LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS MANUAL OP ONCHOLOGY; STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SPECIES. BY GEORGE W, TRYON, JR. CONTINUED BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. . XII. STOMATELLID^E, SCISSURELLID/E, PLEUROTOMARIID^, HALIO- TID/E, SCUTELLINID^E, ADDISONIID^, COCCULINIIJLE, FISSURELIJD/E. PHILADELPHIA: Published by the Conehologieal Section, ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, COR. IQTH AND RACE STS. 1890. LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS BINDER & KELLY, PRINTERS, 518 AND 520 MINOR STREET, PHILADELPHIA. The present volume is devoted to those families of the suborder Rhipidoglossa which have not already been included in the MANUAL. The sequence in which the families of this group have been mono- graphed, is, owing to causes not controlable by the writer, not entirely natural ; a better arrangement is given in the appendix. The terms used in descriptions are the same as in the previous volume : spiral indicating a direction parallel to the volutions, longitudinal meaning parallel to the axis of the shell. The writer is aware that some authors have given these terms a different sig- nification ; making longitudinal a synonym of spiral, and substi- tuting transverse for sculpture parallel to the shell-axis ; But the word transverse has also been used by A. Adams and others, in. a sense synonymous with spiral. The words longitudinal and trans- verse have thus come to mean " all things to all men." Disclaiming any intention or desire to criticize the usage of other malacologists, the writer has adopted the nomenclature preferred by a majority of English and continental authors ; merely noting in this place the diametrically opposed senses in which authors have employed these descriptive terms. H. A. P. Philadelphia, April, 1890. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY. MONOGRAPHS OF THE FAMILIES STOMATELLIDJE, SCISSURELLID^E, HALIOTID^E, Etc. Family STOMATELLIDJC A. Adams, 1850. Stomatiida of Fischer and others, is synonymous. Shell either spiral, subglobose, depressed, or haliotis-shaped, or non-spiral and limpet-like ; imperforate ; aperture very large, pearly inside ; muscle-impression cresceutic, open in front. Animal with a broad foot, longitudinally divided by a median line below, and tuberculate above. Muzzle broad, ending distally in an oval disc, the mouth rounded ; tentacles long, pointed ; eyes on short heavy peduncles outside and behind the tentacles ; epipodium prominent, fleshy, with or without cirri ; frontal lobes present ; mantle-edge simple or reflexed and foliated; not slit in front. Operculum small, horny, thin, multispiral, often wanting. Gill a single curved plume on the left or outer side of the mantle cavity, its distal third free. Verge wanting. Formula of teeth (00.1) 5. 1. 5 (1.00). A family of small, brilliantly nacreous shells closely allied to Trochidse but with fewer whorls, and larger aperture. There have been considerable differences observed between the animals of various 'genera of Stomatellidce ; under Stomatella I have described the animal examined by myself. These shells tell very clearly the story of the origin of limpet-like types in the Rhipidoglossa. From Stomatella we can trace by a chain of closely allied forms, the uncoiling of the spire and increase of the body-whorl to Stomatia, Gena, and finally Broderipia, where some species have the form of typical Patella. The monographic works on Stomatellidce are as follows : (5) b STOMATELLID^E. An arrangement of Stomatellidse, including the characters of a new genus and of several new species. By Arthur Adams, R. N., F. L. S., etc. This paper was published in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1850, and Annals and Magazine of Nat. Hist, vii, 1851. Monograph of Stomatellinse, a subfamily of Trochidse. By A. Adams, in Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. ii (1855). Monographs of Stomatella, Stomatia, Gena and Broderipia, by G. B. Sowerby Jr., in Reeve's Conchologia Iconica, vol. xix, April, 1874. Synopsis of Genera. Genus STOMATELLA Lamarck, 1819. Shell imperforate, spiral, orbicularly depressed ; spire elevated but short, conic ; whorls rounded not plicate below sutures, .the last forming the greater part of the shell ; surface spirally ribbed, variegated ; aperture large, wider than long, pearly inside ; oper- culum circular, multispiral, horny. Type, S. imbricata Lam. Subgenus SYNAPTOCOCHLEA Pilsbry, 1890. Shell oval, intermediate between Stomatella and Gena in contour ; spire very short, sub-marginal ; surface spirally striated or decus- sated ; aperture very large, longer than wide. Operculate. Type, 8. montrouzieri Pilsbry. Subgenus NIPHONIA A. Adams, 1860. Shell depressed-globose, thin, imperforate ; 'whorls rapidly increas- ing ; aperture large, circular ; peristome duplicated, outer margin thin, acute, ascending on the last whorl, inner margin thickened, continuous with outer lip. (Ad.) Type, N. pulchella Ad. Genus PHANETA H. Adams, 1870. Shell imperforate, trochiform ; spire of few whorls, the last car- mated, expanded ; base depressed ; aperture ample, rounded, an- teriorly subsinuated, pearly inside; columella revolute, acute; per- istome simple, straight. (Ad.) Type, P. everetti Ad. Borneo. A fluviatile mollusk. Genus STOMATIA (Helbling) Lamarck, 1801. Shell spiral, oblong or depressed orbicular ; spire prominent but short ; surface tubercled or keeled ; whorls with a series of short STOMATELLA. 7 folds below the suture ; aperture either oblong or transversely oval, and longer than wide or the reverse ; pearly inside. No operculum. Type, 8. phymotis Helbling. East Indies. Subgenus MICROTIS H. & A. Adams, 1850. Shell spiral, suborbicular, depressed, with two tuberculated ridges ; spire slightly projecting; aperture very large, wider than long, pearly within ; coluinellar margin spiral, visible as far as the apex of the spire. Operculum none. (Ad.) Type, M. tuber culata Ad. Philippines; New Caledonia; Paumotus. Genus GEN A Gray, 1850. Shell subspiral, Haliotis-shaped, oblong ; spire minute, sub-lateral surface smooth or striated ; aperture very large, nearly as long as the shell, pearly within. Operculum none. Type, G. planulata Lam. Indian Ocean to Central Pacific. Subgenus PLOCAMOTIS Fischer, 1885. Shell polished, the body-whorl not striated as it is in typical Gena, and the animal with epippdial cirri. Type, G. Icevis Pease. Genus BRODERIPIA Gray, 1847. Shell oval, limpet-shaped, bilaterally symmetrical when adult, the apex either subcentral or posterior, and either remaining as a minute recumbent spiral or lost in the adult shell. Interior brilliantly iridescent or almost deprived of nacre. Type, B. rosea Brod. S. Pacific and Indian Oceans. Genus STOMATELLA Lamarck, 1819. Stomatella'LA.-Ai. (Philos. ZooL, 1809, mentioned but not described, and no species cited) Anim. s. Vert. vol. vi, p. 209, 1819. First species, 8. imbricata Lam. The smaller foot, provided with an operculum separates this genus from Stomatia and Gena. Several species referred to Euchelus have a great likeness to the shells of this genus, partaking of the form and sculpture to a remarkable extent. E. cancellatus Krauss is an example of this. That species is however umbi Heated, and seems to belong rather to the Trochidce than to Stomatella. An examination 8 STOMATELLA. of the anatomy only can definitely settle this point. There seems to be an almost perfect transition in some species of Stomatia to this genus ; in these again, we await a knowledge of the animal to definitely group them. There is also a certain analogy between some Stomatellce, such as S. coccinea, and the species of Gena having carinated upper whorls, G. rosea for example. The transition to Stomatia seems to be formed by S. notata Ad. and other forms of that group. The writer has given the results of an examination of an alcoholic specimen of the animal of Stomatella Godeffroyi Dkr. (—8. mariei Crosse, var.) in Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila., 1890. Part of the figures are reproduced on pi. 22, figs. 30-33. The foot is broad and fleshy, deeply divided by a median longitudinal groove and transversely wrinkled, emarginate posteriorly. Its upper surface is granulate and tuberculate. The muzzle is rather broad, transversely wrinkled, ending in a flat, oval disc, the mouth about in the center ; tentacles stout but tapering ; eyes on peduncles outside and a little above the bases of the tentacles ; these peduncles are short and stout. The epipodial ridge commences on a short triangular lobe behind the right eye-peduncle ; the edges of this lobe are somewhat upturned, like a short trough. Along the sides of the foot the ridge is prom- inent, fleshy ; and bears two short slender cirri ; it terminates posteriorly at the operculigerous lobe. On the specimen before me there is no operculum, and the hind margin of the foot is upturned partly over the lobe, probably from contraction in alcohol. There are two minute frontal lobes between the tentacles, not connected across the muzzle. No external male organ was observed. The gill is single, composed of numerous (about 130) narrow plates, arranged in one series, its anterior third free. The anus opens at the summit of a short peduncle. The radula bears a general resemblance to that of some Trochidce. The rhachidian tooth has a broad expanded base, narrowed, reflexed and denticulated at apex ; the laterals (5 on each) are quite compli- cated in form (see Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890) ; their cusps are well reflexed and denticulate. The inner uncinus has a very broadly expanded, triangular body and narrow cusp ; the following uncini are narrow, not notably different from the usual conformation in Rhipidoglossa. The outer uncini have very long, serrate cusps. The figures on pi. 22 are considerably enlarged. A specimen collect- STOMATELLA. 9 ed by the Godeffroy expedition years ago, No. 60696 of the Academy register, furnished these notes. The species may be grouped by shell-characters into three or four sections, as follows : Group of S. imbricata Lam. Shell depressed ; aperture excessively oblique ; sculpture consisting of close, equal spiral cords. Group of S. sulcifera Lam. Shell globose depressed ; aperture less oblique ; surface nearly smooth, or with alternately larger and smaller spiral riblets, the interstices obliquely latticed by lines of increment. Group of S. mariei Crosse. Shell depressed, rather flattened above and below ; aperture quite oblique ; sculpture consisting of numerous spirals, of which several are low carinse, more numerous inter- mediate riblets, and still more numerous interstitial spiral striae; sometimes decussated by growth-lines. Group of S. coccinea Ad. Small species, resembling the last group somewhat. The first three groups are East Indian in distribution, the last one is West Indian. NOTE: — The diagram on pi. 51, figs. 4, 5, illustrates the method of measurement adopted for the species of Stomatella. The vertical line d. e., is the altitude ; the line /., c. the diameter ; the radii are measured from a. to b. and from b. to c. A. Oriental species. ( Group of S. imbricata Lam.} > 8. IMBRICATA Lamarck. PI. 55, fig. 62 ; pi. 51, figs. 4, 5. Shell very much depressed, solid, white with scattered dots of red- dish ; surface covered with very numerous, close, equal spiral riblets, separated by deep interstices, and closely finely scaly. Spire low, short ; whorls 4, widening with extreme rapidity. Aperture sub- horizontal, transverse-oval, lined with a closely sulcate silvery and iridescent nacre; columella broad, flattened, a little eoncave, its edge arched and thin. Alt. 18, diam. maj. 34 mill. ; aperture, breadth 24, oblique alt. 24 ' mill. Port Adelaide, Port Jackson and Torres Sts., Australia; Java. Stomatella imbricata LAM., Anirn. s. Vert, vi, p. 209. — DESHAYES Encycl. Meth. iii, p. 984, t. 450, f. 2.— A. AD. in Sowerby Thes. -Conch, ii, p. 833, t. 174, f. 1.— ANGAS, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 218.— WAT- 10 STOMATELLA. SON, Challenger Kept., p. 111. — Stomatia imbricata SOWB., Genera ii, t. 143, f. 1. — S. imbricata Lara. BRAZIER, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii, p. 46. One of the largest species. The very depressed form, nearly horizontal aperture and closely, evenly spiralled surface distinguish it. (Group of S. sulcifera Lam.) S. PAPYRACEA Chemnitz. PI. 52, figs. 46, 47 ; pi. 51, fig. 9. Shell globose, thin, obliquely conoidal, fawn colored, with a series of short markings at the periphery alternately reddish and. white, and narrow girdles on the spirals of fine arrow-shaped articulations. Surface shining, polished, spirally sculptured by numerous low wide riblets ; striae of increment fine. The spire is conical, small, acute; whorls 5 to 6, the last very rapidly enlarging, those of the spire with narrow sharp spiral lirse decussated by close raised longitudinal striae. Aperture oval, acutely angular above, not very oblique, brilliantly iridescent inside, and lightly sulcate ; columella deeply arcuate, umbilical region covered by an opaque, white, arcuately striated callus, its outer edge well defined. Alt. 25, diam. 28 mill. ; aperture, breadth 18, oblique alt. 20 mill. Sooloo Archipelago (A. Ad.); Moluccas (Gould). Cochlea lunaris papyracea fragilissima, etc., CHEMNITZ, ConchyL Cab. v, p. 215, t. 182, f. 1817, 1818 (178l~).—Stomatella papyracea Chemn., A. AD. in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 836, 1. 174, f. 4, 5. — SOWERBY in Reeve's Conch. Icon, xix, f. 3. — Stomatella tumida GOULD, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. iii, p. 74, 1849 ; U. S. Expl. Exped. Moll., p. 209, f. 249. The animal, according to Adams, has a horny operculum and although bulky is able to retract entirely within the shell. The shell is smoother, more polished than any other large species ; the umbilical callus is also notable. The S. tumida of Gould is figured on pi. 51, fig. 9. S. BACONI A. Adams. PI. 52, figs. 38, 39. Shell oval-orbicular, subturbinate ; spire produced, apex acute ; whorls concave above ; dull white, variegated with reddish-brown, transversely spirally sulcate, the interstices longitudinally striated ; aperture sulcate within ; inner lip a little thickened, white, reflexed^ STOMATELLA. 11 concentrically striate. Smaller than S. papyracea, more solid, and more sharply sculptured. Swan River (Mus. Cuming). S. baconi A. AD., P. Z. S. 1853, p. 73 ; in. Sowb., Thes. Conch, ii, p. 838, t. 174, f. 25, 26.— SOWERBY in Conch. Icon., f. 16. This seems to me a variety of the papyracea. The whorls are clouded with rufous, and the lirse are minutely articulated. The sculpture, especially the longitudinal striae, are decidedly stronger and sharper than in S. papyracea. S. SULCIFERA Lamarck. PI. 52, fig. 59. Shell orbicular, rather thin, the spire short, conoidal, grayish or pinkish, with narrow reddish-brown irregular longitudinal stripes, often broken into dots on the spirals. Sculpture of narrow spiral riblets with interstitial smaller threads, the interstices finely latticed by raised close longitudinal stria?. Whorls about 4, the last H very rapidly widening, descending anteriorly. Aperture large, oblique, oval, lightly sulcate within and brilliantly iridescent, with red, sky- blue and green reflections, neither predominating. Columella arcuate, thin, with a new-moon shaped flat white or slightly irides- cent tract bounding it. Alt. 19, diam. 22 mill.; aperture, breadth 15?, oblique alt. 19 mill. ; greater radius 17, lesser 6. Philippines. S. sulci/era LAM., An. s. Vert., p. 210. — DELESSERT, Kec. de Coq., t. 33, f. 3.— ADAMS, in P. Z. S. 1850, p. 30 ; in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 833, t. 174, f. 3.— SOWER.BY in Conch. Icon., f. 11. This is a less globose shell than S. papyracea or baconi, with more oblique aperture and rougher sculpture. From most species having alternately larger and smaller spirals and latticed sculpture it is separated by the more globose body-whorl and the greater difference between the longer and shorter radii, the ratio being about 3 to 1, more or less. S. ELEGANS Gray. PI. 51, figs. 15, 16, 10 ; pi. 53, figs. 78, 79. Shell oblong, rather depressed, white, black-spotted, showing the pearl through the semitransparent outer coat, closely and regularly spirally striated and concentrically wrinkled. Spire small, conical ; whorls rounded, convex ; the last very rapidly enlarging. Mouth oblong, spread out twice as wide as the diameter* of the last whorl 12 STOMATELLA. but one ; the pillar less arched, flattened. The axis imperforate< Throat silvery pearly, smooth. (Gray.') Raine's Island, N. Australi 8. elegans GRAY, in Appendix to Narrative of the Voyage of I M. S. Fly ii, p. 359, Marine sh., t. 2, f. 1, 1847.— SOWERBY i Conch. Icon., f. 27a, b. Fig. 10, of pi. 51, is copied from Gray's original figure. Figs. 7 79, pi. 53 are from Sowerby. I have represented on pi. 51, figs. 15, 1 a specimen before me which I believe to be the same species. Cor pared with S. sulcifera it has far more rapidly widening last whorl ar wider aperture ; the sculpture is much finer. The surface is du whitish, very irregularly streaked with purplish. The sculpture scarcely visible (except as fine spiral strise) except under a lens ; the there are seen very numerous unequal or nearly equal spiral thread slightly crenelated by excessively dense, close incremental elevat( strise, which are irregular, somewhat tortuous and elevated in tl inter-liral spaces. The spirals are narrower and the strise coarse more distant, on the upper surface ; at the periphery the spirals a wider, the -strise of increment excessively fine and close. The ape ture is silvery inside, with reflections chiefly of red and blue ; the nac is almost smooth ; the columella has a new-moon shaped white tra as in S. sulcifera. Alt. 16, diam. 25 mill. ; aperture, breadth 18, oblique alt. ] mill. ; greater radius 20, lesser 6£ mill. S. LYRATA (A. Ad.) Pilsbry. PI. 2, figs. 3, 4, 5. Shell depressed-globose, thin but solid, pinkish, with dots of de< brown or black and white on the spiral riblets. Spire short ; su ures deeply impressed ; surface of whorls encircled by narrow spir lirse, separated by spaces about 1 mill, wide (in a specimen of ] mill, diam.), these interstices closely latticed by oblique raised stri; and bearing on the last part of the whorl from one to three rninu spiral interstitial threads. There are about 16 principal threads ( the body whorl of the largest specimen before me, but this charact is extremely variable. Whorls 3, convex, the last descendin Aperture large, very oblique, rounded-oval, nacreous, iridesce and slightly sulcate within, corresponding to the sculpture of t] outside ; columella arcuate, narrow, flattened. Alt. 11, diam. 15 mill. ; aperture oblique alt. 11, breadth 10 mi Japa STOMATELLA. 13 Several specimens of this well-marked form are before me, procured from various sources, and under various names, one of which is S. lyrata Ad. I do not find any description of such a species by Adams, and doubt its existence. Specimens of the species now before me were received by Mr. Tryon from Arthur Adams under the name of " S. elegans Gray." S. CUMINGII A. Adams. PI. 52, fig. 67. Shell auriform, imperforate ; spire depressed ; whitish, buff glisten- ing, transversely spirally ribbed, the ribs elevated, subequal, crenelated, articulated with reddish-brown, the interstices or- namented with delicate longitudinal lamellae; aperture patulous, sulcate within ; inner lip subreflexed. This is a large and elegant species, with a peculiar yellowish glistening tinge in the intervals between the spiral rugose ribs ; the aperture is very transverse, and the inner lip is reflexed on the columella. (Ad.) Habitat unknown. S. cumingii AD. P. Z. S. 1853, p. 74; in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 834, t. 175, f. 38.— SOWEKBY in Conch. Icon., f. 32. S. ARTICULATA A. Adams. PI. 52, fig. 43. Shell suborbicular, imperforate, convex, thin, grayish, with trans- verse ribs articulated with black, the interstices with elevated lon- gitudinal lines ; spire rather prominent ; whorls rounded ; aperture oblong oval, longer than wide. (Ad.) Australia; Lord Hood's Island, on pearl oysters;' Japan. S. articulata AD., in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 834, t. 174, f. 2. — SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 22.— DKR., Ind. Moll. Mar. Jap., p. 145. Like S. sulcifera in form, but with strongly cancellated sculpt- ure. S. MACULATA Quoy & Gaimard. PI. 51, figs. 17, 18, 19; pi. 52., figs. 60, 61. Shell small, oval, inflated, with rounded prominent spire of 4 whorls. It is very delicately striate longitudinally and transversely, pale yellow, marbled with brown and reddish-brown. The col- umellar margin is flattened. The regularly oval aperture is nacreous and striate within. Longitudinal diam. 9?, transverse diam. 7 lines. Operculum very thin. (Q. & G.) Island of Vanikoro ; Bet Id., Torres Sts. (Brazier). 14 STOMATELLA. S. maculata Q. & G., Voy. de 1'Astrolabe, Zoologie iii, p. 305, t. 66 bis, f. 13-16. — / 8. maculata AD., in Sowb., Thes. Conch, ii, p. 834, t. 175, f. 32-34.— BRAZIER, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii, p. 46. I am not sure that the S. maculata of A. Adams is the same. His figures from the Thesaurus are copied on pi. 52, figs. 60, 61. Speci- mens were collected on Luzon, Philippines, by Mr. Cuming, accord- ing to Adams. S. MONILIFERA A. Adams. PL 53, fig. 92. Shell suborbicular, convexly depressed, imperforate, whitish, spotted with rufous, and ornamented with transverse close-set granular ribs ; aperture oblique, subcircular. (Ad.) Habitat unknown. S. monilifera AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 30 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 834, t. 174, f. 13.— SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 7. S. MALUKANA A. Adams. PL 53, fig. 95. Shell suborbicular, imperforate, convex, transversely sulcate, longitudinally striate, encircled by transversely striated riblets, yellowish brown variegated with rufous-brown, below with reddish and white articulated ribs ; spire rather prominent, aperture oval, longer than wide. This is a solid orbicular rather depressed species, variegated with reddish-brown, and with the whorls adorned with transverse striated ribs. (Ad.) Moluccas. S. malukana AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 31 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 837, t. 174, f. 17.— SOWB., in Conch. Icon., f. 24. S. CLATHRATULA A. Adams. PL 53, fig. 94. Shell imperforate, turbinate-depressed, spire a little elevated, whorls convex, transversely lirate, articulated with red, crenulated, the interstices closely latticed ; umbilical region impressed ; col- umella thick, reflexed ; aperture moderate, rounded pearly within. (Ad.) Habitat unknown. S. clathratula AD., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 133.— SOWB., in Conch. Icon., f. 31. S. COMPTA A. Adams. Unfigured. • Shell Haliotis-shaped, orbiculate-depressed, brown, vividly iri- descent within ; spire rather obtuse ; whorls convex, longitudinally STOMATELLA. 15 obliquely striated, transversely lirate, the lirse unequal, some more prominent and nodulose ; umbilical tract impressed ; columella acute, aperture suborbicular. A well-defined thin brown species, with transverse elevated nodulose lin£ and with the interior of the aperture vividly iridescent. {Ad., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 133.) Habitat unknown. S. DORI^E Issel. PI. 51, figs. 6, 7, 8. Shell fragile, thin, orbiculate-conoid, much depressed, imperforate, transversely minutely striate-costulate, whitish painted with irregular chestnut spots ; spire obtuse ; whorls 4, convex, separated by im- pressed sutures ; first narrow, slowly increasing, the last large, rather convex above, rounded beneath ; aperture very oblique, large, sub- rotund ; peristome interrupted, acute ; columellar margin a little reflexed at the insertion ; throat a little pearly. Alt. 2|, diam. 4J, diam. apert. 2f mill. (Issel.) Strait of Suez. Savigny, Descript. de 1'Egypte, Coq., t. v, f. 8. — Stomatella dorice ISSEL, Mai. Mar Kosso, p. 228, 1869. S. SCITULA H. Adams. PI. 53, fig. 93. Shell ear-shaped, thin, encircled by numerous unequal riblets, whitish ; spire prominent ; suture distinct ; whorls 4, convex ; aper- ture very oblique, suboval ; columella acute, revolute ; pearly inside. Alt. 3J, diam. 5, long. 7 mill. (Ad.*) Red Sea. S. scitula AD., P. Z. S. 1872, p. 10, t. 3, f. 4. ( Group of S. mariei Crossed) S. MARIEI Crosse. PI. 53, figs. 68, 69, 70, 71, 72. Shell depressed, thin, with small, erect, acute spire ; color a delicate pinkish fawn, clouded and mottled with reddish-brown, articulated on the spirals with white spots ; the base with radiating whitish flames. Surface scarcely shining, sculptured with separated nar- row spirals above, and very numerous finer ones covering the spaces between them ; striae of growth excessively close and fine, scarcely visible. The principal spiral threads are articulated white and pink, and a trifle crenulated ; base smoother, with separated linear spirals. The spire is short, its outlines concave ; apical whorl corneous, projecting, rounded ; following whorls of the spire lirate, 16 STOMATELLA. with scalloped sutures ; last whorl descending anteriorly, very broad ; aperture oval, finely sulcate within, nacreous, the predominant color being silvery or pinkish ; columella a little expanded above, over a minute umbilical chink, surrounded by a crescentic opaque white, sharply defined tract. Alt. 13, diam. 19 mill.; aperture, breadth 12, oblique alt. 1H mill. ; greater radius 13, lesser 6 mill. New Caledonia. S. mariei CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl. 1871, p. 329; 1872, t. 13, f. 13. The measurements given by Crosse are : alt. 9J, diam. maj. 24, min. 17 mill. The species is larger than S. sanguinea and differently sculptured. A form of this species bearing the (unpublished ?) name of S. Godeffroyi Dunker, is figured on pi. 1, figs. 12-14. It differs slightly from the type, but probably is not even varietally distinct. The animal is figured on pi. 22, and also in Proc. Phila. Acad. N. S., 1890. The last reference includes a figure of the dentition also. S. DECOLORATA Gould. PI. 51, figs. 12, 13, 14. Shell ear-shaped, depressed, rather rounded in outline, dead white above, with spots of milk-white and blotches of pale sanguineous especially near the suture ; whorls 4, forming an acute, moderately elevated spire, somewhat crenulated at sutures ; surface conspic- uously grooved, those above the periphery having 3 or 4 smaller striae intervening; beneath somewhat imbricated upwards, and barred in the intervals by the lines of growth, which do not pass over the ridges ; one-half the breadth of the base adjoining the col- umella is plain, without striae, banded by a raised and milk-white line ; a slight reflection of the columella against a minute perfora- tion ; aperture transverse, rounded-oval, nearly circular ; interior porcelain-white and shining. (Old.} Alt. 13, diam. 22 mill. Island of Mangsi (-=Mangaia /). S. decolorata GLD., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. iii, p. 73, 1848 ; U. S. Expl. Exped. Moll., p. 21.0, f. 250. Evidently allied to S. mariei, etc. I do not know the locality given by Gould. It may be Mangaia, one of the Cook Islands. S. ORBICULATA A. Adams. PI. 52, figs. 44, 45. Shell depressed, thin, with small acute spire; color greenish -gray, with radiating streaks of reddish, splitting and broken into spots STOMATELLA. 17 below the periphery, the spiral riblets dotted minutely with white. Surface lusterless, sculptured with narrow, acute, slightly granose spiral riblets, their interstices bearing numerous, unequal spiral strise or threads ; decussated by very close, fine striae of growth ; the spiral riblets obsolete in the center of the base. Whorls 5£, the apical 2 smooth, corneous, rounded ; the last large, rapidly increasing, briefly descending anteriorly ; aperture oblique, oval-quadrate, sulcate with- in, and pearly, the iridescence chiefly emerald-green within the throat, more silvery on outer lip ; columella narrowly reflexed over a minute umbilical chink, bordered by a crescentic white tract. Alt. 13, diam. 18 mill.; aperture, breadth 12, oblique alt. 11 mill. Darnley Id., Torres Sts. (Brazier), Mozambique (Cuming), Japan (Dkr.). S. orbiculata A. Ad. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 31 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 837, t. 174, f. 23, 24. — SOWERBY in Conch. Icon., f. 23. — BRAZIER, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii, p. 47. — BUNKER, Ind. Moll. Mar. Jap., p. 145. The colurneila and aperture are quite similar in form to 8. mariei; but the shell is much less depressed and more coarsely spiralled than that species. S. RUFESCENS Gray. PL 51, fig. 11. Shell suborbicular, rather depressed, brown. Spire conical, rather acute. Whorls rapidly enlarging, rather convex, concentrically striated with rather unequal acute spiral ridges, the upper whorls with two or three of the ridges larger and higher than the rest, the last with closer, less raised ridges in front. Mouth oblong, two- thirds the diameter of the shell in width, inner lip arched, edge crenulate. Axis imperforated ; throat silvery pearly, with a pale reddish edge. (Gray.) Maine's Island, N. Australia. S. rufescens GRAY, in Appendix to Jukes' Narrative of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Fly, ' ii, p. 360, t. 2, f. 2 (1847). S. SELECTA A. Adams. PI. 53, fig. 73. Shell Haliotis-shaped ; spire rather prominent ; subperforate, greenish, maculated and dotted with red, brown and white ; longitu- dinally obliquely striated, transversely lirated ; umbilical region white, smooth ; aperture vividly pearly within ; columella reflexed above, partly covering the umbilicus. 2 18 STOMATELLA. This is a species of great delicacy and beauty, most nearly allied to S. haliotidea of Sowerby, but with the umbilical region surrounded by a smooth white space and with the columellar margin reflexed and producing the appearance of an umbilicus. (Ad.) Habitat unknown. S. selecta AD., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 133.— Sows, in Conch. Icon., f. 29. S. FULGURANS A. Adams. PI. 52, fig. 42. Shell depressed, thin, with small, erect, acute spire ; light fawn- colored or grayish, with close narrow oblique stripes of reddish, as wide as their intervals ; surface lusterless, sculptured with very close, fine spiral striae, scarcely visible except under a lens ; there are also a few (3 or 4) slightly elevated carinse on the upper surface. These are scarcely noticeable. There are minute, close stride of growth, more prominent on the spire. The base is much smoother. Spire acute, apical whorl rounded projecting, brown. Whorls 5, the last very large, scarcely descending anteriorly. Aperture quite oblique, slightly sulcate within, the layer of nacre very thin ; col- umella a trifle expanded at the axis over a minute umbilical chink, bounded by a crescent-shaped white tract. Alt. 9, diam. 14 mill. ; aperture, breadth 9, oblique alt. 8! mill. ; breadth of columellar white crescent 21 mill. Philippines. S.fulgurans AD., P. S. Z. 1850, p. 32 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 837, t. 174, f. 12.— SOWERBY in Conch. Icon., f. 1. Very similar in contour to S. mariei, but differing in color and sculpture. S. SANGUINEA A. Adams. PL 53, figs. 85, 86. Shell depressed, thin, deep crimson colored, with a crescent of white bordering the columella. The sculpture consists of rather narrow, spaced, acute spiral cords, of which there are two larger ones on the upper surface (one at the shoulder), the spaces between occupied by intervening smaller spirals and very close, fine, micro- scopic spiral stride, decussated by finer radiating striae of increment ; the upper whorls with low, radiating, scarcely visible folds. The base is nearly smooth, having only fine separated spiral threads with flat inter-spaces, all sculpture becoming obsolete in the white cres- cent except the fine, very oblique growth-lines. The principal spirals of the upper surface are more or less distinctly beaded ; the STOMATELLA. 19 whorls of the spire show only two spiral carinse. The spire is short, acute. Whorls 4J, the last rapidly enlarging, descending toward the aperture. Aperture extremely oblique, oval, reddish, scarcely iridescent. Alt. 7, diam. 9-10 ; of aperture, breadth 7, oblique alt. 7 mill. ; greater radius 7, lesser 3 mill. Tieao, Philippines ; Viti Is. ; Upolu; Paumotus. S. sanguined AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 32 ; in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 835, t. 174, f. 30. — SOWERBY in Conch. Icon., f. 2. — S. notata A. AD. in Thes. Conch., p. 835, t. 174, f. 18-21.— SOWERBY in Conch. Icon., f. 12. — MARTENS & LANGKAVEL, Donum Bismarkianum, p. 49. — Stomatia depressa SOWB., Conch. Icon., f. 12, 1874. May be known by the bright coral red color, or white with lon- gitudinal stripes, usually broken into distinct squarish spots. The principal spirals above are granose. There is an astonishing amount of variation in degree of depression. It is an abundant Polynesian species. The nacreous layer is excessively thin, especially in the typical form. Var. NOTATA A. Ad. PI. 52, figs. 48, 49, 50, 51. White with longitudinal stripes or very distinct crimson or purplish spots, visible also within the aperture. Sometimes uni- colored white. Alt. 6, diam. 9 J ; alt. 5, diam. 8 ; alt. 5, diam. 7 mill. A mere color-form, not separable from the type by any constant characters. The color, size and proportions are very variable, as will be seen by comparing the measurements given. The greater and lesser radii in the most depressed specimen before me measure 3 and 5 mill. The Stomatia depressa of Sowerby, pi. 54, figs. 14, 15, seems to correspond with very depressed specimens of notata before me. S. SPECIOSA A. Adams. PL 51, fig. 25. Shell orbicu late-conic, white, spotted with blood-red ; transversely keeled, the keels obtuse, prominent, with other smaller keels between them, longitudinally strongly striate. Spire rather prominent, its whorls tri-carinate ; aperture oval, pearly within. (Ad.~) Grimwood's Island. S. speeiosa AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 32 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 835, t. 174, f. 29.— SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 9. 20 STOMATELLA. S. CANDIDA A. Adams. PI. 53, figs. 88, 89. Shell suborbiculate, depressed, white, transversely carinate all over, the riblets small, close, very numerous, a little elevated, sub- nodulose ; interstices very delicately striate ; spire rather depressed ; whorls- rounded ; aperture oblique, subcircular, longer than wide. A pure white species, orbiculately depressed, with numerous acute keels on the whorls, and with the spaces between the ribs finely striated. (Ad.) Corean archipelago, on coral reefs. S. Candida Ad., in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 136, t. 174, f. 22.— Sows. 4n Conch. Icon., f. 8. S. HALIOTOIDEA Sowerby. PI. 52, figs. 40, 41. Shell Haliotis-shaped, thin, apex acute, brown, painted with varied white and rufous, sometimes whitish spotted with green ; whorls rather flattened, transversely lirate, the lirse close, rather roughened ; umbilical region impressed, scarcely rimate ; aperture rounded-oval, oblique. Shell rather orbicular, with an acute apex, transversely lirate, and variously colored with red, green, brown and white. (Ad.) Philippines. S. haliotoidea (Sowb.) A. ADAMS, in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 837, f. 174, f. 10, 11. — SOWB., in Conch. Icon., f. 4. S. JAPONICA A. Adams. PL 53, fig. 97. Shell suborbicular, imperforate, convex, brown, transversely cost- ulate, the riblets close, noduled, the interstices very finely longitu- dinally striated ; spire rather prominent ; whorls costate, rounded ; aperture subcircular, pearly within. The aperture in this species is subcircular, and the whorls are rounded and transversely ribbed ; the color is brown, and the ribs are nodulous and close-set. (Ad.) Japan. S.japonica AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 31 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 838, t. 174, f. 14. — DUNKER, Moll. Jap., p. 23. — SOWB., in Conch. Icon., f.6. S. PALLIDA A. Adams. PL 53, fig. 82. Shell suborbicular with acuminate spire, white, painted with pale longitudinal rays, transversely lirate, the interstices decussately STOMATELLA. 21 striate ; aperture transverse, suboval, porcelaneous within ; inner lip nearly straight, callous. A species somewhat resembling in coloring striped varieties of S. notata, but which differs materially in form and sculpture. (Ad.) Lord Hood's Island. S. pallida AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 36 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 838, 1. 175, f. 44.— SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 19. S. BICARINATA A. Adams. PL 52, figs. 53, 54. Shell turbinate, umbilicate; spire produced; buff, ornamented with radiating green maculations ; whorls rather flattened, angular above, the last with two elevated carinse; transversely spirally striate ; aperture moderate, subtetragonal ; columella straight, scarcely callous anteriorly. This is a very pretty species, with a deep umbilicus and straight columella; the whorls are furnished with prominent keels, of which there are two on the last whorl ; the shell is ornamented with green blotches. (A d.) Moreton Bay, Australia. S. bicarinata AD., in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 839, t. 175, f. 39, 40.— SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 25. Perhaps is not a Stomatella. Compare Gibbula coxi Angas. S. BIPORCATA A. Adams. PL 52, fig. 52. Shell turbinate, subdepressed, red and white, obscurely variegated, transversely sulcate ; spire acuminate, whorls 4, the last with two prominent ridges ; aperture subquadrate, pearly within ; inner lip nearly straight ; outer lip bi-angulate in the middle ; umbilicus covered by a callous. A small red species, with two rounded ridges on the last whorl, and with a subquadrate aperture. (Ad.) Australia. S. biporcata AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 33 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 839, t. 175, f. 43.— SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 21. S. TIGRINA A. Adams. PL 53, fig. 84. Shell orbiculate-conic, perforate, whitish, ornamented with radiat- ing red stripes, bicarinate, carinae rather elevated obtuse, transversely striate, striae regular ; spire prominent, whorls angular ; aperture subcircular ; inner lip subreflexed, callous ; umbilicus distinct, nearly covered. 22 STOMATELLA. White, umbilicated, with radiating fuscous bands ; whorls with two elevated obtuse, transversely striated keels. (Ad.) Habitat unknown. S. tigrina AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 33 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 839, t. 175, f. 37.— SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 18. S. ARABIC A A. Adams. PL 52, figs. 57, 58. Shell ovate-globose, subturbinate, umbilicate, white closely va- riegated with red ; spire produced ; whorls lirate, the last ventricose, convex, transversely striated ; aperture open, suboval ; columella oblique ; umbilical region impressed ; lip white, thin, reflexed, partly covered the umbilicus. This is a small species, with the whorls round and simply striated ; the color and markings vary ; the ground however is usually white, with large irregular blotches. (Ad.) Red Sea. S. arabica AD., P. Z. S. 1853, p. 74; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 836, t. 174, f. 27, 28.— SOWB., Conch. Icon., f. 14. S. MARGARITANA A. Adams. PL 51, fig. 22. Shell turbinate ; spire elevated ; whorls rounded, red, longitu- dinally striate, transversely costulate, costulse subnodose, unequal ; aperture suborbicular ; pearly within ; lip semicircular ; umbilicus covered by a callous. A small red, transversely ribbed species, having very much the appearance of a Margarita. (Ad.) Australia. S. margaritana AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 33 ; in Sowb., Thes. Conch, ii, p. 839, t. 174, f. 31.— SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 17. S. CALLIOSTOMA A. Adams. PL 53, figs. 80, 81. Shell ovate-subturbinate, rim ate ; spire depressed; reddish, va- riegated with brown, transversely lirate, line elevated, unequal; aperture transversely oval, rosy within, iridescent; inner lip thin, acute, arcuate. The interior of the aperture in this species is of a beautiful reddish or violet tint ; externally the whorls are spirally lirate, and of a dull reddish-brown, variegated with markings of a darker color. (Ad.) Ceylon. S. calliostoma AD., P. Z. S. 1853, p. 74 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 840, t. 175, f. 41, 42.— SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 33. STOMATELLA. 23 S. MODESTA H. & A. Adams. PI. 53, fig. 83. Shell subcircular, imperforate, depressed, spire small ; whorls con- vex, transversely lirate, lirse unequal, articulated with gray, .some of them stronger ; aperture ovate, oblique, vividly iridescent-white within, clouded with gray. A neat lirate species, clouded with pale gray, and a few darker blotches at the sutures. (Ad.) Red Sea f S. modesta AD., P. Z. S. 1863, p. 433.— SOWB. Conch. Icon., f. 34. S. ELATA H. & A. Adams. PL 58, fig. 90. Shell orbiculate-conic, imperforate ; spire elevated, whitish, radi- ately painted with brown at the sutures, ornamented with sub- quadrate brown spots at the periphery ; transversely lirate, lirse un- equal, articulated with brown ; aperture subcircular, inner lip sub- calloused, reflexed. (Ad.) Habitat unknown. S. IRISATA Dufo. Unfigured. Animal covering a part of the shell with the mantle edges; exte- rior black. Shell very depressed, ear-shaped ; spire little elongated, but appar- ent ; aperture rounded, wider than long ; right margin striate with- in ; surface striate and granulate, white, with black bands and red points ; left side white ; interior subnacreous, with greenish bands. (Dufo.) Id. of Make, Seychelles. Dufo, Ann. des Sci. Nat. 1840, p. 201. S. MINIMA Dufo. Unfigured. Shell depressed, ear-shaped ; spire little conspicuous ; aperture oval, much wider than long ; the right margin smooth and acute, the left smooth and flat; outer surface not striate, white marbled with red ; interior not nacreous. (Dufo, I. c.) Make, Seychelles, on Avicula margaritifera, in 6 fms. Probably a Gena, allied to G. Icevis and G. lutea. S. NIGRA Anton. Unfigured. Obliquely oval, convex ; spire small, lateral ; black, the margins red-and- white striated ; aperture' oval-rounded, inner volutions 24 STOMATELLA. scarcely visible ; mouth slate-gray, the margins spotted with red and white. Breadth 1J, length 2 lines. (Anton.') Persian Gulf f on pearl oyster. Probably a Gena. B. Antillean species. S. COCCINEA A. Adams. PL 52, figs. 55, 56. Shell perforated, small, depressed, with short, conical spire ; deep crimson with a w'hite umbilical crescent, and often white spots at the periphery. The surface is slightly shining, encircled by numerous raised spirals, of which every 4th one is larger ; midway between these are smaller ones, and there are still finer spiral striae occupy- ing the interstices ; the whole decussated by fine striae of growth. There is an angle or carina midway between the periphery and sut- ure of the last whorl, which angulates the spire whorls. Spire short, conic ; suture impressed. Whorls 4, the apex smooth, white ; the last rapidly enlarging, subangular at periphery. Aperture red with- in, oblique ; inner lip gently curved, narrowly reflexed over but not concealing the umbilical chink. Umbilical tract white, impressed. Color, deep crimson, under a lens seen to be minutely, closely artic- ulated with lighter, especially on the spire, and often with a series of white dots scattered along the periphery. Alt. 3, diam. 4 mill. St. John's (Cuming), St. Thomas, and St. Croix, W. Indies. S. coceinea A. AD., P. S. Z. 1850, p. 33 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 840, t. 175, f. 35, 36.-rSowB. in Conch. Icon., f. 26.— KREBS, The West Indian Marine Shells, p. 85. A very distinct coral-red species, with white tipped apex and white umbilical crescent. The following seems to be a variety. Var. RUBROFLAMMULATA Pilsbry. PL 2, figs. 1, 2. Shell with the same sculpture and form ; umbilicus quite evident ; whorls of the spire minutely plicate just above the sutures; color white, with large, irregular red tracts or spots below the periphery. Alt. 4, diam. 5 mill. St. Thomas. This beautiful color-variety is very variable in markings. The figures represent the most usual pattern. Other shells have large irregular radiating flames above the periphery, which under a lens are seen to be of an olivaceous tint, veined and dotted throughout with red ; the base closely red-articulated. Another specimen is STOMATELLA. 25 deep brown, almost black, with snowy-white spire, and umbilical tract. S. DELICATA H. & A. Adams. Shell orbiculate-conic, imperforate, the spire rather elevated, va- riegated snowy and pale green, sparsely spotted with blood-red ; transversely lirate, with more prominent distant lirse ; upper whorls uni-carinate ; aperture ovate, oblique, white within. (Ad.~) A delicate species, varied with snow-white and pale green, with a few blood-red spots. (Ad.~) St. Thomas. S. delieata H. & A. AD., P. Z. S. 1863, p. 432. Were it not for the "testa imperforata" of Adams' description I would unhesitatingly refer the specimens I have described above as Var. rubroflammulata to this species ; for the coloration of my variety is sometimes precisely that attributed to delieata. It is not impossible that Sowerby's " S. dilecta H. Ad. " is intended for S. delieata H. & A. Ad. S. DILECTA (H. Ad.) Sowerby. PI. 53, fig. 91. Shell trochiform, rather rosy, painted with red spots in rows ; spire prominent, whorls roundish ; last whorl biangular, belted with strong ribs at the angles ; interstices striated. Resembling S. modesta in the markings, but more trochiform. (Sowb.) Habitat unknown. S. dilecta (" H. Ad.— — ? ") SOWERBY, in Conch. Icon., f. 30. Section Synaptocoehlea Pilsbry, 1890. This is a group of little shells, more elongated than Stomatella with larger body-whorl and aperture and smaller spire. They are like the typical Stomatice (phymotis, australis) in contour, but have no nodose keels, being simply spirally striate or slightly granose. They are scarcely more spiral than Gena, but some of them are known to have opercula, wanting in that genus. The species have been pretty impartially distributed in Gena and Stomatella by authors. S. montrouzieri Pilsbry, (picta Montr, not Orb.), may be considered the type. S. STELLATA Souverbie. PI. 53, figs. 76, 77 ; pi. 2, figs. 35, 36, 37. Shell ear-shaped, with minute spire and very large, convex body- whorl ; surface somewhat shining, black with scattered whitish dots, 26 STOMATELLA. spots or zigzag lines ; sculptured by numerous close microscopic spiral striae, several smaller alternating with larger ones, and somewhat decussated by impressed growth lines. The spire is very short with minute whitish nucleus ; whorls 3 ?, convex, the last very large. Aperture ovate, angled above, polished, and bright inside, and of a blue color. Columella arched ; a slight chink is at the place of the umbilicus. Alt. 7?, breadth 5^ ; aperture, length 5i, breadth 5 mill. Meas- ured as directed for Gena on p. 37.) New Caledonia ; Viti Is. ; Barnard Id. No. Ill, N. E. Australia. S.stellata SOUVERBIE, Journ. de Conchyl. 1863, p. 169, t. 5, f. 10. —8. ornata BRAZIER, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii, p. 47 (1877). The color is very dark (" nigrescente plumbea") in this species,, sparcely dotted with white ; but the dots are as often replaced by spots, or V-shaped markings. On these the lip is edged with a row of white dots. Color-varieties in the collection before me are figured on pi. 2, figs. 35-37. It is this variability that causes me to consider Mr. Brazier's S. ornata a variety of stellata. Its sculpture is the same as the type — fine spirals with several still finer ones inter- posed, decussated by growth-stride ; color, " undulated brown, white and pink flames, sometimes in the form of lengthened spots." Local- ity, Barnard Is., N. E. Australia. From the Viti Islands I have a smoother form, with the minuter spiral striae obsolete. The color is sepia or umber-brown or pink, with numerous spots and V-shaped marks of white. It may be called variety ornati*sima. (pi. 2, figs. 35-37.) S. CRASSA Montrouzier. PI. 55, figs. 22, 23. Shell ovate-oblong, thick, back convex, with radiating, impressed striae of growth decussated by spiral subelevated striae ; dull ashen- blackish, scarcely shining ; spire lateral, prominent ; whorls 4, con- vex, separated by impressed sutures, the last one forming the greater part of the shell. Aperture ample, rounded-ovate, bluish-white and shining inside ; right margin acute, left subarcuate, appressed at the columella and united with the right lip. Length 10J, width 6 mill. ; alt. 4J mill. ; aperture 7 mill, long, 5 broad. Measurements of an- other specimen, length 8 1, breadth 5, alt. 4 mill.; aperture 6 by 4 mill. (Montr. & Souv.) Island of Art, New Caledonian Archipelago. STOMATELLA. 27 Stomatella ( Gena f) crassa MONTR., Journ. de Conch. 1870, p. 74, t. 9, f. 6. S. MONTROUZIERI Pilsbry. PL 53, figs. 74, 75. Shell small, ovate, back convex, transversely striated, the striae decussated by slightly elevated spiral striae, with smaller ones between them ; deep opaque black, obliquely girdled with white ; spire lateral, slightly prominent ; whorls 4, separated by impressed sutures, rounded, the last forming the greater part of the shell ; aperture ample, rounded-ovate, somewhat dilated below, shining within, cbncolored, with very translucent white bands ; right margin acute, left sub- thickened, arcuate, reflexed posteriorly, and appressed ; umbilicus a very narrow fissure. Operculum corneous, rounded, very thin. Length 4?, width 3, alt. 2? mill. ; aperture, 3* mill. long. (Montr.} Id. of Art, New Caledonian Archipelago. Stomatella picta MONTROUZIER, Journ. de Conchyl. 1862, p. 239, t. 9, f. 7 (not S. picta d'Orbigny, a species of quite similar form). S. CALIGINOSA H. & A. Adams. PL 55, fig. 26. Shell ear-shaped, imperforate, oblong, blackish ; spire small, transversely lirate, larger and smaller line alternating, obsoletely articulated with white; aperture oblong, very oblique, greenish- white within, margin crenulate, black ; inner lip rather flattened ; a narrow lunar umbilical rimation. Operculum thin, orbicular, multispiral. (Ad.) A brownish-black lirate auriform species, more resembling a Gena but with the operculum of Stomatella. (Ad.) Habitat unknown. S. caliginosa AD., P. Z. S. 1863, p. 434. — Gena caliginosa Ad., Sows., Conch. Icon., f. 10. S. GRANOSA Lambert. PL 51, figs. 23, 24. Shell small, thin, subtranslucent, ovate-oblong, the back convex ; spire lateral, short, prominent ; transversely impressed-striate, the striae gathered at and radiating from the suture on the last whorl, spirally granulose-costate and impressed striate, with an interstitial crenulated riblet between the spiral ribs ; scarcely shining, sub-red- dish-black, smooth inside, shining, bluish ; wrhorls 4, rounded, separated by impressed sutures, the first two (embryonic) white, smooth, the last forming the larger part of the shell. Aperture 28 STOMATELLA. rounded-ovate, within subsulcate and whitish radiate, columellar margin subthickened, white, right margin simple. Long. 5?, lat. 4, alt. 2 mill. ; aperture 4 mill, long, 3 broad. (Lam- bert.} Loyalty Is., Neiv Caledonian Archipelago. Stomatella granosa LAMBERT, Journ. de Conchyl. 1874, p. 374 ; loc. cit. 1875, t. 4, f. 2. S. CONCINNA Gould. PL 2, figs. 6, 7 ; pi. 55, figs. 27, 28. Shell small, with large, oval body-whorl and minute spire ; sur- face covered with equal spiral riblets, separated by interstices nearly as wide as themselves, and cut into tiny, compressed beads by close, regular impressed lines of increment. Color white, with oblique spiral bands of red, frequently broken or splitting. Spire extremely minute, of 3-4 whorls ; aperture roundly oval, white and showing pink stripes within. Alt. 4. diam. 3 1 mill.; aperture, alt. 3£, width 21 mill. Sandwich\Is .; Paumotus. Stomatella eoncinna GLD., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii, p. 26, 1845. — Gena condnna Gld. ADAMS in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 831, t. 173, f. 20, 21. A pretty little shell. The deep red color of the stripes does not extend into the inter-liral grooves, being confined to the riblets. One specimen before me is unicolored deep purple-brown, with a pink- edged columellar crescent of white. S. PULCHELLA A. Adams. PI. 2, figs. 32, 33, 34. Shell convexly depressed, oval, white, spotted with red ; back convex, all over striated ; spire rather prominent, whorls rounded ; aperture large, oval, pearly and iridescent within. (Ad.} Habitat unknown. Gena pulchella AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 38 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 831, t.173, f. 17, 18, 19. S. ASPERULATA A. Adams. PI. 55, figs. 24, 25. Shell haliotis-shaped, back convex ; rufous-brown, ornamented with a broad white girdle ; decussated by elevated rather close-set lines and oblique striae ; spire posterior, rather prominent, white ; aperture long, oval. (Ad.} Habitat unknown. STOMATELLA. 29 Gena asperulata AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 38 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 830, t. 123, f. 28, 29. May be a true Gena, but the sculpture and form are more like the present group. S. PICTA d'Orbigny. PI. 54, figs. 19, 20 ; pi. 21, figs. 22-25. Shell minute, ear-shaped, with large oval body-whorl and minute spire ; surface shining, encircled by very numerous, fine, unequal spiral threads, cut into close but indistinct granules by close impressed longitudinal striae. Flesh colored, the spirals dark red ; spotted and longitudinally maculate with opaque snowy-white ; columella white ; spire minute; whorls 2£, the last large, oval, descending. Aperture ovate, angular above, maculate within. Greatest length 4, greatest breadth 2} mill; aperture, alt. 3, breadth 2 mill. St. Thomas and Cuba ; Florida Keys. Stomatia picta ORB., Moll. Cuba ii, p. 184, t. 24, f. 19, 21. — Stomatella picta Orb., DALL, Bull. 37, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 168, 1889. This species is usually a little smaller than the measurements given above. About 30 specimens from St. Thomas are before me. There is considerable variation in the intensity of the color, one specimen being unicolored black, reddish on the spire. I have not seen specimens truncated below as d'Orbigny's figures show his to have been. It is reported from the Florida Keys by Dall and by Simpson. S. concinna Old., is a very similar species. Subgenus NIPHONIA A. Adams. Niphonia AD., Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3d ser., vi, p. 336, 1860. Type, N. pulchella A. Ad. This little genus most nearly resembles Stomatelia, but the shell is very thin, and the aperture has an internal ledge, as if for the oper- culum. Two specimens only were obtained, both dead, and both wanting the opercula. (Ad.) N. PULCHELLA A. Adams. Shell smooth, pale brown, shining, spirally lirate ; whorls 2 £, con- vex ; the last having five larger transverse lirse and many smaller basal ones ; umbilical region impressed ; margin of peristome acute. (Ad.) Off Mino-Sima, Corea Strait, 63 fms. N. pulchella AD., Ann. Mag. N. H. 1860, p. 336. 30 PHANETA-STOMATIA. Genus PHANETA H. Adams, 1870. Phaneta H. AD., P. Z. S. 1870, p. 793.— TRYON, Struct, and Syst. Conch, ii, p. 317. — FISCHER, Manuel de Conchyl., p. 839. The animal is unknown. The genus was placed by Adams in the Valvatidoe, probably because it is a fluviatile mollusk. Try on first placed it in the Stomatellidce, and is followed by Fischer, who places the'group between Stomaiella and Gena. It is not known whether an operculum is developed, but I regard it as likely. P. EVERETTI H. Adams. PI. 1, figs. 18, 19, 20. Shell depressed-trochiform, rather thin, whitish, covered with a thin pale reddish epidermis ; spire convex-conic, apex obtuse, sub- lateral ; suture distinct ; whorls 3, . slightly convex, rapidly increas- ing, ornamented with obscure oblique strise and some irregular spiral ones ; the last whorl acutely carinated ; base subconcave, the col- umellar region excavated, closely concentrically striated. Alt. 6, diam. maj. 8£, rnin. 7£ mill. (Ad.~) Siniwan River, Borneo, near Sarawak; attached to submerged logs. Phaneta everetti H. AD., P. Z. S. 1870, p. 794, t. 48, f. 20. Genus STOMATIA (Helbling) Lamarck, 1801. Stomatia HELBLING 1779. — Stomatia LAMARCK, Syst. des Anim. s. Vert, et Tab. gen. etc., p. 96. Type, S. phymotis Helbl. — Stomax MONTFORT Conch. Syst. ii, p. 110, 1810. Stomatia is closely allied to Stomatella, differing in the generally more elongated shell with a series of short folds or puckers below the sutures ; usually the body-whorl has a tuberculous carina ; there is no operculum typically. I am prepared however to learn that some of the species are operculate. The animal is too large to en- tirely enter the shell ; the foot large, fleshy, tubercular, greatly produced posteriorly ; epipodium fringed, with a more prominent fimbriated lobe behind the left tentacle, and on the right there is a slightly projecting fold or gutter leading to the respiratory cavity. There are digitated inter-tentacular lobes. S. PHYMOTIS Helbling. PI. 54, figs. 16, 17, 21, 22. Shell Haliotis-shaped, lengthened, with scalar spire, the last whorl very deeply descending ; solid, lusterless, red, marked at suture, keel and base with olive or brown articulated with white. Surface very rough, with a strong double nodulous keel at the middle of the STOMATIA. 31 whorl, several nodose spiral riblets and threads below it, strongly plicate or puckered below the sutures. Aperture irregular-oval, nacreous inside. Alt. 28 mill. ; of aperture, alt. 22, breadth 14 mill. Philippines ; Viti Is. ; Japan. Stomatia phymotis HELBLING, Beitrage zur Kenntniss neuer und seltener Conchylien, in Abhandlungen einer Privat-gesellschaft in Bohinen zur Aufnahme der Mathematik, der Vaterlandischen Geschichte und der Naturgeschichte, iv, Prague, 1779, p. 124. — VON MARTENS in Mai. Blatter, xvi, p. 236. — A. ADAMS, in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 841, t. 175, f. 48-52.— SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 2.— LAM., An. s. Vert., vi, p. 211. — DUNKER, Ind. Moll. Mar. Jap., p. 146. — Stomax furonculus MONTF., Conch. Syst. ii, p. 111. S. australis AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 34.— Sowb., Conch. Icon., f. 1.— S. obscura " Lam. " SOWB., Conch. Icon., f. 3. — S. obscurata LAM., An. s. Vert, vi, p. 212. — DELESSERT, Rec. de Coq., t. 33, f. 5. The largest, most strongly tubercled' species. There is consider- able variation in both form and color. Figs. 21, 22, of pi. 54, rep- resent the form called S. obscura " Lam. " by £>owerby and others. It is probably S. obscurata Lam. Var. AUSTRALIS A. Adams. PI. 54, figs. 1-3, 34. Smaller than the type, shorter, with shorter, less scalar spire; surface with sharp, unequal spiral threads, tubercled and plicate as in S. phymotis, or sometimes nearly smooth except for the fine spirals. Color greenish-yellow, pale red, or variegated. Alt. 20 mill. ; aperture, alt. 15, breadth 11 mill. S. DUPLICATA Sowerby. PI. 54, figs. 4, 5, 8, 9, 10. Shell depressed-globose, with conical spire ; longitudinally striped with purplish or red and white. Rather solid ; surface with numer- ous fine, unequal spiral threads above, two strong nodose keels at periphery, and about 7 subequal lirse on the base, their interstices spirally striate ; spire prominent ; whorls 3, bicarinate, the last not- ably so, concave above the carina, plicate below the sutures ; aper- ture rounded, oblique; columella concave, thin; umbilical tract a little grooved, white. Alt. 14, diam. 14 mill.; alt. 10, diam. 10 mill. Philippines. 32 STOMATJA. S. duplicata SOWB., Genera, Stomatia f. 3. — A. ADAMS in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 841, t. 175, f. 61-63.— SOWB., in Conch. Icon., f. 11. Far more depressed than S. phymotis or australis. The strongly marked double nodose keel will separate it from the following. S. ACUMINATA A. Adams. PI. 54, fig. 18. Shell Haliotis-shaped, suborbiculate, rather brown, cancellated, transversely costate, ribs 3, prominent, middle one very prominent, tuberculate ; strongly plicate at the suture, longitudinally elevately striate ; spire rather prominent, acuminate ; whorls 4, angular ; outer lip with 3 angles. This is a cancellated, transversely-ribbed species, strongly plicate near the suture. (Ad.) Philippines Is. S. acuminate AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 34; Thes. Conch., p. 843, t. 175, f. 64.— SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 7. S. DECUSSATA A. Adams. PI. 54, fig. 12. Shell ovate-oblong, longitudinally and transversely decussately striate, with 2 simple or subtuberculated angular, prominent carinse ; pale, varied with brown spots ; spire elevated ; aperture oblique, nearly circular, lip biangulate in the middle. This species is decussated with transverse and longitudinal striae, and there are two prominent, angular, keels on the whorls ; the spire is acute and prominent. (Ad.) Luzon, Philippines. S. decussata AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 34 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 843, t. f!75, . 60.— SOWB., in Conch. Icon., f. 6. S. ANGULATA A. Adams. PL 54, fig. 6 ; pi. 51, figs. 29, 30. Shell depressed, thin but rather solid, with very short, conical spire ; greenish-gray, obscurely longitudinally striped with dull, pale reddish-brown ; surface lusterless, with numerous unequal spiral threads, latticed by wavy riblets of growth ; the whorls encircled by two strong carinse above, and numerous smaller line below the periphery ; and with strong, short subsutural folds. Whorls 3£, the last large, depressed, impressed at the place of umbilicus. Aperture oblique, subrotund. Alt. 7, diam. 9 mill. ; aperture, alt. 6 J, breadth 6£ mill. Luzon, Philippines. STOMATIA. 33 S. angulata A. AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 34; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 842, t. 175, f. 57. — SOWB., Conch. Icon., f. 10. A small species, intermediate in characters between S. duplicata and S. rubra. S. RUBRA Lamarck. PL 54, figs. 31, 32, 33 ; pi. 51, figs. 26, 27, 28. Shell depressed, with small, conical spire ; rather thin ; reddish brown, lighter beneath, or variously variegated. Surface covered with close fine hair-like spiral striae, and with two low keels above the periphery, the upper one nodose ; there is a series of short folds below the suture. Whorls of spire with a beaded carina ; last whorl wide, depressed, flattened above, convex below, and impressed at the axis ; aperture large, rounded, very oblique, iridescent within. Alt. 11, diam. 15? mill.; aperture, oblique alt. 9J, breadth 10 mill. Philippines ; Strait of Corea. S. rubra LAM., An. s. Vert. (ed. Desh.) ix, p. 16. — Encycl. Meth., 450, f. 3.— ADAMS in Thes. Couch, ii, p. 842, t. 175, f. 53-56.— SOWB., Conch. Icon., f. 8.— DUNKER, Ind. Moll. Jap., p. 146, t. 6, f. 11-13. Differs from all the preceding in the more depressed body-whorl, which is much like some species of Stomatella of the group of S. mariei. The surface has very fine regular hair-like spiral striae above. The following species seem to be very closely allied. S. LIRATA A. Adams. PL 54, figs. 23, 24. Shell orbiculate-con vex, provided with transverse subequal elevated, slightly nodulose lirse, the interstices strongly longitudinally striate ; subplicate at the sutures ; pale, radiately marbled with brown ; spire rather prominent ; whorls rounded ; aperture oblique, oblong- oval ; lip convex, rotund. (Ad.} Habitat unknown. S. lirata AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 35 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 842, t. 175, f. 58, 59.— SOWB., Conch. Icon., f. 9.. S. DECORATA A. Adams. PL 54, fig. 7. Shell Haliotis-shaped, orbiculate-depressed, covered-umbilicate; whorls of the spire bicarinate, transversely silicate and striate, obliquely plicate at the sutures, the last whorl unicarinate ; aper- ture white inside, opaque, pearly ; color brownish-buff, dotted and spotted with red. 34 STOMATIA. This is a large and showy species, somewhat resembling S. rubra Lam., in the character of the markings and color ; it is not tubercular like that species. (Ad.) Stomatia decorata AD., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 132, t. 28, f. 2. This species and S. splendidula I have not seen. They seem to be near to S. rubra Lam. S. SPLENDIDULA A. Adams. PL 52, figs. 36, 37. Shell Haliotis-shaped, orbicularly depressed, imperforate ; whorls of the spire 3, bicarinate, the last whorl transversely lirate, lirse un- equal, roughened, the interstices longitudinally striated ; pale above, with radiating reddish-brown flames at the sutures, below reddish dotted with brown; base ornamented with red radiating flames. Aperture white and opaque within, with bright green lines, margin pearly. In this species the columellar margin is reflexed and pearly, but the interior of the aperture, with the exception of the internal mar- gin of the outer lip, is opaque white, with green spiral lines. (Ad.~) Japanese Sea (Adams) ; Paumotus (Martens). S. splendidula AD., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 133 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 838, t. 174, f. 15, 16.— BUNKER, Ind. Moll. Mar. Jap., p. 145.— SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 15. — MARTENS & LANGKAVEL, Donum Bis- markianum, p. 48. S. VARIEGATA H. Adams. PI. 54, fig. 13. Shell subrimate, oval-oblong, convex, transversely costate, the costse subdistant, interstices longitudinally striated, red, varied with white ; spire rather prominent ; apex acute ; suture distinct ; whorls 3J, convex ; aperture oval, inner lip callous, outer lip ascending a little. Alt. 9, diam. 7 mill. (H. Ad.) Mauritius. Stomatia variegata H. AD., P. Z. S. 1868, p. 12, t. 4, f. 1.— SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 5. S. PALLIDA Tapparone Canefri. Shell thin, spirally encircled by delicate unequal lirse, depressed and plane above ; spire a little elevated, acute, grayish-white, longitudinally painted with pale brown streaks ; whorls 4, separated by a distinct suture, sutural folds little conspicuous; last whorl large, flat above, depressed at the suture, spirally ornamented with sharp elevated strise and two spinous-tuberculate carinse ; very con- STOMATIA. 35 vex beneath transversely finely granose-cingulate, and sculptured with longitudinal elevated, distant, obsolete, flexuous, very oblique striae decussating the cinguli ; aperture moderate, ovate-rounded ; throat pearly, marked with blackish spots. Alt. 8i diarn. 6£ mill. (Cane/ri.') Sorong. Stomatia pallida TAPP. CAN., Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ix, p. 288, 1877. Subgenus MICROTIS H. & A. Adams. Microtis ADS., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 36. — Microtina ADS. olim. — Mi- crotina Ads., CROSS E, Journ. de Conchyl. 1871, p. 188. The animal of Microtis is like Stomatia, but the foot has a deep anterior fissure for the snout, the front edge bilobed. There is no operculum. M. TTTBERCULATA H. & A. Adams. PI. 54, figs. 25, 26, 27. Shell tuborbicular, ear-shaped, greatly depressed, variegated with green, transversely striated, bicarinated ; keels tuberculated, nodosely plicated near the suture ; spire scarcely elevated, whorls carinated ; aperture large, oval, pearly within, with two concentric parallel grooves. (Ad.) Is. of Capul, Philippines, on the sands, high water. M. tuberculata ADS., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 36.— AD. in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 841, t. 175, f. 45-47. — Stomatia tuberculata A. Ad., SOWB. in Conch. Icon., f. 4. — Microtina tuberculata Ad. CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl. 1871, p. 191. Adams' figures of the animal of M. tuberculata are reproduced on pi. 54, figs. 28, 29, 30. M. COMPTA Martens & Langkavel. Pale greenish-yellow, with blackish zigzag stripes. Ribbed like Stomatella notata Ad., but the prominent ribs are stronger, with large white and blackish spots. The last whorl less depressed than in S. notata. Columellar margin thickened, nacreous, so broadly concave that one can see almost the entire second whorl within it, from beneath, as in Microtis tuberculata, while this is not the case with S. notata or S. splendidula. 10 mill, in greater diameter, 7 high, aperture 7J mill. Distinguished from M. tuberculata Ad. by the rounded shell, with less prominent spiral keels. In all of these species the iuter-liral spaces are finely spirally striated ; and oblique 36 STOMATIA-GENA. lines parallel to the lip-margin pass over the ribs and interstices. The interior of the mouth is furrowed and beautifully nacreous. (Mart. & Langk.) Pauniotus. Microtis compta M. & L., Doimm Bismarckianum, eine Samm- lung von Siidsee-Conchylieu, p. 49, 1871. M. HECKELIANA Crosse. PL 51, figs. 33; 34, 35. Shell suborbicular, haliotis-shaped, very much depressed, flat- tened, very finely striate spirally, whitish, with little longitudinal stripes of light brown on the base, not very obvious, and slightly undulating, their edges serrate (dechiquetes) in a peculiar way, and more pronounced in the central part of the stripes. Spire excessively depressed, completely flat or a little concave ; suture well-marked, provided with nodose folds or denticulations moderately spaced. Whorls of the spire 3, flat ; last whorl large, with two spiral series of undulations above, then obtusely carinated, becoming convex on the base. Aperture large, oval, auriform, brilliantly nacreous with- in. Columella forming a spiral visible as far as the apex of the shell, white and shining. Peristoine simple, basal and outer margins acute ; outer margin angular and strongly receding below. Alt. 3o, diam. maj. 11, min. 8 mill. (Crosse.) Noumea, New Caledonia. Microtina heckeliana CROSSE, Journ. de Conch. 1871, p. 191, t. 6, f.2. Easily distinguished from M. tuberculata by the flat spire, as well as by the form and color-pattern of the last whorl, which has tremulous or wavy serrate rays of light brown, instead of green as in the other species. ( Orosse.) Genus GEN A Gray, 1850. Gena GRAY, Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum, 42d edition, 1840, p. 151 (no description given nor species men- tioned) ; GRAY, in P. Z. S. 1847, p. 146 (no description, but Patella lutea named as a species) ; GRAY, Guide to the Systematic Distribu- lion of Mollusca in the British Museum, p. 159, 1857. — Gena Gray, A. ADAMS, Monogr. of Stomatellidse in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 37 ; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, vii, p. 223, 1851 ; and of subsequent authors. — Stomatella and Stomatia in part of early authors. GENA. 37 Gena and other of J. E. Gray's genera purporting to date from "Syn. Brit. Mus. 1840, " were not really described in that publica- tion, which is merely a popular account of the contents of the British Museum. The genera of Mollusks are 'enumerated on pages 150- 156, but without author's names, and without even a species men- tioned as an example ; nor are the new names distinguished in any wray from the old. Adams first characterized the genus in 1850 ; and this may be considered the actual date of publication. The genus differs from Stomatella and Stomatia in having no operculum, and in the less spiral shell, with larger body-whorl and finer sculpt- ure. The observations upon the animal show great differences among the few species examined, which will probably require the dismemberment of the genus when more species are known anatomi- cally. The dentition has not been well figured. The animals of G. planulata Lam. and nigra Q. & G. have a large foot, not capable of retraction under the shell ; the muzzle is squarish, as in Trochus ; tentacles subulate, eyes on short peduncles; there is a pair of arborescent frontal palmettes, and the epipodium bears no lateral filaments. G. Icevis Pse. has a more lengthened form of muzzle ; there are siphons or conduits for the entrance and egress of water, and ciliated filaments on the epipodial line (see description of animal under that species, and pi. 55, fig. 16). To the last-named species Fischer has given the name Plocarr.otis. The shells are separable by slight but apparently constant features into two sections ; but it remains to be seen whether their characters are correlated with those of the soft parts. Sub genera. GENA, s. s. Shell with the body- whorl all over finely spirally striated. Animal without epipodial cirri or lengthened cervical water conduits. Type, G. planulata Lam. PLOCAMOTIS Fischer. Shell with polished body-whorl, the penul- timate whorl and base finely spirally striated. Animal with epipodial cirri and cervical water conduits. Type, G. Icevis Pse. NOTE. — The measurements of length and breadth are taken parallel to the plane of the peristome. The length is measured along the line a, b in fig. 20, pi. 2 ; and the breadth along the line c, d. 38 GEN A. Subgenus GENA s. str. G. PLANULATA Lamarck. PI. 55, figs. 1, 2, 3 ; pi. 2, figs. 17-20. Shell much flattened, oval, the spire very minute, and very near the end; aperture almost as long as shell, its margins level, not arched. Oval-oblong in contour, the two sides about equally curved ; much flattened, like a Navicella. Surface shining, very densely and minutely striate in the direction of the whorls. Color, very deep blackish-olive with white dots, or finely variegated and marbled all over with gray and olive-brown ; under a lens seen to be finely articulated on the stride. Whorls 3, spire minute, not projecting beyond the general outline of shell. Aperture very large, oval, the columellar and lip margins equally curved, upper end rounded, a pearly callus filling the angle ; interior nacreous, with blue-green and fiery-red reflections. Length 19, breadth 10 mill. ; aperture, length 16J, breadth 9 mill. Length 17, breadth 10 mill. ; aperture, length 15, breadth 9 mill. Philippines ; Australia. Stomatella planulata LAMARCK, Anim. s. Vert., ed. Desh. ix, p. 17. — En eye. Meth., t. 458, f. 4.— Gena planulata Lam., AD. in Thes. Conch, ii, p. 829, t. 173, f. 1-3. This species is more depressed and flattened than any other. The spire is very minute. The aperture is not angulated posteriorly, but rounded by a callus which fills the angle. G. NIGRA Quoy & Gaimard. PI. 51, figs. 20, 21. Shell elongate-oval, convex, smooth, black ; right margin longitu- dinally striate, violaceous shining within ; spire minute, subter- minal ; aperture oval, entire. A very elongated little species, contracted, convex, arched so as to rest upon the extremities alone; the spire is short, nearly terminal on the right margin, composed of 4 whorls. The right margin has six or seven longitudinal striae, the others, parabolic behind and in front, are incremental. This shell is shining black above, with viola- ceous nacre within the entire oval aperture. (Q. & G.) Tonga- Taboo. Stomatella nigra Q. & G., Voy. de PAstrolabe, Zool. iii, p. 307, t. 66, f. 10-12, 1834. GENA. 39 Known to me only by the above translated description and the original figures. Adams identified this species with one I believe to be entirely different. G. STBIGOSA A. Adams. PI. 55, figs. 31, 32 ; pi. 2, figs. 8-16. Shell depressed, Halibtis-shaped, oval, the right side straightened, the left strongly curved ; aperture angled above, narrower than the shell, its margins arched, so that when placed on a plane the shell is supported by its extremities. Surface very densely and finely spirally striated all over, these fine, even strise decussated by oblique growth-lines ; color various. The spire is very short, consisting of a minute projecting cone of about 3 £-4 whorls; it is decidedly more elevated and more remote from the margin than in G. planulata, and the body of the shell is more convex than in that species. The surface is shining, very finely, closely striated. The color is excessively variable, but in all the mutations there is a white tract along the columella with, usually, a series of red flammules bordering it. The aperture is not bilater- ally sym metrical as in G. planulata, but angled at the termination of the straightened outer lip, the columella very much arched. The interior is nacreous, its reflections chiefly silvery and green, but sometimes as fiery red as in G. planulata. Length 18, breadth 10 2 mill. ; convexity when resting on a plane, 5 mill ; aperture, length 14J, breadth 8£ mill. Length 16, breadth 9 mill. ; convexity 4f mill. ; aperture, length 12 i, breadth 7 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. G. strigosa AD., P. Z.-S. 1850, p. 37; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 830, t. 173, f. 11, 12.— G. nigra AD., Thes. Conch., p. 829, f. 14-16 (not of Quoy and Gaim.). — G. plumb ea AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 37; Thes. Conch., f. 13. The species of Gena are difficult to distinguish without fuller descriptions or better figures than those in the Thesaurus, though the latter are good. Under the head of strigosa I have here grouped shells agreeing with Adams' strigosa, nigra, and plumbea. These three seem to represent merely extreme color-patterns in a species so variable that scarcely two of the twenty specimens before me are alike. The typical STRIGOSA (pi. 55, f. 31, 32) is "rather depressed, the back equally convex, striated all over, olivaceous varied with white 40 GEN A. and lilac, marked with alternate light and dark bands, the light bands sometimes articulated ; spire depressed, outer lip slightly sinuous." The G. nigra of Adams (but surely not nigra Quoy !), is figured on pi. 55, figs. 5, 6, 7, and pi. 2, figs. 11, 12, 13. It is of a dark olive- brown variously banded and maculated with pink or grayish- white, or suffused with pink under the brown, or unicolored olive-brown (pi. 2, figs. 8, 9, 10), and this last coloration seems to be G. plumbea of Adams (pi. 55, fig. 4). Some specimens before me have no brown markings, but are very light, with pink spiral, articulated bands ; others are closely painted with green arrow-shaped articulations. In all, the outer lip is a little sinuous. G. STRIATULA A. Adams. PI. 55, figs. 34, 35. Shell haliotis-shaped, ovate-oblong, rather flattened on the back, striated all over, the strise deep and rather wide apart ; red, varied with orange, yellow, and brown ; spire prominent, sometimes rather distorted ; outer lip strongly flexuous. (Ad.) Calapan, Mindoro, Philippines, 9 fins. ; Australia. G. striatula AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 37 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 829, t. 173, f. 9, 10. Has more strongly flexuous outer lip than G. strigosa. G. DILECTA Gould. PL 55, fig. 33. Shell small, thin, lengthened oval, shining, yellowish-green, orna- mented with white triangular spots with dark apices, sometimes in series ; decussated by incremental and deeper spiral striae ; whorls 3, apex nearly terminal ; aperture narrow, oval, the ventral face nearly level ; inside shining, greenish. Very delicate and slender, allied to G. planulata, a much larger species, and G. strigosa, of which it may possibly be the young. Length 8, breadth 4 mill. ( Gld.) Hakodadi Bay, Japan. G. dileda GOULD, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. vii, p. 44, 1859. — SOWERBY in Conch. Icon., f. 14. Subgenus PLOCAMOTIS Fischer. Plocamotis FISCHER, jVianuel de Conchyliologie, p. 840, 1885. Type, G. Icevis Pse. GENA. 41 G. LJEVIS Pease. PL 55, figs. 15, 16 (enlarged). Shell oblong, flatly depressed on its upper side, rounded on its lower edge, smooth, solid, marked transversely by striae of growth ; outer lip straight, inner lip thickened on its edge ; aperture oblong oval; spire posterior, small, slightly elevated; greenish-olive, va- riously spotted or mottled with white, brown or red, sometimes wholly of a dark green color. Length 11, diam. 6J mill. (Pse.) Tahiti. Gena Icevis PSE., Amer. Journ. Conch, iii, p. 283, t. 23, f. 7, 28, 29 (1867). This is a depressed form, polished save for close, fine spiral striae on the penultimate and beginning of the body-whorl, which are continued around the base as in other smooth Gena. The spire has a faint keel sketched around the shoulder. The outer lip is some- what sinuous. The shell is supported by the extremities when standing upon a plane. Length 9£, breadth 5i mill.; convexity 2J mill.; aperture, length 8, breadth 4-9 mill. The animal lives in the upper region of the laminarian zone, on branched coral, but is usually found under loose stones, on mud or sandy bottom, at low water-mark. The color above is similar to that of the shell, of an olivaceous or brownish-olive, reticulately veined with dusky, lomocotive disc and tentacular appendages pale. The first is large and cannot be wholly retracted beneath the shell ; it is oblong rounded behind, thick and fleshy, ciliated around the margin, and slightly tuberculated on the posterior upper portion. When expanded, three hirsute cylindrical tapering cirri project from each side of the shell, which are attached to the upper surface of the foot, and at the outer base of each is a minute aborescent appendage. The mantle is margined with a single series of pinnate cirri, which, when the animal is in motion, are recumbent on the margin of the shell. Head proboscidiform, well developed, lips wrinkled, mouth elliptical. Tentacles very long, tapering and hirsute. Two abores- cent appendages in front of the tentacles. Eyes on hirsute pedicels at the hinder base of the tentacles. A siphon projects on each side of the neck, the left in current, and the right excurrent ( Garrett in Pease, loc. cit.). G. ROSACEA Pease. PL 55, fig. 12. Shell oblong oval, convex, somewhat depressed on upper side near the apex, rather thin, concentrically distantly and elevately striate, 42 GENA. transversely very minutely striate ; outer lip straight ; spire posterior* wjiorls angulated, slightly elevated ; variously mottled with pink and white ; concentric stride red, spire yellowish or white. Length 6£, diam. 4 mill. (Pse.~) Paumotm. G. rosacea PSE., Amer. Journ. Conch, iii, p. 284, t. 24, f. 1. This is very similar to the last species. The close, fine, spirals of the penultimate whorl become nearly obsolete on the last, except on the base. The coloration consists of close fine V-shaped reticulations on a lighter ground, but sometimes is pinky-cream, unicolored, or dark reddish, like G. caledonica, with radiating zigzags of white. Length lOi, breadth 6 mill. ; convexity 2? mill. ; aperture, length 8|, breadth 5 mill. G. NEBULOSA A. Adams. PL 55, fig. 13. Shell haliotoid, ovate-oblong, the back all over striated ; white, clouded with reddish-brown ; spire somewhat prominent, whorls angular; aperture elongate, oval; columella covering the umbilical fissure with a thick callus. (Ad.) Australia. G. nebulosa AD., P. Z. S. 1850, p. 38 ; Thes. Conch, ii, p. 830, t. 173, f. 23. This is, I believe, a decidedly young specimen of a species immediately allied to G. Icevis and rosacea of Pease. G. CALEDONICA Crosse. PL 55, figs. 10, 11. Shell imperforate, depressed ovate, thin, slightly shining, under a lens showing scarcely conspicuous transverse impressed striae, some- what decussated by very delicate lines of increment, roseous-brown, apex varied with white; spire scarcely prominent, apex rounded ; sutures linear ; whorls 3, rather convex, the last large, elongated, the base somewhat concave ; aperture subovate, striatulate inside, lined with a thin layer of nacre ; peristome slightly thickened, mar- gins joined by a white callus, columellar and basal rather thick, scarcely pearly, white, the outer subreflexed, acute, pearly. Diam. maj. 6, min. 3