covered by the chocolate markings. Intermediate states of coloring are quite common, so that the division into varieties is arbitrary. Var. PSEUDOMARMOREUS, Desh. PI. 1, fig. 5. Shell regularly grooved throughout, spire rather more elevated, not tuberculated, last whorl somewhat convex on the sides. Length, 2 inches, Habitat unknown. Described from a single specimen, and at most only a variety of C. marmoreus. C. nocrurNnus, Hwass. PI. 1, figs. 6, 7. Pattern of markings essentially the same as in C. marmoreus, — but the chocolate-color coalesces into two broad irregular bands within which the triangular white spots appear only occasionally. Length, 2-3 inches. Ceylon, Java, Mauritius, Moluccas, Viti Isles, etc. In C. Deburghiz, Sowb. (fig. 7), the surface is sometimes granular in revolving lines, and the nodules are compressed. C. aRANEOsUS, Hwass. PI. 1, figs. 8-10. Shell very closely reticulated with white and light chestnut, the white spots crowded and irregular in size, the chestnut lines forming two interrupted, irregular bands. Length, 2 5-4 inches. Ceylon, Philippines, Moluccas. Dr. Weinkauff has adopted the name C. peplum, Chemnitz, for this species, but that author only happened to be binomial in this instance, many of his other Cones being designated by a descriptive phrase; I therefore prefer to retain the better known, if later name given by Hwass. This species is in part the C. arachnoideus of Gmelin. CONUS. 9 Var. Nicoparicus, Hwass. PI. 1, fig. 9. Reticulating lines chocolate-color, the two bands usually better defined. Ceylon, Nicobar Isles. Var. vipua, Reeve. Pl. 1, fig. 10. Very like variety Nicobaricus, the bands not so well outlined usually, and having scattered triangular white spots upon them. ; Philippines. In this species, as in C. marmoreus, the varieties are entirely arbitrary. C. IMPpERIALIS, Linn. PI. 1, figs. 11-13. Shell yellowish white, with numerous interrupted revolving lines and spots of dark brown and two irregular light brown bands. Length, 2-3 inches. . Ceylon, Java to New Caledonia and Viti Isles. Var. Fuscatus, Lam. PI. 1, fig. 13. The light brown coloring extends in clouds and irregular markings over the surface, so that the bands can scarcely be defined. Zanzibar, Mozambique, Philippines, ete. Var. virnipuLus, Lam. The coloring is olive-brown, irregularly but somewhat longi- tudinally disposed, with more or less indication of two bands. Zanzibar. C. Reciuzianus, Bernardi. Pl. 1, fig. 14. Yellowish white, with irregular broad yellowish brown bands and spots. Length, 58 mill. Yellow Sea. Only a single specimen occurred, which is possibly faded in coloring. ‘C. zonatus, Hwass. PI. 1, fig. 15. Purple ash, with narrow chestnut revolving lines and white spots, the latter frequently irregularly coalescing. Length, 2-3 inches. Ceylon, Nicobar Isles. C. MARcHIONATUS, Hinds. Pl. 2, fig.16; Pl. 27, fig. 3. Yellowish or light brown, with large white rounded triangular spots. Length, 1-1-5 inches. Marquesas Islands. 10 CONUS. Pattern of coloring very like C. marmoreus, but lighter; the shell is immediately distinguished by the want of the coronal of tubercles and its usually small size. Mr. Melville, of Prestwich, near Manchester, England, who possesses a remarkable collec- tion of Cones, has sent me a colored drawing of a gigantic specimen in his collection, 2°25 inches in length; he proposes to call it var. eudoxus (PI. 27, fig. 3). Section II. Lirerart. Lithoconus (ex parte), Morch. C. Literatvus, Linn. PI. 2, figs. 17-19. ‘Shell white, with usually two or three broad light yellow or orange-brown bands, marked with revolving series of large and small dark chocolate or nearly black, round, square or triangular spots; these spots are frequently elongated longitudinally, and sometimes partially coalesce so as to form interrupted longi- tudinal stripes; base of shell often tinged with chocolate. Length, 3—5°5 inches. Zanzibar, Ceylon, Java, Singapore, New Caledonia, Viti Is. C. Gruneri, Reeve (fig. 18), from the island of Java, appears to be a young shell without any distinguishable characters. Var. MILLEPUNCTATUS, Lam. PI. 2, fig. 19. Said to differ from C. literatus in the spots being smaller and much more numerous, and in the absence of the yellow bands. It is connected by intermediate stages with the typical lzteratus. C. catatus, A. Adams. PI. 2, fig. 20. Shell small, with revolving grooves, which are longitudinally striate; spire minutely coronate, the apex acutely elevated ; white, widely reticulated with orange. Length, 16 mill. China. I am not acquainted with this species. -C. PLANAXIS, Deshayes. PI. 2, fig. 21. Yellowish, encircled by narrow, more or less interrupted chestnut lines, chocolate-tinged at the base. Length, 19 mill. Isle of Bourbon. An unsatisfactory species, being evidently described from a very young shell. x. CONUS. 11 C. musicus, Hwass. PI. 2, figs 22, 23. Whitish, with light ash-violet broad bands and narrow revol- ving lines of chocolate, broken up into short lines and spots; spire often slightly coronate, rayed with chocolate. Length, 15-25 mill. Philippines, Australia, Solomon’s Is., New Caledonia. C. Mighelsi, Kiener (fig. 23), is a synonym. C. EBURNEUS, Hwass. PI. 2, figs. 24, 25. Shell white, usually with two or three light yellowish bands, marked with very dark chocolate revolving spots. Length, 2 inches. Ceylon to Viti Islands. Much smaller and more swollen in outline than C. literatus, lower part of the body-whorl distinctly grooved, spire with two impressed revolving lines, spots smaller than in C. literatus. C. polyglotta, A. Ad. (fig. 25), varies slightly in the disposition of the coloring. C. TESSELLATUS, Born. Plate 2, figs. 26, 27. Shell white, with reddish orange spots and short lines in ‘revolving series, and forming by crowding together two irregular bands; base stained with light violet. Length, 2—-2°5 inches. Red Sea, Ceylon, Mozambique, Mauritius, Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesia. Has the same revolving sculpture at base and on the spire as C. eburneus ; the difference is in coloring only. C. crassus, Sowb. (fig. 27), is shorter and more ventricose, but can scarcely claim varietal rank. Vitti Islands. C. BAYLEI, Jousseaume. PI. 2, fig. 28. White, with light brown spots disposed in revolving series and indistinctly forming bands; base of shell and spire without revolving grooves, Length, 32 mill. Habitat unknown, Distinguished from C. tessellatus by the smooth surface. C. suturatTus, Reeve. PI. 2, figs. 29, 29a. Shell yellowish or pink-white, with broad light brown bands ; spire and base sulcate. Length, 28 mill. North Australia. 12 CONUS. Reeve’s original description and figure were made from a dead, faded and depauperate shell (fig. 29). C. Proreus, Hwass. Pl. 2, figs. 30-35; Pl. 3, fig. 36. Shell white, with revolving series of spots and irregular or cloud-like markings of orange, chestnut or chocolate, often form- ing interrupted bands; base grooved, spire with a single broad sulcus. Length, 1°5-2°5 inches. ¢ West Indies, Florida. Dr. Weinkauff has distinguished C. leoninus, Chemn., not Hwass, said to come from the East Indies, but it does not appear to me to be different; C. leoninus of Hwass (fig. 31) is certainly the same. OC. spurius, Gmelin, of authors (fig. 32) may also be placed here confidently, but the original description must remain a doubtful identification. C. ochraceus, Lam. (fig. 33 ,if correctly identified by Reeve and Sowerby, and C. brevi- culus, Sowb., are also synonyms; and C. armillatus, C. B. Ad., is a young shell. Var. BICOLOR, Sowb. PI. 2, fig. 34. Shell shorter and wider at the spire than the usual form. West Africa. Var. PAPILIONACEUS, Hwass. PI. 2, fig. 35. Spire generally more depressed than in the typical form, the revolving rows of spots of smaller size, closer and more numerous. Length, 2—2°5 inches. Senegal; Canaries; St. Thomas, West Indies (Swift). Merges into the type by insensible gradations. Var. SIAMENSIS, Hwass. PI. 3, fig. 36. Distinguished from var. papilionaceus by having more numer- ous narrow articulated fillets. The locality indicated by the name is exceedingly doubtful. C. FLAMMEvS, Lam. PI. 3, fig. 37. Yellowish white, flamed and spotted with chestnut, the flames usually longitudinally disposed, forming revolving bands, the spots in revolving series. Length, 2-2°75 inches. West Coast of Africa; Honduras (Dyson). This is the C. Lorenzianus of Chemnitz, and very probably only a variety of C. Proteus, Hwass. CONUS. ies C. CHARACTERISTICUS (Chemn.), Auct. Pl. 3, figs. 38, 39. White, irregularly longitudinally flamed, forming two (or sometimes three) interrupted broad bands; body-whorl some- what inflated, rounded at the upper part, striate below; spire striate. Length, 2 inches. West Africa, West Indies (authors); Borneo. The West Indies are not confirmed as locality by any of the local collectors. “Borneo” is upon the label of specimens before me, purchased from a London dealer. Deshayes, in the second edition of Lamarck, admits the identity with this of Lamarck’s C. questor and C. muscosus, the latter being not adult. C. Pauline, Kiener, is also a synonym, according to Dr. Wein- kauif, and from the description of the unfigured C. Masont, Nevill (Indian Ocean), I am inclined to place it here also. C. succinctus, A. Ad. PI. 3, fig. 40. Light rose-colored, with two revolving lines of chestnut ¢lots. Length, 27 mill. Natal, South Africa. C. amBicuus, Reeve. PI. 3, figs. 41, 42. Whitish, with obscure, light brown bands, and longitudinal streaks; spire ornamented with arched brownish spots. Length, 1:5 inches. West Africa. Reeve says: ‘ There is always a doubtful character about shells exhibiting faint indications of color; I have not, however, succeeded in referring this to any species hitherto described.” C. griseus, Kiener (fig. 42), is a synonym. C. TRocuuLus, Reeve. Pl. 3, fig. 43 a. Shell white, with usually a violet tinge, interior of aperture’ light violet. Length, 1°25-1°5 inches. Cape Verd Islands. C. cUNEIFORMIS, Smith. Pl. 3, fig. 43. White, faintly tinted with purple, spire, particularly towards the apex, stained with pale brown; interior of aperture light violet ; spire with three or four fine spiral striz; body-whorl with revolving grooves, which become obsolete upon its upper third. Length, 1] inch. Habitat unknown, 14 CONUS. Distinguished from C. trochulus by its narrower, straighter form, the sulcated body-whorl and striated spire. C. cyanostoma, A. Ad. PI. 3, fig. 44. Shell doubly striated on the spire, with revolving striz towards the base; ash-color, with longitudinal, brown markings, aperture violaceous. Length, 1 inch. West Africa. May perhaps = C. trochulus, Reeve, as suggested by Wein- kautf, but none of my specimens of the latter species have strize on the spire, and they are all white, as in all the published figures. C. ctarus, E. A. Smith. Shell abbreviately turbinate, rosy white, suleate towards the base; spire depressed-conical, striate; angle of body-whorl carinated; aperture light rosaceous. Length, 27 mill. West Australia. Ay, unfigured species, represented by a single specimen in the British Museum. It is said to somewhat resemble C. cyanostoma, A. Adams, but is narrower. C. rricipus, Reeve. Plate 3, fig. 45. Shell pale straw-color, violaceous at base and apex; spire three-grooved, revolving striz on the lower part of the body- whorl, which become granulose towards the base. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. A species having no well-marked characters. C. venuLatTus, Hwass. PI. 3, figs. 46-50. Color varying from light chestnut to dark chocolate, with indistinct darker revolving lines, irregularly marbled throughout with white; spire and lower part of body-whorl striate. Length, 1:25—2 inches. West Coast of Africa. The synonyms are C. nivosus, Lam. (fig. 47), and C. ateralbus, Kiener. Dr. Weinkauff considers C. unifasciatus, Kiener, a juvenile of the species, but does not state his reasons; the figure is so different that I cannot agree to place the species here. CONUS. 15 Var. NivirER, Brod. PI. 3, figs. 48, 49. The revolving lines of color are more distinct, with less of the white maculation. Var. Crorcuil, Reeve. PI. 3, fig. 50. Shell smooth, striated at base and on the spire; white, very closely encircled throughout with fine thread-like burnt-brown lines, sometimes interrupted with a few snow-white spots, spire with the edge of the last whorl spotted with brown. Saldana Bay, So. Africa; W. Africa. Reeve describes this as a species, distinguishing it from C. venulatus by the striate spire; but the spire is distinctly striate in a large proportion of the specimens (some are smooth) of C. venulatus before me. C. cenuanus, Hwass. PI. 3, fig. 51. Shell pink-brown or violaceous brown, with revolving narrow lines of alternate white and chocolate quadrangular spots and dashes, these lines being usually alternately larger and smaller. The surface is usually smooth, but sometimes the lines are slightly elevated ; spire smooth. Length, 1°5—-2 inches. Sones gal, Guinea, Moluccas. C. ProMetTuEus, Hwass. PI. 3, fig. 52. Shell narrow, rather thin, spire sulcate; white, variegated with numerous lines of short dashes and spots of light chestnut. Length, 3-9 inches. x. Agr ica, Madagascar, Senegal (Mus. Acad. Nat. Sciences). This is the largest of the Cones, and is of very light build, considering its size. A magnificent series is before me, including the individual measuring nine inches in length, and which were brought to Philadelphia by a vessel trading to the Gaboon region. The smaller specimens approach too closely to C. papilionaceus. C. Ferausont, Sowb. PI. 4, fig. 52 a. White, under a brown epidermis, lightly striulate transversely ; shell heavy, with slightly channeled spire. Length, 5°75 inches. Panama (Ferguson): This species, which I have not seen, appears very like a faded specimen of the last. The locality rests upon the original 16 CONUS. description; none other of the numerous Panama collections published include any similar shell. O. Omaicus, Hwass. PI. 4, fig. 53. Shell narrow, whitish, encircled by numerous lines of square spots and dashes of orange-brown, often forming two or three broad bands by their approximation. Length, 2-2°75 inches. Ins. Oma, Banda Group; Amboina. Section III. Fiau int. Dendroconus, Swainson, Morch. C. BeTuLINuS, Linn. PI. 4, figs. 54, 55. Shell yellow or orange-brown, with revolving series of spots, and short lines of chocolate upon narrow white bands, spire radiated with chocolate; base of shell strongly grooved. Length, 2°5—4 inches. L. Africa, Isle of Bourbon, Ceylon, Java, China, Philippines. Var. SuRATENSIS, Hwass. PI. 4, fig. 55. Spots more numerous; the more rugose growth-lines cause them to be rather regularly interrupted, so that they form longi- tudinal as well as revolving series. Philippines. C. cuaucus, Hwass. PI. 4, fig. 56. Bluish ash or very light chocolate, with usually a lighter narrow central band, and numerous short chocolate lines in revolving series, spire broadly radiated with chocolate. Length, 2 inches. Sumatra, Borneo, Moluceas, Philippines. Resembles C. betulinus, var. Suratensis, but may be distin- guished mainly by its color. C. FiguLinus, Linn. PI. 4, figs.57, 58; Pl. 27, fig. 1. Chestnut-color, encircled by numerous narrow chocolate lines, spire chocolate-colored. Length, 2-3°5 inches. Ceylon, Java, Philippines, New Caledonia. The body-whorl is occasionally narrowly light-banded in the middle. Var. Lororst, Kiener. PI. 4, fig. 58. Shell larger, with more depressed spire than usual in jigulinus; CONUS. Ve ash or chocolate cream-color, generally with an obscure light central band, sometimes with more or less obscure chestnut revolving lines, but generally these are absent; spire often radiately streaked with chestnut. This ‘variety is almost intermediate between the typical C. Jigulinus and C. glaucus, Hwass. Var. CHYTREUS, Melvill. Pl. 27, fig. 1. Shell small, slightly turbinated, brown, encircled with unevenly placed, thick, dark red-brown lines, aperture narrow, spire some- what rounded. Length, °63 inch. Smaller and with thicker and more irregular color-lines than the type; aperture narrower. C. queRcinus, Hwass. PI. 4, fig. 59. Shell lemon-yellow, with numerous fine, rather close, chestnut revolving lines; spire rather elevated, with concave outline, the shoulder of the body-whorl obtusely angulated. Length, 2—4 inches. Red Sea, HE. Africa, Mauritius, Ceylon, Philippines, Viti Islands, Sandwich Islands. The revolving lines are much finer and closer than in the pre- ceding species of this group; the form of the spire is also different. In old specimens the revolving lines become obsolete; the shell in this state has received the name of C. ponderosus, Beck. C. pygirormMis, Reeve. Pl. 4, figs. 60, 61. Shell light flesh-color, the spire gently acuminate, the earlier whorls tuberculated, body-whorl pyriform, the outline concave below, with revolving striz towards the base. Length, 2-3 inches. West Columbia, Panama, ete. C. patricius, Hinds (fig. 61), is the young of this species. C. Catirornicus, Hinds. PI. 4, figs. 62, 63. Shell smooth, with convexly elevated spire, which is some- times striate, and pyriform body-whorl, rounded or slightly angulated at the shoulder, and striated towards the base; light olive-brown, with or without obscure chestnut reticulations and maculations, sometimes light- or dark-spotted on the shoulder, 2 18 CONUS. usually invested with a rather thin brown epidermis; aperture - more or less tinged with chocolate. Length, 25-33 mill. California. C. dealbatus, A. Ad. (fig. 63), is a synonym. C. unirascratus, Kiener. PI. 4, fig. 65. Shell the general form of C. Californicus; chocolate, with a rather broad yellowish brown band just below the shoulder. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Dr. Weinkauff makes this a juvenile of C. venulatus, Hwass, but it does not appear to me to be closely allied to that species, either in form or coloring; on the contrary, its resemblance to C. Californicus is so great that I feel nearly certain that it should be united with that species. C. scatprus, Reeve. PI. 4, fig. 64. Shell turbinated, rather solid, polished, grooved towards the base; whitish, with numerous hair-like, light brown, revolving lines ; spire spirally striated, rather elevated, with sharp apex, variegated with chestnut-color. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Dr. Weinkauff gives California as locality, but this must be considered very doubtful, as the numerous collectors on that coast have not yet discovered it. ys Section IV. ARENATI. Puncticulis, Swains., Morch. ‘(C. ARENATUS, Hwass. PI. 4, fig. 66; Pl. 27, fig. 2. Shell stoutly turbinated, coronated on the spire; white, sprinkled in a waved longitudinal manner with very small, close brown dots, sometimes forming indistinct bands; aperture usually light flesh-color. Length, 2 inches. Red Sea, EL. Africa, Ceylon, Philippines, N. Caledonia, Viti Isles. Var. MESOKATHAROS, Melvill. Pl. 27, fig. 2. Middle portion of body-whorl unspotted. C. oprsus, Hwass. Pl. 4, fig. 67. Shell obsoletely coronated with tubercles, body-whorl some- what convex, stout; white or very pale yellow or blush, faintly CONUS. 19 clouded, with numerous small chestnut or chocolate spots and short lines, often forming dark clouds, so placed as to make interrupted, revolving bands. Length, 2—2°75 inches. Ceylon, Java. C. punicarius, Hwass. PI. 4, fig. 68; PI. 5, fig. 69. Shell white, the spire tubercuiated, covered by dark chocolate or nearly black spots, which sometimes by their juxtaposition indicate two bands; epidermis, as in the other species of the group, very thin, translucent. Length, 1:°5-2°5 inches. Japan, New Guinea, New Caledonia to Central Polynesia. C. fustigatus, Hwass (fig. 68), includes the varieties in which the spots are larger and less numerous. C. Vautireri, Kiener. PI. 5, fig. 70. Spire tuberculate, sides of body-whorl nearly direct ; white, with chestnut spots, overlaid here and there by lighter chestnut clouds. Length, 33 mill. NV. Caledonia, Marquesas Islands. C. sTERCUS-MUScARUM, Linn. PI. 5, fig. 71. Shell with somewhat convex sides, a rather short, conical spire, which is broadly channeled, and acutely angulated shoulder; white with numerous revolving lines of chocolate and opaque white spots, and chocolate or chestnut cloudings forming interrupted broad bands; spire darkly maculated and spotted ; aperture tinged more or less with flesh-color. Length, 2 inches. Ceylon, Java, Philippines, N. Australia. Section V. MurEs. Coronaxis, Mirch, not Swainson. ©. Mus, Hwass. PI. 5, figs. 72, 73. Shell with tuberculated spire, the body-whorl covered by nar- row, raised revolving striz; ash-white, longitudinally streaked and maculated with chestnut, the tubercles of the spire white, and usually a white band below the middle of the body-whorl ; aperture chestnut-colored, with a central white band. Length, 1-1-75 inches. West Indies, Florida. 20 CONUS. Var. rosEus, Lam. PI. 5, fig. 73. Shell usually larger, rosy-, or purple-, or even yellowish-brown, with white tubercles and a distinct white band below the middle of the body-whorl; the striz are often punctate with chestnut, and the spire is spotted with chestnut between the tubercles ; aperture rosy or chestnut-color with a central white band. Length, 1-5-2 inches. C. punctatus (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 5, fig. 74. Shell yellowish pink or light yellowish brown, with (usually) raised revolving lines closely marked with red or chestnut dots, indistinctly white-banded on the middle, and often at the shoul- der of the body-whorl; spire with revolving striz and brown maculations—which often extend irregularly down the body- whorl. Length, 1°5—2°25 inches. West Africa, Ceylon, Moluccas, West Indies (Swift coll.). ©. Hesraus, Linn. - Pl. 5, figs. 75-77; Pl: 27, fig. 13. Shell white, sometimes rose-tinted, with three or four revolving bands composed of irregular longitudinal dark chocolate or nearly black markings; these markings also ornament the slightly coronated spire; aperture white with clouded bands corresponding with the exterior markings; surface more or less striate throughout, but strize more prominent towards the dark stained base. Length, 1-1°75 inches. Ceylon, E. Africa, Mauritius, Japan, Philippines, New Caledonia to Viti Is., ete. C. sphacelatus, Sowb. (fig. 76),is considered by Dr. Weinkauff, the juvenile of this species; that it is a very young shell is evi- dent, but Iam by no means convinced that it is properly placed here; Mr. Melvill, who possesses the type specimen, considers - it a distinct species. Var. VERMICULATUS, Hwass. PI. 5, fig. 77. The black markings are more continuous, so as usually to cover the length of the shell except an irregular white central band; sometimes these markings are impressed so that the intervening white spaces project granulously or tuberculately above the surface ; occasionally also the entire surface becomes dark chocolate with the exception of the white band,and a white CONUS. 21 Spot here and there. Not so large as the type, rarely exceeding an inch in length. C. MACULIFERUS, Sowb. PI. 5, fig. 78. Shell wide, with short spire, slightly corenate; yellowish white with two revolving series of irregular longitudinal chestnut markings, which are sometimes partially connected one with another in each series. Length, 30 mill. Red Sea. C. BALTEATUS, Sowb. PI. 5, figs. 79-81. Shell olive-brown or brown violaceous, with a more or less irregular white band below the middle, and another one below the tuberculated spire; interior of aperture tinged with violet. Length, 1 inch. Philippines, Nicobar Islands, Mauritius. C. pigmentatus, Adams and Reeve (fig. 80), and C. cernicus, H. Adams (fig. 81),are synonyms. In the latter,and sometimes also in the former, the painting is more or less obscurely macu- lated with white, but the specimens before me sufliciently indi- cate the identity of these species. C. encAustus, Kiener. PI. 5, figs. 82, 83. Spire depressed, grooved and coronated with tubercles, body- whorl with distant punctured grooves, more strongly and closely grooved towards the base; clouded with chocolate- and ash-color, and encircled with numerous chocolate and white spots in lines ; aperture purplish. Length, 1:25 mill. Marquesas Islands. C. pretextus, Reeve (fig. 83), is a synonym. C. mitraRgis, Hwass. PI. 5, figs. 84-90; Pl. 27, fig. 12. Shell with spire more or less raised, striate or sometimes nearly smooth, with or without tubercles; body-whorl striate, the striz usually granulous towards the base, and sometimes throughout ; yellowish or light chestnut or grayish, variously clouded with darker chestnut or olive, often irregularly light-banded at the middle, and below the spire, and encircled with chestnut spots on the striz; interior chocolate, with a central white band. Length, °75—-1°25 inches. Red Sea to Isle of Bourbon and Natal, and to Sandwich and Galapagos Islands. 22 CONUS. A species of wide distribution, and apparently everywhere common. There is considerable variation in the height and cor- onation of the spire, as well as in the color and pattern of the markings, and the consequence has been the description of several species, which the large series of specimens before me compels me to unite. C. minimus of Linneus has been identi-- fied with members of this group, but, as pointed out by Dr. Weinkauff, erroneously. The latter author has made C. minimus = C. achatinus. Hanley did not find any shell labeled minimus in the Linnean collection. The synonyms include C. tiaratus, Brod. (fig. 85), C. fulgetrum, Sowb. (fig. 86), C. scaber, Kiener (fig. 87), and C. coronatus, Dillw. Var. ABBREVIATUS, Nuttall. Pl. 5, fig. 89. The spots are more distant and somewhat more regularly disposed. Sandwich Islands. C. Barbadensis, Hwass (not Reeve), is probably identical, and does not inhabit the West Indies. Var. ARISTOPHANES, Duclos. PI. 5, fig. 90. Shell violaceous gray, somewhat clouded with pink-white, the revolving lines milk-white, interrupted by chestnut short.dashes and spots. Red Sea, Philippines, Polynesia. C. BAccaTus, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 92. Shell minutely decussated, with regular rows of conspicuous granules; whitish, with large orange blotches arranged in three bands ; spire-whorls concave, nearly smooth ; body-whorl with a biangulate shoulder. Length, 23 mill. Fiabitat unknown. Described from a unique specimen in the collection of Dr. Prevost, of Alengon. C. REFLECTUS, Sowb. PI. 6,-fig. 91. Shell pear-shaped, anteriorly granulated, otherwise smooth, very minutely coronated, spire closely grooved; whitish, with two broad bands of rose-color clouded with brown. Length, 25 mill. Habitat unknown. Described from a single specimen. CONUS. 23 C. TraniatTus, Hwass. PI. 6, fig. 93. Shell indistinctly zoned alternately with pale violaceous and white, vividly encircled with fillets of dark chocolate and white articulations ; spire obsoletely coronated. Length, 1—-1:25 inches. : Red Sea, Ceylon, China. Very close to C. genuanus in general appearance, but the articulations sre more regular in size and position, the spire is slightly tuberculate. C. CryLonensis, Hwass. PI. 6, figs. 94-100. Shell coronated, with rather depressed spire, granular striate towards the base; white, variously marbled with chestnut, often obscurely white-banded at the upper part and below the middle of the body-whorl, base tinged with violet. Length, -75—9 inch. Red Sea, Ceylon, West Africa, Mauritius, Australia, New Caledonia, Polynesia to Sandwich 1s., Mazatlan, Cape St. Lucas. C. nux, Brod. (fig. 95), and C. pusillus, Gould, are synonyms. Var. acutus, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 96. Spire more elevated, shell smaller. Ceylon. Var. PUSILLUS (Chemn.), Auct. Pl. 6, fig. 97. Shell white with revolving rows of chestnut spots. Varies from Ceylonensis in the same way that var. abbreviaius does from miliaris. Var. TENUISULCATUS, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 98. Lower half of the body-whorl finely suleate; white marbled with light chestnut, with two darker bands, which are flecked with white; base and aperture violaceous, Mauritius. Var. SPONSALIS, Chemn. PI. 6, fig. 99. Body-whorl somewhat convex on the sides, wide at the shoul- der, which is somewhat rounded; yellowish white, with a few chestnut or red zigzag longitudinal markings, forming an inter- rupted broad superior, and often a narrower inferior band ; base violaceous. : Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesia. 94 CONUS. This is possibly a distinct species; in which case the preceding and following varieties should be placed with it. Var. NANUs, Brod. PI. 6, fig. 100. Shell usually smaller than the type, white, under a thin, light yellowish brown epidermis, obsoletely mipeuiined or se gs spotted with chestnut, base violaceous. Polynesia, Aveiralee C. speciosus, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 1. Spire minutely crenulated ; irregularly marbled with chestnut and white. Length, °8 inch. Locality unknown. Is probably a juvenile shell; differs from C. Ceylonensis in the base being without violet tint. C. Coupert!, Bernardi. PI. 6, fig. 2. Spire not crenulated, marbled with chestnut and white, obscurely indicating three bands. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Closely related to the foregoing species; if identical, as sur- mised by Dr. Weinkauff, Sowerby’s name will become a synonym. C. nutitus, Menke. PI. 6, fig. 3. Shell thin, somewhat inflated, slightly coronated, surface covered by close, nearly obsolete revolving striz; brown or brick-red, either unspotted or with faint darker dots in revolving series. Length, ‘5 inch. Australia, Tasmania. C. Macleayanus and C. Tasmanicus, Tenison-Woods, are syn- onyms. ©. Smirai, Angas. PI. 6, fig. 4. Shell not coronated, spirally grooved towards the base; straw- color or pink, clouded with pale chestnut, with (sometimes obsolete) revolving lines of chestnut and white articulations, and a faint white band; spire maculated with chestnut. Length, ‘5 inch. Botany Bay (Brazier); Port Stephens, Australia (Cox). Is perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. C. ponTIFICALIS, Lam. PI. 6, fig. 5. Spire convexly elevated and tuberculated, whole surface covered by very fine minutely punctured revolving lines; epi- CONUS. a dermis yellowish olive, very thin, usually persistent in a very broad band upon the body-whorl, but absent from narrow shoulder and basal bands, which, with the spire, are white. Length, 1-1°25 inches. : Tasmania. Section VI. Varu. Coronaxis, Stephanoconus and Leptoconus, in part. C. AURANTIUS, Hwass. PI. 6, figs. 6, T. Shell with elevated, tuberculated spire; surface irregularly clouded with chestnut or orange and white, and minutely marked with interrupted narrow brown or orange revolving lines, more or less broken up into articulations ; upon the lower half of the body-whorl these lines become striz, and are distantly, minutely granular. Length, 1°5—2 inches. Philippines, Moluccas, New Caledonia. A narrow shell, with more conical spire than the common West Indian species, C. nebulosus. C. leucostictus, Gmel., includes several species; Sowerby’s identification of it may be placed here. C. varius, Linn. PI. 6, figs. 8-10. White, marbled with orange, rose, chestnut or chocolate, with sometimes revolving lines of spots; spire with rather small tubercles, basal half of body-whorl with revolving grooves, upper half of body-whorl with revolving rows of tubercles, which become more distinct towards the spire. Length, 25-40 mill. Australia, New Caledonia, Philippines, Moluccas. The synonyms include C. interruptus, Mawe (fig. 10) = C. pulchellus, Sowb., not Swains., = C. Hwassi, A. Ad. C. sUPERSCRIPTUS, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 11. Shell smooth, strongly grooved anteriorly; whitish tinged with blue, irregularly ornamented with large yellowish blotches, and encircled by numerous narrow bands composed of letter-like spots; spire grooved, maculated ; aperture tinged with purplish brown. Length, 27 mill. Madagascar. Described from a single specimen in the collection of the Marchioness Paulucci, Florence. 26 CONUS. C. Beticus, Reeve. Pl. 6, figs. 12—14. Spire striate, slightly tuberculate, body-whorl granular, striate towards the base; white, marbled with chestnut or chocolate, with revolving rows of chestnut spots. Length, 1—-1‘5 inches. Philippines, Moluccas. C. rivularis, Reeve (fig. 13), in which the granules extend more or less over the entire surface, may be considered a synonym or slight variety, the variation being in the direction of the pre- ceding species. C. albomaculatus, Sowb. (fig. 14), is a similar shell, and has priority of publication, but Iam not positive as to its identity with beticus. ‘ C. mMuRICcULATUS, SOwb. PI. 6, fig. 15. Shell with straight sides, and short conical spire, the shoulder sharply angulated and tuberculated ; body-whorl strongly striate towards the base, encircled throughout with lines of granules ; white, violet-tinged towards the base, with two light chestnut or yellowish brown, broad, irregular and somewhat indistinct bands. Length, 1 inch. Philippines. C. pLumMBEus, Reeve. PI. 7, figs. 16, 17. Shell violaceous, more or less marbled with chestnut, and more or less granular on the body-whorl; spire convexly conical, tuberculated ; aperture violaceous. Length, 1 inch. South Africa. C. liratus, Reeve, is a juvenile of this species. It is closely related to C. muriculatus. C. Motuccensis (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 7, figs. 18, 19. Shell coronated ; yellowish white, marbled and streaked with chestnut, with minute revolving lines of granules which are often somewhat articulated red-brown and white. Length, 1:6 inches. Moluccas. The synonyms are C. Stainforthiti, Reeve, and C. proximus, Sowb. (PI. 7, fig. 19); the latter less granulate and apparently not fully grown. C. MaGcELuanicus, Hwass. PI. 7, figs. 20-23 Shell smooth, with distant revolving striz, the upper ones nearly obsolete ; spire concavely depressed, with raised apex and CONUS. 27 somewhat tuberculate; yellowish with a band of irregular white blotches dotted and shaded with chestnut in the centre, and smaller ones at the upper part and base; apex pink. Length, | inch. West Indies 2 Dr. Weinkauff quotes several West Indian Islands as loeali- ties for this species, but it is not in the Swift collection of W. I. shells, nor does it occur in Mr. Krebs’ catalogue. Possibly it is a variation of C. nebulosus, Linn. C. speciosissimus, Reeve (fig. 21), is a variety, according to Dr. Weinkauff, and C. Lubeckianus, Bernardi (fig. 22), is a pale example of it. Sowerby considers C. cidaris, Kiener (fig. 23), another variety. C. CARDINALIS, Hwass. PI. 1, fig. 24. Spire tuberculated ; body-whorl encircled by lines of granules; yellowish pink or scarlet-pink, with an irregular central white band, which is occasionally spotted with brown. Length, 1 inch. Lesser Antilles, Venezuela ? C. piantHus, Sowb. PI. 7, fig. 25. Shell rather abbreviately conical, pale pink, with irregular patches of orange; with rather distant revolving ridges and faint longitudinal striz, undulating across the ribs and forming thereon minute scales; last whorl obscurely coronated ; aperture pink within. Length, 28 mill. Habitat unknown. C. Arcuon, Brod. PI. 7, figs. 96-29. Spire concavely elevated, not coronated ; body-whorl smooth, slightly striate below; irregularly marbled with chestnut and white, with equidistant chestnut revolving lines bearing white spots. Length, 1°5-2°75 inches. West Coast of Central America. C. castaneus, Kiener (fig. 27), is a synonym. Var. GRANARIUS, Kiener. : Pl. 7, fig. 29. The white spots upon the revolving lines are granularly elevated. C. sanguineus, Kiener (fig. 28), is a similar shell. g p] co) ? 28 CONUS. C. Lamperti, Souverbie. PI. 7, fig. 30. Shell smooth ; orange-brown, with large subtriangular white patches, mostly arranged so as to indicate three broad bands. Length, 107 mill. New Caledonia. C. NEBULOsUS, Solander. PI. 7, figs. 31-34. Spire concavely elevated, tuberculate, closely striate; nebu- lously painted with orange-brown, chestnut or chocolate and white, the latter forming usually an interrupted and irregular central band, besides being miscellaneously disposed on other parts of the surface; encircled by close narrow brown lines, which are sometimes slightly raised. Length, 1°5—2°25 inches. West Indies and the adjoining shores of N.and S. America. The variations of this beautiful species in the shades and pat- tern of coloring are almost endless. It is the C. leucostictus, Gmelin, of Crosse, and includes also the C. Barbadensis of Reeve, not Hwass, C. solidus, Chemn., and C. cedo-nulli, Hwass (figs. 832-34). The latter has usually been considered a distinct species, but its characters of narrower shoulder and spotted lines have no distinctive value. C. Taytorranus, E. A. Smith. Pl. 7, fig. 35. Spire coronate, body-whorl with punctate revolving grooves; very dark chocolate, with a few white patches. Length, 20 mill. Australia ? C. BRUNNEUS, Gray. PI. 7, figs. 36, 37. Spire short conical, tuberculate; chestnut-brown, lineated with chocolate, with sometimes longitudinal white maculations form- ing a broad central interrupted band, and a few additional maculations on other portions of the surface; base subgranularly striate. Length, 1°75 inches. W. Coast of Cent. America, Galapagos Is. Rather closely related to varieties of C. nebulosus. The uni- formly brown-colored specimens — C’. diadema, Sowb. (fig. 36). C. GLADIATOR, Brod. PI. 8. fig. 38. Spire rather depressed, tuberculate and striate; chocolate- brown, variegated with white, disposed in longitudinal streaks, with an irregular white band,and more or less distinct revolving CONUS. 29 lines of darker brown; interior white or tinged with chocolate ; epidermis fibrous. Length, 1:25-1-75 inches. West Coast of Cent. America. Too closely allied to C. brunneus. C. surrusus, Sowb. PI. 8, figs. 39, 40. Shell tuberculate on the spire, entire surface with revolving fine strive, becoming faint or obsolete above; rosy, more or less faintly three- or four-banded with light chestnut; epidermis thin, light olivaceous. Length, 2°25 inches. New Caledonia. Crosse’s var. Noumeensis (fig. 40) can be united with the typical suffusus, its distinctive character being slight. C. princers, Linn. PI. 8, figs. 41-43. Shell with low, distantly but distinctly tuberculated spire, and direct sides, slightly striate at the base; yellowish brown, orange or pink, sometimes without markings, but usually with irregular longitudinal chestnut or chocolate strigations most of which are continuous from spire to base, and varying from fine and close to heavier and more distant markings; interior yellow or pink; epidermis dark brown, fibrous, with distant revolving series of tufted spots. Length, 1°5-2°25 inches. West Coast of Central America. The broad-striped state is C. regius, Chemn. (fig. 42); that with the stripes obsolete, C. lineolatus, Val. (fig. 43). Section VII. AMMIRALES. Leptoconus, Mirch. Rhizoconus, Morch, pars. C. AMMIRALIS, Linn. PI. 8, figs. 44-46. Chestnut-color with darker revolving lines, and upper, basal and one or two approximate bands, finely reticulated with yellow on awhite zround ; this pattern is overlaid with large, irregularly disposed triangular white spots. Length, 2°5 inches. Madagascar, Ceylon, Mauritius, Hast Indies, Philippines, New Caledonia. C. archithalassus, Dillw. (fig. 45), is a variety with coronated spire; in another variety figured by Kiener (fig. 46), the revolving lines are elevated into granules. 30 CONUS. C. noptiis, Linn. PI. 8, figs. 47-49. Spire depressed, with suleate and finely striate volutions, shoulder-angle sharp; yellowish brown or chestnut, with close revolving lines of numerous small chestnut spots, whole surface irregularly overlaid by triangular large white spots. Length, 2—2°5 inches. Philippines, Moluccas, Andaman Is. C. cordigerus, Sowb. (fig. 48), and C. victor, Brod. (fig. 49), are synonyms. C. THALASSIARCHUS, Gray. PI. 8, figs. 50, 51. Spire depressed and nearly smooth, with a sharp angle ; white, longitudinally and angularly reticulated with chestnut lines, chocolate-tinted at the base ; sometimes with an irregular central white band covered by revolving lines of spots, and occasionally with yellowish bands above and below the latter and similarly spotted. Length, 2-3 inches. Philippines, Red Sea (Jickel1). C. castrensis, Gould, has priority of publication, but as that name has not obtained currency, it is, perhaps, best not to revive it. C. Amanpts (Martini), Auct. PI. 8, fig. 52. Spire striate, channeled, concavely elevated, sharp-pointed, shoulder-angle sharp; lower part of body-whorl punctured- grooved; orange-brown to chocolate-colored, thickly covered with large and small subtriangular white spots, which by their varied disposition sometimes form a white central band, or dark bands above and below the centre—the latter occasionally bearing articulated revolving lines. Length, 2°5-3-5 inches. Ceylon, Java, New Caledonia, Polynesia. C. Wernkavrril, Lobbecke. Pl. 8, fig. 53. Spire gradate ; body-whorl striate towards the base; whitish, encircled by numerous alternate rows of large and small oblong chocolate blotches. Length, 80 mill. New Caledonia. C. Coxent, Brazier. Pl. 9, fig. 58. Shell fusiform, thick, heavy, with twenty deep, spiral punctated CONUS. 31 lines below, and three at the shoulder-angle ; marked with brown flames and white and brown dots in revolving series. Length, 1:25 inches. Moreton Bay, Australia. C. acuminatus, Hwass. PI. 8, fig. 54; Pl. 9, fig. 55. Spire channeled, concavely elevated ; yellowish or pink-white, with a network of chestnut or chocolate ; sometimes indistinctly banded, with lines of spots on the bands; aperture generally rose-tinted. — Length, 1°5-1-75 inches. Red Sea. Besides being smaller, the pattern of coloring on this shell differs from that of C. Amadis by being reticulated rather than triangularly spotted. C. insignis, Sowb., is a synonym. Var. CUNEATUS, Sowb. PI. 9, fig. 55. Shell not reticulated ; pink-white, with two pale yellow bands and a very few chestnut spots on the body-whorl and spire; aperture rosy. At first sight appears distinct. Jickeli has figured it as a variety, in his paper on the Cones of the Red Sea. C. Scuecu, Jickeli. Pl. 9, fig. 56. Shell narrow; yellowish, reticulated with chestnut or choco- late, with two broad, spotted dark bands. Length, 1—1°5 inches. fed Sea. Is perhaps only an extreme variety of C. acuminatus, Hwass. It is the C. Neptunus of Kiener (not Reeve), and is‘figured by Sowerby as a variety of C. Amadis. C. NopuLosus, Sowb. PI. 9, fig. 59. Shell with elevated, channeled spire; yellowish, delicately and openly reticulated with chestnut ; aperture roseate. Length, 2 inches. Australia (Taylor collection). The locality is very doubtful, as is also the claim of the shell to recognition as a species distinct from C. acuminatus. C. Luctiricus, Reeve. PI. 9, fig. 60. Spire rather elevated, channeled; body-whorl with straight sides, closely grooved towards the base; whitish, stained and longitudinally streaked with reddish brown, and encircled with 32 CONUS. interrupted fillets of a darker brown, leaving a whitish band around the centre and along the upper margin; spire tessellated. Length, 37 mill. Habitat unknown. Dr. Weinkauff supposes this to be a variety of C. acuminatus, Hwass ; it appears to me to be too close to C. monile, Hwass. C. pirascratus, Sowb. PI. 9, fig. 61. Shell rosy white, with a chestnut band on the spire, one above the middle and another at the base of the body-whorl. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. An obscure species, only known by Sowerby’s figure and A. Adams’ description of C. fasciatus (preoccupied). C. spicuLuM, Reeve. PI. 9, fig. 62. Shell narrowly fusiform, with greatly elevated spire; body- whorl ridged at the base; whitish, with a few chestnut spots. Length, 1 inch. Philippines. Said by Reeve to differ from the young of C. generalis ; it is, however, undoubtedly a young shell. Several specimens occurred to Cuming, dredged at 25 fathoms. C. suBcARINATUS, Sowb. PI. 9, fig. 63. Shell smooth, suleate towards the base; white, tinted with very light purple, with brown, angulated longitudinal flames, interrupted by a central white band; a variety has two wide bands, ornamented with interrupted revolving lines. Length, 40 mill. Nicobar Isles. I am not acquainted with this species. C. FULGURANS, Hwass. PI. 9, figs. 65, 66. Shell ovately conical, rather solid, spire broadly channeled, base distantly grooved ; white, with rust-brown flexuous longi- tudinal flames, and a white central band, with revolving row of spots. Length, 40 mill. Moluccas, N. Australia (Brazier). Dr. Weinkauff makes C. eximius, Reeve (fig. 66), =the young of this species. CONUS. 33 C. Mataccanus, Hwass. PI. 9, fig. 64. Spire slightly convex, apex elevated, flatly channeled; base sulcate ; white, doubly banded with pale orange-red, the lower band being the wider, variegated between the bands by chestnut longitudinal lines and clouds, and occasional revolving series of short lines—the latter often bordering the bands also. Length, 2°5 inches. Ceylon, Nicobar Is., Malacca. Nearly the same pattern of coloring as in C. generalis, but differing in the revolving short lines. C. DELESSERTIANUS, Recluz. Pl. 9, fig. 67. Shell with concavely elevated, sulcated spire, body-whorl grooved towards the base; yellowish white, three-banded with orange-brown, spotted and flamed with chestnut. Length, 2°3 inches. Isl. of Socotra, E. Africa. Somewhat peculiar in its elevated spire and acuminated body. whorl. C. centuRIo, Born. Pl. 9, fig. 68. Whorls of the rather low spire with shallow sulcus, body-whorl grooved towards the base; yellowish brown, two-banded with white, the whole surface overlaid with longitudinal flames and short streaks and zigzags of chestnut-color; spire chestnut- flamed. Length, 2—2°5 inches. West Indies, Venezuela, Guiana. C. ANABATHRUM, Crosse. Pl. 9. fig. 69. Spire elevated, gradate, body-whorl grooved towards the base; pale yellowish brown, with a central white band and scattered white maculations, obscurely encircled by lines of light chestnut spots. Length, 1 inch. Hab, unknown (Crosse); Mauritius (Weinkauff). C. aRTIcULATUS, Sowb. PI. 9, fig. 70. Chestnut-colored, with revolving lines articulated with choco- late and white,a central white band and another below the angle of the spire. Length, 18 mill. Mauritius. Dr. Weinkauff makes this a synonym of the preceding species. 3 34 CONUS. C. TEGULATUS, Sowerby. PI. 9, fig. 71. Shell rather narrow, with coneavely elevated spire; body- whorl distantly sulcate throughout, between the sulci planilirate ; white, with chestnut linear spots arranged in longitudinal flam- mules, giving a tessellated appearance, and forming two obscure bands. Length, 21 mill. China Sea. C. Macar&, Bernardi. Pl. 9, fig. 72. Orange-brown, with fine,close,faint chestnut revolving lines, a white band on the middle and another at the shoulder of the body-whorl, both marked or bordered by irregular chestnut blotches. Length, 40 mill. Mauritius. C. MONILE, Hwass. PI. 9, fig. 73. Spire nearly plane, with raised apex, chestnut-flamed ; body- whorl closely striate below, and generally chestnut-stained at the base; white, with oblique flames, spots and short lines of chestnut arranged in revolving series. Length, 2—2°5 inches. Ceylon, Java, Philippines. C. GENERALIS, Linn. Pl. 9, fig. 74; Pl. 27, fig. 4. Spire rather plane, with acuminate, raised apex; orahge-brown to chocolate, irregularly white-banded at the shoulder, in the middle, and at the base, the bands overlaid with zigzag or irreg- ular chocolate-colored markings. Length, 2°5 inches. Red Sea, Ceylon, Isle of Bourbon, E. Africa, E. Indies, Philippines, N, Caledonia. C. sptroglossus, Desh. (fig. 4), is a juvenile of this species. C. Marpivus, Hwass. PI. 9, fig. 75; Pl. 10, fig. 76. Shell encircled by distant revolving lines of small spots; sometimes irregularly clouded with white, not forming bands ; at other times irregularly banded. Length, 2-3 inches. Red Sea, Ceylon, Maskarene and Maldive Is. Ts possibly only a variety of C. generalis. C. TRAVERSIANUS, Smith. PI. 10, fig. 86. Shell narrow, distantly suleate, the upper sulci nearly obsolete ; pale pink, with two broad orange-red bands, and with revolving CONUS. 35 lines of red and white articulations ; aperture rose-colored ; spire grooved, dotted with red and white at the sutures. Length, 43 mill. Habitat unknown. C. Bayant, Jousseaume. PI. 10, fig. 87. White, with longitudinal streaks and clouds of light chestnut, forming two interrupted broad bands, upon which are vestiges of a few narrow revolving lines of chocolate. Length, 55 mill. 2? Isle of Bourbon. C. GurstTiERI, Lorois. Pl. 10, fig. 88. Shell with distant revolving grooves ; orange-brown, with a narrow central band of white maculations; spire tessellated, striate. Length, 14 mill. Habitat unknown. Probably a young shell. C. votuminaLis, Hinds. PI. 10, figs. 77, 78. Shell whitish or yellowish white, usually faintly lined with yellow or light chestnut, with two bands of irregular longitudinal light chestnut blotches. Length, 1:5 inches. Malacca. Var. FLoRIDULUS, Ad. and Reeve. — Pl. 10, fig. 78. Rosy white, the bands more continuous, base violet-tinted. C. Lorenzranvs,'Chemn. PI. 10, fig. 79. Shell pinkish white, longitudinally interruptedly strigate with chestnut, forming, by the regular breaks, numerous revolving zones. Length, 1-5-2 inches. West Indies (Weinkauff). The locality given for this species is very uncertain. C. vircatus, Reeve. Pl. 10, figs. 80-82. Shell pinkish white, rather narrow, continuously but irregu- larly longitudinally strigate with chestnut. Length, 1-5-2 inches. W. Coast of Central America. This is the C. Lorenzianus and C. zebra.of Reeve’s Iconica. C. Cumingii, Reeve, in part (fig. 81), and C. sanguinolentus, Reeve (fig. 82), are varieties in which the longitudinal striga- tions are obsolete, or nearly so. C. scALARIS, Valenc. PI. 10, fig. 83. Spire elevated, gradate, maculated with chestnut ; body-whorl 36 CONUS. somewhat acuminate below; yellowish white with brown-chestnut longitudinal strigations, scarcely interrupted for a narrow central white band, and replaced towards the base by a few revolving rows of chestnut markings. Length, 3 inches. Panama to Gulf of California. C. FLAVESCENS, Gray. PI. 10, fig. 84. Shell smooth, grooved towards the base ; yellowish, variegated with large irregular white blotches, arranged mostly just below the shoulder-angle, and below the middle of the body-whorl, so as to form two interrupted bands. Length, -:75-1 inch. So. Australia? Ceylon? C. LARGILLIERTI, Kiener. Pl. 10, fig. 85. Spire rather elevated, maculated; light chestnut, with darker revolving lines of spots, and usually a white central band. Length, 1:25-1:75 inches. , Yucatan. This is the C. Japonicus, Brug., according to Mr. Sowerby, but Kiener’s identification of that undetermined species is quite different. CO. Prat, Green, “PI, 10, fies, 89-92: Spire conically elevated; body-whorl grooved on the lower half; yellowish, maculated with chestnut, with numerous white and chestnut dots arranged in revolving lines; spire sparingly strigate with chestnut, the strigations give the appearance of depressions upon the sharp angle of the body-whorl, so that at first sight this appears as though coronated. Length, “75-125 inches. Florida, Bahamas. C. Stearnsti, Conrad (fig. 91), and C. candidus, Kiener (fig. 92), are synonyms. C. LEMNISCATUS, Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 93. Shell with slightly contracted sides; spire acuminated with strong growth-lines ; body-whorl delicately ridged throughout ; whitish, maculated with chestnut, and every alternate ridge chestnut-spotted. Length, 1:5 inches. Habitat unknown. CO. sagittatus, Sowerby, was described sixteen years later from the same specimen. CONUS. 3) C. Crier, Reeve. Pl. 10, fig. 94. Shell finely ridged throughout; white, variegated with choco- late longitudinal flammules and streaks. Length, 1°25 inches. Brazil, Venezuela, West Indies. C. minutus, Reeve. Pl. 10, fig. 95 a. Shell flesh-color, with two approximate, central brown bands. - Length, 9 mill. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies. This is a very young shell,and should not have been described as a distinct species, as its adult state is very probably known under another name. C. EMARGINATUS, Reeve. PI. 10, figs. 95, 96. Shell with conically elevated, channeled spire; body-whorl grooved below, its sides concave; white, longitudinally streaked and flamed with chocolate. Length, 45 mill. Venezuela to Brazil. Very probably equals C. Clerii, from which it differs mainly in the want of striz on the upper portion of the body-whorl, and its somewhat more concave sides. C. lentiginosus, Reeve (fig. 96), is considered a variety by Dr. Weinkauff. C. Vinierrint, Bernardi and Fischer. Pl. 10, fig. 97. Shell smooth, with sharply angled shoulder, grooved towards the base, and striate spire; yellowish white, with chocolate maculations forming three obscure bands. Length, 30 mill. Marie Galante, West Indies. Is possibly a variety of C. emarginatus. C. REGULARIS, Sowb. PI. 11, figs. 98-2. Shell white or yellowish white, with chestnut-chocolate macu- lations and spots, variously arranged in revolving series ; some- times the ground-color of the shell is chestnut, with dark chocolate markings and chocolate aperture; spire somewhat concavely elevated, with acute apex; epidermis thin, smooth, translucent. Length, 1°5-2°5 inches. Panama to Mazatlan, Guaymas. One of the most characteristic species of the West Coast of Mexico. Its synonyms include C. dispar, Sowb. (fig. 2), C. incurvus, Kiener (fig. 100), and C. angulatus, A. Ad. (fig. 1). 38 CONUS. C. sELEcTUs, A. Adams. PI. 11, fig. 3. Shell thin, encircled by brown punctate lines, contracted and sulcate at the base, slightly swollen at the sides, acutely angulate at the spire. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. A species of doubtful validity, not very different from the following. C. FLoripanus, Gabb. PI. 11, figs. 4, 5. Spire elevated, somewhat tabulate ; body-whorl with straight sides, grooved towards the base; yellowish white, mottled and streaked with chestnut, with an obscure central white band, and another narrower one at the shoulder, between the bands often encircied with rows of brown spots. Length, 14-2 inches. Florida, Bahamas. C. Floridensis, Sowb. (fig. 5), is a synonym. C. Srrpotpi1, Reeve. Pl. 11, figs. 6, 7. Spire rather elevated, the sutures sharply carinate; body- whorl narrow, grooved below; white, with a few central chestnut blotches. Length, 2 inches. Japan, China. C. rarimaculatus, Sowb. (fig. 7), is probably the young of this species. C. pAPILLARIS, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 8. Spire elevated, somewhat tabulate, finely tuberculated ; white, longitudinally streaked in a clouded manner with orange-brown. Length, 1°75 inches. Borneo. C. GRADATULUS, Sowb. PI. 9, fig. 57. Spire elevated, gradate, with channeled whorls; body-whorl roseate; with three series of longitudinal maculations of chestnut-color, forming interrupted bands; aperture rosy. Length, 1°75 inches. Agulhas Bank, So. Africa. Described by Sowerby as C. turritus, a name preoccupied by Lamarck for a fossil species. C:/OPTABLLIS, Ac Adgacrns Lt fie): Spire elevated, slightly gradate, body-whorl slightly grooved towards the base; color uniform roseate. Length, °8 inch. Habitat unknown. CONUS. 39 A doubtful species; it may possibly = the preceding, but is proportionally stouter. C. Mazer, Desh. PI. 11, fig. 10. Shell long and narrow, with striated, conical spire, and smooth body-whorl, at base distantly punctate-striate ; yellowish white, with rather distant rows of chestnut spots. Length, 60 mill. Martinique ; deep sea. A remarkable species, of which a single specimen was obtained as above. Section VIII. CApiranet. Rhizoconus, pars, Morch. C. Sumatrensis, Hwass. PI. 11, figs. 11, 12. Spire usually somewhat convex, striate, white, broadly flamed with chocolate; body-whorl white or yellowish brown, with irregular chocolate longitudinal strigations; partially interrupted so as to form a central white band. Length, 2°5-3°5 inches. Red Sea; ? Sumatra. Var. NEMocANUS, Hwass. Plate 11, fig. 12. The longitudinal markings are less defined, broader, and give a darker shade to the shell. Red Sea, E. Indies, Mauritius, Philippines, N. Caledonia. C. badius, Kiener, and C. levigatus, Sowb. (in part), are syn- onymous. C. vVEXiLtUM, Gmelin. PI. 11, figs. 12a, 13, 14. Shell large and rather thin; spire striate; yellowish or chestnut- color, with an irregular white central band, sometimes obso- lete, and occasionally another interrupted band at the shoulder; spire variegated with white and chestnut broad flames, the latter often overlaying also the lighter chestnut of the body-whorl. Length, 3-4°5 inches. E. Africa, Ceylon, Java, Philippines, N. Caledonia, Samoan Isles. This species includes C. levigatus, Sowb., pars (fig. 13), and possibly C. Robillardi, Bern. (fig. 14); the latter a young shell. 40 CONUS. C. concotor, Sowb. PI. 11, fig. 15. Spire striate; entire surface uniform cinnamon-brown color, encircled on the body-whorl by narrow brown lines. Length, 2 inches. India, China. Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. C. MUTABILIS (Chemn.), Auct. Pl. 12, figs. 19, 20. Shell somewhat swollen above, spire striate; light yellowish brown, variegated by darker strigations, and faint revolving lines or rows of spots, often indistinctly lighter-banded in the middle. Length, 1-75-25 inches. Red Sea, E. Indies, China. C. hyzna, Reeve, not Hwass (fig. 20), is a synonym. GeutLes, Linn... Pl, 14, fie, 165-21) oi ches. Spire obsoletely tuberculate or smooth; rather depressed ; body-whorl spirally ridged at the base; yellowish white, with close narrow thread-like longitudinal chestnut strigations, inter- rupted by a chocolate revolving band above the middle, base stained chocolate ; aperture banded, chocolate and white. Length, 2—4 inches. E. Africa, Ceylon, Japan, Philippines, N. Caledonia, Central Polynesia. C. capitanevs, Linn. PI. 12, figs. 21-24; Pl. 11, figs. 17, 18. Spire low, striate, flamed with chocolate and white; body- whorl yellowish, or orange-brown, encircled by rows of chestnut dots, usually stained chocolate at the base, there is a central white band, with chocolate hieroglyphic markings on either side, and a shoulder-band, crossed by chocolate smaller longitudinal markings ; aperture chocolate, with a white band. . Length, 2-3 inches. Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia, ; Polynesia, Mauritius. Var. MUSTELINUS, Hwass. PI. 11, figs.17,18; Pl. 12, figs. 23, 24; Pls 2, esto 16. The border-markings of the bands reduced to spots, the other revolving spots of the typical form absent. Clearly connected with the type by intermediate states. CONUS. 4] C. citrinus, Kiener (fig. 18), and C. sulphuratus, Kiener (fig. 17), are half-grown and young specimens; C. tenuis, Sowb. (PI. 27, fig. 5), is another young shell, but differing in color. Var. Crcin1#, Chenu. PI. 12, fig. 24: Pl. 27, fig. 6. Shell colored like the type, but encircled with punctations impressed in lines. C. classiarius, Kiener (PI. 12, fig. 24), is probably identical. C. Rattus, Hwass. Pl. 12, figs. 25-27. Shell yellowish brown or ash-color, often with fine close chest- nut revolving lines, with large white spots and maculations usually forming an interrupted central band and another at the shoulder. Length, 1°25-1-75 inches. Red Sea, Ceylon, New Caledonia, Tahiti, etc. C. Taheitensis, Hwass (fig. 26), is a color-variety of this spe- cies, and C. viridis, Sowb. (fig. 27), is an unusually colored juvenile. C. SEMIVELATUS, Sowb. PI. 12, fig. 29. Shell plum-color, indistinctly light-banded in the middle and on the shoulder; aperture purple. Length, 16 mill. Red Sea. C. Liscuxreanvus, Weinkauff. Pl. 12, fig. 28. Whorls of the spire with shallow channel, body-whorl smooth, striate at the base; sulphur-yellow, without ornamentation except maculations on the spire; aperture white. Length, 52 mill. ; Japan. Resembles C. mutabilis, Chemn., but is immediately distin- guished by its channeled spire. C. cLassIARius, Hwass. PI. 12, figs. 30-34. Shell olive-brown, or ash-color, with a white central band, and usually another obsolete one below the shoulder-angle, encircled by numerous chestnut and white articulated lines; spire macu- lated with chestnut ; aperture light chocolate with central white band. Length, 1:25-1-75 inches. Red Sea. C. Blainvillei, Kiener,and C. splendidulus, Sowb. (fig. 31), are identical, and C. Ruppellii, Reeve (fig. ez neud C. adustus, Sowb. (fig. 33), are young shells. 42 CONUS. Var. Pazit, Bernardi. PI. 12, fig. 34. Shell whitish, with irregular orange-brown longitudinal macu- lations, interrupted to forma white band at the shoulder, another at the middle, and a third at the base of the body-whorl; every- where encircled with small spots in revolving series. C. TRIGONUS, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 35. Somewhat triangularly ovate, grooved at the base; spire depressed, five-grooved, sharp at the apex; white, stained and banded with reddish brown, and encircled with numerous narrow delicately articulated filaments ; spire tessellated. Length, 1:25 inches. Philippines. C. AUREOLUS, Sowb. PI. 12, fig. 36. Spire rather depressed, with sharp apex, body-whorl striate below ; yellowish, with light chestnut spots in revolving series. Length, -75-1 inch. Habitat unknown. The specimen of largest dimension is before me; it agrees perfectly with Sowerby’s figure, and certainly is not fully grown. C. correA, Gmelin. PI. 12, figs. 37-39. Shell yellowish brown, white-banded in the middle and less distinctly so at the shoulder and base of the body-whorl; these bands are sometimes maculated, like the spire, with chestnut, and there are, on the darker portions, occasional faint chestnut revolving lines. Length, 2 inches. , Red Sea, East Africa, Malacca. Closely united in characters with C. rattus, of which it may be only a variety ; partakes also of the characters of C. classia- rius,and less distinctly of C. capitaneus. It is not unlikely that these species, with C. mustelinus, will need to be united when we become better acquainted with the variations of the Cones. C. excavatus, Sowb. (fig. 38), and C. incarnatus, Reeve (fig. 39), are respectively fine and pale-colored varieties of C. coffea. C. TURBINATUS, Sowb. PI. 12, fig. 40. Shell yellowish brown, with several narrow, lighter bands; grooved towards the base. Length, 1°75 inches. Habitat unknown. mg CONUS. 43 C. virtatus, Lam.’ PI. 13, figs. 41-44. Shell pink-brown, maculated or strigated longitudinally with light chestnut, with chestnut-dot‘ed revolving striz, and a central white, chestnut maculated band; spire convex maculated with chestnut. Length, 2 inches. Panama, Real Llejos. C. Cumingit, Reeve, in part (fig. 42), said to have been col- lected by Mr. Cuming at the Philippine Islands, appears to be synonymous. Var. Orion, Brod. PI. 13, figs. 43, 44. Shell broader and more angular at the shoulder, spire not convex; color dark brown, with similar maculated white bands, and rather continuous revolving lines of darker brown. C. Heno- quet, Bernardi (fig. 44), is probably identical. Section LX. VirGines. Lithoconus, pars, Morch. ©: Virco, Linn, Pl. 13, figs. 45, 46. Shell solid, rounded below the shoulder-angle, spire flatly convex, slightly striate throughout, more distinctly at the base ; pale yellowish brown, tinged with violet at the base. Length, 2°5-3°5 inches. Red Sea, E. Africa, Ceylon, Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesis. The shells figured by Reeve, Weinkauff and Sowerby for C. pastinaca, Lam., are probably worn specimens of this species. C. pastinaca is a doubtful species, the specimens in the Lamarckian collection at Geneva including, besides the above form, others lined like C. quercinus. \ Var. CaLina#, Crosse. Pl. 13, fig. 46. Spire nearly plane, body-whorl a little swollen below, and twisted so as to form a very oblique slight columellar fold. New Caledonia. 44 CONUS. C. EMActatTus, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 47. Shell narrow. with depressed conical spire, ridged-striate throughout; light yellow, violet-stained at the base. Length, 1°5 inches. Java, Philippines, Australia, N. Ca’edonia, Polynesia. Distinguished by its narrower form and raised striz. C. FLAvipus, Lam. PI. 13, figs. 48-50. Shell yellowish to orange-brown, with an obscure lighter band below the shoulder and in the middle, encircled by ridged striz, sometimes nearly obsolete above, base stained purple; aperture orange or violaceous, with a white central band. Length, 1°5—2°25 inches. Red Sea, E. Africa, Ceylon, Java, Australia, New Caledonia, Polynesia. C. Maltzanianus, Weinkauff (fig. 49), is founded on highly colored specimens, with more rounded shoulder, the striz rather more distant, sometimes subgranulous. These characters are common in some of the Tahitian specimens, but have no distinctive value. C. mirmillo, Crosse (fig. 50), described from a single specimen without locality in the Cumingian collection, is of the same general character as C. Maltzanianus. Var. PEASE!, Brazier. Spire flat, sides slightly contracted in the middle, lip bright orange, stained with violet, epidermis thicker and rougher than the type. Described by Pease as C. neglectus, a name preoccu- pied by A. Adams. Pease subsequently considered it a mere variety of C. flavidus. C. Guoyner, Sowb. PI. 13, fig. 51. Spire slightly coronate, deeply grooved; dark chestnut, lighter banded at the shoulder and in the middle of the body- whorl; aperture white. Length, 26 mill. Habitat unknown. C. LomsBel, Sowerby. Pl. 13, fig. 52. Shell smooth, suleate anteriorly ; reddish brown, maculated with white at the shoulder; aperture purplish. Length, 22 mill. Mauritius 2 CONUS. 45 C. zerotus, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 53. Shell oblong, turbinated, rather thick, somewhat rudely twisted at the base, transversely obsoletely striated in a slightly waved manner, irregularly longitudinally marked with lines of growth; spire flatly depressed, minutely obsoletely carinated towards the apex; cream-color, marked with rows of very minute pale brown dots, leaving a white band in the centre ; base dark livid violet. Length, 2 inches. Philippines. C. tivipus, Hwass. PI. 13, figs. 54-57. - Spire coronated, depressed conical, lower half of body-whorl distantly striated, and the striz sparsely granulous; light yellowish or olivaceous to orange-brown, tubercles of the spire and a band below the shoulder, as well as a central band on the body-whorl, white, base and interior violaceous; epidermis somewhat tufted in distant revoiving series. Length,l‘5—2 inches. Red Sea to Polynesia, HE. Africa, Mauritius. Differs from C. flavidus in having coronated whorls, a char- acter which I fear is not specific. C. citrinus, Gmel. (fig. 55°, as usually, but perhaps incorrectly, identitied, belongs here ; Quoy, who describes the animal as bright red, calls it C. sanguinolentus. Var. sUGILLATUS, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 56. Tubereles oblique; spire-whorls flatly channeled, more or less stained brown; the white bands of the body-whorl more dis- tinct, the brown surface more or less resolved into very close, faintly brown-spotted lines. Var. CREPUSCULUM, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 57. Pale yellow, without white bands, of much lighter growth than C. lividus, spire obsoletely finely beaded, aperture white. An obscure form. Length, 28 mill. C. optitus, Reeve. Pl. 13, fig. 58. Shell narrow, with convexly depressed, tuberculated spire, body-whorl striate below ; yellowish olivaceous, indistinctly white- banded in the middle, tubercles, and a band below the shoulder also white, base and aperture violaceous. Length, ‘9-125 inches. Philippines. 46 CONUS. Dr. Weinkauff makes this a variety of C. lividus, but it is always smaller, much narrower, somewhat differently colored, etc. Described by Mr. Reeve as C. elongatus, but that name being preoccupied by Chemnitz, he changed it as above; subse- quently Crosse, ignorant of the change of name made by Reeve, proposed to call the species C. Moreleti. C. Moussonti, Crosse. PI. 18, fig. 59. Shell minutely coronated, citron-yellow, rarely maculated longitudinally with white; aperture and base of columella white. Length, 27 mill. Seychelles Isles. C. pRYNTANIS, Sowb. PI. 13, fig. 60. Shell strongly coronate ; brown, with a light central narrow band; aperture purplish. Length, 35 mill. Galapagos Is. C. Evetina&, Sowb. PI. 13, fig. 61. Shell coronated ; yellowish brown, longitudinally striped with darker color, with a central pale band. Length, 28 mill. Habitat unknown. Narrower and less strongly tuberculate on the spire than the last species. C. PRIMULA, Reeve. Pl. 13, fig. 62. Shell light yellowish brown, white around the tubercles, with a central band of large oblong cream-white spots. Length, 1-25 inches, Natal, Australia, Polynesia. C. Cisrett, Kiener. PI. 13, fig. 63. Shell finely coronated, dark brown, with a central whitish band. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. This species remains unrecognized ; it appears to differ from C. lividus mainly in the absence of violet coloring at the base. C. raprpus, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 64. Shell turbinated, slightly pyriform, thin, everywhere grooved, basal grooves wider and rather deep, the others irregular, very fine, waved, white, entire surface peculiarly sculptured with CONUS. 4] longitudinal striz, spire rather obtusely convex, obsoletely coro- nated. Length, 34 mill. West Africa. I am not acquainted with this species. C. HEPATICUS, Kiener. PI. 14, fig. 65. Shell conically turbinated; spire flat-convex, slightly chan- neled ; body-whorl grooved towards the base; white, brown- stained at the apex. Length, 1-75 inches. : Habitat unknown. An obscure form, of very doubtful specific value. C. atBicans, Sowb. PI. 14, fig. 66. Spire depressed, with raised apex, compressedly tuberculate ; body-whorl smooth, grooved towards the base; white, base stained with violet-chestnut. Length, 1:7 inches. Habitat unknown. I have before me two specimens, agreeing perfectly with Sowerby’s figure. The shell differs in form, thickness and coloring from all the varieties of C. lividus. C. unicoLor, Sowb. PI. 14, fig. 67. Shell long and narrow, spire convex, distantly tuberculate, . body-whorl smooth, substriate towards the base; fawn-color, tinged with violet, aperture violaceous. Length, 1-7 inches. Habitat unknown. May possibly be a variety of the preceding species. C. pistans, Hwass. PI. 14, figs. 68, 69. Shell yellowish fawn-color, obsoletely banded with white at the middle and upper part, sometimes the bands are not contin- uous, but consist of irregular oblique markings; body-whorl encircled by obsolete impressed lines, stained with violet-chestnut towards the base ; spire low, convex, with rather obtuse rounded tubercles; interior white, stained with light violet. Length, 2—4°25 inches. Isle of Bourbon, Philippines, N. Caledonia, ; N. Zealand, Tahiti, ete. 48 CONUS. Section X. Dauct. Rhizoconus, ex parte, Mirch. C. paucus, Hwass. PI. 14, figs. 70-72. Shell lemon- or orange-brown, grooved towards the base, with a pale, sometimes interrupted central band, and _ encircled throughout by rows of small chestnut spots—often obsolete ; Spire sometimes maculated with pale chestnut. Length, 1-1-75 inches. West Indies. C. pastinaca, Kiener (not Lamarck’, and C. Reevet, Kiener (fig. 71), are synonyms. Var. ARCHETYPUS, Crosse. ‘Pl. 14, fig. 72. Spire obsoletely tuberculate, body-whorl irregularly banded in the middle and at the shoulder with yellowish pink, surface otherwise fulvous with rows of small revolving dots; aperture orange-red within. Length, 25 mill. Habitat unknown. Sowerby and Weinkauff have made this a variety of C. daucus, but I am not at all satisfied of this. C. naRcissus, Lam. PI. 14, fig. 73. Shell with rounded shoulder and somewhat convex sides and spire, grooved towards the base; yellowish or orange-brown, sparsely maculated with white, and with an irregular white band below the middle; spire white, maculated with yellowish brown. Length, 1°85 inches. West Indies. - A doubtful species, and scarcely a member of this group, having more the form of C. Mediterraneus. C. oculatus, Gmelin, isa somewhat similarly formed shell, yellowish, with white eyes scattered over the surface. It has not been identified, and is possibly an artificially ornamented shell. C. nitHocLypHus, Meuschen. PI. 14, figs. 74, 75. Spire plane-conical, rather low, body-whorl distantly striate, the strix tuberculate towards the base; dark chestnut, encircled CONUS. 49 at the shoulder and in the middle by white oblique blotches, forming interrupted bands, often dark-stained at the base. Length, 1°5—2 inches. : Ceylon, Philippines, New Caledonia. C. lacinulatus, Kiener (fig. 75), is a synonym. C. ATTENUATUS, Reeve. PI. 14, fig. 76. Shell slenderly turbinated, attenuated towards the base, smooth; yellow or light orange-brown, longitudinally orna- mented with a very few broad, waved white stripes; spire depressed, sharp-angled, tessellated with light orange-brown, apex raised, very sharp-pointed. Length, °75 inch. Habitat unknown. C. SrycHE.iensis, G. and H. Nevill. Shell like C. lithoglyphus, but constricted in the middle of the body-whorl, more attenuated at the base, with the whorls of the Spire more convex; color uniform bright orange, here and there of a lighter shade, faintly stained with light brown at the extreme base. Length 39 mill., diam. 19 mill. Seychelles Islands. Not figured. The above is a copy of the original description. OF Surorranvs, Weinkauff. PI. 14, fig. 77. Shell coronate, sulcate at the base ; orange-brown with a faint light central band; aperture rosaceous; lower whorls of the spire maculated. Length, 18 mill. : Mauritius. C. PULCHELLUS, Swainson. PI. 14, figs. 78-80. Shell smooth, rather thin, spire low-conical, with revolving strie ; usually maculated with chestnut; body-whorl striate below; yellowish or light chestnut, with large white blotches forming a band at the shoulder and another on the middle, encircled by narrow chestnut lines, which are often broken up into small dots; base and aperture usually violaceous. Length, 1°75—-2 inches. Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia. In C. cinctus, Swains. (fig. 79), the narrow chestnut lines are continuous, the white blotches and interior of aperture are more or less suffused with rose-color. C.connectens, A. Ad. (fig. 80), is similar. 4 50 CONUS. C. PLANORBIS, Born. PI. 14, fig. 81. Whorls of spire striate, maculate with chestnut ; body-whorl with beaded striz below, orange-brown or chestnut, frequently light-banded in the middle, and ‘sometimes at the shoulder also, base darker-colored. Length, 1°25-2 inches. Mauritius, Ceylon, New Caledonia, Philippines, Polynesia. This species is called C. senator, Linn., by Reeve and others, but the description in the Systema Nature shows that the iden- tification is wrong. Hanley was not able to identify C. senator in the Linnean collection. Sometimes the granular striz cover the entire surface. ; C. cIRcUMSIGNATUS, Crosse. PI. 14, fig. 82. Shell covered with orange-brown upon the body-whorl except at the shoulder, base and centre, where occur irregular bands or blotches of white, with narrow articulated lines of chestnut and white, sparingly maculated with orange-brown. Length, 30 mill. Habitat unknown. Dr. Weinkauff makes this — the granular variety of C. planorbis; he has evidently mistaken the articulations for granulations. C. CuEnul, Crosse. PI. 14, figs. 83, 84. Shell thin, with depressed carinate and striate spire, which is yellowish, maculated with brown; body-whorl striated below, yellowish, with two series of longitudinal forked and irregular dark brown markings, interrupted in the middle and at the base; there are traces of distant narrow brown revolving lines; aperture white. Length, 2 inches. New Caledonia. In the Journal de Conchyliologie, 1874, Crosse says that this species is very close to some varieties of C. planorbis, but its system of coloration is more elegant. C. Loebbeckeanus, Weink. (fig. 84), appears to me to be only a slight color-variation. Finally, C. Chenui is closely related to varieties of the next species. C. LINEATUS (Chemn.), Auct. Pl. 14, fig. 85. Shell orange-brown to dark chestnut, finely narrowly lineated witha darker color, with white blotches arranged in upper, middle CONUS. 51 and basal bands; spire striated and maculated; base of shell striated, the striae sometimes granular. Length, 1-75—2°25 inches. Red Sea, East eee Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia. C. virutinus, Hwass. PI. 14, figs. 86,87; Pl. 15, fig. 88. Orange-brown to chocolate, with white longitudinal macula- tions disposed in bands at the shoulder and below the middle; lower part of body-whorl with granular striz; spire striate and maculate. Length, 15-2 inches. Ceylon to Philippines and Polynesia. Is probably only a variety of the preceding species, from which it is distinguished by the more longitudinal form of the white blotches, and the absence of the close revolving color-lines. e Var. CARPENTER, Crosse. PI. 15, fig. 88. i Chestnut-brown, with continuous yellowish bands at the shoulder and middle; spire maculated with chestnut and white. Length, 46 mill. New Guinea. C. augur, Hwass. PI. 15, fig. 89. Shell creamy white, encircled by close rows of very small chestnut dots, with two bands of irregular brown markings, one above, the other below the middle of the body-whorl; spire maculated with brown. Length, 1°75—2-25 inches. Ceylon. C. tignarius, Reeve. Pl. 15, figs. 90-93. Pale brown, with fine close lines of chestnut-brown, and one or two paler bands; shoulder somewhat obtuse; spire concavely elevated, with acute apex, uniform pale brown. Length, 2 inches. Philippines. Var. rurvus, Reeve. Pl. 15,-figs. 91, 92. Revolving lines broken up into minute dots, form somewhat narrower, some of the spire-whorls finely beaded. Scarcely a variety. C. Cecilei, Kiener (fig. 92), is identical. Var. FASCIATUS, Kiener. Pl. 15, fig. 93. Lines of dots more distant, whitish, with irregular light brown bands above and below the middle, base brown-tinted. Length, 2 inches. 52 CONUS. C. MULTILINEATUS, Sowb. PI. 15, fig. 94. Shell turbinated, wide-shouldered; veddish chestnut, light- banded in the middle, with numerous lines of close-set chestnut dots; spire concavely elevated, tuberculate. Length, 40 mill. Habitat unknown. Closely allied to C. lignarius, but differs in its wider form, and tuberculated spire. Described from a single specimen. C. Kopeitit, Lobbecke. Pl. 15, fig. 95. Shell smooth, spire and base striate; yellowish brown, with a lighter median band. Length, 42 mill. Habitat unknown. Perhaps only a variety of C. lignarius. F Seetion XJ. Maat. Pionoconus and Phasmoconus, Morch. C. consors, Sowb. PI. 15, figs. 96-100. Spire depressed conical, with shallow channel, and revolving strie, sometimes tessellated with chestnut; body-whorl rather narrow, somewhat convex, grooved towards the base, somewhat _round-shouldered, rather thin; white, yellowish and orange- brown, variously clouded and indistinctly banded; aperture white. Length, 2-3 inches. ss Moiuceas, Philippines, New Caledonia. C. carinatus, Swainson (fig. 97), is placed here by Dr. Wein- kauff, and I agree with him, although Mr. E. A. Smith (Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 535) makes it a synonym of C. magus. C. anceps (fig. 98), and C. innexus, A. Ad., as well as C. Daullei, Crosse (fig. 99), are synonyms. C. ustulatus, Reeve (fig. 100), is considered by Mr. E. A. Smith a synonym of C. magus, but J think it more closely allied to C. consors. C. Futvocinctus, Crosse. Pl. 15, fig. 1. Shell with slight revolving grooves, obsolete above ; yellowish white, with a broad superior band of orange-brown; epidermis thin. Length, 3 inches, W. Coast of Africa. C. consANGUINEUS, H. A. Smith. PI. 15, fig. 2. Shell smooth, spire and base grooved; yellowish white, banded <- CONUS. 53 with yellowish brown in the middle, with one or two interrupted inferior and narrower bands below, apex pink-tinted. Epidermis thick. Length, 3°5 inches. Habitat unknown. Closely allied to C. fulvecinctus, but not so much attenuated at the base, spire less elevated, epidermis thicker, more ‘banded. C. maGus, Linn. Pl. 15, figs. 3-10; Pl. 16, figs. 11-14. Spire moderate, striate, body-whorl long and rather cylin- drical, closely striate below; white, clouded with bluish ash, orange-brown, chestnut or chocolate, everywhere encircled by narrow chocolate interrupted lines, often separated into some- what distant dots, middle of body-whorl usually irregularly fasciate with white; spire tessellated with chestnut or chocolate. Length, 2-3 inches. Madagascar, Borneo, Australia, N. Caledonia, Philippines, ete. This beautiful and common species is very variable in pattern and shade of coloring and embraces a large synonymy. I piace here C. raphanus, Hwass (fig. 4), C. consul, Boivin (fig. 5), C. Indicus, C. Circe, C. fenellus,and C.clandestinus, of Chemnitz, C. striolatus, Kiener (fig. 6), C. Borneensis, Sowb., not Ad. and Reeve (fig. 7), and C. asstmilis, A. Ad. (fig. 8°. Var. FRAUENFELDI, Crosse. PI. 15, fig. 9. Yellowish or cream-color, with a few irregular longitudinal chestnut or chocolate markings; spire sparsely maculated. Madagascar. Var. Rouuanpi, Bernardi. Pl. 16, fig. 11. Surface covered by equidistant striz, more prominent at the base ; white with irregular longitudinal cloudings of chestnut. - Var. MetuaLret, Reeve. Pl. 15, fig. 10. Shell encircled with granular striz, spotted with orange-brown ; there are irregular cloudings of orange-brown, and a central white band. ; Var. EPISTOMIUM, Reeve. PI. 16, figs. 12-14. Shell rather narrow, thin; white, irregularly clouded with orange- brown, forming an irregular central white band ; shoulder sharply carinated, spire maculated ; base grooved or striate. 54 CONUS. This variety closely connects C. magus with C. consors. C. Tasmaniz, Sowb. (fig. 13), is a somewhat more highly colored specimen of this variety, and C. epistomoides, Weink. (fig. 14), differs but little. C. perrusus, Hwass. PI. 16, figs. 15-17. Spire convex, rather obtuse, body-whorl encircled by distant punctate strive; rosy tinged with yellow and interruptedly banded with white blotches below the shoulder and in the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 2 inches. Madagasear, Mauritius, Philippines, Ins. Annaa, etc. C. festivus, Chemn. (fig. 16), = amabdilis, Lam., is synonymous. C. inqguinatus, Reeve (fig. 17), appears to be merely a darker colored specimen, chocolate-brown instead of roseate. C. SIMPLEX, Sowb. PI. 16, fig. 18. Shell oblong, turbinated, rather thin; white, with longitudinal irregular chestnut streaks. Length, 2 inches. West and South Africa. The spire is more elevated, the body-whorl more eylindrieal, the color-markings more continuous than in C. spectrum—yet it may be a variety of that species. C. informis, Dillw., is a synonym. C. rudis, Chemn., is searcely determinable from the original figures, and neither Sowerby nor Reeve has attempted to identify it. Dr. Weinkauff, however, adopts it as a species, and refers to it, C. informis, Dillw., C. elongatus, Sowb., Thes. (part), f. 241, and C. inquinaius, Reeve—all of which differ utterly in form from the Chemnitzian figures. C. stinpon, Reeve. Pl. 16, fig. 19. Shell somewhat ventricosely turbinated, nearly smooth ; white, very thickly decussated with exceedingly fine reddish brown lines in such a manner as to form two broad transverse bands ; spire rather obtusely convex, apex rose-tinted. Length, 1:25 inches. Habitat unknown. Tam not acquainted with this species, of which only a single individual is known; it was described from the cabinet of Mr. Adamson, of Newcastle, England, and Dr. Weinkauff, apparently CONUS. 55 mistaking that gentleman’s name for Adanson, has supplied the locality of West Africa. C. miser, Boivin. Pl. 16, fig. 20. Shell with convex body-whorl and flattened, striate spire ; yel- lowish, without maculations, aperture white, dilated in front. Length, 27 mill. Cape Verd Is. C. Mercator, Linn. PI. 16, figs. 21-23. Shell yellowish or ash-gray, often faintly longitudinally lined with chestnut, with a broad band at the shoulder and a narrower one at the middle, of white closely reticulated with chestnut. Length, 1-1-25 inches. West Indies, West Africa. Var. pesipiosus, A. Ad. Pl. 16, fig. 23. Shell choeolate-brown, the bands of reticulations narrower, spire more elevated. W. Africa. C. cunroLus, Reeve. PI. 16, figs. 24, 25. Shell shortly turbinated, wide at the shoulder, somewhat inflated ; chestnut- or chocolate-brown, with small white macula- tions, forming an obscure band at the shoulder, and another below the middle, as well as somewhat scattered over the rest of the surface, including the convex spire. Length, 1°25 inches. West Africa. C. balteus, Mawe, is a synonym. C. Natauis, Sowb. PI. 16, figs. 26, 27. Shell oblong, thin, smooth, angulated at the shoulder, sulcate below; roseate, minutely angularly lineate with brown, and bifasciate with large maculations, spire maculate. Length, 1 inch. Natal. Weinkauff makes this a variety of C. mercator, but it appears to differ considerably in coloration. Sowerby’s smaller figure (fig. 27) is supposed to represent a young shell of this species. C. o11vaceus, Kiener. PI. 16, figs. 28-31. Shell somewhat top-shaped, with rounded shoulder, sulcate towards the base; obscurely marbled with yellowish olive and £6 , CONUS. white, with several darker olivaceous bands; aperture chocolate with two or more narrow white bands. Length, 1:25 inches. . West Africa. C. Taslet, Kiener (fig. 29), and C. luridus, A. Ad., are syno- nyms; the latter is unfigured. Var. IRREGULARIS, Sowb. PI. 16, figs. 30, 31. Shell bluish ash, tinged with chestnut at the extremities, with two white lines, one at the shoulder, the other near the middle, overlaid, when perfectly developed, with white zigzag markings. oe INFRENATUS, Reeve. Pl. 16, figs. 32, 33, Shell rosy white, encircled by articulated lines of chestnut and white spots; apex pink. Length, 1 inch. South Africa. C. RosacEus (Chemn.), Auct. Pl. 17, figs. 34-39. Shell yeilow rosy, sometimes indistinctly brown-dotted in revolving lines, middle usually light-banded, the band maculated with chestnut, spire also maculated; surface finely striated throughout. Length, 1°75 inches. South Africa. This species is the C. aurora of Lamarck, C. Broderipi, Kiener, not Reeve, and C. roseo-tinctus, Sowb (fig. 36). Var. Tinranus, Reeve (not Hwass). Pl. 17, figs. 37, 38. Shell thin, striated towards the base; reddish chestnut clouded with gray, and irregularly ornamented with indistinct fillets of articulated white and chestnut; spire obtusely convex, apex rose-tinted. : C. Loveni, Krauss (fig. 38), is essentially similar. Var. SIGNIFER, Crosse. PI. 17, fig. 39. Shell finely striated, faintly articulated with chestnut and white in revolving lines upon a brown-violet surface; there are a few white maculations on the spire, and the upper and lower extremities and middle of the body-whorl. Length, 39 mill. Hab. unknown (Cuming coll.), C. Lamarcgt, Kiener. Pl. 17, figs. 40-42. Shell somewhat inflated, smooth, striate at the base; orange- CONUS. BST brown, maculated with white, forming two irregular bands, besides scattered spots. Length, 1°6 inches. South Africa. Distinguished from the typical C. rosaceus by its more bulbous form, partial absence of strive and the pattern of painting; yet connecting pretty closely with that form through some of its varieties. C. inflatus (fig. 41) and C. citrinus (fig. 42), both of Kiener, are varieties. : C. Broperipii, Reeve. Pl. 17, fig. 43. Shell rather thin, a little inflated, encircled by grooves more distinct towards the base, and very finely pricked ; very pale fleshy white, ornamented between the grooves with blotches of light orange-brown; spire grooved, apex pointed; aperture rosy. Length, 28 mill. Moluccas. I am not acquainted with this species. C. spectrum, Linn. PI. 17, figs. 44-49, 51. Shell cylindrically turbinated, thin, somewhat inflated, lower part of body-whorl with distant revolving grooves; white, variously painted with chestnut longitudinal irregular streaks, usually forming three broad series or bands. Length, 1°5—2 inches. Mauritius, Java, Moluccas, ete. C. pica, Ad. and Reeve (figs. 46, 47), and C. subulatus, Sowb., not Kiener (fig. 48), are synonyms. C. collisus, Reeve (fig. 45), is a slight variety. Var. Licror, Boivin. Pl. 17, fig. 49. Whole surface distantly encircled by granular striz. Warotacrcus, tam. PL ti, fie. 51. Shell pure white, distantly grooved throughout. More inflated than C. parius, Reeve, which it otherwise closely resembles. C. potrum, Boivin. PI. 17, fig. 50. Shell more inflated than C. spectrum; irregularly clouded with yellowish brown and white. Length, 36 mill. A Hab. unknown. C. ANDAMANENSIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 17, fig. 52. Yellowish white, irregularly marked with small brown spots 58 CONUS. - and lines, covered by a thin, smooth epidermis ; base grooved ; Spire striate, with radiating brown lines; aperture white. Length, 22-31 mill. Andaman Islands. C. conspersus, Reeve. Pl. 17, figs. 53,54; Pl. 18, figs. 55, 56 ; Viel As oe Shell turbinated, slightly inflated, smooth, grooved towards the base; pale yellowish or salmon-color, sprinkled with irreg- ular orange-brown spots and longitudinal blotches, sometimes with two obsolete lighter bands ; everywhere encircled with very fine, close hair-like lines; spire convex, tessellated with orange- brown; aperture flesh-color. Length, 1°25-1°9 inches. Moluecas. This species is scarcely distinguishable from C. spectrum. C. Verreauxii, Kiener (fig. 54), C. stillatus, Reeve (fig. 55), and possibly C. inflatus, Sowb. (Pl. 27, fig. 7), are synonyms. The latter does not much resemble this species, and remains uniden- tified, but Sowerby has himself suggested its place here. Var. DAPHNE, Boivin. PI. 18, fig. 56. Shell orange-color or orange-brown, including the aperture, without markings, except variations of shading. C. cINEREUS, Hwass. PI. 18, figs. 57-61. Cylindrically ovate, with moderate, smooth spire, body-whorl encircled below by distant grooves; clouded with olivaceous, ashy blue and chestnut-brown, with revolving lines articulated ot chestnut and white spots ; aperture brown-stained. Length, 1°75 inches. Philippines, Australia. C. zebra, Lam. (not of Reeve or Sowb.), and C. Gabrieli, Kiener (fig. 58), are synonyms. Var. STRATURATUS, Sowb. PI. 18, fig. 59. With interrupted longitudinal chestnut markings forming bands upon an ash-blue ground. Borneo. Var. Bernarpil, Kiener. PI. 18, fig. 60. Fulvous chestnut, with a few scattered white spots and chestnut revolving lines. CONUS. 59 Var. pouitus, Weinkauff. PI. 18. fig. 61. Yellowish brown, with revolving lines of chestnut and white articulations, and three distant, narrow white bands marked with chestnut. Length, 39 mill. Habitat unknown. C. TRIBUNUS, Crosse. PI. 20, fig. 20. Shell smooth, grooved below; orange-brown, indistinctly light-banded in the middle, longitudinally strigate with choco- late; aperture light violaceous. Length, 30 mill. Coast of California (Crosse). The locality given for this species needs confirmation. C. auBospiraA, E. A. Smith. PI. 18, fig. 62. Spire concavely elevated, lirate, white, with flesh-colored apex ; body-whorl angulate above, striate, the strie becoming stronger and subgranular below; white with longitudinal olive stripes forming three bands by their somewhat regular interruption ; aperture lilac-white. Length, 27:5 mill. Habitat unknown. Mr. Smith compares this to C. straturatus, Sowb. ( = cinereus, Hwass , but I think it is more nearly related to C. rosaceus, Chemn., and that it may prove to be a very. light-colored variety of that species. C. nisus (Chemn.), Auct. Pl. 18, figs. 63-68. Shell somewhat swollen, distantly suleate below, otherwise smooth; white, encircled by chestnut spots, clouds, and oblique and triangular markings ; spire maculated. Length, 1-1°5 inches. Philippines, Moluccas. With this species may be united C. zebra, Sowb. (fig. 65°, C. Blanfordianus, Crosse (fig. 66), C. alveolus, Sowb. (fig. 64), C. stigmaticus, A. Ad. (fig. 67), C. stramineus, Lam., and C. cocceus, Kiener (fig. 68). C. SUBMARGINATUS, Sowb. PI. 18, figs. 69, 70. Shell narrow, with raised carinate spire, body-whorl attenuate and closely sulcate in front; yellowish white, aperture rosy. Length, °85 inch. Habitat unknown. 60 CONUS. An obscure species. (. suturatus, Kiener, not Reeve (fig. 70), appears to be identical. C. RADIATUS, Gmelin. PI. 18, figs. 71-73. Shell pale yellowish to pale chestnut, often longitudinally indistinctly marked with deeper coloring; spire striate, lower part of body-whorl distantly suleate. Length, 1°5-2°25 inches. Philippines, Polynesia. Reeve described and figured this species under the name of C. Martinianus; he has also called a smaller white variety C. parius (fig. 72); the specimens before me prove its specific identity with radiatus. The white variety is frequently covered by a smooth olivaceous epidermis; in which state it is C. Gubbe, Kiener (fig. 73). C. contusus, Reeve. Pl. 18, fig. 74. Shell somewhat cylindrically ovate, rather thin, smooth, with three or four distant grooves at the base, spire finely double- grooved, rude at the sutures, apex very sharp; ochraceous, stained with ash-blue. Length, 1°25 inches. Moluccas. Whether this species will be found to reveal any design in the coloring, it is impossible to foresee from the single worn specimen. C. ocHRoLEucuS, Gmelin. PI. 18, fig. 75. Shell long and narrow, distantly grooved towards the base ; yellowish brown, variously shaded, with a rather indistinct median lighter band; aperture white; spire striate, maculated with yellowish brown and white. Length, 2—2°5 inches. _ Australia, New Caledonia, Viti Islands. C. 1opostoma, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 76. Shell thin, narrow, somewhat inflated; spire finely grooved, apex sharp; body-whorl striate towards the base; violet-white, clouded with chestnut, with revolving lines of chestnut spots. Length, 40 mill. Philippines. C. Liznarpt, Crosse and Bernardi. Pl. 18, fig. 77; Pl. 19, figs. 78, 79. Spire raised, carinated, slightly striate ; body-whorl distantly CONUS. oy | grooved below; yellowish brown, variously longitudinally covered with zigzag chestnut or chocolate markings ; sometimes almost or quite covered with chocolate. Length, 1°75 inches. New Caledonia. Distinguished by its sharp shoulder and coloration. C. Macer, Crosse. PI. 19, fig. 80. Shell rather thin, smooth under a thin epidermis; whitish, with chestnut longitudinal flames; base of body-whorl finely suleate; aperture pale violaceous. Length, 388 mill. Vizagapatam (Madras), India. C. Timorensis, Hwass. PI. 19, fig. 81. Shell smooth, striate towards the base; rosy white, with orange-rose clouds and distant revolving series of spots. Length, 1°5 inches. Timor, Flores, ete. C. Janus, Hwass. PI. 19, fig. 82. Spire concavely elevated, striate; body-whorl narrow, with rounded shoulder, and distantly suleate below; whitish or yellowish, indistinctly three-banded by yellowish brown or chestnut longitudinal markings; spire maculated. Length, 2—2°5 inches. Cochin China, Philippines. C. Jickett, Weinkauff. PI. 19, fig. 83. Sheli white, with chocolate, irregular, longitudinal markings, and quadrangular spots in revolving series. Length, 2 inches. fied Sea. Very closely allied to the preceding species. of which it may be only a variety. C. inscriptus, Reeve. Pl. 19, figs. 84, 85. Shell rather solid, smooth, grooved towards the base; ash- white, with dark chestnut hieroglyphic characters, interrupted by revolving series of spots in the middle and at the base. Length, 1-4 inches. : Red Sea, Seychelles. C. Kealii, Sowb. (fig. 85), varies slightly in the disposition of the color-markings. ‘The species has a sharper shoulder than C. Janus, but is too closely allied to that species. 62 CONUS. C. Erytur#ensis, Beck. Pl. 19, figs. 86-89. Shell small, smooth, striate below; yellowish white, with revolving rows of quadrangular chestnut spots, sometimes partly clouded over, so as to form bands of chestnut clouds; spire maculate. Length, -8-1:2 inches. Red Sea. C’. induratus, Reeve (fig. 86), a young shell, C. piperatus, Reeve (fig. 37), C. quadrato-maculatus, Sowb. (fig. 88), and C. concinnus, Sowb., Jr. (fig. 89), not Sowb., Sen. or Brod., = C. sapphirostoma, Weinkauif, are all synonyms; besides several unfigured and less known species. C. pUNCTICULATUS, Hwass. PI. 19, figs. 90-96. Shell rather broad-shouldered and somewhat swollen above, slightly contracted and grooved towards the base; whitish, encircled by numerous lines of close, small chestnut spots, and often clouded longitudinally with light violaceous or chestnut, forming three obscure bands; aperture white or violaceous. Length, 1-1°25 inches. West Columbia, northwards to Cerros Isl., L. California, West Indies. A wider shell, with smaller, much more numerous spots than C. Erythreensis. C. perplexus, Sowb. (fig. 91), C. pustulatus, Kiener (fig. 92), and C. ¢apillosus, Kiener (fig. 93), are synonyms; the latter two are pustulate on the revolving lines. The West Indian C. pygmzxus, Reeve, — C. pusio, Sowb. (fig. 94), — C. Duvalt, Bern (fig. 95), presents no distinctive features. C. Hanleyi, Sowb. (fig. 96), said to inhabit the Medi- terranean Sea (?), is very similar. C. conumBA, Hwass. PI. 19, figs. 97, 98. Shell white, under a very thin light brown epidermis; shoulder angulated ; body-whorl deeply distantly grooved towards the base; sometimes there are a few longitudinal brown markings above the grooves. Length, °75—9 inch. West Indies. C. Aneast, Tryon. Pl. 19, fig. 99. Shell rosy or yellowish white, ornamented with rows of small distant square or elongated irregular brownish yellow spots, those in the centre larger and more varied in shape, forming a sort of CONUS. 63 band ; sculptured all over with rows of minute, close-set, oblong punctures, more numerous and distinct towards the base, which is encircled by a number of narrow elevated ridges ; spire striate. Length, 20 mill. ; Port Jackson, Australia. Described by Angas as C. Mvtcalfei,a name preoccupied by. Reeve. C. IntERRUPTUS, Brod. Pl. 27, fig.8; Pl. 19, figs. 100-2; Pl. 20, i figs. 83-5, 21. Shell long and narrow, with smooth elevated spire, body-whorl striate towards the base, the strize sometimes minutely granular; whitish, largely covered by longitudinal chocolate clouds, encir- cled by numerous lines of minute chestnut spots; spir2 nearly covered by chestnut or chocolate flammules. Length, 1°5—2°25 inches. West Coast of Central America to Mazatlan, Cape St. Lucas. Occasionally the entire body-whorl is covered with impressed or raised strizw, the latter smooth or granuiar. There are a number of synonyms, none of them differing much from the typical shells. These are C. mahogani, Reeve (figs. 1, 2), C. Ximenes, Gray (fig. 100), C. monilifer, Brod. (fig. 3), C. tor- natus, Brod. (fig. 4), C. Philippii, Kiener (fig. 5). C. arcuatus, Brod.and Sowb., although differing much in form, is still possibly an extreme variety of this species; and I am inclined to refer here also C. catenatus, Sowb. (fig. 21). Section XII. AcHATINI. Chelyconus, Morch. C. caTus, Hwass. PI. 20, figs. 6-10. Shell bulbous, with convex, striate spire; body-whorl striate, the striz rounded, usually obsolete above, granular below, olive, chestnut-, chocolate- or pink-brown, variously marbled and flecked with white, often faintly white-banded below the middle. Length, 1°25-1°75 inches. Red Sea, Mauritius, Java, China, New Caledonia, Polynesia. C. eques, Brug. (fig. 10), is probably a synonym; the species is only known by the figure of which I give a copy. 64 CONUS. Var. NIGROPUNCTATUS, Sowb. PI. 20, figs. 8, 9. Shell colored as above and encircled by series of chocolate- colored dots. C. Adansoni, Reeve (fig. 9), is synonymous. C. ACHATINUS (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 20, figs. 11, 12. Shell bulbous, with somewhat elevated, striate spire; body- whorl with rounded, sometimes granular strix below; marbled with pinkish or purplish white and olivaceous-brown, under a light brown, thin epidermis, everywhere encircled by close-set narrow brown lines, which are usually broken up into brown and white articulations. Length, 2-3 inclres. India, China, Australia, Solomon’s Islands. C. SUPERSTRIATUS, Sowb. PI. 20, fig. 13. Shell oblong, fuscous, obscurely nebulous, suleate above and below, smooth in the middle, with a median white band, macu- lated with fuscous ; spire depressed, striated, maculated. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. An obscure species, only known through Sowerby’s figure and short description. C. monacuus, Linn. Pl. 20, fig. 14. Shell a little inflated, distantly grooved below; spire striate, somewhat convex; white, longitudinally marbled and flecked with dull blue or purple. Length, 2 inches. « Philippines, New Caledonia. Narrower at the shoulder, thinner, usually without the dotted revolving lines of C. achatinus, although a few such lines are sometimes vaguely apparent. Weinkauff considers C. asstmilis, A. Ad., a synonym of this species. I have referred it to C. magus. C. PURPURASCENS, Brod. PI. 20, figs. 15-17; Pl. 27, fig. 9. Shell broad-shouldered, with rude, striate spire; striate below, and the striee sometimes slightly granular; clouded with white or violaceous and brown or olive, with close lines of chestnut and white minute articulations ; sometimes irregularly white-banded in the middle. Length, 2-3 inches. ; Panama to Mazatlan. Weinkauff makes C. neglectus, A. Ad. (fig. 16), the juvenile of CONUS. 65 this species. C. Luzonicus, Sowb., not Hwass (fig. 16a), and C. comptus, Gould (PI. 27, fig. 9), are synonyms. Var. REGALITATUS, Sowb. PI. 20, fig. 17. Shell more completely covered with dark color, so as to obscure the articulated lines; but little of the lighter markings is visible beyond an interrupted central band. C. TxsTUDINARIUS (Mart.), Auct. Pl. 20, fig. 18. Whitish, more or less stained with blue or purple, and clouded with chocolate, irregularly white-banded in the middle; spire and base striate. Length, 2°5-3-5 inches. West Indies, Cape Verd Is., West Coast of Africa. Allied to C. purpurascens, but not so broadly shouldered, with higher spire. CC. aspersus, Sowb., and C. Portoricanus, Hwass, are synonyms. C. FULMEN, Reeve. PI. 20, fig. 19. Shell somewhat elongately ovate, smooth, slightly grooved towards the base; pale rose-purple, white round the middle; longitudinally marked with two or three very prominent, broad, waved, purple-brown streaks; spire obtusely convex, variegated with purple-brown, apex rose-tinted. Length, 2-3 inches. China, Japan, Philippines. Narrower, with higher spire, than the allied species. C. modestus, Sowb., is supposed by Sowerby (Thes. Conch., Index) to be a young shell of this species. C. nynA, Hwass. PI. 20, fig. 22. Shell turbinate, rather angulate at the shoulder; spire and base striate; pinkish or violaceous white, with broad, chestnut, longitudinal flames. Length, 1-75 inches. West Africa. C. Guinaicus, Hwass. PI. 20, figs. 23, 24. Shell inflated, rather thin, spire and lower portion of body- whorl striate; chestnut or olivaceous, with usually two bands of irregular white cloudings, and scattered white spots; aperture chocolate-color, faintly white-banded in the middle. Length, 2 inches. West Coast of Africa. It is a more bulbous species, with shorter spire, than C. Wedt- 0 66 CONUS. terraneus, but very close in coloring, and may be only a rather distant variety of that species. C. MepiTerRANEvs, Hwass. PI. 20, fig. 26; Pl. 21, figs. 25-31. Shell yellowish brown, pink-brown or olivaceous; sometimes chocolate-brown, very closely nebulously spotted and reticulated ; and sometimes interrupted-lined with chestnut, with a narrow, light band below the middle; spire elevated, rudely gradate, maculated ; interior light chocolate, with a light band. Length, 1°5—2-25 inches. Mediterranean, Portugal, West Africa. C. hybridus, Kiener, C. Franciscanus, Hwass (fig. 26), a dark- colored variety, and numerous other names have been applied to varieties of this species, recent and fossil. Var. ADANsoNI, Lam. PI. 21, fig. 27-29. Shell more cylindrical. West Africa. C. Jamaicensis, Sowb. (fig. 28), and C. Bruguieri, Kiener (fig. 27), are synonyms. C. Tamsianus, Dunker (fig. 29), appears to be a younger shell. Var. CH@RULESCENS (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 21, figs. 30, 31. Shell more conical, with broader shoulder and shorter spire. West Africa. C. «emulus, Reeve (fig. 31), is a synonym. C. ALTISPIRATUS, Sowb. PI. 21, fig. 32. Shell fusiform, with much elevated spire, and narrow body- whorl, sulcate below; white, apex pink-tinted. Length, 1:5 inches. Agulhas Bank, So. Africa. C. castus, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 33. Shell turbinated, a little inflated, smooth; yellow, encircled by a few faint, very finely black-dotted lines, at irregular distances ; — spire smooth, apex rose-tinted. Length, -75 inch. Red Sea (Sowerby). A doubtful species. C. Mapurensis, Hwass. PI. 21, fig. 34. Shell yellowish or chestnut-brown, with an irregular light band CONUS. 67 on the middle, and another above it, which are bordered with chestnut markings; spire maculated. Length, °9 inch. 2 ava. C. Borsontcus, H. Adams. PI. 21, fig. 35. Shell narrow, smooth, with elevated spire, slightly nodulous ; body-whorl striated below; yellowish rose, with a central white band and numerous interrupted chestnut lines. Length, 12 mill. Isle of Bourbon. Undoubtedly an immature shell. C. coRALLINUS, Kiener. PI. 21, figs. 36, 37. Shell narrow, with elevated spire; yellowish, with a central white band bordered with chestnut spots, spire maculated with chestnut. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. C. inxqualis, Reeve (fig. 37), has a somewhat wider shoulder, but is otherwise so closely allied that I think Dr. Weinkauff is right in considering it a variety only. C. piLEctus, Gould. PI. 21, fig. 38. Shell acutely conical; spire concavely elevated, carinated and striated; color dingy white, everywhere covered with minute reticulations of pale rusty lines, with a series behind the middle and another at the anterior third of the last whorl, of several large lunate or triangular white spots, alternating with dark fer- ruginous spots ; and there is the same alternation on the shoulder of the last whorl; around its anterior portion are six or eight grooves ; interior flesh-colored. Length, 12 mill. Fiji Islands. C. nitTIpus, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 39. Yellowish, apex pink, body-whorl with an irregular central white band, and narrow chestnut lines, often broken up into spots. Length, ‘75 inch. Philippines. C. APLUSTRE, Reeve. PI. 21, figs. 40, 41. Shell rather stoutly turbinated, smooth, thin, somewhat inflated, striate towards the base; yellowish white, with irregular yellowish brown or ash faint bands, and lines of white and chestnut artic- ulations ; spire depressed, apex pointed. Length, 1°25—1-4 inches. Cape Good Hope (Sowerby), Australia (Brazier), New Zealand (Hutton). 68 CONUS. C. Zealandicus, Hutton, and C. multicatenatus, Sowb. (fig. 41), are synonyms—the latter more richly colored than typical examples. C. picrus, Reeve. Pl. 21, figs. 42-44. Chestnut-colored, with two or three pink bands, and a few narrow lines, ornamented with reddish or chestnut spots; spire maculated. Length, ‘75—1°4 inches. South and East Africa. C. jaspideus, Kiener, not Gmelin — C. Danieli, Crosse (fig. 43), and C. scitulus, Reeve (fig. 44), are synonyms. C. PAUPERCULUS, Sowb. PI. 21, fig. 45. Shell narrow, thin, olivaceous, with a flesh-colored central band, and numerous revolving series of small chestnut spots. Length, 1 inch. South Africa; Japan (Dunker). C. Lautus, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 46. Shell yellowish, the spire, a central band, and base marked longitudinally with chestnut, rest of body-whorl with revolving lines of chestnut spots. Length, 1°5 inches. Cape of Good Hope. May be a variety of the preceding species. C. ELoncaTus (Chemn.), Auct. Pl. 21, fig. 47. Shell yellowish brown, longitudinally streaked with chestnut or chocolate, light-banded in the middle, and occasionally with several lines of chocolate spots; spire maculated. Length, 2 inches. South Africa, Mozambique. C. Mozambicensis, Hwass, is a synonym. ‘C. cAFFER, Krauss. Pl. 21, figs. 48-51. Shell narrow, with convex spire, rosy or dark brown, with a light central band, the lighter-colored varieties with revolving lines of brown spots. Length, 1-1-5 inches. Cape of Good Hope. Much resembles C. pictus, Reeve, and may be a variety of that species, but is narrower, with more convex spire ; the lighter- colored shells are painted very like C. pictus. OC. gilvus, Reeve (fig. 50), and probably C. secutor, Crosse (fig. 51), are synonyms. CONUS. 69 C. Rosstteri, Brazier. Shell turbinated, thin, shining, transversely finely striated under the lens, longitudinally blotched with chestnut-brown, white and light blue; spire slightly convex, apex pointed; whorls seven to eight, upper edge of basal whorl splashed with white arrow- shaped spots, alternating with dark square chestnut spots ; very finely striated between the sutures, a dark interrupted chestnut band across the centre of the shell, below the band faint whitish spots; base ridged, tipped with white, with a dark red band above the white; lip thin, slightly flexuous, edged with brown ; interior of aperture white and brown. Length, 66 inch. Botany Bay, N. S. Wales. The above is the full description of this unfigured species ; it is probably an immature shell. I have not seen it. C. ALGoENSIS, Sowb. PI. 22, fig. 52. Shell thin, smooth, chestnut-brown, with one or two bands of longitudinal white markings; spire articulated with white and brown. Length, 1 inch. Algoa Bay, So. Africa. ©. Fucatus, Reeve. Pl. 22, fig. 53. Shell conically turbinated, smooth or obsoletely peculiarly indented, ridged at the base; spire conspicuously striately grooved, intermediate ridges granulated, apex raised, sharp ; ash- olive, spire marbled with white. Length, -8 inch. Philippines. C. tacHRYMosus, Reeve. PI. 22, fig. 54. Oblong-conical, slightly ventricose, rather thin, smooth, con- tracted and ridged towards the base; spire striately grooved, sharp at theapex ; fulvous orange, encircled by interrupted lines of darker color, white in the middle and on the upper edge, painted longitudinally with promiscuously waved orange-brown streaks, spire stained and variegated with the same color. Length, 1°25 inches. Habitat unknown. A doubtful species, described from the Cumingian collection. C. ANEMONE, Lamarck. PI. 22, figs. 55-61. Shell very variable in form, short and robust, with short spire, or longer and more slender, with elevated spire; spire and body- 70 CONUS. whorl closely encircled throughout with close ridged strize ; white, longitudinally nebulously or reticulately painted with chestnut or chocolate, with an irregular central white band; aperture chocolate-tinged and white-banded in the middle. Length, 1°25—2°25 inches. Borneo, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia. The peculiar ridged strive form the most constant character of this species. The synonymsare rather numerous, as the form is very inconstant; they include C. maculatus, Sowb. (fig. 56), a short, broad shell, possibly O. ardisiacus, Kiener, C. Nove- Hollandiz, A. Ad. (fig. 57), C. Jukesti, Reeve (fig. 58), another short-spired and broad-shouldered form, C. Cabriti, Bernardi (fig. 59), and C. compressus, Sowb. (fig. 60), an immature shell. C. anemone is related to C. rosaceus, Chemn., in its strive and the usual form of the spire and body-whorl, and it is possible that they are specifically identical, although differing in the pattern of coloring. C. cocceus, Reeve. Pl. 22, figs. 62, 63. Shell turbinated, rather stout towards the upper part, a little rounded, transversely very finely ridged, interstices between the ridges slightly pricked; white delicately filleted with small irregular pale scarlet spots; spire obtusely convex. Length, 1-2-1°5 inches. Australia, Philippines. C. decrepitus, Kiener (fig. 63), appears to be a color-variety, as determined by Reeve, Sowerby and Weinkauff. C. cerinus, Reeve. PI. 22, fig. 64. Shell somewhat stoutly ovate, rather thick, smooth, base pecu- liarly granosely ridged, spire three-grooved; white, conspicuously painted with interrupted lineated chestnut blotches, apex pink. Length, 1°15 inches. Philippines. C. VAYSSETIANUS, Crosse, PI, 22, fig. 65. Shell finely coronated ; body-whorl closely striated, chestnut- brown, with white maculations at the middle and (less distinctly) on the shoulder; aperture chestnut within. Length, 14 mill. New Caledonia. ¥ CONUS. TE C. CARNALIS, Sowb. PI. 22, fig. 66, Shell obsoletely striate, slightly ridged towards the base; light pink, with two broad yellowish brown bands; spire also tinged with yellowish brown. Length, 50 mill. Habitat unknown. C. MeEtviuu1, Sowb. PI. 22, fig. 67. Shell abbreviately subcylindrical, solid, obtusely angulated, smooth, crenate-sulcate in front; grayisb white, with cinnamon- brown longitudinal clouds, and undulating revolving lines, the interstices with’ some curved longitudinal lines; spire obtuse, strigate with brown; aperture brown-tinted. Length, 20 mill. Key West, Florida (J. C. Melvill). Iam not acquainted with this species, of which a single speci- men was obtained at the above locality. Section XIII. ASpeErt. Cylindrella pars, Hermes pars. C. KreneErti, Reeve. Pl. 22, figs. 68, 69. Shell somewhat fusiformly turbinated, slightly recurved at the base, transversely grooved throughout, grooves rather distant, pricked ; spire striately grooved ; livid ash-color, variegated in a banded, interrupted style with chestnut, sprinkled towards the base with opaque white flakes, spire conspicuously spotted with chestnut, interior of the aperture livid purple. Length, 1°15 inches. Madagascar (Weinkauff). The synonyms are C. nisus, Kiener, C. roseus, Kiener, and C. latifasciatus, Sowb. (fig. 69). C. supuLatus, Kiener. Pl. 22, fig. 70. Shell narrow, with concavely elevated spire, carinated at the sutures; body-whorl regularly distantly grooved throughout ; white, often with longitudinal chestnut strigations, interrupted so as to form three broad bands. Length, 1:25-1-°75 inches. Philippines. C. pretiosus, G. and H. Nevill. Resembles C. subulatus, from which it can be distinguished by its more pyriform, elegantly produced shape, by its being nearly 72 CONUS. perfectly smooth (on the under side only, on two-thirds of the last whorl, are unusually distant, impressed grooves to be traced, and even these are almos* obsolete); white, throughout closely dashed with wavy, brown, slightly pinkish splashes; these mark- ings are somewhat larger and more distinct on the spire, and also form two irregular bands on the body-whorl; apex very sharp, spire much produced, composed of fourteen whorls, acutely angled in the middle, above this angle spirally striated, striz numerous, near the apex very slightly granular; interior of the aperture a beautiful pink, white near the margin; epider- mis thin, smoothish, compact. L. 60, diam. 25, L. apert. 48 mill. Andaman Isles. The above is a copy of the original description of this un- figured species, from the single specimen. C. Neprunus, Reeve. Pl. 22, fig. 71. Shell narrow, with concavely elevated spire and sharp apex, body-whorl distantly grooved towards the base; flesh-color, every- where veined and clouded with reddish chestnut flexuous lines and spots; aperture rosy white. Length, 1°75 inches. Philippines. C. NeprunoreEs, E. A. Smith. Pl. 22, fig. 72. Shell somewhat wider at the shoulder and spire less striate than in C. Neptunus; yellowish white, with irregular chestnut lines or large reticulations, forming two ill-defined broad bands ; aperture rosy white. Length, 45 mill. Australia. The pattern of coloring is more open and less completely covers the shell, the markings are narrower and better defined than in C. Neptunus. C. mucRONATUS, Reeve. PI. 22, figs. 73,74; Pl. 23, fig. 75. Shell acuminately turbinated, attenuated towards the base, with revolving grooves throughout, grooves crossed by revolving strie ; whitish, somewhat clouded with pale brown, spire spotted with brown. Length, 1-125 inches. Philippines. The spire is sometimes obsoletely coronated. C. alabaster, Ads. and Reeve (fig. 74), is a synonym. Reeve figures it and refers to the Moll. Voy. Samarang, but it is not described in that CONUS. 73 work, as it was probably ascertained to be a synonym in time to prevent publication. I place here also: Var. oRBITATUS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 75. e Ridges flat, the grooves between them pricked and striated ; whitish, variegated with burnt brown; spire acuminated, apex raised and sharp. C. PLANILIRATUS, Sowb. PI. 23, fig. 76. Spire maculated with chestnut, spirally striate, minutely can- cellate; body-whorl distantly grooved, yellowish white, maculated with chestnut spots, forming obscure bands. Length, 22 mill. Habitat unknown. C. AUSTRALIS (Chemn.), Auct. Pl. 23, figs. T7, 78. Shell distantly channeled throughout, the interstices usually plane, sometimes minutely granular; channels narrow, longi- tudinally striated; spire much elevated, acuminated, striate, sometimes obscurely minutely coronated ; yellowish brown, with light chestnut longitudinal short irregular lines, and clouds of the same color forming three obscure interrupted bands. Length, 2—3°5 inches. Australia, Moluccas. C. laterculus, Sowb. (fig. 78), is a young shell of this species. C. strigatus, Hwass. PI. 23, fig. 79. Shell elongately turbinated, somewhat cylindrical, whitish, encircled throughout with a number of interrupted, close-set, | cinnamon-brown stripes, and palely variegated with oblong blotches of the same color; spire convexly raised. Length, 1°25 inches. Habitat unknown. A doubtful species, and possibly not the one intended by the original description. C. sutcatus, Hwass. Pl. 23, figs. 79 a—81. Shell with revolving grooves crossed by longitudinal striz, the intermediate ridges flat or rounded, smooth; spire short, cari- nated, striate, sometimes with distant compressed tubercles ; light yellowish brown, or whitish. Length, 2—2°5 inches. China, Singapore. 74 CONUS. Var. UNDULATUS, Sowb. PI. 23, fig. 80. Middle and lower part of body-whorl distantly, narrowly grooved, upper part smooth; spire with compressed tubercles. Var. Bockt, Sowb. PI. 23, fig. 81. Angle of body-whorl more rounded than in the type, with the tubercles larger and better defined; upper part of body-whorl nearly smooth, lower half slightly granularly costate. Amboina. C. GRANIFER, Reeve. PI. 23, figs. 82, 83. Shell somewhat fusiform, conical, granose throughout, ridged at the base, spire slightly channeled, finely coronated at the edge ; white, tinged with light brown at the base and apex. Length, 1 inch. Philippines. C. EXARATUS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 84. Shell narrow, grooved throughout; grooves regular, rather broad, interstices very finely cancellated with striz ; pale bluish purple, ornamented with a very few small, scattered, rusty, white clouded spots; spire acuminated. Length, ‘8 inch. ‘ Habitat unknown. Dr. Weinkauff suggests that this is an uncoronated variety of the preceding species. C. putcuer, A. Ad. PI. 23, fig. 85. Shell sulecate throughout ; brown, obscurely light-banded in the middle, encircled by lines of brown and white articulations ; spire coronated. Length, -9 inch. New Caledonia. Possibly a young variety of C. sulcatus, Hwass. C. sutcirerus, A. Adams. PI. 23, fig. 86. Shell oblong, distantly sulcate, the interspaces flat; uniform dark brown ; spire minutely beaded. Length, -9 inch. New Ireland, New Caledonia. Perhaps a young C. sulcatus, Hwass. C. cANCELLATUS, Lam. PI. 23, figs. 87-89. Shell pear-shaped, broad and angulated at the shoulder, con- tracted towards the base ; body-whorl closely sulcate throughout, the sulci striate, intervening ridges rounded; spire carinate, CONUS. TS concavely elevated, with acute apex, striate; whitish, obscurely doubly banded with clouds of light chestnut, and spire macu- lated with the same. Length, 1-4 inches. China, Philippines, Australia, Tahiti? C. precellens, A. Ad. (fig. 88), is a not fully mature specimen, and C. turriculatus, Sowb. (fig. 89), is still younger. C. ACULEIFORMIS, Reeve. PI. 23, figs. 90-94. Narrow, with elevated spire; encircled with equidistant punc- tate grooves, and flat interspaces ; white, with light chestnut spots and two interrupted broad bands of chestnut cloudings. Length, 1-1-5 inches. Australia, Philippines, China. C. vimineus, Reeve (fig. 91), C. insculptus, Kiener (fig. 93), C. longurionis, Kiener (fig. 94), and C. gracilis, Sowb. (fig. 92), appear to be very nearly identical; they can scarcely be classed as varieties. C. p’OsBieNy!, Audouin. PI. 23, figs. 95, 96. Spire elevated, closely striated, coronated ; body-whorl con- tracted below, encircled with punctured channels; yellowish white, clouded and spotted with light chestnut, and forming three interrupted bands. Length, 1°5—2-25 inches. China, Japan, Philippines. The synonymy includes C. planicostatus, Sowb., and O. gemmu- latus, Sowb. (fig. 96), the latter a young shell. C. ARMIGER, Crosse. PI. 24, fig. 97. Spire elevated, with compressed tubercles at the sutures ; body- whorl encircled by tuberculated strix ; yellowish white. Length, 1°25 inches. Habitat unknown. Has much the appearance of the foregoing species. It is sup- posed to bea fossil. First described by Kiener as C. crenulatus, a name preoccupied by Deshayes, and therefore altered as above by Mr. H. Crosse. f C. arcuatus, Brod. and Sowb. PI. 24, fig. 98. Shell broadly and angularly shouldered, spire concavely ele- vated, apex acute, body-whorl somewhat contracted below, with revolving striz, sometimes obsolete above ; white, marbled or 16 CONUS. streaked with chestnut, the coloring usually interrupted by the revolving sculpture so as form revolving series of spots. Length, 1:25-1-75 inches. Mazatlan, West Coast of Mexico. Very probably C. scalaris, Val. (P1. 27, fig. 10), isan overgrown specimen of this species, with the spire gradate, and abnormally produced. C. unpatTus, Kiener. PI. 24, figs. 99, 100, 1, 2. Shell strongly spirally striate ; yellowish brown, marbled with chestnut, which is interrupted by the revolving sculpture so as to form many short, close lines of color. Length, 35 mill. Fiji Islands (Sowb.), China. C. subeequalis, Sowb. (fig. 100), a young shell, C. Sowerbyt, Reeve (fig. 1), and C. cingulatus, Reeve, not Lamarck (fig. 2), are Synonyms. C. cinauLatus, Lam. PI. 24, figs. 3, 4. Shell with nearly direct sides, body-whorl sulcate below; yel- lowish, striped longitudinally with chestnut, with close series of revolving chestnut spots. Length, 1°85 inches. Philippines. Very closely allied to C. undatus, Kr., and possibly a variety of that species; both of them are too closely related to C. arcu- atus, Brod. and Sowb. (C. Sinensis, Sowb. (fig. 4), is a synonym. C. ACUTANGULUS, Hwass. PI. 24, fig. 5. Shell with concavely elevated spire, carinate and usually minutely tuberculate at the sutures; body-whorl encircled by punctate grooves; white, clouded with light chestnut, with usually an ill-defined central white band. Length, ‘5-1 inch. Philippines. Is very probably the young of C. cancellatus, Lam. The West Indian species usually known to American collectors under this name, I refer to C. verrucosus, Hwass. C. commopus, A. Ad. Shell elongately turbinated, narrow, smooth, base obliquely suleate; white, under a fulvous epidermis; spire elevated, con CONUS. V1 vexly acute, variegated with light fulvous; apex. elate, acute, body-whorl acute and carinated behind. Habitat unknown (Mus. Gruner). An unfigured species ; no dimensions given. C. WiimertI, Sowb. PI. 24, fig. 6. Shell fusiform, pale brown, transversely ribbed, ribs strong, rounded, smooth, equal in width to the interstices, which are crossed with thread-like striz ; spire very elevated, whorls eleven, flatly sloping, with three deep-cut spiral grooves, keeled at the angle, a spiral cord against the suture; last whorl with the upper angle acutely keeled, sides sloping, and attenuated towards the base; aperture narrow; lip slightly sinuated at the upper extremity. Length, 21 mill. Andaman Islands. Much narrower than C. acutangulus, witha very elevated spire. Possibly a young shell of a form of C. d’Orbignyt. ©. TENUISULCATUS, Sowb. PI. 24, fig. 7. Body-whorl narrowly distantly sulcate ; white, three-fasciate with large, light brown spots. Length, °75 inch. Habitat unknown. An immature shell, which does not appear to possess any remarkable distinctive characters ; is closely allied to C. rarimac- ulatus, described in the same paper and figured on the same plate by Sowerby. C. TRisTIs, Reeve. Pl. 24, fig. 8. Shell smooth, grooved towards the base, spire concavely raised, striated, finely nodulous, nodules of the last whorl obsolete ; white. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. The figure appears to be that of a dead specimen which has lost its color through bleaching. C. Borneensis, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 24. Spire elevated, whorls channeled, carinate, lower part of body- whorl distantly sulcate; white, blotched here and there on the body and spire with chestnut. Length, 1°75 inches. Borneo, Australia. Perhaps too closely related to C. undatus, Kiener. C. acuti- 78 CONUS. marginatus, Sowb. (fig. 10), and C. Lizardensis, Crosse (fig. 11), are referred as synonyms to this species by Dr. Weinkauff; they are both young shells. C. verRucosus, Hwass. Pl. 24, figs. 12-18. Spire raised, smooth, slightly gradate, sometimes obsoletely tuberculate ; body-whorl distantly, narrowly sulcate; spaces between the sulci plane, sometimes smooth, usually tuberculated ; yellowish white, irregularly clouded with orange or chestnut. Length, ‘75—1-2 inches. W. Coast of Africa, West Indies. The smoother form of this species is usually known under the name of acutangulus, Hwass—which is a Philippine Islands shell, differing in its smaller size, want of tubercles and punctured sul- cations. C. echinulatus, Kiener (fig. 13), C. nodiferus, Kiener (fig. 15), C. sticticus, A. Ad. (fig. 14), C. Mindanus, Hwass (fig. 16), C. cretaceus, Kiener (fig. 17), C. anaglypticus, Crosse (fig. 18), and possibly C. elventinus, Duclos, are synonyms. C. coprueatus, Sowb. Pl. 24, fig. 19. Shell closely sulcate, the interstices raised, rounded and more or less granular; light chestnut, spotted with dark chestnut, with a median lighter band. Length, °75 inch. China (specimen from Sowerby). A more slender and much more finely sculptured shell than C. verrucosus, with the edges of the spire-whorls neatly spotted with brown. C. pAPALIS, Weinkauff. PI. 24, fig. 20. Shell fusiformly turbinated, swollen at the shoulder, encircled throughout with fine, equidistant ridges; spire proportionally large, elevated, strongly coronated, white ; body-whorl olive-ash, marked below by small oblong-square white flakes. Length, ‘5 inch. Philippines. Undoubtedly a very young shell. It was described by Reeve under the name of C. coronatus, preoccupied by Dillwyn for another species. Is it a young C. pontificalis ? CONUS. 79 C, SEMISULCATUS, Sowb. PI. 24, fig. 21. Spire concavely acuminate, the whorls near the apex minutely beaded ; body-whorl distantly sulcate below; chestnut-brown. Length, °85 inch. Habitat unknown. C. CaLEDontIcus, Hwass. PI. 25, fig. 22. Orange, encircled by numerous thread-like chestnut lines, thre lower of which are very finely granulated; spire somewhat acu- minated, obsoletely coronated. Length, 2°25 inches. New Caledonia (Capt. Cook). Described from a specimen obtained during Capt. Cook’s voyage around the world, and not identified with any subsequently dis- covered specimens. The original of my figure was drawn from what is believed to be the type specimen, forming part of the Delessert (Geneva) collection. Section XIV. TEREBRI. Hermes (Montf.), Morch, pars. C. NUCLEUS, Reeve. Pl. 25, fig. 23. Shell with fine revolving striz ; orange-brown, with an irregular white band, and spots; aperture violaceous, Length, ‘9 inch. Philippines, New Caledonia. Possibly only a variety of the next species. C. LuTEus, Brod. PI. 25, figs. 24, 25. Shell yellow, pink or purplish, encircled by chestnut lines which are mostly broken up into chestnut and white articulations, an irregular white band below the middle; aperture purplish, with a central white band. Length, 1—-1°5 inches. Island of Annaa. C. auans, Hwass. PI. 25, figs. 26-28. Shell encircled throughout with coarse or fine striz, which are sometimes granular; violaceous or brown, with a few lighter spots on the spire, and usually a light irregular band below the middle of the body-whorl ; aperture violaceous. Length, 1—1°75 inches. Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia, Polynesia. C. tenuistriatus, Sowb. (fig. 28), is a synonym. 80 CONUS. C. scABRIUSCULUS, Chemn. PI. 25, fig. 29. Shell striate throughout, sometimes minutely granular ; chest- nut or chocolate-color, with large white maculations on spire and below the shoulder, as well as around the middle of the body- whorl; base of body-whorl tinged with purple; aperture tinged with purple. Length, 1-1-5 inches. Caroline Is., Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia. C. fabula, Sowb., is a synonym. C. TENDINEUS, Hwass. PI. 25, fig. 30. Shell striate, sometimes granular throughout; violaceous chestnut, under an olive-brown thin epidermis, with large oblong white spots, arranged in two series on the body-whorl, one series below the shoulder, the other below the middle, base also white or violaceous ; aperture tinged with violet. Length, 2—2°5 inches. I. Bourbon, Mauritius, Annaa. C. TEREBRA, Born. PI. 25, figs. 31-33. Shell striated throughout; pale yellowish or ash-color, indis- tinctly two-banded, often somewhat tinged with violet at the -base; aperture white or slightly violaceous. Length, 1°75—4 inches. Red Sea, Nicobar Is., Ceylon, Isl. of Bourbon, Philippines, N. Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji Islands. C. celebs, Winds (fig. 32), isa young specimen, and C. Thomast, Sowb. (fig. 33), differs only in the spire being somewhat shorter than usual. C. Cariuiaupl, Kiener. Pl. 25, fig. 34. Shell narrow, smooth, with low spire and undulated or slightly tuberculated shoulder; yellowish, encircled throughout by narrow chestnut lines. Length, 2 inches. Habitat unknown. C. NUSSATELLA, Linn. Pl. 25, fig. 35. Shell closely striated, the striz minutely granular; yellowish white, clouded irregularly with orange-brown or light purple- brown, with numerous chestnut spots on the striae. Length, 1°5—2°25 inches. Red Sea, EB. Africa, Ceylon, Java, Philippines, N. Australia, N. Caledonia, Polynesia. CONUS. 8] C. TENELLUS (Chemn.), Auct. Pl. 25, fig. 36. Shell narrow, cylindrical, encircled by minutely granose striz; whitish, broadly three-banded by oblong longitudinal clouds of orange-brown, the interstices brown-spotted. Length, 1°75 inches. Australia. This is the C. artoptus, Sowb., and C. spectabilis, A. Ad. C. ctavus, Linn. PI. 25, figs. 37, 38. Shell cylindrical, with revolving striz throughout ; two-banded with orange-brown and covered with large and small reticulating lines of the same color; spire convex, maculated. Length, 2 inches. Java, Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesia. Related by its coloring to the textile group. Var. pactyLosus, Kiener. PI. 25, fig. 38. Shell narrower, the reticulated pattern much simaller and more uniform in the size of the meshes, interrupted by three or four broad, uniform orange-brown bands. C. crrcumcisus, Born. PI. 25, figs. 39, 40. Shell thin, striated throughout ; yellowish or violaceous white, clouded with chestnut, with distant revolving series of chestnut spots and short lines, most conspicuous on two irregular lighter bands. Length, 2—2°5 inches. Philippines. This species is also well-known under the name of C. duz, Hwass, given to it several years later. C. Du Saveli, H. Adams (fig. 40), from Mauritius, is a beautifully colored variety. C. Brazier, Sowb. PI. 25, fig. 41. Shell rather solid, with revolving strie throughout; whitish, tinged with pale rose-pink, with two broad, light yellowish brown bands, sprinkled here and there with a few very minute brown spots ; spire conspicuously marked with dark brown blotches. Length, 75 mill. Solomon Islands (Brazier). Closely allied to the preceding species. C. GRANULATUS, Linn. PI. 25, figs. 42, 43. Shell regularly grooved throughout the body-whorl, the inter- 6 82 CONUS. stices plane or granular; spire striate, often gradate ; orange-red, raised portions with very narrow chestnut revolving lines, white- clouded, especially in the middle, forming an irregular band, which is mottled and bordered with chestnut; interior rosy. Length, 1°5-2 inches. West Indies. C. verulosus, Hwass. (fig. 43) — C. fusus, Gmel., appears to be only a worn state of this species, devoid of color. C. coccineus, Gmelin. PI. 25, fig. 44. Shell thin, with somewhat convex sides, encircled by striz, which are often minutely granular; spire moderate, sometimes gradate, striate, obsoletely coronated ; orange pink, with a white central band, variegated with dark brown spots and blotches ; spire usually maculated. Length, 1-25-1-75 inches. Philippines, New Caledonia. This shell is equally well known as C. Solandri, Brod. C. FILAMENTOSUS, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 45. Shell oblong-conical, obtusely angled at the upper part, slightly inflated, smooth, encircled throughout with narrow distant erooves ; spire striate, with raised, sharp apex ; whitish, profusely clouded with yellowish orange; here and there scarlet-tinged, and closely encircled throughout with very fine thread-like lines of a darker color. Length, 28 mill. Habitat unknown. There are about five of the color-lines between each groove. I am not acquainted with this species. C. nmBosus, Hwass. PI. 26, fig. 46. Rosy or violaceous white, with two faint chestnut bands, closely encircled by lines of small chocolate dots; body-whorl with close revolving grooves. Length, 1°45 inches. Ceylon. C. aunistacus, Linn. Pl. 26, fig. 47. Shell with slight revolving ridges, sometimes granulated below; spire channeled and striate ; pink-white, with deeper-colored bands, distantly encircled by lines of short dashes and dots of chocolate ; spire with conspicuous chocolate markings. Length, 2 inches. Moluccas. CONUS. 83 C. BARTHELEMYI, Bernardi. PI. 26, fig. 48. Shell covered with fine undulating strive; orange-red, with a central white band, upon and in the neighborhood of which are a few chocolate spots ; spire whitish, maculated with chocolate. Length, 3°75 inches. Chagos Isl. Dr. Weinkauff makes this a variety of C. aurisiacus. C. cyrrnpRaceus, Brod. and Sowb. PI. 26, figs. 49, 50. Shell with fine revolving strie, somewhat granulous towards the base ; chestnut, longitudinally streaked with white, with fre- quently an upper and lower band of white maculations. Length, 1-1°5 inches. Society Islands; New Caledonia. C. mirratus, Hwass. PI. 26, figs. 51, 52. Shell covered with granulated revolving striz; white, encircled near the shoulder, on the middle and base by large chestnut maculations, forming three interrupted bands; spire maculated with brown. Length, 28 mill. Isl. Bourbon, Philippines, New Caledc ria. This shell much resembles in form Dibaphus edendulus, one of the Mitride. C. Pupxformis, Sowb. (fig. 52), described as a variety, is identical. C. cREBRISULCATUS, Sowb. PI. 26, fig. 53. Shell red, sulcat2, with smooth, elevated spire, beaded at the angles. Length, 15 mill. Sandwich Islands (Weinkauft). C. Trai, A. Ad. PI. 26, fig. 54. Shell finely sulcated, yellowish white, with two broad bands of tessellated chocolate spots. Length, 12 mill. Malacca. C. PUNCTURATUS, Hwass. PI. 26, fig. 55. Shell cancellated with longitudinal and revolving lines, pale ash-color; spire striated, obsoletely coronated, spotted with brown, apex rose-tinted. Length, 10 mill. Australia, 84 CONUS. Section XV. Burst. Conella, Swainson. C. Arricanus, Kiener. PI. 26, figs. 56-62. Shell turbinated, obtusely inflated above; chestnut or choco- ‘late color, with white maculations, forming an irregular broad central band; spire maculated. Length, 1°25 inches. Guinea, West Africa. Var. BULBUS, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 57. Shell longitudinally irregularly striped with chocolate and white. Var. Duponti, Kiener. PI. 26, fig. 58. Shell shorter and broader, with irregular chestnut and white maculations. Var. Gray, Reeve. Pl. 26, figs. 59, 60. Shell gray or ashy blue, ornamented with large, waved choco- late spots, generally arranged so as to form two bands ; aperture violaceous. Length, 1 inch. 2? Australia (Brazier); LZ. Guinea (Dunker). C. obtusus, Kiener (fig. 60), is a synonym. Var. aurratus, Kiener. PI. 26, fig. 61. Shell yellowish brown, with irregular small chocolate blotches, and a few small spots in revolving series. Var. VARIEGATUS, Kiener. Pl. 26, fig. 62. Yellowish brown or chestnut-color, maculated with brown on the shoulder, with numerous fine chocolate revolving lines often broken up into spots. C. zEBROIDES, Kiener. Pl. 26, fig. 62 a. Shell yellowish brown, longitudinally, irregularly striped with chestnut, extending over the spire. Length, 47 mill. Australia. No locality is given by Kiener for this species, but C. Cookt, Brazier (unfigured), described from Botany Bay, New South Wales, a shell 20 mill. in length, appears to be a younger speci- men of the same species. CONUS. 85 C. concrnnutus, Crosse. Pl. 26, fig. 63. White, with chestnut waved longitudinal markings. Length, °75 inch. Gulf of California. The specific name is substituted for C. concinnus, Brod., pre- occupied by Sowerby,sen. Iam not acquainted with the species. C. ATRAMENTOsUs, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 64. Shell encircled by finely pricked grooves; chestnut-color with generally a few white spots on the shoulder, and white-tinted at the base. Length, 12 mill. | Philippines, New Caledonia, Sandwich Is. C. fusiformis — C. parvus, Pease, an unfigured species from the Sandwich Islands, is identical; I have authentic specimens before me. ©. HIEROGLYPHICUS, Duclos. PI. 26, fig. 65. Shell cylindrically ovate, ashy violet-color, ornamented with two bands of peculiarly sinuated white spots; with revolving series of pale granules; spire convexly acute, variegated; base striated. Length, °85 inch. . 2 West Indies. C. LuGuBKIs, Reeve. Pl. 26, fig. 66. Shell finely striated, rudely ridged at the base, ridges few and distant, spire conspicuously grooved ; chocolate-black, obscurely reticulated here and there with numerous aggregated small white spots. Length, 75 inch. West Africa. C. hieroglyphicus, var. Kiener, is identical. Section XVI. Tuipz. Nubecula, Klein (in part). C. striatus, Linn. PI. 26, fig. 67. Shell irregularly clouded with pink-white and chestnut or chocolate, with fine close revolving strive, forming the darker ground-color by close colored lines; spire tessellated with chest- nut or chocolate and white, its whorls slightly channeled, cari- nate and striate. Length, 2°5-3°5 inches. Red Sea, East Africa, Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia, Viti Islands. C. terminus, Kiener (not Lamarck), is identical. 86 CONUS. C. GUBERNATOR, Hwass. PI. 26, figs. 68, 69. Whorls of the spire carinate, channeled and striate, tessellated with chestnut; body-whorl pink-white, longitudinally clouded with chestnut or chocolate, often obscurely two-banded ; several distant sulci towards the base. Length, 2°5—4 inches. East Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, Ceylon, Philippines, New Caledonia. C. terminus, Lam. (fig. 69), is described as having a less rounded shoulder, is narrower, etc.; but in the series before me the transition forms make a series of stages so complete that I cannot separate C. terminus even as a variety. . C. Borvini, Kiener. PI. 28, fig. 70. Spire depressed, channeled; bedy-whorl with equidistant revolving punctured grooves, obsolete in the middle; yellowish white, with two light brown bands, and a few hieroglyphic mark- ings. Length, 2°5 inches. East Africa (Weinkauff ). C. MELANCHOLICUS, Lam. PI. 28, fig. 71. Shell elongated, rather cylindrical, cancellated with exceedingly fine striz ; orange-red, with a band of white spots at the shoulder and another below the middle of the body-whorl; spire smooth and sharp, spirally striated, variegated with orange-red. Length, 2 inches. Habitat unknown. The type specimen remains unique. C. RHODODENDRON (Couthouy), Jay. Pl. 28, fig. 72. Spire depressed, channeled and striate; body-whorl grooved above and below, smooth in the middle; rosy white. with numerous small triangular chestnut spots and three bands of violaceous and chestnut clouds and reticulations. Length, 1°75—2°25 inches. Australia, New Guinea, Polynesia. Perhaps the most beautiful species of the genus. C.cingulatus, Sowb. (not Lamarck), is a synonym, and C. discrepans, Sowb.., a dead, colorless shell, not adult, but with the same form and grooving, is referred here by Dr. Weinkauff. C. rLoccatus, Sowb. PI. 28, figs. 73, 74. Shell oblong, subcylindrical, solid, granosely sulcate below ; CONUS. 87 light purplish, with longitudinal flames and revolving bands of chestnut, and lines of angulate white spots. Length, 2°5 inches. Philippines. C. Magdalenzx, Kiener (fig. 74), is a pale variety. C. Juni, Liénard. PI. 28, figs. 75, 76. Shell white, upper part of body-whorl, spire and interior, tinged with pink, body-whorl with longitudinal chestnut striga- tions, forming two irregular bands. Length, 1:5 inches. Mauritius. This is perhaps only a variety of C. floccatus; the figure which Kiener gives under that name (fig. 76), appearing to be somewhat intermediate in its characters. C. BuLLatus, Linn. Pl. 28, fig. 77. Shell inflated, thin, grooved below; white, clouded with orange-red and chestnut, forming two ill-defined bands, with indistinct revolving rows of white and chestnut articulations ; aperture pink. Length, 1°5-2°5 inches. Philippines, N. Caledonia. It is the C. Tinianus of Kiener, not Kuster. C. cervus, Lam. PI. 28, figs. 78, 79. Shell large, cylindrically inflated, thin, pale rosy yellow, encircled by lines and bands of chestnut and white spots, and hieroglyphic markings. Length, 4°25 inches. Moluccas, Allied to C. bullatus, but much larger and differently fasciated, yet it may prove to be only a gigantic variety of that species. Var. Cuvier, Crosse. Shell smaller, pale fawn-color, with a few large white blotches, especially about the middle, and numerous close revolving lines of chestnut spots. Length, 2 inches. Red Sea, Australia, The name was substituted by Crosse for C. Deshayesii, Reeve, preoccupied for a fossil species. C. tunipa, Linn. PI. 28, figs. 80, 81. Shell variegated with violet and white, clouded with chestnut, 88 CONUS. with numerous revolving rows of minute chestnut and white articulations; interior violaceous. Length, 2—2°5 inches. East Africa, Red Sea, Ceylon, Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesia. The synonymy includes C. floridus, Sowb. (fig. 81). C. vioLAcEus, Reeve. PI. 28, figs. 82, 83. Shell subcylindrical, violaceous, with chestnut blotches, form- ing three interrupted bands, and faint lines of minute chestnut and white articulations. Length, 11-25 inches. Philippines, Isl. Annaa, ete. With this I unite C. obscurus, Reeve (fig. 83), and C. geo- graphus, var.of Sowb. It differs from young shells of C. tulipa in its more cylindrical form and in having three bands. C. grogRapPuus, Linn. PI. 28, fig. 84; Pl. 29, fig. 85. Shell thin, cylindrically inflated, with thread-like revolving striz, usually nearly obsolete except at the base; spire striated and coronated ; pink or violaceous white, clouded and coarsely reticulated with chestnut or chocolate, usually forming two very irregular bands; aperture violaceous white. Length, 3—5 inches. E. Africa, Red Sea, Ceylon, Philippines, N. Caledonia, Polynesia. Var. MApPPA, Crosse. Pl. 29, fig. 85. Shell smaller, more cylindrical, rose-color, marked as in the typical form; base of body-whorl obsoletely grooved. The name was substituted by Crosse for C. intermedius, Reeve; the latter being preoccupied by Lamarck for a fossil species, Section XVII. Text. Cylinder, Montf. Textilia, Swains. C. aurEus, Hwass. PI. 29, fig. 86. Shell subcylindrical, with fine revolving striz ; orange-brown, very finely reticulated with chestnut, with larger subtriangular spots of white, aggregated into masses and bands at the shoulder, middle and base; there are usually a number of longitudinal streaks of chestnut running over the orange-brown reticulated spaces. Length, 1°5—-2 inches. Moluccas, Philippines, New Caledonia. CONUS. 89 C. Pautucci#, Sowerby. PI. 29, fig. 87. Shell elongated, rather solid, obsoletely striated, very obtusely angulated behind and attenuated to the front; whitish, with broad interrupted bands of orange, longitudinally streaked with chestnut-brown, intersected by a net work of triangular orange lines ; spire pyramidal, whorls faintly spirally grooved ; aperture narrow, white. Length, 2:25 inches. Mauritius. The form is more tapering and surface smoother than C. aureus. It is perhaps a variety of the next species. C. PYRAMIDALIS, Lam. PI. 29, figs. 88, 89. Shell smooth, conical, finely striated at the base; violaceous or flesh-color, covered by chestnut or chocolate reticulations, and doubly banded. Length, 1:75 inches. Australia. This species is not well understood; with some of the figures illustrating it; C. Pauluccizx seems to be very closely allied, whilst Reeve’s conception of it is a shell approaching C. textile. C. convolutus, Sowb. (fig, 89), appears to differ only in its more vivid coloring. C. @LoriaA-MARIS, Hwass. PI. 29, fig. 90 White, finely reticulated with orange-brown lines, enclosing triangular spaces, with three interrupted bands of chestnut hieroglyphic markings. Length, 3-5 inches, Philippines. A magnificent and very rare species, C. ReTIFER, Menke. Pl. 29, fig. 91. Shell pear-shaped, with revolving striz; reticulated orange- brown with large and small triangular white patches, and zigzag longitudinal chocolate markings, mostly interrupted so as to form one or two bands; interior light violaceous. Length, 1—-1°75 inches. Philippines to Sandwich Islands. Equally well known under Sowerby’s name of C. solidus. Its nearest ally is C. verriculum, Reeve, a stumpy variety of C. textile. y, C. TexTILE, Linn. PI. 29, figs. 92-99; Pl. 30, figs. 100-7. Shell yellowish brown, with undulating longitudinal lines of 90 CONUS. chocolate, interrupted by triangular white spaces ; these last are irregularly disposed, but crowded at the shoulder, base and middle so as to form bands; spire similarly marked ; aperture white. Length, 2-5-3 5 inches. Mauritius, Red Sea, Ceylon, Japan, Philippines, Australasia, Viti Islands, etc. The synonymy includes C. vicarius, Lam. (fig. 95), C. scriptus, Sowb. (fig. 96), in which the reticulations cover most of the surface. Var. TELATUS, Reeve. PI. 29, figs. 97, 98. The triangular reticulations much finer than in the type. In a specimen before me the usual three bands are each divided into two, with narrow intervening spaces. Another slight modi- fication of pattern of coloring is C. tigrinus, Sowb. (fig. 98). Var. VERRICULUM, Reeve. PI. 29, fig. 99. Shell shorter and proportionally wider than the type; the triangular white markings are usually larger and cover more of the surface. Approaches the preceding species, C. retifer. Var. EUETRIOS, Sowb. PI. 30, fig. 100. Shell finely reticulated with chocolate lines over the white surface, as to cause it to appear a uniform chocolate-color at a distance, crossed by three broad bands of darker color. Approaches C. Elise, Kiener. Var. ARCHIEPISCOPUS, Hwass. PI. 30, figs. 1-3. Shell smaller than the type, with much smaller reticulations, more completely covering the surface. Connected with textile by intermediate stages. C. canonicus, Hwass. (fig. 2), does not appear to be essentially different, and C. rubescens, Bonnet, and C. Madagascariensis, Sowb. (fig, 3), may also be placed here. Var. CONDENSUS, Sowb. PI. 30, fig. 4. Shell narrower than the type, connecting with C. auratus. Var. LEGATUS, Lam. PI. 30, fig. 5. Shell small and rather narrow, with strong longitudinal choc- olate markings over the reticulations. This is essentially a young state of C. canonicus, above, into which it passes with growth. CONUS. 91 Var. Vicroriz, Reeve. PI. 30, fig. 6. Differs from the type in the reticulations being mostly smaller, and light-colored, contrasting strongly with the bands of very dark chocolate eueeaainal stripes, and in being more or less overlaid with violaceous clouds. Australia. Var. COMPLANATUS, Sowb. PI. 30, fig. 7. Shell more inflated than C. Victoriz, with much shorter spire, the reticulations more delicate, the bands much lighter in color. This shell, also from Australia, probably passes into the form Victoriz. C. Prevosti, Sowb. PI. 30, fig. 8. Shell narrow, sulcate below; orange, obscurely fasciated with chestnut, and finely reticulated with narrow orange lines; spire with two striz. Length, 40 mill. New Caledonia. I am not acquainted with this species. C. CONCATENATUS, Kiener. PI. 80, fig. 9. White, very openly reticulated with orange-red lines. Length, 35 mill. Habitat unknown. An unrecognized form, which may prove to be a variety of C. textile. C. Dat, Stearns. Pl. 30, fig. 10. Spire indistinctly grooved; body-whorl obscurely spirally ribbed below ; yellowish brown, with reddish brown longitudinal stripes, interrupted by four revolving bands of white spots, and occasional white spots on the darker surface; interior rosy pink. Length, 2°15-2°35 inches. Gulf of California. Closely allied to C. textile, but the spire has a convex outline, the interior is roseate, the spots are smaller, ete, The distribu- tion of C. texiile is entirely different; yet this may be only a variety. C. Lucivus, Mawe. PI. 30, fig. 11. Shell white, encircled by equidistant narrow chestnut lines; which are connected longitudinally by semicircular lines—some- 92 CONUS. times crowded, but usually distant, forming series of open reticulations ; spire fasciculated with chestnut. Length, 1°5—2°35 inches. Isle of La Plata, W. Coast of Central America. C. ABBAS, Hwass. PI. 30, figs. 12-14. Shell white, very finely reticulated with narrow orange-brown lines, with a broad central and often narrower upper and lower bands of darker color bearing occasional longitudinal chocolate stripes. Length, 1:5—-2°5 inches. E. Africa, Ceylon, Philippines, New Caledonia. Very closely allied to C. textile, but the shell is smaller, the reticulations much smaller, the longitudinal streaks rarely apparent, and the dark bands of abbas occupy about the same positions as the lightest markings of tewtzle. Var. PANNICULUS, Lam. PI. 30, figs. 13, 14. Body-whorl with four bands of fine reticulations, and three bands bearing longitudinal chocolate stripes. C. corbula, Sowb. (fig. 14), is very similar in its markings. C. Evisa#, Kiener. PI. 30, fig. 15. . Shell white, so closely finely longitudinally lined and reticulated with chocolate, as to appear like a chocolate surface with innumer- able white specks, with two or three broad darker bands. Length, 2 inches. Madagascar. C. crocatus, Lam. PI. 31, figs. 16, 17. Shell saffron-yellow, with a few scattered small white triangu- lar spots; spire tessellated with chestnut. Length, 2°75 inches. Philippines, New Caledonia. C. RACEMOSUS, Sowb. PI. 31, fig. 18. Shell rather solid, smooth, with convex spire; brownish orange- color, with obscure revolving lines sparingly articulated with white, and clusters of white triangular spots, mostly disposed in three bands. Length, 2°15 inches. Sandwich Islands. Very doubtfully distinct from the following species. C. omarrA, Hwass. PI. 31, figs. 19-28. Shell varying from orange-brown to chocolate.color, covered CONUS. 93 by minute white spots, and overlaid by larger white triangular spots, sometimes forming bands at the shoulder, middle and base. Length, 2-3 inches. Red Sea, Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, Polynesia. With this species I am compelled to unite C. pennaceus, Born (figs. 20, 21), C. prelatus, Hwass (fig. 22), C. episcopus, Hwass (figs. 23,24), C. rubiginosus, Hwass (fig. 25), C. magnificus, Reeve (fig. 26), and C. stellatus, Kiener (fig. 27), the latter a juvenile. Var. COLUBRINUS, Lam. PI. 31, fig. 28. Shell rather narrower, marked like C. textile, with longitudinal chocolate streaks, the triangular white spots fewer and smaller. C. auticus, Linn. PI. 31, figs. 29, 30. Shell rather narrow, with elevated spire; chocolate-brown, covered by elevated close revolving lines of darker color; sur- face irregularly overlaid by subtriangular white spots, some of which are very large. Length, 3°5—5:5 inches. Mauritius, Ceylon, Philippines, N. Caledonia, Vitti Isles, ete. Distinguished by its form and revolving raised lines, and the absence of white articulations. C. auratus, Lam. (fig. 30), is distinguished only by a redder color and occasional minute white spots on the revolving striz ; it is scarcely entitled to a varietal name. Undetermined and Spurious Species. The following names, mostly of long standing, have not been identified with any of the species by either of the monographers. The descriptions are usually insufficient, and the references to the plates (sometimes the figures themselves) perplexing. C. pusio, Lam.; ©. sasprpEus, Gmel.; C. mnsuLARIS, Gmel.; C. LEOPARDUS, Meusch.; C. rusirormis, Lam.; C. LAMELLOSUS, Brug.; C. ziczac, Muhlf.; C. niaEr, Jay. C. Sinensis, Gmel. (? An artificially colored specimen.—Von Martens. ) Soren CONUS. . LUTEUS, Quoy. Voy. Astrol. (Scarcely a Cone.—Sowerby.) The single specimen recorded by Quoy was lost. - MAURUS, Gray. Australia. . OCELLATUS, Gmel. (? Artificially colored.cVon Martens.) . cIncTus, Val. Acapulco. . MAMILLARIS, Green. ‘(The figure unrecognizable.) Florida. The following recently described, but unfigured species, I am unable to locate. C. C. Cc; CARMELI, T.-Woods. Tasmania. Sopot®, Brazier. Solomon’s Islands. PURUS, Pease. Polynesia. Hrrata. |! Page 12. After “C. Lorenzianus, Chemn.,” add Sowerby, in part. Page 38. After “ C. gradatulus” read Weinkauff instead of Sowerby. INDEX AND-SYNONOMY. CONID-. Abbas (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. pe 750, Abbreviatus (Conus), Nuttall, Mss. Reev e, Teo . 86. = C. miliaris, Hwass., var. Achates (Conus), Meuschen. E. A. Smith, Jour. Linn. Soc. xii, 536. — C. monachus, Linn. Achatinus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cabs; pl. i429. 1S Aculeiformis (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. ‘Soc., 1843 a os Acuminatus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., iy pt. 2, p- 268 Acutangulus (Conus), Chemn. Conch., xi, pl. 182, f. 1772, 1773, : : 76, Acutimarginatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl., f 640, 641, se 00 Borneensis, Ad. and Reeve, var. . Acutus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 119; fie: 142. = C. Ceylonensis, Hwass, var. . Adamsoni (Conus), Gray, Mss. Brit. Mus. , Reeve, Icon., ais 29. — C. rhododendron, Couth. Adansoni (Conus), Lam. An., s. Vert. vii, P. 502. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, Var). Adansoni (Conus), Reeve, Icon., f. 190, 193. = C. nigropunctatus, Sowb. Adriaticus cecuus), Chiereghini. Crosse, “Guerin’s Mag., 203,1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Adustus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 204, » ig. 403. = C. classiarius, Hwass,juv. . Aegrotus (Conus), ’ Reeve. Conch. Ie. pl. Vv. ., Sup., f. 250. Aemulus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, P. 79; = C. cerulescens, Chemn. ‘ Affinis (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3391. — C. circumcisus, Born. Africanus (Conus), Kien. Sp. gen. Conch., 260, pl. 104, f. 2 Africanus (Conus), Meusch. Sowb., Thes. Index. — C. teniatus, Hwass. Acrestis (Conus), Spengl. Mdérch, Kierulf Cat., p. 31. — C. figulinus, L., var. Loroisi. (95) 66 84 96 INDEX AND SYNONOMY. Alabaster (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Reeve, Icon. Suppl., t. Gwe aes Pa i Albicans (Conus), Sowb. Thes, Conch., iii, No. ie t. ‘98, et: Albomaculatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Ill., f. 2. — C. beeticus, Reeve, var. 26 Albospira (Conus), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, P 450 pl, xivilte i, . s. Algoensis (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, ; . 69 Altispiratus (Conus), Sowb. Zool. Proc. | 1878, pl Gs ie p. 146, 66 Alveolus (Conus), ‘Sowb. Conch. “Tits f. Tee — C.nisus,Chemn. . : AK) Amabilis (Conus), Lam. Ap. Ss. Vert., , Vii, P. 503. — C. pertusus, Hwass, : 2) Od Amadis (Conus) Martini. Conch. Cab., ii, P. 290, pl. 58, f. 642, 643, . : : ; : ; ~~) 730, 31 Amadis (Conus), Sowb., var. Thes. Conch., t. 8, f. 171. = C. schech., Jeck. Amazonicus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin’s Mag., 203, 1858. —C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Ambiguus (Conu$), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 177, 13 Ammiralis (Conus) Linn. Syst. Nat. (G@mel. Ed.), p. 3378, 29 Anabathrum, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., t. 9, f. 4, 1865, . 33 Anaglypticus (Conus), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1865, p. 314, pl. 11, f. 8-8 a. —C. verrucosus, Hwass, Bey) Anceps (Conus), A. Ad. Proe. Zool. Soc., 1853, ?. 119. — C. consors, Sowb. . 52 Andamanensis (Conus), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soe. , 1878, P. S04 pl b0e tol as 57 Anemone (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert., , vii, p. 479, 3 bz: Angasi (Conus), Tryon, 62 Anculatus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118. EG) regularis, Sowb. 37 Aplustre (Conus), Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, ?. 171, ay Arachnoideus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat.., , 0988 (part). = (C. araneosus, Hwass, . os : aes Araneosus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. Ver., 1, pl?) pr Gholi 8 Arausiensis (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cat. — C. daucus, Hwass. Archetypus (Conus), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., ie e 10, f. 7, p. 313. —C. daueus, Hwass, . 48 Archiepiscopus (Conus), Hw ass. Ene. Method. vers, i, pt 2p. 14%. = C textile, finn. var. — 90 Archithalassus (Conus), Dillw. Dese. Cat., i, 374. — (©. ammiralis, Linn., var. ~ 229 Archon (Conus), Brod. ’ Proc. Zool, Soe. J1888; p. 54, th INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Arcuatus (Conus), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. ane iv, p. aoe 15, Arcuatus (Conus) Gray. Zool. Beechey. Voy. “3 p. 119. = C. emarginatus, Reeve. Ardisiacus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 316, pl. 108, f. 1. ?— C. anemone, Lam. 3 : : ‘ : : : Arenatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. ver., i, pt. 2, p. 621, Aristophanes (Conus), Duclos. Sowb., Thes. Conch., 63, f. 81, 82. —C. miliaris, Hwass, var. Armiger (Conus), Crosse. Guerin’s Mag., 205, 1858, . Armillatus (Conus), C. B. Ad. Contr. to Conch. ae tb 59. = C. Proteus, Hwass, Articulatus (Conus) Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, pl 15, f. 3, p. 145, Artoptus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. II. £ 35. — C. tenellus, Chem., Sow. Thes. Index, : Asper (Conus), Lam. ‘Anim. sans Wet. vii, 467. = C. sulcatus, Hwass. Aspersus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIL, fig. 16. — C. testudinarius, Martini. Assimilis (Conus), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 118, 1853. =——C. magus, Linn. . 2 O05 Ateralbus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv. D. 313, pl. evili, f 4 and 4a. = C. venulatus, Hwass, Atramentosus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. “Sup., pl. vii, f. 265, . Attenuatus (Conus), Reeve. "Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 180, Augur (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 685, Aulicus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, p. 1171, Aurantius (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers.,i, pt. 2, p. 606, Auratus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 516. = C.aulicus, Linn. . 3 Aureolus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 395. Aureus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers. yi, pt. 2, p. 742, . Auricomus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 742, t. 346, f. 3. = C. clavus, Linn. Auricomus (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 167. = C. aureus, Hwass. Aurisiacus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., 1170, : gn Sas Aurora (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 500. = C. rosaceus, Chemn. ; ; : : - : : Australis (Conus),Chemn. Conch., xi, pl. 183, f. 1774, 1775. Baccatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe. Fae p. 753, Bb bx, f..5, Badius (Conus), Kien. — Coq. Viv. 1. 89, me 6.0. GE 3. = C. nemocanus, Hwass, . i 97 22 39 98 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Balteatus (Coaus), Sowb. Conch. IIl., f. 58, Balteus (Conus), Mawe. Wood, Index Test. Suppl t t. 3, : 5, 1856. — C. cuneolus, Reeve, Bandanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. ’Meth., i, pt 2p. 611. = C. marmoreus, Linn., var. Barbadensis (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i i, pt. 2, p. 632. ?—C. miliaris, Hwass, var. abbreviatus, Barbadensis (Conus), Reeve (not Hwass). Icon. 5 fe 47. = C. nebulosus, Solander, Barthelemyi (Conus), Bernardi. J. de Conch., 1861, p. 285; 1862, p. 46, pl. i, f. 12. — C. aurisaicus, Linn. Bayani (Conus), Jousseaume. Rev. Zool. » xxiii (2), P. . 200, ST2, plese, tds Baylei (Conus), Jousseaume. Rev. Zool., xxiii (2), p. 198, pl eM, fi, 182s vas. ‘ : : : : - Bernardi (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., p. 220, pl. 100, f. 2. = C. cinereus, Hwass, var. Betulinus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmelin), p. 3383, Bicolor (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIL. , fig. 18. = C. Proteus, Hwass, : : : : Bifasciatus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3392. == C. centurio, Born. Bifasciatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 186, f. 302, Biliosus (Conus), Bolt. Crosse, Mag. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. piperatus, Reeve. Blainvillii (Conus), Kien. Cog. viv. P. 358, pl. exi, f. 1. = C. classiarius, Hwass, Blainvillei (Conus), Vign. Desc. = C. ammiralis, Linn. Blanfordianus (Conus), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1867, pl. 2, f.1,p. 66. = C.nisus,Chemn. . Bocki (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1881, p. 636 pl. lvi, f.7. =—C. sulcatus, Hwass, var. : Beeticus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 174, Boivinii (Conus), Kien. Ic. Cog. viv., pl. 64, : : Borbonicus (Conus), H. Ad. | Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 288. pli xvi dl, Borneensis (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Moll. Voy. Sam. P. 18, 0 Bae cee eee (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl., 439, f. 648. — C magus, Linn. . Brazieri (Conus), Sowb. Jour. of Conch., iii, 1881, p. 234, i Res bea eae Se esiouulbs (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Illust., if; 55, list. — C. Proteus, Hwass, Broderipi (Conus), Kien. (non Reeve). Icon., t. ae POM — C. rosaceus, Chemn. Broderipii (Conus), Reeve. ‘Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179. 21 32 41 69 74 26 86 67 17 53 81 12 56 57 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Bruguieri (Conus), Kiener. -— C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, . Brunneus (Conus), rie Wood’s Index Test. Suppl., t. "By he ae Bulbus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 171. — (C. Africanus, Kiener, var. . - Bullatus (Conus), Linn. Sy st. Nat. Edit., xii, 1172, Bullatus var. (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIl., f. 24, —— CU, cervus; iam. . ‘ . ; : ‘ ‘ : Buxeus (Conus), Link. Mus. Rostock, Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858. — C. quercinus, Hwass. Buxeus (Conus), Reeve. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1843, p. 180. = C. lignaris, Reeve, var. furvus. Cabriti (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 377, pl. xiii, f.2. = C. anemone, Lam. Caffer (Conus, Krauss. Siidafr. Moli., 131, t. 6, f. 24, Cailliaudi (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv. pl. 55, 5, Caledonicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, ‘pt. 2, P 634, . ‘ s Californicus (Conus), Hinds. Pro. Zoo. Soe. 55 1844, Canaliculatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch., ii, pl. 181 sabe 1749. = C. Malaccanus, Hwass. Cancellatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 500, Candidus (Conus), Born. Index Test. Mus. Ces. = C. marmoreus, Linn. Candidus (Conus), Kien. Cog. viv., p. 214, pl. xevii, f. 1. = C. Pealii, Green, ‘ . ; : : P ‘ Canonicus (Conus), Hiwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 749. = C. textile, Linn., var. . : : : F ; é Capitaneus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, figs. 1764, 1765. = C. rattus, Hwass. Capitaneus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm. Ed.), p. 3376. Capitaneus senex (Conus), Chem. Conch. Cab., xi, t. 183, f. 1786, 1787. = C. classiarius, Hwass. Carnalis (Conus), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1878, p. 796, pl. xlviii, f. 2, : : : ; : ; é Cardinalis (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 632, Carinatus (Conus), Swains. Zool. Ill., lst ser., pl. 112. = C. consors, Sowb. . ‘ : : F : : - Carmeli (Conus), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1876, ape kod, 3 : : 2 : , ‘ Carpenteri (Conus), Crosse. “J. de Conch., 1865, pl. 9, f. 1. = C. vitulinus, Hwass., var. . ‘ Castaneus (Conus), Kien. Coq. Viv., pl civ, f. 3, p. 209. = C. Archon., Brod., var. Cassis (Conus), Meusch. Crosse, ‘Rev. Zool. 205, 1858. = C. acuminatus, Hwass. 99 66 28 84 87 87 68 80 19 17 14 36 90 40 100 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Castrensis (Conus), Gould. Cover Bost. Four. Nat. Hist., iv, No. 1, Jan., 1842; Pro. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, p. 138, 1843. = C. thalassiarchus, Gray, : : Castus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 180, Catenatus (Conus), Sowb. Proe. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 796, fapl-exlyill, £ Bie s 5 Catus (Conus), ‘Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., 105 pt. 2, p. 707, Catus (Conus), Issel (non Brug.) Mal. Mar Rosso, p. 142. = Var. nigropunctatus, Sowb. Cecilei (Conus), Kien. Coq. Viv., pl. xeviii, f. 4, and pl, evii, f. 3. = C. lignarius, Reeve, var. : Cecilie (Conus), Chemn. Crosse, Jour. Conch., f. vii, pl. 14, f. 5, p. 381, 1859. == C. capitaneus, Linn. , var. : Cedo-nulli (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth. a t. 316, f. 1- 9. = C.nebulosus, Hwass. . Centurio (Conus), Born. Mus., pl. us f. 10, Cerinus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ie. ‘Suppl. pb. ii A 283, Cernicus (Conus),{H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869 rP- 272, ( pl. xix, f. 1. = Var. C. balteatus, Sowb. : Cervus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 510, Cervus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIl., f. 94. = Var. Cuvieri, Crosse. Ceylonensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 636, . : : Ceylonicus (Conus), Chemn. “Conch. x OR, ‘pl. 149 , f. 1318. = C. obesus, Hwass. Chaldzeus (Conus), Bolt. Mus. Sowb. Thes. Conch., Index. — C. vermiculatus, Lam. Characteristicus (Conus), Chemn. Conch.,xi, p. 54, se 182, f. 1V6O; 1G), ee. é Chelyconus, Murch. Yoldi Cat., 69, 1852. ‘ —§. G. Leptoconus, H. and A. Adams. Chemnitzii (Conus), Dill. Desc. Cat. — C. capitaneus, var. Linn. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 1858, 203. Chenui (Conus), Crosse. Rev. Zool., 120, 1858, Jour. Conch., vi, p. 381, pl. xi, f. 3, 4, 1858, Chessoideus (Conus), ), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin’s Mag., 203, 1s5s. = €; Mediterraneus, Hwass. Chytreus (Conus), Melvill, Cibieli (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 242, pl evil, i, f. 2, é Cidaris (Conus), Kien. Cog. viv., p. 57, pl. citi: 1 and la. — C. Magellanicus, Hwass., var. 5 Cinctus (Conus), Swaim Zool. Illust., i ser., is t. 110. — pulchellus, Swain. : : ; ; : 4 : Cinctus (Conus), Val. Humboldt, Recueil d’Orbs., ii, 337. Cinereus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 673. 30 66 63 63 51 41 28 33 70 21 87 23 13 50 17 46 27 49 94 58 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Cinereus (Conus), Poli. Test. Sicil., iii, t. 45, f. 7. — C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Cinereus (Conus), var. Sowb. III. Conch., f. 43. = C. nisus, Chemn. Cingulum (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3378. = C. quercinus, Brug. Cingulatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans. Vert., vii, p. 482, Cingulatus (Conus), Reeve. Icon., f. 158. = C. undatus, Kiener, : ; i ; , : Cingulatus (Conus), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 34, Conch. Ill., 108. = C. rhododendron, Couth. . ; Cirez (Conus), Chemn. Conch. ’Cab., Dae i 1778, 1779. = C. magus, Linn. . Circumcisus (Conus), Born. “Test, Mus. Oes., 163, 1780, Circumsignatus eeuae Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1865, p. Sail pl10,f.4, . ; Citrinus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3389. = C. lividus, Hwass, Citrinus (Conus), Kiener. Iconog., t. 78, ful = C. mustellinus, Hwass, . : ; : : Citrinus Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 248, pl. 59, f: 6, Clandestinus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, f. 1296. C. magus, Linn. : Clarus (Conus), Smith. Ann. Mag.,N. Ei 1881, Viii, 449 Classiarius (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, . HOSS : : : 5 : A 3 Classiarius (Conus), Kiener. " Ieonog., t. 63; f. 8. = C. capitaneus, Linn., var. -. : Clavus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm. ),P . 3390, 3 Clerii (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 175, Clodianus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin’s Mag., 203, 1858. — C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Cocceus (Conus), Kiener. Iconog., t. 107, f. 1. = C.nisus, Chemn., var. . Cocceus (Conus), Reeve. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 174, Coccineus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3390, : Celatus, A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 117, 1853, F Celebs (Conus), Hinds. Ann. Mag, N. H. , 1843, p. 256. = O. terebra. Born, Celine (Conus), Crosse. Obs. sur. 1. gen. Conus, 1, in Rev. weo., 1858, pl. 2, f..1, p. 117,.4 : Gierulescens (Conus), Sis ea Ganen Cab., XI, f. 1762-3. = C. Mediterr: aneus, Hwass, var. Ceerulescens (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., >a 501. = C. cinereus, Hwass. Coffea (Conus), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3388, Collisus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Te. Supp. 2, pl. viii, f. 273, 101 76 76 86 53 81 50 45 41 57 53 14 4] 4] 81 37 59 70 82 10 80 43 66 42 5 102 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Colubrinus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, DP. 517. = C. omaria, Hwass, var. : . 93 Colubrinus (Conus), Reeve. Icon., f, 123. = C. rubiginosus, Hwass. Columba (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 709. 62 Columba, var. c. (Conus), Lam. Ene. Meth., pl. 331, f. 3. = C. radiatus, Gmel., var. parius. Commodus (Conus), A. Ad. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117, 76 Complanatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl., 441, f. 650, 651. = C. textile, Linn., var. . 91 Compressus (Conus) "Sowb. Thes. Conch., Suppl., 404, f. 602-603. —C. anemone, Lam. 70 Comptus (Conus), Ad. Proc. Zool. Soe. , 1853, p. 119. : — C. castus, Reeve. Comptus (Conus), Gld. Mex. and Cal. Shells, 14, t. 14, f. 123. —C. purpurascens, Brod. : 65 Conarius, Dum. Zool. Anal., 166, 1806. — Conus, Linn. Concatenatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p- 362, pl. 110; f.-1, 598 Concolor (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Iil., f. 59, 40 Concinnulus (Conus), Crosse. Obs. sur le genre ‘Conus, 23, 85 Concinnus (Conus), Brod. Proce. Zool. Soe., 1833. = C. concinnulus, Crosse. Rev. Zool., 1858, p. 205. Concinnus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl., 438, f. 646. = C.sapphirostoma, Weink. . 62 Condensus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. Suppl, 411, f. 622. — C. textile, Linn., var. . oe Conella, Swainson, . 84 Connectens (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854 1D. 136. = C. pulchellus, Swains. . 49 Conoerbis, Swainson. ae 149, 312, 1840, 4 5 Consanguineus (Conus), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. “Soe., 1880, p. 478, pl. 48, f. 1, : : . 52 Consors (Conus), 8 ow. Conch. Ul. ,p.4 : 52 Conspersus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. erie Soe. , 1843, p. 180, 58 Consul (Conus), Boivin. Jour. de Conch., xii, 33, t. 1, f 5, 6,1864. —C. magus, Linn. . 53 Contusus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Te. Suppl., pl. ii, f. 216, 60 Conulus, Rafinesque. Anal. Nat., 145, 1815. = Conus, Linn. Conus, Linn. Syst. Nat., edit. x, 712, 1758, ‘ : creme Convolutus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch , 380, fig. 564, . 89 Cooki (Conus), Brazier. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1870, p. 109, . 84 Corallinus (Conus), Kien. ‘Coq. viv., p. 246, pl. bxxiii, f.. 2, 67 Corbula (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 365, fig. 573. — C. abbas, Linn., var. . « 92 Cordigera (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Sup, 437, ef 468, Ey ‘21. = C. nobilis, Linn. . - 80 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Coronatus (Conus), Dillw. Desc. Cat., i, 143. = C. miliaris, Hwass, - : é : : : : Ceronatus (Conus), Reeve. Icon. Suppl., t. 7, f. ci t. % 963a. =C. papalis, Weink. . ; Coronaxis, Swainson. Malacol., 147, 311, 1840, : Corrugatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe. “ 1870, p- 61, Blea, ft. 1, Cosmographia (Conus), Martin. Univ. Conch., iv, pl. 195. E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 506. — C. monachus, Linn. Costatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch., ii, t. 181, f. 1745 and 1747. = C. sulcatus, Hwass. Couderti (Conus), Bernardi.. Jour. Conch., t. 8, pl. 4, f. 314, 1860, : Coxeni (Conus), Brazier. Proc. Zool. “Soe., 1875, D: 34, pl ace Ui ae Crassus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 203, fs. 254, 255. — C. tessellatus, Born, var. Crebrisulcatus (Conus), ‘Sowb. Thes. Conch., 173, i. 321, Crenulatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 355, pl. Cixs ital: — C. armiger, Crosse, : Crepusculum (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843 :P. 178. = C, lividus, Hwass, var. Cretaceus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pl. xcix, f. 1. — (©. verrucosus, Hwass, . Creteus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin’s Mag., 208, 1858. ==/(0- Mediterraneus, Hwass. Crocatus (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, p. 503, Crosseanus (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., 1861, p. 168, pl. vi, f. 3 and 4. Jour. Conch., 336, 1874. Jour. Coach., 168, t. 3, f. 3, 1878. = C.marmoreus, Linn., var. . Crotchii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., vl. Vi, 1. 254, Cryptoconus, Koenen, 1867. = Conorbis, Swains. Cucullus, Bolt. Mus., 1798. — Conus, Linn. Cumingii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pl. viii, f. 277. = C. virgatus, Reeve, var. Cumingii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. fe: Supp. pl iii, 18 282. ?— C. vittatus, Lam. Cuneatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc. , 1873, pl. ‘15, f. 5, p. 146. = C. acuminatus, Hwass, var. Cuneiformis (Conus), Smith. Quart. Jour. Conch. oi p. 202, 1876, 5 : Cuneolus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1813, Dp: 173, Cuvieri (Conus), Crosse, Obs. sur le genre Cone, 12. = C.cervus, Lam., var. . Cyanostoma (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 116, Cylinder, Montfort, Conch. Syst. ii, 390, 1810, 104 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Cylindraceus (Conus), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., v, p. 51, t..40,1:5, —. 5 a a ‘ , Cylindrella, Swainson. Malacol., 311, 1840, Dactylosus (Conus), Kien. Cog. viv., pl. xevii, f. 2. = C. clavus, Linn., var. Dalli (Conus), ‘Stearns. Proc. Cal. Ac. N.S. Saas 78, pl. et als, Danielli (Conus), Crosse. Guerin’s Mag., 205, 1858. = C. pictus, Reeve Daphne (Conus), Boivin. Jour. de Conch. 1864, phi f. 7-8. — C. conspersus, Reeve, var. Daucus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. Daullei (Conus), Crosse. Rev. Zool. , 1858, pl. 2, f 2 p.ebl9: — C. consors, Sowb. Dealbatus (Conus), A. Ad. Proe. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117. — C. Californicus, Hinds, . Deburghiz (Conus), Sowb. ’ 'Thes. Conch., No. ", £06: 1. — C. nocturnus, Hwass, var. Decrepitus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 265, ; pl. xeix, f. 4, — C. cocceus, Reeve, Delessertianus (Conus), Recluz. Mag. ‘de Zool. ,1843 ipl 12, Dendroconus, Swainson. Malacol., AD 1840, Deshayesii (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 168. = C cervus, Lam., var. Desidiosus, (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119. —— mercator, Linn., var. Diadema (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 19. = C. brunneus, Gray, Dianthus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., ‘1882 2. p. 118, pl v, 1.4. Dapeoues. Philippi. a “Mitride, Manual, iv, ,p: 109. Dilectus (Conus), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H:, 172; Moll. Wilkes Exped., 287, f. 367, : Dilwynii (Conus), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 1843. — C. Erythreensis, Beck. Discrepans (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIl., fig. 28. = C. rhododendron, Couth. : ; Dispar (Conus), ‘Sowb. Conch. TS, fs BT. — C. regularis, Sowb. Distans (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers. i pt. 2, p. 634, Dolium (Conus), Boivin. Jour. de Conch., 1864, 36, Be is f. 3-4. = C. spectrum, Linn., var. D’Orbignyi i (Conus), Audouin, Duplicatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Index. = C. Australis, Chemn. INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Dupontii (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pl. Ixi, f. 2. = C. Africanus, Kiener, var. Du Saveli (Conus), H. Ad. Proe. Zool. Soc., 1872, pl. 3, f. 17, p. 12. == C.cireumcisus, Born, var. Duvali (Conus), Born. Jour. de Conch. , 1862 pl. 13; f. 3)4 p 404. —=C. pygmeus, Reeve, Dux (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i ph 2 2, P 732. = C. circumcisus, Born, 3 Eburneus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers.,i, pl. 2, p. 640, Kehinulatus (Conus), Kien. Cog. viv., pl. ev, f. 2. = C. verrucosus, Hwass, ‘ : “ ; Edentulus (Conus), Reeve. = Dibaphus Philippii. Crosse, vol. iv, p. 109. Elise (Conus), Kiener. Ic. Coq. viv., pl. 44, f. 1-la, Elise (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 330d. = C. pennaceus, Born. Elongatus (Conus),Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, t. 144, fig. a, f. J.K Elongatus (Conus), Reeve. y Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 170. = C. oblitus, Reeve, ; 4 : i : ‘ Elventinus (Conus), Ducl. Mag. de Zool., 1833, pl. 19. ? = C. verrucosus, Hwass, Emaciatus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Te. Suppl., pl. Wie f. 248, Emarginatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, Encaustus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 54, pl. xiv, f. 2, Epaphus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin’s Mag., 203, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Epaticus (Conus), Renier. Crosse, Guerin’s Mag., 203, 1858. = OC. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Episcopus (Conus), Hwass. Encye. Meth., 748. = C. omaria, Hwass, Epistomioides (Conus), Weink. Chemn,, Ed. Nouv. ; pl BT, f. 6,7. == C. magus, Linn., var. Epistomium (Conus), Meusch. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. vexillum, Gmel. Epistomium (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 174. = C. magus, Linn., var. Eques (Conus), Brug. Dict., 97. = = 6. catus, Hwass, Ermineus (Conus), Born. Index Mus. Ces. = C. lithoglyphus, Meusch. Erosus (Conus), Renier. Crosse, Guerin’s Mag., 203, 1858. — C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Erythreensis (Conus), Beck. Lam., Edit. ii, xi, 141, Eudoxus (Conus), Melvill. —C. marchionatus, Hinds, var. Euetrios puna). Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., tidy p- 120, ee w10G. -—— ©, textile, var., Linn. 93 54 53 63 62 10 90 106 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. ie (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 117, ploy; ft 2, : : : ; : { : Exaratus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 171, Excavatus (Conus),Sowb. Thes. Conch. Suppl. ne £ G16. = C. coffea, Gm. Exiguus (Conus), Lam. Ann. Mus., No. 43. ? — C. varius, L., young. Eximius (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ie. ore = vi, f. 256. = C. fulgurans, Hwass (juv.), . Fabula (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIL., f. 5. = C.scabriusculus, Chemn. . Fasciatus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p- 119. = C. bifasciatus, Sow. ; : Fasciatus (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., P. 311, pl. cix, £9 = C. lignarius, var. . : : : : : : : Fasciatus (Conus), Mart. Sowb., Thes. Conch.,t. 20, f. 487— 489. = OC. ochroleucus, Gmelin. Fenellus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, f. 1782, 1783. =C. magus, Linn. . ’ Fenestrata (Oliva), Martyn. Univ, once = C. (Conus) tendineus, Hwass. Fergusoni (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1875, pl. 15, f. | ol 35 Se i Ferrugatus (Conus), Sowb. Prov. Zool. Soc., 19, 1834. =i cingulatus, var., Lam. Ferrugineus (Conus), var., Brug. Reeve, Icon. = C. planorbis, Born. Festivus (Conus), Chemn. xi, f. 1770, 1771. = C. pertusus, Hwass, . : : ; : : Figulinus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm.), p. 3384, : Filamentosus (Conus), Reeve. Conch., Ic. at vi, Suppl, fe 260, . ; Flammeus (Conus), Lam. Edit. Desh., x1; 76, Flavescens (Conus), Gray. Sowb., Couch: Ill, f. 68, Flavidus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert. , Vii, p. 468, Floccatus (Conus), var. Kiener, t. 106, f. 3. = C, Julii, Liénard. Floccatus (Conus), sowb, Conch. [lly f. 112) 122 Floridanus (Conus), Gabb. A. J. C. , vol. iv, plea, pl. 15, f. 4, 1868, . : Floridensis’ (Conus), Sowb. Proe. Zool. Soe. - 1870, pl 22, f.11. =C. Floridanus, Gabb, Floridulus (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Moll. Voy. Sam., P 18, pl. 5,f.9. ==. voluminalis, Hinds, var. : Floridus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. pu 345, x == C.tulipa, Linn. . , : 46 14 42 32 80 32 51 53 15 54 16 82 12 36 44 86 38 38 35 88 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 107 Fluctifer (Conus), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 1, 382. = C. Prometheus, Hwass. Fortis (Conus), Renier. Crosse, Guerin’s Mag., 204, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Franciscanus (Monachus), Chemn. Conch., ii, pl. 142, f. 1319, 1820. == Conus cinereus, Hwass. Franciscanus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 698. —C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, . 66 Frauenfeldi (Conus), Crosse. Jour.de Conch. , 1865, pl. 10, f.1, la. = C. magus, Linn., var. . 53 Frigidus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ie. i, Supp., ait ili, f. 284, 14 Fucatus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pl. vii, rie att, — 69 Fulgetrum (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIL., fig. 32, Proe. Zool. Soc., 1841. = C. miliaris, Hwass, . 22 Fulgurans (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., pte 2, p. SSi,-<. . 32 Fulmen (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe., ‘1843, ‘ . 65 Fumigatus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers, i pls-2; ps 704. — C. coffea, Gmel. Fulmineus (Conus), Gmel. -Syst. Nat., 3388. ? — C. fulgurans, Hwass. Fulvocinctus (Conus), Crosse. Jour. Conch., 1872, p. 214; FSi, p. 248, pli xipt. 5, .. : : : : 5 . 52 Furvus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. = ©. lignarius, var. . - ae Fuscatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans s Vert., vii, 446. = C. imperialis, Linn., var. by] Fusiformis (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., ‘Edit. Desh. xi was 93 Fusiformis (Conus), Pease. "Proc. Zool, Soe., 1860, p- 398. =U: parvus, Pease.: A. J. C., iv, p. 126; 1868, 85 Fustigatus (Conus), Hwass. Eneye, Meth,, t. 320, f. 1. = (, pulicarius, Hwass, . : es) Fusus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3390. = (. granulatus, Linn. . : : ; 2) 82 Gabrieli (Conus), Kien. Cog. viv., p. 315, pl. Ixxiv, f. 4. = C. cinereus, Hwass, : : : : : ; ‘a8 Geminus (Conus), Bolt. Mus. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. teniatus, Hwass. Gemmulatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe. Fel p. 257, pl. xxii, f. 8. = C. Orbignyi, Aud. : 5 Generalis (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1166, ; 2 Aes! Genuanus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (ainelite, Prsosl,, 220s Geographus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit. xii, 1172, . 88 Geographus, var. (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Ill., f. 26. = C. violaceus, Reeve. 108 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Gilvus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pl. vi, f. 255. = C. caffer, Krauss, Gladiator (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1833, : Glans (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 725, Glaucus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmel. Ed.), p. 3382, Gloria-maris (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 752, t. 347, f. 1. Gloynei (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1881, e pai pl. vist. 5, ‘ Gosavia, Stoliczka. Sitz. Wien. Ac. , lii, 1865. — Volutide, Manual, iv, 78. Gracilis (Conus), Mawe. Sowb., Thes. Conch. Index. — C. Timorensis, Hwass, . Gracilis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Index. = C. australis, Chemn. Gracilis (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1875, p. 125, pl. xxiv, f.6. — C. aculeiformis, Reeve. Gradatulus (Conus), Weinkauff. Kuster, 356, t. 66,f.5, 38, Gradatus (Conus), Gray. MSS., Brit. Mus., Sowb., Thes. Index. —C. scalars, Val: Granarius (Conus), Kien. Cogq., viv., p. 215, Ee xeviii, f. 1. 5 94 = (. archon; Brod., var. . 27 Grandis (Conus), Sowb. Index, Thes. ‘Conch. = C. spurius, Gm. Granifer (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pl. vii, f. 272, 74 Granulatus (Conus, Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit. xii, 1270, 81 Granulosus (Conus), Bolt. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. varius, Linn. Grayi (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179, 84 Griseus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. i14, pl. Lxiii, f. 2. = C. ambiguus, Reeve, . ; : 3 : : seals Grossi (Conus), Marav. Atti della Soc. Ital. des Se. Nat. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Gruneri (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843 rP. 175: = C. literatus, Linn. . 10 Gubbez (Conus), Kien. Coq. Viv. pl. civ, f. iL, — C. radiatus, Gmel., var. : é 0160 Gubernator (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 727, pl. 340, f. 4-6, . : F : , é ‘ . 86 Guestieri (Conus), Lorois. Jour. Conch., 1860, t. viii, pl. 12, 1. De Pp. D209, : ; ; ‘ : ‘ . 35 Guinaicus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers.,1, pt. 2,p.697, 65 Guttatus (Conus), Kien’ Coq. viv., p. 259, pl. ev, f. 4. — C. Africanus, Kiener, we Livan es 84 Hamilli (Conus), Crosse. Guerin’s Mag. Zool., 205, 1858. INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Hanleyi (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 160, figs. 399, 400. = C. puncticulatus, Hwass, . ‘ : Hebreeus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Ea. x, p. 715, : Henoquei (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., 1860, viii, Oe 13, f. 4, p. 380. ?— C. vittatus,.var., Orion, 3 Hepaticus (Conus), Kien. Ie. Coq. viv. sole 91, f. 3, Herillus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin’s Mag., 204, 1858. — C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Hermes, Montfort.. Conch. Syst., ii, 398, 1810. = Genus of Conidz, H. and A. Adams, . : Fea Oe Hieroglyphicus (Conus), Ducl. Mag. de Zool., 18338, pl. 23, Hieroglyphicus, var. (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pl. 103, f.3. —C. lugubris, Reeve. Hwassii (Conus), A. Ad. Proce. Zool. Soe. eae p- 118: ==(C. varius, Linn. . Hyena (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i, pt 2, P 656, pl32i,f.5and 7, . Hyena (Conus), Reeve. Icon. shppls O15. Hyena (Conus), Beer (not Hwass), “Conch. Teon., i 133: = C. punctatus, Chemn. Hybridus (Conus), Kien. Cog. viv., p. 256, ee ket, fl =C. Mediterraneus, Hwass,_ . : : Ignobilis (Conus), Oliv. Zool. Adriat., 133. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Imperialis (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm)., p. 3374, Ineequalis (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., vii, f. 270. = C. corallinus, Kien., var. , Incarnatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p- 174. = C. coffea, Gm. ‘ E Incurvus (Conus), Kien. Iconog., t. 97, fA. = C. regularis, Brod. : Indicus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., aK f. 1295. = C. magus, Linn. ‘ Induratus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Te. Suppl. pl. Vii, f. 268. — C. Erythreensis, Beck, : Inflatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pl. 1, f. 3: = C. Lamarcki, Kien. : Inflatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIl. , fig. £1 = C. conspersus, Reeve. Sowb., ’ Thes., f. 463, 464, Picrints (Conus , Dillw. Desc. Cat., 1 £51 ? — C. simplex, Sowb. : : 3 F i : : Informis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., pt. ii, p. 699. Unidentified. Informis (Conus), Reeve (not Hwass). Conch. Icon., f. 24. = C. simplex, Sowb. 66 110 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Infrenatus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Suppl., pl. iii, f. 285. Innexus (Conus), A. Ad. Proce. Zool. Soe., 1853, »P. 118. = C. consors, Sowb. Inquinatus, Reeve. Conch. Ie. Suppl., Vath ‘51. = C. pertusus, Hwass, Inseriptus (Conus), Reeve. Proe. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 171, Insculptus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Cog. viv., pl. SiS = C. aculeiformis, Reeve, ; Insignis (Conus), Sowb. Conch. gv f. i. = C. acuminatus, Hwass. i . Insularis (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3389, Intermedius (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 169. = C. geographus, Linn., var. Mappa, : Interruptus (Conus), Brod. "and Sowb. Zoo. Jour. yi P 379, Interruptus (Conus). Mawe. Conch., 1828, = .C. varius, Linn. . 5 Wicaaive : Todostoma (Conus), Reeve. “Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 170, Irregularis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 418, 419. = C. olivaceus, Kien,, var. Istriensis (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, ‘Guerin’s Mag., 204, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Jamaicensis (Conus), Hwass. Encye. Meth., t. 348, f. 7. ? —var. C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, Janus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i ‘pt. 2, iD: 670, pl 336, f. 5, 6, : Japonicus (Conus), Brug. Encye. Meth. wit 330, f. 3. = C. Largillierti, Kiener. Saaivis (Conus), Brug. Sowb., Thes. Conch., 110. = C. Largillierti, Kiener, Jaspideus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv. , pl. 55, fs 2. = C. pictus, Reeve, Jaspideus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3387, Jaspis (Conus), Salis. Reise, 363. — C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Jickelii (Conus), Weink. Kuster, 206, t. 32, f. 11, 12, : Jukesii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic.,i, Suppl., pl. ii, fig. 278. = (©. anemone, Lam. Julii ae Lienard. Jour. de Conch. 1870p. 304; ‘1871, pl. 1 Keatii (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 298, fig. 479. == C. inscriptus, Reeve, . ’ . ; : Kieneri (Conus), Crosse. Guerin’s Mag., 204, 1858. = C. cocceus, Reeve. Kieneri (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pl. ix, Sup., f. 282, 56 52 o4 61 15 31 93 88 63 25 60 56 66 61 36 68 93 61 70 87 61 rai INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Kobelti (Conus) Lobbecke. Jahr. Deutsch. Mal. Gesell., ix, p. 189, t. 4, f. 4, 5, 1882, Lachrymosus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., vi, f. 258, Lacinulatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 312, pl. eviii, f. 2. = C. lithoglyphus, Meusch. . Lacteus (Conus), Lamk. An. sans Vert., vii, 481. = C. spectrum, Linn., var. Lacteus (Conus), Lam. ’ Sowb., Thes. Conch, f. 473. = C. radiatus, Gmel. Lacteus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. = C. spectrum, Linn. : : Leetus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3391. = C. granulatus, Linn. Levigatus (Conus), pars., Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 207. =i sea Tpe Gmel. : Levigatus (Conus), Sowb. hes. “‘Conch., 149, 150. = 0. nemocanus, Hwass, , Levis (Conus), Crosse. Guerin’s Mag. Zool. , 205, 1858. For C. levigatus, Sowb., not Defrance (fossil). Levis (Conus), Mart. Conch. Cab., ii, t. 52, f. 572. = C. tendineus, Hwass. Lamarckii (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 240, pl. Ixxxiii. f. 4, Lamberti (Conus), Sowb. Jour. de Conch., LSU ps 1; pl ec. duand pl. ii; f.°T,—: : Lamellosus (Conus), Brug. Dict., No. 36, Lapidus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab. = Conus zonatus, Hwass. Largilliertii (Conus), Kien. Icon. Coq, viv., pl. 98, f. 3, Laterculatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 255, pl. xxii, f. 3. —C. australis, Chemn. Latifasciatus ( (Conus), Sowb. ‘Thes. Conch., 304, fig. 485. = C. Kieneri, Reeve, Lautus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p 179, Legatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert. , Vii, p- 538, = C. canonicus, Hwass, var. Lemniscatus ( Conus), Reeve. Conch. Te. Suppl., pl. Vv; f. 246, Lentiginosus (Conus), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 1843. = C. emarginatus, Reeve, var. Leoninus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 683, pl. 334, f. 5,6. — OC. Proteus, Hwass, . Leoninus minutus (Conus), Chemn. Weinkauf, Cat. No. 212. = C. Erythreensis, Beck. Leopardus (Conus), Dillw. Desc. Cat., i, 364. = C. Sumatrensis, Hwass. Leopardus (Conus), Meusch. Sowb., Thes. Conch. Index, . 11a 8) 52 69 49 dT 39 39 56 28 93 36 73 71 68 90 36 37 12 93 112 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Leo scandens (Conus), Chemn. Conch., x, pl. 140, f. 1300. ? — C. inscriptus, Reeve. Leptoconus, Swainson. Malacol, 312, 1840. — Genus of Conide, H. and A. Adams, : : . 25, 29 Leucostictus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3388, . 25 Leucostictus (Conus), Gmelin. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 206, 1858. = C.nebulosus, Sol... 28 Lictor (Conus), Boivin. Jour. de Conch., 1864, 36, “pl. : figs. 1 and 2. = C. spectrum, Linn., var. 5 Lienardi (Conuay , Crosse and Berdardi. Jour. Conch., p49 plist sols. : : nk) Lignarius (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, : 57 Lineatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, pl. 138, fi 1285, 50 Lineolatus (Conus), Valen. Voy. Humboldt, Zool., 337. — C. princeps, Linn. : - . : : ‘ Bee) Liratus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 181. = C. plumbeus, Reeve, . 26 Lischkeanus (Conus ),Weink. Chemn. Ed. Nouv. pl. 36, £ 2.3, 41 Listeri (Conus), Renier. Crosse, Guerin’s Mag., 204, 1858. — ©. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Literatus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm.), p. 3375, . svalO Lithoconus, Mérch. Yoldi, Cat., 66, 18538, : 10, 438 Lithoglyphus (Conus), Meuschen. Enc. Meth. ver. n) A yDS 2s p. 692, . 48 Lividus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 60, t. 183, t ‘1116, 1777. == C. cinereus, Hwass. Lividus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p.630,. 45 Lividus (Conus), var. Sowb. Reeve, Icon., sp. 286. — C. mus, Hwass, var. roseus. Lizardensis (Conus), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1865, ply9; f. 5. = OC. Borneensis, Ad. and Reeve, . ks Loebbeckeanus (Conus), Weink. Chemn. Kd. Nouv. i pl. 36, f 3049 sO Chenu, Crosse, . 50 Lombei (Conus), Sowb. Proc. "Zool. Soc., 1881, Sy 637, pl. vipat. A 44 Longurionis (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., p- 308, pl. xcii, f. 6. — ©. aculeiformis, Reeve, . , ; : - . tires Lorenzianus (Conus), Chemnitz. Conch. Cab., f. 1754, 1755; Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f. 430, 35 Lorenzianus (Conus), Chemn. ’ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f. 217. = C. flammeus, Lam. : soe 94 Lorenzianus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Tcon., f. 159. — C. virgatus, Reeve, : : . ; - : me hod Loroisi (Conus), Kien. Cog. viv., p. 91, pl. Ixv, f. 1. — C. figulinus, Linn., var. 16 Levent (Conus), Krauss. Sagara Moll. 1. 131, st vi, f.25. =—C. Lamarcki, Kaen: 56 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Lubeckianus (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch.,t. ix, p. 169. == C. Magellanicus, Hwass, var. ; : 5 : ‘ Lucidus (Conus), Mawe. Conch., 90, Luctiferus (Conus), Reeve. Weinkauff, Cat. No. 88. = C. luctificus, Reeve, : Luctificus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. lee il Supp., pl. ae f. 280, Lugubris (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Supp., pl. ix, f. 279, Luridus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p- 118. == (C. olivaceus, Kiener, . ; Luteus (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, Luteus (Conus), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., t. "53, f. 23, 24, Luzonicus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Il. fig. 91. = C. purpurascens, Brod. . : ; : : : : Lynceus (Conus), Solander. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 469. = C. nisus, Chemn. Macare (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., t. vi, pl. ii, f. 2, p. 56, 1857, ‘ : ; : : ; ; i ; Macei (Conus), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1865, pl. 10, f. 5, Macleayanus (Conus), F. Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. asm. 1876, p. 1384. —C.rutilus, Menke, . Maculatus (Conus), Sowb. Weinkautff, Cat. No. 245. = C. anemone, Lam. : Maculiferus (Conus), Sowb. " Conch. Ill, f. 23, Maculosus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Ill., f 3 = C. anemone, Lam. Madagascariensis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. ne 582, No. 371. = C. textile, Linn., var. Madurensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2 2, P OOS: Magdalene (Conus), Kiener. Coa. viv. 293, t. 169, f. 4, = C. floccatus, Sowb. : Magellanicus (Conus), Hwass. Brug., Enc. Meth., Conus, No. 31, pl. 322, 1. 3; °. : Magnificus (Conus), Reeve. "Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. = C. omaria, Hwass. Magus (Conus), Linn. Syst. ‘Nat., p. 1171, Mahogani (Conus), Reeve. Proc. TE Soc. 1843, p- 169. = C. interruptus, Brod. Malaccanus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i pt. 2, p. 645, pl. 325, ; F : ; : s j : Maldivus ( (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 644, Maltzanianus (Conus), Weink. Chemn., Ed. Nouv., pl. 32, f. 3-6. —C. flavidus, Lam. . . : Mamillaris ( (Conus), Green. Trans. Albany Inst., i, p. 123, 2 as ae ria : areas 8 21 114 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Mappa (Conus), Crosse. Guerin’s Mag. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. geographus, Linn., var. . : : : ‘. é Marchionatus (Conus), Hinds. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1848, p. 256, Marmorata (Papyrus), Chemn. Reeve, Icon. Conus, f. 58. — Conus varius, Linn. Marmoreus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmelin), 3374, Martinianus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, No. 217. = C. radiatus, Gm.~ . , 5 : : : Masoni (Conus), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. (N.S8.), xliii, pt. 2, p. 22, 1874. (= C. characteristicus, Chemn. Mauritianus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. af pl. 330, f. 9. — C. puncticulatus, Hwass. Mauritianus (Conus), Lam. Kiener, Iconog., t. 69, f. 2. ?— C. puncticulatus, Hwass. Maurus ends), Gray. App. King’s Australia, 486, 1827, Mazei (Conus), Desh, Jour: Conch., 1874, p. 54, pl. 1, f. 1, Mediterraneus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. eee VE phoas De cOme Melvilli (Conus), Sowb. Proe. Zool. Soc., 1878, p- 195, pl xlvyiii, f. 1, Melancholicus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert., Vil, p. 513, Memnonitarum coronatus (Conus) Chemn. Conch. Cab. = (. distans, Hwass. . Mercator (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit. xii, 1169, Mesokatharos, Melvill. = C. arenatus, var. Metcalfei (Conus), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1877, p. 113, plysey hy tw te ae Angasi, Tryon, Metcalfei (Conus), Reeve. Proce. Zool. Soe., 1848, p. 171. — C. magus, Linn., var. Mighelsi (Conus), Kien. Icon. Coq. viv, pl cili, an és — C. musicus, Hwass, - . Miles (Conus), Linn. Sy st. Nat., 'p. 1167, : : : Miliaris (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers. 1.1) 6 e2.0p. 6295 Millepunctatus (Conus), Chemn. Crosse, Mag. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. puncticulatus, Hwass. Millepunctatus (Conus), Lam. An.s. Vert., vii, p. 461. = C. literatus, Linn., var. ; : : ; : : Mindanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. ii, p. 711. — C. verrucosus, Hwass, Minimus (Conus , Auct. not Linnea C. miliaris, Hwass, , Minimus (Conus), Gm. (non Linn.). Syst. Nat., p. 3382. — C. achatinus, Chemn. Minutus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179, . Mirmillo (Conus), Crosse: Jour. de Conch., 1865, pl. 9, f. 2. — C. flavidus, Lam. . Miser (Conus), Boivin. Jour. de Conch., axa 39, t. ip ie 1864, INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 115 Mitratus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i, pt. ii, p. 632, 83 Modestus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIl., f. 19. = C. fulmen, Reeve, . 65 Molluccensis (Conus), Chemn. Conch. te sis “ph 183, f. 1780, Piel... : 26 Monachus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat , Lie pe 1168, : 64 Monile (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p- 646, . 34 Monilifer (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zeol. Soc., 53, 1833. == C. interruptus, Brod. . : : ‘ : : . 63 Monstrosus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., 1290, 1291. = C. araneosus, Hwass, Monstr. Moreleti (Conus), Crosse. Rev. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. oblitus, Reeve, . : ; ; 5 : : . 46 Moussoni (Conus), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., xiii, 1865, p. Don pla xe, fs. |: : : : ; ; . 46 Mozambicus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i, Ey 2, p- 696. = C elongata, Chemn. . 68 Mucronatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p 172, 72 Multicatenatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1865, p- 519, pl. xxxii, f. 10,11. = C. aplustre, Reeve, : 68 Multilineatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, P. 126, [GLse>- 359 :Pr Cx, 3. ——= 0. Taslei, Kien Olivaceus (Conus), Salis. Reise, 363. — C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Oltmansianus (Conus), Van Lennep. ‘Cat. Conus, 1876. = C. gradatulus, Weinkauff. Omaicus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 714, pl. 339, f. 3, : : : : 3 : 3 ; Omaria (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 743, Optabilis (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 116, Orbignyi (Conus), Audouin. Mag. de Zool., Moll., pl. 20, 1830, Ue Orbitatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1 1848, pe 170. = C. mucronatus, Reeve, var. . : Orion (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833. = C. vittatus, Lam., var. Orleanus (Conus), Bolt. Mus. = C. ttiheele phi Meusceh. Pagodus (Conus), Chemn. Lecons Elem., pl. 12, f. 2. = C. cancellatus, Lam. Pallens (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin’s Mag., 204, 1858. — OC. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Panniculus (Conus), Lam. An.s. Vert., vil, yP. 521. = C. abbas, Hwass, . Papalis (Conus), Weink. Cat. No. 280, : 5 Papilionaceus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., 1, pt. 2, p. 665. = C. Proteus, Hwass, var. . : Papillaris (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. of Samarang., Moll., p. 17, pl. v., f. 7 a8, : ; Papillosus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pl. 72, fil = C. puncticulatus, Hwass, . Parius (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, P 115. = C. radiatus, Gmel., var. Parvus (Conus), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch. , iv, P 126, 1868. — C. atramentosus, Reeve, Pastinaca (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., pl. 26, £9 (non (Lam.’. — C. daucus, Hwass, Pastinaca (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 469; E. A. Smith, Zool. Proc:, 731, 1878. ? = C. virgo. Linn. 3 EV 12 60 48 55 118 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Patricius (Conus), Hinds. Ann. ee 'N. H., 1843, p. 256. = C. pyriformis, Reeve, . Pauline (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 314 pl. eviii, f. 3. — C. characteristicus, Chemn. . Pauluccize (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1876, p, 752, ploixxy, f. 3 ; Pauperculus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Te f thse Pazii (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch. ti vi, ‘vl. i f, 1-2 p. 385. =C. classiarius, Hwass, var. . Pealii (Conus), Green. Trans. Alb. Inst.,i, p. 193, ple 3, fc 3, Peasei (Conus), Brazier. ."Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. earls ‘988. C. flavidus, Lam., var. .. Pelagicus (Conus), Brocehi. Conch. foss., ii, 289, t. 2, f. 9. — C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Pellis-hyzena (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, p. 49, pl. 181, f. 1750, 1751. — C. mutabilis, Chemn. Pellis-hyzena (Conus), Reeve (not Chemnitz). Icon. Sp., 133. = C. punctatus, Chemn. Pennaceus (Conus), Born. Test. Mus. Cees., t. 7, f. 14, Peplum (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, t.144c. = C. araneosus, Hwass, . Perplexus (Conus), Sowb. 'Thes. Conch., 157, figs. 324, 325. = C. puncticulatus, Hwass, Pertusus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers. aa pt. 9) p. 686, pl. 336, f. 2. Petraeus (Ammiralis), Chemn. Conch., x, pl. 140, f. 1298. — Conus lithoglyphus, Meuschen. Phasmoconus, Moreh. Yoldi Cat., 70, tee conus, Morch, : Phegeus (Conus), Chiereg. ie Gace Mag., 204, 882010. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Philippi (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 213, pl. xeviii, f. 2 — C. tornatus, Brod. : Philippii (Dibaphus », Crosse. Rev. Zool., 1858, pl. 3, f. i) = Mitride, vol. iv. Pica (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Mol. Voy. Sam., p. 18, EF 5, f. 10. = C. spectrum, Linn. : Pictus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1853, p. 169, Pigmentatus (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Moll. Voy. Samar., p- 18, pl.b, f. 1 ==. balteatus, Sow. Pionoconus, Mirch. H. and A. Adams, Genera. = — Chelyconus, Morch, Piperatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 175. = C. Erythreensis, Beck. Planaxis (Conus), Desh. Moll. Ile Reunion, »P. 134, pl xiii, ie ta Was - 1, 13 89 68 42 36 44 93 63 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Planicostatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIl., 1840. = C. Orbignyi, Aud. Planiliratus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe. | 1870, p, 255, 0 ye gel : Planorbis (Conus), Born. Test. Mus. Crs., 't. ifr f 13, Plumbeus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. bi 1843, p. 178, Politus (Conus), Bolten. Weinkauff, Conch. Cab., t. 64, f. 2,3. = C. cinereus, Hwass, var. 2 Polyglotta (Conus), A. Ad. (ubi?). Weinkauff, Cat. 13. — C. eburneus, Hwass,_ . Polyzonias (Conus), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3392. — C. planorbis, Born. Ponderosus (Conus), Beck. Sowb., Thes. Index. — C. quercinus, Hwass, ; ‘ ‘ : ; ; Pontificalis (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 459, 24 Portoricanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, Be 2, p. 714. = C. testudinarius, Mart. Precellens (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1853, p. 119. = C. cancellatus, Lam. ; Prefectus (Conus), Hwass. Encye. Meth., 752. — C. ochroleucus, Gmelin. Prefectus (Vigiliarum), Mart. Conch., ii, pl. 59, f. 655. = Conus centurio, Born. Prelatus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 746. = C. omaria, Hwass, : : ‘ ; : : : Prztextus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic.,i, Suppl., pl. ii, f. 277. = C. encaustus, Kien. ; ; : : ; F Pretiosus (Conus), G. aad H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. GUS.) x. 138, f. 1976. = C. princeps, Linn. Regularis (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Ill., sip 45, : Reticulatus (Conus), Martini. T. 56, f. 619, 620. = C. mercator, Linn. Reticulatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIL, f. 86. = C. lucidus, Mawe. Retifer (Conus), Menke. Vezeichniss, 1443, Rhizoconus, Mérch. Yoldi Cat., 68, 1852. ==noma be Leptoconus, H. and A. Adams, Rhododendron (Conus), Couth. Jay, Cat. Shells, 3d EA, ian, t. 2, 53,1839, : : Rhombus, Montf. Conch. Syst., ii, 402, 1810. = Conus, Linn. ; : : Rivularis (Conus), Reeve. Conch. te; Sup., pl. vi, f. 261. = C. beticus, Reeve, var. 39, Robillardi (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., t. vii, p. 182, pl. 7. = C. vexillum, Gmel. Rollandi (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., t. viii, p. 332, pl. 12, f..4, 1860. == C. magus, Linn., var. Rollus, Montfort. Conch. Syst., iii, 395, 1810. = Nubecula, Klein. Rosaceus (Conus), Chemn. xi, p. 52,t. 181, f. 1756, 1757, Roseus (Conus), Kien. (not Lam.). Ic. Coq. viv., pl. 107, f.4. — C. Kieneri, Reeve, 56 (al 122 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Roseus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 458. == C. mus, Hwass,var. . : : é : ‘ . Roseo-tinctus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. Suppl., 405, f. 604. — OC. rosaceus, Chemn. ‘ : : Rossiteri (Conus), Brazier. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 109, Rubescens (Conus), Bonnet. Rev. Zool., 1864, p- 282, pl. 22), 1.16, == Vian: C. cannonicus, Hwass, ‘ : - Rubiginosus ( (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. , 144. = C. omaria, Hwass, Rudis (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 90, t. 144, : Ruppellii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Tes i, Suppl, plein. 273. = C. classiarius, Hwass,juv. . é Rusticus (Conus), part. Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 3383. = C. cinereus, Fiaiaa. Rusticus (Conus), Poli. Test. Sicil., iii, 8, t. 45, f. 3-6. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Rutilus (Conus), Menke. Moll. Nov. Holl., p. 27, No. 133, Sagittatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, P. 518, pl. xxxii, f. 8,9. = C. lemniscatus, Reeve, : Sanguineus (Conus), | Kien. Coq. viv., p. 356, plexi, f. 2. = (. Archon, Brod. ‘ Sanguinolentus (Conus), Quoy. Voy. “Astrol., iii, 90, t. 20, f.18;t.21,f.4. = C. lividus, Hwass, penile Conus), Reeve. Conch. ie? Sup., pl viii, f. 274. — C. virgatus, Reeve, var. Sapphirostoma (Conus), Weinkauff. Cat. No. 207. = C. Erythreensis, Beck, : Scaber (Conus), Kiener. Coa. Viv., p- 351, pl. c, f. Is “== C. miliaris, Hwass, : Scabriusculus (Conus), Chemn “Conch., xi, t. ‘elxxxii, 6 1768-9, : : ' P : : Scalaris (Conus), Valence. Humb et Bonpl. Reise, 338, Scalaris (Conus), Val. Kiener, Iconog. atus, Brod. ; . ; Soaiptus (Conus), Reeve. Proe., "Zool. Soc., 18438, p. 172, Scheck (Conus), Jickeli. Jahrb. Mal. Gesell., "ti, 46, : Seitulus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. pe pl ix, f. 283, = C. pictus, Reeve, . Scriptus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. , 851, fig. 563. = C. textile, Linn. . : Secutor (Conus), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1865, 303, ‘pl. oF f. 33. — C. eaffer, Krauss, ; Selectus (Conus), A. "Ad. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1855, abe 121, Semistriatus (Conus), Sowb. Weink. Cat. No. 60. = C. semisulcatus, Sowb. 68 38 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Nermenlesins (Conus), Sowb. Be. Zool. Soc., 1870, P. 257, peewee 13, Semivelatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882 2. p. 118, pl. v; f.'3;, i : Senator (Conus), Kien., ‘Reeve, ete. not Linn, = C. planorbis, Born, ‘ i : Senator Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1168. Undetermined. Seychellensis (Conus), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soe. Beng. (n. s.), xliii, pt. 2, p. 22. 1874, . ‘ ‘ : Siamensis (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers., 1, pt. 2 r. 662, — C. Proteus, Hwass, var. Sieboldii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Te: Suppl., i f. 269, 1848, Signifer (Conus), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1865, 308, pl 10, f. 6. — C. rosaceus, Chemn. METS lacs Simplex (Conus), Sowb. ° Thes. Conch. , Sp. 269, f. 199, Sindon (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1843, p: 175, Sinensis (Conus), Kiener. Iconog., 143, t. el ft = C. cingulatus, Lam. Sinensis (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3394, . Sinensis (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIl., f. 56. = C. Sowerbyi, Reeve, . : ‘ . s : : Smithi (Conus), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soe. ss 36, pl. v, f. 8; Solandri (Conus), Brod. ‘and Sowb. Zool. Jour., V, Pp. ‘60, t. JQ pied. C.coccineus,, Gm: Solidus (Conus), Chemn. Sowb., Thes. Conch. Indes, = C. nebulosus, Sol. . Z Solidus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIL. ays ee — C. retifer, Menke. Sophie (Conus), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W., vol. 1, p. 7, Sowerbyi (Conus), ieene! Gone Icon., if Ta, Seen! — C. undatus, Kien. , Speciosus (Conus), Sowb, Thes. ‘Conch., 51, fig. 138, Speciosissimus (Conus), Reeve. Conch, Te. Beh, Suppl, pI. ii, f. 274. — C. Magellanicus, Hwass, var. Spectabilis ( Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p- 117. = C. tenellus, Chemn. ; : Spectrum (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmel.), p- 3395, : Spectrum album (Conus), Chemn. Con. Cab., x, pl. 140, f. 1304. —C. radiatus, Gmel., var., parius. Spectrum Sumatrz (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 91, t. 144. —C. pica, Ad. and Reeve. Sphacelatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. IIL, f. 51. = C. hebreus, Linn., var. . \ ; ; : ; Spiculum (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ie. Suppl., vii, f. 266, 57 20 32 124 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Spiroglossus (Conus), Desh. Moll. Ile Reunion, p. ee a xiii, f. 18, 14. — C. generalis, Linn. 4 Splendidulus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. III. hf 53. = C. classiarius, Hwass, Sponsalis (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi pl. 182 £1766, 1767. = C.Ceylonensis, Hwass, var. . Spurius (Conus), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3396. = C. Proteus, Hwass, : : : é : Stainforthii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, pl. 1, f. 1. = OF Molncaenee Chemn. ‘ Stearnsii (Conus), Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., v »P. 104, pl 10, f. 1, 1870. ==-C. Pealii, Green, Stellatus (Conus), I Kien. Coq. viv., p. 225, pl. bd ohh Gay 3. = C. omaria, Hwass, Stephanoconus, Morch. Yoldi Cat., 65, 1852, Stercus-musearum (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm. a 3385, Stercutius (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin’s “Mag., 204, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Sticticus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117. = C. verrucosus, Hwass, Peg (Conus), A. Ad. Proe. Zool. Soc., 1853, P — C. nisus, Chemn. Stillains (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ie. Suppl. v, f 247. = C. conspersus, Reeve, ‘ Stramineus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 481. = C.nisus, Chemn. . Straturatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl. 408, fs. 609— 610; Proce. Zool. Soce., 1865, p. 518, pl. xxxil, f. 14. — C. cinereus, Hwass, var. : : : , : Striatum (Textile), Chemn. Conch., x, pl. 141, f. 1311. = Conus retifer, Menke. Striatus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit. xii, 1117, Strigatus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers. 4 Dt 2, p. 733, Striolatus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. Viv, pl. W0a. 0. ae: Smith, Jour. Linn. Soce., xii, 535. — C. magus, Linn. Strombus, Adanson. Hist. Nat., Senegal, 82, 1757. = Conus, Linn. Subzequalis (Conus), Sowb. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 257, pl. xxii, £5. == C. Sowerbyi, Reeve, : Subcarinatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 518; ph axxxiy f 19-13, .~. Submarginatus (Conus), Sowb. Proce. Zool. Soc. , 1870, p. 255, pl. xis £36, Substriatus (Conus), Link. ‘Crosse, Rey. Zool., 206, 1858. — C. acuminatus, Hwass. Subulatus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pl. 70, f. 2, . INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Subulatus (Conus), Sowerby (not Kiener). Thes. Conch., f.472. —C. spectrum, Linn. . Succinctus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soe. , 1853, p. 118, Suffusus (Conus), Sowb., Proce. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 255, pl xo if. 9, Sugillatus (Conus), Reeve. ‘Proe. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. LTT. = C. lividus, Hwass, var. . Sulcatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers. ., pte 2 Dp. 618, Sulciferus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1853, p- 116, Sulphuratus (Kiener). Icon. Coq. viv., t. 66, £3. — C. mustelinus, Hwass, . : : : : Sulphureus (Conus), Kien. Sowb., Thes. Index = C. mustelinus, Hwass. Sumatre (Princeps), Chemn. = Conus Sumatrensis, Hwass. Sumatrensis (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 655, t. 327. f. 8, Superscriptus (Conus), Sowb. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 753, pl. lxxv, f. 4, : Superstriatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. , 328, ic 282, Suratensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers. vi, pt. at 669. = C. betulinus, Linn., var. t. 56, f. 5, 6, Suturatus (Conus), Kiener (not Reeve), Icon., t. 88, ane — C. submarginatus, Sowb. Sutoreanus (Conus), Weink. Kiister’s Conch. ‘Cab., gle Suturatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 178, Tabidus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 177, Teniatus (Conus), Hwass. Ene. Meth. vers. 1, pt. 2, p. 628, Taheitensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt 2 ae 713. =—C. rattus, Hwass, Tamsianus (Conus), Duclos. Sowb., Thes. Index. ? — C. Tamsianus, Dunker. Tamsianus (Conus), Dunk. Index Moll. Guinea Infer., p. 28, pl. iv, f. 22,23. — C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, var. Taslei ( Conus), Kien. Coa. viv., p. 360, pl. exe f. 3, ‘ Tasmaniz (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. Sup., 430, f. 636. = C. magus, Linn., var. Tasmanicus (Conus), Tenison- Woude: Proc Roy. Sou! Tasm., 1875, p. 1389. — C. rutilus, Menke,. Taylorianus (Conus), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc. , 1880, p. 480, pl. xlvili, f. 3, Tegulatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, Dp. 256, pl. 24) Oa ee Telatus Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ie. Suppl., pt. iN f. 270. = C. textile, Linn., var. . , : ; ; : Tendineus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth., i, pt. 2, p. 733, 125 6 | INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Tenellus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, 64, t. 183, f. 1782, 1783, : Tenuis (Conus), Sowb. 'Thes. Conch., ili, No. a: i 314. — C. mustelinus, Hwass, Tenuistriatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 396, fs, 532, 533. — C. glans, Hwass, Teauisulcatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc. ,1870, p. 256, pla xxit,, £100 Tenuisuleatus (Conus), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 145, t. 15, 1 2, Lio —— ee ober aa Hwass, var. : Terebellum (Conus), Mart. Conch., ii, pl. 52, f. 51. — C. terebra, Born. Terebra (Conus), Born. Test. Mus. Ces., 145, . Terebra (Conus),Chemn. @onch. Cab. x, 81, t. 148, f. 1329. — C. nussatella, Linn. Teres levis (Conus), Martini. Con. Cab., ii, p. 233, pl. 53, f. 584. = C. radiatus, Gmel. Terminus (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., pl. 48, f. 1d. — C. striatus, Linn. . 3 : ; ; : Terminus (Conus), Lam. T8, ): 19 73. Conus roseus, Lam. (— mus, var.). Sowb. , Thes. £ 94, 20 74. Conus punctatus, Chemn. Sowb., Thes., f. 92, 0% 20 75. Conus Hebreeus, Linn. Kiener, Coq. ae it. r Pe2o 4.3 Oe 76. Conus sphacelatus, Sowb. (= Hebreeus jay). Reeve, Tess 36,° . Z : : : ‘ s* 20 132 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 77. Conus vermiculatus, Hwass (— Hebreeus, var.). Thes. Conch:, f. 535-4 : et) 78. Conus maculiferus, Son Thes. Conch, fs 14. : eres | 79. Conus balteatus, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon. St Soin oe 80. Conus pigmentatus, Ad. and Reeve (—balteatus) Thes. Conci.; £10157". 21 81. Conus cernicus, "H. Adams = balteatus). ’ Kiister, t. 42, TAG; a : : 21 82. Conus encaustus, Kiener. Coa. Viv., t. 14, f. Dae 7) 83. Conus pretextus, Reeve (= encaustus). Reeve, Conch. eon. Suppl.,4. 2, f. 277, . : eon 84. Conus miliaris, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 198, : 21 85. Conus tiaratus, Brod: ..(== miliaris). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 80, . 22 86. Conus fulgetrum, Sowb. = miliaris). Thes. Conch., ae T@9) . 22 87. Conus scaber, Kiener e miliaris). Coq. viv., t. 100, ioe Ieee A 22 88. Conus minimus, Linn, a miliaris). Reeve, Icon. “f 143 a, : 22 89. Conus abbreviatus, Nuttall ce miliaris, var. r.). Thes. Conch., f.'84, »,.. ; . 22 90. Conus Aristophanes, Duclos je miliaris ,var.). ini Conenh:, 48). 1%. ; g 5 : : > 22 PLATE 6. 91. Conus reflectus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1876, t. 75, f.4, . 22 92. Conus baccatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1876, t. 75, f.5, . 22 93. Conus teniatus, Hwass. Reeve,Icon.,f. 107, . . 23 94, Conus Ceylonensis, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 141, a gas 95. Conus nux, Brod. (= Ceylonensis). Reeve, Icon., f. 105 : - Fg) 96. Conus acutus, Sowb. (az Ceylonensis, var.). Thes. Conch., f. ao : i . 23 97. Conus pusillus, Chemn. (= Ceylonensis, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 144, . 23 98. Conus tenuisulcatus, Sowb. (=Cey lonensis wvar.). “Zool. Proe:, 1873; 6 15, £2 : 23 99. Conus sponsalis, Chemn. — Ceylonensis, var.). ‘Ryve., Jeon:, £9109; 2%. ‘ 2 925 100. Conus nanus, Brod. (= Ceylonensis, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 144, 3 : . 24 1. Conus speciosus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., A 138, : ie Oe 2. Conus Couderti, Bernardi. Jour de Conch., 2 ser., tiated. 3% ; : . 24 3. Conus rutilus, Menke. Reeve, Icon., f. 264, - oh oe REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. 4. 5. 6, 7. Conus aurantius, Hwass. hes. Conch., f. 35, 36, 8, 10. Ad. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. i. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22, 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32- 35. 36. Conus Smithii, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1877, t. 5, f. 8, Conus pontificalis, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 15, 9. Conus varius, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 40, 42, . ; Conus interruptus, Mawe Vs varius). Thes. Conch., f. 43 Conus superscriptus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1876, t. 15, 1 Conus beeticus, Reeve. “Conch. Icon., f. 226, . : Conus rivularis, Reeve = beeticus). Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 6, f. Zeliwiv. : Conus albomaculatus, Sow. (= beeticus). Thes. Conch., f 113, : Conus muriculatus, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., ie 112, i PLATE 1. Conus plumbeus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 253, . Conus liratus, Reeve (— plumbeus). Conch. Icoa., f. 268, < Conus "Moluceensis, Chemn. ‘Sowb. , Thes. Conch. wile 46, Conus proximus, Sowb. = Moluecensis). Thes. Conch. Suppl., f. 619, : : : : Conus Magellanicus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 77, Conus speciosissimus, eee i Magellanicus). Sowb., Phegiets 124:" t, : : Conus Lubeckianus, Bern. = -Magellanieus). Jour. de Conch., 3 ser., 6, 'f. fie Conus cidaris, Kiener (= Magellaniens, var. r.). ; Coq. viv., t. 63, f. 1 : Conus cardinalis, Hwass. Reeve, “Icon., if; 102, Conus dianthus, Sowb. Zool. Proe., 1882, t: (Dis 4, Conus Archon, Brod. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ip 952, Conus castaneus, Kiener (= Archon). Coq. WLV:,. t- 104,-f..3; Conus’ sanguineus, Kiener (= Archon, vat). Coq. Viv., t. 111, ft: Conus | granarius, Kiener —— “Archon, var.). Coq, viv., t2285f 5b» ; ; Conus Lamberti, Souyerb. Jour. de Conch., 1877, t. et. : , : : ; ; Conus nebulosus, Solander. “Thes. Conch., f. 62, 34. Conus cedonulli, Hwass (— nebulosus). Thes. Conch., f. 64, 67, 68, : Conus Faylorianus, "Smith. Zool. Proc. ,1880, t. 48, fi 3, Conus diadema, Sowb. (= brunneus). ’ 'Thes. Conch., og: 4 Ge : : : : : : : ; 134 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. 37. Conus brunneus, Gray. Thes. Conch., f. 48, : : PLATE 8. 38. Conus gladiator, Brod. Reeve, Icon.,f.127, . ; 39. Conus suffusus, Sowb. Zool. Proo., 1870, t. 99, f. 9, 40. 4]. 42, 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50, 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. Conus Noumeensis, Crosse (= suffusus svar). Jour. de Conch., 1872, t. 16, f. 2, ‘ Conus princeps, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Tcon. ad 36 b, ; Conus princeps, Linn., var. regius, Chemn. Reeve, Icon., f. 36a, : : ‘ : 3 : : Conus princeps, Linn., var. lineolatus, Val. Thes. Conch., f. 32, ; ; ‘ ; : Conus ammiralis, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 226, é Conus archithalassus, Dillw. (— ammiralis.) Thes. Conch., f. 24, : Conus ammiralis, Linn., var. granulatus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 21, f. ld, - , Conus nobilis, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 2a, Conus cordigerus, Sowb. (= eich -Thes. Conch., f. 498, : : : ; , Conus victor, Brod. — ‘nobilis). “Reeve, Teon;, f.c50% 51. Conus thalassiarchus, ae: Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 165, 166, ; , Conus Amadis, Mart. Thes. Conch., f. 170, : Conus Weinkauffii, Lobbecke. Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Gesell., ix, t. 4, £3, . Conus acuminatus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 196, PLATE 9, Conus cuneatus, Sowb. (— acuminatus, var.) Zool. Proc: (Sto, te lp seon 6 : Conus: Neptunus, Kiener = Schech “ Jickeli). "Coq. Vi .¢ Gandy tewOs Conus ‘turritus, Sowb. & eradatulus, Weink.) ‘Zool, Proc., 1870, 'b 22, f. 14, . Conus Coxeni, Brazier. "Zool. Proc., 1875, t. a f. 10, . Conus nodulosus,Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 288, f. 635, . Conus luctificus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 198, . Conus bifasciatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. ae ; . Conus spiculum, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl, f. 266, . Conus subcarinatus,Sowb. Thes. Conch. Suppl., t. 286, f. 615 . Conus Malaccanus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 366, . Conus fulgurans, Hwass. Sowb. , Thes,, f. "902, . Conus eximius, Reeve si fulgurans), ’ Thes. ’ Conch., fO0e eee REFERENCE TO PLATES. 135 FIGURE. PAGE, 67. Conus Delessertianus, Recl. Sowb., Thes., f. 365, Bate: 68. Conus centurio, ae Thes. Conch., ie 367, : 33 69. Conus anabathrum, Crosse. Sowb. Thes. Gore Pa 988, f. 639, 2 33 70. Conus articulatus, Sowb. Zool. Proe., 1873, t. 15, le 3, 33 71. Conus tegulatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22 noe 12, 34 72. Conus Macare, Bern. Thes. Conch., t. 286, i. 617, o. Bt 73. Conus monile, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 178, > +, of 74. Conus generalis, Linn. Thes. Conch.,f. 180, . . 384 75. Conus Maldivus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 183, . . 34 PLATE 10. 76. Conus Maldivus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 182, . , 34 77. Conus voluminalis, Hinds. Reeve., Conch, Icon.,f. 206, 35 78. Conus floridulus, Ad. and Reeve (= voluminalis, var.) Thes., f. 97, : : ; : : one) 79. Conus Lorenzianus, Chemn. Thes. Coneh., 1. 430; ..- 35 80. Conus virgatus, Reeve. Sowb:, Thes., f. 190; -. Rae) 81. Conus Cumingii, Reeve (— virgatus, es Thes. Coneh.y ft 193,. : : 35 82, Conus sanguinolentus, Reeve ‘(=virgatus, var.). ‘Thes. Conch., f. 409, : . 89 83. Conus scalaris, Val. Sowb. _ Thes. Conch., f. 192, 3) 84. Conus flavescens, Gray. Reeve, leon., f. 168, : 36 85. Conus Largillierti, Kiener. Reeve, Icon. Suppl., t. 2, f. 275, : 36 86. Conus Traversianus, Smith. Quar. Jour. Conch. fi! 107, 34 87. Conus Bayani, Jansees Tae Guerin’s Magazine pee Ealeetol. : 85 88. Conus Guestieri, ernie tae fe Conch., 2 ser., iv, fe 12.05, PES 52,090. Conus Pealii, Green. Thes. Conch., f 393, 394, . 386 91. Conus Stearnsii, ‘Conr. (= Pealii). Am. Jour. Conch,, Wi tel Ot. B, , : : : <0 a6 92. Conus candidus, Kiener = Pealii) Coq. viv., t. 97, Be) ale ‘ 36 93. Gonna lemniscatus, yeas. Sowb., 'Thes., fi: 286, f. 608, 36 94. Conus Clerii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., tip 929, eo 95. Conus emarginatus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., "f, 939 2, alton 95a. Conus minutus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f, ZOO sy bs tae 96. Conus lentiginosus, Reeve (—= oe Conch. Icon., f. 245, ‘ 37 97. Conus Villepini, Bern. and Fischer. Thes. Conch. th 288, f. 629, : : ‘ ‘ ; : 37 PuaTE 11. 98, 99, Conus regularis, Sowb. ‘Thes. Conch., f, 208, 209, 37 136 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE 100. Conus incurvus, Brod. arceulane): Thes. Conch., 7, 194, 1. Conus angulatus, A. Ad. ec regularis). Thes. Conch., f. 388, : : 2. Conus dispar, as (= regularis). Thes., Conch. fuLo, ; 3. Conus selectus, A. ‘Ad. " Sowb., Thesaurus, f, 361, ; 4, Conus Floridanus, Gabb. Am. Jour. Conch. , iv, t. 15, f.4, . : 5 : 5, Goaes Floridensis, ak —— Floridanus). Zool. Pree IS(0, t.422, 1. Fl : 6. Conus Sieboldii, Reeve. "hes. Conch., ey 369, : 7. Conus rarimaculatus, Sowb. (— Sieboldii). Zool. Proc., 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1870, t. 22, f. 4, ge Saas re ae Conus papillaris, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 377, Conus optabilis, A. Ad. Sowb. Thes., f. 364 oui Conus Mazei, Desh. Jour. de Conch., 1874, ce i a) Conus Sumatrensis, Hwass. Thes. Conch., ’t 158, Conus nemocanus, Hwass eae var.). Thes. Conch., f. 153, 12a. Conus vexillum, Gmel. Thes. Conch., ir 163, 13. 14. 15. 16. WF 18. £9: 20. 21, 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. Conus leevigatus, Sowb. (= vexillum).. Thes, st 149, Conus Robillardi, Bern. (— vexillum, juv. ?) Jour. de Conch., 2 ser., iii, t. 7, f. 2, ; Conus concolor, Sowb., "Thes. Conch., f. 206, Conus miles, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 157, : : Conus sulphuratus, Kiener (— mustelinus). Coq. viv., i. 6654-13, : : ; A Conus citrinus, Kiener ee mustelinus). Cog. viv., t. 185 : PLATE 12, Conus mutabilis, Chemn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 216, Conus hyzena, Reeve (— Be Theg. Conch., f. 431, . : . : : : : 22. Conus capitaneus, Linn. Thes..Coneh. £75.16, Conus mustelinus, Hwass (—capitaneus). Thes.Conch., f. 160, . Conus classiarius, Kiener ('E capitaneus, var.). Kien., Iconog., t. 63, f.3, . Conus rattus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., i 78, Conus Taheitensis, Hwass (— rattus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 26, ; : : i : ; Conus viridis, Sowb. (—rattus). Thes. Conch., f. 192, Conus Lischkeanus, Weinkauff. Kuster, Conch. Cab, CyDO ie bee2ses ‘ : . PAGE. REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. . Conus Gloynei, Sowb. Zool. Proe., 1881, t. 56, f. Ds . Conus Lombei, Sowb. Zool. Proc., "1881, t. 56, f. . Conus eorotus, Reeve. Thes. Conch. it 215, . Conus lividus, Hwass. Sowb, Thes., f. 27, é . Conus citrinus, Gmel. (= lividus). Thes. Conch. he 10, . Conus sugillatus, Reeve (— lividus, var.). Thes. Conch., Conus semivelatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 3, 1882, Conus classiarius, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 213, . : Conus splendidulus, Sowb. (= si aan we Thes. Conch., f. 211, : : : Conus Riippellii, Reeve (es classiarius). Thes. Conch., -f. 143, - : . é Conus adustus, Sowb. (= classiarius). Thes. Conch., f. 403, : : : ; Conus Pazii, Bern. (= classiarius, var.). Thes. Conch., 12299, i. 649, : Rate trigonus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl., it. 3, f. 286, . Conus aureolus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 395, . Conus coffea, Gmel. Thes. Conch., f. 173, . Conus excavatus, Sowb. (= coffea). Thes. Suppl., 286, f. 616, . Conus incarnatus, Reeve (= coffea). " Thes. Conch., f. 228, . Conus turbinatus, Sowhe Thes. Conch. aie 997, PLaTeE 13. . Conus vittatus, Lam. Thes. Conch., f. 274, 5 . Conus Cumingii, Reeve (= vittatus). Thes. Conch., f. 415, . Conus orion, Brod. (= vittatus, var.). " ‘Thes. Conch., f. 200, : : . Conus Henoquei, Bern. = vittatus, var.). ~ Jour. de Conch., 2 ser., iv, t. 13, f. 4 . Conus Virgo, Linn. Sowh., Thes., f 167, . Conus Celine, Crosse (= virgo, var.). Thes. Suppl, t. 287, f. 623, . Conus emaciatus, eer. mee: G@onche. f 258, . Conus flavidus, tava. Thes. Conch., f. 168, Conus Maltzanianus, Weink. (— flavidus). Reeve Te, fe 20, . Conus mirmillo, Crosse (= flavidus). Jour. de Conch., 1865, t. 9,f.2, . a6, f. 50 . Conus crepusculum, Reeve @ lividus). Sowb. ,Thes., HON 5 . Conus oblitus, sere: Sowb., Thes., f. 37, 137 PAGE. 4] 41 138 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. 59. Conus Moussoni, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1865, t. 10, ita ee ; , : ° : ‘ ; : : 60. Conus pryntanis, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1882, t. 5, f. 1, 61. Conus Eveline, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1882,t.5,f.2, . 62. Conus primula, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 6, f. 256, 63. Conus Cibielli, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 107, f. 2, : 64. Conus tabidus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 243, PuaTE 14. . Conus hepaticus, Kiener. Thes. Conch,, f. 191, . Conus albicans, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 98, : ‘ . Conus unicolor, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 83, 69. Conus distans, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 174 a,c, , . Conus daucus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 189, : ; . Conus Reevei, Kiener (—daucus). Thes. Conch., f. 188, . Conus archetypus, Crosse (— daucus, var.) Jour. de Conch;, 1865, t. 10, f. T,. = 2 : . Conus narcissus, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 436, é . Conus lithogly phus, Meusch. "Thes. Conch.., tf, 185, - Conus lacinulatus, Kiener (—lithoglyphus), Coq, py t. 108, f. 2, . Conus attenuatus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 263, . Conus Sutorianus, Weinkauff. Kuster, ’ Conch. Cab,, t. 56, £5, . Conus pulchellus, § Swains. Thes. Conch., f. 220. . Conus cinctus, Swains, (— pulchellus). Thes, Conch., f. 231, . Conus connectens, / A. Ad. = pulchellus). Thes. Conch., f. 230, . Conus planorbis, Born. Thes. Conch., a 491, . Conus circumsignatus, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1865, t. 10, f. 14, . Conus Chenui, Crosse. Sowb., Thes. Suppl., t. 287, f. 624, . Conus Libbeckeanus, Weink. (= Chenu). Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 36, f. 3, . Conus lineatus, @hewn! “phas Conch., £ 219, 87. Conus vitulinus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f Pe 204. PLATE 15. . Conus Carpenteri, Crosse (= vitulinus, var.) Jour. de Conch., 1865, t. 9, f. 1, . Conus Augur, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 154, . Conus lignarius, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 269, 5 . Conus furvus, Reeve or ans: ’ hes. Conch., f, 267, - : , . ’ PAGE. REFERENCE TO PLATES. 139 FIGURE. PAGE. 92. Conus Cecilei, Kiener (= lignarius). Thes. Conch., f. 313, . 51 93. Conus fasciatus, Kiener (c= lignarius, var.). Coq. viv., £5. 109, f.-2, : 51 94. Conus multilineatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1875, t. 24, tapos, 52 95. Conus Kobelti, Libbecke. Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Gesell., ox. 6.4, £4, : 52 96. Conus consors, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 492 52 97. Conus carinatus, Swains. (= consors). Thes, Conch., f. 495, : : 52 98. Conus anceps, A. Ad. (es “consors). Sowb., Thes,, f. 493, : : , a" ioe 99. Conus Daullei, Crosse (= consors). Mag. de Zool., 1858, t. 2, f. 2a, : ; ; : : at aN Fes 100. Conus ustulatus, Reeve (= consors). Thes Conch. Suppl., t. 289, f. 647, ’ ; : : f oe 1. Conus fulvocinctus, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1873, tals. 5: 52 2. Conus consanguineus, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 1880, f48 fel, : ee 3. Conus magus, Linn. Thes. Conch., fi. 513, 5 53 4, Conus raphanus, Hwass (= ee) Thes. Conch., f. 509, : 5 : , . 53 5. Conus Consul, Boivin Cc magus). Jour. de Conch., 3 ser., iv, t. 1, f. 5, : Os eee es: 6. Conus striolatus, Kiener Ce magus). " 'Thes. Conch., f. 328, : ; , . -53 7. Conus Borneensis, ‘Sowb, ee magus). Thes. Suppl., t. 289, f. 648, . : > ~ap 8. Conus assimilis, A, Ad, & magus). 'Thes. Conch., f. 505, 3 : . 53 9. Conus Frauenfeldi, Crosse = magus, var.). Ties. Conch., f. 525, : 53 10. Conus Metcalfei, Reeve (=magus, var). Conch. Tcon., ae a . : : : - : - OB PLATE 16. 11. Conus Rollandi, Bern (— magus, var.). Thes. Conch. Suppl., t. 289, f. 652, 5 : aoe 12, Conus epistomium, Reeve oa magus, “var.). Conch. Teon., f: 227, . ? 53 13. Conus Tasmanie, Sowb. (— magus var). Thes. Suppl, f. 288, f. 636, -. : 54 14. Conus epistomioides, Weink. ve magus, var.). Kiister, Conch.-Cab., t.57,f.6, . 5 : : ey 140 FIGURE. 15. Conus pertusus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 273, 16. Conus festivus, Chemn. (— pertusus). Thes. Conch., f. 272, : 17. Conus inquinatus, Reeve (ES ‘pertusus'. Conch. ‘Icon. Supple to eole ae ‘ ‘ 18. Conus simplex, Sowh. Thes. Cench., f. 199; 19. Conus sindon, Reeve. Conch. Icon., "f 233 a, ; 20. Conng miser, Boivin. Thes. Conch. Suppl, t. 387, f 630, 21, 22. Conus mercator, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 83 b, a, 23. Code desidiosus, Ac Ad.,.(= mercator, var.). Thes. ; Conch., f. 306, : : : : : : : 24, 25. Conus cuneolus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 205 a, b, 30, 32, 34, 36. 31. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50. REFERENCE TO PLATES. 27. Conus Natalis, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 292, 293, . Conus olivaceus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. Ta if 3, : . Conus Taslei, Kiener (= olivaceus). Cog. viv., t. 110, fis ee 31. Conus irregularis, Sowb. (= olivaceus var.) Thes. Conch., f. 418, 419, 33. Conus infrenatus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f, 451, 452, PLATE 17. 35. Conus rosaceus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 455, 456, Conus roseotinctus, Sowb. Thes. Suppl., t. 286, f. 604, Conus Tinianus, Reeve (— rosaceus, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 450, : : , ‘ : é Conus Loveni, Krauss Fy rosaceus, var.). | Thes. Conch., f. 449, : : : Conus signifer, Crosse (= rosaceus, var.). Jour. de Conch., 1865, LO fG ; Conus Lamarekii, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 83, f. As Conus inflatus, Kiener (— Lamarckil). pars ViV-,. be Ob ts 3 Conus citrinus, Kiener (2 Lamarekii). Cog. viv. vt. 43 Ae i oe Conus Broderipii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., r 254 b, Conus spectrum, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 458,)- Conus collisus, Reeve (— spectrum). " Thes. ‘Conch., f. 459, 47. Conus pica, Ads. and Reeve ce spectrum). Sowb., Thes., f. 290, 291, : Conus subulatus, Sowb, (= spectrum), Thes. Conch., f. 472, Conus lictor, aiwin. Jour. de Conch., 3 ser., iv, t. 1, Conus dolium, Boivin. Jour. de Conch., 3 ser., iv, t. eh: a Ee aa: celica ale PAGE. 55 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE, 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63, 65. 66. 67. 68. Conus lacteus, Reeve (= spectrum, var.). Conch. Icon., f. 234, : Conus Andamanensis, Smith. Zool. Proc. , 1878, ‘t. 50, f, la, Conus conspersus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. aie 262, Conus Verreauxii, Kiener (= conspersus). Coq. Viv., t. 60, f. 5, : : ; 5 ; PLATE 18. Conus stillatus, Reeve = Conger ue) ‘Thes. Conch., f. 461, - 5 Conus daphne, Boivin = conspersus, var.). Thes. Suppl., t. 288, f. 630, Conus cinereus, "Hwass. Thes. Conch., ft 467, : Conus Gabrielli, Kiener (— cuereey ned WIV, 0.194, ae ; : : Conus straturatus, Sowb. = cinereus, var.). Thes. Suppl., t. 286, f. 609, . : Conus Bernardi, Kiener Ss cinereus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 474, ; : E : Conus politus, Weink. (= cinereus, var). Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 62, f.2, . ; : : Conus albospira, Smith. Zool. Proc.,. 1880, t. 48, f. 4, 64. Conus nisus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 470, 471, Conus zebra, Sowb. (= nisus). Thes. Conch., f. 466, Conus Blanfordianus, Crosse (— nisus). Jour. de Voneh., 1861, t 2,8 Wo «. : 3 : : : Conus stigmaticus, A. Ad. (= nisus). Thes. Conch., f. 460, : : : 5 : Conus cocceus, Kiener i= nisus). Coq. viv., t. 107, i ha, . Conus submarginatus, Sowb. Zool. Proce. ,1870, t. 22, f 6, . Conus suturatus, Kiener (—submarginatus). Coa. viv., oitsren tal . Conus radiatus, Gmel. hes. Conch. Af 490, : . Conus parius, Reeve (= radiatus). Thes. Conch. Si 473, . Conus Gubbe, as (= radiatus). Thes. Conch.., f. 475, . Conus contusus, Rese “Conch. Icon. Suppl., t.2, f. 276, . Conus prefectus, Hwass (= ochroleucus, aes Reeve, Icon., f. 138, . Conus iodostoma, Reeve. Conch. ‘Icon. vfs 159, : . Conus Lienardi, Crosse and Bern. Thes. s. Suppl, t. 286, f. 611, 141 PAGE, 142 PLATE 19. FIGURE, 78, 79. Conus Lienardi, Crosse and Bern. Thes. Suppl., t. 286, f. 612 gia. : . - : 5 : ‘ 80. Conus Macei, Crosse. Thes. Suppl., t. 287, f. 621, 81. Conus Timorensis, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 111, 82. Conus Janus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 478, : 83. Conus Jickeli, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 32, f. ie 84. Conus inscriptus, Reeve. Conch. Tcony, £16450. 85. Conus Keatii, Sowb. (= inscriptus). "Thes. Conch., f.479, : : 86. Conus induratus, ‘Reeve (Ca Erythreensis). Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 7, f. 268, ‘ , 87. Conus piperatus, Reeve (= Erythreensis). Conch. Icon., f. 230, —.. : 88. Conus quadrimaculatus, Sowb. (—Erythreensis). Thes. . Conch. Suppl., t. 288, f. 638, 89. Conus concinnus, Sowb. es Erythrxensis). ‘Thes. Suppl., t. 289, f. 646, : 90. Conus puncticulatus, Hwass. Reeve, Icon. a 116; 91. Conus perplexus, Sowb. (= puneticulatus). Thes. Conch., f. 324, 5 92. Conus pustulatus, es puncticulatus). Coa. viv., t. 101, f. 2 93. Conus papillosus, " Kiener (z puneticulatus). "Coq. Vivi jit. 12, £04, 94. Conus pusio, Sowb. = puncticulatus). Thes. Conch., 0S) ine ; 95. Conus Duvali, Bern. je puncticulatus), Jour, de Conch.,;3 ser, li, 6.13). 3." : 96. Conus Hanleyi, Sowb. (e paneticulatus). Thes. Conch., F009), Sia ee. Conus columba, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 310, 311, 99. Conus Metcalfei, Angas (= Angasi, Tryon). Zool. Proc Siit,t. 96, t. 13; 100. Conus Ximenes, Gray (= interruptus). Thes. Conch., f. 285, : Ree Conus mahogani, Reeve (= interruptus). Thes. Conch., f. 283, 284, : 5 : : 4 ; PLaTE 20. 3. Conus monilifer, Brod. (—interruptus). Thes. Conch., f. 380, : : : , 4. Conus tornatus, Brod. Ge interruptus). Se Icon., £08, 5. Conus Philippit, Kieuer (= interruptus). Thes. Conch. z REFERENCE TO PLATES. f. 412, PAGE. 61 61 61 61 61 61 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 FIGURE. és 7. Conus catus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 277, 278, 8. Conus nigropunctatus, Sowb. (= catus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 342, . ; : : s 9. Conus Adansoni, Lam. (— catus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 286 : : : 10. Conus eques, | Brug. ee cats). Kiener, Iconog., t. 66, Ii, 13. 14, 15. 16. 16a. Conus Luzonicus, Sowh. (= purpurascens). Thes. Le 18. tg. 20. 21. 29. 23, 26. 25. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 30. 36. REFERENCE TO PLATES. feb, 12. Conus achatinus, Chemn. Thes. Conch. of 335, 336, Conus superstriatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., Us 282, Conus monachus, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon. af: 129 a, Conus purpurascens, Brod. Thes. Conch., f. 346, Conus neglectus, A. Ad. (= purpurascens). Thes. Conch., f. 404, Conch., f. 344, Conus regalitatus, Sowb. (= purpurascens, var.). Thes., f. 345, Conus testudinarius, Mart. Sowb., Thes., f. 348, Conus fulmen, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 351, Conus tribunus, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1865, t. 10, re. Conus catenatus, Sowb. ‘(= interruptus). Zool. Proc., 1878, t. 48, f. 3, , Conus hyena, Hwass. Sowb., Thes, sift 431, 24. Conus Guiniacus, Hwass, Sowb., Thes. ce 434, “435, Conus Franciscanus, Hwass = Mediterraneus). Thes. Conch., f. 315, PuatTeE 21, Conus Mediterraneus, Hwass, Thes. Conch., f. 437, Conus Bruguieri, Kiener (— Mediterraneus, var). Kien., Iconog., t. 56, f.2, . Conus Jamaicensis, Sowb. (= Mediterraneus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 439, . Conus Tamsianus, Dunker (= Mediterraneus, var.). Moll. Guin., t. 4, f. 23, Conus cerulescens, Chemn. = Mediterraneus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 442, Conus zemulus, Reeve = Mediterraneus, var.). Conch. Icon., f. 256 a, Conus altispiratus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, t. 15, ie an Conus castus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 405, Conus Madurensis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 237, Conus Borbonicus, H. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1868, t. 28, ae Conus corallinus, Kiener. Iconog.,, t. 73, fe OS3 a os 143 PAGE. 63 63 63 63 64 64 64 64 64 64 66 144 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 37. Conus inzequalis, Reeve (—corallinus). Conch. Icon. Sapplt tf. 270,, —. 67 38. Conus dilectus, Gould. Moll. Wilkes Expl. Exped. f. 367, : 67 39. Conus nitidus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 401, ; Sys 40. Conus aplustre, Reeve. Thes. Conch., if 448, : aol 41. Conus multicatenatus, Sowb. (= aplustre, var.). Thes. Suppl., f. 634, . : : SADE 42. Conus pictus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., sie ‘98, ; : 68 43. Conus jaspideus, Kiener (= pictus, Reeve). Iconog., £. Sor t.49 is : ; “ -5 08 44, Conus scitulus, Reeve ( pictus, Reeve). Conch. Ic. Suppl., t. 9, f 283, 68 45. Conus pauperculus, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 108, 68 46. Conus lautus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 454, . 68 47. Conus elongatus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. "440, 2 . 68 48, 49. Conus caffer, Krauss. Sowb., Thes., f. 446,447, . 68 50. Conus gilvus, Reeve ca caffer). Conch. Icon., Suppl., t. 6, f. 255, : ' : : cs 51. Conus secutor, Crosse (= caffer). Jour. de Conch., T8605 6.79, 1. 3, ; : : : : j : «63 PLATE 22. 52. Conus Algoensis, Sowb. Reeve, eae 1 - 69 53. Conus fucatus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 308, é 69 54. Conus lachrymosus, Reeve. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f, 5 a ; 69 55. Conus anemone, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 340, ‘ 69 56. Conus maculatus, Sowb. (= anemone). Thes. Conch., f. 296, 4 , : : : = , 69 51. Conus Novee- Hollandie, Lam. (= edie Thes. Conch., f. 298, . 4 ; ; 2700. 58. Conus Jukesii, Reeve —— anemone). Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 2, f. 2185: ; whe : ere) 59. Conus Cabritii, Bern. = anemone). " ‘Thes. Conch. Suppl., t. 288, f. 632, 69 60. Conus compressus, Sowb. = anemone). Thes. Suppl, t. 286, f. 608, . 3 : “69 61. Conus anemone, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 339, : eh) 62. Conus cocceus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 417, : « 10 63. Conus decrepitus, Kiener (= cocceus). leonog.. Coq. Vive, 6.995 i480: sr 64. Conus ‘cerinus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 120, 70 65. Conus Vay ssetianus, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1872, t. i BA) OA LO 66. Conus carnalis, Sowb. Zool. "Proc , 1878, t. “48, f. 2 Djel rte REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE, 67. 68. 69. 70. 75. 76. is 78. 19. Conus Melvilli, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1878, t. 48, f. 1, Conus Kieneri, Reeve. Concli. Icon., Suppl, t. 9, f. 282 b, 3 : ; : Conus latifasciatus, Sowb. ee Kieneri). hes; , f..495, Conus subulatus, Kiener. Reeve, Icon. Suppl., t. 4, f. 239, 1. Conus Neptunus, Reeve. Conch. Teon., te 30, : . Conus SE es K. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 1880, t. 48, f. 2 3 Gens mucronatus, Peeve: Coun Icon., . 204, . Conus alabaster, Ads. and Reeve (= mucronatus). Reeve, Icon. Suppl., t. 6, f. 257, PLATE 23. Conus orbitatus, Reeve (= mucronatus, var.). Conch. Gen. tc 156... Conus planiliratus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t..22 af Ls Conus australis, Chemn. Sowb., Thes., ie 486, Conus laterculus, Sowb. (= australis). Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 3, : : : : Conus strigatus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 248° 79a. Conus sulcatus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 30, 80. 81. 82, 84. 85. 86. ai. 88. 89. 90. $I. 92. 93. 94. 95. Conus undulatus, Sowb. (= sulcatus, var.). Thes. Conch.,, f. 63, : : : : , : Conus Bocki, Sowb. @ sulcatus, var.). Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 56, fe 16 : : : ; : : : 83. Conus oranifer, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 109, 110, Conus exaratus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 238, Conus pulcher, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 121, Conus sulciferus, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 122, Conus cancellatus, Lam. Reeve, Icon. : ‘ Conus precellens, Ad. (= cancellatus). Thes. Conch., an gle ' ; : : : : : 5 Conus turriculatus, Sowb. (= cancellatus). Thes. Conch., f. 643, : : : ; : ; Conus aculeiformis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 240, : Conus vimineus, Reeve (— aculeiformis). Conch. Ic. Suppl.,.t. 7, f. BGO, = : , : . Conus oracilis, Sowh. — og aE Zool. Proc., 1875, t. 24, f. 6, : , : Conus insculptus, Kiener es aculeiformis). Coq. Viv., t.99, i 2, ; Conus longurionis, Kiener (= aculeiformis). Cou. viv., Tad sct- a, Conus Orbignyi, Aud. ‘Sowb., Thes. f. 368, 10 146 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. 96. Conus hae Sowb. (= pen) Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 8, PLATE 24. . Conus crenulatus, Kiener (= armiger, Crosse). Coq. ViV.,1t. LOO; 1. ih . Conus arcuatus, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 1b, . Conus undatus, ’Kiener. Coq. viv. hs Oa ale 1, . Conus subsequalis, Sowh! (— undatus). Zool. F-Pocs, 1870, t. 22, f. 5, . Conus Sowerbyi, ’Kiener eS undatus). Reeve, Icon., fT . Conus cingulatus, Lam. (= undatus). Reeve, Icon., f. 158, . Conus cingulatus, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch.,f. 385, . Conus Sinensis, Sowb. (= cingulatus, Lam.). Conch. Illus., f. 56, : ‘ : : : : 3 Conus acutangulus, Hwass. Reeve, Cone. Icon., f. 200, . Conus Wilmeri, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1882, t.5,f.5, . . Conus tenuisulcatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. Be f. 10, 3 Conus tristis, Reepe Gone Icon., f. 252, Conus Borneensis, Ads. and Boe hes. Conch., f. 389, . Conus acutimarginatus, ‘Sowb. a Borneensis). Thes. Conch. Suppl., 1 640, . Conus Lizardensis, Crosse (= Borneensis). Thes. Conch. Suppl., f. 642 . Conus verrucosus, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., if: 201, Conus echinuletug, Kiener (== verrucostts). Coq. Viv., fb. LOS. . Conus ore A. Ad. (= verrucosus). Thes. Conch., fe oWais . Conus nodiferus, Kiener es verrucosus). Coq. Viv., $000, 124, . Conus Mindanus, Hwass (Ee verrucosus). Sowb. arses f. 86, . Conus cretaceus, Kiener es verrucosus). "Cog. viv., ts 99,)1. 41, . Conus anaglypticus, Crosse (e verrucosus). Sowb., Thes. Suppl., f. 606, . Conus corrugatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. T, . Conus coronatus, "Reeve (= papalis, Weink.) Sowb., Thes., f. 136 . Conus ser risulcatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc. 1870, t. 22. f. 13, PAGE, 75 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 147 PLATE 25. FIGURE. PAGF, 22. Conus Caledonicus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 413, eS 23. Conus nucleus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl, t.3,f.280, 79 24, 25. Conus luteus, Brod. Sowb.,Thes. Conch., f.544,545, 79 26, 27. Conus glans, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 530,531, . 79 28. Conus tenuistriatus, Sowb. (= glans). Thes. Conch., fdas. ; 2 79 29. Conus scabriusculus, Chemn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 543, f : 80 30. Conus tendineus, Fines Thes: Gonch., i 534; : 80 31. Conus terebra, Bonn: Sowb., Thes., f. 559, : 80 32. Conus celebs, Hinds (— terebra). Reeve, Icon., f. G4, 80 33. Conus Thomasi, Sowb. (—terebra). Zool. Proc. 1881, t. 56, f. 4a, : ; ; : : 4 = ou 34. Conus Cailliaudi, Kiener. Iconog., Coq. viv.,t.55,f.5, 80 35. Conus nussatella, Linn. Sowb., Thes., 7.5338, . 2 80 36. Conus tenellus, Chemn. Sowb., Thes., f. 556, oe: 1! 37. Conus clavus, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 561, : .. SE 38. Conus dactylosus, Kiener (— clavus). Thes. Conch., f. 536, : : , 3 é ; : 8h 39. Conus circumcisus, _ Born. Sowb., Thes., f. 562, . bee 40. Conus Du Saveli, H. Ad. (=circumcisus). Zool. Proc., 81 1872, te 3,1. ii ; : : ce. OL 41. Conus Brazieri, Sowb. Jour. of Conch. lie tel te oe. SE 42. Conus eranulatus, Linn. Thes. Conch., 'f. 540, . x ot 43. Conus verulosus, Hwass (— oranulatus). Thes. Conch., f. 541, : ; : : : : Skee. 44, Conus coccineus, Gmel. Kiener, Coq. viv.,t. 77, f.3,. 82 PLATE 26. 45. Conus filamentosus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch.,f.482, 82 46. Conus nimbosus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 66, . 82 47. Conus aurisiacus, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 501, . 2 a 48. ica Barthelemyi, Bern. Jour. de Conch., 3 ser., ii, ebsites : 83 49, 50. eran cylindraceus, Brod. and Sowb. Reeve, Teon., f-8£0,0,. %- 83 51. Conus mitratus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 100, 83 52. Conus Pupseformis, Sowb. ae mitratus). Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 2 83 53. Conus crebrisulcatus, Sows. Stns! Conch:, ra 321, BRS 54. Conus Traillii, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 399, 86 55. Conus puncturatus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., lig 104, shee 56. Conus Africanus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 104, ile . 84 57. Conus bulbus, Reeve (— Africanus, var.). Kiener, Kéonoe.,\t. 18) 3, °: : : ‘ : : . 84 148 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. 58. Conus Dupont, Kiener (= Africanus, var.). Monee iT ee ee A 59. Conus Grayi, Reeve (= ‘Africanus, var.). Conch. Icon., fj208e@, « 60. Conus obtusus, Kiener = Africanus, var.). Iconog., LV LOO iis, , 61. Conus outtatus, Kiener es Africanus. var.). Teonog., t. 105, f. 4, 62. Conus variegatus, Kiener (= Africanus, var.). Iconog. tosL0Gctaka. 62 a. Conus zebroides, Kiener. Iconog., t. 105, f. He 63. Conus concinnus, Brod. (= concinnulus, orate Reeve, Icon., f. "153, 64. Conus atramentosus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 7, f. 265, : 65. Conus hieroglyphicus, ‘Duel. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f ALO ; 2 : : 66. Conus lugubris, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl., “t. 9, f 279) : 67. Conus striatus, Linn. Sowb. , Thes. Conch., Ki 551, 68. Conus oubernator, Hwass. Sowb., Thes. Conch., £ 521, 69. Conus terminus, Lam. (= oubernator), Sowb., Thes., f. 523, : : ; PLATE 27. 1. Conus figulinus, Linn., var. chytreus, Melvill. From Drawing, ‘ ; : : : : ’ : Conus arenatus, Hwass, var. mesokatharos, Melvill. From Drawing, . . Conus marchionatus, Hinds, var. eudoxus, Melvill. From Drawing, . Conus spiroglossus, Desh. (=e generalis... Sowb., Thes. Suppl., f. 626, . Conus tenuis, Sowb. —— mustelinus). " Thes. Conch., f. 314, . Conus Ceciliz, Chenu é mustelinus, var.)» Jour. de Conch., vii, t. 14, f. 9, . Conus inflatus, Sowb. ce conspersus). Conch. tl: ie Bs . Conus interruptus, “Brod. Reeve, Icon., f125, . Conus comptus, Gould (— purpurascens). Mex. Shells., t. 14, f. 23, . Conus ocalaris, Val: (= arcuatus). Kiener, t. 88, if A, . Conus miles, Lane. Gould, Wilkes Exped., f. 364, . . Conus miliaris, Hwass. Gould, Wilkes Exped., f. 362, . Conus Hebreus, Linn. Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 52, f. 5, PAGE, REFERENCE TO PLATES. 149 PLATE 28. FIGURE. PAGE, 70. Conus Boivini, Kiener. Sowb., Thes., f. 496, . 286 71. Conus melancholicus, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 547, tale 72. Conus rhododendron, Jay. Sowb., Thes., f. 504, 3) 00 73. Conus flocecatas, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 500, . woo 74. Conus Magdalene, Kiener (= ea Iconog., t. 69, f. 4, : Ba eeill 15. Conus J ulii, Lienard. Jour. ‘de Conch., 1871, t. is 16,8 76. Conus floceatus, Kiener (— Julii). Teonog., t. 106, £3, ST 77. Conus bullatus, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 550, ; Ro 78. Conus cervus, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 548, . ; gt Si 79. Conus Deshayesii, Reeve (— cervus, var.). Sune Thes. Conch., f. 546, : ‘ 87 80. Conus tulipa, Linn. Sowb., Thes., i: 552, : 87 81. Conus floridus, Sowb. (= tulipa). "Thes. Conch. vf. 558, 88 82. Conus violaceus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 241, . 88 83. Conus obscurus, Reeve (— violaceus). Coneh. Icon., ‘y f. 82, F : cae! : 4 . 88 84. Conus ceographus, ‘Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 560, . eos PLATE 29. 85. Conus intermedius, Reeve (— geographus, var.). Sowb., Riess 54g fo) 3 : 3 , : : so sO 86. Conus aureus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 196, . 88 87. Conus Pauluccie, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1876, t. 75, f. 3, 89 88. Conus pyramidalis, Lam. Kiener, Iconog., t. 85, f.1, 89 89. Conus convolutus, Sowb. (— pyramidalis). Thes., f 564, . ; : : ; : : og 90. Conus gloria-maris, Hwass. hes. Conch., f. 586, « 89 91.: Conus solidus, Sowb. (= retifer, Mke.). Reeve, Icon., f. 23 b, ‘ : : : . 89 92, 93. Conus textile, Linn. , Operculum. Jour. de Conch., t. 13, f. 2, 1874, : 89 94. Conus textile, Linn. Quoy, Voy. ‘Astrol. y be 53, f. 16.7 89 95. Conus vicarius, Lam. (= textile). Sowb. , Thes. fie 565, 90 96. Conus scriptus, Sowb. (= textile). Thes. Conch.,f. 563, 90 97. Conus telatus, Reeve (— textile, see Sowb., Thes., f. 584, : 90 98. Conus tigrinus, Sowb. ‘es textile, var.). Thes., f. 569, 90 99. Conus verriculum, Reeve (= textile, var.). ’ Sowb. Thess, £5710," ; P : : : : . 90 PLatTE 380. 100. Conus euetrios, Sowb. (= textile, var.). Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 6, 1882, REAM AG che ein Oly! clartghy ea 150 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. 1b 2 3. 15. 16, 22. 23, 25. Conus archiepiscopus, Hwass (-= textile, var.). Sowb., Thes., £571, . Conus canonicus, Hwass (= textile, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 568, : : ; : 4 Conus Madagascariensis, Sowb. (= textile, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 582, . Conus condensus, Sowb. (= textile, var). Thes. Suppl., t. 287, f. 622, : Conus legatus, ‘Lam. eS textile, var.). Reeve, Conch. Icon., e 85, . Conus Victorize, Reeve = textile, var.) Conch. Icon., a f. 202 a, . Conus complanatus, Sowb. C= textile, var.) Thes. Suppl., t. 289, f. 651, . Conus Prevosti, "Sowb. Zool. Proc.; 1881, t. 56, f. 3, . Conus concatenatus, Kiener. Coq. viv. it. 110, 't Ls . Conus Dalli, Stearns. Cal. Proc., v,'t. 1, Pals . Conus reticulatus, Sowb. (= lucidus, Mawe). Reeve, Icon., f. 52, . Conus abbas, Hwass. Sowhb., Thes. Conch., f. 515, . Conus panniculus, Lam. (— pes Sowb., Thes., f. 574, . Conus corbula, Sowb. ce abbas, var.) Thes. Conch., f. 573, . : Conus Elize, Kiener. Iconog., t. 64, f.1 a, PLATE 31. 17. Conus crocatus, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 588, 589, . Conus ’racemosus, § Sowb. ane Broce 1873, t. 59, £ Mi, Conus omaria, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., a 594, : 21. Conus pennaceus, Born (= omaria). Sowb. , Thes., f. 599, 600, : Conus prielatus, Hwass (=omaria). Sowb. ,Thes. £.595, 24. Conus episcopus, Hwass (— omaria). Sowb. Thes., f..596,.598, : ; : : : ‘ : Conus rubiginosus, Hwass (— one) Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 590, . Conus magnificus, Reeve ( omaria). Sowb., Thes., f. 592, . Conus stellatus, Kiener ree omaria). Teonog.,t. 995.3, . Conus colubrinus, Lam. (—omaria). Kiener, Iconog., ti 8251.3. . Conus -oiRene Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 593, . Conus auratus, Lam. (—aulicus). Thes. Conch. if 591, PAGE. Famiry PLEUROTOMIDE. Shell fusiform, with a more or less produced anterior canal, and a slit or sinus of the outer margin of the aperture near the suture. Operculum (not always present) corneous, annular, the nucleus apical, or subcentral and nearly marginal. Animal with widely separated tentacles, the eyes usually at or near their base ; mantle generally with a sinus on the right margin corresponding with the sinus of the shell; siphon long. Denti- tion: usually there are no central teeth, and the laterals are a single one on either side of the lingual band (1-0-1); but in some groups there is a central tooth, and in others there are two laterals. No jaws. The dentition, however it varies in minor respects, always pre- serves a resemblance to that of the Conide, Terebride and Can- cellariidz sufficient to include it with these in a great group Toxoglossa. The teeth are long, usually subulate, supplied with venom from a large gland (Pl. 33, fig. 52). There is some resemblance in the sinus of the shell between Conus and the principal groups of Pleurotomide ; and even in form, Genotia is connected, through Conorbis, with Conus. On the other hand Pusionella seems to form the connecting link with Terebra, Halia with Cancellaria, ete. In no other group of mollusks is it so difficult to make a satis- factory classification as in the Pleurotomide. The forms are exceedingly numerous, and known in many species to be very variable in their characters, whilst the material for the recognition of most of those described is generally scanty. Of the figured species, a very large proportion were described from single or few specimens,and most cabinets, however large, do not possess shells which can be certainly identified with these: then there is an unusually large proportion (amounting to hundreds) of un- figured species, the recognition of which is simply impossible. The many generic and subgeneric groups that have been made, far from enabling us to arrange the species in something like systematic order, only increase the confusion ; for so great is the variability of all the characters that nearly allied species have 11 (151) 152 PLEUROTOMIDA: been constantly separated into different groups; and of a large proportion of the species, the proper relationships have not and cannot be worked out from accessible material. In no other family of shells have these groups been so hastily proposed or with so little data upon which to found them; yet so generally have they been adopted that to destroy ill-founded groups and unite the species under the one generic name Pleurotoma, would cause such a large duplication of specific names, and consequently so much alteration of these latter, that it appears better, in the interest of science, to retain some of these genera. In the “Structural and Systematic Conchology” I have recorded thirty-three groups, sections or subgenera under the genus Pleurotoma, and without indicating any difference of rank or grade among these; here I shall be compelled to arrange them into subfamilies, genera, subgenera and sections, supplied with characters only exhibited by selected typical species, and even in these of much inferior importance to those upon which similar divisions are founded in most other families of mollusks. The three subfamily characters, the presence or absence of an oper- culum, and the position of the nucleus when the operculum is present, would be far from having similar rank in many other families of marine mollusks; it only needs to refer to the Muricide, Tritonide, etc., where the position of the nucleus is considered of only subgeneric importance ; to the Buccinide, in one genus of which the operculum is indifferently absent or present in the same species. This character becomes of still less value to us because the operculum has so seldom been preserved that in more than half of the species it has neither been figured nor described ; and because there are no other characters from which that of the operculum can be predicated. In “Structural and Systematic Conchology,” vol. ii, p. 50, will be found Dr. Gray’s account of the reproduction of a lost portion of an operculum in Pleurotoma babylonica; the operculum which normally has an apical nucleus, by this restoration having concentric lamellz from the middle. The other systematic characters—the length of the canal, position of the sinus, surface of the embryonic whorls, sculpture, etc.—are equally unreliable. It is not surprising that in groups so vaguely defined the personal equation should be more than PLEUROTOMIDZ. 153 usually apparent in the classification; so that in studying a group of Pleurotoma it is as absolutely necessary to know how each author who has described species as of that group, compre- hended its characters, as it is to refer to the diagnosis itself. The systematic works on the Pleurotomide are few and very incomplete. They include the following monographies :— . Kiener, Iconographie des coquilles vivantes, 27 plates, illus- trating 57 species. Reeve, Monograph of Pleurotoma. Conchologia Iconica, 369 species. Reeve, Monog. of Mangilia. Conch. Icon., 71 species. Weinkauff, in Ktster’s Conchylien Cabinet, 172 species. This work is in course of publication, but no portion of it has ap- peared for a considerable period. Dr. Weinkauff has also catalogued the species of some of the groups in Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malak. Gesell., iv, 1877. The principal classifications of the family are those of— H. and A. Adams, Genera of Recent Mollusca, i, 88, . 1853 Bellardi, Moll. Tert. du Piemonte, pt. 2, . : : adel soit Of) Weinkanff, Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Gesell., iii, 1, . 1876 _ Tryon, Structural and Systematic Goneneiney a ii, 183, . 1883 Fischer, Manuel de Conchyliologie, 589, . : : . 1884 Differing in detail, the three latter are essentially founded upon that of Messrs. Adams. Living species of Pleurotomidz are found in all seas ; never- theless certain groups are restricted in distribution, Pleurotoma being tropical and subtropical, Bela boreal, etc. The family is geologically modern, but was very numerously represented in tertiary beds, particularly those of northern Italy. A Famity PLE UROTOMIDZ. Subfamily Pleurotomine. Operculum oval, with terminal nucleus. Subfamily Clavatuline. Operculum pyriform, with lateral, internal nucleus. Subfamily Mangiliine. No operculum. 154 PLEUROTOMID A, Synopsis of Genera. I. Pleurotomine. Genus PLEUROTOMA, Lamarck, 1799. Shell turriculated, fusiform ; spire long, sharp ; aperture ovate, the columellar margin smooth, the outer lip with a narrow pro- found sinus separated rather distantly from the suture; canal long and narrow, straight, open. Animal, foot truncated anteriorly, obtuse posteriorly ; tentacles cylindrical, with eyes externally near their base; teeth faleiform, angulated (1-0-1). Dentition, Pl. 33, fig. 54. Generally large shells variegated with spots. Inhabiting warm seas. Fossil, tertiary. . Subgenus GEMMULA, Weinkauff, 1875. Shell spindle-like, canal rather long and narrow, sometimes curved ; sinus straight, more or less narrow and long, terminating a nodulous peripheral keel ; embryonal whorls three or four, the two upper ones smooth, upright, the others longitudinally ribbed. Consists of a few species having upright embryonal whorls, these being inclined in Pleurotoma. Genus GENOTIA, H. and A. Adams, 1853. Shell narrowly obconic, cancellated, body-whorl gradually tapering toa but slightly developed canal; lip-sinus wide and shallow; aperture long and narrow, with subparallel margins. Operculum unguiculate. Animal resembling Conus. The name is derived from Génot, by which Adanson called the type species. W. Coast of Africa. Pseudotoma, Dolichotoma, Oligotoma and Rouaultia of Bel- lardi and Cryptoconus, Koenen, are sections containing Huropean tertiary species. Their characters are not important. Genus COLUMBARIUM, E. von Martens, 1881. Shell fusiform, carinated, spiny; embryonic tip of the spire globular ; aperture short, oval ; sinus of the lip scarcely indicated by a slight curve; canal narrow, very long. W. Australia, China, Panama. The group is placed here by von Martens on account PLEUROTOMID2®. 155 of the lingual dentition; conchologically the species belong in Fusus. Genus ANCISTROSYRINX, Dall, 1881. Whorls coneave below the suture; with a wide deep sinus, bordered externally by an elevated frill directed backwards. Operculum and dentition not described. Only a single species known, and its systematic position very uncertain. Genus DRILLIA, Gray, 1838. Shell turriculated, with longitudinal ribs, and usually revolving striz ; last whorl usually short ; spire elevated ; columella with a posterior callus; outer lip thick, but not varicose, nor dentate within, flexuous, with a well-marked posterior sinus near (but not reaching) the suture, and an anterior constriction or sinuosity ; canal short, curved, usually narrow. Principally distinguished from Pleurotoma by the smaller size and short recurved canal. Animal with tentacles approaching at their bases and eyes near their extremities. Distr.— Warm Seas. Fossil, cretaceous, U.S.; miocene, Eur. The following, generally regarded as subgenera, will be treated as sections in this work :— Section CRASSISPIRA, Swainson, 1840. Shell somewhat clavi- form, tuberculated ; anterior canal very short; inner lip witha thick posterior callus ; outer lip thick within. Section Conopieura, Hinds, 1844. Shell coniform; aperture narrow, sinuous ; columellar lip callous, canal very short; outer lip sinuous, with a profound lateral sinus. Section Cravus, Montfort, 1810. Tuberculated or spiny; aperture rather large ; outer lip produced below the sinus. Section Bracuytoma, Swainson, 1840. Shell strombiform ; columellar lip rather thick; outer lip ascending and forming a canal-like sinus near the suture. Genus SPIROTROPIS, Sars., 1878. Shell turriculated, rather thin ; apex obtuse; whorls carinated, sinus profound, distant from the suture. Operculum normal. Dentition (PI. 33, fig. 53) very distinct ; formula 1—1—1-1-l. 156 PLEUROTOMIDA. Genus BELA (Leach), Gray, 1847. Shell usually thin and white, fusiform; spire elongated, turreted; canal short, straight, truncated below; columella simple, flattened ; lip thin, the sinus absent or barely indicated. Operculum oval, pyriform, with apical nucleus. Foot truncated or bilobed in front, drawn out behind; ten- tacles cylindrical, rather short, the eyes external at the middle or three-fourths of their length. Teeth straight (1-0-1); Plate 33, figs. 55, 52. Distr.—Northern Seas. The following may be considered sections :— Section TYPHLOMANGILIA, Sars., 1878. Animal blind. Section HapropieurA, Monterosato, 1883. Shell not turricu- lated, with a few strong longitudinal ribs. Mediterranean. Section EtantontA, Desh., 1862. This eocene group is here included by Dr. Fischer. I have placed it in the family Aplus- tride (S. and S. Conch., ii, 362). Subgenus Benomitra, Fischer, 1882. Shell elongated, with mammillary apex; aperture oblong; lip sinuous, slightly concave towards the suture ; columellar lip with several small but strong plications; canal short. Operculum with apical nucleus. Genus LACHESIS, Risso, 1826. Shell small, strong, turreted, many-whorled, the last whorl not very large; surface sculptured by longitudinal ribs and revolving strive; apex mammillated ; aperture oval; canal very short, straight, not recurved ; outer lip slightly thickened exter- nally, crenated within, without apparent sinus. Operculum unguiculate. Animal with diverging tentacles, short siphon, and short ovate foot; the eyes on stalks connate with, and at half the length of the tentacles. I retain the above name, although previously used by Daudin in reptilia and by Savigny in arachnida. One of its synonyms, Neszea, Risso, was also used by Lamarck for a genus of Polyps, and by Leach in crustacea. On these accounts the group has PLEUROTOMID. 157 been recently rechristened Donovania, but it appears unneces- sary to make any change. Genus BORSONIA, Bellardi, 1846. Shell fusiform, spire elevated ; canal well-marked ; columella with one or two strong plications; sinus of the outer lip not deep, opening in the infrasutural depression of the body-whorl. Abyssal zone, West Indies and Brazil. Fossil, tertiary of Europe and America. Described from a fossil group having a single columellar plait, but Cordiera, Rouault (= Scobinella, Conrad), having two plaits, is usually considered identical, as in examples of some species one or two plaits appear to be indifferently developed. Il. Clavatuline. Genus CLAVATULA, Lamarck, 1801. Shell fusiform, with well-produced spire, the whorls coronated with tubercles or short spines at the suture; aperture oval; columellar lip smooth, arcuate, callous behind; outer lip thin, arcuated, with the sinus situated below the sutural coronal. Operculum semioval, the nucleus about the middle, on the inner side. ' Foot large, short, obtuse behind; eyes placed externally near the extremity of the tentacles. Dentition: a small unicuspid central tooth with single sharp laterals (1-1-1). The species mostly inhabit the west coast of Africa; they also occur in the tertiary of Europe. Subgenus Prerrona, Schumacher, 1817 (Tomella, Swains., 1840). Spire carinated or smooth, whorls not tubercular or spinose ; sinus more or less near the suture. Subgenus CLIONELLA, Gray, 1847. Shell narrowly bucciniform, turriculated, whorls somewhat flattened, longitudinally ribbed, having a thick epidermis ; spire elevated; canal scarcely indicated at the broad base of the aperture; lip with a small infrasutural sinus. Operculum with lateral nucleus. 158 PLEUROTOMID®, Foot short, broad, rounded behind ; eyes near the tips of the tentacles. Dentition (1-1-1), Pl. 33, fig. 58. Supposed to be a fluviatile species, allied to Melanopsis, which it superficially resembles, the marine habitat and family relations of Clionella were first pointed out by Stimpson (Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., xxxvlii, 48; Am. Jour. Conch.,i,62). He unnecessarily made a new family, Clionellid, for it, and for the slightly different type of dentition proposed Tomoglossata. Genus PUSIONELLA, Gray, 1847. Shell fusiform, solid, smooth, shining; whorls numerous; spire sharp; lip without sinus; canal short, exteriorly carinated at the base ; columella twisted anteriorly. Operculum with lateral nucleus. Hyes at the external bases of the tentacles. W. Coast of Africa. The smooth shining whorls and form of the spire resemble Terebra, but the body-whorl is proportionally larger and wider than in that genus, and more contracted below, and the spire is much shorter. Differs from Terebra also in the position of the eyes, which are terminal in the latter. It may readily be dis- tinguished from Clavatula by its smooth surface and the absence of a sinus of the lip. Genus SURCULA, H. and A. Adams, 1853. Shell turriculated, fusiform; spire long; lip-sinus in the infrasutural depression above the peripheral carina ; canal long, slightly bent. Operculum with medio-lateral nucleus. Animal with eyes at the base of the tentacles. Dentition (1-0-1), Pl. 33, fig. 59. Distr.— Warm Eastern Seas. The tertiary groups Clinura, Brocchi (Europe), and Surculites, Conrad (United States), may be here included. Ill. Mangiliine. Genus MANGILIA, Risso, 1826. Dedicated to the Italian naturalist, Mangili. Not Mangelia, as usually written. Shell fusiform, imperforate; aperture oval-elongated, usually PLEUROTOMID®. 159 narrow, terminating in a rather short, truncated canal; lip-sinus near the suture. No operculum. Foot dilated in front, and attenuated behind; eyes placed on peduncles connate with the tentacles, and at about the middle of the latter, and exterior. Teeth hastiform (1-0-1). The animal of Mangilia is slow in its movements. It can sustain itself at the surface of the water, shell downwards. The oviposit consists of membranous hemispherical capsules, having a central opening, ordinarily attached to the interior of old bivalve shells. Each capsule contains from 200 to 300 eggs (Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv). The great number of small species, inhabiting all portions of the globe, which have been referred to Mangilia, may be conve- niently divided into the following sections :— Section MAnGILtIa (restricted). Shell longitudinally costulate ; aperture narrow; lip varicose; sinus well marked; canal short. Section CyrHara, Schum., 1817 (not Klein, 1753 — Harpa. Otocheilus, Conr.; Cytharella, Monteros; Eucithara, Fischer, 1883). Shell Columbelliform, longitudinally costellated ; spire short; aperture narrow; outer lip denticulated within; colu- mellar lip striated. Section CyrHaropsis, A. Adams, 1865 (not Citharopsis, Pease = Columbellide). Whorls of the spire cancellated ; columella sillonated ; canal curved, elongated. Section GiyrHostoma, Gabb, 1872. Shell fusiform; columellar lip plicated throughout ; outer lip thickened, plicate within ; sinus profound ; canal long, somewhat bent. Founded on a West Indian tertiary fossil, but some living species are referred to the group. Genus CLATHURELLA, Carpenter, 1857 (Defrancia, Millet, 1826.) Apex mammillary ; sinus varicose, sutural; columella tubercu- lated posteriorly, rugose in front; canal slightly curved. Den- tition, Pl. 33, figs. 56,57. Defrancia was preoccupied by Bronn fora genus of Polyzoa; but that is said to be a synonym of Pelagia, Lamouroux; so that perhaps it ought to be restored for the mollusks. Clathurella appears to differ from Mangilia prin- cipally in its more rounded whorls, and cancellated sculpture. 160 PLEUROTOMIDZ. It is retained as a genus to prevent the duplication of specific names. Ditoma and Atoma, Bellardi, are groups found in the Italian tertiary which may be here referred. Genus DAPHNELLA, Hinds, 1844. Shell thin, fragile, oval-fusiform; whorls convex ; body-whorl elongated, surface finely cancellated ; aperture oval; lip simple, not varicose, arcuated ; canal very short. Warm Seas. Small and elegant shells, of slight texture, distinguished by their elongated body-whorl, tenuity and sculpture. The following may be considered sections of Daphnella :— Section Rapuitoma, Bellardi, 1847. Shell small, fusiform, or turriculated, with longitudinal sculpture; lip sinuous behind, but without well-defined sinus. There are a number of tertiary species. Section Homotoma, Bellardi, 1875. Whorls canaliculated at the suture. Tertiary only. Section TEREs, Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf., 1882. Shell fusiform ; spire long; sinus profound; columella straight, obliquely trun- cate at the base. Section BELLARDIELLA, Fischer, 1883 (Bellardia, Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf., 1882, non Mayer, 1870). Form lanceolate, similar to that of the true Pleurotomas; sinus sutural; canal rather long. Section Zarra, A. Adams, 1872. Shell acuminately oval, tumid in the middle; whorls longitudinally plicate, the last constricted at the base; aperture linear; inner lip effuse, its margin free; outer lip acute, subsinuous behind, subinflected in the middle. Seminella, Pease, which has by some been considered identical with Zafra, appears to me to be Columbelloid, and I have so treated it in vol. v of this work. Section TuessiA, Jeffreys, 1867. Shell thin, rather smooth, somewhat tumid, with a short spire and irregularly contorted apex ; aperture slightly expanded, the outer lip thin, with distinct sinus ; canal short ; columella simple. Section Taranis, Jeffreys, 1870. Shell minute, cancellated, whorls angulated ; slightly exserted at base ; aperture pyriform; outer lip thin, simple ; sinus obsolete ; canal short. PLEUROTOMIDZ. 161 Section PLEUROTOMELLA, Verrill, 1873. Shell somewhat tur- reted ; apical whorls smooth; the others shouldered and ribbed, but with a smooth concave surface above the shoulder ; lip-sinus wide, very deep; canal short. Animal blind. Section MrrromorpHa, A. Adams, 1865. Shell small, Mitri- form, with revolving lire, and sometimes longitudinally plicate; columella straight, bearing a number of short plice or teeth upon it; lip acute, smooth within, scarcely sinuated posteriorly. California, Japan. This group has sometimes been referred to Mitra (see Manual, iv, 145), but the armament of the columella is not always present, and when it is, it more resembles a set of small callous deposits than revolving plice. Subgenus APHANITOMA, Bellardi, 1875. . Shell fusiform; sinus scarcely apparent; columella nearly straight, biplicate ; canal rather short, slightly curved. Tertiary only. Hurope. Genus HALIA, Risso, 1826. Shell oval-oblong, ventricose, thin, fragile, shining, smooth ; spire obtuse ; aperture oval; columella truncated at the base ; lip simple, arcuated, slightly sinuous. One living species, Atlantic near Cadiz, and N. W. Africa; fossil, a species in the pliocene of N. Italy. The classification of this mollusk has a long and interesting history, which is given with some detail in a paper by Dr. Paul Fischer, entitled “‘ Monographie du genre Halia Risso (Priamus Beck), published in Journal de Conchyl., 2d ser., iii, 141. There was great uncertainty until within comparatively recent times, as te its habitat—whether terrestrial or marine, and the animal remained unknown until 1858. Various ancient authors classed it successively as a Helix, Buccinum, Bulla, Bulimus, Achatina (Lamarck), Cochlicopa (Pfeiffer : Helicidz). In 1838, Deshayes published the genus Priamus, Beck, and made it an operculated marine shell between Buccinum and Struthiolaria; and since that period and up to 1858 the shell has been generally classed in the neighborhood of the Strombs or Buccinide. Hermannsen, in 1846, discovered that Priamus was identical 162 PLEUROTOMA. with a genus described by Risso in 1826, founded upon a tertiary fossil long known to science as Bulla helicoides, and which he called Halia. The animal of Halia possesses a voluminous, much thickened foot, oval-oblong, rounded at the extremities; without operculum ; the mantle is well developed, but thin, its free margin finely papillary, its left margin partially covering, with a duplicature, the columella of the shell; tentacles very large, conical, flattened ; eyes on the tentacles, at about a quarter of their length from the base; siphon well developed; dentition (1-0-1), the teeth or spinules laid diagonally forward from the unarmed central por- tion, to the margin on either side, and the lingual plate being very narrow in proportion to its length (Pl. 33, fig. 51). The fragility of the shell and its rare occurrence caused Fischer to suppose that it inhabits the tranquil depths of the sea, and since his paper the deep-sea explorations have shown that his surmise was correct. The length of the proboscis, the slight development of lingual armor, and the long intestinal canal, indicate an animal phytophagous in habit, or if zoopha- gous, living upon fragile organisms, or those partly decomposed. I. Pleurotomine. 4 Genus PLEUROTOMA, Lam. Typical. Pictz. Shell brown-spotted on the revolving ribs. A. With long, straight canal. P. BABYLONIA, Linn. PI. 1, figs. a—-c, 1,2; Pl. 2, fig. 4. Shell with somewhat angular whorls, caused by the greater prominence of one of the revolving ribs; sculpture large revolvy- ing ribs, with intermediate raised lines; whitish, with large dark brown or nearly black spots upon the ribs. L. 85, diam. 23 mill. Philippines, Moluccas, New Guinea, Timor, Mauritius. In P. spectabilis, Reeve (fig. 2), the canal is shorter, as is also the lip-sinus, and the shell is more or less distinctly fasciate with orange-brown, next the sutures, and also upon the lower part of the body-whorl. The specimens before me indicate a transition from this to the typical form, so that spectabilis can scarcely claim varietal rank. P. venusta, Reeve (PI. 2, fig. 4), described PLEUROTOMA. 163 from a unique specimen in the Cumingian collection, from the Philippines, is also a synonym. P. Garnonsi!, Reeve. PI. 2, fig. 5. Shell narrower than the preceding species, with narrower and sharper revolving ribs; above the sinus these are mostly replaced by several revolving raised lines; whitish or yellowish white, with small brown spots on the principal ribs, larger oblique brown patches below the sutures, and on the body-whorl near the top of the canal—the latter are frequently confluent into a broad, more or less interrupted band. L. 3 inches, diam. ‘8 inch. Red Sea, East Africa, Mauritius, Java. P. babylonia, var. of Kiener — this species. P. Rarrrayi, Tapparone-Canefri. PI. 1, fig. 3. Shell spotted at the sutures, otherwise ornamented with longi- tudinal brown flammules. L. 70, diam. 18 mill. New Guinea. The spots on the ribs have, in this form, coalesced into longi- tudinal stripes. One ofmy specimens of P. Garnonsii exhibits a tendency towards this ornamentation, and I do not think that the present species has much claim to recognition. P. GRANDIS, Gray. PI..1, figs. 6, 7. Whorls not much angulated, with sculpture of many rather small sharp revolving ribs and intermediate raised lines ; yellowish white, numerously spotted with chestnut-brown upon the larger ribs, the spots often coalescing into irregular longi- tudinal stripes. LL. 6 inches, diam. 28 mill. China Sea, Viti Islands. P. crispa, Lam. (fig. 6), can only be considered a younger State of this species, and, of course, has priority of description ; but Gray’s name is so appropriate to the largest species of the genus, and is so well-known, that it had better remain undis- turbed. ee prora, Beck. Pl. 2, fig. 19; Pl. 1, fig. 8. Shell somewhat more carinated than P. grandis, with less numerous ribs, more sparingly painted with brown.spots. L. 93, diam. 20 mill. West Coast of Central America, Gulf of California. 164 PLEUROTOMA. The dimensions are taken from P. Rombergi, Morch (fig. 8), which is merely a larger example of P. picta. P. TigRInA, Lamarck. PI. 2, fig. 10. Shell with sharply carinated whorls, the carina consisting of a pair of narrow ribs; whole surface with close, raised revolving lines, of which two or three below the carina are more prominent ; whitish, minutely numerously brown-spotted, with usually a row of larger spots below the suture. L. 65, diam. 20 mill. Philippines (Cuming), Viti Islands (Garrett). P. JickELI, Weinkauff. PI. 2, fig. 11. Shell less carinated, with more rounded revolving ribs than the preceding species, with large spots at the sutures and smaller ones elsewhere, coalescing into longitudinal streaks. L. 53, diam. 13 mill. Red Sea. A species having no strongly marked characters, and perhaps only a variety of P. Garnonsii, between which and P. tigrina it appears to form a connecting link in its general appearance— although there are minor points of difference from both of them. P. pictuRATA, Weinkauff. PI. 2, fig. 12. Shell bluntly carinated by a pair of approximated revolving ribs, with numerous smaller but unequal ribs; white, with chestnut spots, sometimes coalescing into longitudinal stripes, and a row of larger spots at the suture; the canal is much shorter than in any of the preceding species. lL. 43, diam. 12-14 mill. Indian Ocean. Confounded by Reeve with P. variegata, Kiener. P. VARIEGATA, Kiener. PI. 2, fig. 13. Shell scarcely carinated by a single revolving rib, above and below which are two revolving threads, and then covering the balance of the body-whorl, alternate small ribs and threads, the former spotted with chestnut-brown; canal rather wide, and of - moderate length. L. 82, diam. 22 mill. Indian Ocean, Philippines, Japan. Not so sharply keeled, with shorter, wider canal, and wanting the duplicated keel-rib of P. tigrina; the want of duplication in PLEUROTOMA. 165 the keel-rib, and somewhat larger size and proportionally longer canal will distinguish it from the last species. P. auBIna, Lamarck. PI. 2, fig. 14. Keel-rib flattened, bearing a row of equidistant, somewhat quadrangular brown spots, the rest of the surface very minutely and numerously punctate with brown. L. 58, diam. 15 mill. Moluccas. The conspicuous painting on the slit-band, contrasted with the very minute sprinkling of brown dots elsewhere, is the distinguishing characteristic of this species. P. gRacittima, Weinkauff. PI. 2, fig. 15. Shell spirally ribbed, the second rib from the sutures crenu- lated, the third prominent; white, sparsely maculated with chest- nut. L. 36, diam. 9 mill. Habitat unknown. Distinguished by its narrow, graceful form, and crenulation. P. MARMORATA, Lamarck. PI. 2, figs. 16, 16a, 17. Shell rather sharply carinate on the shoulder, encircled by narrow small, sharp ribs and intermediate raised lines; white, usually thickly maculated in a longitudinal manner with chestnut- brown, sometimes minutely punctate with chestnut. L. 75, diam. 21 mill. Red Sea, Malacca, Japan, Australia, Polynesia. The usual appearance of this species is represented by fig. 16 ; occasionally it is spotted, and sometimes it is entirely devoid of coloring. IL. hastula, Reeve (fig. 17),is the young of this species. P. PEasEANA, Dunker. PI. 2, fig. 18. Shell carinate, with a pair of prominent ribs at the suture and other less prominent ribs and raised lines throughout ; yellowish, flammulate with brown. LL. 25, diam. 7 mill. Indian Ocean. A young shell, which may possibly prove to be identical with P. Garnonsti, Reeve. P. uneDo, Valenciennes. PI. 3, fig. 20. Shell angularly turreted, with concavely sloping shoulders defined by duplicate granular ribs, forming the angle; every- 166 PLEUROTOMA. where encireled by narrow elevated ribs and striz which are often granular or coarsely decussated by rugose growth-lines ; white, clouded and spotted with light chestnut. L. 66, diam. 23 mill. Indian Ocean, Japan. P. unDosA, Lamarck. PI. 3, fig. 21. Spire long; convex; carinated, narrowly ribbed throughout, the ribs with intermediate raised lines; canal short; white, pro- fusely maculated longitudinally with chestnut; aperture purple. L. 64, diam. 20 mill. Indian Ocean, Philippines. The long spire, short canal, profuse maculations and purple aperture are the principal features. P. Guerinil, Duval. Unidentified. Habitat unknown. P. LATERCULATA, Sowerby. Unfigured. China Seas. P. atBuLA, Hutton. Unfigured. New Zealand. B. With short canal. P. CINGULIFERA, Lamarck. PI. 3, fig. 23. Shell rather narrow, with very long spire, and short canal, corded with larger and smaller riblets and raised lines, and very slightly angulated on each whorl by asomewhat larger rib, which is occasionally bipartite ; growth-striz sharp, sometimes decus- sating the smaller spiral ‘lines ; whitish, very closely and finely peppered with chestnut, with chestnut spots on the shoulder-rib. L. 53, diam. 16 mill. Red Sea, Philippines, to Sandwich Islands. P. amicta, E. A. Smith, from the Sandwich Islands, differs apparently only in the coloring; it is unfigured. P. Erytur@a, Jickeli. Pl. 3, fig. 24. Revolving riblets more regular, flatter, and proportionally larger than in the preceding species, chestnut punctations larger and darker-colored, the line of spots on the second rib from the suture being particularly conspicuous; base of aperture violet- tinted. L. 22, diam. 8 mill. Red Sea. Notwithstanding the above distinctive characters, I think this will prove to be a synonym of P. cingulifera. PLEUROTOMA. 167 P. ABBREVIATA, Reeve. PI. 3, fig. 25. Shell rather stout, with a prominent shoulder-keel, composed of two approximate ribs, and less prominent revolving ribs and lines below it, articulated with dark chestnut; above the keel concave, with a strong rounded sutural rib, marked by large dark chestnut spots. L. 33, diam. 12-15 mill. Red Sea, Mauritius, Philippines, Viti Islands. P. usTuLATA, Reeve. PI. 3, fig. 26. Shell short and stout, with channeled sutures and a carination composed of a pair of ribs, above and below which the surface is irregularly lirulate; pale burnt-brown, with transverse chestnut spots, and darker spots on the keel. L. 32, diam. 13 mill. Mauritius. P. PuHtipinert, Tenison-Woods. PI. 34, fig. 82. Shell elongately fusiform, ovate, turreted, rather solid, shining, palé chestnut, at the suture dotted fulvous; spire conical, a little longer than the aperture: whorls nine, convex, sloping, angular above and canaliculate, granular at the angle and sutures; spirally lirate and very finely striate lengthwise; lire broad, rounded ; interstices furnished with two or three lirule; apex acute, nucleus smooth, rounded; aperture widely ovate, labrum acute, sinus broad and deep, lip reflected, white, throat polished, canal short, scarcely recurved. The granules at the angle wide and numerous. L. 34, diam. 15; long. apert. 15, lat. 8 mill. Tasmania. Figured from a specimen kindly sent by Mr. C. E. Beddome. P. virnGINEA, Valenciennes. PI. 34, fig. 80. Shell short, with obtuse canal and spire, with strong revolving ribs ; whitish, maculated and spotted with chestnut. Length, 19 mill. Japan (Schrenck). Peculiar in its stumpy form: it is very different from Clava- tula virginea, Beck. Cingulate. Shell usually brownish or horn-color, unspotted, with strong, sharp revolving ribs. A. With long canal. P. racina, Ads. and Reeve. PI. 3, fig. 22. Shell dark chestnut-brown, with close, equal revolving ribs and narrower equal grooves, aperture purple. Length, 70 mill. 12 China Sea. 168 PLEUROTOMA. / P. CRYPTORRAPHE, Sowb. Pl. 3, figs. 30, 31. Yellowish brown to chestnut-color, with two strong sharp keels, and smaller revolving lines, aperture frequently tinged with purple. L. 70, diam. 18 mill. Philippines, Moluccas. It is the Pl. bicarinatus of Wood, and P. Woodii of Kiener (fig. 31). P. elongata, Gray, is possibly the same. P. Vireo, Lamarck. PI. 3, fig. 32; Pl. 4, figs. 34, 35, 43. Shell ridged and striated, the central ridge forming a carina; usually glossy white, but when covered by its epidermis corneous. L. 100, diam. 28 mill. West Indies. The above measurement is from an unusually large specimen before me. Pl. Antillarum, Crosse (fig. 34), and P. Jelskii, Crosse (fig. 35), are younger examples of the same species, the slight variations shown by the figures being connected with the type form by the series of specimens before me. P. Gruneri, Phil. (fig. 43), may also be referred here. P. Inpica, Deshayes. PI. 6, figs. 82, 80. Shell very like the preceding species, but less distinctly ridged, the shoulder-angle being very slight, and the other revolving ridges very much smaller and closer; yellowish brown, some- times indistinctly marbled or variegated. lL. 80, diam. 22 mill. China. With this species I am compelled to unite P. Deshayesit, Doumet (fig. 80), as I cannot find any goud distinctive characters; the carinations being merely a little less prominent in the latter. Reeve identifies with P. Deshayesti, P. elongata, Gray, a shell described, but not figured, in the Voy. of the Blossom. I can- not agree to this, as the description indicates a shell similar to P. cryptorraphe, Sowb. P. oxyTRopis, Sowb. Pl. 4, figs. 38, 39, 37. Shell horn-colored, with several sharp keels and numerous spiral raised lines, the upper keel the strongest, angulating the whorls, the surface concave above it. L. 45, diam. 16 mill. Panama (to Gulf of California), Japan, China. P. nobilis, Hinds (fig. 39), and probably the unfigured P. albi- carinata, Sowb., are synonyms. The keels are lighter-colored or nearly white on the top, because denuded of epidermis by PLEUROTOMA. . 169 rubbing. P. leucotropis, Adams and Reeve (fig. 37), has no dis- tinctive characters except its different distribution, and may also be united with this species. Sowerby reports it from Mauritius, and its occurrence in the China Sea is well-established ; on the other hand the west coast of America localities of P. oxytropis need confirmation. P. FAscIALIS, Lamarck. PI. 4, fig. 40, 45. Shell concavely shouldered, forming a somewhat babylonic spire, sharply ridged throughout, the two ridges forming the shoulder more prominent; yellowish to brownish, the ridges dark chestnut. L. 50, diam. 18 mill. Philippines ; Red Sea (Issel). P. brevicaudata, Reeve (fig. 45), appears to me to be a juvenile of this species. P. P&Teviana, Weinkauff. PI. 13, fig. 58. Whorls ten, slightly excavated above, girdled by prominent lire ; light violet brown, bilineated with white; aperture purple- brown. Length, 30 mill. Habitat unknown. P. LIRATA, Pease. Shell fusiform, turreted, keeled all over, keels nearly of the same size, and almost equidistant, the keel on the middle of the whorls slightly the largest, the intermediate superfices concave, interstices between the keels finely striate longitudinally ; sinus deep; canal short ; white, keels spotted with reddish brown. L. 35, diam. 12 mill. Isl. Oahu. Is possibly identical with P. Peteliana, but differs in having the keels spotted. I have not seen it, and no figure has been published. The specific name is preoccupied. B. With short canal. P. viouacEA, Hinds. Pl. 4, fig. 42; Pl. 3, figs. 29, 29a. Shell multicarinate, the interstices longitudinally striate ; pale violaceous or whitish, sometimes indistinctly fasciated with a darker color above; columella one- or two-plaited; outer lip acute, crenulated, with a slight sinus. LL. 24, diam. 7 mill. Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Japan, Philippines, New Guinea, New Zealand, Australia. 170 PLEUROTOMA. C. B. Adams changed the name of this species to Reevet because he had previously described a shell under the name of violacea, but as the latter is a Bela, Hinds’ name may stand. P. vertebrata, EH. A. Smith (figs. 29, 29a), is probably synony- mous. P. pEcLIvIs, Martens. PI. 4, fig. 41. Shell multicarinate, the carine stronger and fewer than in the preceding species ; canalsomewhat more produced and narrowed; sinus shallow ; columella not plicate ; color light reddish fulvous. L. 33, diam. 11 mill. Japan. P. r1Losa, Marrat. Shell acuminately turreted; whorls convex, with numerous prominent revolving carinz, the interstices narrow, obliquely longitudinally striated; white, the apex tinged with fuscous; canal very short; sinus ample. (No dimensions.) W. Africa. A white shell, corded with transverse, thread-like bands. The Pl. violacea, Hinds, Pl. crispata, Crist. et Jan., and several others are similarly corded and closely allied shells. The above is an unfigured species, which I have not seen. P. RETUSISPIRATA, E. A. Smith. An unfigured species, L. 7°75, diam. 2°5 mill. Habitat unknown ; it is said to have for its nearest relative ‘““P. violacea, Hinds, from which it differs in form somewhat ; the apex is blunter, and there is but a single nodose liration around the middle of each whorl, whereas Hinds’ species possesses two.” Columella with two minute plications. P. coanaTa, EK. A. Smith. Unfigured. L. 24,diam. 7 mill. Australia. Differs from P. violacea, to which it is closely related in color (being luteous white, purple-tinged towards the apex, the carine white), in the number of carinz, twelve, and more produced spire. “ It is still more nearly allied to P. vallata, Gould, from which it differs only in size and the presence of only one plication on the columella, whereas P. vallata possesses two. It may be merely the adult of the latter species.” PLEUROTOMA. ity gl P. sprrALis, H. A. Smith. PI. 4, fig. 44. Shell fusiform, pallid brown, cingulated with carinz, of which there are about twelve on the body-whorl, subequal, interstices obliquely striate; aperture narrow, collumella blackish brown; canal very short; outer lip thin, with a large sinus. ie idiam. 3 mill. Whydah, W. Africa. “This species belongs to the same group as P. violacea, Hinds.” Does it differ from the West African P. filosa of the same author? P. VALLATA, Gould. Shell small, lanceolate, lurid, with ten shouldered and carinate whorls, with elevated revolving lines—of which there are ten or twelve on the body-whorl; aperture one-third the total length of the shell, narrow; outer lip with a profound, wide sinus; columella smooth. L. 9, diam. 3 mill. Near Hong Kong, 10 fathoms, shelly mud (Stimpson). Unfigured. Said to be allied to P. violacea, and described as a Drillia. P. reciPpRocA, Gould. Shell small, lanceolate, with ten slightly convex whorls bear- ing revolving carinz, of which there are 4-5 on the spire-whorls, and 10-12 on the body-whorl; middle carina stronger, inter- spaces clathrate ; aperture one-fourth the total length, the sinus broad and deep; the canal short, wide and twisted. L. 12, diam. 4 mill. Ousima (Stimpson). Much like the preceding; but the color and relative size of caring are different. Unfigured, and unseen by me. P. suBATA, Hinds. PI. 4, fig. 46. . Whorls with several keels, of which the middle one is the largest, with a beaded row of granules immediately over it; yellowish brown. L. 25, diam. 11 mill. Malacca, China, Australia, P. acutigemmata, E. A. Smith, is an unfigured species, locality unknown. The describer says: ‘“ It is with considerable hesita- tion that I apply a name to this form, on account of its close 172 PLEUROTOMA. relationship with jubata, Hinds. The chief differences are the narrower form, larger tubercles and shorter canal.” As jubata is known to vary considerably in the above characters, acutt- gemmata had better be considered a synonym. P. EMENDATA, Monterosato. PI. 4, fig. 47. Shell brown, the spire-whorls with three cingule and two lire, the last whorl spirally multicingulate and longitudinally lirulate ; suture slightly but distinctly incised; aperture white within, canal short and wide, sinus wide, between the first and second carina. L. 9, diam. 3 mill. Mediterranean Sea; Bay of Biscay, at great depths. Mr. Jeffreys says this species inhabits the Japanese Seas; if so, some of the foregoing species will probably refer to it. Described and figured by Philippi as P. Renieri, Scacchi—an erroneous identification and name changed by Monterosato, as above. P. Niponica, H. A. Smith. PI. 3, fig. 27. Shell light brown, whorls six and a-half, the nucleus large, globose, glassy, whorls strongly keeled, and concave above, with two or three fine spiral lire; also concave below the carina, and encircled on the body-whorl by about ten lirz, becoming finer towards the base, the interstices crossed by elevated, oblique growth-strix ; slit in the concavity above the principal carination; columella a little prominent in the middle and oblique below; canal short, scarcely recurved. L. 7, diam. 2°5 mill. Japan. The oblique incremental striz are flexuous and turned to the right above the carina, and straight, inclined to the left below it. P. triporcaTA, H. A. Smith. Pl. 3, fig. 28. Shell pale brown or luteous, the nuclear whorl globular, glassy, the rest encircled by distinct keels, of which there are three on those of the spire, more numerous on the body-whorl; the inter- stices each latticed by three or four revolving lines and incre- mental strie; notch deep and wide, above the principal keel. L. 14, diam. 4°5 mill. Japan. GEMMULA. Lis P. piFFiciLis, Smith. Pl. 32, fig. 16. About ten rather coarse spiral lire on the last whorl, the sinus above the submedian liration; brownish horn-color. Length, 7 mill. Japan. Subgenus GeMMuLA, Weinkauff. P. speciosa, Reeve. PI. 4, fig. 48. Shell erenulately carinate or ribbed, the principal carina, forming the angle of the whorls, corded, with a sloping shoulder above it; yellowish white, the ribs ochraceous. L. 47, diam. 18 mill. China. P. caninarA, Gray. PI. 4, fig. 49. Shell closely encircled by sharp ribs and intermediate striz, the slit-band a pair of beaded ribs; suture channeled ; yellowish white, chestnut-spotted on the ribs; fissure wide and deep. L. 65, diam. 20 mill. Habitat unknown. P. Kieneri, Doumet, is a synonym. P. Grarret, Weinkauff. PI. 4, fig. 50. Shell brownish, crenulately carinate or cingulate, the ribs lighter-colored, the median carina stronger, with larger crenula- tions; aperture plicate within. L. 20, diam. 6 mill. Viti Islands. Doubtfully distinct from the next species. P. gemMaTA, Hinds. PI. 4, figs. 51, 54. Shell more slender than the preceding species, with a more prominent noduled keel, and spiral lirule; yellowish brown, the keel usually white, sometimes indistinctly brown-banded above and below it. L. 26, diam. 7°5 mill. Red Sea, Japan, Australia (Brazier), Viti Islands (Garrett). Hinds’ locality, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, has not been confirmed. P. monilifera, Pease (fig. 52), is perhaps somewhat stouter, with shorter spire and canal in the examples figured by Weinkauff, but from those before me I am convinced that it passes into the typical gemmata. P. fusca, Hombron et Jacq. (fig. 53), although figured as of a 174 GENOTIA. uniform dark chestnut-color, is nevertheless so close in form and sculpturing that I think it belongs here ; the Japanese shells with light-colored keel referred to fusca by Mr. E. A. Smith are certainly identical with P.gemmata. P. amabilis, Jickeli (fig. 54), from the Red Sea has a sharper carina than,the typical gemmata, and may possibly rank as a variety. P. ARMILLATA, Reeve. PI. 4, fig. 55. Shell pyramidally ovate, somewhat fusiform, whorls keeled, the middle keel transversely beaded ; sinus large and deep ; yellowish white, brown-banded above the keel. L. 19, diam. 8 mill. Philippines (Cuming), Australia (Brazier). A stouter, shorter species than P. gemmata, with the tubercles transverse instead of longitudinal. Unfigured and Unidentified Species of Pleurotoma. (The subgeneric group not ascertained.) P. GRACILLIMA, Carpenter. Bay of Panama. Described from a single specimen, °83 in. long, in the Cuming collection. Weinkauff has subsequently used the same specific name (p. 165). P. caAnpIDA, Jonas. H. and A. Adams’ Genera, i, 88. P. Sancri-JoAnnis, HE. A. Smith. Japan. P. Ne“iia, BE. A. Smith. Mauritius. P. Crytonica, KE. A. Smith. | Ceylon. P. ALBoFASCIATA, E. A. Smith. Sandwich Islands. P. MULTISERIATA, EK. A. Smith. Ceylon, Persian Gulf, China Sea. P. antipopuM, E. A. Smith. New Zealand. Genus GENOTIA, H. and A. Adams. G. Mitrarormis, Wood. PI. 7, figs. 1, 2, 2a. . Periphery noduled, above it the shoulder is sloping, slightly concave, with revolving lines, lightly marked ; below the periphery -decussated by close revolving and somewhat curved growth- lines ; yellowish or orange-brown. LL. 42, diam. 13 mill. W. Africa. = GOLUMBARIUM. 175 Var. PAPALIS, Reeve. Figs. 2, 2a. Shoulder somewhat flatter, nodules more distinct, as are the longitudinal lines or folds, the revolving sculpture scarcely de- cussating them and sometimes obsolete ; sometimes indistinctly banded. L. 47, diam. 16 mill. W. Africa. This is merely a more rugged larger growth of G. Mitre- formis, and its best claim to a separate name is that it has borne one for forty years. G. Luuporrt, Lischke. - Pl. 7, fig. 100. Shell yellowish brown; shoulder concavely flattened, with a crenulated margin next the suture, and a tuberculate periphery ; surface with spiral, white, distant sulci, and incremental striz ; aperture white, LL. 71, diam. 26 mill. Japan. The white revolving sulci on the brownish surface are very distinctive in this species. G. MITRELLA, Dall. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. G. pipimMa, Watson. ; St. Thomas, W. I., 450 fms. G. ENGONTA, Watson. Off Inosima, Japan. G. ATRACTOIDES, Watson. Philippines. The above are all unfigured species, described as Genotiz. Genus COLUMBARIUM, von Martens. Shell fusiform, with the short body-whorl, and long, straight, narrow, nearly closed canal of the typical Fusus; no sinus, except a very slight curve of the marginof the shoulder. Teeth toxoglossate. I feel pretty well satisfied, notwithstanding Schacko’s discovery of toxoglossate dentition in this group, that I was correct in placing the typical species in Fusus; nevertheless I introduce it _ again here, partly in order to dispose of a form described by von Martens and which was published since the issue of the third volume of the ‘‘ Manual.” C. pacopa, Lesson. Manual, vol. iii, p. 51, t. 32, f. 86. This volume, Pl. 7, figs. 98, 97, 99. Fusus Japonicus, Gray, Fusus diadema (Lesson), Sowerby (Pl. 7, fig. 98), and Pleurotoma cedo-nulli, Reeve (fig. 97), are 176 ANCISTROSYRINX, DRILLIA. synonyms. The latter is probably erroneously assigned to Panama, on Cuming’s authority ; itis evidently a young shell, and that Reeve should have placed it in Pleurotoma is suggestive. Japan. Var, SPINICINCTA, von Martens. Fig. 99. Chestnut-brown, surface rougher, whorls 9, instead of 7-8, spines longer, more numerous, with oblique rows of short spines upon the canal. L. 67, diam. (without the spines) 14°5 mill. W. Australia. Genus ANCISTROSYRINX, Dall, 1881. Shell with the posterior surface of the whorls concave, with a broad deep sinus, bordered externally by a pectinated elevated frill, directed backwards. A. ELEGANS, Dall. Shell with the canal about the same length as the spire, acutely tapering before and behind; white; whorls nine, of which two are embryonic; aperture very long and narrow; anterior surface of the whorls everywhere sculptured with even uniform spiral rows of rounded nodules beautifully reticulated by the lines of growth ; one row about the middle of the whorl slightly elevated above the others; carina fringed with delicate triangular points ; posterior surface of the whorls, except for lines of growth, smooth, with one row of nodules just inside the carina; canal straight, columella not thickened, but somewhat twisted anteri- orly, outer lip sharply angulated by the carina. L. 27 mill., of which 12 mill. are behind the carinal notch; max. width, 12 mill.; width of aperture, 4 mill. Defl. 45°. Florida Reefs (Pourtales) ; off Havana (Agassiz). Unfigured. Genus DRILLIA, Gray. Section BracHysToMA, Swainson. A. Alate. D. Stromsorpes, Sowerby. PI. 10, fig. 58. Shell with a sutural band, and oblique longitudinal ribs below the periphery, sculptured by revolving lines, which are some- what granular towards the base of the body-whorl; aperture DRILLIA. 177 somewhat winged ; light yellowish brown, sometimes with a pale band. L. 26, diam. 9°5 mill. Bay of Panama; five fathoms mud (Cuming). D. caAsTANEA, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 18; Pl. 34, fig. 87. Chestnut-brown ; longitudinally plicate, crossed by revolving lines; outer lip somewhat winged. LL. 17, diam. 8 mill. Moluccas (Weinkauff). Reeve’s figure (fig. 18) is of a specimen not adult; I add one from Weinkauff (fig. 87), which scarcely looks like the same species. D. BICANALIFERA, Sowb. PI. 12, fig. 27. Shell with whorls concave and smooth above the periphery, which is angulated, longitudinally ribbed below, ribs small, granular, crossed by revolving striz; lip somewhat winged, with a broad, rounded posterior sinus and a small anterior one; light yellowish brown, Length, 20 mill. Bay of Montija, W. Coast of Central America (Cuming). PD. FLAVIDULA, Lam. PI. 10, figs. 56, 57. Rather thin, turreted, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, crossed by revolving lines ; yellowish white to brown, the lighter-colored specimens sometimes indistinctly broadly fasciated with brown. L. 65, diam. 20 mill. Red Sea, China, Japan. D. zonata, Gray (fig. 57), is a synonym. D. Jerrreysi, E. A. Smith. Subturreted ; whorls thirteen, concave above, convex below, with oblique ribs and revolving lines; luteous, with maculations and dots of purplish brown. lL. 37, diam. 11 mill. Japan. Allied to D. flavidula, but has a shorter aperture, broader canal, and distinct spiral striation upon the concave upper por- tion of the whorls. Unfigured. D. tatisinuata, E. A. Smith. Shell fusiform and turreted; whorls twelve, excavated above, carinated and angulated in the middle, below the angle obliquely plicated; yellowish brown, with white revolving lire; canal moderately long, slightly curved. L. 50,diam. 35 mill. China. 178 DRILLIA. Allied to D. flavidula, Lam. Upper half of each whorl nearly smooth, as the plications extend scarcely beyond the central large spiral liration which marks the angulation of the whorls, Sometimes, this lira being double, the whorls are less acutely. angular. Unfigured. D. stotipA, Hinds. PI. 10, fig. 61. Fusiform, smooth, olive- or horn-brown; whorls depressed above the periphery, below it with short, whitish tubercular ribs ; lip sharp, with broad sinus. IL. 41, diam. 15 mill. Agulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope. D. crENULARIS, Lamarck. Pl. 10, figs. 64, 63, 66, 69; Pl. 32, fig. 38. Abbreviately fusiform, upper portion of whorls slightly con- cave, periphery with the terminations of somewhat distant rounded ribs, separated by about equal interspaces, marked below the periphery by revolving lines, and intermediate fine striz ; canal very short; yellowish brown, with sometimes an obscure chestnut superior band, occasionally maculated with chestnut. lL. 40, diam. 14 mill. Tranquebar, Bombay, Singapore, Australia. Reeve’s figure (fig. 64) is not very characteristic, being taken from a very narrow, worn specimen; his D. Tayloriana (fig. 69) is a better representative of this narrow form. The typical crenularis is well represented by Weinkauff (fig. 38), and with it may be united D. Sumatrensis, Petit (fig. 63), and D. Griffithit, Gray (fig. 66). The species of this group are not readily distinguishable ; the last-named form, for example, connecting closely with D. Strom- boides, Sowb. D. magor, Gray. Pl. 9, fig. 52. Somewhat fusiform, dark brown, transversely marked with white lines; whorls nodulated in the middle, nodules white; aperture oblong, canal a little recurved. LL. 43, diam. 19 mill. Habitat unknown. The figure indicates a species very distinct in form and coloring, yet Reeve says of it: ‘‘ Very closely allied to the Pl. Griffithii ; indeed some authors would account it to be a variety of that species.””, Weinkauff makes it a synonym of D. flavidula. DRILLTA. 179 D. aipposaA, Born. PI. 9, fig. 54. Yellowish white or brownish, usually interruptedly broad- banded above and below the middle of the last whorl; spire turreted, the whorls with a sutural cord, and smooth, slightly concave shoulder, the periphery nodulous with the terminations of oblique, longitudinal ribs, which are crossed by strong revolving lines; labium with a very strong projecting superior callus; outer lip winged, with a second small sinus indicated towards the base. L. 60, diam. 20 mill. West Indies. Allied to D. flavidula, but heavier, with shorter canal, and usually differently colored in having the pair of more or less interrupted, and mostly faint-colored bands. DP. ALABASTER, Reeve. Pl. 11, fig. 78. Shell turreted, snowy white, sometimes faintly rose-tinged ; longitudinally ribbed, with very fine revolving grooves and striz ; somewhat depressed next the suture; sinus broad. Length, 30 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Darnley I, Australia (Brazier). The sculpture is exceedingly delicate, the cross-grooves looking as if they had been graved with an etching point. PeOMRMICATA, Gray. Pl.-11, figs. 82, 91; Pl. 8, fig. 24; Pl. 30, fig. 78. Shell light yellowish brown or yellowish white; with promi- nent, distant ribs, forming a strongly tuberculate shoulder, and revolving striz; sinus produced upwards; inner lip thickened below, forming with the axis a false umbilicus. Length, 1-2 inches. Sierra Leone (Gray); West Indies (Swift). D. Dunkeri, Weinkauff (PI. 8, fig. 24 , is an immature example of this species. D. Saulcydiana, Recluz (fig. 91), varies a little in sometimes possessing a broad indistinct central band of light chestnut ; the shells are adult, although not so large as the type. Of its identity with D. wmbilicata there can be no question. D. Rosacea, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 51. Longitudinally closely ribbed, with fine revolving striz, con- cave and smooth above the periphery; canal very sbort, sinus broad and large; rose-colored throughout. Length, 20 mill. W. Coast of Africa (Maltzan). 180 DRILLIA. D. CAGAYANENSIS, Reeve. Pl. 11, fig. 79. Spire acuminated, whorls strongly angulated at the periphery, ribbed below, the ribs crossed by revolving striz, forming low tubercles ; sinus wide, ascending ; white. Length, 18 mill. Philippines (Cuming). Is very probably identical with D. alabaster, Reeve. D. VARIABILIS, E. A. Smith. Pl. 11, figs. 81, 92. Yellowish brown, sometimes irregularly maculated with chestnut, with chestnut spots on a narrow band below the suture; spire long, turreted ; slightly umbilicated ; sinus large, ascending. Length, 1°25 inches. Andaman Islands. The spire is longer and the color different from D. alabaster, Reeve, but it is very likely a variety of that species. D. ropusta, Hinds. PI. 11, fig. 10. Whorls strongly turreted, the spire exserted, periphery angu- lated and nodulous, with fine revolving striz; sinus large, pro- duced ; yellowish white. Length, 75 ‘inch. Hong Kong, China, sandy mud, 4—7 fms. (Hinds). D. stnuvosa, Gray. Pl. 13, fig. 45. Shell solid, turreted, with a few prominent longitudinal ribs terminating at the periphery, crossed by close, strong striz ; aperture broadly cut out below, with no proper canal; sinus large, ascending. White, or brownish with white ribs, or whitish indistinctly maculated or centrally banded with light brown. Length, 75 inch. Habitat unknown. D. unIMAcULATA, Sowb. PI. 10, fig. 59. Shell less solid than D. gibbosa, without sutural band or spiral strie, the knobs on the periphery rather short, instead of terminating ribs as in D. gibbosa ; yellowish brown, spotted with chestnut, one large spot on the back of the body-whorl. L. 38, diam. 13 mill. ‘ Panama. Very doubtfully admitted as a distinct species from D. gibbosa. D. Sowersyl, Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 67. Turreted, with a nodulous sutural band and nodulous periphery, the latter terminating longitudinal oblique ribs, which are sharply decussated by revolving sculpture ; chestnut-brown. L. 44, diam. 14 mill. China? DRILLIA. 181 This is possibly only a dark-colored, strongly sculptured D. gibbosa. It is P. turricula, Sowb., not Montagu, and P. cor- rugata, Sowb., not Kiener. D. maurA, Sowerby. PI. 10, fig. 70; Pl. 32, fig 43. Shell dark chocolate-color, with oblique longitudinal ribs ; ‘ nodulous at the crossing of raised revolving lines. L. 48, diam. 13 mill. West Columbia (Cuming). D duplicata, Weinkauff (not Sowerby) (Pl. 32, fig. 43), is a synonym. D. miniraris, Hinds. PI. 10, fig. 74. Acuminately turreted, yellowish white, sometimes stained with brown; whorls decussated with nodulous longitudinal ridges, and spiral strie; upper part of the whorls concave, edged with a slightly nodulous keel. L. 43, diam. 12 mill. Veragua, W. Coast of America. Iam not acquainted with this species, but think it probable that it is only a light-colored variety of the preceding one. PD. LANCEOLATA, Reeve. Pl. 10, fig. 65; Pl. 32, fig. 44. Shell orange-brown, the tubercles lighter-colored; spiral strie stronger towards the base of the body-whorl. Length, 53 mill. Japan. Reeve’s figure being from a poor and broken specimen, I add a much finer one from von Martens (fig. 44). It may be distin- guished from its allies mainly by the narrower form. D. inteRRUPTA, Lamarck. PI. 10, figs. 68, 76. Sharply turreted, longitudinally ribbed and spirally striated ; yellowish brown, the ribs reddish brown. Length, 30 mill. Japan. D. seminifera, Gould (fig. 76), is a synonym. D. Dau, Verrill and Smith. Pl. 13, fig. 61. Color brown of various tints, often deep brown, with one or two spiral bands of yellowish brown, and with streaks of light brown, or the ribs maybe pale yellowish brown, aperture brown within, columella whitish in front; notch deep a little belo 182 DRILLIA. suture, usually constricted or almost closed at the edge of the lip, but broadly rounded at the extremity. Length, 19°5 mill. Martha’s Vineyard, 94 to 146 fms. ; off Delaware Bay, 104 fms. Animal and operculum not observed ; the generic position is therefore very uncertain. It is described simply as a Pleu- rotoma. Unfigured Species. D. pyrrua, Watson. (Related to lanceolata, but more stumpy.) Japan. D. steRRHA, Watson. N. Australia. B. Pustonelleformes. These shells are very like Pusionella in form, but differ in the surface and in possessing the normal operculum of Pleurotoma ; they differ also from the typical Drillizw in wanting the callus deposit on the upper portion of the labium. Any one who is fond of minute divisions of the genera has here a chance to distinguish himself by instituting a new subgenus. D. INERMIS, Hinds. PI. 12, figs. 43, 40; Pl. 32, fig. 42. Pinkish ash-colored under a light olivaceous epidermis, the lines of growth, which are sometimes rib-like, oblique and angu- lated at the periphery and lighter-colored, so that the interspaces appear like angulated lines of chestnut or reddish narrow stripes; whole surface covered by close revolving incised lines. L. 38, diam. 13 mill. Southern California, L. California. D. penicillata, Carpenter (fig. 40), described from beach-worn specimens, having the same general form as the above, as well as its peculiar coloring, was supposed to differ principally in having stronger and fewer plications. I can find no good char- acters by which to distinguish it. The shell which Weinkauff figures for D. inermis is not that species. D. 1nctsa, Carpenter. Pl. 12, fig. 41. Shell in general form like the preceding species, but smaller, the whorls somewhat more rounded; cinereous, with reddish chestnut revolving lines. L. 1-13, diam. -4 in. | Puget’s Sound. — DRILLIA. 183 D. CANCELLATA, Carpenter. Shell like a young incisa in form, the spire decorticated, four planate whorls remaining, suture distinct, with about twenty small longitudinal ribs crossed by close revolving striz, cancel- lating the surface, and sometimes the intersections subnodulous. — Puget’s Sound. Two specimens found. I an not acquainted with the species; it has not been figured. D. EBUBNEA, Carpenter. Shell turreted, pinkish white, rather thin, smooth, shining; spire decollated ; nine normal whorls remaining, planate above, appressed above the sutures and medianly concave, with here and there obsolete irregular longitudinal ribs, base prolonged, with a conspicuous, open canal. L. 1°3, diam. *45 mill. Near Gulf of California. Easily recognized by its smooth, glossy aspect and French- white color; the notch lying along a broad spiral channel, which throws the junction of the whorl as it were up the suture. Un- figured and unknown to me. D. m@sta, Carpenter. Pl. 12, fig. 38. Shell dark brown under an olivaceous epidermis, with about ten curved longitudinal ribs, obsoletely nodulous on the periphery, with the whorls usually slightly constricted above it, ribs generally obsolete on the body-whorl of adult specimens; suture narrowly corded, noduled and spotted; aperture choco- late within. L. 30, diam. 10 mill. Southern California, Lower California. D. Torosa, Carpenter. Pl. 14, fig. 93. Whorls with angulated shoulder bearing nodulous termina- tions of about ten short oblique ribs, no spiral sculpture; burnt- brown, under an olivaceous epidermis ; nodules whitish, aperture brown. L. °95, diam. ‘3 inch. Southern California. Var. AURANTIA, Carpenter. Shell orange-colored, sometimes spirally striate. L. *6, diam. °28 inch. 13 184 DRILLIA. D. ErosA, Schrenck. PI. 12, fig. 39. Shell longitudinally ribbed and spirally striated, a riarrow band at the suture; brown, with sometimes a darker band at the suture and another at the base. L. 17, diam. 6 mill. Gulf of Tartary, Japan. D. mpaces, Adams and Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 73. Shell flexuously, narrowly ribbed or plicate, the plicx extend- ing to the suture, but not prominent; yellowish brown. Length, 36 mill. China Sea. This species has not been recognized by any conchologist subsequent to its publication in the Voyage of the Samarang ; it is more like Clionella than any other of the group. D. Nov#-ZELANDIA, Reeve. PI. 12, figs. 44, 42. Shell spirally sulcate and longitudinally striate, the suture slightly impressed, marginate and suberenulate; sinus rather broad and shallow; rose-ash color, purple-rose within the aper- ture. Length, 1 inch. New Zealand. First described by Quoy under the name of rosea (fig. 42)— preoccupied by Sowerby, changed by Deshayes to Quoyt, pre- occupied by Desmoulins. D. piena, EH. A. Smith. Shell ovately fusiform, bluish ash under a thin light olivaceous epidermis ; whorls nine, slightly convex, with 13-14 oblique longitudinal ribs, forming nodules on the periphery ; aperture brown, bifasciate with white, the lip thin, white-margined, with a small sinus; columella callous towards the base; canal rather short and wide. L. 26, diam. 9 mill. California. I am not acquainted with this species; it is unfigured. D. MonTEREYENSIS, Stearns. Pl. 12, fig. 30. Shell similar in form to D. torosa, but smaller, the longitudinal nodules and short ribs number 14 to 15 on each whorl, with rather coarse inconspicuous revolving striz, there are also indistinct puckerings at the suture of the spire-whorls; dark “ DRILLIA. 185 brown, the ribs rubbed white; canal short, sinus of outer lip moderate, rather broadly rounded. UL. 17, diam. 6 mill. Monterey, Cal. Described from a single specimen. I have not seen it, but judging by the description and figure, it differs from D. torosa principally in the greater number of ribs. D. HempPaI.ct, Stearns. Pl. 13, fig. 49. Shell small, slender, polished, with a long spire and short aperture terminating ina short, broad, open canal; horn-colored; there are inconspicuous longitudinal ribs on the spire, which are obsolete on the body-whorl, and an impressed sutural line. L. 6°5, diam. 2°3 inches. Todos Santos Bay, L. California. Section Cravus, Montfort. Distinguished by the short, turreted form, broad base, appear- ing truncated below, tuberculated periphery and want of spiral sculpture. D. EcHINATA, Lam. PI. 9, fig. 31. Shell whitish, with chestnut longitudinal streaks, forming bands interrupted by the ribs, often chestnut-spotted between the tubercles. Length, 2 inches. W. Coast of Africa. PD. AURICULIFERA, Lam. PI. 8, fig. 25. Shell white, with a broad chestnut band below the periphery ; tuberculations of the periphery often long, spinose; usually a revolving row of nodules below the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 1 inch. Philippines. According to Deshayes this is the Strombus lividus, Linn., but the identification remains doubtful. D. EXASPERATA, Reeve. PI. 8, fig. 26. Shell resembling D. auriculifera in general form and coloring, but the tuberculations on the periphery are short and more numerous ; the shell is also usually heavier. Length, 21 mill. Mauritius (Robillard). D. unizonatis, Lamarck. PI. 9, figs. 38, 33,34, 30; Pl. 32, fig. 48. Shell nodosely plicate, smooth, or with a few close revolving lines at the base; whitish or yellowish white, the body-whorl 186 DRILLIA: below the periphery chocolate, sometimes with a white band at the base; interior chocolate, with an irregular white superior band. Length, 22 mill. Viti Islands, Philippines. The synonyms are D. vidualoides, Garrett (fig. 33), including the larger specimens, usually completely chocolate below the periphery; D. vidua, Reeve (= nigrozonata, Weink., fig. 34), in which there is an inferior row of very small tubercles, more or less apparent. D. vidua, Hinds (fig. 30), which Dr. Weinkauff considers a distinct species and refers to the Voy. Sulphur, 60, t. 6, f. 6, for description and figure, is not to be found in that work, and does not differ from the vidua of Reeve. Jam inclined to think P. Beckii of Weinkauff (Pl. 32, fig. 48) belongs here, whatever may be said of the very obscure species figured by Reeve under that name. D. Becxm, Reeve. Pl. 9, fig: 40. Shell oblong, cylindrically attenuated, sharp at the apex; six- angled, whorls longitudinally tuberculated at the angles; the entire shell olive-brown except the tubercles, which are white; columella and interior of the mouth brown; canal very short. Length, 22 mill. I. Luzon, Philippines. If Reeve’s figure of this shell is correct, Dr. Weinkauff’s iden- tification of it (see D. wnizonalis, above) must be erroneous. D. PULCHELLA, Reeve. Pl. 9, figs. 28, 29. Pink, with a chestnut band below the periphery, and a chestnut line, interrupted by the tubercles. Length, 21 mill. Mauritius, Philippines, Cook’s Islands. I think D. bilineata, Reeve (fig. 29), is identical; it appears to differ only in the tuberculations being less sharp and the color not so bright, with a brownish tinge. No locality is given for D. pulchella in the original description. D. LaTA, Hinds. PI. 9, fiz. 32; Pl. 11, fig. 87. Shell smooth, polished; whorls with a strongly tuberculated shoulder, the body-whorl with a second inferior row of small, sometimes obsolete tubercles; white, banded with brown, the band often more or less interrupted. Length, 9-17 mill. Sts. of Macassar, New Guinea, Viti Islands. DRILLIA. 187 D. formosa, Reeve (PI. 11, fig. 87, double natural size), appears to be identical; it comes from the Philippine Islands. D. HEXAGONA, Sowb. PI. 9, fig. 35. Shell sharply pyramidal, reddish brown, whorls hexagonal, very finely striated, ribbed-tuberculated, the ribs six on each whorl; sinus broad. Length, 23 mill. Guacomayo, Central America (Cuming). Dr. Weinkauff’s figure of this species is not at all character- istic, and resembles D. Beckii, Reeve. D. potyGonais, Weinkauff. Pl. 9, fig. 45. Whorls nine, contracted above, convex on the middle, with longitudinal, curved nodulose ribs ; white, with a chestnut band ; canal very short, broadly emarginate at the base. Length, 14 mill. Zanzibar. Said to resemble closely D. unizonalis, but to be much smaller and more slender, with more numerous whorls. D. Aneast, Crosse. Pl. 9, figs. 37, 36, Shell brownish olivaceous, whorls about nine, the embryonal whorls smooth, the others with from seven to ten short longitu- dinal costz forming a tuberculated shoulder, surface often with minute revolving strix ; aperture chestnut-brown. Length, 11-13 mill. Port Jackson, Australia; Tasmania. Having received this species from several collectors and con- chologists I find considerable variation in the number of ribs and in the proportions of the shell, some having a longer spire and narrower form even than the figure of D. Angas, whilst others are short and stout, as in the form called by Crosse D, Beraudiana (tig. 36); sometimes there is a brown band below the middle of the body-whorl. D. mepiocris, Deshayes. PI. 9, fig. 41. Whorls eleven, nodosely plicate in the middle, the body-whorl with revolving striz towards the base; flesh-brown, with a cen- tral interrupted narrow chestnut band, base broadly chestnut- banded. Length, 11 mill. Isl. of Bourbon. Described from a single specimen—which I have not seen. 188 DRILLIA. D. exiaua, Hombr. et Jacq. PI. 9, fig. 39. Shell not adult, composed of seven whorls, brownish, with distant, large white tubercles on the periphery. Length, 10 mill. / Torres Sts., Australia. Described from a single specimen. It may be a young shell of the stumpy form of D. Angasi, Crosse. D. virratTa, Reeve. PI. 9, fig. 44. Whorls slightly concave above the periphery, which is tuber- culate, with two or three inferior rows of smaller tubercles ; yellowish white, with a chestnut band occupying the shoulder of the whorls. Length, 15 mill. Philippines (EK. A. Smith). Mr. Smith changed the name to P. exquisita, on account of Mangilia vittata, Hinds; but as Mangilia is generally regarded as a distinct genus from Drillia, there is no occasion for this. D. coccinaTa, Reeve. Pl. 13, tig. 54; Pl. 30, fig. 85. Whorls smooth or obsoletely striate, concave around the upper part, plicately nodose on the periphery ; pink-white, stained with rose-color between the nodules, and sometimes below them, oceasionally faintly banded with rose on the lower part of the body-whorl. Length, 12-15 mill. West Indies. Occasionally the color varies to a pinkish brown, and I have before me a pure white variety from Yucatan. WD. pulchella, Reeve (p. 186), is very closely allied. D. levisulcata, Maltzan (Pl. 30, fig. 85), from West Africa, agrees with this species except in its color, which is bluish gray. As only dead shells Were found in mud, they were possibly discolored. D. rosolina, Marrat (unfigured), described below, also needs to be compared with coccinata. D. EBUR, Reeve. Pl. 13, fig. 56. Shell white, strongly nodulosely plicate, obsoletely spirally striate; pure white. Length, 17 mill. West Indies. Described by Reeve from specimens in the Cumingian col- lection, without locality. Some of these are before me, and on comparison with shells from St. Thomas and St. Croix, W. I., show no differential characters. The nearest species is D. DRILLIA. 189 coccinata, but that shell is more numerously ribbed and more slender: D. THEA, Dall. PI. 34, fig. 1. Whorls eight, ashy olivaceous, covered with a shiny very thin epidermis, claret-brown within the aperture; with eleven short, oblique, slightly curved ribs, more prominent on the periphery and fading away above it; with evanescent spiral strie, not always visible, and some stronger raised threads towards the base. Length, 15 mill. Sarasota Bay, W. Coast of Florida, on mud-flats between tides (Hemphill). D. rmprEssA, Hinds. PI. 13, fig. 53, magnified. Tuberculately ribbed, ribs oblique, interstices transversely striated, back of the last whorl smooth; pale flesh-color, ribs whitish ; outer lip a little expanded, Length, 9 mill. W. Coast Central America. A species having no very distinctive characters. D. pupica, Hinds. PI. 13, fig. 55. Whorls shortly obliquely ribbed, the ribs obsolete on the back of the last whorl, depressed below the sutures; yellowish brown, with a deep reddish chestnut spot on the back of the body-whorl; canal rather long. Length, 13 mill. West Coust of Central America (Hinds). D. FucaTA, Reeve. PI. 11, figs. 86, 93. Shell obsoletely channeled above the periphery—which is not prominently angulated; longitudinal ribs numerous, rounded, not prominent, not interrupted on the periphery but continuous to the suture; sometimes obsoletely spirally striated; back of body-whorl with a peculiar hump or longitudinal varix ; yellow- ish white, banded and maculated with yellowish or orange-brown. Length, 21 mill. West Indies. D. paria, Reeve (fig. 93), is a synonym; the characteristic broad faint yellowish band is mentioned in the description, although not well indicated in the figure. PD. REGULARIS, Reeve. Pl. 13, fig. 52 (fig. 14 nat. size). Shell somewhat pyramidally ovate; whorls concave round the- 190 DRILLIA, upper part, obliquely regularly ribbed; sinus broad; yellowish white. Length, 12 mill. Habitat unknown, D. RosEA, Sowb. PI. 10, fig. 62. Strongly plicately noduled, concave around the upper part of the whorls; outer lip somewhat wing-like, with a deep posterior sinus and a slight anterior one; pinkish brown, aperture rosy. Length, 26 mill. W. Coast of Central America, D. rosonina, Marrat. Resembles D. rosea, but is obliquely ribbed, closely striated, and uniform rose-color. W. Africa, Unfigured. No dimensions given. D. acuminata, Mighels. Pl. 12, fig. 20; Pl. 32, fig. 41. Shell with a very slight angle on the periphery, with numerous small ribs reaching the suture and terminating at a raised revolving line on the lower part of the body-whorl ; below this line are sometimes revolving strize; livid or chocolate-brown, with a white band at the suture, ribs white, aperture brown. Length, 10 mill. Sandwich Islands ; Indian Ocean (Nevill). D. Marier, Crosse. PI. 13, fig. 73. Shell olivaceous brown, smooth, with a pair of narrow brown revolving lines below the periphery, body-whorl with one or two additional colored lines, situated inferiorly, the base with a few revolving striz. Length, 10 mill. New Caledonia. D. cuavata, Sowb. Pl. 11, fig. 95. Shell with a few strong longitudinal ribs, which surmount the angulated periphery and reach the sutures; no revolving sculp- ture ; outer lip thickened, the sinus large and ascending, aperture truncate below ; whitish, the ribs slightly stained with flesh-color Length, 13 mill. Xipixapt, W. Columbia (Cuming). D. pica, Reeve. Pl. 13, fig. 50. Shell thick; whitish, irregularly variegated with a few large squarish brown spots; upper portion of whorls smooth, concave, below the periphery with numerous narrow ribs ; sinus broad. Philippines (Cuming); Mauritius (Robillard). =| DRILLIA. Lor The following unfigured species are referred by the describers to this section of Drillia; they are all unknown to me, except through the preliminary descriptions. D. MARMARINA, Watson. Off Pernambuco. Obtained by the Challenger Expedition. Said to be allied to D. sacra, Reeve—which does not belong to this section of the genus. : D. ALBOANGULATA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. spinosa, E. A. Smith. (Allied to D. lata, Hinds.) Habitat unknown. D. inTERPUNCTA, E. A. Smith. St. Thomas, W. I. The description applies pretty well to some individuals of D. coccinata, Reeve. D. amanpa, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. Diversa, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. QUADRILIRATA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. InTERSTRIGATA, E. A. Smith. St. Thomas and St. Vincent, WI. D. notrentota, E. A. Smith. Port Elizabeth, So. Africa. D. carrra, E. A. Smith. South Africa. D. corres, E. A. Smith. Philippine Islands. D. BELLULA, E. A. Smith. St. Vincent, W. I. Section CRAsSsISsPIRA, Swainson. D. nupis, Sowerby. PI. 14, figs. 85, 90. Shoulder of the whorls prominently tuberculated, with smaller tubercles below it where the flexuous longitudinal ribs are crossed by coarse revolving lines; above the shoulder the whorls are contracted, and tuberculated at the sutures; chocolate-brown, usually broadly white-banded above the periphery, or the tubercles only white, with sometimes a narrow white band near the base. Length, 25-35 mili. Galapagos Islands (Sowb.); Panama to Mazatlan. D. excentrica, Sowb. (fig. 90), is founded on an abnormal specimen, the last whorls somewhat displaced. D. picirauis, Reeve. Pl. 13, fig. 75. Shell dark chocolate, covered by rows of lighter-colored granu- lations, caused by the decussation of small flexuous rather numerous longitudinal ribs and elevated revolving lines; aperture light chocolate. Length, 20 mill. Philippines, Mauritius. 192 DRILLIA. D. BARKLIENSIS, H. Adams. PI. 13, figs. 70, 71, 77. Whorls granulated minutely, with a tuberculated shoulder; chocolate- or orange-brown, the latter often white-banded above the shoulder, and sometimes with an inferior narrow darker band ; tubercles, and usually the granules, white. Length, 1] inch. Mauritius ; New Caledonia (Souverbie). D. strigata, Sowb. (fig. 71), is a’synonym; as is also D, © Rougeyroni, Souverb, (fig. 77), from New Caledonia, D. Borra#, Valenciennes. PI. 13, fig. 74. Shell ponderous, dark chestnut or chocolate, with a slight shoulder-angle, above which the whorls are slightly concave to a sutural band; below the shoulder with close rude longitudinal ribs, sometimes decussated into nodules by the raised revolving lines; towards the base of the body-whorl the latter remain prominent, whilst the former have vanished. Length, 1°75-2°25 inches. Panama to Mazatlan. This species is usually known as D. incrassata, Sowb., a name which has priority over D. Botte, but was unfortunately pre- viously used by Defrance. D. catLosa, Valenciennes. Pl. 13, figs. 63, 68; Pl. 30, fig. 79. Shell very solid, with a well-defined shoulder, and sulcate space above it; longitudinal ribs low, rounded, closer than in the preceding species, the interspaces being very narrow, crossed by raised revolving lines ; chocolate-colored. Length (decollated), 1°75 inches. West Coast of Africa. Very closely allied to D. Botte. I think D. carbonaria, Reeve (P1. 18, fig. 68), is identical, and very likely the next species also. D. consocrata, E. A. Smith. PI. 30, fig. 81. Whorls doubly carinated at the suture, below which the surface is concave to the periphery ; longitudinal ribs six, strong, crossed by raised revolving lines; yellowish brown. Length, 24 mill. W. Coast of Afroca. The color is lighter and the ribs less numerous than in D. callosa, yet it is probably only a variation of that species. DRILLIA. 193 D. APPELIT, Weinkauff. Pl. 10, fig. 75. Shell narrower than D. callosa, with more numerous ribs and a longer canal ; light ochraceous, indistinctly white-banded. Length, 40 mill. Habitat unknown. D. ruscescens, Gray. PI. 14, figs. 97, 98; Pl. 15, fig. 13. Shell deep chocolate-brown, the longitudinal ribs separated by wider interspaces, crossed by revolving raised lines, forming granules, above the periphery smooth and slightly concave, with a raised line next the suture. Length, 19 mill. Vest Indies. D. solida, Adams, D. cuprea, Reeve (fig. 98), and D. nigres- cens, Gray (PI. 15, fig. 13), are synonyms—the latter described from a small specimen. WD. nigrescens, Adams — nigrescens, Gray, and has priority of publication over that species, as well as fuscescens: I think it better not to disturb the well-known _ name of the species, as Adams’ description was not accompanied by a figure, and could not be positively identified until Adams himself subsequently pointed out that it was the same shell as that figured by Reeve as nigrescens, Gray. D. HARPULARIA, Desmoulins. Pl. 14, fig. 99. Chestnut- or chocolate-color, spire more slenderly elongated ; canal longer and more compressed than the preceding species ; the revolving lines do not form granules on the ribs. ’ Length, 1 inch. Australia. Barely distinguishable from the preceding species with the aid of the different locality. D. Scuininer, Weinkauff. Pl. 12, fig. 28. Strongly ribbed below the periphery, smooth and concave above it, ribs crossed by spiral striz; yellowish brown, with chestnut bands ; canal short and wide, subtruncate. Length, 18 mill. Zanzibar. D. pxrica, Reeve. Pl. 12, fig. 26. Dark shining chocolate-colored ; ribs prominently pointed at the periphery ; sinus broad and large. Length, 18 mill. Habitat unknown. 194 DRILLIA. D. FLAVESCENS, Reeve. PI. 14, fig. 96; Pl. 21, fig. 22. Yellowish olive; sculpture like D. fuscescens, except that there is no revolving line below the sutures. Length, 17 mill. West Indies, The lighter color and want of sutural line are not very good distinguishing characters, and it is probable that this species should be united with D. fuscescens. D. affinis, Gray (Pl. 21, fig. 22), appears to be a synonym. D. Honpurasensis, Reeve. PI. 14, fig. 95. Whorls nodosely ribbed, with revolving strie, and a smooth space below the sutures ; alternately banded with yellow and ash- color. Length, 8 mill. Honduras (Dyson). IT am not acquainted with this little species. The figure is about double the natural size. D. PAXILLUS, Reeve. PI. 14, fig. 92. Shell short and stout, the spire acuminated at the apex ; whorls concave round the top, with a small keel, very closely plicated in the middle, interstices between the folds finely striated, ridged round the base, sinus large; chocolate-brown. Length, 9 mill. Habitat unknown. Notwithstanding some difference in form and the much smaller size I think it very probable that this will prove to be synony- mous with D. fuscescens ; the sinus, however, is said to be large, whereas in the latter it is very small. D. ATERRIMA, Sowerby. PI. 14, figs. 78, 79, 80, 83, 84; Pl. 32) figs. 45, 46. Shell very dark chocolate, with sometimes a narrow white line above the periphery, but this is usually absent ; spire lengthened or short; whorls rudely prominently keeled on the periphery, which is nodulous; below the keel are a few raised revolving lines, occasionally broken up into granules. Length, 15 mill. Panama to Gulf of California. The great variation in the proportions of this shell has caused a number of synonyms to be made, and the confusion has doubt- less been increased by the uncharacteristic figure given by Reeve (fig. 79). Tadd better illustrations from Weinkauff’s monograph DRILLIA. 195 (Pl. 32, figs. 45,46). D. atrior, C. B. Adams, D. discors, Sowb. (Pl. 14, fig. 80), a variety with elevated spire, and strong nodules on the periphery, D. Melchersi, Menke (fig. 83), D. rustica, Carpenter, and D. zonulata, Reeve (fig. 84), are synonyms. In the latter, which may be considered a variety, there is a narrow yellowish band, and the revolving ridges are more prominent than in the type; it is Pl. cincta, Sowerby, not Lamarck. In D. cerithoidea, Carpenter, and its synonym, D. maura, Kiener, not Sowerby (PI. 14, fig. 78), the spire is somewhat exserted, an accidental variation which occasionally obtains in most species having a raised spire. D. quADRIFASCIATA, Gray. Pl. 14, fig. 82. Shell pyramidal, whoris encircled with a single keel above and below, longitudinally closely ridged in the middle ; keels whitish, middle of the whorls bluish brown, ridges whitish; aperture small; canal very short. Length, 11 mill. Habitat unknown. Iam not acquainted with this species. The figure is about double the natural size. D. pARDALIS, Hinds. PI. 14, fig. 81. Shell longitudinally ribbed, ribs curved, interstices with fine revolving striz; lip crenulated within; chocolate-brown, ribs conspicuously fulvous yellow. Length, 15 mill. Gulf of Nicoya, W. Coast Central America. D. tuctuosa, Hinds. PI. 14, fig. 86. Shell solid, dark chocolate-color, with very fine revolving striz, Searcely apparent without a glass, and a single row of minute tubercles on the periphery, which also appears on the spire- whorls; no longitudinal ribs. Mazatlan to San Pedro, Cal. The locality “ Bay of Guayaquil” given by Hinds, needs con- firmation. D. scaraBzus, Reeve. Pl. 14, fig. 87. Shell stouily ovate, spire short, apex raised, smooth, spire obsoletely hexagonal towards the apex; dark chestnut-brown, last whorl encircled with a narrow yellowish zone; apex white. Length, 11 mill. Honduras (Dyson). I do not know this shell. 196 DRILLIA. D. NIGERRIMA, Sowb. PI. 14, figs. 91, 89, 88, 94. Shell very dark chocolate; whorls longitudinally ribbed, the ribs terminating on a nodulous periphery, above which the sur- face is smooth and slightly concave, lower portion of body-whorl with revolving strie. Length, 22 mill. Panama to Mazatlan. D. cornuta, Sowb., is founded upon a specimen in which the callous deposit at the top of the aperture is very thick. D. uni- color, Sowb. (fig. 89), D. rustica, Sowb. (fig. 88), D. tiarella, Kiener (Pl. 32, fig. 19), D. rugifera, Sowb. (Pl. 12, fig. 22), and probably D. Hanleyi, Carpenter (described from a single im- mature specimen ), are identical. Var. HARFORDIANA, Reeve. Pl. 14, fig. 94. Whorls with a narrow yellowish band on the periphery. JD. obvellata, Carpenter, described from a single young shell, is probably equivalent to this variety. D. sicotor, Sowerby. Pl. 14, fig. 100. Shell chocolate-brown, with a yellowish band just below the periphery; sculpture as in other species of this group. Length, 20 mill. Panama; Galapagos Islands. D. GRANULOSA, Sowerby. PI. 14, fig. 1. Whorls concave and smooth above the periphery, ribbed below it, ribs crossed by fine granulated revolving lines; light yellowish or pinkish brown. Length, °75 inch. Panama, Bay of Montija. D. pALLIDA, Sowerby. Pl. 14, fig. 8. Ribs deflected at the periphery but continuous to the suture, sharp and rather close, interstices with fine revolving striae ; sinus broad and deep; canal very short, a little recurved; white. Length, 20-30 mill. Panama. 1). geerA, Lamarek..- Pl. 14, figs: 2, 6,5,411,,12; 7%, 105" Ply oe figs. 15, 18. Shell orange-, chestnut- or chocolate-color, the duplicate rows of tubercles on the periphery white, with frequently one or two inferior white bands on the tubercles of the lower part of the body-whorl. Length, 20 mill. West Indies. A very common species, referred by Kiener to Mauritius, and DRILLIA. 197 by Weinkauff to E. Africa, possibly through mistaking for it poor examples of D. Barkliensis. Weinkauff attempts to sepa- rate Kiener’s figure of D. zebra from that given by Reeve, and refers the latter, as a synonym, to D. ornata, d’Orb.; but Kiener’s figure represents the ordinary West Indian form quite as well as does that of Reeve. There are a number of synonyms: D, albinodata, Reeve (fig. 5), having the periphery more sharply angulated than usual, the figure magnified, D. albocincta, C. B. Adams, D. albomaculata, d’Orb. (fig. 11), which E. A. Smith changed to D. albopustulata, under the impression that the species (above mentioned) described by C. B. Adams, bore the same name as d’Orbigny’s, D. ornata,d Orb. (fig. 12), D. zebroides, Weinkauff (fig. 15), D. pulehra, Gray (fig. 18, magn. 2), D. Jayana, C. B. Adams, D. cinerea, Weink. (fig. 10), D. collaris, Sowb. (fig. 7). As will be seen from a comparison of the above figures D. zebra is a very variable species; one of its extreme forms may be separated as Var. LEUCOCYMA, Dall. Pl. 34, fig. 2. Compared with albomaculata, d’Orb., it is more slender, with the periphery-angle bearing a pair of close revolving ribs, more conspicuous than the rest of the spiral sculpture and tipped with white where crossing the longitudinal ribs. Sarasota Bay, W. Fla. In the typical albomaculata the coloring is similar, but a single broader rib revolves at the periphery; in some specimens, how- ever, there is a more or less distinct impressed line on the middle of the rib, so approximating it to this variety. D. OSTREARUM, Stearns. PI. 34, fig. 79. Concavely, rather narrowly shouldered, with a thread-like raised line at the suture, closely longitudinally ribbed below the periphery, decussated by raised revolving lines; dingy yellow to purplish black. Length, 16 mill. W. Coast of Florida (on oysters). Figured for the first time, from a specimen in Coll. Acad. Philad. D. cANCELLATA, Gray. Pl. 15, fig. 19. Whorls keeled at the upper part, transversely very finely 198 DRILIIA. ridged, ridges cancellated with longitudinal strie; aperture small; jet-black, ridges dirty white. Length, 10 mill. St. Vincent, W. I. (Guilding). Ido not know this species; the figure is about double the natural size. DD: Dysonr, Reeve. Pl'14, fig. 3. Chestnut-brown, upper part of whorls here and there inter- ruptedly white-banded. Length, 21 mill. Honduras (Dyson), Shell with stronger keel, lighter and more inflated than D. Juscescens; differing also in having a broad sinus and scarcely any canal. J have not seen it. D. Lysrp1a, Duclos. Pl. 14, fig. 4. Shell smooth and white above the periphery, below it with narrow white ribs upon a rose-red ground, connecting below with revolving rows of white tubercles. Length, 12 mill. Habitat unknown. Figured, but not described, as a Columbella. D. LAMBERTI, Montrouzier. Pl. 13, fig. 76. Shell yellowish brown, with a central reddish chestnut band, filled with a double series of revolving white-tipped tubercles ; below this, on the body-whorl, is a second narrower band, bearing a single series of small white tubercles, and a brown line and spots at the base. Length 10 mill. N. Caledonia. D. MucronaTA, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 14. Shell acuminately pyramidal, whorls somewhat obscurely plicately ribbed, ribs nodulous, aperture short; brown, middle row of nodules whitish. Length, 8 mill. Habitat unknown. Described from a single shell having no well-marked characters ; it may be a variety of D. fuscescens. D. CLIONELLZFORMIS, Weinkauff. Pl. 15, fig. 16. Yellowish, longitudinally plicate, the plicaze whitish, closely covered by revolving lines; whorls contracted and unilirate at the suture. Length, 22 mill. Habitat unknown. DRILLIA. 199 D. CANTHARIS, Reeve. Pl. 15, fig. 22. Shell thick, solid, smooth; whorls oblique, nodosely plicated round the middle; sinus rather large; very dark brown, nodules whitish. Length, 11 mill. Philippines. Evidently described from a stunted specimen. The figure is double the natural size. D. niTipA, Kiener. Pl. 15, fig. 20. Shell ovate, rather stout, smooth, shining; yellowish, painted with brown revolving lines, rose-tinted at the apex ; upper whorls of the spire delicately plaited; lip simple, contracted in the middle. Length, 10 mill. Habitat unknown. D. ruBietINosA, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 17. Whorls six, somewhat rounded, with revolving striz; reddish brown. Length 7°5 mill. Straits of Malacca, in mud, 17 fms. (Hinds). This and the preceding species are aberrant forms of the group Crassispira. D. MAraAvianaé, Bivona. PI. 8, fig. 12. Whorls usually somewhat round-shouldered, shell finely flexuously longitudinally plicate, plicze about twenty ; lip usually externally varicose, sinus wide; yellowish- or reddish-brown, shining, sometimes banded. Length, 12 mill. Mediterranean Sea, Bay'of Biscay. The synonymy includes Fusus semicostatus, Cantraine, Pl. incrassata, Dujardin, Pl. crebricostata, Hinds, Pl. incisa, Reeve (figured), Pl. elegans, Scacchi. The following are unfigured species of the Crassispirz, which I am unable to arrange. D. microstoMaA, E. A. Smith. Ceylon. D. MELANACME, E. A. Smith (? = young D. zebra). St. Vincent, W. TI. D. uatizonata, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. Carissa, EK. A. Smith. Cuba. D. ATRAMENTOSA, E. A. Smith. (Near P. discers, Sowb.) Panama. 14 200 DRILLIA. D. FLAVOCARINATA, E. A. Smith. (Sculpture like dzscors.) Panama. D. nopata, C. B. Adams. Jamaica. D. ctimacota, Watson. Tongatabu. Section Dritita (typical). The sections of Drillia are all artificial and unsatisfactory— this more so than the preceding ones, as it merely includes those species which cannot be properly placed under the foregoing groups. Some of them resemble the Alatz so closely that they might almost as well go into that group, others are only distin- guished from the section Clavus by the presence of spiral sculp- ture, whilst others again can only be separated from Crassispira by arbitrarily fixing the precise degree of solidity necessary to enter that group. The great confusion which reigns regarding the synonymy and mutual relations of the Pleurotomide forbids anything approaching a definite arrangement of the species at present; indeed the material is absolutely insufficient. My present essay towards a natural grouping of the species will, I hope, pave the way for better work hereafter. In no other group of the family have the results of my studies been so unsatisfactory as in the one now to be considered. D. sPLENDIDULA, Sowb. PI. 10, fig. 72. Whorls smooth, longitudinally ribbed below the tuberculate periphery, tubercles and ribs slight, the latter curved, and white upon a brownish rose-colored surface. Length, 28 mill. Galapagos Jslands. D. specTRUM, Reeve. Pl. 11, fig 83. Snowy white, the nodules tinged with light brown; sinus broad and shallow, not produced ; outer lip sharp. Length, 17:5 mill. Philippines (Cuming). A pale, obliquely ribbed species, rather thin. D. PUTILLUS, Reeve. PI. 11, figs. 85, 97. Yellowish white, chestnut-tinted between the slight longi- tudinal ribs; the tuberculate periphery forms a strong angle on the whorls; lip simple, thin, sinus broad and shallow. Length, 15 mill. Philippines, 15 fathoms, coarse sand (Cuming) ; N. Australia (Brazier); China Sea (Ads. and Reeve). DRILLIA. 201 D. albicincta, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 97), is a more highly colored adult, with the peripheral row of tubercles whitish; I find no other difference. D. reGIA, Beck. Pl. 11, fig. 80. Periphery with a double row of nodules, the whorls smooth above and granulated below it; sinus small; whitish maculated with chestnut. Length, 25-35 mill. Amboina, Moluccas. D. Stvensis, Hinds. Pl. 11, figs. 84, 94,5, 6,9; Pl. 12, fig. 11. Whorls numerous, convex, slightly angulated and noduled on the periphery, flexuously longitudinally ribbed below and cancel- lated by raised revolving lines; suture bordered by an obliquely nodulous band; yellowish or flesh-brown, sometimes narrowly dark-banded at the suture and base; interior yellowish. Length, 1 inch. New Guinea, Straits of Macassar, China Sea (Hinds) ; Philip- pines (Dunker); Japan (Dunker); Australia (Angas, Brazier, etc. ). Weinkauft’s figure of this species scarcely represents it. The synonyms are D. intertincta, E. A. Smith (fig. 94); D. Metcalfei, Angas (fig. 5); D. consimilis, E. A. Smith (fig. 11); D. Coat, Angas (fig. 6); D. spicata, Hinds (fig. 9). D. sacra, Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 89. Shell rather solid, somewhat gibbous towards the base; whorls depressed above the nodulous periphery, longitudinally granosely ribbed below it, with minute revolving ridges ; canal very short; sinus broad; yellowish white, the last whorl with a central light chestnut band. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Closely allied to the last species in form, but differs in the better developed ribs and in coloration. D. PERADMIRABILIS, HE. A. Smith. PI. 11, fig. 96. Yellowish white, stained with brown beneath the suture, brown- banded on the middle of the body-whorl, irregularly spotted and dotted with a lighter tint over the rest of the surface, but leaving a narrow, plain white zone on the periphery and another just below the brown band; whorls obliquely plicated, with close revolving lirz finely granulated, and separated by deep-cut striz. Length, 23 mill. Japan. 202 DRILLIA. D. INTERMACULATA, EK. A. Smith. PI. 11, fig. 90. Shell shining, subpellucid, white, with four revolving series of brownish yellow dots between the ribs on the body-whorl, and two on those of the spire; ribs slight, no revolving strie. Length, 10 mill. Japan. D. rLAvonopuLosa, E. A. Smith. Pl. 11, fig. 99. Solid, pale fleshy white, with two narrow reddish brown bands ; coarsely longitudinally ribbed, and spirally lirate, lire of ir- regular sizes, some of them nodulous. Length, 9°5 mill. Japan. D. Japonica, Lischke. Pl. 11, fig. 88. Spire elevated, acute, with a ridge below the sutures; longi- tudinal ribs about eight, rounded, oblique, crossed by close strong striz, and terminating above on the periphery ; yellowish brown with two chestnut bands, or the lower one broader so as to cover the lower portion of the body-whorl ; sinus small, but rather deep. Length, 1 inch. Japan, Hong Kong. A fine specimen before me has two decided varices on the body and one on the penultimate whorl. The original specimens were imperfect and figures have been published by E. A. Smith and Weinkauff (figured), the former from a worn and rather unchar- acteristic specimen, the latter excellent. Weinkauff considers the unfigured D. latifasciata, Sowb., a synonym. D. RARICOSTATA, Smith. Pl. 11, fig. 2 Shell horny brown, the whorls excavated above and somewhat margined at the suture, with a few strong, oblique ribs, termi- nating above at the periphery, last whorl obliquely grooved at the base. Length, 10 mill. Japan. D. tonetsprra, E. A. Smith. Pl. 11, fig. 3. Whorls with six longitudinal ribs, oblique, subnodulous on the periphery, which they surmount, but do not reach the suture, spirally striated; whitish, with two bands of chestnut spots between the ribs on the spire-whorls, and a third band in addition upon the lower part of the eo) -whorl. Length, 16°5 mill. Japan. DRILLIA. 203 D. numitts, EK. A. Smith. Pl. 11, fig. 4. Whorls strongly excavated above, with granules beneath the suture, periphery nodulous, below which are nine oblique longi-e tudinal ribs, the body-whorl is striate towards the base only; yellowish brown, with a rather broad chocolate central band, ribs tipped with white. Length, 9 mill. Japan. Said to resemble a dwarfed D. obliquata, Reeve, but has fewer volutions and the apical ones much larger, the form is less robust and the coloring is different in detail. D. opriquata, Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 1 (2). Yellowish brown, within and without, with a narrow lighter band on the periphery, and sometimes a row of white dots on the ribs a little below the middle of the body-whorl; a few revolving striz at the base. Length, 14 mill. Persian Gulf, Ceylon, Singapore, Japan. D. suBOBLIQUATA, Smith. PI. 11, fig. 100. Shell horny brown, with a narrow white band at the periphery, and a second subinterrupted one on the body-whorl below the middle. Length, 18 mill. Japan. More slender than D. obliquata, the upper concave portion of the whorls narrower, the costz more numerous, crossed by revolving striz (wanting in D. obliquata), the basal canal broader. D. canvEns, E. A. Smith. Pl. 11, fig. 8. White, shining, subpellucid; whorls eight, nuclear smooth, normal ones obliquely ribbed, with here and there fine spiral strie requiring a glass to make them out; lower part of body- whorl obliquely grooved ; sinus very wide and deep. Length, 12 mill. Japan. D. DENSEPLICATA, Dunker. PI. 11, fig. 7. Shell yellowish brown, the whorls strongly shouldered and closely ribbed, crossed by larger and smaller revolving striz; lip thick, subsuleate within ; sinus rather deep. Length, 13 mill. Bass Straits. 204 DRILLIA. D. opLiquicosTaTA, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 12. Longitudinal ribs oblique, narrow, a little waved, obtusely pointed on the periphery ; a few revolving striae at the base of the body-whorl; yellowish white, spotted and maculated with chestnut. Length, 16 mill. Habitat unknown. A species which evidently has no especial characteristics. I am not acquainted with it. D. crocaTa, Reeve. Pl. 12, fig. 13. Shell pyramidally oblong, transversely elevately striated, longitudinally ribbed, last whorl furnished with a small gibbous tubercle, canal very short, aperture short, sinus broad, large; whitish, covered with a saffron-olive epidermis. Length, °8 inch. Habitat unknown. This shell is unknown to me, but appears closely related to D. Sinensis, Hinds. Mery Pros D. aquatiuis, Reeve. Pl. 12, fig. 16. Shell ovately turreted, solid, spire acuminated, whorls smooth, depressed round the upper part, obliquely plicately tubercled ; canal very short, sinus large; ivory-white, painted with bands of extremely fine pale horny brown waved lines. Length, °75 inch. Habitat unknown. D. patnriatTa, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 15. Shell ovately oblong, whorls rather convex, transversely very finely closely striated, encircled with a single row of conspicuous rather elevated granules; canal very short; whitish, covered with a pale fulvous epidermis. Length, 13°5 mill. Habitat unknown. D. EXARATA, Reeve. Pl. 12, fig. 14. Shell granose at the intersection of longitudinal and revolving sculpture, the granules taking a spiral direction, minutely noduled on the periphery; canal very short, truncated, sinus large; pale fulvous color, brown-dotted between the ribs. Length, 13°5 mill. Habitat unknown. a DRILLIA. 205 D. varicosa, Reeve. Pl. 12, fig. 17. Whorls smooth near the suture, longitudinally ribbed below, ‘with large rude scattered varices, sinus broad and rather deep; ribs grayish on a darker surface, sometimes entirely brown. Length, 1 inch. Philippines, Australia. Notwithstanding some differences in the descriptions, I think it probable that this species is identical with D. Japonica, Lischke; if so, the latter name will become a synonym. D. ALBIcosTATA, Sowb. PI. 13, fig. 57. Rose-colored, the longitudinal ribs white, close-set, no spiral sculpture ; aperture callous above; sinus rather deep. Length, 22 mill. Galapagos Islands. D. Sotomonensts, E. A. Smith. PI. 12, fig. 23. Differs from D. varicosa in being narrower, with angulated ribs, longer and narrower aperture and canal, and in color, having dark brown stripes between the ribs, and a series of brown spots on an infrasutural keel. Length, 23 mill. Solomon’s Isles (Brazier). Sometimes slightly varicose. D. pyRAMIDATA, Kiener. PI. 12, fig. 34; Pl. 13, fig. 67. Shell Cerithiiform, strongly corded on the periphery, smooth above it, except a narrow granulated sutural band, below with oblique slight ribs and revolving striz ; chocolate, the peripheral and sutural nodes whitish ; interior chocolate, with a white band. Length, 1 inch. W. Africa. D. opetiscus, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 21. - Shell stouter than the preceding species, lower portion of the last whorl granosely ridged; canal short; sinus large ; whitish, covered with a yellowish olive epidermis. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. I have not seen this species. D. Wiimeri, E. A. Smith. Pl. 12, fig. 24. Sharply keeled and noduled on the periphery, with revolving striz below it, stronger towards the base; whitish, stained with 206 DRILLIA. chestnut at the apex and on the lower part of the body-whorl, a row of chestnut dots between the nodules of the periphery. Length, 16 mill. Andaman Islands. DPD, Trami, Hutton. Pl. 34; fg. 90; Pl 12, fig.3i: Spire acute, with broad, shallow, spiral grooves, and promi- nent transverse ribs on the central and anterior portions of the whorls; posterior margin, near the suture flat; aperture oval, canal short; yellowish brown or chestnut-color; body-whorl shorter than the spire. Length, 11 inches. Stewart Island, N. Zealand, 24 fms. (Hutton) ; New South Wales (Angas). Figured from a specimen sent to me by Prof. Hutton. D. zmula, Angas (PI. 12, fig. 37), is identical. D. Lavra; Pease, »Pl.12) fis. 3st. Periphery nodose, nodules rather prominent, longitudinally disposed, surface concave above ; canal short, open; sinus broad and deep; yellowish chestnut, with a white band on the periphery and ared chestnut line running on the middle of it, one or two narrow white bands below on the body-whorl, each indistinctly narrowly bordered with red chestnut on either side. Length, 9 mill. Viti and Paumotus Is. D. exiuis, Pease. Pl. 15, fig 25; Pl. 12, fig. 32. Whorls nearly plane, longitudinally plicately ribbed, the ribs small and close, descending from the sutures; aperture very short ; canal short and open; reddish chestnut, the ribs whitish, with a dark band below the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 5°5 mill. Viti, Cook’s and Paumotus Isles. D. pusilla, Garrett (Pl. 12, fig. 32), is a synonym. D. pyem@A, Dunker. PI. 34, fig. 89. Shell stouter, the spire shorter, more convex and obtuse than in the preceding species, the whorls not constricted above; sculpture and coloring same as in D. ewilis. Viti Islands. Although remarkably similar to D. exilis, the form will, on eomparison, readily distinguish it. DRILLIA. 207 D. PaPILLosa, Garrett. Pl. 12, fig. 33. Whorls eight, slightly constricted round the upper portion, covered by large rounded granules; base contracted, spirally ridged; canal short, obtuse; sinus large, deep and rounded ; yellowish white, with three obscure light chestnut bands on the body-whorl. Length, 6 mill, Viti Islands. D. MINUTISSIMA, Garrett, Pl. 12, fig. 29. Shell minute, solid; whorls six, the spire moderate, covered with close granules formed by revolving lines decussating low longitudinal ribs; aperture truncated below; sinus large; red- dish brown. Length, 2 mill. Viti Islands. D. SUBAURIFORMIS, E. A. Smith. Pl. 12, fig. 35. Whorls well rounded, sometimes slightly angulated on the periphery, spire rather long, acute; obliquely longitudinally closely costate, crossed by spiral lire, the intersections becoming subgranulous; spiral liree more conspicuous at the base; lip thickened without, lirate or dentate within ; sinus wide; yellowish white, brown-banded at the suture, and lower part of the body- whorl similarly colored. Length, 9°5-12°5 mill. Japan. DPD. rexta, Dunker. . Pl. 9, fig. 42. Shell small, with close ribs and revolving striw; suture pro- found ; aperture slightly coarctate, outer lip thickened, sulcate within ; sinus wide ; yellowish brown, with a chestnut band below the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 8 mill. Japan. Perhaps a variety of the preceding species. D. FORTILIRATA, H A. Smith. Pl. 12, fig. 36. ° Whorls twelve, slightly convex, with ten or eleven coarse oblique ribs crossed by very prominent spiral lire, forming com- pressed large nodules; below the middle of the body-whorl the ribs become evanescent and the spiral sculpture finer and closer; sinus small; horny or dirty white, aperture horn-colored, some- . times slightly lirate within the outer lip. Length, 14 mill. Japan. D. Moquiniana, Montrouzier. PI. 9, fig. 43. Shell with flattened whorls, obliquely longitudinally costate, the costz fading towards the upper part and base of the body- 208 DRILLIA. whorl, with close revolving lines ; sinus moderate and rounded ; canal very short, recurved ; color yellowish white, marked with chestnut, and with also’scarcely apparent lines of chestnut. Length, 12 mill. New Caledonia. D. TRIPTER, von Maltzan. PI. 30, fig. 80. Light violaceous; sinus wide and shallow. Length, 23 mill. W. Coast of Africa. D. BALLISTA, von Maltzan. PI. 30, fig. 90. Wax-yellow ; narrowly sinuate, sinus pretty deep. Length, 18°5 mill. W. Coast of Africa. D. Bucuanant, Hutton. Shell fusiform, elongated ; spire acute; periphery angulated, above it the whorls are concave and smooth, with a slight ridge at the suture, below the angle with oblique ribs and spiral striz ; aperture oval, canal produced ; body-whorl longer than the spire; light rosy, fuscous between the ribs. Length, 21 mill. New Zealand. First described by Hutton as a tertiary fossil; afterwards by E. A. Smith, from recent specimens, under the name of D. maorum. Not figured. D. AwamoaEnsis, Hutton. PI. 12, fig. 25. Shell small, thin, turreted, yellowish white; whorls eight-and- a-half, the first ones smooth and convex, afterwards slightly carinated ; longitudinally finely ribbed, and spirally lirate ; upper part of whorls not concave; canal moderate, aperture elongately oval, posterior sinus very slight. Length, 13 mill. New Zealand. Distinguished from D. Buchanani, by the whorls being less angulated and without the smooth concave shoulder and the suture not margined. First described as a tertiary fossil. Figured from a recent specimen sent to me by Prof. Hutton. D. Paraconica, d’Orbigny. PI. 13, figs. 46, 47. Shell yellowish brown, first whorls globose, third and follow- ing ones subangulated, with longitudinal short, fine ribs and close revolving striz, the ribs obsolete on the body-whorl; sinus. broad and shallow. Length, 1 inch. Patagonia. DRILLIA. 209 Martens describes a var. Magellanica, differing only in being half the above size. D. StupERIANA, Martens. PI. 13, fig. 48. Shell stouter than the preceding species, with shorter body- whorl; the ribs stronger and fewer, evanescent on the body-whorl, the revolving lines slighter, scarcely apparent ; canal shorter and broader. Length, 22 mill. Kerguelen Island. D. Loprestrana, Caleara. Pl. 13, figs. 66, 59. Whorls seven, with revolving carine, the interstices longitu- dinally striate; sinus wide; whitish, apex brown-stained. Length, 8 mill. Mediterranean Sea. D. crispata, as figured by Reeve (fig. 59), is a synonym; as well as several other specific names, some of which are for fossils ; Tarentini, Phil., Reniert, Scacchi, moniliger, Cantraine, tri- cinctum, Caleara, T’recchi, Testa. D. KennicorrTt, Dall. Pl. 13, fig. 69. Shell solid, white, with traces of thin yellowish epidermis ; no longitudinal ribs; lip deeply excavated below the suture, margin thin and sharp; columella twisted. Length, 21 mill. Unga Island, Shumagin Group, Alaska. Much resembles Pl. declivis, Martens, from Japan. If identi- cal, the latter name will become a synonym. D. corusca, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 60. Shell rather pyramidal, highly polished; upper portion of the whorls flat, clouded with reddish brown and white, lower portion more prominent, encircled with a row of irregular reddish brown dots, last whorl encircled with two rows of dots; aperture short; canal very short. Length, °75 inch. , Philippines (Cuming). Two specimens only of this singular shell were obtained; it differs much from the ordinary type of Drillia, the form being more like a Daphnella, but it appears to be a thick species. D. vexitium, Reeve. Pl. 13, fig. 72 (2). Shell closely ribbed, and with revolving ridges at the base ; 210 DRILLIA. yellowish, the lower half of the body-whorl, and a narrow lower portion of those of the spire chocolate-brown. Length, 11 mill. Pt. Jackson, Australia (Angas). D. anata, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 27 (2). Shell pyramidal, sutures peculiarly excavated; whorls very closely encircled with narrow granulous ridges; aperture small; yellowish white. Length, 9 mill. Habitat unknown. The ridges are said to be more granulous towards the apex. IT am not acquainted with the species. , D. Pacopa, Reeve. Pl. 15, fig. 23. Shell pyramidal, whorls depressed at the upper part, slightly angled, ribbed at the angle, ribs short, close-set, decussated throughout with raised lines; ashy red, stained with dark red spots between the ribs, lip and columella stained with dark red ; canal short. Length, 8 mill. Habitat unknown. D. turrts, Reeve. Pl. 15, fig. 30 (2). Pyramidally acuminated, whorls longitudinally stoutly ribbed, transversely very finely ridged, aperture short; olive-brown. Length, 8 mill. : Habitat unknown. First described and figured by Reeve under the name of Pagoda—already used by himself for the preceding species. D. ponaTa, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 26. Whorls eight, rose-colored, ribs small, rather sharp, oblique, whitish, fading towards the suture; back of the last whorl smooth; canal short. Length, 8 mill. New Guinea. D. rutvA, Hinds. Pl. 13, fig. 65. Shell fulvous; whorls six, granulous, tubercularly ribbed, angulated at the upper part; suture with a granulous line. Length, 6 mill. Straits of Macassar (Hinds). D. minuta, Tefison-Woods. Pl. 34, fig. 93. Shell minute, fusiform, turreted, elongate, thin; yellowish or DRILLIA. 211 pink or reddish chestnut throughout ; whorls six, convex, spirally many-keeled, between the keels thickly and slenderly longitudi- nally lirate; apex of two subinflated whorls which are spirally and equally striate; aperture shorter than the spire, elongately ovate, outer lip thin, sinuous, inner lip inconspicuous. L. 3, lat. 1 mill. Tasmania. Figured from a specimen sent to me by Mr. C. E. Beddome. Section ConopLeura, Hinds. D. striata, Hinds. PI. 8, figs. 6, 7. Spire turreted, the shoulder of the whorls somewhat tabulate, with numerous septa crossing to the sutures, shoulder-angle somewhat coronate; surface finely spirally striate; sinus broad and deep; whitish or yellowish. Length, 19 mill. New Guinea, 7 fms., mud (Hinds). One of Reeve’s figures shows a reversed shell, a rarity in this genus. The following unfigured species are described as species of Drillia :— D. ZeEavanpicA, EH. A. Smith. New Zealand D. Cheesemani, Hutton, is a synonym. D. cyocotatum, E. A. Smith. Japan. D. Minpanensis, E. A. Smith. Philippines. D. rotunpicostaTa, EK. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. supocuracka, E. A. Smith. China seas (probably). D. nopiuirata, E. A. Smith. Philippines. D. ATKINsont, Tenison-Woods, 1875. Tasmania. D. AtkinsonI, HE. A. Smith, 1877. Habitat unknown. If the last two are both good species, Mr. Smith’s specific name will need changing. D. ancusta, E. A. Smith. China Sea. D. mMoxtitizata, E. A. Smith. _ ? Port Jackson, Austr. D. 1ncertA, E. A. Smith. New Guinea. 912 DRILLIA. . Pratri, KE. A. Smith. . EXCAVATA, E. A. Smith. - concotor, E. A. Smith. . INconsTANS, E. A. Smith. Japan. . TUBEROSA, E. A. Smith. (Resembles vavicosa, Reeve.) Japan. . STIROPHORA, Watson. . INcILIS, Watson. . THOLOIDES, Watson. . AMBLIA, Watson. . LOPHOESSA, Watson (and var. PLATIA). Habitat unknown. Habitat unknown. Moiuceas; China. New Zealand. Aru Island. GYPSATA, Watson. BRACHYTONA, Watson. . FLucTuosA, Watson. (Allied to Studeriana and Latagonica, Martens.) Kerguelen. . BULBACEA, Watson. New Zealand. SpIcEA, Watson. Off Pernambuco. N. E. from N. Zealand. Near Pernambuco. Near Pernambuco. Off Pernambuco. St. Thomas, W. I. St. Thomas, W. I. Off Pernambuco. St. Thomas, W. I. St. Thomas, W. I. Pernambuco. ULA, Watson. PHHZACRA, Watson. TMETA, Watson. EXCULPTA, Watson. AGLAOPHANES, Watson. Pero e Seo steer er Ore resets Seer ess . BICOLOR, Gray. . CLATHRATA, Gray. SUTURALIS, Gray. EBOREA, Gould. . RUFESCENS, Dunker. . NODIFERA, Pease. . NODULOSA, Pease. LZVIS, Hutton. . MAstersI, Brazier. . SPALDINGI, Brazier. . WELDIANA, Tenison-Woods. . AGNEWI, Tenison-W oods. . TENIATA, Tenison-Woods. . TRICARINATA, Tenison-W oods. . POLYTORTA, Dall. . NUCLEATA, Dall. . SUBSIDA, Dall. Habitat unknown. Habitat unknown. Habitat unknown. Kikaia Island. Upolu. Sandwich Islands. Polynesia. New Zealand. New Guinea. Torres Sts., Australia. Tasmania. Tasmania. Tasmania. Port Jackson, Ausir. (413 fms.) Off Cape S. Antonio, Cuba. Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Sea. SPIROTROPIS, BELA. 213 . EXASPERATA, Dall. (1002 fms.) Off Cape S. Antonio, Cuba. . ? LEUCOMATA, Dall. Caribbean Sea. . GRATULA, Dall. Caribbxan Sea. . DETECTA, Dall. Caribbean Sea. SERGA, Dall. Caribbxan Sea. SMIRNA, Dall. Off Cape S. Antonio, Cuba. OLEACINA, Dall. Caribbxan Sea. HaAvVANEnsts, Dall. Off Havana ; Yucatan Strait. VERRILLIT, Dall. Caribbean Sea. PERIPLA, Dall. Yucatan Strait. ELUsIVA, Dall. Yucatan Strait. MoRRA, Dall. Off Havana. PUNCTATOSTRIATA, Carpenter. Bay of Panama. . APPRESSA, Carpenter. Cape St. Lucas, L. California. PSSSSeeyyyeyee Genus SPIROTROPIS Sars., 1878. S. cARINATA, Philippi. PI. 7, figs. 94, 93. Shell white, whorls slightly excavated above, angulated and carinated on the periphery ; sinus broad, deep and remarkably distinct, with the upper edge thickened. Length, 75 inch. Mediterranean Sea to Norway. Jeffreys thus describes the animal: Body cream-color ; pallial tube short ; tentacles cylindrical, short and slender; eyes black, ‘small but very distinct, placed on the tops of stalks which are united to the tentacles and are one-half their length; foot pro- portionally large, almost equally broad throughout, squarish in front, and bluntly pointed behind. First described as a Sicilian tertiary fossil, and often known under the catalogue-name of P. modiolus, Jan. Genus BELA (Leach) Gray, 1847. Prof. Verrill has carefully reviewed the American species of Bela (Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 457-486), elucidating, as satisfac- torily as possible, the synonymy of this very variable group of Shells. His connection with the U. S. Fish Commission has given him opportunities for the study of their characters, such as have been enjoyed by no other naturalist. He says: “ Each 914 BELA. species of the genus seems to have a longer and a shorter form, which often differ decidedly in appearance. This variation, which is also seen in many other genera of spiral shells, is prob- ably, to a certain extent, sexual; but it is not entirely so, for while the males seem usually to be long-spired, with narrower and flatter whorls, I have also found males among the short- spired ones. Moreover, there are, evidently, geographical races or varieties, as well as irregular individual variations, and pecu- liarities due to injuries of various kinds.” B. Scuantarica, Middendorff. Pl. 34, fig. 76; Pl. 30, figs. 96, 97 Pl 29, fe a6; Pl. 335 fis: 70. Shell whitish or flesh-white, under a livid olivaceous epider- mis; smooth, or with fine spiral striz; aperture violaceous to white. L. 12, diam. 8 mill. Norway to Alaska. The synonymy is large, including B. gigas (Beck, MS.), Ver- kruzen (fig. 97), B. laevigata, Dall (fig. 96), and I think B. tenui- lirata, Dall, described as a variety of B. laevigata, with revolving striz, and afterwards called stmplex, by Verrill, from a specimen dredged, in 365 fathoms, off Martha’s Vineyard. 8B. simplex, Middendorff (Pl. 29, fig. 56), shell narrower, with longer spire, does not appear to me to present even varietal characters. JB. Morchi, Leche (P1. 33, fig. 70), is another name for B. gigas as figured by Verkrtizen, whilst for a variety differing in the more - produced, curved canal, the typical gigas of Beck, Mirch has proposed the name gigantea. Mr. Dall’s B. levigata is much smaller than the type, with shorter spire, and may constitute a geographical race or variety. According to Mr. Dall B. arciica, A. Ad., should be added to the synonymy. B. BICARINATA, Couthuoy. PI. 28, figs. 32-34; Pl. 27, figs. 18, 26, 31. Whorls six or seven, the lower ones obtusely, the upper ones more acutely carinated, upper whorls with riblets on the subsu- tural band, sometimes crossing the carina, becoming obsolete on the body-whorl; fine revolving striz cross the growth-lines, and give the shell a finely decussated appearance ; a single revolving ridge on the spire below the shoulder-carina, and several less ay BELA. 915 prominent ones on the penultimate and body-whorl; chestnut to violaceous brown. Length, 8°5-11 mill. Cape Cod, Mass., to Greenland ; Iceland, Norway, Spitzbergen. Jeffreys declares the previous species closely allied to this and Leche makes them identical specifically. B. violacea, Mighels and Adams (figs. 33, 34), differs from the typical form only in being a little larger and stouter, with the two carinz on the upper whorls less evident; this is due partly to erosion, partly to age; the perfect young of the species being typical, the adults or eroded young of the form violacea. The synonymy includes B. cylindracea, Moller, B. Beckii, Moller, B. livida, Moller (PI. 27, fig. 26), B. Greenlandica, Reeve (PI. 27, fig. 18, 3), B. brevis, Leche, B. ventricosa, Morch, and B. rugu- lata (Moller), Reeve (Pl. 27, fig. 31). B. Novasa-SemiJsensis, Leche. PI. 33, fig. 66. Shell yellowish ash-color; finely and equally decussated by longitudinal and revolving lines; whorls with a narrow shoulder. Length, 8 mill. Nova Zembla. B. PYRAMIDALIS, Strém. Pl. 30, fig. 92; Pl. 28, figs. 40,47; PL 27, fig. 30; Pl. 33, fig. 72; Pl. 34, fig. 81. Shell with usually a rather high spire, seven or eight tolerably convex whorls, scarcely or not at all shouldered, ribs 13 to 16, sigmoid, fading out about or above the middle of the body-whorl ; there are numerous, fine, close revolving lines, sometimes not apparent on the ribs; pale chestnut-color, when fresh. Length, 13 mill. Massachusetts to Greenland ; Iceland, Norway, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla. Varies considerably in the elevation of the spire and in stout- ness, as well as in the development of the ribs. Prof. Verrill doubts the identity of B. pleurotomaria, Couthouy (Pl. 30, fig. 92) with this species, and considers B. pyramidalis, as figured by Sars (PI. 28, fig. 40), at any rate different from pleuroto- maria; but I find all the forms that have been referred to this Species by Jeffreys, Leche and others well within the usual varietal limits of similar species. I therefore consider the fol- 15 916 BELA. lowing as additional synonyms: B. semiplicata, Sars (PI. 28, fig. 47), a varietal name, B. discors, Brown, Fusus rufus, Gould, not Montagu (PI. 34, fig. 81), B. Vahli, Moller (Pl. 27, fig. 30), and B. Jenisseensis (Pl. 33, fig. 72) and levior, Leche, described as varieties. B. ALASKENSIS, Dall. PI. 34, fig. 5. Whorls well rounded, slightly shouldered, obliquely ribbed, the ribs waved near the suture, and obsolete on the lower half of the body-whorl, with very minute, close revolving strize ; reddish or purplish brown, under a thin olivaceous epidermis ; aperture brown, polished, smooth. Length, ‘8 inch. Alaska. Described as a Mangilia, with a doubt as to whether it may not bea Bela. Through Mr. Dall’s kindness I have examined the type, and think it better placed in Bela. B. Augutica, Dall. Pl. 34, fig. 4. Shell pure white, narrow, of seven shouldered whorls, bearing 13 or 14 longitudinal ribs, terminating in a carina at the shoulder, with very faint close spiral grooves passing over the ribs. Length, -68 inch. Alaska. Figured from one of the type specimens. Described as a Mangilia. B. EXPANSA, Sars. Pl. 29, fig. 52. Whorls five, finely decussated ; spire short ; whitish. Length, 9 mill. i Norway. Its peculiar form will immediately distinguish it. B. ExiguA, Jeffreys. Pl. 33, fig. 73. Shell rather solid, but translucent, somewhat glossy, milk- white ; delicately decussated by close, fine striae; suture deep ; last whorl obtusely shouldered near the mouth. Length, 5 mill. Faroé Channel. Said to differ from B. tenwicostata, Sars (= the next species), by its narrower form, straight longitudinal lines or striz, and very blunt spire ; the fissural groove also, is much shallower. Cea BELA. O17 B. pecussata, Couthouy. PI. 29, figs. 55, 60, 65,69; Pl. 21, figs. 91, 25; Pl. 28, figs. 35, 36; Pl. 30, fig. 94. Shell ovate-fusiform, with a moderate, scarcely turreted spire; whorls six or seven, round-shouldered ; with about 24 sigmoid longitudinal ribs, evanescing about the middle of the body-whorl, close revolving striz cross the ribs; sinus well marked, close to the suture ; canal narrowed, but short ; columella nearly straight in the middle; color white, yellowish or pinkish white. Length, 9 mill. New England, northwards ; Labrador ; Greenland; Nova Zembla. This is B. scalaris (Vahl) of Reeve (Pl. 27, fig. 21) afterwards changed to B. borealis. B. leucostoma, Reeve (PI. 27, fig. 25), B. reticulata, Vahl, according to Reeve. B. tenuicostata, M. Sars (Pl. 28, figs. 35, 36), differs only in being smaller, with more numerous ribs. Verrill also describes a var. pusilla, having the ribs less prominent and not so much bent at the shoulder, giving the shell a smoother appearance. Another variety is B. viridula, Moller not of Reeve, and of which B. Kobelti, Verkruzen (Pl. 30, fig. 94), is a synonym; it is more strongly ribbed with a better defined shoulder than the type, the ribs straighter. 8B. incisula, Verrill (Pl. 29, fig. 65), appears to me to be no more than a stunted, shouldered variety, with straight ribs, apprcaching B. Kobeltt. B.hebes, Ver- rill (Pl. 29, fig. 69). and B. pygmea, Verrill (Pl. 29, fig. 60), are also varietal forms, having slight distinctive characters, which will appear by comparing the figures ; the latter is evidently from its small size and fewer whorls a young specimen. B. Trevelyana, var. Smithii, Jeffreys, is considered by Verrill a doubtful variety of his B. incisula. B. Pineett, Moller. PI. 29, fig. 64. Shell slender, with elongated spire, and moderately convex whorls, with numerous longitudinal, rather straight ribs, excurved above, and strong, elevated spiral lines, forming nodules where they cross the ribs; pale chestnut-brown, with the canal and columella whitish. Length, 11-12 mill. Maine; Greenland; Norway. Not unfrequently confounded by authors with the next species, 218 BELA. and perhaps with B. pyramidalis, but readily distinguished by its high spire, want of shoulder, and its nodulous surface. B. CANCELLATA, Mighels. PI. 29, figs. 67,53; Pl. 28, fig. 46. Whorls nine, somewhat convex, narrowly obtusely shouldered ; ribs strong, flexuous, with a sigmoid curve at the shoulder, crossed by coarse spiral cinguli; white, stained rosy or light chestnut, or yellowish. Length, 15-20 mill. Massachusetts ; Greenland; Norway; Nova Zembla. Often confounded with allied species, and especially with B. Pingelii, above, and with B. pyramidalis, B. harpularia, and B. Gouldi. B.pyramidalis has a more slender spire, and the spiral sculpture is less developed; B. harpularia is less elongated, with straighter ribs and finer revolving lines; B. Gouldii has more shouldered whorls, nodulous at the angle, straight ribs, and longer canal. It must be confessed that these distinctions are rather arbitrary, and that the interests of science would have been promoted if many of the so-called species of Bela had not been described. B. elegans, Moller (PI. 29, fig. 53), and B. angu- losa (Pl. 28, fig. 46) of Sars, may be considered slight variations of this species. B. Sarsi, Verrill. Pl. 28, fig. 49. This name was proposed for the species figured by Sars for B. cancellata. The whorls are obtusely shouldered, the ribs fewer and stronger, and nearly straight, crossed by rather distant revolving grooves, giving it a coarsely cancellated or tesselated subnodulous surface. Length, 10 mill. Norway ; Labrador ? B. CINEREA, Moller. Pl. 28, fig. 48. Shell searcely shouldered, with numerous narrow ribs, and many spiral strie; aperture broadly truncate below. Length, 22 mill. Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen. Barely distinguishable from the last species. B. pEctivis, Lovén. PI. 28, fig. 38. Shell longer in the spire and narrower, proportionally, than B. cinerea, with slightly stronger shoulder, fewer ribs and BELA. 219 revolving striz, the sculpture cancellated; aperture broadly truncate below. Length, 22 mill. Norway, Faroé Islands. Var. augustior, Jeffreys, is said to be narrower and smaller. B. opiiqua, Sars. PI. 28, fig. 50. Shell turriculated, with shouldered whorls, the shoulder acute and tuberculated by the terminations of thirteen to sixteen nar- row oblique ribs, having much wider interspaces which are covered by revolving striz; aperture rather short, broadly truncate below. Length, 10 mill. Norway. B. turRicuLA, Montagu. PI. 30, fig. 93; Pl. 27, fig. 22; Pl. 28,: figs. 41, 44, 45; Pl. 29, fig. 57; Pl. 33, fig. 60. Shell narrow, turriculated, the shoulder acute, with the ribs strongly projecting above it and then running across to the sutures; ribs about sixteen, nearly straight, prominent, crossed by very close, rather fine revolving strive; aperture rather nar- row; canal narrow and produced. Length, 17 mill. Europe, Nova Zembla, Greenland. B. scalaris, Miller, B. scalaroides, Sars (Pl. 28, fig. 59), B. Woodiana, Moller?, B. harpularia, var. rosea, Sars (Pl. 28, fig. 37), are synonyms of the typical form. 8B. Dowsoni and robusta of S. V. Wood are here referred by Dr. Jeffreys; and among the older names may be cited B. alba, Pennant, B. angularis, Donov., and B. discrepans, Brown. 8B. nobilis, Moller (PI. 28, fig. 41), and its synonym B&B. angulata, Morch, designate a variety with more strongly marked shoulder on the whorls. B. exarata, Moller, and B. harpularia, Sars, not Couth. (Pl. 28, fig. 45), B. rugulata, Sars (Pl. 33, fig. 60), B. assimilis, Sars (Pl. 28, fig. 44), and perhaps B. mitrula, Lovén (Pl. 29, fig. 57), are synonyms. B. HARPULARIA, Couthouy. PI. 29, fig. 51. Shell slightly round-shouldered, with 17-20 low oblique ribs and fine revolving striz ; pale reddish brown or rosy, when fresh, frequently yellowish or white. Length, 13-17 mill. Long Island Sound to Nova Scotia. This species is often confounded with the preceding one, but differs in its obtusely rounded shoulder, lower and more numerous 220 BELA. ribs, usually lower spire, finer spiral sculpture, etc. Towards its northern limit it becomes rather rare, according to Prof. Verrill. Sars’ figure of B. harpularia appears to represent a variety of B. turricula. B. AMERICANA, Packard. PI. 33, fig. 64; Pl. 29, fig. 68. Shell thin, inflated, body-whorl rather wide, spire short; shoulder strongly defined, with the ribs crossing it; ribs 13 to 15, rather high and narrow, somewhat oblique, with wider inter- spaces; revolving sculpture very distinct on the interspaces, less distinct on the ribs; whitish or yellowish white. Length, 18-20 mill. Cape Cod to Greenland. ? Norway. The shell figured by Sars as B. nobilis, Moller, juv. (fig. 42) appears to — this species, but fig. 19 in the Moll. Norv. better represents B. turricula. The shell very usually occurs under the latter name in American collections, but appears to differ sufficiently in its shorter, wider form, thinness, etc. B. turricula is essentially European in distribution; B. Americana, on the contrary, American. Var. Goutnil, Verrill. Pl. 29, fig. 68. Ribs sharper, more produced on the shoulder-angle, no spiral lines on the shoulder, those on the middle of the body-whorl fewer and more distant than in the typical form. Massachusetts to Nova Scotia. B. impressA, Beck. PI. 33, fig. 69. Shell wide, with short spire, and sloping but rather well- defined shoulder; densely costulate longitudinally, crossed by about ten spiral riblets, forming a cancellated surface ; yellowish ash-ecolor. Length, 15 mill. Spitzbergen; Nova Zembla. B. CONCINNULA, Verrill. PI. 29, fig. 54; Pl. 27, fig. 27. Shoulder sloping, the angle not acute; ribs numerous, often 20 to 25, crossed by strong spiral lines, forming a nodulous surface, including the shoulder; whitish under a pale greenish epidermis. Length, 10—11°5 mill. New England to Nova Scotia. The sloping shoulder, less defined carination, tuberculated BELA. 991 surface and canal distinguish this from B. exarata (a form of B. turricula). A var. acuta is described by Prof. Verrill as having a more slender form, with a longer and more acute spire and narrower aperture, the whorls more flattened, the nodules on the shoulder more prominent and sharper, and the carina higher; there are intermediate forms between this and the type. It is the B. mitrula of Verrill, not Lovén. B. Molleri, Reeve (PI. 27, fig. 27), is a rather problematical species, which Petit refers to B. Trevelyana, and Jeffreys to B. exarata, Moll. It appears to me to agree better with this species; it is a young shell, the figures being about twice its natural size, and its identification with B. concinnula is not sufficiently certain to authorize a change of name. B. TREVELYANA, Turton. PI. 33, fig. 65; Pl. 27, fig. 29. Shell somewhat thin, ovately fusiform, subventricose ; whorls six, slightly planate above the carina; aperture nearly equally contracted above and below; outer lip a little insinuate below the shoulder; surface lightly decussated by inconspicuous longi- tudinal plications, evanescent below the middle of the body-whorl, and close, fine revolving strie; whitish. Length, 8-13 mill. Europe, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla, Boreal America. A smaller, more fragile and more delicately sculptured species than B. turricula, with shorter spire, and more oval form. The synonymy includes B. decussata, Macgill. (Pl. 27, fig. 29) and B. reticulata, Brown. The latter name has priority, but may be regarded as obsolete. A variety Smithii, described by Jeffreys, is doubtfully referred by Verrill to B. tncisula, Verrill (= decussata, Couth. var.). B. conoipEa, Sars. Pl. 29, fig. 61. Shell narrow, with long spire; whorls seven, convex, without carina; plications slight, somewhat sigmoid, almost obsolete on the body-whorl: everywhere covered with moderately ‘strong revolving strie; white. Length, 15 mill. Norway. B. Lyctaca, Forbes. PI. 27, fig. 28. " Shell rather shortly fusiform, whorls convex, narrowed at the upper part, longitudinally ribbed, with revolving elevated striz, 222 BELA. the alternate ones rather larger; aperture lanceolately ovate ; canal rather long, straight. Length, 6 mill. Cape Artimesium, Coast of Asia Minor, 80 fms. (Forbes). This species (evidently immature) has not been obtained since. B. FipIcuLA, Gould. PI. 32, fig. 17. Whorls seven, broadly shouldered; about twenty-four longi- tudinal plications, crossed and decussated by more crowded delicate revolving lines; dirty-white. Length, °45 inch. Puget Sound. B. susLuTa, Gould. PI. 33, fig. 18; Pl. 34, fig. 75. Shell thin, turreted, with elevated spire; whorls seven or eight, slightly round-shouldered ; there are twelve obtuse ribs not quite reaching the sutures, the interstices showing evanescent, epi- dermal, revolving lines; pale ash, stained with light yellowish brown, tip of beak and interior dark chestnut, with a narrow white fascia. Length, 10 mill. Habitat unknown. This shell is possibly Patagonian; it has the peculiar appear- ance of the Magellanic molluscan fauna. I think that the Pata- gonian B. Cunninghami, Smith (fig. 75), will. prove to be a synonym. Unfiygured and undetermined species of Bela. B. pLicIFERA, Wood (Crag Mollusca.) This species has, according to Leche, been found living. The original figure and descrip- tion will apply sufficiently well to a dozen recent forms, and the identification of it must therefore be considered very doubtful. B. rogpusta, Packard (fossil). Labrador. B. UNDATELLA, Gould. Off Coast of Georgia, 400 fms. B. tTuRGIDA, Gould. Kamtschatka. B. BuaAk¥ANA, Dall, and vars. NORMALIS and EXTENSA. Caribbean Sea. B. FILIFERA, Dall. Caribbxan Sea. B. Harveyi, Verkrizen. Newfoundland. B. Gitprni, Verkr. Bay of Fundy. B. MULTIcosTATA, Verkr. Bay of Fundy. BELA. 293 B. unpaTA, Verkr. Bay of Fundy. B. BRACHYSTOMA, Pfeiffer. (Adams’ Genera, i, 92). B. punta, Reeve. (Adams’ Genera, i, 92.) B. excurvata, Carpenter. Puget’s Sound. ? B. RUBEScENS, Jeffreys. Holsteinborg. B. JEssoensis, E. A. Smith. Japan. ? B. MirRAuis, Adams and Angas. Port Jackson, Australia. ? B. AusTRALIS, Adams and Angas. So. Australia. B. Witte, Friele. Arctic Ocean. B. ovatis, Friele. Arctic Ocean. B. vigiputa, Reeve, not Moller (PI. 27, fig. 20.) Greenland. Morch considered this a synonym of Columbella Holbolii, Beck — rosacea, Gould. See Manual, v, p. 160. Section TyYPHLOMANGELIA, Sars, 1878. B. NivALis, Lovén. PI. 7, fig. 92. Shell turreted, with a long spire; white; whorls ten, the periphery tuberculated longitudinally, the ribs which give rise to them very short; covered by close revolving striz ; shoulder of the whorls slanting. Length, ‘85 inch. Shetland, Norway. Section HapropLeuRA, Monterosato, 1883. B. SEPTANGULARIS, Montagu. PI. 21, figs. 8,97; Pl. 22, fig. 42. Shell subulate, smooth, without shoulder; longitudinal plicze seven or eight, including the varicose lip, short, low, not attaining the middle of the body-whorl, but starting from the suture ; pinkish white. Length, 14 mill. Hurope. Differs from the true Belas in several particulars, besides distri- bution, and has the general appearance of Mangilia; but must be separated from that genus (in our very artificial classification), on account of having an operculum. The synonymy includes B. costata, Donov., B. secalina, Phil. (Pl. 22, fig. 42), a small form,and B. Petitii, Maravigna, which — the latter. B. Ginnan- tana, Reeve, not Risso (Pl. 21, fig. 9), is here referred by Forbes and Hanley—a very doubtful identification. 224 BELOMITRA, LACHESIS. B. aura, Montagu. PI. 32, fig. 35. Whorls seven, rather convex, very slightly shouldered ; ribs 14 or 15, narrower than the interstices ; surface covered with fine close revolving striz ; chocolate-brown, the ribs lighter colored. Length, 13 mill. Hurope. The synonymy is enormous, including B. Kieneri, Marav., B. chordula, Turton (juv.), B. nigra, Potiez et Mich., B. fusca, B. discors, B. castanea and B. discrepans of Brown, and perhaps also B. alba and B. minima of the same author. Jeffreys distinguishes the following varieties :— Var. LAcTEA. Shell white. Var. sEMicostaTA. Lower whoris ribless ; shell often larger. Var. UHLIDEANA, Thompson. Shell orange-brown or fawn-color, with stronger sculpture. Var. CrAncuHII, Brown. Ribs twisted. Var. ANausTA. Shell narrower, and slender, with sharp and oblique ribs. Subgenus BeEtomitra, Fischer, 1882. B. PARADOXA. Fischer. Shell elongately fusiform, whitish, whorls eight, the embryonal obtuse, mammillate, the others slightly convex, angulately cari- nated in the middle, with about twelve subarcuate longitudinal ribs, which become evanescent below the middle of the body- whorl, and revolving strive; aperture oblong, narrow; lip obso- letely sinuous behind, smooth within ; columella nearly vertical with six or seven oblique narrow plications ; canal short. L. 28, diam. 9; L. apert. 14 mill. Atlantic, 627 metres. Locality not given. Unfigured. Genus LACHESIS, Risso, 1826. L. mintMA, Montagu. PI. 32, figs. 21,24; Pl. 27, fig. 4. Shell solid, opaque, rather glossy ; ribs nine or ten, crossed by fifteen to twenty broad, flattened spiral ridges on the body-whorl, four on the spire whorls; apex globular, twisted on one side ; whorls five to six, rather convex; outer lip varicose without, LACHESIS. 995 toothed within, without sinus; color usually reddish brown, sometimes spotted ; operculum yellowish. Length, 5-8 mill. British Channel to Southern Europe, W. Africa. The spire is sometimes truncated in live specimens. On the Southern Coast of England and the Channel Islands the species is common but local, in the laminarian zone, upon rocky and stony ground. The animal swims with the foot upwards. There is a large synonymy: Fusus turritellatus, Desh., Fusus subnigrus, Brown, L. mamillata, Risso (fig. 14), Pl. Chawveti, and Pl. perlatum, Requien, Murex Folinex, Chiaje, granulata, Risso, Pl. multiplicata (Forbes), Reeve (Pl. 27, fig. 4), Bue. Lefebrui, Marav. There are a number of color varieties distin- guished by Jeffreys, Monterosato and Tiberi. L. VULPECULA, Monterosato. PI. 33, fig. 67. Whorls very convex, with deeply impressed sutures, spire longer, canal more pronounced, longer than in L. minima, some- what recurved, aperture not toothed; sculpture strong but narrow, forming a clathrate surface. Length, 5°3 mill. Mediterranean. It is L. recondita, Brugnone. L. CANDIDISSIMA, Phil. PI. 32, fig. 23, 22. Shell of seven whorls, strongly granulated by decussating sculpture; outer lip toothed within; usually white, sometimes yellowish, or with the granulations darker. Length, 10 mill. Mediterranean; W. Africa. The colored variety referred to above is ZL. lineolata, 'Tiberi (fig. 22) — L. Massena, Chiaje, not Risso. L. Forine#, Phil. PI. 32, fig. 25. Shell ovate-fusiform, of six rather flattened whorls, with shallow longitudinal and revolving grooves, cutting the surface into squares; lip with two remote tubercles; canal suboblique, very short, dilated at the base ; surface fuscous, the sulci fulvous or white. Length, 7°5 mill. Mediterranean (very rare). This is Z. areolata, Tiberi, and Fusus granulatus, Caleara. L. PELLIS-PpHoc#, Reeve. PI. 27, fig. 3. Shell with close, fine, longitudinal and revolving lines, lip 226 LACHESIS. dentate within ; chocolate, with usually a narrow lighter or white line at the suture. Length, 10 mill. St. Thomas, W. I. (Swift. ) L. Japonica, A. Adams. PI. 34, fig. 78. Shell with about 20 arcuate longitudinal ribs crossed by rather finer strie; lip somewhat thickened externally, thin and crenu- late at the margin, very faintly sinuated near the suture, with about ten short fine lire near the edge internally; yellowish white with chestnut stains, or entirely chestnut. Length, 12 mill. Japan. L. Turqueti, Velain. Pl. 30, fig. 95. Longitudinal ribs, rounded, rather coarse, crossed by revolving grooves ; aperture narrow, canal very short and open, lip slightly thickened, not crenulated within ; yellowish brown. Length, 4 mill. Isle of St. Paul, Indian Ocean. Velain calls attention to the resemblance of this shell to the genus Etallonia, formed by Deshayes for eocene species of the Paris basin. Deshayes considered Etallonia between Bulla and Ringicula, but Mr. Velain thinks it should rather be referred to the Pleurotomidee. L. MERIDIONALIS, E. A. Smith. Pl. 32, fig. 26. Whitish, of six convex whorls, turreted ; with coarse longitu- dinal ribs, and revolving grooves, the former obsolete on the lower half of the body-whorl; on the periphery, two stronger grooves cut the ribs into a single series of tubercles ; two apical whorls large and smooth. Length, 4°3 mill. Strait of Magellan. Unfigured Species. L. GRANULATISSIMA, Morch. W. Coast Central America. L. cRATICULATA, Morch. Same Habitat. L. PERLATA, Morch. Same Habitat. L. surcata, Hutton. New Zealand. L. canpipissimA, C. B. Ad., West Indies, is referred here by H. and A. Adams, but is a Mangilia, probably. BORSONIA. 2297 Genus BORSONIA, Bellardi, 1846. In the fossil Borsonia prima, the shell is fusiform, the lip not varicose, the columella with a single plait, high up; but in some fossil species there are indifferently one or two plaits, so that Cordiera (= Scobinella) is generally considered synonymous. The following recent species, referred to Borsonia, are now placed here with some hesitation ; the plications being usually more numerous, and the shells otherwise resembling that section of Mangilia for which the name Glyphostoma has been proposed. Unfortunately, the operculum of none of the species has been noticed ; and I really doubt its existence in any of them. My conviction is that these forms will all be found to be Glypho- stome, and that the diagnosis of that group will need to be enlarged to include species having several as well as many columellar plications. B. cRASSICOSTATA, Pease. PI. 34, fig. 94. Shell fusiform, shining, longitudinally coarsely ribbed, crossed by revolving raised striz ; whorls rounded, with well-impressed sutures; aperture narrow; outer lip denticulated within; canal short, slightly recurved, light vellow or pink. Length, 7 mill. Sandwich Islands, Paumotus. B. BrrAsciIatTA, Pease. Shell fusiform, shining, longitudinally coarsely ribbed ; crossed by coarse raised striz; whorls rounded at the sutures; outer lip thick, incurved, serrated on the edges at the termination of the transverse striz; canal short and slightly recurved; color white ; two light brown bands on each whorl. Sandwich Islands. Not figured, and I have no specimens; the description may be compared with B. nigrocincta, Montr. B. LuTEA, Pease. Shell fusiform, solid, shining; whorls convex, angulated at the sutures, longitudinally regularly and closely ribbed, crossed by regular transverse ridges ; aperture narrow ; outer lip thick, denticulated within; canal produced and recurved; light yellowish brown. Sandwich Islands. Unfigured. 298 CLAVATULA. B. NEBULOSA, Pease. Shell fusiformly oblong, finely ribbed longitudinally, striated transversely, forming regular granules; sutures slightly angu- lated and smooth; aperture oval; outer lip slightly ineurved and serrated on its edge, striated internally ; canal slightly pro- duced and incurved; white, marked with irregular, interrupted, longitudinal brown lines. Sandwich Islands. Unfigured. ‘ B. GmuiBertI, Souverbie. PI. 25, fig. 58. Shell pink, with a central chestnut band; lip with 7-8 interior plications ; columella with 3-4 ascending plications. Length, 10? mill. Lifou Island, N. Caledonia. Described from a single specimen. B. nr@rocincta, Montrouzier. Pl. 19, fig. 62. Yellowish white, with two narrow dark chestnut lines on the body-whorl, the upper one of which appears on the spire; lip with about 5-6 plications within, columella with several (3-4) ascending plications, continuations of the revolving sculpture of the outer surface. Length, 8—9 mill. New Caledonia (Montr.), Andaman Is. (Nevill). Unfigured Species. B. conruGata, Pease, MS. Carpenter referred this, as a syn- onym, to B. nebulosa, Pease; but Pease says that this is an erroneous determination, that B. corrugata is a unique shell in his collection. It has not been published. B. pusinua, Dunker. Upolu. B. cenopiasta, Watson. St. Thomas, W. Ind. B. stniceA, Watson. Off Pernambuco. II. Clavatuline. Genus CLAVATULA, Lamarck, 1801. C. Letieurt, Recluz. Pl. 8, fig. 20. Shell turreted; whorls smooth and concave above, with revolving raised lines below the bicarinated periphery ; yellowish brown, the upper portion of the whorls with large brown CLAVATULA. 929 maculations and a revolving series of small brown spots just above the lower carina. Length, 33 mill. Senegal. Very doubtfully distinct from the following species. C. muricata, Lam. PI. 8, figs. 22,.21, 15-19, 27; Pl. 30, figs. TT, 83. Upper portion of whorls smooth and concave, with a sutural band of tubercles, sometimes becoming spinose; the periphery angulated, and tuberculate, as well as the body-whorl below it, caused by rude curved longitudinal ribs crossed by revolving sculpture ; light yellowish brown, sometimes fasciated ; aperture occasionally light violaceous, but mostly white. Length, 40 mill. W. Coast of Africa, South Africa. Varies much in form and in the degree of development of the tubercles and spines; the younger and less robust specimens also have a somewhat longer canal. I include here several specific names heretofore regarded as distinct forms: C. virginea (Chemn.), Reeve (fig. 21), is a spineless form, the name of which would have priority, if it were binomial ; it is, however, “‘ Murex Turris virgineus,” which is not admissable. The name which I have adopted for the whole series of forms is that one which is in most common use, and represents the usual state of the species. Other synonyms are Murex mitratus, Wood, Muresz Turris coronatus, Chemn., Murex clavatulus, Dillw., P. conica, Encye. Meth., C.-bimarginata, Lam. (fig. 15), C. diadema, Kiener (fig. 18), a younger and thinner shell, perhaps inhabiting more quiet localities than the heavier specimens; C. gravis, Hinds (fig. 16), C. sacerdos, Reeve (PI. 18, fig. 19; Pl. 30, fig. 17), C. mystica, Reeve (fig. 27), a very similar form to the last. Var. RUBRIFASCIATA, Reeve. PI. 8, fig. 17; Pl. 30, fig. 83. Shell yellowish brown, banded with bright red and ash-color. Appears to be connected with the typical species through C. FSerruginea, Maltzan (PI. 30, fig. 83), described as an entirely ferruginous-colored variety of C. rubrifasciata. C. IMPERIALIS, Lam. PI. 8, fig. 13. Shell ovate, short, ventricose, clothed with a thick, dark olive- colored epidermis; whorls angulated above, the angle having a _ 230 CLAVATULA. row of scale-like tubercles ; columella covered with a thick white callus; interior of aperture stained above and below with violet. Length, 55 mill. Cabenda, W. Coast of Africa; 5 fms., in soft mud, washed down by the waters of the Congo. A rare species, from its appearance probably an inhabitant of brackish water. C. impLicaTA, Reeve. PI. 8, fig. 23. Shell pyramidally turreted, whorls depressed around the upper part, with revolving rows of nodules below, upper row on the periphery-angle, and duplicate; covered with a thick olivaceous epidermis, aperture whitish. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Described from a single specimen. Its characteristics appear to be the long spire, and double row of tubercles on the shoulder- angle. C. Count, Maltzan. PI. 30, fig. 84. Rosaceous, with a superior, and an inferior brown band. Length, 1 inch. W. Africa. A narrower form, with longer spire than any other species except C. implicata, from which it may be distinguished by its carina and more pronounced canal, as well as by color. I doubt whether it is really distinct from C. muricata. C. cHRuLEA, Weinkauff. Pl. 5, figs. 59, 60. Shell narrowly turreted, strongly keeled, the keel tuberculated, with revolving, sometimes granulous striz below it, the granules more apparent at the base; bluish, the tubercles white, with the interstices purplish. Length, 20 mill, W. Africa (Maltzan). According to Maltzan the shell is white, with two corneous- bluish bands. The appearance of the figure, especially of the canal, indicates a young shell. C. PATRUELIS, E. A. Smith. Pl. 32, fig. 39. Reddish brown, with a white narrow band on the periphery, and, on the body-whorl, a second inferior band; whorls twelve and a-half, with obsolete flexuous longitudinal plications, crossed PERRONA. 231 by revolving lines; nodulous at the periphery, and less distinctly so inferiorly. Length, 27 mill. Japan. I include this species in Clavatula on account of the opercu- lum, which has a subcentral nucleus, rather near the inner margin. C. TexTiLis, Hinds. Straits of Macassar. Shortly diagnosed in Zool. Proc., 1843, but not included with the other species in the Moll. of Voy. Sulphur, nor figured in Reeve’s Iconica. The species must, therefore, have been either mislaid or discovered to have no claim to recognition. Clava- tula, according to Hinds, contained numerous species now excluded from that group. Subgenus PERRoNA, Schum., 1817. Dr. Fischer has separated Tomella, Swainson, as a subgenus, characterized by spire not carinated, sinus wide near the middle of the outer lip; type, C.lineata. The position of the sinus in that species depends upon the extent of the callosity upon the upper part of the inner lip, and the spire is so variable, some specimens of undoubted lineata being subcarinate, that J do not think the distinction can be maintained. C.tINEATA, Lam. PI. 8, figs. 10, 11. Shell smooth, body-whorl more or less constricted above, the spire sometimes very short, and sometimes long; whitish or yellowish brown, thickly flexuously longitudinaliy lineated with chestnut or chocolate. Length, 1—1°5 inches. W. Africa; Cape of Good Hope. C. raxus, Chemn. PI. 8, fig. 14; Pl. 32, fig. 15. Shell yellowish brown, flexuously lineated with chestnut, under a thick olivaceous brown epidermis; whorls constricted above, slightly nodulously longitudinally plicate below, and flexuously longitudinally striate ; aperture brownish. Length, 2°75—4 inches. Cape of Guod Hope. C. opesa, Reeve. PI. 8, figs. 9, 4. _ Whorls corded below the suture, with a constriction below the 16 232 PERRONA. cord; yellowish white, flexuously lineated with chestnut, the corded portion white. Length, 40 mill. W. Africa. Possibly only a heavy shelled variety of C. lineata. I think that C. tripartita (Smith), Weinkauff (fig. 4), is synonymous, as I have specimens intermediate between the two forms. C. sprraTa, Lam. PI. 8, fig. 5: Whorls constricted around the upper part, with a rather sharp ridge next the suture, and an obtuse angle below the constric- tion ; yellowish, mottled and striped with chestnut. Length, 1—1‘5 inches. W. Africa. C. perron, Chemnitz. PI. 8, fig. 8. Shell fusiform, turreted, rather smooth, pale yellow; whorls flat, with flexuous longitudinal lines, slightly angulated round the upper part, lower portion of the last whorl contracted and with several regular, distant revolving ridges; sinus nearly cen- tral. Length, 27 mill: W. Africa (Marrat). Is an intermediate form between C. lineata and C. spirata— which should probably be merged in one species. Chemnitz adopted a Dutch name ‘ the perron,” for this species, and Reeve erroneously supposing it to be in honor of a naturalist, changed its form to C. Perronii. C. MONILE, Val. PI. 7, fig. 96. Chestnut-brown, with a subsutural band maculated with darker chestnut spots; surface finely decussated with longitu- dinal and spiral strie. Length, 1 inch. Australia. Pleur. monile being preoccupied by Brocchi for a fossil species, Desmoulins changed the name to Quoyi; but the species figured under the latter name by Reeve and Weinkauff appears to me to be very distinct. In the present group the specific name monile is not preoccupied; I therefore restore it. C. GRACILIOR, Sowb. (Unfigured.) Habitat unknown. C. TuMIDA, Sowb. (Unfigured.) Agulhas Bank, So. Africa. CLIONELLA. 933 Subgenus CLioNELLA, Gray, 1847. C. stR1aTA, Kiener. PI. 9, fig. 53. Shell olive-yellow, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, with fine revolving strize, lip simple, sinus broad. Length, 1°5 inches. Habitat unknown. Schrenck includes this species in his Moll. of Amurl., but very probably, as Weinkauff has pointed out, Crassispira Clionelle- formis was mistaken for it. C. rosartA, Reeve. PI. 9, fig. 51. Shell shortly subulate, truncated at the base, whorls plaited, smooth, aperture short; bright scarlet-rose, uppermost part of the whorls white-zoned. Length, 22 mill. So. Africa. C. SIGILLATA, Reeve. PI. 9, figs. 47, 48. Shell pyramidally ovate, transversely somewhat obscurely striated; whorls channeled around the upper part, faintly nodosely, obliquely plicated beneath the channel; pale reddish chestnut, aperture and columella yellowish white. Length, 32 mill. So. Africa. C. semicosTaTa, Kiener. PI. 9, fig. 46. Whorls with shallow channel above, periphery nodulous by the terminations of short, oblique, rather distant ribs; sinus broad ; light yellowish brown. Length, 1°75 inches. So. Africa. C. stnuaTa, Born. PI. 9, fig. 50. Whorls with a narrow channel above, the periphery with a row of small nodules, terminating short, low, flexuous plicate ribs ; pale rusty brown, under a blackish brown epidermis. Length, 2 inches. So. Africa. Equally well known under its later name of C. Buccinoides, Lam. C. nux, Reeve. PI. 9, fig. 49. Shell ovate, whorls convex, slightly concave at the upper part, last whorl rather gibbous; canal very short, truncated; sinus rather broad ; reddish chestnut, columella and interior white. Length, -75 inch. So. Africa. 234 PUSIONELLA. C. RUBINICOLOR, Reeve. PI. 9, fig. 55. Whorls with a nodulous periphery, and shallow shoulder above it; last whorl with slight revolving strive towards the base; orange-red, nodules whitish. Length, °75 inch. Hab. unknown. Perhaps does not belong to this group. . Bornit, E. A. Smith. (Unfigured.) Cape of Good Hope. . BipARTITA, E. A. Smith. (Unfigured). Port Elizabeth, So. Africa. . SUBVENTRICOSA, E. A. Smith. (Unfigured.) So. Africa. . PLAtTystoMA, EH. A. Smith. (Unfigured.) Cape of Good Hope. . Kraussi, EK. A. Smith. (Unfigured.) Cape of Good Hope. . QUADRUPLEX, Watson. (Unfigured.) 1000 fms. W. of Azores. ere COPS Genus PUSIONELLA, Gray, 1847. P. vALIDA, Dunker. Pl. 31, figs. 9,10. Shell smooth, ponderous, whorls 11-12, flatly rounded, with two or three striz around the upper portion, and several at the base of the body-whorl; light yellowish brown. Length, 3 inches. Pacific Ocean ? (Dunker). This is probably a West African shell as are all the other species of the genus, except P. rapulum. I suspect that the young shell which Philippi calls Fusus candidus (fig. 10), may belong here; it is W. African. P. ACULEIFORMIS, Lam. PI. 31, figs. 2, 3. Shell elongated, spire-whorls more or less plicately ribbed, sometimes only the upper ones; body-whorl smooth except at the base, where there are revolving grooves; very light grayish yellow, or yellowish brown, or chestnut. Length, 1°75 inches. | W. Africa. P. Catelini, Petit (fig. 3), is a shouldered variety ; many of the specimens exhibit some shoulder on the whorls. P. vuLPINA, Born. PI. 31, figs. 4-6. Shell stouter than the preceding species, no longitudinal ribs, upper part of the whorls with two or three engraved revolving ee a a Dee . Sete es ae i a ee Cl te a eee ee ee PUSIONELLA. 235 lines, and several more at the base of the body-whorl; otherwise smooth and polished, or with microscopic revolving strie ; chocolate-color, sometimes yellowish or orange-brown. Length, 1°6 inches. W. Africa. This species is equally well known as P. buccinata, Lam. P. albocincta, Petit (fig. 6), is a variety with a median white band; P. Recluziana, Petit (fig. 5),is a light-colored variety; P. grandis, A. Ad., an unfigured species, is evidently synonymous with the latter. P. Miuuetr, Petit. Pl. 31, figs. 7, 8. Shell whitish, or yellowish flesh-color, or brown, more or less decussated by longitudinal and revolving engraved lines, some- times forming granulations—especially on the spire; the revolv- ing lines prominent on the body-whorl, where the longitudinal ones are usually subobsolete. Length, 1:5—2 inches. W. Africa. P. subgranulata, Petit (fig. 8), is a synonym, as are also prob- ably the unfigured P. lirata, A. Ad., and P. lupinus, Phil. P. RAPULUM, Reeve. PI. 31, figs. 11, 12. Shell oblong ovate, the whorls compressedly gibbous, forming a round shoulder, constricted and with revolving striz towards the base ; otherwise smooth, except that the upper whorls of the Spire are slightly longitudinally plicate; whitish, under a very thin, smooth, yellowish brown epidermis, often yellowish brown within the aperture; a heavy, white callous deposit at the upper extremity of the inner margin of the aperture. Length, 1:5 inches. Malacca (Cuming) ; Java (Petit). P. Wallaysi, Petit (fig. 12), is a synonym. P. Nirat (Adanson) Bruguiere. PI. 31, figs. 13, 14. Whorls usually narrowly shouldered above, whitish under a light olivaceous, thin epidermis, with several revolving series of Square chestnut spots; base constricted, with a few engraved strie. Length, 1-5-2-25 inches. W. Africa; Algiers. Weinkauff dredged living specimens off the Algerian coast. This is the Buccinum pusio of Born and Gmelin, but not of 236 SUBCULA. Linneus; the usual shouldered form is also the P. scalarina, Lam. P. RECURVIROSTRIS, Marrat (unfigured). W. Africa. No dimensions are given. ? — P. aculeiformis. Genus SURCULA, H. and A. Adams, 1853. With long canal. S. macuLosa, Sowerby. PI. 5, fig. 57. Smooth, or with light revolving striz, the shoulder of the whorls angulated and defined by a row of tubercles; flesh- colored, light brown, or light purplish, with chestnut macula- tions. L. 42, diam. 13 mill. West Columbia to Gulf of California. S. BRUNNEOMACULATA, Sowb. PI. 10, fig. 71. Shell stout, with a more turreted spire and more angulate periphery and stronger nodules than S. maculosa, the whorls also more distinctly spirally striate; color yellowish brown with chestnut maculations and interrupted bands. ? California (Frick). Notwithstanding the differences above pointed out, the species is evidently so closely allied to S. maculosa, that I have hesitated to keep it separate. I scarcely think that Weinkauff’s figure represents the species. S. AUSTRALIS, Roissy. PI. 5, fig. 58; Pl. 2, fig. 9. Shell yellowish white, encircled by corded orange-brown ribs, with several intermediate strie; outer lip broadly rounded above into the rather shallow sinus. L. 100, diam. 28 mill. China Sea, Philippines. S. turris, Val. (fig. 9), is a synonym, S. arncuaTA, Reeve. PI. 5, fig. 61. Shell arcuately fusiform, thin, inflated, rather transparent ; whorls lined and sharply keeled round the middle, keel painted with regular brown spots; lip rounded, separated from the last whorl by a broad sinus; canal slender, curved, equaling the length of the spire. L. 43, diam. 13 mill. Coast of Veragua, Central America (Hinds). SURCULA. 23% S. Tornata, Dillwyn. PI. 5, fig. 62; Pl. 6, fig. 81. Shell smooth, ivory-like, lower portion of body-whorl with revolving striz, upper portion of the whorls broadly, concavely channeled, sinus broad and shallow; whitish or yellowish, flexuously strigated with light brown. L. 80, diam. 26 mill. East Indies, Java. Generally known as P. Javana, Linn., but that author's description is of a ribbed shell—which this is not. Var. FULMINATA, Kiener. PI. 6, fig. 81. Shell smaller, proportionally wider, the revolving striz upon the lower part of the body-whorl stronger; the color variegated by strong flexuous longitudinal strigations or maculations. L. 48, diam. 17 mill. Java. Barely distinguishable as a variety. §. Javana, Linn. PI. 5, figs. 63-65. Whorls angular and tuberculated in the middle, the tubercles developing from more or less indistinct oblique folds or ribs, everywhere closely encircled by striw; light yellowish brown, the tubercles lighter. L. 56, diam. 23 mill, Java, Malacca, Japan. This is perhaps better known as S. nodifera, Lam., the S. Javana of authors (not Linn.) being the preceding species— S. tornata, Dillwyn. S. Coreanica, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 64), is a specimen not fully grown, and S. lurida, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 65), is a small, darker hued, banded variety. S. PUBERCULATA, Gray. PI. 5, figs. 66, 67. Whorls angulated, the angle defined by a row of tubercula- tions, below them are several rows of granular revolving strix, and towards the base the striz are continued but not granular; yellowish, punctate with chestnut. L. 25, diam. 9 mill. Hong-Kong, Japan, Java, Australia. With this species must be united S. punctata, Reeve (fig. 66). S. OLIvAcEA, Sowb. PI. 5, figs. 69,70; Pl. 10, fig. 77; Pl. 34, fig. 3. Shell with 8-10 coarse, rounded longitudinal ribs, forming a knobbed angle on each whorl, where they terminate, encircled 238 SURCULA. by coarse riblets and striz; interior of outer lip generally showing revolving striz ; yellowish brown, chestnut or chocolate, under a light olivaceous or brownish epidermis, the projecting portions of lighter color, L. 62, diam. 26 mill. Panama to Gulf of California. P. funiculata, Val. (fig. 70), and P. duplicata, Sowb. (fig. 77), are synonyms. The species is a very common one in the Gulf of California and at Mazatlan. Fig. 69, which represents the typical olivacea, at first sight would be supposed to be distinct from funiculata (fig. 70), and to approach the next species. The shoulder is very narrow, so that the angle is not prominent. I figure an intermediate form from Weinkauff (Pl. 34, fig. 3), which he calls S. olivacea. S. TUBERCULIFERA, Brod. and Sowb. PI. 5, fig. 68; Pl. 10, fig. 60. Whorls well rounded with strong rounded ribs, nodules forming a single row on each whorl, with strong revolving striz ; yellowish brown, darker banded above and below the nodules, with some additional brown revolving lines below the lowest band. L. 63, diam. 22 mill. Gulf of California. Described from a specimen not fully grown (Pl. 5, fig. 68). Through the kindness of Mr. R. E. C. Stearns I am enabled to give a figure of an adult of this fine species (PI. 10, fig. 60). I have a specimen before me uniform yellowish brown, without bands. S. UNDATIRUGA, Bivona. PI. 5, figs. 11, 72; Pl.-6, figss73,-14- Whorls angulated in the middle and nodulous on the angle, above it the surface is smooth, below the nodules are continued as flexuose wrinkles or ribs, becoming evanescent towards the base of the aperture; yellowish brown, with usually one or two darker bands. IL. 50, diam. 16 mill. Sicily, Algiers, Spain, Teneriffe, W. Coast of Africa. This is the S. balteata, Beck, of Kiener (fig. 72), S. corrugata, Kiener (fig. 74), and S. tenuis, Gray (fig. 73). Monterosato considers corrugata a synonymn, but he separates balteata and tenuis as a variety under the name of similis, Bivona. pe i ek. eee ie? SURCULA. 239 S. Kaper yl, Lischke. PI. 6, fig. 75. Whorls subangulated with about twelve oblique, rounded, longitudinal ribs below the angle, surface decussated by growth- lines and small revolving striz; yellowish white, with orange- brown bands on the shoulder, at the base and intermediately— three in all, the upper one appearing on the spire. L. 67, diagn. 24 mill. Japan. S. pAUPERA, Watson. Fusiform, decussated by spiral striz and growth-lines, whorls angulated by a revolving row of tubercles, giving rise to short longitudinal ribs, about thirteen in number on the body-whorl ; spire high, conical, whorls 10-11; color buff-brown, under a coarse, harsh yellowish epidermis. lL. 1°75, diam. -68 in. Aru Isl., 800 fathoms, mud. Dredged by the “Challenger” Expedition, and not yet figured. It is described as a Drillia. S. CLARA, von Martens. PI. 6, figs. 77, 77a. Whorls seven, spirally closely striate, decussated by growth- lines, with a strong spiral carina; sinus short and wide, extending from the carina to the suture; diaphanous white. L. 36, diam. 13 mill. Patagonia. S. CARPENTERIANA, Gabb. PI. 7, fig. 3. Shell fusiform, the whorls somewhat flattened, without angle, carina or ribs, surface with close revolving lire, sometimes alternating in size ; sinus a mere sigmoid curve of the outer lip; aperture scarcely narrowed into a canal below. Brownish orange, with broken revolving bands ofa light reddish brown; these bands usually occur on the larger lire, and are most closely placed on the middle of the shell. L. 73, diam. 26 mill. California. It is a post-pliocene fossil, of which some specimens, retaining the color (and therefore supposed to be recent) have been ob- tained on the shore and by dredging. S. PERVERSA, Gabb. PI. 6, fig. 79. Sinistral, elongate, slender, of 11-12 convex whorls, with very flexuose prowth-strie, and fine spiral lines; aperture scarcely 240 SURCULA. canaliculate, the outer lip sigmoid ; light reddish brown, under an olivaceous epidermis, with a central broad white band, having ill- defined edges; columella and extremities of the shell also white. L. 38, diam. 11 mill. Catalina Isl., Cal.; Straits of Fuca. S. vinosa, Dall. Sinistral, shorter and much less slender than the preceding species, with a shorter canal and proportionally tnuch larger aperture, finely spirally striate; uniform deep wine-brown or claret-color. Aleutian Islands. S. SINISTRALIS, Petit. Pl. 13, fig. 64. Sinistral; ash-brown; lightly decussately striated ; sinus broad ; canal short. Length, 20 mill. W. Coast of Africa (Petit). S. PLUTEATA, Reeve. PI. 6, fig. 78; Pl. 30, fig. 82. Shell narrowly fusiform, with elevated, acuminated spire and long, narrow, twisted canal; whorls with a shelf below the sutures, and a central revolving carina of small nodules; horn- color, the nodules white; sinus rather shallow and wide. L. 30, diam. 7 mill. Whydah, W. Africa. Described by Reeve without locality, but I have the same species before me, received from the Liverpool Museum, with the above habitat, with the MS. name P. mandarina, Smith. S. ANNULATA, Reeve. PI. 6, fig. 83. Shell solid, with elongated spire and well-formed but rather short canal; whorls cingulated throughout. L. 48, diam. 15 mill. Habitat 2 S. caTENA, Reeve. PI. 6, fig. 84. Shell narrow, elongately fusiform, spire turreted, yellowish gray ; whorls very convex in the middle as if suddenly swollen, and bearing a row of oblique, white tubercles; lip thin, sinus broad ; canal long and straight. lL. 58, diam. 15 mill. Habitat unknown. With short canal. S. astricTa, Reeve. PI. 6, figs, 85, 86a; Pl. 32, fig. 36. Spire often truncate, the tip acuminate when present, whorls <. <‘kieaesieataie en ee ee eet et eee On SURCULA. 241 spirally ridged; yellowish white, the superior ridge on each whorl articulated with chestnut and white. L. 16, diam. 6 mill. Isl. Annaa (Cuming); Cook’s Islands (Garrett). This is the S. interrupta of Sowerby, not Lamarck; S. modesta of Weink., not Sowb. (fig. 86 a). S. cincta, Lamarck. PI. 6, fig. 86. Spire convex in outline, slightly acuminated towards the tip; whorls encircled throughout with tumid ridges ; yellowish brown or reddish brown, aperture same color. L. 14, diam. 5:5 mill. Real Llejos (probably erroneous), and Jsl. Annaa (Cuming); Mauritius (Weinkauff) ; Viti Islands (Garrett). This is the S. modesta, Sowb.,and the shell described and figured under that name by Weinkauff — the preceding species. S. BIJUBATA, Reeve. PI. 6, fig. 87. Shell chocolate-brown, encircled by narrow, lighter-colored keels, the second keel, which is somewhat stronger than the others, often broken up into small tubercles ; interior of aperture chocolate-colored. L. 20, diam. 8 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Mauritius (Robillard) ; Viti Isles (Garrett); Solomon Islands (Smith). Distinguished from the preceding species by its narrower form, longer spire, sharper ridges and darker color. S. RapuLA, Hinds. PI. 7, figs. 89, 88, 90. Shell dark brown, encircled by ridges of which the one defining the shoulder-angle and those below it are granular or tuberculate; the angle-row’ usually white; sometimes with chestnut bands. L. 18, diam. 6 mill. Red Sea, Malacca, Australia. S. versicolor, Weink. (fig. 88), is merely a variegated speci- men, and S. raduliformis, Weink. (fig. 90), has the sculpture not so strongly developed. I am inclined to think that P. Wetcalfei, Angas, P. obeliscus, Reeve, P. pyramidata, Val., which I have treated under Drillia, will need to be united with this form when fuller series shall be available for comparison, 242 SURCULA. S. Owrenn, Gray. PI. 7, fig. 91. Whorls encircled by a row of compressed tubercles at the periphery, and a smaller one beneath the suture; below the periphery granulated by the intersection of fine revolving riblets and close curved growth cost; cream-brown or nearly white, often orange-tinged at the extremity of the spire. L. 30, diam. 11 mill. Australia. S. Quoyi, Reeve. PI. 7, fig. 95. Shell yellowish brown, with a double row of small. compressed nodules on the periphery, above which the surface is slightly concave to a subsutural, slightly nodulous band, which is regularly square-spotted with chestnut; lower part of body- whorl with revolving, fine ridges and striz. L. 28, diam. 12 mill. Australia. With this species Reeve and Weinkauff: unite P. monile, Val. ; it appears to me more nearly related to the group Perrona. The following species of Surcula have been described by Rey. Robert Boog Watson in the ‘“ Mollusca of the Challenger Expedition.” They have not been figured. P. sTAMINEA, Watson. Kerguelen, Prince Edward Isl., ete. P. TRILIX, Watson. Kerguelen and Heard Isl. P. Lepra, Watson. Southern Ocean, Southeast of Australia. (Resembles P. clara, von Martens, from Patagonia. ) P. RoTUNDATA, Watson. Pacific, East of Japan. P. Gon1oDEs, Watson. Southeast of La Plata. (Resembles in a general way P. circinata, Dall.) P. PLEBEIA, Watson. Off Pernambuco. (Something like P. nodifera, Lam.) P. sYNGENES, Watson. Off St. Thomas, West Indies. P. HEMIMERES, Watson. Pernambuco. P. ANTERIDION, Watson. Off Cape of Good Hope. P. ruysa, Watson. Pernambuco. P. BOLBODES, Watson. . Pernambuco. P. iscana, Watson. Northeast from New Zealand. (Resembles P. emendata, Monterosato, of the Mediterranean. ) MANGILIA. 943 Ill. Mangiliine. Genus MANGILIA, Risso, 1826. M. Vavquetini, Payraudeau. PI. 21, figs. 17, 18. Shell pale yellowish or almost white, with distant strong ribs ; the shoulder with brown dashes or spots, appearing on the ribs only ; there is usually, on the body-whorl a central line of spots, also on the ribs. Length, 9-12 mill. Mediterranean, throughout ; Atlantic Coast of Spain, Madeira, Canaries The synonymy includes M. rigida, Reeve (fig. 18), JZ. unifas- ciata, Costa (not Deshayes), and Fusus Rossmassleri, Anton. Var. BREVIS, Requien (= nana, Monts.), is smaller and _pro- portionally shorter than the type. M. Pacrtntana, Calcara. PI. 32, fig. 33. ' Shell with the whorls not shouldered, but ribbed as in the preceding species, not striate ; yellowish or whitish, with brown revolving lines. Length, 6 mill. Mediterranean Sea. This species is also known as M. Sandrii, Brusina. M. ta@niaTaA, Desh. PI. 21, fig. 13. Shell smooth, with shouldered whorls; whitish or yellowish brown, with narrow brown revolving lines. Length 9 mill. Mediterranean Sea. M. eburnea, Bivona, is a synonym. M. unirascraTA, Deshayes. PI. 34, fig. 88. Shell white, with a broad brown band above the aperture, reappearing on the spire, and another at the base of the body- whorl. Length, 7 mill. Morea, Algiers. Weinkauft (Med. Meeres-Conchyl.) states that this species has not been recognized since the publication of the original descrip- tion and figure, but he think’ it may be synonymous with Raphitoma costulata, Blainv.; Monterosato, however, enumerates it among his Algerian shells (Jour. de Conch. 1877, 42). 244 MANGILIA. M. BertRanvI, Payr. Pl. 21, fig. 12; Pl. 32, fig. 47. Shell chestnut- or chocolate-brown, with usually an indistinct central darker band, ribs often white; whorls rounded above, without distinct shoulder. Length, 9-14 mill. Mediterranean Sea. M. cerulans, Phil., is a synonym. The M. cerulans figured by Appelius (PI. 32, fig. 47), and which Monterosato bas named M. indistincta, does not appear to differ materially; it has not been described. M. costaTa, Forbes and Hanley. PI. 34, fig. 17; Pl. 32, fig. 37. Shell with 7 or 8 stout ribs; whorls without shoulder; Spire varying in length; spire and upper half of the body-whorl chestnut- or chocolate-color, lower half of body-whorl light yellowish brown, sometimes yellowish brown with darker linea- tions. Length, 12 mill. Sweden to Mediterranean. Mr. Jeffreys says: “The Murex costatus of Pennant is a mixture of small shells belonging to different genera.” I follow him in ascribing the name to Forbes and Hanley who have accurately diagnosed the species, rather than to any of those earlier authors who used it indefinitely. The P. coarctata, Forbes (fig. 37), is merely a larger form of this species, mainly northern in distribution. J. pusilla, Reeve, and J. balteata, Reeve, are both made synonyms by Forbes and Hanley; they are described without locality, but the former has shouldered whorls and too many ribs, and the latter has heen identified as Australasian by Mr. Brazier, and as West Indian by Mr. Swift. M. Sicuna, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 10. Shell chestnut- or chocolate-brown within and without, with narrow brown lines, more conspicuous on the thickened lip, which is lighter colored ; whorls rounded, rather gibbous, those of the spire obtusely angulated. Length, 12 mill. Sicily, Adriatic Sea. Pl. plicatum, Phil, is a juvenile. M. MULTILINEOGATA, Deshayes. PI. 22, fig. 53. Longitudinal ribs rather numerous, close together, curved ; MANGILIA. 245 white, with chestnut, revolving lines, rarely unicolored or unifasciate. Length, 7 mill. Mediterranean Sea. M. aBipA, Deshayes. Pl. 32, fig. 32. Shell white, very slightly ronund-shouldered, with about ten longitudinal ribs, and wider interspaces. Length, 6 mill. Mediterranean Sea. Monterosato considers this a distinct species, but Weinkauif refers it to WM. rugulosa. JI have not seen specimens. M. rueutosa, Philippi. PI. 22, fig. 44. Shell whitish to yellowish brown, the whorls round-shouldered above, the rude ribs with wider interspaces, crossed by elevated revolving lines, some of them much larger than the rest, and which are sometimes brown. Length, 6 mill. Mediterranean Sea— England. The distinctive character of this species, if it be one, is the series of revolving, minute ridges and striz. Jf. Stossichiana, Brusina, is a synonym, according to Weinkauff. M. Companyotl, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. Pl. 33, fig. 62. Whorls convex, subangular above, with strong, distant ribs, surface covered by extremely fine decurrent strie, visible only with the microscope; yellowish white, with numerous well- marked, regular, darker, revolving lines. Length, 7 mill. Roussilon, France. I have not seen this species; apparently it possesses but slight distinctive characters. M. susBcLATHRATA, Maltzan. PI. 30, fig. 87. Turreted fusiforin, sutures well impressed ; ribs eleven, decus- sated, and rendered nodulous by many undulating spiral riblets ; lip thickened, denticulated, sinus small. Length, 6 75 mill. Isl. Goree, West Coast of Africa. M. Srruckt, Maltzan. Pl. 30, fig. 88. Turreted fusiform, with produced spire and deep sutures ; reddish brown; ribs nine, straight, decussated and rendered nodulous by spiral riblets; sinus nearly obsolete, lips thickened and dentate. Length, 5°5 mill. Isl. Goree, West Coast of Africa. 246 MANGILIA. M. Goreensts, Maltzan, PI. 30, fig. 91. Shell with about eight smooth cost, and wider interspaces covered by revolving striz; brownish, with the ribs white towards the aperture. Length, 8 mill. West Coast of Africa. M. sTELLATA, Stearns. PI. 34, fig. 84. Shell turreted, yellowish, tinged more or less with reddish brown; whorls seven, angulated above; suture distinct; with 12 or 13 strong, smooth longitudinal ribs, extending to the extremity of the basal volution, which also shows near its termination a few revolving lines; labrum effuse, externally much thickened, deeply notched near the suture. L. °35, lat. -14 inch. Tampa Bay, W. Florida. The lip and columella in most specimens are dark ferruginous brown. I may add to the above description that the inter- spaces of the ribs, in one of the specimens before me, are covered with fine revolving striz, and that another has a faint central band. It has not been figured hitherto, and I therefore give an illustration from a specimen from Tampa Bay which appears to fairly represent the typical form. M. LaquEata, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 30. Ribs stout, few, remote; sinus not very distinct; dull white.. Considerably magnified, but no dimensions given. West Indies (d’Orbigny ). The figure shows revolving colored lines, which are not mentioned in the description. M. tuctuosa, d’Orb. Pl. 22, fig. 47. Whorls very slightly round-shouldered, yellowish brown, with about eleven darker longitudinal ribs, the interstices with revolving striz; aperture and lips dark brown. Length, 11 mill. Cuba, Guadeloupe. Iam not acquainted with this species. Mr. E. A. Smith has supposed it to be a Drillia, and as the specific name is preoccu- pied in that genus by Hinds, he has changed it to P. Cubensis. M. PENTAGONALIS, Gray. PI. 21, fig. 30. Shell white, smooth, longitudinally five-ribbed, ribs pointed at the shoulder. Length, 6 mill. St. Vincent, West Indies. MANGILIA. 247 M. Guarant, d’Orbigny. Pl. 22, fig. 46; Pl. 18, fig. 21. Brownish, sometimes with narrow, lighter bands; ribs promi- nent, rounded, crenulating the suture; there are elevated revolving lines. Length, 5 mill. West Indies (Reeve), Brazil (d’Orb.). M. obesicostata, Reeve (PI. 18, fig. 21), from the West Indies is evidently a synonym. M. Dysont, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 27. Whitish, with two faint bands of orange-brown. Length, 9 mill. Honduras (Dyson). M. syMMETRICA, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 40. Whorls shouldered; longitudinally ribbed, the interspaces with very fine elevated strie; yellowish brown, the shoulder white. Length, 5 mill. Habitat unknown (Mus. Cuming). I can add nothing to the information concerning this species. M. BALTEATA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 11. Whorls obtusely slightly angulated in the middle; ribs few, narrow, with wide smooth interspaces; white, with a median chestnut zone. Length, 12 mill. Habitat’? (Reeve), West Indies (Swift). Krebs considers MM. densestriata, C. B Ad., a doubtful synonym; it isa white shell, without band, ribs 10 to 12, more numerous than in the figure of balteata, the interstices very finely striate transversely. I am not acquainted with the species, but the characters appear to be sufficiently distinctive. Brazier identifies an Australian shell with MW. balteata. M. BADIA, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 41. Shell plicately ribbed, transversely strongly plicated; dark chestnut-brown. Length, 5 mill. Habitat? (Reeve), St. Thomas, W. I. (Krebs). According to Krebs, M. crassicostata, C. B. Ad. (an unfigured Species), is a Synonym. M. ramineata, C. B. Adams. PI. 21, fig. 31; Pl. 18, fig. 36. Shell narrowly shouldered, with small, close, numerous longi- iy 248 MANGILIA. tudinal ribs and impressed revolving strive; whitish, with three narrow brown bands, one of which appears on the spire-whorls. Length, 6 mill. West Indies. Described and figured by Reeve as WV. trifasciata, Gray, a few months later than Adams’ description. J. costata, Gray (Pl. 18, fig. 36), is the same species without bands, as first determined by Krebs. The latter name being preoccupied by Pennant, Mr. EH. A. Smith has recently changed it to decora. Krebs thinks that M. quadrilineata, Adams (unfigured), also belongs here. M. augovirrata, C. B. Ad. PI. 21, fig. 32. Ovately oblong, whorls with narrow shoulder ; longitudinally strongly ribbed, ribs close-set, obtuse ; white, orange banded. Length, 6 mill. West Indies. Described and figured by Reeve a few months later, under the name of I. luteo-fasciata, and without locality. Adams includes revolving striz in his diagnosis; they are not visible on the figure. Hutton erroneously identified with this species a New Zealand shell, afterwards distinguished as Drillia Sinclairt, Smith. M. Hornpecxit, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 67. Shell ovate, spire rather short, acute, sutures deep, somewhat cavernous, longitudinally ribbed, ribs prominent, transversely very minutely striated; white. Length, 10 mill. West Indies. The following species, apparently of Mangilia (restricted), have been described as West Indian, etc.; they are unfigured and unknown to me. M. brevis, M. biconica, M. vicina, M. multilineata (= M. poly- zonata, H. and A. Ad.), M. muricoides, M. dubia, M. fusca, and M. candidissima, all of C. B. Adams. Jamaica. M. cinctella, Pfeiffer. Cuba. M. millestriata, E. A. Smith. St. Thomas, W. I. M. inepia, EK. A. Smith. Honduras. a ee MANGILIA. 249 M. hypsela, Watson. Off Pernambuco. M. acanthodes, Watson. Bermuda, Azores. M. corallina, M. tiara, Watson. Near St. Thomas, W. I. M. macra, Watson. Azores. MM. eritmeta, Watson. Azores. M. rufocinecta, E. A. Smith. Porto Cavallo, So. America. M. ligata, C. B. Ad., H. and A. Adams, Genera. I have not found any description of this species. M. INTERLIRATA, Stearns. PI. 22, fig. 56. Shell dark reddish brown, solid; whorls eight, with 8-10 strong longitudinal ribs, and 10-12 thread-like, darker colored revolving ribs in the interspaces only; outer lip simple, somewhat thickened. Length, ‘27 inch. Monterey and San Diego, Cal. M. HEXAGONA, Gabb. Shell small, slender, fusiform; spire subacute, nuclear whorls two, smooth, normal whorls five, slightly subangular and orna- mented by six large acute radiating ribs with broad, concave interspaces ; besides these, the whole surface is cancellated by minute raised lines; color brownish white, ornamented by a few reddish brown revolving bands, one much larger than the rest, in the middle of the whorl; aperture narrow, columella very slightly twisted ; outer lip acute, sinus almost obsolete. L. °34, lat. :1; L. apert. -15 inch. Monterey, Cal. (2 specimens). M. BELLA, Hinds. PI. 21, fig. 35. Shell fusiform, attenuated below, slender, pale yellowish brown; whorls rounded, longitudinally ribbed, crossed with white raised lines, banded with darker brown round the upper part; ribs slender, furnished with small scattered granules, running into a simple suture; lip thickened, sinus small, rather wide. Length, 16 mill. W. Coast of Central America. M. srriosa, C. B. Adams. PI. 34, fig. 96. Shell slender, dingy white, with a rather indistinct narrow central brown band on the body-whorl; longitudinal ribs 10-12, 250 MANGILIA. slender, crossed by close elevated revolving lines; lip rather sharp on the edge but thickened behind it by a stout rib. Length, °3 inch. Panama. Not hitherto figured; my illustration is from a specimen which was obtained at Panama, and appears to correspond closely with the description. M. rormicaRgtia, Sowb. Pl. 21, fig. 38. Shell acuminately oblong, longitudinally strongly ribbed, interstices crossed with very fine striz; pitch-black within and without. Length, 8 mill. Iquiqui, Peru, under stones (Cuming). I am not acquainted with the species above so meagrely described. M. orprnariA, E. A. Smith. Pl. 34, fig. 97. Shell subturreted, yellowish brown; ribs 10-11, with strong revolving strie or lirz, here and there larger; lip thickened. Length, 7°5 mill. Chili and Peru. This will probably prove identical with the last species. Figured from a specimen. M. CarpenTeERi, Folin. Pl. 30, fig. 74. Fulvous. Length, 4°5 mill. Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina. M. Goprroip!, Folin. Pl. 30, fig. 70. Very dark brown. Length, 4 mill. Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina. M, LEUCOLABRATUM, Folin. PI. 30, fig. 72. Brown, the upper portion of the whorls light yellowish. Length, 3°8 mill. Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina. M. IMPERFECTUM, Folin. Pl. 28, fig. 43. Reddish brown; sinus very shallow. Length, 4:2 mill. Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina. M. sutcata, Carpenter. Unfigured. Described from a single broken specimen, 2 inches long. Mazatlan. }- f ‘ * i, ¥ a: ‘ane MANGILIA. 251 M. cEREA, Carpenter. A single immature specimen described, but not figured. Panama. M. LEVIDENSIS, Carpenter. Puget Sound and Neah Bay. M. ALBOLAQUEATA, Carpenter. From an imperfect, worn speci- men ; lip broken. Panama. M. HAMATA, Carpenter. Unfigured. Panama. M. stentuata, Moérch. Unfigured. W. Coast Central America. M. uNDATICUsTATA, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 34. Shell fusiform, whorls slightly shouldered, with longitudinal, waved ribs; whitish. Length, 9°5 mill. Hab.? (Reeve); Cape York, Australia, and N. Guinea (Brazier). M. cavernosa, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 26. Shell narrowly shouldered ; ribs oblique, rather narrow; white, the shoulder light chestnut, with sometimes a few chestnut spots on the body-whorl. Length, 9-10 mill. N. S. Wales (Cox) ; Philippines (Cuming). M. runEBRis, Reeve. Pl. 24, figs. 27, 18. Shell smooth, the ribs rather solid, obtuse, with wider inter- spaces; yellowish brown, broad banded with chestnut, ribs lighter colored than the interstices. Length, 9-11 mill. Philippines. M. pusilla, Reeve (fig. 18), appears to be identical. M. HEXAGONALIS, Reeve. PI. 20, figs. 1, 4. Shell with six distant longitudinal continuous ribs, and rather close revolving striz ; yellowish white. Length, 8 mill. Philippines; N. Australia ; N. Guinea. The artificial and unnatural grouping of the Pleurotomide is well illustrated in this species, for M. obeliscus, Reeve (fig. 4), which has a toothed aperture, and would therefore belong to another section, is nevertheless specifically identical with W. hexagonalis. M. eracitenta, Reeve. Pl. 23, figs. 98, 88; Pl. 17, fig. 11. Shell yellowish white to yellowish brown, very slightly nar- 952, MANGILIA. rowly shouldered, pretty closely longitudinally ribbed, the ribs subnodulous, crossed by elevated revolving striz. Length, 15 mill. Philippines, Japan, N. Australia. M. contracta, Reeve (Pl. 23, fig. 88), is a smaller specimen of the same species; as is also IZ. Fusoides, Reeve (PI. 17, fig. 11). M. Funvocincta, Nevill. Pl. 22, fig. 52. Whorls nine, the first four embryonal and colorless, the others varicosely seven-ribbed, with microscopic revolving striz ; whitish, chestnut banded below the sutures, and also at base of body-whorl, and within the aperture. Length, 8 mill. India. M. zonaTa, Reeve. Pl. 23, fig. 79. Shell obscurely shouldered, longitudinally ribbed, ribs smooth, descending from the sutures ; white, with a chestnut band at the upper part of the aperture. Length, 8 mill. Philippines (Cuming); Solomon Js. (E. A. Smith). M. anaicostaTa, Reeve. Pl. 23, fig. 85; Pl. 32, fig. 49; Pl. 22, fig. 69. Shell turreted, whorls distinctly shouldered, with a few distant small longitudinal ribs, extending to the suture, and much wider interspaces ;-light yellowish brown to white ; columella chocolate tinged, often with a narrow interrupted chocolate central line. Length, 18 mill. New Caledonia, Viti Isles. Described without locality, but there can be little doubt that M. melanostoma, Garrett (fig. 49), from the Viti Isles, is iden- tical, although Reeve does not mention the dark bordered colu- mella. Probably Reeve’s figure is magnified. Df. scalata, Souverb. (Pl. 22, fig. 69), is a short variety, pure white with the narrow band, from New Caledonia. Some of Garrett’s Viti Islands specimens are exactly like it. M. ciara, Reeve. Pl. 23, fig. 89. Shell smooth, plicately ribbed, round shouldered; purple brown, upper part of the whorls whitish. Length, 15 mill. Hab. unknown. The aperture being neither described nor figured, the position of this species can only be guessed at. MANGILIA. 253 M. cornEA, Reeve. Pl. 23, fig. 99. Shell ovate, spire acuminated, horny, semitransparent ; finely longitudinally ribbed ; light brown, encircled by a pale zone. Length, 5 mill. Hab. unknown. M. LurescENs, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 83. Whorls very narrowly obtusely shouldered; longitudinal ribs numerous, small, with revolving striz in the interstices; yel- lowish brown. Length, 12 mill. Hab. unknown. Described by Reeve under the name of WM. fulva, preoccupied by Hinds. M. tivipa, Reeve. Pl. 23, fig. 80. Whorls smooth, with narrow flexuous longitudinal ribs ; livid flesh-color. Length, 12 mill. Philippines, on the reefs (Cuming). M. winEaTA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 77. Sheli obtusely longitudinally ribbed, smooth; fleshy brown, with numerous faint revolving lines of darker color. Length, 8 mill. Hab. unknown (Reeve); So. Australia (Angas). M. niTENS, Hinds. PI. 20, fig. 2. Whorls carinately shouldered ; with longitudinal, sharp, oblique ribs, pointed on the shoulder-angle, and extending to the suture, and revolving striz; flesh-brown. Length, 12 mill. N. Australia, New Guinea, Straits of Macassar, and Malacca. M. opatus, Reeve. PI. 20, fig. 5. Shell with continuous longitudinal distant ribs, the wide inter- stices smooth or with revolving strie ; whorls obtusely angulated in the middle; white, the interstices of the ribs sometimes more or less stained with brown. Length, 9 mill. Philippines. M. pyramis, Hinds. PI. 34, fig. 86. Shell white, angularly longitudinally sharp ribbed, six-sided, with close revolving striz. Length, 12 mill. Stratts of Macassar (Hinds). 254 MANGILIA. M. psEuDocARINATA, Reeve. PI. 20, fig. 3. Whorls concavely shouldered, somewhat indistinctly keeled, the keel rendered nodulous by the ends of close obliquely longi- tudinal ribs, which are short, becoming evanescent about the middle of the body-whorl, everywhere with close revolving grooves, which are somewhat nodulous; yellowish brown. Length, 9 mill. Habitat unknown (Cuming Collection). M. pura, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 76. Spire turreted; whorls slightly, narrowly shouldered ; sutures rather deep; ribs narrow, reaching the sutures, revolving striz distant ; yellowish white, with a median row of faint brown spots on the back of the body-whorl. Length, 8 mill. S. Australia (Angas). M. patuipa, Reeve. Pl. 23, fig. 78. Whorls convex, without shoulder, with about 10-11, strong, flexuous ribs extending to the suture; white. Length, 8 mill. Isl. of Ticao, Philippines. M. sorpipa, Reeve. PI. 20, fig. 98. Whorls angulated in the middle; longitudinally obliquely ribbed, the ribs short, most prominent on the angle; interstices latticed with raised strize—which become more prominent towards the base of the body-whorl, where the ribs are obsolete; dull white. Length, 6 mill. Habitat unknown (Mus. Metcalfe). M. sEMEN, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 86. Whorls with rather broad, sloping shoulders, nodulated by the ends of short oblique longitudinal plice, or ribs; no revolving striz ; chestnut-brown, the ribs lighter or whitish. Length, 6 mill. St. Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines, under stones at low-water (Cuming). M. viTrEA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 95. Shell cylindrically elongated, thin, pellucid, glassy, smooth ; no longitudinal ribs; a few revolving grooves at the upper and lower part of the body-whorl, the former appearing on the spire also ; yellowish white. Length, 6 mill. Singapore, and Philippines (Cuming). A species having peculiar characters. 6a ¥! = MANGILIA. 255 M. casTANEA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 84. Whorls rounded; longitudinally ribbed, the interstices with close revolving strie ; chestnut-brown. Length, 11 mill. Isle of Burias, Philippines (Cuming). Nearly related to WM. livida, but the ribs are straighter, the canal more slopingly produced, and the surface striate. M. RopusticosTaTA, Smith. Pl. 22, fig. 60. Whorls turreted, with strongly angular periphery, and short, oblique ribs, about twelve in number; lip thin at edge, but thickened externally by one of the ribs; sinus scarcely dis- cernible ; yellowish brown, whitish towards the base of the body- whorl and labrum. Length, 6°3 mill. Japan. M. spuenpipA, A. Adams. PI. 22, fig. 55. Shell somewhat thin, subpellucid, shining, with longitudinal, obtuse, unequal, rather weak plicze, and somewhat distant spiral lineations ; light brownish, with bands of rather large chestnut maculations ; lip acute, but varicose externally. Length, 1 inch. Japan. One of the largest and most distinct species of the group, though scarcely of typical character. M. Coppincert, Smith. Pl. 22, fig. 58. Whorls divided by a deep suture, longitudinally closely ribbed, the ribs becoming obsolete on the lower part of the body-whorl, where they are replaced by revolving strive, more distinct towards the base; aperture small, labrum thickened, with a very faint sinus; chocolate-brown, including the aperture. Length, 6°3 mill. Patagonia. M. costutatTa, Dunker. PI. 22, figs. 62, 70. Shell with close, rounded, longitudinal ribs, and obsolete revolving striz ; yellowish white, with narrow chestnut revolving lines. Length, 8 mill. Japan. M. Leuckarti, Dunker (fig. 70), is a variety with stronger revolying striz, and uniformly brown-colored. 256 MANGILIA. M. DesuayesiI, Dunker. Pl. 22, fig. 71. Narrowly shouldered, with close, small, longitudinal riblets, crossed by revolving elevated striz ; light yellowish brown, the thickened lip brown-spotted. Length, 7 mill. Japan. Very probably identical with the preceding species. M. picta, Adams and Angas. PI. 22, fig. 72. Whorls with narrow shoulder; longitudinal ribs few, slightly flexuous, with much wider interspaces covered with revolving strie; light yellowish brown, with a broad chocolate band beneath the shoulder. Length, 12 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. M. inscutpTa, Adams and Angas. PI. 22, fig. 61. Closely longitudinally plicate, the ribs forming a slight poste- rior shoulder or angle, interstices with revolving lire; light yellowish brown, darker in the grooves. Length, 6 mill. St. Vincent’s Gulf, So. Australia. M. anautosa, E. A. Smith. Pl. 22, fig. 67. Whorls obtusely angulated, with six curved longitudinal ribs, and close small revolving strie, distinct only in the interstices ; light brown. Length, 5 mill. West Africa. M. FLAVESCENS, Angas. Pl. 22, fig. 68. Whorls shouldered, the angle pointed with the longitudinal ribs ; revolving striz, closer and sharper at the base of the body- whorl; yellowish white, sometimes tinged with orange at the angle of the whorls and towards the base. Length, 5 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. M. papruuaris, Hinds. Pl. 15, fig. 21. Whorls angulated, obsoletely tubercularly ribbed; pinkish yellow, edge of the lip tinged with red within. Length, 11 mill. Straits of Malacca, 17 fathoms, mud (Hinds). A very obscure species, the characters of which are not apparent. M. DaRNLeyEnsis, Brazier. Pl. 19, fig. 73. Shell pyramidal, slender, six-sided, longitudinally ribbed, crossed with raised strie, somewhat rugose, interstices smooth ; it! <9. a MANGILIA. 257 whorls 7 to 8, flattened ; outer lip slightly varicose, sinus wide and deep; yellowish brown, lip sometimes black-edged. Length, 12 mill. Torres Straits, Australia. Figured from one of several specimens obligingly commu- nicated by Mr. Brazier. M. cITHARELLA, Lam. PI. 24, figs. 13, 14. Light yellowish brown, or yellowish white, banded narrowly and numerously with chestnut. Length, 15-20 mill. Solomon’s Is., Philippines. This is M. striata, Schum. WM. lyra, Reeve (fig. 14), is a variety with stronger shoulder-angle and ribs. Mr. KE. A. Smith considers M. funiculata, Reeve, a variety also; but that species has a toothed labrum, and therefore belongs to the section Cythara, as very artificially separated from Mangilia; it may be a synonym, nevertheless. M. pyem#A, Dunker. PI. 32, fig. 50. Longitudinally plicate, plicze evanescent towards the base of the body-whorl; light brown. Length, 6 mill. Japan. M. varicuLosa, Sowb. PI. 16, fig. 60. Whorls narrowly shouldered; longitudinal ribs granose, crossed by raised strize ; dark chocolate-brown. Length, 13°5 mill. Bay of Montija, W. Coast Centr. America. M. quisquauis, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 63. White, obtusely angulated, smooth above the angle, which is nodose by the termination of short longitudinal ribs. Length, 11 mill. W. Coast Centr. America. M. tucia, Nevill. Pl. 12, fig. 19. White, slightly and irregularly marbled with pale brown, between the ribs and especially behind the outer lip. Length, 8 mill. Persian Gulf ; Bay of Bengal. Allied in general to M. quisqualis, Hinds, but is smaller, with transverse striz at the base of the last whorl, with a roy 258 MANGILIA. granules and a deep groove beneath the suture, and with straight instead of oblique ribs. Perhaps a Drillia. M. ericea, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 71. Light brown; slightly shouldered, the ribs continued to the sutures, nodulous below the shoulder, by the crossing of revolvy- ing lines. Length, 12°5 mill. Coast of Veragua. M. cauata, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 67. Whorls shouldered, with an elevated revolving line below the suture, shortly obliquely ribbed below the shoulder ; dark chest- nut, aperture blackish. Length, 6°5 mill. Gulf of Fonseca, mud, 20 fms. (Hinds). M. concEntTRicosTaTa, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 48. Shell slenderly fusiform, spire acuminated, whorls very closely concentrically ribbed, sutures simple ; flesh-tinged brown. Length, 12 mill. Habitat unknown. Closely allied to M. variculosa, Sowb., but without the raised revolving striz of that species. M. MARGARITIFERA, Gray. PI. 15, figs. 39, 43. Whorls rounded or very slightly shouldered, reticulated by longitudinal and revolving fine ribs and lines; yellowish brown, tinged with chestnut, sometimes forming an indistinct central band. Length, 7 mill. Habitat unknown. With this species I unite M. dxdala, Reeve (fig. 48), also described without locality, but for which Mr. Brazier indicates Torres Straits, N. Australia. M. cARDINALIS, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 44. Obliquely longitudinally plicated, minutely transversely stri- ated ; yellowish white, with three narrow chocolate bands. Length, 10 mill. Isle of Negros, Philippines. M. CRASSILABRUM, Reeve. PI. 15, figs. 45, 47. Shell narrowly shouldered, the shoulder smooth, tubercularly == MANGILIA. 259 ribbed beneath, crossed by elevated revolving striz; yellowish brown, variously chocolate banded. Length, 16 mill. Isl. Ticao, Philippines ; Darnley Isl., N. Australia (Brazier), Bay of Hakodadi (Schrenck). A variety of this species is entirely without the colored bands. M. atpeicans, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 57. Slightly longitudinally ribbed, the ribs nodose at the sutures, with revolving strie towards the base of the body-whorl; whitish, more or less tinged with chestnut. Length, 6 mill. Straits of Malacca; mud, 17 fms. (Hinds). M. anauLaTA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 28. Whorls sharply angulated, with a few sharp narrow longi- tudinal ribs, crossing the shoulder to the suture, no revolving strie ; yellowish brown, lineated with pale chestnut. Length, 5 mill. Bay of Manilla (Cuming); Cape York, Australia (Brazier). M. cincta, Reeve. Pl. 24, fig. 29; Pl. 27, fig. 13. Rather narrowly shouldered, the shoulder-angle sharp pointed by the ribs, which attain the suture, interstices of the ribs with revolving striz ; yellowish brown, with a broad superior darker band. Length, 7°5 mill Philippines. I unite with this species M. nana, Reeve (Pl. 27, fig. 13), which is not banded. There is not sufficient distinction between this and the preceding species. M. onyzA, Hinds. PI. 23, fig. 94. Shell smooth, shining, with seven prominent plicate ribs; whitish. Length, 12 mill. New Guinea. M. macunaTa, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 72. White, with an orange-brown band, interrupted by the ribs, and appearing only in the interstices. Length, 10 mill. Darnley Isl., N. Australia (Brazier) ; Philippines (Cuming). 260 MANGILIA. M. TENEBROSA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 70. Shell turreted, with narrowly, flatly shouldered whorls and | deep sutures; distantly longitudinally ribbed, crossed by revolving striz ; dark chestnut-brown without and within. Length, 10 mill. Philippines. M. asyssicona, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 19. Whorls shouldered, the narrow, rather distant longitudinal ribs crossing the acute angle of the shoulder to the suture, © encircled by raised strie; yellowish brown, with a narrow chestnut central band. Length, 7-10 mill. Philippines. M. astricta, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 26. Whorls convex, without shoulder; longitudinally rather num- erously but narrowly ribbed; yellowish, with a narrow interrupted central chestnut band, and a still narrower superior one. Length, 11 mill. Habitat unknown. M. Goopatuil, Gray. Pl. 27, fig. 7. Whorls with narrow sloping shoulder; conspicuously narrowly ribbed, with wider concave interspaces bearing revolving striz ; whitish or yellowish, the striz pale brown. Length, 10 mill. Hab. unknown (Reeve); N. Australia (Brazier). M. pEssuLATA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 66. Whorls not shouldered, rather flat: rather numerously flexu- ously longitudinally ribbed, the interstices with revolving strie; whitish. Length, 11 mill. Philippines. M. coronata, Hinds. PI. 27, fig. 19. Whorls six, shouldered; plicately ribbed and transversely weer as 6 A em pen alt otal MIO ae a! BE striated, ribs somewhat acuminated at the upper part; yellowish white. Length, 12 mill. Straits of Macassar (Hinds). M. CeLesensis, Hinds. Pl. 27, fig. 12. Shell smooth, plicately ribbed, ribs rather distant; light yel- lowish, brown banded. Length, 12 mill. New Guinea. MANGILIA. 261 M. PYRAMIDALIS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 93. Shell pyramidal, slim, whorls with sloping shoulders, with narrow ribs reaching the sutures, and much wider interspaces, which are transversely striated ; yellowish white. Length, 7 mill. Philippines. Unjigured Exotic Species of Mangilia. M. monica, E. A. Smith. Japan. M. FLexvosa, M. MINUTISTRIATA, M. OPALINA, M. PLATYCHEILA, M. ACUTANGULARIS, of E. A. Smith. No locality. M. Pettyt, E. A. Smith. Persian Gulf. M. Cateponica, E. A. Smith. New Caledonia. M. rrizonata, E. A. Smith. Philippines. M. Fiticincra, E. A. Smith. Japan. M. Levvukensis, Watson. Fiji Islands. M. rracuys, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania. M. MerepitH14, Tenison-Woods. Bass Straits, Tasmania. M. semiassa, Gould. Hab. unknown. M. Terracona, Gould. China Sea. M. tures, Gould. Loochoo Sea. ?M. mica, Philippi. Red Sea. M. crassicostatTa, Dunker. : Viti Isles. M. ciavata, Sowerby. China Sea. M. Anna, Jousseaume. N. Caledonia. Section CytHara, Schumacher. M. MARGINELLOIDES, Reeve. Pl. 24, figs. 22, 17. Interstices of the longitudinal ribs either smooth or more or less thickly covered with fine revolving strie ; yellowish or ash- white, with fine, rather close chestnut revolving lines, sometimes interrupted by the ribs, sometimes crossing them, sometimes obsolete, shoulder usually tinged with chocolate. Length, 10-13 mill. Philippines, New Guinea, New Caledonia. M. Columbelloides, Reeve (fig. 17), is a synonym. M. AntitLaruM, Reeve. PI. 24, fig, 12. Shell ribbed, without revolving striz; yellowish brown, broadly 262 MANGILIA. banded with chocolate and shoulder tinged with the same color. Length, 16 mill. West Indies (Reeve). The locality may be doubted, as it has not been confirmed by any other authorities ; its distinctness from the preceding species is also doubtful. M. RETICULATA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 10; Pl. 25, figs. 45, 47. Longitudinally plicately ribbed, finely transversely striated ; yellowish, broadly two-banded with chocolate or bluish ash, the two bands sometimes coalescing into one and covering all except the upper portion of the body-whorl. Length, 9-12 mill. Philippines, N. Caledonia, Solomon’s Is., Viti Isles. M. Guestiert, Souverb. (Pl. 25, fig. 47), is a synonym, and M. Richardi, Crosse (Pl. 25, fig. 45), appears to be a small form, without bands. M. opEsa, Reeve. Pl. 26, fig. 71. Interstices of the ribs with strong revolving striz; whitish, the shoulder and base of the body-whorl tinged with chocolate, with a central rather broad band of the same color. Length, 10 mill. ' Philippines. Perhaps a variety of the preceding species. Described under the name of vittata, preoccupied by Hinds. M. ponpERosA, Reeve. Pl. 23, fig. 5. Numerously narrowly and delicately longitudinally ribbaad latticed by revolving striz ; yellowish white, interruptedly nar- rowly brown-banded at the slight shoulder, and occasionally tinged with brown elsewhere. Length, 16 mill. Philippines (Cuming); N. Australia (Brazier). M. CONOHELICOIDES. Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 4. Longitudinally many ridged, transversely striate; yellowish white, with sometimes a large orange-brown blotch on the back of the body-whorl. Length. 12 mill. Philippines, under stones (Cuming). M. erapata, Nevill. Pl. 25, fig. 44. Ribs narrow, straight, continuing to the base of the body- whorl, interstices regularly transversely striated; columella MANGILIA. 263 almost straight, slightly rugose above, outer lip nearly straight, very thick, regularly rounded ; pure white. Length, 5°75 mill. Ceylon, Bombay. Possibly a form of the preceding species. M. PLANILABROIDES, Tryon. PI. 21, fig. 28. Shell fusiform, smooth, narrowly, slopingly shouldered; brown with a superior white zone. Length, 10 mill. Isl. of Ticao, Philippines (Cuming). Described by Reeve as M. planilabrum, a name already used by him for the following species described as a Pleurotoma. M. PLANILABRUM, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 87. Shell ovately oblong, zeddish brown ; whorls convex, lineated spirally, ribbed longitudinally, ribs almost obsolete; aperture oblong, lip flat, red, denticulated within, canal very short. Length, 1 inch. Philippines (Cuming). M. pEcussaTA, Pease. PI. 25, fig. 37. Whorls shouldered; longitudinally narrowly ribbed, the broader interspaces with revolving striz; white. Length, 10 mill. Paumotus Is. M. citHarA, Gould. PI. 25, fig. 43; Pl. 22, fig. 50. Ribs rounded, prominent, the interspaces narrow, with close revolving striz ; white, sometimes obscurely chestnut-banded. Length, 8-10 mill. Fiji Is. (Gould) ; Paumotus Is. (Pease). Mr. Pease’s M. brevis (P1. 22, fig. 50) appears to be a synonym; the type, which is before me, is a specimen not fully grown. M. capiuLacEA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 73. Whorls lightly shouldered ; ribs narrow, flexuous, the inter- spaces broader, with revolving strie; light yellowish brown, encircled by hair-like brown lines on the summits of the strie. Length, 11 mill. Philippines (Cuming); Solomon Js. (KH. A. Smith); N. Australia (Brazier). M. Detacouriana, Crosse. PI. 25, fig. 32. Ribs rounded, narrower than the interspaces, surmounting the 18 264 ; MANGILIA. slight shoulder-angle and attaining the suture, revolving striz very fine and close; white, with traces of brown staining. Length, 12 mill. N. Caledonia. Is possibly a variety of the preceding species, from which it appears to differ only in the absence of the hair-like brown lines. M. Stromporpes, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 1. Interstices of the ribs with fine revolving striz; yellowish white. Length, 14 mill. Philippines (Cuming), Red Sea (Riippell). M. ELEGANS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 3. Interstices of the narrow ribs very beautifully elevately striated ; yellowish white, very faintly zoned with brown. Length, 13 mill. Philippines (Cuming). Perhaps a variety of the preceding species. M. Batansat, Crosse. PI. 25, fig. 35. Yellowish white, the interstices of the ribs chestnut-colored, obsoletely chestnut-banded. Length. 19°5 mill. New Caledonia. Narrower and more numerously ribbed than UM. Stromboides, Reeve. M. pusiosa, Nevill. Pl. 25, fig. 42. Doubtfully distinct from the next species, which is described and figured from a young shell. White, with a broad brown stain on the back of the last whorl; ribs narrow, straight, not on the shoulder, interstices closely striated, Length, 7°5 mill. Andaman Is.; Mauritius. M. conirormis, Gray. PI. 26, fig. 79. Shell rather transparent, thin, whitish; faintly plicate on the upper part of the whorls, transversely very faintly striated. Length, 9 mill. Habitat unknown (Reeve); W. Coast of Cent. Am. (Morch). M. SouveERBIEI, Tryon. PI. 22, fig. 65. Shell minutely tuberculate at the shoulder-angle, and covered MANGILIA. 265 by minute revolving striz; whitish, with a large dorsal brownish spot or stain. Length, 7 mill. New Caledonia. Described by Souverbie as I. coniformis, a name preoccupied by Gray, above. M. PULCHELLA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 20. Many ribbed, the ribs flexuous, narrow, the interstices very faintly reticulated ; yellowish white, with several narrow chestnut bands interrupted by the ribs. Length, 12 mill. Isle of Ticao, Philippines, on the sands (Cuming). M. vExitiuM, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 8. Whorls nodulous at the shoulder, with ribs descending from the nodules, entire surface of the shell decussately striated, as if very finely granulated; orange-yellow, with a number of narrow whitish bands. Length, 11 mill. Philippines, under stones (Cuming). M. LAMELLATA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 69. Sutures deep, a little cavernous, ribs narrow, erect, lamelli- form, somewhat pointed around the sutures, transversely strongly distantly striate; yellowish white, faintly zoned with pale brown. Length, 11 mill. Philippines, coarse sand, 7 fathoms (Cuming). M. REEvE!I, Tryon. Pl. 26, fig. 68. Longitudinally plicately ribbed ; ribs crossing the shoulder to the suture; yellowish white or light brown, banded with pale chocolate, crossed with numerous obscure fine white lines. Length, 11 mill. Philippines (Cuming). Described by Reeve as Mangilia crassilabrum, but the specific name is preoccupied by himself in Pleur. crassilabrum, which is also a Mangilia. M. InTERRUPTA, Reeve. PI. 23, figs. 14,75; Pl. 29, fig. 51. Shell nodose at the shoulder, with strong, narrow, rounded ribs descending from the nodules; whitish, with hair-like, chocolate, revolving lines between the ribs, sometimes approxi- mating into bands. Length, 7 mill. Philippines, Sandwich Isl., Mauritius, Abyssinia, Ceylon. 266 MANGILIA. Daphnella bella, Pease (unfigured), and Pl. gemmulata, Desh. (Pl. 22. fig. 51), are synonyms. M. aipposa, Reeve. PI. 24, figs. 24, 25. Whorls nodulous at the shoulder, smooth, ribs slightly flexuous; ashy white, encircled by faint orange-brown lines, back stained with pale black at the upper part. Length, 7 mill. Philippines, on the reefs (Cuming) ; Swan River, Australia. M. Nove-Hollandix, Reeve (fig. 25), appears to be only a variation of the main characters of this shell. M. cinnAMoMEA, Hinds. PI. 27, fig. 17. Shouldered, plicately ribbed, transversely obsoletely striated ; cinnamon-colored, narrowly white-banded. Length, 13 mill. New Guinea, Straits of Macassar, and Malacca. M. petiucipa, Reeve. Pl. 24, fig. 31; Pl. 22, fig. 63. Shell ovate, attenuated at both ends, smooth, transparent, shining, longitudinally closely ribbed, whitish, brown at the base, sometimes with three narrow, interrupted bands. Length, 5 mill. Habitat unknown (Reeve); Darnley Isl., Australia (Brazier); Philippines (Ad. and Reeve). M. trivittata, Ad. and Reeve (PI. 22, fig. 63), appears to be a banded form of this species. M. DERELIcTA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 30; Pl. 23, fig. 96. Longitudinally strongly ribbed, transversely obsoletely striated ; light brown. Length, 7 mill. Habitat unknown. “A strong ribbed species of ordinary form,” says Reeve. I do not find any sufliciently distinctive characters in either the description or figure of M. Zebuensis, Reeve ie 23, fig. 96), from the Philippines. M. apicaTa, Gray. Pl. 15, fig: 32. Whorls concavely flattened above a fine keel, nodosely plaited beneath, plaits fading away towards the lower part; transversely impressly striated ; pale yellow, reddish at the apex. Length, 7 mill. Habitat unknown. MANGILIA. 267 M. necuecta, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 35. Ribs rounded, approximated, transversely elevately striated ; rusty brown. Length, 10 mill. Gulf of Nicoya, W. Coast of Central America. Is quite as nearly related to Clathurella as to Cithara. M. anaeLa, Ad. and Angas. Pl. 25, fig. 34. Yellowish white, chocolate-tinted towards the base, aperture stained with violet in front. Length, 15 mill. Woodlark Isl., Australia. M. FUNICULATA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 16. Smooth, ashy brown, the ribs whitish. Length, 16 mill. Philippines. Mr. E. A. Smith (Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 538), considers this a synonym of MW. citharella, Lam. This may indeed be the case, but if so, we can retain but few of the numerous species of Mangilia. It is narrower than that species, and the outer lip is toothed, thus placing it in Cythara, whilst IW. citharella, having a plain lip, is a typical Mangilia. M. Dorvitir#, Gray. Pl. 16, fig. 65. Shell rather thin, narrowly shouldered ; longitudinally plicated, with fine revolving striz, more conspicuous towards the base ; whitish, with a pale brown three-line zone. Length, 9 mill. West Indies. M. Graciis, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 15. Ribs narrow, distant, the interstices with very fine revolving strie; whitish, with a central chestnut zone, and sometimes additional chestnut blotches. Length, 13 mill. ° Philippines (Cuming) ; Viti Islands (Garrett). M. cytinprica, Reeve. Pl. 23, fig. 92; Pl. 24, fig. 9. Slightly shouldered, longitudinally finely ribbed, the ribs attaining the suture, transversely elevately striated ; transparent white, stained with pale brown, spotted on the shoulder with orange-brown. Length, 10 mill. Philippines, sandy mud, 25 fms. (Cuming). 268 MANGILIA. M. rusirorMis, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 2. Yellowish white, stained or interruptedly fasciated with orange- brown. Length, 15 mill. . Philippines, coarse sand, 10 fms. (Cuming). M.tyrica, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 21. Whorls not shouldered ; lightly longitudinally ribbed, crossed by revolving elevated striz; light brown, indistinctly banded with orange-brown. Length, 11 mill. Philippines. Lightly ribbed, and more attenuated towards the base than the allied forms. M. turrRicuLa, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 23. Sutures deep; shoulder very narrow; whorls rather flat; whitish, sometimes with a central brown band, with fine brown revolving lines, invisible except with a lens. Length, 12 mill. Philippines, Mauritius. M. Biconor, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 65. Interstices of the ribs very finely transversely striated ; whitish above, but most of the body-whorl lead-color. Length, 11 mill. Darnley Isl., N. Australia (Brazier) ; Philippines (Cuming ). The coloring has probably faded from chocolate. M. picITALIs, Reeve. Pl. 27, fig. 24. Shell solid, granosely cancellated, yellowish white, with narrow brown sutural and peripheral bands. Length, 7 mill. Hab. unknown (Reeve) ; Solomon Js. (EK. A. Smith). M. rriticea, Kiener. PI. 25, fig. 51; Pl. 21, fig. 14. Longitudinal ribs oblique, transverse striz very fine but distinct, inner and outer lips both corrugated; whitish, with a broad central brown band on the back of the body-whorl, which when the shell is worn appears as a spot. Length, 10 mill. Indian Ocean (Kiener) ; Polynesia (Pease). Pease changed J. triticea, Reeve, to angiostoma, believing the species distinct from the Indian Ocean form described and figured under the name of triticea by Kiener. I cannot detect distinguishing characters, however; moreover Kiener’s locality Lee Re he A a oe OS AES te A nr eS iy eae Ss "i i OOS ate aati, ip ew ox net ayeneo MANGILIA. 269 may not be true, although if so, it would not make an extraor- dinary distribution for the species. M. FascraTA, Gray. PI. 26, fig. 74. Ribs latticed with conspicuous transverse striz; yellowish white, with a central, narrow, chestnut band. Length, 8°5 mill. Africa. I know nothing concerning this species. M. virtata, Hinds. PI. 22, fig. 66. Closely ribbed, crossed by numerous revolving striz ; yellowish brown, fasciate with chestnut. Length, 11 mill. Straits of Macassar, 10 fms., coarse sand (Hinds). M. exquisira, H. A. Smith. Pl. 24, fig. 6. Narrowly and distantly longitudinally ribbed, transversely very finely corded ; whitish, lineated and banded with chestnut. Length, 16 mill. Philippines (Cuming); Warrior I., Australia (Brazier). This species was figured by Reeve for a specimen in the Cumingian collection, under the name of vittata, Hinds (described above), but it is evidently a different species. M. metuLa, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 59. Whorls flattened, five in number; obsoletely ribbed, trans- versely striated, suture with a raised line; lip inflected in the middle ; yellowish brown, banded with chestnut. Length, 6 mill. Habitat unknown. M. ricipa, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 64. Shoulder undulated at the angle by the longitudinal ribs, which are crossed by raised striz; fulvous. Length, 8 mill. Panama. Partakes of the characters of Clathurella. Carpenter has described (but not figured) a var. fuscoligata, from Cape St. Lucas, L. California. I have not seen it. M. aspera, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 62. Shoulder very narrow, longitudinal ribs decussated by raised revolving lines ; chocolate-brown, aperture flesh-red. Length, 13 mill. Guayaquil (Hinds). 270 MANGILIA. M. suBuLA, Reeve. PI. 20, fig. 94. Closely reticulated with longitudinal and revolving lines, with a flatly obtuse keel near the suture, lip-sinus distinct; yellowish white, painted with chestnut spots around the suture. Length, 15 mill. Philippines, coarse sand, 7 fms. (Cuming) ; Darnley I., Australia (Brazier). — M. FarrBankt, Nevill. - Pl. 22, fig. 48. Ribs rounded, distant, continuous, crossed by distant revolving riblets which swell upon the ribs; leaden brown, stained with a darker shade on the outer lip and columella. Length, 6 mill. Bombay ; probably also Ceylon, and Andaman Is. Closely allied to M. hexagonalis, Reeve, but differs in the dentate aperture, shorter and more open canal, more distant and distinct revolving sculpture. M. DEBILIS, Pease. Pl. 25, fig. 33. Narrowly angulated at the suture, from which descend about ten longitudinal ribs, closely and finely crossed by revolving striz ; white, back of body-whorl stained with chestnut. Length, 6 mill. Paumotus Is. Described as Cythara dedalea, which name being preoccupied, was subsequently changed as above. M. uirsutum, Folin. PI. 30, fig. 75. Yellowish white, the earlier whorls darker. Length, 3:4 mill. Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina. M. Boaxtt, Nevill. Pl. 33, fig. 71; Pl. 25, fig. 36. Whorls narrowly round-shouldered at the top; longitudinal plice close, small, rather straight; no revolving striz; pinkish white, shining, with a subsutural interrupted chestnut band,and another about the top of the aperture, lower half of body-whorl pale chestnut ; interior two-banded with chestnut; lip thickened, internally minutely crenulated. Length, 12 mill. Ceylon, So. Australia. I think that MW. bicinctula, Nevill (fig. 71), will prove to be identical, and M. bella, Ad. and Angas (PI. 25, fig. 36), from Rapid Bay, So. Australia, may also, be considered a synonym. MANGILIA. DT Unfjigured species of Mangilia of the Section Cythara. M. intaminaTa, Gould (China Seas); M. GLAREOSA, Gould (Hong Kong ; M. atsictincra, Gould (Loo Choo Seas); M. Lora Gould (China Seas). All collected by Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped., and types destroyed in the great Chicago fire. M. taBecua, Gould. Dredged off the Coast of Georgia. May belong to Astyris, in Columbellide. M. LAnceonaTta, C. B. Adams. Jamaica. M. coronata, Mighels (Sandwich Islands). Pease thinks this may possibly — WV. triticea, Reeve. M. paucicostata, Pease (Tahiti); M. pusttua, Pease (Sandwich Islands); M. stricata, Pease (Sandwich Islands). M. Desatest and M. Tasmanica, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania. M. MacCoy1, Petterd. (Allied to I Tasmanica.) Tasmania. M. susTitis, Watson. Off Pernambuco. M. Hanteyt, Dunker. Upolu. M. mitium, Philippi. China. M. stnuaTA, Carp. (Panama); M. suBDIAPHANA, Carp., and M. FUSCONOTATA, Carp. (Cape St. Lucas). Section GLypHostoma, Gabb. Lienardia, Jousseaume (1884), of which the following species is made the type, is a synonym of Glyphostoma. M. nvusBIDA, Hinds. Pl. 15, fig. 34; Pl. 16, fig.53; Pl. 18, fig. 51. Pink outside and inside, the canaliculate sutures often black- banded, with frequently « white central band on the body-whorl, and a narrow black band below it. Length, 12 mill. New Guinea, New Ireland, Mauritius, Viti and Cook’s Is., New Caledonia. Kiener has apparently figured this species for Donovan’s Murex angulatus, of the British Channel. The synonymy also includes M. canaliculata, Pease (Pl. 18, fig. 51) = M. Peasei, Nevill, M. Bertiniana, Tapparone-Canefri (Pl. 16, fig. 53), and probably M. exquisita, Nevill. M. Peaset, was proposed instead of canaliculata, Pease, preoccupied by Reeve. bo 72 MANGILIA. M. rosEotTinctTA, Montrouzier. Pl. 16, fig. 54. Shell larger than the preceding species, more attenuated towards the base, spire longer, outer lip not so thick; rose- colored. Length, 19 mill. New Caledonia. Perhaps only a variety of I. rubida. M. marmorosa, Reeve. PI. 27, fig. 11. White, very sparingly spotted with orange-brown. Length, 11 mill. Habitat unknown. M. Issext1, G. and H. Nevill. Pl. 25, figs. 40, 48. White, with two narrow, interrupted orange bands, one of which reappears on the spire. Length (decollated), 7°75 mill. Ceylon. Var. Cernica (fig. 48), from Mauritius, is smaller (6°5 mill.), and retains the embryonal whorls. M. BICLATHRATA, Souverbie. Pl. 25, fig. 53. Yellowish white, with a sutural chestnut band, and two bands below it on the body-whorl; both lips plicate. Length, 2°5 mill. New Caledonia. M. InTERSTRIATA, E. A. Smith. PI. 25, fig. 50. Longitudinal ribs ten, thin, oblique, with revolving lines in the interspaces; both lips denticulate; whitish, banded with dark chocolate at the sutures, and also at the middle and base of the body-whorl. Length, 8 mill. San Christoval, Solomon Islands. “This species has much resemblance to Pl. biclathrata, Souv., and may eventually prove to be but a large variety of it.” M. onaGER, Souverbie. Pl. 25, fig. 46. Whitish, with chestnut stripes and bands. Length, 15 mill. - New Caledonia. M. unitineaTA, HE. A. Smith. Pl. 25, fig. 52. Longitudinally ribbed and transversely striate; both lips denticulate ; yellowish white or light brown, with an interrupted white median band margined below with chestnut. Length, 15 mill. San Christoval, Solomon Islands. MANGILIA. 273 M. AMABILIS, G. and H. Nevill. Pl. 30, fig. 76. White, with three double rows of bright brown granules on the ribs of the body-whorl, and one double row on those of the spire. Length, 7 mill. Mauritius. M. aprcuLaTa, Montrouzier. PI. 19, fig. 50. Translucent white, with a row of opaque white spots about the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 7 mill. New Caledonia (Montr.); Ceylon and Andaman Is. (Nevill). M. spurca, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 37. Yellowish brown, the revolving striz dark brown. Length, 22 mill. New Guinea and Straits of Malacca (Hinds) ; Australia (Brazier, Angas). M. cineREA, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 38. Yellowish brown; the space above the tuberculated angle smooth. Length, 17 mill. Hab. unknown. May be only a form of the preceding species. M. canpip4, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 41. Ribs rather broad, rounded, the revolving strie only at the base; white. Length, 14 mill. b Magnetic Island, Coast of Veragua (Hinds). M. AarGILLAceA, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 40. Brownish yellow; body-whorl with revolving striae towards the base. Length, 14 mill. Straits of Malacca, mud, 14 fms. (Hinds) ; Darnley Isl., Australia (Brazier). I cannot detect any difference between the figure of this species and that of M. candida, and I suspect that, notwithstanding the very different localities, they are identical. M. Monrrovuztert, Souverbie. Pl. 20, fig. 77. Orange-brown. Length, 26-5 mill. New Caledonia. The largest species of the section. M. opesa, Garrett. PI. 19, fig. 64. Yellowish brown. Length, 9 mill. Vili Islands. The type figured is evidently not adult. Q14 CLATHURELLA. M. ALBOVIRGULATA, Souverbie. Pl. 16, fig. 58. The rounded ribs crossed by narrow revolving ridges ; outer lip dentate within, inner lip with several oblique grooves ; light lilac, with white blotches below the sutures, the spiral sculpture also whitish. Length, 14 mill. New Caledonia. Unfigured Species of Glyphostoma. M. soror (Persian Gulf); M. Bisertata (Hab. ?) ; M. oprusicos- TATA (2? Japan, Persian Gulf); M. nuBrocrinota (77 Islands); M. BATHYRAPHE (Philippines) ;—all of Mr. HE. A. Smith. M. ocELLATA, Jousseaume. Mauritius. Section CirHAropsis, A. Adams. M. CANCELLATA, A. Adams. Acuminated above and below, reddish brown, spire and aper- ture equal; whorls convex; longitudinally costellate, transversely lirate, closely elegantly cancellate, last whorl produced and acuminated below. Japan. Unfigured. No dimensions given. M. sonipa, Reeve. Pl. 27, fig. 10. Solid, very closely granosely latticed throughout ; purplish. Length, 9 mill. Philippines, sand, T fms. (Cuming). Genus CLATHURELLA, Carpenter. CO. InFLATA, Crist. et Jan. PI. 32, fig. 30. Whorls very convex, with very narrow, curved, distant ribs and close fine revolving striz ; yellowish brown. Length, 1 inch. Mediterranean Sea (rare in living state). C. volutella, Kiener (figured) is a synonym. ©. strtA, Caleara. PI. 33, fig. 74, Whorls convex, with revolving lines, those of the spire only with longitudinal rounded ribs. Length, 13 mill. Mediterranean Sea. Described as a fossil, but a few recent fragments have been dredged. C. semiplicata, Bonelli, is a synonym. qn CLATHURELLA. a C. rornquaTa, Philippi. Pl. 20, fig. 78. Rather thin, subdecussate, whorls with sloping shoulders, the angle set with small tubercles. Length, 1 inch. Mediterranean, deep sea. Originally described as a fossil from Calabria, but recent specimens have been dredged at several localities. It is Pl. recondita, Tiberi. C. purPUREA, Montagu. PI. 18, figs. 40, 41. Whorls usually well rounded, clathrate by narrow ribs and almost equally strong revolving ridges; reddish or purplish brown, white-zoned below the middle of the body-whorl, the zone distinct within the lip. Length, 12-19 mill. Europe, Canary Islands. Var. PuitBerti, Mich. (fig. 41). Shell dwarf, more solid, fewer ribs, often particolored (P. bicolor, Risso). Var. LA V1, Phil. More lengthened and smaller than the type, very regularly trellised. It is the var. oblonga of Jeffreys and P. corbis, Michaud. Var. MAJoR, Monts. Length, 26 mill. Var. aTRA, Monts. Uniform dark chocolate. Var. FLAvIDA, Monts. Light yellowish, a little roseate. Var. aLBipa, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. White. Var. BicoLor, Risso. Brown with large white spots. Var. LINEOLATA, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. A brown line between each ridge. C. Corpreri, Payr. Pl. 32, fig. 34; Pl. 18, fig. 35; Pl. 20. fig. 79. Ribs and revolving ridges higher and sharper, and not so numerous as in the preceding species, the intersections produced, prickly, aperture more attenuated into a canal below; yellowish brown, irregularly mottled or streaked with chestnut. ' Length, 13-25 mill. Hurope. Var. CANCELLATA, Sowb. A large form, with convex whorls; white or light purplish with a lighter central band. Var. puncENs, Monts. Shell small, thick ; brownish, with white blotches. Var. uistrix,Jan. Intersections of the sculpture spinose. 276 CLATHURELLA. Var. RuDIS, Scacchi. Whorls less convex, shell thicker, apex more obtuse than the type, sculpture closer, less lamellar, canal shorter. Appears to form a connection between this species and JZ. purpurea. C. reticulata, Renieri (Pl. 18, fig. 35), and C. scabra, Jeffreys (Pl. 20, fig. 79) are synonyms. C. cLATHRATA, Marcel de Serres. PI. 33, fig. 68; Pl. 16, figs. 68, 70. Conspicuously latticed with coarse sculpture ; AVENUE large, truncate at base; yellowish white. Mediterranean and Adriatic; W. Africa. The synonyms include C. rudis, Phil. (fig. 68); C. granum, Phil.; C.quadrillum, Dujardin; C. cancellata, Caleara, and C. Delosensis, Reeve (Pl. 16, figs. 68, 70.) C. Leurroyi, Michaud. PI. 18, fig. 33. Ribs strong, rounded, not crossing the slightly concave sub- sutural area, encircled by very fine strize, which cross the ribs; yellowish gray, under a thin yellowish brown epidermis—of which it is usually denuded, variegated by irregular chestnut blotches arranged in two broad bands on the body-whorl, and a single band on those of the spire. Length, 15-18 mill. Hurope, Canary Islands. Var. CARNOSULA, Jeffreys. Pale flesh-color. Length, 20-22 mill. Var. ALBIDA, Bueq., Dautz. et Dollf. Uniform whitish. In sponges from Barbary. C. ringEARIS, Montagu. Pl. 18, fig. 34. Longitudinal ribs rounded, strong, crossed by rather numerous revolving lines; yellowish zray, the lines chestnut. Length, 9 mill. Europe, Canary Islands. Animal sluggish, frequently turns on its back and floats at the surface of the water, as do the related species. Spawn-cases separate, hemispherical, thin, membranous, one-fifth of an inch in diameter, with a small oval hole in the centre. They are attached .at the base to the inside of old bivalve shells and to other smooth surfaces. Each capsule contains from 200 to 300 fry. These are of a brown color and exquisitely reticulated, each —— en ee ee ee a ee My se CLATHURELLA. OTT having a single whorl, globular, and partially umbilicate, with a roundish mouth and an incomplete canal like that of Ianthina. The fry, when in the capsule, are very restless, and gyrate freely by means of their ciliated front lobes.—JErrreys, Brit. Conch., iv, 369. Var. MAsor, Requien. Nearly double the usual size. Var. BREVIS, Requien. Shell short. Var. #QUALIS, Jeffreys. Broader, with more rounded whorls and closer, less prominent sculpture than the type; apex yellowish white, colored lines regularly distributed and of a paler hue, or altogether wanting. Includes vars. inter- media and pallida of Forbes and Hanley. Var. viotaced, Monts. Dark violet. Var. RUBROLINEATA, Monts. Revolving lines red instead of chestnut. C. concinnA, Scacchi. PI. 34, fig. 85. Longitudinal ribs rounded, not very prominent, distant, revolving lines fine and numerous, canal very short, aperture wide, lip rather thick, smooth within, with shallow sinus; grayish, with interrupted bands and lines of chestnut. Length, 13 mill. Mediterranean Sea. Some authors consider this a var. major of the preceding species, but it appears to be sufficiently distinct in other respects besides that of size. C. puicata, C. B. Ad. PI. 30, fig. 98; Pl. 18, fig. 92. Longitudinal ribs 11-12, prominent, crossed by about the same number of strong, thread-like ridges, the intersections sometimes produced into nodules ; reddish chocolate, interior dark chocolate. Length, 6-8 mill. New England to Tampa Bay, West Coast of Florida. The shell is only whitish in dead specimens. Prof. Adams changed the name to plicosa, because Lamarck described a fossil Pleurotoma plicata ; of course, in Clathurella the original name can still be used. The synonyms include C. brunnea, Perkins, and C. Jewetti, Stearns (Pl. 18, fig. 92), the latter found on oysters at Tampa Bay, Fla. 248 CLATHURELLA. C. CANDIDULA, Reeve. Pl. 18, figs. 24, 23, 25. Longitudinally plicate, revolving ridges rather distant, con- spicuous ; pale straw-color, lip tinged with pink. The figure is said to be highly magnified, but the dimensions are not given. Var. D’Orsriany1, Reeve (fig. 23). Longitudinal plications obsolete. Var. CLATHRATA, Reeve (fig. 25). Light brown, variegated with reddish chestnut. C. QUADRATA, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 31. Strongly biangulated on the body-whorl; ribs distant, con- spicuous, revolving sculpture fine and close; whitish or yel- lowish; the interstices of the ribs often chestnut-color. Length, 5°5 mill. West Indies. Described by Reeve without locality. His figure is three times the size given above, but there are good reasons for sup- posing it to be magnified ; among them, is the fact that Prof. C. B. Adams: obtained a shell in Jamaica which, except for its diminutive size, exactly corresponds with Reeve’s figure. He proposed to call his species M. diminuta, in case it should prove distinct. My specimens confirm his suspicion and Krebs’ con- viction that the two species are identical. C. ANGULIFERA, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 22. Body-whorl biangulated, the upper and lower parts chestnut, the middle yellowish. West Indies. Dimensions not given, but greatly magnified in the figure. C. MONILIFERA, Sowb. PI. 14, fig. 9; Pl. 18, fig. 43. Shell minutely reticulated; white, tessellately painted with squares, each composed of four short parallel brown lines. Length, 5 mill. West Indies. Described as a Columbella, and included in that genus in the “ Manual,” v, p. 149; the figure, however, shows the Pleurotomid notch. P. scalpta, Reeve (Pl. 18, fig. 43), and P. fuscolineata, C. B. Ad., are synonyms. West Indies. At Set he 4 CLATHURELLA. 279 C. Guiipinat, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 44. Whorls slightly concavely shouldered above, nodosely plicated beneath, transversely very closely striated ; very dark chocolate or blackish, interior same color. Length, 8 mill. West Indies. C. ANTILLARUM, d’Orbigny. PI. 20, figs. 82, 85, 88. Whitish, whorls clathrate, slightly, narrowly shouldered. Length, 5—9 mill. West Indies. I think that C. Lavalleana, d’Orb. (fig. 85), and C. Vespuc- ciana, d’Orb. (fig. 88), are synonyms. C. CanipzA,d’Orb. PI. 20, fig. 87. Distinctly shouldered, longitudinally costate, encircled by thread-like lines ; light yellowish brown or whitish. Length, 4°5 mill. West Indies. C. ELATIOR, d’Orb. PI. 20, fig. 84. Shell finely clathrate, whitish or light brown. Length, 4 mill. West Indies. C. nupricatTa, Reeve. Pl. 18, fig. 29; Pl. 20, fig. 83. Very distantly ribbed, closely transversely striate; yellowish white to chestnut-colored. Length, 6 mill. West Indies. I think C. Auberiana, d’Orb. (PI. 20, fig. 83) is a synonym. C. CanpEANA, d’Orb. PI. 20, fig. 93. Whitish, spire longitudinally plicate, body-whorl without sculpture except a few revolving lines at the base. Length, 4 mill. West Indies. C. macrostoma, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 27. Whorls convex, spire obtuse: ribs rounded, large, close, oblique, vanishing below, aperture very narrow, sinuous; bluish purple, lineated transversely with red. West Indies. Figure greatly magnified. C. occipenTALIS, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 28. The close longitudinal ribs are nodosely decussated by narrow 19 280 CLATHURELLA. revolving ridges; canal narrow, rather long, curved; chestnut- brown. West Indies. Dimensions not given, but figure much magnified. C. TuRBINELLOIDES, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 26. Whorls smooth, longitudinally ribbed, ribs varicose; whitish, banded with chocolate lines, arranged in pairs. West Indies. No dimensions given, but figure greatly magnified. C. INFLEXA, von Martens. PI. 20, fig. 95. Whorls angulate in the middle, with about nine rounded ribs, and numerous revolving strie; pink-white. Length, 5 mill. Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Said to be allied to C. Auberiana, d’Orb. A single specimen found in the stomach of a fish. C. occaTa, Hinds. PI. 18, fig. 46. Shell light yellowish brown. Length, 10 mill. Magnetic Island, West Coast of Veragua (Hinds). C. merita, Hinds. PI. 18, fig. 32. Shell shortly plicately ribbed, transversely striated, angulated next the suture; yellowish, back of last whorl clouded with brown, with a brown line on the shoulder-angle. Length, 12 mill. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America (Hinds). C. scutpra, Hinds. PI. 17, fig. 14. Whorls rather flatly convex, ribbed longitudinally, crossed by fine revolving lines; ribs rounded, rather compressed, leaving off near the suture, outer lip externally varicose; yellowish, banded with light brown. Length, 21 mill. Panama. Hinds’ unique specimen, figured above, was not adult; I add the varicose lip from an adult before me. C. CAnFIELDI, Dall. Pl. 20, fig. 91. Shell narrowly shouldered ; numerous indistinct longitudinal plications fade out towards the lower part of the body-whorl, about sixteen revolving ridges on the body-whorl, sinus deep; CLATHURELLA. 281 yellowish white, without bands or with from one to three narrow chocolate bands. Length, 8 mill. Monterey, Cal. C. aFFinis, Dall. Pl. 20, fig. 80.- Strongly ribbed and transversely striated, narrowly shouldered; outer lip internally lirate, much thickened, with two strong den- ticulations, inner lip with four or five crenulations on the colu- mella; livid purple, with a single white band on the middle of the body-whorl, appearing just above the suture of the penulti- mate whorl. Length, 6 mill. Cape St. Lucas, L. Cal.; San Miguel Isl., So. California. C. Haysrana, Angas. PI. 15, fig 46. Whorls angulated, the decussating sculpture forming nodules; dull chalky gray, apex and interior of aperture purple. Length, 12 mill. New South Wales, Australia. C. reTIcosa, Adams and Angas. Ovately fusiform, fuscous, with a median white band; whorls six, rather flat, with scarcely a sutural angle, reticulated (but not nodulous) by sculpture; aperture elongately ovate, lip nodosely lirate within. L. 12, diam. 5 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. ‘“‘ A species very similar in its general character to C. purpurea, Bl., from the Mediterranean.” C. TENUILIRATA, Angas. PI. 16, fig. 52. Shell solid, opaque, pale brown; longitudinal ribs eight, com- pressed, prominent, crossed by narrow, distant erect ridges, becoming sharply angular at the intersection, the entire spaces between them being very closely and regularly ornamented with fine hair-like concentric striz ; outer lip thin-edged, variced, the interior with a tubercle next the posterior sinus, which is broad and shallow. Length, 8 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. C. Rissorpes, Reeve. Pl. 27, figs. 8, 9. Shell smooth, shining, semitransparent; first three whorls longitudinally plaited, the rest smooth, the last with a varix nearly opposite the aperture (accidental’); columella spirally 282 CLATHURELLA. twisted, lip rather thickened, delicately denticulated within, sinus small, distinct; whitish, washed with clouded yellow streaks, apex pink. Length, 23 mill. Isle of Ticao, Philippines, on the reefs (Cuming. A curious shell, with which I am not acquainted. C. GRANULOsISsIMA, Tenison-Woods. PI. 32, fig. 20. Shell somewhat like C. sculptilis, but differs in having the fine spiral liree conspicuously granular, about every fourth one being larger than the others; color uniform pale brown; longitudinal ribs very conspicuous; sinus very faint. Length, 6°5 mill. N. Tasmania, Figured from a type specimen in the collection of the Royal Society of Tasmania. C. scuLPTILIs, Angas. PI. 16, fig. 51. Moderately solid, pale brown; whorls seven, rounded, a little excavated next the sutures; with about nine rounded ribs, between which are numerous fine erect longitudinal striz, which become crescent-shaped on the flattened area below the sutures, and encircled with numerous concentric, somewhat irregular ridges, which are slightly nodulous at the intersections; outer lip varicose, slightly suleate within, sinus rather deep. Length, 8 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. C. scuLPTILIorR, Tenison-Woods. PI. 32, fig. 27. Differs from the preceding species in being smaller, without smooth subsutural space, ribs sixteen, revolving sculpture alter- nately larger and smaller, lines of growth not very visible; brownish white. Length, 5°5 mill. Tasmania. Figured from a type in Coll. Roy. Soe. of Tasmania. C. prpinis, Hinds. PI. 17, fig. 16. Whorls rounded, without sutural shoulder, ribs small, close, extending to the sutures, crossed by revolving striz ; yellowish, darker between the ribs. Length, 11 mill. New Guinea, Straits of Macassar (Hinds) ; Darnley Isl., Australia (Brazier). CLATHURELLA. 283 C. oxYcLATHRUS, Martens. PI. 16, fig. 49. Whorls clathrate by distant longitudinal and revolving lire, forming nodes at the intersections, interstices finely cancellate ; sinus narrow and deep; light yellowish brown. Length, 1 inch. New Guinea. C. Cuminaii, Powis. Pl. 26, fig. 76; Pl. 23, fig. 90. Ribs slightly nodulous, columella spirally plaited, canal very short and slightly recurved ; lip somewhat thin, without external varix, sinus small, distinct ; pale orange-brown with small deeper- colored spots, the revolving striz white. Length, 34 mill. Grimwood’s Island ; Philippines. C. albibalteata, Reeve (Pl. 23, f. 90), appears to be a slight variation only in coloring and sculpture from the type. C. TriTonoipEs, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 91. Delicately cancellated with very finely nodulous longitudinal ribs and elevated transverse strie; lip thickened, sinus small; yellowish brown, obscurely banded with white in the middle. Length, 23 mill. Philippines (Cuming). C. FENESTRATA, Reeve. Pl. 26, fig. 83. Shell thin, pellucid, whorls latticed throughout with rather distant superficial ridges, lip simple, sinus rather broad ; trans- parent white, faintly stained with orange. Length, 10 mill. Philippines, coral sand at 9 fms. (Cuming). The Messrs. Adams place this in Daphnella on account of its thin lip, a feature which I suppose to be due to juvenility, as the shell has the facies of a Clathurella. . C. ocrancuna, Dunker. Pl. 16, fig. 50. Shell solid, obtusely shouldered, strongly ribbed, transversely substriate ; yellowish white, with an interrupted chestnut band. Length, 10 mill. C. Srnciarei, E. A. Smith. PI. 34, fig. 91. YE Spiral strie close, most apparent in the interstices of the ribs ; pale brown or purplish brown, with a central pale spiral band. Length, 11 mill. New Zealand. First described by Prof. F. W. Hutton as C. Letowrneuxiana, 284 CLATHURELLA. Crosse. Subsequently, ascertaining that it is distinct from that species, he named it C. luteofasciata, Reeve—from which it is also distinct. Mr. Gillies calls it as above. C. FUSCOBALTEATA, Smith. Pl. 25, fig. 59. Yellowish, pale violet or lilac towards the apex, banded with light brown, one band at the top of the whorls darker than the rest ; ribs about sixteen, crossed by fine lire ; lip thickened within and exteriorly, thin at the extreme edge, smooth interiorly, sinus sutural, small. Length, 12 mill. Japan. C. suBzonATA, Smith. Pl. 25, fig. 56. Light yellowish brown, more or less distinctly medianly banded, with opaque white lines interrupted by dark brown dots or short lines, sometimes marked with opaque white streaks just beneath the suture, and with a second less apparent transverse band around the lower part of the body-whorl; ribs sixteen, crossed by spiral lire ; lip moderately thickened, smooth within, with a small sutural sinus. Length, 17 mill. Japan. C. CANALICULATA, Reeve. PI. 17, fig. 9. Ovately turreted, suture of the spire channeled, whorls finely latticed with raised strie, sinus large ; whitish. Length, 9 mill. Hab. unknown. A light elegantly formed shell, contracted at the base. C. Ropriiarpl, Barclay. Pl. 16, fig. 55. Shell thin, white, with distant, thin, ridge-like ribs, and distant revolving lire, more closely striate at the base. Length, 1 inch. Mauritius. C. BicoLtor, Angas. PI. 16, fig. 61. Rather solid, light yellowish brown, the sutures, lower half of the body-whorl and interior of aperture reddish chestnut ; whorls very narrowly, obtusely shouldered; longitudinal ribs close, crossed by revolving striz ; outer lip thin, denticulated within, strongly varicose externally, sinus rather broad and deep. Length, 7-12 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. It is possible that Drillia vexillum, Reeve, is identical with this species, and if so, that name has priority. qn CLATHURELLA. 28 C. atpocincta, Angas. PI. 17, fig. 84. Moderately solid; reddish brown, with a rather broad white band on the middle of the body-whorl, visible on the spire; lip thickened, dentate within. Length, 5 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. C. zonuLatTa, Angas. PI. 17, fig. 89. Rather solid, light brown, banded with ashy gray below the sutures and towards the base of the last whorl, encircled with rather distant fine brown lines; longitudinally nodosely plicate, transversely closely lirate ; lip thin, varicose, sinus moderate. Length, 8 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. C. RuFozonaTA, Angas. PI. 17, fig. 100. Shell solid, white, sometimes with a zone of double interrupted chestnut lines near the base of the body-whorl, similar markings being apparent here and there near the upper portion of the whorls; ribs nodose. Length, 5 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. C. pustuLata, Angas. PI. 17, fig. 85. Moderately solid, whorls rounded, white, irregularly longi- tudinally flamed with chestnut on the upper whorls, with two broad brown bands on the last whorl; sinus rather broad and shallow. Length, 7 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. May be at once recognized by the stout granules at the base of the pillar. C. mopesta, Angas. PI. 17, fig. 92. Solid, fulvous brown; intersections of sculpture nodulous ; columella with a few strong granulations at the base. Length, 5 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. Closely allied to and perhaps identical with C. granulosissima, Tenison-Woods. C. Brencuteyi, Angas. PI. 17, fig 93. Shell moderately solid, light brown, inclining to ash-color towards the apex ; aperture tinged with brown. Length, 18 mill. N.S. Wales, Australia. 286 CLATHURELLA. +6: GRACILISPIRA, E. A Smith. Pl. 17, fig. 94 Light yellowish brown, faintly banded with chestnut between the ribs on the upper part of the whorls, and stained with chestnut below the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 15 mill. Japan. More slender, the whorls more convex, the extremities more lengthened and attenuated than C. bicolor, Angas. C. LETOURNEUXIANA, Crosse. PI. 17, figs. 87, 86; Pl. 34, fig. 99. Yellowish brown, or light reddish brown. Length, 12 mill. New South Wales; Tasmania. Var. LALLEMANTIANA, Crosse. PI. 17, fig. 86. Two of the revolving lines more prominent, ridge-like. C. incrusta, Tenison-Woods (PI. 34, fig. 99), is a smaller shell, 7 mill., with two of the revolving strize more prominent (on the body-whorl 8-9), slightly keel-like. I figure it from a specimen sent to me by Mr. C. E. Beddome, of Tasmania. I believe it to be a synonym of C. Letourneuxiana, var., one of my specimens of the latter exhibiting a transition from the normal type with equal revolving sculpture to the form with two more prominent lines. C. PYRAMIDULA, Reeve. PI. 17, fig. 20. Closely latticed with small numerous flexuous longitudinal ribs and revolving strive, a narrow shoulder below the sutures ; body- whorl somewhat truncated at the base; yellowish brown, or yellowish white. Length 11 mill. Habitat unknown (Reeve); New Guinea (Brazier), C. NAGASAKIENSIS, Smith. Pl. 19, fig. 71. Yellowish brown; closely sculptured by longitudinal numerous ribs and spiral strive; a very slight concave constriction below the sutures; aperture rather small, light brown within, outer lip thin. Length, 17 mill. Japan. Has the appearance of immaturity. C. mutica, Hinds. PI. 34, fig. 98. Not ribbed, transversély striate ; yellowish brown, with longi- tudinal aheouial strigations and a median white pe chestnut at the base. Length, 15 mill. Straits of Malacca, 17 fms., mud (Hinds), Te yy b-ngentty, 4 +) Sei ewer. CLATHURELLA. 287 C. scALARIS, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 78. Ribs rounded, but narrower than represented by the figure, running into the suture, like the lamelle of Scalaria; closely trans- versely striate, whorls convex, with well-impressed sutures; light yellowish brown, with a narrow indistinct chestnut zone below the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 9 mili. Straits of Macassar, coarse sand, 12 fms. (Hinds). C. amaBILis, Hinds. PI. 114, fig. 6. Ribs few, distant, narrow, revolving striae fine and close; pale orange-brown, last whorl with a narrow white band, suture orna- mented with white spots. Length, 16 mill. Straits of Malacca, 17 fms., mud (Hinds). Very closely allied to the preceding species, but larger, with less numerous ribs. OQ. NEXA, Reeve. PI. 16, fig. 69. Whorls rounded, plicately ribbed, encircled with fine narrow cords, becoming nodulous on crossing the ribs; lip flattened, sinus broad; whitish, stained with chestnut, the cords darker chestnut or chocolate. Length, 12-15 mill. Philippines (Cuming); Viti Islands (Garrett). C. PHILIPPINENSIS, Reeve. PI. 16, fig. 81. Ventricose, rather transparent, white, longitudinally ribbed, ribs very delicate, rather compressed, somewhat distant, and variously painted with black or chestnut and opaque-white. Length, 14 mill. Philippines, under stones, at low-water (Cuming). I suspect that this will prove to be a color-variety of the pre- ceding species. C. GRANICOSTATA, Reeve. Pl. 16, fig. 80; Pl. 17, fig. 88. Yellowish or blush-brown, with a white band above the middle, the nodules darker-colored, Length, 9-13 mill. Viti Islands (Garrett) ; Mauritius (Robillard). C. rufinodis, Martens (fig. 88), is a synonym. 288 CLATHURELLA. C. METCALFIANA, Reeve. PI. 17, fig. 17. Shell ovate, rather thick, with close revolving elevated striz, longitudinally somewhat obsoletely grooved towards the apex; white, painted with two bands of reddish brown spots. Length, 8 mill. Habitat unknown. C. FORAMINATA, Reeve. PI. 17, fig. 7. Very closely latticed with narrow longitudinal and transverse strie; yellowish. Length, 6 mill. Hab. unknown. C. FimBRIATA, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 82. Longitudinally closely, numerously laminate, the lamine short, flexuous, dentate; lip crenulated, reflected, sinus very small ; pale reddish brown, with a central white, narrow band. Length, 9 mill. New Guinea. C. PARVULA, Reeve. PI. 16, fig. 72. Whorls rather swollen, longitudinally ribbed, transversely very minutely ridged ; pale yellowish brown. Length, 6 mill.? Habitat unknown. Reeve gives no dimensions, but his figure is probably magnified three times—as are most of the others upon the same plate. C. FOVEOLATA, Reeve. PI. 16, fig. 73. Reticulated with strong clevated ridges, granose at the inter- sections; white. Length, 5 mill. Habitat unknown. “The interstices of the reticulations are peculiarly deeply pitted.” C. REFLEXA, Reeve. Pl. 16, fig. 74. Shell Triton-shaped, longitudinally ribbed, transversely strongly ridged; aperture rather long, sinuous, lip reflexed, denticulated within; whitish, tinged with chestnut between the ribs. Length, 7 mill. Hab. unknown (Reeve); N. Guinea (Brazier). C. BILINEATA, Angas. PI. 17, fig. 4. Whorls angulate above, coarsely longitudinally ribbed and transversely ridged, the interstices very finely decussately striated ; posterior sinus very shallow; pale straw-color or light CLATHURELLA. 289 brown, nearly white round the aperture and at the base, with a narrow chestnut band just below the suture, and a second between the periphery and base of the last whorl. Length, 4 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. C. BICARINATA, Pease. PI. 17, fig. 90. Shell white, decussately striated, the body-whorl with two, the spire-whorls with one stout revolving keel, crenulated on the edge ; sinus a very narrow deep slit terminating in a round hole. Length, 10 mill. Kingsmill Islands. C. CARINULATA, Souverbie. Pl. 17, fig. 95. Longitudinally obscurely ribbed, and transversely striated, ribs disappearing towards the base, where the striz become stronger; body-whorl tricarinate, those of the spire bicarinate, carine nodulous ; whitish, maculated with yellowish chestnut. Length, 8 mill. New Caledonia. C. TRICARINATA, Reeve. Pl. 17, fig. 15; Pl. 26, fig. 91. Shell finely decussated by raised striz, last whorl three-, upper ones one-keeled ; white. Length, 12 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Japan (Dunker). Mr. Garrett writes to me that this — the unfigured Purpura exilis, Dunker, from the Viti Islands. See Manual, ii, 176. I think W. lactea, Reeve (Pl. 26, fig. 91), is a larger specimen of the same species. C. Hinpst, Reeve. PI. 17, fig. 12. White, faintly variegated with pale brown; last whorl with four distant revolving ridges, the others with two, delicately cancellated with numerous compressed smaller ribs. Figure slightly magnified. Philippines. C. putcHERRIMA, H. Adams. PI. 17, fig. 99. Clathrate by three revolving ridges, and longitudinal lines ; whitish ; whorls four, convex, the last subventricose. Length, 7 mill. New Hebrides. 290 CLATHURELLA. C. PUNCTICINCTA, Reeve. PI. 16, fig. 79. Longitudinally rather obscurely plicated, interstices very minutely striated, sinus rather large; whitish, with an inter- rupted band of chestnut on the periphery, coloring the interstices of the ribs so as to form a circle of spots. Length, 8 mill. Hab. unknown. C. nETUSA, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 83. Ribs rounded, close, forming a coronal on the shoulder-angle, crossed by revolving striz ; orange-brown, purplish at the apex. Length, 8 mill. Straits of Macassar, sand at 8 fms. (Hinds). C. eximrA, Reeve. Pl. 11, fig. 5. Shell with narrow longitudinal lamelle, fimbriated by the intersection of revolving sculpture; sinus rather indistinct, canal slightly twisted. Length, 18 mill. Philippines, under stones at low-water (Cuming), I am not acquainted with this Trophon-like species. The sinus, though somewhat indistinct, is fully sufficient, according to Reeve, to place it in the Pleurotomide. C. SEMIGRANOSA, Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 98. Whorls concave round the upper part, nodosely ribbed in the middle, granulated beneath; whitish, encircled round the lower part with an orange band. Length, 8 mill. Hab. unknown. C. CAVERNOSA, Reeve. Pl. 17, fig. 10; Pl. 19, fig. 69. Slightly angulated above, longitudinally distantly ribbed, latticed with narrow raised revolving ridges, cavernously grooved near the base; chestnut, lighter on the ridges. Length, 6-7 mill. Philippines (Cuming); Viti Is. (Garrett). C. infrasulcata, Garrett (Pl. 19, f. 69), is a synonym: the figure does not represent the type specimen nearly as well as does that of Reeve. C. mIcAns, Hinds. PI. 17, fig. 8. Chestnut-color, with small, rather sharp, whitish, oblique ribs, fading towaras the suture; back of last whorl smooth; lip thin, acute, smooth within. Length, 8 mill. Gulf of Papagayo, mud at 14 fms. (Hinds). Pe elite 29 Ron yr CLATHURELLA. 291 C. atumacgea, Hinds. PI. 17, fig. 13. cae . . Pale brown, shining, rather strongly shouldered ; ribs short, rounded, running into the suture, transversely striated, aperture brown. Length, 6 mill. New Guinea, mud at 22 fms. (Hinds). C. DENTIFERA, Hinds. PI. 17, fig. 19. Whorls five, ribbed, crossed by revolving lines ; ribs numerous, small, narrow, running into the suture; lip crenulated, dilated and toothed at the lower part, columella furnished with a tooth at the lower part; orange-brown. Length, 13 mill. N. Guinea ; Straits of Malacca, mud at 5-17 fms. (Hinds). C. Marrtens!, Nevill. Pl. 19, fig. 47. Dark brown, the granules lilac-color ; columella twisted in the middle, with a few minute denticulations at its edge, violet ; outer lip bright brown, with a deep rounded sinus, and four strong lilac-colored teeth. Length, 5 mill. Ceylon, in sand. C. Buanrorpt, Nevill. Pl. 19, fig. 48. Granulate, with an excavated furrow near the base of the body- whorl; lip thickened, with two or three granules, and a rather large sinus ; lilac-colored throughout. Length, 5°75 mill. Annesley Bay, Abyssinia ; Polynesia. C. rosea, Dunker, from McKean Isl., Phoenix Group, appears to be the same. C. PoLynesiensis, Reeve. PI. 17, fig. 3. Whorls narrowly obtusely shouldered, longitudinally closely ribbed, transversely striated ; lip thickened, sinus large; white. Length, 6-8 mill. : Paumotus Is. C. REEVEANA, Deshayes. PI. 19, figs. 56, 75. Surface almost microscopically decussated, the spiral sculpture being generally the strongest; whitish, with light chestnut revolving lines, irregularly distributed, approximating or distant. Length, 7-9 mill. Isle of Bourbon, Mauritius, Andaman Is., Vitti and Paumotus TJs. C. tumida, Pease (fig. 75), and, according to A. Garrett, the unfigured C. concinna, Dunker, are synonyms. 292 CLATHURELLA. C. cycLopHorA, Desh. PI. 19, fig. 54. Obsoletely longitudinally plicate, transversely distinctly striate, suture somewhat corded and noduled; white flamed with brown. Length, 7 mill. Isle of Bourbon; Mauritius. Appears to be very closely related to the preceding species. C. paBlosa, E. A. Smith. Pl. 20, fig. 89. Obliquely longitudinally costate, transversely sulcate, sulci indistinct on the ribs, whorls angulated above; white, witha pellucid zone below the suture. Length, 5 mill. Whydah, W. Africa. C. Smirat, Nevill. Pl. 19, fig. 49. Whorls slopingly shouldered above the middle, smooth above the angle, closely reticulated and granular below it, longitudinal sculpture becoming obsolete towards the base; sometimes addi- tionaily keeled just below the suture; white, tinged with pale brown on the columella and outer lip. Length, 3°5 mill. Persian Gulf. C. ALBosTRIGATA, Baird. Pl. 19, fig. 53. Whitish or light yellowish brown, marked on the back of the body-whorl with a pure white chalky-looking band, and in some instances with an interrupted band of brown. Length, 6 mili. New Caledonia. C. tincta, Reeve. PI. 16, figs. 16,75; Pl 17, fis: 96;~ Pl az5 fig. 40. Longitudinal ribs strong, with revolving riblets reticulating them, interstices deep; sinus broad; white, interruptedly banded above and below with orange-brown spots. Length, 9-12 mill. Viti Is., New Caledonia, Paumotus, New Guinea. C. albifuniculata, Reeve (fig. 15), is asynonym, and C. rubro- guttata, H. Adams (PI. 17, fig. 96), which Mr. Garrett writes to me — the unfigured C. corrugata, Dunker, appears to me to be merely a small variety. ©. FELINA, Hinds. Pl. 17, fig. 18; Pl.19, fis. TO; Pl. 22; fic. Gaz Pl. 32, fig. 40. Decussated by longitudinal and revolving sculpture, yellowish white, with chestnut short longitudinal strigations upon the se. WW, & CLATHURELLA. 293 granules, often upon every alternate rib, interrupted by a central white space, and again painted towards the base. Length, 8-10 mill. New Ireland, Upolu, New Caledonia. Reeve’s figure (fig. 18) is a very poor one; that of Hinds (PI. 32, fig. 40) is better, but neither that, nor the figure of one of the synonyms, C. apicalis, Montrouzier (PI. 22, fig. 64), exhibits per- fectly the usual arrangement of the coloring; sometimes this coloring is broken up and more or less dispersed over the sur- face, and then there is considerable resemblance to the preceding species. Cl. picta, Dunker (unfigured), is probably identical, and Cl. maculosa, Pease (PI. 19, fig. 70), appears to be a small variety. C. PUNCTIFERA, Garrett. PI. 19, fig. 74. Ribs small, narrower than their interstices, ten to eleven on the body-whorl, crossed by smaller transverse ridges, the granules of intersection light brown, the rest of the shell cinereous ; sinus rather large, semicircular, lip six-toothed within. Length, 5 mill. Society, Samoa and Viti Islands. This species is allied to the preceding ; the spots on the granu- lated ribs are not shown on the figure—in which the ribs also are too narrow. C. perPLEXA, Nevill. Pl. 19, fig. 65. Uniform ash-color, a shade or two darker in the interstices of the ribs and near the apex; columella, outer margin of the lip and interior of the aperture bright chestnut-brown; outer lip very sharp, irregularly undulating, obsoletely granulated just within the aperture. Length, 6 mill. Bombay, Ceylon. C. sincutaris, Nevill. Pl. 19, fig. 61. Faintly and obtusely ribbed, crossed by distant raised lines ; whorls obtusely angulated at the periphery ; white, in the centre of the ribs on the last whorl ornamented with obsolete brown spots. Length, 8°5 mill. Andaman Islands. C. Masont, Nevill. Pl. 19, fig. 60. Sharply shouldered, white, outer lip granular within. Length, 4 mill. Andaman Islands. 294 CLATHURELLA. C. Enainzrormis, Nevill. Pl. 19, fig. 58. Openly clathrate, nodulous at the intersections of the sculpture ; white, with a single, somewhat irregular yellow band, repeated a little below the middle of the last whorl; some of the granules on this band are yellow, whilst others are white. Length, 5°5 mill. ; Ceylon. C. contorTuLA, Nevill. Pl. 19, fig. 55. White, with a pink tinge towards the apex. Length, 5°5 mill. Ceylon. C. optusa, Reeve. Pl. 16, fig. 77. Obtusely ribbed, transversely finely ridged, sinus broad; pale yellow. Length, 15 mill? Habitat unknown. No dimensions are given by Reeve. Perhaps his figure is a magnified one. C. Armstronal, Nevill. Pl. 19, fig. 59. Distantly and obtusely ribbed, crossed by fine regular striz; columella much twisted, with a shining, granulated callosity, outer lip very closely minutely granulate just within the aperture, sinus remarkably wide, deeply excavated ; chocolate-brown. Length, 5 mill. Andaman Is. C. ARcTATA, Reeve. PI. 17, fig. 2. Ribs corded with raised striz, lip thickened, peculiarly effused, sinus large; dull white. Length, 7 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Darnley I., N. Australia (Brazier). C. DEDALEA, Garrett. Pl. 19, fig. 66. Yellowish white, maculated with small irregular chestnut- brown spots, mostly confined to the ribs; whorls slightly tabu- lated at the sutures; ribs rounded, compressed, 13-14 on the body-whorl, slightly oblique, crossed by small, revolving elevated lines, forming granules at the intersections; sinus deep, outer lip varicose, crenulate and shortly lirate within, columella faintly rugose with oblique wrinkles. Length, 8 mill. Viti Islands. The coloration is very like C. felina, Hinds, but this is a narrower species. CLATHURELLA. 295 C. Braziert, Angas. PI. 17, fig. 98. Whorls narrowly shouldered, longitudinally plicate, trans- versely finely ridged; outer lip thin, simple within, sinus wide, not very deep; pale brown, a little darker on the body-whorl and at the apex. Length, 6 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. Described as a Clathurella, but the thin outer lip might remove it from the group—unless the diagnosis is from a young shell. C. cauaTa, Garrett. Pl. 20, fig. 99. Ribs ten, nodose, crossed by 10-11 revolving ridges, interstices scabrous with close, elevated longitudinal striz; sinus large ; cinereous, stained with luteous, nodules whitish and obsoletely lineated in the spiral grooves. Length, 6 mill. Viti Islands. C. aranosa, Dunker. PI. 19, fig. 72. Cinereous, with four or five revolving brown lines on the upper whorls and three near the base; ribs twelve, rather stout, inter- stices with small transverse ridges, which form nodules on the ribs ; sinus large, rounded, peristome 6—7 toothed within. Length, 5 mill. Vitt and Samoa Islands. The figure does not do justice to this species ; it is narrower, and the lineations are more prominent. Dunker’s species remains unfigured, but its identity with C. semdlineata, Garrett, is admitted by the latter in a note to me. C. LINEOLATA, Gray. Pl. 21, fig. 14. Somewhat fusiformly oblong, longitudinally obtusely ribbed ; whitish, encircled with very fine brown lines. Length, 6 mill. Hab. unknown. “May be known by the fine hair-lines with which it is encircled ; the ribs have not that granular appearance represented in the figure.” The figure does not show the brown lines—in fact is valueless, so that we can only guess at the probable relationship of this to the preceding species. 20 296 CLATHURELLA. C. scALARINA, Desh. PI. 19, fig. 52. Whitish, with a narrow chestnut or chocolate sutural band, and another below the middle of the body-whorl only. Length, 6 mill. Ceylon and Mauritius (Nevill); Isle of Bourbon (Deshayes). Pease makes this a synonym of C. rugosa, Mighels, but it is not nearly related to that species. C. apa, Desh. PI. 25, fig. 38. White. Length, 4 mill. C. RAvA, Hinds. Pl. 18, fig. 42. Fulvous, the interstices of the ribs and edge of the lip stained purple-red ; sinus wide and deep. Length, 12 mill. Isl. of Mindanao, Philippines (Cuming). C. vuttuosa, Reeve. PI. 15, figs. 33, 36; Pl. 16, fig. 66. Yellowish white or light yellowish brown; apex sometimes rosaceous. Length, 8-10 mill. Isle of Bourbon. Philippines. C. efficta, Reeve (PI. 16, fig. 66), locality unknown, apparently belongs here, as well as C. compta, Reeve (PI. 15, fig. 36). C. NassorpEs, Reeve. Pl. 15, fig. 29. Shell thin, as though pellucid, ribs close, obtuse ; horny white, banded above and below with reddish brown. Length, 12 mill. Hab. unknown. C. Grayl, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 31. Light chestnut-brown, with two darker bands on the body- whorl. Length, 6°5 mill. Hab. unknown. C. tipaTA, Reeve. . Pl. 16, fig. 56. Shell ornamented with revolving ridges, sinus broad and large; yellowish white, edge of the lip stained with deep red within. Length, 10 mill. Philippines, sandy mud at 7 fms. (Cuming). C. pancuipDA, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 42. Ribs and striz rather distant, nodulous; sinus large; whitish, stained with reddish brown. Length, 9°5 mill. Darnley Isl., N. Australia (Brazier). CLATHURELLA. 297 C. Ruaosa, Mighels. PI. 19, fig. 57. Outer lip thickened, toothed, sinus large and rather deep ; whitish, with a chestnut band at the suture, obscurely indicated on the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 6°5 mill. Sandwich Islands (Mighels and Pease) ; Upolu (Dunker, Garrett); Ceylon, Mauritius, Bourbon (Nevill). Var. curcunio, Nevill. ~ Ribs twelve, with four revolving keels on the whorls, of which the two middle ones are more prominent and spirally striated ; two brown lines on the body-whorl, showing within the aperture. Length, 8 mill. Var. FALLAX, Nevill. Ribs nine, the transverse keels less unequal! in size, only one brown line on the last whorl and within the aperture. Length, 4°5 mill. According to Mr. Garrett the unfigured Cl. solidula and C. cincta, Dunker, are synonyms of rugosa. C. ForMosA, Jeffreys. Pl. 83, fig. 61. Sculpture variable, the longitudinal varying from striz to ribs, sometimes nodulous; suture deep, with a sloping infrasutural groove; sinus remarkably deep and broad; thin, opaque, dark- colored. Length, 12°5 mill. Europe, North Atlantic ; deep sea. C. TessELLATA, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 24. Whorls granular, decussated with longitudinal and spiral lines; painted with brown somewhat square spots. Length, 6 mill. Straits of Macassar, coarse sand at 10 fms. (Hinds). C. uemniscaTaA, Nevill. Pl. 15, fig. 28. White, with a brown band just below the sutures, and a second one below the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 6°5 mill. | Ceylon, Mauritius. C. Mauueti, Recluz. Pl. 20, figs. 100, 96. Rose-red with a median white band ; inner margin of aperture with 5-6 closely set teeth. Length, 4 mill. Samoa and Viti Islands | Garrett) ; Andaman Is. (Nevill). C. pinguis, Garrett (fig. 96), is a synonym. 298 CLATHURELLA. C. PURPURASCENS, Dunker. PI. 20, fig. 90. Rose-red to violaceous, with a central white band; outer lip 5-6 toothed within. Length, 5 mill. Viti Islands. A narrower form, with less robust sculpture than C. Mallett. It is unfigured, but is admitted by Mr. Garrett to be identical with his C. pulchella, over which it has two years’ priority of publication. ; C. CLANDESTINA, Deshayes. PI. 19, fig. 67; Pl. 20, fig. 81. Minutely granular, light violaceous with two darker bands of the same color. Length, 5°5 mill. Isle of Bourbon (Desh.); Paumotus (Pease) ; Viti Is. (Garrett). C. violacea, Pease (Pl. 20, fig. 81), is a synonym. C. puRPURATA, Souverbie. Pl. 20, fig. 76. Violaceous or rosy white to purplish, sometimes obscurely lighter banded in the middle; ribs evanescent towards the decidedly constricted base of the body-whorl, where the revolv- ing sculpture becomes more prominent; lip much thickened, dentate within. Length, 9°5 mill. N. Caledonia (Souverbie) ; Viti Is. (Schmeltz) ; Paumotus (Garrett). The specimens usually have a rounded shoulder on the whorls. C. pumiLA, Mighels. PI. 19, fig. 68. Pinkish white, with an orange-brown band near the sutures, and a broader one below the middle of the last whorl. Length, 5°5 mill. Sandwich Islands. C. reticulata, Garrett, is a synonym. C. propucta, Pease. PI. 19, fig. 63. Yellowish white; sinus deep. Length, 6 mill. Sandwich Islands. I have not seen this species. The figure appears to represent an immature individual. C. pustuLosa, Folin. PI. 30, fig. 73. Light fulvous, the pustules tipped with red. Length, 5 mill. Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina. C. a I< I ce fe ge pt a p= ) de! Coes ac sa cy CLATHURELLA. 299 Noposa, Folin. PI. 30, fig. 71. Light fulvous. Length, 4 mill. Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina. Unfigured or unidentified species of Clathurella. . PUNGENS, Gould, C. AspERsA, Gould. Hong Kong. . TURRICULA and ©. puncTaTa, Dunker. Upolu. . NEGLEcTA, C. B. Ad. (= presprecta, H.and A. Ad.). Panama. . PYGMHA, OC. MACULATA, C. minor, C. B. Ad. Jamaica. . SECTA, Sowb. China. . RUBICUNDA, Gould (Loo Choo); C. Finosa, Gould (Ousima) ; C. tacunosa, Gould (Hong Kong); C. AmpLExa, Gould, (Stmon’s Bay) ; C, PEREGRINA, Gould (Sydney, N. S. W.). . HEPTAGONA, ©. FUSCOLINEATA, C. FENESTRATA, Duhker. Upolu. . STREPTOPHORA (N. Atlantic), C.pACHIA, C. ARANEOSA, C.PUDENS, C. PERPAUXILLA, C. CIRCUMVOLUTA, C. CHARIESSA, C. HORMO- PHORA (all West Indies), C. PERPARVA (Pernambuco), C. cHYTA (Azores), Watson. . EXILIs, Phil. Red Sea. . HARPA, C. ELEGANS, C. PAUCICOSTATA, C. CYLINDRICA, C. BRUN- NEA, C. FUSCOMACULATA, C. BALTEATA, C. BUCCINOIDES, C. EXILIS, and C. PULCHELLA, Pease. Sandwich Islands. . GIBBERA, C. TENELLA, C. CONVEXA, C. TENERA (all Mediter- ranean), C. NODULOSA, ( Medit., Portugal), C. Exquisita (Por- tugal), ail of Jeffreys. . SUBGRANOSA (Singapore), C. ALTERNANS (Hab.?),C. RETICULOSA (Japan), C. ALBICAUDATA (Persian Gulf), C. PIPERATA (Korea), C. Morerontca (Australia), C. Caprensis (S. Africa), C. commopa (So. Africa), C. ASPERULATA (Japan, Persian Gulf), C. triritosa (Hab.?), all of Edgar A. Smith. . PHILOMENA, Tenison-W oods. Tasmania. . MaciEay! (Australia), C. tricotor (Australia), C. RAMSAYI (New Guinea), C. BARNARD! (Australia), all of Brazier. . PApuEnsis, Tapparone-Canefri. New Guinea. . HEXAGONA, Pfr. Cuba. . CRYSTALLINA, and C. constricta, Gabb. Catalina Isld., Cal. . INTERCALARIS, and C. sERRATA, Carpenter. Panama. 300 DAPHNELLA. Genus DAPHNELLA, Hinds. D. LyMnetrormis, Kiener. PI. 26, figs. 60,89, 90, 93. Whorls with narrow, close, revolving ridges, the earlier ones with longitudinal ribs; white, irregularly maculated with chest- nut, often forming longitudinal zigzag markings. Length, 14 mill. West Indies, Philippines, Australia. D. decorata, C. B. Adams, is a synonym, from the West Indies, and D. patula, Reeve (fig. 89), another from the Philip- pines; the above widely separated localities appear to be well authenticated. Kiener gave the Indian Ocean and Isle of France for habitats. Var. FRAGILIS, Reeve. Pl. 26, fig. 90. Shell thin, fragile, transparent, very closely finely reticulated throughout with raised lines, the spiral ones the most prominent ; white. Length, 23 mill. Hab.? (Reeve); Australia (Angas) ; Japan (HE. A. Smith). Mr. Smith says that the Japanese form is much smaller than the type, being 10 mill. long ; I suspect, however, that Reeve’s figure is magnified. Mr. Smith also unites this with the type, but it may better be regarded as a variety of it. D. casta, Hinds. PI. 26, fig. 96. Shell glassy, spirally grooved, columella twisted ; faintly tinged with pink. Length, 13°5 mill. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America, 23 fms. mud (Hinds). D. VARIEGATA, Carpenter. Pl. 22, fig. 54. Very thin, with nine ribs and almost microscopic revolving lines; yellowish or pinkish horn-color, with one or two narrow chestnut bands—sometimes interrupted. Length, 8 mill. Sta. Barbara, Cal. Figured from a specimen, one of the original lot. A variety nitens has a chestnut and a white band; from same locality. D. puuMBEA, Hinds. PI. 21, fig. 39. Thin, longitudinally ribbed ; pale lead-color, narrowly banded with chestnut. Length, 13°5 mill. Magdalena Bay, L. Cal., 5 fms. (Hinds). I suspect that the preceding species will prove to be synonymous with this. DAPHNELILA. 301 D. rusconigaTA, Dall. Pl. 34, fig. 95. Strongly sculptured, longitudinally and spirally ; brownish white, brown-banded at the suture, and in the middle of the body-whorl, the nodulous intersections of the sculpture frequently brown-tipped. Length, 7-8°5 mill. Monterey and San Diego, Cal. Figured from a specimen from the latter locality. The strong sculpture allies this to Clathurella. D. Bonouensis, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 92. Shell without longitudinal sculpture except close growth-lines, with fine spiral striz, some of which are more prominent than the others, forming small acute ridges; whitish, rather indis- tinctly waved or streaked with yellowish chestnut. Length, 12 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Viti Is. (Garrett). D. HYALINA, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 33; Pl. 26, figs. 82, 86. Thin, transparent, longitudinally very minutely and closely elevately striated throughout; whitish, encircled by distant chestnut lines, sometimes borne on striw. Length, 14 mill. Hab. ? Narrower than the preceding species, but may be only a variety of it. D. VARICIFERA, Pease. PI. 25, fig. 39. Shell rather light, thin, closely decussated by longitudinal and spiral ridges, some of the latter much more prominent; whorls here and there somewhat indistinctly varicose; white, more or less stained and maculated with chestnut. Length, 17 mill. Paumotus Is. D. pEticaTA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 80. Shell thin, hyaline, very closely and evenly spirally striated ; white, with pale chestnut or orange-brown tessellations, inter- rupted by a white central band. Length, 13-22 mill. Lord Hood’s Isl. (Cuming); Yahiti (Garrett). According to Mr. Garrett the unfigured D. Philippiana, Dunker, is the same. 302 DAPHNELLA. D. DELICATULA, Tenison-Woods. PI. 32, fig. 29. Shell subdiaphanous, shining; pale yellow, slenderly and irregularly zoned with red lines. Length, 9 mill. Tasmania. Figured from a type specimen in the museum of the Royal Society of Tasmania. D. FLAMMEA, Hinds. PI. 28, fig. 78. Spirally closely striated, lip minutely crenulated within, sinus somewhat obsolete; whitish, ornamented with waved longitudinal chestnut flames. Length, 16 mill. New Ireland (Hinds). D. onnaTA, Hinds. PI. 26, fig. 88. Cancellated with decussating striz, sinus rather broad; pale fulvous with two revolving rows of-short flames or spots of chestnut. Length, 12 mill. New Guinea (Hinds); Darnley Isl., N. Australia (Brazier). D. MARMORATA, Hinds. PI. 26, fig. 95. Whorls flatly angulated around the upper part, elegantly can- cellated with transverse and longitudinal striz, columella striated at the base; whitish, longitudinally zigzag marbled with chest- nut. Length, 8 mill. : New Guinea (Hinds); Darnley I., Australia (Brazier). Reeve changed the name to Daphnelloides because of Pl. mar- morata, Lam.; the latter is, however, a true Pleurotoma. D. AUREOLA, Reeve. Pl. 26, fig. 77. Thin, transparent, spirally ridged, longitudinally very finely closely striated ; lip crenulated within, sinus small, distinct; pale golden color. Length, 21 mill. Isl. of Luzon, Philippines (Cuming). ‘““A delicate shell of so bright a hyaline texture that the pillar of the lip may be seen throughout.” I have doubts of its dis- tinctness from D. flammea. D. 1an1rLtua, Reeve. PI. 20, fig. 6. Spirally very closely elevately striated, longitudinally ribbed, ribs rather broad, approximated, conspicuous towards the apex, DAPHNELLA. 303 obsolete towards the base; lip crenulated within, sinus super- ficial ; whitish, ornamented with waved fulvous orange flames. Length, 14 mill. Hab. unknown. D. saTuRATA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 75. Granosely reticulated with raised striz ; lip finely crenulated, sinus distinct; deep bright brown within and without, orna- mented with rather distant longitudinal white markings, and a white band revolving upon the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 14 mill. Isl. of Corrigidor, Philippines, coarse sand, 1 fms. (Cuming). D. FrusiForMis, Garrett. Pl. 27, fig. 15. Longitudinally ribbed on the spire, ribs obsolete on the body- whorl, where there are several minute periodical varices, with unequal, more or less crenulated revolving ridges; lip very finely crenulated, sinus small; white, faintly tinged with yellowish brown. Length, 8 mill. Paumotus. I think it not improbable that this is an extreme form of a young Clathurella tricarinata, Reeve. D. MILLEGRANA, Garrett. Pl. 27, fig. 2. Whole surface minutely granularly decussated; lip delicately crenulated, sinus large and deep; white, with short transverse ferruginous lines and dots. Length, 9 mill. Paumotus. D. TESSELLATA, Garrett. Pl. 27, fig. 1. Very finely, minutely granularly decussated throughout; lip finely crenulated, sinus large and deep, slightly sinuous also near the base; white, tessellated with three spiral rows of small, sub- quadrangular chestnut spots, one row of which appears on the spire. Length, 10 mill. Paumotus Is. D. virrea, Garrett. Pl. 25, fig. 57. Shell thin, vitreous, subpellucid; whorls eight, obtusely nar- rowly shouldered above, covered by fine spiral strie, upper whorls longitudinally ribbed, each whorl with two slight period- ical varices; lip finely crenulated, slightly varicose externally, sinus large and deep; white. Length, 8 mill. Paumotus Is. 304 DAPHNELLA. D. CRENULATA, Pease. PI. 25, fig. 55. White, spirally finely ridged, the interstices striated, longitu- dinally faintly and obsoletely irregularly ribbed; sutures bor- dered on each side by a crenulated rib, the crenulations connected obliquely by a short ridge ; sinus broad and deep. Length, 7 mill. Central Polynesia. D. axis, Reeve. Pl. 26, fig. 85. Whorls two-keeled round the upper part, spirally faintly ridged beneath ; sinus very deep ; whitish, somewhat indistinctly stained with orange-brown. Length, 23 mill. Philippines (Cuming). D. curta, Pease. PI. 27, fig. 16. Strongly decussately granular, white. Length, 4:5 mill. Paumotus Is. D. 1nquinaTA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 98. Shell spirally ridged, closely longitudinally striated, sinus deep ; whitish, stained here and there with orange-brown. Length, 9 mill. Philippines. D. PLURICARINATA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 81. Shell encircled by numerous sharp keels, the interstices lon- gitudinally striate, sinus rather large; whitish, stained with streaks of orange-brown. Length, 7°5 mill. Philippines. Very closely allied to D. axis, Reeve, but only one-third the size of the figure of that species, if the latter be not magnified. D. Ticaonica, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 84. Whorls rather ventricose, spirally irregularly ridged, inter- stices between the ridges very minutely latticed, sinus small ; whitish, flamed here and there with orange-brown. Length, 12 mill. Philippines. The figure of the above species exhibits some slight peculiar- ities, yet I suspect that all the forms having similar carinated sculpture and flamed coloring should be referred to one species. —— 7s. ~~ © DAPHNELLA. 305 D. TRivaricosa, Martens. PI. 25, fig. 54. Shell with four or five revolving ridges on the body-whorl, with intermediate close revolving striz, no longitudinal ribs except on the upper whorls of the spire, subcontinuously three- varicose ; light yellowish white. Length, 15 mill. Mauritius. D. vagicosa, Souverbie. Pl. 27, fig. 5. Shell finely reticulated by growth and revolving striz, with larger spiral lire, crossed by non-continuous varices; yellowish white, with minute white markings on the spirai ridges, and a large brown spot on the back of the body-whorl—apparent also within the aperture. Length, 12 mill. New Caledonia. D. penTaTA, Souverbie. PI. 25, fig. 41. Smooth, with fine spiral striz, more apparent towards the base of the body-whorl; thin, translucent, yellowish white, with irregular revolving series of milk-white spots, and a more regular subsutural series; lip slightly toothed, sinus narrow, shallow, sutural. Length, 31 mill. New Caledonia. A very distinct, somewhat aberrant form, of which only one specimen was obtained. TD. aerota, Reeve. Pl. 26, fig. 87. Shell thin, finely decussated throughout ; whitish. Length, 11 mill. Singapore, fine sand, 7 fms. (Cuming). DD. cREBRIPLICATA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 94. Shell cancellated by close longitudinal ribs and spiral ridges ; white, profusely variegated with rich orange-brown. Length, 16 mill. Philippines, under stones at low-water (Cuming); Port Jackson, Australia (Angas). D. REEVEANA, Tryon. PI. 23, fig. 81. Narrowly and very distantly longitudinally ribbed, spirally finely striate ; fleshy brown, obscurely banded, ribs whitish. Length, 12 mill. Habitat unknown. This is D. casta, Reeve, not Hinds. 306 DAPHNELLA. D. ouyRA, Reeve. Pl. 26, fig. 97. Thin, somewhat transparent, spire short; smooth or obsoletely striated ; snowy white, apex rose-color. Length, 12 mill. Habitat unknown. This may be a worn specimen of the next species, which, if so, will become a synonym. D. compra, Ad. and Angas. PI. 25, fig. 49. Spire and upper part of body-whorl longitudinally plicate, crossed by fine close revolving lines, lip acute, unarmed, widely but not deeply sinuous behind; light yellowish or whitish, maculated more or less with chestnut. Length, 12 mill. S. Australia. Described as a Cithara, and the lip said to be externally varicose, but in the specimens before me the lip, although thick except on its edge, shows no varix, and none would be anticipated on a shell of this character. A shell sent to me from Tasmania as representing the unfigured D. varixz, Tenison-Woods, appears to belong to this species, and judging from the description it must be either a synonym or very closely allied. D. urnuLA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 97. Ventricose, longitudinally ribbed, spirally elevately striated ; chestnut-brown. Length, 5 mill. Habitat unknown. ‘“‘A curious little ventricose shell which seems scarcely to have arrived at maturity.” Unfigured species, probably belonging to Daphnella. D. LEUcopHLEGMA, Dall (Caribbzean), D. Limactna, Dall (Carib- beean [Dall], Martha’s Vineyard, Mass. [ Verrill]). D. cLATHRATA, Gabb. Catalina Id., Cal. D. EFFuUSA, Carpenter. Neeah Bay. D. MaGe.ianica, Phil. Straits of Magellan. D. cANCELLATA, Hutton. New Zealand. D. KinGensis, Petterd. King’s Id., Bass Straits. D. pura, Gould (Hong Kong); D. concinna, Gould (Loo Choo) ; D. petutA, Gould ( China Seas). D. Tasmanica, D. imMacuLaTaA, D. Harrisoni (Tenison-W oods). Tasmania. DAPHNELLA. 307 D. 1ncrncra, Watson (Azores); D. compsa, Watson (fiji Is.) ; D. AULACOESSA, Watson (between Cape York, Australia, and New Guinea). ; D. SAnpwicensis, D. MAcuLosA, D. INTERRUPTA, Pease. Sandwich Isles. D. Greater, D. TENUICLATHRATA, D. TENELLA, Smith. Habitat unknown. D. Butyert, Smith (Philippines); D. supERCOsTATA, Smith (Japan); D. Souversiel, Smith (W. Australia); D. MAcANDREWI, Smith (Persian Gulf). Section Rapuitoma, Bellardi. D. NUPERRIMA, Tiberi. PI. 22, fig. 49. Rather thin, with about twelve distant, small longitudinal riblets, crossed by distant raised lines. Length, 12 mill. Mediterranean Sea, rare. It is DV. decussata, Phil., and several authors have also referred it to the Pl. hispidula, Jan; but that fossil form has the spiral sculpture more prominent. D. nesButa, Montagu. PI. 21, figs. 20,11; Pl. 33, fig. 56; Pl. 30, fig. 86. Longitudinally ribbed, crossed by spiral strize ; sinus broad and shallow; chestnut or horny brown, interior similarly colored. Length, 12 mill. Norway, Mediterranean, Canary Is., W. Coust of Africa. The following forms or varieties have been distinguished : Var. GINNANNIA, Risso. Ribs larger and stronger, yet the revolving sculpture is well marked. Mostly Mediterranean. This is not the P. Ginnannia of Reeve’s Iconica. Var. L&vIGATA, Phil. (fig. 11). Elongated, with the ribs not so prominent, and sometimes nearly obsolete, the revolving strize faint. Reeve’s figure, which I have copied, is inac- curate, as it ought to show some traces of longitudinal ribs ; it is magnified three times. Jeffrey’s figure (PI. 33, fig. 66) represents a transitional form. Var. costuLATA, Risso. Ribs narrower, continuing to the base of the body-whorl. * 308 DAPHNELLA. Var. ELONGATA, Jeffreys. Elongated, larger than the type. Var. PALLIDA, Monts. Yellowish white. Var. RUFULA, Monts. Reddish chestnut. Var. FAscrATA, Monts. Yellowish, with a chestnut zone. (= levigata). Var. MEpDIoFAScIATA, Maltzan. PI. 30, fig. 86. D. ruscata, Desh., is possibly a variety. D. BRAcHYysToMA, Phil. Pl. 22, fig. 45; Pl. 21, fic. 21; Pl. 18, fig. 45. Slightly, narrowly shouldered, with 7-9 narrow ribs extending from the shoulder to the base, and wider interspaces; whole surface covered with revolving striz; yellowish white, orange or occasionally deep reddish brown, paler specimens sometimes indistinctly brown-banded below the periphery. . Length, 6-8 mill. EHurope. The synonymy includes D. Cycladensis, Forbes (t. 21, f. 21), D. granulifera, Brugn., D. tiarula, Loven, and perhaps D. Forbesii, Reeve (PI. 18, fig. 45). D. turcipA, Forbes. PI. 21, figs. 25, 29, 7. Longitudinal ribs few, strong, rounded, wider than the inter- stices, crossed by revolving lines, ribs disappearing towards the base of the body-whorl; chocolate-brown. Length, 7°5 mill. Mediterranean Sea, W. Africa. The synonymy includes D. nana, Scacchi, not Desh.—the latter a fossil form, D. fortis, Forbes (fig. 29), D. Afgeensis, Forbes (fig. 7). D. arTENUATA, Montagu. PI. 21, fig. 24. Ribs nine, narrow, flexuous, with wider interspaces, spirally slightly and finely striate; pale tawny, the upper part and middle of the body-whorl often banded, or the lower half of the body-whorl darker-colored, sometimes there are several narrow revolving chestnut lines. Length, 12-15 mill. Europe, Teneriffe. Several authors have referred Murex aciculatus, Lam., to this species, but I believe it to be an Ocinebra. D. Villiersiz, a Cate te - gale tar eee ae. Septet Sey pes DAPHNELLA. 309 Michaud, D. gracilis, Scacchi, D. Payraudeauti, Weinkauff (not Deshayes), and perhaps D. Bivone and D. Valenciennesit, Maravigna, and D. vulpina, Bivona, are also referred to this species. D. costuLaTA, Blainv. PI. 21, figs. 19, 23. Narrowly but distinctly shouldered, ribs 9-10, crossed by fine revolving lines, which are almost microscopic; buff or pale yellow, sometimes with a chestnut band on the periphery, or below the suture, or with several narrower bands. Length, 12-15 mill. Europe, Madeira. The synonyms are D. striolata, Scacchi (fig. 19), D. Leviana, Forbes (fig. 23), D. Smithii, Forbes, D. elegans, Brown, D. Far- ranivi, Thompson, and possibly D. fenestrata, Desh., D. Steveni, Krynicki, and D. costulata, Cantraine. The latter was supposed identical with Columbella Halixeti, Jeffreys (Manual, v, 160, t. 56, f. 77), with which opinion that author himself agreed, until recently (Zool. Proc., 392, 1883)—when he refers it to the present species. D. semicoton, S. Wood. PI. 4, fig. 56. Strongly shouldered, forming a carinated and tuberculated periphery, with well-marked sculpture. Length, 10 mill. Mediterranean, Shetland Islands, North Sea. Reported in a recent state by Dr. Jeffreys, from the above localities, under the name of D. galerita, Phil. (figured), but that Species, a Sicilian fossil, appears to differ. The figure given by Jeffreys corresponds with that of D. semicolon, in Wood’s Crag Mollusca sufliciently to justify Monterosato in uniting the two species. D. mrnutA, Forbes. PI. 21, fig. 16. Shell strongly ribbed, distantly spirally striate; reddish brown. Length, 5 mill. Aigean Sea. Perhaps a variety of D. turgida, Forbes. D. asyssicona, Forbes. PI. 21, fig. 15. Ribs strong, crossed by rather distant raised striz ; chocolate- brown. Length, 4 mill. Aigean Sea. 310 DAPHNELLA. D. SENEGALENSIS, Maltzan. PI. 30, fig. 89. Shell with ten, straight, subcompressed ribs, finely reticulated ; spire subturreted, with impressed sutures; lip acute, the sinus slightly emarginated ; brownish, lower part of body-whorl yel- lowish white. Length, 5 mill. Isl. Goree, W. Coast of Africa. D cerina, Kurtz and Stimpson. Pl. 22, fig. 43; Pl. 34, fig. 100. Yellowish white, columella sometimes tinged with black; sur- face covered by very fine revolving lines crossing the ribs. Length, 7 mill. * New England to Tampa Bay, Fla., mostly Southern in distribution. D. atrostyla, Dall, MS. (PI. 34, fig. 100), is a slight variety, with dark columella, from W. Coast of Florida, D. CarpenTer!, Verrill and Smith. Pl. 13, fig. 62. Searcely shouldered, with about twelve short flexuous longi- tudinal ribs and no spiral sculpture; white or pale yellow, often with darker brownish yellow ribs. Length, 7 mill. New England. D. acctncta, Montagu. PI. 18, fig. 37. Shell slightly shouldered, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, very ciosely spirally striated ; white, with sometimes an orange-brown band below the periphery. Length, 7 mill. West Indies. Described by Montagu as British—an error repeated by Reeve, where D. Forthiensis is assigned to the Frith of Forth. D. inTERFOsSA, Carpenter. Pl. 22, fig. 57. Scarcely, very narrowly shouldered, with about fifteen narrow longitudinal ribs, separated by wider interspaces, and the same number of spiral lire, forming subquadrangular pits between the sculpture; reddish brown. Length, 10 mill. Vancouver's Isl. Figured from a small specimen. D. FUNEBRALE, Dall. Reddish black, slender, acuminate; whorls 7-8, rather rounded; aperture elongate, narrow, canal short, slightly recurved ; inner lip and columella smooth; sinus almost imperceptible; sculpture ee ~ la DAPHNELLA. ole of fine rounded grooves, about fifteen on the body-whorl, sepa- rating evenly rounded ridges about twice as broad as the grooves; these are crossed by about twelve longitudinal rounded ribs, obsolete anteriorly. Length, °46 inch. Sitka, Alaska. Described from a single specimen and referred to Mangilia with doubt. Not figured. D. pouiTa, Hinds. PI. 20, fig. 97. White, polished, angularly ribbed, seven-sided, lip simple, sinus small. Length, 16 mill. . Straits of Macassar, coarse sand, 7 fms. (Hinds). D. FULGURANS, Krauss. Pl. 22, fig. 59. With about eleven narrow longitudinal ribs, short on the body- whorl, with revolving strie towards the base; sinus scarcely apparent; white, with angular chestnut markings. Length, 6 mill. Cape of Good Hope; in the byssus of Pinna. D. zrucinosa, Reeve. Pl. 23, fig. 100. Longitudinally ribbed, the interstices with very minute spiral striz ; yellowish white, with a sutural chestnut line, more or less interrupted, a middle line on the body-whorl, interrupted by the ribs, below which the whorl is often stained a darker color, and sometimes an inferior interrupted chestnut line. Length, 10 mill. Hab. unknown (Reeve); Indian Ocean? D. PEssULATA, Reeve. PI. 21, figs. 36, 37. Ribs more or less distant, crossed by somewhat obsolete spiral striz ; lip thin, sinus small; yellowish or ash-color. Length, 12-15 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Australia (Brazier). D. Vincentina, Crosse. Pl. 17, fig. 91. Ribs narrow, distant, crossed by distant spiral lire, which become more crowded towards the base; sinus shallow; light yellowish brown. Length, 7 mill. Gulf of St. Vincent, Australia. D. Jacksonensts, Angas. PI. 22, fig. 73. With somewhat prominent longitudinal ribs, slightly nodulous at the angle of the shoulder, the interstices crossed by narrow 21 312 DAPHNELLA. grooved lines in pairs; sinus very shallow, pale fulvous yellow. Length, 14 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. Unfigured species of the section Raphitoma. D. caucARATA, Grat. (D. Errusca, Tiberi). Mediterranean Sea. Probably exotic, according to Monterosato. D. noputosa, Jeffreys; D. rustrormis, Requien; both Mediter- ranean. D. LitHocoLLeTA, D. LInctAa, Watson. West Indies. D. 1paRA, D. comarTropis, D. BANDELLA, D. Antonta, D. Pour- TALESII, D. COLUMBELLA, D. pELAGIA, D. Lissorropis, Dall. Caribbean Sea. D. TABULATA, D. creBRicosTAra, D. ANGULATA, Carpenter. W. Coast U.S. D. pEmpstA, Gould. China Seas. D. atterRNATA, D. St. GALL&,and Var. BENEDIcTI, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania. Section BELLAKDIELLA, Fischer. D. eracitis, Mont. Pl. 18, fig. 38. Whorls very narrowly, concavely shouldered below the sutures, with curved longitudinal ribs crossed by fine, close revolving strie ; pale yellowish brown, with a narrow lighter central band, sometimes bordered by a chestnut band on the lower side. Length, 25 mill. Europe, Canary Islands. Body white, closely but irregularly speckled with pink and flake-white ; pallial tube somewhat extensile, usually short ; head bulbous ; tentacles extremely short—mere points above the eyes, below the eyes they are cylindrical and stout ; eyes proportionally large, on long stalks conjoined with the tentacles ; foot rounded in front, with small angular corners, pointed behind. It is D. emarginata, Donovan; D. oblonga, Brocchi; D. Comar- mondi, Michaud; D. suturalis, Bronn; D. pelorius, Chier.; D. sinuosa, Couch; D. Branscombi, Clark; and D. fallax, Forbes— the two latter juveniles. — CO ee DAPHNELLA. 313 Section TEres, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. D. anceps, Hichwald. Pl. 18, fig. 39; Pl. 32, fig. 31. Shell encircled by spiral ridges, of which there are from 20 to 25 on the body-whorl, frequently alternately larger and smaller ; light yellowish brown, usually irregularly spotted with chestnut, forming interrupted longitudinal streaks. Length, 8-15 mill. Norway to Mediterranean, Madeira and Canaries. Var. CONCOLOR is without the chestnut spots. The synonymy includes D. teres, Forbes, a name under which it is perhaps more extensively known. Reeve’s figure of teres (Pl. 18, f. 39) being very bad, I add another, from Forbes and — Hanley (PI. 32, f. 31). Other synonyms are D. La Viz, Calcara; D. borealis, Lovén; D. fusiformis, Requien; D. polyzonatum, Brugnone, and D. Barbieri, Brusina. D. amana, Sars. PI. 20, fig. 86. Shell thin, pellucid, interstices of the revolving ridges longi- tudinally striate, lip-sinus profound ; light brownish. Length, 8 mill. Arctic Norway. Section Zarra, A. Adams. There appears to be much uncertainty as to the limits of this group. Adams himself includes the West Indian minute Clathu- rellz discovered by d’Orbigny and figured by Reeve on PI. 39 of the Conch. Icon., although they do not appear to me to pos- sess any characters apart from ordinary Clathurelle. As will be seen below, there are differences of opinion as to some of the other species. D. Mirrarormis, A. Adams. Whorls six-and-a-half, rather flat, longitudinally ribbed, the plice somewhat distant, oblique; last whorl constricted in front and obliquely sulcate; white, with an obscure chestnut band at the sutures, the last whorl with a narrow chestnut band on the periphery, and chestnut-tinted at the base. ; Japan. Not figured. Columbella zonata, Gould (Manual, v, 172), also unfigured, is doubtfully referred here by Mr. E. A. Smith. If identical, it has priority of two months in publication. 314 DAPHNELLA. D. suBVITREA, Smith. PI. 34, fig. 83. Ribs about eleven, disappearing a little below the middle of the body-whorl, the lower extremity of which is obliquely five or six striate, the two or three uppermost striz wider apart than the rest; subpellucid, white, with a thin indistinct brown line, inter- rupted by the costz around the lower part of the whorls, and a transparent pellucid zone at the top, with a second band or series of short flames just below the middle of the last whorl, which is stained with brown at the extremity. L. 4, width 1°5 mill. Japan. Dunker (Index Moll. Mar. Japan, 26) refers this shell to Columbella—in which I think he is correct. D. pouita, G. and H. Nevill. Smooth, white, with two bands of irregular opaque white flakes on each whorl, four on the last. Length, 3°5 mill. Mauritius. Described as a Zafra, but I think it may be referred to Colum- bella. If a Pleurotomid the specific name will need to be changed. D. semiscuteta, G. and H. Nevill. Pl. 34, figs. 14, 15. Ribs about twice as broad as their interstices (represented as narrower on the figures), obsolete on the back of the last whorl, which is transversely striated at its base; outer lip scarcely thickened or reflected, not as long as the columella, slightly emarginate at junction with the last whorl; horny brown throughout. Length, 3 mill. Burmah. Appears to me to be an Anachis, in Columbellide, although described as a Zafra. D. puporpEA, H. Adams. PI. 34, fig. 92. Numerously longitudinally ribbed, sinus short and wide; white, with a broad chestnut band below the periphery, and tinged with chestnut at the base. Length, 7 mill. New Hebrides. Sarr DAPHNELLA. 35 Section TuessiA, Jeffreys. D. NANA, Loven. PI. 32, fig. 28. Encircled by numerous punctate impressed lines ; milk-white. Length, 6 mill. Northern Hurope—Arctic. Dr. Jeffreys (Brit. Conch., iv, 359) refers to this species Columbella rosacea, Gould (Manual, v, 160), a shell which does not appear to me to be nearly related to it. Unfigured Species of Section Thesbia. The following are described by Rey. R. Boog Watson: D. TRANSLUCIDA (Kerguelen Isl.), D. ER1tTIMA ( T'ristao da Cunha), D. corpuLenta (Kerguelen Isl.), D. PLATAMODES (ditto), D. PAPYRACEA (ditto), D. pRuINA (Azores), D. Monoceros (S. W. of Sierra Leone), D. pysorira (St. Thomas, W. I.), D. BRYCHIA (Lat. 1° 47’ N., long. 24° 26’ W., Mid-Atlantic, 1850 fms.). Section Taranis, Jeffreys, 1870. D. Morcut, Malm. PI. 29, fig. 66. Periphery strongly, tubercularly angled, the shoulder above it sloping, below the periphery there are several raised cinguli forming inferior carinations, crossed throughout by flexuous, narrow longitudinal plications; whitish. Length, 4:5 mill. Norway to Mediterranean Sea ; off Newport, R. L., 365 fms. (Verrill) ; Gulf of Mexico, 805 fms. (Dall). It is Pleurotoma demersum, Brugnone (not Bellardi), and Bela demersa, Tiberi. D. PULCHELLA, Verrill. Pl. 29, fig. 63. A smaller species than the preceding, not so sharply angu- lated, the carine sharp but not nodulous, those on the body- whorl six in number, besides one or two on the canal. Length, 2°20 mill. Off Martha’s Vineyard, 487 fms., one specimen. Dr. Dall thinks this may be included in the preceding species, as European specimens of D. Morchi sent to him by Dr. Jeffreys and Prof, Sars, appear to agree with it pretty well. 316 DAPHNELLA. D. Turritisprra, KE, A. Smith (unfigured). Japan. D. taviscuLtpra, Monterosato (unfigured). Mediterranean Sea. Section PLEuROTOMELLA, Verrill, 1872. D. Packarvil, Verrill. Pl. 29, fig. 59. Spiral strive faint or strong, the ribs low and narrow; pale yellowish brown or salmon, the nucleus darker. Length, 21°5 mill. Gulf of Maine (85-110 fms.) ; off Cape Cod, Mass. (96 fms.). D. Aaassizi1, Verrill and Smith. Pl. 29, fig. 58. More solid and rugosely sculptured than the preceding species ; sinus wide, rather deep, rounded, a little below the suture; usually white when fresh, sometimes pink or pale yellow, often stained with dark ash-gray; columella often white, but usually tinged with brown. Length, 31 mill. Off Newport, R. I., and S. of Martha’s Vineyard ; off Delaware Bay, 65 to 500 fms. D. Panpionts, Verrill. Pl. 29, fig. 62. Waxy white, tinged with pale orange-brown, with a faint white band on the middle of the body-whorl, and another below the suture, sometimes stained gray or brown. Length, 43 mill. Martha’s Vineyard ; 238-312 fms. D. Verritii, Dall (unfigured). 860 fms., Caribbean. D. Stesset, Dall (unfigured). 640-1568 fms., Caribbean. D. crrctnaTA, Dall. PI. 6, fig. 76. Shell slender, elongate, covered with a brownish epidermis ; whorls six, evenly rounded, but with a sharp carina, above which they are smooth, whilst below it they are grooved, with wider interspaces; notch deep, about one-third of the way from the carina to the suture. L. 3 inches, diam. 1 inch. Alaska. Described as a Surcula from a dead specimen found on the beach at Nateekin Bay, Unalashka. The subsequently described, but unfigured Pl. insignis, Jeffreys, of which ten living specimens were obtained by the Vega Expedition in the Siberian Sea, appears to be asynonym. ‘These had no operculum; therefore -coalaliaa ov Sie DAPHNELLA. 317 the species cannot be aSurcula, I place it here temporarily, but it is not unlikely that a new group, perhaps a genus, will need to be made for it. Section MirromorpuHa, A. Ad., 1865. D. ritosa, Carpenter. Pl. 25, fig. 63. Equally spirally lirate throughout, lip scarcely sinuous, with about a dozen minute internal denticles ; purple-black, or choco- late-color, without and within. Length, 5-6 mill. So. California, Lower California. D. aspera, Carpenter. PI. 25, figs. 61, 62. Spirally lirate and longitudinally closely costulate, the inter- sections forming a roughly asperated surface ; reddish brown. Length, 3-5 mill. S. California, Lower California. Var. @Racitior, Hemphill. Fig. 62. Decussation not so deep, so that the surface is smoother, the tuberculation smaller; sometimes the clathration of the body- whorl is only seen on the upper portion, the longitudinal costulee becoming obsolete below. Length, 4-5 mill. D. errusa, Carpenter. Shell graceful, much effused, reddish brown; whorls narrow, elongate, sutures impressed; spirally striate, decussated by growth-lines; lip thin, scarcely sinuate ; reddish brown. L. 15°5 mill, diam. 5°5 mill. Neeah Bay, Washington Terr. Described from a single broken specimen (not figured’. D. trata, A. Adams. Shell whitish or light brownish, mitriform, acuminated below, spire and aperture of equal length; normal whorls five, convex, transversely lirate, the lire about equal and equidistant ; aperture narrow, columella arcuately truncate, with an anterior incon- spicuous plication, lip smooth within, margin crenulated. Japan. “A variety or allied species has the whorls longitudinally plicate, and some of the transverse lire corrugate or undulated.” No figure ; dimensions not given. D. Fiormana, Dall. PI. 34, fig. 12. Cancellated by longitudinal and spiral sculpture, the inter- sections nodulous, suture distinct, not channeled, outer lip thick, 318 HALIA. lirate posteriorly, inner lip transversely quadriplicate, the pos- terior plait strongest ; chocolate-colored. Length, 6 mill. Key West, Fla., on the reefs at low-tide. I figure this to complete the list of Mitromorpha, although Dr. Dall describes it as a Mitra, with a queried reference to Mitromorpha. I doubt its pertinence to the group, as it appears to me to have the facies of a true Mitra. D. pormiror, Sowerby. PI. 27, fig. 23. Dr. P. P. Carpenter says (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. xv, 182, 1865), “M. Crosse suggests that Columbella dormitor, Sby., may be congeneric (with Mitromorpha).” I think it is a true Columbella. Inhabits Caribbxan Sea. CRONIA ANOMALA, Angas (Manual, II, Purpurine). Prof. Tate believes this to be a Mangilia. I cannot agree with him. Genus HALIA, Risso, 1826. H. Priamus, Meuschen. PI. 31, fig. 1. Rather thin, smooth; yellowish brown, sprinkled, except on the upper part of the whorls, with distant square or long chestnut spots, which sometimes have band-like regularity. Length, 3 inches. Bay of Cadiz. It is Priamus stercus-pulicum, Chemn., Buccinum jficus, Mar- tyn, Priam agathine, Chenu, Bulla helicoides, Brocchi, Achatina maculata, Swainson, Helix priapus, Gmelin. Hara FLEMINGIANA, Macgillivray. This = fry of Buccinum Dalei, Sowb. (Manual, iii). Unidentified and Unfigured Species of Pleurotomide. Of the following names and descriptions most may be con- sidered obsolete, and not worth the trouble of group-division, others, of more recent date, I cannot place for want of illustra- tions: | P. TENUIS, P. SEMINUDA, P. suBULATA, P. RUSTICA, P. OBLIQUA, P. MenkeI, P. IsaBeLLa, P. ELONGATA, P. ELONGATULA, P. FusiI- FORMIS, P. FERRUGINEA, P. FUNICULUS, P. CHEMNITzII, P. CERITHINA, P. coRNEA, P. coccINEA, P. cuRnvaTa, P. ATRATA, all of Anton, and without localities. a re | , APPENDIX. 319 P. peRLATA, Lesson. Sandwich Isles. P. eraciuis, Marrat. West Africa. PL. suBpuLATA, Menke. PL. NIVEA, Phil. (formosa); Pu. vesTatis, Phil. ( Hab. 2). PL. LYRATUM, Pfeiffer (Gmelin). ? — Lyria. Pi. apusta, Sowb. Monte Christi, W. Columbia. CaiLLiaupI (Conus), Jay. PI. 34, fig. 13. Hab. unknown. Looks something like a Conorbis, but is more probably an immature Strombus; notwithstanding its sinus, it can scarcely be a Pleurotoma. Pi. VANCOUVERENSIS (Vancouver’s Isl.), Pu. ALBATA (Persian Gulf), Pu. sexcostata (Singapore), PL. RUBROAPICATA (Japan), of E. A. Smith. Pu. 1nscutpra, Mighels. Key West, Fla. PL. MICANS, PL. CRASSILABRUM, PL. stnuosA, PL. ToDILLA, PL. OBNUBILA, PL. crrcuMsEcTA, Mighels. Sandwich Islands. Pui. Augusta, PL.FUscocINcTA, PL. FUSIFORMIS, PL. FLAVOCINCTA, PL. ALBOMACULATA, PL. ELATIOR, PL. ALBIDA, PL. ALBELLA, C. B. Adams. Jamaica. Appendix. PLEUROTOMA YEDDOENSIS, Jousseaume. PI. 34, fig. 7. A Japanese form, recently described and figured, which will, I think, prove synonymous with P. grandis, Gray. Dritiia HemPuiLit, Stearns. Page 185. For inches read millimetres. DRILLIA MAKIMONOS, Jousseaume. PI. 34, fig. 10. Whorls closely spirally sulcate, the interstices slightly striated ; white, with large longitudinal yellowish maculations. ° Length, 25 mill. Japan. D. PovLogensis, Jousseaume. PI. 34, fig. 11. Shell brown, spirally lirate; outer lip crenulate, with a slight sinus. Length, 20 mill. Malacca. Described from a single specimen. D. CLrvet, Jousseaume. PI. 34, fig. 9. Shell spirally costate; white, fasciate with light brown; outer 320 APPENDIX. lip crenulate, ridged within, with a shallow, wide sinus; colu- mellar lip with a median callosity. Length, 9 mill. Ceylon. Described from a single specimen. » D. BEtLaARDI, Jousseaume. PI. 34, fig. 8. Shell white, spirally costate; outer lip crenulated, with a shallow sinus near the suture; columellar lip with a median pli- cation. Length, 11 mill. Hab. unknown. The above three species are, judging from the figures, described from immature and imperfect, possibly water-worn specimens, so that it is not easy to compare them with previously described species. Thereare a number of spirally ribbed species described by Smith and older authors to which these may be approximated, but in the absence of material, no definite result is practicable. The practice of describing unique and imperfect specimens can- not be too strongly condemned. Desire for scientific renown will continue to enlarge our synonymy, until some method can be devised, by which no man’s ambition can possibly be gratified in the making of generic and specific names. Although Dr. Jousseaume has furnished the text of this sermon, it is not intended to signalize him as a principal offender; much greater men—in fact the greatest conchologists are equally in fault in their desire to write nobis as frequently as possible. DRILLIA LIMONITELLA, Dall. Pl. 34, fig. 6. Small, thin, translucent, lemon-yellow, very faintly narrowly brown-banded on the periphery and below it on some specimens, the columella also brown-tinged ; whorls turreted, nodulated at the periphery by about a dozen ribs, which extend across the shoulder to the suture, spiral sculpture very fine and close; outer lip slightly thickened, with a distinct, rather broad, shallow sinus. Length, 6°75 mill. Cedar Keys, Fla., on mud flats between tides (Hemphill). CotumBARiuM PacoporpEs, Watson. This species, recently described as a Fusus, is probably only a variety of C. Pagoda, Lesson. It is unfigured. Off Sydney, N. S. W. Se eee ee g PND x VAN D SYNON Y MY. PLEUROTOMIDE. ———--- — Abbreviata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 182, : ; : : : . : : : : Abyssicola (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 260 Abyssicola (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Icon., sp. 157, 1844, . - ‘ : : . 309 Acanthodes (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn, Soc., xv, 433, SSL... : : : : . 249 Accincta (Daphnella), Montagu. Test. Brit. Suppl., 114, . 310 Aculeiformis (Pusionella), Lam. Hist. Nat., Hd. ii, ix, 461, 234 Acuminata (Drillia), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1848, Acuta (Bela), var. of concinnula, Verrill. Trans. Conn. we. vp. 410. == 6. eoncinnula, Verrill, : ‘ . 22] Acuta (Pleurotoma), Bellardi (1842). = Spirotropis carinata, Phil. Acutangulus (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 218, 261 Acuticostata (Mangilia), Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 162. Mazat. Cat., 400; 2d Report, 36, 184. = M. neglecta, C. B. Adams. Acutigemmata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. WN. H., 1877, p. 489.. = P. jubata, Hinds. Adusta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 137, 319 MHgeensis (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 164, 1844. — D.turgida, Forbes, . . 308 Agrota (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845 \D. 117, 309 mula (Drillia), Angas. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 36, pl. wv, a2. 9. = D. Traillii, Hutton. Equalis (Pleurotoma), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, p. 369. = M. linearis, Mont., var. a 2 ruginosa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., “1845, i Pe . 811 A ffinis (Clathurella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 102; Proc. Cal. Acad., v, 62, t. 2, f. 7, A . 281 Affinis (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon , f. 309, 1846. = Drillia flavescens, Reeve. (321) 322 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Agassizii (Pleurotoma), Verrilland Smith. Am. Jour. Arts and Sciences., 3d vol., xx, p. 394. . Agathine (Priam), Chenu. Conch., f. 903, p. 249 (1847). — Halia Priamus, Meuschen. Aglaophanes (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soe., p. 251, vol xvi, 1882." - Agnewi (Drillia), T Woods. Proc. Roy. Soe. Tas., 1878, p. 36, nies (Drillia), Reeve. an Zool: Soe., 1843, p. 181, Alaskensis (Bela), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p- 98, 1871, Alata (Drillia), H.and A. Adams. Gen. Shells, 90. = PI. crenularis, Lam. Alba (Bela), Brown. Brit. Conch., 7, t. 5, f. 62. ? — B. rufa, Mont. Alba (Bela), Pennant. ? == B. turricula, Montagu, 5 Alba (Clathurella), Desh. Moll. Reunion, p 110, ‘Dl. Xi, f. 17-18, ‘ Albata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Aan. Mag. N.H. 1882, p. 210, Albella (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 63, IL. Ses , : , : : ; : , : : Albibalteata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 182. = C. Cumingii, Powis. Albicans (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sul. ey 23, pl. 1, 8 Albicarinata (Pleurotoma), 8 Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 253. = P. oxytropis, Sowb. Albicaudata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 299, A : : ; Albicincta (Drillia), Ad. and Reeve. “Voy. Samarang, 40, t. 10, f. 6. = D. putillus, Reeve. Albicincta (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, BAN. ; Albicostata (Drillia), Sowb. ’ Proc. Zool. Soc., 135, 1833, Albida (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. Hy i ii, Detonune ; ; “ ; : , : . E s Albida (Pl. Leufroyi, var.), Bucq., Dautz., Dollf. Moll. Roussilon, 96. — P. Leufroyi, Mich . Albida (Mangilia), Deshayes. Exp. Morée, iii, p. 176, ey 19, f. 29-94, . Albifuniculata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1846, p- 6. = P. tincta, Reeve, : Albina (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert., Vil, p. 96, . Albinodata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 6, 1846. = Drillia zebra, Lam. Alboangulata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, PAGE. . 316 Se a ee ee ee ee ee INDEX AND SYNONYMY, Albocincta (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871. p. Pa. Plath Soa * ‘ ‘ : : Albocineta (Crassispira), C.B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. IN; H.; il, p: 8. == D. zebra, Lam. Albocinctus (Fusus), Petit. ‘Jour. de Conchyl., ii, 76, t. 1, f. 12, 1851. = Pusionella vulpina, Born., var. Albofasciata (Pleurotoma), E. A. a Amn. Mag. Nat. Hist., 491, 1877, - Albolaqueata (Mangilia), Carpenter. eae Zool. Soe., 1865, p. 280, : : F 2 : Albomaculata (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Proc. Bost. Soe. INGE Spee: Albomaculata (Pleurotoma), a’Orb. Sagra. Hist. Cuba, i; 176, 1846, pl. xxiv, f. 16-18. — D. zebra, Lamarck. Albopustulata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 211. =D. zebra, Lam. Albostrigata (Defrancia), Baird. Voy. Curacoa, pl. 37, f. 3, 4, Albovallosa (Pleurotoma), Carp. Mazat. Shells, p. 396. = D. nigerrima, Sowb., var. Albovirgulata (Mangilia), Souv. Jour. Conch., 1860, p. 124, pl. ii, fig. 12, : : é : ‘ Albovittata (Mangilia), ©. B. Adams. ’ Proc. Bost. Soe. N. Ho 1st5ip. 4; Albula (Pleurotoma), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Zeal., p. 12, Albus (Fusus), Jeffreys, 1849. — Thesbia nana, Lovén. Aleutica (Bela), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 99, 1871, Alternans Sera ie Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H. 1882, 298, 2 Alternata (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soe. Tas. , 1878, Boy 1s Amabilis (Cithara), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 1874, pt. 2, p. 23, pl. i, f 11, . : Amabilis (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 40: Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 21, pl. vii. f. 3, Amabilis (Pleurotoma), Jickeli, MS. Kiister, Conch. ‘Cab., 25. = P. gemmata, Hinds, var. Amanda ( (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 207, Amblia (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, p. 249, 1882, Americana (Bela), Packard. Mem. Bos. Soc., i, p. 233, pl. taf. EL, - : 5 : ; : ; : Amicta (Pleurotoma), ), E. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. app, - —= P- cingulifera, Lam., : ; ; : ; Ameena (Defrancia), G. O. Sars. Friele, Jan Mayen Moll., fie : ; ; . : ; ; 3 : F Amplexa (Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 338, . : : z ; : P - : : 3 324 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE, Anceps (Pleurotoma), Hichwald. Naturh. Lith. Volh., 225, 1830, - ‘ : : : , : . 313 Ancistrosyrinx, Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. is, p. 53, ESS. : She: 176 Angasi (Drillia), Crosse. Jour. de Conch. 3d ser., ili a 87, pl. iS ite, BOS, 2 : 187 Angela ( (Cithara), Ad. and Angas. Proc. Zool, Soc., 1863, p-419, pl. xxxvii, f..4, ; 3 5 : 4 . 267 Angicostata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p.4, 252 Angiostoma (Cythara), Pease. Am. J. C., iv, p. 105. — M. triticea, Kiener, ; 4 E . : 3 . 268 Angularis (Bela), Donoy. Brit. Shells. any turricula, Montagu, . = a9 Angulata ( Daphnella), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N.H. 1865, /XV,p. 395, 312 Angulata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p- 64, 259 Angulata (Pleurotoma), Kiener. Pleur., 74, t. 26, f. 4, ? — P. ruhida, Hinds. Angulatus (Bela), Morch. Moll. Greenl., No. 85. — B. turricula, var. nobilis, Moll, . 3 ‘ = PLY) Angulifera (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Te. , pl xxix, if 360, : : P BTS Angulifera (Pleur. y Weinkauff. Cat. No 20. — PI. cingulifera, Lam. Angulosa (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 227, t: 16) t-6, Sire: — B. cancellata, Mighels, . 218 Angulosa (Mangilia), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, Dito pol: dix, fie: ALO as . 256 Angusta (Drillia), ), B.A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. i. 1877 \p. 495, 211 Angustior (Pleurotoma), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. Nat. H. eit, xix, 330. = Var. of B. declivis, Lovén, . ; Bre 8) Anna, Risso. ~ Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid. ,o19 Circumvoluta (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soe., Xv, 465, 1881, . F . . 299 Cirratum (Pleurotoma), Brugnone (non Bellardi, 1847). Mem. Pleur. Foss., 1862, p- ‘TY, fe t= ME Marchi, Malm. Cithara (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 140,1849, . 268 Citharella (Mangilia), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., Edit. Desh. A ix, 407, : : oon Citharopsis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch, iv, 91, 1868. = Columbellide. Clandestina (Pleurotoma), Desh. Moll. Reunion, p. 110, pl. xii, f. 15-16, . 298 Clara (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p- 112, . 252 Clara (Surcula), Martens. Mittheil., i, p. 35, pl. 8, f. 1 a- d. 239 Clathrata Ce eenucella, Marcel de Serres. Geogn. du Midi, |S ps By (at - e206 Clathrata (Daphnella), Gabb. Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sce., 1865, p. 185, . 306 Clathrata (Drillia): “Gray. Ann. Mag. N. He ile 1838, p. 28,. 212 Clathrata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. le. pl. 39, f. 361. = C. candidula, Reeve, var.,_ . : Bes Clathurella, Carpenter. Mazatl. Cat. 399, 1857, ; 159, 274 Clavata (Mangilia), C. B. Sowerby. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, a . 261 Clavata (Drillia ¢ Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc. , 1833, p. 135, . 190 Clavatulus (Murex), pars. Dillw. Cat., i, p. 713. = Pleur. muricata, Lam. Clavatulus (Murex), Dillwyn. Cat. ii, p. 713. (Ex-parte.) = Pleurotoma taxus, Chemn. Clavatula, Lamarck. ree An., 84,1801, . , . 157, 228 Clavatuline, : : ; 5 : : : . 153 Clavicantha, Swainson. Malac., 155, 314, 1840. = — Clavatula, Lam. Clavulus (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134. = Columbella, Manual, v, 184. 334 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Clavus, Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 434, 1810. = — Drillia, Sect. ; 155, Clevei (Oligotoma), Jousseaume. Bull. Soe. Zool. France, 1883, 200, : Climacota (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn, Soc., XY, 1881, 428, Clinura, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, 204, 1877. — — Sureula, Sect. 5 ; ; Clionella, Gray. Zool. Proc,, 153, 1847, . sal5T; Clionellieformis (Drillia), Weinkauff. Conch. Cab., p. 106, t2°25,4.10,. Coarctata (Mangilia), Forbes. Ann. Nat. Hist., vi; 107. — M. costata, Forbes and Hanley, ‘ Coarctata (Mangilia), Weink. M. M. Conch., ii, p. 125 (non Forbes). = M. multilineolata, Desh. Coccinata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, P. 118, Coccinea (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, Cochlespira, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 210, 1865. = Pleurotoma, Lam. Coffea (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 209, Cognata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1877, p . 490, - : : : Colini (Clava aio, von ‘Maltzan. ‘Jahr. Mal. Gesell., 1883, 126, /b2 35.8. Oso Collaris (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proce. Zool. Soe. , 1833. = D. zebra, Lam. Columbarium, Martens. Conch. Mitth., p. 105, t. 21, f. 1-3, 1881, : : . 154, Columbella (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. ix, 60, Columbelloides (Cythara:, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62. — M. Marginelloides, Reeve, Comarmondi (Pleurotoma), Mich. Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord., ili, 263, t. 1, f. 6. = P. gracilis, Mont., Comatotropis. (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 58, : : : : Commoda (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. He 1882, 299, Companyoi (Mangilia), Bueq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 108, t. 15, f. 20-22, 1883, Compsa (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soe., XV, 410, 1881, Compta (Cithara), ‘Ad. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 419, pli ssexwa, f.. 55, Compta (Pleurotoma), ), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118. = C. vultuosa, Reeve Concentricostata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845, pews , : é 4 : : ‘ : PAGE. 185° 319 200 . 158 233 . 198 _ a INDEX AND SYNONYMY. BE, : PAGE. Concinna (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Zool. Soc. N. H., 1861, p. 382, : : : : : . 306 Concinna (Pleurotoma), “Dunker. "Proc. Zool. Soce., 1856, p. 356; Mal. Blatt., xviii, p. 160. — C. Reeveana, Desb., . 291 Concinna (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch. Reg. Neapol., 1836, p. 12, fig. 18, . me a Concinnula ( Bela), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., Vv, p. 468, pl. mini t, 455 pl.tvii,, £21, 1883,... . 220 Concolor (Drillia), E A. Smith, . Ann, Mag. N. Et, ‘is77, p. 498, . 212 Conica (Pleurotoma). Ene. Meth. 7 pl. 439, f. 9 a-b. : — P. muricata, Lam. : . 229 Coniformis (Cythara), Gray. Moll. Voy. ‘Blossom, p- 119, 264 Coniformis (Pleurotoma), Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., 1875, p. 288, pl. xiii, f. 5. — M. Souverbiei, Tryon, . 265 Conohelicoides Cece, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 4 ‘ : : : : . 262 Conoidea (Bela), Sars. "Moll. Norv., 236, t. 16, f. 14, 1878, 221 Conopleura, Hinds. Moll. Voy. See p. 24, 1844. = Drillia, Sect. - 155, 211 Consimilis (Pleurotoma), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p- 188, t. 19, f. 11. =D. Sinensis, Hinds. Consociata ’(Crassispira), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 496. Jahrb. Mal. Gesell., 1883, 121,t.3,f.4, . 192 Constricta (Clathurella), Gabb. Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sc., 1865, p. 184, . ae! i aeeedy Contortula (Clathurelia), G. and H. Nevill. J.A.S. Beng., 1875, pt. 2, p. 92, pl. vii, f.12, . nr laa baa Contracta (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1843, p. 185. = Mangilia gracilenta, Reeve, , : : . 252 Convexa (Defrancia), Jeffr. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 33, 299 Coppingeri (Mangilia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. Pie ploivs fs 25 < : : , . : . 255 Coralligena CPL Leufroyi. var.), Monterosato. Enum. e. Sinon, 46. — M. Leufroyi, Mich. Corallina (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 435, ESS!, ; : : ‘ ‘ : . 249 Corbis (Pleurotoma), Michaud. Monterosato. Enum. e. Sinon, 46. — P. purpureum, Mont. ‘ : ‘ . 275 Cordiera, Rouault. Bull. Soc. Geol., v, 1848. = Borsonia, Bell. . : : : ‘ , oy Cordieri (Clathurella), Payr. Moll. Corse., 144, t. 7, f 11, 2 Coreanica (Pleurotoma), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, t. 10, f. 8. = P. javana, Linn. . 237 Cornea (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. , 1846, p. 5, . 253 Cornea (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, Po ldee < . 318 336 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Cornuta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833. — D. nigerrima, Sowb. Coronata (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, P. 45 ; Moll. Voy. Sul., p. 26, pl. ix, f. 2 Coronata (Mangilia), Mighels. Proc. Bost. Soc., 1845 p- 23. Coronatus (Murex Turris), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x1; p 4, t. 190, f. 1831 and 1832. — Pleurotoma muricata, Lam. Corpulenta (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soce., xv, p. 446, 1881, Corrugata (Borsonia), Pease, “MSS. Carp. Zool. Proc. 1865, 516; Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 232, : Corrugata (Clathurella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., Xviii, p 159, 1371. = Co rubrogottata; H. Ad": Corrugata ( (Pleurotoma), Kien. Coq. viv. re 9, f. 2. — P. undatiruga, Bivona, Corrugata (Pleurotoma), Sowerby. Taal Proc: 184, "1833. — Drillia Sowerbyi, Reeve. Corusea (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 183, Costata (Mangilia), Forbes and Hanley. Brit. Moll., iii, 485, Costata (Pleurotoma), Gray, MSS. Reeve, Icon., sp. 298, 1846. =—M. trilineata,C. B. Ad. . : : : : Costatum (Pleurotoma), Donovan. Brit. Se V, nbeltios PAGE. 1 Se oe septangularis, Mont. : ; : . 223 Costulata (Mangilia), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., vi, p. 227; xvili, p- 165, : : : . 255 Costulata (Mangilia), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer., iv, p. 219, 1826. — D. nebula, Montg. : : : - 307 Costulata (Pleurotoma), DeBlainv. Faune Frang.,t. 4 ,f.6, 309 Costulatum (Pleurotoma), Gmelin. Syst. Nat. ?— P, Cordieri, Payr. Costulifera (Cithara), Pse. Carpenter, Proc. Zool. Soc., 516, 1865. ara ornata, Pse. Am.Jour. Conch., iii, 232. Coxi (Drillia), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 118, pl. 13, f. 15. = D. Sinensis, Hinds. Cranchiana (Mangilia), Leach. — M. linearis, Mont. Cranchii (Pleurotoma), Brown. Brit. Shells, 6, t. 5, fi 5. — B. rufa, Mont. : 2 : : : . 224 Crassicostata (Borsonia), Pease. "Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 143, . : : : . 227 Crassicostata ‘(Mangilia), C.B. Adams. Conch. gene p- 66, 1850. = M. badia, Reeve, . ‘ : . 247 Crassicostata (Mangilia), Dunk. Mal. Blatt, xviii, p. 164, . 261 Crassilabrum (Mangilia), Reeve. Conch. Te. , Sp. 36, 1846,. 265 Crassilabrum (Pleurotoma), Mighels. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. 13 Becta : : ; : : . : : 7319 ) INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Crassilabrum (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, . 135, : : : ‘ : : : : Pe sispirs. Swainson. Malac., 152, 313, 1840. = Drillia, Sect. . : 155, Craticulata (Defrancia), Olivi (nee Linn.). Chieregh. Conch., 6G. == M.. Cordieri, Payr- Craticulata (Lachesis), ’Mareh. Mal. Blatter, vii, p. 104, . Crebricostata (Daphnella), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, XV, p. 28, Crebricostata (Pleurotoma), I Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p- 41; Reeve, Icon. Pleurotoma, Corrections. == Dy Maravigne, Bivona. Crebriplicata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, Didar’: : Crenularis (Drillia), Lam. Anim. sans ‘Vert., vii, , p- 92, Crenulata (Daphnella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch. ep ales 3 "921, pl. 15,fig.20, . Crispa (Pleurotoma), Lam. ‘Anim. s. Vert., vil, ». 95, 1818, Crispatum (Pleurotoma), Phil. En. Moll. Sic., , p. 200; p- 170, t. 26, f. 12. — D. Loprestiana, aie A Crocata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 110, Cryptoconus, v. Koenen. Arch. f. Nat., 1880, ii, 211. Cry; ptorrhaphe (Pleurotoma), Sowb. App. Tank. Cat. Dp. 14, Crystallina (Clathurella), Gabb. Proce. Cal. Ac. N. S., 1865, p. 184, : Cubensis (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. 8. , 1882, 211. = Mangilia luctuosa, d’Orb. : Cunninghami (Pleurotoma), Smith. Proce. Zool. Soc., ‘1881, B.2h, pL Wedal< (== .B. subluta, Gould, Cuprea (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1843, p. 187. = D. fuscescens, Gray. Curculio (Clathurella rugosa, var.), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc., 1875, 86, . : 3 ‘ : Curta (Daphnella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., ,P. 291, M5, 7.99... Curvata (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 14, : Cumingii (Clathurella), Powis. Proc. Zool. Soc. , 1835, Bocladensis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., "pl. XK, fig. 289, 1845. — D. brachystoma, Phil. Cy clophora (Clathurella), Desh. Moll. Reunion, P. 1, pl. xii, f. 19-21,1868, . Cylindracea (Bela), "Mill. Moll. Greenl. aa 13. = B. bicarinata, Couth. . : 5 5 Cylindrica (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 3, | ; : : : 5 - 337 PAGE. . 258 i338 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Cylindrica (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60, 267 Cyrilli (Raphitoma), Brusina. Contr. Fauna Dalm., 64 — M. linearis, Mont. Cythara, Schumacher. Essai nov. gen., 245, 1817. = Mangilia, Sect. : : ; J : f » 159, 261 Cytharella, Monterosato. = Cithara. Cytharopsis, A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv, 322. = Mangilia, Sect. . : : 5 , : . 159, 274 Dedalea (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A.N.S. Bae 3 219, Plo) fade. . 294 Deedalea (Cy thara), Pse. Am. Jour. Conch. ; All, ‘p: 218, pl. 15, £.13;.1867. == ©. debilis; Pease, . 270 Deedala ( Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p- 6. == Saancantnt ee, Gray, . 258 Dalli (Drillia), Verrill and Smith. Trans. Conn. Ac., Bak p. 451 pliivint, halla, ‘ : : SE Daphnella, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 25, 1844, : abo Daphnelloides (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Fes pl: xxiv, f. 206. = P. marmorata, Hinds, : 302 Darnleyensis (Mangilia), Brazier. Proc. Linn. ‘Soe. N. S. Wales,i, 154, . : : : ; . 256 Debilis (Cythara), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch, )P 105, 1868, . . 270 Debilis (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1888, P 39 ; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 17, pl. 5, f. 16, . 282 Decora (Pleurotoma ), Smith. ‘Amn. Mag. N. JS ls "1882 , 215. — M. trilineata, C. B. Ad., : . 248 Decorata (Daphnella), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr.,p, 62. — J). Lymneiformis, Kiener, . . 300 Declivis (Bela), Loven. Ind. Moll. Scand. - p- 13, : . 218 Declivis (Pleurotoma), Martens. Conch. Mittheil., 1, .39, £99: f22, 170 Decussata (Bela), Couth. Bos. Jour. Nat H. si, p- 183, pl. DV Set Saud ries met le Decussata (Mangilia), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., “iii, D. 217, pl. 45) 4510; . . 263 Decussata (Pleurotoma), Macgillivray. Moll. Aberdeen, p. 172. = P. Trevelyana, Turt. . . 221 Decussata (Pleurotoma), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 174, t. 26, f, 98,1844. = D. nuperrima, Tiberi, . ; : ; Sells Defrancia, Millet. Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1826. =a — Clathurella, Carp... : : é : : » bog Delacouriana (Cithara), Crosse. Jour. Conch., xvii, p. 177; Xx; p66) plo, t.400 5. : : : : : . 263 Delicata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pl, 34,.f 310, 30! INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Delicatula (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1878, 37, Delosensis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. " Conch. Te. _ pl. 40, f. 365. = P.clathrata, Marcel, . Deluta (Daphnella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii, p. 339, Demersa (Bela), Tiberi. Jour. Conch., 1868, p. 179. i Mirchi, Malm. . : : : 2 : : Dempsta (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii, p. 340, Denseplicata (Pleurotoma), Dunker. Mal. Blat., xviii, p.159, 2 Densestriata (Mangilia),C.B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 65. ? — M. balteata, Reeve, Dentatum (Pleurotoma), Souvr. Jour. Conch., xvii, p. 418; Xviii, p. 431, pl. xiv, f. 5, Dentifera (Clathurella), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph. op: 93 spl 1, f. 14; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44, . Derelicta (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. ve Desalesi (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Proc. Reae Soe. Tasm., 1876, 138, Deshayesii (Mangilia), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., Vig: 298, Deshayesii (Pleurotoma), Doumet. Mag. ‘de Zool. Moll., 1840, pl. 11. = P. Indica, Desh. Despecta (Defrancia), H. and A. ‘Ad. Genera, i, 96, . Detecta (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. ix, 65, 1881, Diadema (Fusus), Lesson. Sowb. Thes., iv, pl. 410, fig. 53. = Columbarium Pagoda, Lesson. Diadema (Pletirotoma), Kien. Iconog., pl. 8, f. 2. = Clavatula muricata, Lam. . Didyma (Genotia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., XV, 404, 1881, Difficilis (Pleurotoma), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc. ,1879, p. 187, pros toy. Digitalis (Drillia), Reeve. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1843, p- 186, Digitalis (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p- 65, Digna (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H. 1877, p. 499, Diminuta (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Conch. Contr. p. 63. = P. quadrata ? Reeve: : Discors (Bela), Brown. Brit. Shells, 6, t. 5, tebe 1. = B. pyramidalis, Strom. . Discors (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Geol. Soe. ,1833 \p. 137, = D. aterrima, Sowb., var. Discrepans (Bela), Brown. Brit. Conch., 6, t. 5, f. 49, 50. = B. rufa, Mont. Ditoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, 29, 5, 1877. = Clathurella, Sect. Diversa (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 182 eee Dolichotoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. “Piemonte, pt. wi 229, 1877. — Genotia, Section, 339 PAGE, ry es i bot 340 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Donata (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sul., p. 22, pl. 7, f. 7; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43, —.. Donovania, Bucgq., "Dautz. and ‘Dollf. Moll. “Roussillon, 85, Lesa 0 —— Lachesis, Risso. D’Orbignii (Pleurotoma , Reeve. Conch. Ic., pl. 39, f. 359, ede at candidula, Reeve, var. . Dormitor (Mitromorpha), Sowb. Carpenter, Ann. Mag., 182, 1865, 5 Dorvillize (Mangilia), Gray. “Reeve, Pleurotoma, sp. 249, Dowsoni (Pleurotoma), 8. V. Wood. = P. turricula, Mont. Drillia, Gray. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. i, 1838, p. 28, 155, Dubia (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 4; |. , : : ; : : : : é : Dubiosa (Cythara), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, ii, p- 93, pl. vii, f 18, Dunkeri (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff. Kiister’s Conch. ‘Cab., No. 86, t. 16, f. 2, — D. umbilicata, Gray. Duplicata ( Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1848. = P.olivacea, Sowb. . Duplicata (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff (not Sowerby). Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 10, f. 9, 11. == Drillia maura, Sowb. Dyscrita ( (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 448, 1881, Dysoni ’ (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p- 4, Dysoni (Mangilia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 29, Eborea (Drillia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. Te Sats Ebur (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 116, Eburnea (Drillia), Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 280, Eburnea (Pleurotoma), Bivona. Gen. posth. Cape ae — M. teniata, Desh. . Echinata (Drillia), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vil, p 91, Kchinatus (Pleurotoma), Broce. (not Lamarck). Conch. foss. Subap., 423, t. 8,f.3. = C. Cordieri, Payr. Efficta (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118. = C. vultuosa, be : ; : ; : : : Effusa (Daphnella), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., xv, 29, 1865, 5 Elatior (Pleurotoma), CoB: Ad. Proc. Bost. Soc., i ii, Y. ne Elatior (Clathurella), d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 173, t. 23, 't 35-37, : A : : : , Elegans (Ancistrosyrinx), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 54, 1881, 5 Elegans (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soe. , 1860, p. 144, Elegans (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, PAGE, . 210 _ INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 341 PAGE. Elegans (Defrancia), Moll. Moll. Greenl., p. 13. = Bela cancellata, Mighels, . 218 Elegans (Murex), Wood. Ind. Test. Supp., pl. 5, Ts 8. = Pleurotoma fascialis, Lam. Elegans (Pleurotoma), Brown. Conch. Gt. Brit. = D. costulata, Blainv. 3 . 309 Elegans (Pleurotoma), Bly. (non Donov.). = P. purpureum, Mont. Elegans (Pleurotoma), Donovan. Brit. Snclleey COTO feos — M. linearis, Mont. Elegans (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat., pl. 26, f. 5. = D. Maravigne, Bivona. Elegantior (Pleurotoma), 8S. Wood. 1872. = B. elegans, Moll. Jeffreys, Proc. Roy. Soc., xxv, 189. Elongata (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . Elongata (Pleurotoma), Gray. Beechey’s Voy., p. 119. ? — P. eryptorraphe, Sowb. Elongatula (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 74, . Elusiva (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 69, 1881, Emarginata (Clathurella), Donov. Brit. Shells, v, t. 169, f.2. —D. gracilis, Montagu, s . : : : Emendata (Pleurotoma), Monterosato. Conch. St. Vito. Jour. de Wank: 1878, 15%, 4 < : Engineformis (Clathurella), G. and I. Nevill. J.5:A 8: Beng., US1d, ui, pool spliviiy£s9, é Engonia (Genotia), Watson. Jour, Linn. Soc., XV 405 1881, Ericea (Mangilia), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur Moll. p: 1, pl. 5, oly, 2 : 2 : : : - Eritima (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 443, 1881, . : ‘ : A SV iets Eritmeta (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 432, 1881, Erosa (Drillia), Schrenck. Amurland “Moll. oH oy 405, t. XVii, figs. 5-7, . Erythreea (Pleurotoma), Jickeli, MS. (Kuster, t. 4, f. 10), Etallonia, Deshayes. Paris Fossils, 2d edit., 605, 1862, 156, Etruseum (Pleurotoma), Tiberi. Monterosato, Nuova — Revista, 42. — PI. calcarata, Grat. ; : Eucheilodon, Gabb. Jour. Acad. Philada., ‘Qd ser. , iv, 380, t. 67, f. ieee = Pleurotoma, Lam. Eucithara, Fischer. Man. de Conch. 593, 1884. = Cythara, Schum. Exarata (Bela), M@ll. Moll. Greenl., p. 12. = B. turricula, Mont. : Exarata (Bela), Verrill. Pro. Nat. Mus., 1.00. 366 (pars). = B. concinnula, Verrill. . 219 342 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Exarata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112, . 204 Exasperata (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 63, 1881, . ; : é ; ‘ ; i218 Exasperata (Drillia), Reeve. Conch. Icon. , pl. ii, fig. 8, 1843, 185 Excavata (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N a. 1877, p. 498, . 212 Excentrica (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1833. Excurvata (Bela), Opt: Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Phila., 1865, p. 63, . 223 Exigua (Drillia), Homb. et Jacq. Voy. Astr. et Zel. Y, 111, tf "25, LI 20 OD es . 188 Exigua (Bela), Jeffreys. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1883, 398, t. 44, SLOG: : 5 ‘ : ; . 216 Exilis (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 144, 299 Exilis (Drillia), Pease Am. Jour. Conch., iii p: 220, ie 15, OLS Gs : . 206 Exilis (Pleurotoma), Phil. Zeit. Mal., 1849, p- 31, : 209 Eximia (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1843 , Dp. Sl 290 Expansa (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 240, t. 17, 'f (5 1878, . 216 Exquisita (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. Joe Beng., 1875, p. 87 (pt. ii). == M. rubida, Hinds,. ‘ 271 Exquisita (Defrancia), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag., 33, 1882, . 299 Exquisita (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Ei, 1882, 305, 269 Exsculpta (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, p: 247, 1882, . : : : a 2 Extensa (Bela Blakeana, var), D Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. | LOol)., 1X. B05. | Wr. 5 : ; Les . 222 Fabagina (Pleurotoma), Adams and Reeve. Weinkauff, Cat., p.4. = P. fagina, Ad. and Reeve. Fagina (Pleurotoma), Adams and Reeve. ON Sam. rP. 40, . 9, f. 2-a-b, : ~ 167 Fairbanki (Mangilia), q. md H. Nevill. ‘fours As. Soc. Ben., 1875, ii, p. 85, pl. vii, f. 2 270 Fallax ( Clathurella rugosa, ap G. and H. Nevill. ie eee Beng., 1875, pt. ii, p. 87, . : ; : é ‘ 297 Fallax (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Rep. Aig. Invert., 139. = juv. P. gracilis, Montagu. . . 312 Farranii (Pleurotoma), Thomps. Ann. Nat. Hist., XV, , 316, t. 19, f. 3. =D. costulata, Blainv. . . 309 Fascialis (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert. , vii, p. 93, 4169 Fasciata (Cythara), Gray. Reeve, Conch. "Toon. Mangilia, sp. 52 . 269 tera (Clathurella), Hinds. " Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, P. 42; Voy. Sulph., t. 7, f ; . 292 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Fenestrata (Clathurella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt, xviii, p. 162, Fenestrata (Pleurotoma), Desh. Exp. Morée, 177. ?— D. costulata, Blainv. : ‘ : : : Fenestrata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, Ferruginea (Clavatula), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mal. Gesell., £863, 115, 1. 351.3. == Clomuricata; Lam., var. Ferruginea (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, Ficus (Buecinum), Martyn. Univ. Conch. — Halia Priamus, Meuschen. Fidicula (Bela), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 142, 1849, Filicincta (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 216, Filifera (Bela), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 56, 1881, Filosa (Clathurella), Gould. Proce. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, p. 338, . - : . : : ; Filosa (Mitromorpha), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., xv, 182, 1865, : : : ; : : Filosa (Pleurotoma), Marrat. Quart. Jour. Conch., i, ae 18T7, : Fimbriata (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc. La 1843, P 43; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 22, pl. 7,f.9, . Flammea (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, P 42; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 21, pl. 6, f. 21, . Flavescens (Mangilia), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. Bi pe Vet. Ves. ; ; : : Flavescens ‘ Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p- 111, Flavidula (Drillia), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, p. 92, 5 Flayocarinata (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 212, Flavocincta (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Conch. Contr., p. 63, Flavo-nodulosa (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soe. , 1879, P. 194, t. 19, f.. 21, Flemingiana (Halia), Macgilliv. Moll. Aberd. 1p. 189. — Buceinum Dalei, Sowb. : Flexuosa (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. io 1882, 214, Floridana (Mitromorpha), Dall. Proc. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, Fluctuosa (Drillia),Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 416, 1881, Folinez (Lachesis), Ph. Moll. Sic., ii, 1844, p. 189, t. XXVii, 10, ~ : : Folinez (Murex), Chiaje. Mem. ,t. xlix, f. 19- — Lachesis minima, Mont. : ; Foraminata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118, : ; s Forbesii (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. fe) pl. 31, f. 339. ?— D. brachystoma, Phil. ; : : ; : : Formicaria (Mangilia), Forbes. gean Report, 139, 1844. = M. nebula, Montg. Formicaria (Mangilia),Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 139, 23 344 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Formosa (Clathurella), Jeffreys. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, B91 44 £8, a2 Formosa (PI. reticulata, var.), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., 371. = M. Cordieri, Payr. Formosa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pl. 36, f. 331; Reeve, Corrections, Conch. Icon. — D. leta, Hinds. Forthiensis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 114. =D. accincta, Montg. : . 310 Fortilirata (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p 194, fp ok Oy 92 200 Fortis (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1844. = D. turgida, Forbes, 3 - 308 Foveolata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p: 5, 288 Fragilis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 111; Smith, Zool. Proc ,198,1879. —D.Lymneiformis, Kiener, 300 Fucata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool Soc., 1845. p. 110, . 189 Fulgurans (Daphnella), Krauss. Siidafrikan. Moll., p. 109, i, Wis fe LL : . 8ll Fulminata (Pleurotoma), Kicner: ’ Jeon. F Bs 10, f. 2. — P. tornata, Dillw., var. . 237 Fulva (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. ‘Soe., | 1845, Dp: 116. = M. lutescens, Reeve, . . 253 Fulva (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, Dp 44, . 210 Fulvocincta (Mangilia), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng, 1Sios ii, pSo,splovil, tek seuee - 252 Funebrale (Daphnella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., , Wil, P 100, 1871, : . 310 Funebris (Mangilia), Reeve. Proe. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 251 Funiculata (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60, : 3 257, 267 Funiculata (Pleurotoma), Val. , MSS. Kiener, Iconog., t. 16, f. 1. = P. olivacea, Sowb. . : . 238 Funiculus (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichnis, p- 13, . 318 Fusca (Bela), Brown. Brit. sie Go ts5; 1.0135 a — B. rufa, Mont. ; . 224 Fusca (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. " Proc. Bost. Soc. N. He: li, p. 4, : . 248 Fusea (Pleurotoma), Calcara. = — Mangilia Sicula, Reeve. Fusca (Pleurotoma), Homb. and Jacq. Voy. Sud Pol. Zool., V5(Daok LL G25), te 19-20. =P. gemmata, Hinds. Fuscata (Pleurotoma), Desh. ?%— D. nebula, Monte. . . 308 Fuscescens (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 125, 1843, . 193 Fuscobalteata (Clathurella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soce., 1879, p.. 196. pl xi, E26. . 284 Fuscocincta (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Conch. Contr., p. 62, 319 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Fuscoligata (Daphnella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 100, 1871, Fuscoligata (Mangilia rigida, var. Er Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soce., 1856, p. 163, Fuscolineata (Clathurella), Dkr. “Mal. Blatt., xviii, p. 162, Fuscolineata (Daphnella), Smith. Dunker, Jap. Moll., 25. — D. fuscobalteata, Smith. Fuscolineata (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., 1845, p. 4; Contrib. Conch., p. 54. — P., monilifera, ‘Sank. Fuscomaculata (Clathurelia), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 144, Fusconotata (Cithara), Cpt. Am. and Mag. N: Hi, 1864, xiv, p. 46, Fusiformis (Cithara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, Dp. 61, Fusiformis (Daphnella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. teers 1873, p. 229, pl. 3, f. 58, Fusiformis (Pleurotoma), °CAB: Ad. @anek: Contr. D. 64, Fusiformis (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 74, Fusiformis (Pleurotoma), Requien. Coq. Corse, Suppl, 101, No. 524, bis. = P. anceps, Hichw. Fusvides (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe. , 1846, p. 6. = M. gracilenta, Reeve, ; Galerita (Pleurotoma), Jeffreys (not Phil.). Brit. Conch., v, 221, t. 102, f. 6. — P. semicolon, S. Wood. Galerita (Pleurotoma), - Philippi. En. Moll. Sie., ii, 172, t 26, f. 15, 1844, Garnonsii (Pleurotoma). Reeve, ve pl. i Conch. fe 1843, Garrettii (Cythara), Pease. Proce. Zool. ‘Soc., 1860, p- 147. — Columbella lachryma, Gask. Vol. v, 165. Gealei (Daphnella), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 1882, 302, Gemmata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proe. Zool. Pree 1843, p. 37, : : Gemmata (Pleurotoma : MacAndrew Report. = P. amabilis, Jick. Gemmula, Weink. Jahr. Mal. Ges., ii, p. 287, 1876. — Be Pieurotoms, Sect. : oe Sys Gemmulata (Pleurotoma), Desh. Conch. Reunion, p. 107, pl. xii, f. 8-10. — Mangilia interrupta, Reeve, ? Genotia, H. and A. . Adams, em. Gen. Rec. Moll. i, 89, 1853. 154, Gibbera (Defrancia), Jeffreys. Brit. Assoc. Report, 1873, 114, . ‘ ; : ; 2 : Gibbosa (Cythara), Reeve. “Proc. Zool. Soe., 1846, p. 61, Gibbosa (Drillia), Born. Test. Mus. Ces., t. 11, f, 12, 13, 345 PAGE, . 301 . 269 299 oekig 346 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Gigantea (Bela), Morch. Moll. Spitzbergen, No. 33. = B. Schantarica, Midd. Gigas (Pleurotoma), Beck, MSS. Verkrtisen, Jahrb. Mal. Gesell., ii, 239, t. 8, f. 6, 7, 1875. = Bela Schantarica, Midd. Giliberti (Borsonia), Souv. Jcur. Conch., 1874, p. 189, pl. PAGE, Vile. 2, : ; i 5 2 ; i ; 228 Gilpini (Bela), Verkr. Jahr. Mal. Gesell., v, 1878, p. 226, . 222 Ginnannia (Mangilia), Reeve (not Risso). Mangilia, f. 45. ? — Pl. septangularis, : ; : . 223 Ginnannia (Mangilia), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv, 290, t. ", fr 99. — PD. nebula, Monte. . . 307 Glareosa (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii, p. 340, 271 Glumacea (Clathurella), Hinds. Proe. Zool. Soc. beer p- 44 Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 24, pl. vii, f. 15, : Spi Glyphostoma, W.M. Gabb. Proc. Ac. N.S. Phila. : iii, 2 270, pl. xi, f. 4, 1872; Semper, Verh. Hamburg, 199, 1875. — — Mangilia Risso, Sect. . : 159, 271 Godfroidi ‘(Pleurotoma), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, p- 54, pl. v, | es . 250 Goniodes (Pleurotoma), ‘Watson. “Jour. Linn. Soc., XV, 394, LS Gia . 242 Goodallii (Mangila), Gray, MSS. “Reeve | | Mangilia), 58, 260 Goreénsis (Mangilia),von Maltzan. Jahr. Mal. Gesell. 1883, 131 She a ee ee . 246 Gouldii (Bela), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., v \p 465, pl Ivii, £6) Ga ieeart 220 Gracilenta (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 184, 251 Gracilior (Clavatula), Sowb. Proce. Zool. Soc., "1870, p. 254, 232 Gracilior (Mitromorpha), Hemphill, . : OT Gracillima (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Cab., 26, t. 5, f. 4,5, 1876, . 165 Gracillima (Pleurotoma), Opt. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856 .p. 164, 174 Gracilis (Clathurella), Montagu. Test. Brit., t.1 ps 267, pl. XV, 1.05; : . 312 Gracilis (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p- 60, . 267 Gracilis (Pleurotoma), Marrat. Jour. once sis 240, el Gracilis (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch., 13, 1836. — P. attenuata, Montagu, : : : . 309 Gracilispira (Clathurella), E. A. Smith. Proce. Zool. Soe., 1879, p.1t 96, ple xise, 1,25; . 286 Gradata (Cythar a) en and H. Nevill. J ne 8. Beng., 1875, iL, “p: 95. pl: vais f. 15, . 262 Greffei (Pleurotoma), Weink, Jahr., ils te 9, lie Sh ‘10, P 290, 1875, / INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 347 P PAGE. Grandis (Pleurotoma), Gray. Griff. Cuv. An. Kingd., pl. Sexi, £1. ‘ ‘ g : . 163 Grandis (Pusionella), A. Adams. “Zool. Proc., 73, 1853. = P. vulpina, Born, 3 : : ‘ . 235 Granicostata (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pl. xxxv, f. 323, 1846, : ‘ ' : . 287 Granosa (Clathurella), Dkr. “Mal. Blatt., xviii, p. 162, 1871, 295 Granulata (Nesza), Risso. Hist., t. iv, p. 223, f. 67, 68. = Lachesis minima, Montg. . . 225 Granulatissima (Lachesis), Mirch. Mal. Blatt., vii, p. 103, 226 Granulatus (Fusus), Caleara. Ric. Malac., 1839, f. 10. = Lachesis Folinee, Phil. : . 225 Granuliferum (Pleurotoma), Brugn., 1862. = P. brachystoma, Phil. : . 308 Granulosa (Drillia), Sowb. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1833, p- 139, IeL9G Granulosissima (Clathurella), T.-Woods. Proe. Roy. Soc. Pasm., p.37, 1878,, --.. ; : F ; . 282, 285 Granum (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Moll. Sicil., ii, 170. = P. clathrata, Marcel, . 2G Gratula (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. , ix, 64, 1881, 213 Gravis (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., D. 16, pl. ot.) O, : : 3 : : PE) Grayi (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 114, 296 Greenlandica (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pl. xxxvii, f. 343. — B. bicarinata, Conch. . 215 Griffithii (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon. SP. 57, 1843. —D.crenularis, Lam. . > 18 Gruneri (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Zeit. f. Mal., 1848, p. 12. == P. Virgo, Lam. Guarani (Mangilia), d’Orb. Moll. Amer. Mer., p. 445, pl. Pcxyii, f. 13, 14, : : : . 247 Guerinii (Pleurotoma), Duval. Revue Zool. , 1845, p- 212, . 166 Guestieri (Pleurotoma), Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., 1872, p: 362; 1873, p. 58, pl. iv, f. 3. _ = M. reticulata, Reeve, 262 Guildingii eer e Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1845, pits, Gypsata’ (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 413, 1881, Hedropleura, Monterosato, Bueq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 85, 1883. = Bela, Sect. 5 ? + Ge Halia, Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. merid., iv, 52,1826, . 161, Hamata (Mangilia), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. H., xv, p. 399, 1865, Tes a AS a aa Re Hanleyi (Cithara), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., xviii, p. 164, Hanleyi (Drillia), Carp. Mazat. Shells, p. 398. = JD. rustica, Sowb. . 279 212 223 318 251 | 348 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Harfordiana (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 188. =D. nigerrima, Sowb., var., : Sate . 196 Harpa (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 144, 299 Harpula (Pleurotoma), Valenc., MSS. Kiener, Iconog., 58, t. 18, f. 3. = D. harpularia, Desmoulins. Harpularia (Bela), Couth. Bos. Jour. N. H.,11, p. 106, pl. 1, f. 10, 1838, ‘ 3 : : 3 2kg Harpularia (Bela), G. 0. Sars. Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. Boe pl 16, f.17, pl. ix, 1. 3.¢—c 1eits: = B. turricula, Montg. . : : : : : es) Harpularia (Drillia), Desmoulins. Revis. Pleur., p.56, . 193 Harrisoni (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoria, KiV, ps 00. : : : , ; : . 306 Harveyi ( (Bela), Verkr. Jahr. Mal. Gesell., v, p. 225, 1878, 222 Hastula (Pleurotoma , Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 187. = P. marmorata, Lam. 4 : : : : ; . 165 Havanensis (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo., ix, 67, 1881.) fg ie’ Hayesiana (Clathurella), Angas. "Proc. Zool. Soc. , 1871, p- 17, pl. i, fig. 17, . 281 Hebes (Bela), Verrill. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., iii, \D. 367. — B. decussata, Couth., var... . 217 Helicoides (Bulla), Brocchi. Conch. ‘fos. subap., t. Lyd: 9 aand J, p. 283. 1814. — fossil var. of Halia Priamus, Meuschen. Hemimeres (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 398, 188i; . 242 Hemphilli (Drillia), Stearns. Proe. Cal. Ac. one P 80, ‘pl. 1, f. 3 185, 319 Heptagona (Clathurella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., XVill, P 161, . 299 Heptagona (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Notizie, 42, t. 5 ke 9, — Pl. septangularis, Mont. Hexagona (Mangilia), Gabb. Proc. Cal. Ac. N.S., 1865, iii, p: 185, . 249 Hexagona (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p: 139, 18% Hexagonalis (Mangilia), Reeve. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118, ; : : : : . 251 Hexagonum (Pleurotoma), Pfr. "Arch. f. Nat., 1840, i, p. 258.) 7, : ; : : ag, Hindsii (Clathu: -ella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.186, 289 Hirsutum (Pleurotoma, Folin. Meleagrinicoles, 59, pl. v, 1.165 : : ; : ‘ i : . 270 Histrix (Defrancia), Jan. Bellardi, Mon. Pleur. Fos. Piem., 613, t.4,;f. 14. = C. Cordier, Payr. : . 275 Holbolii (Bela), Beck: aiyy=— Columbella rosacea, Gould. Manual, v, . ; ; ; ‘ : F . 223 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Homotoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, 264, 1877. = Daphnella, Sect. : Hondurasensis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1846, p.4, Hormophora Coe Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p-. 457, 1881, : : : : : Hornbeckii (Mangilia), Reev e. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, Hottentota (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 208, Humilis (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, D: 193, pl. met. 20, Hyalina (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1845 D. 116, Hypsela Wee! Watson, Jour. Linn. Soc., XV, 433, Lest, : ‘ : : : Igniflua (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113, Immaculata (Mangilia), T~Woods. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, Eehda,. Impages (Drillia), Adams and Reeve. Zool. Voy. Semarang, peo, ts95t 1 ab. | Imperfectum (Pleurotoma), Folin. Meleagrinicotes, p 60, pieov, f. 1%, : : Imperialis (Clavatula), Lam. Anim. S. Vert., Vii, p- 91, Implicata (Clavatula), Reeve. P. Z.S., 1845, p- 110, Impressa (Bela), Verrill. Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 365, 1880. — B. incisula, Verrill. Impressa PBela) Bec: Morch, Moll. SE eee Ann. Soc. Mal. Belg., iv, 21,1869, . ; : : ’ Impressa (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Salop. 221) pls Ge fe 23,24; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44, Incerta (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. “Mag. N. He 1877, p 496, . Incilis (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. ‘Soc., RV. 425, Incincta (Pieurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc. LXV, , 438, 1881, - : : Incisa (Drillia), Cpt. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. , 1866, p. 62, ‘ : Incisa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. = D. Maravigne, Bivona. Reeve, Corrections. Incisula (Bela), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p. 461, pl. xliii, f. 12; pl. lvii, f. 14. .— B. decussata, Couth., var. Inconstans (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xv, p. 417, , - : : - : Incrassata (Pleurotoma), Dajardin: Mem. Geol., ii, p. 292, t. 20, f. 28. — D. Maravigne, Bivona. Incrassata (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. ioe. = 1). Botte, Val: .. ; : é . : 349 PAGE, . 160 194 299 248 EOL . 203 301 . 249 302 - 306 - 184 . 192 350 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Incrusta (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1876, p- 136. = C. Letourneuxiana, Crosse, . . 286 Indica (Pleurotoma), Deshayes. Voy. Indes- Orient 1p. 421, Pleuli gt alae" : : 168 Indistincta (Mangilia), Monterosato. Nuov. Revista p 43; Enum. Conch., 107. ?— M. Bertrandi, Payr. . . 244 Inepta (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H. , 1882, 217, . 248 Inermis (Drillia), Hinds. Proe. Zool. Soce., 1843, pis, } shee Inflata (Clathurella), Crist. et Jan. Monts. Nuova Revista, 274 Inflata (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Moll. Sicil., i, 197, t. 11, f. 24. =P. Leufroyi, Michaud. ; Inflexa (Clathurella), Martens. Mittheil., ii, p. 108, pl. 21, figs. 10-12 : : : : : : : - 280 Infrasuleata ‘(Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A..N. S. Phila., 1873, p: 220, pl. 2, f. 35. = C. cavernosa, Reeve, . . 290 Inquinata (Pleurotoma, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. LET kee ‘ . KraG . 804 Insculpta (Mangiha), Aa. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p- 420) pl. Bis tS ; : : é . 256 Insculpta (Pleurotoma), Mighels. Proc: Bost..Soc-aN ane rey Ogee eos Fe 3 . : . 319 Insignis (Pleurotoma), Jeffreys. ‘Amn. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5 ser., xii, 120, 1883. = PI. circinata, Dall, : . 316 Intaminata (Mangilia), Gould. Proce. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1861, p. 339, : 271 Intercalaris (Defrancia), Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1556, p. 163, 299 Interfossa (Daphnella), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., pi p- 20), xv, : , . 310 Interlirata (Mangilia), Stearns. Proc. Cal. Ac., iv, p. 996, pl dt. 10; . 249 Intermaculata, (Drillia), “Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 193, pl. 19, f. 19, . 202 Intermedia (M. linearis, var. ), Forbes and Hanley, i ili, 471. — M. linearis, Mont., var. Interpunctata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., = 1882, p. 207, F : ; ; : F 3 : enol Interrupta (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 265 Interrupta eee Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p- 1a ee . 307 Interrupta (Drillia), L am. Anim. s sans ; Vert., Vil, |, p 92, . 181 Interrupta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proce. Zool. "Soc., 1833. = P. astricta, Reeve, ‘ : ; é . 241 Interstriata (Cy thara), E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soce., xii, p. 538, pl xan 1, A876; ; . 272 Tuterstrigata (Drillia), "Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H. 1882 208, 191 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 351 PAGE, Intertincta (Drillia), Edg. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 497, . 201 Ipara (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Com. Zool. 1K D. 51, 312 Isabella (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, : . 318 Ischna (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 403, rSsi;*. ‘ - . . : : : . 242 Eshnula, Olark: — Bela, Leach. Isseli (Cythara), G. and 'H. Nevill. J.A.S. Beng, 1875, ii, p. 94, pl. vii, p. 11, : : ‘ : : , . 272 Jacksonensis (Daphnella), ner Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, Pei. pisv; fe. 10; sgolt Japonica (Lachesis), ACSA dd: Ann. Mag. N. H., 1860, Va p. 411; Zool. Proc., 1879, 198, t. 20, f. 29, . 226 Japonica (Drillia), Lischke. | Mal. Blat., VAs) 105; Sap. Meer. Conch., p. 32, 1869, c . 202 Japonicus (Fusus), Gray. — — Columbarium Pagoda. Javana (Pleurotoma), Kien. ‘and Reeve va Linn. ys Potornata,Dill. — . ; : . 237 - Javana (Sureula), Linn. Ed. xill, p. 3541, : « 23T Jayana (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contr., ap: 61. = 1). zebra, Lam. Jeffreysii (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xy) Dp: 4] eat Jelskii (Pleurotoma), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., xiii, p. 33, psi, t 6, 4.0,=— P.Virgo, bam. 168 Jenisseensis ( Pleurotoma , Leche. Kongl.. So. Vet. Akad. Hand. Bd. 16, No. 2,p.56. = var. B. pyramidalis, Strom., 216 Jessoensis (Bela), E. A. Smith. Ann, Mag. N. H., 1875, xv, Sees ees ein Vath en . 223 Jewetti (Clathurella), Stearns. Proc. A. N. 8. Phila., ‘1873, p- 346, ei Jickelii (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff. Conch. Cab. th 4, f. 2 2, 3. P76, 5: 164 Jubata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1843, D 37, 171 Kaderlyi (Sureula), Lischke. Mal. Blat., xix, p. 100, . - 239 Kennicotti (Drillia), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 102, pl. 6,f, 251871, -. : , , ; 2 209 Kieneri (Pleurotoma), Doumet. Mag. de Zool. Moll., 1834, pl = = P. carinata, Gray. Kieneri (Pleurotoma), Maravigna. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc., 1840. —B.rufa, Mont. . . 224 Kingensis ( (Daphnella), Petterd. Jour. “of Conch. osha \p. 102, 306 Kobelti (Bela), Verk. Nach. Mal. Gesell., 1876, 6 17, No. 8. == B. decussata, Couth., var... pil 352 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Kraussii Soman E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 500, Labecula (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. 8, p. 281, Labiosa (Clathurella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, P "31, ploizxy 1.9; Lachesis, icc Hist Nat. hur Merd: sells 211, 1826, . 156, Lactea (Defrancia), Moller. Reeve, Icon. Sp: 324, — Bela Molleri, Reeve. Lactea (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 186. — P. tricarinata, Reeve, . : : ; ; Lacunosa (Clathurella), Gould. Proce. Bost. Soc. N ee vil, Ba3,2 5 Leta ‘Drillia), Hinds. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1843, p- ay : Levigata (Bela), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., Vil, ape 98, t. 16, f T. 1871. = B. Schantarica, Midd. Levigata (Pleurotoma), Phil. Enum. Mol. Sic., i, p. 199, = Bela Schantariea, Midd. PAGE. 223 . 315 184 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 359 PAGE, Morchi ( eae Malm. Goteborgs. Vet. o Vitt. Samh. Hdl... 1863, viii, t. 2, fig. 15, ~ ; : ‘ : ; . 315 Moretonica ee aoe Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 299 3 : : : : : : : . : : Morra (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 69, 1881, : : : : : : . 213 Mucronata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, . 198 Multicostata (Bela), Verkr. Jahr. Mal. Gesell., v, p- 297, 1878, é ‘ ; : . 222 Multilineare (Pleurotoma), Brown. —M. linearis, Mont. Multilineata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soe. Ben. i, p. 3. = M. polyzonata, H. and A. Ad. . . 248 Multilineolata (Raphitoma), Brusina. Contr., p. 65. = Mangilia rugulosa, Phil. Multilineolata (Mangilia), Desh. Exp. Moree, pl. 19, f. 46, 244 Multilirata (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p- 496, set Multiplicata (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Conch. Te., pl. 40, f. 364. — Lachesis minima, Montg. . 225 Multiseriata (Pleurotoma), K. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. ie be PSii..p. 471, : : . 174 Muricata (Clav atula), Lam. An. s. Vert. se WldG se Oe ke . 229 Muricoides (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Goain Conch., 65, . 248 Muricoides (Pleurotoma), Bly. Faune Franc., iii, t. 4, f. 7. — P. linearis, Mont. Mutica (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43; Moll. Voy. Sulph, pl. 7, f. 10, . d . 286 Mystica (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. “Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 183. = Clavatula muricata, Lam. . : . 229 Nagasakiensis (Clathurella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, ne90, 4-19, 6.13, ~. . 286 Nana (Cythara), Reeve. Proe. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 65. = M. cincta, Reeve, . : . 259 Nana (Pleurotoma), Monterosato. Nuova Rev ista, 43. = Mangilia Vauquelini, Payr., var. . A . 243 Nana (Thesbia), Lovén. Ind. Moll. Scand., 12, : : . 315 Nanum (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat., pl. 26, ia fs ie = D. turgida, Forbes, . : : : : : - 308 Nassoides (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Pleurotoma, sp. 9 ,).. j : - 296 Nebula (Pleurotoma), Montagu. “Test. Brit., 267, ae ae f. 6, 1883, é : : : . 307 Nebulosa ’(Borsonia), Pease. Zool. Proc. 143, 1860, . 228 Neglecta (Defrancia), C. B. Ad. Panam. Sh. 149, 1852. = C. despecta, H. and A. Ad. . : 7299 24 360 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Neglecta (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sul., p. 20, pl. 6, : . . 267 Nelliz ’(Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 180i; ff 1d p- 489, Neszea, Risso. Nat. Hist. Eur. Merid., iv, 293, f. 69, 1826; Tiberi, Jour. de Conch., 74, 1868. — Lachesis, Risso. Netrum, Philippi. Abbild., 111, 118, 1850. — Pusionella, Gray. Nexa (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 117, Nifat (Pusionella), Brug. Dict., No. 56, . Nigerrima (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe. 187, 1833, Nigra (Bela), Mich. Gal. ae 1, 446, t. 35, f5..6: — B. rufa, Mont. Nigrescens (Pleurotoma), O. iB: Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., Jan., 1845, p. 3. =D. fuscescens, Gray. Nigrescens (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. -235, Nov., 1845.. = P. nigrescens (C. B. Ad.). Contr., 54. Nigrocincta (Borsonia), Montrouzier. J. de Conch., 1872, p- 362, and 1873, pl. iv, fig. 2, p. 56, Nigrozonata (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff, Kiister, Conch. Cab., 66-4. 18, f. 2. = D. unizonalis, Lamarelk: Niponica (Pleurotoma), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 1ST, tel ua oie Nitens (Mangilia), ‘Cpt. Amn. Mag. N. H., 1865, xy, p. 394. — J). variegata, var., Cpt. Nitens (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., Dd. aie, pl a f.17. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41, : Nitida (Drillia), Kiener. ’ Teonog. . pl. DT sy te, a noike : Nitida (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1833. — P. variculosa, Sowb. Nivalis (Bela), Loven. Index Moll. Sceand., 14, Nivea (Pleurotoma), Phil. Zeit. f. Mal., 1851, p. 92, Nivea (Turris), Martini. Conch. Vol., iv, 143. = Pleurotoma Virgo, Wood. : Nobilis (Bela), Moll. Moll. Green., p. 12. — B. turricula, var., Mont. Nobilis (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., pl. 5, ‘ae and 2. = P. oxytropis, Sowb. Nodata (Drillia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 64, _ Nodifera (Drillia), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 145, Nodifera (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, p. 96. = P. Javana, Linn. . Nodilirata (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H. , 1877, 494 Noasean (Pleurotoma), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, p: 58, pl. ve 1.15, : : ; : ; : 3 PAGE, . 299 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Nodulosa (Drillia), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 279, Nodulosa (Raphitoma), cies? Rept. Brit. Assoc., 113, 1873, : : : : : : Normalis (Bela Blakeana, var. ), D Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Wool ie, 54, 1881, : : : : : Novee- Hollandiz (Cy thara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p- 62 : : z ; : Nove- Zelandixe (Drillia), Reeve. “Conch. Ie., sp. 143, 1843, Novaja-semljensis ee Leche. Kgl. Sv. Vet. ete: Handlingar xvi, 2, 53, t. 1, f. 15, : : Nucleata (Drills). Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Pies 1881," Nuperrima (Mangilia), Tiberi. Des. Nuov. Test. Medit. 1P. [te as 0) Ca a : Nux ’(Clionella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, P. 112 Obeliscus (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64. — M. hexagonalis, Reeve, Obeliscus (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p- 110, 205 Obesa RGiehorells), G arrett. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Sie, p. 221, pl. 2,4. 36, . ‘ : Obesa (Mangilia), Becve. Conch. Icon., errata, Obesa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. “4 33, 1843, Obesicostata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pl. XeXKNs f. 265. = Mangilia Guarani, Orb. Obliqua (Bela), Sars, Moll. Norv., 226, t. 16, f. 6, 1878, Obliqua (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. TR, : Obliquata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p- 115. Smith, Zool. Proc., 1879, p. 191, : Obliquicostata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 1 ae Oblongus (Murex), Brocchi. Conch. foss. subap., 430, t. 9, Z19. — P. gracilis, Mont. : ; ; ; : , Obnubila (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1848, p. 24, Obtusa (Clathureila), Reeve. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1846, p- 6, 2 Obtusicostata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, ae, : ; : : ; : Obvelata (Drillia), Car penter. — D. nigerrima, Sowb., var. Oceata (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41, Occidentalis (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pl. 39, f. 357, Ocellata (Lienardia), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ures 1884, . . : : ; : j Octangulata (Clathurella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., vi, p. 234, Oleacina mals Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, aS 1881, 361 PAGE. 212 362 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Oligotoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pl. 2, P. 235, 181T) = — Genotia, Section, : Olivacea (Surcula), 'Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 136, Olyra (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 112, Onager (Mangilia), Souverbie. Jour. Conch., 1875, p- 236, pln ia : Opalina (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. “Mag. N. H. , 1882, 215, Opalus (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p- 116, Ornata (Citharopsis), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, OG 186%. — Columbella Garretti, Tryon. Vol. v, 166. Ordinaria (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 216, Ornata (Pleurotoma), d’Orb. Ramon de la Sagra’s Cuba, ii, p. 171, t. 23, f. 26-28. — D. zebra, Lam. Ornata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 25, pl. foxteols : ; : : : : , ; Oryza (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 46; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 26, pl. ix, f. 4, . Ostrearum (Drillia), Stearns. Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H. x) p- 22, 1872, : ‘ Otocheilus, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., i 24, 1865. — Cythara. Ovalis (Bela), Friele. Prel. Rept. Moll Norw. ee 9, 1876; Jahr. Mal. Ges., 4, 263, Owenii ‘(Sureula), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Sp. 70, 1843, Oxy clathrus (Clathurella), Martens. Mitth.,i \p. 41, plo Ost: i Oxytropis (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, Pachia (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 460, 1881, . E : : A : : : : Paciniana (Pleurotoma), Calcara. Ricer. Malacol. Palermo, IS}339) i OM (eRe As : : é - : Packardii (Pleurotoma), Verrill. Am. Jour. DC.,°V,, Ps doy 1872, . , Peteliana (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff. Conch. Cab.. , 61 pl. 19, 2 Ba Pepto Pagoda (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5. — J). turris, Reeve. Pagodoides (Fusus), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 382. 1882. == Columbarium, Z s ; E ; Pagoda (Columbarium), Lesson. “Til. Zool. , pl. 40, 1831, Pagoda (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., "1845, Ds ify Palliata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 111, Pallida (M. linearis, var.), Forbes and Hanley, iii, 472. — M. linearis, Mont., var. Pallida (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, Pallida (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soce., 1833, p. 137, PAGE, . 154 237 306 . 272 . 261 . 253 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 363 PAGE. Pandionis (Pleurotomella), Verrill. Proc. U. 8. Nat. ve ili, p. 368, 1880, . . 316 Papalis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. — G. Mitrzformis, Wood, ; to Papillaris (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, D- 42, 256 Papillosa (Drillia), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 218, pl. 2, fig. 29, . . 207 Papuensis (Clathurella), Tap. Can. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., p. 247, 299 Papyracea (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., XV, p. 450, 1881, . : . : . : - 315 Paradoxa (Belomitra), Fischer. Jour. Conch., 1882, p. 275, 224 oe (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., 22, pl. 7, f. ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 42 OS aa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. , 1846, p. 5. — JD. fucata, Reeve. Partita (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pl. 36, f. 330. = P. striata, Hinds. Parvula (Clathurella), Reeve. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 115, 288 Patagonica (Drillia), d’Orb. Moll. Am. Mer., 446, pl. bs f. 15, iG: Martens, Mittheil., i, 36, t. 8, f. 3, . 208 Patruelis (Clavatula), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., XV, 419) 1875; :Zool. Proc., 188, t. 19, f. 10, 1879, : . 230 Patula (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1845 rP. 113. = D. Lymneiformis, Kiener, . . 300 Paucicostata (Cithara), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. eT, 1861... 271 Paucicostata (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 144, : : : ‘ ; . 299 Paupera (Sureula), Watson. ‘Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 411, 1881, 239 Paxillus (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1845, p. 117 . 194 Payraudeauti (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Mittelm., ii, 137. —D. attenuata, Mont. . . 309 Peaseana (Pleurotoma), Dunk. Mal. Blitt., XVili, p. 158, . 165 Peasei (Clathurella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soe. Beng., 1815, pt. 2,87. = M.rubida, Hinds, : - 271 Pelagia (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Loe, 61, 312 Pellis-phoce tage ee Proe. Zool. Soe. , 1845, p. 115; : : : ‘ ‘ : . 225 Pellucida (Cy thara), Reeve. Proe. Zool. Soe., 1846, p. 64, 266 Pellyi (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 218, . 261 Pelorius (Pleurotoma), Chiereghini. = P. gracilis, Montagu, . : ; ; : ; . 312 Penicillata (Pleurotoma), Cpr. Jl. de Conch, xiii, p. 146, 1865. —D.inermis, Hinds, . : 5 : : . 182 364 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE, Pentagonalis (Mangilia), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 255, 1845, . : : ; : : . 246 Peradmirabilis (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool Soce:, 1879; p. 189, 4.409. 0. 12) : . , : . 201 Peregrina (Clathurella., Gould. " Proe. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1861, 337, : : : : . 299 Peripla (Drillia), Dall. ‘Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 68, 1881, 213 Perlata (Lachesis), Morch. Mal. Blatt., vii, p. 104, . . 226 Perlata (Pleurotoma), Lesson. Revue Zool., 1842, p. 148, . 319 Perlatum (Pleurotoma), Requien. Coq. Corse, p. 75, 101. = Lachesis minima, Montg. . : : : ; . 225 Perparva (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 469, 1881, . ; : : : : Beas) Perpauxilla (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 468, 1881, . : . 299 Perplexa (Clathurella\, G.and H. Nevill. J. A. 8. Beng. = LST 9. pt. 1 pres, plovil, f.).05 . 293 Perron (Murex), Chemn. Conch. ee pl. 164, f. 1573, . 232 Perrona, Schumacher. Essai Nov. Syst., 218, 1817. — Clavatula, i -Ge 8s 1ST; 231 Perronii (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. 11843, p. 183. = Clavatula perron, Chemn. . . 232 Perversa (Sureula), Gabb. Proc. Cal. A.N _9., 1865, p. 183 ; Pal Cal. is Get th; : : . 239 Pessulata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, 260 Pessulata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 185, oll Petitii (Pleurotoma), Maravigna. Rev. Zool. uy. ‘Soe., 1840. ==. séealina, Pail. < . 223 Pheeacra (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soe., xv, 423, 1881, 212 Phallus (Buecinum), Gmelin. Linn., ed. xiii, p. 3503. — P. sinuata, Born. Philberti (Pleurotoma), Michaud. Bull. Soe. Linn. Bord., pl. 3, f. 2and 3. = P. purpureum, Mont. F ae Philipineri (Pleurotoma), T.-Woods. Proce. oy Soc. Tas., 1876, p. 136, : . iGlt Philippiana (Daphnella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt, XVill, P. 164. — D. delicata, Reeve, = atti Philippii (Raphitoma), ‘Weink. M. M. Conch., ii, p. 145. = Pleurotoma Sicula, Reeve. Philippinensis (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 184, : . 287 Philomena (Clathurella), T. Woods. Roy. Soe. Tasm. 1875, p. 141, ». 299 Pica (Drillia), Reeve. Proe. ‘Zool. Soe. , 1843, p. 181, 96 Picta (Clathurella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., xviii, p. 160; y. . 293 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 365 PAGE, Picta (Mangilia), Ad. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 419, E863, pl. 37, f. 7, : : : ; . 256 Picta (Pleurotoma), Beck, MSS. Mus. King. Denmark; Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 16, 1843, . Salita; Picturata (Pleurotoma), Weinkauif. Conch. Cab. iby ‘pl. 2 2, melo, wat, f. I-38 1876, . 164 Pingelii (Bela), M Her. Ind. Moll. Gren. aes 13, 1849, Bayh | Pinguis (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1873, p. 221, pl. 2, f. 38. — C. Malleti, Recluz, f IO Piperata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N.H. ,1882, 298, 299 Planilabrvides (Mangilia), Tryon, ‘ . 263 Planilabrum (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63. —M. planilabroides, Tryon, . ‘ : ; - 263 Planilabrum (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, . 182 ; : : : : . 263 Platamodes (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 447,1881, . : : ; : ye 5) Platia (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 253, 1882. = D. lophoessa, var. Platy cheila (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 214, : : ; . 261 Platy stoma (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mao SNE. ii puolly .: . 984 Plebeia (Pleurotoma) Watson. Jour. Linn. ‘Soc., XV, 395, . 242 Pleurotoma, Lamarck. Prodrom.,1799, . : 5 Tae 162 Pleurotomaria (Bela), Couth. Bost. Jour. INS HES i, p. 107, pl. 1, f. 9, 1838. = B. pyramidalis, Strom. . ; - 215 Pleurotomella, Verrill. Am. Jour. Sc.,3d ser., v, p. 15,1873. = Daphnella, Sect. . ; : - : : ~ L6l sol Pleurotomide, . : : : ¢ : . lol Pleurotomine, , 158, 162 Plicata (Clathurella), ©. 'B. Adams. Bost. Jour. Nat. H. 5 UE, p- 318, pl. 3, fig. 6, ~ 217 Plicatum (Pleurotoma), “Phil. En. Moll. Sic., if P. 118, t. 9, f. 15. = Mangilia Sicula, Reeve, juv. . . 244 Plicifera (Pleurotoma), Wood. Crag. Moll., i, p. 64, t. Vii, f. 15; Leche. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handlingar, Bd. 16, No. 258, : : . 222 Plicosa (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contrib. sip: 5A. = C. plicata, C. B. Adams, : BOOT Plumbea (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, Dp. 41, 300 Pluricarinata haga aah Proc. Zool. Soce., 1845, p. 117, on erasing Pluteata (Sureula), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 183, 240 Polita (Pleurotoma), Brusina. Verh. zool. -bot. Ges. Wien, 1865. = M. nebula, Monte. : 366 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Polita Poa a Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43, Polita (Zafra), G . and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng., ESTO Al,pps OG, iplnwill, 20, Polygonalis (Drillia), ‘Weinkauff. Kiister, Conch. ‘Cab., 1U9) bio, eos Polynesiensis (Clathurella), Reeve. Prog. Zool. Soe, , 1845, p.aL19;, Polytorta (Drillia), D Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Macq) "1881, Polyzonata (Mangilia), H. and A. Ad. Genera, i Polyzonatum (var. of Pleurotoma minutum), Brugnone. _ Pleur: foss., t..1,f. 10., = P.aneceps,. Hieh; Ponderosa (Mangilia), Reeve. Conch. Icon. 0) Beate 1 Pouloensis (Oligotoma),Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, 199, Pourtalesii (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Com. Zool. mK 60, Prattii (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, ?. 498, Priamus, Beck. Deshayes, Lam. edit., ii, viii, 249, 1838. — Halia, Risso. Priamus erie a eae Cat. Mus. Gronov., No. 1355, Vif Gola ‘ Priapus (Helix), Gmel. ; D. 3654, No. 198, 1788. — Halia Priamus, Meuschen, Prismatica (Pleurotoma), Brugnone. = P. costata, Forbes and Hanley. Producta (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1860, p. 143, Pruina (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour, Linn. Soc., xv, p. 453, Pseudo-carinata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, pelo, Pseudotoma, Bellardi. “Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, p. 209, PSG — Genotia, Section, Pudens (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 461, 1881, Pudica ’ (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 20, pl. 6, £ ie 12; Proce. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41, Pulchella (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1873, p. 219, pl. 3, f. 32. = C. purpurascens, Dunker, . Pulchella ( Olathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., a, p. 144, Pulchella (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, Pulchella (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 111, Pulchella (Taranis), Verrill. Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 368, 1880; Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 487, t.57,f. 17, . Palehe ren Clathurella), H. dane Biot Zook Soe. 1872, Dp. LA spl 1 Ae 6, : Pulchra (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Icon. sp. 351, 1846. = ). zebra, Lam. PAGE. dll INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 367 > PAGE, Pulla (Bela), Reeve. Adams’ Genera, i, 921, : , . 228 Pumila (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc., p. 23, 1845, 298 Punctata (Clathurella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., xviii, p. 163, . 299 Punctata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845,p. 111. — P. tuberculata, Gray, . F . 237 Punctata (Pleurotoma), Schubert et Wagner. ‘Suppl. p- 155, pl. 234, f. 4103, a,b. == P. tigrina, Lam. Punctatostriata (Drillia), parhentes Proc. Zool. Soe., 1856, p. 164, : ; : ‘ . 213 Puncticincta (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 114, : : 3 E ‘ . 290 Punctifera (Clathurella),- Garrett. Proc. AN: 82 Phila: Pai, Dylon. pie 2,1. 39, « . 293 Pungens (Clavatula), Gould. Proce. Bost. Soc. N. Ee, ‘1861, 339, . : 3 209 Pungens (Pleur otoma), Monter osato. ESO. Cordieri, Payr., var. : F : ; . 275 Pupoidea (Zatra), H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 14, pei, 1.27, : : . : : : . 314 Pura (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1861, 339, 306 Pura (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, 'p. 64, . 254 Purpurascens (Clathurella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., XVii, p. 160, iil, . : . 298 Purpurata (Plenrotoma), Souv. J. C. 2d ser., iv, ‘370, 1860; od ser., i, 276, pl. 11, f. 8, 1861, . 298 Purpurea (Clathurella), Mont. Test. Brit., 260, ae os f. 13, 275 Pusilla (Bela), var. of B. decussata, Couth. Verrill, ‘Tr. Conn. Ac., v, 481. Pusilla (Borsonia), Dkr. Mal. Blatt.,xvili, p. 163, . 228 Pusilla (Cythara), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 147, . 271 Pusilla (Drillia), Garrett. Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1873, p. 219, pl it, f. 31. — D exilis, Pease. Pusilla (Mangilia), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 63, 1846. = M. funebris, Reeve, F : : é : : . 251 Pusillum (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat., p. 13, pl. xxvi, f. 2 = Mangilia multilineolata, Desh. Pusio (Buccinum), Born. Mus. Ces., p. 316. = Pusionella Nifat, Brug. : : - : : . 235 Pusionella, Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 137, 1847, . . L585, 2384 Pustulata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. Beerole Vet: 14. : ‘ : : . 285 Pustulosum (Pleurotoma), Folin. ' Meleagrinicoles, p. 56, pl. ee oe : : : : . 298 Putillus (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113, . 200 Pygmea (Bela), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p. 460, pl. lvii, f. 8. = B. decusgata, Couth., var. . ; ; oe) 368 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Pygmea (Clathurella), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr. P. 63, 299 Pygmeea (Drillia), Dunker, . . 206 Pygmea (Mangilia), Dkr. Moll. Japon., bi: 1, fe 8, ‘ . 257 Pyramidalis (Bela), Strém. Nov. Act. Dan., iii »p: 296, 1.22 SES Pyramidalis (Mangilia), Reeve Iconica, pl. Wonk ew . 261 Pyramidata (Drillia), Kiener. Coq. viv., 57, t. 7 ie ia - 205 Pyramidatus (Fusus), Brown. Illust. Conch. Gt. Brit., -7, t. 5, f. 8, 9, 1827. = Pleurotoma nebula, Montagu. Pyramidula (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 115, ; : : : : . 286 Pyramis (Mangilia), Hinds. " Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 42, 253 Pyrrha (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 409, 1881, 182 Quadrata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1845, p. 114, 278 Quadrifasciata (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 251, 1845, 195 Qradrilineata (Defrancia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 64. ? — M. trilineata, C. B. Ad. 5 . 248 Quadrilirata (Drillia), Smith. Ann, Mag. N. Ei: 1882, 208, ROW Quadrillum (Pleurotoma), Dujardin. Mem. Geol., L) Jon t. 20, f. 23.. = C. clathrata, Marcel, : . 276 Quadruplex ( (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., XV i, p. 253, 1882, . 234 Quisqualis (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph. sD: 19, pl. vi, f. 5; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44, , . 257 Quoyi (Pleurotoma’, Desh. Lam. Bp 'ed., Lx, '‘p: 346. = D. Nove- Zelandie, Reeve Quoyi (Pleurotoma), Desmoulins. Rev. de Plew.,p. 61, = P.monile, Val. . F : : A : » 232 Quoyi (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Coneh. Teon sp. 1375: . 242 Radula (Sureula), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 16, ei Bt 9,62; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, p.16, . . 242 Raduleformis (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Cab., e 19, {.7,9. - = Pxradula, “Hinds . 242 Raffrayi (Pleurotoma), Tap.-Can. Bull. Soc Zool. Fr., iii, po 2G, pliwiy th a Pease e. : . 163 Ramsayi (Clathurella), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, i, 157, . ) 2299 Raphitoma, Bellardi. Monog. Pleur. Foss., ‘1847. — Daphnella, Sect. . : . 160 Rapulum (Pusionella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f, 83, 1846, . 235 kena (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 192, SIE a age We ; 3 ‘ : : 5 . 202 Rice (Clathurella), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 17, pl. 5, fi, 4 : ; ; : f : ; . 296 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE, Reciproca (Pleurotoma), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soe., vii, p. 6.1860, . . . 171 Reclusianus (Fusus), Petit. Jour. de ‘Conch. oral 1, t. ¥ f 1, 1851. = Pusionella vulpina, Born. . . 235 Recondita (Bel: 1), Tiberi. = Pleurotoma torquata, Phil. LTO Recondita (Lachesis), Brug. Misc. Malac. ‘space p: 10, £ 15>. = L vulpecula, Monts. . 225 Recurvirostris (Pusionella), Marrat. Quart. Jour. of Conch., i, 180, : : : . 236 Reeveana (Daphnella), Tryon, : : : : : . 305 Reeveana (Pleurotoma), Desh. Moll. Bourbon., 106, pl. xii, f. 5-7, 1863, : ss tee ; 291 Reevei (Mangilia), Tryon, : : : ‘ - 265 Reevei (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contr., p. 54 (not Bel- lardi). = P. violacea, Hinds. Reflexa (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p.114, 288 Regia (Drillia), Beck. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 75, 1843, . 201 Regularis (Drillia), Reeve. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, 189 Renieri (Pleurotoma), Phil. En. Moll. Sic., ii, t. 26, f. 22, 1844. = P. emendata, Monterosato. Renieri (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Petit, Cat. Shells Eur., 154. = D. Loprestiana, Calcara. Reticosa (Clathurella), Ad. and Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 420, Reticulata (Cythara), Reeve. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 262 Reticulata (Bela), Vahl. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 278. —— i, deeussata, Couth.: . : ; : ; , ; Reticulata (Mangilia), Renieri. Tav. alf. Conch. Adriat., poe.) — CCordieri, Payr:. , : 5 : ; : Reticulata (Pleurotoma), Brown. Brit. Shells, 1827. ==.Bela Trevelyana, Turton, . : : 3 : : Reticulata (Pleurotoma), Garr. Proc. Cal. Ac., vol.i, p. 102, 1857. — P. pumila, Migh. : : : ; : Reticulosa (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 25 ‘ ; ; , ; ‘ Retusa (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 24, pl. 7, f. 16, . : : 3 : Retusispirata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 490, 1877, , 5 : ; : : Rhy sa (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soe., xv, 400, 1881, . ; ; ; : : : Richardi (Cithara), Crosse. sour: Conch., xvi; “pa lhi, 1869) ; p. 65, pl. ii, fig. 3, 1872. = M. reticulata, Reeve. Rigida (Mangilia), Ree. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63. = M. Vauquelini, Payr. , ; ’ : 370 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Rigida (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1848, p. 45; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 24, pl. 7, f. 18, : Rissoides (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1843, . 184, Robillardi (Clathurella), Barcel. H. Ad., P.Z.S. 1869, p. a AP Ping 1) BO): aly er ina Robusta (Bela), Packard. Mem. Bost. Soc. 35 i, p- 232, pl. Vii, ays Robusta ‘(Drillia), ‘Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. li, pl. i. f. 12 : - : ‘ : Robusta (Pleurotoma), S. ve “Wood. = P. turricala, Mont. Robusticostata (Mangilia), Smith. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1879, Pp 196s ts V9) 1285 os - : : Rombergi (Pleurotoma), Moreh. “JL. de Conch., vi, 28, it 10, 1 as 1857. —P. picta, Beck, Rosacea (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, Dp. 109, Rosaria (Clionella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, ps; Rosea (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 234, t. 23, f. 10, 1878. = B. turricula, Mont. Rosea (Pleurotoma), Brusina. Verhand. zoo.-bot. Ges., Wien, 1865. = M. linearis, N Rosea (Pleurotoma), Quoy. Voy de lAstr., p. 524, pl. 35, f.10,11. = D. Nove-Zelandiz, Reeve. Rosea (Clathurella), Dunker. — C. Blanfordi, Nevill, Rosea (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1833, p. 134, Roseotincta (Pleurotoma), Montrouzier. Jour. de Conch., 1872; p- 361 >- 1813, ply, £1, : Rosolina (Drillia), Marrat. Jour. Conch., i, 239, Rossmassleri (Fusus), Anton. Verzeichn., 196. ?— Pleur. Vauquelini, Pay. : : ; s ; Rotundata (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 393, 188), °. : : - : Rotundicostata (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 493, - Rouaultia, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2 2, "293, ‘1877. == — Genotia, Sect. : Rougeyroni (Pleurotoma), Souv.. Jour. Conch., 1874, p. 187, pl. vii, f. 1. = D. Barcliensis, H. Adams. Rubescens (Bela), Jeffreys. Proce. Roy. Soc., xxv, p. 183, Rubida (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soce., 1834, p. 40; Moll. Voy. Sulph., 18, pl. 6, f. 6, ; 2 ; : . Rubicunda (Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soe., vii, p- 338, : Rubiginosa (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph. P 22 splT, f.5; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43, : PAGE, aoe ay INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Rubinicolor (Clionella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soce., 1845, p: 211, Rubricata (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic. pl. 39, f.321 1846, ; Rubrifasciata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proce. Zool. Soe. , 1845, p- 110, Rubro-apicata (Pleurotoma , Smith. Ann. Mag. N.H. 1889, 269, : Rubrocincta ( (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1882, 305, . ‘ : 3 : Rubro- guttata (Clathurella), HL. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 14, pl. iii, f. 25. —C. tincta, Reeve, . Rude (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Moll. Sicil. ,i, 199, t. 11, f. 16. — (C. clathrata, Marcel de Serres, . Rude (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch., 12, f. ai: = C. Cordieri, Payr. Rudis (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134, Rufa (Bela), Mont. Test. Brit., 263, Rufescens (Drillia), Dunker. Mal. Blatt., xviii, P. 159, Rufinodis (Pleurotoma), Martens. Mauritius, p- 227, pl. 20, f.2. — G. granicostata, Reeve, Rufocincta (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. 1eF 1882, 215, Rufozonata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. ‘Zool. Soc. LO ty P. Be ply, ts 1a. Rufus (Fusus), Gould (non Montag.). "Inv. Mass. ed. i, P 290, f. 192. — B. pyramidalis, Strém. Rugifera (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833. = D. nigerrima, Sowb. Rugosa (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. rP- 23, 1845, vol. il, : : Rugulata (Bela), Moller, MSS. Sars, Moll. Norv. , 230, t. 23, f. 6. = B. turricula, Mont. : Rugulata ( (Bela), Reeve. Conch. Icon., > Sp: 345, 1846. = Pleurotoma bicarinata, Couth. . : Rugulata (Bela), Verrill. Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. iii, p. 366. = B. Gouldii, Verrill. Rugulosa, var. (Pleurotoma), Monterosato. Notizie, p. 52. — M. Paciniana, Caleara. Rugulosa (Mangilia), Philippi. Enum. Moll., 2, pl. 26, f. 8, Rustica (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 74, . Rustica (Pleurotoma), P. P.Carp. Cat. Prov. (non Sowb.). = D. aterrima, Sowb. Rustica (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 188, 1833. = D. nigerrima, Sowb. Sacerdos (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 110. = Clavatula muricata, Lam. - - PAGE, 245 . 318 372 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Sacra (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1845, p. 111, Ha dsia, xv, pahe. Sandriana (Pleurotoma), Brusina. Contr., p. 65. — P. Paciniana, Calcara. Sandrii (Rhaphitoma), Brusina. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges., 1865. = M. Paciniana, Calcara, Sandwicensis (Daphnella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 148, Sarsii (Bela), Verrill. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,. iii, p. 364, 1880. ‘Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 484, . Saturata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe. , 1845, p. ie ae Sauleydiana (Drillia), Recluz. Jour. de Conch. pei 209, t. B, f..6, 1851.. = D-umbilieata, Gray Scabra (Pleurotoma), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch. PVs 372, — Pleurotoma Cordieri, Payr. Scabra (Pleurotoma), Sowerby. Ill. Index Brit. Shells, t. 19, 19, £3. == Me linearis, Mont: Scacchii (Rhaphitoma:, Bellardi. — PI. linearis, Mont. Scalarina (Clathurella), Desh. Conch. Isle Reunion, 1863, p. 109, Scalarinus (Fusus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 133. = Pusionella nifat, Brug. Sealaris (Bella), Pack. Can. Nat. and Geol., 1863. = i ackard. Sealaris (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1843 P. 39. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 18, pl. 6, f. 2, : Scalaris (Bela), Moll. Moll. Green., p. 12 , 1842. = B. turricula, Mont. Sealaris (Pleurotoma), Vahl. Reeve, Conch. Icon., fe Diet — B. decussata. Couth. Sealaroides eee) Sars. Moll. Nory., 231, 93. f. 7, 1878. a, Mont. Sealata (Pleurotoma), Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., xxii, p. 92, pl. 7, fig. 4. —M. angicostata, Reeve, Scatnte (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p- B. =—C.monilifera,Sowb. . Scarabeus (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 6, Schantarica (Bela), Middendorff. Reise, 223, t. ts VG, 19, PSaP ss: Schilingi (Drillia), Weink. Conch. Cab., t. 16, f. 7, 9, Scobinella, Conrad. Jour. Acad. N.S. Phils, wal eh. 13848. —_ — Cordiera, Rouault, Sculpta (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1 1843, Dp. 39, Voy. Sulphur, 17, t. 5, f. 17, PAGE. . 201 Sancti Joannis (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. . 296 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Seulptilior elaine T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1875, p. 38, Sculptilis (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. Ure ple i fig.19, Secalina (Pleurotoma), ‘Philippi. "Enum. Moll. Sic., 2, pl. 26, f.9. var. of B. septangularis, Mont. . Secta (Defraneia); G. B. Sowerby. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1870, p- 254, Semen (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p- 5, Blviiases (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, p. 382, Semicolon (Pleurotoma), S.Wood. Crag. Moll., 54, t. 5, fads Semicostata (Clionella), Kiener. Iconog., p. 39, pl. 19, f. 1, Semicostata (Pleurotoma), pars, Krauss. Sudafr. Moll., p. 109. = P. sigillata, Reeve. Semicostatus (Fusus), Cantraine. Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 392, 1883. —D. Maravigne, Bivona. Semigranosa (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5, Semilineata {(Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. 8. Phila., 1873, p. 221, pl. 2, f. 37. = M. granosa, Dunker. Seminella, Pease. See Manual, We LO? : Seminifera (Drillia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist. sh. p- 140. = D. interrupta, Lam. Seminuda (Pleurotoma’, Anton. Verzeichniss, 73, Semiplicata (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., t. 16, f. 4. — B. pyramidalis, Strom. Semiplicatum (Pleurotoma), Bonelli. Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 744-26, f. 18. —— €. stria, Cale. Semisculpta (Zafra), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng., 18155 li, p< 9 ts pl. val,t.°6;. T, Senegalensis (Daphnella), von ’ Maltzan. Jahr. Ma Gesell., 1883, | Oe a ee Ame en Ls oa Serga (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1x, 65, 1881, Serrata ‘Defrancia, Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1856, p- 163, Septangularis (Bela), Mont. Test. Brit., p. 268, pl. 95f, 5, 3 9 Sexcostata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 305, . ‘ Sicula (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. “Soe., 1846, p- 59, Sigillata (Clionella), Reeve. Conch. Ie., pl. "40, f. 363, 1846, Sigsbei (Pleurotoma’, Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 57, 1881, Silicea ’(Borsonia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc , xv, 474, 1881, Similis (Pleurotoma), Bivona. Monterosato, Nuova Revista, . 238 42. — P. undatiruga, Bivona, var. . 373 PAGE. 374 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Simplex (Bela), Verrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 367, 1880; Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 493. — b. Schantarica, Middendorff. Simplex (Pleurotoma), Middendorff. Reise, 223, t. 12, f. 15, 16,1851. = Bela Schantarica, Midd. Sinclairi (Clathurella), Smith, MSS. Gillies, Trans. N. Zeal. fust:s xiv; bit; * Sinensis (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1843, p- 38, Singularis (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. cay a S. Beng., 1875, Pe H. p. 69; pl vist. 10,, 2 Sinistralis (Surcula), Petit. Guerin’s Mag. “de Foal 1839, pes: 2 : : - Sinuata (Cithara), Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 162, Sinuata (Clavatula), Born. Test. Mus. Ces., p. 268, Sinuosa (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 307, 1846,. Sinuosa (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. ii, p- 23, ; : : ; Sinuosum | Pleurotoma), Fleming. = P. Leufroyi, Mich. Sinuosus (Pleurotoma) Conch, = P. gracilis, Mont. . Smirna (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 66,1881, Smithii, var. of Trevelyana (Bela), Jeff. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1876, p. 332; Trans Conn. Acad.,v, 461. ?— B. incisula, V errill, ; Paha A bi fi Smithi (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. ¥ . 3 ‘$8. Beng., 1875, pt. ii, p. 88, pl. 8, f. 13, Smithii (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Ann. Mag., 107, fe. fe 14, 1840. = D. costulata, Blainv. Solida (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p- 64, Solida (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contr. "Conch. Ba Peis i = Drillia fuscescens, Gray. Solidula (Clathurella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., xviii, p. 163. = C. rugosa, Mighels, Solomonensis (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soe. 5 iy p. 537, pl. xxx, f. 6 Sordida (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 117, Soror (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 303, Souverbiei (Mangilia), Tryon, . Souverbiei (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. EH, "1882, 300, . Sowerbyi (Drillia), Reeve. Corrections i in Conch. Icon., Spaldingi (Drillia), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 153, - : - : : fa ae Speciosa_ (Pleurotom a), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pl. 2, fig. 9, 1843, Spectabilis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., 1, fig. 6, 1843. = P. babylonia, Linn. ; : : : - : PAGE INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 375 Spectrum (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113. 200 Spicata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 17, pl. 5, f. 13. = D. Sinensis, Hinds. Spicea (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 419, 1881, : E - : . 212 Spinicincta (Columbarium), Martens. " Mittheil., li, p. 105, t. 21, f. 1-38. — CC. Pagoda, Lesson, var. . : , . 176 Spinosa (Pl. reticulata, var. :, Forbes and Hanley. Brit. Sh., & 113. £.5.. — M. Cordieri, Payr. Spinosa (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p- 206, = £9 Spiralis (Pleurotoma), E.A.Smith. Proc. Zool. Soe., ‘1871, Boek pletosd 8, | : Pe | Spirata (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert., Vii, p. 93, 5 . 232 Spirotropis, Sars. Moll. Norv., 349, STS; 5 2 1555215 Splendida (Mangilia), A. Adams. Proce. Zool. Soec., 1867, p- 309, pl. 19, f. 24, . . 255 Splendidula (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, D. 135, 200 Spurca (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p- 1%, pl. 5, SE ae : : : : - 273 Staminea ( Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soe., Xv, p. 388, 1881, . : . 249 Stellata (Pleurotoma), Morch. Mal. Blatt., , Vii, p. 103, 251 Stellata (Mangilia), Stearns. Proc. Bost. ' Soc., 1872, XV, p. 22, . : : ; : . 246 Stercus pulicum (Priamus), Chemn. 9, pl. 120, fig. 1026-7 = Halia Priamus, Meuschen. Sterrha (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 426, 1881, 182 ae (Buccinum), Andrj. Krynicki. Bull. Nat. Mos., 1837, i,p.59. —D.costulata, Blainy. : . 309 St. ‘Galle (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Proce. Roy. Soe. “Tas., Paro; 137... ‘ : . 312 Stirophora (Drillia), Watson. Jour. ‘Linn, Soc., XV, | 422, 1881, : : : - : . 212 Stolida (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.37, |. 178 Stossiciana (Mangilia), Brusina. J. de Conch., xviii, p. 235. = M. rugulosa, Phil. ; : ; : : . 245 Streptophora (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 464, 1831, . : : : - . 299 Stria (Clathurella), Calcara. Ric. Mal., 1839, p. £5 ae Ste Striata (Clionella , Kiener. Icon., p. 36, pl. 14,f.2, . . 233 Striata (Conopleura), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., pl. 7 , f. 22, 23, : . 211 Striata (Cy thara), Schum. Sys t. Vers. Test., p- 245, = Mangilia citharella, Lam. : : ; : 25 316 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Strigata (Cythara), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 242,. 271 Strigata (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, t t. 59, a 9, — D. Barkliensis, H. Adams. Striolata (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch. Neapol., 1836. == P. costulata, Blainv. . , ; : : 2 . 309 Striosa (Mangilia), C.B. Adams. Panama Shells, 147,1852, 249 Stromboides (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, 264 Stromboides (Cythara), Val. Carpenter. = Pleurotoma triticea, Reeve. Stromboides (Drillia), Sowb. Gen. Shells, Pleur., f. 4, / L16 Strucki (Mangilia), von Maltzan. Jahrb. Mal. Gesell., 1883, 133, 6.3, £14, . : . 245 Studeriana (Driilia), Martens. Sitzb. Berl. ») 22, 1878; Mitth., A, pol; pl dt. 2 . 209 Subauriformis (Onitia, ‘Smith. Zool. Proe.. , 195, t. 19, £. 23, 1879, : . 207 Subcaudata (Mangilia), Bivona. = M. multilineolata, Desh. Subclathrata (Mangilia), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mal. Gesell., 1883, 183, 4. 3,7. 13, . : : : : ; . 245 Subdiaphana (Mangilia), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1864, xiv, p. 45, : - ‘ avant Subgranosa (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H. 1882, 300, é . 299 Subgranulatus (Fusus), ‘Petit. Jour. de Conch., ie 18, t. 2, i il, 1851. = Pusionella Milleti, Petit, . . 235 Subluta (Bela), Gould. Bost. Proc. 71th; 142 , 1849, : . 222 Subnigrus (Fusus), Brown. II. Conch., t. 5, f. 58, 59. = Lachesis minima, Mont. : : ; : : . 225 Subobliquata ives Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 1 Oe Pew Rs . 203 Subochracea (Drillia), E _A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. 15 ls 1877, p. 493, sot Subsida (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. ‘Zool., ix P. 62 1881, . 212 Subtilis (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., XV, 431, 1881, ~ Hone Subula (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118, 270 Subulata (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichnis, Dapl Ss . 318 Subulata (Pleurotoma), Mke. Bue Meth., No. 1131, 1830, 319 Subventricosa (Pleurotoma), E. . Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 500, : ‘ : : . 234 Subvitrea (Daphnella), ‘Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 209, pl. 20, f. 43, . 314 Subzonata (Daphnella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, pe LOHR t, -LO. tut, . 284 Sulcata (Lachesis), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Zeal., p- 12, 226 MOT | INDEX AND SYNONYMY. atte PAGE, Suleata (Mangilia), Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc., ni er aay. | P d ; . 250 Serene (Pleurotoma), Petit. Jour. de Conch. Dp. BB, ¢. 2, f. 2, 1852. = Drillia crenularis, Lam. d Lis ecrcostata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H. 1882, Sol, °. : : 307 Sureula, H. and A. "Adams. ‘Genera, i, 88, 1853, ; "158, 236 Surculites, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., 1, 213, 1865. — Surcula, Sect. : : ; : ; : . 158 Suturalis (Defrancia), Moller. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 343. = Pleurotoma Greenlandica, Reeve. Suturalis (Drillia), Gray. Ann. Mag? No He, 1888, p. 29; -. 212 Suturalis (Pleurotoma), Bronn. Erg. mei. nat. Reise, ii. = P. gracilis, Mont. 2 ; : . : . . 312 Symmetrica (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, PeO5 « ; a ; F . 247 Syngenes (Pleurotoma), ‘Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 396, 242 Syracusanum (Pleurotoma), Marav. = M. Cordieri, Payr. Tabulata (Daphnella), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv, p- 29, ‘ ; : ; : . 312 Teniata (Drillia), T: -Woods. Proes Roy. Sec: \Tasm., SiS, 3G, . . 212 Teeniata (Mangilia), Desh. Exp. Morée, p. 178, Xi, f 37- 39, 248 Taranis, Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. N. H. 4th ser., V, 447, 1870. — Daphnella, sect. . é . 160, 315 Tarentini (Pleurotoma), Phil. (1844). = D. Loprestiana, Calcara. Tasmanica ‘Cithara), T..Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1875, p. 145, ‘ " : : : > atk Tasmanica (Daphnella), T.-Woods. Proce. Roy. | Tasm., 1876,138, . : . 306 Taxus (Pleurotoma), Chemn. Conch., 3 pl. 162 » fst 2550 and 1551, . P : : . 231 Tayloriana (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pl. 405°. 366. = D.crenularis, Lam. . E 3 ‘ - Sie We) Tenebrosa (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 260 Tenella (Defrancia), Jeffr. Ann. Mag. N. H. , 1882 2. Po Boer 51299 Tenella (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 302, 307 Tenera (Defrancia), Jeffreys. Brit. Assoc. Rept., 114, 1873, 299 Tenuiclathrata ae Smith. Ann. Mag. N. hy 1882, 301, . ; ; : ‘ : . 307 Tenuicostata (Pleurotoma), “Sars. Vid. Selsk. Forhand, 1868, p. 259. = var. Bela decussata, Couth. . ; . 217 Tenuilirata (Bela), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 98, 1871. —B. Schantarica, Middendorff. 378 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE, Tenuilirata (Clathurella), a Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 1%, pills als, : : . : ; 5 . 281 Tenuis (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318 Tenuis (Pleurotoma), Gray. An. Mag. N. H. = P. undatiruga, Bivona, . . 238 Teres, Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 85, ‘1883. a — Daphnella, sect... . 160, 313 Teres (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc., 144. —— JP, anceps, Mich.» . . 313 Tessellata (Daphnella), Garrett. Proe. Nace S., 1873, p. 230 pls, 4. 61, %- : : : Shang Wena Tessellata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. £4: Moll Voy.sSulph,,p. 23, plat, t 1: Tessellata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4. — C. formosa, Reeve, : 297 Tetragona (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. ,1881, P 382, 261 Texta (Drillia), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., vi, p. 225, . 207 Textilis (Clavatula), Hinds. Proe. Zool. Soe., 1843, p. 43, 2381 Thea (Drillia), Dall. Proc. Nat. Mus., vi, 328, t. 10, f. 5, : 1883, . / 189 Thesbia, Jeffreys. “Sars, Moll. Norv., 221, 1878. = Daphnella, Sect. . ‘ . 160, 315 Tholoides ( Drillia), Watson. * Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, p. 248, 1882, . e2k2 Tiara (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. ‘Linn. Soc., XV, "440, 1881, 249 Tiarella (Pleurotoma), Valen. Kiener, Iconog., 56, t. 23, f. 2. — D. rustica, Sowb. Tiarula (Pleurotoma), Lovén. = P. brachystoma, Phil. . 308 Ticaonica (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. LG. : . 304 Tierina (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Vert. Saige 'p. 95, - 164 Tincta (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p.d,..' 292 Tmeta (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 424, oe . 212 Todilla (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soe. N. EE p. 24, : : "819 Tomella, ‘Swainson, Malac., 115, 314, 1840. = — Perrona, Schum. . : . Be (Rect Tornata (Surcula), Dillwyn. "Cat., i, p. Thos Slo irs . 237 Tornatus var. y (Murex), Dillw. Cat., ii, p. 715. — Pleurotoma Virgo, Lam. Torosa (Drillia), Carpenter. Jour. de Conch., 3d ser., v, 145, 1865, . : : e : 5 . 183 Torquata (Clathurella), Phil. Moll. Sic, ai, pT L; ti peew: f. 14, 1844, 5 : : : 2 25 Trachys (Mangilia, T.-Woods. Trans. Roy. Soc. Vict., KVP. Ore : : : : , : . 261 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Trailli (Drillia), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Z., p. 11,1873; Man. N. Z. Moll., 42, . é Translucida (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc. xv, 444, 1881, Trecchi (Pleurotoma), Testa. Jeffreys, ‘Brit. “Conch., iv, ', 363. = PI. anceps, Eichw. Trecchi (Pleurotoma), Testa, 1842. Monterosato, Jour. de Conch., 1874, 279. = D. Loprestiana, Calcara. Trevelliana (Bela), Turton. Mag. N. H., vii, p. 351, 1834; Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv, 398. — B. Trevelyana, Turton, Tricarinata (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., li, p. 265, Tricarinata ’ (Clathurella), Val. Reeve, Icon., fe Dike, 1843, 2 Tricinctum (Pleurotoma), Brugn. (1862). Monterosato, Journ. de Conch., 279, 1874. = D. Loprestiana, Calcara. Tricolor (Clathurella), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. 379 PAGE, . 206 Bi (5) Wales, i, p. 158, : : 2 : : 299 Tricolor (Pleurotoma), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv, 215. — P. linearis, Montagu. Trifasciata (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 297, Dec. 1845. = Mangilia trilineata, Ad. . . 248 Trifilosa (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H. 1882 nar, 299 Trilineata (Mangilia), C.B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soe. N. ER ip. d, Lan. 1845; Contrib. Conch., 55, — - . 247 Trilix (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc. XY, p. 390, 1881, . 242 Tripartita (Clay atula), E. A. Smith. Weinkauff in Kiister, 120, t. 26, f. 12, 13. ? = €. obesa, Reeve, : : . 232 Triporeata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, pales, t. 19,-f. 9, : > L172 Tripter ( Drillia), von Maltzan: Jahrb. Mal. Gesell., 1883, oS i a i a : . 208 Triticea (Mangilia), Kien. Ic. pl. 27, f. 3, : . 268, 271 Tritonoides (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 182 : : : : . 283 Tritonum (Per ronea), Schumacher. Nouv. Syst., p. 218. Pleurotoma perron, Chemn. Trivaricosa (Daphnella), Martens. Mauritius, 228, t. 20, f.1, 305 Trivittata (Mangilia), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarane roan 08 40, pl. x, f. 9. =—M. pellucida, Reeve, . . 266 Trizonata (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. Ne Hi. 1882, 215, 261 Tuberculata (Surcula), Gray. Zool. Beech. V oy. j Dar tene ta Tubereulifera (Sureula), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., iv, Bais, 1829, .. . 238 Tuberosa (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N.H. 1875, XV \p. 418, 212 380 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Tumida (Clathurella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, Pe pl. 15, fig. 14,1867. = C. Reeveana, Desh. . woo Tumida. (Clavatula), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 253, 232 Turbinatus (Boletus), Martini. — Pleurotoma sinuata, Born. Turbinelloides Sanees Reeve. Conch. Ie., pl. Soh te 295, 1846, . : : t : : : . 280 Turgida (Bela), Gould. "Proc. Bost. Soc., 1861, 7, p. 337, . 222 Turgida (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Conch. Icon. ee 1844, . . 308 Turqueti (Lachesis), Ch. Velain. " Arch. Zool. EXp.y vi, pe 107. pl. ti, £18, 19.187. . 226 Turricula, Schumacher. Essai Nov. Gen. 217, 1817. = Surcula, Ads. Turricula (Bela), Mont. Test. Brit., i, p. 262, 1803, . A Turricula (Clathurella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., xviii, p. 161, . 299 Turricula (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 268 Turricula (Fusus), Gould. Rep. Inv. Mass., lst ed., p. 292, pl. 13, f. 193. — Bela americana, Packard. Turricula (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 137. =D. Sowerbyi, Reeve. Turris, Humphrey, Mus., 1797. Ad. Genera, i, 87, 1853. = Pleurotoma, Lamarck. Turris (Drillia), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pl. 37, f. 344; Correc- tions, Index of Conch. Icon. . ent) Turris (Pleurotoma), Val. Atlas, Voy. Venus, t. 5, f. 3. = P. australis, Roissy, . . 236 Turritellatus (Fusus), Desh. Exp. Morée, pl. xix, 28, 45. — Lachesis minima, Mont. . 225 Turritispira (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann, Mag. N. Hs 1882, S06... . 316 Typhlomangilia, M. Sars, em. Sars, Moll. Norv., 1878. == Bela, Sect... ; : . 156, 223 Ula (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 420,1881, . 212 Ulideana (Pleurotoma), Thomps. Ann. Mag. N.H., xv, 316, i190, f 23-— Bovuta. Mont; var. van . 224 Umbilicata (Drillia), Gray, MSS. Ann. Mag, N. H. ai 1838, p. 28, al isi!) Undata (Bela), Verkr. Jahr. Mal. Gesell., Viape 999, 1878, . 223 Undatella (Bela), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1861, viii, p- 280, : . 222 Undaticostata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. , 1845, poLAy, : : . 251 Undatiruga (Sureula), Bivona. Gen. posthum., 1, ; . 238 Undosa (Pleurotoma), Lam. An.s. Vert., vii, p. 95, a. . 166 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Undulata (Mangilia), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid. ?— M. Sicula, Reeve. Unedo (Pleurotoma), Valenc., MSS. Paris Mus., Kiener, Mone viy., 9, 0.14, 71, . : Unicolor (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 13843. = D. nigerrima, Sowb. Be oecinta (Mangilia), Desh. Expl. Sci. Morée, t. 19, f. 2-24, : Be taseinta (Pleurotoma), O _ G. Costa (non Desh, Di ——. vauguelini, Payr. . Unilineata (Cythara), E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc. ; Xl, p. 538, pl. xxx, f. 138, 1876, “ Unimaculata (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134, Unizonalis (Drillia), Lam. An. sans Vert.. vii, p. 92 Urnula (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe. 11845 :P. 114, Ustulata Ee rOLo Reeve. Conch. Rep pl 40, Heras 1846, : Vahlii (Pleurotoma), Moller. Moll. Greenl. rP- 13. = B. pyramidalis, Strom. Valenciennesii (Pleurotoma), Maravig. = D. attenuata, Mont. 4 : ; : Valida (Pusionella), Dunker. Zeit. Mal., 191, 1852; Novit. matic... 55, t. 10, 1 1,25. : ; ; ; : P Vallata (Pleurotoma), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. ‘iis p. 336, 1860, Vancouverensis (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag, N. H. Wi, 1880, p. 286, . : Varia (Cithara), Penson Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 441. = Columbella Peasei, Martens. Manual, vol. ¥, 166. Variabilis (Drillia), Smith. Ann. and Mag. 'N. H., 1877, xix, p- 495, Varicifera (Daphnella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., i iy P. 221, pl. xv, f. 21, Waricnata (Mangilia), Cpt. "Ann, Mag, N. EN 1865, XV p. 394, Variegata (Pleurotoma), Rei. Coq. Viv. pl. 1x, £ M4 Variegata (Pleurotoma), Philippi. En. Moll. Sic., i, 197, t. 11, f. 14. — P. purpureum, Mont. Variegata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pl. i, fig. 2, 1843. = P. picturata, Weink. Varicosa (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 187, Varicosa (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Jour. Conch., 1874, P. 190, Divi, fig. 3, . Variculosa (Mangilia), ‘Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, 381 PAGE, 382 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Varix (Daphnella), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soe. Tas., 1876, p. 138. 7 ==Dscompta, Ad. and Ane . 306 Vauquelini (Pleurotoma), Payraudeau. Moll. Cors. 1P. 145, DL. vilios. 14 os - 243 Ventricosa (Bela), Mérch. Moll. Greenl., No. 95. — B. bicarinata, Couth. . . 215 Venusta (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 181, 162 Verrillii (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 1%) 68, 1881, 213 Verrillii (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, OT, esis : ‘ : : . 316 Versicolor (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch., 12, f. 19. = P. purpureum, Mont. Versicolor (Pleurotoma), Weink. Kuster, Conch. Cab., pl. Mygico. == tradula, mds sc . 241 Vertebralis (Pleurotoma), E. Smith. Weinkauff, Jahrb. “in, 5, 1877. = Pil violacea, Hinds: Vertebrata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xv, p. 416. = P. violacea, Hinds. Vespuciana (Clathurella), d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 175, t. 24, f 13-15, Ape tes) Vestalis (Pleurotoma), Phil. Zeit. f. Mal. 1851, p. o35 wold Vexillum (Mangilia), Reeve. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1846. p. 59, 265 Vexillum (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soce., 1845, p. 115, 209, 284 Vicina (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p- 66, . 248 Vidua (Pleurotoma), Hinds (not Reeve). Weinkauff, Kuster, Conch. Cab., 65, t. 13, f. 1,3. == WD. unizonalis, Lam Vidua (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1845, p. 112. — D. unizonalis, Lamarck. Vidualoides (Drillia), Garrett. Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1873, p- 217, pl. 2, f. 28. =D. unizonalis, Lam. Villiersii (Pleurotoma), Michaud. Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord., 262,t. 1, f. 4,5, 1826. = P. attenuata, Mont. . 308 Vincentina ie aes: Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1865, p- £99. 4 Mtg : Sal Vinosa (Sureula), Dall. Proc. Cal. Ac., gay 0 953, 1874, . 240 Violacea (Bela), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. 7 13, 1841, vol. i; p. 50; Jour. Bost. Soe. N. H., 1842, p. 15, pl, £21. — B. bicarinata, Couthuoy, . 215 Violacea (Clathurella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch. iii, p. 218, pl. 15; fib, 1867... == C. clandestina, Deshay). . 298 Violacea (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph.,p, ep pl. 5, f. 8, : . 169 Violaceus (Pleurotoma), Desh. = Pl. linearis, Mont. Virgatum (Pleurotoma), Bivona. = Pl. inflata, Cr. et Jan. INDEX AND SYNONYMY., Virginea (Pleurotoma), Beck, MSS. Reeve, Icon., f. 32. = Clavatula muricata, lam... Virginea (Pleurotoma), Valenc. Kien. (non Beck), Teonog., p- 55, t.. xxi, fi 2, : Virgo (Pleurotoma), Lam: Hist. Nat., Vii, p. 94, Viridula (Bela) Moller. Moll. Groenl. D. 14. = B. decussata, Couth. : : : Viridula (Pleurotoma), Reeve (not Miller). Conch. Icon., f. 306. = Columbella Holbolii, Beck, Manual,v, . Vitrea (Daphnella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. 8. Phila., 1873, p. 230, pl.3,f.60, . ‘ : Vitrea (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. ‘Soc., 1845, D: 118, Vittata (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, P. 45; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 26, pl. ix, f. 3, ‘ Vittata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p: 60. a, Reeve, . : Vittata ‘(Mangilia) Reeve (not Hinds). Icon., f. 58. = M. exquisita, Smith. Vittata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112, Volutella (Pleurotoma), Val. Kiener, Pleur., 67, t. 25, f. 1. = C. inflata, Crist. et Jan. ‘ Vulpecula (Lachesis), Monter. Not. Conch. Mea. 1872, mr 49. : Vulpina (Pleurotoma), Biv ona, Benoit. ? — D/P. attenuata, Montg. . ; : ; Vulpina (Pusionella), Born. Test. Mus. Ces volin te Pk 10;.11, Vultuosa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soce., 116, 1845, 2 Wallaysi (Fusus), Petit. Jour. de Conch.,, ii, 74, t. 1, f. 7, 1851, 2d ser., i, 35, 1856. — Pusionella rapulum, Reeve, Weinkauffi (Pleurotoma), Jickeli, MS. Moll. Rothes Meer. = P. violacea, Hinds. Weldiana (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, 137, : : : - ‘ : : : : Willei (Bela), Friele. ies Rep. Moll. Norw. Exp., p. 9, 1876; Jahr. Mal. Ges., iv, 263, . Wilmeri (Drillia), Sa SP Eae Zool. Soc., “1878, »P. 805, pl 50, f. 4, : Woodiana (Bela), Moll. Greenl. ; p. 13. = B. turricula, Mont. : ; : : Woodii (Pleurotoma), Kien. Ic. Coq. Viv, pol S ts Tee as =F. Cry ptorrhaphe, Sowb. : ; : : : Yeddoensis (Pletrotoma), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, 196, t. 10, f. 7, > ara n 384 REFERENCE TO PLATES. Zafra, A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1860, vi, p. 331. — Daphnella, pect... : - 160, 313 Zealandica (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. NEE ‘1877, p- 492; Gillies, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xiv, 170, : ‘ , 211 Zebra (Drillia), Lam. Hist. Nat., Ed. Desh., pL 196 Zebroides (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Cab., p. 108, pl. 23, f. 8. = D. zebra, Lam. Zebuensis (Mangilia), Reeve. Proce. Za Soce., 1846, p. 65. = M. derelicta, Reeve, : . 266 Zonale (Pleurotoma), Del. Chiaje. Mn ey i 84, f. te = P. Leufroyi, Mich. Zonata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860; Smith, Zool. Proc., 209, 1879. ? — Zafra Mitreformis, A. Ad. . 313 Zonata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, . 252 Zonata (Pleurotoma), Gray, MSS. Reeve, Icon. , sp. 74. — J). flavidula, Lam. Zonulata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. =a MS pla oe ie. Zonulata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Syst., ii, pl. 234, f.10. =D. aterrima, Sowb. REFERENCE TO PLATES. ———___— PEBEUROGTOMIDA:. PuaTE 1. FIGURE. A. Pleurotoma babylonia, Linn. Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. a0, C4, B,C. Pleurotoma ‘pabylonia, operculum. ‘Adams, Genera, . 162 2. Pleurotoma spectabilis, Reeve (— babylonia). Reeve, t. 10, f. la, b, i Pleurotoma babylonia. "Reeve, Conch. Icon., f25, Icon., f. 6a, 3. Pleurotoma Raffrayi, Tapparone- ‘Canefri. Bull. Soe. Zool. France, iii, t. 6, f. 1, 6. Pleurotoma crispa, Lam. (= grandis, Gray). Reeve, Icon., f. 11 a, de Pleurotoma grandis, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., aa 13, 8. Pleurotoma Rombergi, Mérch (= pieta, Beck). "Jour. de Conch., 2d ser, ii, t. 10, f. 6, ° . ° PAGE, - 162 163 . 163 ! | | | . | : REFERENCE TO PLATES 335 PLATE 2. PAGE. 4. Pleurotoma venusta, Reeve (— babylonia). Icon., f.79, 162 5. Pleurotoma Garnonsi, Reeve Ivcon.,f. 4, - 163 9. Surcula turris, Val. e Australis Roissy). Voy. Venus, £5,£3, . - 236 10. Pleurotoma tigrina, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. a : - 164 11. Pleurotoma Jickeli, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab. yk 4 2. . 164 = - picturata, Weink.). Reeve, Conch. Icon., | a x . 164 13. Pleurotoma variegata, "Kiener. Kiener, Ieonog., t. 9, oe r ; : : . 164 14. Pleurotoma albina, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. ii, é - 165 15. Pleurotoma gracilina, Weink. Kuster, t. 5, f 5, . - 165 16,16a. Pleurotoma marmorata, Lam. Reeve, Icon.. f 216, 21a, . E ; . 165 17. Pleurotoma. hastula, Reeve = marmorata). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 139, : - 165 18. Pleurotoma Peaseana, “Dunker. Kiister, t. 15, f. re as 165 19. Pleurotoma picta, Beck. Reeve, Icon., f. 16... - 163 PLaTE 3. 20. Pleurotoma unedo, Val. Reeve, Conch. Ieon., fi 12, . 165 21. Pleurotoma undosa, Lam. Reeve, Icon.,£18, . - 166 22. Pleurotoma fagina, Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Se Se - 167 23. Plenrotoma cingulifera, ‘Lam. Reeve, Teon., rsh - 166 24. Pleurotoma Erythrea, Jickeli. Kiister, t4,.£10, . 166 25. Pleurotoma abbreviata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f 86, . 167 26. Pleurotoma ustulata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 3695, . 167 27. Pleurotoma Niponica, E. A. Smith. Zool. iia. t.19, f 7, 1879, - - 172 28. Pleurotoma triporcata, Smith. Zool. Proe., fs 19, fi 9, 1879, : - 172 29, 29a. Pleurotoma vertebrata, Smith = violacea, , Hds.). Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 6, 64, 1879, : - 169 30 Pleurotoma eryptorraphe, Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 7, 168 31. Pleurotoma Wooiii, Kiener f ‘—eryptorraphe). Kiener, Teonog.,t.7,f1, .- . 168 32. tices Virgo, Lam. Reeve, inci, aa £ 20, . 168 PrarTe 4. 34. Pleurotoma Antillarum “igs aaa Virgo lam —. de Conch., xiii, t. 1. a 2 ae « - 168 386 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE, 35. Pleurotoma Jelski, Crosse (— Virgo, Lam.). Jour. de Conch., xiii, t. ie £ x6; : . 168 37. Pleurotoma leucotropis, Ad. and Reeve ‘c= oxytropis), Voy. Samarang, t. 10, f. 7, . 168 38. Pleurotoma oxytropis, Sowb. Reeve, Icon.., sds 17, . 168 39. Pleurotoma nobilis, Hinds (— oxy tropis). Voy. Sul- phur, font 1: 3 . 168 40. Pleurotoma fascialis, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 24 a, . 169 Al. Plcaiptoma declivis, von Martens. Conch. Mittheil., Tee lear f : : ; ; TO 42. ed violacea, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 186, _ . 169 43. Pleurotoma Gruneri, "Phil. (= eee, Lam.). Kuster, t. 14, £2; . 168 44. Pleurotoma spiralis, BE. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 15, f. 85 Le Sils , 171 45. Pleurotoma ‘brevicaudata, Reeve (a fascialis). Reeve, Icon., f. 126, ; 169 46. Pleurotoma jubata, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., re 52, ; 171 47. Pleurotoma Renieri, Phil. (— emendata, Monts.). Kuster, t. 13, f. if. ; : ; 172 48. Pleurotoma speciosa, Reeve. Icon. aol! 9, : lite 49. Pleurotoma carinata, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon. ee 56. 173 50. Pleurotoma Graffei, Weink. Kiister, tera. bo Re ite) 51. Pleurotoma gemmata, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 83," . AGS 52. Pleurotoma monilifera, Pease (— gemmata). Kuster, Comte ts : : . : . 173 53. Pleurotoma ‘fusca, Hombr. (= gemmata). Astr. Zelee., tip we Os ‘ , 5 lis 54. Pleurotoma amabilis, Jickeli ex vemmata). Kuster, LOAN Nar eA : GS Do- Pleurotoma armillata. ‘Reeve, Icon., f. 176, : Ares byis 56. Daphnella galerita, Phil. (— semicolon, Wood). Jef- freys, Brit. Conch., t. 102, f. 6, : : . 309 PLATE 5. 57. Surcula maculosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 45, . 236 58. Surcula australis, Roissy. Reeve, Icon., f. 14, » Zao 59. Clavatula cerulea, Weink. Kiister, eae of 4, . 230 60. Clavatula ceerulea, Weink. Martens, Mittheil. Site 21, f 5, 230 61. Sureula arcuata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f..15, . 236 62. Surcula tornata, Dillwyn (Javana, Reeve). Reeve, Conch. Icon. ot 265) 2 . 237 63. Surcula Javana, Linn. (nodifera, Lam, , Reeve). Reeve, Icon., f. 28, 237 64. Surcula Coreanica, “Ad, and Reeve (= Javana). Voy. Samarang, t. 10, ft 8, . 237 oo REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE, 605. 66. 86. Surcula lurida, Ad. and Reeve (= Javana). Voy. Samarang, t. TOKT.o; Surcula punctata, Reeve (—tuberculata). Reeve, Teon., P18 1; ; . Sureula tuberculata, Gre ay. Reeve, Icon., it 12, Surcula tuberculifera, Brod. Reeve, Icon., f. 63, . Surcula olivacea, Sowb. Reeve, Tcon., fe 2, : . Sureula funiculata, Viale (= olivacea). Reeve, Icon., f. 95, . Sureula undatiruga, Bivona. Phil. Moll. Sicil. jal; ‘t. 26, f 13, . Surcula oe Beck (—undatiruga). Kiener Iconog. 13) i202 PLATE 6. . Surcula tenuis, Gray. Conch. Icon., f.73, . : , . Surcula Soda st, Kiener (— undatiruga). Kiener Iconog., t. 9, fe . Surcula Kaderlyi, Tichies Kiister, t. 11, f. 5, . Daphnella circinata, Dall. Calif. Proc., v, t. 2, f. 5, £1 T7a. Surcula clara, eens: Mittheil., t. 8, ) . Surcula pluteata, Reeve. Icon., f. 101, : . Surcula perversa, Gabb. Pal. Calif, To Fea Gas 10, . Pleurotoma Deshayesii, Doumet (ee Indica). Reeve, lean: /t:.1'9; . Surcula fulminata, Kiener ( —tornata, var.). Reeve, feon.; t37, : Pieurotoma Indica, esi Reeve, @onch, Icon., f. 142, . Surcula annulata, Beare Reeve, cow sLatsos . Surcula catena, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 36, . Surcula astricta, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 98, Surcula cincta, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 99, 86a. Surcula modesta, Sowb. (— astricta). Kiister Conch. 87. . Surcula versicolor, Weink. (— . Surcula radula, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 223, ‘ . Surcula raduliformis, Weink. (— radula). Wisier ate 19, REA dis Does, 3 ; Surcula bijubata, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 81, . PLATE 7. radula). Kuister,t.15,f. 8, | Sea . Sureula Oweni, Gray. Reeve, Icon. fe 10, : . Bela nivalis, Lovén. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch. ,V,t. 91, fe 4, . Spirotropis modiola, Jan. ee carinatum). rete Brit. Conch., y, t. 102, fort 387 PAGE, . 237 388 FIGURE. PAGE. 94, Spirotropis carinatum. Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26,719, 213 95. Surcula Quoyi, Reeve. Icon.,f. 137, . . 242 95. Perona monile, Val. Kiener, "Teonog, 215; f. 3, . 232 97. Columbarium cedonulli, Reeve (=. pagoda). Reeve, Teon.; 117 a," 175 98. Columbarium diadema, Lesson = pagoda). Sowerby, Thes. Conch., iv, t. 410, f. 53, LD 99. Columbarium spinicineta, Martens (2 pagoda, var. 2 Martens, Mittheil.,t.21,f.1, . Eb 100. Genotia Luhdorfei, Lischke. Kuster, ‘Coneh. Cab., t. Cts. : es Ef i Genotia Mitreformis, Wood. Reeve, Icon. et 23, . 174 2, 2a. Genotia papalis, Reeve (= Mitreeformis, var.). Reeve, Icon., f. 22 a,b, . . 174 3. Surcula Carpenteriana, Gabb. Pal. Calif, li. te lf. 3, 239 PLATE 8. 4, Perrona tripartita, Smith (= obesa, Bo Kuster, Conch. Cab, t. 26, f. 12 : : . 231 5. Perrona spirata, Lam. Reeve, Icon. 2 44, . 232 6, 7. Drillia partita, Reeve (= striata, Hinds). Reeve, feon., f. 330°a, Db, : : : ; : . oat 8. Perrona Peronii, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 94, 232 9. Perrona obesa, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 29, 231 10, 11. Perrona lineata, Lam. Ibid. et: 96 a, b, . 231 12. Drillia incisa, Reeve (— M aravione, Biv.) ‘Ibid. ot 133, 199 13. Clavatula imperialis, Lam. © Ibid., f. 33, . 229 14. Perrona taxus, Chemn. Ibid., f. 25, A . 231 15. Clavatula bimarginata, Lam. (= muricata). Thid. ae 84, 229 16. Clavatula gravis, Hinds (— muricata). Ibid., f. 202, . 229 17. Clavatula rubrifasciata, Reeve (— muricata ,var.). 1bid., Le i ta : . : : . 229 18. Clav atula diadema, Kiener 2 muricata). Ibib., f. 46, 229 19. Clavatula sacerdos, Reeve (= muricata). Ibid., f. 172.- 229 20. Clavatula Lelieuri, Recluz. Jour. de Conch., ii, t.5,f. 7, 228 21. Clavatula virginea, Chemn. (= muricata). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 32, : : : : 229 92. Clavatula muricata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 31, 229 23. Clavatula implicata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 170, 230 24. Drillia Dunkeri, Weink. (= umbilicata , Gray). Kuster, Conch Cab., t. 16, f. 2, aie 25. Drillia auriculifera, Lam. Reeve, “Icon., fi: 69, 185 26. Drillia exasperata, Reeve. Icon., f. 8, ; . 185 27. Clavatula mystica, Reeve (— muricata). Reeve, Icon., F107. ; ; ; : : : : 229 REFERENCE TO PLATES. PLATE 9. FIGURE, 28. Drillia pulchella, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 180, 29. Drillia bilineata, Reeve (— en Reeve, Icon., f. 225, : : , : 30. Drillia vidua, Hinds ee unizonalis, Lam.) Kuster, Conch. Cab., tolSeds), : : 31. Drillia echinata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 48, . 32. Drillia leta, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 155, 3 33. Drillia vidualoides, Baer (= unizonalis ‘Lam.). Proc. Philad. Acad. ag , f. 28, 1873, : 34. Drillia vidua, see Se nigrozonata, Weink.). Reeve, Tcon., f. 192, 3 35. Drillia hexagona, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 105, 36. Drillia Beraudiana, Crosse (— Angasi, Cr. ys Jour. de Coneh.; xi, t.1, 'f irks : : 4 : : : 37. Drillia Angasi, Crosse. Jour. de Coneh., xi, t. 1, f. 5, 88. Drillia unizonalis, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 113,. 39. 40. 4]. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 4 49. 50. dl. 52. 53. 54. 35. 56. dT. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. REFERENCE TO PLATES. Drillia exigua, Hombr. Voy. Astr. Zel., t. 25, f. 21, Drillia Beckii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 10, : 4 Drillia mediocris, Desh. Moll. Ile Reunion, £39; f. 11, Drillia texta, Dunker. Moll. Japon., t. 1, f. LO: Drillia Moquiniana, Montr. Jour. de Conch., t. ", ie 5, 1874, : : : A : : Drillia vittata, Heeve! Reeve, Conch. Icon.,f. 205, . Drillia polyg gonalis, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab. vt. 21, as Clionella semicostata, Genes Reeve, Gone: Icon., a 67, Clionella sigillata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., 'f, 363 a, b. 2 2 Clioaclla nux, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 185, Clionella Buccinoides, Lam. QZ sinuata, Born). Reeve, Tcon., f. 68, 2 ‘ ‘ : : Clionella rosaria, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 314, Drillia major, Gr ay. Reeve, Icon., f. 59, Clionella striata, Kiener. Reeve, Icon, f. 144, Drillia gibbosa, Born, Reeve, Icon., f. '30, Clionella rubinicolor, Reeve. Reeve, Icon. ae 184, PLATE 10. Drillia flavidula, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 66, Drillia zonata, Gray (= flavidula). Ibid., f. 74, Drillia Stromboides, Sowb. Ibid., f. 71, Drillia unimaculata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 42 Surcula tuberculifera, Brod. Specimen. Drillia stolida, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 152, Drillia, rosea, Sowb. Ibid., f. "43, ; 389 PAGE, . 186 390 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 63. Drillia Sumatrensis, Petit (—crenularis). Jour. de Conebs, ay t52, 1: 2,4 : : ‘ ‘ f Pa Beir) 64. Drillia crenularis, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon, f. 54, . 178 65. Drillia lanceolata, Reeve. Ibid, f. 182, : 3 ee Ba 66. Drillia Griffithii, Gray (— erenularis). Ibid., f. 157, . 178 67. Drillia turricula, Sowb. ia Sowerbyi, Reeve). Ibid., f. 49, : : : ‘ : : . 180 68. Drillia interrupta, Lam. Pbidesct:5iltas : é yi ies f 69. Drillia Tayloriana, Reeve (crenularis, Lam.). Ibid., SOBs.) : : : ; ‘ , Br Br fe 70. Drillia maura, Sowb. Ibid., f. 47, : - : open Tl. Surcula brunneomaculata, Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe., LS ia, te OO; 1el8s : . 236 72. Drillia splendidula, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 60, 200 73. Drillia impages, Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, t. 9, £10: : : : : ; . 184 74. Drillia militaris, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f.55, . 181 15. Drillia Appelii, Weink. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 20, f<5sa., : : : . 193 76. Drillia seminifera, Gould (=interrupta). Moll. Wilkes Exped., f. 312, . : : - st 77. Surcula duplicata, Sowb. = olivacea). Reeve, Icon., jepifeor : 3 ; : : ; A F . 237 PuatTE 11. 78. Drillia alabaster, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 65, . 179 79. Drillia Cagayanensis, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 329, . 180 80. Drillia regia, Beck. Reeve, Icon., f. 15, ; . 201 81. Drillia variabilis, Smith. Proe. Zool. Soe., 1878, t. 50, Ass . 180 82. Drillia umbilicata, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. OTs soe 83. Drillia spectrum, Reeve. Ibid., f. na ; . 200 84. Drillia Sinensis, Hinds. Ibid. of 153, : : . 201 85. Drillia putillus, Reeve. Ibid., 't 219, . : ; . 200 86. Drillia fucata, Reeve. Ibid.,f. 169, . ; , . Le 87. Drillia tessellata, Reeve (— formosa, Rve.), ?. Ibid., f. 331, . 186 88. Drillia Japonica, Lischke. Kiister, Conch. Cab. th 19, Be oie : . 202 89. Drillia sacra, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 183, : : - 201 90. Drillia intermaculata, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, tA Gs fg, . 202 91. Drillia Sauley dianus, Recluz (= umbilicata). Jour. de Conch., ii, t. 5, f. fl : ee by 92. Drillia variabilis, Vomit. Proc! Toak Soc., 1878, vs 56, Loe we J . 186 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 391 FIGURE. PAGE, 93. Drillia paria, Reeve (— fucata, Reeve). Icon., f. 334, 189 94. a, intertincta, Smith (— Sinensis ne Kuster, 22, f. 8a, : ; . 201 95. Drillia clavata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 139 . 190 96. Drillia peradmirabilis, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., ‘187 9, 421958 12." 201 97. Drillia albicineta, Ad. and Reeve e& putillus). ‘Voy. Samarang, t. 10, £"6; : d . 200 98. Clathurella ‘semigranosa, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 346, 290 99. Drillia flavonodulosa, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soe., 1879, t..19; f. 21, : 2 : : . 202 100. Drillia subobliquata, Smith. “‘Tbid.. PytEs sy. 203 1. Drillia obliquata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 262, - 203 2. Drillia raricostata, Smith. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1879, t. 19, f. 18, . 202 3. Drillia longispira, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, t. 19, f. 14, ; - 202 4. Drillia humilis, Smith. ‘Thid. ai i 20, 203 5. Drillia Metealfei, Angas (— Sinensis). Proe. Zool. Soc., 1367,4. 13, £16, : - 201 6. Drillia Coxi, ‘Angas (_— Sinensis, Hinds). Ibid., f. 15, 201 7. Drillia denseplicata, Dunker. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. = a oy One : , ; ; : . 203 8. Drillia candens, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc.,' 1879, t. 19, ed : ; . 203 9. Drillia spicata, Hinds as Sinensis, Hinds). Reeve, Ieon., f. 231, : : 201 10. Drillia robusta, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f 2004, 180 PLATE. 12. 11. Drillia consimilis, Smith (— Sinensis, a Zool. Proe., 1879,.t: 19,1. 11, 201 12. Drillia obliquicostata, Reeve. Conch. Tcon., E 168, 204 13. Drillia crocata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 174, 204 14. Drillia exarata, Reeve. Ihbid., f. 201, 204 15. Drillia palliata, Reeve. Ibid.. E 193. 204 16. Drillia aquatilis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 177, 204 17. Drillia varicosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 1415, 205 18. Drillia castanea, Reeve. Ibid. Ate POL ae yf 19. Mangilia lucida, Nevill. Jour. ’ Asiat. Soe. Beng. _xliv, t. 8, eet eee : 257 20. Drillia acuminata, Mighels. ‘Tbid., f. 14, 190 21. Drillia obeliscus, Reeve. jean 75: : . 205 22. Drillia rugifera, ‘Sowb. (= nigerrima, Sowb.). Reeve, Icon., f. 127, : 196 26 392 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 23. Drillia Solomonensis, Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, t. 304. 65) 9% . 205 24. Drillia Wilmeri, Smith. Proe. Zool. Soe., 1878, t. 50, 1 ae . 205 25. Drillia Awamoaensis, Hutton. Specimen, . : . 208 26. Drillia beetica, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon, f. 167, . 193 97. Drillia eens, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 103, me ee 28. Drillia Schillingi, Weink. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. le: Leta 193 29. Drillia minutissima, Garrett. Proc. Phila. Acad., 1873, boa te 80F 3. : ; : ; : |. 20H 30. Drillia Monterey ensis, Stearns. Proc. Calif. Acad., v, Fae bes a Ses 3 , : : . 184 31. Drillia lauta, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 18, 206 32. Drillia pusilla, Garrett oe D. exilis,. Pease).= Vbree: Philad. Acad., 1878, t. 2, f. 31, ; ‘ : . 206 33. Drillia papillosa, Garrett. Ibid. of 29, : . 207 34. Drillia pyramidata, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 41, . 205 35. Drillia subauriformis, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1879, 't. 19, {23, : . 207 36. Drillia fortilirata, Sears. ie ee Dae . 207 37. Drillia emula, Angas (as railli). Proce. Zool. “Soe., LST Ty tr85) ds : : : . 206 38. Drillia moeesta, Carpenter. Kuster, Conch. Cab., ti 30, Eton ee : : ‘ : 2 . 183 39. Drillia erosa, Schrenck, 2, Amurl; Moll 4.417, 2075, | We! 40. Drillia penicillata, Carpenter (= inermis). Kuster, Conch. Cab.t. 28;9-A, i= : 3 5 ; . 182 41. Drillia incisa, Carpenter. Specimen, . . 182 42. Drillia rosea, Quoy (— Novezelandie). Voy. Astrol., eeaeipule 10, : . 184 43. Drillia inermis, Hinds. "Reeve, Icon. ei 64, ‘ bee 44, Drillia Novezelandie. Reeve, Icon., "f 143, ; . 184 PuLaTe 13. 45. Drillia sinuosa, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 307, . 180 46. Drillia Patagonica,d’Orb. Martens, Mittheil.,t. 8, f. 3, 208 47. Drillia Patagonica, d’Orb. is Amer. Merid., t. 77, fal ts : . 208 48. Drillia Studeriana, Martens. Mittheil. sa 8, £2 2, . 209 49. Drillia Hemphilli, Stearns. Calif. Proc., Vv, ‘t. 1, f. 3,°. ee 50. Drillia pica, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 61, : . 190 51. Drillia rosacea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 166, . : é . as 52. Drillia regularis, Reeve. 3. Thi. if 326, . 2 . 189 53. Drillia impressa, Hinds. Ibid., f. 200, : : . 189 54. Drillia coccinata, Reeve. Ibid., a 299, : : . 188 ye REFERENCE TO PLATES. Tbid., f. 62, ‘Kiister, Conch. | Cab., i Drillis crisp ata, Reeve (= Loprestiana). Icon., f. 156, . Drillia Dalli, veri and Snin Means: Caan, Acad. Daphnella ’ Carpenteri, Verrill and Smith. Ibid ; f. obe FIGURE. 55. Drillia pudica, Hinds. Ibid., f. 199, 56. Drillia ebur, Reeve. Ibid., f. 275, 57. Drillia albicostata, Sowb. 58. ber Pateliana, Weink. Aa hal 59 60. Drillia corusca, Reeve. Icon., f. 89, 61 Vic. OF tl 62. 63 £3, 1.8; . Drillia pyramid: ata, Kiene . Drillia carbonaria, Reeve (= callosa, Val.). Reeve, Tbid., f. 81, . Drillia callosa, Val. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 104, . Surcula scaleniee Petit. ; . Drillia fulva, Hinds. Ibid., f. 237, . Drillia era Caleara. Kuster, 72 Conch. Cab., - Ee Kiener, Tconog., t. 21, f. 4, leone is Poe: : : : : : : 69. Drillia Kennicotti, Dall. Am. Jour. Coneh:) vil, t: 16, Eo. : : : : ‘ ; 70. Drillia Barkliensis, Adams. Proc. Zool. Sec., 1869, t. hg oa eee : : : aL: Drillia strigata, Sowb. G2 Barkliensis), Proc. Zool. B0G., 18is, t:.59;1. 9, ‘ 72. Drillia vexillum, Reeve. Reeve, Teon., ae 264, , 73. Drillia Mariei, Crosse. Jour. de Cone h. VST 2, toe 5, 74. Drillia incrassata Sow. (= Botte, Val.) Reeve, Icon., 16, : ; : : : 75. Drillia digitalis, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 138, 1b. a Lamber ti, Montr. Jour. de Conch., 2d ser., iv, Dal ed EL de Conch., 1874, t. 7, f. Pia Teonog:,/t:.23,, f. 1, Icon., f. 39, i; TE 14. . Drillia errinal Sea Reeve, @onchs leon mali 100, . Drillia discors, Sowb. (= aterrima). Ibid., a 38, aterrima). . Drillia zonulata, Reeve (— aterrima). . Drillia rudis, Sowb. Tbid., f. 53. . Drillia luctuosa, Hinds. Tbid., f. 149, Ibid., f. 251, . Drillia pardalis, Hinds: Tbids, f.196;.°. . Drillia quadrifasciata, Gray. . Drillia Melchersi, Menke (— Specimen, : Drillia ’ Rougeyroni, Souverbie cs Barkliensis). Jour. . Drillia maura, Kiener (— Cerithoidea, week Kiener, Reeve, Conch. 394 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE, 87. Drillia scarabzeus, Reeve, ?. Ibid., f. 353, . » £95 88. Drillia rustica, Sowb. c— nigerrima). Ibid. git 91, . 196 89. Drillia unicolor, Sowb. (— nigerrima). Ibid., if 92, - 196 90. Drillia excentrica, Sowb. (—rudis, Sowb.) Ibid. mis 58, BO 91. Drillia nigerrima, Sowb. Ibid., f. 102, . 196 92. Drillia paxillus, Reeve. Ibid., f. 285, . 194 93. Drillia torosa, Carpenter. Specimen, ‘ 183 94. Drillia Harfordiana, Reeve (= nigerrima, var.). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 93, 4 . 194 95. Drillia Hondurasensis, Reeve. Ibid., 318, = LOA 96. Drillia flavescens, Reeve. Lbid. f4L78. . 194 97. Drillia fuscescens, Gray. Ibid., 'f 125, ; » 193 98. Drillia cuprea, Reeve (= fuscescens, Gray). Ibid., f. 140, . : é » LOS Jo: Drillia harpularia, Desmoul. " Tbid., ts 124, . 193 100. Drillia bicolor, Sowb. Ibid., f. 40, . 196 1. Drillia granulosa, Sowb. Ibid., i290); - 196 2. Drillia zebra, Lam. Ibid., f. 135, . 196 3. Drillia Dysoni, Reeve. Ibid. fh SlLays 4 198 4. Drillia Lysidia, Duclos. Chenu, Til. Conch. Colum- bella, t526,1. 16, 47. ; ) USS 5. Drillia albinodata, Reeve (22 zebra, Lam.). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 359, ; . 196 6. Drillia zebra, Lam, Kuster, ‘Conch. Cab., t. 23, 1.4, . 196 7. Drillia collaris, Sowb. — zebra). Reeve, Icon., f. 120, 196 8. Drillia pallida, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 134, 196 9. Clathurella monilifera, Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, t. 0 f. ahs aes ; . 278 10. Drillia cinerea, Weink. eS zebra). Kiister, Coneb. Cab., t. 23, f. iy 196 11. Drillia albomaculata, Orb. (zebra). Orb. , Moll. Cuba, ti2451. 16, . 166 12. Drillia ornata, Orb. (= zebra). Ibid. vt. 23, e 26, - 19h PuaTeE 15, 13. Drillia nigrescens, Gray (—fuscescens). Reeve, Conch. Teon., f. 235, . : é : ~ Be 14. Drillia mucron ata, Reeve Reeve, Icon., f. 328, - 198 15. Drillia ie ’Weink. (== zebra). Kuster, Conch. Cab.,.t. 93, f. 8, : ; Hae: . 196 16. Drillia Clionelleformis, Weink. Ibid., t. 25, f. 5, - 198 17. Drillia rubiginosa, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 226, 199 18. Drillia pulchra, Gray (zebra). .Ibid., f. 351, . 196 19. Drillia cancellata, Gray. Ibid., f. 317, . Loe 20. Drillia nitida, Kiener. Ibid.,f. 130, . - LSS 21. Mangilia papillaris, Hinds. Ibid., f. 335, - 256 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 29. Drillia cantharis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 272, 199 23. Drillia Pagoda, Reeve. Ibid., f. 242, 210 24. Clathurella tessellata, Hinds. ’ Thid., f. O44, . : 200 25. Drillia exilis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., ii, G15, f. 19, 206 26. Drillia donata, Hinds. Reeve, os Icon., if 228, 210 27. Drillia arata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 267, .- . 210 28. Clathurella lemniscata, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., HSTS, bit, Peels 3 ‘ . 297 29. Clathurella Nassoides, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 259, ; : : : wee 30. Drillia Pagoda, Reeve & turris, Reeve). Ibid., f. 344, 210 31. Clathurella Grayi, Reeve. Ibid. f. 232, . . 296 32. Mangilia apicata, Gray. Ibid., f. 305, 266 33. Clathurella vuituosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 273, 296 34. Mangilia rubida, Hinds. Ibid., f. 220, 271 35. Mangilia neglecta, Hinds. Ibid. = de 218, aot 36. Clathurella compta, Reeve (= vultuosa, Reev 2): Ibid., f. 292, : : ; 296 37. Mangilia spurea, Hinds. Ibid., f 312, ‘ 273 38. Mangilia einerea,. Hinds: Dbid., £:)195, : 273 39. Mangilia margaritifera, Gray. Ibid., f. 354, 258 40. Mangilia argillacea, Hinds. Ibid., f. 317, . 273 41. Mangilia candida, Hinds. Ibid., f. 221, - 273 42. Clathurella languida, Reeve. Tbid., f, 3517, : miele 43. Mangilia deedalea, Reeve (= margaritifera). Ibid., E B55, ‘ : 258 44. Mangilia cardinalis, Reeve. ‘Ibid., f. 266, ‘ . 258 45, 47. Mangilia er assilabrum, Reeve. Ibid., f. 118 a @, 0, . 208 46. Clathurella Hayesiana, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1871, t. i aoe Ay : . 281 48. Clathurella: concentricostata. Reeve, Icon., f 279, 258 PLATE 16. 49. Clathurella oxyclathrus, Martens. Martens, Mittheil., Bao yt Et»: : : : : . 283 50. Clathurella octangula, Dunker. Dunker, Moll. Japon., bt. 1S, . 283 51. Clathurella sculptilis, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., ‘1871, a ie : . 282 52. Olathivella tenuilirata, ‘Angas. Ibid. oe 18, ; . 281 53. Mangilia Bertiniana, Tapp. ~Canefri ee rubida). Bull. Soe. Zool., iii, t. 6, fT, ; 2 3 : tk 54. Mangilia roseotincta, Montrouz, Jour. de Conch., ; ers, tc 4, fk 15. ‘ : : ; . 272 55. Clathurella Robillardi, Barelay. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, t,t. 2, « ‘ . ‘ ; . 284 396 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 56. Clathurella lirata, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 281, 296 57. Mangilia albicans, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 243, 259 58. Mangilia albovirgulata, Souv. Jour. de Conch., 1860, €. 2, toe , ‘ ; ; : . 274 59: Mangilia metula, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 238, 269 60. Mangilia variculosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 194, . 257 61. Clathurella bicolor, aa Proce. Zool. Soc., 1871, t. Lt 20; . 284 62. Mangilia aspera, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 994, 269 63. Mangilia quisqualis, Hinds. Ibid., f. 230, . 257 64. Mangilia rigida, Hinds. Ibid., f. 216, . 269 65. Mangilia Dorvilliz, Gray, 3. Ibid., f. 249, . 267 66. Clathurella efficta, Reeve (= vultuosa). Tid. He 302, 296 67. Mangilia crlata, Hinds. Tbid., #241, . 258 68, 70. Clathurella Delosensis, Reeve (—elathrata, Serres), Ibid., f. 365 a, b, : . 276 69. Clathurella nexa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 282, . 287 Tl. Mangilia ericea, Hinds. Ibid., f. 188, . 258 72. Clathurella parvula, Reeve. Ibid., a O54, . 288 73. Clathurella foveolata, Reeve.’ Ibid., f. 342, . 288 74. Clathurella reflexa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 252, : . 288 75. Clathurella albifuniculata, Reeve (= tincta). Ibid., f. 350, ; : 3 : : : . 292 76. Clathurella tincta, Reece bids. a4 i . 292 77. Clathurella obtusa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 356, . 294 78. Clathurella scalaris, Hinds. Ibid., is 233, . 287 79. Clathurella puncticineta, Reeve. Ibid. sf 258, . 290 80. Clathurella granicostata, Reeve. Ibid., ne B48, . 287. 81. Clathurella Philippinensis, Reeve. Ibid., f, 109 a, ~. 237 82. Clathurella fimbriata, Hinds. Ibid., f. 208, . 288 83. Clathurella retusa, Hinds. Ibid., f. 234, - 290 PLATE 17. 84. Clathurella slbocwiety, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, tele . 285 85. Clathurella pustulata, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soe., “187, t..5, f. 14, 285 86. Clathurella Lallamantiana, Crosse —— Letourneuxiana, var.). Jour. de Conch., 1865, t. 11, £95; 286 87. Clathurella Letourneuxiana, Crosse. Thid., 5a Te 286 88. Clathurella rufinodis, Martens (— granicostata). Mar- tens, Mauritius, t. 20, f. 2, ‘ é : ; . 287 89. Clathurella zonulata, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, 1s Ws he) By fe : : : : : . 285 90. Clathurella bicarinata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, fe WT 2357 . 287 pan REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 91. Daphnella Vincentina, Crosse. Jour. de Conch, 1865, POLE if 6.7 i. 2 oul 92. Clathurella modesta, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, ee bap a 285 93. Clathurella Brenchleyi, “Angas. Ibid., fi 12 : . 285 94. Clathurella gracilispira, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, EL ee . 286 95. Clathurella carinulata, Souv erb. Jour. de Conch. 1875, t.13: 1. 6, : - 289 96. Clathurella ‘rubroguttata, H. Ad. ‘—— ‘tincta). Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, t. 3, f. 25, 5 : . 292 97. Borsonia nigrocincta, Montrouz. Jour. de Conch., 1B ia hot, . . 228 98. Clathurella Brazieri, Angas. Zool. Proe. 1871, t. i iz 21, 295 99. Clathurella pulcherrima, -H. Adams. Zool. Proe. , 1872, iva BOWS: : : : : . 289 100. Clathurella yufozonata, Angas. Zool. Proc 18TTt.5; a bes ae : : : ; : . 285 1. Lachesis multiplicata, Forbes. eee Reeve, Conch. icon t62: 6". : . 295 2. Clathurella arctata, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon. oe 294, 294 3. Clathurella Polynesiensis, Reeve. Reeve, Ivon. es 304, 291 4. Clathurella bilineata, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1871,t.1,f. 93. 288 5. Clathurella eximia, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon.. f. 82, 290 6. Clathurella amabilis, Hinds. Ihbid., f. 308, 287 7. Clathurella foraminata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 301, 288 8. Clathurella micans, Hinds. Ibid.,f. 227, . 290 9. Clathurella canaliculata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 348, 284 10. Clathurella cavernosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 303 . 290 11. Mangilia fusoides, Reeve (— gracilenta). Ihbid., f. 349, 252 12. Clathurella Hindsii, Reeve. Ibid., f. 119, . : . 289 13. Clathurella glumacea, Hinds. Ibid., f. 240, 291 14. Clathurella sculpta, Hinds. Ibid., f. 154, 280 15. Clathurella tricarinata, Val. Ibid., f. 121 8, 289 16. Clathurella debilis, Hinds. Ibid., f. 187, 282 17. Clathurella Metecalfiana, Reeve. Ibid. ve 229, 288 18. Clathurella felina, Hinds. Ibid., f. 80, 292 19. Clathurella dentifera, Hinds. Tbid., f. 236, 291 20. Clathurella pyramidala, Reeve. Ibid., f. 260, 286 PLATE 18. 21. Mangilia obesicostata Reeve (= Le Conch. dgon.,.f 265, —. : 247 22. Clathurella angulifera, Reeve. Ibid. an 360, : . 278 23. Clathurella d’ Orbignyi, Reeve (— candidula). Ibid., {. 359, E P : : - 278 398 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE, 24. Clathurella candidula, Reeve. Ibid.,f 358, : - 278 25. Clathurella clathrata, Reeve (—candidula). Ibid. mile 361, 278 26. Clathurella turbinelloides, Reeve. Ibid., f. 295, . 280 27. Clathurella macrostoma, Reeve. Ibid., f. 362, - ~ 219 28. Clathurella occidentalis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 357, . oer aie) 29. Clathurella rubricata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 321, “ ~ 279 30. Mangilia laqueata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 280, : : . 246 31. Clathurella quadrata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 253, t - 23 32. Clathurella merita, Hinds. Ibid.,f.148, . : - 280 33. Clathurella Leufroyi, Mich. Ibid., f. 131, . : . 276 34. Clathurella linearis, Mont. Ibid. of 29 Gviws . 276 35. Clathurella reticulata, Ren. (= Cordieri, Payr. Ne Tbid., f. 122, 5 275 36. Mangilia costata, Gray C trilineata, Ads.). Ibid., f. 298, . , . 247 37. Daphnella Forthinensis, Reeve (ee accincta, Montg.). Ehids f5246.0 4% : é : . 310 38. Daphnella eracilis, Mont. Tbid., f. 50, 5 : . 812 39. Daphnella teres, Forbes (= gas re bias ok 161, >: : 5 . 812 40. Clathurella purpurea, Blainv. Ibid., fy 136, . 275 41, Clathurella purpurea, var. Philberti. Ibid., f. 129, . 275 42. Clathurella rava, Hinds. Ibid., f. 250, . 296 43. Clathurella scalpta, Reeve (= monilifera, Somb.). Tbid., f. 338, . 218 44, Clathurella Guildingii, Reeve. Ibid., f. 268, . eesti) 45. Daphnella Forbesii, Reeve (== brachy stoma, Phil.) Ibid., f. 339; : ; . 308 46. Clathurella occata, Hinds. Ibid. if 197, : : . 280 PLATE 19. 47. Clathurella Martensi, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., UST, to tg te Ooiets é : ; : 5 om 48, Clathurella Blanfordi, Nevill. Tibia flay ‘ s 2B 49. Clathurella Smithii, Nevill. Ibid. sits 8, f. 18, : » 292 50. Mangilia apiculata, ’Montr. Jour. de Conch., 3d ser5 Ly. tol O, yee ee 273 51. Mangilia canaliculata, Pease (= rubida, Hinds). "Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 1a tema ol 52. Clathurella scalarina _ Deshayes. Moll. Reunion, to; alia : ; : : . 296 53. Clathurella albostrigata, Baird. Voy. Curacoa, t. 37, Pease ae : : ; . 292 54. Clathurella eyelophora, Deshayes. Moll. Reunion, t. pa a’ aa ; 2 : : . 292 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 399 FIGURE. PAGE. 55. Clathurella contortula, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 1875, t. 7, f. 12, ae Se oe VION 56. Clathurella Reev eana, Deshay es. Moll. Reunion, t. 12, teas) owe ye Glathurella rugosa, “Migh. Doan Bien wat ie f: a . 296 58. Clathurella Engineformis, Nevill. Ware meian sae Beng., 1875, te et.9) ; ; : , . 294 59. Clathurella Armstrongi, Nevill. ibid, f. 13, : . 294 60. Clathurella Masoni, Nevill. Ibid., f. 7, : : + 293 61. Clathurella singularis, Nevill, \-Lhid:, 4.10, * : » 293 62. Borsonia nigrocincta, Montr. Ibid., ce Ge . 228 63. Clathurella producta, Pease. Donum Bismark, t. i f. 3, oO aaa sea 298 64. Mangilia obesa, Garrett. Phila. Proc., 1873, ti. 2, fi 36, 273 65. Clathurella perplexa, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., Pato b., Te EDS +. : : : : 1298 66. Slathurella diedalea, Garrett. Proc: A. Nw S:-Philad:, HSS, t.2, 1 do, j . 294 67. Clathurella clandestina, Deshayes, Moll. Reunion, t. (2S ine Tes 298 68. Clathurella pumila, Mighels. Donum Bism. Ba i f. 2, 298 69. Clathurella infrasulcata, Garrett (— cavernosa). Proc. AS NS. Phila: 1873, t. 2, f. 35, : i : . 290 70. Clathurella maculosa, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. fo 1G... : ; : : . 293 71. Clathurella Nagasakiensis, Smith. Zool. Proe;, 1879; CBee E . 286 72. Clathurella semilineata, Garrett (=e oranosa, , Dunker). Pinla shoe. lS (3 teach 3T,. ° : ; . 295 73. Clathurella Dee Brazier. Specimen, : . 256 74. Clathurella punctifera, Garrett. Phila. Proc eas : es eee ar : . 293 15. Clathurella tumida, Pease a Reev eana, 1, Desh.). "Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 1 : : : 5 meat PLATE 20. 76. Clathurella, purpurata, Souv. Jour. de Conch., 3d ser., Pete bl, f. 8, ; ; : ‘ : . 298 17. Mangilia Montrouzieri, Souv. Ibid. fe Teel: . 273 78. Clathurella torquata, Phil. Moll. Sicil., li, t. 26, : 14, 275 79. Clathurella scabrum, Jeffreys (— Cordieri, Payr.). Ann. Mac. N. Hist., 3d ser., ii, t. 5, f. 9.5, : . 215 $0. Clathurella affinis, Dall. Calif. Proc., v, t. 2, f. 7, . 281 81. Clathurella violacea, Pease (— clandestina, rete Am. Journ. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 15, . . 298 82. Clathurella Antillarum, d’Orb. Cuba, t. 24, a 2, ma) 400 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. 83. 100. oT gO bo Clathurella Auberiana, d’Orb. (= rubricata, mb be Cuba, t. 24, f. 5, . Clathurella elatior, a’ Orb. Cuba, t. 23, f. 35, : . Clathurella Lavalleana, d’Orb. (& Antillarum). Cuba, t. DARE : Tene amoena, Sars. Moll. Norv., t. 17, ite 10 a, . Clathurella Caribsea, d’Orb. Cubbatt..23.it aoe : . Clathurella Vespucciana, d’Orb. (= Antillarum). Cuba, t. 24, f. 13, : Clathurella labiosa, Sunihe Zool. Proce. U8tl, ti toast 9s . Clathurella pulchella, poe (= purpurascens, mes Phila. Proe., 1873; t. 25% 32, . Clathurella Canfieldi, ea ro Jour. Ganche vii, t. tat. Oe Clathurella Jewetti, Stearns v= plicata: Ads.). Proc. Phila. Acad. , 1873, p. 346, . Clathurella Candeana, dOrb. Cuba, t. 24, f. 10, . Mangilia subula, Reeve. Reeve, Icon.,f. 211, . . Clathurella inflexa, Martens. Mittheil., t. 21, f. 10, . Clathurella pinguis, Garrett (— Malleti, Reel). Phila. Proc., 1873, t. 2, f. 38, . Daphnella polita, Hinds. ’ Reeve, ‘Icon. Lie 150, . Mangilia sordida, Reeve. Icon., f. 286, : : Z . Clathurella celata, Garrett. Phila. Proc., 1873, t. 2, f. 34, Clathurella Malleti, Reeluz. "Jour. de Conch., iii, i 10, Bee : : : . Mangilia hexagonalis, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 293, Mangilia nitens, Hinds. ibid. f 189, Mangilia pseudocarinata, Reeve. Ibid., i 256, Mangilia obeliscus, Reeve (= hexagonalis). Ibid. 16, . Mangilia opalus, Reeve. Ibid., f. 274, . Daphnella ignifera, Reeve. Ibid., f. 214, PLATE 21. . Daphnella Aigeensis, Forbes (= pier Monies Reeve, Conch. Icon., PGA Bela septangularis, Monte. Tbid., f 322, . Bela Ginnaniana, Scacchi Ee septangularis). Ibid., eee Fe : Mangilia Sicula, Reeve. Ibid., is fe : : s : Daphnella levigata, Phil. (— nebula). Ibid., f..291, . Mangilia Bertrandi, Payr. Ibid., f. 46, . Mangilia teniata, Desh. Ibid., f. 351, . Clathurella lineolata, Gray. Ibid., f. 337, . Daphnella abyssicola, Forbes. Ibid., f. 157, PAGE REFERENCE TO PLATES. 401 FIGURE, PAGE, 16. Daphnella minuta, Forbes. Ibid.,f. 158, . : . 309 17. Mangilia Vauquelini, Payr. Ibid., f. 108, . : . 248 18. Mangilia rigida, Reeve (— Vauquelini). Ibid., f. 40, 243 19. Daphnella striolata, Scacchi oh nae ae BL). ue f. 320, . 809 20. Daphnella nebula, Mont. Ibid., f. 198, : . 307 21. Daphnella Cy cladensis, Forbes fs brachy stoma ,Phil.). Mbid; 7.2895. . . 308 22. Drillia aflinis, Gray Se flavescens. Reeve). Ibid. if 309, . : . 194 23. Daphnella Leeviana, Forbes ES costulata, Blainv.). Hpi. te 2905). : : . 009 24. Daphnella attenuata, Mont. ‘Tbid., ii 248, : : . 808 25. Daphnella turgida, Forbes. Ibid., f. 163, . ; . 308 26. Mangilia cavernosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 8, ; : . 251 27. Mangilia Dysoni, Reeve. Ibid., f. 99, . 247 28. Mangilia planilabroides, Tryon e planilabr um Rve.). Ibid., f. 43, 3 2638 29. Daphnella fortis, Forbes (= turgida, Pbs.). Ibid., f. 165, . : . 808 30. Mangilia pentagonalis, Gray. Ibid. ante 955, : . 246 31. Mangilia Aa eee is (= bilineata, C. B. Ad.). Haid te 297. 8 . 247 32. Mangilia luteofasciata, “Reeve ie albovittata, Aa.) Maids £239. 4. . 248 33. Daphnella hy alina, Reeve, Ibid., f. 287, - ; . 301 34. Mangilia undaticosta, Reeve. Ibid. A ke 284, ; . 251 35. Mangilia bella, Hinds. Ibid., f. 146, : : . 249 36. 37. Daphnella pessulata, Reeve. Ibid. aie Mas b, eld 38. Mangilia formicaria, Sowb. Ibid., f. 247, : . 250 39. Daphnella plumbea, Hinds. Ibid., a Lavo): ; . 300 40. Mangilia symmetrica, Reeve. Ibid., i 340, , . 247 41. Mangilia badia, Reeve. Ibid., f. 60, . : : . 247 PLATE 22. 42. Bela secalina, Phil. (septangularis). Moll. Sicil., ii, t Bevis d=: : “ : . 223 43. Daphnella cerina, Kurtz and Stimpson. Shells N. Eng., t.2,f.2, . MAR Ny: . 310 44, Mangilia rugulosa, Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, t: 255.1. 8.0 6.845 45. Daphnella brachy stoma, Pinks -bid.; 1. 10;- . : . 308 46. Mangilia Guarani, d’Orb. Voy. Amer, t. 115,44" 947 47. Mangilia luctuosa, d’Orb. Cuba, t. 23, f. 29, : . 246 48. Mangilia Fairbankii, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., Me Ue Ny fxs) = : : : : ; - 270 402 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. 49. Daphnella decussata, Phil. (= nuperrima, Tiberi). Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26, £ 23, 50. Mangilia brevis, Pease (—cithara, Gould). ‘Am. Jour. Conch., Mlieat. eet, 1 : 51. Mangilia cemmulata, Deshay es (= interrupta, Reey an Moll. Reunion, t. 12, le 52. Mangilia fulvocineta, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 1875, Gohl pike Lys ‘ 5a. Mi: angilia multilineolata , Deshay es. Expl. Morée, t. 19, f. 46, 54, Daphnella variegata, Carpenter. Specimen, 55. Mangilia splendida, Ay Ady Zool; Proce 1s6n; t. 19, f. 24, 56. Mangilia interlirata, Stearns. Cal. Proc., iv, t. ie fs 10, 9 57. Daphnella interfossa, Carpenter. Specimen, ; ; 58. Mangilia Coppingeri, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 4, 59. Daphnella fulourans, Krauss. Sudaf. Moll., »t..65 oe ih 60. Mangilia robusticostata, Smith. Zool. Proe., 1879, t. 19, eto me : : : 5 5 61. Mangilia insculpta, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., 1863, bok beS ety Se : : : : 62. Mangilia costulata, Dunker. Moll. Japon. t, 1,420. 63. Mangilia trivittata, Ad. and Reeve (— pellucida). Moll. Samarang, t. 10, f. 9, 3 : 5 : < : 64. Clathurella apicalis, Montr. (— felina, Hinds). Jour. 14, 16. de Conch., 3d ser., i, t. 11, f. 6, . . Mangilia conifor mis, Souverb. (= Souverbiei). Jour. de Conch., 1875, i Laie . Mangilia vittata, Hinds. Voy. Sulph., t. oe f. 3, 67. Mangilia angulosa, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1871, i 15, te ‘10, 8. Mangilia flavescens, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1877, t. 5, fale : Mangilia scalata, Souverb. Ge angicostata). Jour. de Conch., 1874, ep Gig ee . Mangilia "Leuckarti, Dunker (ee costulata) “Moll. Japon:, t.1, 1.) L; . Mangilia Deshayesii, Dunker. Ibid. it. ee 3, : 2. Mangilia picta, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., 1863, t. 87, f. 7, . Daphnella Jacksonensis, Angas. "Zool. Proc., 1877, t. Date 20) PLATE 23: 75. Mangilia interrupta, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 16 a, b, Mangilia pura, Reeve. Ibid., f. 63, : . PAGE. . 307 ——s> a a oe ry > REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. Th. 78. . Mangilia zonata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 15, . Mangilia livida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 28, : . Daphnella casta, Hinds. (— Reeveana , Try on). Mangilia, lineata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 42,. Mangilia pallida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 34, f. 55, : Mangilia gracilis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 13, vy, : Mangilia ‘fulva, Reeve (= lutescens, Reeve). i. ‘O71, : Mangilia castanea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 48, t Mangilia : angicostata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 327, : Mangilia semen, Reeve. Ibid. , ft. 333, . Mangilia planilabrum. Ibid. ie 88, . Mangilia contracta, Reeve. (= eracilenta). f. Thee: : 2 - Mangilia ‘clara, Reeve. “Ibid. wt. 190, : . Clathurella albibalteata, Reeve (= ‘Cumingii, Powis). Ibid., f. 84, . Clathurella Tritonoides, Reeve. Ibid., f 85, . Mangilia cylindrica, Reeve. Dia, EON ie : Mangilia pyramidalis, Reeve. Ibid. he Oanles boy . Mangilia oryza, Hinds. Ibid., f. aa . Mangilia vitrea, Reeve. Ibid., 1 300, : . Mangilia Zebuensis, Reeve ae derelicta, Rve.). f. 68, 3 Daphnella urnula, Reeve. Ibid., f. 245, . Mangilia eracilenta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 114, ; Mangilia cornea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 341, . Daphnella eruginosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 261, . Mangilia Stromboides, Reeve. Ibid., f. 33,. . Mangilia fusiformis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 19, . Mangilia elegans, Reeve. Ibid., f At, . Mangilia conohelicoides, Reeve. Ibid., is 25, . Mangilia ponderosa, Reeve. Ibid, f. 44, Prate 24, . Mangilia vittata, Reeve (— exquisita, Smith). Conch. Icon., f. 53, . Mangilia eracilis, Reeve. Dodo LS. a, . Mangilia vexillum, Reeve. [bid., f. 2a, . Mangilia cylindrica, Reeve. Ibid., f. 9 6, - Mangilia reticulata, Reeve. Ihbid., f. 17, . Mangilia balteata, Reeve. Ihbid., f. 57, . Mangilia Antillarum, Reeve. Ibid., f. 4}, . Mangilia cytharella, Lam. Ibid., f. 5, . j . . Mangilia lyra, Reeve (— cytharella). Ibid., f. 3, 404 FIGURE. 15. Mangilia gracilis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 11 a, 16. Mangilia funiculata, Reeve. Ibid., i. 1, ity Mangilia Columbelloides, Reeve (= Marginelloides). Tbids, fe. 18. Mangilia pusilla, Reeve (= tunebris, Reeve). Thid., f. 50, : ‘ : : 19. Mangilia. abyssicola, Reeve. “‘Thid., f. 30 @, « 20. Mangilia pulchella, Reeve. Ibid., f. 184, 21. Mangilia lyrica. Ibid.,f.206, . : : 22. Mangilia Marginelloides, Reeve. Ibid., f. 6 a, 23. Mangilia turricula, Reeve. Ibid., f. 53, REFERENCE TO PLATES. . Mangilia gibbosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. Pas : : . Mangilia Nove-Hollandie, Reeve (ate gibbosa, Rve.). Ibid., 2%: ‘ Mangilia astricta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 59, f Mangilia funebris, Reeve. Ibid., f. 32, : Mangilia angulata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 62, . Mangilia cincta, Reeve. Ibid.,f.69, . . Mangilia derelicta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 66, . Mangilia pellucida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 61, PLATE 25, . Mangilia Delacouriana, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1872, t. 2, f. 4, . Mangilia deedalea, Pease —_ debilis, Pse.). ‘Am. Jour. Gonch polls ate 15, f. 13, . Mangilia angela, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., 1863, t. 3, £21, . Mangilia Balansai, Otrae. rant de igcnen 1873, fs 5, f. 5, : Mangilia bella, Ad. and Angas. — Boakei, Nevill). Weel: Proe:, 1863, Tensile Ge . Mangilia decussata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch. iii, t. 15, f. 10, : Clathurella "alba, Desh. "Moll. Reunion, t. 12, fi iN . Daphnella varicifera, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii., (rp oe Be : Mangilia Isseli, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, 1875, Gt . Daphnella dentata, Souverb. Jour. de Conch., xviii, £. 14, £5, . Mangilia dubiosa, ‘Nevill. Jour. Bengal, 1875, t. 7, fe? 3. Mangilia ‘ cithara, Gould. Wilkes Exped. Moll., f. 30, 4. Mangilia oradata, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, 1875, t. 1, He bys : Mangilia Richardi, Crosse (—= reticulata, Rve. Ne Jour. de Conch., 1872, to 2 fos. — F GURE. 46. 47. 48. REFERENCE TO PLATES. fast 4, Mangilia Guestieri, Souverb. (= reticulata, Rve.). Jour. de Conch., 1873, t. 4, f. 3, Mangilia Isseli, var. cernica, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, METS, bois t16, : Daphnella compta, Ad. and A Angas. Zool. Proc., 1863, io 1. ), 4 Mangilia unilineata, Smith. Jour. Linn, Soe., ait ] t. 30, f. 13, . Mangilia triticea, Kiener. Iconog., tl 2( ste 3, : Mangilia interstriata, Smith. Jour. Linn. Soce., xii, t. 30, f. 13, . Mangilia biclathrata Souv erb. Jour. de Conch. , 1873, Poe £4 : Daphnella trivaricosa. Martens. Mauritius, t. 20, f 1, . Daphnella crenulata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch,, iii, t. nS, 1.20; . Clathurella ’ subzonata, Smith. Zool. Proc. , 1879, t. 19, | are : Daphnella vitrea, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad. , 1878, t. 3, f. 60, . Borsonia Giliberti, Shines CaGue de ‘Conch., 1874, t. Aye 2, ; itiurcila fuscobalteata, Sanieh zack Bron , 1879, t. LO, 1.26; ; Daphnella Ly mneiformis, Kiener. “Teonog., t. 22,6 3, . Daphnella aspera, Carp. Specimen, , . Daphnella gracilior, Hemphill. Specimen, . Daphnella filosa, Carp. Specimen, PLATE 26. . Mangilia abyssicola, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 30}, . Mangilia bicolor, Reeve. Ibid., f. 31, . Mangilia pessulata, Reeve. Ibid. noe 38, : Mangilia Hornbeckii, Reeve. Ibid. ails 4, : Mangilia Reevei, Tryon (= crassilabrum , Reeve). Ibid., f. 36, : . Mangilia lamellata, “Reeve. Ibid., 18 12, . Mangilia tenebrosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 26 a, . Mangilia obesa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 14, . Mangilia maculata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 22 a, . Mangilia capillacea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 10, . Mangilia fasciata, Gray. Ibid., f. 52, . Daphnella saturata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 218, . . Clathurella Cumingii, Powis. Ibid., f. 110 a, Mangilia onager, Souverb. Jour. de Conch., 1875, t. PAGE. 406 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE, PAGE. 77. Daphnella aureola, Reeve. Ibid., f.212, . : . 302 78. Daphnella flammea, Hinds. Ibid., f. 210, . : . 302 79. Mangilia coniformis, Gray. Ibid., f. 67, é ; . 264 80. Daphnella delicata, Reeve. Ibid.,f.310, . ; . 301 81. Daphnella pluricarinata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 288, . . 804 82. Daphnella hyalina, Reeve. Ibid.,f. 280, . : « OO 83. Clathurella fenestrata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 319, ; . 283 84. Daphnella Ticaonica, Reeve. Ihbid., f. 270, . ‘ . 304 85. Daphnella axis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 311, . : . 304 86. Daphnella hyalina, Reeve. Ibid.,f.269, . : . 301 87. Daphnella egrota, Reeve. Ibid., f. 276, 2 : . 305 88. Daphnella ornata, Hinds. Ibid., f. 209, : : 2 i) 89. Daphnella patula, Reeve (— Lymneiformis). Ibid., f. A Ee , : ‘ : : 4 . 300 90. Daphnella fragilis, Reeve (= Lymneiformis, var.). Ibid., f. 179, . . 300 91. Clathurella lactea, Reeve G tricarinata, Rve,). Tbid., f U3 a) : ” 989 92. Daphnella. Boholensis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 112 a, : . 301 93. Daphnella Ly mneformis, Kiener. Ihid:, f. 325, . . 300 94. Daphnella crebriplicata, Reeve. [bidy, t.s13. >. 305 95. Daphnella Daphnelloides, Reeve (—marmorata, Hinds). Dpids, A270 ae: : : : : ° 5 : 502) 96. Daphnella casta, Hinds. Ibid., f. 336, . § : . 300 97. Daphnella olyra, Reeve. Ibid., f. 207, . ; ; . 306 98. Daphbnella inquinata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 283, . . . 304 PLATE 27. 1. Daphnella tessellata, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad., t. 3, £61, 28i5. ; . 303 2. Daphnella millegrana, Garrett. Ibid. it. 3, f. bys . 303 3. Lachesis pellis- phoce, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Tr 2635. .- 3 : - . . 225 4. Lachesis multiplicata, Forbes (= minima). Reeve, icons 364.775) 3 ; ; : ; . 224 5. Daphnella varicosa, Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., 1874, ed (AS es Aer . 305 6. Plenrotoma clav ulus, Sowb. jos Columbella, Manual, v. 184). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 106. 7. Mangilia Goodalli, Gray. Tbid., f. 58, . 260 8,9. Clathurella Rissoides, Reeve. Ibid. of 111 a, b, . 281 10. Mangilia solida, Reeve. [bids f..64.4-%. . 274 11. Mangilia marmorosa, Reeve. Ibid., ifs 54, Ve : . 272 12. Mangilia Celebensis, Hinds. Tbid., eecye bau ee ; . 260 3. Mangilia nana, Reeve (= cincta, Reeve). Ibid., f. 71, . 259 14. Mangilia triticea, Kiener. Ibid., f. 128, : . . 268 FIGURE. 15. Daphnella fusiformis, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad., t. 3, f. 58, 1873, 5 5 : ; : ‘ : 16. Daphnella curta, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 22, : : : ; : : V7; Mangilia cinnamomea, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. Bic 18. Bela Greenlandica, Reeve ee B. ‘picarinata, Couth.). Ibid., f. 343, 19. Mangilia coronata, Hinds,. ‘Tbid., F 1, : 20. Bela ‘Viridula, Moll. (= Col. Holbolii, Beck). Ibid. ae REFERENCE TO PLATES. 306, . Bela scalaris, ’ Vahl (= decussata). Ibid. ot: OTT, . Bela turricula, Montg. Ibid., f. 162, . : . Daphnella dormitor, Sowb. Sowb., Thes. Conch., Beton 40, f, 173, 5 Mangilia digitalis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., Re 70, . Bela leucostoma, Reeve (= decussata). Ibid., f. 278, . Bela livida, Mill. (= Bela bicarinata, Couth.). Tbid., £316, . Bela Molleri, Reeve = concinnula, Verril) Tbid., f. 324, . Bela Lyciaca, Forbes. ‘Tbid., fe 160, - : , : . Bela decussata, Macg. (= Trevelyana). Ibid., f. 159, 22 - Bela Vahlii, Moll. (= pyramidalis). Ihbid., f. 332, . Bela rugulata, Moll. (— bicarinata). Ibid., f. 345, PLATE 28. . Bela bicarinata, Couth. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 16, f. 12, . Bela violacea, Mighels (— bicarinata). Ibid., t. 17, f. 2, -. Bela violacea, var. levior, Sars (= bicarinata). Ibid., ei, 2.3, 36. Bela tenuicostata Sars (= decussata). Ibid., t. 17, f. 15, a, . Bela harpularia, var. rosea, Sars (= turricula). Tbid., t. 23, f. 10, . Bela declivis, Lovén. Ibid. vt. 16, f; 10, . Bela scalaroides, Sars (= turricula). Ibid. it. 23, 1 1, . Bela pyramidalis, Strom. Ibid., t. 16, f. 3, . Bela nobilis, Moller (— turricula). Ibid. iv 16, f. | . Bela nobilis, juv., Sars (— Americana). Ibid., t. 16, f. 20, : Mangilia “imperfectum, | Folin. Meleagrinicoles, t. 5, Boks . Bela assimilis, Sars — turricula). Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 23, f. 8 . Bela harpularia, Sars Cz turricula). Ibid. te 16, f, 11, 27 407 PAGE, 217 Br a) . 218 219 Beas) 219 . 219 219 408 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. ii: 72. 73. 74, Td. Bela angulosa, Sars (= cancellata, Moll.). Ibid., t 1G, 316; : : : : Bela pyramidalis, var. semiplicata. Ibid., t. 16, f. 4, Bela cinerea, Moller. Ibid., t. 23, f. 4, Bela cancellata, Sars (— Sarsii, Verrill). Ibid., t. 23, To Ba ke 4 : : Bela obliqua, Sars. Ibid:, t./16,.£ 6; PLATE 29. Bela ae Couth. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 43, Tr. 14; . é 2 : . : : Bela expansa, Sars. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 17, f. 7, Bela elegans, Moll. (— cancellata). Ibid., t. 16, f. 15, Bela concinnula Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 43. £15; : Bela decussata, Couth. ‘Tbid., t. 43, E. 13, 5 Bela simplex, Middendorff ge Schantarica). Reise, t. 12, £. 16; Bela mitrula, Lovén es turricula). Sars, Moll. Norv., £.,23, 1,05 Pleurotomella Agassizi, Verrill and Smith. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 57, f. 3, : Pleurotomella Packardi, Verrill. ‘Ibid., t. 43, £9, Bela pygmea, Verrill (—decussata). Ibid., t.57, f. 8, Bela conoidea, Sars. Moll. Norv., t. 16, f. 14, Pleurotomella Pandionis, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., Vib. Ou sues, Taranis pulchella, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., Vi t. Seer a ly ace Bela Pingeli, Moller. Ibid., t. 43, ar 16, 2 Bela incisula, Verrill = decussata). Ibid. , t. 43, ‘e 12, Taranis Morchi, Malm. Sars, Moll. Norv., "6. 1, f. Ser Bela cancellata, Mighels. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. ey f. 10 Bela Gouldii,” Verrill es Monee var.). Ibid., t. 51, 6, 5 2 Bela hebes, Verrill ec decussata). Ibid., tO ts ang PLATE 30. Mangilia Godeffroyi, Folin. Meleagrinicoles, t.5,f. 12, Clathurella nodosa, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 15, Mangilia leucolabratum, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 13, Clathurella pustulosa, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 14, Mangilia Carpenteri, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 11, Mangilia hirsutum, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 16, REFERENCE TO PLATES. 409 FIGURE. PAGE. 76. Mangilia amabilis, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc., xliii, t. if. Lt. . 273 KC Clavatula sacerdos, Reeve. Jahr. Mal. Gesell., > te 3, £10, ‘ . 229 78. Drillia ‘umbilicata, Gray. Phra: a 3, f. iis ATS 79. Drillia callosa, Val. Ibid., t..3, "e 3, . 192 80. Drillia tripter. Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3. 1 . 208 81. Drillia consociata, Smith. Ibid., t. 3,f. 4, . Sale 82. Surcula pluteata, Reeve. Ibid., t. 35 f. A . 240 83. Clavatula ferruginea, Maltzan = rubrifasciata, Rve. ). Ibid., t. 3, £ 8, : 229 84. Clavatula Colini, Maltzan. Ibid. He 3, f. Sk - 230 85. Drillia levisuleata, Maltzan = coccinata, Reeve). Pbid.: ¢.-3) 1.6; ; . 188 86. Daphnella mediofasciata, Maltzan (ea nebula, var.). Phid..t. 3,8 12, é 307 87. Mangilia subelathrata, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3. f. 13, 245 88. Mangila Struckii, Maltzan. Thids¢..3) Pe 4e . 245 89. Daphnella Senegalensis, Maltzan. Ibid., t.3;f. 15, . 310 90. Drillia ballista, Maltzan. Ibid.,t.3,f.2, . : . 208 91. Mangilia Goreensis, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 11, 246 92. Bela pleurotomaria, Couth. Gould, Invert. Mass., f. 625, , 215 93. Bela turricula, Monte. “Ibid. mb th 620, 2 2g 94. Bela Kobelti, Verk. = decussata). Jahrb. Mal. Gesell., lin, t. 4, f. 5, 3 ai 95. Lachesis Turqueti, Velain. ‘Arch. Zool. Exper., vi, t. sae 18, 5 : : : ‘ - 226 96. Bel: levigata, Dall. é Sema ie Am. Jour. Sanch:, vii, t..16; 1.7, ; . 214 97. Bela gigas, Beck & Sehantariea). ance Mal. Gesell., I; t-135,.4- 6:2 214 : Fe ond Catelini, Petit (= . Clathurella plicata, Adams. Gould, Invert. Mass., f. 619, PLATE 31. Halia Priamus, Meuschen. Reeve, Icon., xiv, fig. 1d,. aa aculeiformis, Lam. Kiener, lconog. Fusus, moo, f..2 - aculeiformis). Jour. de Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 2 : Pasionella buccinatus, Lam (= vulpina, Born.) ea r, Iconog. Fusus, ta Sits 2) , Basionclla Reeluziana, Petit = vulpina). Jour. de ouch, iit. 1 d..1; 410 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE, 6. Pusionella albocincta, Petit (—vulpina). Jour. de Conch.,; ii, t..1,f. 12, : ; : . 234 7. Pusionella Milleti, Petit. Jour de Conch., 11, 't) dd 6, SeeaS 8. Pusionella subgranulata, Petit, (— Milleti). Jour. de Conch.231, 4,22 -f 15. : Z f 5 : . 235 9. Pusionella valida, Dunker. Novit. Conch., t. 10, f.1,. 234 10. Pusionella candida, Phil. (? — valida). Abbild. iii, Fusus,,t..5, 1.7, : : é : . 234 De Pusionella rapulum, Reeve. ‘Reeve, Conch. Icon. Buc- cinum, f. 83, : : . 235 12. Pusionella Wallay Sil, Petit “es rapulum). | Jour. de Conchoviie ty fai : . 235 13, 14. Pusionella nifat, Brug. ‘Kiener, Fusus, t.'23, f. Ts t. 24, £..2,. « ; ; : : : : : . 235 PLATE 32. 15. Perrona taxus, Chemn. Kiener, Iconog., t. 10, f.1, . 231 16. Pleurotoma difficilis, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 8, 1879, . 173 17. Bela fidicula, Gould. Moll. Wilkes Exped., f. 284, . 222 18.. Bela subluta, Gould. Ihbid., f. 286, : . 222 19. Drillia tiarella, Kiener (=nigerrima, Sowb.). Iconog. A tore te OPA Ne 196 20. Clathurella granulosissima, “'Tenison-Woods. Speci- men, cee hie : : . 282 21. Lachesis minima, Mont. Jour. de Conch, tos, fade 1868,. : : : ; . 3 . 294 22. Ibid., t. 5, f Dy USGS. ee. : : 5 : . 225 23: jimaleeie candidissima. Phil. Lhidsetabyi 4S tieer eee 24. Lachesis mamillata, Risso (= minima). Tbids;st:55, f. 6, 1868, 4 : : : - ; « 224% 25. Lachesis Foline, Phil. Phils Moll. Sicil;, ats 27),1. LE Ae kia oe . 225 26. Lachesis meridionalis, Smith. Zool. Proc., “1881, t. s TOs rs ” 996 27. Clathurella sculptilior, Tenison- Woods. Specimen, . 282 28. Daphnella nana, Loven. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., t. 112 MP Big ie, Rees 5) aoe Daphnella delicatula, Tenison- Woods. " Specimen, . 302 30. Clathurella volutella, Kiener Se inflata). Kiener, Teonog., t-2ant. lo. 274 31. Daphnella ‘teres, Forbes = anceps, Eichw.). Forbes and (Hanley, tras, i 2h. . 313 32. Mangilia albida, Desh. Expl. Morée, t. 19; f. 2 22, . 245 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 411 FIGURE. PAGE. 33. Mangilia Sandriana, Brusina (— Paciniana). Jahrb. Mal. Gesell., i, t. 10, f. 5, . . 243 34. Clathurella Cordieri, Payr. Payr., Moll. Corse., t. 1, i 1! . 275 35. Bela rufa, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, t. 112, ie 3, . 224 36. Surcula astricta, Reeve. Weinkauff, Kiister, t. 9, 1.4, 240 37. Mangilia coarctata, Forbes and Hanley (2s costata). Forbes and Hanley, t. iE ts en ee ee . 244 38 Drillia erenularis, Lam. Weinkauff, Kuster, t. 10, EaGo Lis 39. Clavatula patruelis, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 19, e 10, 1879, : : : ; 5 . 230 40. Clathurella felina, Hinds. Voy Sulphur, t..1; f4) ) 292 41. Drillia acuminata, Migh. Martens, Don. Bism., '. 1 oe eLO 42. Drillia inermis, Hinds. ‘Voy. Sulphur, t. 5, f. 3 . 182 43. Drillia duplicata, Weinkauff (— maura). Kiister, t. 10, a ae als 44, Delia, lanceolata, Reeve: Martens, Mittheil. she Os f. 4a, 181 45,46. Drillia aterrima, Sowb. Weinkauff, Kiister, 1 19, 3 dE ol Ws ae . 194 47. Mangilia czerulans , Apellius as Bertrandi). “Bull. Mal. Ital., Het: 40% i : 244 48. Drillia Beckii, Weink. (= unizonalis). Weinkauff, Kiis- ter, t. 13,f.4, . . 186 49. Mangilia melanostoma, Garrett (—angicostata), Proc. Philad. Acad. BL Bae f, 40, 1873, : . 252 50. Mangilia pygmea, Dunker. Moll. Japon., t. Leaf 8, . 25T PLATE 33. 51. Halia Priamus, Meusch. Jour. de Conch., 2d ser., iii, t. Sta3, : . : ; 2 : . 162 52. Bela rugulata, “Moll. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 8, f. 134; p, proboscis : a, intestine ; 7, unciniferous sac, contain- ing the radula ; v, poison gland; b, its excretory canal, : ; é : . . 151 53. Spirotropis carinata, Phil. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 9, f.11, 155 54. Pleurotoma babylonia, Linn. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 3, i. 12, . 154 55. Bela rugulata, Moll. Sars, Moll. Norv. sts 8, f. 136, . 156 56, 57. Clathurella Leufroyi, Mich. Ibid. Pe 8, f. ZO. 5. LOO 58. Clionella Buccinoides, Lam. Stimson, Am. Jour. monehsit. 0) 1.13... : , : ‘ ; . 158 59. Surcula nodifera, Lam. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 3, f. te 158 60. Bela rugulata, MOll. SR eee Sars, Moll. Norv., 23, f. ee A . 219 412 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE, 61. Clathurella formosa, cs Zool. Proc., t. 44, f. 9, 1883, 62. Mangilia Companoyi, B.D.D. Moll. Rouss., t. 15, f, 20, 63. Bela Novaja-Semljensis, Leche. Sven. Handl. , Xvi, t. 1, i157, : ; A : 2 : 64. Bela Americana, Packard. Bost. Memoirs, i, t. 7, f. 11, 65. Bela Trevellyana, Turton. Forbes and Hanley, t. 112, f. 2 : Daphnella nebula, " Montg., ‘var. levigata. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch.., t. ‘1, f..3, . Lachesis recondita, Brugn. = vulpecula, Mts.). Brug. none, f. 15, . Clathurella rude, Phil. — clathrata, Marcel). Phil., Moll. Sicil., i, t. 11, f 16, . Bela impressa, Beck. Leche, Sven. Handl. WE i,t. z; f. 16, . Bela Mirchi, Leche —— Schantarica). Ibid., t21; 'f. 18, . Mangilia bicinctula, Nevill (= Boakei). Jour. As. Soc. Beng., xl, (Pied og Bl AS . Bela Jenisensis, Leche (= pyramidalis). Leche, Sven. | Handl., xvi, . ie iY . Bela exigua _ Jeffreys. Zool. Proc. , t. 44, f. 10, 1883, . Clathurella ‘semiplicata, Bon. (= stria). Phil., Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26, f. 18, PLATE 34. . Bela Cunninghami, Smith (— subluta). Zool. Proc., t. 4, f. 1, 1881, . Bela Schantarica, Middendorff. Reise, t. 12, f. 18, . Mangilia costata, Forbes and Hanley. Forbes and Hanley, t. 1144, f. 4, . Lachesis Japonica, A. Ad. Zool. Proc. it. 20 £29 1879, . Drillia ostrearum, Stearns. Specimen, . Pleurotoma virginea, Val. Kiener, Iconog., t. 21, 3 2, . Bela rufa, Gould (= pyramidalis). Gould, Invert, Mass. Ist ed., £192 . Pleurotoma Philipineri, Tenison-Woods. Specimen, 3. Daphnella subvitrea, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 43, 1879, : Mangilia stellata, Stearns. Specimen, . Clatturella concinna, Seacchi. Cat., f. 18, 3. Mangilia pyramis, Hinds. Reeve, Icon. £ sips ; . Drillia castanea, Reeve. W einkauff, Kiister, t. 22, £. 4, . Mangilia unifasciata, Desh. Expl. ’ Moree, t. 19,f. 34. . Drillia pygmea, Dunker. Specimen, : . Drillia Traillii, Hutton. Specimen, PAGE - 297 245 ————— ae ee a FIGURE. Clathurella Sinclairi, Smith. Specimen, . Zafra pupoidea, Ad. Zool. Proc., t. 3, f. 27, 1872, Drillia minuta, Tenison-W oods. ‘Specimen, Borsonia crassicostata, Pease. Specimen, Daphnella fuscoligata, Dall. Specimen, Mangilia striosa, C. B. Ad. Specimen, Mangilia ordinaria, Smith. Specimen, Clathurella mutica, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, t. i f. ig; Clathurella incrusta, Tenison-Woods (— Letourneux- _ Specimen, ; Daphnella atrostyla, Dall Ee cerina, Kurtz and Stimp- 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. _ jana). son, var.). _ Drillia thea, Dall. . Drillia leucocyma, Dall (— zebra, var.). Specimen, . Surcula olivacea, Sowb. Weinkauff, Conch. Cab., t. 8, fos 1883, 1883, REFERENCE TO PLATES. . Bela Aleutica, Dall. . Bela Alaskensis, Dall. Specimen, . Drillia limonitella, Dall. Specimen, . Pleurotoma Jeddoensis, Jouss. Bull. Soc. Zool. Prance, Specimen, Specimen, Specimen, . Drillia Bellardi, Tapecane: Bull. Boe Zool. France, - Drillia Clevei, Jousseaume. “Tbid., . Drillia makimonos, J ousseaume. Ibid., . Drillia Pouloensis, Jousseaume. I[bid., . Mitromorpha Floridana, Dall. Specimen, - . Conus Cailliaudi, Jay. Ann. N.Y. Lyc., iv, t. 10, f. ‘3, 15. _ organs semisculpta, Nevill. Jour, Asiat. 'Soc., t. 8, f ag Pettey ie CONIDZ. wat, Sadia RPS B® ge eres _— ee Me ind = 3 om PLATE 2. , >, ; ie i rien) rT ee a) ce : ) 47> ld 1 ‘Te @ 4 t ‘ ‘i { wea : 4 oe ee 2 d F| i ' . a . . , N ' r a4) hal \ CONIDZ. Dette = Mme we emeees O al annem RE —— _— _ soe. meer reels PLATE 4. CONID£2. III DED DOE EEE OE a a A “ ay. r : : sd ~ y “si : , y . Soe f 1 @ > hes 7 ‘ ; 4 7 ‘ si . ‘ \ P j CONIDZ. PLATE 6. CONIDZ. Kes 48 rh) af ete PLATE 7. CONID£Z. PLATE 8. . CONID. * eravens gegeere a Ay bag x PLATE 9. CONIDZ. 7 t Ve eM Ar = 7 j ‘ je ee ae en \ Me ail DD es to is LW " as, ten 7" At. 5 J ‘ | é ‘" ah haa hi oa : 7 toe' y : A ie . * ’ . 4 ‘ ¥ ’ ' PLATE 105 Mein. MER en f Nee sii Ts a er a as se ' . i y, , i . 5 : \ ¥ ‘ . ' ii wv i 1 7. sf % ‘ - ae f ( \ ' | ° 3 F & ‘ i } s = « ‘ 4 n L r ~F 4 CONID. PLATE 11. CONIDZ. PLATE 12. r es 4 1 ¥ go) 4 Sip, a? 7] ., This a ? : ‘ hs i ‘1 a s ' . 4 ' . 4 7 . oF PLATE 13. CONIDZ. ! » Q Nw J 4 - ; . iilicg ae ial me : . ; a Bee } aes Ds ale ca dal ‘ doe) Said Y \¢ i I i * F . A 4 f ' ‘ ~~ = a Y i «i i PLATE 14. CONID4. PLATE 15. CONID. ) FLAT E, AG: CONIDZ. PLATE 17. CONID=. r G oo H ‘ \ had ue r i r vee ‘ hor p a a ‘ ; F 5 i bs . bi ' - ‘ . , . * a = 7 \ Fi f \ R = Z 0 0 a PLATE 19. CONID£. - , i ¥ s 7 ir ht 4 ne ian : % . ro L #) z : = t ‘ . PLATE 20. , PLATE 21. PLATE 22. CONID4. PLATE 23. oD fo>) CONID. PLATE 24. CONIDZ. CONIDZ. PLATE 25. PLATE 26. CONIDZ. PLATE 27, CONIDZ. . Mi < D PY 7 .- <4 } os = 4 . ; . ~ . 7, . rs . x PLATE 28. CONIDZ. ’ oe ea eee We = Z ‘ i + 8 yh * 7 * = at ‘ " . ' . , . 4 ’ te a . ‘ ' * i ' - \ , ‘ y 5 PLATE 29. CONIDZ. Py PLATE 30. CONIDZ. CONIDZ. PLATE 1. PLEUROTOMID€., PLATE 2. PLEUROTOMID£. PLATE 3. PLEUROTOMID&, PLEUROTOMID~. ae oe Wp) ie)