4ASS. 50.5:980 — £fi^sachusetts Agriculture 1980 Edward J. King, Governor John A. Bewick, Secretary of Environmental Affairs Frederic Winthrop, Jr., Comnnissioner of Food and Agriculture IN MEMORIAM "Massachusetts Agriculture 1980" is dedicated to Dr. Gene McMurtry. The leader of the Massachusetts Cooperative Extension Service, Gene passed away January 4, 1981, after a long battle with cancer. Dr. McMurtry will be sadly missed by all who knew him and worked with him. His contributions to the agricultural, community and rural development of this state were truly outstanding. He helped Massachusetts in many ways. He served as Associate Dean for the College of Food and Natural Resources and as Associate Director for the Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. He also served as Chairman of the National Extension Committee on Policy (ECOP) committee on community resources development and public affairs; member of the Chancellor's Committee on Continuing Education at UMass; Chairman of the Massachusetts Rural Development Committee; President of the Community Development Society of America; member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Amherst; and memJaer of the Congregational Church in Hatfield. Dr. Gene McMurtry Farmer, Educator and Administrator 1930 - 1981 Dr. McMurtry received many awards and was recognized nationally for his contributions to agriculture and the development of rural communities. Gene was the recipient of the gold medal award from the Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture in 1980, commending his role as educator and Extension leader. In 1979, he was the recipient of the Gene McMurtry award, commemorating his work in bringing together agencies and organizations working with rural communities. He also received the USDA award for superior service, and was listed in "Who's Who" and "Ajnerican Men in Science. Gene McMurtry was a very special person because of his accomplishments, his hard work and his convictions, and also because of his sense of humor and his winning way. He has touched the lives of many residents of both urban and rural areas and they are the better for it. Gene McMurtry will be long remembered. GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS COLLECTION SEP 08 1981 University of MassachaseUs Depository Copy A MESSAGE FROM GOVERNOR EDWARD J. KING As energy and transportation costs continue to rise, it makes good economic sense to grow and process more of our food needs locally. Stepping up production and stimulating consumer demand for locally grown goods are efforts that go hand in hand. Both consumers and farmers have been very receptive to our state campaign promoting "Massachusetts grown and fresher" foods, and I hope you will also buy the many other food products "made in Massachusetts." All the food companies that process goods in our state provide jobs and bolster the economy of our Commonwe a 1 th . This year the ten Northeastern State Departments of Agriculture, working in concert with the Coalition of Northeastern Governors have announced a new effort to strengthen the agricultural economy of our region. I have personally endorsed the recently published "Food and Agriculture Policy for the Northeast." A coordinated effort to improve our region's farm economy is long overdue and it will help assure the growth and stability of our local food supply. To increase our production, and protect our remaining land resources, we must make every effort to include agriculture as a full partner in our regional development plans. Here in Massachusetts we are continuing to make progress with our agricultura! preservation program. This innovative and voluntary program represents a commitmen- by state government to keep our most valuable farmland in production and available for future needs. It is an investment in our local food production capability, and we hope to develop a permanent funding mechanism for this important work. We are hoping to take other measures to encourage the expansion of the farm and food economy here in our state. The fisheries industry is another vital part of our food production capabilities, and we hope to provide a favorable economic climate for the growth of that industry as well. I am sure that all Massachusetts residents would want to join with me in saluting their fellow citizens who work on the farms and in the related food and agricultural businesses across the state. This, the first industry to "Make it in Massachusetts," continues to thrive more than 350 years later and provide both livelihood and sustenance. Makeitin ^ Massadiusetts ^m. Alassachusetts grown ...and fresher! hi FOREWORD The year 1980 marks the beginning of a new decade, and there are signs that we may be entering a new era for agriculture in Massachusetts. Both the recent U.S. Census of Agriculture and the farm statistics recorded here show that farms and farmland acreage are holding steady in Massachusetts. The downward slide, a fact of life since World War II, has apparently stopped. We believe Massachusetts agriculture is turning the corner. We are finding a much greater understanding and interest by the general public in the agriculture of our state. The demand for local produce is increasing at roadside farm stands and supermarkets. Food coops are also asking for more "Massa- chusetts grown and fresher" goods and farmers markets have proliferated sevenfold in the last five years. Our Department continues to seek an increase in the market for Massachusetts grown foods and food products through all channels of trade, and welcomes your suggestions and participation in this effort. Another focal point has been the land issue. The response to the farmland preservation program has been gratifying and the support and funding provided by the Legislature and the Governor have been outstanding. These and many other Departmental programs are explained in our annual report, which is combined in this publication with the yearly agricultural statistics bulletin. As seen in the summary on page 42, recorded cash receipts from farm market- ings in Massachusetts showed a three per cent increase over the previous twelve months. Receipts were up or held steady in 14 of the 23 major farm categories. The adverse impact of inflation is of course not factored into these statistics. The estimated retail value of Massachusetts foods produced locally in 1980 is nearly $1 billion, and the retail value of plants and floral products grown in the state is another $75 million. Massachusetts is the number one cranberry pro- ducing state in the nation. We are also a leading flower producing state and apples are another important crop for both the fresh and processed market. Dairy- ing remains the single largest agricultural enterprise in the state. The statistical report in this publication was compiled under the direction of Charles Hammond and Rowland Scranton of the New England Crop and Livestock Reporting Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Many thanks are in or- der for the fine assistance and cooperation of their office. Also our own Depart- mental staff must be highly commended, especially Janet Christensen, for making this publication possible. AlassQchusetts / / grown ...and fresher! Frederic Winthrop, Jr. Commissioner of Food and Agriculture Publication of this Document approved by John manton. State purchasing Agent Est Cost per Copy $2.21 A MESSAGE FROM JOHN A. BEWICK, SECRETARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS Massachusetts residents in both rural and urban areas should be concerned about conservation of our agricultural resources. The preservation and protection of our land could make the difference between food shortages and an adequate food supply in the future. Much of Massachusetts farmland has been converted to non-agricultural uses. Today there are less than 700,000 acres of active farmland in Massachusetts. In 1945, however, there were over two million acres in production. Eighty-five percent of our food supply is imported from other states. This administration is comniitted to revitalizing the farming industry by encouraging farmland preservation and by promoting Massachusetts grown products. Our important task is to demonstrate that economic development need not be undertaken at the expense of environmental quality. Soil conservation, pesticide control, nursery and greenhouse inspection, and increased farmland protection are just a few of this administration's ways of improving and protecting the state's agricultural environment. The people of Massachusetts can also help. We must become more aware of the needs and conditions of our land and make sound efforts to preserve this valuable natural resource. As a government and as a people, we have a responsibility to improve the state's agricultural industry so we can be prepared for the food demands of the future. MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FREDERIC WINTHROP, JR. COMMISSIONER 100 CAMBRIDGE STREET BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02202 (617)727-3000 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BOB BERGLAND, SECRETARY ECONOMICS, STATISTICS, AND COOPERATIVES SERVICE KENNETH R. FARRELL, ADMINISTRATOR WILLIAM E. KIBLER, DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR-STATISTICS COMPILED BY: NEW ENGLAND CROP AND LIVESTOCK REPORTING SERVICE 6 LOUDON ROAD CONCORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE 03301 CHARLES W. HAMMOND, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICIAN IN CHARGE ROWLAND R. SCRANTON, ASSISTANT STATISTICIAN IN CHARGE BEVERLY A. LACROIX, ADMINISTRATIVE STATISTICIANS SUPPORT STAFF RICHARD BLOOD LYNNE ARSENAULT JOHN KETCHAM JOSEPHINE EYSSI DAVID MUELLER CAROLYN HANSON MICHAEL POISSON ELIZABETH HARROLD DAVID SCOLES LAWRENCE KELLY STEVE WILLIAMS JOAN PARKER SUPERVISORY FIELD ENUMERATORS LEAH ROCHA HELEN BARDWELL, HATFIELD ANGELA STONE JEAN GIBBS, CARVER JOYCE SUPRY ADRIENNE ZAPPIA MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Frederic Winthrop, Jr., Commissioner William A. Starzec, Assistant Commissioner BOARD OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Shirley Cross, Ph.D., Chairman, Sandwich Ralph J. Baldasaro, Chester Lloyd A. Hathaway, Abington Charles S. Bean, Westwood Clive H. Olson, Taunton Raymond E. Duda, Easthampton Harley Phelps, Jr., Lanesboro ADMINISTRATION John J. McColgan, Counsel James T. Walsh, Head Administrative Assistant AGRICULTURAL PRESERVATION RESTRICTION PROGRAM William H. King, Land Use Administrator Warren K. Colby, Project Coordinator DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE Susan Redlich, Director DIVISION OF ANIMAL HEALTH Mabel A. Owen, Director Dr. Victor P. LaBranche, D.V.M., Chief Veterinary Health Officer Lawrence E. Bliss, Supervisor of Poultry Products Mabel A. Owen, Acting Supervisor of Riding Academies Barbara Scoff, Head Administrative Clerk DIVISION OF DAIRYING AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY J. Peter Griffin, Director Arthur W. Hoyt, Supervisor of Inspection DIVISION OF FAIRS Stephen F. Quinn, Director Peter Bundy, Supervisor of Thoroughbred Program Barbara Dolloff, Supervisor of Standardbred Program DIVISION OF MARKETS John J. Fitzgerald, Director Guy L. Paris, Assistant Director - Promotion and Information James M. Cassidy, Assistant Director - Regulatory Janet M. Christensen, Public Information Officer MILK CONTROL COMMISSION Catherine Clement, Chairperson Richard G. Bonneville James A. Woodsom John B. Kelley, Director PESTICIDE BOARD Frederic Winthrop, Jr., Chairman Alfred L. Frechette, M.D. Charles S. Dowse Steve T. Chmura Ms. Joan E. Harrison Richard E. Kendall Eric H. Haupt George A. Michael, Sc. D. Anthony D. Cortese, Sc. D. John F. Looney, Jr., Ed. D. Joseph Tabbi Lewis F. Wells, Jr., Pesticide Program Supervisor DIVISION OF PLANT PEST CONTROL Peter C. Kuzmiski, Director Warren P. Shepard, Assistant Director Thomas Leonard, Chief Apiary Inspector RECLAMATION BOARD John J. McColgan, Chairman James L. Dallas Elizabeth Costello, Executive Secretary TABLE OF CONTENTS LIVESTOCK Livestock Review Cattle and Calves 2-3 Hogs and Piqs . 4-5 Sheep and Lambs 6- 7 Wool 7 DAIRY Dairy Review 8 Milk Production and Value Mil k Prices. . 10 Quarterly Milk Production Manufactured Dairy ■^ 12 POULTRY AND EGGS Poul try and Egg Revi ew Chicken Inventory and Value 14-15 Egg Production and Value ,^ lb Turkeys ' 17 MISCELLANEOUS LIVESTOCK Bee and Honey 18 Apiary Inspection Mink 19 CROPS LIST OF RELEASES 20 Crop Review 21 Corn. 22 Hay.... 22-24 Potatoes 24-25 Tobacco... 26-27 FRUIT AND VEGETABLES Fruit and Vegetable Review 28 Peaches 28 Cranberries 29 Apples 30 Sweet Corn 31 Tomatoes 31 MAPLE 32 TABLE OF CONTENTS MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS Foliage Plants Area & Value Flower Production Cut Fl owers 34- Greenhouse Inspections Number of Fairs Fertil izer Farm Numbers and Size Prices Paid and Prices Received Indexes Farm Production Expenses Cash Recei pts Per Capita Consumption TOTAL CASH RECEIPTS FROM FARM MARKETINGS ANNUAL REPORT Aqricultural Preservation Restriction Proqram Division of Aqricultural Land Use Division of Animal Health Division of Poultry and Poultry Products Annual Report of the Counsel Division of Dairying and Animal Husbandry Division of Fairs Division of Markets Milk Control Commission Pesticide Proqram Plant Pest Control Division Apiary Inspection State Reclamation Board CREDITS APPENDIX Census of Agriculture, Preliminary Report, Massachusetts LIVESTOCK REVIEW 1979 CATTLE: The January 1, 1980 inventory of cattle and calves on Massachusetts farms totaled 103,000 head, 8 per- [cent above a year earlier and 4 percent above January 1, 1978. Total value of the 1980 inventory was $70 million, an increase of $16.8 million from 1979. This increase resulted from both, increase in cattle numbers and value per head. The January 1, 1980 per head value of $680 is a record value. The inventory [break down by classes shows milk cows declining in numbers, with other classes showing either increases or no change from 1979. HOGS : December 1, 1979 inventory of hogs and pigs on Massachusetts farms totaled 60,000, unchanged from both 1978 and 1977. Of the total, 15 percent or 9,000 head were breeding animals while 51,000 were intended for narket. Farmers marketed 17.8 million pounds of pork during 1979 compared to 16.6 million during 1978. Due to the increased marketings, gross income from hogs and pigs totaled $8,138,000, 4 percent above the jrevious year. ;HEEP and LAMBS: Massachusetts sheep growers indicated 7,100 head of sheep and lambs on hand January 1, 1980, 6 percent ibove the previous year. Value of the 1980 flock totaled $557,000, with average value per head at $78.50. This was well above the $63.00 per head average on January 1, 1979. Market prices for sheep increased il.OO per hundredweight during 1979 and averaged $39.00 per hundredweight for sheep and $85.00 per hundred- weight for lambs. There was 191,000 pounds of lamb and mutton sold during 1979 for a gross income of il99,000. This was down 12 percent from 1978 and a direct result of the decreased marketings. JOOL: Massachusetts wool producers sheared 6,600 head during 1979 for a total wool production of 45,000 Dounds. The price per pound for sheared wool was a record 84 cents and returned a gross $38,000 to Bay jtate wool producers. MASSACHUSETTS CATTLE INVENTORY, NUMBER AND VALUE NUMBER THOUSAND MILLIONS DOLLARS CATTLE: NUMBER AND VALUE OF ALL CATTLE AND CALVES ON FARMS JANUARY 1, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR NUMBER VALUE PER HEAD TOTAL 1,000 HEAD DOLLARS 1 ,000 DOLLARS 1970 1971 1972 111 111 110 260.00 270.00 290.00 28,860 29,970 31 ,900 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 111 105 107 107 104 335.00 420.00 315.00 345.00 380.00 37,185 44,100 33,705 36,915 39,520 1978 1979 1980 99 95 103 415.00 560.00 680.00 41 ,085 53,200 70,040 CATTLE: JANUARY 1, INVENTORY BY CLASSES, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR ALL CATTLE AND CALVES 1970 111 1971 111 1972 110 1973 111 1974 105 1975 107 1976 107 1977 104 1978 99 1979 95 1980 103 COWS & HEIFERS THAT HAVE CALVED BEEF MILK HEIFERS 500 LBS. AND OVER BEEF COW REPLACEMENTS MILK COW REPLACEMENTS 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 8 9 10 60 60 58 57 54 54 55 53 51 46 44 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 ,000 HEAD 15 15 15 16 15 17 17 17 16 15 16 OTHER STEERS 5C0 LBS.+ BULLS 500 LBS.+ STEERS HEIFERS & BULLS -500 LBS. 21 21 21 22 20 19 18 18 17 17 24 MASSACHUSETTS CATTLE INVENTORY NUMBERS Number Thousands 120 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 x^ \ '• V N "^ HEIFERS OVER 500 LBS'' ^ "^ "^ v"- "^ •■ ■ ■' . ' " I > . » ^ ^ y^ •BULL jAND: ERLJiSO^ ^OQ' LBS •.■.:• / / //TTT / / /CALVES UNDER 500 LBS ///// // Number Thousands 120 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 70 72 74 76 78 80 CATTLE AND CALVES: INVENTORY, SUPPLY, AND DISPOSITION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 ON HAND JAN. 1 CALF MARKETINGS 1/ YEAR ALL CATTLE CROP INSHIPMENTS CATTLE CALVES 1,000 HEAD 1970 111 60 13 28 38 1971 111 60 12 29 37 1972 110 60 11 29 33 1973 111 57 10 33 30 1974 105 55 8 27 26 1975 107 56 7 25 29 1976 107 55 7 26 30 1977 104 52 7 22 33 1978 99 47 5 20 26 1979 95 47 1 13 18 FARM SLAUGHTER DEATHS CATTLE & CALVES CATTLE CALVES 1 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 5 1 3 6 1 2 5 1 2 6 1 2 6 1 2 6 2 2 6 1 2 6 1/ Excludes interfarm sales. CATTLE AND CALVES: PRODUCTION AND INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 YEAR PRODUCTION MARKETINGS PRICE 100 CATTLE PER LBS. CALVES CASH RECEIPTS VALUE OF HOME CONSUMPTION GROSS INCOME 1,000 POUNDS DOLLARS 1,000 DOLLARS 1970 22 430 31 456 20 80 30 50 6 ,852 340 7,192 1971 23 175 32 495 21 .10 28 00 7 ,080 363 7,443 1972 24 660 32 020 24 20 34 00 8 ,025 416 8,441 1973 28 ,875 40 .115 33 50 44 00 13 ,717 576 14,293 1974 30 ,405 32 845 27 .50 28 00 9 ,043 473 9,516 1975 27 ,430 30 ,190 22 .70 23 80 6 ,882 488 7,370 1976 24 ,980 31 590 26 .00 28 50 8 ,283 599 8,842 1977 19 ,200 26 ,750 26 .20 38 20 / ,377 676 8,503 1978 18 ,380 23 ,680 41 .90 57 00 10 ,293 1,441 11,734 1979 19 ,010 14 ,734 57 .00 76 00 8 ,727 1,520 10,247 HOGS: INVENTORY NUMBERS, PIG CROP AND DISPOSITION, MASS., 1970-1979 YEAR ON HAND DEC. 1 PREV. YEAR uet: PIG CROP JUNE-NOV. MARKETINGS 1/ FARM SLAUGHTER DEATHS 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 83 73 73 63 60 51 50 50 60 60 1,000 HEAD 46 51 44 42 42 43 45 35 36 39 47 90 47 88 43 89 43 80 41 82 39 78 37 75 43 61 41 71 42 76 1,000 HEAD 12 9 7 7 6 4 6 6 5 4 PIG CROP: SOWS FARROWED AND PIGS SAVED, MASS., 1970-1979 YEAR SOWS (1,000 HEAD) SPRING FARROWINGS PIGS PER LITTER PIGS SAVED PER 1,000 FALL FARROWINGS SOWS ; 1,000 HEAD) PIGS PER LITTER PIGS SAVED PER 1,000 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 7.4 7.6 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.6 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.2 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.8 6.9 7.2 6.5 46 51 44 42 42 43 45 35 36 39 7.8 6.0 47 7.4 6.3 47 7.0 6.2 43 7.1 6.0 43 6.8 6.0 41 6.8 5.7 39 5.7 6.5 37 6.5 6.6 43 6.0 6.8 41 6.5 6.5 42 HOGS: PRODUCTION AND INCOME, MASS., 1970-1979 YEAR PRODUCTION MARKETING PRICE PER 100 POUNDS CASH RECEIPTS VALUE OF HOME CONSUMPTION GROSS INCOME 1,000 POUNDS DOLLARS 1,000 DOLLARS 1970 19,139 1971 19,746 1972 19,191 1973 18,862 1974 18,764 1975 19,100 1976 17,891 1977 15,832 1978 17,211 1979 18,640 19,998 18.50 3,540 19,556 17.50 3,422 19,835 25.00 4,959 18,068 37.00 6,685 19,910 33.00 6,570 18,260 45.00 8,217 17,377 45.00 7,820 14,062 37.00 5,203 16,640 45.00 7,488 17,820 44.00 7,841 81 3,781 77 3,499 110 5,069 171 6,856 254 6,824 347 8,564 355 8,175 292 5,495 304 7,792 297 8,138 Number (1,000 Head MASSACHUSETTS HOGS INVENTORY NUMBER AND VALUE Value (1,000 Dollars) 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 HOGS: NUMBER AND VALUE OF HOGS ON FARMS DECEMBER 1, MASS., 1970-1979 YEAR BREEDING NUMBER I MARKET TOTAL VALUE PER HEAD TOTAL 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1,000 HEAD 11 62 73 9 64 73 9 54 63 10 50 60 8 43 51 8 42 50 7 43 50 8 52 60 8 52 60 9 51 60 OLLARS 1,000 DOLLARS 28.50 32.00 37.50 2,081 2,336 2,363 62.50 48.00 64.50 50.50 3,750 2,448 3,225 2,525 59.50 76.50 55.50 3,570 4,590 3,330 SHEEP AND LAMBS: NUMBER AND VALUE ON FARMS, JANUARY 1, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1980 YEAR NUMBER 1,000 HEAD PER HEAD DOLLARS VALUE TOTAL 1 ,000 DOLLARS 1971 1972 1973 8.2 7.8 7.5 20.00 20.00 28.00 164 156 210 1974 1975 1976 1977 6.9 7.0 7.2 6.7 40.00 46.50 46.00 48.00 276 326 331 322 1978 1979 1980 6.8 6.7 7.1 53.50 63.00 78.50 364 422 557 Number 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 SHEEP & LAMBS: JANUARY 1 , NUMBER AND VALUE MASSACHUSETTS 1970 Total Value 1 ,000 Dollars) 700 Year SHEEP AND LAMBS: INVENTORY NUMBER BY CLASS. JAN. 1, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1980 ALL SHEEP LAMBS ONE YEAR AND OVER YEAR ALL LAMBS EWES WETHERS EWES WETHERS AND LAMBS AND RAMS AND RAMS 1,000 HEAD 1971 8.2 1.7 1.4 .3 5.9 .6 1972 7.8 1.4 1.0 .4 5.8 .6 1973 7.5 1.4 1.0 .4 5.5 .6 1974 6.9 1.4 1.0 .4 5.0 .5 1975 7.0 1.5 1 .1 .4 5.1 .4 1976 7.2 1.5 1.1 .4 5.3 .4 1977 6.7 1.4 1.0 .4 4.9 .4 ! 1978 6.8 1.6 1.1 .5 4.7 .5 1979 6.7 1.3 1.0 .3 4.9 .5 1980 7.1 1.6 1.2 .4 5.0 .5 1 6 1 SHEEP AND LAMBS: INVENTORY NUMBERS, LAMB CROP AND DISPOSITION, MASSACHUSETTS 1970-1979 ON HAND JAN. 1 YEAR ALL SHEEP LAMB CROP MARKETING AND LAMBS SHEEP LAMBS 1,000 HEAD 1970 8.6 6.2 1.6 3.2 1971 8.2 6.2 1.5 2.8 1972 7.8 5.6 1.3 2.9 1973 7.5 5.3 1.4 2.7 1974 6.9 5.2 .5 2.4 1975 7.0 5.5 1.2 2.6 1976 7.2 5.6 1.5 3.3 1977 6.7 5.7 .8 3.4 1978 6.8 5.3 1.0 2.9 1979 6.7 5.1 .8 2.5 FARM SLAUGHTER SHEEP AND LAMBS DEATHS SHEEP & LAMBS .1 .3 .2 1.3 1.1 1.1 .4 .2 .4 .3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 .4 .5 .5 1.0 1.0 .9 SHEEP AND LAMBS: PRODUCTION AND INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 PRICE PER VALUE OF YEAR PRODUCTION MARKETINGS 100 LBS. CASH RECEIPTS HOME GROSS SHEEP LAMBS CONSUMPTION INCOME 1 ,000 POUNDS DOLLARS 1,000 DOLLARS 1970 391 454 8 40 26 00 80 3 89 1971 440 443 10 00 25 50 91 9 100 1972 382 397 12 00 32 50 98 7 105 1973 366 395 14 00 41 00 112 21 133 1974 349 318 17 00 37 00 91 10 101 1975 378 302 26 00 68 00 150 35 185 1976 325 336 28 00 72 00 182 35 203 1977 343 268 29 00 72 00 150 46 196 1978 341 264 38 00 84 00 160 67 227 1979 327 191 39 00 85 00 117 82 199 WOOL: FARM PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 YEAR SHEEP SHORN WEIGHT PER FLEECE SHORN WOOL PRODUCTION PRICE PER POUND VALUE 1,000 HEAD POUNDS 1,000 POUNDS CENTS 1,000 DOLLARS 1970 1971 1972 7.9 7.7 7.2 7.2 6.9 7.2 57 53 52 41 31 34 23 16 18 1973 1974 1975 1976 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.7 7.2 7.4 7.2 6.9 50 49 46 46 71 62 31 60 36 30 14 28 1977 1978 1979 6.2 6.3 6.6 7.1 6.8 6.8 44 43 45 78 74 84 34 32 38 DAIRY REVIEW 1979 HILK PRODUCTION: Milk production during 1979 totaled 563 million pounds down 1 percent from the previous year's produc- tion of 571 million pounds. Production per cow at 12,511 pounds continued an upward trend that started in 1974 and has set new records each of the last three years. The number of dairy cows during 1979 averaged 45,000 head, down 3,000 head from 1978. The decrease in the number of milk cows continued the long term downward trend. MILK DISPOSITION AND BLEND PRICE: Farmers in Massachusetts marketed a total of 554,000,000 pounds of milk during 1979, down 1 percent from 1978. Of the total amount marketed, 13,500,000 pounds were retailed directly to consumers by farm- ers, compared with 14,900,000 pounds in 1978. Milk used on farms totaled 9,000,000 pounds, of which 4,000,000 pounds were for food and drink, unchanged from 1978. The other 5,000,000 pounds were fed to calves, the same as in 1978. The annual wholesale milk blend price averaged $12.80 per hundredweight for 1979, $1.30 higher than in 1978. The blend price during the year had a low of $12.00 per hundredweight in May and June and a high of $13.90 in November. The total cash receipts from marketings of milk and cream during 1979 was $73,404,000, up $6,054,000 from the 1978 total of $67,829,000. MANUFACTURED DAIRY PRODUCTS: A total of 6,255,000 pounds of cheese was produced in Massachusetts during 1979,. down 20 percent from the 1978 production of 7,780,000 pounds. Ice cream production totaled 42,463,000 gallons, down 1 percent from 1978. The production of ice milk totaled 10,454,000 gallons, up 7 percent from 1978. Milk sherbet production totaled 1,829,000 gallons, down 13 percent from the previous year. MILK: FARM PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS SOLD, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 YEAR NO. MILK COWS ON ]_/ FARMS PRODUCTION 2/ PER MILK COW MILKFAT PERCENTAGE OF FAT IN ALL MILK PRODUCED TOTAL MILK MILKFAT CASH RECEIPTS FROM MARKETINGS OF MILK AND CREAM GROSS FARM INCOME FROM DAIRY PRODUCTS 3/ FARM VALUE OF MILK PRODUCED 4/ THOUS. POUNDS PERCENT MILLION POUNDS 1,000 DOLLARS 1970 60 10,967 408 3.72 658 24 47,788 48,381 48,758 1971 59 11,153 414 3.71 658 24 48,248 48,846 49,218 1972 57 11,035 409 3.71 629 23 47,441 47,979 48,370 1973 55 10,818 395 3.65 595 22 50,582 51,190 51,646 1974 54 10,981 402 3.66 593 22 56,643 58,717 59,241 1975 54 11,130 404 3.63 601 22 59,884 60,596 61,122 1976 54 11,074 405 3.66 598 22 65 ,882 66,669 67,215 1977 51 11,706 431 3.68 597 22 65,882 66,556 67,103 1978 48 11,917 437 3.67 571 21 67,350 67,949 68,526 1979 45 12,511 455 3.64 563 20 73,404 73,934 74,598 y Average number on farms during year, excluding heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excluded milk sucked by calves. 3/ Cash receipts from marketing of milk and cream plus value of milk for home consumption and farm- churned butter. 4/ Includes value of milk fed to calves at average returns per 100 pounds of milk in combined marketings of mi Ik and cream. TREND IN MILK COWS, PRODUCTION, FAT TEST AND PRICE; MASSACHUSETTS 1970-1979 MILK: QUANTITY MARKETED, PRICE AND CASH RECEIPTS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 SOLD TO PLANTS SOLD DIRECTLY TO CONSUMERS COMBINED MARKETINGS YEAR PRICE -.^, QUANTITY PER_ ^^^ASH^^ PRICE p„;-n QUANTITY ^PER^ ,,^ASH^^ PRICE ^.<-, QUANTITY PER ,,^ffp,3 CWT. 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Million Dollars 1,000 Pounds Dollars 595 6.82 40,579 600 6,96 41,760 580 7.23 41,934 550 8.22 45,210 550 9.50 52,250 555 9,65 53,558 550 10.70 58,850 550 10.70 58,850 530 11.50 60,950 525 12.80 67,200 Million Cents 1,000 Quarts Dollars 23.3 31.0 7,209 20.9 31.0 6,488 17.2 32.0 5,507 15.3 35,0 5,372 14.4 40.0 5,768 15.8 40.0 6,326 16.7 42.0 7,032 16.7 42.0 7,032 14.9 43.0 6,400 13.5 46.0 6,204 Million Dollars 1,000 Pounds Dollars 645 7.41 47,788 645 7.48 48,248 617 7.69 47,441 583 8.68 50,582 581 9.99 58,018 589 10.17 59,884 586 11.24 65,882 586 11.24 65,882 562 11.98 67,350 554 13.25 73,404 MILK: QUANTITIES USED AND MARKETED BY FARMERS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 TOTAL MILK USED ON FARMS WHERE PRODUCED MILK MARKETED BY FARMERS USED FOR FED SOLD TO SOLD YEAR PRODUCED MILK, CREAM TO TOTAL PLANTS AND DIRECTLY TOTAL AND BUTTER CALVES DEALERS TO CONSUMERS Mill TO n Pounds 1970 658 8 5 13 595 50 645 1971 658 8 5 13 600 45 645 1972 629 7 5 12 580 37 617 1973 595 7 5 12 550 33 583 1974 593 7 5 12 550 31 581 1975 601 7 5 12 555 34 589 1976 598 7 5 12 550 36 586 1977 597 6 5 11 550 36 586 1978 571 4 5 9 530 32 562 1979 563 4 5 9 525 29 554 MILK: SOLD TO PLANTS, MONTHLY AND ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICE PER 100 POUNDS RECEIVED BY FARMERS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL AVERAGE Dollars 1970 1971 1972 6.95 7.05 7.20 6.85 7.00 7.25 6.65 6.90 7.00 6.50 6.65 6.75 6.30 6.45 6.65 6.20 6.30 6.50 6.65 6.70 6.95 6.90 7.00 7.45 7.15 7.30 7.75 7.35 7.40 7.95 7.30 7.45 7.95 7.20 7.25 7.65 6.82 6.94 7.24 1973 1974 1975 1976 7.70 9.80 9.05 11.10 7.75 9.90 9.00 10.80 7.55 9.85 8.75 10.70 7.30 9.80 8.60 10.00 7.15 9.25 8.35 9.90 7.20 8.50 8.35 9.75 7.75 8.90 9.00 10.40 8.55 9.40 9.60 11.00 9.25 9.70 10.30 11.30 9.55 9.80 10.80 11.50 9.80 10.00 11.10 11.20 9.70 9.45 11.20 11.70 8.22 9.50 9.45 10.70 1977 1978 1979 10,60 11,10 12.70 10.50 11.20 12.80 10.20 11.00 12.50 10.20 10.70 12.20 9,90 10.70 12.00 10.00 10.60 12.00 10.50 11.00 12.50 10.90 11.60 13.10 11.20 12.10 13.40 11.40 12.70 13.80 11.40 12.90 13.90 11.20 12.60 13.40 10.70 11.50 12.80 10 MASSACHUSETTS MILK COWS ON FARMS, BY QUARTERS 1970-1979 MONTH 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Thousan ds of Head Mar. 31 60 60 58 56 54 55 54 51 50 46 June 30 L 60 59 57 55 54 53 53 51 48 45 F Sept. 30 60 58 57 54 54 54 53 51 47 45 Dec. 31 60 58 57 54 54 55 53 51 46 45 Annual 60 59 57 55 54 54 54 51 48 45 MASSACHUSETTS MILK PRODUCTION PER COW, BY QUARTERS 1970-1979 MONTH 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Pounds Jan- Mar. 2,750 2,700 2,793 2,714 2,704 2,725 2,775 2,900 2,900 3,085 April - June 2,900 2,949 2,965 2,880 2,891 3,020 3,000 3,060 3,125 3,290 July- Sept. 2,683 2,810 2,649 2,612 2,673 2,720 2,755 2,940 2,955 3,020 Oct.- Dec. 2,634 2,694 2,628 2,612 2,713 2,620 2,700 2,865 2,980 3,045 Annual 10,967 11,153 11,035 10,818 10,981 11,130 11,075 11,706 11,896 12,511 MASSACHUSETTS MILK PRODUCTION, BY QUARTERS 1970-1979 MONTH 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Mill ion Pour ds Mar. 165 162 162 152 146 150 150 148 145 142 June 174 174 169 161 159 160 159 156 150 148 Sept. 161 163 151 141 147 147 146 149 139 136 Dec. 158 159 147 141 141 144 143 147 137 137 Annual 658 658 629 595 593 601 598 597 571 563 11 MANUFACTURED DAIRY: PRODUCTION MAJOR PRODUCTS, MASS., 1970-1979 YEAR TOTAL CHEESE 1/ ICE CREAM ICE MILK MILK SHERBET 1,000 POUNDS 1 ,000 GALLONS 1970 1971 1972 6,430 7,268 6,416 40,944 40,455 41,025 7,822 7,514 8,802 2,645 2,556 2,393 1973 1974 1975 1976 5,976 5,412 5,288 6,123 42,302 43,607 47,761 46,320 7,742 9,611 9,177 7,245 2,330 2,186 1,985 2,116 1977 1978 1979 5,786 7,780 6,255 45,255 42,909 42,463 7,483 9,779 10,454 2,180 2,102 1,829 !_/ Excluding cottage cheese PRODUCTION TRENDS FOR CHEESE, ICE CREAM, ICE MILK AND MILK SHERBET; MASSACHUSETTS 1970-1979 % of 1970 % of 1970 90_ 80 _ 70. 60_ 50 4^ MILK SHERBET - J .150 140 1-130 .120 -110 -100 - 90 - 80 70 60 50 12 POULTRY REVIEW 1979 CHICKENS: The December 1, 1979 inventory of chickens on farms (excluding broilers) in Massachusetts showed 1,726,000 birds, up 9 percent from a year earlier but still 13 percent below 1977. Of these, there were I 617,000 hens of laying age, up 12 percent from 1978. Pullets of laying age increased 22 percent over 1978 to 755,000. Total value of the December 1 inventory at $3,711,000 was up 15 percent from 1978, due partly to a 10 cent rise in the average value per bird. Growers marketed 7,937,000 pounds of mature chickens dur- ing 1979 at 13.2 cents per pound compared to 10,500,000 pounds at 12.3 cents per pound the previous year. EGGS: [Massachusetts egg production in 1979 fell to 339 million, which is a 10 year low and a 1 percent drop from last year's production of 341 million eggs. Although the annual rate of lay per bird increased to 244, an all time high, the number of layers on hand decreased by 26,000 causing the decline in egg produc- tion. For their eggs, Massachusetts growers received an average of 73.8 cents per dozen during 1979. This price is an 11 percent increase over the 1978 average price per dozen of 66.2 cents. Gross income received for eggs was $20,849,000 in 1979, an 11 percent increase over the previous year. TURKEYS: Farmers in Massachusetts raised 140,000 turkeys during 1979, 6,000 or 4 percent fewer than during the previous year. The average weight of these predominantly heavy breed birds was 20.0 pounds. For , their turkeys, growers during 1979 received an average of 65.0 cents per pound, which is 3 cents per pound less than the price received in 1978. Total value of the 1979 production was $1,820,000, down 11 percent from the previous year, but up 21 percent from 1977. 13 CHICKENS: NUMBER, VALUE, AND CLASSES OF CHICKENS ON FARMS, DECEMBER 1, MASS., 1970-1979 ALL CHICKENS VALUE HENS AND PULLETS OF LAYING AGE OTHER YEAR PER HEAD TOTAL HENS PULLETS CHICKENS 1,000 HEAD DOLLARS 1,000 DOLLARS 1,000 HEAD 1970 1971 1972 2,852 2,769 2,279 1 1 1 90 85 40 5,419 5,171 4,280 884 886 729 1,415 1,313 1,069 553 570 481 1973 1974 1975 1976 2,240 2,237 2,091 1,870 2 2 2 2 00 10 35 40 4,480 4,698 4,914 4,488 896 772 725 593 807 939 786 782 537 526 580 495 1977 1978 1979 1,990 1,580 1,726 2 2 2 05 05 15 4,080 3,239 3,711 465 550 617 1,005 620 755 520 410 354 CHICKENS: PRODUCTION, DISPOSITION, CASH RECEIPTS, AND GROSS INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 YEAR NUMBER OF BIRDS PRODUCED CONSUMED SOLD 2/ 3/ LIVEWEIGHT PRODUCED CONSUMED 2/ 3/ SOLD PRICE PER LB. CASH RECEIPTS VALUE OF CHICKENS CONSUMED GROSS INCOME 1,000 1 ,000 POUNDS ) CENTS 1,000 DOLLARS 1970 1,352 18 1,520 8,102 85 8,816 9.6 846 8 854 1971 1,628 13 1,672 8,869 61 9,196 8.5 782 5 787 1972 1,902 12 1,628 10,089 55 8,791 9.5 835 5 840 1973 1,730 12 1,830 8,944 55 9,699 15.4 1,494 8 1,502 1974 1,870 12 1,697 10,831 55 10,012 10.3 1,031 6 1,037 1975 1,411 11 1,806 7,375 51 9,572 10.3 986 5 991 1976 1,676 11 1,746 8,639 51 9,063 13.3 1,277 7 1,284 1977 1,800 11 1,499 9,120 51 8,245 11.3 932 6 938 1978 1,640 11 1,909 8,484 51 10,500 12.3 1,292 6 1,298 1979 1,700 11 1,443 8,822 51 7,937 13.2 1,048 7 1,055 y Does not include commercial broilers. 2/ Production is the mumber (or pounds) available for utilization during the year, i.e. consumption, plus or minus change in inventory. 3/ Consumed in farm households on farms where produced. sales plus home 14 MASSACHUSETTS CHICKENS: CLASSES OF CHICKENS ON FARMS NUMBER MILLIONS 4.0 1.0 •5. 0 V . PULLETS OF LAYING AGE\ x \ \ \ \^ V \ \ \ \ -^ V % V \ » \ ^ ^ ^ \ ^ ^ -VA, 70 7 ^^^Vt" , OTHER CHICKENS 72 74 MASSACHUSETTS CHICKEN INVENTORY: NUMBER AND VALUE NUMBER MILLIONS MILLION DOLLARS -6.0 15 EGGS, NUMBER OF HENS AND PULLETS OF LAYING AGE, RATE OF LAY AND PRODUCTION, MASS. ,1970-1979 YEAR HENS & PULLETS ANNUAL AVERAGE RATE OF LAY 1/ EGG PRODUCTION Thousands Number Millions 1970 1971 1972 2,370 2,274 2,010 220 225 232 521 512 466 1973 1974 1975 1976 1,721 1,610 1,669 1,430 228 234 241 240 393 376 402 343 1977 1978 1979 1,485 1,413 1,387 238 241 244 354 341 339 \J Annual rate of lay per layer on hand. (Eggs produced during year divided by average number of layers.) EGGS: PRODUCTION, PRICE, CASH INCOME AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 EGGS EGGS PRICE CASH INCOME GROSS YEAR PRODUCED SOLD PER DOZEN FROM SALES INCOME Mi 1 1 i ons Cents 1,000 Dollars 1970 521 519 50 9 22 014 22 ,099 1971 512 511 44 .5 18 949 18 ,986 1972 466 465 42 ,9 16 624 16 ,660 1973 393 392 62 9 20 548 20 ,600 1974 376 375 64 5 20 156 20 ,210 1975 402 401 66 2 22 122 22 ,177 1976 343 342 72 .1 20 549 20 ,609 1977 355 354 69 9 20 621 20 ,679 1978 341 340 66 2 18 757 18 ,812 1979 339 338 73 .8 20 787 20 ,849 16 TURKEYS: PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 YEAR TURKEYS HEAVY RAISED LIGHT POUNDS 1/ PRODUCED- PRICE PER POUND 2/ VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1, 000 1,000 Pounds Cents 1,000 Dollars 1970 1971 1972 209 173 141 15 19 29 4,525 3,840 3,383 35.5 35.5 36.0 1,606 1,363 1,218 1 1973 1974 1975 1976 144 139 106 122 29 33 19 21 3,287 3,268 2,375 2,860 62.0 57.0 58.0 58.0 2,038 1,863 1,378 1,659 1977 1978 1979 110 128 133 15 18 7 2,600 2,993 2,800 58.0 68.0 65.0 1,508 2,035 1,820 \J Includes home consumption, 2/ Liveweight equivalent price. MASSACHUSETTS TURKEYS NUMBER RAISED AND VALUE OF PRODUCTION Turkeys Raised (1000 Birds) 300 Value of Production 1000 Dollars) 2500 2000 1500 1000 17 MISCELLANEOUS LIVESTOCK BEE AND HONEY: Honey production in Massachusetts totaled 396,000 pounds in 1979, 6 percent less than the pre- vious year. The reduced production resulted from lower yield per colony, as the number of colonies remained the same, at 12,000. The price received per pound of honey was 20 cents lower in 1979 than the record high price of $1.03 in 1977 and 1978. MINK: Mink pelt production in Massachusetts in 1979 totaled 18,000 pelts, down 2,000 pelts from 1978. Of the pelts produced in 1979, 8.9 percent were standard; 30.0 percent were pastel; 13.9 percent were pearl; 27.2 percent were demibuff and 20.0 percent were other colors. Mink females bred to produce kits in 1980 totaled 5,200 down 100 from 1979. BEES, HONEY AND BEESWAX: COLONIES OF BEES, PRODUCTION PRICE PER POUND AND VALUE OF PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 COLONIES OF BEES HONEY YIELD PER COLONY PRODUC- TION PRICE PER POUND VALUE OF PRODUCTION BEESWAX PRODUC- TION PRICE PER POUND VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1,000 1970 9 1971 9 1972 9 1973 9 1974 12 1975 12 1976 12 1977 12 1978 12 1979 12 Lbs. 24 25 19 26 16 27 19 22 35 33 ,000 Lbs. Cents 1,000 Dols. 1 ,000 Lbs. Ce 216 39.2 85 4 75 225 42.2 95 5 80 171 50.0 86 3 75 234 66.8 156 4 90 192 81.2 156 4 110 324 96.9 314 8 110 228 101.0 230 4 110 264 103.0 272 5 150 420 103.0 433 5 160 396 83.1 329 6 160 1,000 Dols. 3 4 2 4 4 9 4 10 10 18 MASSACHUSETTS APIARY INSPECTION, 1978 and 1979 1/ COLONIES COLONIES COLONIES COLONIES COLONIES COLONIES COUNTY EXAMINED OWNED A.F B. E.F B. TREATED DESTROYED 1978 1979 1978 1979 1978 1979 1978 1979 1978 1979 1978 1979 1 Barnstable 0 0 596 .. .. .. ._ .. .. .. „ .. Berkshire 13 20 204 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bristol 336 96 922 96 15 4 22 1 15 0 1 0 Essex 995 150 1825 211 10 0 0 0 10 0 1 0 Franklin 24 47 402 66 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hampden 11 0 950 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- Hampshire 3 100 548 177 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Middlesex 1963 2158 5035 3628 17 35 79 81 17 70 1 0 Norfolk 404 530 1450 530 21 15 15 7 21 15 1 0 Plymouth 1479 486 2068 589 34 34 45 14 34 3 12 0 Worcester 207 306 829 330 14 0 3 1 14 0 0 0 Suffolk 6 19 6 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 STATE 5504 3912 14827 5666 t 111 89 1 164 104 111 88 1 16 0 1 1/ Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture--Apiary Inspection RANCHES PRODUCING MINK PELTS IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1979 YEAR 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 NUMBER OF RANCHES 24 18 18 15 16 9 16 16 12 MINK: FEMALES BRED TO PRODUCE KITS AND MINK PELTS PRODUCED BY COLOR CLASS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1974-1980 COLOR FEMALES BRED PELTS PRODUCED CLASS 1974 1 1975 1976 1 1977 1 1978 1 1979 1980 1 1974 1 1975 1976 11977 1 1978 1 1979 1, 000 Fema les 1 ,000 Pelts Standard .84 1.08 1.70 1.50 1/ .69 .68 1 40 1.40 1/ 1/ 1.50 1.60 Pastel 3.50 2.85 2.30 1.80 3.20 2.60 1.50 9 80 10.90 6.50 8.40 6.50 5.40 Pearl .84 .99 1/ .64 1/ .80 .73 2 90 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 2.50 Violet Type .76 .69 1/ 1/ 1/ .69 .53 1 60 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ Demi buff 1.30 3 .00 3.20 3.60 4.40 5.40 4.90 All Others .56 .39 2.-00 1.06 2.30 .62 .46 1 30 7.50 5.90 1/ 1/ 3.60 Total 6.50 6.00 6.00 5.00 5.70 5.40 5.20 20 00 23.00 16.00 21.00 20.00 18.00 1/ Included in All Others to avoid disclosing individual operations "19 The following periodic reports and special bulletins are available upon request to: New England Crop & Livestock Reporting Service U.S. Department of Agriculture P.O. Box 1444 Concord, New Hampshire 03301 (603)224-9639 Crops Potatoes - Acres planted, August; Acreage, yield per acre and production, October, November and December. Potato Stocks - Stocks on hand as of the first of the month, December through April. (Maine) Tobacco - Acreage for harvest, July; Production, August through November and January final. Prospective Plantings - Pre-planting acreage intentions for feed crops, tobacco, April. Massachusetts Annual Crop Summary - End of season report of acreage, yield, production and value of production, January. Fruit - Apples - Production estimated as of July 1, August 1 (including variety estimates), October 1 and January final, including variety estimates. Peaches - June 1 and January final estimate of production Cranberries - Production, August, October and November. Maple Syrup - Production, May; Prices received by producers, November. Sweet Corn - Acreage and Production, in season Flowers and foliage plants - March. Vegetables - Annual production, price and value, January. Livestock and Products Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop - January 1 cattle inventory, value; calf crop and cattle farms Hogs and Pigs - Sows farrowed and pigs saved, June and December. December includes inventory and value Sheep and Lambs - January 1 inventory numbers, lamb crop and values - February Wool - Sheep shorn, weight per fleece, production, price, value, April. Livestock Slaughter - Quarterly report on number and weight of livestock slaughtered by kinds, February, May, August and November Milk and Feed - Number of milk cows, production (quarterly for all New England States except Vermont for which monthly estimates are published). Monthly for all states, milk price and test, hay and feed prices. Annual for all states, herd replacements, and corn, oats and hay acreages and production estimates in season. Manufactured Dairy Products - Monthly production of manufactured dairy products. Mink Production - Annual report of number of pelts, females bred and number of mink ranches, July. Poultry and Eggs Broiler Chicks - Weekly broiler chicks placed and broiler-type eggs set. (Maine) Chicken Inventory - Chickens on farms on December 1, by class and average value of all chickens - January Poultry Report - Egg production, layer numbers, broiler and egg type chicks hatched, poults hatched, pullet chicks hatched for hatchery supply flocks, monthly Turkeys - Turkeys raised, August and January Bees and Honey - Number of colonies, honey production and prices, January Other Reports Massachusetts Agricultural Statistics - Annual publication of all crops and livestock Crop-Weather - Weekly summary of crop and weather conditions. May through September Farm Income - Annual report of income from marketing of crops and livestock, August. 20 CROPS REVIEW The preliminary estimate of value of production in 1979 from corn silage, hay, tobacco and potatoes totaled $52.3 million. Hay, at $20.0 million was the largest component of the total. Corn silage, at $16.6 million, was second, followed by tobacco, at $10.8 million and potatoes at $4.9 million. CORN SILAGE: Corn silage reached a record high production of 663,000 tons in 1979, slightly higher than the 660,000 tons produced the preceding year. Corn for silage was cut from 39,000 acres, with a yield of 17 tons per acre, equalling the record high yield set in 1969. HAY: Production of all hay in 1979 totaled 278,000 tons, a 6 percent increase from 1978. This hay was cut from 115,000 acres yielding an average of 2.4 tons each. Alfalfa hay, cut from 26,000 acres, yielded 2.9 tons per acre, and totaled 75,000 tons, up 10 percent from the amount produced in 1978. Hay, other than alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures, totaled 203,000 tons, an increase of 5 percent from 1978. Yield of other hay averaged 2.25 tons per acre in 1979, compared with 2.15 in 1978. POTATOES: Potato production during 1979, at 748,000 hundredweight, was 8 percent less than in 1978, and placed Massachusetts 22nd in the production of fall potatoes. Harvested acreage of potatoes totaled 3,400 in 1979, continuing a decline which began in the 1890's, from a level above 30,000 acres. Yield per acre, at 220 hundredweight, was slightly below the record high of 240 set in 1977. The value of production totaled $4.7 million or an average of $6.50 per hundredweight, 5 percent less than the previous year's total value of $5.1 mill ion. TOBACCO: Shade tobacco production in the Commonwealth totaled 1,078,000 pounds in 1979, 4 percent less than 1978 production. Area harvested totaled 770 acres, down 10 percent from 1978. Yield v/as 1,400 pounds per acre, compared with 1,300 pounds the preceding year. Acres harvested, at 770 in 1979, continues a decline from the peak of 2,500 acres in 1965. At an average price of $8.50 per pound, the value of the crop totaled over $9 million, an increase of 9 percent from the 1978 value. Havana seed tobacco production was estimated at 814,000 pounds in 1979, compared with 340,000 pounds in 1978. Yield, at 1,850 pounds per acre, was down from the previous year average of 2,000. 21 CORN: ACREAGE, YIELD AND PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970 - 1979 YEAR 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 ACREAGE HARVESTED FOR ALL PURPOSES 1,000 32 34 33 35 35 36 38 38 40 39 ACRES 1,000 32 34 33 35 35 35 38 38 40 39 HARVESTED FOR SILAGE PER ACRE PRODUCTION TONS 1,000 TONS 16.5 528 16.5 561 12.0 396 14.5 508 16.0 560 15.0 540 15.5 589 16.0 608 16.5 660 17.0 663 ACRES HARVESTED (iqoo MASSACHUSETTS CORN Acres Harvested for Silage and Production PRODUCTION 1,000 TONS) 600 0 .' .^ ^nn 500 ALL HAY: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970 - 1979 CROP ACRES YIELD PRICE VALUE OF YEAR HARVESTED PER ACRE PRODUCTION PER TON PRODUCTION 1,000 TONS 1,000 TONS DOLLARS 1,000 DOLLARS 1970 116 2.09 242 39.00 9,438 1971 113 2.13 241 41.00 9,881 1972 111 1.87 208 50.00 10,400 1973 116 2.24 260 50.00 13,000 1974 115 2.12 244 63.00 15,327 1975 121 2.17 263 79.00 20,777 1976 121 2.10 254 71.00 18,034 1977 117 1.99 233 69.00 16,077 1978 116 2.26 262 73.00 19,126 1979 116 2.40 278 72.00 20,016 22 MASSACHUSETTS ALL HAY PRICE PER TON AND VALUE OF PRODUCTION Price per Ton (Dollars) 90 Value of Production (1000 Dollars) 20,000 70 50 30 1970 Acres (000) 74 76 MASSACHUSETTS ALL HAY ACREAGE AND PRODUCTION 120 100 16,000 12,000 8,000 Production (000 Tons) 60 300 250 200 150 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 23 ALFALFA HAY: ACREAGE, YIELD AND PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS 1970-1979 CROP YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1,000 29 28 26 26 25 26 27 25 26 26 TONS 2.65 2.55 2.25 2.55 2.55 2.60 2.45 2.30 2.60 2.90 1,000 TONS 77 71 59 66 64 68 66 58 68 75 ALL OTHER HAY: ACREAGE, YIELD AND PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS 1970-1979 CROP YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1,000 87 85 85 90 90 95 94 92 90 90 TONS 1.90 2.00 1.75 2.15 2.00 2.05 2.00 1.90 2.15 2.25 1,000 TONS 165 170 149 194 180 195 188 175 194 203 POTATOES: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS 1970-1979 CROP ACREAGE YIELD TOTAL SEASON VALUE OF YEAR HARVESTED PER ACRE PRODUCTION AVG. PRICE PER CWT. PRODUCTION ACRES CWT. 1,000 CWT. DOLLARS 1,000 DOLLARS 1970 5,100 205 1,046 2.69 2,814 1971 4,800 210 1,008 2.50 2,520 1972 4,000 160 640 3.90 2,496 1973 4,000 160 640 4.90 3,336 1974 4.400 200 880 3.50 3,080 1975 3,900 205 800 5.00 4,000 1976 3,500 220 770 5.80 4.466 1977 3,700 240 888 5.40 4,795 1978 3,600 225 810 6.30 5,103 1979 3,400 220 748 6.50 4,862 24 Price MASSACHUSETTS POTATOES Value of per CWT. Production (Dollpirs) Season Average Price and Value of Production (1000 Dollars) 7,000 6,000 5,000 — 4,000 3,000 2,000 1970 ACRES 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 MASSACHUSETTS POTATOES HARVESTED ACRES AND PRODUCTION PRODUCTION (000 CWT.) 1200 1000 800 600 400 TOBACCO, SHADE TYPE: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE 1969-1979 AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS. YEAR ACREAGE HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION PRICE PER POUND VALUE OF PRODUCTION Acres Pounds 1 ,000 Pounds Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars 1969 1970 1971 1972 1,900 1,850 1,300 1,150 1,340 1,535 1,725 1,250 2,546 2,840 2,243 1,438 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.85 10,184 11,360 8,972 6,974 1973 1974 1975 1,300 1,300 1,250 1,210 1,610 1,335 1,573 2,093 1,669 5.15 6.00 5.40 8,101 12,558 10,682 1976 1977 1978 1979 1,050 980 860 770 1,480 1,600 1,300 1,400 1,554 1,568 1,118 1 ,078 5.40 6.00 7.50 8.50 8,392 9,408 8,385 9,163 TOBACCO, HAVANA SEED: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1969-1979 YEAR ACREAGE HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION PRICE PER POUND VALUE OF PRODUCTION Acres Pounds 1,000 Pounds Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars 1969 1970 1971 1972 400 370 310 260 1,520 1,950 2,050 1,850 608 722 636 481 0.56 0.61 0.61 0.62 340 440 388 298 1973 1974 1975 210 160 170 1,850 2,040 1,650 389 326 281 0.72 0.82 0.98 280 267 275 1976 1977 1978 1979 160 180 170 440 1,819 1,880 2,000 1,850 291 338 340 814 0.87 0.98 1.10 1.20 253 331 374 977 26 MASSACHUSETTS HAVANA SEED TOBACCO ACRES HARVESTED AND VALUE OF PRODUCTION HARVESTED ACRES 600 400 200 VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1000 DOLLARS) 600 400 200 HARVESTED ACRES 3000 2000 MASSACHUSETTS SHADE TOBACCO ACRES HARVESTED AND VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1000 VALUE OF PRODUCTION (1000 Dollars) 12000 10000 8000 6000 27 FRUIT AND VEGETABLE REVIEW APPLES: Bay State orchards produced 95 million pounds (2,262,000 42 pound units) of apples. This was 10 percent less than the 1978 total of 105 million pounds. At an average price of 15.5 cents per pound, the value of the crop was $14,725,000, an increase of 2 percent from the value of the 1978 crop. PEACHES: The production of peaches in 1979 totaled 69,000 48 pound units, a 5 percent decrease from the 1977 and 1978 totals. Because of higher price, $15.36 per 48 pounds, compared with $13.92 in 1978, the value of production increased 4 percent to $1,056,000. CRANBERRIES: Cranberry production totaled 1,080,000 barrels in 1979, a decrease of 8 percent from the record production in 1978 of 1,180,000 barrels. At an average price of $25.90 per barrel, the value of produc- tion was nearly $28 million, a 10 percent increase from the value of the 1978 crop, and set a new record. TOMATOES: A total of 118,000 hundredweight of tomatoes were grown in 1979, a 16 percent decrease from the 1978 total. Although the average price of $24.60 per hundredweight was higher than the 1978 average, it was not enough to offset the decline in production, thus the 1979 value of production of $2,903,000 was 6 percent less than in 1978. SWEET CORN: Sweet corn production at 580,000 hundredweight in 1979 was 1 percent higher than in 1978. Because of a higher average price, $8.99 per cwt., the value of production was $5,214,000, a 30 percent increase from the 1978 value. PEACHES: PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 PRICE VALUE YEAR PRODUCTION [ 'ER OF UNIT PRODUCTION 1 ,000 48 DOLLARS 1,000 DOLLARS POUND UNITS 1970 73 5 27 385 1971 79 5 05 399 1972 35 8 26 289 1973 58 9 66 560 1974 35 8 74 306 1975 85 9 64 820 1976 69 12 44 858 1977 73 10 .55 770 1978 73 13 90 1015 1979 69 15 30 1056 28 CRANBERRIES: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1969-1979 YEAR ACRES YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION 1/ FRESH SALES SOLD FOR PROCESSING SHRINKAGE 2/ SEASON AVERAGE PRICE PER BARREL 3/ VALUE BARRELS 1 ,000 BARRELS 1 ,000 BARRELS DOLLARS 1,000 DOLS. 1970 1971 1972 11,200 11,200 11,200 85.4 95.7 73.1 957 1,072 819 210 239 170 607 441 600 47 57 49 10.70 10.70 12.60 9,245 7,886 10,319 1973 1974 1975 1976 11 ,200 11,200 11 ,200 11,200 80.4 83.2 70.1 83.5 901 932 785 935 246 167 162 220 563 491 508 630 92 274 115 85 13.60 10.70 13.00 13.40 12,254 9,972 10,205 12,529 1977 1978 1979 11,200 11,200 11 ,200 78.1 105.4 96.4 875 1,180 1,080 207 247 130 576 833 880 92 100 70 17.70 21.50 25.90 15,488 25,488 27,972 V Differences between production and the totals of fresh, sales and sales for processing are economic abandonment. 2/ Berries paid for by processors and lost because of dehydration and berry breakdown after delivery. 3/ Equivalent return at first delivery point, screen basis. MASSACHUSETTS CRANBERRIES Production and Value of Production Production (1000 barrels) 1200 1000 Value of Production 1000 Dpllarsl 20000 15000 10000 5000 29 YEAR APPLES: PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 PRODUCTION 1/ TOTAL NOT UTILIZED 2/ HAVING VALUE PRICE PER UNIT VALUE OF UTILIZED PRODUCTION 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 2,619 2,738 2,167 1,976 2,548 2,500 2,262 2,262 2,500 2,262 1,000 42 POUND UNITS 52 238 167 167 72 2,567 2,500 2,167 1 ,976 2,381 2,333 2,262 2,190 2,500 2,262 DOLLARS 2.65 2.75 3.90 5.59 4.33 4.37 6.13 5.38 5.80 6.13 ,000 DOES. 6,802 6,878 8,454 11,039 10,300 10,192 13,870 11,776 14,490 13,870 y Estimates relate to production in orchards of 100 or more trees. 2/ Abandoned because of economic reasons. COMMERCIAL APPLE PRODUCTION BY VARIETY, MASSACHUSETTS, 1969-1979 YEAR CORTLAND DELICIOUS GOLDEN DELICIOUS MCINTOSH NO. SPY ROME BEAUTY OTHER TOTAL PRODUCTION MILLION POUNDS 1969 1970 1971 1972 9.8 8.1 10.5 5.2 9.7 11.4 13.7 10.4 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.5 62.7 68.8 73.4 62.2 1.9 1.8 1.1 0.6 1.9 1.8 2.4 0.7 12.8 16.7 12.3 10.4 100.0 110.0 115.0 91.0 1973 1974 1975 7.9 6.0 8.6 11.1 10.9 12.3 1.4 1 .7 1 .3 51.9 74.1 67.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 8.3 11.5 12.5 83.0 107.0 105.0 1976 1977 1978 1979 8.8 8.2 7.2 7.6 12.1 10.6 13.9 13.8 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 57.1 61.4 64.6 59.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 11.9 11.0 15.5 11.0 95.0 95.0 105.0 95.0 30 SWEET CORN: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS 1970-1979 CROP ACRES YIELD TOTAL AVG. PRICE VALUE OF YEAR HARVESTED PER ACRE PRODUCTION PER CWT. PRODUCTION CWT. 1,000 CWT. DOLLARS 1,000 DOLLARS 1970 7,800 75 585 6.01 3,516 1971 8,200 78 640 6.22 3,981 1972 7,100 75 533 6.93 3,694 1973 8,000 78 624 6.20 3,869 1974 8,200 62 508 8.90 4,521 1975 8,200 81 664 7.10 4,714 1976 7,400 72 533 7.71 4,109 1977 7,200 60 432 8.90 3,845 1978 6,500 88 572 7.00 4,004 1979 6,900 84 580 8.99 5,214 TOMATOES: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS 1970-1979 CROP YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION AVG. PRICE PER CWT. VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1970 750 1971 750 1972 700 1973 730 1974 700 1975 630 1976 620 1977 660 1978 670 1979 620 CWT. 190 200 190 195 175 210 195 190 210 190 1,000 CWT. DOLLARS 1,000 DOLLARS 143 12.50 1,788 150 12.50 1,875 133 17.70 2,354 142 17.40 2,471 123 16.50 2,030 132 18.00 2,376 121 21.40 2,589 125 20.40 2,550 141 21.80 3,074 118 24.60 2,903 31 F1AP LE S Y RU P The 1979 Maple Syrup production in Massachusetts totaled 30,000 gallons, compared with 28,000 gallons in 1978. The weather during the season was characterized by warm periods of a few days duration, followed by cold for a few days, and lacked the warm days and cold nights needed for good sap runs. The season opened about March 5 and closed about April 5, a few days earlier and longer than the 1978 season. The quality of syrup made in 1979 was below normal and the color was medium compared with medium to light in 1978. The price of maple syruP continues to increase, reaching $15.90 per gallon, 13 percent above the 1973 price. With the price doubling during the past 10 years, a new record high value of production was set for the 1979 crop of $477,000. MAPLE SYRUP: PRODUCTION, DISPOSITION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS 1970-1979 SEASON AVERAGE YEAR PRODUCTION SOLD PRICE PER GALLON VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1,000 C ALLOWS DOLLARS 1,000 DOLS. 1970 32 31 6.70 214 1971 25 24 7.80 195 1972 28 27 8.70 244 1973 20 19 9.40 188 1974 25 24 11.20 280 1975 31 30 10.70 332 1976 27 25 12.75 319 1977 27 25 13.00 351 1978 28 26 14.10 367 1979 30 15.90 477 MAPLE SYRUP PRICES: BY TYPE OF SALE AND SIZE OF CONTAINER YEAR RETAIL WHOLESALE ALL SALES EQUIVALENT GAL. hGM . QUART PINT i^PINT GAL. hGM . QUART PINT ^^PINT PER GALLON DOL LARS 1971 1972 1973 1974 7.40 8.10 9.00 10.50 4.00 4.55 5.00 5.90 2.40 2.75 3.10 3.55 1.50 1.90 2.25 2.30 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.40 6.60 7.30 8.30 9.00 3.65 4.30 4.60 5.00 2.30 2.60 2.85 3.00 1.35 1.55 1.80 1.85 .85 1.00 1.10 1.20 7.80 8.70 9.40 11.20 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 11.10 11.65 12.30 13.10 14.88 6.20 6.45 6.90 7.40 8.37 3.75 3.90 4.05 4.29 4.84 2.50 2.55 2.65 2.81 3.12 1.50 1.50 1.80 1.86 2.13 10.00 10.35 11.20 11.66 12.53 5.45 5.75 6.05 6.59 7.13 3.30 3.35 3.70 3.79 4.09 2.05 2.20 2.40 2.41 2.66 1.15 1.35 1.50 1.49 1.77 10.70 12.75 14.20 14.10 15.90 32 FOLIAGE PLANTS FOR INDOOR OR PATIO USE: NUMBER OF PRODUCERS, SQUARE FEET IN PRODUCTION, NEW VALUE OF SALES, MASSACHUSETTS, 1972- 1979 NUMBER SQUARE FEET AVERAGE VALUE PERCENTAGE NET VALUE YEAR OF IN PER OF SALES AT OF SALES PRODUCERS PRODUCTION SQUARE FOOT WHOLESALE 1/ 1,000 Sq. Ft 1 ,000 Dollars 1972 46 246 3.52 95 865 1973 35 175 3.34 89 584 1974 76 581 5.24 76 3,203 1975 135 1,040 4.49 55 4,670 1976 131 965 4.92 62 4,743 1977 112 926 6.00 30 5,555 1978 127 927 5.36 56 4,970 1979 104 715 6.31 75 4,513 1/ Gross value of sales less cost of plant naterial purcha sed from other growers for • growing on. REPORTED TOTAL AVERAGE AREA USED FOR PRODUCTION AND DERIVED AVERAGE VALUE PER UNIT: CARNATIONS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, POTTED LILLIES AND POTTED POINSETTIAS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1974-1979 1/ YEAR CARNATIONS CHRYSANTHEMUMS POTTED LILLIES POTTED POINSETTIAS STANDARD MINIATURE STANDARD POMPON POTTED 1 ,000 Sq uare Foot Proc uction Area 1974 475 425 325 1975 333 178 425 400 723 1976 342 209 341 417 576 336 952 1977 238 123 296 445 309 367 813 1978 149 132 257 366 427 295 1,009 1979 88 98 225 292 501 294 1,044 Average Val ue Per Square Foot - Dollars 1974 1.57 1.14 2.30 1975 2.05 2.31 1.71 1.44 2.09 1976 2.31 1.81 2.31 1 .46 2.46 2.69 1.86 1977 2.43 2.07 2.43 1.32 2.79 2.19 1.86 1978 1.50 2.58 2.56 1.77 2.45 2.62 2.04 1979 2.74 3.04 2.90 2.05 2.98 3.44 2.04 y Value figures for all plants are equivalent wholesale value of all sales 33 CUT FLOWERS: NUMBER OF PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION SALES, PRICE & VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1972-1979 TYPE AND CROP YEAR PRODUCERS 2/ SALES PERCENTAGE OF SALES AT WHOLESALE WHOLESALE PRICE VALUE OF SALES AT 1/ WHOLESALE Number 1 ,000 Blooms Percent Cents 1 ,000 Dollars STANDARD CARNATIONS 1972 1973 1974 1975 64 58 45 34 14,580 11,140 9,403 5,549 94 93 75 65 10.5 11.1 11.1 12.3 1,531 1,237 1,044 683 1976 1977 1978 1979 27 24 19 14 5,853 3,851 1,603 1,238 93 89 92 84 10.3 11.2 14.0 20.0 603 431 224 241 MINIATURE CARNATIONS 1 ,000 Bunches 1972 1973 1974 1975 27 26 27 23 218 271 278 273 91 83 50 65 118 125 120 151 257 339 334 412 1976 1977 1978 1979 24 20 15 15 256 222 252 175 83 89 99 96 148 115 135 170 379 255 340 298 HYBRID TEA ROSES 1,000 Blooms 1972 1973 1974 1975 n 11 9 9 17,144 14,161 19,708 13,483 99 99 97 69 18.7 18.9 21.0 23.9 3,206 3,243 4,139 3,222 1975 1977 1978 1979 10 13 9 n 12,636 10,575 12,514 13,651 100 100 99 99 19.7 26.2 26.0 24.4 2,489 2,771 3,254 3,331 MINIATURE OR SWEETHEART ROSES 1972 1973 1974 1975 8 8 9 9 9,432 9,635 8,930 9,114 99 100 97 72 11.7 11.4 14.7 11.7 1,104 1 ,098 1 ,313 1 ,066 1976 1977 1978 1979 9 9 9 8 6,174 6,537 5,401 7,020 100 100 99 99 12.5 16.3 17.0 17.3 772 1 ,066 918 1,214 STANDARD CHRYSANTHEMUMS 1972 1973 1974 1975 100 88 52 54 3,477 2,983 2,412 2,341 91 81 92 92 27.4 29.9 31.0 31.1 953 892 748 728 1976 1977 1978 1979 70 58 57 53 1,774 1,721 1,545 1,355 85 92 90 83 44.5 41.7 42.5 48.1 789 718 657 652 34 CUT FLOWERS: NUMBER OF PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION, SALES, PRICE & VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1972-1979, CONT. TYPE AND CROP YEAR PRODUCERS 2/ SALES PERCENTAGE OF SALES AT WHOLESALE WHOLESALE PRICE VALUE OF SALES AT 1/ WHOLESALE Number 1 ,000 Bunches Percent Cents 1 ,000 Dollars POMPON CHRYSANTHEMUMS 1972 1973 1974 1975 132 115 70 102 577 558 371 377 69 55 68 67 121 128 131 153 698 714 486 577 1976 1977 1978 1979 87 89 75 60 367 355 360 338 71 54 77 58 166 165 180 177 609 587 648 598 POTTED CHRYSANTHEMUMS 1 ,000 Pots 1972 1973 1974 1975 61 59 60 111 369 414 503 747 88 83 68 79 207 184 193 202 764 762 971 1,509 1976 1977 1978 1979 115 85 87 93 609 421 402 562 78 78 63 70 233 205 260 266 1,419 863 1 ,045 1,495 SNAPDRAGONS 1 ,000 stems 1976 1977 1978 1979 52 50 57 40 2,651 1,792 1,674 1,416 88 89 90 88 16.8 19.7 20.0 20.3 445 353 335 287 POTTED GERANIUMS 1 ,000 Pots 1976 242 5,755 82 1977 225 3,183 52 1978 230 3,125 66 1979 220 3,631 61 POTTED LILLIES 1,000 Pots 1976 1977 1978 1979 111 108 101 93 364 322 258 329 87 80 73 78 POTTED POINSETTIAS 1976 1977 1978 1979 146 139 136 120 634 741 750 751 79 68 67 75 88 5.064 75 2,387 85 2,656 91 3,304 lars 2.48 903 2.50 805 3.00 774 3.07 1,010 2.79 2.05 2.75 2.83 1,769 1,519 2,063 2,125 1/ Equivalent wholesale value of all sales. . . l / ^x 2/ Beginning with 1974, number of producers is number who P^°duce and sel $ 0 000 or more of fresh icutj flowers, flowering and foliage plants, bedding plants and cultivated florist greens. Previously, definition included growers who sold $2,000 or more of the above mentioned items. 35 MASSACHUSETTS NURSERY AND GREENHOUSE INSPECTION 1974-1979 CATEGORY 1974 1975 1975 1977 1978 1979 Number of nurseries inspected Acres of nurseries inspected Number of greenhouses inspected Sq. feet of greenhouses under glass* (000) 494 413 503 505 367 374 3,439 2,894 2,993 3,004 3,121 3,152 76 80 85 87 89 91 1,971 2,202 2,272 2,338 2,309 2,319 NUMBER OF FAIRS AND ATTENDANCE: MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 YEAR NUMBER OF FAIRS ATTENDANCE 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 131 130 124 121 131 131 134 129 124 133 2,247,387 1,895,067 2,246,242 1,592,995 2,646,493 2,945,841 2,762,597 2,954,530 2,500,000 2,090,356 36 FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION: BY KINDS AND OF PRIMARY NUTRIENTS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1979 YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 KIND OF FERTILIZER PRIMARY NUTRIENTS MIXED ,ZZ\. fi^T TOTAL FFRTTI T7FR NUTRIENTS & MICRO- prRTii Tyrn FERTILIZER MATERIALS NUTRIENTS FERTILIZER ., AVAILABLE „ „ " P2O5 "^2° 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Tons 52,953 16,580 63 69,596 47,774 23,298 51 71,123 54,997 17,183 54 72,234 59,643 17,045 50 76,738 61,540 15,810 23 77,373 51,814 15,216 36 67,066 55,548 15,335 150 71,033 53,094 14,882 28 68,004 71,471 14,970 62 86,503 58,397 11,393 224 70,014 Tons 8,159 6,325 6,071 7,727 6,842 5,514 8,853 6,295 6.126 10,095 7,726 6,899 8,999 7,031 7,246 7,866 5,588 6,049 8,803 5,984 6,779 9,015 5,872 6,607 11,501 7,644 8,552 10,275 6,220 7,530 FARMS: NUMBER AND ACREAGE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970 - 1979 Year Number Average Land in Farms Size Acres Acres 121 750,000 122 720,000 123 700,000 124 680,000 124 680,000 121 700,000 111 700,000 111 690,000 115 680,000 110 680,000 1970 6,200 1971 5,900 1972 5,700 1973 5,500 1974 5,500 1975 5,800 1976 6,300 1977 6,200 1978 5,900 1979 5,200 37 PRICES PAID BY FARMERS: INDEX NUMBERS, ANNUAL AVERAGE, UNITED STATES 1960- 1979, BY YEARS (1967=100) COMMODITIES AND FAMILY LIVING FAMILY LIVING ITEMS PRO- DUCTION ITEMS INTEREST TAXES WAGE RATES YEAR SEP., INTEREST TAXES & AND PRODUCTION PAYABLE PER PAYABLE PER FOR HIRED FARM WAGE RATES ITEMS ACRE ACRE LABOR 1/ 1960 88 91 90 92 45 69 74 1961 88 92 90 93 50 73 76 1962 90 92 91 94 55 77 78 1963 91 94 92 95 62 79 80 1964 92 93 93 94 70 82 82 1965 94 96 95 94 79 87 86 1966 99 99 98 100 90 94 93 1967 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1968 103 102 104 100 112 110 108 1969 108 106 109 104 125 120 119 1970 112 110 114 108 134 129 128 1971 118 115 118 113 142 136 134 1972 125 122 123 121 156 142 142 1973 144 142 133 146 184 145 155 1974 164 161 151 166 223 154 178 1975 180 177 166 182 262 166 192 1976 192 187 176 193 299 178 210 1977 202 196 181 200 339 195 226 1978 219 212 194 217 400 210 242 1979 250 241 215 248 501 226 265 1/ Simple average of qua rterli ' indexes seasonal 1 y adjustec . INDEX NUMBERS OF PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS, BY COMMODITY GROUPS, UNITED STATES ANNUAL AVERAGE, 1960-1978 (1967=100) YEAR CROPS LIVESTOCK & PRODUCTS | ALL FARM PROD- UCTS FOOD GRAINS FEED GRAINS AND HAY TOBACCO COTTON OIL BEARING CROPS FRUIT COM- MERCIAL VEGE- TABLES ALL CROPS DAIRY PROD- UCTS POULTRY AND EGGS MEAT ANI- MALS ALL LIVE- STOCK 1960 115 87 90 133 77 100 82 99 85 121 88 91 94 1961 118 87 95 137 93 101 79 100 85 111 89 91 94 1962 128 89 96 142 90 95 88 103 83 no 92 92 96 1963 126 95 89 142 94 120 83 106 83 111 86 89 96 1964 107 96 88 137 93 125 88 106 84 108 80 85 93 1965 93 100 92 129 98 106 93 103 85 110 94 94 98 1966 105 104 99 113 109 109 101 106 96 120 105 106 106 1967 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1968 91 90 102 101 96 134 108 100 105 107 103 104 102 1969 88 96 107 91 93 101 106 97 109 120 119 117 107 1970 92 103 109 96 99 96 103 100 113 112 121 118 110 1971 95 108 113 108 111 108 114 108 117 102 121 118 113 1972 109 101 123 129 122 117 115 114 121 105 148 136 125 1973 215 163 129 144 226 137 134 175 143 176 198 183 179 1974 300 249 148 228 232 141 143 224 166 163 165 165 192 1975 242 232 162 183 197 138 162 201 175 179 169 172 185 1976 202 214 163 265 205 129 161 197 192 178 170 177 186 1977 156 181 175 270 243 163 176 192 193 174 168 175 183 1978 191 184 191 245 226 224 185 203 210 185 226 217 210 1979 229 207 207 258 249 240 194 223 239 192 280 257 241 38 FARM PRODUCTION EXPENSES: MASSACHUSETTS, 1969-1978 CURRENT FARM OPERATING EXPENSES YEAR FEED LIVE- STOCK SEED 1/ FERTILIZER AND LIME REPAIRS AND OPERATION OF CAPITAL ITEMS 2/ MISCELLANEOUS 3/ HIRED LABOR 4/ Million Dollars 1969 1970 1971 27.2 28.9 27.6 4.7 4.0 3.9 3.0 3..1 3.2 3.9 3.6 3.7 12.8 13.0 13.6 16.7 17.3 18.4 32.0 32.0 33.4 1972 1973 1974 1975 25.8 37.2 47.3 45.0 4.2 4.7 3.2 2.4 3.4 4.2 5.5 5.4 3.9 5.6 8.5 6.8 13.2 14.1 17.1 19.6 20.0 20.9 24.4 27.2 33.2 38.8 37.1 37.2 1976 1977 1978 44.8 41.6 37.4 2.7 3.7 3.3 6.3 6.7 7.3 6.2 5.8 8.1 24.3 26.4 28.1 27.4 28.5 31.5 40.4 46.1 48.9 ]_/ Includes bulbs, plants and trees. 2/ Repairs and maintenance of buildings, repairs and operation of motor vehicles and other machinery, and ~ petroleum fuel and oil used in the farm business. 3/ Includes binding, cotton ginning. Federal crop insurance, containers, dairy supplies, electricity, green- house and nursery, grazing fees, harness & saddlery, net insurance premiums (fire, wind and crop hail), irrigation, livestock marketing service (excl. feed and transportation), milk hauling, miscellaneous hardware (incl. blacksmithing) , machine hire and custom work, miscellaneous livestock and poultry sup- plies, pesticides, small hand tools, short term interest, telephones (business share), vet. services and medicines (plus insem.) and other miscellaneous. 4/ Includes cash wages, perquisites, and Social Security taxes paid by employers. FARM PRODUCTION EXPENSES: MASSACHUSETTS, 1969-1978 YEAR TOTAL CURRENT FARM OPERATING EXPENSES DEPRE- CIATION 1/ TAXES ON FARM PROPERTY INTEREST ON FARM MORTGAGE DEBT NET RENT TO NONFARM LANDLORDS 2/ TOTAL PRODUCTION EXPENSES Mill ion Dollars 1969 100.3 1970 102.0 1971 103.8 1972 103.8 1973 125.4 1974 142.9 1975 143.7 1976 152.2 1977 159.0 1978 164.5 18.4 18.7 20.5 21.0 22.2 25.6 29.6 31.9 33.7 37.0 9.9 10.4 11.3 11.7 12.8 12.6 13.3 14.1 15.4 16.4 2.2 2.4 2.6 3.0 3.6 4.5 5.8 6.5 5.9 6.0 -1.0 -1.1 -1.3 -1.3 -1.5 -1.5 -1.2 -1.0 -1.0 - .9 129.8 132.4 137.0 138.2 162.6 184.1 191.2 203.7 213.0 223.0 y Includes depreciation and accidental damage to farm buildings and depreciation of motor vehicles and other farm machinery and equipment. 2/ Minus sign reflects a net income position rather than a net expense position. 39 CASH RECEIPTS FROM FARM MARKETING AND GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS, MASSACHUSETTS 1950-1978 Year Cash Income From Farm Marketing Crops Livestock i Livestock Products Total Crops and Livestock (OOP) DollarT 181,609 172,460 164,729 160,241 156,930 201,498 219,375 223,755 242,006 Government Payments Total Marketings ?i Government Payments 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1976 1977 1978 54,652 52,897 60,121 69,124 71,590 100,904 110,269 118,699 129,897 126,957 119,563 104,508 91,117 85,340 100,594 109,106 105,056 112,109 559 438 672 645 619 593 599 579 773 182,168 172,898 165,401 160,886 157,549 202,091 219,974 224,330 242,779 REALIZED GROSS AND NET INCOME FROM FARMING: MASSACHUSETTS, 1950-1978 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1976 1977 1978 Milli Dn Do! la £S Cash Receipts From Farm Marketing 181.6 172.5 164.7 160.2 156.9 201.5 219.4 223.8 242.0 Government Payments Non-Money Income Other Farm Income Gross Farm Income .6 19.3 .1 201.6 .4 15.4 .6 188.9 .7 15.5 .7 181.6 .6 12.3 1.2 174.5 .6 13.3 1.5 172.3 .6 21.3 3.2 226.5 .6 23.2 3.5 246.6 .6 25.2 4.0 253.5 .8 26.3 4.4 273.5 Farm Production Expenses 147.2 138.3 135.6 127.4 132.0 191.2 203.7 213.0 223.0 Realized Net Farm Income Net Change Farm Inventories 54.4 -2.1 50.7 -1.2 46.1 1.3 47.0 -.5 40.4 .2 35.3 -1.3 42.9 4.1 40.5 -32.2 50.5 1.2 Total Net Farm Income 52.3 49.5 47.3 46.5 40.6 34.1 47.0 8.3 51.7 Estimated Number Farms (000) Average Net Farm Income (dollars) 29.1 1,797 18.0 2,750 13.0 3,639 8.7 5,345 6.2 6,548 5.5 6,200 5.4 8,704 5.3 1,566 4.8 10,771 40 UNITED STATES: CIVILIAN PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF MAJOR FOOD COMMODITIES, 1970-1979 1/ Commodity 1970 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 2/ 1979 2/ Pounds Meats: 151.4 142.6 152.5 145.4 155.3 154.6 149.7 147.7 Beef 84.1 81.1 86.4 88.9 95.7 93.2 88.9 79.6 Veal 2.4 1.5 1.9 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.5 1.7 Lamb and mutton 2.9 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 Pork 62.0 57.6 62.2 51.2 54.6 56.7 56.9 65.0 Fish (edible weight) 11.8 12.9 12.2 12.3 13.0 12.8 13.4 13.7 Poultry Products: Eggs 39.5 37.3 36.6 35.4 34.8 34.5 35.2 35.7 Chicken (ready-to-cook) 40.5 40.7 41.1 40.6 43.3 44.9 47.7 51.8 Turkey (ready-to-cook) 8.0 8.5 8.9 8.6 9.2 9.2 9.4 10.2 Dairy Products: Cheese 11.5 13.7 14.6 14.5 15.8 16.4 17.3 18.1 Condensed and evaporated milk 7.1 6.0 5.6 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.2 4.4 Fluid milk and cream (product weight) 296.0 293.0 288.0 291.1 292.0 288.4 285.9 284.2 Ice cream (product weight) 17.7 17.5 17.5 18.7 18.1 17.7 17.8 17.7 Fats and Oils--Total Fat Content 53.0 54.3 53.2 53.4 56.1 54.4 55.6 57.6 Butter (actual weight) 5.3 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 Margarine (actual weight) 11.0 11.3 11.3 11.2 12.2 11.6 11.4 11.6 Lard 4.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.3 Shortening 17.3 17.3 17.0 17.3 18.1 17.6 18.2 19.2 Other edible fats and oils 18.2 20.8 20.3 20.3 22.0 21.6 22.6 23.4 Fruits: Fresh 79.3 74.2 76.9 81.3 83.7 79.6 81.6 80.5 Citrus 28.1 25.9 27.1 28.7 28.5 25.2 26.3 24.3 Noncitrus 51.2 47.3 49.8 52.6 55.2 54.4 55.3 56.2 Processed: Canned fruit 23.3 21.3 19.6 19.3 19.2 20.0 19.0 19.2 Canned juice 14.6 15.9 14.6 16.2 16.2 15.6 17.4 17.4 Frozen (including juices) 9.8 11.2 11.2 12.6 12.2 11.8 11.3 12.3 Chilled citrus juices 4.7 5.3 5.2 5.7 6.2 5.8 6.4 6.4 Dried 2.7 2.6 2.4 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.2 Vegetables: Fresh 3/ 91.0 93.0 95.0 94.1 94.2 91.8 93.3 97.2 Canned 53.0 57.7 56.9 55.1 55.7 56.2 54.1 55.0 Frozen (excluding potatoes) 9.7 10.7 10.2 9.7 10.2 10.3 10.8 11.1 Potatoes 4/ 115.3 114.4 112.3 120.3 114.4 119.8 122.9 123.0 Sweetpotatoes 4/ 5.2 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.5 5.0 5.0 Grains: Wheat flour 5/ no 112 110 113 118 114 115 112 Rice 6.7 7.0 7.6 7.7 7.2 7.6 5.8 9.2 Other: Coffee 10.4 10.1 9.5 9.0 9.4 6.7 7.9 7.8 Tea .7 .8 .8 .8 .8 .9 .7 .7 Cocoa 3.1 3.4 3.0 2.6 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.7 Peanuts (shelled) 5.9 6.6 6.4 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.6 6.6 Dry edible beans 5.9 6.4 6.7 6.5 6.3 6.1 5.9 6.1 Melons 21.2 19.8 17.1 17.3 18.6 19.3 20.1 18.9 Sugar (refined) 101.8 101.5 96.6 90.2 94.7 95.7 93.1 91.3 l_/ Quantity in pounds, retail weight unless otherwise shown. Data on calendar year basis except for dried fruits, fresh citrus fruits, peanuts, and rice which are on a crop-year basis. Z/ Preliminary. 3/ Commer- cial production for sale as fresh produce. 4/ Including fresh equivalent of processed. 5/ White, whole wheat, ahd semolina flour including use in bakery products. MASSACHUSETTS: ESTIMATED TOTAL POPULATION, July 1, 1950-1979 1/ Year Total Population Year Total Population 1950 1960 1970 1975 4,691,000 5,149,000 5,697,000 5,778,000 1976 1977 1978 1979 2/ 5, 769 ,000 5,768,000 5,771,000 5,769,000 1/ U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 2/ Preliminary. 41 CASH RECEIPTS FROM FARM MARKETINGS - MASSACHUSETTS - 1977- 1979 1979 r97"9 COMMODITY 1977 1978 1979 % of 1978 COMMODITY 1977 1978 1979 t of 1978 Mill ion Doll ars Percent Million Doll ars Percent Hay 2.0 2.2 2.3 105 Cattle & Calves 7.4 10.3 8.7 84 Tobacco 10.7 8.9 8.4 94 Hogs 5.4 7.5 7.8 104 Potatoes 4.3 4.6 4.8 104 Sheep & Lambs .1 .2 .1 50 Svveet Corn 3.8 4.0 5.2 130 Milk 65.9 67.4 73.4 109 Tomatoes 2.6 3.1 2.9 94 Eggs 20.2 19.0 20.6 108 Cabbage .9 1.1 .9 82 Chickens Excl . Other Vegetables 13.8 13.6 13.6 100 Broilers .9 1.3 1.0 11 Cranberries 15.5 25.5 23.3 91 Turkeys 1.5 2.0 1.8 90 Apples 12.3 13.1 11.8 90 Other Livestock Peaches .7 1.0 1.0 100 & Poultry 3.7 4.4 4.4 100 Other Fruits & Berries 1.2 1.5 1.5 100 TOTAL LIVESTOCK 105.1 112.1 117.8 105 Maple Products Forest Products .4 1.0 .3 1 .2 .3 1.3 100 108 Nursery and Greenhouse 48.1 52.9 58.2 110 Misc. Crops .3 .3 .3 100 STATE TOTAL 222.7 245.4 253.6 103 TOTAL CROPS 117.6 133.3 135.8 102 42 ANNUAL REPORT JULY 1, 1979 TO JUNE 30, 1980 MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 43 AGRICULTURAL PRESERVATION RESTRICTION PROGRAM William H. King, Land Use Administrator The Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program provides "for the public purchase of agricultural restrictions, often called development rights or easements. Restrictions can either be purchased by the Department or received as a gift. Local government also .has the opportunity to financially contribute to specific projects and thereby share in the purchase with the Department. Farmers and other farmland owners voluntarily apply to the program for funding. After the application has been reviewed, and the property field inspected, it is submitted to the Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee for action. If successful, the application will become a program finalist. This is to say that the property will be appraised for both its market value and its farm value. The landowner will be offered the development rights value (market value minus farm value) . If the landowner concurs, a final vote of the Committee is needed before a purchase agreement is drafted. The program is one of four state programs now operating in the country. It provides farmland owners with the only alternative to realizing their land's development value without the land itself having to be developed for non-agricultural use. The land is restricted in perpetuity, unless released as specified by statute. A land base for Massachusetts food production is being preserved. At the end of the 1980 fiscal year, 143 applications had been submitted to the Department of Food and Agriculture for funding consideration. The applications represented 91 cities and towns in 12 counties across the Commonwealth. A total of 13,227 acres was proposed for restriction with asking prices totaling over $27 million (see accompanying table) . Of the 19 finalists approved for appraisal and negotiation in Round I (pilot phase) , 13 have received final funding approval from the Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee. Four others are under negotiation and the other two were not approved for funding. Money remaining from Round I will be added to the st-cond $5 million provided in tV: 1980 Capital Outlay Budget. Round II finalists and program participants will be selected during the next year. 44 AGRICULTURAL PRESERVATION RESTRICTION PROGRAM APPLICATIONS RECEIVED From January 1, 1979 through June 30, 1980 NUMBER OF COUNTY APPLICATIONS ACREAGE Barnstable 1 ^ 65 Berkshire 7 1372 Bristol 12 1012 Dukes . 4 342 Essex 14 676 Franklin 11 1066 Hampden 5 418 Hampshire 17 1230 Middlesex 14 783 Norfolk 11 518 Plymouth 14 1799 Worcester 33 3946 Total Program Statistics: NUMBER OF CITIES & TOWNS REPRESENTED 1 4 9 3 9 5 5 6 12 6 9 22 143 applications, 13,227 acres, $27 + million asking price, 91 cities and towns in 12 counties represented. Two $5 million bond issues are available for program expenditure. Round I Statistics; 19 applications approved for appraisal and negotiation 13 applications approved for purchase, 978 acres, 11 cities and towns in 7 counties, $2.3 million total purchase price with $176,000 contrj-buted by cities, towns and interested private groups. 4 applications continue to be under negotiation. 2 applications were not approved for purchase. Round II Statistics; 26 applications approved for appraisal and negotiation, 2429 acres, $6.5 million asking price, 20 cities and towns in 10 counties represented. 45 DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE Susan Redlich, Director The Division works in various ways to strengthen local food systems, and to improve the state's capabilities in food production and distribution. The importance of promoting food security by ensuring the viability of farming is underscored by the current dependency on imported food supplies from out- side the region. Any food security gains are tied closely to the conservation of a land base. COMMUNITY GARDENING We have developed community gardens on state-owned lands and other public lands. There are now garden sites at 20 state locations which are used by youth, families, elderly and people on fixed income. The Division can negotiate arrangements between public land owners and garden groups to make land avail- able. With the Division's assistance, the first community garden for Allston/ Brighton was organized on MDC land; youth groups farmed several acres of land at Framingham MCI, Metropolitan State Hospital, Massasoit Community College and Bridgewater MCI. We serve as a clearinghouse of information for the over 200 community gardens across the state and maintain lists of current garden locations and coordinators. The Division also organizes and administers the Massachusetts Seed Program, which involved 16,000 participants. The program provides vegetable seeds, free or at reduced cost to members of community garden groups. Furthering the Division's promotion of community food production, the Legislature passed the Massachusetts Fruition bill, providing funds for purchase of food-bearing trees and shrubs for planting on public land. The Division will administer this program. PROTECTING THE AGRICULTURAL LAND BASE The Division prepared the handbook. Cows, Corn, and Cranberries, a compendium of positive measures for towns and cities that want to protect their agricultural resources. One thousand copies were distributed to local officials. To assist policy-makers on the subject of re-disposition of sur- plus state property, the Division has undertaken the task of mapping and classifying a major portion of the 5,000+ acres of state-owned farmland, in order to document its importance. The Division administers permits for ap- proximately 500 acres of state land utilized by commercial farmers. An increase in development projects that posed negative impacts on farmland called forth Division investigations during the state's environmen- tal review process. ADVOCATING DIRECT MARKETING FOR SMALL PRODUCERS The Division coordinated 6 market sites in the Boston area and expanded farmers market activities by organizing a market at Uphams Corner in Dorchester and a mobile farm stand at Mission Hill in Roxbury. We researched the state 46 institutional purchase orders of food that could be supplied locally; the next step will be to facilitate public food service investment in Massachu- setts grown products. ASSISTING URBAN AGRICULTURAL EFFORTS In cooperation with urban gardening organizations, the Division is taking action to establish a composting facility in Boston; the humus thus produced will be used to reclaim urban land for food production. The Div- ition is developing plans for a working landscape at Boston State Hospital, to serve urban gardeners throughout the area; re-use of a greenhouse for community access is part of the plan. We have regularly convened the urban gardeners Task Force on Toxicity, which shares information about lead con- tamination of soils and has sponsored several research projects. INCREASING EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR FARMERS Due to the great interest by the Division (along with present and potential farmers across the state) in seeing the establishment of a small farm training and demonstration center, the Legislature transferred control of the Belchertown State School Farmstead to the Department of Food and Agriculture. The Division will administer the leasing of lands and buildings for educational purposes. FINANCIAL REPORT The budget appropriated to accomplish the various programs of the Division was $79,000. 47 DIVISION OF ANIMAL HEALTH Mabel A. Owen, Director The control and/or eradication of important domestic animal diseases is the major goal of the Division of Animal Health and is not only crucial to hiaman health and the success of agriculture itself, it is one of the few areas where government truly profits both producer and consumer. The major disease control programs in the Division of Animal Health are in Tuberculosis and Brucellosis, both of which exert a considerable impact on human health. BRUCELLOSIS 1 i Two dairy herds were under quarantine for brucellosis in the 1980 fiscal year. One herd was removed from quarantine following the removal of reactors and subsequent clean tests. The second, a very large free- housed herd, remains under quarantine with a very low level of infection which is difficult to eradicate completely in such a large herd. The conventional test-and-slaughter procedures which cleaned up the small herd are being augmented in the large herd through additional and more definitive testing done with the aid of the Animal Plant Health Inspection Services of the United States Department of Agriculture. A very large part of the state is now certified free of Swine Brucellosis, which also carries a human health impact. Work which will certify the entire state continues in all types of brucellosis. TUBERCULOSIS This disease also has important human-health connotations and is endemic all over the world. Eradication remains a continuing program with no tolerance for laxity. We require that cattle and goats imported into Massachusetts come in on permit and an approved test. We conduct a Market Cattle-Traceback (MCI) system of surveillance. We also test, at state expense, every dairy animal at least once every three years. In the 1980 fiscal year, 29,644 animals were tested. Further testing of 30 primary-test deviates revealed two reactors which were slaughtered with indemnity payment made. Herds of origin for both proved clean. HOG CHOLERA AND RELATED DISEASES Massachusetts continues to remain free of this disease but, since it occurs in nearby countries, active preventative procedures must be maintained. In this state the feeding of cooked garbage is allowed, with a permit required. Regular inspections of both swine and feeding procedures are made. This program, geared to the control of Hog Cholera, is important to the control of other diseases. Vesicular Exanthema and African Swine Fever in particular. EQUINE PROGRAMS Massachusetts requires a negative test for the presence of Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) before a horse or pony can come into the state or be sold or shown here. 16,631 tests were reported; 14 of these, mostly detected through sale-barn testing, were found to be positive and quarantined. 48 Vaccination against Eastern-western Equine Encephalitis (EEE-WEE) i? not mandatory, but all horse owners are annually urged to have their animals vaccinated since protection is considered close to 100 percent. This disease also attacks humans though it cannot be contracted directly from an equine. As a largely consumer device, the licensing program for horseback riding instructors enrolled slightly over 750 in the 1980 fiscal year. Just over 200 riding schools or stables were also licensed. The program to test pulling animals (horses, ponies, oxen) at fairs for the presence of drugs and stimulants continued and has been very well received by fair-goers and exhibitors alike. PET SHOP LICENSING PROGRAM The licensing of pet shops is primarily a disease-control measure for which we were amply rewarded during a recent outbreak of Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle Disease (WND) in this country. Brought here by imported birds, usually parrots, this disease has the capability of wiping out the domestic poultry industry, should it find its way there. The record- keeping required by our pet shop licensing allowed almost instant traceback and test work, both of which confirmed that there had been no outbreak of the disease itself in Massachusetts. POULTRY PROGRAMS With the transfer of the Division of Poultry to the Division of Animal Health for the 1980 fiscal year supervisory and disease-control programs continued. 185 Shell Egg Inspection visits were made as part of a cooperative agreement made with the United States Department of Agriculture. 72 truckload inspections of frozen poultry were made under a similar agreement. Inspectors made just under 4000 store visits, to check for poultry law violations and to confirm the agreements under which twelve firms display the "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher" logo. Twenty-one fairs were inspected and more than 115,000 individual blood tests were made. RABIES CONTROL Under this program we initiate the quarantining of any animal which has bitten a person. 6959 cases were either quarantined or further investigated. CONCLUSION Our success has been aided in no small way by the extremely high degree of cooperation given to our personnel and our programs by both farmers and producers. We are grateful for this, as well as for continuing help of the United States Department of Agriculture, the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the University of Massachusetts and the Massachusetts Farm Bureau Federation. The Division of Animal Health's budget for the fiscal year 1980 was $452,590> which included funding of the Division of Poultry Program. 49 DIVISION OF POULTRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS Lawrence E. Bliss, Supervisor POULTRY STANDARDIZATION During 1980 fiscal year, 7792 lots of eggs were inspected at the retail level to certify that the product met Massachusetts standards for size (weight) and quality, which must by statute be properly labeled on the carton. Violations were found in 54 lots, representing about .59 per cent of the total number inspected. One hundred eighty-five (185) quarterly surveillance visits were made to egg handlers registered under the Egg Products Inspection Act. Currently, there are thirteen (13) firms licensed to pack eggs under the logo: "Massachusetts Produced and Fresher"; the Poultry Division monitors these firms periodically. POULTRY SERVICES Seventy- two (72) truckloads of frozen poultry, under the U.S.D.A. School Lunch Program, were certified, as to quality, at the point of delivery. Ninety-two (92) state institutional inspections were made with 739 cases of eggs being examined; 28 cases, or about 3.8 per cent were rejected as not meeting the bid specifications of the Commonwealth. Thirty-one (31) days were spent by one inspector, under the U.S.D.A. Fee Grading Program in egg packing plants. POULTRY DISEASES Under the National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) , 115,567 birds, up 15 per cent from the previous year, were blood tested for evidence of Pullorum- Typhoid disease and found negative for the seventh year; 131,010 blood samples were also taken for evidence of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum and found negative. Thus, our Massachusetts poultry breeders were able to export 1,162,325 baby chicks and 912,170 hatching eggs to foreign buyers. Division inspectors were on hand at 23 fairs and poultry shows to inspect birds for clinical symptoms of illness and/or disease, and to determine compliance of the exhibitors with the Pullorum-Typhoid testing program. 50 ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE COUNSEL John J. McColgan, Counsel The Department filed seven bills through the Secretary of State's office for the calendar year 1980. Six of them received favorable reports from the Committee on Natural Resources and Agriculture, and the seventh bill received a favorable report from the Committee on Taxation. The first six expired m the House Ways and Means Committee and the seventh, in the Senate Ways and Means Committee. We did have su<:cess, however ^ in other bills affecting agriculture for the fiscal year 1980, Chapter 572. An Act Relative To The Operation Of Farm Vehicles. ( Approved August 28, 1979) This Act removed the fifty mile restriction on farm vehicles. Farm vehicles may now travel anywhere within the Commonwealth, or in bordering states which have a reciprocal agreement with the Registry of Motor Vehicles for the operation of similarly registered vehicles. Chapter 693. An Act Exempting Certain Agricultural Or Aquacultural Projects From The Wetlands Protection Act. (Approved November 7, 1979) This Act exempts aquaculture as well as agriculture from the Wetlands Protection Act. Chapter 704. An Act Regulating The Generation, Transportation, Storage, Treatment And Disposal of Hazardous Waste. (Approved November 9, 1979) This Act set up a Division of Hazardous Waste in the Department of Environmental Quality Engineering and established a Hazardous Waste Advisory Committee. It has no immediate effect on agriculture. Chapter 86. An Act Relative To The Development And Encouragement Of The Breeding Of Standardbred Horses. (Approved April 10, 1980) This Act provides that no colt or filly shall be eligible to race in the Standardbred Program unless registered with the Department and the Massachusetts Standardbred Breeders and Owners Association. Chapter 102. An Act Relative To The Control And Eradication Of Brucellosis In Bovine Animals. (Approved April 23, 1980) This Act changed the effective date of Section 2 of Chapter 485 of the acts of 1978 from July 1 to January 1, 1981. Chapter 378. An Act Further Regulating Certain Agricultural Land Use. (Approved July 3, 1980) This Act broadened the scope of the Land Use Program in the Department. Now any person may make application for a permit to use vacant public land for propagation and cultivation of fruitbearing trees and shrubs, and nut trees. Chapter 397. An Act Providing That Employees Of The County Cooperative Extension Service Of Suffolk County May Participate In the Commonwealth's Group Insurance Program. (Approved July 7, 1980) The title of this Act is self- explanatory. 51 Chapter 428. Schools. An Act Providing For An Institutional License For Certain Veterinarian (Approved July 9, 1980) This Act provides that the Tufts School of Veterinary Medicine may make application for an institutional licenses for veterinarians who are not otherwise licensed, so that said veterinarians may practice veterinary medicine if such practice is conducted in conjunction with their full-time employment by the school. Chapter 475. An Act Authorizing The Long Term Leasing Of Certain Land And Buildings At Belchertown State School From The Department of Mental Health To The Department Of Food And Agriculture, For The Purpose Of Promoting The Establishment Of A Small Farm Demonstration And Training Center. (Approved July 11, 1980) This Act provides that the Department of Mental Health shall lease to the Department of Food and Agriculture, for a period of ten years with an option to renew said lease for an additional ten years, for purposes set forth in said title. 52 DIVISION OF DAIRYING AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY J, Peter Griffin, Director DAIRY FARiM INSPECTION Of the 7684 initial yearly inspections of dairy farms made by division personnel, 22 per cent or 1685 farms failed to comply with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts regulations, necessitating repeat inspections. Approximately 24 per cent of the reinspections still failed to comply, resulting in warning letters, hearings and fifteen exclusions. An additional 900 dairy farms in Maine were inspected by personnel of the Maine Dept. of Agriculture. These inspection reports may now be accepted by the Commonwealth under stipulated conditions as per Chapter 940 of the Acts of 1977. MILK PLANT INSPECTION Ninety-nine "first inspections" were made of milk plants, with 23 per cent not approvable, resulting in numerous reinspections before acceptable compliance was achieved. MASTITIS CONTROL A total of 138,706 milk samples were collected from 668 herds for delivery to the diagnostic laboratory at the University of Massachusetts, where they were analyzed. This voluntary program aids dairy farmers in the detection, treatments, and control of mastitis which results in higher production for the dairyman and in better quality for the consumer. USDA GRADING & USPH MILK RATINGS Division persoiinel licensed by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture spent 78 days inspecting and sampling dairy products, resulting in income to the Commonwealth of $9,660. Division personnel certified by the U.S. Public Health Service as Milk Sanitation Rating Officers fulfilled all requests by industry for Interstate Milk Shippers' raw milk supply ratings. FINANCIAL REPORT The appropriated budget for the fiscal year was $236,200. 53 DIVISION OF FAIRS Stephen F. Quinn, Director The fairs as a whole, enjoyed a rather large increase in paid attendance, due mainly to the gasoline crisis of the summer of 1979, It was convenient ^i for many residents to take in the local fairs rather than traveling great distances for entertainment. However, there was a sharp decline in the I number of exhibits and exhibitors. Because there wasn't any considerable increase in prizes, they reduced the number of their entries and shows r due to the high cost of traveling. 2,417,401 people paid admissions to one of the various agricultural fairs conducted within the State. This figure is up 296,209 from last year. $262,421 was expended for prizes by the State and $115,358 was added by the fairs for the promotion of agriculture. 69,205 exhibits were displayed, 32,458 of which were youth, these figures are down 10,605 and 2,550 respectively from 1978. The Massachusetts Building was again very successful with the theme "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher", incorporated into every commodity group presentation. This year the Marine Fisheries joined with us in the building and an excellent display of utilizing under developed species of fish was conducted. The Division hired 12 fair inspectors, on a part time basis, to aid the Director in overseeing the programs. Their value is shown in the reports received on each fair, assuring that the State is in fact getting the most out of prizes awarded and rehabilitation monies allotted. REHABILITATION PROGRAM The rehabilitation committee met and approved allotment of $153,658 to 51 fairs, to help defray the cost of improvements of their facilities in three categories: a) public health; b) animal health; c) displays. The committee also reviewed the guidelines set for the distribution of the monies and made proper changes so as to protect the State from any chance of misused funds. Many of the fairs where monies were allotted were on the brink of disaster. This account is a mainstay, and without it, many fairs would have to cease their operation. FINANCIAL REPORT — DIVISION OF FAIRS The total appropriated budget for the fiscal year was $615,600 . Of this total, $340,600 were appropriated for the fair prize awards, fair inspections, promotional programs and administrative costs; $75,000 were appropriated for the Fair Rehabilitation Program, and $200,000 for the Thoroughbred and Standardbred Programs. 54 THOROUGHBRED HORSE PROGRAM Peter Bundy, Supervisor The Thoroughbred Breeding Program was enacted into law in 1969. The purpose of this program is to encourage agriculture by the breeding of Thoroughbred horses in the Commonwealth, and to maintain open spaces. Incentive award monies are paid to the breeders of Massachusetts bred horses that finish first, second or third in any pari-mutuel races at licensed Thoroughbred race tracks in Massachusetts. The breeders' awards amount to twenty per cent of the purse won by the horse in the race. An additional award of five per cent is paid to the owner of the stallion which sired said horse, provided the stallion stood the entire breeding season in Massachusetts, and is registered with the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture. During the fiscal year of 1980, 1,087 Massachusetts bred Thoroughbreds went to post at Suffolk Downs and four agricultural fairs. Of the number of Massachusetts breds sent postward, these home-bred horses accounted for 151 wins, 149 seconds and 177 thirds, the best percentage of Massachusetts breds ever to be competitive in open racing. This fact proves that the quality of Thoroughbred horses raised in our State is definitely improving. Breeder and stallion awards from the Massachusetts Thoroughbred Breeding Program amounted to $110,947.87 for this period. The revenue derived by the Commonwealth is five per cent of the money wagered on Massachusetts breds, which is obviously a considerable sum. Over 200 Thoroughbred mares were bred by Massachusetts stallions during this period, and the stallion roster remained approximately the same with some older stallions being retired and new ones being added to the registry. 55 STANDARDBKED PROGRAM Barbara E. Dolloff, Supervisor The Standardbred Horse Program encourages and promotes the breeding, propagation, ovmership, raising, racing and marketing of Standardbred horses bred in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Thus it encourages the keeping of open land to promote agriculture and agricultural related industries within the Commonwealth, There are now 49 stallions registered with the Department of Food and Agriculture, standing in service at 43 farms. Last year's breeding produced 125 foals. These foals will be eligible to be registered as "Mass Bred", and participate in the 1982 Sire Stakes Program. There were 59 Sire Stake events, at 8 fairs, for 48 two- and three-year- old horses this year. Though the Standardbred Program is in need of an increase in allotment monies, the program was successful. The quality of breeding has improved, as reflected in the increased market price for a Massachusetts Bred Standardbred horse. In the last year, three such horses were sold for over $30,000 each, including one at $96,000, It is known that these monies will be invested back into the Massachusetts breeding program. Governor Edward King called for a joint meeting with Greyhound, Thoroughbred and Standardbred breeding enthusiasts ,to establish a committee to investigate the feasibility of promoting "Mass. Bred'.' dogs and horses. Though many reports were compiled by committee members interested in a viable program for their particular breed, no new proposal for legislation could be submitted. 56 DIVISION OF MARKETS John J. Fitzgerald, Director PUBLIC INFORMATION Telling the non-farming public about agriculture in our state becomes more important as the numbers of farms and farmers decrease in proportion to city and suburban folks. The availability of farm land is essential to maintaining a strong agriculture in an ever urbanizing state, and so piiblic information efforts in this area are most important. Press releases and public events announcing farms selected to participate in the state's Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program help call attention to the need for protecting farmland in our state. An article is also written on each farm chosen to take part in this unique farmland preservation program. News releases are prepared on other farm issues and Departmental activities such as land use, community gardens, animal health, pesticide and plant pest control programs, fairs and other farm events across the state. The marketing and promotion of Massachusetts farm products are of course necessary to a healthy agricultural economy, and so the Department's public information program concentrates in this area. In addition to press releases covering the production of major local crops, the Division prepared more leaflets in the series covering the nutritive value, selection and preparation of Massachusetts grown vegetables and fruits. News media requesting information were assisted directly or referred to appropriate personnel in the Department or other public or private agencies. The Division also compiled and publicized the listing of farmers market locations across the state, and cooperated with the Massachusetts Federation of Farmers and Gardeners Markets and the Cooperative Extension Service in promoting various direct marketing outlets for local farmers. Public service announcements produced by Channel 5 continued to be used extensively during the summer months by TV stations across the State. Department personnel also continued to take part in various programs such as WBZ Radio's "Countryside" aired Saturday and Sunday mornings, daily market reports aired on WHDH, WEEI, and occasional food demonstration features on the Channel 5's "Good Day" and the Channel 4 "Sharon King" show. The second annual awards for news reporting on agricultural topics were sponsored by the Department in cooperation with the Northeast Communications Officers of State Departments of Agriculture. State winners were David C. Denison, Boston Phoenix, 1st prize; Joyce Miller, Concord Patriot, 2nd prize; and Marya Dantzer-Rosenthal, Minute-Man Publications, Lexington, 3rd prize. The Division helped in the preparation of the booklet "Northeast, USA," a food and agriculture policy endorsed by state Agriculture Commissioners and Governors and the first such regional document of its kind. The third annual "Massachusetts Agriculture Week" took place in August, and the Division coordinated plans with the Cooperative Extension Service, other agriculture agencies and farm leaders across the state. 57 PRODUCT PROMOTION Major food chain stores recognize the need for fresh Massachusetts grown vegetables from local farmers for a successful produce department during the local production period. They realize that competition from local farm stands and farmers markets is at its heaviest during this time and that to entice the consumer to shop at their stores, they must feature local grown vegetables as an attraction. Local food chain stores have been running full colored page advertisements in Boston newspapers using the "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher!" logo. Television commercials also show the logo with a local farmer in the promotion. We feel this is quite an accomplishment, and we are proud of the fact that a local supermarket chain is helping promote our state's agriculture in such a visible way. The consumers are now aware that they can also buy fresh Massachusetts grown vegetables at local food markets, as well as from farm stands and farmers markets. The survival of local commercial farmers depends on volume production and the large food chain is an excellent outlet. A commercial farmer who does business with a food chain knows before he puts the seed in the ground that he has a definite market for his crop. It has become a team effort, each one doing what he knows best, the farmer growing and the food chain store merchandising. The Division of Markets assists them and encourages them to continue this good relationship ■ As the future of the vegetable grower in the State becomes more prom- ising, more large food chain stores show their interest in buying "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher 1" vegetables. PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES - The Division offers promotional material in small amounts free of charge to those interested in promoting Massachusetts agriculture. The Division conducted a "Taste of Massachusetts" booth at the Food and Fun Festival at the Commonwealth Pier promoting various aspects of Massachusetts agricultural products. The Division designed and constructed the Department's exhibit at the New England Spring Flower and Garden Show. The exhibit was presented the "James Underwood Crockett Award" for "Display Best Communicating Horticultural Knowledge" from the New England Nurserymens Association Inc. The Division also exhibits at fairs and public buildings. It also coordinates The Massachusetts Chicken Contest and New Varieties Day for the Massachusetts Flower Growers Association. The Division conducts farm tours for the press, food industry, and visiting dignitaries. The Division is the primary liason with the agricultural sector of the State for the Department. The Division provides the general public and the farmers of the Commonwealth with informative lists: Pick-Your-Own Vegetables, Pick-Your-Own Strawberries, Pick-Your-Own Apples, Pick-Your-Own Blueberries, Where-You-Can-Cut-Your-Own Fresh Christmas Tree, Where To Buy Fresh Turkeys, and locations of Farmers Markets. A directory of Massachusetts growers, sellers, and buyers of fruits and vegetables is published by the Division to service the need of that industry. 58 MARKET NEWS The Federal-State Market News Service publishes the daily "Boston Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Report", which has a circulation of 900 throughout the U.S., Canada and other countries and the "Boston Ornamental Crop Report", circulation of 300 in the U.S., Canada, Central and South America. Market News publications under State auspices include the daily "Springfield Wholesale Market Report", the weekly "Special Apple Market Report" outlining storage holdings and market movement, and the weekly "Food Buyers Guide", listing retail price ranges of 150 fruit, vegetable, meat, poultry and fish items. FOREIGN TRADE SECTION A substantial increase in the number of Massachusetts agribusiness firms participating in the export programs of the Division of Markets has occurred in this fiscal year. There are now 100 firms utilizing the services and resources of the Foreign Trade Section. This is an increase of 20 firms who are either "new-to-export" or are experienced exporters utilizing our services for the first time. A major source of the additional firms has stemmed from the Trade Section's strong support and active participation in the International Seafood Exposition held in Newport, Rhode Island on May 19-20, 1980. A total of 41 domestic fishing industry firms displayed their products to 70 foreign buyers from 15 countries of Europe, South America, Africa and the Far East. According to the National Marine Fisheries Service sources, this international trade show of fish and fish products was perhaps the first of its kind anywhere and was judged as excellent by both exhibitors and buyers . DIRECT MARKETING ACTIVITIES Farmers markets in the Commonwealth are becoming second nature to the consumers and to the farmers across the state. Cities and towns are becoming more interested in them and seek guidance from the Department in their establishment. The Cooperative Extension Service also provides assistance and advice to farmers markets, which are now found at 48 locations across the state during the summer growing season. Funds have been provided to Massachusetts Federation Farmers and Gardeners Markets to assist them in promoting these markets. The Division encourages farmers to sell at these outlets and also assists in publicity and public information concerning the farmers markets. 59 Through the establishment of Farmers Consumer Direct Marketing Act of 1976, the New England Food Cooperative Organization (NEFCO) was able to obtain nearly $1000 for construction materials and purchase a cottage industry scale apple drier for local fruit drying. These funds were also used to purchase a used truck which is utilized to obtain produce from eastern Massachusetts growers unable to deliver to the warehouse. In another novel method of marketing, NEFCO has worked with a number of growers who at peak harvest time find themselves short of farm labor. NEFCO arranged a work schedule with the grower for coop members to work on the farm, and NEFCO is compensated for 10 per cent of whatever crops are harvested. Direct Marketing Act funding was truly instrumental in getting a NEFCO local produce program off the ground. The Roadside Marketing Specialist assists various direct marketing operations across the state. The specialist is in direct contact with Massachusetts growers, working with them to establish new roadside markets, organize existing markets toward more efficient operations or help solve specific marketing problems. He writes a bimonthly newsletter informing growers of marketing trends and retailing techniques. His statewide travels also allow him to work with farmers market organizations and individual growers at these markets. The advice and recommendations given to growers serve to upgrade the appearance, cleanliness and image of roadside farm markets in Massachusetts. The promotional activities of the marketing specialist include the distribution of "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher" promotional materials and work with the Massachusetts Vegetable Growers Associations' "Vegetable of the Week" promotion program. As chairman of the Massachusetts Federation of Farmers and Gardeners Markets' promotion and exhibit committee, he has promoted farmers markets through informative exhibits and live farmers markets at the Massachusetts Farm Tour day in August, Eastern States Exhibition in West Springfield and smaller fairs and functions throughout the year. His recent survey of roadside stands in Massachusetts will provide the necessary information for a Roadside Marketing Directory to be released in the coming fiscal year. MILK FLAVOR PROGRAM This program provides an organoleptic evaluation service for the milk industry with the objective of preventing consumer dissatisfaction with the flavor quality of milk and milk products purchased by them. Milk plant personnel, quality control field men and Future Farmers of America Chapter students are instructed on the types of off-flavors and are trained to recognize the flavor defects and to institute the proper corrective action with milk producer samples, blended tank shipments, and finished products. 60 The samples evaluated range from 5 to 250 per examination with the average monthly total including 50 finished products, 90 blended tank shipments and 755 farm samples. INSPECTION & REGULATORY SERVICES The Federal-State Inspection Service issues U.S.D.A. inspection certificates on shipments of fruit and vegetables at shipping points and local processing plants. These certificates which certify grade, quality, condition and size of the products are done on a prescribed fee basis and are payed by the applicant or shipper. Inspections are also made at wholesale markets and retail stores in order to insure the correct labeling and grading of apples, potatoes, seed, feed, pet food, and fertilizers. Inspectors also check to enforce the "native law", which requires the state of origin to be used whenever the word "native" is displayed. The program provides for inspection and regulation of controlled atmosphere apple storage rooms, cider mills and roadside stands. The annual registration of seed, feed, and fertilizer with the collections of fees and penalties and the administration of the related laws, including cooperative work with the U.S.D.A. and the F.D.A., is part of this overall program. FINANCIAL REPORT The budget appropriated for the Division was $395,100, of which $100,000 were directed to commodity groups for the promotion of their products. Funds are allotted according to the guidelines with the approval of the promotional Advisory Committee and the Commissioner of Food and Agriculture. Copies of these guidelines are available to interested parties. Revenue generated by inspection and registration fees was $105,973. AlassQChusetts grown. ..and fresher! 61 Calendar Year * SEED INSPECTION PROGRAM/OFFICIAL SAMPLES TESTED Agriculture Mixtures (lawn) Vegetables Flowers Flower Mixture 1977 934 1978 835 1979 72 62 37 97 86 103 509 477 528 250 206 132 5 4 3 803 Stop sale orders 9 covering 30 lots of seed - poor germination, noxious weeds, unfit for seeding. FRUIT & VEGETABLE INSPECTION REVENUE 1977 1978 1979 Apples $9,812.07 $10,061.74 $16,090.07 Cranberries 245.32 577.00 Onions 3,374.26 2,979.96 1,741.96 Potatoes 8,862.26 3,251.25 4,411.57 Total $22,293.91 $16,292.95 $22,820.60 FEED, FERTILIZER AND LIME REGISTRATION 1977 1978 1979 Feed/a 1,929 2,008 2,014 Fertilizer/b 658 697 799 Fertilizer/c 15 14 14 Lime/d 25 29 24 FEED, FERTILIZER AND LIME REVENUE 1977 1978 1979 Feed/a $48,225.00 $51,900.00 $50,350.00 Fertilizer/b 16,450.00 18,200.00 20,125.00 Fertilizer/c 1,875.00 1,750.00 1,750.00 Lime/d 625.00 725.00 600.00 Fertilizer/e 8,344.77 8,849.90 10,826.73 Fertilizer/f 3,029.98 2,197.10 1,348.81 $78,549.00 $83,422.00 $85,000.54 /a Brands /d Brands /b Specia Ity brands /e Tonnage /c Commercial plants /f Penalties ♦statistics and revenue are collected on a calendar year 62 MILK CONTROL COMMISSION John B. Kelley, Director The Division of Milk Control completed one of the most challenging years of its existence since 1934 in carrying out its responsibility to the consiimer of milk, the milk dealers at wholesale and retail, and to the farmer-producers of the Commonwealth. In adjudicatory and administrative procedures, and in litigation before the Superior Court, the Commission's decisions were sustained and enforced as to the ongoing battle against predatory pricing and to sustain the priority of Massachusetts produced milk in certain situations permitted by law. Reorganization in bankruptcy of the third largest dairy in the state tested the resources of the State, the Commission staff, and also strained to the utmost the farmers of the state. With the cooperation and assignment of the United States Trustee and Court, efforts were successful in keeping this large employer and supplier on an operating and recuperating basis. Partly through its efforts, the Commission and staff are able to announce and confirm that milk sells to the 6,000,000 Massachusetts consumers at about the lowest price of any state in the country! Progress was significant in the campaign involving the Director and field staff in reorganization and realignment of the butterfat testing and the holding and care of samples for payment purposes. The accuracy of their work determines the income of each and every dairy farmer and occupies much of the five field inspectors' schedule. Successful seminars held at various locations in the State kicked off a program which will be repeated annually so that bulk tank truck drivers are made aware and monitored as to the proper execution of this function. The Milk Control Commission provides a monthly supermarket milk price survey to the International Association of Milk Control Agencies. Milk Control is the agency of State government which licenses all retail outlets of milk and last year more than 3,500 stores were licensed - ranging from the large supermarket chains to the so-called "mom and pop" stores. All in all, it was a year of great progress and efforts are going forward to sponsor and lobby for legislation drafted by Commission Counsel, Peter F. Hines, Esq., to help all dairy farmers by inauguration of a Producer Security Fund to protect dairy farmers against loss when unforseen bankruptcies by dealers occur. The Milk Control Coitmission is a self-sustaining agency whose income mere than covers all payroll and ancillary expenses of the Division. Income derived from the milk industry for the fiscal year amounted to $246,270 and expenses for the period amounted to $214,465. 63 PESTICIDE PROGRAM Lewis F. Wells, Jr., Program Supervisor The Department of Food and Agriculture administers the Pesticide Program which controls the use and application of pesticides in Massachusetts. The registration of pesticides and the issuance of experimental permits is the province of a subcommittee of the Pesticide Board in accordance with Chapter 132B of the General Laws. The Pesticide Board is administratively in the Department and by statute, the Commissioner of Food and Agriculture acts as chairman. The Board advises the Department as to policy in the implementation of the Massachusetts Pesticide Control Act, must approve of regulations promulgated by the Department and the acts as an appeal body to actions of the Department as it carries out the intent of the statute. In fiscal year 1980, the Department continued to phase in the comprehensive pesticide regulatory program set forth in the statute and in regulations made during the previous year. A key action was the negotiation of an enforcement grant with EPA which provides for conducting a program for enforcement of both the state and federal laws. Funds from this grant will provide for chemical analysis of samples taken during inspections and investigations, for the support expenses of two state inspectors, and for legal services from the Office of the Attorney General. These grant funds total $100,797. During the fiscal year 1980, the following actions were taken by the Pesticide Program: 1. 2751 persons were certified to apply or supervise the application of restricted pesticides. 2, 408 persons were licensed to apply general use pesticides to land of another or to apply restricted pesticides under the direct supervision of certified persons. 3- 95 persons were licensed as dealers in restricted pesticides. 4. 52 investigations of pesticide incidents were carried out. Consultation relative to proper use of pesticides was given to other state agencies, municipal agencies, and the general public as requested. It is estimated that this aspect of the program takes 20 to 25 per cent of the time of the staff. The Pesticide Program's budget for the fiscal year 1980 was $86,745. 64 PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION Peter C. Kuzmiski, Director Preventing the introduction and spread of damaging agricultural plant pests and diseases into the Commonwealth is the primary goal of the Plant Pest Control Division. This responsibility is directed towards preventing serious losses to property owners and avoiding nuisances caused by the presence and activities of these pests. The program also authorizes the unrestricted movement of plants and plant products throughout the country, so that producers can participate in fair trade competition. In addition to contributing to the economic benefit of the plant industry, the Plant Pest Control Division helps to assure a higher quality product for the consumer. NURSERY INSPECTION The detection of plant pests by the inspection of nurseries is necessary and beneficial for several reasons. Many pests have limits to their distribution, thus the prevention of spread on infested or infected plants helps in the containment of the pest. During nursery inspection pests that are capable of causing serious damage may be noted, so controls are suggested and applied before damage occurs. Early detection of a pest problem will aid in preventing its spread within the nursery and will permit controls to be applied before the pest reaches serious proportions. This is very important to a nurseryman who ships his plants interstate and runs the expensive risk of having his plants rejected because of the presence of damaging pests. Nursery inspection also guarantees the consumer of purchasing healthy and pest free plants. This year there were 450 nurseries and 85 greenhouses inspected. Agents' licenses were issued to 350 applicants. An agent is a person or establishment who buys and sells or takes orders for nursery stock, but does not grow the plants in ground. The common pests found in nurseries this year were: aphids, lace bugs, mealy bugs, scales, and leaf chewers. Japanese Beetle populations in the nurseries were less than in the previous year. The White Fly was the predominant pest found in greenhouses. The nursery inspection force consisted of six temporary and three permanent inspectors. The work begins on July 1 by law, and usually ends in the first week of September. PHYTOSANITARY CERTIFICATES Plant health certificates are issued for plants and seeds destined to other states and to foreign countries. There were 410 certificates issued for the exportation of plants and 408 certificates for the shipping of plant seed to foreign countries. 65 POSTENTRY QUARANTINE Certain plants from foreign countries must be grown here for two growing seasons before they can be released from quarantine. Inspections are made during the growing season here, and releases are made after the final inspection. Plants from foreign countries were growing here at 37 sites this year. Some of these plants included, Rosa, Aesculus, Acer, Sorbus, Dianthus, Hibiscus, Hydrangea, Ulmus, and Cedrus. WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST QUARANTINE In order to prevent the spread of the fungus that causes the White Pine Blister Rust disease, it is necessary to restrict the planting of currants and gooseberries in certain localities of the Commonwealth. These plants act as an alternate host of the disease. The fungus must live and grow at least a year on the currant or gooseberry before it can spread and infect the White Pine. There are 144 towns and cities where the planting of currants and gooseberries is prohibited. Control-area permits are issued to nurseries shipping these plants into non-prohibited planting sites. This year 91 control-area permits were issued. GYPSY MOTH The Gypsy Moth was on the increase again this year. This pest did not pose too much of a problem to the nurseries due to a spray schedule maintained by the nurserymen. However, there was an estimated defoliation rate of over 230,000 acres of woodland defoliated from 30 to 100 per cent this year. No control was attempted by state authorities. Some cities and towns did apply sprays, but they were not too successful in obtaining meaningful control. Property owners were advised to undertake control measures on their own lands. Federal authorities treated two camp sites by applying a pesticide with ground equipment this year. These camp sites were areas where recreational vehicles frequented, and some were destined to states that did not yet have the Gypsy Moth. The chemical pesticide, Sevin, was used for the spray material. Forecasts for 1980 show at least a fifty per cent increase in this pest. SURVEYS Surveys were conducted this year for the presence of the Cereal Leaf Beetle, European Chafer, Red Steele disease of strawberry and noxious weeds. The majority of Cereal Leaf Beetle larvae and adults were found to be parasitized by one of our introduced parasitic wasps, and it was concluded that further control of this pest by man was not necessary now. The survey for European Chafer showed that this pest has not spread out of the known infested area of Eastern Massachusetts. Red Steele disease was not found in any of our strawberry plant nurseries this year. The noxious weed survey was initially done here this year as a federal cooperative project. No exotic noxious weeds were discovered, however important data useful for future surveys has been recorded, and guidelines are now available to assist in making more efficient surveys of this nature. 66 APIARY INSPECTION The report of the apiary inspection work is included in this report. COLLABORATION WITH U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Collaboration with the Federal agency continued in the prograns of Gypsy and Brown-Tail Moth quarantine enforcement, Japanese Beetle control. Black Stem Rust control. Pest Detection Survey, Port Inspection, Noxious Weed Survey and Plant Export Certification, Two of our permanent inspectors are assigned to these collaborator programs. Field offices are located in Hadley and waltham, PUBLIC INFORIIATION ACTIVITIES Information relating to horticultural and vegetable plant culture, pest control, use of pesticides and many other related subjects is made available to the public via the telephone, correspondence, news media, and personal visits. Insect and plant identification is a common inquiry. The Division maintains a regular monthly radio program featuring a question and answer call show. The fiscal budget of $92,000 allowed the maintenance of 5 permanent and 13 temporary employees this year. 67 APIARY INSPECTION Thomas S. Leonard, Chief Inspector As only two inspectors worked actively through the summer of 1979 and the inspection program started through June with four inspectors, the available statistics do not accurately reflect beekeeping in the state. It is a fact that there are over twice as many beekeepers and hives as previously reported. It is also becoming apparent, through spot checks and reports from individuals and county organizations, that the major bee disease, American Foulbrood, is approaching 10 per cent. Most states and professional beekeepers feel that a 1 per cent A.F.B. rate is manageable and acceptable. The honey flow in 1979 was very good, and most bees went into the winter in a strong condition. The strong hives coupled with the mild winter contributed to excessive swarming this spring. Five towns contacted the Division with complaints, with two taking the beekeeper to court. There is no state policy on keeping bees, although the ability to work with both the beekeeper and the town officials proved beneficial in resolving these complaints. The value of honey bees as pollinators has long been recognized although not properly acknowledged. Fruit set can be more than tripled with one hive per acre on cranberry bogs and apple orchards. About 20,000 hives were ren-ted for fruit pollination in Massachusetts, at an average of $23 per hive. Legislation providing for the registering of bee hives and the certification of bee equipment and bees for sale within the State was again defeated this year. The two major obstacles to the apiary program's development and growth with the expanding Massachusetts beekeeping are: 1. The recruitment of qualified inspectors. 2. The lack of understanding and cooperation of the Legislature in regard to a beekeeper's problems and needs. 68 > H cn s T) z s ^ K 'n w 03 DO D3 '^ O G o o M D § ^ cn td ?3 > • > Tl o s D ^^3 13 z td W « ^ w It" O M o o Ir' (^5 D •p^ X 1^ w cn » m f W G t-' td a: td t-l o a: H J^ H H ?? m M 2 M t-l H > h-" ?3 K s 2 s 03 t^ \£> td ^ 1 1 U) to M • IX) (jJ ^ tn M M M IX) NJ M M O CO U) Ul O *> Ul ^ NJ ^ cfp N) IX) 01 h-' 01 O 00 Ul o O -J o 01 O o IX) kD Ol *» j:^ M Ul ^ M IX) *> 00 o 01 01 00 -J ^ 4i M Ul ^ CO cn 00 o \D to to *> 01 01 -J VD O Ul O un Ul M (Ti Ul Ln IJi 01 I-' to 1X5 > a> H' u> 00 00 to ^ 1 01 M IX) to 1 •~J • 01 IX) o t^ H' Ul Ul h-' IX) tj) NJ 00 00 CO 01 00 -~J o 01 M 00 -0 (X) • -^ CO O \D M to ^ o o ^ o 1 U) o M kC 00 O 00 Ul M W h-i IX) -J NJ ^ o o ^ Ul Ul H' 1 o O J^ o iXi (Ti o"? 00 M Ln 4^ 4i. to 1 IX) 00 M M ON O O to UJ o o NJ 4^ U) O M ^D M O M O) 1 ^ • ^ o M ^ -J M o 1 o O M o ^ '^ • M 1X1 ro M Ul 01 03 • NJ h-i K) ^ CO Ji. I-' o o O ^ t o O M Vfl -J ID 00 M ~J 1 1X3 -J M CO O O U) Ul o o 1 o O O o IX) tTi of 00 M 4^ OJ IX) 03 (ji o O M *^ o o o o o o ' o O M M • 1 IX) • o o O o o o o ' o o o o ^X) Dd M • 00 M M o M M o o o o o o o 1 o o VD 00 o 1 1 1— ' • -J c*P o o G z H td o D O CD M 5d td O O 2 td o cn • ?3 O O td o cn CO > n cn M 1-3 H3 cn O H ^n > w g ^ § § > t-i o cn cn td H ►tl > > o cn h3 o O H o 2 cn M 1^ H § IX) n o CO > o t-i > tn § JO H •T3 n O G JO tr* ^^ g > H > a cn td n ^3 H s 69 STATE RECLAMATION BOARD John J. McColgan, Chairman The Department of Food and Agriculture is represented on the State Reclamation Board by John J. McColgan and the Department of Environmental Quality Engineering by James L, Dallas. The third member position at the present time is vacant due to the retirement of Albert H. Zabriskie of the Department of Environmental Management. With the advent of Charles Cannon's retirement Elizabeth M. Costello was appointed secretary of the Reclamation Board. This year the Board employed Mark S. Buff one as Entomologist. It has been several years since the Board has had the services of a staff member trained in entomology, and this has helped increase our program of work and services to the public this year. As in previous years, the State Reclamation Board's main activities focused on the mosquito problems of the Commonwealth. This year the Board provided the district commissioners with administrative resources, technical assistance and recommendations relative to mosquito control practices. The Board has under its aegis ten regional districts which provide 188 municipalities of the Commonwealth with expert and trained personnel, special equipment, material, and a comprehensive plan to efficiently and effectively reduce mosquito populations. The Board initiated a program of review and approval of the procedures of the remaining mosquito control programs of municipalities not in a district. This year the Town of Bedford voted to re-enter the East Middlesex County Mosquito Control Project after voting itself out for the last two years. The Town of Lunenburg became a new member of the Central Massachusetts Mosquito Control Project. The City of Leominster requested to become a member of Central Massachusetts Mosquito Control District; the request was untimely, and action will be taken to include Leominster next year. Interest from citizens in the southwest area of Worcester County prompted filing of legislation to form a new mosquito control district. The proposed legislation was passed by the House but failed in the Senate. Legislation was also filed to have the South Shore Mosquito Control Project become a district organized under the provisions of Chapter 252. Regarding the financing of the mosquito projects; all mosquito control operations, totaling approximately $2,000,000 are financed locally. The eight organized mosquito districts funding is based on a formula involving land area and valuation. The formula is spelled out in the special legislative act under which each district is organized. East Middlesex and South Shore Mosquito Control Projects are voluntary trusts; they are funded by the cities and towns who have elected to join them through town meetings or city council vote. During the year, the mosquito control budgets that were requested for the 1981 fiscal year were cut in committee, and in some cases, significantly. The Senate Ways and Means Committee conducted a survey of all communities in each district to ensure that they were agreeable to the assessment. After this survey, the Committee reinstated these monies to full funding for each mosquito control project. This year the Biting Fly Project continued to be a valuable service. It is currently supported by a matching funds agreement between the University of Massachusetts Extension Service and the ten regional mosquito control projects via the State Reclamation Board. Jere Downing (Biting Fly Specialist) has 70 prepared several informational documents relating to mosquito control for the public's education. He initiated a state-wide mosquito survey utilizing a survey tool called the light trap and has looked at newer insecticides as alternatives to current materials used for mosquito control. This year the Board has come forth with many ideas and much more effort to establish a solid foundation of technical assistance in mosquito control and policy matters. The mosquito-climate cycle is important because mosquito breeding is greatly influenced by the amount of precipitation during the season. At the beginning of the 1980 fiscal year, weather conditions were ideal for producing mosquitoes. There was above normal rainfall in August, but the temperatures were below normal for the month and they affected mosquito activity. A very mild and dry winter led to low-to-moderate populations in the spring during which, however, there were localized areas of heavy infestation. The budget of $54,575 covered the costs of the administrative work of the Board, services of regular employees of the Board, and necessary expenses incurred in overseeing the work of the various mosquito control projects in operation during the year. 71 CREDITS AND CAPTIONS Cover: Ashfield, Massachusetts — down the road from Lesure Farm. In 1978, Linwood Lesure was named "National Tree Farmer of the Year" by the American Forestry Institute. Photo by Arthur Griffin. Design by The Center for Media Development, UMass/Boston. Inside Cover Photo Pages: Front page (from top left, clockwise) — Food and Agriculture Commissioner Fred Winthrop with Wallace C. Wilkie at his farm in Lakeville, the first selected for funding in the state Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program; Governor Edward J. King with APR program participants Pauline Allard of the Rainville Trust, Uxbridge, and Albert B. Loring of Norwell; Edward Swenson of Whitman, President of the Massachusetts Federation of Farmers and Gardeners Markets with daughter Sondra (left) and Bonnie Byrnes; Al Volante at his farm in Needham; Liz Walker of Channel 4 Eyewitness News at UMass Suburban Experiment Station in Waltham; Hereford enjoying farm life in Massachusetts. Back page (from top left, clockwise) — Carolyn Shiel, farmstand manager at Allandale Farm in Brookline; Governor King and part of group attending proclamation ceremonies for 1980 Massachusetts Agriculture Week; at Fields Corner farmers market (left to right) Carol Fizer, Joe Harper, Krista Scharf enberg, Kristen McCormack and Joe Ureneck, members of Dorchester Gardenlands Preserve and Development Corp- oration; at Lookout Farm in South Natick, Linda Blackman, consumer reporter at Channel 7 News, and John Johnson, farmstand manager; Joe Finnegan (left) , Manager of Little City Hall at Uphams Corner and Bob Downing of Harmony Farm in North Reading; Maggie O'Keefe at Allandale Farm in Brookline. Annual Report of the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture: Edited by Janet Christensen, assisted by Melanie Botelho, Simmons College student intern. Typed by Mary Lou Cafarella, assisted by Virginia McHugh. 1 Cnortheast,usa) 72 1978 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE PRELIMINARY REPORT MASSACHUSETTS AC78-P-25-000 Issued May 1980 The preliminary reports are being published on a flow basis for all counties in the United States with 10 farms or more and for each State, geographic region, and the United States. This series is intended to provide, at the earliest date, information on major data items These items are standard for each State and county except in Table 3, Crops Harvested, where the items will vary by Stale according to their relative importance in the State in 1978. The 1978 data are subject to revision. Final data will be published in Volume 1, State and County Data. Inventories of livestock and poultry and other specified items are as of December 31 of the census year. Crop and livestock production and sales data are for calendar year 1978, except for a few crops (such as citrus) for which the production year overlaps the calendar year. The volume 1 appendix will provide a more detailed description of how the census was taken along with pertinent definitions and explanations. The 1978 census data collection program was the first to include an area segment sample to provide reliable estimates, for States, of the number and the characteristics of any farms not represented in the mail portion of the census Estimates for such farms are an integral part of the totals shown in the State reports, but are not included in county totals, thus State totals for 1978 and 1974 are not directly comparable. The contribution of the area segment sample to Stale totals is shown on pages 5 through 8. In keeping with prior practice, the dollar figures shown in this report have not been adjusted for changes in price levels between census years. Definition of farm— In accordance with a joint agreement between the US Department of Agriculture, the Office of l^flanagement and Budget, and the Bureau of the Census, announced on August 12, 1975, a farm, for statistical purposes, is any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were sold, or normally would have been sold, dunng the census year. The previous definition (used for the 1959, 1964, 1969 censuses, and for the 1974 preliminary county reports) counted as a farm any place with less than 10 acres from which $250 or more of agncultural products were sold or normally would have been sold dunng the census year, or any place of 10 acres or more from which $50 or more of agncultural products were sold or normally would have been sold during the census year The effect of the change in definition on 1978 and 1974 data is shown for selected items in the appendix on page 4. Sampling — Data collected from only a sample of farms are subject to sampling error. The appendix in volume 1 will contain a detailed discussion. Special tribute is paid to the millions of farm and ranch operators and other agnculture-associated people who furnished the individual reports from which these statistical summanes were compiled Also acknowledged with gratitude is the contributory effort of US Department of Agriculture and other county-level government and private officials who offered their support and willingly assisted individuals requesting help in completing their 1978 census reports. The following symbols are used throughout the tables; - Zero (D) Data withheld to avoid disclosing information for individual farms. (X) Not applicable (Z) Less than half of the unit reported. (NA) Not available. Table 1. Selected Summary Items: 1978 and 1974 Farms and land in farms: Farms number.. Land in farms acres.. Average size of farm acres.. Value of land and buildings: ' Average per farm dollars.. Average per acre dollars.. Farms by size: Less than 10 acres number. 10 to 49 acres number.. 50 to 1 79 acres number . 180 to 499 acres number.. 500 to 999 acres number.. 1,000 to 1,999 acres number.. 2,000 acres or more number,. Land according to use: Total cropland farms.. acres.. Harvested cropland farms.. acres.. Cropland used only for pasture farms.. acres.. Other cropland farms.. acres.. Woodland including woodland pastured farms.. acres.. Other pastureland and rangeland farms.. acres. Land in house lots, ponds, roads, wasteland, etc ...farms acres. Irrigated land farms.. acres See footnotes at end of table All farms Farms with sales of $2,500 or more 1978 1974 1978 1974 5 905 4 497 3 882 3 185 680 513 601 734 537 717 496 050 115 134 139 156 169 774 128 535 197 031 150 448 1 440 961 1 399 966 994 627 600 396 1 798 1 185 1 029 746 2013 1 637 1 315 1 133 931 876 784 752 138 142 128 131 25 21 21 19 6 9 5 8 5 544 4 212 3 660 2 957 311 516 257 033 257 020 221 873 5 123 4 032 3 430 2 874 214 220 188 015 184 829 168 942 2 510 1 601 1 430 1 014 77 487 55 467 58 373 43 669 1 152 704 807 476 19 809 13 551 13818 9 262 3 589 2 631 2315 1 810 273 786 240 463 205 790 188 792 707 3 228 498 552 31 304 104 238 23 972 33 240 4 026 (') 2 621 2 168 63 907 (=) 50 935 52 145 1 029 879 895 750 16 995 18 512 16 570 17 887 U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census For sale by Subscribers Services Section {Publications). Bureau ol the Census, Washington, D C 20233, or any Department oi Commerce district oHice Price 25 cents per copy Table 1. Selected Summary Items: Agricultural products sold and farm related income: Market value of products sold ' $1,000. Average per farm dollars- Crops $1,000. Livestock and livestock products $1,000. Poultry and poultry products $1,000. Farms by value of sales: Sales of $20,000 or more number. $100,000 or more number. $40,000 to $99.999 number. $20,000 to S39.999 number. Sales of less than $20,000 . number. $10,000 to $19.999 number. $5,000 to $9,999 number. $2,500 to $4,999 number. Less than $2,500 number. Value of agricultural products sold directly to individuals for human consumption . farms.. 51,000 Income from machine work, customwork. and other agncultural services provided for others farms.. $1.000.. Farms by type of organization: Individual or family number Partnership number. Corporation number. Family held number. Other than family held number. Other— cooperatives, estates or trusts, institutional, etc number.. Operator characteristics: Tenure of operator: Full owner farms.. Part owiner farms.. Tenant farms.. Pnncipal occupation and residence: ' Farming farms. Residence on farm operated farms Residence not on farm operated farms Other than farming farms Residence on farm operated farms Residence not on farm operated farms Average age of operator ' years Sex of operator male. female Operators reporting days of work off farm: * Any farms.. 100 days or more farms.. Selected production expenses: ' Livestock and poultry purchased $1.000.. Feed purchased for livestock and poultry $1.000.. Commercially mixed formula feeds $1.000.. Animal health costs $1.000.. Seeds, bulbs, plants, and trees $1,000.. Commercial fertilizer $1,000.. Other agncultural chemicals including lime $1,000.. Hired farm labor $1,000.. Workers working 150 days or more farms.. number. Contract labor $1.000.. Customwork and machine hire $1,000. Energy costs ■ petroleum products. electricity, coal, wood, coke, etc $1,000.. Gasoline and other petroleum products $1,000.. Gasoline $1,000.. Diesel fuel $1 ,000.. Machinery and equipment: ' Estimated market value of all machinery and equipment $1,000.. Average per farm dollars.. Motortrucks including pickups farms.. number.. Wheel tractors farms. number. ' 1978 data are based on a sample of farms ' Data included with Oirier paslureiand and rangeland ^ 1974 data inclLde sales of forest products. * 1 974 data exclude corporations and other organizations 2— MASSACHUSETTS 1978 and 1974 —Con. 1 1 All farms Farms with sales of $2,500 or more 1978 1974 1978 19; 215 943 179 653 212 698 177 V 36 569 39 950 54 791 55.|| 101 461 86 453 100 103 85 95 799 68 330 94 086 67 18 682 24 134 18 508 2; 1 764 1 664 1 750 494 347 492 697 685 687 573 632 571 4 141 2 833 2132 566 537 563 719 498 718 852 503 851 2 004 1 295 (X) 1 254 (NA) 848 9 792 (NA) 9 462 412 386 31 1 M 836 1 307 696 m 5 019 (NA) 1 3 106 21 449 (NA) 383 : 375 (NA) 363 i« 335 (NA) 325 m 40 (NA) 38 :■ 62 (NA) 30 1 3 858 3 015 2 309 1 1 687 1 213 1 304 1 360 269 269 JI 3 069 2 560 2 572 2I 2 476 (NA) 2 029 ■ 384 (NA) 354 H 2 836 1 604 1 310 a 2 314 (NA) 995 M 361 (NA) 222 ■ 51.9 54.2 52.3 ■ 5 448 (NA) 3 607 ■ 457 (NA) 275 ■ 3 281 1815 1 766 ;jl 2 838 1 505 1 422 { 11890 8 110 11511 7 40 933 40 395 39 576 39 33 733 36 735 33 147 36 1 541 (NA) 1 411 7 933 6 645 7 771 6 7 384 5 808 6 945 5 4 072 2 768 3 870 2 40 815 31 981 39 728 31 1 465 (NA) 1 323 1 6 120 (NA) 5 742 4 1 655 896 1 623 1 714 990 1 571 ' 16 171 (NA) 15 521 , 12 105 8 766 1 1 607 8 4 859 (NA) 4 505 3 1 131 (NA) 1 099 ' 128 674 84 637 112 496 72 21805 19 729 28 971 23 4 880 3 643 3 447 2 9 982 7 710 8 035 6 4 773 3 675 3 200 2 10 974 8 630 8 523 7 1978 CENSUS OF AGF ilCULTURE— PRELIMINARY REPC Table 2. Livestock and Poultry: 1978 and 1974 Cattle and calves Inventory farms.. number.. Farms by size of inventory: 1 to 19 farms- number.. 20 to 99 farms.. number.. 100 to 499 farms.. number.. 500 or more farms.. number.. Cows and heifers that had calved farms.. number.. Beet cows farms.. number.. tvlilk cows farms.. number.. Heifers and heifer calves farms. number.. Steers and bulls including calves farms.. number.. Cattle and calves sold farms.. number.. Cattle fattened on gram and concentrates farms.. number.. Dairy products sold farms.. $1.000.. All farms 1978 1974 Hogs and pigs inventory . farms, number. Farms by size of inventory: 1 to 99 farms.. number.. 100 to 499 farms.- number.. 500 or more farms.. number.. Hogs and pigs used or to be used tor breeding farms.. number. Hogs and pigs sold farms.. number.. Feeder pigs sold farms.. number.. Litters farrowed between — Dec. 1 of preceding year and Nov. 30 farms.. number.. Dec. 1 of preceding year and l\/lay 31 farms.. number . June 1 and Nov. 30 farms.. number.. Sheep and lambs inventory farms.. number.. Ewes 1 year old or older farms.. number.. Sheep and lambs sold farms.. number.. Sheep and lambs shorn farms.. number, pounds of wool . number Chickens 3 months old or older Hens and pullets of laying age nventory inventory farms number farms number Farms by size of in 1 to 1.599 .. . ventory: farms 1 ,600 to 9,999. . number farms 10.000 or more number farms number Broilers sold farms number Turkeys sold farms number 2 601 102 572 1 418 9 859 894 42 127 284 47 331 5 3 255 2 250 60 565 1 305 10 275 1 358 50 290 1 862 33 077 1 546 8 930 2 065 55 081 321 3 057 934 61 835 907 58 856 791 8 804 88 (D) 28 (D) 365 7 352 549 66 208 219 14 385 405 8 947 350 4 541 303 4 406 419 7 153 354 4 870 277 4 192 314 6 069 41 023 1 388 8 124 945 1 512 703 925 1 314 420 841 64 621 53 209 797 31 1 040 002 49 (D) 70 (D) 1 994 103 938 776 6 238 936 46 198 275 45 008 7 6 494 1 730 62 978 759 7 650 1 239 55 328 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 1 745 48 032 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 465 43 229 370 4 089 71 14 806 24 24 334 (NA) (NA) 309 52 681 86 11 531 206 7 191 165 3 720 163 3 471 264 5 896 (NA) (NA) 164 3 600 (NA) (NA) (NA) 710 4 687 577 1 956 434 558 1 682 941 456 62 564 61 232 538 41 (D) 31 301 430 Farms with sales of $2,500 or more 1978 1974 (NA) (NA) 1 626 93 669 521 4 123 823 (D) 277 (D) 5 3 255 1 436 56 336 620 7 262 1 032 49 074 1 223 30 214 971 7 119 1 495 52 180 191 2 700 873 61 214 488 54 741 381 (D) 79 (D) 28 (D) 262 6 872 380 63 771 147 13 229 281 8 437 250 4 162 247 4 275 159 3 585 128 2 459 112 2 340 110 3 157 21 073 644 3 747 437 1 479 628 430 1 287 304 350 (D) 49 (D) 31 1 040 002 25 (D) 49 (D) 1 409 96 204 297 2 539 834 42 914 271 44 257 7 6 494 1 274 59 352 402 5 161 1 058 54 191 1 102 29 915 840 6 937 1 333 45 244 123 1 797 955 50 396 313 41 968 220 3 166 69 (D) 24 24 334 156 5 182 240 51 642 62 11 172 167 7 016 135 3 643 135 3 373 98 2 696 86 1 979 63 1 969 54 2 191 12 979 370 3 375 339 1 936 943 332 1 665 358 233 51 251 58 226 268 41 (D) 22 299 871 32 171 244 1978 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE— PRELIMINARY REPORT MASSACHUSETTS— 3 Table 3. Crops Harvested: Corn for silage or green chop (green) farms. acres., tons.. Irish potatoes farms acres., cwt Hay, all (dry) farms.. acres., tons.. Other tame dry hay (dry) farms.. acres, tons . Land in orchards (arms.. acres,. Apples farms. acres lbs. Vegetables, sweet corn or melons for sale farms.. acres.. Sweet corn for sale farms acres Cranbernes for sale (100-lb barrels) farms.. acres.. 100-lb.. nd 1974 All farms Farms with sales of $2,500 or more 1978 1974 1978 1974 967 (NA) 863 790 39 432 (NA) 38 245 33 273 646 248 (NA) 627 633 526 679 187 226 131 163 3 504 4 266 3 456 4 180 749 463 837 696 746 471 827 336 3 083 2 191 1 862 1 464 133 299 110 327 107 183 94 114 263 190 225 714 229 725 201 372 2 209 (NA) 1 362 (NA) 80 435 (NA) 62 584 57 798 151 581 (NA) 129 715 119 780 515 366 300 249 8 566 9 366 7 573 8 913 452 (NA) 272 243 7 691 (NA) 6 901 8 302 92 202 921 (NA) 91 020 058 95 327 544 1 095 931 897 682 15 373 (NA) 14 858 14 954 671 (NA) 545 465 7 299 (NA) 7 037 7 619 381 (NA) 336 304 10 062 (NA) 9 925 9 550 1 072 138 (NA) 1 065 572 757 413 Appendix. All farms number.. Farms with sales less than $2,500 number Land in farms acres.. Total cropland acres.. Harvested cropland acres Value of agricultural products sold $1,000.. Crops $1,000,. Livestock, poultry, and their products $1,000 . Cattle and calves inventory number,. Hogs and pigs inventory number.. Chickens 3 months old or older inventory number.. ange for Selected Items: 1978 and 1974 Definition used for 1974 and 1978 Definition used for 1959, 1964, and 1969 Operations excluded by current definition but not by 1959 definition 1978 1974 1978 1974 1978 1974 5 905 4 497 8 830 5 127 2 925 630 2 004 1 295 4 929 1 925 2 925 630 680 513 601734 780 985 630 752 100 472 29 018 311516 257 033 339 204 262 685 27 688 5 652 214 220 188 015 224 948 189 335 10 728 1320 215 943 179 653 216 654 179 832 712 179 101461 86 453 101 756 86 534 295 81 114 481 92 464 114 899 92 555 417 91 102 572 103 938 104 510 104 363 1 938 425 58 856 43 229 59 119 43 418 263 189 1512 703 1956 434 1 524 253 1 959 408 1 1 550 2 974 4— MASSACHUSETTS 1978 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE— PRELIMINARY REPORT ESTIMATED NUMBER AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMS NOT INCLUDED IN COUNTY TOTALS The 1978 Census of Agriculture was conducted pnmarily by mail for maximum economy, supplemented by thorough personal canvass of a statistical area segment sample for maximum accuracy of coverage The following portion of the State preliminary report is based on the area segment sample, and provides estimates of the number and characteristics of any farms in the S;ate not represented in the mail portion of the 1978 census The sample design provided for reliable estimates for States but was not large enough to provide estimates for counties Thus, any data item for 1978 in the State totals portion of this preliminary report (pages 1-4) can normally be expected to be the sum r' that data item as reported in the county preliminary reports plus the entry for that data item in this "not allocated to counties" portion. Data collection for the 1969 and 1974 Censuses of Agriculture was primarily by mail The mailing lists for these censuses were compiled from the previous ^e^z^s and from records obtained from the Internal Revenue Service, US Department of Agriculture, other government agencies, and nongovernment agriculture-related associations. The constant change occurnng in farm operations and the time involved in obtaining source lists and combining them into a final mailing list cause the list to be somewhat out of date before it is used. In addition, some farm operators, particularly for small operations, never appear on any of the source lists. Evaluation studies for both the 1969 and 1974 censuses indicated that the lists were not adequate to assure complete coverage The estimates indicate that approximately 17 percent of all farms were missed in the 1969 census and 13 percent were missed in the 1974 census, representing about 3 percent of the total value of all agricultural products sold for each of the two census years. Although the aggregate value of products attributable to the farms which were missed was small both in terms of total products and farms reporting various types of products, the undercoverage was significant especially in number of farms. The dual system of data collection was implemented for the 1978 census in order to minimize the effect of undercoverage on census data In addition to complete coverage of a mailing list, enumerators canvassed an area segment sample in each State and interviewed farm operators for census data This sample was designed to provide State estimates for farms not on the mailing list. Data for all farms on the mailing list were used to prepare county reports Farms enumerated in the area segments but not iden'ified on the mailing list were used as the basis for estimating the total number and characteristics of all farms in the State not on the mailing list For 1974. data were collected only from the mailing list and the State total for a specific Item is equal to the sum of the county reports No data comparable to the 1978 area segment sample estimates were included in 1974 State totals. The State totals for 1978 with the area segment sample data— not allocated to counties — excluded, are directly comparable to the 1974 State totals. An evalua- tion of coverage for the 1978 census will be provided in a special coverage report. Since the data in this report were collected from a sample of farms, all items are subject to sampling error. The appendix in volume 1 will contain a detailed discussion and measures of sampling error for census data The following symbols are used throughout the tables: - Zero (D) Data withheld to avoid disclosing information for individual farms (X) Not applicable. (Z) Less than half of the unit reported (NA) Not available. Table 1 Selected Summary Items: 1978 and 1974 Farms and land in farms: Farms number Land in farms acres. Average size of farm acres. Value of land and buildings: ' Average per farm dollars Average per acre dollars Farms by size: Less than 10 acres number 10 to 49 acres number 50 to 179 acres number 180 to 499 acres number 500 to 999 acres number. 1.000 to 1.999 acres number 2.000 acres or more number Land according to use: Total cropland farms acres.. Harvested cropland farms acres.. Cropland used only for pasture farms acres- Other cropland farms acres. Woodland including woodland pastured farms acres.. Other pastureland and rangeland farms acres . Land in house lots, ponds, roads, wasteland, etc ..farms acres Irrigated land farms.. acres.. See footnotes at end of table. All farms Farms with sales of S2.500 or more 1978 1974 1978 1974 937 (NA) 269 (NA) 61 143 (NA) 27 563 (NA) 65 (NA) 102 (NA) 93 557 (NA) 93 943 (NA) 1 434 (NA) 917 (NA) 189 (NA) 47 (NA) 391 (NA) 106 (NA) 312 (NA) 78 (NA) 45 (NA) 38 (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) ~ (NA) ~ (NA) 875 (NA) 245 (NA) 34 296 (NA) 14 582 (NA) 704 (NA) 144 (NA) 16 246 (NA) 6 587 (NA) 663 (NA) 172 (NA) 15 075 (NA) 7 322 (NA) 128 (NA) 70 (NA) 2 975 (NA) 673 (NA) 595 (NA) 200 (NA) 20 355 (NA) 10 872 (NA) 45 (NA) 22 (NA) 2 366 (NA) 638 (NA) 751 {') 215 (NA) 4 126 (') 1 471 (NA) 59 (NA) 37 (NA) 184 (NA) 140 (NA) 1978 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE— PRELIMINARY REPORT MASSACHUSETTS— 5 Table 1. Selected Summary Items: 1978 and 1974 —Con. Agricultural products sold and farm related income: Market value of products sold ' $1,000 Average per farm dollars- Crops $1,000 Livestock and livestock products $1,000 Poultry and poultry products $1,000.. Farms by value of sales: Sales of $20,000 or more number.. $100,000 or more number.. $40,000 to $99,999 number. 320.000 to 539,999 number.. Sales of less than $20,000 number. $10,000 to $19. 999 number. $5,000 to $9.999 number $2,500 to $4,999 number . Less than $2.500 number Value of agncultural products sold directly to individuals for human consumption farms $1,000, Income from machine work, customwork, and other agricultural services provided for others farms. $1.000.. Farms by type of organization: Individual or family number. Partnership number Corporation number.. Family held number . Other than family held number.. Other— cooperatives, estates or trusts, institutional, etc number. . Operator characteristics: Tenure of operator: Full owner farms Part owner farms.. Tenant farms.. Pnncipal occupation and residence ' Farming farms,. Residence on farm operated farms.. Residence not on farm operated farms . Other than farming farms. Residence on farm operated farms.. Residence not on farm operated farms.. Average age of operator ' years. Sex of operator male . female.. Operators reporting days of work off farm: * Any farms.. 100 days or more farms.. Selected production expenses: ' Livestock and poultry purchased $1,000. Feed purchased for livestock and poultry $1,000 Commercially mixed formula feeds $1.000.. Animal health costs $1,000, Seeds, bulbs, plants, and trees $1,000 . Commercial fertilizer $1.000,. Other agricultural chemicals including lime $1,000.. Hired farm labor $1,000.. Workers working 150 days or more farms.. number Contract labor $1.000.. Customwork and machine hire $1.000.. Energy costs • petroleum products. electricity, coal, wood, coke, etc $1,000., Gasoline and other petroleum products $1,000.. Gasoline $1,000., Diesel fuel $1 ,000,. Machinery and equipment: ' Estimated market value of all machinery and equipment $1,000 . Average per farm dollars,. Motortrucks including pickups farms number. Wheel tractors farms . number. ' 1978 data are based on a sample of farms ' Data included with Other paslureland and rangeiand ' 1974 data include sales of forest products ' 1974 data exclude corporations and other organizations All farms Farms with sales of $2,500 or more 1978 1974 1978 1974 2 671 (NA) 2 186 (NA) 2 851 (NA) 8 125 (NA) 742 (NA) 541 (NA) 1 751 (NA) 1 492 (NA) 178 (NA) 152 (NA) 22 (NA) 22 (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) 22 (NA) 22 (NA) 915 (NA) 247 (NA) 52 (NA) 52 (NA) 78 (NA) 78 (NA) 117 (NA) 117 (NA) 668 (NA) (X) (X) 194 (NA) 92 (NA) 227 (NA) 177 (NA) 14 (NA) 14 (NA) 5 (NA) 5 (NA) 922 (NA) 254 iNA) 8 (NA) 8 (NA) f (NA) 7 (NA) 7 (NA) 7 (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) 678 (NA) 184 (NA) 220 (NA) 78 (NA) 39 (NA) 7 (NA) 206 (NA) 75 (NA) 206 (NA) 75 (NA) - (NA) - (NA) 731 (NA) 194 (NA) 708 (NA) 187 (NA) 23 (NA) 7 (NA) 48.6 (NA) 46.9 (NA) 867 (NA) 245 (NA) 70 (NA) 24 (NA) 749 (NA) 211 (NA) 718 (NA) 187 (NA) 432 (NA) 319 (NA) 1 028 (NA) 595 (NA) 417 (NA) 240 (NA) 123 (NA) 70 (NA) 100 (NA) 32 (NA) 211 (NA) 110 (NA) 152 (NA) 113 (NA) 332 (NA) 103 (NA) 92 (NA) 13 (NA) 275 (NA) 38 (NA) 5 (NA) (D) (NA) 13 (NA) 1 (NA) 357 (NA) 211 (NA) 285 (NA) 157 (NA) 181 (NA) 89 (NA) 44 (NA) 40 (NA) 6 508 (NA) 3 225 (NA) 6 945 (NA) 11 988 (NA) 682 (NA) 255 (NA) 886 (NA) 349 (NA) 714 (NA) 198 (NA) 1 052 (NA) 317 (NA) 6— MASSACHUSETTS 1978 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE— PRELIMINARY REPORT Table 2. Livestock and Poultry: 1978 and 1974 Cattle and calves inventory farms.. number.. Farms by size of inventory; 1 to 19 farms.. number.. 20 to 99 farms.. number.. 100 to 499 farms.. number.. 500 or more farms.. number.. Cows and heifers tfiat had calved farms.. number.. Beef cow/s farms.. number.. Milk cows farms.. number.. Heifers and heifer calves farms.. number.. Steers and bulls including calves farms.. number. Cattle and calves sold farms. number Cattle fattened on grain and concentrates farms, number.. Dairy products sold farms.. $1,000.. Hogs and pigs inventory farms.. number.. Farms by size of inventory: 1 to 99 farms.. number.. 100 to 499 farms. number.. 500 or more farms, number.. Hogs and pigs used or to be used for breeding farms. number.. Hogs and pigs sold farms.. number.. Feeder pigs sold farms . number,. Litters farrowed between- Dee. 1 of preceding year and Nov. 30 farms. number.. Dec. 1 of preceding year and May 31 farms. number June 1 and Nov 30 farms number.. Sheep and lambs inventory farms.. number.. Ewes 1 year old or older farms number. Sheep and lambs sold farms.. number . Sheep and lambs shorn farms number pounds of wool Horses and ponies inventory farms.. number.. Chickens 3 months old or older inventory farms. number Hens and pullets of laying age inventory farms number . Farms by size of inventory: 1 to 1,599 farms number 1.600 to 9, 999 farms number 10.000 or more farms number . Broilers sold farms.. number.. Turkeys sold farms.. number.. All farms Farms with sales of $2,500 or more 1978 1974 1978 1974 526 (NA) 132 (NA) 5 275 (NA) 3 000 (NA) 456 (NA) 69 (NA) 2 400 (NA) 272 (NA) 70 (NA) 63 (NA) 2 875 (NA) 2 728 (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) 459 (NA) 118 (NA) 3 299 (NA) 2 170 (NA) 401 (NA) 103 (NA) 2 856 (NA) 1 950 (NA) 200 (NA) 31 (NA) 443 (NA) 220 (NA) 282 (NA) 22 (NA) 854 (NA) 114 (NA) 212 (NA) 54 (NA) 1 122 (NA) 716 (NA) 258 (NA) 93 (NA) 2 078 (NA) 1 437 (NA) 29 (NA) 7 (NA) 158 (NA) 70 (NA) 31 (NA) 7 (NA) 235 (NA) 229 (NA) 279 (NA) 85 (NA) 5 020 (NA) 2 899 (NA) 263 (NA) 77 (NA) 2 468 (NA) 1 947 (NA) 16 (NA) 8 (NA) 2 552 (NA) 952 (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) 84 (NA) 62 (NA) 691 (NA) 517 (NA) 114 (NA) 77 (NA) 5 527 (NA) 4 784 (NA) 74 (NA) 46 (NA) 2 375 (NA) 2 074 (NA) 106 (NA) 69 (NA) 855 (NA) 652 (NA) 92 (NA) 62 (NA) 612 (NA) 416 (NA) 76 (NA) 69 (NA) 243 (NA) 236 (NA) 92 (NA) 8 (NA) 638 (NA) 72 (NA) 85 (NA) 8 (NA) 530 (NA) 40 (NA) 39 (NA) - (NA) 285 (NA) - (NA) 60 (NA) - (NA) 544 (NA) - (NA) 3 579 (NA) - (NA) 481 (NA) 133 (NA) 2 464 (NA) 613 (NA) 259 (NA) 31 (NA) 46 830 (NA) 36 411 (NA) 253 (NA) 31 (NA) 32 357 (NA) 24 411 (NA) 245 (NA) 23 (NA) 8 357 (NA) 411 (NA) 8 (NA) 8 (NA) 24 000 (NA) 24 000 (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) 8 (NA) 8 (NA) 600 (NA) 600 (NA) 8 (NA) 8 (NA) 160 (NA) 160 (NA) 1978 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE— PRELIMINARY REPORT MASSACHUSETTS— 7 Tables Crops Harvested: 1978 and 1974 Corn tor silage or green chop (green) farms,. acres, tons.. Irish potatoes farms.. acres., cwt.. Hay, all (dry) farms.. acres, tons.. Other tame dry hay (dry) farms.. acres., tons- Land in orchards farms.. acres.. Apples farms.. acres., lbs-. Vegetables, sweet corn or melons for sale farms., acres,. Sweet corn for sale farms., acres.. Cranberries for sale (100-lb barrels) farms. acres.. 100-lb All farms Farms with sales of $2,500 or more 1978 1974 1978 1974 53 (NA) 31 (NA) 874 (NA) 789 (NA) 12 022 (NA) 11 031 (NA) 36 (NA) - (NA) 26 (NA) - (NA) 984 (NA) - (NA) 556 (NA) 130 (NA) 14 176 (NA) 5 136 (NA) 18 231 (NA) 9 788 (NA) 436 (NA) 123 (NA) 12 345 (NA) 4 811 (NA) 15 745 (NA) 8 943 (NA) 84 (NA) 14 (NA) 440 (NA) 203 (NA) 53 (NA) 7 (NA) 355 (NA) 161 (NA) 932 875 (NA) 924 000 (NA) 122 (NA) 84 (NA) 399 (NA) 353 (NA) 87 (NA) 49 (NA) 198 (NA) 169 (NA) _ (NA) _ (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) - (NA) Appendix Effect of Definition Change for Selected Items: 1978 and 1974 All farms number.. Farms with sales less than $2,500 number.. Land in farms acres.. Total cropland acres.. Harvested cropland acres.. Value of agncultural products sold $1,000.. Crops SI ,000.. Livestock, poultry, and their products $1,000 . Cattle and calves inventory number,. Hogs and pigs inventory ....number Chickens 3 months old or older inventory number Definition used for 1974 and 1978 Definition used for 1959, 1964, and 1969 Operations excluded by current definition but not by 1959 definition 1978 1974 1978 1974 1978 1974 937 (NA) 2 910 (NA) 1 973 (NA) 668 (NA) 2 641 (NA) 1 973 (NA) 61 143 (NA) 120 176 (NA) 59 033 (NA) 34 296 (NA) 52 714 (NA) 18 418 (NA) 16 246 (NA) 23 402 (NA) 7 156 (NA) 2 671 (NA) 3 100 (NA) 429 (NA) 742 (NA) 912 (NA) 170 (NA) 1 929 (NA) 2 188 (NA) 258 (NA) 5 275 (NA) 6 599 (NA) 1 324 (NA) 5 020 (NA) 5 161 (NA) 141 (NA) 46 830 (NA) 54 843 (NA) 8 013 (NA) 8— MASSACHUSETTS 1978 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE— PRELIMINARY REPORT Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture 100 Cambridge Street Boston, MA 02202 yMossachusetts grown. ..and fresher! h GOVERNMENT DOCOMtHTS COLLECHON SEP 08 1981 Umveisity of Massachu^eUS Dep(B(tory Copy !3Se Massachusetts Agriculture 1981 Edward J. King, Governor John A. Bewick, Secretary of Environmental Affairs Frederic Winthrop, Jr., Commissioner of Food and Agriculture /ley X^&mm^n/u^ a£ev€^r^ c/allonUna ^uiiclifia, ^oveminenl ^enlett iOO ^amlrui^ ^ft^ef, SS&Uon 02202 Dear friends of Massachusetts agriculture: Nowhere do the economic trends of the day have any more impact than down on the farm. The costs of planting, growing, shipping and marketing our food supply are dramatically affected by the economy. In spite of tremendous odds, today's farmers are outproducing most every business in the United States. The result is a boon for consumers — the provision of an abundant and reasonably priced food supply. This year I have had the privilege of serving as President of the National Asso- ( ciation of State Departments of Agriculture. With the emergence of the "New Federalism", the role of the states in many of our governmental food and farm programs is growing in , significance, and I was pleased to help strengthen the partnerships between the various state agriculture departments and the federal agencies. Clearly, one of the main ! strengths of American agriculture is its tremendous diversity. It is essential that we enhance this diversity by promoting agriculture in every region of the country. i Here in the Northeast, it may be difficult to convince city folk that agriculture is the number one American industry, but it is a fact that agriculture provides more jobs than any other segment of the U.S. economy. i Massachusetts food production is taking on an increasingly important role in our food supply picture. With fuel and transportation costs on the rise, growing food for J nearby markets makes more sense each year. Preliminary statistics for vegetable produc- | tion in 1981 are promising. The sweet corn crop was four per cent larger than the I previous year. The tomato and cabbage crops showed similar increases in both acreage and yield per acre. Notwithstanding a reduction in federal price support levels, milk production has also increased, with production for the last quarter of 1981 showing a four per cent increase over the production of the same quarter a year earlier. And of course, cran- berries remain our number one success story with Massachusetts producing nearly one half of the nation's output. For many years, agriculture has been viewed as the forgotten industry in our i "industrial state", but times are changing. More and more suburban and city residents are realizing the irreplaceable value of our farmland and are supporting efforts to keep the land in production. i The Department continues to work hard to encourage a healthy agricultural indus- ry through enlightened regulation, energetic market promotion and farmland protection. You will find from reading this annual report what the Department is doing to meet these goals. For the statistical report in this publication, we are indebted to the staff of the New England Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, who compiled the charts and statistics under the direction of Charles Hammond and Rowland Scranton. Many thanks to all who have helped in this review of the agricultural industry in Massachusetts. Sincerely, ( Frederic Winthrop, Jr. Commissioner TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I— AGRICULTURE STATISTICS LIVESTOCK Hi ghl i ghts 1 Catti e 3 Hogs and Pigs 5 Sheep and Lambs 7 Bee and Honey 9 Mink 9 DAIRY I Highlights 10 Milk Production 11 Mil k Price 13 Manufactured Products 14 POULTRY Highl ights 15 Chickens 16 Eggs 18 Turkeys 19 11 CROPS I Highl ights 20 Corn 21 Hay 21 Potatoes 23 Tobacco 25 * FRUIT AND VEGETABLES Highlights , 26 Cranberries 27' Apples 28 Peaches 29 Sweet Corn. 29 Tomatoes 2o MISCELLANEOUS Maple Syrup ." 30 Floriculture 31 Fertilizer 34 Number Of Farms 34 Prices Paid and Received Index Numbers 35 Farm Production Expenses 36 Cash Recei pts 37 Consumption 39 Population 39 SECTION II— ANNUAL REPORT. STATE DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Board of Food and Agriculture and Staff Members 40 Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program 42 " Division of Agricultural Land Use 44 Division of Animal Health 45 Annual Report of the Counsel 48 Division of Dairying and Animal Husbandry 49 Division of Fairs, Thoroughbred and Standardbred Horse Programs 50 Di vi sion of Markets 54 Milk Control Commission 61 Pesticide Program 62 Plant Pest Control Division, Apiary Inspection 64 State Reclamation Board 67 Cover: View of the fertile Connecticut River Valley, Sunderland, Massachusetts. Photo courtesy of Pioneer Valley Association. Inside Cover Photos: (counterclockwise) At Essex Agricultural and Technical Institute in Hathorne, Governor Edward J. King visits with students and Director Raymond F. Potter. Governor King signs Executive Order to protect state-owned agricultural land; among those attending 1981 Agriculture Day ceremonies are (1. to r.) State Representative Theodore C. Speliotis of Danvers, State Representative F. John Monahan of Beverly, Secretary of Environmental Affairs John A. Bewick and Food and Agriculture Coranissioner Frederic Winthrop, Jr. Panelists at 1981 Agriculture Day produce and floral wholesaling seminar are (1. to r. ) Telemachus Demoulas, President of Demoul as/Market Basket Stores; Angelo Eliopoulos, Demoulas produce buyer; James Segal, Purity Supreme; Robert Zoino, Shaws Supermarkets; Raymond Marcoux, Stop & Shop; George Semanie, Food Marts; Alan Huberman, M. Huberman & Son, flowers; vegetable growers John Bauer of Deerfield, Garabed Dargoonlan of Andover and Angelo Arena of Concord;Clive Olson, Olson's Greenhouses Bob Downing of Harmony Farm in North Reading sells at a Boston Farmers Market. Rows of tall and sturdy tomato plants are checked by Albert Volante at his Needham farm. Cows, cranberries and apples are also growing abundantly in Massachusetts. MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FREDERIC WINTHROP, JR., CO^WISSIONER 100 CAMBRIDGE STREET BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02202 (617) 727-3000 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE JOHN R. BLOCK, SECRETARY STATISTICAL REPORTING SERVICE WILLIAM E. KIBLER, ADMINISTRATOR COMPILED BY: NEW ENGLAND CROP AND LIVESTOCK REPORTING SERVICE 6 LOUDON ROAD CONCORD. NEW HAMPSHIRE 03301 (603) 224-9639 CHARLES W. HAMMOND, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICIAN IN CHARGE ROWLAND R. SCRANTON, ASSISTANT STATISTICIAN IN CHARGE , BEVERLY A. LACROIX, ADMINISTRATIVE STATISTICIANS SUPPORT STAFF RICHARD BLOOD LYNNE ARSENAULT JOHN KETCHAM MARY BOURGEOIS THOMAS MARR JOSEPHINE EYSSI DAVID MUELLER CAROLYN HANSON STEVE WILLIAMS ELIZABETH HARROLD LAWRENCE KELLY JOAN PARKER SUPERVISORY FIELD ENUMERATORS LEAH ROCHA HELEN BARDWELL, HATFIELD JOYCE SUPRY JEAN GIBBS, CARVER ADRIENNE ZAPPIA LIVESTOCK HIGHLIGHTS CAHLE AND CALVES Cattle and calves on Massachusetts fanns totaled 103,000 head on January 1, 1981, down 1 percent from the total inventot7 on January 1, 1980. Although the numbers are 7 percent below the inventory of January 1, 1970, it remains 4 percent above the number on hand at the beginning of 1978, the lowest number in the past decade. Dairying is the primary livestock industry in the state with milk cows comprising 43 percent of the total inventory while calves under 500 pounds make up 23 percent. Beef cows that calved on January 1, 1981 at 10,000 head were unchanged from January 1, 1980, but beef replacement heifers, 500 pounds and over at 4,000 head, were up 1,000 head from January 1, 1980. Steers 500 pounds and over at 4,000 head, were up 1,000 head from the same period the previous year. The value of the cattle and calve inventory climbed close to $81 million, almost $10 million more than the previous year. This is attributed to the continued rise of the value per head to a record high level of $785. The 1980 calf crop in the Conwnonwealth totaled 45,000 calves, 2,000 less than during 1979 and the lowest number in the past decade. The number of calves born have been declining steadily since 1972 when 60,000 head were born. Cash receipts from marketings of cattle and calves in 1980 totaled $10.3 million, 19 percent below 1979, but 50 percent above 1970. There were 17.9 million pounds marketed in 1980, compared with 21.8 million in 1979 and 31.5 million in 1970. Although the average price per hundredweight was lower in 1980 than in 1979, it was more than double the average price in 1970. HOGS AND PIGS The inventory of hogs and pigs on farms totaled 49,000 head on December 1, 1980, down 18 percent from December 1, 1979 and the smallest of record. The inventory included 14 percent breeding animals and 86 percent of animals intended for market. The value of the December 1, 1980 inventory totaled $3.7 million, up 10 percent from December 1, 1979, but down 20 percent from December 1, 1978. The averaae value Per head was $74.50 on December 1, 1980, up from the $55.50 on January 1, 1979 and the $76.50 on January 1, 1978. The 1980 pig crop at 65,000 head was down 20 percent from the 81,000 pigs in 1979. Sows' farrowing for the year at 10,000 head, were down 2,500 from the 12,500 sows that farrowed in 1979. The litter size in 1980 averaged 6.5, unchanged from 1979. The spring (December-May) pig crop for 1980 totaled 30,000, 1 down 23 percent from the 1979 spring crop. The 4,000 sows farrowed produced an average 7.4 pigs per litter. The 1980 fall (June-November) pig crop totaled 35,000 pigs, down 17 percent from a year ago. There were 6,000 sows farrowed averaging 5.8 pigs per litter. Hog production totaled 16.4 million pounds during 1980, down 12 percent from 1979 and the second lowest yearly production of record. The hog production in 1977 was 15.8 million pounds. The gross income from hog production in 1980 was $6.5 million, down 20 percent from 1979. Farmers marketed 16.2 million pounds of hogs in 1980, down 9 percent from 1979 and the second lowest marketings of record. The farmers marketed 14.1 million pounds of hogs in 1977. Cash receipts from marketings totaled $6.0 million, down 24 percent from 1979 and except for 1977, the lowest since 1972. The decrease in cash receipts from 1979 was due to both a decrease in marketings and a lower price per pound. Farmers received $37.00 per cwt. of hogs in 1979, down $7.00 from the $44.00 received in 1979 and the lowest price since 1977. SHEEP AND LAMBS Sheep and lambs in Massachusetts on January 1, 1981 totaled 7,200 head, 1 percent above January 1, 1980 and the largest since 1976. Inventory value of the January 1, 1981 flock at $634,000 was up 14 percent from January 1, 1980 due to increases in both inventory numbers and value per head. The January 1, 1981 value per head was $88.00, up from the $78.50 value per head on January 1, 1980 and the highest on record. The lamb crop in 1980 totaled 5,600, up 10 percent from the lamb crop in 1979. There were 428,000 pounds of lamb and mutton produced during 1980, up 12 percent from the 1979 production of 382,000 pounds. Gross income from the 1980 sheep and lamb production was $268,000, up from the 1979 gross income of $245,000, but down from the 1978 gross income of $282,000. Sheep and lamb marketings in 1980 totaled 300,000 pounds, up from the 246,000 pounds marketed in 1979, but down from the 329,000 pounds marketed in 1978. The cash receipts from marketings was $179,000, up from $163,000 in 1979, but down from $215,000 in 1978. The 1980 market prices for sheep rose $3.00 to $42.00 per hundred pounds from the 1979 market prices, but the 1980 market price for lambs decreased $8.00 to $77.00 per hundred pounds from the 1979 market price. MOOL Wool production at 47,000 pounds in 1980 was up 2,000 pounds from the 1979 production and the largest production since 1974. Sheep shorn in 1980 totaled 6,800 head, up 200 from the 1979 total and the largest number shorn since 1976. Weight per fleece averaged 6.9 pounds, up from the 6.8 pounds per fleece in 1979. The value of the wool production in 1980 was $41,000, up from the $38,000 in 1979 and the largest since 1966 value of production of $43,000. Farmers received 88t per pound of wool in 1980, up H per pound from 1979 and the highest price on record. 2 MASSACHUSETTS CATTLE INVENTORY, NUMBER AND VALUE NUMBER THOUSAND MILLION DOLLARS 70 YEAR 70 CATTLE: NUMBER AND VALUE OF ALL CATTLE AND CALVES ON FARMS JANUARY 1, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR NUMBER VALUE PER HEAD TOTAL 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1 ,000 HEAD 111 110 111 105 107 107 104 99 102 104 DOLLARS 270.00 290.00 335.00 420.00 315.00 345.00 380.00 415.00 560.00 685.00 1 ,000 DOLLARS 29,970 31 ,900 37,185 44,100 33,705 36,915 39,520 41 ,085 57,120 71 ,240 1981 103 785.00 80,855 CATTLE: JANUARY 1, INVENTORY BY CLASSES, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR ALL CAHLE AND CALVES COWS & HEIFERS THAT HAVE CALVED HEIFERS 500 LBS. AND OVER STEERS 500 LBS.+ BULLS 500 LBS.+ STEERS, HEIFERS BEEF MILK BEEF COW REPLACEMENTS MILK COW REPLACEMENTS OTHER & BULLS -500 LBS. 1971 111 7 60 1972 110 8 58 1973 111 8 57 1974 105 8 54 1975 107 9 54 1976 107 9 55 1977 104 9 53 1978 99 8 51 1979 102 10 49 1980 104 10 45 1,000 HEAD 2 15 2 15 2 16 2 15 2 17 2 17 2 17 2 16 3 16 3 16 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 21 21 22 20 19 18 18 17 19 24 1981 103 10 44 14 24 MASSACHUSETTS CATTLE INVENTORY NUMBERS Number Thousands 120 _ 20 _ Number Thousands J20 JOO 40_. , . , vVNn\\\\ x\ ^_ ,,.., v\ \ ^ \ . \ \ HEIFERS OVER 500 LBS'' ^ ^ "^ "^ \ ^ \ - '- ^^ •£uLl -jand; stffr.^-(1vfr: ^OQ" ,LP$ •■' .... I .ryyy }•/ / y CALVES under 500 LBS ///// // 80 60 40 20 YEAR 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 CATTLE AND CALVES: INVENTORY, SUPPLY, AND DISPOSITION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR ON HAND JAN. 1 ALL CATTLE CALF CROP INSHIPMENTS MARKETINGS V CATTLE CALVES FARM SLAUGHTER CATTLE & CALVES DEATHS CATTLE CALVES 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 in 111 110 111 105 107 107 104 99 102 104 60 60 60 57 55 56 55 52 50 47 45 1 .000 HEAD 13 28 12 29 11 29 10 33 8 27 7 32 7 34 7 35 5 23 1 19 15 38 37 33 30 26 22 22 20 19 18 21 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1/ Excludes interfarm sales. CATTLE AND CALVES: PRODUCTION AND INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR PRODUCTION MARKETINGS PRICE PER 100 LBS. CATTLE CALVES 4 4 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 CASH VALUE OF HOME CONSUMPTION GROSS ECEIPTS INCOME 1 ,000 DOLLARS 6,852 340 7,192 • 7,080 363 7,443 8,025 416 8,441 13,717 576 14,293 9,043 473 9,516 8,606 488 9,094 10,512 599 11.071 10,915 676 11.591 11,405 1,441 12,846 12,728 1,520 14.248 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1,000 POUNDS 22,430 31 ,456 23,175 32,495 24,660 32,020 28,875 40,115 30,405 32,845 35,060 37,820 33,620 40,230 33,240 40,790 27,080 26,560 21 ,340 21 ,754 DOLLARS 20.80 21.10 24.20 33.50 27.50 22.70 26.00 26.20 41.90 57.00 30.50 28.00 34.00 44.00 28.00 23.80 28.50 38.20 57.00 76.00 1980 18,890 17,890 55.00 71.00 10,299 1,656 11.955 HOGS: PRODUCTION AND INCOME, MASSACHUSEHS, 1970-1980 YEAR PRODUCTION MARKETING PRICE PER 100 POUNDS CASH RECEIPTS VALUE OF HOME CONSUMPTION GROSS INCOME 1,000 POUNDS DOLLARS 1 ,000 DOLLARS 1970 19,139 19,998 18.50 3,540 81 3,781 1971 19,746 19,556 17.50 3,422 77 3,499 1972 19,191 19,835 25.00 4,959 110 5,069 1973 18,862 18,068 37.00 6,685 171 6,856 1974 18,764 19,910 33.00 6.570 254 6,824 1975 19,100 18,260 45.00 8.217 347 8,564 1976 17,891 17,378 45.00 7,820 354 8,174 1977 15,832 14,063 37.00 5,203 291 5,494 1978 17,211 16,640 45.00 7.488 304 7,792 1979 18,640 17,820 44.00 7.841 297 8,138 1980 16.412 16.185 37.00 5.988 500 6,488 HOGS: INVENTORY NUMBERS, PIG CROP AND DISPOSITION, MASSACHUSEHS , 1970-1980 YEAR ON HAND DEC. 1 PREV. YEAR PIG CROP DEC. -MAY JUNE-NOV. MARKETINGS 1/ FARM SLAUGHTER DEATHS 1 .000 HEAD 1 ,000 HEAD 1970 83 46 47 90 12 1971 73 51 47 88 9 1972 73 44 43 89 7 1973 63 42 43 80 7 1974 60 42 41 82 6 1975 51 43 39 78 4 1976 50 45 37 75 6 1977 50 35 43 61 6 1978 60 36 41 71 5 1979 60 39 42 76 4 1980 60 30 35 71 2 3 PIG CROP: SOWS FARROWED AND PIGS SAVED, MASSACHUSETTS. 1970-1980 SPRING FARROWINGS FALL FARROWINGS YEAR SOWS PIGS PER PIGS SAVED SOWS PIGS PER PIGS SAVED (1.000 HEAD) LITTER PER 1.000 (1,000 HEAD) LIHER PER 1,000 1970 7.4 6.2 46 7.8 6.0 47 1971 7.6 6.7 51 7.4 6.3 47 1972 7.0 6.3 44 7.0 6.2 43 1973 7.0 6.0 42 7.1 6.0 43 1974 7.0 6.0 42 6.8 6.0 41 1975 7.0 6.2 43 6.8 5.7 39 1976 6.6 6.8 45 5.7 6.5 37 1977 5.0 6.9 35 6.5 6.6 43 1978 5.0 7.2 36 6.0 6.8 41 1979 6.0 6.5 39 6.5 6.5 42 1980 4.0 7.4 30 6.0 5.8 35 ■^^MM^aiMMik^MMteba '^tAAiiaMi^ittAia^^^ Number (1,000 Head) 100 80 60 4D MASSACHUSETTS HOGS INVENTORY NUMBER AND VALUE YEAR 1970 A Number- s-Vail e V Value (1,000 Dollars) J ll.QOO 4,000 3,000 2,000 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 HOGS: NUMBER AND VALUE OF HOGS ON FARMS DECEMBER 1, MASSACHUSETTS 1970-1980 YEAR NUMBER BREEDING MARKET TOTAL VALUE PER HEAD TOTAL 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1 ,000 HEAD n 62 73 9 64 73 9 54 63 10 50 60 8 43 51 8 42 50 7 43 50 8 52 60 8 52 60 9 51 60 OLLARS 1 ,000 DOLLARS 28.50 2,081 32.00 2,336 37.50 2,363 62.50 3,750 48.00 2,448 64.50 3,225 50.50 2,525 59.50 3,570 76.50 4,590 55.50 3,330 1980 42 49 74.50 3,651 SHEEP AND LAMBS: NUMBER AND VALUE ON FARMS, JANUARY 1. MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR NUMBER VALUE PER f ^EAD TOTAL 1 ,000 HEAD DOLLARS 1 ,000 DOLLARS 1971 8.2 20 00 164 1972 7.8 20 00 156 1973 7.5 28 00 210 1974 6.9 40 00 276 1975 7.0 46 50 326 1976 7.2 46 00 331 1977 6.7 48 00 322 1978 6.8 53 50 364 1979 6.7 63 00 422 1980 7.1 78 50 557 1981 7.2 88 00 634 7,000 - 6,000 _ SHEEP & LAMBS: NUMBER AND VALUE JANUARY 1, MASSACHUSETTS Total Value (1,000 Dollars) -1700 - 500 - 300 YEAR 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 _ 100 1982 SHEEP AND LAMBS: INVENTORY NUMBER BY CLASS, JANUARY 1, MASSACHUSETTS. 1971-1981 YEAR ALL SHEEP AND LA^es LAMBS ALL LAMBS EWES WETHERS AND RAMS ONE YEAR AND OVER EWES WETHERS AND RAMS 1 ,000 HEAD 1971 8.2 1.7 1.4 .3 5.9 .6 1972 7.8 1.4 1.0 .4 5.8 .6 1973 7.5 1.4 1.0 .4 5.5 .6 1974 6.9 1.4 1.0 .4 5.0 .5 1975 7.0 1.4 1.1 .4 5.1 .4 1976 7.2 1.5 1.1 .4 5.3 .4 1977 6.7 1.4 1.0 .4 4.9 .4 1978 6.8 1.6 1.1 .5 4.7 .5 1979 6.7 1.3 1.0 .3 4.9 .5 1980 7.1 1.6 1.2 .4 5.0 .5 1981 7.2 1.6 1.2 .4 5.1 .5 SHEEP AND LAWS: INVENTORY NUMBERS. LArC CROP AND DISPOSITION, MASSACHUSETTS 1970-1980 YEAR 1980 ON HAND JAN. 1 ALL SHEEP AND LAbBS 1970 8.6 1971 8.2 1972 7.8 1973 7.5 1974 6.9 1975 7.0 1976 7.2 1977 6.7 1978 6.8 1979 6.7 7.1 LAMB CROP 6.2 6.2 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.1 5.6 MARKETING SHEEP LAMBS 1,000 HEAD FARM SLAUGHTER SHEEP AND LAMBS 1.2 2.7 DEATHS SHEEP AND LAMBS 1.6 3.2 .1 1.3 1.5 2.8 .3 1.1 1.3 2.9 .2 1.1 1.4 2.7 .4 1.1 .5 2.4 .2 1.1 .9 2.9 .4 1.1 1.5 3.3 .3 1.0 .8 3.4 .4 1.0 1.0 2.9 .5 1.0 .8 2.5 .5 • 9 1.0 SHEEP AND LAMBS: PRODUCTION AND INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR PRODUCTION "TTTOT MARKETINGS mmr PRICE PER 100 LBS. SHEEP LAMBS CASH RECEIPTS VALUE OF HOME CONSUMPTION GROSS INCOME 1980 428 300 DOLLARS 42.00 77.00 1,000 DOLLARS 1970 391 454 8.40 26.00 80 3 89 1971 440 443 10.00 25.50 91 9 100 1972 382 397 12.00 32.50 98 7 105 1973 366 395 14.00 41.00 112 21 133 1974 349 318 17.00 37.00 91 10 101 1975 372 296 26.00 68.00 158 35 193 1976 382 393 28.00 72.00 209 35 244 1977 431 357 29.00 72.00 198 46 244 1978 406 329 38.00 84.00 215 67 282 1979 382 246 39.00 85.00 163 82 245 179 89 268 WOOL: FARM PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR SHEEP WEIGHT PER SHORN WOOL PRICE PER VALUE SHORN FLEECE PRODUCTION POUND 1 ,000 HEAD POUNDS 1,000 POUNDS CENTS 1 ,000 DOLLARS 1970 7.9 7.2 57 41 23 1971 7.7 6.9 53 31 16 1972 7.2 7.2 52 34 18 1973 6.9 7.2 50 71 36 1974 6.6 7.4 49 62 30 1975 6.4 7.2 46 31 14 1976 6.7 6.9 46 60 28 1977 6.2 7.1 44 78 34 1978 6.3 6.8 43 74 32 1979 6.6 6.8 45 84 38 1980 6.8 6.9 47 88 41 MISCELLANEOUS LIVESTOCK BEES AND HONEY Apiarists in Massachusetts kept 12,000 bee colonies in 1980, unchanged since 1974. There were 288,000 pounds of honey produced in 1980, down 27 percent from 1979 and 31 percent lower than 1978. The decreased production was mostly due to bad weather for bees making honey. Yield per colony in 1980 was 24 pounds compared to 33 pounds in 1979 and 35 pounds in 1980. The 1980 value of production of honey was $294,000, down from the $329,000 in 1979 and $433,000 in 1978. BEES, HONEY AND BEESWAX: COLONIES OF BEES, PRODUCTION, PRICE PER POUND AND VALUE OF PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSEHS, 1971-1980 YEAR COLONIES OF BEES HONEY Yield Per Colony Production Price Per Pound Value Of Production BEESWAX Production Price Per Pound Value Of Production 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds Cents 1,000 Dollars 1 ,000 Pounds Cents 1,000 Dollars 1971 9 25 225 42.2 95 5 80 4 1972 9 19 171 50.0 86 3 75 2 1973 9 26 234 66.8 156 4 90 4 1974 12 16 192 81.2 156 4 no 4 1975 12 27 324 96.9 314 8 110 9 1976 12 19 228 101.0 230 4 110 4 1977 12 22 264 103.0 272 5 150 8 1978 12 35 420 103.0 433 6 160 10 1979 12 33 396 83.1 329 6 160 10 1980 12 24 288 102.0 294 6 185 11 MINK Mink pelt production in Massachusetts in 1980 totaled 17,400 pelts, 600 fewer than the total produced in 1979. Of the pelts produced in 1980, 36 percent were pastel, 30 percent were demibuff and 13 percent were pearl. Mink females bred to produce kits in 1981 totaled 3,900, only 75 percent of the bred females for the 1980 crop. TOTAL MINK: PRODUCTION, RANCHES AND FEMALES BRED TO PRODUCE KITS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1978-1981 COLOR CLASS PELTS PRODUCED RANCHES FEMALES BRED TO PRODUCE KITS 1978 1979 1980 1978 1979 1980 1978 1979 1980 1981 Demibuff 5,400 4,900 5,200 Pastel 6,500 5,400 6,300 Pearl 1/ 2,500 2,300 Standard 1,500 1,600 1,200 Others 6,600 3,600 2,400 20,000 18,000 17,400 16 N.A. 12 14 1/ 1/ 1,500 1,000 3,200 2,600 1,500 1,000 1/ 800 730 700 1/ 690 700 660 2,500 1,310 970 540 5,700 5,400 5,200 3,900 y Included in Others to avoid disclosing individual operations. DAIRY HIGHLIGHTS MILK PRODUCTION Milk production in Massachusetts during 1980 totaled 565 million pounds, slightly lower than the previous year's production of 566 million pounds. Production per cow at 12,283 pounds continued an upward trend that started in 1974 and has set new records each of the last two years. MILK DISPOSITION AND BLEND PRICE Dairymen in Massachusetts marketed a total- of 556 million pounds of milk during 1980, equaling the 1979 total. Of the total amount marketed, 14.4 million quarts were retailed directly to consumers by farmers. Milk used on farms totaled 9.0 million pounds, of which 4.0 million pounds were for food and drink, unchanged from 1979 and 5.0 million pounds were fed to calves, 1 million pounds below the 1979 level. The annual wholesale milk blend price averaged $13.70 per hundredweight for 1980, 90^ higher than in 1979. The blend price during the year had a low of $12.80 per hundredweight in June and a high of $14.80 in November. The total value of milk produced in 1980 was $80.6 million, up $5.4 million from the 1979 total. MANUFACTURED DAIRY PRODUCTS A total of 5.1 million pounds of cheese was produced in Massachusetts during 1980, down 18 percent from the 1979 production of 6.3 million pounds. Ice cream production totaled 44 million gallons, almost 4 percent more than the 1979 production. There was 9.8 million gallons produced in 1980, down 6 percent from the previous year. Milk sherbet production totaled 2 million gallons, 163,000 gallons more than in 1979. 10 MASSACHUSETTS MILK COWS ON FARMS, BY QUARTERS, 1971-1980 MONTH 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Thou sands of Head MAR 31 60 58 56 54 55 55 52 50 49 46 JUN 30 59 57 55 54 54 54 51 48 48 46 SEP 30 58 57 54 54 54 53 51 47 47 46 DEC 31 58 57 54 54 55 53 51 46 46 45 ANNUAL 59 57 55 54 55 54 51 49 48 46 MASSACHUSEHS MILK PRODUCTION PER COW, BY QUARTERS, 1971-1980 MONTH 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Pounds JAN - MAR 2,700 2,793 2.714 2,704 2.725 2,735 2,850 2,900 2,920 3.109 APR - JUN 2.949 2.965 2.880 2i891 2,960 2,950 3,060 3,110 3,090 3,220 JUL - SEP OCT - DEC 2,810 2,649 2.612 2,673 2,720 2,760 2,890 2,920 2,940 3,000 2,694 2,628 2.612 2,713 2,620 2.700 2.870 2.820 2.980 3,020 ANNUAL 11,153 11,035 10,818 10,981 10,927 11,074 11,706 11,673 11,792 12.283 MASSACHUSETTS MILK PRODUCTION, BY QUARTERS. 1971-1980 MONTH 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Mill ion Pounds MAR 162 162 152 146 150 150 148 145 143 143 JUN 174 169 161 159 160 159 156 149 148 148 SEP 163 151 141 147 147 146 147 140 138 138 DEC 159 147 141 141 144 143 146 138 137 136 ANNUAL 658 629 595 593 601 598 597 572 566 565 11 MILK: FARM PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS SOLD, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 NUMBER OF MILK COWS ON FARMS 1/ PRODUCTION 2/ FARM VALUE YEAR PER MILK COW PERCENTAGE OF FAT IN ALL MILK PRODUCED TOTAL OF MILK PRODUCED MILK MILKFAT MILK MILKFAT 3/ Thousands Pounds Percent Million Pounds 1 ,000 Dollars 1970 60 10,967 408 3.72 658 24 48,758 1971 59 11,153 414 3.71 658 24 49,218 1972 57 11,035 409 3.71 629 23 48.370 1973 55 10,818 395 3.65 595 22 51 ,646 1974 54 10,981 402 3.66 593 22 59,241 1975 55 10.927 404 3.63 601 22 61,122 1976 54 11,074 405 3.66 598 22 67,215 1977 51 11,706 431 3.68 597 22 67,103 1978 49 11,673 437 3.67 572 21 68.406 1979 48 11,792 429 3.64 566 21 75.165 1980 46 12,283 443 3.61 565 20 80,569 ly Average number on farms during year, excluding heifers not yet fresh. 2J Excludes milk sucked by calves. Zl Valued at average returns per 100 pounds of milk in combined marketings of milk and cream, includes value of milk fed to calves. TREND IN MILK COWS, PRODUCTION AND FAT TEST, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971 - 1980 % of 1970 % of 1970 115 - 110 - / Milk Per Cow T 105 100 95 90 - 85 - 80 - - 115 - 110 - 105 - 100 - 95 Milk Production - 90 - 85 - 80 1970 "~1 — 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 12 MILK: QUANTITY MARKETED, PRICE AND CASH RECEIPTS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 SOLD TO PLANTS QUANTITY PRICE PER CWT. CASH RECEIPTS SOLD DIRECTLY TO CONSUMERS QUANTITY PRICE PER QUART CASH RECEIPTS COMBINED MARKETINGS QUANTITY PRICE PER Cl^r^. CASH RECEIPTS Million Pounds 595 600 580 550 550 555 550 550 530 525 Dollars 6.82 6.96 7.23 . 8.22 9.50 9.65 10.70 10.70 11.50 12.80 1,000 Dollars 40,579 41,760 41 ,934 45,210 52,250 53,558 58,850 58,850 60,950 67,200 Million Quarts 23.3 20.9 17.2 15.3 14.4 15.8 16.7 16.7 14.9 14.4 Cents 31.0 31.0 32.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 42.0 42.0 43.0 46.0 1,000 Dollars 7,209 6,488 5,507 5,372 5,768 6,326 7,032 7,032 6,400 6,633 Million Pounds 645 645 617 583 581 589 586 586 562 556 Dollars 7.41 7.48 7.69 8.68 9.99 10.17 11.24 11.24 11.98 13.28 1,000 Dollars 47,788 48,248 47,441 50,582 58,018 59,884 65,882 65,882 67,350 73,833 1980 525 13.70 71,925 14.4 51.0 7,354 556 14.26 79,279 MILK: QUANTITIES USED AND MARKETED BY FARMERS, MASSACHUSETTS. 1970-1980 YEAR TOTAL PRODUCED MILK USED ON FARMS WHERE PRODUCED MILK MARKETED BY FARMERS USED FOR MILK, CREAM AND BUTTER FED TO CALVES TOTAL SOLD TO PLANTS AND DEALERS SOLD DIRECTLY TO CONSUMERS TOTAL Million Pounds 1970 658 8 5 13 595 1971 658 8 5 13 600 1972 629 5 12 580 1973 595 5 12 550 1974 593 5 12 550 1975 601 5 12 555 1976 598 5 12 550 1977 597 5 11 550 1978 572 5 9 530 1979 566 6 10 525 50 645 45 645 37 617 33 583 31 581 34 589 36 586 36 586 32 562 31 556 1980 565 4 5 9 525 31 556 MILK: SOLD TO PLANTS, MONTHLY AND ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICE PER 100 POUNDS RECEIVED BY FARMERS, MASSACHUSEHS, 1970-1980 YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL AVERAGE Dollars 1970 6.95 6.85 6.65 6.50 6.30 6.20 6.65 6.90 7.15 7.35 7.30 7.20 6.82 1971 7.05 7.00 6.90 6.65 6.45 6.30 6.70 7.00 7.30 7.40 7.45 7.25 6.94 1972 7.20 7.25 7.00 6.75 6.65 6.50 6.95 7.45 7.75 7.95 7.95 7.65 7.24 1973 7.70 7.75 7.55 7.30 7.15 7.20 7.75 8.55 9.25 9.55 9.80 9.70 8.22 1974 9.80 9.90 9.85 9.80 9.25 8.50 8.90 9.40 9.70 9.80 10.00 9.45 9.50 1975 9.05 9.00 8.75 8.60 8.35 8.35 9.00 9.60 10.30 10.80 11.10 11.20 9.45 1976 11.10 10.80 10.70 10.00 9.90 9.75 10.40 11.00 11.30 11.50 11.20 11.70 10.70 1977 10.60 10.50 10.20 10.20 9.90 10.00 10.50 10.90 11.20 11.40 11.40 11.20 10.65 1978 11.10 11.20 11.00 10.70 10.70 10.60 11.00 11.60 12.10 12.70 12.90 12.70 11.50 1979 12.70 12.80 12.50 12.20 12.00 12.00 12.50 13.10 13.40 13.80 13.90 13.40 12.80 1980 13.60 13.40 13.30 13.00 13.00 12.80 13.30 13.70 14.20 14.70 14.80 14.70 13.70 13 MANUFACTURED DAIRY: PRODUCTION MAJOR PRODUCTS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR TOTAL CHEESE 1/ ICE CREAM ICE MILK 2/ MILK SHERBET 2/ 1 ,000 Pounds 1,000 Gallons 1970 6.430 40,944 7,822 2,645 1971 7,268 40,455 7,514 2.556 1972 6,416 41,025 8,802 2.393 1973 5,976 42,302 7,742 2.330 1974 5,412 43,607 9,611 2.186 1975 5,288 47,761 9,177 1.985 1976 6,123 46,320 7.246 2.116 1977 5,786 45,255 7,483 2.180 1978 7,780 42,909 9,779 2,102 1979 6,255 42,463 10,454 1,829 1980 5,099 43,986 9,817 1.992 1/ Excluding cottage cheese. 2/ Includes hard and soft-serve and freezer-made milk shake. PRODUCTION TRENDS FOR CHEESE. ICE CREAM, ICE MILK AND MILK SHERBET. MASSACHUSEHS. 1970-1980 % of 1970 150 - 140 - 130 - 120 - 110 - 100 90 80 70 - 60 - -^^e<: MILK SHERBET 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 14 % of 1970 - 150 - 140 - 130 - 120 - no - 100 - 90 - 80 - 70 - 60 POULTRY HIGHLIGHTS CHICKENS The December 1, 1980 inventory of chickens on fanns (excluding broilers) in Massachusetts totaled 1.8 million birds, a 4 percent rise over a year ago, and 13 percent above the inventory on December 1, 1978. The inventory revealed that the number of hens of laying age on December 1, 1980 increased 4 percent, while the number of pullets of laying age jumped 7 percent over 1979 levels. Total value of all chickens on hand in the state on December 1, also rose from a year ago, reaching $4.1 million. The increase was partially a result of a larger 1980 inventory and as a result of an increase in the per head value of the birds. Poultrymen marketed 3.9 million pounds of poultry during 1980 at 8.3 cents per pound compared to 5.0 million pounds at 13.2 cents per pound the previous year. EGGS Massachusetts egg production was 326 million In 1980, down 4 percent from the previous year and also the lowest amount in 10 years. The decline in egg production parallels the general decline in layer numbers over the past decade. The annual average number of hens and pullets of laying age on hand in 1980 was reduced to 1.3 million, 3 percent below 1979. Gross income to egg producers was $20.2 million, 'down 3 percent from the previous year. I TURKEYS Massachusetts farmers raised 126,000 turkeys during 1980, down from 140,000 the year before. With the 1980 price per pound reaching 78.0 cents. The value of production increased to $1.9 million. The 1980 price per pound was 13.0 cents above the 1979 price per pound. 15 CHICKENS: NUMBER, VALUE, AND CLASSES OF CHICKENS ON FARMS DECEMBER 1, MASSACHUSETTS 1970-1980 YEAR ALL CHICKENS VALUE PER HEAD TOTAL HENS AND PULLETS OF LAYING AGE HENS PULLETS OTHER CHICKENS 1 ,000 HEAD DOLLARS 1 ,000 DOLLARS 1 ,000 HEAD 1970 2,852 1.90 5,419 884 1,415 553 1971 2,769 1.85 5,171 886 1,313 570 1972 2,279 1.40 4,280 729 1,069 481 1973 2,240 2.00 4,480 896 807 537 1974 2,237 2.10 4,698 772 939 526 1975 2,091 2.35 4,914 725 786 580 1976 1,870 2.40 4,488 593 782 495 1977 1,990 2.05 4,080 465 1,005 520 1978 1,580 2.05 3,239 550 620 410 1979 1,726 2.15 3,711 617 755 354 1980 1,790 2.30 4,117 644 811 335 CHICKENS: PRODUCTION, DISPOSITION, CASH RECEIPTS AND GROSS INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-19801/ YEAR NUMBER OF BIRDS PRODUCED CONSUMED SOLD II 3/ LIVEWEIGHT PRODUCED CONSUMED SOLD 2/ . 3/ .. PRICE PER LB. CASH RECEIPTS VALUE OF CHICKENS CONSUMED GROSS INCOME 1,000 1,000 POUNDS CENTS 1 .000 DOLLARS 1970 1,352 18 1,520 8.102 85 8.816 9.6 846 8 854 1971 1,628 13 1,672 8,869 61 9.196 8.5 782 5 787 1972 1,902 12 1,628 10,089 55 8,791 9.5 835 5 840 1973 1,730 12 1,830 8,944 55 9.699 15.4 1.494 8 1.502 1974 1,870 12 1,697 10,831 55 10.012 10.3 1.031 6 1.037 1975 1,411 11 1,806 7,375 51 9,572 10.3 986 5 991 1976 1,676 11 1,746 8,639 51 9,063 13.3 1.277 7 1.284 1977 1,630 11 1,499 9.120 51 8,245 11.3 932 6 938 1978 1,510 11 1,909 8,484 51 10,500 12.3 1.292 6 1,298 1979 1,057 11 900 5,835 51 4,950 13.2 653 7 660 1980 793 11 718 4,332 51 3.949 8.3 328 4 332 \l Does not include commercial broilers. 2/ Production is the number (or pounds) available for utilization during the year, i.e., sales plus home consumption, plus or minus change in inventory. 2/ Consumed in farm households on farms where produced. 16 MASSACHUSETTS CHICKENS: CLASSES OF CHICKENS ON FARMS NUMBER MILLIONS NUMBER BULLIONS 1.0, •5. 0 1 ^ \ \ \ \ » ^ , » \ . • t PULLETS OF LAYING AGE* » \ ^ ^ , ' ' ' * ^ \ \ \ ^ > \ ' , • M 1 70 OTHER/CHICKENS 72 74 76 78 80 MASSACHUSETTS CHICKEN INVENTORY: NUMBER AND VALUE NUMBER MILLIONS MILLION DOLLARS £.0 -4.5 17 EGGS, NUMBER OF HENS AND PULLETS OF LAYING AGE, RATE OF LAY AND PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS. 1970-1980 HENS & PULLETS RATE , , EGG YEAR ANNUAL AVERAGE OF LAY 1/ PRODUCTION Thousands Number Millions 1970 2,370 220 521 1971 2.274 225 512 1972 2.010 232 466 1973 1,721 228 393 1974 1,610 234 376 1975 1,669 241 402 1976 1,430 240 343 1977 1,487 239 354 1978 1,413 241 341 1979 1.387 244 339 1980 1.345 242 326 1/ Annual rate of lay per layer on hand. (Eggs produced during year divided by average number of layers.) EGGS: PRODUCTION, PRICE, CASH INCOME AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 EGGS PRODUCED EGGS SOLD Mil 1 ions 521 519 512 511 466 465 393 392 376 375 402 401 343 342 355 354 341 340 339 338 PRICE PER DOZEN 326 325 Cents 50.9 44.5 42.9 62.9 64.5 66.2 72.1 69.9 66.2 73.8 74.5 CASH INCOME FROM SALES GROSS INCOME 1 ,000 Dollars 22,014 22.099 18.949 18,986 16,624 16.660 20.548 20,600 20,156 20,210 22,122 22.177 20.549 20,609 20,621 20.679 18,757 18.812 20,787 20,849 20,177 20,239 18 TURKEYS: PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1980 YEAR TURKEYS RAISED POUNDS PRODUCED 1/ PRICE PER POUND 2/ VALUE OF HEAVY LIGHT PRODUCTION 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 173 141 144 139 106 122 110 128 133 126 1,000 1 ,000 Pounds Cents 19 3,840 35.5 29 3,383 36.0 29 3,287 62.0 33 3,268 57.0 19 2,375 58.0 21 2,860 58.0 15 2,600 58.0 18 2,993 68.0 7 2,800 65.0 - 2,470 78.0 1,000 Dollars 1,363 1,218 2,038 1,863 1,378 1,659 1,508 2,035 1,820 1,927 1/ Includes home consumption. 2/ Liveweight equivalent price. TURKEYS: NUMBER RAISED AND VALUE OF PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS Turkeys Raised (1,000 Birds) 250 - 225 200 - 175 150 - 125 - Value of Production (1,000 Dollars - 2,200 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 19 CROP HIGHLIGHTS The value of production in 1980 from corn silage, hay, potatoes and tobacco produced in Massachusetts totaled $59.4 million. Corn silage at 19.4 million was the largest componet of the total with hay at $19.1 million a close second. CORN SILAGE Bay State farmers produced a record high silage crop in 1980 of 680,000 tons, 3 percent greater than the record crop set the previous year. Corn silage was cut from 40,000 acres in 1980, with a yield of 17 tons per acre. Both the acreage cut and yield equaled record high levels set in 1978 and 1979 respectively. HAY The production of hay totaled 258,000 tons in 1980. This was 9 percent below the 1979 total but 7 percent above the 1970 level. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures accounted for 25 percent of the total production in 1980. Alfalfa production of 65,000 tons in 1980 was cut from 27,000 acres at a rate of 2.4 tons per acre. All other hay was cut from 92,000 acres at a rate of 2.1 tons per acre. POTATOES Potato production during 1980 totaled 748,000 hundredweight equaling the 1979 production. Both the acreage and yield were unchanged from the previous year. Growers received an average price of $7.50 per hundred- weight, almost $2.00 more than the 1979 average and the highest value during the past decade. The value of production was $5.6 million, 34 percent higher than the previous year. TOBACCO Shade tobacco production in the Commonwealth during 1980 totaled 1.4 million pounds, 309,000 pounds more than during the previous year. Area harvested in 1980 totaled 940,000 acres, 170 acres more than in 1979, and halting the downward trend that began in 1974. Yield per acre in 1980 was 1,475 oounds compared with 1,400 pounds in 1979. Growers received an average of $9.80 per pound in 1980, compared with $8.50 in 1979. Havana Seed production totaled 480,000 pounds in 1980. This was 18 percent above the 1979 level and the highest production since 1972. The value of the crop totaled $629,000, as the growers received an average of $1.31 per pound. 20 CORN: ACREAGE, YIELD AND PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 ACREAGE YEAR PLANTED cr\D fti 1 HARVESTED FOR SILAGE rUK ALL PURPOSES > ACRES PER ACRE PRODUCTION 1,000 1,000 Tons 1, 000 Tons 1970 33 32 16 .5 528 1971 36 34 16 .5 561 1972 35 33 12 .0 396 1973 37 35 14 .5 508 1974 38 35 16.0 560 1975 39 36 15 .0 540 1976 43 38 15 .5 589 1977 44 38 16 .0 608 1978 45 40 16 .5 660 1979 44 39 17 .0 663 1980 45 40 17 .0 680 MASSACHUSETTS CORN Acres Harvested For Si laqe and Production ctior Acres Planted Produ (1,000) (1,000 Tons ) 46- Acres ^^ ^^"^ ,> ^ ^ K ^^y^ -70f 44- ▼ , J / ^ -65C 42- A Production / ^*' / • / / * -60C 40- \ \ -55C ' 38- r \ / / Jk -50C 36 - / » y ^\J /I -45C i , 34- 1 / -40C 19 70 1 1972 1 1974 1 1976 1 1978 Y. 80 ALL HAY: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE MASSACHUSEHS, 1970-1980 CROP ACRES YIELD DDA mirxTrtiLi PRICE VALUE OF YEAR HARVESTED PER ACRE rKUuuu I i\)v\ [ 'ER TON PRODUCTION 1,000 Tons 1 ,000 Tons [ )oll ars 1,000 Dollars 1970 116 2.09 242 39 00 9 ,438 1971 113 2.13 241 41 00 9 ,881 1972 111 1.87 208 50 00 10 ,400 1973 116 2.24 260 50 00 13 ,000 1974 115 2.12 244 63.00 15 ,327 1975 118 2.18 257 79 00 20 ,303 1976 120 2.10 252 71 00 17 ,892 1977 120 1.99 239 69 .00 16 ,491 1978 120 2.26 271 73 .00 19 ,783 1979 119 2.39 285 72 .00 20 ,520 1980 119 2.17 258 75 .00 19 ,350 21 MASSACHUSETTS, ALL HAY Price Per Ton and Value of Production Price Per Ton (Dollars 75 H 70 - 65 - 60 55 - 50 - 45 - 40 - Value of Production (1,000 Dollars) 22,000 -20,000 / Value Of Production 1970 1972 1974 ~-r- 1976 -18,000 -16,000 -14,000 -12,000 -10,000 - 8,000 1978 1980 Acres (000) 122 - 120 - 118 - 116 114 - 112 - MASSACHUSETTS, ALL HAY Acreage and Production Production (1 ,000 Tons) - 300 _ 280 Production ^x / ^- 260 -240 - 220 - 200 1970 1972 1974 1976 22 1978 1980 ALFALFA HAY: ACREAGE. YEILD AND PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS. 1970-1980 CROP YEAR 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION 1.000 29 28 26 26 25 Tons 2.65 2.55 2.25 2.55 2.55 1,000 Tons 77 71 59 66 64 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 26 26 28 28 27 2.60 2.45 2.30 2.60 2.90 68 64 64 73 78 1980 27 2.40 65 ALL OTHER HAY: ACREAGE, YIELD AND PRODUCTION. MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 CROP YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1.000 87 85 85 90 90 92 94 92 92 92 Tons 1.90 2.00 1.75 2.15 2.00 2.05 2.00 1.90 2.15 2.25 1 ,000 Tons 165 170 149 194 180 189 188 175 198 207 1980 92 2.10 193 POTATOES: ACREAGE. YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE. MASSACHUSETTS. 1970-1980 CROP YEAR ACREAGE HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION SEASON AVERAGE PRICE PER CWT. VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 Acres 5.100 4,800 4.000 4.000 4,400 Cwt. 205 210 160 160 200 1975 3,900 205 1976 3,500 220 1977 3.700 240 1978 3.600 225 1979 3.400 220 1980 3,400 220 1,000 Cwt. 1,046 1,008 640 640 880 800 770 888 810 748 748 Dol 1 ars 2.69 2.50 3.90 4.90 3.50 5.00 5.80 5.40 6.30 5.60 7.50 1 ,000 Dollars 2,814 2,520 2,496 3,336 3,080 4,000 4,466 4,795 5,103 4,189 5,610 23 Price Per CWT. (Dollars) 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 3 - 2 - MASSACHUSETTS POTATOES Season Average Price and Value of Production Value of Production (1,000 Dollars) 6,000 - 5.500 Season Average Price ,' Value of Production - 5,000 - 4,500 - 4,000 - 3,500 - 3,000 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 MASSACHUSETTS POTATOES Harvested Acres and Production Acres 5,500 - 4,000- 3,500- Production (1,000 CWT.) -1,100 - 1 ,000 - 900 - 800 - 700 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 24 TOBACCO, SHADE TYPE: ACREAGE, YIELD. PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR ACREAGE HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION PRICE PER POUND VALUE OF PRODUCTION Acres Pounds 1 ,000 Pounds Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars 1970 1,850 1,535 2,840 4.00 11,360 1971 1,300 1,725 2,243 4.00 8,972 1972 1,150 1,250 1,438 4.85 6,974 1973 1,300 1,210 1,573 5.15 8,101 1974 1,300 1,610 2,093 6.00 12,558 1975 1,250 1,335 1,669 6.40 10,682 1976 1,050 1,480 1,554 5.40 8,392 1977 980 1,600 1,568 6.00 9,408 1978 860 1,300 1,118 7.50 8,385 1979 770 1,400 1,078 8.50 9,163 1980 940 1,475 1,387 9.80 13,593 TOBACCO, HAVANA SEED: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR ACREAGE HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION PRICE PER POUND VALUE OF PRODUCTION Acres Pounds 1 ,000 Pounds Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 370 310 260 210 160 1,950 2,050 .1 ,850 1,850 2,040 722 636 481 389 326 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.72 0.82 440 388 298 280 267 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 170 160 180 170 220 1,650 1,819 1,880 2,000 1,850 281 291 338 340 407 0.98 0.87 0.98 1.10 1.20 275 253 331 374 488 1980 240 2,000 480 1.31 629 25 FRUIT AND VEGETABLE HIGHLIGHTS CRANBERRIES A new record production was set in the Bay State in 1980 with 1,185,000 barrels produced in 1980. This was 5,000 barrels greater than the previous record set in 1978 and almost 10 percent greater than the 1979 crop. Producers received an average of $33.20 per barrel which places the value of production at $39 million, 37 percent above the 1979 crop. APPLES Apple production from commercial orchards in the Commonwealth totaled 2.4 million 42 pound units, up 5 percent from 1979. Value of production reached only $14.6 million, 2 percent below the 1979 crop as the average price of $6.13 per unit was 38 cents below the 1979 average. The fruit quality was good although hail damage occurred in some orchards. Dry weather caused an early drop and limited fruit sizing in some areas . PEACHES There were 42,000, 48 pound units of peaches produced in 1980, 11 percent more than the 1979 total. Although the average price received was almost a dollar less at $14.29 per unit, the value of production was still 4 percent higher than 1979 and the highest for the past 10 years. SWEET CORN The Commonwealth's sweet corn production in 1980, at 634,000 hundredweight rose 9 percent above the 1979 crop. Acreage harvested increased 4 percent and yield per acre was 5 percent above last year. Growers received an average of $9.09 per hundredweight in 1980, a 104 per unit increase over the 1979 average. TOMATOES The 1980 tomato crop totaled 168,000 hundredweight, 42 percent above 1979 and the highest production in the past decade. Both increased acreage and high yields attributed to the large production. The value of the crop at $3.6 million, was 26 percent above last year but the average per hundredweight of $21.70 was $2.90 below the 1979 average. 26 CRANBERRIES: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION. UTILIZATION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 ACRES YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION 1/ UTILIZATION SEASON AVERAGE PRICE PER BARREL 3/ VALUE OF YEAR FRESH SALES PROCESSED SHRINKAGE 2/ UTILIZED PRODUCTION 4/ 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 11,200 11.200 11.200 11,200 11,200 11,200 11,200 11,200 11.200 11.200 11,200 Barrels 85.4 95.7 73.1 80.4 83.2 70.1 83.5 78.1 105.4 96.4 105.8 957 1,072 819 901 932 785 935 875 1,180 1,080 1,185 1,000 Barrels 210 607 239 441 170 600 246 563 167 491 162 508 220 630 207 576 247 833 130 880 no 1,016 47 57 49 92 274 115 85 92 100 70 59 )ollars 1,000 Dols 10.70 9,245 10.70 7,886 12.60 10,319 13.60 12,254 10.70 9,972 13.00 10,205 13.40 12,529 17.70 15,488 21.60 25,488 26.60 28,728 33.20 39,342 1/ Includes cranberries that were put in set aside under the Cranberry Marketing Order. IJ Berries paid for by processors and lost because of dehydration and berry breakdown after delivery. 2/ Equivalent return at first delivery point, screen basis. 4/ Excludes cranberries that were put in set aside under the Cranberry Marketing Order. Production (1,000 Barrels 1 ,200 1 ,000 - 950- 900- 850- 800- MASSACHUSETTS CRANBERRIES Production and Value of Production Value Of Production (1,000 Dollars) - 45,000 - 40,000 Value of Production 1970 — T" 1972 1974 "~r- 1976 — r~ 1978 - 15,000 - 10,000 - 5,000 1980 27 APPLES: PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 PRODUCTION i/ PRICE PER UNIT VALUE OF YEAR TOTAL NOT UTILIZED 2/ HAVING VALUE UTILIZED PRODUCTION 1 ,000 - 42 Pound Units Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 2,619 2,738 2,167 1,976 2,548 52 238 167 2,567 2,500 2,167 1,976 2,381 2.65 2.75 3.90 5.59 4.33 6,802 6,878 8,454 11,039 10.300 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 2,500 2,262 2,262 2,500 2,262 167 72 2,333 2,262 2,190 2,500 2,262 4.37 6.13 5.38 5.80 6.51 10,192 13,870 11,776 14,490 14,870 1980 2,381 — 2,381 6.13 14,600 1/ Estimates relate to production in orchards of 100 or more trees. 2/ Abandoned because of economic reasons COMMERCIAL APPLE PRODUCTION BY VARIETY, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR CORTLAND DELICIOUS GOLDEN DELICIOUS MCINTOSH NORTHERN SPY ROME BEAUTY OTHER TOTAL PRODUCTION 1 ,000 - 42 Pound Units 1970 193 271 33 1,638 43 43 398 2,619 1971 250 326 38 1,748 26 57 293 2,738 1972 124 248 36 1,481 14 17 248 2,167 1973 188 264 33 1,236 17 40 198 1.976 1974 143 260 40 1,764 21 45 274 2,548 1975 205 293 31 1,614 17 43 298 2,500 1976 210 288 55 1,360 21 45 283 2,262 1977 195 252 36 1,462 17 38 262 2,262 1978 171 331 38 1,538 21 31 369 2,500 1979 181 329 40 1,405 14 31 262 2,262 1980 190 324 36 1,500 19 36 276 2.381 28 PEACHES: PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 PRODUCTION 1 ,000, 48 Pound Units 73 79 35 58 35 42 35 42 38 38 42 PRICE PER UNIT Dollars 5.27 5.05 8.26 9.66 8.74 9.52 12.63 10.48 13.74 15.15 14.29 VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1 ,000 Dollars 385 399 289 560 306 400 442 440 522 576 600 SWEET CORN: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 CROP YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION AVERAGE PRICE PER CWT. VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1970 7,800 1971 8,200 1972 7,100 1973 8,000 1974 8,200 1975 8,200 1976 7,400 1977 7,200 1978 6.500 1979 6,900 1980 7,200 Cwt. 75 78 75 78 62 81 72 60 88 84 88 1,000 Cwt. 585 640 533 624 508 664 533 432 572 580 634 Dol 1 ars 6.01 6.22 6.93 6.20 8.90 10 71 8.90 7.00 8.99 9.09 1 ,000 Dollars 3,516 3,981 3,694 3,869 4,521 4,714 4,109 3,845 4,004 5,214 5,763 TOMATOES: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSEHS, 1970-1980 CROP YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION AVERAGE PRICE PER CWT. VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 750 750 700 730 700 630 620 660 670 620 800 Cwt. 1,000 Cwt. Dol 1 ars 1,000 Dollars 190 143 12.50 1,788 200 150 12.50 1,875 190 133 17.70 2,354 195 142 17.40 2,471 175 123 16.50 2,030 210 132 18.00 2,376 195 121 21.40 2,589 190 125 20.40 2,550 210 141 21.80 3,074 190 118 24.60 2,903 210 168 21.70 3,646 29 MAPLE SYRUP The 1980 Maple syrup production in Massachusetts totaled 18,000 gallons, compared with 30,000 gallons in 1979. The lack of good sap runs was attributed to the limited snow cover that allowed the ground to freeze to a deep level. The weather during the season was also characterized as too warm. The season opened about March 6, and closed about April 6, about the same as the 1979 season. The color of the syrup was primarily medium similar to the 1979 crop. The price of maple syrup continues to increase, reaching $18.40 per gallon, 16 percent above the 1979 price. Although the price was much higher than 1979, with the reduced production, the value of $331,000 was well below the record high value set in 1979. MAPLE SYRUP: PRODUCTION, DISPOSITION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR PRODUCTION SOLD SEASON AVERAGE PRICE PER GALLON VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1,000 Gallons 1,000 Gallons 1970 32 31 1971 25 24 1972 28 27 1973 20 19 1974 25 24 1975 31 30 1976 27 25 1977 27 25 1978 28 26 1979 30 28 1980 18 17 Dollars 6.70 7.80 8.70 9.40 11.20 10.70 12.75 13.00 14.10 15.90 18.40 1,000 Dollars 214 195 244 188 280 332 367 477 331 MAPLE SYRUP PRICES: BY TYPE OF SALE AND SIZE OF CONTAINER, MASSACHUSETTS . 1971-1980 RETAIL WHOLESALE ALL SALES YEAR GAL h GAL QUART PINT \ PINT GAL h GAL QUART PINT h PINT EQUIVALENT PER GALLON Dol 1 ars 1971 7.40 4.00 2.40 1.50 1.05 6.60 3.65 2.30 1.35 .85 7.80 1972 8.10 4.55 2.75 1.90 1.15 7.30 4.30 2.60 1.55 1.00 8.70 1973 9.00 5.00 3.10 2.25 1.25 8.30 4.60 2.85 1.80 1.10 9.40 1974 10.50 5.90 3.55 2.30 1.40 9.00 5.00 3.00 1.85 1.20 11.20 1975 11.10 6.20 3.75 2.50 1.50 10.00 5.45 3.30 2.05 1.15 10.70 1976 11.65 6.45 3.90 2.55 1.50 10.35 5.75 3.35 2.20 1.35 12.75 1977 12.30 6.90 4.05 2.65 1.80 11.20 6.05 3.70 2.40 1.50 14.20 1978 13.10 7.40 4.29 2.81 1.86 11.66 6.59 3.79 2.41 1.49 14.10 1979 14.88 8.37 4.84 3.12 2.13 12.53 7.13 4.09 2.66 1.77 15.90 1980 17.66 9.69 5.88 3.69 2.46 16.25 8.94 4.73 3.07 1.98 18.40 30 FOLIAGE PLANTS FOR INDOOR OR PATIO USE: NUMBER OF PRODUCERS, SQUARE FEET IN PRODUCTION, NEW VALUE OF SALES, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1980 NUMBER SQUARE FEET AVERAGE VALUE PERCENTAGE NET VALUE YEAR OF IN PER OF SALES AT OF SALES PRODUCERS PRODUCTION SQUARE FOOT WHOLESALE 1/ 1,000 Square Feet 1,000 Dollars 1973 35 175 3.34 89 584 1974 76 581 5.24 76 3,203 1975 135 1,040 4.49 55 4.670 1976 131 965 4.92 62 4,743 1977 112 926 6.00 30 5,555 1978 127 927 5.36 56 4,970 1979 104 715 6.31 75 4,513 1980 84 981 6.68 42 6,555 1/ Gross value of sales less cost of plant material purchased from other growers for growing on. REPORTED TOTAL AVERAGE AREA USED FOR PRODUCTION AND DERIVED AVERAGE VALUE PER UNIT: CARNATIONS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, POTTED LILLIES AND POTTED POINSETTIAS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1975-1980 V YEAR CARNATIONS CHRYSANTHEMUMS POTTED LILLIES POTTED STANDARD MINIATURE STANDARD POMPON POTTED POINSETTIAS 1 ,000 Square Foot Production Area 1975 333 178 425 400 723 1976 342 209 341 417 576 336 952 1977 238 123 296 445 309 367 813 1978 149 132 257 366 427 295 1,009 1979 88 98 225 292 501 294 1,044 1980 50 56 157 283 544 193 980 Average Value Per Square Foot - Dollars 1975 2.05 2.31 1.71 1.44 2.09 1976 2.31 1.81 2.31 1.46 2.46 2.69 1.86 1977 2.43 2.07 2.43 1.32 2.79 2.19 1.86 1978 1.50 2.58 2.56 1.77 2.45 2.62 2.04 1979 2.74 2.83 2.90 2.05 2.98 3.44 2.04 1980 3.00 2.98 2.58 2.21 3.54 3.80 2.38 1/ Value figures for all plants are equivalent wholesale value of all sales. 31 CUT FLOMEPS: NUMBER OF PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION, SALES, PRICE & VALUE. MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1980 TYPE AND CROP YEAR PRODUCERS 2/ SALES PERCENTAGE OF SALES AT WHOLESALE WHOLESALE PRICE VALUE OF SALES AT 1/ WHOLESALE Number 1 ,000 Blooms Percent Cents 1,000 Dollars STANDARD CARNATIONS 1973 1974 1975 1976 58 45 34 27 11,140 9,403 5,549 5,853 93 75 65 93 1977 1978 1979 1980 24 19 14 9 3,851 1,603 1,238 752 89 92 84 96 MINIATURE CARNATIONS 1 ,000 Bunches 1973 1974 1975 1976 26 27 23 24 271 278 273 256 83 50 65 83 1977 1978 1979 1980 20 15 15 7 222 252 175 105 89 99 96 98 HYBRID TEA ROSES 1 ,000 Blooms 1973 1974 1975 1976 11 9 9 10 14,161 19,708 13,483 12,636 99 97 69 100 1977 1978 1979 1980 13 9 11 12 10,575 12,514 13,651 10,565 TOO 99 99 98 MINIATURE OR SWEETHEART ROSES 1,000 Blooms 1973 1974 1975 1976 8 9 9 9 9,635 8,930 9,114 6,174 100 97 72 100 1977 1978 1979 1980 9 9 8 9 6,537 5,401 7,020 8,889 100 99 99 99 STANDARD CHRYSANTHEMUMS 1,000 Bunches 1973 1974 1975 1976 88 52 54 70 2,983 2,412 2,341 1,774 81 92 92 85 1977 1978 1979 1980 58 57 53 47 1,721 1,545 1,355 841 92 90 83 76 11.1 1,237 11.1 1,044 12.3 683 10.3 603 11.2 431 14.0 224 20.0 241 20.0 150 125 120 151 148 115 135 158 159 339 334 412 379 255 340 277 167 18.9 3,243 21.0 4,139 23.9 3,222 19.7 2.489 26.2 2,771 26.0 3,254 24.4 3.331 25.8 2,726 11.4 1,098 14.7 1,313 11.7 1.056 12.5 772 16.3 1.066 17.0 918 17.3 1,214 18.5 1,644 29.9 892 21.0 748 31.1 728 44.5 789 41.7 718 42.5 657 48.1 652 48.1 405 32 CUT FLOWERS: NUMBER OF PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION, SALES, PRICE & VALUE. MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1980, CONT TYPE \ „„..,,..„. I I PERCENTAGE OF | T^^ZT^r \ VALUE OF TYPE AND CROP YEAR PRODUCERS 2/ SALES PERCENTAGE SALES AT WHOLESALE WHOLESALE PRICE VALUE OF SALES AT ]_/ WHOLESALE Number 1 ,000 Bunches Percent POMPON CHRYSANTHEMUMS 1973 115 558 55 1974 70 371 68 1975 102 377 67 1976 87 367 71 1977 89 356 54 1978 75 360 77 1979 60 338 58 1980 63 335 64 POHED CHRYSANTHEMUMS 1,000 Pots 1973 59 414 83 1974 60 503 68 1975 111 747 79 1976 115 609 78 1977 85 421 78 1978 87 402 63 1979 93 562 70 1980 73 762 45 SNAPDRAGONS 1 ,000 Stems 1976 52 2,651 88 1977 50 1,792 89 1978 57 1,674 90 1979 40 1,416 88 1980 36 982 87 POHED GERANIUMS 1,000 Pots 1976 242 5,755 82 1977 225 3,183 52 1978 230 3,125 66 1979 220 3,631 61 1980 190 3,111 57 POTTED LILLIES 1 ,000 Pots 1976 111 364 87 1977 108 322 80 1978 101 258 73 1979 93 329 78 1980 78 245 68 POTTED POINSETTIAS 1 ,000 Pots 1976 146 634 79 1977 139 741 68 1978 136 750 67 1979 120 751 75 1980 112 760 57 Cents 128 131 153 166 165 180 177 187 1,000 Dollars 714 486 577 609 587 648 598 626 184 762 193 971 202 1,509 233 1,419 205 863 260 1,045 266 1.495 253 1,928 16.8 445 19.7 353 20.0 335 20.3 287 28.0 275 88 5,064 75 2,387 85 2.656 91 3,304 94 2,924 liars 2.48 903 2.50 805 3.00 774 3.07 1,010 2.99 733 2.79 1,769 2.05 1.519 2.75 2,063 2.83 2.125 3.07 2,333 y Equivalent wholesale value of all sales. 2/ Beginning with 1974, number of producers is number who produce and sell $10,000 or more of fresh (cut) flowers, flowering and foliage plants, bedding plants and cultivated florist greens. Previously, the definition included growers who sold $2,000 or more of the above mentioned items. 33 FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION: BY KINDS AND OF PRIMARY NUTRIENTS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR KIND OF FERTILIZER PRIMARY NUTRIENTS ENDED JUNE 30 MIXED FERTILIZER PRIMARY NUTRIENTS MATERIALS SECONDARY & MICRO- NUTRIENTS TOTAL FERTILIZER N AVAILABLE '2% K2O Tons Tons 1970 52.953 16,580 63 69,596 8,159 6,325 6,071 1971 47,774 23,298 51 71,123 7,727 6,842 5,514 1972 54,997 17,183 54 72,234 8,853 6,295 6,126 1973 59,643 17,045 50 76,738 10,095 7,726 6,899 1974 61,540 15,810 23 77,373 8.999 7,031 7,246 1975 51,814 15,216 36 67,066 7,866 5,588 6,049 1976 55,548 15,335 150 71,033 8,803 5,984 6,779 1977 53,094 14,882 28 68,004 9,015 5,872 6,607 1978 71 ,471 14,970 62 86,503 11,501 7,644 8,552 1979 58,397 11.393 224 70,014 10,275 6,220 7,530 1980 50,417 15,207 117 65,741 9,092 5,462 6,380 FARMS: NUMBER AND ACREAGE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1980 YEAR NUMBER AVERAGE SIZE LAND IN FARMS Acres Acres 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 6,200 5,900 5.700 5,500 5.500 5.800 6.300 6,200 5,900 6,200 5,900 121 122 123 124 124 121 111 111 115 110 115 750,000 720 ,000 700 ,000 680,000 680,000 700 ,000 700,000 690,000 680,000 680,000 680 ,000 34 PRICES PAID BY FARMERS: INDEX NUMBERS, ANNUAL AVERAGE, UNITED STATES, 1965-1980, BY YEARS (1977=100) YEAR COMTIODITIES & SER., INTEREST, TAXES & WAGE RATES PRODUCTION ITEMS INTEREST, TAXES, & WAGE RATES PRODUCTION ITEMS INTEREST PAYABLE PER ACRE TAXES PAYABLE PER ACRE WAGE RATES FOR HIRED FARM LABOR 1/ 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 47 49 49 51 53 1970 55 1971 58 1972 62 1973 71 1974 81 1975 89 1976 95 1977 100 1978 108 1979 123 1980 139 45 47 48 49 51 54 56 60 72 81 89 95 100 109 125 140 48 50 50 50 52 22 25 28 31 35 46 49 53 58 63 38 41 44 48 53 54 38 68 57 57 42 72 59 61 46 75 63 73 54 77 69 83 65 81 79 91 76 87 85 97 87 94 93 100 100 100 100 108 118 100 107 125 144 107 117 138 179 114 127 ]_/ Simple average of quarterly indexes seasonally adjusted. INDEX NUMBERS OF PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS, BY COMMODITY GROUPS, UNITED STATES ANNUAL AVERAGE, 1965-1980 (1977=100) YEAR CROPS LIVESTOCK & PRODUCTS ALL FOOD GRAINS FEED GRAINS AND HAY TOBACCO COTTON OIL BEARING CROPS FRUIT COM- MERCIAL VEGE- TABLES ALL CROPS DAIRY PROD- UCTS POULTRY AND EGGS MEAT ANI- MALS ALL LIVE- STOCK FARM PROD- UCTS 1965 59 55 53 48 41 65 53 53 44 63 56 54 54 1966 67 57 57 42 45 67 57 55 50 69 62 60 58 1967 64 55 57 37 41 61 57 52 52 57 60 57 55 1968 58 50 58 38 40 82 61 52 54 61 61 60 56 1969 56 53 61 34 38 62 60 50 57 69 71 67 59 1970 59 57 62 36 41 59 59 52 59 64 72 67 60 1971 61 59 64 40 46 67 65 56 61 59 72 67 62 1972 70 57 70 48 51 72 65 60 63 60 88 77 69 1973 138 90 74 54 93 84 76 91 74 101 118 104 98 1974 192 134 85 85 96 86 81 117 86 94 98 94 105 1975 155 127 93 68 81 85 92 105 90 103 100 98 101 1976 129 120 93 99 85 80 91 102 100 102 101 101 102 1977 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1978 122 101 109 91 93 148 105 106 109 106 134 124 115 1979 147 114 118 96 103 144 110 116 124 111 166 147 132 1980 165 132 125 118 102 127 113 125 135 112 156 144 134 35 FARM PRODUCTION EXPENSES, MASSACHUSETTS, 1969-1979 CURRENT FARM OPERATING EXPENSES YEAR FEED LIVESTOCK SEED 1/ FERTILIZER AND LIME REPAIRS AND OPERATION OF CAPITAL ITEMS 2/ MISCELLANEOUS 3/ HIRED LABOR 4/ Million Dollars 1969 27.2 4.7 3.0 3.9 1970 28.9 4.0 3.1 3.6 1971 27.6 3.9 3.2 3.7 1972 25.8 4.2 3.4 3.9 1973 37.2 4.7 4.2 5.6 1974 47.3 3.2 5.5 8.5 1975 45.0 2.4 5.4 6.8 1976 44.8 2.7 6.3 6.2 1977 42.5 3.2 6.7 5.8 1978 37.9 3.3 7.2 8.0 1979 41.5 1.8 7.9 7.0 12.8 13.0 13.6 13.2 14.1 17.1 19.6 24.3 25.3 27.6 34.4 16.7 32.0 17.3 32.0 18.4 33.4 20.0 33.2 20.9 38.8 24.4 37.1 27.2 37.2 27.4 40.4 25.7 46.8 30.3 48.0 39.2 55.1 1/ Includes bulbs, plants and trees. 2/ Repairs and maintenance of buildings, repairs and operation of motor vehicles and other machinery, and petroleum fuel and oil used in the farm business. 3/ Includes binding, cotton ginning. Federal crop insurance, containers, diary supplies, electricity, greenhouse and nursery, grazing fees, harness and saddlery, net insurance premiums (fire, wind and crop hail), irrigation, livestock marketing service (excludes feed and transportation), milk hauling, miscellaneous hardware (includes blacksmithing) , machine hire and custom work, miscellaneous livestock and poultry supplies, pesticides, small hand tools, short term interest, telephones (business share), veterinary services and medicines (plus insem.) and other miscellaneous. 4/ Includes cash wages, perquisites, and Social Security taxes paid by employers. FARM PRODUCTION EXPENSES (Continued), MASSACHUSETTS, 1969-1979 YEAR TOTAL CURRENT FARM OPERATING EXPENSES DEPRECIATION 1/ TAXES ON FARM PROPERTY INTEREST ON FARM MORTGAGE DEBT NET RENT TO NON-FARM LANDLORDS 2/ TOTAL PRODUCTION EXPENSES Million Dollars 1969 100.3 18.4 1970 102.0 18.7 1971 103.8 20.5 1972 103.8 21.0 1973 125.4 22.2 1974 142.9 25.6 1975 143.7 29.6 1976 152.2 31.9 1977 156.0 30.2 1978 162.3 33.6 9.9 2.2 -1.0 129.8 10.4 2.4 -1.1 132.4 11.3 2.6 -1.3 137.0 11.7 3.0 -1.3 138.2 12.8 3.6 -1.5 162.6 12.6 4.5 -1.5 184.1 13.3 5.8 -1.2 191.2 14.1 6.5 -1.0 203.7 15.4 6.0 -.4 207.2 16.4 5.8 -.4 217.7 1979 186.9 36.8 16.8 5.2 -.3 245.4 ]_/ Includes depreciation and accidental damage to farm buildings and depreciation of motor vehicles and other farm machinery and equipment. 2J Minus sign reflects a net income position rather than a net expense position. 36 CASH RECEIPTS FROM FARM MARKETING AND GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1950-1979 Year CASH INCOME FROM FARM MARKETING Crops 1950 54,652 1955 52,897 1960 60,121 1965 69,124 1970 71,590 1975 100,904 1976 110,269 1977 118,699 1978 111,990 1979 137,838 Livestock & Livestock Products Total Crops and Livestock 126.957 119,563 104,608 91,117 85,340 100,594 109,106 105,056 134,613 117,881 (000) Dollars 181,609 172,460 164,729 160,241 156,930 201 ,498 219,375 223,755 246,603 255,719 Government Payments 559 438 672 645 619 593 599 575 773 592 Total Marketings & Government Payments 182,168 172,898 165,401 160,886 157,549 202,091 219,974 224,330 247,376 256,311 REALIZED GROSS AND NET INCOME FROM FARMING: MASSACHUSETTS, 1950-1979 ITEM 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1977 1978 1979 Million Dollars Government Payments Non-Money Income Other Farm Income Gross Farm Income Farm Production Expenses Realized Net Farm Income Net Change Farm Inventories Total Net Farm Income Estimated Number Farms (000) Average Net Farm Income (dollars) 1,797 2,750 181.6 .6 19.3 .1 201.6 172.5 .4 15.4 .6 188.9 164.7 .7 15.5 .7 181.6 160.2 .6 12.3 1.2 174.5 156.9 .6 13.3 1.5 172.3 201.5 .6 21.3 3.2 226.5 223.8 .6 24.8 3.2 252.3 246.6 .8 27.0 3.5 277.8 255.7 .6 29.2 4.3 289.7 147.2 138.3 135.6 127.4 132.0 191.2 207.2 217.7 245.4 54.4 50.7 46.1 47.0 40.4 35.3 45.2 60.2 44.4 -2.1 -1.2 1.3 -.5 .2 -1.3 -32.2 -.9 4.2 52.3 49.5 47.3 46.5 40.6 34.1 12.9 59.3 48.6 29.1 18.0 13.0 8.7 6.2 5.8 6.2 5.9 6.2 1,797 2,750 3,639 5,345 6,548 6.200 2,087 10,043 7,835 37 CASH RECEIPTS FROM FARM MARKETINGS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1978-1980 COMMODITY 1980 Thousand Dollars HAY 2,242 TOBACCO 8,860 POTATOES 4,495 CABBAGE 1,127 SWEET CORN 4,438 TOMATOES 2.529 MISCELLANEOUS VEGETABLES 15,104 APPLES 13,050 PEACHES 493 CRANBERRIES 25,488 BERRIES 1,403 MISCELLANEOUS FRUITS 243 MAPLE PRODUCTS 367 FOREST PRODUCTS 1,189 GREENHOUSE & NURSERY 84,077 MISCELLANEOUS CROPS 104 TOTAL CROPS 165,209 CATTLE & CALVES 11,404 HOGS 7,488 SHEEP & LAT^BS 214 DAIRY PRODUCTS 67,350 CHICKENS 1,288 EGGS 19,021 TURKEYS 2,035 MISCELLANEOUS LIVESTOCK & POULTRY 5,455 TOTAL LIVESTOCK 114,255 2,463 8,404 4,810 878 5,817 2,386 15,032 11,793 544 27,972 1,611 249 445 1,308 92,447 121 176,280 12,727 7,841 163 73,833 653 20,638 1,820 5,762 123,437 2,375 10,833 4,134 1,237 5,763 3,103 13,374 13,092 570 30,562 1,365 260 288 1,308 94,440 127 182,831 10,298 5,988 178 79,279 328 20,177 1,927 5,471 123,646 TOTAL ALL COMMODITIES 279,464 299,717 306,477 MASSACHUSETTS CASH RECEIPTS - 1980 LIVESTOCK 41% CROPS 59% UNITED STATES: CIVILIAN PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF MAJOR FOOD COflMODITIES. 1970-1979 \J Commodity 1970 11.8 Meats: Beef Veal Lamb and Mutton Pork Fish (edible weight) Poultry Products: Eggs Chicken (ready-to-cook) Turkey (ready-to-cook) Dairy Products: Cheese Condensed and evaporated milk Fluid milk and cream (product weight) 296.0 Ice Cream (product weight) Fats and 0ils--Total Fat Content Butter (actual weight) Margarine (actual weight) Lard Shortening Other edible fats and oils Fruits: Fresh Citrus Noncitrus Processed: Canned fruit Canned Juice Frozen (including juices) Chilled citrus juices Dried Vegetables: Fresh 3/ Canned Frozen (excluding potatoes) Potatoes 4/ Sweetpotatoes 4/ Grains: Wheat flour 5/ Rice Other: Coffee Tea Cocoa Peanuts (shelled) Dry edible beans Melons Sugar (refined) 1973 1974 1975 1976 Pounds 1977 1978 2/ 1979 2/ 151.4 142.5 152.5 145.4 155.3 154.6 149.7 147.7 84.1 81.1 86.4 88.9 95.7 93.2 88.9 79.6 2.4 1.5 1.9 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.5 1.7 2.9 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 62.0 57.6 62.2 51.2 54.6 56.7 56.9 65.0 12.9 12.2 12.3 13.0 12.8 13.4 13.7 39.5 37.3 36.6 35.4 34.8 34.5 35.2 35.7 40.5 40.7 41.1 40.6 43.3 44.9 47.7 51.8 8.0 8.5 8.9 8.6 9.2 9.2 9.4 10.2 11.5 13.7 14.6 14.5 15.8 16.4 17.3 18.1 7.1 6.0 5.6 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.2 4.4 296.0 293.0 288.0 291.1 292.0 288.4 285.9 284.2 17.7 17.5 17.5 18.7 18.1 17.7 17.8 17.7 53.0 54.3 53.2 53.4 56.1 54.4 55.6 57.6 5.3 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 11.0 11.3 11.3 11.2 12.2 11.6 11.4 11.6 4.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.3 17.3 17.3 17.0 17.3 18.1 17.6 18.2 19.2 18.2 20.8 20.3 20.3 22.0 21.6 22.6 23.4 79.3 74.2 76.9 81.3 83.7 79.6 81.6 80.5 28.1 26.9 27.1 28.7 28.5 25.2 26.3 24.3 51.2 47.3 49.8 52.6 55.2 54.4 55.3 56.2 23.3 21.3 19.6 19.3 19.2 20.0 19.0 19.2 14.6 15.9 14.6 16.2 16.2 15.6 17.4 17.4 9.8 11.2 11.2 12.6 12.2 11.8 11.3 12.3 4.7 5.3 5.2 5.7 6.2 5.8 6.4 6.4 2.7 2.6 2.4 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.2 91.0 93.0 95.0 94.1 94.2 91.8 93.3 97.2 53.0 57.7 56.9 55.1 55.7 56.2 54.1 55.0 9.7 10.7 10.2 9.7 10.2 10.3 10.8 11.1 115.3 114.4 112.3 120.3 114.4 119.8 122.9 123.0 5.2 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.5 5.0 5.0 110.0 112.0 110.0 113.0 118.0 114.0 115.0 112.0 6.7 7.0 7.6 7.7 7.2 7.6 5.8 9.2 10.4 10.1 9.5 9.0 9.4 6.7 7.9 7.8 .7 .8 .8 .8 .8 .9 .7 .7 3.1 3.4 3.0 2.6 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.7 5.9 6.6 6.4 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.6 6.6 5.9 6.4 6.7 6.5 6.3 6.1 5.9 6.1 21.2 19.8 17.1 17.3 18.6 19.3 20.1 18.9 101.8 101.5 96.6 90.2 94.7 95.7 93.1 91.3 y Quantity in pounds, retail weight unless otherwise shown. Data on calendar year basis except for dried fruits, fresh citrus fruits, peanuts, and rice which are on a crop-year basis. 2/ Preliminary. 3/ Commer- cial production for sale as fresh produce. 4/ Including fresh equivalent of processed. 5/ White, whole wneat, and semolina flour including use in bakery products. MASSACHUSETTS: ESTIMATED TOTAL POPULATION, July 1, 1950-1979 V Year Total Population Year Total Population 1950 4,691,000 1960 5,149,000 1970 5,697,000 1975 5,778,000 1976 5,769,000 1977 5,768.000 1978 5,771,000 1979 2/ 5,769,000 y U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census 21 Preliminary. 39 BOARD OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Charles S. Bean, Chairman, Westwood Joseph Arena, East Boston George P. Faddoul, D.V.M. , Lincoln Ralph J. Baldasaro, Chester John George, Jr., South Dartmouth Raymond E. Duda, Easthampton Harley Phelps, Jr., Lanesboro DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ADMINISTRATION Frederic Winthrop, Jr. , Commissioner William A. Starzec, Assistant Commissioner John J. McColgan, Counsel James T. Walsh, Head Administrative Assistant Mary C. Reardon, Secretary to the Commissioner AGRICULTURAL PRESERVATION RESTRICTION PROGRAM William H. King, Land Use Administrator Warren K. Colby, Project Coordinator DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE Susan Redlich, Director DIVISION OF ANIMAL HEALTH Mabel A. Owen, Director Dr. Victor P. LaBranche, Chief Veterinary Health Officer Harvey Smith, Supervisor of Poultry Products DIVISION OF DAIRYING AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY J. Peter Griffin, Director Arthur W. Hoyt, Supervisor of Inspection DIVISION OF FAIRS Stephen F. Quinn , Director Peter Bundy, Supervisor of Thoroughbred Program Barbara Dolloff, Supervisor of Standardbred Program DIVISION OF MARKETS John J. Fitzgerald, Director Guy L. Paris, Assistant Director - Commodity Promotion James M. Cassidy, Assistant Director - Regulatory Janet M. Christensen, Public Information Officer MILK CONTROL COMMISSION Catherine Clement , Chairperson Richard G. Bonneville James A. Woodsom John B. Kelley, Director Peter F. Hines, Counsel PESTICIDE BOARD Lewis F. Wells, Jr. , Pesticide Program Supervisor Jeffrey Carlson, Asst. Pesticide Program Supervisor DIVISION OF PLANT PEST CONTROL Peter C. Kuzmiski, Director Thomas Leonard, Chief Apiary Inspector RECLAMATION BOARD Elizabeth Costello, Executive Secretary Mark S. Buff one. Entomologist 40 PESTICIDE BOARD Frederic Winthrop, Jr. , Chairman Louis Berman Joan E. Harrison Steve T. Chmura Eric H. Haupt Anthony D. Cortese, Sc.D. William F.M. Hicks Alfred L. Frechette, M.D. John F. Looney, Jr. , Ed. D. Joseph Tabbi RECLAMATION BOARD John J. McColgan, Chairman James L. Dallas Gilbert A. Bliss AGRICULTURAL LANDS PRESERVATION COMMITTEE Frederic Winthrop, Jr. , Chairman Secretary John A. Bewick Secretary Byron Matthews Dean Daniel Padberg Dr. Sherman Lewis Warren Chace Robert Lemire Professor Norton Nickerson Timothy Nourse Charles Bean FARMLAND VALUATION ADVISORY COMMISSION Edward J. Collins, Jr., Chairman Dr. N. Eugene Engel Everett L. Martin Frederic Winthrop, Jr. WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION Richard E. Kendall, Co-Chairman Anthony D. Cortese, Co-Chairman Steve T. Chmura William Tsaffaras Frederic Winthrop, Jr. Julia O'Brien Rita Barron Peter Karalekas Richard M. Chapman Richard Noss Nathan Tufts, Jr. STATE COMMITTEE FOR CONSERVATION OF SOIL, WATER & RELATED RESOURCES Anthony Cortese Richard Kendall James Kring Frederic Winthrop, Jr. Sherman L. Lewis Richard Cronin John McColgan Harley Phelps, Jr. Mary Grimes Charles Perkins Lee Davis 41 AGRICULTURAL PRESERVATION RESRICTION PROGRAM William H. King, Administrator At the conclusion of Fiscal 1981, the Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program has purchased restrictions on 19 properties involving 1556 acres of farmland. They were located in 10 counties and 16 municipalities. Another 15 properties with 1247 acres of land were under signed purchase agreements. The goal of retaining a farmland base for Massachusetts food and livestock production is becoming realized. In addition, the benefits of the rural landscape and farm employment in many municipalities are being maintained. The Program provides farmland owners the opportunity to realize the value of their property's "development rights" without the land being taken out of production or developed. The Commonwealth compensates the landowner for his willingness to place a permanent restriction on his land prohibiting all non-farm uses and allowing for only agricultural uses. The land, once restricted, is still privately owned and it can be leased, sold, devised, etc., but only for agricultural purposes. Farmers and other farmland owners voluntarily apply to the Program for consideration. Following review of the application by Department staff, the property is field inspected and then presented to the Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee for action. If approved, the application will become a finalist and an appraisal of the property's market value and agricultural value will be conducted. The landowner is offered the difference between the market value and agricultural value. If the landowner concurs, a final vote of the Committee is needed. Following a successful vote, the purchase agreement is signed and a title search is completed. Once clear title is established, the landowner is compen- sated for the restriction that is recorded with his deed. The Program is one of five state programs now operating in the country. They include New Jersey, Maryland, Connecticut, New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Several county programs are also active. Purchasing development rights/restrictions is one of the few permanent solutions available for preserving productive farmland. At the end of the 1981 fiscal year, over 235 applications had been submitted to the Department of Food and Agriculture for funding consideration. The applications represented 121 cities and towns in 12 counties across the Commonwealth. A total of over 22,000 acres have been proposed for restriction with asking prices exceeding $55 million. A total of $15 million has been appropriated to the Program, but as seen above, this sum falls far short of the application demand. A $10 million request has been made in the 1982 Capital Outlay Budget. An annual appropriation is needed to satisfy demand for the Program and to maintain administrative continuity. Total program expenditures at end of the fiscal year amounted to $3,197,035. On the average, the cost of restricting Massachusetts farmland is $2000 per acre. Fifty-five additional properties involving over 5000 acres are under appraisal for Program consideration. Fiscal 1982 should be a successful year for farmland preservation in Massachusetts. 42 Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program From January 1, 1979 to June 30, 1981 No. of Cities & County Number Acreage Towns Represented Asking Price Barnstable 1 65 1 $ .3 million Berkshire 10 1794 6 2.4 million Bristol 21 1755 11 6.2 million Dukes 4 342 3 1.5 million Essex 29 2610 12 13.3 million Franklin 15 1573 7 1.9 million Hampden 11 1162 7 1.7 million Hampshire 35 3529 10 3.6 million Middlesex 31 1967 17 10.2 million Norfolk 15 812 9 2.0 million Plymouth 22 2411 13 5.6 million Worcester 43 5728 25 8.6 million State Total 236 23,069 121 $57.3 million Update as of December 31, 1981: 37 farm properties protected totalling 3261 acres. 5 farm properties under purchase agreement totalling 563 acres. 43 farm properties under appraisal totalling 5100 acres. Total in Process: 95 farm properties totalling 8924 acres. 43 DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE Susan Redlich, Director The Division of Agricultural Land Use works to promote the wise use of the natural resources essential to agriculture — land, soil, and water — and to ensure the protection and availability of these resources for those who work the land, both rural and urban. The fragile and finite nature of these natural resources necessitates their long term conservation in order to produce food for the citizens of the Commonwealth, maintain the viability of the farm economy, and safeguard the quality of our natural environment. To further these objectives, during the past year, the Division was instrumental in the formation of the Suffolk County Conservation District, which will enable interested residents of Suffolk County to become involved in the conservation of the land, soil, and water of Suffolk County. The Division also facilitated the distribution and planting of thousands of food bearing trees and shrubs on public lands as part of the Massachusetts Fruition Program. The Massachusetts Seed Pro- gram was also effectively carried out and this program provided low-cost seeds to low income, elderly, and beginning gardeners, greatly facilitating home food pro- duction. The Division has also been involved with an extensive natural resource mapping project of state-owned institutional lands. The maps will be used in making planning decisions for the future use of these properties. By carrying out its numerous projects and activities, the Division also provided training and educational opportunities for a number of student interns. The Division continued to coordinate and promote Boston area farmers markets, and organize and secure land for community gardens. The Division also takes an active role in the state's environmental review process and advocates the protection of agricultural land. 44 DIVISION OF ANIMAL HEALTH Mabel A. Owen, Director Since the control and/or eradication of major domestic animal diseases is the goal and purpose of the Division of Animal Health, our success directly affects the prices we pay for food, clothing, and our own good health. Caught between the horns of inflation and transportation, farmers must rely on efficient disease control if they are to produce the food we need. This is an important area, one in which the government profits both the producer and the consumer. In past years, this Division has functioned with four Veterinary Health Officers, ten Animal/Poultry Inspectors and an office staff of fourteen. Retirements, hiring freezes and a reduction in positions have left us with a working complement of fifteen. Although we have been fortunate to have had help from USDA-APHIS and to have had no important new disease outbreak, our resources are at this point, strained far beyond the safety point. BRUCELLOSIS This disease in both cattle and swine affects human health in the form of Undulant Fever. Its total eradication in Massachusetts is within our grasp. A very large loose-housed and chronically infected herd was removed from quarantine this year and has remained disease-free for more than three months. Two small herds came up infected. One was depopulated and infection brought swiftly under control in the second. We confidently hope to be disease-free in bovine brucellosis within calendar 1981. Well over half of the State is also disease-free in swine brucellosis. Since we are now the only New England State with a problem in this area, we have given its eradication high priority. Failure to pass a particular piece of legislation continues to hamper our efforts with swine brucellosis. TUBERCULOSIS Another disease with high human-health impact, tuberculosis, is resurgent in the world^particularly in its cities. Eradication remains a continuing program; laxity will guarantee a problem. Our dairy herds are currently on a three year testing rotation, with a number tested oftener. A total of just under 43,000 animals (in over 800 herds) were tested with no reactors revealed. This is one of our two highest priority programs, one for which our low field staffing can cause problems. We require two more years of complete freedom from this disease in order to qualify as a tuberculosis-free state. This rating would mean a great deal to our farmer-producers as well as to all of New England. Few people realize the incidence of disease, in particular Tuberculosis and Brucellosis, is lower in the Northeast than in any other portion of the country, but constant surveillance will be necessary to maintain a desirable position. HOG CHOLERA AND RELATED DISEASES The entire nation has been free of this disease for two years, but since it is endemic in neighboring countries, constant effort is expended in prevention. 45 Hog Cholera, Swine Pseudorabies and Vesicular-Exanthema may be transmitted through the feeding of un-cooked garbage to swine and the law we have which mandates such cooking is our primary prevention and control procedure. We are indebted to USDA-APHIS for all swine-testing conducted here. EQUINE PROGRAM Massachusetts requires a negative Coggins Test (for Equine Infectious Anemia) to be conducted within six months prior to entry. Just under 11,000 such tests were conducted with seven positives. Since this disease is now of such a low incidence here, we have lengthened to 24 months the test period required for Massachusetts-owned horses to be shown here. This relieves the horse owner of a necessity of an annual test and will not, we feel, contribute in any way to the spread of this disease. As always, we sent out press releases urging horse owners to vaccinate their animals against Eastern-Western Encephalitis. No equine deaths from this \-)ere confirmed in this state though several occurred in nearby New Hampshire. Licensing of Riding Schools and Stables (an animal protective device) and Horseback Riding Instructors, considered a consumer protective measure, continues, though the position of supervisor of Riding Academies has been unfilled for two years. Agents of the Massachusetts SPCA conduct the surveillances for us with regard to stable licensing. These two programs are important sources of revenue for this Division. PET SHOP LICENSING The licensing of Pet Shops is primarily a disease control measure, especially in the area of parrots and other psittacine birds. Recent outbreaks of WND (Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle Disease) in parrots have allowed USDA-APHIS agents to trace every exposed bird sold into Massachusetts Pet Shops. Since this disease has the capability of wiping out the domestic poultry industry, we have good reason to thank the pet shop owners in general for their interest and co-operation in this regard. RABIES This disease remains endemic in the wildlife population and remains a constant, though admittedly low-level, threat to residents of this State. Since skunks remain a source, their sale as pets was made illegal a year ago. This Division initiates the quarantine of any animal which has bitten a person. More than 6,000 quarantines were completed. More than 600 animal brains were submitted to the Wasserman Laboratory for definitive rabies analysis. POULTRY This section of the Division has been hurt severely by two retirements. We're only four field men to blood test (105,000 birds tested) to inspect at shows and fairs (29 shows), to do retail store inspections (over 2,700 stores inspected), to check on Massachusetts-Grown-And Fresher logo use, to conduct USDA-Egg Products Act inspections and to take care of a myriad of other poultry diseases. This section is severely under-manned. Our State remains officially pullorum-clean and we are very proud of the work these men do, as well as the co-operation of the State's producers, but maintaining a disease- free status in the poultry industry with four men may not prove possible. 46 CONCLUSION Our co-operative agreements with the Uni Agriculture-Animal Plant Health Inspection Se proven invaluable in attaining our present hi diseases such as Brucellosis and Tuberculosis have helped us enormously with pet shop work programs. We are indebted to the Farm Bureau legislative help. The licensed veterinarians and vaccinations for us have made it possible closely than ever would have been possible wi Division of Animal Health is severely under-s ted States Department of rvices (USDA-APHIS) have gh-degree of freedom from . The agents of MSPCA and all of our equine Federation for their who conduct fee-basis tests to cover the State far more thout them. The office of the taffed. We hope against considerable odds to be able to maintain a high position of freedom from disease in our domestic flocks. We and the farmers and the producers we serve recognize the need for financial responsibility, but a major disease outbreak could and would cost far more than present savings could ever justify. The Division of Animal Health's budget for fiscal year 1981 was $462,400 which included funding the Division of Poultry. 47 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNSEL John J. McColgan, Counsel In fiscal year 1981 there were no major changes in the agricultural laws. There were, however, seven amendments to the law, some of them significant to those affected. Ch. 378 of the Acts of 1980 was entitled 'Ian Act further regulating certain agricultural land use." What it did in effect was add a definition of "Arbor". The definition reads as follows: "An area of land devoted to the propagation and cultivation of fruit bearing trees and shrubs and nut trees." This amendment authorized the Division of Land Use to purchase such trees and shrubs and plant them in various places throughout the Commonwealth. Ch. 397 provided that the employees of Suffolk County Cooperative Extension Service may participate in the Commonwealth's group insurance program. Ch. 428 provided that the Board of Veterinary Medicine shall have the authority to grant to the Veterinary School in Grafton an institutional license under which veterinarians who are not otherwise licensed may practice veterinary medicine if such practice is conducted in conjunction with their full time employment at the school . r Ch. 430 provided that all dogs and cats shipped into the Commonwealth for commercial resale shall be inoculated against distemper and that such dog or cat be accompanied by an official health certificate, a copy of which must be sent to the Commissioner of Food and Agriculture. It also provided that no pet shop shall import into the Commonwealth any cat or dog less than eight weeks of age. Ch. 475 provided that the Department of Mental Health shall lease to the Department of Food and Agriculture for a period of ten years with an option to renew certain lands at the Belcher town State School. Ch. 557 was an Act clarifying exemption of tractors used by farmers from the sales tax. It provides that the tax shall be imposed only on the difference between the sales price of the vehicle purchased and the amount allowed on the vehicle traded in on such purchase. Ch. 59 of the Acts of 1981 provides that, subject to the rules promulgated by the Commissioner of Food and Agriculture, the Director of Animal Health may prohibit the importation of female cattle for breeding purposes over five months of age without an official certificate of vaccination. 48 DIVISION OF DAIRYING AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY J. Peter Griffin, Director Both consumers and dairy farmers benefit from the strict health and sanitation laws and regulations affecting the supply of milk in the Commonwealth. Under the law, dairy farms in the state selling milk here as well as those out-of-state shipping milk into Massachusetts must be inspected and licensed. This program helps ensure a wholesome product to consumers and a continually desirable and marketable product for farmers. The flavor of milk is quality checked by another departmental program carried out under the Division of Markets. The number of dairy farms licensed by the Division of Dairying in the last ten years has dropped by about 22 percent. This decrease is offset, however, by an increase in the size of existing farms. The geographical area covered in the inspection of these farms has also broadened farther and farther, particularly into New York state. Larger farms with more equipment that is also more complicated, and fewer inspectors with greater mileage to cover, have made our work extremely frustrating. We made approximately 7500 "original farm inspections" and approved 79 percent during the 1981 fiscal year. Those farms not approved were later reinspected and most were approved. Others went out of business or changed to markets not requiring Massachusetts licensing. We have attempted to approve or recommend exclusion on the first reinspection. This has worked reasonably well at saving time and expense, and has helped in upgrading the overall farm conditions. Our four mastitis sample collectors sampled approximately 750 herds, 46,000 cows and collected approximately 181,000 milk samples which they delivered to the diagnostic laboratory at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. These samples were analyzed and the results forwarded to the herd owners and their veterinarians. If the farmer follows the recommendations resulting from the laboratory analysis of his milk samples, he can save hundreds of dollars that otherwise would be lost to reduced milk production, reduced cow value, and veterinary expense. ' Our USDA work has been curtailed this year due to the shortage of manpower. We were unable to complete a request from the USDA for resampling Non-Fat Dry Milk in Lawrenc during the month of August. The Syracuse office of USDA agreed to do the work until we were again able to, or until the cooperative agreement was terminated. We have continued, however, to do the weighing and sampling of dry milk being offered to the Commodity Credit Corporation by Agri-Mark, Inc. from their West Springfield plant. The income from this work for the year was $6,537.36, down from the previous year income of $9,664.30. A total of 73 milk plants were inspected by tne Division this year. Twenty-five of these were pasteurization plants located outside the Commonwealth. Others were receiving plants or stations located throughout the Massachusetts milk shed. Division personnel certified by the U.S. Public Health Service as milk sanitation rating officers completed all industry requests for interstate milk shipper ratings. The appropriated budget for the fiscal year was $266,066. 49 DIVISION OF FAIRS Stephen F. Quinn, Director The fairs, as a whole, enjoyed a rather good season and with the lack of rain through the summer most fairs enjoyed increases in attendance. The large increase in the total is due to the rejuvenation of the Brockton, Middleboro and Weymouth fairs. Their added attendance was up over 300,000. With good weather and an increase in prize monies, exhibits were able to show a large increase over last season j the total also broke records which were set the previous year. With gas prices stabilizing there was no problem getting about j however due to the cost, a trend seems to be setting in where people are partaking in more nearby functions for their entertainment. All looks well for the immediate future for the Agricultural Fairs. 2,929,656 people paid admissions in 1980 to one of the various agricult- ural fairs conducted within the state. This figure is up 512,255 from last year. $264,581 were expended for prizes by the state and $121,634 were added by the fairs for the promotion of agriculture. 89,217 exhibits were displayed, 38,186 of which were youth; these figures are up 20,012 and 5,728 respectively from 1979. The Massachusetts Building exhibits at the Eastern States Exposition in West Springfield again enjoyed a tremendous reception from the 1,090,000 people who visited the "Big E." This year's theme adopted the new logo of the State Department of Commerce and Development, "Make it in Massachusetts." New exhibits from the Extension Service, Massachusetts Horticultural Society and the Depart- ment of Agricultural Stabilization Conservation Service, along with the expanded exhibits of the Massachusetts Flower Growers, Hampden County Bee Keepers and the Commerce Department gave a much needed change to our building. The Division again employed the use of 12 part-time fair inspectors to help aid the Division in its monitoring of the agricultural prizes and the use of the rehabilitation funds. REHABILITATION PROGRAM The Rehabilitation Committee met in the West Springfield office of the Department. It first adopted the revised guidelines for allotting monies to fairs, then preceded to approve $104,135 from requests of $445,460 to 41 fairs. The Division this year also participated in re-establishing the "Wool Blanket Program". Meetings last winter with interested wool growers were held to reactivate this unique marketing opportunity. The Division was instrumental in organizing and incorporating the "Massachusetts Wool Board" as a non-profit corporation for the promotion of wool and lamb products within the Commonwealth. 50 Over 14,000 pounds of raw wool were collected at three pooling sites across the state. The wool was sent to the Charlton Wool Mills for weaving and is due some time in December. Through the manufacturing of the wool into blankets, a readily marketable product, it is our goal to pay the growers a higher price for their wool than otherwise could be achieved. All •is proceeding well. FINANCIAL REPORT DIVISION OF FAIRS The total appropriated budget for the fiscal year was $710,300. Of this total, $422,800 were appropriated for the fair prize awards, fair inspections, promotional programs and administrative costs; $87,500 were appropriated for the rehabilitation program, up $12,500 over last year, and $200,000 for the Thoroughbred and Standardbred Programs. 51 THOROUGHBRED HORSE PROGRAM Peter Bundy, Supervisor The Massachusetts Breeding Program, enacted into law in 1969, provides cash awards of 20 percent of purse won, to breeders of horses that finish 1st, 2nd, 3rd in pari-mutuel running horse races within the Commonwealth. An additional award of 5 percent of purse won is paid to the owner of the stallion which sired said horse and stands the entire breeding season in the state, and is registered with the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture. The purpose of the program is to encourage the breeding of Thoroughbred horses in the state, and to maintain open spaces and promote agriculture. During the 1981 fiscal year, 1284 Massachusetts bred Thoroughbreds started at Suffolk Downs and four agricultural fairs. These horses accounted for 128 wins, 143 2nds, and 145 3rds, indicating that Massachusetts breds are definitely competitive in open racing. Breeder incentive awards cimounted to $123,777, and stallion owner awards were $15,089 for the fiscal year. A deficiency budget of $20,000 was filed as the annual appropriation was not enough to cover the monies due for the awards. Over 200 Thoroughbred mares were bred to Massachusetts stallions in this period, and the number of Thoroughbred stallions standing in Massachusetts increased from 40 to 45. The formation of the Massachusetts Thoroughbred Breeders Association Inc. was a positive step for horse farmers, as an organized breeders group was needed to present a solid front to the state legislature in procuring positive legislation for the Massachusetts horse breeder. The new breeders association has, in fact, filed legislation that, if enacted, would create a healthy financial climate for the neophyte horse farmer. 52 STANDARDBRED PROGRAM Barbara E. Dolloff, Supervisor The Standardbred Horse Breeding Program encourages and promotes the breeding, propagation, ownership, raising, racing and marketing of Standardbred horses bred in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Thus it encourages the keeping of open lands to promote agriculture and agricultural related industries within the Commonwealth. There was a slight decrease in the number of stallions registering to stand in service in the Commonwealth. This was due to a new regis- tration fee of $100 per stud, imposed by the Massachusetts Standardbred Breeders and Owners Association. The 43 stallions that were registered are of better quality, however, and many outside mares were brought in to be mated with them. This should produce a more marketable foal than in the past. It should be stated here that the program has been producing some outstanding foals and is growing, but with this new stallion band, we look forward to a much improved crop overall. This crop will be eligible to race in the sire stakes program of 1984. There were 106 two and three-year old horses eligible, according to class, to 59 events at 8 fairs. Of this figure, 51 horses did participate. Purse payments including entry fees totaled $82,914. Legislation was introduced this past spring, to enhance the breeding program. If this is passed by the legislature and signed into law by Governor King, it can be projected that a rapid growth will occur. Many owners of Standardbred stallions and mares are anxiously awaiting passage of this legislation, so that they may return their stock to the Commonwealth and participate in a viable program. Alassachusetts * * grown. .and fresher! 53 DIVISION OF MARKETS John J. Fitzgerald, Director The function of the Division of Markets is to create the best possible climate for the state's agricultural products and to help with a variety of programs aimed at insuring that these products do move through marketing channel phases in an orderly manner. The marketing of farm products in Massachusetts involves cash receipts to farmers of more than 300 million dollars and an agribusiness worth several billion dollars annually. Food stores represent the largest retail business in Massachusetts, with some 5714 food stores generating sales of over four billion dollars. The Division role includes providing certain essential market information, shipping point inspections, timely product promotion, consumer protection and regulatory services. AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY PROMOTIONS - Guy L. Paris Funds from this account are allotted to commodity associations for the purpose of promoting Massachusetts agricultural products. Rules and regulations specify that each commodity group receiving promotional funds must submit affidavits of promotional program expenditures, with comments regarding the usage of these funds eight months after receipt of said funds. The Division of Markets was allotted $85,000 to disperse to commodity groups. Many of these commodity groups raised money from their own members to exceed four times the amount they received from the Department. The original sum of $85,000 grew to $350,000 which was spent for the promotion of Massachusetts agricultural products through various commodity promotional programs. DIVISION PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES The objectives of Divisional promotional programs are to continue and expand the use of the "Massachusetts Grown and Fresherl" trademark. Many of the consumers in the Commonwealth are aware of this logo and are insisting that retailers offer Massachusetts grown produce bearing the logo . One retailer tested consumer preference regarding film bagged carrots; those marketed with the logo outsold the unmarked ones by five to one. We are beginning to see more large food markets advertising "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher!" in their newspaper ads, which include flowers and eggs as well as fruits and vegetables. The Division provides retail outlets with "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher!" printed material, assists in their promotional programs and offers suggestions in their advertising. 54 The Division activities also included the following: Exhibited at the Massachusetts State Building during the Eastern States Exposition. Designed and constructed a 17th Century Herb Garden at the Boston Coininon during the Boston 350th Jubilee. Designed and constructed a commercial greenhouse displaying hydrop- onically grown vegetables at the New England Flower and Garden Show. The Department received a gold medal for this exhibit. Conducted a "Taste of Massachusetts" exhibit at the New England Hotel-Motel and Restaurant Show; also supervised the Massachusetts Chicken Cooking Contest during the show. Exhibited at Commonwealth Pier during National Port Day. Assisted with the development of Massachusetts Horticultural Coop, Inc. , a farmers flower market coop at the New England Produce Center. Planned a seminar on the opportunities for produce wholesaling at Gardner Auditorium at the State House which was attended by Governor Edward J. King, Environmental Affairs Secretary John A. Bewick, Food and Agriculture Commissioner Frederic Winthrop, Jr. , several executives of retail food supermarkets, retail market produce buyers, wholesale produce commission merchants, as well as many fruit, vegetable, flower growers and egg producers. The Division also promoted Massachusetts agriculture through the publications of information pamphlets listing local "Pick-Your^'Own" vegetables, strawberries, blueberries, apples and other fruits, "Cut-Your- Own" Christmas trees, Massachusetts turkey farms and locations of Massachusetts Farmers and Gardeners markets. MARKET NEWS This Division cooperates with the U.S. Department of Agriculture collecting, publishing and distributing by telephone, mail, radio and newspapers, timely information on market supplies and demand, commercial movement, and daily market prices at the Boston Wholesale Fruit and Vegetable Market, the Boston Flower Exchange and the Springfield Farmers Market. It is through market reports that growers, retailers, and shippers are informed of marketing conditions and prices. Many of today's prices are established in retail food and flower stores through- out Massachusetts based on information received by Market News reports. Great care is taken to make these reports complete, accurate and readable. Also, all employees of the Market News section must be ready to answer any questions on marketing and other agricultural topics. They must be knowledgeable of the functions and the responsibilities of the Department of Food and Agriculture, so they can refer people to the proper divisions when asked. Market News publicationsinclude a weekly Special Apple Report out- lining apple storage holdings, wholesale market prices, f.o.b. apple prices, and movement of apples at the wholesale market place and also on the farm. A consumers' weekly Buyers Guide listing retail prices of fruit, vegetables, meat, poultry, eggs, and fish informs consumers of the current retail prices for these commodities. This report also assists the farmer who grows or produces these products in determining the price he should charge at his stand or farmers markets. 55 PUBLIC INFORMATION - Janet Chr istensen Communicating to the public the most current facts concerning the agricultural situation in Massachusetts and related activities of the Department is the major goal of this program. As the most efficient means of reaching the largest number of people is through the mass media, the important events and issues are explained in press releases for distribution to newspapers, radio and TV stations and various trade publications. The public information officer assists representatives of the press on any inquiries concerning Department activities or food and agricultural topics, referring calls to subject matter specialists in the Department or other agencies when necessary. The protection of farmland in Massachusetts is of great concern to those involved with agriculture, and this issue and the goals of the Agricultural Preser- vation Restriction Program must be brought to the public's attention. Efforts to encourage related interviews and stories in the print and broadcast media have been well received. Informing the public about Massachusetts grown crops and their availability is another key assignment. The series of leaflets on the nutrition and use of various local vegetables and fruits which was developed over the past few years has gained wider distribution through cooperation with the New England Vegetable Growers Association. Publicity concerning farmers markets has added considerable emphasis to the entire "Massachusetts grown" campaign. With the assistance of student interns, a list of market locations, times and dates is compiled each year and a concerted effort is made to advise ti.e public. The public information officer serves on the Board of the Massachusetts Federation of Farmers and Gardeners Markets. She also prepared food demonstrations on local crops for the Sharon King Program on WBZ-TV as well as the Massachusetts New England Hotel, Motel and Restaurant Show. Mutual interests and goals of public information officials in the Northeast and the U.S. were furthered through meetings of their regional and national associations. This year the Public Information Officer served as President of the Communication Officers of State Departments of Agriculture. The TV public service announcements featuring Commissioner Winthrop promoting the summer harvest of Massachusetts grown crops were again distributed and used by TV stations across the state. The Public Information Officer also promoted the observance of American Agriculture Day on March 19, 1981 and informed the press about the two significant events planned — the Direct Wholesaling Seminar at the State house and the signing by Governor King of an Executive Order to protect state owned agricultural lands. Other current topics covered in press releases and brochures concerned animal health, community gardens and insect nuisance and plant pest problems such as the gypsy moth and the Mediterranean fruit fly„ Cnortheast,usa^ 56 ROADSIDE MARKETING - Craig Richov Roadside marketing represents a $30 million industry in Massachusetts and 1980 estimates put the number of roadside stands and markets at over 700. Working closely with market operators as a marketing consultant is the Depart- ment's Roadside Marketing Specialist. Tohelp keep Massachusetts a leader in direct marketing, the specialist writes a bimonthly newsletter to inform growers of marketing trends and retailing techniques. His attendance at the National Direct Marketing Conference in Washington, D.C., the New York State Roadside Marketing Conference in Kingston, New Yotf. and the New England Apple Institute's Roadside Marketing Conference in Springfield, helped keep him aware of current problems and breakthroughs in the industry. The Roadside Marketing Specialist also provided services to growers who requested his assistance in establishing retail marketing outlets and in im- proving the operation of existing markets. Plans for new roadside markets were provided in Stow, Ipswich and Holden, and improved market layouts were worked out for over 20 stands across the state. The advice and recommendations given to growers serves to upgrade the appearance, image and effectiveness of farm markets in Massachusetts. The Massachusetts farm families and their prod- ucts have been a continuing source of pride for the entire Commonwealth. Promotional activities of the marketing specialist included the distribu- tion of "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher" publicity materials and assistance with the Massachusetts Vegetable Growers Association's "Vegetable of the Week" promotion program. As chairman of the Massachusetts Federation of Farmers and Gardeners Markets' promotion and exhibit committee, he also promoted farmers markets through informative exhibits and live farmers markets at the Eastern States Exhibition in West Springfield and smaller fairs and functions through- out the year. FARMERS MARKETS From the Cape to the Berkshires, farmers markets increased in popularity with both buyers and sellers. As well as offering vegetables, many markets also sold other items such as fresh strawberries and raspberries in season, basil, mint, eggs, honey, maple syrup and flowering plants. Over the past few years, farmers markets have mushroomed across Massachusetts, increasing from some seven locations in 1976 to the current total of forty-four. More local farmers each year are selling direct to the consumer at urban and suburban farmers markets, while more shoppers are enjoying their convenient locations and excellent products. The state Food and Agriculture Department also encourages farmers in "direct marketing" at roadside farm stands and in direct sales to supermarkets, institu- tions and the restaurant trade. Growers or potential buyers are urged to contact the Department's Division of Markets at (617) 727-3018 for assistance. 57 FOREIGN TRADE SECTION - Schiva Gandhi The number of Massachusetts agribusiness firms participating in the export programs of the Division of Markets has remained fairly stable in this fiscal year. There are approximately 100 firms ("new- to-export" or experienced exporters) utilizing the services and resources of the Foreign Trade Section. However, it has been noticed that these firms were much more active this year in utilizing the various services provided by this Section. Moreover, there has been a marked in- crease in enquiries on agricultural statistics, the latest developments in foreign markets and other information relating to foreign trade by individuals thinking of entering the export market. A major source of their interest has stemmed from reading about the various trade shows and exhibits. The Foreign Trade Section periodically mails out particulars about a trade show that might be of interest to Massachusetts ex- porting firms to establish new global markets or enlarge the market for their products in their current global area of concentration. One such trade show that this Section is currently concentrating on disseminating information about is The United States International Food Show (USIFS) , to be held in New York Coliseum April 14-18, 1982. This is the first large-scale and most comprehensive inter- national food exhibition ever staged in this country. Already a large number of representatives of food manufacturing companies and processors, as well as official organizations in all sectors of food and drink industry have indicated that they are eager to participate in the USIFS, for it provides them with an ideal oppor- tunity to introduce new products, identify new markets and new trends in food pro- cessing, as well as boost sales in national and international markets. A greater number of "new- to-export" firms are finding that an easy way to in- troduce their products to food buyers in a large number of countries, at no cost, is through the monthly newsletter CONTACTS for U.S. Farm Products. To participate in this program the export representative of a firm describes the product in 100 words or less, including the firms address, bank reference, phone number etc., and this information is forwarded via the State Department of Agriculture to the Foreign Agricultural Service of the United States Department of Agriculture for compilation in the monthly newsletter and translation into various languages. This Newsletter then goes to Agricultural attaches, who in turn distribute the information to the food trade in their country (ies) of responsibility. The major emphasis of this program is on new exporters and/or new export products. 58 INSPECTION & REGULATORY SERVICES - James M. Cassidy The Federal-State Inspection Service issues U.S.D.A. inspection certificates on shipments of fruit and vegetables at shipping points and local processing plants. These certificates which certify grade, quality, condition and size of the products are done on a prescribed fee basis and are payed by the applicant or shipper. Inspections are also made at wholesale markets and retail stores in order to insure the correct labeling and grading of apples, potatoes, seed, feed, pet food, and fertilizers. Inspectors also check to enforce the "native law", which requires the state of origin to be used whenever the word "native" is displayed. The program provides for inspection and regulation of controlled atmosphere apple storage rooms, cider mills and roadside stands. The annual registration of seed, feed, and fertilizer with the collections of fees and penalties and the administration of the related laws, including cooperative work with the U.S.D.A. and the F.D.A., is part of this overall program. FINANCIAL REPORT The Division Budget appropriated for fiscal year 1981 was $334,908, which was $60,192 less than the fiscal year 1980 budget. 59 Calendar Year * SEED INSPECTION PROGRAM/OFFICIAL TESTED 1977 1978 1979 1980 Agriculture 72 62 37 54 Mixtures (lawn) 97 86 103 100 Vegetables 509 477 528 445 Flowers 250 206 132 173 Flower Mixture 5 4 3 0 934 835 803 772 Stop sale orders 32 covering 96 lots of seed unfit for seeding. poor germination, noxious weeds. FRUIT & VEGETABLE INSPECTION REVENUE 1977 1978 1979 1980 Apples $9,812.07 $10,061.74 $16,090.07 $11,084.50 Cranberries 245.32 577.00 Onions 3,374.20 2,979.96 1,741.96 219.10 Potatoes 8,862.26 3,251.25 4,411.57 826.68 $22,293.91 $16,292.95 $22,820.60 $12,130.28 FEED, FERTILIZER AND LIME REGISTRATION 1977 1978 1979 1980 Feed/a 1,929 2,008 2,014 1,922 Fertilizer /b 658 697 799 732 Fertilizer ■/c 15 14 14 12 Lime 25 29 24 31 FEED, FERTILIZER AND LIME REVENUE 1977 1978 1979 1980 Feed/a $48,225.00 $51,900.00 $50,350.00 $48,050.00 Fertilizer •/b 16,450.00 18,200.00 20,125.00 18,300.00 Fertilizer •/c 1,875.00 1,750.00 1,750.00 1,500.00 Lime/d 625.00 725.00 600.00 775.00 Fertilizer Ve 8,344.77 8,849.90 10,826.73 15,722.29 Fertilizer ■/f 3,029.98 2,197.10 1,348.81 3,929.57 Total $78,549.00 $83,422.00 $85,000.54 $88,276.86 /a Brands /d Brands /b Specialty brands /e Tonnage /c Commercial plants /f Penalties ♦Statistics and revenue are collected on a calendar year. Revenue generated by inspection and registration fees totaled $100,407.14. 60 MILK CONTROL COMMISSION John B. Kelley, Director The 1981 Legislature took direct action - which taken together with administrative thrust - transfers the functions of the Division into the newly created Division of Regulatory Services in attempts to streamline the operation of the entire Department of Food & Agriculture. Budget cuts reduced the staff from ten persons to five charged with the responsibilities of enforcing the milk control laws set forth in Chapters 94 & 94A of the General Laws. In a subsequent move, the three Member Commission voted to remain as a standby, advisory board rendering help and assistance wherever needed. After many years of outstanding public service on the board. Commissioner Richard Bonneville of South Hadley - a true leader in the milk field as a dealer - announced his retirement. Counsel was most active in the course of the year in activity before the Legislature, providing expert testimony in favor of the Agri-Bond Bill of great concern to ALL farmers and food processors in an era of tough financing and prohibitive interest rates. Passage is deemed essential. In adjudicatory and administrative procedures, and in litigation before the Superior Court, decisions are sustained and enforced as to the ongoing battle against predatory pricing and to sustain the priority of Massachusetts produced milk in certain situations permitted by law. Reorganization in bankruptcy of the third largest dairy in the state has tested the resources of the State, the staff, and also strained to the utmost the farmers of the state. With the cooperation and assignment of the United States Court, efforts were successful in keeping this large employer and supplier on an operating and recuperating basis. Partly through its efforts, the Milk Control staff is able to announce and confirm that milk sells to the 6,000,000 Massachusetts consumers at about the Lowest price of any state in the country l Our agency of State government licenses all retail outlets of milk and last year more than 3,500 stores were licensed - ranging from the large supermarket chains to the so-called "mom and pop" stores. Make it in Massachusetts Massachusetts ' ' Alassachusetts grown. .. and frestier! 61 PESTICIDE PROGRAM Lewis F. Wells, Jr., Program Supervisor Regulation of pesticides in Massachusetts is carried out under authority granted by Chapter 132B of the General Laws. Control of the use and applica- tion of pesticides is vested in the Department of Food and Agriculture. The Pesticide Board which is chaired by the Commissioner of Food and Agri- culture has three functions: (1) Providing advice to the Department of Food and Agriculture as to policy relative to the implementation of the Massachu- setts Pesticide Control Act (Chapter 132B) , (2) Approving of all regulations promulgated by the Department and, (3) Acting as an appeal body accessible to any person agrieved by an action of the Department as it enforces the law and its rules and regulations which pertain to pesticides. The registration of pesticide products and the issuance of experimental permits are the responsi- bility of a subcommittee of the Pesticide Board. The Pesticide Program is concerned, to a great extent, with day to day regulatory functions: licensing, inspection, investigation, and the taking of enforcement action when indicated. The program staff also acts as the admin- istrative and technical staff of the Pesticide Board and the subcommittee of that Board and provides technical consultation to other state agencies, muni- ipalities, and to the general public. The latter function, although not specifically found in the law, fills a great need in this time of rapidly changing knowledge and attitudes as regards pesticides and their effects on humans and other components of the environment. The focus of the staff's ac- tivities in this regard is first to aid in the determination of whether or not pesticide use is indicated. If pesticide use is indicated, those pesti- cide uses which are legally possible under the circumstances at hand are dis- cussed. Finally, advice is given as to which of such uses are most suitable for the situation at hand and what precautions or operational proceedures will be likely to minimize the environmental impact of those pesticides which are used. This technical consultation function of the Pesticide Program is as val- uable as the enforcement aspects of tho total program whose major goal is to change the pattern of pesticide use so as to lessen environmental impact. During Fiscal Year 1981, the wide scope of the program's actions included the following : 1. 3649 persons were certified to apply or supervise the application of restricted pesticides. 2. 577 persons were licensed to apply general use pesticides to land of another for hire or to apply restricted pesticides in such circum- stances under the direct supervision of certified persons. 3. 115 persons were licensed as dealers in restricted pesticides. 4. 197 inspections and investigations of pesticides incidents were carried out. 5. 24 enforcement actions were taken. 62 The following data summarize the enforcement aspects of the program: INSPECTION AND INVESTIGATION Use Producer Marketplace Imports Special Regulation PROJECTED 25 30 30 3 4 ACTUAL 54 35 108 SAMPLES COLLECTED Use Producer Marketplace Imports Special Registrations PROJECTED 75 30 30 ACTUAL 91 57 4 ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS TAKEN Administrative Orders Civil or Criminal Actions Licensure Revocation 23 1 The Pesticide Program budget in fiscal year 1981 was as follows! State Appropriations Federal Grant Funds Certification of Applicators of Restricted Pesticides Enforcement Total Funds Available $ 86,745 $ 31,496 $ 18,305 $ 136,546 In fiscal year 1982, the level of funding from federal sources in the certifi- cation program will fall to approximately $15,000. The federal funding for fiscal year 1982 for enforcement activities will rise to approximately $213,082. Federal grant periods do not coincide with state budget years; therefore, the enforcement grant figures for fiscal year 1982 include payments to UMass Medical Center for laboratory services rendered in our fiscal year 1981 as well as grant money transferred to the Office of the Attorney General for legal services render- ed to this program during the same period. 63 PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION Peter C. Kuzmiski, Director Each year the hazards of spreading potential pests on plants and plant products seem to be increasing. The movement of plants between domestic and foreign areas has become commonplace. Travel time now between global areas has di- minished to the point where pests of exotic origin can land here in the matter of a few hours. This jet age of travel has made it imperative that new methods of pest detection and control continue to be developed to protect our agricul- tural and environmental plant production. The inspection of plants in nurseries throughout the Commonwealth is a primary function of the Division. Growing plants are examined to ensure that they are free from injurious plant pests. Nursery inspection allows the plants to enter interstate commerce and to compete in fair trade. Early detection of a pest problem will help to prevent its spread within the nursery, allowing controls to be applied before the condition becomes a major problem. Also, healthy, true-to-name, and pest free plants are guaranteed to the consumer as a result of this inspection service. Each year from 400 to 500 nurseries and greenhouses are inspected and certi- fied. Plants bought and sold, but not grown by individuals or establishments, must also be certified through our nursery agents' license procedure. We have from 300 to 400 agents licensed annually. Surveys or trapping is done to determine the presence or population density of insect pests. This year the Gypsy Moth was a very destructive pest to our woodland and ornamental trees. Over 2 million acres of defoliation was recorded this year. Again the ravages of this pest emphasize the importance of continuing the development of comprehensive methods of control, with less hazard to the environment. Surveys for this pest were made in and around nurseries during the summer and fall months. Trapping for a pest of lawns and gardens, (European Chafer) was conducted this year with no new finds. Strawberry and blueberry nurseries were also inspected for specific pests of these fruit plants. Fruit plants that are closely watched are the currant and gooseberry. These plants act as an alternate host for a serious disea.se called White Pine Blister Rust. In order to prevent the spread of the causal fungus of this dij.ease, the planting of currants or gooseberries is prohibited in certain cities and towns. There are 144 planting sites where this planting is prohibited. The presence of young White Pine stands determines the restrictions of planting in these areas. This is one of our active state plant quarantines that has been in effect since 1966 when the federal quarantine was discontinued and the state assumed the responsi- bility. This Division by statute has the sole authority to promulgate and enforce state plant quarantines. Domestic and foreign plant quarantines are enforced by our personnel in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. These quarantines involve the Gypsy Moth, Brown-Tail Moth, Japanese Beetle, Black Stem Rust, and Post Entry Quarantine. Surveys include Noxious Weeds, Pest Detection, and foreign plant export certification. The Gypsy Moth, Brown-Tail Moth and Japanese Beetle quarantines involve measures to prevent the artificial spread of the insects by inspecting and/or treating regulated articles that liiay help cause such spread. These articles may include plants, soil, out- door furniture, vehicles, stone products, and any article capable of harbouring any form of the insect. 64 One of our beneficial insects is, of course, the honeybee. The inspection of honeybees for their freedom from contagious bee diseases is an important activity of the Division. Besides the production of honey and beeswax, the pollination of our food and fiber crops is the important contribution of this insect. Each year we inspect between 6000 and 7000 colonies of honeybees. Assistance is given to new beekeepers, if necessary, to promote good beekeeping practices. There are over 12,000 known colonies of honeybees in the state and this is a conservative figure, no doubt, as many colonies remain unknown due to the lack of a honeybee colony registration law. Legislation providing for the registering of beehives was again defeated this year. Throughout the year, the Division is busy disseminating information to the public sector relating to many agricultural subjects. Inquiries regarding plant culture, pest control, pesticide use, plant and pest identification are common calls. Information is made available through the media, telephone, and personal visits. The Division maintains a regular weekly and monthly radio program. I Personnel include five permanent and as many as thirteen temporary employees, The budget to sustain the Division this year was $100,200. 65 I E- C > a (1 •a a C 8 o E-< W CO en oo o CO w CO lg ■ rH 00 ►JO CJ^ o ce: o ■^ rH U H CO C^ CO c^ o o o O c "c O o o o o o o • ^ • w rH o OQ 1 tn s r-{ j^ CO dj a\ ^ iH i-i s 00 (1) fep 1 1 1 1 ' O o o 1 o o o o 9 pa o 0) o w hJE-' o<: • • p "S O (jj o-^ CO o o o o o O o o m CM H CM a^ o . rH \D m CM T-i s r^ m m • H t. CO 1 1 1 1 t>- rH * oy uz • O PQ • b 00 N^ o o t^ o o C^ 00 rH «JD o {>- CO \D 00 CO CO CM ta s H rH in m fn m 1 t^ o in 00 So H CM C\] CM rH c- •r- o w ►-1Z •^ OM M3 CJS O • 00 r<^ o (Ti t^ U3 KO ■J- CM CM CTi o CO \£> CM * ^ en c^ in rH (invasion ^2A>tAlction Pfiogfum. OHliiiatlng at tkz KpfvLt 17 2.\JQ.nt MQAQ. VfizdoJvic. Wlntkxop, 3h.. [Idit] , Comynli^ioneA. o^ tkz Ma^-iackuAzXti Ve.paAXmznt oi food and AgnlcultuAz , and U.S. SzcJizZaxy ol AgfUcuZtuAe. John R. Block [iizatzd fiJght] . Zre/tat^lmenl n/ iJ'ood and Sii^ricuuure ^Levet^ t/allonUau ZJOaimina, ^aver^menl Center ^00 ^mftlr^ %^ef, 3§oildfi. 02202 A took back out t/eaA'4 end pfiovid^^ ^yiiight ion. ^e iutuAz. Corribinzd in this publication oAc a ne-vieu) o^ thu activiXiu, o^ thJji VcpoAtrmnt dixAinQ iiAcat yzoA 19S2, and oIao a 6tatu,ticaZ 6ammaAy o^ {fOAm pfiodaction in MaMiachuieXti ^on. the. 19 SI cAop ycoA. Ca^h fizcdpt^ inom iaxm maAk2ting6 fio^o. ifiom $296,864,000 in 19S0 to a kigh oi $321 ,540 ,000 . Rcccipti weAe up on. held ittady in IS o^ thz 25 majon ioAm categonlu. Vnamatlc incn.ea^eA> woAz noted in cAanbenny, dainy and maple pnoduction, though the adven^e impact ol inflation hoi not been ^actoned into the^e i>tatU>tlcj> . Cnop pnoduction ^on 19S2 Milt 6unely be a^ected by the ieveAe nxUn^ and flooding that inundated the 6tate dwiing June. A bnlght note will moit likely be cnanbeAAy pnoduction, om all indications ane that toe MiJLt •4ee the laAge^t cnop eveA in Mcw^ac^u^etti, which -ci again thii, yean, the leading cnanbeAny pnoducing 6tate. The de.velopment o^ new mankets ion oun native agnA.cuttun.at pnoducti, continued a6 a pnionity duning the past yean, as you witZ nead in oun Vepantment.al annual nepont. You MilJt note, too, that thejie has been iigniiicant pnogneA6 in oun eHonts to pnotect ioAmland acn.06S the state. I hope that you u.iilt neview the chants and statlsticA in the section in this Kgnicuttunat Pnesenvation Restriction Pnognam as weUL as the yeanZy mponts inom alt oi oun. vanious divisions and oHices. Theln achievejnents ane impnesiive. Ai, in past ueans, the i>tatls,ticat nepont in thi^ publication u)as compiled by the Wew England Cnop and Livestock Reponling seAvice oi the U.S. Vepantment oi Kgnicuttune. We ane gnateiul ion theln iine woAk and ion all the contnibutions oi the staH in the Uas6achu6elts Vepantment oi Food and Agnicuttune. SinceAeZy, fncdenic Winthnop, Jn. Commissionen TABLE OF CONTENTS LIVESTOCK Highlights 1 Cattle and Calves 3 Hogs and Pigs 5 Sheep and Lambs 7 DAIRY Highlights g Manufactured Dairy 9 Quarterly Mi 1 k Producti on 10 Annual Milk Disposition and Monthly Price H POULTRY Highlights I3 Chickens ]3 Eggs 14 Turkeys 15 CROPS Highl ights 16 Corn for Silage I7 Hay 17 Potatoes 18 Tobacco 19 FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Highlights 20 Cranberries 21 Apples 22 Peaches 23 Sweet Corn 23 Tomatoes 23 MISCELLANEOUS Maple 24 Floriculture 25 Massachusetts Rank Among States 28 Fann Numbers 28 Fertilizer 29 Prices Paid 29 Farm Balance Sheet 30 Production Expenses 30 Gross Farm Income 30 Cash Receipts 31 Farm Production Expenditures - Northeast 32 Consumpti on 34 PHOTOGRAPHS OF DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES SECTION II— ANNUAL REPORT, STATE DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Board of Food and Agri cul ture. Staff Members 36 Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program 38 Division of Agricultural Land Use...„.o o h6 Division of Animal Health o 0....48 Annual Report of the Counsel o..51 Division of Dairying o 53 Division of Fairs, Thoroughbred and Standardbred Horse Programs 5^ Division of Markets » <> ooo o57 Milk Market i ngo 63 Pest i cide Program 64 Plant Pest Control Division „„„ 66 State Reclamation Board o - o ... .70 Centerfold Photo Captions o , o o . . . « .72 COVER PHOTO: At bogs owned by Decas Cranberry Company in Carver, helicopter lifts a large crate containing 1000 pounds (10 barrels) of cranberries. This technique speeds up the harvest operation, dramatically reduces damage to cranberry vines, and saves on labor expenseso Also, it helps increase cranberry production; Waiting to assist in the innovative harvest procedure used on dry harvested bogs is John Co Decas (left). Photo by UP! photographer George Rileyo MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FREDERIC WINTHROP, JR., COMMISSIONER TOO CAMBRIDGE STREET BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02202 (617) 727-3000 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE JOHN R. BLOCK, SECRETARY STATISTICAL REPORTING SERVICE WILLIAM E. KIBLER, ADMINISTRATOR COMPILED BY: NEW ENGLAND CROP AND LIVESTOCK REPORTING SERVICE 6 LOUDON ROAD CONCORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE 03301 CHARLES W. HAMMOND, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICIAN IN CHARGE ROWLAND R. SCRANTON, ASSISTANT STATISTICIAN IN CHARGE BEVERLY A. LACROIX, ADMINISTRATIVE STATISTICIANS SUPPORT STAFF RICHARD BLOOD LYNNE ARSENAULT JOHN KETCHAM MARY BOURGEOIS TOM MARR JOSEPHINE EYSSI DAVID MUELLER CAROLYN HANSON ROBIN J. RIPPLE LAWRENCE KELLY JOAN PARKER SUPERVISORY FIELD ENUMERATORS LEAH ROCHA HELEN BARDWELL, HATFIELD JOYCE SUPRY JEAN GIBBS, CARVER ADRIENNE ZAPPIA LIVESTOCK HIGHLIGHTS CAHLE AND CALVES The inventory of cattle and calves in Massachusetts on January 1, 1982 totaled 96,000 head, 8 percent less than January 1, 1981. This inventory consisted of 45,000 milk cows; 10,000 beef cows; 17,000 heifer replacements; 6,000 steers and bulls and 18,000 calves. The current trend is for more beef cows and fewer milk cows. The 1981 calf crop (calves born) of 45,000 head was unchanged from 1980. The inventory value on January 1, 1982 averaged a record high value of $800 per head, $15 more than the previous year. With the reduced inventory number, the value only totaled $76.8 million, 6 percent below the record total value set on January 1 , 1981. The 1981 production of cattle and calves totaled 46,000 head with a total live weight of 24.0 million pounds, 1.4 million pounds less than 1980 production. Marketings in 1981 numbered 46,000 head of cattle and calves at a total live weight of 25.6 million pounds, up 2.3 million pounds from 1980. SHEEP AND LAMBS Sheep and lamb inventory in Massachusetts on January 1, 1982 totaled 8,000 head, 11 percent above January 1, 1981 and the largest number since January 1, 1971. Sheep and lamb inventory numbers have been increasing since 1979. Inventory value for the January 1, 1982 flock was a record high $872,000, up 38 percent from January 1, 1981, due to increases in both inventory numbers and value per head. The January 1, 1982 value per head was a record high $109, up from the $88 value per head on January 1, 1981. The lamb crop in 1981 totaled 6,800 head, up 21 percent from the lamb crop in 1980 and the largest lamb crop since 1969. The 1981 production of sheep and lambs numbered 4,800 head with a total live weight of 423,000 pounds, down 1 percent from the total live weight produced in 1980. Gross income from the 1981 sheep and lamb production was a record high $286,000, up from the 1980 gross income of $268,000. Sheep and lamb marketings numbered 4,000 head at a total live weight of 207,000 pounds, down 31 percent from the live weight in 1980 and the lowest since 1944. WOOL Wool production of 49,000 pounds in 1981 was up 2,000 pounds from the 1980 total and the largest production since 1974. There were 7,000 head of sheep shorn in 1981, 200 above the 1980 total and the largest number shorn since 1972. Weight per fleece averaged 7.0 pounds in 1981, up from the 6.9 pounds per fleece in 1980. The value of wool production in 1981 was $44,000 or $3,000 more than in 1980 and the largest since 1957. Farmers received a record 90t per pound for wool in 1981, up 2t per pound from the 884 per pound in 1980. HOGS AND PIGS The inventory of hogs and pigs in Massachusetts on December 1, 1981 totaled 49,000 head, unchanged from the record low set in 1980. The inventory included 12 percent breeding animals and 88 percent animals intended for market. The value of the December 1, 1981 inventory totaled $3.9 million, 7 percent more than on December 1, 1980, but 15 percent below the record high 1978 inventory value. The average value per head was a record high $79.50 on December 1, 1981, up from the $74.50 on December 1, 1980. The pig crop for 1981 (December 1980-November 1981) of 58,000 head was down 11 percent from the 65,000 in 1980. Sows farrowing for the year totaled 9,000 head, 1,000 below the number that farrowed in 1980. The litter size in 1981 averaged 6.4 pigs, below the 6.5 pigs per litter in 1980. The spring (December-May) pig crop for 1981 totaled 26,000 head, down 13 percent from the 1980 spring crop. The 1981 fall (June- November) pig crop totaled 32,000, down 9 percent from the 1980 fall crop. The 1981 hog production of 56,000 head, with a record low total live weight of 13.3 million pounds, was down 19 percent from the total live weight production in 1980. The gross income from hog production in 1981 was $5.8 million, down 11 percent from the $6.5 million in 1980. Farmers marketings in 1981 of 55,000 head, with a total live weight of 12.8 million pounds, were 21 percent fewer pounds than in 1980 and the lowest since 1926. HONEY PRODUCTION Apiarists in Massachusetts kept 11,000 bee colonies in 1981, 1,000 colonies less than in 1980. Although weather conditions were favorable in 1981 for honey production, many colonies were damaged from spraying for the gypsy moths which held production to 253,000 pounds, down from the 288,000 pounds in 1980. Yield per colony in 1981 was 23 pounds compared to 24 pounds in 1980. The 1981 value of production was $279,000, less than the $294,000 in 1980. Apiarists in 1981 received a record high average price of $1.04 per pound, up from the $1.02 per pound received in 1980. CATTLE: NUMBER AND VALUE OF ALL CATTLE AND CALVES ON FARMS JANUARY 1, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1982 YFAR NUMBER VALUE PER HEAD TOTAL 1.000 Head Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars 1971 111 270 29,970 1972 no 290 31,900 1973 m 335 37,185 1974 105 420 44,100 1975 107 315 33,705 1976 107 345 36,915 1977 104 380 39,520 1978 99 415 41 ,085 1979 102 560 57,120 1980 104 685 71,240 1981 104 785 81 ,640 1982 96 800 76,800 CATTLE: JANUARY 1, INVENTORY BY CLASSES, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1982 YEAR ALL CATTLE AND CALVES COWS & HEIFERS THAT HAVE CALVED BEEF MILK HEIFERS 500 LBS. & OVER BEEF COW REPLACEMENTS MILK COW REPLACEMENTS OTHER REPLACEMENTS STEERS 500 LBS. + BULLS 500 LBS. + STEERS, HEIFERS & BULLS -500 LBS. 1971 111 7 1972 110 8 1973 m 8 1974 105 8 1975 107 9 1976 107 9 1977 104 9 1978 99 8 1979 102 10 1980 104 10 1981 104 10 1982 96 10 60 58 57 54 54 55 53 51 49 45 45 45 1,000 Head 15 15 16 15 17 17 17 16 16 16 14 13 21 21 22 20 19 18 18 17 19 24 24 18 CATTLE AND CALVES: PRODUCTION AND INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR PRODUCTION MARKETINGS PRICE PER 100 POUNDS CATTLE CALVES VALUE OF HOME CONSUMPTION GROSS INCOME 1,000 Pounds Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1971 23,175 32,495 21.10 28.00 363 7,443 1972 24,660 32,020 24.20 34.00 416 8,441 1973 28,875 40,115 33.50 44.00 576 14,293 1974 30,405 32,845 27.50 28.00 473 9,516 1975 35,060 27,812 22.40 24.20 925 7,217 1976 33,620 40,230 26.00 28.50 559 11,071 1977 33,240 40,790 26.20 38.20 676 11,591 1978 27,080 26,560 41.90 57.00 1,441 12,846 1979 21,340 21,754 57.00 76.00 1,520 14,248 1980 25,430 23,300 55.00 71.00 1,656 14,673 1981 24,040 25,570 50.00 63.00 1,290 14,390 CATTLE AND CALVES: INVENTORY, SUPPLY, AND DISPOSITION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 ALL CATTLE ON HAND CALF CROP INSHIPMENTS MARKETINGS FARM SLAUGHTER DEATHS YEAR CATTLE JAN. 1 CATTLE CALVES AND CALVES CATTLE CALVES 1 ,000 Head 1971 111 50 12 29 37 1 2 4 1972 no 60 11 29 33 1 2 5 1973 in 57 10 33 30 1 3 6 1974 105 55 8 27 26 1 2 5 1975 107 56 7 32 22 1 2 6 1976 107 55 7 34 22 1 2 6 1977 104 52 7 35 20 1 2 6 1978 99 50 5 23 19 2 2 6 1979 102 47 1 19 18 1 2 6 1980 104 45 1 21 14 1 3 7 1981 104 45 1 24 22 1 2 5 MASSACHUSETTS CATTLE INVENTORY NUMBERS Number (1,000 Head) Number (1,000 Head) - 120 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 HOGS: NUMBER AND VALUE ON FARMS DECEMBER 1, MASSACHUSETTS, 1970-1981 YEAR NUMBER VALUE BREEDING MARKET TOTAL PER HEAD TOTAL 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1,000 Head 11 62 73 9 64 73 9 54 63 10 50 60 8 43 51 8 42 50 7 43 50 8 52 60 8 52 60 9 51 60 7 42 49 6 43 49 ollars 1 ,000 Dollars 28.50 2,081 32.00 2,336 37.50 2.363 62.50 3,750 48.00 2,448 64.50 3,225 50.50 2,525 59.50 3,570 76.50 4,590 55.50 3,330 74.50 3,651 79.50 3,896 HOGS: PIG CROP, SOWS FARROWED AND PIGS SAVED, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR SPRING CROP (DEC - MAY) SOWS PIGS PER LITTER PIGS SAVED FALL CROP (JUN - NOV) SOWS PIGS PER LITTER PIGS SAVED TOTAL PIG CROP 1,000 Head Head 1 ,000 Head 1,000 Head Head 1,000 Head 1,000 Head 1971 7.6 6.7 51 7.4 6.3 47 98 1972 7.0 6.3 44 7.0 6.2 43 87 1973 7.0 6.0 42 7.1 6.0 43 85 1974 7.0 6.0 42 6.8 6.0 41 83 1975 7.0 6.2 43 6.8 5.7 39 82 1976 6.6 6.8 45 5.7 6.5 37 82 1977 5.0 6.9 35 6.5 6.6 43 78 1978 5.0 7.2 36 6.0 6.8 41 77 1979 6.0 6.5 39 6.5 6.5 42 81 1980 4.0 7.4 30 6.0 5.8 35 65 1981 4.0 6.6 26 5.0 6.4 32 58 HOGS: INVENTORY NUMBER, PIG CROP AND DISPOSITION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR ON HAND DECEMBER PREVIOUS YEAR 1st PIG CROP MARKETINGS FARM SLAUGHTER nFATHS DEC - MAY JUN - NOV 1,000 Head 1971 73 51 47 88 9 1972 73 44 43 89 7 1973 63 42 43 80 7 1974 60 42 41 86 5 1975 51 43 39 78 4 1976 50 45 37 75 6 1977 50 35 43 61 6 1978 60 36 41 71 5 1979 60 39 42 76 4 1980 60 30 35 71 2 3 1981 49 26 32 55 1 2 YEAR HOGS: PRODUCTION AND INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 PRODUCTION MARKETINGS PRICE PER 100 POUNDS VALUE OF HOME CONSUMPTION GROSS INCOME 1 ,000 Pounds Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars 1971 19,746 19,556 17.50 77 3,499 1972 19,191 19,835 25.00 no 5,069 1973 18,862 18,068 37.00 171 6,856 1974 18,764 19,910 33.00 254 6,824 1975 19,100 18,260 45.00 347 8,564 1976 17,891 17,378 45.00 354 8,174 1977 15,832 14,063 37.00 291 5,494 1978 17,211 16,640 45.00 304 7,792 1979 18,640 17,820 44.00 297 8,138 1980 16,412 16,185 37.00 500 6,488 1981 13,267 12,825 43.00 290 5,805 TREND IN DECEMBER 1 INVENTORY, PIG CROP, MARKETINGS AND PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1972-1981 Thousand Head 90 - 80 70 - 60 - 50 40 H December 1, Inventory Previous Year (1,000 Head) n Pig Crop (1 ,000 Head) B Marketings (Million Pounds) ■ Production (Million Pounds) Million Pounds 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 SHEEP AND LAMBS: INVENTORY NUMBER BY CLASS AND VALUE, JANUARY 1, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971 -1982 LAMBS ONE YEAR AND OVER ALL SHEEP AND LAMBS VALUE YEAR ALL LAMBS EWES WETHERS AND RAMS EWES WETHERS AND RAMS PER HEAD TOTAL 1 ,000 Head 1,000 Head 1 ,000 Head Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars 1971 1.7 1.4 .3 5.9 .6 8.2 20.00 164 1972 1.4 1.0 .4 5.8 .6 7.8 20.00 156 1973 1.4 1.0 .4 5.5 .6 7.5 28.00 210 1974 1.4 1.0 .4 5.0 .5 6.9 40.00 276 1975 1.5 1.1 .4 5.1 .4 7.0 46.50 326 1976 1.5 1.1 .4 5.3 .4 7.2 46.00 331 1977 1.4 1.0 .4 4.9 .4 6.7 48.00 322 1978 1.6 1.1 .5 4.7 .5 6.8 53.50 364 1979 1.3 1.0 .3 4.9 .5 6.7 63.00 422 1980 1.6 1.2 .4 5.0 .5 7.1 78.50 557 1981 1.6 1.2 .4 5.1 .5 7.2 88.00 634 1982 1.9 1.4 .5 5.6 .5 8.0 109.00 872 SHEEP AND LAMBS: INVENTORY NUMBERS, LAMB CROP AND DISPOSITION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR ALL SHEEP AND LAMBS ON HAND JANUARY 1 LAMB CROP MARKETINGS FARM SLAUGHTER SHEEP AND LAMBS DEATHS SHEEP LAMBS SHEEP AND LAMBS 1971 8.2 1972 7.8 1973 7.5 1974 6.9 1975 7.0 1976 7.2 1977 6.7 1978 6.8 1979 6.7 1980 7.1 1981 7.2 1,000 Head 6.2 1.4 3.8 0.3 5.6 1.5 3.1 0.2 5.3 1.5 2.9 0.4 5.2 1.2 2.6 0.2 5.5 0.9 2.9 0.4 5.6 1.5 3.3 0.3 5.7 1.1 3.1 0.4 5.3 1.0 2.9 0.5 5.1 0.8 2.5 0.5 5.6 1.2 2.7 0.6 6.8 0.7 3.3 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 SHEEP AND LAMBS: PRODUCTION AND INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 PRODUCTION MARKETINGS 1 ,000 Pounds 440 443 382 397 366 395 349 318 372 296 382 393 431 357 406 329 382 246 428 300 PRICE PER 100 POUNDS SHEEP LAMBS 10.00 12.00 14.00 17.00 26.00 28.00 29.00 38.00 39.00 42.00 Dollars 25.50 32.50 41.00 37.00 68.00 72.00 72.00 84.00 85.00 77.00 VALUE OF HOME CONSUMPTION GROSS INCOME 1,000 Dollars 9 100 7 105 21 133 10 101 35 193 35 244 46 244 67 282 82 245 89 268 1981 423 207 45.00 100.00 127 286 WOOL: FARM PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR SHEEP WEIGHT PER SHORN WOOL PRICE VALUE SHORN FLEECE PRODUCTION PER POUND 1 ,000 Head Pounds 1 ,000 Pounds Cents 1,000 Dollars 1971 7.7 6.9 53 31 16 1972 7.2 7.2 52 34 18 1973 6.9 7.2 50 71 36 1974 6.6 7.4 49 62 30 1975 6.4 7.2 46 31 14 1976 6.7 6.9 46 60 28 1977 6.2 7.1 44 78 34 1978 6.3 6.8 43 74 32 1979 6.6 6.8 45 84 38 1980 6.8 6.9 47 88 41 1981 7.0 7.0 49 90 44 BEES, HONEY AND BEESWAX: COLONIES OF BEES, PRODUCTION, PRICE PER POUND AND VALUE OF PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR COLONIES OF BEES HONEY YIELD PER COLONY PRODUCTION PRICE PER POUND VALUE OF PRODUCTION BEESWAX PRODUCTION PRICE PER POUND VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1.000 Pounds 1 ,000 Pounds Cents 1,000 Dollars 1 ,000 Pounds Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars 1971 9 25 225 42.2 95 5 .80 4 1972 9 19 171 50.0 86 3 .75 2 1973 9 26 234 66.8 156 4 .90 4 1974 12 16 192 81.2 156 4 1.10 4 1975 12 27 324 96.9 314 8 1.10 9 1976 12 19 228 101.0 230 4 1.10 4 1977 12 22 264 103.0 272 5 1.50 8 1978 12 35 420 103.0 433 6 1.60 10 1979 12 33 396 83.1 329 6 1.60 10 1980 12 24 288 102.0 294 6 1.85 11 1981 11 23 253 104.0 279 4 1.93 8 DAIRY HIGHLIGHTS MILK PRODUCTION Milk production from Massachusetts farms totaled 578 million pounds in 1981, 1 percent more than in 1980, and the largest production since 1977. The average number of milk cows in Massachusetts during 1981 was 46,000 head, unchanged from the 1980 record low. The number of milk cows have generally been on a decline since 1944. The 1981 rate per cow of 12,565 pounds continues the long term upward trend with an increase of 174 pounds above the 1980 average. MILK DISPOSITION AND BLEND PRICE Dairymen in the Commonwealth marketed 569 million pounds in 1981, an increase of 9 million pounds from the 1980 total and the largest amount since 1977. The average price received for milk marketed in 1981 averaged $15.11 per cwt., 87(t greater than the 1980 average, and continuing the upward trend. With both an increase in the amount marketed and average price, the 1981 cash receipts rose 8 percent above 1980 and totaled almost $86 million. MANUFACTURED DAIRY Massachusetts ice cream production during 1981 totaled 43 million gallons, 2 percent below 1980 but 2 per- cent above 1979. Although ice cream production was down in the Commonwealth, the production of cheese, ice milk and milk sherbet was all above the 1980 totals. MANUFACTURED DAIRY: PRODUCTION MAJOR PRODUCTS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR TOTAL CHEESE ICE CREAM ICE MILK MILK SHERBET 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1,000 Pounds 7.268 6,416 5.976 5,412 5,288 6,123 5,786 7,780 6,255 5,099 8,559 40,455 41,025 42,302 43,607 47,761 46,320 45.255 42,909 42,463 43,986 43,193 1,000 Gallons 7,514 2,556 8,802 2,393 7,742 2,330 9,611 2,186 9,177 1,985 7.246 2,116 7,483 2,180 9,779 2,102 10,454 1,829 9,817 1,992 10,173 2,089 MILK COWS: AVERAGE NUMBER ON FARMS, BY QUARTERS AND ANNUAL , MASSACHUSETTS, 1971 - 1981 YEAR JAN - MAR APR - JUN JUL - SEPT OCT - DEC ANNUAL 1,000 Head 1971 60 59 58 58 59 1972 57 57 57 57 57 1973 56 55 54 54 55 1974 54 54 54 54 54 1975 55 54 54 55 55 1976 55 54 53 53 54 1977 52 51 51 51 51 1978 50 48 48 49 49 1979 49 48 47 46 48 1980 46 46 46 46 46 1981 45 45 46 46 46 MILK PRODUCTION: AVERAGE PER COW, BY QUARTERS AND ANNUAL, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971 - 1981 YEAR JAN - MAR APR - JUN JUL - SEPT OCT - DEC ANNUAL Pounds 1971 2,700 2,950 2,810 1972 2,795 2,965 2.650 1973 2.715 2,930 2,610 1974 2,705 2,945 2,720 1975 2,725 2,960 2,720 1976 2,735 2,950 2.760 1977 2,850 3,060 2,890 1978 2,900 3,110 2,920 1979 2,920 3,090 2,940 1980 3,110 3,240 3,000 2.740 11.150 2.580 11.035 2,610 10.818 2.610 10.981 2,620 10.927 2,700 11,074 2.870 11.706 2.820 11.673 2.980 11.792 3.050 12.391 1981 3,180 3,350 3,090 3,080 12,565 MILK PRODUCTION. BY QUARTERS AND ANNUAL, MASSACHUSETTS. 1971 - 1981 YEAR JAN - MAR APR - JUN JUL - SEPT OCT - DEC ANNUAL Million Pounds 1971 162 174 163 159 658 1972 162 169 151 147 629 1973 152 161 141 141 595 1974 146 159 147 141 593 1975 150 160 147 144 601 1976 150 159 146 143 598 1977 148 156 147 146 597 1978 145 149 140 138 572 1979 143 148 138 137 566 1980 143 149 138 140 570 1981 143 151 142 142 578 10 1981 MILK: QUANTITY MARKETED, PRICE AND CASH RECEIPTS. MASSACHUSETTS, 1971 - 1981 SOLD TO PLANTS SOLD DIRECTLY TO CONSUMERS COMBINED MARKETINGS YEAR QUANTITY PRICE PER CWT. CASH RECEIPTS QUANTITY PRICE PER QUART CASH RECEIPTS QUANTITY PRICE PER CWT. CASH RECEIPTS Million Pounds Dollars 1,000 Dollars Million Quarts Cents 1,000 Dollars Million Pounds Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1971 600 6.96 41,760 20.9 31 6,488 645 7.48 48,248 1972 580 7.23 41,934 17.2 32 5,507 617 7.69 47,441 1973 550 8.22 45,210 15.3 35 5,372 583 8.58 50,582 1974 550 9.50 52,250 14.4 40 5,768 581 9.99 58,018 1975 555 9.65 53,588 15.8 40 6,326 589 10.17 59,884 1976 550 10.70 58,850 16.7 42 7,032 586 11.24 65,882 1977 550 10.70 58,850 16.7 42 7,032 586 11.24 65,882 1978 530 11.50 60,950 14.9 43 6,400 562 11.98 67,350 1979 525 12.80 67,200 14.4 46 6,633 556 13.28 73,833 1980 530 13.70 72,610 14.0 51 7,116 560 14.24 79,726 540 14.60 78,840 13.5 53 7,149 569 15.11 85,989 MILK: QUANTITIES USED AND MARKETED BY FARMERS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971 - 1981 YEAR TOTAL PRODUCED MILK, USED ON FARMS WHERE PRODUCED USED FOR MILK, CREAM AND BUTTER FED TO CALVES TOTAL MILK MARKETED BY FARMERS SOLD TO PLANTS AND DEALERS SOLD DIRECTLY TO CONSUMERS TOTAL Million Pounds 1971 658 8 5 13 600 45 645 1972 629 7 5 12 580 37 617 1973 595 7 5 12 550 33 583 1974 593 7 5 12 550 31 581 1975 601 7 5 12 555 34 589 1976 598 7 5 12 550 36 586 1977 597 6 5 11 550 36 586 1978 572 5 5 10 530 32 562 1979 566 4 6 10 525 31 556 1980 570 4 6 10 530 30 560 1981 578 4 5 9 540 29 569 YEAR MILK: SOLD TO PLANTS, MONTHLY AND ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICE PER 100 POUNDS RECEIVED BY FARMERS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971 - 1981 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL I AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Dollars ANNUAL AVERAGE 1971 7.05 7.05 6.90 6.65 6.45 6.30 6.75 7.05 7.30 7.40 7.45 7.30 6.96 1972 7.20 7.25 7.00 6.70 6.65 6.50 6.95 7.45 7.80 7.95 7.95 7.65 7.23 1973 7.70 7.75 7.55 7.30 7.20 7.20 7.75 8.55 9.25 9.55 9.80 9.70 8.22 1974 9.80 9.90 9.85 9.80 9.25 8.50 8.90 9.40 9.70 9.80 10.00 9.45 9.50 1975 9.55 9.50 9.15 8.95 8.50 8.35 9.05 9.65 10.30 10.80 11.10 11.20 9.65 1976 11.10 10.80 10.70 10.00 9.90 9.75 10.40 11.00 11.30 11.50 11.20 10.70 10.70 1977 10.60 10.50 10.20 10.20 9.90 10.00 10.50 10.90 11.20 11.40 11.40 11.20 10.70 1978 11.10 11.20 11.00 10.70 10.70 10.60 11.00 11.60 12.10 12.70 12.90 12.70 11.50 1979 12.70 12.80 12.50 12.20 12.00 12.00 12.50 13.10 13.40 13.80 13.90 13.40 12.80 1980 13.60 13.40 13.30 13.00 13.00 12.80 13.30 13.70 14.20 14.70 14.80 14.70 13.70 1981 14.90 14.70 14.50 14.30 14.00 13.80 14.30 14.60 14.90 15.20 15.00 14.80 14.60 11 MILK: FARM PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS SOLD, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR NUMBER OF MILK COWS ON FARMS PRODUCTION PER MILK COW MILK MILKFAT PERCENTAGE OF FAT IN ALL MILK PRODUCED TOTAL MILK MILKFAT FARM VALUE OF MILK PRODUCED Thousands 1971 59 11,153 1972 57 11,035 1973 55 10,818 1974 54 10,981 1975 55 10,927 1976 54 11,074 1977 51 11,706 1978 49 11,673 1979 48 11,792 1980 46 12,391 1981 46 Pounds 12,565 414 409 395 402 397 405 431 428 429 447 456 Percent 3.71 3.71 3.65 3.66 3.63 3.66 3.68 3.67 3.64 3.61 3.63 Million Pounds 658 629 595 593 601 598 597 572 566 570 578 24 23 22 22 22 22 22 21 21 21 21 1,000 Dollars 49,218 48,370 51,646 59,241 61,122 67,215 67,103 68,526 75,165 81,168 87,336 TREND IN MILK COWS, PRODUCTION AND FAT TEST, MASSACHUSETTS, 1972-1981 % Of 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 12 POULTRY HIGHLIGHTS CHICKENS The December 1, 1981 inventory of chickens on farms (excluding broilers) in Massachusetts totaled 1.6 mil- lion birds, 10 percent uelow a year ago, and 7 percent below the inventory on December 1, 1979. The inven- tory revealed that the number of hens of laying age on December 1, 1981 increased 1 percent, while the number of pullets of laying age was 23 percent below the 1980 total. Total value of all chickens on hand in the state on December 1 was $4.1 million, slightly lower than the year before. Poultrymen marketed 9.1 million pounds of poultry during 1981 at 9.0 cents per pound compared to 6.3 million pounds at 8.3 cents per pound the previous year. EGGS For the fourth consecutive year, egg production declined as 321 million eggs were produced, 2 percent lower than the previous year and the lowest since 1932. The average daily rate of lay per 100 birds was a record 67.4 eggs per day, surpassing the previous record of 67.0 set in 1979. A record 86.0 cents per dozen allowed egg producers to gross 23.0 million dollars, the largest amount since 1969. TURKEYS Massachusetts fanners during 1981 raised 145,000 turkeys, 19,000 more than the year before. The value of production increased to $2.3 million, due to the increased numbers as the price per pound was U lower than the 1980 average. POULTRY: INVENTORY BY CLASS AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, DECEMBER 1, 1970-1981 YEAR CHICKENS, EXCLUDING BROILERS HENS AND PULLETS OF LAYING AGE HENS PULLETS PULLETS NOT OF LAYING AGE 3 MONTHS AND OLDER UNDER 3 MONTHS OTHER TOTAL VALUE PER HEAD TOTAL VALUE 1 ,000 Head Dollars - 1,000 Dollars 1970 884 1,415 228 271 54 2,852 1.90 5,419 1971 886 1,313 288 249 33 2,769 1.85 5,123 1972 729 1,069 228 221 32 2,279 1.40 3,191 1973 896 807 251 255 31 2,240 2.00 4,480 1974 772 939 224 271 31 2,237 2.10 4,698 1975 725 786 293 268 19 2,091 2.35 4,914 1976 593 782 239 241 15 1,870 2.40 4,488 1977 465 1,005 290 180 50 1,990 2.05 4,080 1978 550 620 196 174 40 1,580 2.05 3,239 1979 617 755 126 197 31 1,726 2.15 3,711 1980 644 811 108 209 18 1,790 2.30 4,117 1981 650 622 141 153 37 1,603 2.55 4,088 13 POULTRY: AVERAGE NUMBER OF LAYERS BY MONTH AMD ANNUAL, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 MONTH 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 ANNUAL Thousands DECEMBER 1/ JANUARY FEBRUARY 2,313 2,339 2,325 2,188 2,166 2,091 1,800 1,813 1,790 1,717 1,676 1,602 1,751 1,742 1,715 1,504 1,496 1,474 1,434 1,501 1,515 1,447 1,402 1,440 1,253 1,338 1,400 1,342 1,320 1,331 1,412 1,362 1,322 MARCH APRIL MAY 2,298 2,235 2,200 2,026 2,036 2,046 1,740 1,717 1,704 1,565 1,536 1,530 1,743 1,718 1,668 1,429 1,401 1,408 1,509 1,514 1,539 1,500 1,503 1,484 1,480 1,435 1,385 1,339 1,332 1,318 1,326 1,334 1,293 JUNE JULY AUGUST 2,227 2,271 2,314 2,005 1,974 1,944 1,674 1,668 1,680 1,533 1,550 1,591 1,637 1,662 1,679 1,428 1,415 1,400 1,519 1,521 1,515 1,392 1,340 1,388 1,395 1,421 1,416 1,300 1,309 1,355 1,220 1,195 1,211 SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER 2,280 2,256 2.233 1,904 1,894 1,841 1,675 1,687 1,700 1,633 1,676 1,705 1,614 1,566 1,537 1,399 1,406 1,398 1,435 1,401 1,440 1,395 1,383 1,280 1,365 1,373 1,384 1,383 1,387 1,420 1,272 1,368 1.329 2,274 2,010 1,721 1,610 1,669 1,430 1,487 1,413 1,387 1,345 1,304 EGGS: DAILY RATE OF LAY BY MONTHS AND ANNUAL, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 MONTH 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 Percent DECEMBER 1/ JANUARY FEBRUARY 61.4 62.4 62.2 62.6 63.7 63.7 63.0 61.7 62.8 65.4 64.7 64.1 64.0 64.5 64.1 65.5 65.0 64.5 65.3 65.2 63.9 63.1 64.5 66.0 67.0 67.1 67.6 67.3 66.0 67.3 66.3 63.9 64.8 MARCH APRIL MAY 61.5 61.2 61.8 63.9 63.6 63.3 62.7 64.5 66.3 64.2 64.4 65.2 64.6 67.0 68.0 65.8 67.8 68.3 64.4 65.5 66.9 65.0 65.7 67.2 67.9 67.1 64.9 67.5 67.6 66.1 68.1 67.5 70.0 JUNE JULY AUGUST 62.6 62.3 61.5 64.8 64.9 63.7 63.8 60.7 61.0 65.4 65.0 63.6 67.5 66.3 66.0 67.3 66.0 64.0 69.3 66.0 63.4 67.9 67.4 66.2 64.7 66.4 66.7 66.7 66.5 61.9 71.0 67.5 69.3 SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER 60.7 60.7 61.4 62.1 61.6 63.9 62.1 61.8 63.2 61.7 62.0 63.5 65.8 65.8 66.3 62.3 63.5 65.3 64.4 65.1 64.7 66.3 66.8 66.8 67.3 67.0 67.9 62.7 67.5 68.1 68.1 66.0 67.7 ANNUAL 61.7 63.3 62.6 64.0 66.0 65.5 65.4 66.1 67.0 66.2 67.4 EGGS: TOTAL PRODUCTION BY MONTHS AND ANNUAL, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 MONTH 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 ANNUAL Million DECEMBER 1/ 44 42 35 35 35 31 29 28 26 28 29 JANUARY 45 43 35 34 35 30 30 28 28 27 27 FEBRUARY 41 39 31 29 31 28 27 27 27 26 24 MARCH 44 40 34 31 35 29 30 30 31 28 28 APRIL 41 39 33 30 35 28 30 30 29 27 27 MAY 42 40 35 31 35 30 32 31 28 27 28 JUNE 42 39 32 30 33 29 32 28 27 26 26 JULY 44 40 31 31 34 29 31 28 29 27 25 AUGUST 44 38 32 31 34 28 30 28 29 26 26 SEPTEMBER 42 35 31 30 32 26 28 28 28 26 26 OCTOBER 42 36 32 32 32 28 28 29 29 29 28 NOVEMBER 41 35 32 32 31 27 28 26 28 29 27 512 466 393 376 402 343 355 341 339 326 321 ]_/ Previous year 14 CHICKENS: PRODUCTION, DISPOSITION AND GROSS INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR NUMBER OF BIRDS PRODUCED CONSUMED SOLD LIVEWEIGHT PRODUCED CONSUMED SOLD PRICE PER POUND GROSS INCOME 1,000 Head 1,000 Pounds Cents 1,000 Dollars 1971 1,630 13 1,700 8,895 61 9,350 8.5 800 1972 1,503 12 1,981 8,273 55 10,697 9.5 1 ,021 1973 1,673 12 1,700 8,676 55 9,010 15.4 1 ,396 1974 1,706 12 1,697 10,037 55 10,012 10.3 1 ,037 1975 1,371 11 1,506 7,111 51 7,982 10.3 827 1976 1,090 11 1,300 6,186 51 7,150 13.3 958 1977 1,331 11 1,200 7,475 51 6,600 11.3 752 1978 901 11 1,300 5,134 51 7,150 12.3 885 1979 1,057 11 900 5,835 51 4,950 13.2 660 1980 1,225 11 1,150 6,708 51 6,325 8.3 529 1981 1,474 11 1,650 8,266 51 9,075 9.0 822 EGGS: PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR EGGS PRODUCED EGGS SOLD PRICE PER DOZEN CASH INCOME FROM FARM SALES GROSS INCOME 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 Mill ions 512 511 466 465 393 392 376 375 402 401 343 342 355 354 341 340 339 338 326 325 321 320 Cents 44.5 42.9 62.9 64.5 66.2 72.1 69.9 66.2 73.8 74.5 86.0 1 ,000 Dollars 18,950 18,987 16,624 16,660 20,547 20,599 20,156 20,210 22,122 22,177 20,549 20,609 20,621 20,679 18,757 18,812 20,787 20,849 20,177 20,239 22,933 23,005 YEAR 1981 TURKEYS: PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 TURKEYS RAISED HEAVY 145 LIGHT 1,000 1971 173 19 1972 141 29 1973 144 29 1974 139 33 1975 106 19 1976 122 21 1977 110 15 1978 128 18 1979 133 7 1980 126 0 NUMBER PRODUCED POUNDS PRODUCED 15 PRICE PER POUND VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1 ,000 Pounds Cents 1,000 Dollars 192 3,840 35.5 1,363 170 3,383 36.0 1,218 173 3,287 62.0 2,038 172 3,268 57.0 1,863 125 2,375 58.0 1,378 143 2,860 58.0 1,659 125 2,600 58.0 1,508 146 2,993 68.0 2,035 140 2,800 65.0 1,820 126 2,470 78.0 1,927 145 3,045 77.0 2,345 CROP HIGHLIGHTS CORN SILAGE Massachusetts fanners made a record high of 780,000 tons of corn silage in 1981 , 15 percent more than in 1980. A yield of 20 tons per acre compared with 17 the preceding year was responsible for the increase. Value of the crop of nearly $20 million was 3 percent more than in 1980. A dry spring allowed soil tillage earlier than normal. Frosts didn't occur until later than normal in the fall, so the crop matured well. Harvest difficulty was caused by fall rains. HAY Production of all hay in 1981 totaled 278,000 tons, 8 percent more than in 1980. Increased acreage and higher yield both contributed to the increase. Value of the 1981 crop at $22 million, was 14 percent more than the 1980 crop. Rains in early summer interfered with curing the first cutting, but helped growth of the second cutting. Alfalfa came through the winter well and yielded well. POTATOES Potato production in 1981 totaled 743,000 hundredweight, 1 percent less than the 1980 total. One hundred fewer acres were harvested in 1981 than in 1980, but yield was 225 hundredweight per acre, compared with 220 for 1980. Because of lower price, the value of the 1981 crop is expected to be $4.6 million, 17 percent less then the value of the 1980 crop. TOBACCO Production of all tobacco in 1981 totaled nearly two million pounds and had a value of $15.0 million, com- pared with 1980 production of 1.9 million pounds and a value of $14.2 million. Shade tobacco production was 14,180,000 pounds in 1981, 4 percent more than the year before. Acreage, at 900, was down 40 acres from last year. Yield, at 1,500 pounds per acre, was 25 pounds higher than in the pre- ceding year. Havana Seed production, at 552,000 pounds in 1981, was 10 percent more than in 1980. Although acreage in 1981 of 240 was down slightly from the 1980 level, yield of 2,300 pounds per acre in 1981 compared with 2,000 the year before, more than compensated for the slight decline in acreage. 16 CORN: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR 1981 AREA PLANTED FOR ALL PURPOSES SILAGE AREA HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1 ,000 Acres 1971 36 1972 35 1973 37 1974 38 1975 39 1976 43 1977 44 1978 45 1979 44 1980 45 46 1 ,000 Acres 34 33 35 35 36 38 38 40 39 40 39 Tons 16.5 12.0 14.5 16.0 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 17.0 20.0 1 ,000 Tons 561 396 508 560 540 589 608 660 663 680 780 1,000 Dollars 6,732 5,346 7,366 10,080 11,475 12,987 13,923 14,850 16,575 19,380 19,968 Acfizi Halvzitzd [1.000] MASSACHUSETTS CORN (Acres Harvested for Silage and Production) 40- 38- 36- 34- 32- Vlodact-ion [1,000 Tom) Acres Harvested Production 750 1-700 650 -600 -550 500 -450 -400 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 ALL HAY: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION PRICE PER TON VALUE PRODUCTION 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1,000 112 109 112 115 118 120 120 120 119 119 121 Tons 1 ,000 Tons Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars 2.15 241 41.00 9,881 1.88 205 51.00 10,455 2.25 252 50.00 12,600 2.12 244 63.00 15,183 2.18 257 79.00 19,355 2.10 252 71.00 18,034 1.99 239 69.00 16,077 2.26 271 73.00 19,783 2.39 285 72.00 20,520 2.17 258 76.00 19,608 2.30 278 80.50 22,379 17 ALFALFA HAY: ACREAGE, YIELD AND PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION 1,000 Tons 1 ,000 Tons 1971 31 2.55 79 1972 28 2.25 63 1973 28 2.55 71 1974 25 2.55 64 1975 26 2.60 68 1976 26 2.45 64 1977 28 2.30 64 1978 28 2.60 73 1979 27 2.90 78 1980 27 2.40 65 1981 28 2.80 78 ALL OTHER HAY: ACREAGE, YIELD AND PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION Tons 1 ,000 Tons 2.00 162 1.75 142 2.15 181 2.00 180 2.05 189 2.00 188 1.90 175 2.15 198 2.25 207 2.10 193 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1,000 81 81 84 90 92 94 92 92 92 92 1981 93 2.15 200 POTATOES: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION SEASON AVERAGE PRICE PER Cl'fr. VALUE OF PRODUCTION Cwt. 1,000 Cwt 1971 4,800 210 1,008 1972 4,000 160 640 1973 4,000 160 640 1974 4,400 200 880 1975 3,900 205 800 1976 3,500 220 770 1977 3,700 240 888 1978 3,600 225 810 1979 3,400 220 748 1980 3,400 220 748 liars 1,000 Dollars 2.50 2,520 3.90 2,496 4.90 3,336 3.50 3,080 5.00 4,000 5.80 4,466 5.40 4,795 6.30 5,103 5.60 4,189 7.50 5,610 1981 3,300 225 743 6.25 4,644 18 TOBACCO, SHADE TYPE: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR ACRES YIELD TOTAL PRICE VALUE OF HARVESTED PER ACRE PRODUCTION PER POUND PRODUCTION Pounds 1 ,000 Pounds Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1971 1,300 1,725 2,243 4.00 8,972 1972 1,150 1,250 1,438 4.85 6,974 1973 1,300 1,210 1,573 5.15 8,101 1974 1,300 1,610 2,093 6.00 12,558 1975 1,250 1,335 1,669 6.40 10,682 1976 1,050 1,480 1,554 5.40 8,392 1977 980 1,600 1,568 6.00 9,408 1978 860 1,300 1,118 7.50 8,385 1979 770 1,400 1,078 8.50 9,163 1980 940 1,475 1,387 9.80 13,593 1981 900 1,500 1,418 10.00 14,180 TOBACCO, HAVANA SEED: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR ACRES YIELD TOTAL PRICE VALUE OF HARVESTED PER ACRE PRODUCTION PER POUND PRODUCTION Pounds 1 ,000 Pounds Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars 1971 310 2,050 636 0.61 388 1972 260 1,850 481 0.62 298 1973 210 1,850 389 0.72 280 1974 160 2,040 326 0.82 267 1975 170 1,650 281 0.98 275 1976 160 1,819 291 0.87 253 1977 180 1,880 338 0.98 331 1978 170 2,000 340 1.10 374 1979 220 1,850 407 1.20 488 1980 250 2,000 500 1.31 655 1981 240 2,300 552 1.40 773 19 FRUIT AND VEGETABLE HIGHLIGHTS CRANBERRIES Cranberry production of 1,180,000 barrels in 1981 was only 5,000 barrels short of the record 1980 crop. Value of the 1981 crop is estimated at $39.5 million, just slightly less than the 1980 crop's value. Bloom was heavy and bees were active during the blooming period, giving a heavy set of fruit. Dry weather during late summer was the main concern as reservoir water levels were low for frost protection and harvest. Rains arrived in time for water harvesting and frost held off until the crop was harvested. Color was good, but berry size was small to medium. APPLES AND PEACHES Commercial apple production of nearly 2 million 42-pound units in 1981 was 17 percent less than in 1980. Total value of the 1981 crop, $16.3 million, was 11 percent more than the 1980 crop's value because of higher price. Peach production of 4,000 48-pound units in 1981 was only one-tenth of the preceding year's crop. The total value of the 1981 crop was $70,000. Bud damage from cold during winter and spring was the reason for the smaller apple and peach crops. VEGETABLES Commercial growers in Massachusetts produced 748,000 cwt. of sweet corn; 222,000 cwt. of cabbage and 163,000 cwt. of tomatoes for sale on the fresh produce market in 1981. Sweet corn production was 4 percent above 1980; cabbage, 43 percent above; and tomatoes, 14 percent above. The aggregate value of the three commodities of $13.5 million was 24 percent more than the equivalent 1980 value. 20 CRANBERRIES: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSEHS, 1971-1981 ACRES YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION 1/ UTILIZATION SEASON AVERAGE PRICE PER BARREL 3/ VALUE OF YEAR FRESH SALES PROCESSED SHRINKAGE 2/ UTILIZED PRODUCTION 4/ Barrels Barrels 1 ,000 Barrels Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars 1971 11,200 95.7 1 ,072 239 441 57 10.70 7,886 1972 11,200 73.1 819 170 600 49 12.60 10,319 1973 11,200 80.4 901 246 563 92 13.60 12,254 1974 11,200 83.2 932 167 491 274 10.70 9,972 1975 11,200 70.1 785 162 508 115 13.00 10,205 1976 11,200 83.5 935 220 630 85 13.40 12,529 1977 11,200 78.1 875 207 576 92 17.70 15,488 1978 11,200 105.4 1 ,180 247 833 100 21.60 25,488 1979 11,200 96.4 1 ,080 130 880 70 26.60 28,728 1980 11,200 105.8 1 ,185 110 1,016 59 33.50 39,698 1981 11.200 105.4 1 ,180 n/a n/a n/a n/a 39,530 y Includes cranberries that were put in set aside under the Cranberry Marketing Order. 2/ Berries paid for by processors and lost because of dehydration and berry breakdown after delivery. 2J Equivalent return at first delivery point, screen basis. 4/ Excludes cranberries that were put in set aside under the Cranberry Marketing Order. Piodactlon [1,000 BoAAeli) 1,150- MASSACHUSETTS CRANBERRIES Production and Value of Production Valuz oi Piodaction 1,000 VoUoAM) 9,000 6,000 21 APPLES: PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR TOTAL PRODUCTION 1/ NOT UTILIZED 2/ HAVING VALUE PRICE PER UNIT VALUE OF UTILIZED PRODUCTION 1 ,000 ■ - 42 Pound Units 1971 2,738 238 2,500 1972 2,167 — 2,167 1973 1,976 — 1,976 1974 2,548 167 2,381 1975 2,500 167 2,333 1976 2,262 ... 2,262 1977 2,262 72 2,190 1978 2,500 — 2,500 1979 2,262 — 2,262 1980 2,381 — 2,381 liars 1 ,000 Dollars 2.75 6,878 3.90 8,454 5.59 11,039 4.33 10,300 4.37 10,192 6.13 13,870 5.38 11,776 5.80 14,490 6.51 14,725 6.13 14,600 1981 1,976 1,976 8.23 16,268 1/ Estimates relate to production in orchards of 100 or more trees. 2/ Abandoned because of economic reasons. COMMERCIAL APPLE PRODUCTION BY VARIETY, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR CORTLAND DELICIOUS GOLDEN DELICIOUS MCINTOSH NORTHERN SPY ROME BEAUTY OTHER TOTAL PRODUCTION 1,( DOO - 42 Pound Units 1971 250 326 38 1,748 26 57 293 2,738 1972 124 248 36 1,481 14 17 248 2,167 1973 188 264 33 1,236 17 40 198 1,976 1974 143 260 40 1,764 21 45 274 2,548 1975 205 293 31 1,614 17 43 298 2,500 1976 210 288 55 1,360 21 45 283 2,262 1977 195 252 36 1,462 17 38 262 2.262 1978 171 331 38 1,538 21 31 369 2,500 1979 181 329 40 1,405 14 31 262 2,262 1980 190 324 36 1,500 19 36 276 2,381 1981 183 190 36 1,286 1/ 24 257 1,976 1/ Included in other varieties. 22 PEACHES: PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR PRODUCTION PRICE PER UNIT VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1,000 - 48 Pound Units Dollars 1, 000 Dollars 1971 79 5.04 399 1972 35 8.16 289 1973 58 9.60 560 1974 35 8.64 306 1975 42 9.60 400 1976 35 12.48 442 1977 42 10.56 440 1978 38 13.92 522 1979 38 15.36 576 1980 42 14.40 600 1981 4 16.80 70 SWEET CORN: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR ACRES YIELD TOTAL AVERAGE PRICE VALUE OF HARVESTED PER ACRE PRODUCTION PER CWT. PRODUCTION Cwt. 1 ,000 Cwt. Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars 1971 8,200 78 640 6.22 3,981 1972 7,100 75 533 6.93 3,694 1973 8,000 78 624 6.20 3,869 1974 8,200 62 508 8.90 4,521 1975 8,600 81 697 7.10 4,949 1976 8,200 72 590 7.71 4,549 1977 7,800 60 468 8.90 4,165 1978 7,200 88 634 7.00 4,438 1979 7,700 84 647 8.99 5,817 1980 8,200 88 722 9.09 6,563 1981 8,800 85 748 11.70 8,752 TOMATOES: ACREAGE, YIELD, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR ACRES YIELD TOTAL AVERAGE PRICE VALUE OF HARVESTED PER ACRE PRODUCTION PER CWT. PRODUCTION Cwt. 1 ,000 Cwt. Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1971 750 200 150 12.50 1,875 1972 700 190 133 17.70 2,354 1973 730 195 142 17.40 2,471 1974 700 175 123 16.50 2,030 1975 630 210 132 18.00 2,376 1976 590 195 115 21.40 2,461 1977 560 190 106 20.40 2,162 1978 550 210 116 21.80 2,529 1979 510 190 97 24.60 2,386 1980 680 210 143 21.70 3,103 1981 760 215 163 20.10 3,276 23 MAPLE SYRUP Production of maple syrup in the spring of 1981 totaled 40,000 gallons, more than twice the poor crop of 1980, and the highest total since 1966. This is expecially noteworthy because it directly followed one of the poorest sugaring seasons in several years. The sap that flowed in 1981 was exceptionally sweet and produced especially light syrup. Valued at a season average price of $18.70 per gallon, the syrup produced in 1981 had a total value of $748,000, more than twice the 1980 crop's value. MAPLE SYRUP: PRODUCTION, DISPOSITION. PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR PRODUCTION SOLD SEASON AVERAGE PRICE PER GALLON VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1,000 Gallons 1,000 Gallons 1971 25 24 1972 28 27 1973 20 19 1974 25 24 1975 31 30 1976 27 25 1977 27 25 1978 28 26 1979 30 28 1980 18 17 1981 40 Dollars 7.80 8.70 9.40 11.20 10.70 12.75 13.00 14.10 15.90 18.40 18.70 1 ,000 Dollars 195 244 188 280 332 319 351 367 477 331 748 MAPLE SYRUP PRICES: BY TYPE OF SALE AND SIZE OF CONTAINER MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 RETAIL WHOLESALE ALL SALES YEAR GAL h GAL QUART PINT h PINT GAL h GAL QUART PINT h PINT EQUIVALENT PER GALLON Dollars 1971 7.40 4.00 2.40 1.50 1.05 6.60 3.65 2.30 1.35 .85 7.80 1972 8.10 4.55 2.75 1.90 1.15 7.30 4.30 2.60 1.55 1.00 8.70 1973 9.00 5.00 3.10 2.25 1.25 8.30 4.60 2.85 1.80 1.10 9.40 1974 10.50 5.90 3.55 2.30 1.40 9.00 5.00 3.00 1.85 1.20 11.20 1975 11.10 6.20 3.75 2.50 1.50 10.00 5.45 3.30 2.05 1.15 10.70 1976 11.65 6.45 3.90 2.55 1.50 10.35 5.75 3.35 2.20 1.35 12.75 1977 12.30 6.90 4.05 2.65 1.80 11.20 6.05 3.70 2.40 1.50 14.20 1978 13.10 7.40 4.29 2.81 1.86 11.66 6.59 3.79 2.41 1.49 14.10 1979 14.88 8.37 4.84 3.12 2.13 12.53 7.13 4.09 2.66 1.77 15.90 1980 17.66 9.69 5.88 3.69 2.46 16.25 8.94 4.73 3.07 1.98 18.40 1981 18.69 10.73 6.23 4.07 2.59 16.44 9.39 5.39 3.33 2.01 18.70 24 FOLIAGE PLANTS FOR INDOOR OR PATIO USE: NUMBER OF PRODUCERS, SQUARE FEET IN PRODUCTION, NET VALUE OF SALES, MASSACHUSETTS, 1971-1981 YEAR NUMBER OF SQUARE FEET AVERAGE VALUE PERCENTAGE OF NET VALUE PRODUCERS IN PRODUCTION PER SQUARE FOOT SALES AT WHOLESALE OF SALES 1/ 1,00C Square Feet 1971 32 175 3.67 91 643 1972 46 246 3.52 95 865 1973 35 175 3.34 89 584 1974 76 581 5.24 76 3,203 1975 135 1,040 4.49 55 4,670 1976 131 965 4.92 62 4,743 1977 112 926 6.00 30 5,555 1978 127 927 5.36 56 4,970 1979 104 715 6.31 75 4,513 1980 84 611 7.15 53 4,370 1981 94 688 6.28 60 4,319 1/ Gross value of sales less cost of plant material purchased from other growers for growing on. REPORTED TOTAL AVERAGE AREA USED FOR PRODUCTION AND DERIVED AVERAGE VALUE PER UNIT: CARNATIONS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, POHED LILLIES AND POTTED POINSETTIAS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1975-1981 V YEAR CARNATIONS CHRYSANTHEMUMS POTTED LILLIES POTTED POINSETTIAS STANDARD MINIATURE STANDARD POMPON POTTED 1,000 Square Foot Production Area 1975 333 178 425 400 723 — — 1976 342 209 341 417 576 336 952 1977 238 123 296 445 309 367 813 1978 149 132 257 366 427 295 1,009 1979 88 98 225 292 501 294 1,044 1980 50 56 173 283 544 193 980 1981 39 44 195 270 435 241 967 Average Value Per Square Foot - Dollars 1975 2.05 2.31 1.71 1.44 2.09 — - — 1976 2.31 1.81 2.31 1.46 2.46 2.69 1.86 1977 2.43 2.07 2.43 1.32 2.79 2.19 1.86 1978 1.50 2.58 2.56 1.77 2.45 2.62 2.04 1979 2.74 2.83 2.90 2.05 2.98 3.44 2.04 1980 3.00 2.98 2.58 2.21 3.54 3.80 2.38 1981 2.51 2.91 3.29 2.13 3.31 3.96 2.26 1/ Value figures for all plants are equivalent wholesale value of all sales. 25 CUT FLOWERS: NUMBER OF PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION, SALES, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1974-1981 TYPE AND YEAR PRODUCERS 2/ SALES PERCENTAGE OF SALES AT WHOLESALE WHOLESALE PRICE VALUE OF SALES AT WHOLESALE 1/ Standard Number 1,000 Blooms Perce Carnations 1974 45 9 ,403 75 1975 34 5 ,549 65 1976 27 5 ,853 93 1977 24 3 ,851 89 1978 19 1 ,603 92 1979 14 1 ,238 84 1980 9 752 96 1981 5 704 97 Miniature Carnations 1,000 Bunches 1974 27 278 50 1975 23 273 65 1976 24 256 83 1977 20 222 89 1978 15 252 99 1979 15 175 96 1980 7 105 98 1981 6 65 99 Hybrid Tea Roses 1,000 Blooms 1974 9 19 ,708 97 1975 9 13 ,483 69 1976 10 12 ,636 100 1977 13 10 ,575 100 1978 9 12 ,514 99 1979 11 13 .651 99 1980 12 9 ,445 98 1981 9 7 ,346 99 Miniature Or Sweetheart Roses 1,000 Blooms 1974 9 8 ,930 97 1975 9 9 ,114 72 1976 9 6 ,174 100 1977 9 6 537 100 1978 9 5 ,401 99 1979 8 7 020 99 1980 9 6 ,472 99 1981 9 4 812 99 Standard Chrysanthemums 1,000 Bunches 1974 52 2 412 92 1975 54 2 341 92 1976 70 1 774 85 1977 58 1 721 92 1978 57 1 545 90 1979 53 1 355 83 1980 47 1 110 82 1981 38 1 171 79 Cents n.i 12.3 10, 11. 14, 20. 20. 13.9 Dollars 1.20 1.51 1.48 1.15 1.35 1.58 1.59 1.97 Cents 21.0 23.9 19.7 26.2 26.0 24.4 30.2 36.0 Cents 14.7 11.7 12.5 16.3 17.0 17.3 24.2 24.8 Cents 31.0 31.1 44.5 41.7 42.5 48.1 51.6 54.8 1 ,000 Dollars 1,044 683 603 431 224 241 150 98 334 412 379 255 340 277 167 128 4,139 3,222 2,489 2,771 3,254 3,331 2,852 2,645 1,313 1,066 772 1,066 918 1,214 1,566 1,193 748 728 789 718 657 652 573 642 (continued on next page) 26 CUT FLOWERS: NUMBER OF PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION. SALES, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1974-1981 TYPE AND YEAR PRODUCERS 2/ SALES PERCENTAGE OF SALES AT WHOLESALE WHOLESALE PRICE VALUE OF SALES AT WHOLESALE 1/ Pompon Number 1,000 Blooms Perce Chrysanthemums 1974 70 371 68 1975 102 377 67 1976 87 367 71 1977 89 356 54 1978 75 360 77 1979 60 338 58 1980 63 335 64 1981 51 314 66 Potted Chrysanthemums 1.000 Pots 1974 60 503 68 1975 m 747 79 1976 115 609 78 1977 85 421 78 1978 87 402 63 1979 93 562 70 1980 73 762 45 1981 81 512 77 Snapdragons 3/ 1 ,000 Stems 1976 52 2,651 88 1977 50 1,792 89 1978 57 1,674 90 1979 40 1,416 88 1980 36 982 87 1981 33 947 83 Potted Geraniums \l 1,000 Pots 1976 242 5,755 82 1977 225 3,183 52 1978 230 3,125 66 1979 220 3,631 61 1980 190 3,111 57 1981 185 2,733 69 Potted Li Hies 3/ 1,000 Pots 1976 in 364 87 1977 108 322 80 1978 101 258 73 1979 93 329 78 1980 78 245 68 1981 78 293 78 Potted Poinsettias 3/ 1976 146 634 79 1977 139 741 68 1978 136 750 67 1979 120 751 75 1980 112 760 57 1981 107 660 74 Dollars 1.31 1.53 1.66 1.65 1.80 1.77 1.87 1.83 1.93 2.02 2.33 2.05 2.60 2.66 2.53 2.81 Cents 16.8 19.7 20.0 20.3 28.0 29.7 Dollars .88 .75 .85 .91 .94 .95 Dollars 2.48 50 00 07 99 3.26 2.79 2.05 2.75 2.83 3.07 3.31 1 ,000 Dollars 486 577 609 587 648 598 626 575 971 1,509 1,419 863 1,045 1,495 1.928 1,439 445 353 335 287 275 281 5,064 2,387 2,656 3,304 2,924 2,596 903 805 774 1,010 733 955 1,769 1,519 2,063 2,125 2,333 2,185 \l Equivalent wholesale value of all sales. 2/ Beginning with 1973, number of producers is number who produce and sell $10,000 or more of fresh Tcut) flowers, flowering and foliage plants, bedding plants and cultivated florist greens. Previously, the definition included growers who sold $2,000 or more of the above mentioned items. 3/ Data for years prior to 1976 not available. 27 CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION: RANK AMONG STATES, MASSACHUSETTS AND NEW ENGLAND, 1981 ITEM UNIT MASSACHUSETTS PRODUCTION RANK % US TOTAL NEW ENGLAND PRODUCTION RANK % US TOTAL 1,000 1,000 CROPS: Cranberries barrels 1,180 1 44.3 1,180 1 44.3 Apples pounds 83,000 14 1.1 279,000 8 3.6 Peaches pounds 200 32 * NA Corn for Sil age tons 780 29 .7 4.374 7 3.8 Hay tons 278 43 .2 2,047 27 1.4 Potatoes cwt. 743 30 .2 28,696 3 8.6 Tobacco pounds 1,818 16 .1 6,993 13 .3 Vegetables - Processing - All tons 9 29 .1 22 25 .2 Fresh: Cabbage cwt. 222 16 1.1 NA Sweet Corn cwt. 748 7 5.4 NA Tomatoes cwt. 163 18 6.2 NA Maple Syrup gallons 40 8 2.8 792 1 56.2 LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY: Eggs each 321,000 40 .5 3,251,000 6 4.7 Milk pounds 578,000 40 .4 4,882,000 7 3.7 Honey pounds 253 44 .1 1,190 34 6 Wool pounds 49 37 .1 286 29 .3 Calves head 22 43 .2 247 15 2.4 Cattle head 24 43 .1 131 38 .3 Hogs & Pigs head 55 42 .1 141 34 .1 Lambs head 3 37 .1 19 29 .3 Sheep head 1 39 .1 4 30 .3 FARMS: NUMBER AND LAND, MASSACHUSETTS AND NEW ENGLAND, 1971-1982 1/ YEAR MASSACHUSETTS NEW ENGLAND NUMBER OF AVERAGE LAND IN NUMBER OF AVERAGE LAND IN FARMS SIZE FARMS FARMS SIZE FARMS Number Acres 1 ,000 Acres Number Acres 1 ,000 Acres 1971 5,900 122 720 29,790 193 5,743 1972 5,700 123 700 28,760 192 5,510 1973 5,500 124 680 28,040 192 5.378 1974 5,500 124 680 27,740 192 5,318 1975 5,800 121 700 26,120 197 5,135 1976 6,300 111 700 27,960 185 5,165 1977 6,200 111 690 28,300 182 5,155 1978 5,900 115 680 28,700 180 5,165 1979 6,200 110 680 29,900 172 5,145 1980 5,900 115 680 30,360 169 5,145 1981 5,600 118 660 30,420 170 5,185 1982 2/ 5,400 119 640 30,520 170 5,185 1/ A farm is a place that sells or normally would sell $1,000 of agricultural products. y Preliminary 28 COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER: CONSUMPTION BY KINC & PLANT NUTRIENTS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1965-1981 YEAR KIND OF FERTILIZER PRIMARY NUTRIENTS ENDED JUNE 30 MIXED FERTILIZER PRIMARY NUTRIENT MATERIALS SECONDARY & MICRO- NUTRIENTS TOTAL FERTILIZER N AVAILABLE P^O, K2O Tons 1965 76,830 16,415 76 93,321 8,522 8,856 8,122 1970 52,953 16,580 63 69,596 8,159 6,325 6,071 1975 51,814 15,216 36 67,066 7,866 5,588 6,049 1976 55,548 15,335 150 71,033 8.803 5,984 6,779 1977 53,094 14,882 28 68,004 9,015 5,872 6,607 1978 71,471 14,970 62 86,503 11,501 7,644 8,552 1979 58,397 11,393 224 70,014 10,275 6,220 7,530 1980 50,417 15,207 117 65,741 9,081 5,444 6,375 1981 57,810 10,504 466 68,780 9,057 7,170 6,506 PRICES PAID BY FARMERS: INDEX NUMBERS, ANNUAL AVERAGE, UNITED STATES, 1971-1981, BY YEARS (1977=100) YEAR COMMODITIES & SER., INTEREST TAXES & WAGE RATES PRODUCTION ITEMS INTEREST, TAXES, & WAGE RATES PRODUCTION ITEMS INTEREST PAYABLE PER ACRE TAXES PAYABLE PER ACRE WAGE RATES FOR HIRED FARM LABOR 1/ 1971 58 56 1972 62 60 1973 71 72 1974 81 81 1975 89 89 1976 95 95 1977 100 100 1978 108 109 1979 123 125 1980 138 139 1981 150 150 57 42 72 ■ 59 61 46 75 63 73 54 77 69 83 65 81 79 91 76 87 85 97 87 94 93 100 100 100 100 108 118 100 107 125 141 107 117 138 168 117 127 148 1/ Simple average of quarterly indexes seasonally adjusted. 195 124 136 INDEX NUMBERS OF PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS, BY COMMODITY GROUPS, UNITED STATES ANNUAL AVERAGE, 1971-1981 (1977=100) YEAR CROPS FOOD GRAINS FEED GRAINS AND HAY TOBACCO COTTON OIL BEARING CROPS FRUIT COM- MERCIAL VEGE- TABLES ALL CROPS LIVESTOCK & PRODUCTS DAIRY PROD- UCTS POULTRY AND EGGS MEAT ANI- MALS ALL LIVE- STOCK ALL FARM PROD- UCTS 1971 61 59 64 40 46 67 65 56 61 59 72 67 62 1972 70 57 70 48 51 72 65 60 63 60 88 77 69 1973 138 90 74 54 93 84 76 91 74 101 118 104 98 1974 192 134 85 85 96 86 81 117 86 94 98 94 105 1975 155 127 93 68 81 85 92 105 90 103 100 98 101 1976 129 120 93 99 85 80 91 102 100 102 101 101 102 1977 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1978 122 101 109 91 93 148 105 105 109 106 134 124 115 1979 147 114 118 96 103 144 no 116 124 in 166 147 132 1980 165 132 125 114 102 124 113 125 135 112 156 144 134 1981 166 141 140 111 110 129 136 134 142 116 150 143 138 29 FARM BALANCE SHEET (Excluding Farm Households), MASSACHUSETTS, JANUARY 1, 1977-1981 ITEM 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 Million Dollars Assets: Real Estate 1/ 663.0 725.4 831.6 896.0 949.2 Livestock and Poultry 2/ 46.7 49.0 65.3 78.8 89.3 Machinery and Motor Vehicles 3/ 146.7 154.0 181.5 199.7 209.6 Crops 4/ 19.5 17.8 26.2 22.8 25.2 Financial Assets 46.4 48.3 52.0 71.1 51.1 Total Farm Assets Claims: Real Estate Debt 5/ Non-Real Estate Debt 6/ Total Farm Debt Equity 922.2 994.4 1,156.5 1,268.5 FARM PRODUCTION EXPENSES, MASSACHUSETTS, 1976-1980 1,324.4 71.6 54.0 62.9 55.7 64.1 103.7 76.3 128.1 86.6 128.5 25.6 118.6 167.8 204.4 215.1 96.7 875.8 988.7 1,064.1 1,109.2 y Excludes value of operator dwellings. 2J Excludes horses, mules, and broilers. 2/ Includes only farm share value for trucks and autos. 4/ All crops held on farms including crops under CCC and crops held off farms by farm operators. 5/ Excludes debt on operator dwellings. 6/ Excludes debt for non-farm purposes. CURRENT FARM OPERATING EXPENSES 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Million Dollars Feed Livestock Seed Fertilizer and Lime Repairs and Operation of Capital Items Hired Labor Miscellaneous Total Current Farm Operating Expenses Depreciation and Other Consumption of Farm Capital Taxes on Farm Property Interest on Farm Mortgage Debt Net Rent to Non-Operator Landlord 44.8 42.5 37.9 42.6 45.4 2.7 3.2 3.3 1.4 1.3 6.3 6.7 7.2 7.9 9.1 6.2 5.8 8.0 7.2 7.8 24.3 25.3 30.1 37.1 43.1 40.4 46.8 48.0 55.3 62.9 27.4 25.7 33.3 41.9 45.3 52.2 156.0 167.7 193.4 214.9 31.9 30.2 35.3 39.0 44.3 14.1 15.4 14.1 14.2 15.1 6.5 6.0 5.8 6.5 7.3 -1.0 -.4 -.2 -.1 -.1 Total Production 203.7 207. ? 222.9 253 0 281.4 GROSS INCOME AND NET INCOME FROM FARMING, MASSACHUSETTS, 1950-1980 ITEM 1950 1960 1970 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Gross Farm Income: Cash Receipts From Farm Marketing Government Payment Non-Money Income Other Farm Income Total Farm Production Expenses Net Farm Income Before Inventory Adjustment Net Change in Farm Inventory Net Farm Income After Inventory Adjustment Mill ion Dollars 181.6 .6 19.3 .1 164.7 .7 15.5 .7 156.9 .6 13.3 1.5 201.5 .6 21.3 3.2 219.4 .6 23.2 3.5 257.7 .6 24.2 3.2 279.6 .8 26.8 3.5 299.8 .6 29.8 4.3 308.5 .7 32.3 4.5 201.6 181.6 172.3 226.5 246.7 285.7 310.6 334.5 346.0 147.2 135.6 132.0 191.2 203.7 207.2 222.9 253.0 281.4 54.4 46.1 40.4 35.3 42.9 78.5 87.8 81.5 64.6 -2.1 1.3 .2 -1.3 4.1 28.7 5.0 .8 -5.5 52.3 47.3 40.6 34.1 47.0 107.2 92.8 82.3 59.1 30 CASH RECEIPTS FROM FARM MARKETINGS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1979-1981 COMMODITY 1979 1980 1981 Thousand Dollars LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS Cattle and Calves Hogs Sheep and Lambs Dairy Products Chickens Eggs Turkeys Miscellaneous Poultry Miscellaneous Livestock 12,728 7,841 163 73,833 653 20,638 1,820 2,573 3,189 13,017 5,988 179 79,726 525 20,177 1,927 2,308 3,151 13,100 5,515 161 85,989 817 22,933 2,345 2,875 3,118 Total Livestock and Livestock Products 123,438 126,998 136,853 CROPS Hay Tobacco Potatoes Cabbage Sweet Corn Tomatoes Miscellaneous Vegetables Apples Peaches Cranberries Berries Miscellaneous Fruits Maple Products Forest Products Greenhouse and Nursery Miscellaneous Crops Total Crops TOTAL RECEIPTS 2,463 2,346 2,509 8,404 10,833 14,895 4,153 4,338 5,136 878 1,237 1,465 5,817 6,563 8,752 2,386 3,103 3,276 3,298 2,345 2,371 11,799 13,103 12,590 544 570 35 27,972 30,562 39,176 1,611 1,365 1,404 249 260 283 445 313 788 1,308 1,308 1,308 92,447 91,372 90,556 231 248 143 164,005 169,866 184,687 287,443 296,864 321,540 MASSACHUSETTS CASH RECEIPTS - 1981 CROPS - 57% LIVESTOCK - 43% Dairy Products 27% Greenhouse & Nursery 28% 31 FARM PRODUCTION EXPENDITURES, NORTHEAST V AND UNITED STATES, 1980 EXPENDITURE 2/ NORTHEAST AVERAGE PER FARM 3/ TOTAL EXPENDITURE M UNITED STATES AVERAGE PER FARM 3/ Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars TOTAL EXPENDITURE 4/ Dollars 1,000 Dollars TOTAL FARM PRODUCTION EXPENDITURES LIVESTOCK & POULTRY: Cattle Purchased Hogs & Pigs Purchased Sheep & Lambs Purchased Poultry Purchased Other Livestock & Poultry Purchased Other 5/ FARM SERVICES: Custom Hire Veterinarian, Medicine & Supplies Hired Transportation For Delivery To Farm Insurance Marketing Expenses (Crop & Livestock) Miscellaneous Farm Business Rent Cash Rent Share Rent FEED: Grains Hays & Forages Mixed Or Formula Feeds Other Feeds, Additives and Ingredients Pasture & Grazing Livestock WAGES & CONTRACT LABOR: Cash Wages Contract Labor Total Perquisites Furnished INTEREST: Farm Real Estate Operating Loans 6/ Landlord Farm Real Estate FERTILIZER, LIME & SOIL CONDITIONERS: 7/ Custom Applied Fertilizer Not Custom Applied Fertilizer Lime & Soil Conditioners FUELS & ENERGY: Gasoline - Delivered Bulk To Farm Gasoline - Purchased At Service Station Diesel Fuel Fuel Oil & Kerosene L.P. Gas Natural Gas Motor Oil, Grease & Special Fluids Electricity (Excluding Irrigation) Electricity For Irrigation FARM & MOTOR SUPPLIES: Motor Vehicle Operating Costs Other Than Fuels Miscellaneous Farm Supplies Marketing Containers 46,982 4,556 3,128 151 10 900 254 114 4,678 293 607 104 838 1,170 634 1,032 730 302 9,054 2,332 313 6,177 222 9 5,204 3,998 253 953 2,701 1,696 1,005 54 3,032 473 2,227 315 3,273 943 203 746 312 165 27 110 735 3,184 1,656 921 607 8,022,615 778,047 534,074 25,781 1,731 153,619 43,344 19,499 798,845 50,049 103,676 17,727 143,164 199,715 108,230 176,285 124,645 51 ,640 1,545,983 398,243 53,509 1,054,769 37,923 1,538 888,615 682,681 43,211 162,723 461,219 289,647 171,571 9,289 517,708 80,740 380,309 53,874 558,850 161,008 34,714 127,330 53,281 28,181 4,545 18,751 125,443 1,284 543,645 282,705 157,269 103,671 56,392 7,187 5,844 446 75 422 285 89 8,803 842 432 84 849 958 713 4,926 1,580 3,346 8,294 2,643 831 4,399 326 94 4,169 3,255 314 601 4,365 2,304 2,061 140 4,198 1,370 2,291 179 4,094 1,105 326 1,306 67 280 112 157 223 511 2,904 1,996 690 218 136,646,084 17,355,912 14,162,128 1,081,389 181,972 1,023,463 690,373 216,587 21 ,332,066 2,040,937 1,045,774 202,493 2,057,047 2,320,865 1,728,555 11,936,395 3,829,423 8,106,972 20,097,505 6,404,907 2,014,710 10,660,234 788,960 228,693 10,103,288 7,886,203 761 ,097 1,455,988 10,575,982 5,582,159 4,993,822 338,114 10,171,929 3,320,612 5,552,507 432,885 9,919,884 2,678,195 791 ,094 3,165,271 163,108 678,782 270,438 380,181 540,422 1,239,070 7,037,474 4,836,030 1,673,038 528,406 See Footnotes, page 33 32 FARM PRODUCTION EXPENDITURES, NORTHEAST V AND UNITED STATES, 1980 NORTHEAST UNITED STATES EXPENDITURE 2/ ' AVERAGE PER FARM 3/ TOTAL EXPENDITURE 4/ AVERAGE PER FARM 3/ TOTAL EXPENDITURE 4/ BUILDING, FENCING & FARM IMPROVEMENTS: 8/ New Building Construction & Remodeling Building Maintenance & Repair Fencing Expenses Maintenance & Repairs (Other) New Construction Improvements (Other) TRACTORS & SELF-PROPELLED MACHINERY: Tractors Tractors, New Tractors, Used Self-Propelled Machinery Leasing Or Rental , Tractors Leasing Or Rental, Self-Propelled OTHER FARM MACHINERY, IMPLEMENTS & LIVESTOCK EQUIP: Farm Machinery, Not Self-Propelled Dairy, Poultry & Other Livestock Equipment Repair & Maintenance Livestock Equipment Leasing Or Rental Other Farm Machinery & Equipment SEEDS & PLANTS: Seed For Field Crops And Small Grains TAXES: Farm Real Estate Other Property Tax 6/ Landlord Farm Real Estate AUTOS, TRUCKS & OTHER VEHICLES: 9/ Autos Trucks Trucks, New Trucks, Used AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS: 7/ 10/ Pesticides For Crops & Crop Storage Pesticides For Livestock, Poultry & Buildings UNALLOCATED OTHER EXPENSES: )llars 1 ,000 Dollars Dollars 1 ,000 Dollars 2,888 493,193 2,779 6,734,298 1,730 481 142 144 361 295,484 82,134 24,198 24,592 61,617 1,461 261 147 274 618 3,540,257 632,267 356,511 662,952 1,496,413 1,466 250,355 2,580 6,251,644 1,172 776 295 200,066 132,574 67,492 1,514 906 608 3,668,299 2,194,604 1,473,695 269 45,993 999 2,421,883 19 2 3,262 293 51 15 124,372 37,091 2,593 442,842 1,975 4,786,324 1,326 1,079 163 26 226,407 184,201 27,785 4,448 1,409 337 169 60 3,413,288 816,638 410,036 146,361 1,307 223,175 1,615 3,912,317 670 114,403 1,111 2,692,940 1,433 244,665 1,116 2,703,737 1,078 355 344 184,039 60,627 58,733 829 287 566 2,008,859 694,877 1,372,224 821 140,196 1,061 2,570,907 91 15,517 158 381,839 593 328 266 101,342 55,985 45,358 772 455 317 1,871,032 1,102,926 768,106 775 132,404 1,267 3,070,000 719 45 122,800 7,710 1,114 49 1,047,544 120,666 17 2,871 22,817 V Includes eleven states: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont. 2/ Farm share. 3/ Total expenditure divided by number of farms. 4/ Totals may not add, due to rounding. 5/ Excludes veterinarian fees, medicine and breeding fees. 6/ Includes landlord expenditures. JJ Landlord expenditure included only in total. 8/ "All Other Improvements" included in total only. 9/ "Other Vehicles" included in total only. 10/ Includes seed treatments. 33 UNITED STATES: CIVILIAN PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF MAJOR FOOD COMMODITIES, 1973-1980 V COMMODITY 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 -' Pou nds Meats : 141.5 151.2 143.7 153.0 152.3 146.9 144.9 147.6 Beef 80.5 85.6 87.9 94.4 91.8 87.2 78.1 76.5 Veal 1.5 1.9 3.4 3.3 3.2 2.4 1.7 1.5 Lamb and Mutton 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 Pork 57.1 61.7 50.6 53.7 55.8 55.9 63.8 58.3 Fish (edible weight): 12.8 12.1 12.2 12.9 12.7 13.4 13.0 12.7 Canned 5.0 4.7 4.3 4.2 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.5 Poultry Products: Eggs Chicken (ready- to -cook) 36.7 36.0 35.1 34.3 34.0 34.6 35.3 34.6 40.4 40.7 40.1 42.7 44.1 46.7 50.6 50.0 Turkey (ready- to- cook) 8.5 8.8 8.5 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.9 10.5 Dairy Products: Cheese (excluding cottage) 13.6 14.6 14.3 15.7 16.1 17.0 17.2 17.6 Condensed and evaporated whole milk 5.9 5.6 5.3 5.0 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.8 Fluid milk and cream (product weight) 272.0 262.0 267.0 264.0 260.0 257.0 254.0 250.0 Ice cream (product weight) 17.3 17.4 18.5 17.9 17.5 17.4 17.1 17.3 Fats and Oils — Total fat content 53.3 52.4 52.3 54.8 53.0 54.6 55.8 55.9 Butter (actual weight) 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.4 Margarine (actual weight) 11.1 11.1 11.0 11.9 11.4 11.2 11.2 11.2 Lard 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.5 Shortening 17.1 16.9 17.0 17.7 17.2 17.8 18.4 18.3 Other edible fats and oils 20.3 19.8 19.9 21.5 21.0 22.1 22.4 22.7 Fruits: Fresh 73.5 76.0 80.4 82.5 79.3 79.6 80.3 84.0 Citrus 26.5 26.6 28.4 28.1 25.5 25.7 23.8 27.8 Noncitrus 47.0 49.4 52.0 54.4 53.8 53.9 56.5 56.2 Processed: Canned fruit 21.2 19.5 19.2 18.9 19.2 18.1 18.1 17.4 Canned juice 15.0 13.1 14.7 14.6 13.7 16.5 17.0 17.3 Frozen (including juices) 12.1 12.0 14.1 13.6 14.1 12.6 12.6 12.7 Chilled citrus juices 5.2 5.2 5.6 6.1 5.7 6.1 5.5 5.9 Dried 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.7 2.9 Vegetables: Fresh 3/ 89.8 91.6 90.3 91.4 93.4 95.3 97.5 99.9 Canned (excluding potatoes) 54.0 52.9 51.9 53.0 53.1 51.9 52.3 49.8 Frozen (excluding potatoes) 10.6 10.1 9.6 9.8 10.2 10.7 11.2 10.4 Fresh potatoes 49.3 46.0 51.7 48.1 51.5 47.7 49.4 49.3 Frozen potato products 13.2 13.1 13.7 14.6 15.7 17.2 17.7 16.9 Sweet potatoes 4/ 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.9 4.9 4.4 Grains: Wheat flour 5/ 113 111 114 119 115 115 117 117 Rice 7.0 7.5 7.6 7.1 7.5 5.7 9.4 9.3 Other: Coffee 10.0 9.6 9.2 9.4 6.9 7.9 8.5 7.8 Cocoa 3.4 3.0 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 Peanuts (shelled) 6.6 6.4 6.6 6.2 6.3 6.8 6.8 6.1 Dry edible beans 6.4 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.0 5.7 6.3 6.5 Melons 19.6 17.0 17.2 18.3 18.1 19.8 18.8 16.9 Sugar (refined) 100.8 95.6 89.1 93.4 94.2 91.4 89.3 83.6 Corn sweeteners 6/ 23.5 25.6 28.8 31.9 35.3 39.2 43.6 48.5 y Quantity in pounds, retail weight unless otherwise shown. Data on calendar year basis except for dried fruits, fresh citrus fruits, peanuts, dry beans and rice which are on a crop-year basis. 2/ Preliminary. 3/ Commercial production for sale as fresh produce. 4/ Table stock and processed. 5/ White, whole wheat, and semolina flour. 6/ Fructose and glucose. 34 m iLj^M f^ ■ '*-^'i BOARD OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Charles S. Bean, Chairman, Westwood Joseph Arena, East Boston George P. Faddoul, D.V.M. , Lincoln Ralph J. Baldasaro, Chester John George, Jr., South Dartmouth Raymond E. Duda, Easthampton Harley Phelps, Jr., Lanesboro DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ADMINISTRATION Frederic winthrop, Jr. , Commissioner William A. Starzec, Assistant Commissioner John J. McColgan, Counsel James T. Walsh, Head Administrative Assistant Mary C. Reardon, Secretary to the Commissioner AGRICULTURAL PRESERVATION RESTRICTION PROGRAM William H. King, Land Use Administrator Warren K. Colby, Project Coordinator DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE Thomas W. Storrow, Director DIVISION OF ANIMAL HEALTH Mabel A. Owen, Director Dr. Victor P. LaBranche, Chief Veterinary Health Officer Harvey Smith, Supervisor of Poultry Products DIVISION OF DAIRYING AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Arthur W. Hoyt, Director George L. Pittman, Supervisor of Inspection DIVISION OF FAIRS Stephen F. Quinn, Director Peter Bundy, Supervisor of Thoroughbred Program Barbara Dolloff, Supervisor of Standardbred Program DIVISION OF MARKETS John J. Fitzgerald, Director Guy L. Paris, Assistant Director - Commodity Promotion James M. Cassidy, Assistant Director - Regulatory Janet M. Christensen, Public Information Officer MILK CONTROL COMMISSION Catherine Clement, Chairperson Richard G. Bonneville James A. Woodsom John B. Kelley, Director Peter F. Hines, Counsel PESTICIDE BOARD Lewis F. Wells, Jr., Pesticide Program Supervisor Jeffrey Carlson, Asst. Pesticide Program Supervisor DIVISION OF PLANT PEST CONTROL Peter C. Kuzmiski, Director Thomas Leonard, Chief Apiary Inspector RECLAMATION BOARD Elizabeth Costello, Executive Secretary Mark S, Buff one. Entomologist 36 PESTICIDE BOARD Frederic Winthrop, Jr., Chairman Nancy Ridley Steve To ChiTrura Eric H. Haiipt Anthony D. Coretese, Sc.D. William F, M. Hicks Alfred L. Frechette, M.D. John F. Looney, Jr., Ed. D. Joseph Tabbi RECLAMATION BOARD John J. McColgan, Chairman James L. Dallas Gilbert A. Bliss AGRICULTURAL LANDS PRESERVATION COMMITTEE Frederic Winthrop, Jr., Chairman Secretary John A. Bewick Secretary Byron Matthews Dean Daniel Padberg Dr. Sherman Lewis Robert Lemire Professor Norton Nickerson Timothy Nourse Ralph Baldasaro FARMLAND VALUATION ADVISORY COMMISSION Edward J. Collins, Jr., Chairman Dr. N. Eugene Engel Everett L. Martin Frederic Winthrop, Jr. WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION William F. M. Hicks, Co-Chairman Anthony D. Cortese, Co-Chairman Robert Austin William A. Starzec Frederic Winthrop, Jr. Karyn Wilson Julia O'Brien Rita Barron Peter Karalekas Edwin Hartley Lawrence Feldman Nathan Tufts, Jr. STATE COMMITTEE FOR CONSERVATION OF SOIL, WATER & RELATED RESOURCES Anthony Cortese William Hicks Dean Daniel Padberg Frederic Winthrop, Jr. Sherman L. Lewis Richard Cronin John McColgan Harley Phelps, Jr. Leon Bunk Howard Hayward Lee Davis, Chairman 37 AGRICULTURAL PRESERVATION RESTRICTION PROGRAM Thomas Storrow, Administrator The Agricultural Preservation Restriction (APR) Program was established by the legislature in December, 1977, to protect the Commonwealth's rapidly diminishing farmland resources through the purchase of Agricultural Preser- vation Restrictions, commonly known as development rights. It is a volun- tary program whereby farmland owners apply to the Department of Food and Agriculture to sell a restriction on all or a portion of their property. After field inspections, a screening and selection process, appraisals, and approval by the Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee, the Commonwealth acquires these deed restrictions, which run in perpetuity, and prohibit all non-agricultural uses. Title to the land still rests with the landowner who enjoys all the traditional rights of property ownership, except the right to develop the land for non-agricultural purposes. Since the program's inception, more than 5,605 acres have been protec- ted statewide. There are also more than 4,700 acres currently under consid- eration. During the past four years the legislature has appropriated five million dollars each year for a total of twenty million dollars to fund the program. The Massachusetts program is now the largest, most active state- wide purchase of development rights program in the country and is being used as a model by other states considering similar farmland protection techniques. The Division of Land Use within the Department of Food and Agriculture is responsible for administering the Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program. Since 1978, two full time staff members and various appraisal and legal consultants have been providing the needed expertise to implement and manage this unique farmland protection effort. Background During the last 40 years, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has lost nearly three-fourths of its land in farms and one half of its productive cropland as a result of unbanization and changes in the agricultural econ- omy. Tremendous changes have occurred in regards to agricultural technolo- gy and resource use; farm size, mechanization and capital investment have all increased substantially. Land is used more intensively today and pro- ductivity per acre has increased. Consequently, there are fewer farms, farmers and farm laborers. Total farm production has declined somewhat, though not in equal proportion to the decline in the agricultural land base. As more and more farmland is lost permanently to urbanization, it has become apparent that agriculture is in serious jeopardy of being lost as a viable component of the Massachusetts economy. Sprawling urban develop- ment and land speculation subvert farming and inflate the value of avail- able land beyond the financial reach of farmers. If one farm in an area is sold for speculation or development, then all the farmers in the vi- cinity begin to lose faith in agriculture ' s future. Often, the necessary investments in livestock, equipment, soil fertility and farm buildings are not made and farm income begins to fall. Because of high land values and development pressures very few farms are transferred to the next gen- eration and the agricultural community becomes debilitated. In some cases this transition has happened preria lurely and excellent agricultural land becomes idle. When land is lost or idled, society loses the benefit of 38 its productive use. The underlying philosophy of the APR program is that this loss of productive cropland must be curtailed and deflected to the state's millions of non-farm acres, if agriculture is to have a permanent role in the Massachusetts economy. APR Program Oblectives Together with the Farmland Assessment Act (Chapter 61A M.G.L.), the APR Program is the cornerstone of the state's agriculture land protection policy. The main objective of the Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program is to try to arrest the continued conversion of productive land through deed restriction and revitalize the agricultural industry by making land more accessible to farmers and their operations more finan- cially secure. The specific goals of the Program include the following: 1. To retain the best and most productive agricultural land remaining in the Commonwealth; 2. To provide an opportunity for farmers to purchase farmland at afford- able prices; 3. To help farmland owners overcome estate planning problems; 4. To provide working capital to enable farm operations to become more financially stable; 5. To address other personal ownership problems such as age, health, and retirement and; 6. To develop a positive attitude among farmers, agribusinessmen, land- owners and urbanites that agriculture in Massachusetts is here to stay and that state government recognizes and supports agriculture's important contributions to the state's economy and rural character. The Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program is the only means for farmland owners to realize the cash equity in their land and at the same time ensure it will remain open and undeveloped. The value of the Agricultural Preservation Restriction (or development rights) is the difference between the full market value of the land and the land's agri- cultural value. In return for paying for the APR, the Commonwealth re- ceives a deed restriction, in perpetuity, prohibiting any and all activi- ties detrimental to the land's present or future agricultural potential. This cash payment is an investment in the state's agricultural land re- source, which will be repaid time and again through the operation of a viable agricultural ecomony. Purchasing development rights is a unique method for retaining pro- ductive farmland in areas under urban pressure. It is less costly than purchasing the land in fee, and can be more effectively administered than the complicated alternative of transferring development rights. Also, purchasing development rights is more permanent than farmland assessment, zoning or agricultural districting. However, no single method is the sole panacea for the loss of agricultural land. As the degree of urban pres- 39 sure changes, so does the agricultural land policy package. Typically, in state-wide areas, several programs and methods must interact together to accomplish the goal of farmland retention. Land Trust Assistance The Massachusetts APR Program works in many ways. In cases where landowners wish to sell only their development rights, the Commonwealth acts alone; however, if landowners want to sell all their real estate the assistance of a local or regional land trust can be employed. A trust can purchase the whole farm and enter into a purchase agreement in a short time period. Typically, once the development rights have been appraised according to state guidelines, they are approved and purchased by the Department of Food and Agriculture. The residual agricultural value of the land and buildings can then be sold to a farmer. In areas of high land values, some part of the farm offered for sale may lend itself to limited development. This option helps lower the cost of the development rights and still retains the most productive farmland. The assistance of land trusts to the Commonwealth's APR Program has proved to be very worthwhile. Status of APR Program In May 1980, the Commonwealth's first agricultural preservation restriction was recorded. The recording of the first restriction meant that the total selection and acquisition process worked and that all state agencies and procedures necessary to complete such acquisitions had been identified and met. The so-called selection/acquisition pipeline had been defined and was fully operational (Table 1) . The average time period for completing an acquisition is 12 months. A summary of agricultural restriction acquisitions by fiscal year is in Table 2. Over the three year period, a total of 42 properties with 3,650 acres have been restricted. The total acquisition cost was $6,800,575 or $1863 per acre. Municipalities and private groups contributed 5 percent of the acquisition monies. The statute enables municipalities to be co-holders of the deed restriction with the Department of Food and Agriculture if they provide assistance that is acceptable to the Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee. Contributions are particularly encouraged in cities and towns where land values are high and where farmland possesses only local importance. Applications for the program have been received by the Department since January, 1979. Since that time 266 applications have been received. They are located in 12 counties and 134 municipalities. A total of 26,730 acres of land are under application and the owners' asking prices exceed $65 million {Table 3). New applications are continually being received. The general status of all applications received as of June 30, 1982 is categorized in Table 4. One of six status categories is available. Status A are those applications that have received payment and the property has been restricted. Payment is pending for Status B applications until a title search has been completed and cooperating state agencies provide their approval. 40 Applications in categories C and D are under appraisal. If agreement as to value is obtained, then they will proceed to Status B if the Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee approves. As soon as additional funding is received by the program, applications in group E will be nominated for appraisal. Status F applications have been rejected for not meeting minimum program criteria and long run program objectives. Without significant changes, the application would not be reconsidered. Applications in category F are low priority compared to groups A-E. However, over time the application could be selected if land improve- ments were made or if significant financial contribution was made by local government. A summary of program expenditures is presented in Table 5. As of June 30, 1982 the APR Program has expended $9,954,451 and committed $8,024,000 to projects under appraisal. It is noted that municipalities have also contributed a sum of $365,457.50. These contributions come close to paying for the administrative costs of the program, which permits the Commonwealth's dollars to be spent almost entirely on restriction purchases. Purchasing of development rights (restrictions) in Massachusetts is saving V key agricultural land for local food production. Many other economic and \ environmental benefits are being realized. Farmland that otherwise would have / been lost to development is now in the hands of younger farmers so that production will continue (Appendix A) . 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Summary of Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program Acquisitions By Fiscal Year, 1980-82. Acquisitions Completed Number of Acres Acquisition Cost Town or Private Contributions $ 25,500.00 Net Commonwealth Cost $254,500.00 Fiscal 1980 2 Fiscal 1981 16 Fiscal 1982 24 97 1431 2122 $280,000.00 $2,776,225.00 $3,744 Total 42 3650 0.00 $6,800,575.00 $ 161,372.50 $ 178,585.00 $ 365,457.50 $2,614,852.50 $3,565,765.00 $6,435,117.50 Table 3. County Location and Number of APR Applications Received as of June 30, 1982 County Number of Acreage Askii ng Municipalities Applications Price Represented Barnstable 3 301 $1.8 Million 3 Berkshire 12 2197 $2.9 Million 7 Bristol 23 1940 $6.7 Million 11 Dukes 4 342 $1.5 Million 3 Essex 32 2821 $13.8 Million 13 Franklin 16 1775 $2.3 Million 7 Hampden 12 1173 $2.1 Million 7 Hampshire 39 4046 $4.1 Million 12 Middlesex 35 2117 $10.9 Million 20 Norfolk 15 702 $2.1 Million 8 Plymouth 24 2708 $5.9 Million 15 Worcester 51 6608 $11.9 Million 28 TOTALS 266 26,730 $66.0 Million 134 43 Table 4. Status of All Applications Received by APR Program as of June 30, 1982 Status A. Acquisition completed and deed restriction recorded. B. Final vote of approval received and purchase agreement signed. C. Voted to appraise and negotiate purchase price. D. Voted to appraise and negotiate purchase price but landowners have refused offer. E. Eligible candidates but sufficient funding is currently unavailable. F. Rejected for not meeting minimum program criteria and objectives. Number of Applications 42 20 46 16 125 17 Acres 3,650 1,955 4,734 2,885 13,024 482 Purchase/Asking Price $ 6,800,573 $ 2,754,175 $ 8,024,000 ? 3,533,000* $ 23,255,000* $ 1,779,000* TOTAL PROJECTS ♦Asking Prices. 266 26,730 $ 46,145,748** **This total differs from the $66 million stated in Table 2 because final appraised values are typically 70-80 percent of asking price. Status D through F involves asking prices while A through C are appraised values. New applications to the program are received every week. 44 Table 5. Summary of Program Expenditures as of June 30, 1982 Expenditure Item Restriction Purchases Completed (42 properties) Under Signed Agreement (20 properties ) Administration Costs Appraisal Services Farmland Appraisal Study Report Legal Services Supplies and Equipment Anticipated Restriction Purchases of applications under appraisal (43 properties) Anticipated Administration Costs associated with the anticipated restriction purchase Pending applications that cannot be appraised unless more funds are allocated Expenditure Amount $6,800,575 $2,754,175 $ 315,284 $ 25,750 $ 54,909 $ 3,758 TOTAL 9,554,750 TOTAL 399,701 TOTAL 10,500,000 TOTAL 150,000 125 properties with asking prices exceeding $23,000,000. NOTE: A total of $20,000,000 has been appropriated by the Legislature for the APR Program. As shown above a total of $9,954,451 has been expended for restriction purchases and administration. It is anticipated that the 43 properties presently under appraisal will require approximately $10,500,000 and the associated administration cost of $150,000. The asking price of pending applications totals $23,000,000. Without an additional appropriation, no action can be taken on these applications nor on new applications which continue to be regularly submitted. 45 DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE Thomas Storrow, Director The Division of Land Use works to promote the wise and productive use of Massachusetts' agricultural resources. Through several programs created to encourage preservation and utilization of farmland for agricul- ture, the Division strives to strengthen the local farm economy and improve the climate for a viable agricultural community. / The most important resource for agriculture is land. Massachusetts' agricultural land base has been shrinking as good farmland is converted to roads, industrial parks and houses. Since 1945, about one and one-half million acres have been lost to urban conversion and abandonment. The Division is attempting to slow this trend on both public and private farmland. Public Lands Although farming programs are no longer a part of most state institutions today, there are still thousands of acres of farmland surrounding Massachusetts state hospitals, schools and prisons. When many of the state institutions were built in the late 1800' s, they were sited on some of the Commonwealth's best farmland. The institutions raised their own food and large investments were made for drainage and other agricultural improvements. The Division works to make these lands accessible to fairmers and gardeners for agricul- tural uses. This is accomplished by entering into agreements with the controlling state agencies for management of the land, and leasing or lending the parcels to interested parties. This year, the Division administered leases to six commercial farmers for about 250 acres of state land. In addition, several other state agencies have independent leases with farmers for several hundred more acres. Two other state programs also promote the productive use of public lands. Through the Community Gardening Program, about 20 community gardens (some as large as 400 individual plots) were sited on state-owned land this year. Through the Massachusetts Fruition Program, several thousand fruit and nut trees and shrubs were planted on public and pxiblic-access lands by community groups. (These programs are described in detail later in this Report. ) In addition, the Division is working to ensure the protection of state lands from conversion to non-farm uses through implementation of Executive Order No. 193 which discourages the sale or lease of state-owned agricultural lands for non-agricultural purposes. Farmland Preservation The largest of the Division's programs is the Agricultural Preservation Restriction (APR) Program, whereby the state buys the development rights to private farmland. The next section of this report covers the APR Program. 46 Community Gardening This year there were over 200 community garden sites across the state, including the 20 on state-owned sites, involving over 10,000 households in home food production. The Division maintains an inventory of garden locations and coordinators, and serves as a clearinghouse of information for these groups. We help to secure land for garden space by negotiating agreements with both public and private land owners. Mass Seed Program The Division also runs the Massachusetts Seed Program. This involves sending free and low-cost vegetable seeds to youth, low-income and elderly people, and members of community garden groups. There were over 6,000 participants in this year's Seed Program. Fruition The Massachusetts Fruition Program was created in 1980 to promote the growing of food-producing trees, shrubs and vines on publicly-accessible lands. Interested community groups apply to the Division to receive free plants in exchange for an agreement to take care of them. Plants are distributed in the Spring and Fall at five regional distri- bution sites to school and church groups, conservation commissions, town tree and parks departments and community garden groups. This year, pears, sour and bush cherries, juneberries, quinces, mulberries and elderberries, apples, blueberries, blackberries, black and red raspberries, black and English walnuts, butternuts and Chinese chestnuts were distributed, bringing the total number of Fruition trees planted throughout the state to almost 7,500. Environmental Impact Review By participating in the planning process and monitoring decisions that may affect agricultural lands, the Division tries to prevent further loss or destruction of agricultural resources. We actively participate in the environmental impact review process which is required by the Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act. New Programs A primary function of the Division has been to work directly with federal agricultural agencies and local groups to get new programs started and put landowners in contact with other agricultural professionals. This year the staff worked with the Executive Office of Energy Resources to solicit federal funds for energy conservation for small dairies, greenhouses and fruit storage facilities. If these funds are granted, the Division may help to administer a program of loan subsidies for energy conservation measures for these agricultural businesses. 47 DIVISION OF ANIMAL HEALTH Mabel A. Owen, Director The control and eradication of important domestic animal diseases is not only crucial to human health, it is one of the areas of regulatory service which truly benefits both the consumer and the producer. Energy and transportation costs escalate. The practice of good disease control is one of the few profit areas still under the producer-farmer's control. With an administrative staff of eight and a field staff of fourteen Veterinarians and Inspectors, the Division of Animal Health works in close cooperation with the animal owning sector of Agriculture to ensure that the food produced here will provide profit and good health to farmer and consumer alike. BRUCELLOSIS Since this bovine-porcine disease readily attacks man in the form of Undulant Fever, its eradication from our cattle and swine herds is impera- tive. With one relatively small dairy herd still under quarantine and less than six swine herds known to be infected, complete eradication is v/ell within reach. Since Massachusetts is an importing state, with regard to both cattle and swine, it is difficult to keep disease out and we rely extensively on surveillance procedures and widespread testing. All dairy herds are subject to a BRT (Brucellosis Ring Test) every sixty days. All imports are retested and an MCI (Market Cattle Inspection) is conducted at slaughter plants. Brucellosis, once located, can be eradicated through herd depopulation or through a repeated test-and-remove-infected-animals procedure. The former is quick; the latter more costly of time though usually much less of a financial loss to the farmer. Total herd depopulation is the preferred method with swine. Since no state indemnity funds are available, it is imperative that we do our best to keep this disease out of our herds. Federal Uniform Methods and Rules, in effect as of January 1, 1982, classify Massachusetts an "A" state in Brucellosis. We hope to attain "Zero" status within Fiscal Year 1984. TUBERCULOSIS In humans, tuberculosis is endemic the world over and has, in recent years, made a resurgence in major United States cities. This has led to increased vigilance against the disease on farms and all cattle (dairy goats) in Massachusetts are tested regularly, although we are fortunate not to have had a reactor in more than two years. Testing and the MCI pro- gram will continue; this disease is still very real. During fy 1982, 18,715 cattle were tested, representing close to 85% of our known cattle population. HOG CHOLERA AND OTHER SWINE DISEASES The entire country has been free of Hog Cholera during fy 1982 although strong surveillance procedures continue in use. With greatly increasing numbers of tourists and world travellers, the risk of importing disease increases every year. Massachusetts permits the feeding of meat-containing garbage to swine, but requires that it be cooked before feeding. This heat treatment is the main protection we have against the possibility that raw pork, from another country, becomes the means of introducing either Hog Cholera or African Swine Fever. 48 During fy 1982 two swine herds were found suspect to the presence of PRV (Swine Pseudorabies Virus) and the depopulation of the breeding swine on both premises is under way. Legislation against the importation of swine from other than pseudorabies-f ree sources will be filed. EQUINE PROGRAMS Licensing of Horseback-riding Instructors and Riding Schools or Stables continues to be well-received. The former program, consumer protective in intent, has received considerable attention from neighboring states contem- plating a similar program. Approximately 800 persons hold the Instructor License. The majority work as Coaches, but most of the A- Level (Advanced) licenses are held by owner/operators of sizeable Riding Academies. The quality of Riding instruction available in Massachusetts is very high. Much is due to the presence here of the United States Olympic Team, but no small part results from the licensing program and the solid floor it puts under the sport of riding. Rules and Regulations under the law requiring the licensing of Horse Auctions and Transporters were promulgated in fy 1982 and actual licensing is expected to be in operation in early 1983. Ten thousand nine hundred sixty-one equines were tested for Equine Infectious Anemia (The Coggins Test) in fy 1982, twelve of which were positive. As in past years, almost all of the positives were found through the testing program conducted at a large sale barn in Massachusetts. The presence of acute EIA in both Vermont and New Hampshire underlines the necessity of keeping this program in place. Permission for Massachusetts- owned equines to attend Massachusetts Shows and Fairs with a negative Coggins Test dated within 24 months prior to show date was granted as of January 1, 1981 and appears to be working well. It results in some saving to Massachusetts horse owners and appears to have had, and be having, no negative impact on the EIA-control program. Although vaccination against Equine Encephalitis (EEE-WEE) is not man- datory, the Division of Animal Health issues a public notice each spring, urging horse and pony owners to have their animals vaccinated. Considered 100% effective, the widespread use of this vaccination is very probably respon- sible for the fact that no equine deaths from this disease have been reported over the last three fiscal years. Once again, the Chief Veterinary Health Officer, Dr. Victor P. LaBranche, emphasizes that human beings cannot contract this disease from horses and ponies. The term "Equine" in its name indi- cates only that equines, as well as humans, may contract the disease which is transmitted to them from domestic or wild birds by mosquitoes. A more extensive program to drug-test pulling animals (horses, ponies or oxen) at Fairs was inaugurated in fy 1982. Testing for the presence of illegal stimulants was conducted at the Massachusetts Racing Commission Laboratory and all tests were negative. This program has been exceptionally well received by all people who compete in these popular fair events. PET SHOP LICENSING Pet Shop licensing is conducted mainly as a disease-prevention and trace-back procedure. During fy 1982, as in several previous years, illegally imported psittacine birds (parrots) caused sporadic outbreaks of Velogenic Visceratropic Disease (VVND) in several areas of the country. Complete traceback of exposed birds was possible in Massachusetts, largely 49 due to the excellence of the record keeping in the licensed Pet Shops where most of such birds are sold. This ability to trace every exposed bird is of the utmost importance in the prevention here of a disease which easily has the capability of wiping out the poultry industry. GUARD DOG BUSINESS LICENSING A law requiring the licensing of guard dog businesses was passed late in fy 1982. Rules and Regulations for this have been proposed and hearings are scheduled in fy 1983. As with Pet Shops and Riding Stables, the Guard Dog business premises will be inspected by agents of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the Animal Rescue League of Boston. POULTRY PROGRAM With severely depleted field personnel in the poultry division, much of the work load had to be prioritized. As a result, disease blood-testing was completed at the expense of store inspections , which are done to check the weight and quality of all eggs being sold and ensure proper adherence to the quality control mandated by the use of the "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher" logo. The two Poultry Inspectors hired in the last month of fy 1982 strengthened the store inspections and resulted in an immediate rise in both the number of stores visited and the quality of the products offered. Since Massachusetts exports a high number of carefully-bred chicks each year, (1.6 million in fy 1982), blood-testing and disease freedom in the breeder flocks is extremely important to the state's agricultural economy. With the Division at full strength for the first time in two years we expect to be able to maintain our present high calibre of disease freedom and also show an improvement in the amount and quality of the store egg inspection. RABIES CONTROL Under this program we initiate the quarantining of any animal which has bitten a person. With rabies recently confirmed in ground animals in Massachusetts for the first time in many years, we have noted a greatly increased public and media interest in this disease as well as animal vaccinations against it. IN CONCLUSION The goal of this Division is good health, especially in the areas where human health is also involved, directly or indirectly. That we have had success in the total control of or eradication of some very important diseases is due primarily to the effort and dedication of all Division of Animal Health employees, both administrative and professional. We are also indebted to the excellent cooperation this office has always had from the Massachusetts' farming community, agents of the MSPCA, our federal counter- parts at USDA-APHIS, the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and the Massa- chusetts Farm Bureau Federation. We have also had invaluable support from within the Department of Food and Agriculture, the Secretary of Environmental Affairs, the Legislature and the Executive Office of the Commonwealth. We are deeply appreciative for the help each has offered and feel the state's present status, in animal health, reflects this joint effort. The budget appropriated for the Division for FY 1982 was $458,197. 50 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNSEL John J. McColgan, Counsel There were several bills filed in the Legislature in 1981 affecting the agricultural industry as well as the Department. Chapter 59. An Act relative to brucellosis in bovine animals. April 3rd, with emergency preamble. This bill authorizes the Director of Animal Health to prohibit the impor- tation of female cattle over five months of age and for breeding purposes, without an official certification of vaccination. Chapter 257. An Act further regulating the employment of minors. June 18th, This Act authorizes the employment of minors 16 years of age or older, provided that such minors are enrolled in a course of study and training in a cooperative vocational training program, including cooperative agricultural programs. Chapter 302. An Act relative to mosquito control by cities and towns in mosquito control districts, July 2nd. Clause 36C of said Section 5 was inserted into the law and provides that a city or town within a mosquito control district mav appropriate further money for the abatement of mosquitos, but that the program shall be under the supervision and control of the mosquito control project of which such city or town is a member. Chapter 351. Budget of the Commonwealth FY 1982, July 21. Most of the amendments affecting agriculture in calendar year 1981 will be found in the outside sections of the Appropriations Act. Chapter 351 had a record breaking 295 outside sections. Most of them created new laws. The General Court has since banned the practice of creating new laws in any future Appropriations Act. Section 254 of this Act, through Section 269, reorganizes the Department. Section 254 sets up new Divisions and Bureaus within the Department by amending Section 6 of Chapter 128. The other sections, 255 through 269, change the wording in the various laws so as to conform with the amendment to Section 6. There are errors and omissions which we are trying to rectify. Chapter 363. An Act authorizing the town of Monterey to withdraw from the Berkshire County Mosquito Control Project. Chapter 554. An Act authorizing the Hampshire, Franklin, Hampden Agri- cultural Society to hold a ten day horse racing meeting. Chapter 558. An Act further regulating racing days in the Commonwealth. Approved Nov. 18. Effective Nov. 19. 51 The bill, among other things, amends paragraph (g) of Section 2 of Chapter 128 of the General Laws. It rewrote the entire paragraph which deals with the Massachusetts Thoroughbred Breeding Program. It also authorized the Department to establish rules and regulations affecting the program. Chapter 701, An Act relative to the retirement rights of persons employed by the County Cooperative Extension Service in Suffolk County. December 24. 52 BUREAU OF DAIRYING Arthur W. Hoyt, Chief All fluid milk sold in Massachusetts, and all milk handled by milk and pasteurization plants licensed by Massachusetts, must come from dairy farms that are licensed by the Commissioner of the Depart- ment of Food & Agriculture. The inspection work is carried out by the Bureau of Dairying. The geographical area covered is all of New England plus a gradual westward expansion from eastern through central New York state. In the year ending Oune 30, 1982, Bureau personnel made 8,103 dairy farm inspections and 1,928 reinspections. Those farms that still did not conform to Massachusetts laws and regulations were processed through our exclusionary procedure, which resulted in thirty-four Department Hearings and the subsequent exclusion of thirteen dairy farms from Massachusetts markets. Other non-conform- ing farms either shifted markets or went out of business. The mastitis sample collecting program, which is operated in conjunction with the diagnostic laboratory at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, used four inspectors full time, and they sampled 6A-1 herds, 3,511 cows and delivered 138,352 samples to the laboratory. These samples were analyzed and the results forwarded to the herd owner and his veterinarian. Implementation of approp- riate control measures by producers results in better quality and increased production. Inspection and grading work performed for U.S.D.A. through a cooperative agreement was continued, but on a reduced schedule due to our manpower shortage. Sampling of original vendor lots of dry skimmed milk, manufactured by Massachusetts companies for purchase by U.S.D.A., is continuing. Also, inspection surveys of manufacturing facilities for U.S.D.A. license continue to be carried out. The sampling of U.S.D.A. dry skimmed milk powder already in storage at locations in Lawrence, Lowell and Chicopee has been discontinued because of manpower requirements. Income from grading and sampling work performed in the fiscal year is $6,829.00 The Bureau inspected 79 milk plants for licensing this year. Of these 79 plants, Zk were out of state pasteurization plants whose products were sold within the state. Bureau personnel certified by the United States Public Health Service as Milk Sanitation Rating Officers completed all Massachusetts dairy industry requests for Interstate Milk Shipper raw milk sanitation and enforcement ratings. 53 DIVISION OF FAIRS Stephen F. Quinn, Director In spite of cold, rainy and raw days--probably the worst fall weather- in some years — our fairs managed to break records in attendance and exhibits. This is not only the first year we recorded over 3,000,000 patrons visiting one of the agricultural fairs within the state, but the total attendance of 4,160,643 is an all time high and is an increase of 25 percent over last year . A total of $315,168 were expended for prizes by the state and $136,770 were added by the fair societies themselves for the promotion of agriculture. Exhibits displayed numbered 88,522 and 38,206 were exhibits planned by youth or youth groups. The Massachusetts Building exhibits at the Eastern States Exhibition in West Springfield enjoyed a tremendous reception in spite of the fact that the weather was poor on seven out of the twelve days. Nevertheless, 1,016,051 patrons, down 73,949 from the previous year, came to see the exhibits and spend enough money to make the fair the most profitable of all times. New exhibits included a few manufacturing companies who process within the state and utilize our raw agricultural products. They were the Oxford Pickle Company, Friendly Ice Cream, and Carando Meats. The fairgoers truly enjoyed a sample of their products. The Soil Conservation Service did a great job with an exhibit on soil erosion and measures to prevent it. Ten part-time fair inspectors were employed again this year to help aid the Division in its monitoring of the agriculture prizes and the use of rehabilita- tion monies. The rehabilitation committee met in Ashland at the 4-H Center in December and approved $80,500 from request of $361,085, from 49 fairs. The wool blanket program established during the previous year received national recognition as a great direct marketing approach in assisting the wool industry. Growers who took part in the program received $1.25 per pound for their wool as opposed to those who sold directly into the New England pool, who received only 78 cents per pound. Over twelve hundred blankets were manufactured and sold to obtain this goal. This year we expect to manufacture over two thousand blankets with the raw price of wool at forty cents per pound. Nationally there is a great need to further promote the concept of this program. The total appropriated budget for the fiscal year was $759,613. Of this total $472,113 were appropriated for the fair prize awards, fair inspections, promotional programs, and administration costs; $87,500 were appropriated for the rehabilitation program to help assist with the upkeep at the fair grounds; $200,000 for the Thoroughbred and Standardbred programs. With the enactment of Chapter 558 of the Acts of 1981 further promoting the equine industry in the State, three new accounts were set up within the Division and were funded through a supplementary budget. The Thoroughbred Program received $220,000; The Standard- Bred Program received $152,031 and the Tufts School of Veterinary Medicine received $65,657 for equine research, scholarships and loans. 54 THOROUGHBRED HORSE PROGRAM Pete Bundy, Supervisor The Massachusetts Thoroughbred Breeding Program was greatly enlarged in November of 1981 with the passage of Chapter 558 of the General Laws of 1981. Previously, the program was strictly a breeder and stallion incentive award program. Cash prizes of 20% of purse monies won were awarded to breeders of winning thoroughbred horses. An additional 5% of purse monies won was awarded to the owner of the registered Massachusetts Thoroughbred stallion which sired the winner. These purse monies had to be won at Massa- chusetts thoroughbred race tracks. With passage of the new legislation, the breeder awards have been increased to 25%, and stallion owners' awards to 15% of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place purse monies won. Also, an owners' award of 5% of purses won has been established. The new law also provides for funding of purse monies for stakes races restricted to Massachusetts bred Thoroughbred horses. Obviously, the intent of this legislation is to promote the breeding of Thoroughbred horses in the Commonwealth, and to encourage "horse-farming" and the preservation of agricultural land in Massachusetts. The Thoroughbred Breeding Program is now funded from 80% of one-Quarter of one percent of the total handle at Suffolk Downs. The remaining 20% of one- Quarter of one percent is used to help fund equine research and scholarships at Tufts School of Veterinary Medicine. These monies are subject to appropriation by the Massachusetts legislature. Another step in enhancing Thoroughbred Breeding in the State was the funding of the Massachusetts Thoroughbred Breeders Association in 1981. This group has been working with our Department of Food and Agriculture, and has been most helpful in promoting Thoroughbred breeding in Massachusetts. As a result of the new program, several new Thoroughbred stallions have been brought to Massachusetts to stand at stud. Most of these stallions have excellent bloodlines, and mare owners in the state will be anxious to breed to them. New breeders are registering foals, and the Thoroughbred census in the state appears to have nearly doubled, though it is too early in the program to estimate an accurate picture of the census three or four years hence. In the fiscal year July 1st, 1981-June 30, 1982, breeder, owner, and stallion awards amounted to $222,814,25 for Massachusetts-bred thoroughbreds racing at Suffolk Downs and three agricultural fairs. In this period, Massachusetts-bred went postward 1,179 times accounting for 139 wins, 169 2nds , and 136 thirds. 55 STANDARDBRED PROGRAM Barbara E. Dolloff» Supervisor The Standardbred Horse Breeding Program encouraqes and promotes the breed- ing, propagation, ownership, raising, racing and marketing of Standardbred hor- ses bred in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Thus it encourges the keeping of open lands to promote agriculture and agricultural related industries within the Commonwealth. Fiscal 1982 brought many positive changes to the program with the enactment of Chapter 558, Acts of 1981 of the General Laws. Monies for this program will now be derived from h of 1% of the total handle at harness tracks located within the Commonwealth. This money is taken from the 3% tax on wagering that is paid daily by the track to the Commonwealth. The horsemen have responded to the new legislation by investing heavily in new farms, building and repairing of barns, purchasing farm machinery and the breeding and buying of Massachusetts bred standardbred horses. Ther are 49.4% more acres being utilized by stallions in this program since passage of Chapter 558. Stallion registration has increased by 60% and yearling registration is up by 43%. Though the breeding reports for this period have not been received as of this writing, an unofficial survey indicates a 120% growth. Appropriation for fiscal year 1982 was ?100,000.00. Total expenditures for the program were $99,921.52; $83,023.00 of this was used for purses and $2,248.52 for promotional expenses. J'iTi^^ 56 DIVISION OF MARKETS John J. Fitzgerald, Director The Division of Markets functions as a regulatory and a marketing agency in the Department of Food and Agriculture. The Promotional and Information Section, supervised by Assistant Director Guy L. Paris, is involved in various activities such as commodity promotions, which are conducted with the cooperation of commodity groups. In fiscal year 1982, promotional funds which were shared equally with commodity groups were eliminated from the budget. Many of the programs which were administered during the past ten years ceased. It is now promising that fiscal year 1983 will bring new funds and the commodity promotional programs will resume. With limited funds, the Division continued and expanded the "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher" trademark program. Many retail outlets used this logo in their weekly newspaper ads. Massachusetts agricultural products are also promoted through the publication of pamphlets listing local "Pick-your-Own" vegetables, strawberries, blueberries, apples and other fruits, "Cut-your-Own" Christmas trees, fresh Massachusetts turkeys, and locations of Farmers and Gardeners markets. This section has been very active this year in developing sales contacts for large food market product buyers. It also cooperates with U.S. Department of Agriculture Market News Service in collecting, publishing and distributing by telephone, mail, radio and newspapers timely information on market prices, supplies, and demand of fresh fruit and vegetables at the Boston Market and at the Springfield Market. Prices and other information related to marketing of ornamental crops at the Boston Flower Exchange are compiled and published in the same manner as those of fresh fruits and vegetables. It is through these reports that growers, retailers and shippers are informed of marketing conditions and prices. Other marketing information released by this section includes weekly Special Apple Reports and a weekly Food Buyers Guide. Milk flavoring program provides an organoleptic evaluation service for the milk industry with the objective of guaranteeing consumer satisfaction with the flavor quality of milk they purchase. Samples taken from milk plants and milk producers range from 5 to 250 per examination with the average monthly total including 50 finished products, 90 blended tank shipment and 755 farm samples. The budget appropriated for the Division for fiscal year 1982 was $295,100.00. 57 PUBr.IC INFORMATION - Janet Christensen In a state where the vast majority of residents do not live in the midst of a farming community, the public information program helps "build a constituency" for local agriculture as well as advise farmers about Departmental programs. The better informed the oublic is about the current farm situation and the industry, the greater the likelihood of understanding and support for the various activities aimed toward boosting local agricultural production. In an urban state such as Massachusetts, for example, protecting farmland from commercial development is essential and related efforts such as the Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program can benefit from wide public exposure. News releases and publications of the Department also aim to increase the demand for local farm products so that farmers will be encouraged to grow more, not less. Information about what's in season and where it's available is offered to food editors, radio and TV stations. Also, a series of brochures about local crops, their nutritional value and uses has been widely distributed to the press and at roadside farm stands and farmers markets across the state. Other topics covered in news releases include community gardening, fairs and various Departmental activities and agricultural events. This year the Pesticide Bureau of the Department initiated a "Pesticide Information Center" and the public information office has cooperated with the Bureau in its effort to better inform the public about all aspects of pesticides and current issues such as gypsy moths, mosquito control and the use of herbicides on rights-of-way. This office also coordinated press activities for the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture during its 1981 annual fall meeting in Boston and hosted the concurrent annual meeting of the Communications Officers of State Departments of Agriculture. Credit is due to the outstanding assistance offered through student internships from Simmons College, Framingham State College and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. The enthusiastic help of several students from these schools this past year was indispensable to the completion of a wide variety of public information projects. Farmers markets continued to be one of the media's favorite agricultural topics. This year the listing of markets across the state tallied to a total of forty-six, a significant growth from the 1976 listing of seven locations. The public information officer serves on the board of the Massachusetts Federation of Farmers Markets and assists in the publication of the Federation newsletter. Direct marketing grants, made possible by funding to the state from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, were also publicized by this office. Awarded during a visit to Massachusetts by U.S. Secretary of Agriculture John R. Block, the grants were made to "foster innovations in increasing the marketing of farm products directly from farmers to local institutions, supermarkets, grocery stores and other retail outlets". The matching grants totaling ?40,000 were made to twelve local businesses and associations. 58 ROADSIDE MARKETING - Craig Richov To keep Massachusetts a leader in direct marketing, farm marketers in the Commonwealth are offered the consulting services of the Department's Roadside Marketing Specialist. The Specialist visited over 200 farms this year, and his recommendations to grower-retailers are intended to further upgrade the appearance, image and success of the the $30 million plus roadside marketing industry. His monthly Newsletter informs growers of current marketing trends and retailing techniques and successes. Plans for new roadside markets were provided in Lakeville, Westport and Northboro, and improved market layouts were recommended for over 20 stands across the state. The Specialist also held a marketing seminar and market tour during the New England Vegetable Growers Conference in December. Promotional activities of the marketing specialist include the distri- bution of "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher" promotional materials and participa- tion with the Massachusetts Vegetable Growers Association Marketing and Promotion Committee. A fall harvest display and information booth promoted Massachusetts products at the Massachusetts Building at the Eastern States Exposition in West Springfield and provided fair goers with information on roadside stands, farmers markets and pick-your-own operations. As chairman of the Massachusetts Federation of Farmers and Gardeners Markets promotion and exhibits committee, the Roadside Marketing Specialist has promoted farmers markets through informative exhibits and actual live farmers markets at the Eastern States Exposition and smaller fairs and functions throughout the year. FOREIGN TRADE SECTION - Dr. Schiva Gandhi in this fiscal year, the economic trends of the day have had a tremendous impact on the Massachusetts agribusiness firms participating m the export programs of the Division of Markets. European community processing subsidies, a strong U.S. dollar and the economic recession in Europe have served to reduce U.S. exports to the European community. Lesser developed countries strapped for foreign exchange have been concentrating on importing only "essential and necessary commodities". Faced with these harsh realities and eager to tap all potential world markets, the hundred or so Massachusetts firms (new- to-export or experienced exporters) have been actively utlizing the services and resources of the Foreign Trade Section. Thus there has been a marked increase in inquiries on agricultural statistics, latest developments in foreign markets and other information relating to foreign trade. 59 An interested producer, who has a good quality product that is selling well in the domestic market, and has a definite interest in market expansion, has been encouraged to try the export markets. These companies, as well as established exporters, are developing a large number of sales from TORS (Trade Opportunity Referral Service) contacts, as well as Export Briefs. Increasing numbers of Massachusetts firms are introducing their food and agricultural products to foreign markets through the FAS publication CONTACTS, which is translated into various languages and distributed worldwide. Buyers in foreign countries are in turn contacting Massachusetts exporters, listed in each publication, for possible purchases. Cabled sales leads for various food and agricultural products received from buyers throughout the world are frequently channeled via EUSAFEC (Eastern U.S. Agricultural and Food Export Council, Inc.) representatives and USDA Export Service Division to the Foreign Trade Section. These sales leads are in turn disseminated through this office to various producers and exporters of agric- ultural food products in the State for further action. Trade delegations and foreign buyers visiting Massachusetts often contact the Foreign Trade Section. This section, in conjunction with other agencies, informs the producers and exporters of such visits and provides liason service between buyers and sellers, as well as acquainting them with the products available from the State of Massachusetts. EUSAFEC program committee meetings are regularly attended throughout the year. At these meetings the members formulate policies to be adopted and initiatives to be taken to increase the exports of food and other agricultural products. This year EUSAFEC sponsored the first U.S. International Food Show which took place in the New York Coliseum. The general concensus is that the show was an outstanding success and the vast majority of exhibitors are looking forward to the next show. Representatives of food manufacturing companies and processors as well as official organizations in all sectors of the food and drink industry are always eager to receive information on the upcoming food and agricultural expositions, for it provides them with an ideal opportunity to introduce new products, identify new markets and new trends in food processing, as well as boost sales in national and international markets. The Foreign Trade Section is currently concentrating on disseminating information on the NASDA National Food & Agricultural Exposition to take place at the World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia on May 17-19, 1983. The first national food show ever to be held in the U.S., the Exposition is sponsored jointly by the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture (NASDA) and the Foreign Agricultural Service of the USDA. For three days, Atlanta's World Congress Center will be an international marketplace, where buyers, suppliers and brokers will examine, compare and discuss the most comprehensive range of fresh, frozen and processed food, beverages and wines ever assembled under one toof. 60 Inspection & Regulatory Services James M. Cassidy Among our many regulatory services, of major importance is the Federal- State Inspection Service. For 63 continuous years all state agriculture departments in the nation have cooperated with the U.S.D.A. in providing shipping point fruit and vegetable inspections for their own states' farm products. This inspection service is offered to any financially interested parties within the Commonwealth on a fee basis and thus the program becomes self- sustaining. All fees are retained by the Commonwealth except for a very small administrative cost retained by the U.S.D.A. For many years this Inspection Service in Massachusetts, through strict adherence to grades and other essential data, has done much to upgrade the quality, condition and grade of the final product. Massachusetts leads the world in the production of cranberries and many shipments of this product carry a Federal-State certificate. By law all apples must be inspected for export and our inspection service has been instrumental in helping Bay State farmers maintain this lucrative market. The inspection service has aided in developing new methods of transportation, especially in the export field. The greatest demand for our inspection service again has been on the shipment of export apples, mainly to the United Kingdom. Apples are also inspected for shipment to California where the demand has been increasing each year, and for military purchases. The export apple inspection is of major importance, due primarily to the demand and acceptance of controlled atmosphere stored apples, our valuable Mcintosh variety and our quality packs. Mcintosh apples cannot be grown successfully in European countries. The controlled atmosphere method of storing apples greatly lengthens the marketing season and allows shipment of apples in good condition well into June, thus providing a more orderly marketing season for the entire apple indusry. Shipping point inspections are also made in wholesale lots of potatoes, onions and cranberries and apples are inspected at a major processing plant. The revenue generated by this service is in direct proportion to the size of the agricultural crop and since our apple harvest was severely restricted due to the whims of nature, the total inspection revenue was reduced over last season. Inspections are also made and samples drawn at wholesale markets and retail stores in order to insure the correct and honest labeling and grading of apples, potatoes, agriculture seed, vegetable, flower, lawn seed, animal feed, pet food, specialty fertilizer, agricultural fertilizers and limestone. All of these various farm products are registerd on an annual or semi-annual basis, and proper fees, penalties and taxes are collected. 61 Calendar Year* The program requires close cooperation with other state agencies and the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and the Food & Drug Administration. The program also includes a control on the "Native Law", controlled atmosphere apple storage rooms, cider mills and roadside stands. SEED INSPECTION PROGRAM/OFFICIAL TESTED Agriculture Mixtures (lawn) Vegetables Flowers 1978 1979 1980 62 37 86 103 477 528 206 132 831 800 772 1981 54 61 100 57 445 507 173 215 840 15 Stop sale orders covering 58 lots on 556 packages of seed removed from sale poor germination, noxious weeds, unfit for seeding, out of date test. FRUIT & VEGETABLE INSPECTION REVENUE 1978 1979 1980 1981 Apples $10,061.74 $16,090.07 $11,084.50 $6,012.06 Cranberries 577.00 220.00 Onions 2,979.96 1,741.96 219.10 32.00 Potatoes 3,251.25 4,411.57 826.68 157.50 $16,292.95 $22,820.60 $12,130.28 $6,421.56 FEED, FERTILIZER AND LIME REGISTRATION - 1978 1979 1980 1981 Feed/a 2,008 2,014 1,922 1,857 Fertilizer :/b 697 799 732 729 Fertilizer :/c 14 14 12 12 Lime 29 24 31 31 FEED, FERTILIZER AND LIME REVENUE 1978 1979 1980 1981 Feed/a $51,900.00 $50,350.00 $48,050.00 $46,425.00 Fertilizer :/b 18,200.00 20,125.00 18,300.00 18,225.00 Fertilizer :/c 1,750.00 1,750.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 Lime/d 725.00 600.00 775.00 775.00 Fertilizer :/e 8,849.90 10,826.73 15,722.29 12,v)52.31 Fertilizer :/f 2,197.10 1,348.81 3,929.57 2,760.54 Total $83,422.00 $85,000.54 $88,276.86 $85,398.16 /a Brands /d Brands /b Specialty brands /e Tonnage /c Commercial plants /f Penalties ♦Registrations and revenue are collected on a calendar year. Revenue generated by inspection and registration fees totaled $91,819.72 62 BUREAU OF MILK ^4ARKETING John B. Kelley, Director The Division closed its first operational year under a streamlined Departmental reorganization which welded State Milk Control operations into a new Division of Regulatory Services. The Division continued to fulfill its assigned functions in requiring compliance with state laws aimed at preventing disruptions in milk markets. One of the largest fluid milk handlers in the Commonwealth has filed for bankruptcy for the second time. This unfortunate occurrence has tested the resources of the staff while causing financial harm to the dairy producers involved. New irarkets have been secured and the Division continues to involve itself with the cooperation and assignment of the United States court in a final resolution. The Bureau of Milk Marketing has assumed the bonding responsibilities of the Department of Food & Agriculture under Chapter 94 Section 94A. Using revised monitoring procedures, the bonding requirements of individuals are being reviewed on an on-going basis and additional bond is being required in response to shifts in market conditions. Field accounting responsibilities of the Bureau of Milk Marketing will substantially increase in the forthcoming year. As mandated by Congress, the Commodity Credit Corporation, commencing December 1, 1982 will demand a strict deduction of 50<: for hundredweight of all milk marketed by Massachusetts producers. During the fiscal year licensing of all milk dealers at wholesale and retail was drastically improved by implementation of the new data processing system established in the Department to give information at the press of a button while reducing clerical workload. All listings, mailing and questionaires were interfaced and 4100 applications were processed using the new system. The Bureau of Milk Marketing notes with warm approval the farsighted efforts of Massachusetts producers who this year, by voluntary deduction through dealers or co-operative associations, increased their contribution to Milk Promotion Services, Inc. from $361,800 to $424,209 or a hefty increase of $62,409. The "take-out" was increased from 8is<^ per hundredweight of milk shipped by the dairy farmer to lit per hundredweight of the milk shipped. 63 Lewis F. PESTICIDE PROGRAM Wells, Jr., Program Supervisor The fiscal year 1981-82 saw significant progress within the pesticide program. The activities concerning the regulation of pesticides in Mas- sachusetts are carried out under authority granted by Chapter 132B of the General Laws. Control of the use and application of pesticides is vested in the Department of Food & Agriculture. One of the significant steps instituted during the fiscal year was the establishment of a Pesticide Information Center. Increased public concern about such issues as Gypsy Moth infestation, mosquito control, and the use of herbicides on rights-of-way has prompted this new service. The center maintains a resource library to provide for the release of information to industry and government agencies as well as to the public and the press. The center has already prepared and made available an infor- mation bulletin entitled "A Homeowners Guide to the Safe and Proper Use of Pesticides", a bimonthly bulletin listing enforcement and registrative actions, as well as several advisory statements directed toward applicators. The number of enforcement activities continued to increase in line with the comprehensive pesticide regulatory scheme set forth in Chapter 132B of the General Laws. Enforcement activities included inspecting the more than 100 pesticide manufacturing plants, routine inspections of pesticide deal- ers and applicators, and also hundreds of responses to consumer complaints con- cerning pesticides. During the period from July 1, 1981 through June 30, 1982, the Pesticide Bureau received 92 complaints concerning pesticide use or pesticide products. The result of these investigations has been the issuance of 39 Administrative Orders, and the suspension of an Applicator's license. Investigations other than those initiated by consumer complaints resulted in the issuance of an additional 34 administrative orders. During Fy82, a total of 9 new cases were referred to the Attorney General's office. Strict enforcement of the pesticide regulations will continue to be top priority with this program. During this fiscal year, an effort was made to upgrade many of the pesti- cide exams in order to keep up with label changes and to provide the highest possible level of testing. Also more than 70 re-certification training courses were offered, in cooperation with the Cooperative Extension Service and private industry, to ensure that certified applicators meet the requirements of chang- ing technology and to help applicators maintain a continuing ability to use pesticides safely. The listing below indicates that in all levels of licensing, more tests were administered and more persons issued licenses than in cne previous fiscal year. Applicators license Certification (private & commercial) FY' 81 577 3,649 FY' 82 910 3,789 Dealers 115 129 64 It is interesting to note that since testing under the current program began, over 11,000 people have taken the pesticide exams. Pesticide monitoring is another tool currently being used to aid the program in enforcing the laws and regulations. During this fiscal year, several locations in the state were monitored during aerial spraying of the Gyspy Moth and in relation to herbicide applications to rights-of-way. The FY82 budget for the Division of Regulatory Services included an amount of $84,295. 65 PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION Peter C. Kuzmiski, Director The defoliation of over two million acres of woodland and ornamental trees in this state by the Gypsy Moth was of major concern this year. During the previous year, this pest caused defoliation to over nine hundred thousand acres. One can see that 1981 was a banner year for this pest. The magnitude of this problem in the Northeast may well be shown by a few pertinent facts which can help to show this situation in proper perspective. Defoliated acreage in 1981 exceeded the cumulative total for the previous eight years. The 1981 acreage also represents 31% of the total defoliation which occurred in the 57 years since 1924 when compiling records began. Also, the combined defoliation for 1980 and 1981 represents 41% of the total recorded. From these facts it is evident that it will be difficult to deal with this pest not only in the Northeast but nationwide as well, if Gypsy Moth populations continue to build up in the infested areas and continue to advance to the South and West. Some control measures for this pest were carried out here by private and municipal agencies with varying degrees of success. State and Federal controls were quite limited due to budget constraints and opposition to chemical controls. In our annual inspection of nurseries throughout the state it was noted that the Gypsy Moth was not too serious a pest, although some damage was done to young evergreen plantations growing adjacent to heavily infested wooded areas. The regularly scheduled pest controls practiced by our nurserymen managed to keep damage to their plants by this pest to a minimum. Trapping and surveys were continued for presence of the Gypsy Moth, European Chafer and Red Stele disease of strawberry plants. No new finds of the European Chafer or Red Stele disease were recorded, and the Gypsy Moth survey was confined to the nurseries and lands abutting the nurseries. Inspections and certifications were made to allow the shipping of plants and seed into other states and countries. Plants growing here from foreign countries were examined and grown under quarantine as required under the federal postentry plant quarantine. In our public information activities many inquiries were received relative to numerous phases of agriculture and horticulture. Information was disseminated via telephone, correspondence, personal visits and news media. Participation in weekly and monthly radio programs by the Division personnel was continued this year. Inspection of honey bees continued this year with emphasis on colonies located in Worcester, Norfolk, Plymouth, Hampshire and Hampden counties. Incidence of the foul brood diseases averaged from 3 to 4% depending upon the geographical locations of the colonies. Honey flow was poor at the start of the season due to drought conditions; however, the flow was good after the fruit bloom in May. 66 Over 3500 bees were collected and sent to the federal bee laboratory to be examined for mites as part of a bee mite survey. None of our specimens were found to be infested with bee mites. The use of an encapsulated pesticide "Pencap-M" by some farmers and orchidists caused severe damage to honey bees this year. Emergency regulations by our Pesticide Board restricting the use of this material no doubt may be invoked next year. An estimated number of colonies of honey bees in this state is about 15,000, Each year we manage to inspect at least one half of this total. The following is a summary of the Division's activities for the fiscal year 1982 NURSERY INSPECTION No. Nurseries Inspected - 330 NO. Greenhouses Inspected - 52 No. Agents Licensed - 325 EXPORT CERTIFICATION Federal No. plant exports - 107 Federal No. log exports - 80 Federal No. apple exports - 200 (200,000 bu.) State No. plant exports - 268 State No. Tree & shrub seed - 503 Total certificates issued - 1158 POSTENTRY QUARANTINE 30 sites growing stock from foreign countries this year. RIBES (CURRANT AND GOOSEBERRY) CONTROL-AREA PERMITS 44 permits to applicants issued permitting the planting of Ribes in non-prohibited planting sites. GYPSY MOTH Acres defoliated 1980 - 907,075 Acres defoliated 1981 - 2,826,095 BROWN-TAIL MOTH A few small infestations of this pest still found in areas of Cape Cod. 67 PLANT PEST SURVEYS NO new finds resulting from surveys for presence of the European Chafer, Gypsy Moth, and Red Stele disease of strawberry plants. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE - APHIS CO-OPERATIVE PROGRAMS Programs included Japanese Beetle, Gypsy Moth, Black Stem Rust, and Pest Detection activities. One state collaborator terminated services with the federal agency this year. FINANCIAL REPORT The budget appropriated for the Division for this fiscal year was $103,427. Alassachusetts grown ...and fresher! 68 & n 2 O I g » » VJI • c • o« • K O •OC B HN cr BB O K»1 C+Oi 01 tfvD o a N> 3 K c* • td • i < i 1 z I 1 FRANKLIN HAMPDEN s SE 1 o g S -k -A .u 2 no 1 CT» -g ^ ro ro ro ^ 1 1 u 1 1 VO bi* .A o ^ -0 o> VJI vx 3 00 » tji -^ 04 *- VJI VO .A V} -A xn • S° s -k t rv> VJ« ro 3 ^ VJI ro -k VJI 3 VX ■ IV) > • • 0 !^ ■>J ^ rj V>l rv> ^ 1 1 iJ 1 1 VO s • N> VJI OD l: vx 3 00 o VJI 04 V>l o\ ^ VO -A VJ ..k • o go VO rv> rv> -k -A -» KJt o -k o\ V>l ::J o> .k o .A *- 1 U3 3 1 V>l ij o VO Ov ^ VO VO *■ 8 VJI 00 • -k VJI ex o\ ^ .A VJI ro ro ■>J ro ^ ^ z -k vx ro Vj4 ro • 1 1 1 2 p vn O -J .^ ■>) -k >■* [q8 • ro -A (DO •fl ro 00 V4< -k VJI •^ 1 VO • • .A .A o *• •c vx o VO o» OD O OV * ^ 2 V8 IV> -k o IV) o 1 1 1 1 VO O CD vn f\> o Vit o 00 • ^ D ■^ n 1 •fl Q ^ .^ WO • -k i^ o -k )& o o -k S g a> 1 ro •3 1 1 . 1 1 2 O ^^^" •A W • o o o o o o o o O MO 5? • • VJI V>l VO o o ^ VJI o ro OV .^ D vx ' ro B| ^ VO -k z OD 1 1 1 1 \o go ts> OD 1 o o o o o o o o 3 HO • 1^ .-Jb ^ On rv) .^ ' s 83 ro OD o o •>! 09 o o — k o\ 3 ro ro CO § VO OD ro t-3 M CO M O I o •»] »») o o 3 I z ■3 69 STATE RECLAMATION BOARD John J. McColgan, Chairman Mark S. Buff one, Entomologist Invariably, the ubiquitous mosquito familiar to many Bay-Staters returned once again for its scheduled annual appearance. The annoyance and disease potential associated with mosquitoes is a concern and a prime motivating factor for mosquito control programs in Massachusetts. Also, the trend of people moving outward into rural and suburban and wooded areas has resulted in many requests by municipalities to pursue mosquito control protection. MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT FUNDING Nine regional mosquito control agencies under the aegis of the State Reclamation Board implemented all currently available control tactics to battle this pest. Nationwide these agencies spend at least $60 million dollars a year to suppress the mosquito. In Massachusetts, the combined total efforts of regional mosquito control agencies cost approximately 2.5 million dollars. Also, a budget of $46,900 dollars covered the expenses of the staff of the State Reclamation Board for administering and overseeing the work of the state-wide mosquito operations this year. INTEGRATED MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS The mosquito control projects utilize a variety of methods to reduce mosquito populations. The methods practiced by mosquito control projects involve the following actions. 1. Surveys are conducted to search for immature mosquitoes or adults to determine relative abundance and species. This activity locates breeding areas of immature mosquitoes and resting spots of the biting adult. This step is essential in determining the most effective time to implement control methods. 2. Source reduction work (a permanent non-chemical approach) eliminates the water that the mosquito is dependent on whenever feasible. This method may consist of cleaning road-side ditches, culverts, streams, and removal of containers which hold water. 3. Ideally, the primary method is larviciding. The immature mosquito is abated while localized and confined in breeding areas before they emerge as blood-seeking adults. 4. Adulticiding is a method that focuses on controlling the flying adult migrating into residential areas. A very non-residual contact space aerosal is essential in reducing immediately nuisance mosquitoes and provides protection during potential disease outbreaks. Many factors must be considered before determining which of the above mentioned steps is best or acceptable for any given situation. For this reason, the experience and expertise of mosquito control projects plays a vital role in providing safe, economical, and effective mosquito control to the public. WEATHER AND MOSQUITO PRODUCTION In July 1981, weather conditions were favorable to management of mosquito populations. The absence of precipitation prevented the usual legion development and emergence of many of our common summer species of mosquitoes. Suddenly, in true New England fashion, a dramatic change in weather conditions took place during the spring and early summer of fiscal year 1982. Early spring rains and a 70 surprise blizzard on April 6, 1982 influenced pesky mosquitoes to emerge prematurely. In June, abnormal amounts of cold and continuous precipitation inundated many areas of the state. Of course, this event contributed to the overall mosquito breeding situation, although not as severly as expected. REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF MOSQUITO CONTROL PROGRAMS Once again, the State Reclamation Board sent questionnaires requesting specific mosquito control information to communities not currently members of a regional mosquito control project. The Board has attempted to accumulate specific information pertaining to local mosquito control programs. This is essential to safeguard against poor mosquito practices and to offer technical assistance to ensure effective and environmentally acceptable mosquito control programs. The response of the review and approval questionnaires of local mosquito control programs has been limited. During the 1982 mosquito season (latter part of fiscal year 1982) the Board received sixty-three (63) responses from various municipalities. Fifty-two (52) reported that no plans were anticipated for the ensuing mosquito year. Many municipalities cited the elimination of funds (Proposition 2*5) and the prioritization of the gypsy moth problems as the reason for no mosquito control. Twelve (12) local mosquito control programs were approved and one (1) was disapproved by the Board. MOSQUITO CONTROL LEGISLATION During the fiscal year 1982 a number of municipalities bearing the burdens of fiscal constraints opted to withdraw their financial support and participation in two mosquito control projects. A new law (Chapter 119 of the Acts of 1982) became effective authorizing municipalities of the Berkshire County Mosquito Control Project to withdraw via Town or City Council majority vote. As a result, nineteen municipalities voted to discontinue participation in the program. Also, the Town of Acton voted out of the Central Massachusetts Mosquito Control Project in order to undertake the tasks of mosquito control through a local effort. Nonetheless, their mosquito control program was reviewed and approved by the Board, Another law (Chapter 302 Acts of 1981) became effective July 1, 1981, allowing municipalities within a regional mosquito control project to raise additional funds above the state assessment for purposes of mosquito control work. However, this shall be under the supervision and control of the mosquito project of which the municipality is a member. BITING FLY PROJECT This year the Biting Fly Specialist position mutually supported by the State Reclamation Board and the University of Massachusetts has been terminated. This action represents a serious setback relative to the many mosquito problems that need attention in Massachusetts. 71 PHOTOS ; (adjacent to pages 34 and 35) Front Page; (clockwise from top left) Growers at Copley Square Farmers Market include John Arena and family of Con- cord (left), and Gilbert Griggs of Billerica (right); Channel 5 consumer re- porter Paula Lyons visits Russo's Greenhouses in Randolph; recipients of direct marketing grants made possible by U.S. Department of Agriculture funding; U.S. Agriculture Secretary John R. Block presents one of awards to representatives of Massachusetts Federation of Farmers and Gardeners Markets and Dorchester Gardenlands Preserve and Development Corporation; dairy and vegetable farmer Stephen Verrill of Concord addresses group at his farm for awarding of direct marketing grants and citations for participation in state agriculture preser- vation restriction program. Centerfold Page; (clockwise from top left) Pictured are some of the farms protected under the Massachusetts Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program: Michael Smolak, North Andover ; Florence Streeter, Cummington; Reynolds' Farm, James R. White, Rochester; Louis DeLucia, Methuen; Crescent Farm, Walter and Blanche Davidowicz, Haverhill; Joslin Hill Farm, Everett Harris, Leominster; Borgesi Brothers Farm, Methuen; Charles Jacque, Amherst; Hillcroft Farm, C. Edward Stillman, Lunenberg ; Joslin Hill Farm, Everett Harris, Leominster; Charles Jacque, Amherst; Retail stand with produce from farm of Mr . & Mrs. William S. Pettengill in Newburyport; center photos are: Borgesi Brothers Farm, Methuen; Retail store adjacent to Griff Farm, Clark B. Sundin, Jr., Holden; Joslin Hill Farm, Everett Harris, Leominster. Back Page: (clockwise from top left) Harnessing up at Tricounty Fair, Northampton; Standardbred waiting to race at Ralston Fair, Plainville; Standardbred race fans at Marshfield Fair; Race in progress at Sharlu Farms, Leverett; New owners washing down their first win at Spencer Fair; Mare with foal at Sharlu Farms, Leverett. Alassachusetts * ' grown. ..and fresher! The Annual Report of the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture was edited by Janet Christensen of the Department and Mary Ellen Powers, Framinghara State College student intern. 72 Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture 100 Cambridge Street Boston, MA 02202 Massachusetts Agriculture 1983 Michael S. Dukakis, Governor James S. Hoyte, Secretary of Environmental Affairs Frederic Wintlirop, Jr., Commissioner Food and Agriculture state Food and Agriculture Commissioner Frederic Winthrop, Jr. (right) points to signature of Governor Michael S. Dukakis on "Declaration Of Principle" for a new project called "Agriculture in the Classroom." Ceremomies were held during the June Dairy Festival on Boston Common. The classroom project will help promote a better understanding of agriculture in Massachusetts and across the nation. (see page 61) Cover photo: View of dairy farm in Millis, Massachusetts owned by Louis DeAngelis. The 81-acre property is one of 93 farm properties selected to date for participation in the state Agricultural Preservation Program. (see page 34) ^efva/)Ume/rU o/ ^ooa ana S^iCa/iUouMu^^ oLe^ve/H^dit C/aUoTii/aM tMtiMaiTia, jf \ N \ ^ \ I \ "> \ °-'> Dairy Products y 24% ^v \ A Greenhouse - '-^^ Nursery - 12^ 0th er '^'"ops-, C CROPS - 63% 30 UNITED STATES: CIVILIAN PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF MAJOR FOOD COMMODITIES, 1974-1981 1/ COMMODITY 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 2/ Pounds, Meats: 151.2 143.7 152.8 152.2 146.9 144.9 147.6 144.5 Beef 85.6 87.9 94.4 91.8 87.2 78.0 76.5 77.2 Veal 1.9 3.4 3.3 3.2 2.4 1.7 1.5 1.6 Lam & Mutton 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 Pork 61.8 50.7 53.7 55.8 55.9 63.8 68.3 65.0 Fish (edible weight): 12.1 12.2 12.9 12.7 13.4 13.0 12.8 13.0 Canned 4.7 4.3 4.2 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.8 Poultry Products: Eggs 36.1 35.2 34.2 33.9 34.5 35.2 34.6 33.6 Chicken (ready-to-cook) 40.7 40.1 42.7 44.1 46.7 50.6 50.1 51.7 Turkey (ready-to-cook) 8.8 8.5 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.9 10.5 10.7 Dairy Products: Cheese (excluding cottage) 14.6 14.3 15.7 16.1 17.0 17.2 17.6 18.2 Condensed & evaporated whole milk 5.6 5.3 5.0 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.8 4.1 Fluid milk 8 cream(product weight) 262.3 266.8 263.6 259.9 257.2 253.2 249.7 245.7 Ice Cream (product weight) 17.4 18.5 17.9 17.5 17.4 17.1 17.3 17.2 Fats & Oils - Total fat content 52.4 52.3 54.8 53.0 54.6 55.8 55.8 56.9 Butter (actual weight) 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.3 Margarine (actual weight) 11.1 11.0 11.9 11.4 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.2 Lard 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.5 Shortening 16.9 17.0 17.7 17.2 17.8 18.4 18.2 18.5 Other edible fats & oils 19.8 19.9 21.5 21.0 22.1 22.4 22.7 23.5 Fruits: Fresh 76.4 80.8 82.8 79.5 79.0 80.8 85.7 87.3 Citrus 26.6 28.4 28.1 25.5 25.7 23.8 28.1 24.6 Noncitrus 49.8 52.4 54.7 54.0 53.2 57.0 57.6 62.7 Processed: Canned fruit 19.3 19.0 18.6 19.0 17.9 17.8 17.4 16.4 Canned juice 13.0 14.6 14.5 13.6 16.5 16.9 16.7 19.1 Frozen (including juices) 12.0 14.0 13.6 14.0 12.5 12.6 13.0 12.7 Chilled citrus juices 5.2 5.6 6.1 5.7 6.0 5.4 5.8 4.2 Dried 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.6 2.4 2.4 Vegetables: Fresh 3/ 91.6 90.3 91.3 93.6 95.4 96.4 99.0 97.1 Canned (excluding potatoes) 52.9 51.9 53.0 53.1 51.8 53.2 49.8 45.9 Frozen (excluding potatoes) 10.1 9.6 10.1 10.2 10.7 11.2 10.4 11.3 Fresh potatoes 45.5 51.6 48.5 51.5 49.4 56.6 53.6 47.1 Frozen potato products 13.1 13.7 14.6 15.7 17.2 17.7 16.9 18.2 Sweetpotatoes 4/ 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.5 4.6 3.9 4.1 Grains: Wheat flour 5/ 111 114 119 116 115 117 117 117 Rice 7.5 7.6 7.1 7.5 5.7 9.4 9.4 11.0 Other: Coffee 9.6 9.2 9.4 6.9 7.9 8.5 7.8 7.7 Cocoa 3.0 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.9 Peanuts (shelled) 6.4 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.8 6.8 5.5 6.1 Dry edible beans 5.0 6.6 6.2 6.2 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.1 Melons 17.0 17.2 18.3 19.1 19.8 18.9 16.9 19.0 Sugar (refined) 95.6 89.1 93.4 94.2 91.4 89.3 83.7 79.4 Corn sweeteners 6/ 25.6 28.8 31.9 35.3 39.2 43.3 48.9 55.0 1/ Quantity in pounds, retail weight, unless otherwise shown. Data on calendar year basis except for dried fruits, fresh citrus fruits, peanuts, dry beans and rice which are on a crop-year basis, and eggs which are on a marketing-year basis, y Preliminary. 3/ Commercial production for sale as fresh produce. 4/ Table stock and processed. 5/ White, whole wheat, semolina, and durum flour. 6/ Fructose and glucose. 31 ANNUAL REPORT MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FISCAL YEAR 1983 JULY 1, 1982 TO JUNE 30, 1983 BOARD OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Ralph A. Baldasaro, Chairman, Chester Joseph Arena, East Boston John George, Jr., So. Dartmouth Henry Easterbrooks, Dudley George P. Faddoul , D.V.M., Lincoln Raymond E. Duda, Easthampton Arthur Wyman, Bridgewater DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ADMINISTRATION Frederic Winthrop, Jr., Commissioner William A. Starzec, Assistant Commissioner John J. Fitzgerald, Acting Director of Administration Erica L. Powers, General Counsel James T. Walsh, Head Aministrative Assistant Mary C. Reardon, Secretary to the Commissioner DIVISION OF ANIMAL HEALTH Mabel A. Owen, Director Dr. Victor LaBranche, Chief Veterinary Health Officer Harvey Smith, Supervisor of Poultry Products DIVISION OF REGULATORY SERVICES Lewis F. Wells, Jr., Acting Director PESTICIDE BUREAU Jeffrey Carlson, Acting Pesticide Program Supervisor BUREAU OF PLANT PEST CONTROL Peter C. Kuzmiski, Chief Thomas Leonard, Chief Apiary Inspector BUREAU OF FARM PRODUCTS James M. Cassidy, Assistant Director BUREAU OF DAIRYING David L. Sheldon, Chief George L. Pittman, Supervisor of Inspection BUREAU OF MILK MARKETING John B. Kelley, Director Peter F. Hines, Counsel DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT John J. Fitzgerald, Acting Director BUREAU OF MARKETS Guy L. Paris, Chief Janet M. Christensen, Public Information Officer BUREAU OF LAND USE Thomas W. Storrow, Chief Robert Woodruff, Land Use Administrator DIVISION OF FAIRS Stephen F. Quinn, Director Peter Bundy, Supervisor of Thorough- bred Program Barbara Doll off. Supervisor of Standardbred Program RECLAMATION BOARD Elizabeth Costello, Executive Secretary Mark S. Buff one. Entomologist 33 BUREAU OF LAND USE Thomas Storrow, Director The protection of agricultural land and the delivery of programs aimed at enhancing urban agriculture were the main efforts of the Bureau of Land Use in 1983. Through several programs created to encourage the preservation and utili- zation of farmland for agriculture, the Bureau strives to strengthen the local farm industry and improve the climate for a viable agricultural community. Outlined below are presentations of the most important activities of the Bureau of Land Use. AGRICULTURAL PRESERVATION RESTRICTION PROGRAM The Agricultural Preservation Restriction (APR) Program was established by the legislature in December, 1977, to protect the Commonwealth's rapidly dimi- nishing farmland resources through the purchase of Agricultural Preservation Restrictions, commonly known as development rights. It is a voluntary program whereby farmland owners apply to the Department of Food and Agriculture to sell a restriction on all or a portion of their property. After field inspections, a screening and selection process, appraisals, and approval by the Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee, the Commonwealth acquires these restrictions, which run in perpetuity, and prohibit all non-agricultural uses. Title to the land still rests with the landowner who enjoys all the traditional rights of property ownership, except the right to develop the land for non-agricultural purposes. Since the program's inception, more than 8518 acres have been protected statewide. There are also more than 8684 acres currently under appraisal. During the past five years the legislature has appropriated five million dollars each of the first four and twenty million dollars in 1982 for a total of $40 million to fund the program. The Massachusetts program is now the largest, most active statewide purchase of development rights programs in the country and is being used as a model by other states considering similar farmland protection techniques. APR Program Objectives Together with the Farmland Assessment Act (Chapter 61A M.G.L.), the APR Program is the cornerstone of the state's agriculture land protection policy. The main objective of the Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program is to limit the continued conversion of productive land through deed restriction and revitalize the agricultural industry by making land more accessible to farmers and their operations" more financially secure. The specific goals of the Program include the following: To retain the best and most productive agricultural land remaining in the Commonwealth; To provide an opportunity for farmers to purchase farmland at affordable prices; To help farmland owners overcome estate planning problems; 34 To provide working capital to enable farm operations to become more finan- cially stable; To address other personal ownership problems such as age, health, and retirement and; To develop a positive attitude among farmers, agri businessmen, landowners and urbanites that agriculture in Massachusetts is here to stay and that state government recognizes and supports agriculture's important contributions to the state's economy and rural character. The Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program is the only means for farmland owners to realize the cash equity in their land and at the same time ensure it will remain open and undeveloped. The value of the Agricultural Preservation Restriction (or development rights) is the difference between the full market value of the land and the land's agricultural value. In return for paying for the APR, the Commonwealth receives a deed restriction, in perpetuity, prohibiting any and all activities detrimental to the land's present or future agricultural potential. This cash payment is an investment in the state's agri- cultural land resource, which will be repaid time and again through the opera- tion of a viable agricultural economy. The Selection & Decision-making Process Decisions on properties selected by the APR Program are made by a nine member Agricultural Land Preservation Committee including officials from the state, federal and private sectors, two of whom must be farmers. The program is administered by a staff of two who are responsible for field work, evaluation of application, making appraisal assignments and guiding the application through the bureaucratic process. Four major criteria established under the enabling legislation guide the staff and Committee in decision making. In order of significance they are: 1. quality of the soils for agricultural production; 2. degree of threat of development; 3. significance of the farm to the State's agriculture; 4. environmental and community planning objectives. The APR program is very competitive, with more applications on hand than current funding permits. Therefore, emphasis is on protecting the farms that are in the most immediate jeopardy of passing out of farm ownership, most often into residential development. Assessing the degree of threat facing a farm's conversion to non- agricultural uses is-a task requiring careful judgement. The degree of threat has two aspects: 1. personal circumstances surrounding ownership, such as financial stress, age and health of owner, family problems and so on; and 2. physical characteristics of the land in terms of development potential, such as amount of road frontage, suitability of soils to support on-site sewage disposal systems, availability of water, sewer and utilities, building demand for the area, and local attitudes towards development. 35 One or more interviews with the owner are essential in order to determine the personal circumstances surrounding the owner's decision to submit an agri- cultural preservation application. In many cases, the prospect of retirement and the necessity of "cashing in" on the land is often the most important reason for submitting an application. Estate settlement and the division of assets among heirs can be another motivating factor. Financial problems such as fire, or dairy cow brucellosis and crop failure can also place a farm in jeopardy. Sometimes the personal and financial problems of the owner may not be so immediate, but the land may be valuable from a development standpoint and the temptation to sell too hard to resist. Many farmers have sold house lots or parcels of land to pay back taxes, or put children through college, even thugh they hated to do so. In many cases, the whole character of the neighborhood has changed, and the local attitudes are so pro-development that an individual may decide to sell and move to another area. The third major criterion, the significance of the farm to the state's agriculture, is another way of saying "how significant is the agricultural resource of this property and how does it relate to other farms in the area." The parcel's economic viability for agriculture is related to this criterion as well . Since agriculture is scattered throughout the state, the Massachusetts APR Program is statewide in nature. No particular region of the state has been targeted for farmland preservation. Each parcel of land before the Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee must bear some relationship to the farming activi- ties in the area, however, and only after careful consideration is the Committee interested in protecting an isolated farm. The farm must be large enough to stand on its own as an economically viable unit, and it must be significant in terms of its production and an asset to the local community or region. The Program administrators are concerned about the prospect of protecting an indivi- dual property, only to have it fail agriculturally and become an island of restricted land beyond the mainstream of the agricultural economy. Accordingly, we are attempting to create blocks of protected farmland by adding other land near farms already protected so that the overall viability of the farming area is maintained. The protected land can be in different ownership, but it must contribute to the integrity of the farming area. Parcel size is not necessarily a critical factor. For example, we have protected a seven acre field. But this field was a natural add-on to a large dairy farm which came to depend upon the field's production. If developed into house! ots, the field would have detracted from a larger farm and degraded the quality of the area for farming. Protecting that small field had significance far greater than its size alone. There are many collateral benefits of protecting a farm beyond its agri- cultural production capabilities. The most important of these in Massachusetts are scenic open space and watershed protecti on . In many cases communities iden- tify with these benefits more readily, and they can be very important locally. It is rare for a large farm in this state not to have important environmental attributes, which have long been identified by the community in their open space or growth policy plans. 36 A portion of the application is completed by the municipality where the land is located. Comments by the various boards on how the preservation of the farm fits into the community's open space, zoning and planning objectives are important to the Committee in its deliberation. In almost every instance, muni- cipal comments are favorable towards preservation of the subject property and other important agricultural land in the community as well. At monthly ALPC Committee meetings the staff presents information on soils, acreage, jeopardy, significance of the farm and municipal comments. Following a complete evaluation and discussion of the property, specific action is taken. The entire process is an open one and applicants and members of the public are welcome to attend. On farms with good soils that are financially and agriculturally viable and are in jeopardy the decision-making process is generally a straightforward one; however, often there are farms requiring considerable study and evaluation before a decision can be rendered. In cases where the Committee and staff are uncertain of the proper course of action, a "field team" of representatives from the APR staff, the USDA Soil Conservation Service and Extension Service visit the farm and make a second eva- luation of the property utilizing APR criteria. On several occasions during the past year the team's findings have been instrumental in helping the Committee resolve difficult evaluation of specific properties. The Appraisal Process Following the selection process, those farms the Committee wants to protect are nominated for appraisal. All appraisals are handled by independent, pro- fessional appraisers who are contracted to do the work by the APR staff. As mentioned earlier in this report, the value of the Agricultural Preservation Restriction (development rights) is the difference between the land's full market value and its agricultural value. The appraisal process is completed in three steps: 1. determination of market value, 2. determination of agricultural value, and 3. independent review of the market and agri- cultural value. The appraisal process is the most important component of the APR Program, because it is the value of the development rights that so often determines the success (or failure) of the individual project. Accordingly, it is of the highest priority that the appraisals are well thought out and accurate. The objective of the Program is to pay a fair price for the restriction, but at the same time ensure that the taxpayers' dollars are spent prudently and not wasted on land that may not have development potential. In many cases percolation tests are done to confirm whether the land can legally be developed under the State's Environmental Code, and market demand for residential, industrial or commercial use must be demonstrated in order to justify the full value of the property. The agricultural value is determined by utilizing the income capitalization approach based on the type of farming enterprise most likely to occur on the property. Comparable sales of restricted land are also employed. The APR Program's agricultural appraisers have recently undertaken a research project aimed at improving the data base and methodology of the agricultural appraisal process. 37 Once the market value and agricultural value and reports are completed, they are reviewed by another Independent professional appraiser to uncover any poten- tial errors or oversights. The review appraiser visits the farm and Inspects the comparable sales. When the review appraiser's summary report Is completed. It Is forwarded to the property owner with a cover letter explaining the results. The landowner then critiques the report and raises any questions about the appraisal. If questions arise that the program administrator cannot answer, the review appraiser Is asked to meet with the property owner and staff to discuss the appraisal. If the landowner Is still In disagreement as to the value, they may engage their own appraiser. If their position cannot be supported by market Infor- mation, the Department of Food and Agriculture's review appraiser has the final say. The program Is always receptive to landowner's remarks about the appraisal of their farmland. If agreement cannot be reached at one point In time, the project will be reconsidered when the land market reflects a positive change for the landowner. The Program staff tries to be successful with every project nominated for appraisal. Status of APR Program In May 1980, the Commonwealth's first agricultural preservation restriction was recorded. The recording of the first restriction meant that the total selection and acquisition process worked and that all state agencies and proce- dures necessary to complete such acquisitions had been Identified and met. The so-called selection/acquisition pipeline had been defined and was fully opera- tional (Table 1). The average time period for completing an acquisition Is 12 months. A summary of agricultural restriction acquisitions by fiscal year Is In Table 3. Over the four year period, a total of 77 properties with 6,753 acres have been restricted. In addition, 16 properties totalling 1755 acres are under purchase agreement. The total acquisition cost was $12,137,700. or $1863. per acre. Municipalities and private groups contributed 5 percent of the acquisi- tion monies. The statute enables municipalities to be co-holders of the deed restriction with the Department of Food and Agriculture 1f they provide assistance that Is acceptable to the Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee. Contributions are particularly encouraged in cities and towns where land values are high and where farmland possesses only local importance. Applications for the program have been received by the Department since January, 1979. Since that time 362 applications have been received. They are located in 12 counties and 146 municipalities. A total of 35,810 acres of land are under application and the owners' asking prices exceed $63 million (Table 1). New applications are continually being received. The general status of all applications received as of June 30, 1983 is categorized in Table 1. One of six status categories is available. Status A are those applications that have received payment and the property has been restricted. Payment is pending for Status B applications until a title search has been completed and cooperating state agencies provide their approval. Applications in categories C and D are under appraisal. If agreement as to value is obtained, then they will proceed to Status B if the Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee approves. As soon as additional funding is received by the program, applications in group E will be nominated for appraisal. Status F applications have been rejected for not meeting minimum program criteria and 38 long run program objectives. Without significant changes, the application would not be reconsidered. Applications in category F are low priority compared to groups A-E; however, over time the application could be selected if land improve- ments were made or if significant financial contribution was made by local government. A summary of program expenditures is presented in Table 2. As of June 30, 1983, the APR Program has expended $14,224,000. and committed $15,631,200. to projects under appraisal. It is noted that municipalities have also contributed a sum of $452,601. These contributions come close to paying for the administra- tive costs of the program, which permits the Commonwealth's dollars to be spent almost entirely on restriction purchases. Purchasing of development rights (restrictions) in Massachusetts is saving key agricultural land for local production. Many other economic and environmen- tal benefits are being realized. Farmland that otherwise would have been lost to development is now in the hands of younger farmers so that production will continue (Appendix A). Massachusetts taxpayers will have the opportunity to enjoy fresh fruits and vegetables, pick-your-own opportunities, a more varied landscape and the maintenance of agricultural businesses. 39 Table 1. Status of Applications Received — June 30, 1983 Number of Applications A. Acquisition Complete B. Final Vote Completed: Under Purchase Agreement C. Voted to Appraise D. Voted to Appraise but landowner refused offer. 1 E. Eligible projects awaiting action. F. Little Likelihood of funding due to low rating. G. Rejected. TOTAL 77 16 75 30 70 77 17 362 525 35,810 Acres 1 Actual Purchase/Estimall Purchase Price 6,763 $12,137,700. 1,755 $ 2,086,300. 8,684 $15,631,200.* 4,598 $ 8,276,400* 7,580 $13,644,000.* 5,908 $10,629,000.* $ 945,000.* $63,349,600. 1 Landowners have initially refused offer, however, circumstances may change and the projects can become viable at anytime. * Denotes estimated purchase price calculated by multiplying $1800 (statewide average cost/acre) times the acreage of each group. 40 Table 2. Summary of Program Expenditures and Commitments as of June 30. 1983. Expenditure Item Restriction Purchases Completed - 77 Properties Under Agreement - 16 Properties SUB-TOTAL Expenditure Amount $12,137,700. $ 2,086.300. $14,224,000. Adminstrative Costs Appraisal Services Farmland Appraisal Report Legal Services Supplies and Equipment Total Program Expenditures SUB-TOTAL $ $ $ $ $ 456,949. 25,750. 81,573. 6,377. 570.649. $14,794,649. 1 On a per acre basis, restriction purchases have an average cost of $1700. to $1800. 2 Administrative costs are four percent of the restriction purchase expenditure. Table 3. Summary of Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program Acquisitions By Fiscal Year, 1980-1983, Fiscal 1980 Fiscal 1981 Fiscal 1982 Fiscal 1983 Total Acquisitions Completed 2 16 24 35 77 Number of Acres 97 1431 2122 3113 6763 Acquistion Cost $280,000. $2,776,225. $3,744,350. $5,337,125. $12,137,70C Town Contributions $ 25.500. $ 161,372. $ 178,585. $ 87, 143. $ 452 ,60 Net Cost to Commonwealth $254,500. $2,614,852. $3,565,765. $ 5,249 ,982. $11,685,09 41 Table 4. County Location and Number of APR Applications Received as of June 30, 1983. County Barnstable Berkshire Bristol Dukes Essex Franklin Hampden Hampshire Middlesex Norfolk Plymouth Worcester TOTALS* ♦Approximately 100 new applications are received each year, of which about one-half may be approved. Municipalities Represented Number of Applications Acreage 4 4 312 8 18 3.043 12 31 2,466 3 5 394 13 38 3,047 9 22 2,814 9 21 1,993 13 59 5,432 21 44 2,486 8 16 884 14 27 2,975 32. 77 9,964 146 362 35.810 42 — u k ■ e o — — 3 ♦• «- M M — e • MOW o u — a • o — u o • O • — o o 3 0 O *■ o • e u. >. ^ 0 & V ■ — • ♦- u ^ u — • o e — a 3 a • ■ ■ a o QUO e ♦■ a • • > e • I. - 0 1. • «- — 3 C O ♦- ^ » • o — o a u 3 « • — — c u a u « a a — I. a < ■ — L 9 9 ■O ^ 0 ♦- u « ■ >» a u A ^ 1 ■o 0 3 • a. N • * U « a ♦- 3 « e u ^ I. a. • £ •o ^ < u £ +• e HI < ♦• 0 w w ^ > u e e m "O M « • a • • £ G -O 0 a. 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HI •o o a ^ u A • • u e 01 3 • e a e u > a w ot a> a c ■* ^ e ■^ Ol e a e a 1. iil e m HI « 0 01 s B • < ^ ■ u 0 HI i. L u O ■^ • a • c e ^ ^ < m 0 >■ ^ B 0 ^ HI m £ u 0 0 Ifc e ♦• •H ^ lA a a. -o • e e L. ♦- a e ■ • a ^ 0 • • a a • • ■ a u ■ £ u u • 3 u c C u u a. u U 3 PO • a ^ ^ -1 O) 0 0 1 X d other ttian cropland and woodland pastured farms.. acres.. Land m house lots, ponds, roads, wastelarvt, etc. fanro.. acres. Irrigated land farms. acres. All Farms number. Land in farms acres. Average sae of farm acres. Value of land and tiuMings': Average per farm dollars. Average per acre dollars. Farms t>y size: 1 to 9 acres 10 to 49 acres 50 to 179 acres 180 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1.000 to 1,999 acres. 2,000 aaes or more . S 403 4 946 B21 902 617 359 115 125 208 628' 163 339 1 961 1 443 921 798 1 652 1 399 1 613 1 698 654 683 130 137 24 25 9 6 4 941 4 845 266 065 276 686 4 606 4 397 197 768 197 405 1 653 1 845 51 663 62 358 904 1 021 16 614 16 923 3 274 2 982 253 550 252 134 870 661 31 977 28 882 3 735 3 261 70 310 59 657 1 000 966 17 636 16 753 'Data are based on a aaniple of farms U.S. Department of Commerce BUREAU OF THE CENSUS For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D C.2O402 75 ■nPSIiPLI AIPTK AGSZ S4210610 1i/29/»3 18:32 il00/84A CENK) DATA NONE TABLE SUMMARY AOWPBTlPSTtHf 14 RAW TEXT: AQ»2'PflTIPSHAWT14 TAPE: 858734 FRAME 1 Table 2. Selected Summary Items: 1982 and 1978 All fwm* 1982 All farms 1982 1978 Maiket value of aghcultural products add $1,000. Average per farm dollars. Crops, including nursery and greenhouse products $1,000. Grains $1,000. Cotton and cottonseed $1,000. Tobacco $1,000. Hay, silage, and fie4d saeda $1,000. Vegetables, sweet com, and melons $1,000. FnJis. nuts, and berres $1,000. Nursery and greenhouse products... $1,000. Other crops $1,000. Livestock, poultry, and their producli $1,000. Poultry and poultty product* $1,000. Dairy products $1,000. Cattle and calves $1,000. Sheep, lambs, and wool $1,000. Hogs and pigs $1,000. Other livestock and tvestock products $1,000. Fanns t>y value of sales: $250,000 or more' $100,000 to $249,999' $40,000 to $99,999 $20,000 to $39,999 $10,000 to $19,999 $5,000 to $9.999 - Less ttian $5.000 Value of agncultural products so(d drecDy to indivkJ'jals for human consumption farms. $1,000. Farm-related income: Income from madWie worli, custorrmaiK and other agricultural services farms.. Si ,000. Farms by type of organdaliorv IndividuaJ or family number.. aaes. Partnership number. acres. Corporation: Famify held number,. acres.. Ottier than family held number.. aaes. Other— cooperatrve, estate or trust institutional, etc number.. acres.. Terture of operator Full owners farms., acres- Pan owners farms.. aoes.. Owned land in farms acres.. Rented land in farnia acres.. Tenants farms.. 281 768 211 994 52 ISO 42 862 139 475 100 079 836 321 2 494 6 985 5 624 4 469 19 221 13 450 60 950 30 426 46 465 41 032 3 884 3 395 142 293 111 915 25 526 18 504 80 840 61 549 12 212 12 181 445 230 4 497 5 255 16 774 14 195 210 136 438 353 711 698 532 545 530 507 655 637 2 327 2 070 1 397 1 057 15 291 9 564 353 397 965 831 4 541 4 067 431 878 429 461 3n 439 63 483 72 643 366 318 68 325 65 448 49 40 8 780 20 949 70 62 29 456 28 858 3 523 3 160 306 286' 294 981 1 481 1 465 283 833 297 490 185 055 190 671 96 778 106 819 399 321 31 781 24 888 Operators by principal occupation and residence: Farming Residence on farm operated Residence not on farm operated Other than fanning Residence on farm operated ResiderxM not on (arm operated Operators by age group: Under 25 years 25 to 34 years - 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years — 65 years and over Average age Female operators: Farms manber. Land in farms aaes. Operators by race: White Black and otfwr races Operators reporting days of work oft farm: too days or more Selected farm production expenses': Livestock and poultry purctiased $1,000. Feed for livestock and poultry $1,000. Commercially mixed TormuiJa feeds $1,000. Seeds, bulbs, plants, and trees $1,000. Commerciai fertilizer $1,000. Other agncultural ct>emicals> $1,000. Hired farm labor $1,000. Workers worltirig ISO days or more farms. number. Contract labor $1,000. Customwork, machine hire, and rental of machinery and equipment $1,000. Energy and petroleum products $1,000. Gasoline and gasohol $1,000. Diesel tuel $1,000. Electhcity $1,000. Interest expense $1,000. Macfunery and equipment': Estimated market value of all machinery arxl equipment $1,000. Average per farm dollars. Motortrucks, including pickups farms. numbet. Wheel tractors farms. number. Grain and t>ean combines, self-propelled only... - -. farms. number. 2M2 2 852 2 315 2264 400 382 2 461 2 0S4 1 913 1 596 365. 336 64 68 661 516 1 163 653 1 119 1 137 1 261 1 386 1 115 963 51.5 SiS 571 383 42 373 32 754 5 376 4 619 27- 27 2 898 2 520 2 425 2 111 11 530 10 950 47 302 39 491 36 896 33 062 S 996 7 737 7 158 7 148 4 885 3 882 43 147 40 380 1 322 1 359 5 159 5 801 3 129 1 652 3 555 1 691 23 002 15 685 6 757 4 641 2 465 1 072 5 875 3 832 10 141 (NA) 153 401 121 137 28 429 24 507 4 505 4 183 9 381 9 018 4 250 4 031 9 959 9 840 22 26 24 26 'Retabulated 1978 daU for 1982 con^iarability. 'Data are t>ased on a sample of farms. >Oata for 1978 include the cost of lime which was not coUscted in 1982. Table 3. Livestock and Poultry: 1982 and 1978 An farms 1982 1978 An farms 1982 1978 Fanrs by inventory: 1 to 19 .. farms., number.. .. farms.. number.. .. farms.. number.. .. farms. - number.. .. farms.. number.. .. farms.. number.. .. farms.. number.. .. farms.- number.. .. famis.. number.. .. farms.. 2 311 102 366 1 243 8 998 412 12 951 357 24 746 294 SO 886 5 4 785 1 922 56 067 1 071 8 176 993 4 830 72 2 421 4 (D) 2 (0) 2 073 96 951 962 7 459 467 14 829 356 24 349 283 47 059 5 3255 1 790 57 136 904 7 408 821 4 226 79 2 557 3 (D) Cows and heifers ttwt had calved- Con Milk cows 1 lit 49 891 320 783 185 3 210 264 10 133 247 16 320 115 19 445 1 707 35 859 1 473 8 440 1 156 20 10 49 50 to 99 too to 499 500 or more Cows and heifers thai had cahwd Beet cows 1 to 9 10 to 2S numtwr.. ... farms.. nuiTtoer.. 49 728 330 804 200 30 to 49 50 to 99 number.. ... farms., number.. farms.. 4 049 248 9 462 267 Farms by Inventory: 1 to 19 20 to 99 too to 199 100 or mora Heifers and heifer calves Steers, steer calves, bulls, and bull cahies . number.. ... farms., number.. ... fanns.. number.. ... farms.. 17 778 111 17 635 1 579 32 043 number.. .. farnis.. number.. 1 332 7 772 2 MASSACHUSETTS 1982 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE-PRELIMINARY REPORT ■nPSII(BIL) A6ITU AGS! 94210610 11/29/83 1632 1100/S4A CENIO DATA fONE TABLE SUMMARY AaaS'PfmPSTDPFK. RAW TEXT AGa2*PBTIPSRAWT14 TAPE: 956734 FRAME 3 able 3. Livestock and Poultry: 1982 and 1978 —Con. m Mtarma 1882 1978 Allfanns 1862 1878 Ms and calves aoU .... Ivma.. 1 808 47 034 1 238 7 858 428 13 415 171 11 685 71 <^ (D) 343 2778 678 80 840 618 38 570. 540 6 128 84 12 572: 8 "2 (D) 281 4 638 180 566 SO 678 32 1 047 19 2 325 1 803 51 782 1 084 7 820 443 13 713 195 13 116 76 12 702 5 4 431 282 2828 902 61 548 628 54 586 527 6286 72 16 185 20 (D) 8 (D) 281 6 751 151 494 56 774 40 1 391 34 4 092 Hogs and pigs sold farms 451 44 381 371, 8 717 64 5 213 i?5 7 363 293 6 00»' 242 3 081 227 2 848 452 8 846 381 6260 338 5 705 381 7864 52 440 1 161- 8 765 727 1 276 405 721 1 183 228 866 84 066 10 56 858 10 128 000 IS 813 281 47 162 803 8T 156 434 435 61 181 316 6 025 87 18 581 22 14 045 10 21 530 145 12 010 288 8 252 258 (ij Farms by number soM: 1 to 16 number.. .... fvira.. Farms by number sok): 1 to 88 number.. .. farms 20 to 48 number.. 100 to 488 number., farms SO to 88 number.. 500 to 889 number., farms. « 100 to 488 number.. number., fwms « 500 or more . -_— number.. Feeder pigs sold Ulters of pigs farrowed between- Oec. 1 of preceding year and Nov. 30 Dec. 1 of preceding year and May 31 June 1 and Nov. 30 number.. .. farms — number.. .. farms.. number.. .. farms.. number.. — farms.. number.. !'! HI « n toM number.. ... farms.. X riiy preduds add ....... — . .. number.. ... farms.. 4 018 227 4 233 327 6 515 268 lii $1.000.. fwms.. Ewes 1 yeer old or older number.. .. farms.. III number.. .. farms.. 4 340 Fanna by invantevyi number.. fatm* a Sheep and lambs shorn number.. .. farms.. 3 808 254 Sit 100 to 488. number.. ... famis.. Wool number.. ..pounds.. 5 525 37 444 500 to 888 number.. Chickens 3 months old or older inventory Hens and pullets of laying age inventory .... 1 to 3,199 nunber.. — farms.. number.. farms.. number.. .. fwms.. 5658 w 1.000 or more number.. fwms.. 665 1 465 853 1)1 « u Ktogsand pigs used or to be used for number.. ... (vms.. 671 1 282 043 818 « 3.200 to 9.999 nunbw.. .. farms.. 108 715 « Firms by Inventory: number.. 22 101 10.000 to 19,999 number.. 132 326 16 10 to 24 number.. nurrtow.. 208 180 15 HI 25 to 48 number.. ... farms.. Broilers and other meat-type chickens sokj.... Turkeys sold number.. .. farms.. numbw.. . farms.. 830 822 41 us it 50 or more number.. ... farms.. number.. 163 218 62 n number.. 137 562 V 9 1 31 able 4. Crops Harvested: 1982 and 1978 Alfwms 1882 1978 Alt farms 1982 1978 om lor gram or seed ...... — . . . . farms.. acres.. bushels.. om for silage or green chop farms.. acres.. Green weight— tons.. Farm by acres harvested 1 to 24 acres 165 6 077 581 880. 885 37 543 628 742 445 355 74 U 46 352 574 880 136 3 759 732 649^ 2663 116 729 1 301 1 076 239 47 960 28 693 74 412 182 4 634 401 871 912 38 462 632 528 449 371 81 11 44 1 078 1 536 802 151 3 479 748 479 2 520 118 929 1 043 1 158 277 42 1 005 26 750 67 517 Hay-alfoHe. other tame, small grain, wik). grass silage, green chop, etc -Con. Tame hay other Itian alfalfa, small gram, and wild hay . terms.. 1 948 67 441 130 038 1 011 15 307 456 378 152 25. 628 7 289 489 9 332 452 B 457 92 049 245 394 10 222 1 194 692 716 8 261 749 2 605 48 465 173 160 366 2 180 (0) 1 772 Oryweigl Vegetables harvested for sale acres.. >t..tons.. . farms.. acres.. 68 191 135 865 968 Farms by acres harvested: 0.1 to 4 9 acres 14 812 9^ tn fM iu>m< 397 100 to 249 acres 5.0 to 24 9 acres 250 to 99.9 acres 405 145 dbecco farms. 100 0 acres or more . . .- .._— 21 Sweet com . fanns.. acres.. . farms.. acres.. . larms.. ..acres.. pounds.. . farms., acres., cwt.. . farms.. sq.ft.. acres.. $1.000.. _ farms.. sq.a.. acres.. $1.000.. 581 Land in othards 7 041 acres.. pounds.. ish potatoes fwms.. 426 8 111 394 acres.. CWL. lay-allalta. other tame, small van. wHd, grass Bearing and nonbearirtg 7 334 81 275 846 382 Nursery and greenhouse products, mushrooms, arid sod grown for sale to 063 1 072 248 Fanns by acres hwveafed: 1 to 24 acres .. 748 Nmery products - .- ... 8 149 944 25 to 99 seres 3 042 100 to 249 acres 41 032 250 acres or more.. 164 Alfalfa hay farms 298 207 acres.. Dry weight. .tons.. 8^ 1982 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE-PRELIMINARY REPORT MASSACHUSETTS 3 nPSHIBlU ASPT14 AaS2 e4210StO 11/29/83 18:32 1I0O/84A CENIO DATA: NONE TABLE Sl*IM*BV; A0»2-PBnPSTDPF14 RAW TEXT: AQ8J*PRT1PSRA*^14 TAPE; (6*734 FflAME: 4 Table 5. Farms With Sales of $10,000 or More: 1982 and 1978 [Excludes abnormal (wm*) Fanns - numbef. Land m farms awes- Average size ot farm acres. Value ol land and buildings': Average per farm — dollars. Average per acre ..doUara-. Farms by size: 1 to 9 acre* — 10 to 49 acres 50 to 179 acres 180 10 499 acres 500 10 999 acres 1.000 10 1.999 acres — . 2.000 acres or more - Land in (arms according to use: Total cropland farms.. acres.. Harvested cropland farms.. acres.. Imgated land farms.. acres.. Tenure of operator Full owrwrs Part owners Tenants Operators tr/ prirvapai occupatiorv Farming Other man farmino . Estimated martiet value ol all machinery and equipment' $1.000.. Average per farm dollars., MarVel value ot agricuttural products sold $1,000.. Average per farm doHars.. Oops. iTKluding nursery and greenliouae products -- $1,000. JvestocK. poultry, and ttwr products $1,000. Poultry and poultry products $1,000. Dairy products $1,000. 2 404 401 419 167 304 572 1 962 2B1 57S B35 671 117 19 6 2 281 198 000 2 218 156 812 704 16 717 1 234 853 217 1 971 433 111 814 46 823 271 666 113 006 133 825 137 740 25 236 78 834 'Data are based on a sarr^ of farms- >Data for 1978 irtdude the cost of lime wfuch was not collected in 1982. 2 222 401 577 181 259 290 1 382 251 429 796 607 lis 20 4 2 106 200 533 2 046 ISO 761 603 IS 306 1 103 942 177 1 887 335 88 167 39 572 202 133 90 969 94 119 106 014 18 156 60 821 Item Selected farm production expenses': Livestock and poultry purchased $1.000.. Feed for Irvestock arra poultry $1.000.. Seeds, bulbs, plants, and trees $1.000.. Commercial lerljlizer $1.000.. Other agncutlural chemicals' $1,000.. Hired farm labor $1.000.. Energy and petroleum products $1.000.. Interest expense $1.000.. Cattle and calves Invantny . Beef co«n rxjmber.. farms.. number.. Milk cowa farms.. number.. Hogs arid pigs inventrxy farms.. number.. Chickens 3 months old or oWer inventory farms. number.. Com lor grain or aeed acres.. txishels.. Com lor silage or gre^«tigp farms.. acres.. Green weight..tons.. Irish potatoes farms. . acres., cwu. Hav— alfalfa. otf>er tame, snwll grain, wild, graas silage, green chop, etc. larrns. acres. Vegetat)les harvested for sale farms. acres. Land m orchards farms. acres. 1978 10 425 10 277 43^84 37 580 5 770 7 299 6 468 6 363 4 590 3462 41 478 38 942 21 ooe 14 200 soil (NA) 1 07« 1 027 88 225 82 692 281 234 3 528 2 786 830 845 48 471 48 103 218 227 33 627 47 217 197 238 241 102 1 422 557 M S3 5 601 4 063 550 464 366 169 674 703 35 299 35 852 599 006, 594 387 91- 95 3 691 3 357 723 891 731 555 1 loer 1 061 81 092 80 664 S66 479 13 717 12 448 206 16B 7 976 6 745 Appendix. Effect Of the Area Sample on Census Comparability The 1982 and 1978 Censuses were conducted primarily by mail. Despite every effort to assemble a complete list, a small portion of the Nation's farms were not included on the census mail list. To improve the coverage of the 1978 Census, especially in counting the number of small farms, the mail-out/mail-back enumeration was supplemented by the direct enumeration of all households in a sample of areas in all States, except Alaska and Hawaii. Due to budget reductions, the direct enumeration sample was eliminated in the 1982 Census. In late 1978, enumerators visited all households in approximately 6,400 segments in rural areas (areas with less than 2,500 population) and completed a census form for each agricultural operation. These forms were then matched to the census mail list. Data from those cases which were not matched to the mail list were used to estimate the number and characteristics of farms not on the mail list at the State, regional, and national levels. No county-level estimates were developed because the area sample size was insufficient for reliable estimates at that level. The U.S., region, and State data for 1978 shown in the 1976 Census of Agriculture publications included data for farms represented on the mail list plus estimates from the area sample for farms not on the mail list. To provide comparable data for 1982 and 1978, estimates from the area sample have been subtracted from the 1978 data. Thus, all 1978 data presented in the 1982 Census of Agriculture publications include data only for farms on the 1978 mail list. In 1978, the area sample farms accounted for 9 percent of all farms in the United States, but only 1 percent of the total value of agricultural products sold and 1 percent of the land in farms. The area sample farms represented 25 percent of all farms with sales of less than $2,500. The contribution of the area sample farms to the total farm count varied widely by State, from a low of 2.0 percent in North Dakota to a high of 23.8 percent in New Hampshire. The following table shows the 1982 results and adjusted 1978 data for farms on the mail list, as well as 1978 data which include estimates for farms not on the mail list 4 MASSACHUSETTS 1982 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE-PRELIMINARY REPORT TIPSIIIBILI A«PT1< tCBl SWIOeiO 11/29/63 1«;32 1100/94* CENK) DATA NONE TABLE SUMMARY AGa2*PRTIPSTOPF14 RAW TEXT: *082'PmiPSHAWT14 TAPE •68734 FRAME 5 Appendix. Effect of 1978 Area Sample on Census Comparability: 1982 and 1978 Data published In 1982 Census ol Agriculture Data publlstrad in 1978 Census ol Agdculture 1982 1978 adjusted' 1978 totaP Portion of total from 1978 area sample' Percent of 1978 total represented by area sample portion Famis number. Land m farms acres. Value of land and buildings', average per farm. - dollars. Total cropland — *»""»■ acres. Harvested cropland farms. acres. Irrigated land fanrm. acres. Famis by size: 1 to 9 acres 10 to *9 acres 50 to 179 acres 180 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 to 1,999 acres 2,000 acres or more Marltet value of agricultural products sold $1,000. Crops, includir>g nursery and greenhouse products $1,000. Livestock, poultry, and their products $1,000. Farms tiy value of sales: $250,000 or more" $100,000 10 $249,999» $40,000 to $99.999 $20,000 to $39.999 $10,000 to $19.999 $5,000 10 $9,999 Less than $5,000 Farrns by type of organization: Individual or fanvly Partnership Corporabon Other -cooperative, estate or trust institutional, etc. - Tenure of operatix: Full owners Part owners Tenants :. Operators by pnncipal occupation: Farmino Ottier man farming Female operators: Farms number. Land m farms acres. Operators by race: White Black and otfier races Com lor grain or seed farms. acres. Wtieat for grain farms. acres. Hay-alfalfa, other tame, small grain, wild, grass silage, green chop. etc. farms. acres. Vegetatiles harvested for sale farms. acres. Land in orctiards ... . . „ farms. acres. Cattle and calves inventory farms. number. Hogs and pigs inventory famis. _^ number. CNcliens 3 months old or older Inventory farms- number. Estimated man""! "slue of all iriachinery and equipmenf. $1,000. Energy and petrr>lsL.ii products'. $1,000. Hired fami labor, workers worfiing 150 days or more*. farms. number. 5 403 621 902 208 628 4 941 266 065 4 606 197 768 1 000 17 636 921 1 652 1 613 854 130 24 9 281 768 139 475 142 293 210 438 711 532 530 655 2 327 4 541 377 415 70 3 523 1 481 399. 2»42 2 461- 571 42 373_ 5 376 27 165 6 077 7 33 2 663 116 729 1 Oil 15 307 489 9 332 2 311 102 366 619 39 570 727 276 405 153 401 23 002 1 322 5 159 4 946 617 359 183 339 4 645 276 686 4 397 197 405 16 753 798 1 399 1 698 883 137 25 6 211 994 100 079 111 915 136 353 698 545 507 637 2 070 4 087 439 358 62 3 160 1 465 321 2 652 2 094 383 32 754 4 919 27 182 4 634 2 (O) 2 520 118 929 968 14 812 426 8 111 2 073 «6 951 628 54 586 685 1 465 853 121 137 15 685 1 359 5 801 5 691 678 714 168 952 5 526 311 030 5 107 213 669 1 027 16 941 967 1 798 2 010 928 137 25 6 214 675 100 829 113 B46 136 353 698 567 559 715 2 863 5 017 447 365 62 3 846 1 685 360 3 062 2 829 453 35 098 5 858 33 243 4 911 2 (D) 3 078 133 117 1 092 15 214 512 8 556 2 599 102 226 909 59 626 944 1 512 683 127 697 16 044 1 451 6 076 945 61 355 93 651 34 344 710 16 264 61 188 189 399 312 45 2 681 750 1 931 22 52 78 793 930 8 7 686 220 39 210 735 70 2 344 939 6 58 277 558 14 188 124 403 86 445 526 5 275 281 5 040 259 46 830 6 560 359 92 275 'Includes data o^.>y for terms on 1978 mail list-excludes area san^)le data 'Includes mail list enumeration and area sample data. 'Data from farms not on mail list 'Data are based on a sample of farms, •netabulaled 1978 data for 1982 comparability 1982 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE- PRELIMINARY REPORT MASSACHUSETTS 5 TIPSIIIBIL) AeCTK AOU t4210eiO 11/»/S3ia:» ltOO/a4A CBHODKTKHOne TABU lUMMAIIY; Aai»'PRnP8TO<>F14 RAW TEXT AOaz'PqnPSBAWTU TAPE:»«a7S4 FBAMf; t r m V ii Mi II 1 #^%Massachusetts 1 ^ Nurserymen's 1 Association " 1 J 2^^ *'' n 1 ! , ' *T»0 -1^ ^^ 4 i W^^ -■•- CRANBERRIES A "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher Means Business" conference and trade show were held at the State House in March, 1983. Governor Dukakis cut the ribbon for the show which featured exhibits on all segments of the agricultural industry. (see page 57) ■■sr^' |06O611-6/7/85-B0STOn:Massacliusetts GoVo ItLchael Dukakis drinks some milk in frott a group of unidentified children on Boston Coanon,6/6. Ihis v/as all part the Jute |ry Festival on the Boston Cormon sponsored by Dairy Industry of Hew Englando Gov. akis was on hand to sign a declaration for Tlassachusetts ^riculture in the Clats- n Teaching Projecto UPI vc/Steve Hart Cover photo: The Boston Conunon June Dairy Festival is one place to see dairy cows face to face. Various exhibits and fairs across the state help educate the public about agriculture in Massachusetts. (see page 63) Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture 100 Cambridge Street Boston, MA 02202 yMassachusetts I J grown... and frestier! S5. EASD-i^: Qfil Massachusetts (Vgriculture 1 984 Michael S. Dukakis, Governor James S. Hoyte, Secretary of Environmental Affairs Frederic Winthrop, Jr., Commissioner Food and Agriculture iOO ^a^drui^ %^ei. ^oilbn 02202 Dear friends of Massachusetts agriculture: The cover of this year's annual report depicts "Massachusetts Agriculture in the Classroom," an exciting new project which was officially launched last Spring with a successful field testing in fifteen schools across the state. Your Department of Food and Agriculture has called together a statewide committee to help initiate this project and is cooperating with a wide variety of agencies and individuals to extend it to an additional 125 teachers next year. The innovative curriculum should help inform young people about farm and food production -- the problems, the accomplishments and the outlook. In addi- tion to providing food for a hungry world, American agriculture and related businesses provide one out of every five jobs and substantially reduce our trade deficit. Yet basic as agriculture is to our daily lives, it is a subject whose importance is rarely understood by students or the general public. This is par- ticularly true in states like Massachusetts where the number of farmers relative to the total population is quite low. The Department continues to promote local agriculture and its products through press releases to newspapers, radio and television stations. We have also used exhibits to tell our story and assisted commodity groups in the promo- tion of their products. Promoting profitability in agriculture is of course the best way to assure that land will remain in production and, along with our farmland preservation programs, market promotion remains a priority. In addition, we continue to fulfill the goals of our regulatory programs to protect the farmer, the environ- ment and the consumer. Particular emphasis has been placed on strenuous enfor- cement of the pesticide laws and on the promotion of alternative production techniques in an effort to reduce the overall pesticide load on the environment as well as to reduce production costs. Total cash receipts from farm marketings for 1983 are down from the pre- vious year due largely to a dramatic decline in planted acreage of tobacco. A prolonged drought during the summer of 1983 also caused a decrease in produc- tion for some of our vegetable crops. 1984 has generally been a good year for agriculture in Massachusetts, though this past Spring's deluge of rains and flooding will undoubtedly show up on next year's statistics. We are grateful to Governor Dukakis and to the Legislature for their speedy response to the call for funding for the Department's emergency flood relief program. We hope you will take time to study this report which is my tenth and final one as your Commissioner. I trust that you will call us at the Department of Food and Agriculture if you have any comments or suggestions. It has been a pleasure and an honor to work with the many dedicated agricultural groups, state and federal agencies, individuals and organizations across the state during my term of office. I know you will provide my successor with the same tremendous support that you provided me over the last decade. With best wishes for a bright future. , Sincerely,! / Frederic Winthrop,''jr. / Frederic Winthrop, i Commissioner TABLE OF CONTENTS LIVESTOCK Highlights 1 Cattle and Calves .2 Hogs and Pigs 4 Sheep and Lambs 6 Wool 7 Mink 7 DAIRY * Highlights 8 Quarterly Milk Production 9 Annual Milk Disposition and Monthly Price 10 Manufactured Dairy 11 POULTRY Highlights 12 Chickens 12 Eggs 13 Turkeys 14 Hatch 15 CROPS Highlights 16 Corn for Silage 17 Hay 18 Tobacco 19 FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Highlights 20 Cranberries 21 Apples 21 Peaches 21 Potatoes 22 Tomatoes 22 Sweet Corn 22 MISCELLANEOUS Maple 23 Fertilizer 24 P-ices Paid 24 Farm Production Expenditures - Northeast 26 Farm Balance Sheet 28 Farm Production Expenses 28 Gross Farm Income 28 Massachusetts Production Rank Among States 29 Number of Farms 29 Cash Receipts 30 Per Capita Consumption 31 SECTION II — ANNUAL REPORT, STATE DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Board of Pood and Agriculture, Staff Members 33 Annual Report of the General Counsel 34 Division of Agricultural Development 36 Bureau of Markets 36 Bureau of Land Use 42 Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program 42 Division of Animal Health 50 Division of Fairs, Thoroughbred and Standardbred Horse Programs 53 Division of Regulatory Services 56 Bureau of Milk Marketing 56 Bureau of Dairying 57 Bureau of Farm Products 59 Bureau of Plant Pest Control 62 Pesticide Bureau 67 State Reclamation and Mosquito Control Board 71 Photo Captions 74 Cover Photos-- "Massachusetts Agriculture in the Classroom"; on front cover, students in Gerry Rosen's class at Horace Mann Laboratory School at Salem State College learn about crops produced in various counties of the state during the classroom testing of the program. The back cover depicts projects and students of other teachers involved in classroom testing: Mary Ellen Harper, Ware Elementary School; Suzanne Leary, Osterville Elementary School; Helen Nee, Paul A. Dever School, Dorchester; Lillian Tie, Greenfield Middle School; Janet Woodward, Bernardston Elementary School . MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FREDERIC WINTHROP, JR., COMMISSIONER 100 CAMBRIDGE STREET BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02202 (617) 727-3000 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE JOHN R. BLOCK, SECRETARY STATISTICAL REPORTING SERVICE NEW ENGLAND CROP AND LIVESTOCK REPORTING SERVICE 6 LOUDON ROAD CONCORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE, 03301 CHARLES W. HAMMOND, AGRICULTURAL STATISTICIAN-IN-CHARGE ROWLAND R. SCRANTON, ASSISTANT STATISTICIAN-IN-CHARGE BEVERLY A. LACROIX, ADMINISTRATIVE STATISTICIANS SUPPORT STAFF RICHARD BLOOD LYNNE ARSENAULT JOHN KETCHAM CAROLYN HANSON THOMAS MARR KRISTINA HEALD ROBIN RIPPLE LAWRENCE KELLY JOAN PARKER SUPERVISORY ENUMERATORS LEAH ROCHA HELEN BARDWELL, HATFIELD JOYCE SUPRY JEAN GIBBS, CARVER ADRIENNE ZAPPIA LIVESTOCK HIGHLIGHTS Massachusetts livestock producers showed variations in inventory numbers and gross income for 1983. Cattle numbers were unchanged, hog numbers decreased while sheep numbers were up by the end of 1983. Gross income was lower during the year for cattle and hogs but higher for sheep. CATTLE AND CALVES Cattle and calve inventory for Massachusetts on January 1, 1984 totaled 96,000 head, unchanged from the previous year's record low inventory. This total includes 49,000 milk cows, 8,000 beef cows, 17,000 heifers, 4,000 steers and 18,000 calves. The January 1 inventory value averaged $600 per head giving a total inventory value of $57.6 million, the lowest since 1979. The 1983 calf crop (calves born) was 46,000, 4 percent less than the previous year. Marketings during 1983 totaled 39,000 head of cattle and calves with a total live weight of 16.5 million pounds. HOGS AND PIGS Massachusetts hog producers had 42,000 hogs on hand December 1, 1983, 9 percent less than the previous year and the lowest on record. Value per head at $79.00, was $9.50 below 1982. The resulting total hog value on December 1, 1983 was $3.3 million, the lowest since 1976. Hog marketings during 1983 totaled 13.9 million pounds at a price of $42.00 per cwt. This resulted in a gross of $3.3 million to hog producers, 18 percent less than 1982 and the lowest since 1979. SHEEP, LAMBS AND WOOL PRODUCTION On Janaury 1, 1984, there were 8,400 sheep and lambs on Massachusetts farms, 1,700 more than a year earlier. With an average value of $103.00 per head, total inventory value was $865,000, 22 percent above the previous S year's value. Gross income from sheep and lambs sold, including value of home consumption, was $220,000, 32 percent below the 1982 income. This large drop resulted mostly from the small number of sheep marketed, although prices were slightly lower in 1983. Wool production during 1983 totaled 56,000 pounds. The average price of 63 cents per pound is the lowest per pound price since 1976. CATTLE: NUMBER AND VALUE OF ALL CATTLE AND CALVES ON FARMS JANUARY 1, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1984 YEAR NUMBER PER HEAD VALUE TOTAL 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1,000 111 105 107 107 104 99 102 104 104 98 96 96 Dollars 335 420 315 345 380 415 560 685 785 800 715 600 1,000 Dollars 37,185 44,100 33,705 36,915 39,520 41,085 57,120 71,240 81,640 78,400 68,640 57,600 CATTLE: JANUARY 1, INVENTORY BY CLASSES, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1984 YEAR ALL CATTLE AND CALVES COWS & HEIFERS THAT HAVE CALVED BEEF MILK HEIFERS 500 LBS. & OVER REPLACEMENTS BEEF COW MILK COW OTHER STEERS 500 LBS.+ BULLS 500 LBS.+ STEERS, HEIFERS & BULLS -500 LBS. 1.000 1973 111 8 57 2 16 2 2 2 22 1974 105 8 54 2 15 2 2 2 20 1975 107 9 54 2 17 3 2 19 1976 107 9 55 2 17 3 2 18 1977 104 9 53 2 17 2 2 18 1978 99 8 51 2 16 2 2 17 1979 102 10 49 3 16 2 2 19 1980 104 10 45 3 16 3 2 24 1981 104 10 45 4 14 4 2 24 1982 98 10 47 3 13 3 2 19 1983 96 9 48 1 15 2 2 18 1984 96 8 49 2 14 2 2 18 CATTLE AND CALVES: PRODUCTION AND INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR PRODUCTION MARKETINGS PRICE PER 100 POUNDS VALUE OF HOME CONSUMPTION GROSS CATTLE CALVES INCOME 1,000 Pounds Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1973 28,875 40,115 33.50 44.00 576 14,293 1974 30,405 32,845 27.50 28.00 473 9,516 1975 35,060 27,812 22.40 24.20 925 7,217 1976 33,620 40,230 26.00 28.50 559 11,071 1977 33,240 40,790 26.20 38.20 676 11,591 1978 27,080 26,560 41.90 57.00 1,441 12,846 1979 21,340 21,754 57.00 76.00 1,520 14,248 1980 25,430 23,300 55.00 71.00 1,656 14,673 1981 24,770 24,730 50.00 63.00 1,290 13,984 1982 17,820 16,320 45.00 57.00 1,548 9,141 1983 18,370 16,500 42.00 52.00 1,483 8,666 CATTLE AND CALVES: INVENTORY, SUPPLY AND DISPOSITION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR ALL CATTLE ON HAND JAN. 1 CALF CROP INSHIPMENTS MARKETINGS CATTLE CALVES FARM SLAUGHTER CATTLE & CALVES DEATHS CATTLE CALVES 1.000 1973 111 57 10 33 30 1 3 6 1974 105 55 8 27 26 1 2 5 1975 107 56 7 32 22 1 2 6 1976 107 55 7 34 22 1 2 6 1977 104 52 7 35 20 1 2 6 1978 99 50 5 23 19 2 2 6 1979 102 47 1 19 18 1 2 6 1980 104 45 1 21 14 1 3 7 1981 104 47 1 23 23 1 2 5 1982 98 48 1 17 23 1 3 7 1983 96 46 1 16 23 1 2 5 NumbeA. ' 11,000] MASSACilUSETTS CATTLE IHVENTORY NUHDERS NumbtA. H.OOO] 1973 1974 19/5 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 3 1984 HOGS: NUMBER AND VALUE ON FARMS, DECEMBER 1, MASSACHUSETTS, 1972-1983 YEAR NUMBER VALUE BREEDING MARKET TOTAL PER HEAD TOTAL Head Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1972 9,000 54,000 63,000 37.50 2,363 1973 10,000 50,000 60,000 62.50 3,750 1974 8,000 43,000 51,000 48.00 2,448 1975 8.000 42,000 50,000 64.50 3,225 1976 7,000 43,000 50,000 50.50 2,525 1977 8,000 52,000 60,000 59.50 3,570 1978 8,000 52,000 60,000 76.50 4,590 1979 9,000 51,000 60,000 55.50 3,330 1980 7,000 42,000 49,000 74.50 3,651 1981 6,000 43,000 49,000 79.50 3,896 1982 7,000 39,000 46,000 88.50 4,071 1983 7,000 35,000 42,000 79.00 3,318 HOGS: PIG CROP. SOWS FARROWED AND PIGS SAVED, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR SPRING CROP (DEC - MAY) SOWS PIGS / LITTER PIGS SAVED FALL CROP (JUN - NOV) SOWS PIGS / LITTER PIGS SAVED TOTAL PIG CROP 1973 7,000 6.0 42,000 7.100 6.0 43,000 85.000 1974 7,000 6.0 42,000 6.800 6.0 41,000 83.000 1975 7,000 6.2 43,000 6.800 5.7 39,000 82.000 1976 6,600 6.8 45,000 5,700 6.5 37,000 82.000 1977 5,000 6.9 35.000 6,500 6.6 43,000 78.000 1978 5,000 7.2 36,000 6,000 6.8 41,000 77.000 1979 6,000 6.5 39,000 6.500 6.5 42,000 81.000 1980 4,000 7.4 30.000 6,000 5.8 35,000 65.000 1981 4,000 6.6 26.000 5,000 6.4 32.000 58.000 1982 3,700 7.5 28.000 4,500 7.6 34.000 62.000 1983 4,900 6.5 32.000 4,000 7.0 28.000 60.000 HOGS: INVENTORY NUMBER. PIG CROP AND DISPOSITION. MASSACHUSETTS. 1973-1983 YEAR ON HAND DEC 1st PREVIOUS YEAR PIG CROP DEC - MAY JUN - NOV MARKETINGS FARM SLAUGHTER DEATHS 1973 63.000 42,000 43.000 80.000 1,000 7,000 1974 60.000 42,000 41.000 86,000 1,000 5,000 1975 51.000 43,000 39.000 78,000 1,000 4.000 1976 50.000 45,000 37.000 75,000 1,000 6.000 1977 50.000 35,000 43.000 61 ,000 1,000 6.000 1978 60,000 36,000 41.000 71,000 1.000 5.000 1979 60,000 39.000 42.000 76,000 1.000 4.000 1980 60,000 30.000 35.000 71,000 2,000 3.000 1981 49,000 26.000 32.000 55,000 1,000 2.000 1982 49,000 28.000 34.000 61,000 1,000 3.000 1983 46,000 32.000 28.000 59,000 2,000 3,000 HOGS: PRODUCTION AND INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR PRODUCTION MARKETINGS PRICE PER 100 POUNDS VALUE OF HOME CONSUMPTION GROSS INCOME 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1,000 Pounds 18,862 18,764 19,100 17,891 15,832 17,211 18,640 16,412 13,267 14,547 14,451 18,068 19,910 18,260 17,378 14,063 16,640 17,820 16,185 12,825 14,380 13,900 Dollars 37.00 33.00 45.00 45.00 37.00 45.00 44.00 37.00 43.00 54.00 42.00 1,000 Dollars 171 6,856 254 6,824 347 8,564 354 8,174 291 5,494 304 7,792 297 8,138 500 6,488 290 5,805 316 8,081 340 6,178 TREND IN DECEMBER 1 INVENTORY, PIG CROP. MARKETINGS AND PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1974-1983 t,000 90- 80- 70- 60- 50- 40 (Kl Ueceniier 1, Inventory Previous Year (1,000) I I Pig Crop (1,000) g=g Marketings (Million Pounds) ■I Production (Million Pounds) HilUon Pouiidi -20 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 SHEEP AND LAMBS: INVENTORY NUMBER BY CLASS AND VALUE, JANUARY 1, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1984 YEAR ALL LAMBS LAMBS EWES WETHERS AND RAMS ONE YEAR AND OVER EWES WETHERS AND RAMS ALL SHEEP & LAMBS VALUE PER HEAD TOTAL H e a d Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1973 1,400 1,000 400 5,500 600 7,500 28.00 210 1974 1,400 1,000 400 5,000 500 6,900 40.00 276 1975 1,500 1,100 400 5,100 400 7,000 46.50 326 1976 1,500 1,100 400 5,300 400 7,200 46.00 331 1977 1,400 1,000 400 4,900 400 6.700 48.00 322 1978 1.600 1,100 500 4,700 500 6.800 53.50 364 1979 1,300 1,000 300 4,900 500 6.700 63.00 422 1980 1,600 1.200 400 5,000 500 7.100 78.50 557 1981 1,600 1,200 400 5,100 500 7,200 88.00 634 1982 1,900 1,400 500 5,600 500 8,000 109,00 872 1983 1,400 1,100 300 4,800 500 6,700 106.00 710 1984 1,700 1,300 400 6,000 700 8,400 103.00 865 SHEEP AND LAMBS: INVENTORY NUMBERS, LAMB CROP AND DISPOSITION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR ALL SHEEP AND LAMBS ON HAND JAN. 1 LAMB CROP MARKETINGS FARM SLAUGHTER SHEEP & LAMBS DEATHS SHEEP LAMBS SHEEP & LAMBS Head 1973 7,500 5,300 1.500 2,900 400 1,100 1974 6,900 5,200 1.200 2.600 200 1,100 1975 7,000 5,500 900 2,900 400 1,100 1976 7,200 5,600 1,500 3.300 300 1,000 1977 6,700 5,700 1,100 3,100 400 1,000 1978 6,800 5,300 1,000 2,900 500 1,000 1979 6,700 5,100 800 2,500 500 900 1980 7,100 5,600 1,200 2,700 600 1,000 1981 7,200 6,800 700 3,300 800 1,200 1982 8,000 5,600 2,500 3.300 300 800 1983 6,700 6,000 200 3.300 400 900 YEAR SHEEP AND LAMBS: PRODUCTION AND INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 PRODUCTION MARKETINGS PRICE PER 100 POUNDS SHEEP LAMBS VALUE OF HOME CONSUMPTION GROSS INCOME 1,000 Pounds Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1973 366 395 14.00 41.00 21 133 1974 349 318 17.00 37.00 10 101 1975 372 296 26.00 68.00 35 193 1976 382 393 28.00 72.00 35 244 1977 431 357 29.00 72.00 46 244 1978 406 329 38.00 84.00 67 282 1979 382 246 39.00 85.00 82 245 1980 428 300 42.00 77.00 89 268 1981 423 207 45.00 100.00 127 286 1982 377 450 41.00 94.00 68 325 1983 413 188 36.00 93.00 59 220 WOOL: PRODUCTION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR SHEEP SHORN WEIGHT PER FLEECE SHORN WOOL PRODUCTION PRICE PER POUND VALUE 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 Head 6,900 6,600 6,400 6,700 6,200 6,300 6,600 6,800 7,000 7,600 8,200 unds 1,000 Pounds Cents 1,000 Dollars 7.2 50 71 36 7.4 49 62 30 7.2 46 31 14 6.9 46 60 28 7.1 44 78 34 6.8 43 74 32 6.8 45 84 38 6.9 47 88 41 7.0 49 90 44 6.8 52 66 34 6.8 56 63 35 MINK: PRODUCTION AND FEMALES BRED TO PRODUCE KITS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1978 - 1984 V COLOR PELTS PRODUCED FEMALES BRED TO PRODUCE KITS CLASS 1978 1979 1980 1982 1983 1979 1980 1981 1983 1984 Standard 1,500 1,600 1,200 1,700 1,400 2/ 1,500 660 500 560 Demi -Buff 5,400 4,900 5,200 4,000 3,900 2,600 1,500 1,000 1,200 2/ Pastel 6,500 5,400 6,300 1,900 2,300 800 730 1,000 360 5^0 Pearl 2/ 2,500 2,300 2,800 2/ 690 700 700 880 830 Others 6,600 3,600 2,400 2,700 4,900 1,310 970 540 760 2,220 TOTAL 20,000 18,000 17,400 13,100 12,500 5,400 5,200 3,900 3,700 4,200 y Estimates not available for 1981 production and 1982 Females bred to produce Kits. 2/ Included in others to avoid disclosing individual operations. DAIRY HIGHLIGHTS MILK PRODUCTION Massachusetts dairy herds produced 611 million pounds of milk during 1983, 1 percent more than during the previous year and the largest annual production since 1972. With the average number of cows unchanged from 1982, the production increase was the result of a record high rate of 13,000 pounds per cow in 1983. Quarterly production totals followed the normal seasonal pattern. MILK PRODUCTION AND PRICE Milk marketed in 1983, at 605 million pounds, was also the largest amount marketed since 1972. Increased marketings would be expected with the production increase. However, a 2 million pound decrease in milk used on farms where produced is also a contributing factor. Home use has shown a moderate downward trend over the years, but has been more consistent during the 1980' s. The average price received for milk marketed during 1983 was $14.60 per cwt., 10 cents above the 1982 average price. With an increase in both price and volume marketed, the 1983 cash receipts for milk totaled a record $91.3 million. MANUFACTURED DAIRY PRODUCTS With milk production and marketings both showing increases, the manufacture of dairy products continues an important role in the Massachusetts dairy industry. The production of ice cream in the Commonwealth during 1983 totaled 44.5 million gallons, slightly above the previous year and the most produced since 1977. Milk sherbet production increased to 2.3 million gallons, 5 percent more than during 1982. Ice milk production for 1983 shows a large increase from the previous year and approaches production levels of the late 1970's. Cheese production (excluding cottage cheese) in Massachusetts totaled 12.6 million pounds, well above the 1982 total and the highest of record. MILK COWS: AVERAGE NUMBER ON FARMS, BY QUARTERS AND ANNUAL, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR JAN - MAR APR - JUN JUL - SEP OCT - DEC ANNUAL 1 .000 Head 1973 56 55 54 54 55 1974 54 54 54 54 54 1975 55 54 54 55 55 1976 55 54 53 53 54 1977 52 51 51 51 51 1978 50 48 48 49 49 1979 49 48 47 46 48 1980 46 46 46 46 46 1981 45 45 46 46 46 1982 47 47 46 47 47 1983 48 46 46 48 47 MILK PRODUCTION: AVERAGE PER COW, BY QUARTERS AND ANNUAL, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR JAN - MAR APR - JUN JUL - SEP OCT - DEC ANNUAL Pounds 1973 2,715 2,930 2.610 2.610 10.818 1974 2,705 2,945 2.720 2.610 10.981 1975 2,725 2,960 2,720 2,620 10,927 1976 2,735 2,950 2.760 2,700 11.074 1977 2,850 3,060 2.890 2.870 11.706 1978 2,900 3,110 2.920 2.820 11.673 1979 2,920 3,090 2.940 2.980 11.792 1980 3,110 3,240 3.000 3.050 12.391 1981 3,180 3.350 3.090 3.080 12.565 1982 3,190 3,320 3.180 3,185 12.809 1983 3,220 3,430 3.180 3.160 13.000 MILK PRODUCTION, BY QUARTERS AND ANNUAL. MASSACHUSETTS. 1973-1983 YEAR JAN - MAR APR - JUN JUL - SEP OCT - DEC ANNUAL M i 1 1 i 0 n P 0 u n d s 1973 152 161 141 141 595 1974 146 159 147 141 593 1975 150 160 147 144 601 1976 150 159 146 143 598 1977 148 156 147 146 597 1978 145 149 140 138 572 1979 143 148 138 137 566 1980 143 149 138 140 570 1981 143 151 142 142 578 1982 150 156 146 150 602 1983 155 158 146 152 611 MILK: QUANTITY MARKETED, PRICE AND CASH RECEIPTS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 SOLD TO PLANTS SOLD DIRECTLY TO CONSUMERS COMBINED MARKETINGS YEAR QUANTITY PRICE PER CWT. CASH RECEIPTS QUANTITY PRICE PER QUART CASH RECEIPTS QUANTITY PRICE PER CWT. CASH RECEIPTS Million Pounds Dollars 1,000 Dollars Million Quarts Cents 1,000 Dollars Mil lion Pounds Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1973 550 8.22 45,210 15.3 35 5,372 583 8.68 50,582 1974 550 9.50 52,250 14.4 40 5,768 581 9.99 58,018 1975 555 9.65 53,588 15.8 40 6,326 589 10.17 59,884 1976 550 10.70 58,850 16,7 42 7,032 586 11.24 65,882 1977 550 10.70 58,850 16,7 42 7,032 586 11.24 65,882 1978 530 11.50 60,950 14.9 43 6,400 562 11.98 67,350 1979 525 12.80 67,200 14.4 46 6,633 556 13.28 73,833 1980 530 13.70 72,610 14.0 51 7,116 560 14.24 79,726 1981 540 14.60 78,840 13.5 53 7,149 569 15.11 85,989 1982 565 14.50 81,925 13.5 53 7,149 594 15.00 89,074 1983 575 14,60 83,950 14.0 53 7,395 605 15.10 91,345 MILK: QUANTITIES USED AND MARKETED BY FARMERS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR TOTAL PRODUCED MILK, USED ON FARMS WHERE PRODUCED USED FOR MILK, CREAM AND BUTTER FED TO CALVES TOTAL MILK MARKETED BY FARMERS SOLD TO PLANTS AND DEALERS SOLD DIRECTLY TO CONSUMERS TOTAL Million Pounds 1973 595 7 5 12 550 33 583 1974 593 7 5 12 550 31 581 1975 601 7 5 12 555 34 589 1976 598 7 5 12 550 36 586 1977 597 6 5 11 550 36 586 1978 572 5 5 10 530 32 562 1979 566 4 6 10 525 31 556 1980 570 4 6 10 530 30 560 1981 578 4 5 9 540 29 569 1982 602 3 5 8 565 29 594 1983 611 2 4 6 575 30 605 MILK: SOLD TO PLANTS, MONTHLY AND ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICE PER 100 POUNDS RECEIVED BY FARMERS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL AVERAGE Doll a r s 1973 7.70 7.75 7.55 7.30 7.20 7.20 7.75 8.55 9.25 9.55 9.80 9.70 8.22 1974 9.80 9,90 9.85 9.80 9.25 8.50 8.90 9.40 9.70 9.80 10.00 9.45 9.50 1975 9.55 9,50 9.15 8.95 8.50 8.35 9.05 9.65 10.30 10.80 11.10 11.20 9.65 1976 11.10 10,80 10.70 10.00 9.90 9.75 10.40 11.00 11.30 11.50 11.20 10.70 10.70 1977 10.60 10.50 10.20 10,20 9.90 10.00 10.50 10.90 11.20 11.40 11.40 11.20 10.70 1978 11.10 11.20 11.00 10,70 10.70 10.60 11.00 11.60 12.10 12.70 12.90 12.70 11.50 1979 12.70 12,80 12.50 12.20 12.00 12.00 12.50 13.10 13.40 13.80 13.90 13.40 12.80 1980 13,60 13,40 13.30 13.00 13.00 12.80 13.30 13.70 14.20 14.70 14.80 14.70 13.70 1981 14,90 14,70 14.50 14.30 14.00 13.80 14.30 14.60 14.90 15.20 15.00 14.80 14.60 1982 14,90 14.70 14.50 14.20 13.80 13.70 14.20 14.60 14.90 15.00 15.10 14.80 14.50 1983 14,80 14.80 14.40 14.30 13.90 13.80 14.20 14.70 14.90 15.10 15.20 14.60 14.60 10 MILK: FARM PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS SOLO, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR AVERAGE NUMBER OF MILK COWS ON FARMS PRODUCTION PER MILK COW MILK MILKFAT PERCENTAGE OF FAT IN ALL MILK PRODUCED TOTAL MILK MILKFAT FARM VALUE OF MILK PRODUCED 1,000 Pounds Percent Million Pounds 1,000 Dollars 1973 55 10,818 395 3.65 595 22 51,646 1974 54 10,981 402 3.66 593 22 59,241 1975 55 10,927 397 3.63 601 22 61,122 1976 54 11,074 405 3.66 598 22 67,215 1977 51 1 1 , 706 431 3.68 597 22 67,103 1978 49 11,673 428 3.67 572 21 68,526 1979 48 11,792 429 3.64 566 21 75,165 1980 46 12,391 447 3.61 570 21 81,168 1981 46 12,565 456 3.63 578 21 87,336 1982 47 12,809 466 3.64 602 22 90,300 1983 47 13,000 477 3.67 611 22 92,261 MANUFACTURED DAIRY: PRODUCTION MAJOR PRODUCTS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR TOTAL CHEESE 2/ ICE CREAM ICE MILK MILK SHERBET 1,000 Pounds 1 . 0 0 0 Gallon s 1973 5,976 42,302 7,742 2,330 1974 5,412 43,607 9,611 2,186 1975 5,288 47,761 9,177 1,985 1976 6,123 46,320 7,246 2,116 1977 5,786 45,255 7,483 2,180 1978 7,780 42,909 9,779 2,102 1979 6,255 42,463 10,454 1,829 1980 5,099 43,986 9,817 1,992 1981 8,559 43,193 10,173 2,089 1982 9,110 44,444 6.574 2,198 1983 12,643 44,510 9,138 2,297 T7 Excluding cottage cheese 11 POULTRY HIGHLIGHTS EGGS Massachusetts laying flocks produced 265 million eggs during 1983, 16 percent less than the previous year and the smallest annual egg production since 1929. The average daily rate of lay per 100 birds was a record 68.5 eggs, surpassing the previous high rate of 67.4 eggs set in 1981. Poultrymen received a record high 91 cents per dozen for eggs in 1983, 5 cents above the previous high 86 cents per dozen in 1981. Gross income from egg production in 1983 was $20.1 million, 9 percent less than the gross in 1982. CHICKENS The December 1, 1983 inventory of chickens on farms (excluding broilers) totaled 1.4 million birds, 11 percent below a year ago and the lowest of record. A break down of the December 1 inventory indicates that a small increase in pullets of laying age was more than offset by the large decrease in hens. In the younger birds, a 3,000 increase in other birds was insignificant compared to the large decline in young pullets. Total value of all chickens on hand December 1, 1983 was $3.4 million, 14 percent less than a year earlier. Poultrymen marketed 5.4 million pounds of poultry during 1983 at 10.5 cents per pound. TURKEYS Massachusetts farmers raised 160,000 turkeys during 1983, 15,000 more than a year earlier and the most since 1974. There were 3.3 million pounds liveweight from the turkeys raised. The price per pound, at 84 cents, was 7 cents higher than received in 1982 and increased the value of production to $2.8 million for 1983. POULTRY: INVENTORY BY CLASS AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, DECEMBER 1, 1972-1983 YEAR CHICKENS, EXCLUDING BROILERS HENS AND PULLETS OF LAYING AGE HENS PULLETS PULLETS NOT OF LAYING AGE 3 MONTHS AND OLDER UNDER 3 MONTHS OTHER TOTAL VALUE PER HEAD TOTAL VALUE 1,000 Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1972 729 1,069 228 221 32 2,279 1.40 3,191 1973 896 807 251 255 31 2,240 2.00 4,480 1974 772 939 224 271 31 2,237 2.10 4,698 1975 725 786 293 268 19 2,091 2.35 4,914 1976 593 782 239 241 15 1,870 2.40 4,488 1977 465 1,005 290 180 50 1,990 2.05 4,080 1978 550 620 196 174 40 1,580 2.05 3,239 1979 617 755 126 197 31 1,726 2.15 3,711 1980 644 811 108 209 18 1,790 2.30 4,117 1981 650 622 141 153 37 1,603 2.55 4,088 1982 742 458 156 166 18 1,540 2.55 3,927 1983 595 514 110 138 21 1,378 2.45 3,376 12 POULTRY: AVERAGE NUMBER OF LAYERS BY MONTHS AND ANNUAL, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 MONTH 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1 ,000 1983 DEC 1/ JAN FEB 1,800 1,813 1,790 1,717 1,676 1,602 1,751 1,742 1,715 1,504 1,496 1,474 1,434 1,501 1,515 1,447 1,402 1,440 1,253 1.338 1,400 1,342 1.320 1,331 1,412 1,362 1,322 1,299 1,357 1,378 1,195 1,185 1,086 MAR APR MAY 1,740 1,717 1,704 1,565 1,536 1,530 1,743 1,718 1,668 1,429 1,401 1,408 1,509 1,514 1,539 1,500 1 503 1,484 1,480 1,435 1,385 1,339 1,332 1,318 1,326 1,334 1,293 1,354 1,340 1.326 1,028 1,032 1.047 JUN JUL AUG 1,674 1,668 1,680 1,533 1,550 1,591 1,637 1.662 1,679 1,428 1,415 1,400 1,519 1,521 1,515 1,392 1.340 1,388 1,395 1,421 1,416 1,300 1,309 1,355 1,220 1,195 1,211 1,278 1,272 1,266 1,037 1,025 1.019 SEP OCT NOV 1,675 1,687 1.700 1,633 1,676 1,705 1,614 1,566 1,537 1,399 1,406 1,398 1,435 1,401 1,440 1,395 1.383 1,280 1,365 1,373 1,384 1,383 1,387 1,420 1,272 1,368 1,329 1,245 1,230 1,215 1,015 1,011 1,064 ANNUAL 1,721 1.610 1,669 1,430 1,487 1.413 1,387 1,345 1,304 1,297 1,062 EGGS: DAILY RATE OF LAY BY MONTHS AND ANNUAL, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973 - 1983 MONTH 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 DEC y JAN FEB 63.0 65.4 61.7 64.7 62.8 64.1 64.0 64.5 64.1 65.5 65.0 64.5 65.3 65.2 63.9 Percent 63.1 64.5 66.0 67.0 67.1 67.6 67.3 66.0 67.3 66.3 63.9 64.8 69.5 66.5 64.8 64.8 68.1 69.1 MAR APR MAY 62.7 64.2 64.5 64,4 66.3 65.2 64.6 67.0 68.0 65.8 67.8 68.3 64.4 65.5 66.9 65.0 65.7 67.2 67.9 67.1 64.9 67.5 67.6 66.1 68.1 67.5 70.0 65.2 66.8 67.6 65.9 67.8 67.3 JUN JUL AUG 63.8 60.7 61.0 65.4 65.0 63.6 67.5 66.3 66.0 67.3 66.0 64.0 69.3 66.0 63.4 67.9 67.4 66.2 64.7 66.4 66.7 66.7 66.5 61.9 71.0 67.5 69.3 67.7 67.0 66.2 67.5 69.2 69.6 SEP OCT NOV 62.1 61.8 63.2 61.7 62.0 63.5 65.8 65.8 66.3 62.3 63.5 65.3 64.4 65.1 64.7 66.3 66.8 66.8 67,3 67.0 67.9 62.7 67.5 68.1 68.1 66.0 67.7 64.8 65.1 65.4 69.0 67.0 72.0 ANNUAL 62.6 64.0 66.0 65.5 65.4 66.1 67.0 66.2 67.4 66.3 68.5 EGGS: TOTAL PRODUCTION BY MONTHS AND ANNUAL, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973 - 1983 MONTH 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 M i 1 1 i 0 n DEC 1/ 35 35 35 31 29 28 26 28 29 28 24 JAN 35 34 35 30 30 28 28 27 27 28 25 FEB 31 29 31 28 27 27 27 26 24 25 21 MAR 34 31 35 29 30 30 31 28 28 27 21 APR 33 30 35 28 30 30 29 27 27 27 21 MAY 35 31 35 30 32 31 28 27 28 28 23 JUN 32 30 33 29 32 28 27 26 26 26 21 JUL 31 31 34 29 31 28 29 27 25 26 22 AUG 32 31 34 28 30 28 29 26 26 26 22 SEP 31 30 32 26 28 28 28 26 26 24 21 OCT 32 32 32 28 28 29 29 29 28 25 21 NOV 32 32 31 27 28 26 28 29 27 24 23 ANNUAL 393 376 402 343 355 341 339 326 321 314 265 1/ Previous year 13 CHICKENS: PRODUCTION, DISPOSITION AND GROSS INCOME, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR NUMBER OF BIRDS LIVEWEIGHT PRICE PER POUND GROSS PRODUCED CONSUMED SOLD PRODUCED CONSUMED SOLD INCOME 1973 1,673 1974 1,706 1975 1,371 1976 1,090 1977 1,331 1978 901 1979 1,057 1980 1,225 1981 1,474 1982 828 1,000 1,000 Pounds Cents 1,000 Dollars 1,700 8,676 55 9,010 15.4 1,396 1,697 10,037 55 10,012 10.3 1,037 1,506 7,111 51 7,982 10.3 827 1,300 6,186 51 7,150 ■ 13.3 958 1,200 7.475 51 6,600 11.3 752 1,300 5,134 51 7,150 12.3 885 900 5,835 51 4,950 13.2 660 1,150 6,708 51 6,325 8.3 529 1,650 8,266 51 9,075 9.0 822 880 4,457 51 4,840 8.0 391 1983 838 11 989 4,793 5,440 10.5 576 EGGS: PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR EGGS EGGS PRICE CASH INCOME FROM GROSS PRODUCED SOLD PER DOZEN FARM SALES INCOME Milli ons Cents 1 000 Dollars 1973 393 392 62.9 20,547 20,599 1974 376 375 64.5 20,156 20,210 1975 402 401 66.2 22,122 22,177 1976 343 342 72.1 20,549 20,609 1977 355 354 69.9 20,621 20,679 1978 341 340 66.2 18,757 18,812 1979 339 338 73.8 20,787 20,849 1980 326 325 74.5 20,177 20,239 1981 321 320 86.0 22,933 23,005 1982 314 313 84.0 21,910 21,980 1983 265 264 91.0 20,020 20,096 TURKEYS : PRODUCTION , PRICE AND VALUE , MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR TURKEYS RAISED NUMBER PRODUCED POUNDS PRODUCED PRICE PER POUND VALUE OF HEAVY LIGHT PRODUCTION 1,000 1,000 Pounds Cents 1,000 Dollars 1973 144 29 173 3,287 62.0 2,038 1974 139 33 172 3,268 57.0 1,863 1975 106 19 125 2,375 58.0 1,378 1976 122 21 143 2,860 58.0 1,659 1977 110 15 125 2,600 58.0 1,508 1978 128 18 146 2,993 68.0 2,035 1979 133 7 140 2,800 65.0 1,820 1980 126 0 126 2,470 78.0 1,927 1981 145 0 145 3,045 77.0 2,345 1982 145 0 145 3,088 77.0 2,378 1983 160 0 160 3,313 84.0 2,783 14 HATCH: BROILER-TYPE CHICKS BY COMMERCIAL HATCHERIES, NEW ENGLAND, 1976-1983 MONTH 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1,000 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH 8,205 7,797 8,922 8,430 7,833 9,107 8,370 7,644 8,961 8,742 8,103 9,093 6,691 6,617 7,535 6,770 5.665 6,391 2,712 2,548 2,876 2,043 2,699 2,721 APRIL MAY JUNE 8,763 8,711 8,494 8,804 9,481 8,828 9,218 9,383 8,855 9,192 9,424 9,216 7,252 7,545 7,524 4,645 3,294 3,129 3,115 3,047 2,910 2,890 2,841 2,528 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER 8,720 8,554 8,025 9,024 8,184 7,547 9,033 8.661 8,168 9,216 8,796 7,385 7,495 7,620 6,783 3,107 2,888 2,844 2,774 2,948 2,980 2,440 2,249 2,303 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER 7,950 8,173 8,294 8,079 7,867 8,179 7,998 7,835 8,196 6,903 6,875 7,292 6,654 6,857 6,999 2,672 2,401 2,391 2,687 2,297 2,493 2,317 2,143 2,511 ANNUAL 100,608 101,363 102,322 100,237 85,572 46,197 33,387 29,685 HATCH: EGG-TYPE CHICKS BY COMMERCIAL HATCHERIES, NEW ENGLAND, 1976-1983 MONTH 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1,000 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH 1,951 2,001 2,249 2,187 1,985 2,215 1,668 1,684 1,837 1,860 1,936 2,128 2,150 1,899 1,990 1.767 1.837 2,024 1,102 1,230 1,685 1.626 1.370 2.008 APRIL MAY JUNE 2,423 2,440 2,246 2,401 2,329 2,153 2,145 2,231 2,347 2,470 2.440 2,165 1,797 2,098 1,899 2,060 1,954 1,970 2,015 2,221 1.763 1.947 2.018 2.070 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER 1,988 1,935 2,014 1,977 2,275 1,854 2,131 1,967 1,886 2,131 2,270 1,438 1,782 2,097 1,714 1,676 1.647 1,748 1.646 1,368 1,426 1.716 1.687 1.894 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER 1,881 1,964 2,289 1,873 1,652 1,741 2,062 1,863 1,850 1.938 2,071 2,233 1,934 1,693 1,738 1,896 1,538 1.467 1.603 1,512 1,740 1,669 1,797 2,094 ANNUAL 25,381 24,642 23,671 25,080 22.791 21.584 19.311 21,896 15 CROP HIGHLIGHTS CORN SILAGE Production of corn silage during 1983 totaled 663,000 tons the same as during 1982. Harvested acres and yield were also the same as the previous year. Planted acres totaled 43,000 acres, 7 percent less than 1982. This indicates that less corn acreage went for other uses during 1983. Value of the 1983 silage was $19.9 million, 6 percent above the 1982 crop. HAY Production of all hay on Massachusetts farms during 1983 totaled 313,000 tons, 10 percent more than a year earlier and the highest production since the 1960's. Both acres harvested, at 123,000 and average yield, at 2.54 tons per acre, were higher in 1983 than in 1982. The average price per ton during 1983 was $91.00 giving a total hay crop value of $28.5 million, up 13 percent from the previous year. Alfalfa and mixtures containing alfalfa totaled 87,000 tons or 28 percent of all hay. Both yield and production were above 1982 with harvested acreage unchanged. All other hay production totaled 226,000 tons in 1983, up 11 percent from the 1982 total. This increase in production resulted from increases in both harvested acres and yield. TOBACCO Massachusetts tobacco production totaled 768,000 pounds in 1983, 10 percent less than the 1982 crop. This decrease resulted from relatively sharp reductions in harvested acres for both Havana Seed and Shade types. Havana Seed acreage was down from 1982, but the 255 acres harvested is still the second highest since 1972. Shade growers in the Commonwealth harvested 170 acres, down 80 acres from 1982. Yields averaged above a year earlier for both types. Tobacco prices indicate a slight increase for Havanna Seed, while Shade price was down $1.50 per pound in 1983. I 16 CORN: ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR ACRES PLANTED FOR ALL PURPOSES SILAGE ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1,000 37 38 39 43 44 45 44 45 46 46 43 1,000 35 35 36 38 38 40 39 40 39 3«) 39 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Dollars 14.5 508 7,366 16.0 560 10,080 15.0 540 11,475 15.5 589 12,987 16.0 608 13,923 16.5 660 14,850 17.0 663 16,575 17.0 680 19,380 20.0 780 19,968 17.0 663 18,763 17.0 663 19,956 Acie4 UoAvtittd 40- ".<"'<" 38- 36- 34- 32- Acres Harvested MASSACHUSETTS CORN (Acres Harvested for Silage and Production) Pxoduction {1,000 Tom) Production 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1^79 1980 ^^81 1982 1983 -800 -750 -700 -650 -600 -550 -500 -450 -400 -350 17 ALFALFA HAY: ACREAGE AND PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 28.000 25,000 26,000 26,000 28,000 28,000 27,000 27,000 28,000 29,000 29,000 Tons 2.55 71,000 2.55 64,000 2.60 68,000 2.45 64,000 2.30 64,000 2.60 73,000 2.90 78,000 2.40 65,000 2.80 78,000 2.80 81,000 3.00 87,000 ALL OTHER HAY: ACREAGE AND PRODUCTION, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION T 0 n s 1973 84,000 2.15 181,000 1974 90,000 2.00 180,000 1975 92,000 2.05 189,000 1976 94,000 2.00 188,000 1977 92,000 1.90 175,000 1978 92,000 2.15 198,000 1979 92,000 2.25 207,000 1980 88,000 2.10 185,000 1981 90,000 2.15 194,000 1982 90,000 2.25 203,000 1983 94,000 2.40 226,000 ALL HAY: ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION PRICE PER TON VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Tons Dollars 1,000 Dollars 112,000 2.25 252,000 50.00 12,600 115,000 2.12 244,000 63.00 15.372 118,000 2.18 257,000 79.00 20,303 120,000 2,10 252,000 71.00 17,892 120,000 1.99 239,000 69.00 16,491 120,000 2.26 271,000 73.00 19,783 119,000 2.39 285,000 72.00 20,520 115,000 2.17 250,000 76.00 19,000 118,000 2.31 272,000 80.00 21,760 119,000 2.39 284,000 89.00 25,276 1983 123,000 2.54 313,000 91.00 28,483 IS TOBACCO, SHADE TYPE: ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION PRICE PER POUND VALUE OF PRODUCTION Pounds 1,000 Pounds Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1973 1,300 1.210 1,573 5.15 8,101 1974 1,300 1,610 2,093 6.00 12,558 1975 1,250 1,335 1.669 6.40 10,682 1976 1.050 1,480 1,554 5.40 8,392 1977 980 1,600 1.568 6.00 9.408 1978 860 1,300 1.118 7.50 8.385 1979 770 1,400 1,078 8.50 9,163 1980 940 1,475 1,387 9.80 13,593 1981 900 1,575 1,418 10.00 14,180 1982 250 1,200 300 12.50 3,750 1983 170 1,470 250 11.00 2,750 TOBACCO. HAVANA SEED: ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS. 1973-1983 ACRES YIELD TOTAL PRICE VALUE OF YEAR HARVESTED PER ACRE PRODUCTION PER POUND PRODUCTION Pounds 1,000 Pounds Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1973 210 1,850 389 0.72 280 1974 160 2,040 326 0.82 267 1975 170 1,650 281 0.98 275 1976 160 1.819 291 0.87 253 1977 180 1.880 338 0.98 331 1978 170 2.000 340 1.10 374 1979 220 1.850 407 1.20 488 1980 250 2.000 500 1.31 655 1981 240 2.300 552 1.40 773 1982 300 1,840 552 1.35 792 1983 255 2,030 518 1.40 725 19 FRUIT AND VEGATABLE HIGHLIGHTS CRANBERRIES Massachusetts cranberry growers have been producing record or near record crops each year for the past several years and 1983 was no exception. Production in 1983 totaled a record 1.460 million barrels, 13 percent above the 1982 production. Excellent growing conditions contributed to a record high yield with growers harvesting 130.4 barrels to the acre. A season average price of $50.70 per barrel during 1983 gave growers a $74.0 million value for their crop. APPLES Apple producers in the Commonwealth had a relatively good year on the production side in 1983 with a crop 2.3 million 42-pound units. The price per unit, at $7.10, was down from the previous two years with resulting value of production 5 percent below 1982. Massachusetts apple production continues to rank 13th in the Nation. PEACHES The 1983 peach crop benefitted from favorable growing conditions. Production totaled 35,000 48-pound units, I 13 percent above the previous year. Price per unit also increased in 1983 resulting in a value of production totaling $782,000. 1 POTATOES Potato production in 1983 totaled 646,000 cwt., 17 percent below the previous ye?ir and the smallest | production since 1973. The drop in production resulted from both an acreage reduction and a relatively low yield. The crop is valued at $4.0 million, the lowest value since 1975. VEGETABLES Commercial vegetable growers in the Commonwealth produced 800,000 cwt. of sweet corn and 94,000 cwt. of tomatoes for sale as fresh produce in 1983. Sweet corn production was 18 percent more than 1982, while tomato production was down 35 percent. The value of these two commodities was $13.5 million in 1983, 3 percent less than the 1982 value. The decrease in value was the result of the lower tomato production and value as sweet corn was above 1982. 20 CRANBERRIES: ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973 - 1983 YEAR ACRES YIELD PER ACRE PRODUCTION 1/ UTILIZATION lllf"^ PROCESSED SHRINKAGE SEASON AVERAGE PRICE PER BARREL 3/ VALUE OF UTILIZED PRODUCTION 4/ 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1 1 , 200 11,200 11,200 11,200 11,200 11,200 11,200 1 1 , 200 11,200 11,200 11,200 Barrels 80.4 83.2 70.1 83.5 78.1 105.4 96.4 105.8 104.6 114.9 130.4 1.000 Barrels Dollars 1,000 Dollars 901 932 785 935 875 1,180 1,080 1,185 1,172 1,287 1,460 246 563 167 491 162 508 220 630 207 576 247 833 130 880 110 1,016 205 875 169 998 176 1,257 92 274 115 85 92 100 70 59 92 120 27 13.60 10.70 13.00 13.40 17.70 21.60 26.60 33.50 41.50 46.30 50.70 12,254 9,972 10,205 12,529 15,488 25,488 28,728 39,698 48,639 59,588 74,022 2/ Includes cranberries that were put in set aside under the Cranberry Marketing Order. 2/ Berries paid for by processors and lost because of dehydration and berry breakdown after delivery. 3/ Equivalent return at first delivery point, screen basis. 4/ Excludes cranberries that were put in set aside under the Cranberry Marketing Order, APPLES: PRODUCTION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973 - 1983 YEAR TOTAL PRODUCTION 1/ UTILIZED PRODUCTION PRICE PER UNIT VALUE OF UTILIZED PRODUCTION 1,000 42-Pound Units 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1,976 2,548 2,500 2,262 2,262 2,500 2,262 2,381 1,976 2,381 2,310 1,976 2,381 2,333 2,262 2,190 2,500 2,262 2,381 1,976 2,381 2,310 Dollars 5.59 4.33 37 13 38 5.80 6.51 6.13 8.35 7.26 7.10 1,000 Dollars 11,039 10,300 10,192 13,870 11,776 14,490 14,725 14,600 16,501 17,290 16,403 1/ Estimates relate to production in orchards of 100 or more trees. PEACHES: PRODUCTION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973 - 1983 YEAR PRODUCTION PRICE PER UNIT VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1,000 48-Pound Units 58 35 42 35 42 38 38 42 4 31 35 Dollars 9.66 8.74 9.52 12.63 10.48 13.74 15.16 14.29 17.50 21.77 22.34 1,000 Dollars 560 306 400 442 440 522 576 600 70 675 782 21 YEAR POTATOES: ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS 1973-1983 ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION SEASON AVERAGE PRICE PER CWT. VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1983 3,400 Cwt. 190 1,000 Cwt 1973 4,000 160 640 1974 4,400 200 880 1975 3,900 205 800 1976 3,500 220 770 1977 3,700 240 888 1978 3,600 225 810 1979 3,400 220 748 1980 3,400 220 748 1981 3,300 225 743 1982 3,800 205 779 646 ollars 1,000 Dollars 4.90 3,336 3.50 3,080 5.00 4,000 5.80 4,466 5.40 4,795 6.30 5,103 5.60 4,189 7.50 5,610 5.40 4,012 3.90 3,038 6.20 4.005 TOMATOES: ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR ACRES YIELD TOTAL AVERAGE PRICE VALUE OF HARVESTED PER ACRE PRODUCTION PER CWT. PRODUCTION Cwt. 1,000 Cwt. Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1973 730 195 142 17.40 2,471 1974 700 175 123 16.50 2,030 1975 630 210 132 18.00 2,376 1976 590 195 115 21.40 2,461 1977 560 190 106 20.40 2,162 1978 550 210 116 21.80 2,529 1979 510 190 97 24.60 2,386 1980 680 210 143 21.70 3,103 1981 760 215 163 20,10 3,276 1982 660 220 145 30.00 4,350 1983 570 165 94 30,00 2,820 SWEET CORN: ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973-1983 YEAR ACRES HARVESTED YIELD PER ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION AVERAGE PRICE PER CWT. VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 8,000 8,200 8,600 8,200 7,800 7,200 7,700 8,200 8,800 7,700 8,700 wt. 1,000 Cwt. Dollars 1,000 Dollars 78 624 6.20 3,869 62 508 8.90 4,521 81 697 7.10 4,949 72 590 7.71 4,549 60 468 8.90 4,165 88 634 7,00 4,438 84 647 8,99 5,817 88 722 9,09 6,563 85 748 11,70 8,752 88 678 14.00 9,492 92 800 13.30 10,640 22 MAPLE SYRUP Maple syrup production during the spring of 1983 totaled 20,000 gallons, 33 percent below thepreceding year. The season was reported too warm in most areas and was the main cause of the lower production. The 1983 sugaring season opened about one week earlier than normal and closed around the usual closing date. The color of the syrup was reported as primarily medium. At $20.90 per gallon, the syrup crop had a value of $418,000, 31 percent less than the previous year. MAPLE SYRUP: PRODUCTION AND VALUE, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973 - 1984 YEAR PRODUCTION SEASON AVERAGE PRICE PER GALLON VALUE OF PRODUCTION 1,000 Gallons Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1973 20 9,40 188 1974 25 11.20 280 1975 31 10.70 332 1976 27 12.75 344 1977 27 14.20 383 1978 28 14.10 395 1979 30 15.90 477 1980 18 18.40 331 1981 40 18.70 748 1982 30 20.20 606 1983 20 20.90 418 1984 26 21.20 551 MAPLE SYRUP PRICES: BY TYPE OF SALE AND SIZE OF CONTAINER, MASSACHUSETTS, 1973 - 1984 YEAR RETAIL GAL 1/2 GAL QUART PINT 1/2 PINT WHOLESALE GAL 1/2 GAL QUART PINT 1/2 PINT ALL SALES EQUIVALENT PER GALLON D 0 1 a r s 1973 9.00 5.00 3.10 2.25 1.25 8.30 4.60 2.85 1.80 1.10 9.40 1974 10.50 5.90 3.55 2.30 1.40 9.00 5.00 3.00 1.85 1.20 11.20 1975 11.10 6.20 3.75 2.50 1.50 10.00 5.45 3.30 2.05 1.15 10.70 1976 11.65 6.45 3.90 2.55 1.50 10.35 5.75 3.35 2.20 1.35 12.75 1977 12.30 6.90 4.05 2.65 1.80 11.20 6.05 3.70 2.40 1.50 14.20 1978 13.10 7.40 4.29 2.81 1.86 11.66 6.59 3.79 2.41 1.49 14.10 1979 14.88 8.37 4.84 3.12 2.13 12.53 7.13 4.09 2.66 1.77 15.90 1980 17.66 9.69 5.88 3.69 2.46 16.25 8.94 4.73 3.07 1.98 18.40 1981 18.69 10.73 6.23 4.07 2.59 16.44 9.39 5.39 3.33 2.01 18.70 1982 19.39 11.31 6.61 4.20 2.68 16.38 9.87 5.41 3.46 2.13 20.20 1983 19.29 11.08 6.56 4.23 2.64 17.09 9.76 5.74 3.42 2.23 20.90 1984 19.40 11.16 6.56 4.28 2.66 16.80 9.54 5.48 3.50 2.25 20.60 23 COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER: CONSUMPTION BY KIND AND PLANT NUTRIENTS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1975 - 1983 YEAR KINO OF FERTILIZER MIXED FERTILIZER PRIMARY NUTRIENT MATERIALS SECONDARY AND MICRO- NUTRIENTS TOTAL FERTILIZER PRIMARY NUTRIENTS AVAILABLE P2O5 K2O Tons 1975 51,814 15,216 36 67,066 7,866 5,588 6,049 1976 55,548 15,335 150 71,033 8,803 5,984 6,779 1977 53,094 14,882 28 68,004 9,015 6,872 6,607 1978 71,471 14,970 62 86,503 11,501 7,644 8,552 1979 58,397 11,393 224 70.014 10,275 6,220 7,530 1980 50,417 15,207 117 65,741 9,081 5,444 6,375 1981 59,793 10,864 466 71,123 9,352 7,457 6,893 1982 47,171 15,239 689 63,099 8,550 5,122 6,688 1983 37,194 14,342 312 51,848 7,692 3,986 5,226 PRICES PAID BY FARMERS: INDEX NUMBERS, ANNUAL AVERAGE, UNITED STATES, 1973 - 1983, BY YEARS (1977=100) COMMODITIES & SER- PRODUCTION INTEREST TAXES WAGE RATES YEAR VICES, INTEREST, ITEMS PRODUCTION PAYABLE PAYABLE FOR HIRED TAXES & INTEREST, TAXES ITEMS PER PER FARM LABOR WAGE RATES & WAGE RATES ACRE ACRE 1/ 1973 71 72 73 55 77 69 1974 81 81 83 65 81 79 1975 89 89 91 77 87 85 1976 95 95 97 88 94 93 1977 100 100 100 100 100 100 1978 108 109 108 117 100 107 1979 123 125 125 143 107 117 1980 138 139 138 174 115 126 1981 150 151 148 211 123 137 1982 157 155 150 241 131 143 1983 161 159 153 251 137 147 1/ Simple average of quarterly indexes seasonally adjusted. INDEX NUMBERS OF PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS, BY COMMODITY GROUPS, U.S. ANNUAL AVERAGE, 1973-1983 (1977=100) CROPS LIVESTOCK & PRODUCTS 1 ALL YEAR FOOD GRAINS FEED GRAINS AND HAY TOBACCO COTTON OIL BEARING CROPS FRUIT COM- MERCIAL VEGE- TABLES ALL CROPS DAIRY PROD- UCTS POULTRY & EGGS MEAT ANI- MALS ALL LIVE- STOCK FARM PROD- UCTS 1 1973 138 90 74 54 93 84 76 91 74 101 118 104 98 1974 192 134 85 85 96 86 81 117 86 94 98 94 105 1975 155 127 93 68 81 85 92 105 90 103 100 98 101 1976 129 120 93 99 85 80 91 102 100 102 101 101 102 1977 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1978 122 101 1099 91 93 137 105 105 109 106 134 124 115 1979 147 114 118 96 103 144 110 116 124 111 166 147 132 1980 165 132 125 114 102 124 113 125 135 112 156 144 134 1981 166 141 140 111 110 130 136 134 142 116 150 143 139 1982 146 120 154 92 88 175 127 121 140 110 155 145 133 1983 148 144 147 104 102 126 131 127 140 118 147 141 134 24 FEED PRICES: AVERAGE PRICE PAID, BY MONTH, MASSACHUSETTS, 1979-1983 KIND AND CEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC D 0 1 1 a r s Per Ton Laying Feed 1979 144 145 149 150 152 153 165 162 160 165 160 162 1980 162 162 160 160 165 165 174 184 195 195 205 200 1981 205 200 195 195 195 195 190 188 178 178 174 174 1982 175 174 170 170 172 173 173 171 167 159 160 164 1983 165 167 170 176 180 179 182 190 195 195 195 192 Dairy Feed 16% protein 1979 148 150 151 147 147 149 161 153 155 162 162 165 1980 165 160 160 160 160 160 164 175 185 185 195 195 1981 200 200 190 195 200 195 190 185 177 180 180 180 1982 180 178 175 178 172 177 176 176 170 155 170 171 1983 172 169 169 172 175 173 173 180 189 192 205 200 18% protein 1979 152 154 155 151 151 153 165 160 162 170 170 175 1980 175 170 170 165 165 165 170 175 190 200 210 210 1981 215 215 205 210 215 210 210 200 196 200 197 197 1982 197 195 193 196 180 191 185 187 183 163 180 182 1983 183 180 181 182 185 181 181 186 196 200 205 205 20X protein 1979 156 158 159 155 155 157 170 163 165 172 172 177 1980 177 175 175 170 170 170 173 185 200 205 215 215 1981 220 220 210 215 220 215 210 205 200 200 200 200 1982 200 200 195 197 179 194 190 190 187 167 184 183 1983 185 184 185 185 188 184 184 191 200 205 210 210 Dollars Per Cwt Bran 1979 8.60 8.80 8.90 8.90 8.80 8.90 9.50 9.00 8.90 8.90 8.90 9.20 1980 9.80 9.90 10.00 10.50 10.00 10,50 10.50 10,50 11.00 11.50 11.50 11.50 1981 11.50 11.00 10.00 10.00 10.50 10,50 10.50 10,00 9.50 9.30 9.70 9.80 1982 10.50 10.00 9.50 9.80 11.00 9.70 9.30 9.10 9.00 9.70 9.10 9.20 1983 9.50 9.60 9.60 10.00 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.50 11.00 12.00 13.00 12.50 Middlings 1979 8.50 8.60 8.70 8.30 8.30 8.30 9.20 8.60 8.60 8.90 9.00 9.20 1980 9.20 8.70 9.00 9.50 9.50 9.40 9.20 9,70 10.50 11.00 11.00 11.00 1981 11.00 10.50 9.50 10.00 10.50 10.00 9.50 9,00 9.00 9.20 9,50 9.80 1982 9.80 9.60 9.50 9.80 11.00 9.90 9.50 9,40 9.10 9.80 9,20 9.40 1983 9.60 10.00 9.40 9.80 10.00 9.70 9.70 10,00 10.50 11.00 12,00 12.00 Cornmeal 1979 7.80 7,90 8.20 8.30 8.50 8.60 9.40 9,30 9.30 9.30 9.20 9.10 1980 8.80 8.70 9.00 9.20 9.00 9.10 9.50 10,00 10,50 10.50 10.50 10.50 1981 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 10.50 10.00 9.70 9.70 1982 9.60 9.70 9.80 9.90 10,00 10.00 10.50 10.50 10.50 9.70 9.80 9.80 1983 9.70 9.80 10.00 10.00 10,50 10.50 10,50 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 Soybean Meal 1979 14.50 14.50 15.00 15.00 15,00 15.00 16,00 15.00 14.50 15.00 14.50 15.00 1980 15.00 14.50 14.50 14.50 14,00 14.00 14.50 15.50 17.00 18.00 19.00 18.50 1981 18.00 17.50 17.50 18.00 18.00 17.50 17.00 17.00 16.50 16.00 16.00 16.00 1982 16.00 16.50 16.50 16.50 17.00 16.00 16.00 15.50 15,50 15.00 15.50 15.50 1983 15.50 15.50 15.50 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 17.00 17,50 17.00 17.50 17.50 Molasses 1979 5.80 5.90 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.10 6.40 6.40 6,40 6,60 7.20 7.00 1980 7.20 8.00 8.00 8.30 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.80 9,70 9,70 10.00 9.50 1981 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.80 9.50 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.70 8.30 8.10 1982 8.10 8.10 8.10 7.80 8.60 8.00 8.70 8.10 8.10 8.30 8.00 7.70 1983 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.90 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.90 8.00 Stock Salt 1979 5.60 5.60 5.70 5,70 5.70 5.60 5.70 5.80 5.80 5.80 6.00 6.00 1980 6.10 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 7.50 8.20 8.20 8.50 8.70 8.60 7.80 1981 8.00 7.70 7.70 7.70 7.90 8.00 8.00 8.50 8.50 8.00 8.40 8.10 1982 8.50 8.00 8.00 8,00 9.00 7.90 8.50 8.70 8.60 9.40 8,90 9.00 1983 9.00 9.30 9.40 9.40 9.50 9.50 9.40 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.70 25 FARM PRODUCTION EXPENDITURES, NORTHEAST 1/ AND UNITED STATES, 1983 NORTHEAST UNITED STATES EXPENDITURE 2/ AVERAGE TOTAL AVERAGE TOTAL PER FARM EXPENDITURE PER FARM EXPENDITURE 3/ £/ 11 1/ Dollars 1,000 Dollars Dollars 1,000 Dollars TOTAL FARM PRODUCTION EXPENDITURES 50,551 8,553,100 55,521 131,301,819 LIVESTOCK & POULTRY: 3,937 666,483 5,792 13.697,917 Cattle Purchased 1,280 216,685 4,209 9,954,172 Hogs & Pigs Purchased 135 22,917 397 939,040 Sheep & Lambs Purchased 8 1,383 153 361,924 Poultry Purchased 602 101,931 346 818,648 Other Livestock & Poultry Purchased 519 87,905 330 780,471 Other 5/ 492 83,271 256 606,150 FARM SERVICES: 5,964 1,009,671 9,691 22,918.341 Custom Hire 304 51,500 750 1,772,502 Veterinarian, Medicine & Supplies 526 89,030 343 812,109 Hired Transportation for Delivery to F arm 92 15,593 66 157,157 Insurance 965 163,413 941 2,224,326 Marketing Expenses (Crop & Livestock) 1,041 176,208 1,292 3.056,305 Miscellaneous Farm Business 1,033 174,912 880 2,080,094 Rent 1,064 180,122 5,264 12,448,054 Cash Rent 905 153,197 2,171 5,133,472 Share Rent 159 26,924 3,093 7,314,582 Equipment Leasing 6/ 74 12,602 156 367,794 FEED: 11,779 1,994,210 8,580 20,289,707 Grains 1,608 272,182 2,721 6,434,052 Hays & Forages 482 81,666 909 2,150,327 Mixed or Formula Feeds 9,322 1,578,264 4,487 10,611,206 Other Feeds, Additives & Ingredients 362 61,301 371 876.401 Pasture & Grazing Livestock 5 797 92 217,722 WAGES & CONTRACT LABOR: 6,272 1,061,920 4,661 11,023,122 Cash Wages 5,190 878,744 3,701 8,752,328 Contract Labor 132 22,316 275 649,570 Total Perquisites Furnished 950 160,859 686 1,621,225 INTEREST: 3,724 630,501 5,880 13,905,083 Farm Real Estate 2,771 469,166 3,351 7,925,424 Operating Loans 7/ 953 161,335 2,529 5,979,659 Landlord Farm Real Estate 42 7,101 250 591,093 FERTILIZER. LIME & SOIL CONDITIONERS: 8/ 2,737 463,405 3,546 8,386,797 Custom Applied Fertilizer 626 106,034 1,182 2,794,386 Not Custom Applied Fertilizer 1,739 294,477 1,925 4,553,547 Lime & Soil Conditioners 343 58,118 151 357,783 FUELS & ENERGY: 3,807 644,515 4,042 9,558.793 Gasoline - Delivered Bulk to Farm 802 135,783 818 1,934,959 Gasoline - Purchased at Service Station 269 45,458 299 707,740 Diesel Fuel 848 143,588 1,331 3,148,489 Fuel Oil & Kerosene 330 55,872 52 122,475 L. P. Gas 122 20,732 280 663,241 Natural Gas 145 24,534 144 341,235 Motor Oil, Grease & Special Fluids 127 21,500 173 408,290 Electricity (Excluding Irrigation) 1,090 184,615 687 1,624,669 Electricity for Irrigation 10 1,739 248 585,608 See Footnotes, Page 26 26 FARM PRODUCTION EXPENDITURES, NORTHEAST 1/ AND UNITED STATES, 1983 EXPENDITURE II NORTHEAST AVERAGE PER FARM 3/ TOTAL EXPENDITURE 4/ UNITED STATES AVERAGE PER FARM 3/ TOTAL EXPENDITURE 4/ FARM & MOTOR SUPPLIES: Motor Vehic. Operating Cost Other than Fuels Miscellaneous Farm Supplies Marketing Containers BUILDING. FENCING & FARM IMPROVEMENTS: 9/ New Building Construction & Remodeling Building Maintenance & Repair Fencing Expenses Maintenance & Repairs (Other) New Construction Improvements (Other) TRACTORS & SELF-PROPELLED MACHINERY: Tractors Tractors, New Tractors, Used Self-Propel led Machinery Dollars 3,569 1,693 1,129 747 1,761 829 389 75 130 276 898 709 331 378 189 OTHER FARM MACHINERY, IMPLEMNTS & LIVESTK EQUIPMT: 1,662 Farm Machinery, Not Self-Propel led Dairy, Poultry & Other Livestock Equipment Repair & Maintenance Livestock Equipment SEEDS & PLANTS: Seed for Field Crops & Small Grains TAXES: Farm Real Estate Other Property Tax IJ Landlord Farm Real Estate 1,148 311 204 1,000 Dollars 604,179 286,585 191,177 126,418 298,057 140,407 65,809 12,741 21,961 46,668 151,977 119,959 55,958 64,001 32,019 281,330 194,281 52,579 34,470 Dollars 3,097 2,109 707 280 1,957 875 219 147 252 447 1,694 1,102 570 532 592 1,449 1,042 219 188 1,000 Dollars 7,324,050 4,988,677 1,672,711 662,672 4,628,859 2,068,244 518,274 346,985 595,514 1,056,531 4,005,601 2,606,156 1,347,430 1,258,726 1,399,445 3,426,304 2,464,286 518,458 443,560 1,319 223,367 1,478 3,494,495 613 103,814 1,034 2,445,698 1,543 261,249 1,200 2,837,617 1,305 238 443 220,940 40,309 74,960 994 206 690 2,351,072 486,545 1,631,400 \UTOS. TRUCKS & OTHER VEHICLES: 10/ 765 129.534 20.985 1,000 169 2,365,851 Autos 124 399,404 Trucks 519 87,921 717 1,695,045 Trucks, New 436 73.844 582 1,376,407 Trucks, Used 83 14,078 135 318,638 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS: 8/ 11/ 802 135,833 124,820 1,448 469 3,425,055 Pesticides for Crops & Crop Storage 737 1,108,614 Pesticides for Livestock, Poultry & Buildings 56 9,461 10 23,850 INALLOCATED OTHER EXPENSES: 12 2.029 6 14,217 1/ Includes eleven states: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont. 2/ Farm share. 37 Total expenditure divided by number of farms. T/ Totals may not add, due to rounding. 1)1 Excludes veterinarian fees, medicine and breeding fees. %l Includes equipment renting. 7/ Includes landlord expenditures. 5/ Landlord expenditure Included only in total. 9/ "All Other Improvements" included in total only. \l "Other Vehicles" Included in total only. \l Includes seed treatments. 27 FARM BALANCE SHEET (Excluding Farm Households), MASSACHUSETTS, JANUARY 1, 1979-1983 ITEM 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 Million Dollars Assets: Real Estate 1/ 737.5 783.6 807.0 804.2 823.1 Livestock and Poultry 2/ 65.3 78.8 90.0 87.3 77.3 Machinery and Motor Vehicles 3/ 135.6 149.3 150.6 153.9 158.1 Crops 4/ 26.2 22.8 25.2 24.8 26.4 Financial Assets 65.8 69.8 64.4 70.9 71.5 TOTAL FARM ASSETS 1,030.3 1,104.3 1,137.3 1,141.1 1,156.5 Claims: Real Estate Debt 5/ 57.3 67.3 74.0 82.6 86.3 Non-Real Estate Debt 6/ 105.6 129.5 124.9 139.7 138.3 TOTAL FARM DEBT 163.0 196.8 199.0 222.3 224.6 Equity 867.4 907.5 938.3 918.8 932.0 1/ Excludes value of operator dwellings. 2/ Excludes horses, mules, and broilers. 3/ Includes only farm share value for trucks and autos. 4/ All crops held on farms including crops under CCC and crops held off farms by farm operators. 5/ Excludes debt on operator dwellings. 6/ Excludes debt for non-farm purposes. FARM PRODUCTION EXPENSES, MASSACHUSETTS, 1978-1982 CURRENT FARM OPERATING EXPENSES ■1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Mil lion Dol lars Feed Livestock Seed Fertilizer and Lime Repairs and Operation of Capital Items Hired Labor Miscel laneous TOTAL CURRENT FARM OPERATING EXPENSES Depreciation and Other Consumption of Farm Capital Taxes on Farm Property Interest on Farm Mortgage Debt Net Rent to Non-Operator Landlord 39.7 43.7 46.9 48.4 45.0 2.9 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.0 7.8 8.8 10.0 10.5 10.6 8.3 7.7 8.8 9.7 7.6 27.6 34.9 40.3 42.4 41.5 50.5 58.8 64.4 62.6 74.2 35.8 38.8 41.8 49.6 52.3 72.7 194.1 213.4 224.8 232.3 36.3 52.4 58.4 62.7 63.8 14,2 27.8 20.4 21.8 21.3 5.5 6.2 7.3 8.3 9.7 -.3 __ .1 .3 .3 TOTAL PRODUCTION 228.3 280.5 299.6 317.9 327.4 GROSS INCOME AND NET INCOME FROM FARMING, MASSACHUSETTS, 1960-1982 ITEM 1960 1970 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Million Dollars Gross Farm Income: Cash Receipts from Farm Marketing Government Payment Non-Money Income Other Farm Income TOTAL Farm Production Expenses Net Farm Income Before Inventory Adjustment Net Change in Farm Inventory Net Farm Income After Inventory Adjustment 164.7 157.0 278.8 287.4 305.9 330.0 341.1 .7 .6 .8 .6 .7 .8 .6 15.5 15.1 41.5 47.7 54.5 54.8 56.5 .7 1.5 2.2 2.7 2.8 3.3 3.5 181.6 174.2 323.2 338.4 364.0 388.9 401.8 135.6 131.3 237.3 280.5 299.6 317.9 327.4 46.1 42.8 85.9 57.9 64.4 71.0 74.4 1.3 .2 .1 3.4 2.9 -6.8 -6.8 47.3 43.0 86.1 61.3 67.3 64.2 67.6 28 CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION: RANK AMONG STATES, MASSACHUSETTS AND NEW ENGLAND, 1983 UNIT MASSACHUSETTS NEW ENGLAND ITEM PRODUCTION RANK %U.S. TOTAL PRODUCTION RANK %U.S. TOTAL 1,000 1,000 CROPS: Cranberries barrels 1,460 1 48.3 1,460 1 48.3 Apples 42-pounds 2,310 13 1.2 7,929 8 4.0 Peaches 48-pounds 35 32 * n/a n/a n/a Corn for Si age tons 663 32 .7 3,904 6 4.0 Hay, All tons 313 43 .2 2,086 23 1.5 Potatoes cwt. 646 33 .2 24,190 3 7.2 Tobacco pounds 768 16 .05 4,224 15 .3 Sweet Corn cwt. 800 8 5.6 n/a n/a n/a Tomatoes cwt. 94 20 .3 n/a n/a n/a Maple Syrup gallons 20 n/a n/a 607 n/a n/a LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY: Eggs each 265,000 40 .4 3,006,000 8 4.4 Milk pounds 611,000 38 .4 4,845,000 7 3.5 Wool pounds 56 37 .1 330 30 .3 Sheep head .2 37 * 4 30 .2 Lambs head 3 37 * 26 30 .4 Hogs and Pigs head 59 40 J 102 35 .1 Cattle head 16 46 * 191 37 .4 Calves head 23 42 .2 172 31 1.6 * Less than .05 percent FARMS: NUMBER AND LAND, MASSACHUSETTS AND NEW ENGLAND, 1973 - 1984 1/ MASSACHUSETTS NEW ENGLAND YEAR NUMBER OF AVERAGE LAND IN NUMBER OF AVERAGE LAND IN FARMS SIZE FARMS FARMS SIZE FARMS Acres 1,000 Acres Acres 1,000 Acres 1973 5,500 124 680 28,040 192 5,378 1974 5,500 124 680 27,740 192 5,318 1975 5,800 121 700 26,120 197 5,135 1976 6,300 in 700 27,960 185 5,165 1977 6,200 111 690 28,300 182 5,155 1978 5,900 115 680 28,700 180 5,165 1979 6,200 113 700 29,900 173 5,165 1980 6,200 116 720 30,660 169 5,185 1981 6,100 115 700 30,920 169 5,225 1982 6,100 113 690 30.000 169 5,075 1983 6,100 110 670 30,200 167 5,045 1984 6,100 in 680 29,950 169 5,063 1/ A farm is a place that sells or normally would sell $1,000 of agricultural products. 29 CASH RECEIPTS FROM FARM MARKETINGS, MASSACHUSETTS, 1981-1983 COMMODITY 1981 1982 1983 COMMODITY 1981 1982 1983 1. 000 Doll ars 1. 000 Doll ars CROPS LIVESTOCK Hay 2,498 2,929 3,267 Cattle and Calyes 12,694 7,593 7,183 tobacco 14,895 14,953 4,542 Hogs and Pigs 5,515 7,765 5,838 Potatoes 4,420 3,832 2,251 Sheep and Lambs 159 257 161 Sweet Corn 8,752 9,492 10,640 Dairy Products 85,989 89,074 91,345 Tomatoes 3,276 4,350 2,820 Chickens 817 387 571 Misc. Vegetables 22,886 25,660 18,500 Eggs 22,933 21,910 20,020 Apples 12,856 15,344 14,846 Turkeys 2,345 2,379 2,782 Peaches 35 630 736 Misc. Poultry 2,875 2,831 3,475 Cranberries 48,639 59,588 54,820 Misc Livestock 3,118 3,417 4,714 Other Berries 1,404 2,065 2,270 Misc. Fruits 283 285 275 TOTAL LIVESTOCK 136,445 135,613 136,089 Maple 711 566 397 Forest Products 1,656 1,634 1,720 Greenhouse/Nursery 90,556 92,000 100,000 Misc. Crops 3,297 4,100 3,775 ALL COMMODITIES 352,609 373,041 366,948 TOTAL CROPS 216,164 237,428 230,859 MASSACHUSETTS - 1983 LIVESTOCK . - 37% CROPS - 63% 30 Per capita comsumption gf major food commoditiei (retail weight)'— 1974 1978 1978 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982* Pound! M„^, 151.3 M3.7 153.0 152.3 146.9 141.8 147.7 14B.S 139.4 BpBi' 85.6 87.9 94.4 91.8 87.2 78.0 76.5 77.2 77.3 V„| " * 1.9 3.4 3.3 3.2 .2.4 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 L.mbtnd moHon ! .■.!!.! ! 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 r„,y .. 61.8 60.7 63.7 55.8 65.9 63.8 68.3 65.0 69.0 Fi.h Mibii wtiohiii ;!!;!!!!!! .' 12.1 12.2 12.9 12.7 13.4 no 12.8 12.9 12.3 Cnned 4.7 4.3 4.2 4.6 6.0 4.8 4.5 4 8 4.3 Ff#>h .nd IroMo 6.9 7.6 8.2 7.7 8.1 7.8 8.0 7.8 7.7 Cured 0.6 0.4 O.B 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 Poullry product*! Ej,,, 36.0 35.1 34.3 34.0 34.6 35.3 34.6 33.8 33.4 Chicken ("ri.Bdv.to'cookl 40.7 40.1 42.7 44.1 46.7 60.6 60.1 61.7 52.9 Turkey (rpndy-to-cook» 8.8 8.6 9.1 9.1 9J 9.9 10.6 10.7 10.8 Oilry products: Cliec)9 (e«cludlng cotlogol 14.6 14.3 16.7 16.1 17.0 17.2 17.6 18.4 20.1 Csnnednnd bulk whole milk 6.6 6.3 6.0 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.8 4.1 4.1 Fluid milk end creem (product welBfill .. . 262.3 266.8 283.6 259.9 257.2 253.2 249.7 245.7 242.2 Icecream (prodiiclwr-lglitl 17.4 18.6 17.9 17.5 17.4 17.1 17.3 17.2 17.5 Fall (nd Ollf-Totel fM content 62.4 B2.4 64.9 63.2 64.6 65.7 65.9 66.6 66.8 nutter (ectunl yyeloht) 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.6 Mnrgarln* (actual weight) 11.1 11.0 11.9 11.4 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.1 11.1 Lard 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 Sliortenlnq 16.9 17.0 17.7 17.2 17.8 18.4 18.2 16.5 18.8 Ulher edible latf and olli 19.8 19.8 21.6 21.0 22.1 22.4 22.7 23.6 23.3 FrulH: Fresh 75.9 80.3 82.6 79.3 78.6 80.2 85.3 85.1 81.2 CItruj 26.6 28.4 28.1 25.5 25.7 23.8 28.1 24.2 24.0 Noncltrut 49.3 61.9 64.5 63.8 62.9 66.4 67.2 60.9 67.2 Processed: Canned fruit 19.3 19.0 18.6 19.0 17.9 17.8 17.4 16.4 13.0 Caniiedlulte ". 13.0 14.6 14.6 13.6 16.5 16.9 16.7 19.1 13.8 Frozen (Including /ulcei) 12.0 14.0 13.6 14.0 12.6 12.6 13.0 12.7 14.1 Chilled citrui (ulcei 6.2 6.6 6.1 6.7 6.1 5.5 6.9 4.2 3.5 Drind Z4 2.9 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.8 Vtgetehleii Fresh* 81. 8 90.3 92.9 93.6 95.4 96.4 98.8 96.2 100.9 Canned (excluding polaloesl 62.9 61.9 63.0 63.1 61.8 63.2 48.6 45.6 45.6 Frozen (excluding potatoej) 10.1 9.6 10.1 10.2 10.7 11.2 10.4 11.6 10.7 Fresh potatoes 45.5 61.6 48.B 61.6 48.8 62.1 63.6 45.3 40.7 Frof an potato productf 13.1 13.7 14.6 16.7 17.2 17.7 16.9 18.2 18.1 Sweetpolatoet* 4.7 4.S 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.8 4.3 Otalns: Wheatflour* Ill 116 119 116 116 117 117 116 114 nice 7.6 7.8 7.1 7.6 6.7 9.4 9.4 11.0 11.8 Othar! Codea 9.6 9.2 9.4 6.9 7.9 8.5 7.7 7.7 7.6 Cocoa 3.0 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.0 Peanuts (shelled) 6.4 6.6 6.2 6.3 6.8 6.8 6.5 6.4 6.6 Pry edible beam 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.2 4.8 4.7 4.6 6.7 6.0 Melons 17.0 17.2 18.3 19.1 19.8 18.9 16.9 18.8 20.4 Sugar (rediwd) 95.6 89.1 93.4 94.2 91.4 89.3 83.7 79.5 75.2 Corn sweeteners* 25.6 28.8 31.9 35.3 39.2 43.3 48.9 65.0 60.0 Soddrlnki (gallons) 26.7 27.3 30.6 33.3 35.4 36.8 37.8 38.9 39.6 ' Quantity In pounds, retail weight unless otherwise shown. Data on calendar year basis except (or dried fruits, fresh citrus fruits, peanuts, dry beans and rice which are on a crop-year basis. 'Preliminary. 'Commercial producllott (of sale as fresh produce. *Tabla stock and prccassad. 'While, whole wheal, lemollna, and durum (lour, 'Fructose and glucose, n.a. ■ not available. 31 ANNUAL REPORT MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FISCAL YEAR 1984 JULY 1, 1983 TO JUNE 30, 1984 32 BOARD OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Ralph A. Baldasaro, Chairman, Chester Joseph Arena, East Boston John George, Jr., So. Dartmouth Henry Easterbrooks, Dudley Christopher A. Scangas, Marblehead Raymond E. Duda, Easthampton Arthur Wyman, Bridgewater DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Frederic Winthrop, Jr., Commissioner William A. Starzec, Assistant Commissioner Erica L. Powers, General Counsel Peter F. Mines, Counsel Janet M. Christensen, Public Information Officer Mary C. Reardon, Secretary to the Commissioner DIVISION OF ADMINISTRATION Richard P. Connaughton, Director James T. Walsh, Head Administrative Assistant DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT John J. Fitzgerald, Director Guy L. Paris, Chief, Bureau of Markets James M. Cassidy, Assistant Director Schiva L. Gandhi, Foreign Trade Specialist Thomas W. Storrow, Chief, Bureau of Land Use Robert E. Woodruff, Land Use Administrator DIVISION OF ANIMAL HEALTH Mabel A. Owen, Director Dr. Victor LaBranche, Chief Veterinary Health Officer Harvey H. Smith, Supervisor of Poultry Products DIVISION OF FAIRS Stephen F. Quinn, Director Peter Bundy, Supervisor, Thoroughbred Programs Robert Bennett, Supervisor, Standardbred Programs DIVISION OF REGULATORY SERVICES Lewis F. Wells, Jr., Director Jeffrey Carlson, Chief, Pesticide Bureau John B. Kelley, Chief, Bureau of Milk Marketing Peter C. Kuzmiski, Chief, Bureau of Plant Pest Control Alfred R. Carl, Jr., Chief Apiary Inspector David L. Sheldon, Chief, Bureau of Dairying George L. Pittman, Supervisor of Inspection RECLAMATION BOARD Elizabeth M. Costello, Executive Secretary Mark S. Buffone, Entomologist 33 GENERAL COUNSEL Erica L. Powers, General Counsel 1983 was a banner year for legislation for the Department of Food and Agriculture. Six laws, of significance to many farmers, were enacted by the General Court and signed by the Governor. These included the Department reorga- nization, enacting legislation for a milk producers' security fund and for an apple marketing order, farmland evaluation guidelines for tax assessment under Chapter 61A, exemptions of plastic greenhouses from the requirements of the state building code, and regulations of the sale of maple syrup and maple pro- ducts. In addition, the Department was given responsibility to license persons engaged in the hearing dog business. Chapter 691 of the Acts of 1983, the Department reorganization, vests the powers and duties of the Milk Control Commission in the Commissioner of Food and Agriculture, and establishes a Bureau of Milk Marketing within the Division of Regulatory Services to continue the draft work of the former Milk Control Commission. In addition, the reorganization established a Division of Equine Programs, which includes a Bureau of Standardbred Breeding and a Bureau of Thoroughbred Breeding, functions presently carried out by the Division of Fairs. The Milk Producers' Security Fund, established by Chapter 706 of the Acts of 1983, went into effect March 22, 1984. Its purpose is reimbursing each Massachusetts dairy farmer who sold milk to a dealer who has defaulted in timely payment for the milk. It is funded by a contribution of five cents per hundred weight of milk sold by each dairy farmer who is not a member of a cooperative association which guarantees payment where there is a default in the payment for milk. The Commissioner has appointed a task force of contributing fanners to monitor the Milk Producers' Security Fund. With strong support from Massachusetts apple growers, enabling legislation was enacted which gives the Commissioner authority to make and issue marketing orders which provide for uniform grading, standards and inspections of apples, research programs, and advertising and sales promotions designed to benefit apple production, storage, processing, or marketing and sales. Chapter 650 of the Acts of 1983 also provides that an apple marketing order will be effective only after it is approved by either 65% of the producers voting who represent 51% of the preceeding season's production, or by 51% of the producers voting who represent 65% of the preceeding season's production. The Commissioner has appointed an apple industry task force to draft a proposed marketing order and has scheduled a referendum for August, 1984. Chapter 709 of the Acts of 1983 clarifies the farmland valuation provisions of Chapter 61A of the general laws. The Farmland Assessment Act, enacted in 1973, consistent with a 1'582 Supreme Judicial Court decision, Mann v. Board of Assessors of Wareham, Mass., 1982. It changes section 10 of Chapter 61A in two ways. First, it requires the assessors to use the values established by the Farmland Valuation Advisory Commission (FVAC) rather than to count them only as guidelines. Second, it changes the last three words of that section to make clear that the local boards of assessors shall use their personal knowledge, judgment and experience to supplement the ranges of values established by the FVAC only as that knowledge, judgment and experience relate to values of such land in agricultural use. 34 Massachusetts flower growers and vegetable growers who produce bedding plants need to use plastic greenhouses rather than those traditionally constructed of glass, because plastic greenhouses are less expensive to fabri- cate and are more energy-efficient than glass greenhouses. Chapter 67C of the Acts of 1983 acknowledges this technological development. Chapter 285 of the Acts of 1983, which protects pure maple syrup, provides that no person shall manufacture, label, package, sell or offer for sale any food article or food product branded as maple, including syrup, candy, cream, butter or sugar, which is not made from pure maple syrup derived from the sap of the maple tree. Chapter 585 of the Acts of 1983 gives the Department responsibility to license persons engaged in the hearing dog business. A hearing dog Is a dog that is professionally trained to aid deaf and hearing-impaired individuals. The regulatory work of the legal department Included the dismissal without prejudice of an adjudicatory proceeding against six milk dealers, and the conduct of hearings on milk price regulations and on proposed regulations to deter the sale of mflk below cost, culminating in the issuance of such regulations. Other projects included the exploration with industry representatives, of a possible milk advertising take-out to retain a portion of the federal milk advertising take-out in Massachusetts; representatives of the Department in the bankruptcy of the Great Barrington Fair and Amusement Co., Inc.; review of the operations of the Division of Fairs and the Standardbred and Thoroughbred breeding programs, resulting In a general tightening of procedures; and establishment of procedures for the Pesticide Bureau to gather evidence in a form and manner to enhance legal enforcement action. It was my privilege as General Counsel to testify before the Agriculture Plank Subcommittee of the Democratic National Platform Committee, to testify before the Internal Revenue Service on regulations on charitable deductions for gifts of conservation easements (including agricultural easements), and to par- ticipate in the Feathered Pipe Conclave in Montana to draft proposed revisions to those regulations; to speak before numerous commodity groups, including the Massachusetts Fruit Growers Association and the Massachusetts Farmers' Market Federation; and to conduct milk pricing hearings. ** In Memoriam: With deep regret we report that Peter F. Hines, Associate Counsel (formerly Counsel to the Milk Control Commission), died on October 8,1984, of cancer, after a brief illness. He was responsible for the Spence case, which is of great iinportance to farmers, and was in daily contact with members of many commodity groups on matters of concern to them. 35 OIVISIOM OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT John J. Fitzgerald, Director The nanifold task of maintaining a viable agriculture for the mutual bene- fit of the agribusiness industry and the consumer is the objective of the Division and the two Bureaus. The compatible functions of all units can be concisely stated as the establishment, protection and preservation of an agricultural land base together with the development, servicing and promotion of efficient movement of food and agricultural products to the consumer. The role of each unit of the Division in accomplishing this task is described herein. BUREAU OF MARKETS Guy L. Paris, Chief The objectives of the Bureau are to direct the functions of export marketing, public information, market news, milk flavoring program, promotional programs, roadside marketing, farmers markets and to assist commodity groups. The Bureau develops exhibits for trade shows, shopping center malls and agricultural fairs, prepares news releases, pamphlets and public service announ- cements. The Bureau assists commodity groups with legislative problems, their promotional programs and the marketing of their products, and assists agri- cultural purchasers in their negotiation with local farmers. Staff members attend functions related to marketing and promotion of agricultural products, develop and distribute point-of-purchase material and promotional material to retail stores and roadside stands pertaining to "Massachusetts Grown and Fresher" ! This year, the Bureau conducted a seminar at the State House promoting "Opportunities for Produce Wholesaling", conducted a produce buyer's vegetable farm tour, assisted local roadside stand operators with their building permit problems, assisted growers in their greenhouse construction problems with cities and towns, alloted promotional funds to commodity groups, and Federal /State Marketing Improvement Funds. The main concern of the Bureau is to move Massachusetts agricultural pro- ducts to markets. These markets can be direct sales to consumers, large or small retail foodnarkets, wholesalers, state or private institutions and other retail outlets. The marketing of farm products in Massachusetts results in cash receipts to local farmers of more than 300 million dollars. Agribusiness in the state is valued at several billion dollars, and food stores represent the largest retail business in the Commonwealth with some 5,714 food stores which generate sales of over four billion dollars. 36 FOREIGN TRADE DR. SCHIVA GANDHI Two basic factors have continued to influence agricultural exports - world economic growth and high U.S. interest rates. Over the past year, the developed and developing countries have experienced stagnant to moderate economic growth. High U.S. interest rates have had a twofold impact on dampening the demand for U.S. agricultural products. First they have promoted rapid appreciation of the U.S. dollar against major world currencies, making U.S. exports relatively more expensive, and secondly the high rates have increased the borrowing costs for developing countries. For the hundred or so Massachusetts agribusiness firms participating in our export programs, this past year has been a time when developing countries have assumed debts in massive proportions; that most of their revenues go in debt servicing; when the U.S. dollar is a powerful giant, creating an economic havoc throughout the world; when negative U.S. trade balance continues to mushroom and when protectionism is rising rapidly, further stifling world commerce. Faced with these harsh realities, increasing numbers of representatives of food and beverage manufacturing companies as well as exporters have been contacting the foreign trade section for information on the latest developments in foreign markets and for assistance in developing their marketing strategies. To this end they have been encouraged to focus their attention to the Pacific rim countries and on the export of value added products. The Dollar's Climb Against Major Currencies - A _ 136 _ r ^ - //• «_ 132 - /v J^^ - 128 - Na V - 124 - .A riy V - 120 - f\ f^ - 116 - t A y K - 112 - A rX - 108 - r% Ix - 104 - U.S. EFFECTIVE ■XCHANGE RATE > 1 J} \y^ - 100 S ^ A / 96 - V \ •A A A y» - W A A^W^ V K /> r Courtesy International - 92 " y\/\ / V v/ ^ Bank Credit Analyst ~ - y A — 88 "il 1 . hi i'. II 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 nil 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 II 1 III .ill. Ill 1 1 r M J S D MJ80M.,30 M J S 0 M J S 0 M J S 0 M J S 0 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 136 132 128 124 120 116 112 108 104 100 96 92 88 37 The global economic activity is shifting from the Atlantic to the Pacific. These dynamically growing East Asian countries of the Pacific rim, which have high population densities and import over 40 to 80 percent of their food con- sumption, now account for nearly one third of total sales abroad of U.S. farm products. The economic miracle that started in Japan is spreading from one country to another. Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea and Singapore have become "mini Japans". Indonesia and Malaysia with their vigorous growth and rising affluence are not far behind. Agricultural exports to this region are expected to continue experiencing a healthy rate of growth. (1,2) There is a 100 billion dollar market out there for high value and value added products. In 1983 U.S. exports of these products were approximately 13X of the world total. If our share of the world market can be boosted to 20% by the end of the decade, it will mean a million more jobs for the U.S. economy, up to 25 billion dollars more gross national product and 8 billion dollars foreign exchange earnings each year. Since the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) wants a large share of this economic pie, USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) initiated the Value Added Promotion Program (VAPP) this year. VAPP is an export incentive matching funds program. Each participant will receive a dollar from FAS for every dollar allocated and spent towards the promotion of their product(s) overseas. The Foreign Trade Specialist met with small groups of agribusiness company officials interested in VAPP, to assist each official in developing a marketing promotion plan (for their current regions of export and/or new global areas) geared to their product, which would yield optimum results, while still satisfying the export incentive program guidelines. VAPP is being administered through the regional export council - Eastern U.S. Agricultural & Food Export Council, Inc. (EUSAFEC). EUSAFEC is an organization of 10 Northeast State Departments of Agriculture. EUSAFEC program committee meetings are regularly attended throughout the year. At these meetings, members formulate policies to be adopted and initiatives to be taken to increase the exports of food and other agri- cultural products. An increasing number of Massachusetts firms are incorporating export trade shows into their marketing plan. They feel that an international trade show is a place to see and be seen, to make contacts, to check out competition and to use the show as a vehicle to tell their marketing story to several hundred foreign buyers, who, in turn, can examine, taste, discuss and buy the products the exhibitors have to offer. This year EUSAFEC sponsored the second U.S. International Food Show, which took place in the New York Coliseum (N.Y.C.) April 15-18, 1984. Several Massachusetts firms participated in this expo- sition. The general concensus among the exhibitors is that the show was an outstanding success. Here is what one Massachusetts exhibitor had to say: "This is our first international show. We hadn't realized what its size would be, or the number of potental buyers we would meet here. We actually wrote orders in the first hour of the show! --- Robert M. Ogan, Bake-N-Joy Foods" The Foreign Trade Section is currently concentrating on disemminating information on the second NASDA National Food X Agriculture Exposition to take place in the Kansas City Convention Center (Kansas City, Missouri) April 22-24, 1985. 1985. This event is sponsored by the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture (NASDA) and the Foreign Agricultural Service of the USDA. 38 In the last few years, the Foreign Trade Section has been working closely with the private agribusiness firms to help them launch an aggressive inter- national marketing program, in an effort to create a self-sustaining export momentum within the private sector. It appears that this approach has been very effective, and, of late, the Massachusetts' share of U.S. agricultural exports have been increasing dramatically as evidenced by the following excerpt from the article "Massachusetts - Exports Outpace Production and Industrial Jobs", in the September issue of Business America. "Massachusetts' share of U.S. agricultural exports in fiscal year 1982, including some manufactures of farm origin, totaled an estimated $24 million, double the fiscal year 1977 level. Shipments of fruit accounted for $12 million, or half of the total value. Estimated sales of $3 million each were recorded for exports of unmanufactured tobacco and vegetables. The sharp growth in exports of agricultural products from fiscal year 1977 to fiscal year 1982 accounted for 11 percent of the rise in farm sales and added to the income of Massachusetts' fanners. In this period, the export contribution to each dollar of the state's farm sales increased from 6 to 8 cents. Exports of fishery products from Massachusetts were valued at about $46 million in 1981. These shipments were two and a half times the value in 1977. The majority of these overseas sales was in fresh and frozen form. Small shipments of cured fish also were delivered to foreign markets". (3) Bibliography 1. "East Asia and Pacific Region - Growing in Importance for U.S. Agricultural Trade", Foreign Agriculture, December 1981, pp. 4-6. 2. Joseph Fromm, Walter A. Taylor, Robert Kaylor, Robert S. Oudney and Ron Scherer, "Pacific Rim - America's New Frontier", U.S. News and World Report, August 20, 1984, pp. 45-48. 3. "Massachusetts - Exports Outpace Production and Industrial Jobs", Business America, September 3, 1984, pp. 8-10. Massachusetts < grown...and fresher! 39 MARKET INVESTIGATOR David Wood Boston Ornamental Crop Report The Boston Ornamental Crop Report is published twice a week by the Bureau of Markets. This effort is part of the Federal -State Market News Program of the USDA which reports the wholesale prices of fresh commodities. Prices are received voluntarily from wholesale florists at the Boston Flower Exchange. In addition, local rose growers are contacted by telephone to obtain the F.O.B. price for roses at the greenhouse. There are about 120 paid subscribers to the report. It is mailed as far away as Florida and California although it is of most interest to Massachusetts retail florists and flower growers. Food Buyer's Guide The Food Buyer's Guide is a weekly price survey of area retail food outlets. Prices are obtained on fresh fruits and vegetables, and fresh cuts of meat at several supermarkets. During the growing season, visits are also made to local roadside stands and farmers' markets to include retail prices of locally grown produce. The information is summarized as a high to low range for the commodities and is published with a narrative of a featured food item of the week. The Food Buyer's Guide has a mailing list of about 300, although this number varies with the time of year. It is useful to our local growers who require price information to better market their products, and is also useful to dietitians. Extension personnel and institutional food buyers. ROADSIDE MARKETING SPECIALIST Craig M. Richov Massachusetts ranks sixth nationally in gross farm sales and can boast of a $30 million plus roadside marketing industry. Helping Massachusetts to remain one of the most progressive states in this field is the Department's Roadside Marketing Specialist, who visited close to 150 fanns this year. His in-store evaluations and recommendations to grower-retailers are intended to further upgrade the appearance, image and success of the more than 700 farm markets throughout the Commonwealth. A Roadside Market Newsletter is published monthly to inform growers of current marketing trends, merchandising ideas and techniques. The Marketing Specialist also compiled and published the 4th edition of "The Green Book". The wholesale directory was expanded to include ornamental crops and poultry pro- ducts as well as fruits and vegetables available from our local growers and pro- ducers. He also promoted agricultural products at trade shows, fairs and on television and radio. 40 PUBLIC INFORMATION Janet Christensen The public information program for the Department covered a wide variety of topics and issues this year relating to the Department and other state agencies. One of the most important in terms of its potential long range impact is the "Massachusetts Agriculture in the Classroom" program. Initiated by this Department, this innovative project is a cooperative one with the state Depart- ment of Education, and the University of Massachusetts Cooperative Extension Service, and it also includes representation from the Massachusetts Council for Social Studies, the state Economic Education Council and other state and regional agricultural organizations. A successful pilot field project last Spring will be followed up with par- ticipation by as many as 100 schools this year. At present, there are four Innovative curriculum units for students in grades four through six, and in the future, it is hoped that there will be units for kindergarten through grade twel ve . The project is part of a national task force established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to encourage educational programs in each state. The Massachusetts curriculum presently integrates agricultural themes and infor- mation into four teacher resource activity units in the following areas: social studies, science, nutrition and economics. Another unusual cooperative project in which the public information program has been involved is a proposed regional TV series on small scale agriculture. This is the outgrowth of the New England Governors Conference and the Eastern Canadian Premiers Association subcommittee concerning small scale farming. A pilot program has been produced which has been successfully reviewed by many groups and broadcasters, and it is hoped that a series of twenty-six 30 minute programs will be completed during the summer of 1985. As usual, the Department issued news releases on various events and topics. Produce-in-season is highlighted in weekly news releases during the summer months, and throughout the year various commodities are highlighted, e.g. dairy products, maple syrup, Christmas trees and whatever is available that is "Massachusetts grown and fresher!" Several new pamphlets were published, including various pick-your-own farm lists, a guide to fresh produce on Cape Cod, and a new one on local vegetables entitled, "For Those Who Don't Know Beans about Greens!" Plans were also made for publishing a new brochure called "A Consumer's Guide to the Safe and Proper Use of Pesticides." The Public Information program was fortunate to have the services during Spring semester of Maureen McCarthy, a nutrition communications graduate student at Boston University. The program has also benefited greatly from the addition of Diane Baedeker, a communications graduate of Simmons College. 41 BUREAU OF LAND USE THOMAS STORROW, CHIEF The protection of agricultural land and the wise use of our public land resources for farming and gardening are the main objectives of the Bureau of Land Use. The past year has been a productive one for the Bureau of Land Use, as over 100 farms are protected state-wide through the APR Program, positive steps have been taken to ensure continued agricultural use of our state lands, and a record number of gardeners are involved in our community gardening effort. Outlined are presentations on the most important activities of the Bureau of Land Use. Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program The Agricultural Preservation Restriction (APR) Program was established by the Legislature in December, 1977, to protect the Commonwealth's rapidly dimi- nishing farmland resources through the purchase of Agricultural Preservation Restrictions, commonly known as development rights. It is a voluntary program whereby farmland owners apply to the Department of Food and Agriculture to sell a restriction on all or a portion of their property. After field inspections, a screening and selection process, appraisals, and approval by the Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee, the Commonwealth acquires these deed restrictions, which run in perpetuity, and prohibit all activities that would destroy or impair the land for farming. Title to the land still rests with the landowner who enjoys all the traditional rights of the property ownership, such as the right to privacy, the right to lease or sell the land, and of course the right to farm the land. Since the program's inception, more than 9,825 acres have been protected state-wide. There are also more than 11,853 acres currently under appraisal. During the past six years the Legislature has appropriated five million dollars for each of the first four years, twenty million dollars in 1983, and another five million in 1984 for a total of $45 million to fund the program. The Massachusetts program is the most intensive farmland preservation program of its kind in the country and is being used as a model by other states considering similar farmland protection techniques. Background An active farmland preservation role by the State's Department of Food and Agriculture has come none-too-soon for Massachusetts, as over a million and a half acres of land in farms have gone out of production in the state since World War II. During the two decades between 1951 and 1971 it has been estimated that between 11,000 and 12,000 acres of farmland were lost annually in the state because of urban conversion. The tremendous loss of farmland in Massachusetts has slowed during the past decade, but the loss of farms and farmland continues. One just has to drive around the countryside to witness new houses going up in fields and orchards that were recently in active agricultural production. 42 The loss of agricultural land in nwst areas of Massachusetts will undoub- tedly continue, because the value of land for development purposes is greater than its value for agricultural purposes. The economic incentive to sell the farm for non-agricultural uses is often too tempting for a farmer to resist, or the land is simply just too expensive for the farmer's children or neighboring farmers to purchase. It is this disparity in land value for development versus agriculture that makes the Commonwealth's Agricultural Preservation Restriction (APR) Program work. APR Program Objectives The main objective of the Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program is to protect productive farmland through the purchase of deed restrictions and revitalize the agricultural industry by making land more affordable to farmers and their operations more financially secure. The specific goals of the Program include the following: 1. To save the best and most productive agricultural land remaining in the Commonwealth and; 2. To provide an opportunity for farmers to purchase farmland at affordable prices and; 3. To help farmland owners overcome estate planning problems and to address other personal ownership problems such as age, health, retirement and; 4. To release the equity "locked-up" in the land and therefore provide working capital to enable farm operations to become more financially stable and; 5. If other program objectives are met, to protect scenic open space and environmentally sensitive lands and; 6. To develop a positive attitude among farmers, agri businessmen, landowners and urban residents that agriculture in Massachusetts makes an important contribution to the state's economy, food supply and rural character. Status of Farms Already Protected All of the farms that are currently in the APR Program are checked from time to time for compliance with the terms of the Preservation Restriction. At this time, none of the farms have been cited for violation of the restriction, and all of the land currently protected remains in active agricultural use. During the summer of 1982 the Land Use Bureau staff conducted a research project on the status of the protected farms in terms of land use, ownership, types of farm improvements, and changes in the farm operation, with the objec- tive of determining how the APR monies were being spent and how the preservation restriction affected the farm. A total of thirty farms were visited and inter- views held with the owners. The following conclusions and statistics were drawn from these field visits. 43 Of the thirty farms protected, eleven (or thirty-six percent) had changed ownership since the preservation was completed. Out of the eleven farms that were sold, nine were purchased by family members or neighboring farmers and two were bought by new entry farmers. In the case of the sales to family members and neighbors, the sellers were all at or near retirement age, and they went on record as saying the APR Program helped them meet their retirement and ownership objectives. Thus, it is clear that the APR has been successful in helping farms pass from one generation to the next. Current Status of the APR Program There have been 107 farm properties covering 9825 acres of land protected by the APR Program since its inception. These farms range in size from a fifteen acre highly intensive market garden to 350 plus acre dairy operations. Included among these farms are apple and peach orchards, specialized vegetable farms, small fruit operations (mostly strawberries), general forage crop and livestock farms, field crops such as potatoes, cucumbers and grain corn, diversified dairy farms and specialized dairy farms. The types of farms in the Massachusetts program are an excellent cross-section of the types of food producing agri- cultural enterprises in the State. The distribution of the farms reflects the major agricultural regions of the state, and the Program is continuously progressing in these areas. One of the Program's major objectives is to continue to add more restricted land in the vicinity of those farms already protected, in order to secure large areas of land for agricultural production. More and more landowners are becoming fami- liar with the program, and the assemblage of large blocks of protected farmland Is underway In a number of towns. Including Westport, Lunenburg, Dudley, Hadley, Amherst and others. Cities and towns are actively encouraged to participate in the APR Program and local contributions now stand at $580,558. with $106,386. contributed in FY 1984. The Impact of proposition 21/2 appears to have had some negative impact on local contributions, but overall there is strong local support for the program and many towns are now annually appropriating modest amounts for APR purchases. In Table 5, the distribution of APR applications is outlined on a county basis, and Worcester County is the leader with a total of 103 applications, with Hampshire County and Middlesex Counties following. There are 158 municipalities represented and considering that about one third of the 368 cities and towns in the Commonwealth are urban, there is an excellent distribution of APR applica- tions In the farming regions of the state. In conclusion, it is becoming more and more apparent that the APR Program is being effective in protecting the state's limited agricultural land resource. In addition, it is having the positive effect of giving strength to the industry by releasing land equity and having the cash Invested back into the farm. A number of farms have been transferred in an orderly fashion to the next genera- tion of farmers and new opportunities have been created for others to enter pro- duction agriculture. It appears that with continued modest funding and more time, the APR Program will successfully secure an agricultural future for the State, while at the same time not unduly strain the financial resources of the Commonwealth. 44 State-Owned Farmland The Bureau has completed an inventory of agricultural lands which are part of Massachusetts' large Human Service institutions. Bureau staff are working closely with other state agencies to map these lands and protect them from non- agricultural uses. Plans are nearing completion for development of a major farmers' market and extensive community gardens on farmlands once part of Worcester State Hospital. The New England Small Farm Institute is entering its third year of work on the farmland and woodlots of the Belchertown State School. The Institute is seeking funding sources to begin construction of White Oak Farm which will offer a two- year training program in commercial agriculture for new-entry farmers. The Department of Correction's Food and Farm Services continue to expand farming and food processing operations at Massachusetts correctional institutions. This will soon have a major impact on the Department's food budget. In addition, state- owned agricultural lands are being revitalized by private farmers, agricultural schools, and over twenty community gardening groups. MEPA Review The Land Use staff also participates in the Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act review process. The staff reviews the Environmental Notification Forms of development projects which will impact farmland and makes recommen- dations accordingly. Community Gardens In both rural and urban areas, the Bureau of Land Use continues to assist gardening groups whose main purpose is to develop and cultivate land to produce food. The Community Gardening Program continues to further this objective and will always welcome new ideas to become more effective. The Bureau has been developing positive interagency cooperation with other agencies in the city and state departments. The results of this group effort have developed into "Earth Moving Day" where 25,000 cubic yards of topsoil will be distributed to many disadvantaged neighborhood gardening groups. The Bureau recognizes the following Departments for their support and assistance in making "Earth Day" a reality: 1. U. Mass. Medical Center of Worcester made available the 25,000 cubic yards of topsoil . 2. Division of Capital Planning and Operations supported the concept of "Earth Moving Day." 3. Suffolk County Extension Service provided technical assistance for soil testing. 45 4. City of Boston provided transportation. 5. Boston Urban Gardeners assisted in the screening of applicants for the top- soil . 6. Suffolk County Conservation District encouraged and supported throughout the entire process. Mass. Seed Program The program provides free seeds for low income gardeners state-wide. At wholesale prices, seeds are also offered to the gardening community-at- large. Two different kits are offered and each kit contains ten packets of vege- table seeds which are carefully selected for their popularity, adaptability and more importantly, for their nutritional value. The number of participants this year has increased due to the demand and need for fresh local produce. The State investment into the Seed program has benefited many rural and urban gardening groups. Fruition Program Massachusetts has taken the lead in promoting and planting fruit and nut trees on public lands. This fourth year of the Fruition program has become the most productive year of harvesting. Many local groups have eagerly invited the staff to visit sites to share their successes. Information from Massachusetts nurseries has given evidence that landscaping with food producing plants has become attractive to many of the state's home owners. Public land that was not maintained is now productively utilized and is a more beautiful landscape. Visitors from other states who come to Massachusetts to assess and evaluate the success of the Fruition Program have left with fine models and ideas for good land use. 46 Table 1. Status of Applications Received -- June 30, 1984 Acquisition Complete Number of Applications 107 Acres 9825 Actual Purchase/ Estimated Purchase Price* A. $15,084,502. B. Under Purchase and Sale Agreement 17 1711 2,740,700. C. Currently Under Appraisal 98 11853 18,964,800.* D. Appraisal Completed, but Landowner refused offer. 1 43 5572 10,029,600. E. Eligible projects awaiting action. 47 4919 7,870,400.* F. Little Likelihood of funding due to low rating. 116 9934 15,894,400.* G. Rejected. 18 635 1,016,000.* TOTAL 446 44449 $64,517,402. 1 Landowners have initially refused offer; however, circumstances may change and the projects can become viable at anytime. * Denotes estimated purchase price calculated by multiplying $1600. (state-wide average cost/acre) times the acreage of each group. 47 o> rH o rH rvl m o (N O o> r~- ^n rn CN 00 J «. •. « h. < >£ n o 00 r- F- (N so v> lO^ v> v> o n ■<» in r^ 'T « ^ f-t ^ r~ in O) 00 w o u> o o in in ^ •• • in o 4J t^ u-i •in c O CN in rH in a> .H 03 .H ■ -^ u O Oi •* • • • • • iH CTl 00 in 00 in ^ n in (N rH ,-i in 00 in IS) in IS • • • • ». 0 r- n «T u> ^ in p- (N n in •■ to- v>- r^ • rH • • • T O (N o 1^ »D ■ r» CM a\ » 00 o\ ,-1 rH n »» TJ" ■H x> CO l~ 00 Oi in CM in i-H r- CM 1- m (0 • • • • O lo m r^ rH I/I o iH ■rH ^ b^ v> w w o 00 OS ^ • • • • O O .H o rH CM in oi o (0 •a- i^ oo a\ () • • • - U) CM in 00 rH -H U5 CM fa V)- w OV o in ■H 0) > u (V 10 10 10 en U -H Qj (O rH Qj u (0 < a Ul 0) < 10 3 u rH 01 Q, 3 Qi in ■y > ^ < 3 (0 (0 4) X tiH CH XJ c 01 e a •H 3 in w 0) o T) •H c > (0 lu (V in i/i m (0 a •H u C 0) 3 W CJ^ o m o CM in CM <*» 00 00 (M VO 00 (1) > ■H 1-1 CP 3 O -u U rJ (!■ TD C rH OJ nj a o u Eh in 00 o 9\ CM ON CO in c^ 00 in in 00 00 CO o> CM CO D) o (J > 10 M in sz rH (0 0) c o 0 E u O 0. U •M O 0) Eh 2 x ro ^ CO o i-H w M rH fa (0 O in • • •H w fa a (N G CO Oi rH X u rH nj § « fa o in in 00 "S" en in rH CM Tl" C~ CM CM • rH CM CM V> — in CM Ch rH O CM n vo 0\ " rH OI VO «>• o in 00 r-< o ro ON ro CO CM <3\ vo r— O •• rH CM PO «> to- ~^ in CM r~ CO <^ VO f^ rH o •-i KO ■V OS CM • rH rH CN trt- to- "^ VO 00 ro O O in in ON o o CO ro en •* r^ o\ so fM in r- in o o es VO to- in in 'J n • a • [ij w o r» n >< c o ^-N CO rH o o 00 o ON >j •H rn r^ • ON • • < 4J CO in oo rH en u 3 (N in to- ON in •a- M .a •H to- ^ to- to^ fa £ U ■U JJ rH C T) Eh 10 o 0) W U u ■rH a -u 0 e •T cu 0- rH u u U) •r4 0) u o <0 (U o CO ON v> to- 48 Table 5. County Location and Number of APR Applications Received as of June 30, 1984. County Municipal Represei Ities ited Number of Applications 4 Acreage 4 312 8 23 3,444 12 41 3,421 3 5 394 13 42 3,393 11 28 3,453 10 31 3,117 15 75 6,442 24 49 3,920 8 17 1,157 15 28 2,996 35 103 12,400 Barnstable Berkshire Bristol Dukes Essex Franklin Hampden Hampshire Middlesex Norfolk Plymouth Worcester TOTALS* 158 446 44,449 *Approximately 100 new applications are received each year, of which about one-half may be approved. 49 DIVISION OF ANIMAL HEALTH Mabel Owen, Director With a professional field staff of four Veterinarians, four Animal Inspectors and six Poultry Inspectors, plus an administrative and record keeping staff of seven, the Division of Animal Health monitors, controls and works to eradicate a number of diseases having major impacts on our domestic food, fiber and companion animals. The work is both industry and consumer protective as it assures the former a sound and marketable product and the latter a safe, cost- effective and readily available food supply. The Division works under certain sections of Chapter 129 of the General Laws, most of which address specific diseases by way of market surveillance, import requirements, vaccinations, sale restrictions and other means of control. The FY84 Budget for Animal Health was in the amount of $600,635.52, broken down in 12 subsidiaries. The sum of $451,192.00 (01 and 02) was directly allocated to personnel costs. BRUCELLOSIS: Massachusetts, for a second year, is rated "Free" in this important bovine and porcine disease. Found in man as Undulant Fever, brucellosis accounts for severe animal losses in other sections of this country. All of New England, as well as the neighboring states of New York and Pennsylvania are totally free of this disease, an important factor to the entire area's dairying industry. Remaining disease- free requires a strong, on-going program of milk and slaughter plant testing, the vaccination of almost 15,000 female calves every year as well as the 45-60 day post-entry retesting of all imported cattle. The main- tenance of "Free" status also requires the continuing cooperation of all owners, breeders, dealers, producers, veterinarians and regulatory personnel. It receives the Division's highest priority. TUBERCULOSIS: Since small pockets of this disease still exist in humans the world over, especially in urban areas, tuberculosis remains, even in these modern times, a disease of importance. Our best protection is the availability of milk from TB-free herds. Massachusetts reached the status of "Accredited Free" in Tuberculosis in FY84. It has been more than six years since a reactor was found here. Continuing surveillance against the disease is most necessary. All dairy cows are tested, at state expense, once e^ery three years. Many are actually tested annually, at owner expense, in order to satisfy certain out-of-state markets. The testing program itself has been placed on a town-wide rather than individual herd basis. This has already accomplished material savings, in both personnel hours and mileage. SWINE DISEASE: We believe Massachusetts to be free of Swine Pseudorabies. Contributing to this was the passage of a law requiring all imported breeding swine to be cer- tified free of this disease. At the end of FY84 swine brucellosis was known to be present on three premises, all of which were under eradication agreement. The Federal Garbage-cooking Law was fully implemented in FY84 and resulted in several non-compliance hearings with guilty findings and fines in at least two cases. The Division of Animl Health and Food and Agriculture Commissioner Frederic Winthrop were instrumental in obtaining several important concessions under this law. 50 EQUINE PROGRAMS: Licensing programs for Riding Schools, Riding Instructors, Horse Auctions and Horse Transporters provide the major source of income for the Division. All three are both consumer and animal protective in intent and have always had a great deal of industry support and interest. The quality of riding instruction available in the state is excellent. Riders from here have won major nation- wide equitation championships as well as medals in both of the most recent Olympic Games. Despite press releases and urging by the Veterinary profession, three horses died of Eastern Encephalitis and two persons contracted the disease, one fatally. Mosquito-borne and almost invariably fatal to the non- vaccinated equine, this disease loss, in horses, would be preventable if a 100% vaccination rate could be obtained. Although both horse and man contract this disease, it is not transmissible from horses to people. PET SHOP LICENSING: Pet Shop Licensing, with attendant inspection by Agents of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the Animal Rescue Leagues of Boston and New Bedford has been credited with an improvement in the health and welfare of the small domestic animals and pets sold therein. With greatly improved knowledge of the disease and systems of vaccination, the presence of parvo-virus in pet shops declined dramatically in FY84. Although no Velogenic Viscerotrophic New Castle Disease-exposed birds were reported in the state, the traceback capability provided by mandatory pet shop record-keeping continued to provide us with a large measure of insurance against this poten- tially devastating poultry disease. Interest in the public health aspects of Pscittacosis (Parrot Fever) continues high and the Division participated in a Chlamidia workshop held in New Hampshire in May of 1984. POULTRY: FY 1984 was marked with the outbreak, in Pennsylvania and nearby states, of Avian Influenza, resulting in losses in excess of 70 million dollars and 17 million birds. With its own three million bird poultry industry to protect, Massachusetts took a number of steps to prevent its entry here. An Emergency Order banning poultry shows and sales and the entry of all poultry products from the quarantined area, plus requiring a Prior Entry Permit for all poultry and the cleaning and disinfecting of all vehicles transporting fowl into or through the state, was filed with the Secretary of State. Informational meetings were held across the state for industry poultrymen and exhibitors. An Emergency Disease Outbreak Contingency Plan was written, outlining procedures and person- nel responsibilities in the event of the disease's appearance here. The Division was aided materially in this effort by the Massachusetts Poultry Association, the Massachusetts Farm Bureau Federation and many state agencies, including Civil Defense, the Offices of Administration and Finance, the State Police and the Department of Environmental Quality Engineering. The disease itself had subsided considerably by the end of FY84 and the outlook was bright for the release from Quarantine of Pennsylvania's large poultry-producing counties. The enormous costs of this disease, as well as its wildlife rate of spread, made it the nation's most costly domestic animal disease outbreak in recent years. On a more optimistic note, a number of Massachusetts poultrymen attended the 50th National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) meeting in Minneapolis in 1984. Since Massachusetts was one of the first states to be cer- tified Pullorum-free and had been a pioneer supporter of the program, the state itself was cited as were many residents who either are still or have been active in the NPIP. 51 RABIES: The Division, through town Animal Inspectors or Animal Control Officers, issues quarantines whenever a person is reported to have been bitten by an ani- mal. This program, together with laws mandating rabies vaccination for all dogs, provides on-going protection against rabies, a disease which is usually fatal when contracted by humans. With rabies in wildlife (raccoons) on the increase in the mid-Atlantic states, vigilance against it has been stepped up throughout the Northeast. Guard Dog Business licensing was inaugurated in FY 83 and had its first complete year in FY84 with 14 businesses licensed. Many were inspected and one was closed after court action against the owner. This program is animal protective in intent and the MSPCA and ARL's are the principal inspecting agencies. A new law, requiring the licensing of Hearing Ear Dog Training Kennels, was passed in FY84. Hearings for rules and regulations to permit inspections and licensing are scheduled for early FY85. MAJOR PROBLEMS: At the close of FY84 the Division of Animal Health cites the following problem areas: 1. Further and continuing disintegration of the large animal diagnostic services at Paige Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Mastitis testing, large animal diagnostics and poultry testing programs there are understaffed and undersupplied. On the managerial level interest in these services is minimal. Via a contract, the Division of Animal Health provided the sum of $14,000 to upgrade testing there. This was truly the proverbialdrop in the bucketful of need. A very large sum, at least $500,000, and awakening interest from the College of Food and Natural Resources is desperately needed. 2. The Division of Animal Health itself is operating at 80% of its per- mitted personnel base. At the end of FY84 it had nine operating vehicles - out of a base need of fifteen. Vacant positions cannot be filled unless cars are provided. State cars currently in use by the field staff are on lease to the Division by the Motor Vehicle Management Bureau. The two problems listed above are crucial to the operation of the Division of Animal Health. Without fully capable and prompt diagnostic services, animal diseases spread rapidly, increasing with each day the monetary value of the losses incurred. Without a full complement of professional and office help, the records for disease control cannot be maintained nor can field surveillance be completed. Testing is well below 100% as is vaccination. Disease prevention is cost effective; disease outbreaks cost millions. IN CONCLUSION: We have met many goals of disease eradication. The Commonwealth rates "Free" in Bovine Brucellosis, "Accredited Free" in Tuberculosis, "Pullorum Free" in poultry. We have this with dedicated field and office personnel, with the help and cooperation of farmers, veterinarians, members of Massachusetts Farm Bureau Federation, the USDA-APHIS people, the humane societies, the University of Massachusetts, the Waltham Field Station and many, many others. We have also had the support of the Commissioner of Food and Agriculture, the Secretary of Environmental Affairs, both houses of the Legislature and the Executive Office. We feel this state's enviable status, in major animal disease areas, mirrors this joint effort. 52 DIVISION OF FAIRS Stephen F. Quinn, Director The "fairs", one of the oldest and finest traditions still in existence in the Bay State, continue to "bask in the sun", with another great season full of exhibits, entertainment, rides and games galore. The total attendance reported by the 120 agricultural fairs and shows was 3,985,284, a slight decrease from last year's record breaker. There were 81,854 exhibits of which 30,191 were pre- pared by individual young people or youth groups. The State Exhibition Building at Eastern States Exposition in West Springfield continued to please fair goers with all kinds of samples of foods produced and processed in the State. The key feature of the show was the beautiful art and craft exhibit developed by the Leverett Craft Center featuring Western Massachusetts artists. 1,005,730 people attended the "Big E" in the fall of 1984. The fairs were inspected with the help of ten part-time employees, all of whom have considerable experience in Massachusetts agriculture. Their duties, among others, were to insure that the state was benefiting from the $340,000 spent on agricultural promotions and that the $87,500 spent for rehabilitation monies were used wisely. The Rehabilitation Committee met in Ashland in February, and approved $87,175 worth of expenditures for animal health, public health, and display purposes. The Division continued its assistance with the Massachusetts Wool Board in promoting the use of wool and lamb products, and also actively participated in the third annual Equine Exposition held in Northampton. A study group, composed of members of the various commodity associations in the state, was formed to revise the fairs' guidelines. They met at the State 4-H Center in Ashland. After many meetings and much debate, the guidelines should be ready for the Commissioner's approval by late fall and be available to the fairs by mid winter. The guidelines had not been updated since the early 1950's; needless to say, the revisions were long overdue. The total appropriated budget for the fiscal year was $647,440. Of this total, $399,100 were appropriated for the fair prize awards, fair inspections, promotional programs, and administration costs; $87,500 were appropriated for the rehabilitation program to assist with the upkeep at fairgrounds. S3 STANDARDBRED PROGRAM Stephen Quinn In the past 3 years we have seen many gains in the Standardbred industry in Massachusetts. Our brood mares bred list has increased from 125 to 400. Stallions fluctuated from 45 to 84 to 64, a normal curve for the industry, showing it to be leveling off around 65 with the quality much improved. We also have increased the number of acres dedicated to Standadrbred production from 3,000 to over 6,000 including the ultra modern facility just completed. Young Meadow Farm in Hadley, at an investment of over 5 million dollars. The new reorganization legislation of the Department of Food and Agriculture, includes a new Division of Equine Programs. It has provisions for one Director, two Supervisors, a field inspector and a clerk. This certainly will be welcomed by the industry as many of their wants cannot be attended to at this time under the current system. This year's program included a spring and fall series at Foxboro with the finalists among 3 year old pacers competing for a $40,000 purse. Seven fairs and farm facilities were utilized to sponsor our mini-series across the state. This provided good visibility for the program and introduced harness racing to many people statewide. The state spent $400,000 promoting Standardbred farms while the industry added $47,166 from sustaining and entry fees. The Standardbred Agricultural Fair and Breeding Fund Committee met several times during the past year to assist the Commissioner in continuing to develop a program that will increase the breeding within the state. mmq 1 54 THOROUGHBRED BREEDING PROGRAM Peter Bundy The Massachusetts Thoroughbred Breeding Program continued to be an effec- tive incentive program, as the numbers of Thoroughbred horses being bred in Massachusetts has more than tripled since passage of Chapter 558 of the Acts of 1981. The breeder, stallion, and owner awards of 25 percent, 15 percent and 5 percent of purses won by eligible Massachusetts bred horses amounted to $256,003.86 for the past fiscal year. These cash awards were paid for racing at Suffolk Downs and four agricultural fairs. At these racing meets, Massachusetts breds went postward 1,002 times, accounting for 90 wins, 115 seconds, and 126 thirds. These numbers are not impressive in the light of past years' figures, but they reflect a trailing off of horse breeding prior to the advent of the new legislation. When the crops of foals bred subsequent to 1981 appear at the racetracks, these figures will be most impressive and continue to grow. Ten stake races for Massachusetts breds were run at Suffolk Downs during the past year. Only one race was run as a non-betting event, while the others were pari-mutuel , and generated much interest. The breeding program funded $157,500 toward these races, and the share from Ogden-Suffolk Downs was $67,500. Nearly 400 mares were bred in Massachusetts last year, and over 60 stallions of good quality were registered with this Department. The Massachusetts Thoroughbred Breeders Association, founded in 1981, has been very effective in promoting Thoroughbred breeding in Massachusetts. This association has promoted farm tours, breeding and management seminars, yearling shows, horse sales and various activities that have been of vast help to the Commonwealth's horse fanners. Massachusetts bred . . . and raised! o 55 DIVISION OF REGULATORY SERVICES A significant part of the mission of the Department of Food and Agriculture is the regulation of the agricultural industry and certain related industries which supply goods and services to agriculture. This regulation has two purposes: protection of agriculture (i.e. quaran- tines and regulation of the quality of seed, feed and fertilizer) and protection of the consumer (i.e. regulation of the quality of certain farm products and pesticides). The reports of the five bureaus which make up this Division follow. BUREAU OF MILK MARKETING John B. Kelley The Bureau of Milk Marketing continues as in the past to audit handlers in state regulated areas on an on-going basis to insure proper producer payment, calculates and announces monthly official, mid-month official, mid-month equivalent and official Class I prices. The Bonding and Security responsibility of the Department of Food & Agriculture under Chapter 94A remains with the Bureau. Using several monitoring procedures, security requirements of preparatory handlers buying milk from inde- pendent producers all are received on a monthly basis. Individual handler audits are conducted when necessary with security now held by the Department in excess of one million, one hundred dollars. A recent addition for the protection of independent producers shipping to proprietory handlers has been the enactment of the Producers Security fund. The purpose of the fund is the reimbursement of Massachusetts producers who sell milk to a dealer and said dealer has defaulted in the timely payment of said milk under the provisions of Chapter 94A. The agency prepares and mails security fund payment vouchers to the dealers. The dealer then deducts .05 per cwt from each producer's final monthly check. The applicant's check is then forwarded to the Massachusetts Department of Food & Agriculture and deposited with the State Treasurer. The total monies are then invested with the Massachusetts Municipal Depository Trust. The licensing of 4,600 milk dealers at both wholesale and retail level con- tinues. Presently there are approximately 4,000 stores, 350 regular dealers and 200 milk testers and 50 bulk tank drivers licensed. The licensed bulk tank dri- vers are checked for compliance and proper techniques used in taking fresh milk. Check testing of milk samples is done to ensure proper payment to producer when amount of payment is in dispute. Finally the Bureau continues to fulfill its assigned functions in requiring compliance with state laws aimed at preventing disruptions in various milk markets throughout the Commonwealth. 56 BUREAU OF DAIRYING DAVID L. SHELDON, CHIEF Throughout the 1984 fiscal year the Bureau of Dairying has diligently pursued its main objective of ensuring the consumers of Massachusetts an ade- quate quantity of fresh fluid milk with an overall quality level second to no other state. We were able to bring our staff up to the authorized total of fifteen per- sons, which is only one less than we had been authorized two years ago. Our office secretarial staff remains at two persons; however, we are becoming more productive in the office as procedures are adjusted for increased efficiency. Our main workload as authorized by Chapter 94 of the General Laws involves the inspection of dairy farms and milk plants shipping into Massachusetts markets. Our effectiveness was greatly enhanced when we were able to fill the vacant positions. We now have one resident inspector in New York State, two resident inspectors in Vermont, one in New Hampshire and one in Maine. The Bureau has had requests for information on the requirements to sell aseptic milk in Massachusetts from dairy companies located in the States of Georgia, California and Utah. Current Chapter 94 Laws, which regulate the sale of fluid milk products in Massachusetts, do not allow the sale of aseptic milk and if the issue were forced, we would have to send inspectors to these distant locations to inspect the farms and plants. The Interstate Milk Shipper's Program generated a great deal of interest and work for our Bureau with requests for eight separate I. M.S. ratings coming into our office. We are continuing to make a concerted effort to comply with the requirements of the Interstate Milk Shipper's Program and keep the inspec- tion status of our Massachusetts producers at a level of compliance, which satisfies all persons concerned. The Chief of the Bureau met with all persons involved with the Mastitis program at Amherst to try and improve the program for our Massachusetts dairy farmers. Several good ideas were exchanged and as a result of the meeting, a survey form has been drafted to use on all participating dairy farms, in an attempt to cover all aspects of potential problems causing Mastitis. This form is now in use and our field people report initially that it seems quite helpful in identifying problem areas. The Mastitis Laboratory reports that they have approximately 350 Massachusetts dairy herds involved in the Mastitis program. The Bureau continued its cooperative program with the USDA and spent a total of 26 days sampling milk powder and nine days conducting inspections at the Agri-Mark, Inc. plant. West Springfield. The combined powder sampling and inspection program for USDA netted a total of $3,028.62 which was returned to the state Department of Food and Agriculture by USDA. The number of producers in Massachusetts continues to decline. On July 1, 1983 we had 772 producers holding Certificates of Registration. This figure has declined to 727 producers holding Certificates of Registration on July 1, 1984. Total milk production had been up slightly each year even with the drop in producers; however, with the dairy diversion program in effect we expect that our production will be level to slightly declined. 57 On January 1, 1983 we issued 7,504 Certificates of Registration in our out- of-state inspection areas and on January 1, 1984 we issued 7,592 out-of-state Certificates of Registration, representing a slight increase in our out-of-state producer numbers. The milkshed in which these producers are located remained about the same with no large new area added. BUREAU OF DAIRYING FISCAL YEAR 7-1-83 - 6-30-84 FARMS Dairy Farms Inspected: 7,295 Approved: 5,786 Not Approved: 1,509 Dairy Farms Reinspected: 1,597 Approved: 1,258 Not Approved: 339 Ten Day Letters sent to producers on reinspection for failure to correct viola- tions on the inspection report: 229. Hearings held: 9 Farms suspended for failure to comply after receiving a ten day letter and/or a hearing being held: 17. Farms reinstated: 11. Other Farm Visits: 903 PLANTS Milk Plants Inspected: 91 Approved: 72 Not Approved: 19 Dealer visits: 246 Plants spot checked: 6 SAMPLES Water Samples collected: 68 MASTITIS Herds sampled: 649 Cows Sampled: 35,547 Samples Collected: 140,615 TRANSPORTATION Tank Trucks inspected: 12 DEALER REGISTRATION A total of 150 Milk Dealers registered with the Bureau during the fiscal year as required by Chapter 94, Section 16F of the General Laws. The Bureau of Dairying personnel traveled a total of 306,750 miles during the fiscal year. In conclusion, I would like to take this opportunity to thank Frederic Winthrop, Jr., Commissioner, all personnel in our Bureau and all other support staff in the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture for their fine cooperation througout the 84 fiscal year. 58 BUREAU OF FARM PRODUCTS James M. Cassidy, Chief The Bureau supervises a diversified farm product quality control regulatory program including the Federal-State Fruit & Vegetable Shipping Point Inspection Service and enforcement of the "truth in labeling" laws for feed, seed, fertilizer and limestone programs. In addition, the Bureau regulates certain produce branding labeling and storage laws, and collects approximately $100,000 per year in registrations and inspection fees which are turned into the Commonwealth's Treasury. The Shipping Point Inspection Program is regulated by a memorandum of understanding contract with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. All other regu- lating functions are under the provisions of Chapter 128, General Laws of Massachusetts as amended. Federal-State Shipping Point Inspection Program: For 75 continuous years all State Departments of Agriculture in the nation have cooperated with the U.S. Department of Agriculture in providing this ser- vice for each state's own fruit and vegetable products. This program allows the fully trained and licensed Massachusetts inspector to issue USDA certificates on shipments of fruit and vegetables, attesting to the grade, quality and condition which are needed by buyers and receivers at terminal markets. For many years the Inspection Service in Massachusetts, through strict adherence to grades and other essential data, has done much to upgrade the quality, condition and grade of the final product. Massachusetts leads the world in the production of cranberries and many shipments of this product carry a Massachusetts Federal -State certificate. By law, all apples must be inspected for export and our inspection service has been instrumental in helping Bay State farmers maintain this lucrative market. The inspection service has aided in developing new methods of transpor- tation, especially in this export field. In 1983, demand for our inspection service again has been on the shipment of export apples, mainly to the United Kingdom and Canada. Apples are also inspected for shipment to California where the demand has been increasing each year, and for military purchases. The export apple inspection is of major importance, due primarily to the demand and acceptance of "controlled atmosphere" stored apples, our valuable Mcintosh variety and our quality packs. Mcintosh apples cannot be grown suc- cessfully in European countries. The controlled atmosphere method of storing apples greatly lengthens the marketing season and allows shipment of apples in good condition well into June, thus providing a more orderly marketing season for the entire apple industry. Inspection certificates are also issued for potatoes and onions in the Connecticut Valley area and cranberries on Cape Cod. Feed Program: 1,992 labels of animal feed, ingredients, pet foods and medicated feed ingredients were reviewed and registered during the past year. Samples of pro- ducts offered for sale were drawn and tested at the West Experiment Station, University of Massachusetts for conformance with label. 59 Fertilizer Program: 842 labels of fertilizer and limestone were reviewed and registered. Tonnage taxes were assesesed and collected semi-annually. Assessment penalties in shortage of guarantee level were levied and $7,101.30 in appropriate fines collected and either turned back to the farmer or submitted to the Commonwealth's Treasury. Seed Program: 566 brands of seed, including agricultural lawn mixtures, vegetables, flower tree and shrub seeds were collected and tested for truth in labeling. 48 stop sale orders were issued on violations, covering 1,716 packages. Seed was removed on account of poor germination, noxious weeds, or because it was unfit for seeding. A major change in the state's lawn seed labeling regulation was implemented on January 1. Massachusetts becomes the first state in the country to move for a uniform seed label that will be accepted in all shipping areas. Lime Program: 32 limestone brands and grades were registered and checked for conformance to label during the year. Branding Law: Inspections were made at wholesale, retail , roadside, and farm level to enforce the apple, potato and native laws. Misbranded products are relabeled or removed from sale. Over 3,000 retail stores were inspected, several hundred wholesale and packing house operations were inspected. Storage Laws: Records are kept on cold storage and controlled atmosphere apple rooms in order to attest to their compliance with such laws and so to allow such stored products to move into certain prohibited market areas of the country. The Bureau, through strict adherence to laws, grades, label reviews and other essential data, has done much to upgrade the quality, condition and grade of the final farm product being offered for sale in Massachusetts. The programs are continuous and reflect the general agriculture crop con- ditions and the current market situations. The uniform laws and grades allow for the free movement of theses products in interstate and export commerce with a minimum of difficulty. The honest label approach insures the consumer of an accurate farm product of good quality. Programs are becoming more accurate and more smoothly administered due to better management and informed and trained personnel. The use of a word pro- cessor for the registration of feed and fertilizer brands and the recording of the collection of fees and tonnages has improved the programs in general. Working with other states, USDA, FDA and the various regulated industries has insured a quality farm product that is more easily marketed by the producer and the shipper. 60 BUREAU OF FARM PRODUCTS STATISTICS SEED INSPECTION PROGRAM/OFFICIALLY TESTED 1981 1982 1983 1984 AaricuHure ~5? 61 48 61 Mixtures (lawn) 100 57 47 33 Vegetables 445 507 409 361 Flowers 173 • 215 125 101 Sprouts - - 8 10 772 840 637 666 40 stop sales orders covering 82 lots on 738 packages of seed removed from sale- poor germination, noxious weeds, unfit for seeding, out of date test. 5 cases turned over to the Federal Seed Act for USDA action. Apples Cranberries Onions Potatoes FRUIT & VEGETABLE INSPECTION REVENUE - FISCAL YEAR 1981 $11,084.50 219.10 826.68 $12,130.28 1982 $6,oi2::oF 220.00 32.00 157.50 $6,421.56 1983 $8,822.93 360.00 700.70 613.81 $10,497.44 1984 $8,678.15 280.00 314.02 920.24 $10,152.41 FEED FERTILIZER AND LIME REGISTRATION - CALENDAR YEAR Feed/a Fertilizer/b Fertilizer/c Lime 1980 1,922 732 12 31 1981 i";iFT 729 12 31 1982 17559 691 13 30 1983 l';9^ 810 20 32 FEED, FERTILIZER AND LIME REVENUE - CALENDAR YEAR Feed/a Fertilizer/b Fertilizer/c Lime/d Fertilizer/e Fertilizer/f 1980 $48,050.00 18,300.00 1,500.00 775.00 15,722.29 3,929.57 /a Brands /b Specialty brands /c Commercial plants 1981 $46,425.00 18,225.00 1,500.00 775.00 12,952.31 2,760.54 /d Brands /e Tonnage /f Penalties 1982 $48,475.00 18,525.00 1,625.00 750.00 10,571.53 3,858.78 1983 $49,800,00 20,250.00 2,500.00 800.00 11,888.14 7,101.30 TOTAL - $92,339.44 Registrations and revenue are collected on a calendar year for feed & fertilizer, Revenue generated by inspection and registration fees totaled $102,531.85. 61 BUREAU OF PLANT PEST CONTROL P.C. Kuzmiski , Chief The 1983 growing season was marked by a cool wet spring followed by the hot and dry months of July and August. This caused a flush of new spring growth only to be subjected to the high heat and semi-drought conditions of the summer. Many nurseries experienced the problem of keeping their stock watered. As a result, many plants such as dogwood, flowering crabs and azaleas showed symp- toms of wilted foliage and presented a dry appearance. Some of the insect species detected by our nursery inspectors vary from year to year and from location to location within the state. The prevalence of the Gypsy Moth and Japanese Beetle are prime examples of this situation. Most major insect pests of nurseries could well be listed in a few general headings or categories. These categories would be, defoliators, scale insects, borers, leaf hoppers and miners, aphids and mites. Control in most cases would be similar for the insects grouped into a single category. To have effective control of insects in a nursery there must be a systematic or organized program of insect pest management. The timing and application of the existing insecticides is as important as is the monitoring of the insect pest problems. There may not be many new insecticides appearing for use in the near future. Insects commonly found in the nurseries were leaf chewers, leaf -tiers, aphids, scales, borers, and gall makers. Birch leaf miners continued to be heavy on Gray Birch stock. Japanese Beetles were found throughout but only sporadically in high concentrations. The Gypsy Moth was found principally 1n the Southeastern part of the state including Cape Cod. This pest did not pre- sent a major problem to the nurseries this year. Leaf scab and leaf spot fungi infections and mildew were noted in the nur- series during the summer months. Some nurseries continued the practice of containerized growing of their stock and utilizing the drip method of irrigation. This is an increasingly popular method of growing nursery stock and is being accepted by more growers each year. The following is a summary of the fiscal 1984 Bureau activities: NURSERIES AND GREENHOUSE INSPECTION No. Nurseries inspected - 340 No. Greenhouses inspected - 48 ' No. Nursery Agents licensed - 295 62 GYPSY AND BROWN TAIL MOTH G.M. Acres defoliated 1982 - 1,383,265. G.M. Acres defoliated 1983 - 217,548. Brown- tail Moth still found in small infestations of Cape Cod. PLANT PEST SURVEYS Surveys were completed for presence of the Gypsy Moth in lands around nur- series, and for the European Chafer, Golden Nematode of potato, and Red Steele Disease of strawberry. No new finds of these pests were recorded this year. CURRANT AND GOOSEBERRY CONTROL AREA PERMITS 21 control -area permits allowing the planting of these plants in non- prohibited ares were issued. This permit shows the name and address of the shipper, number of plants shipped and the name and address of the consignee. PLANT EXPORT CERTIFICATION State plant phytosanitary certificates issued - 86. State tree and shrub seed certificates - 662. Federal export certificates issued - 86. COLLABORATION WITH USDA - APHIS Cooperative survey activities continued with USDA in Gypsy Moth, Black Stem Rust, and Pest Detection programs. The Bureau is also active in the Cooperative National Plant Pest Survey and Detection Program. POST ENTRY QUARANTINE This year there were 35 sites recorded as growing postentry nursery stock. This is plant material from foreign countries growing here under quarantine. The stock must remain in detention for two growing seasons before it is eligible for release. Inspections and releases from quarantine were made with the cooperation of federal plant inspectors. APIARY INSPECTION The apiary inspection report will be included in this annual report. 63 Chief Apiary Inspector This was a very productive year for beekeeping in Massachusetts despite adverse weather conditions; while there was no bumper crop, there was an impressive average of production. Moderate temperatures and precipitation during April and May influenced the uninterrupted flying time field bees had to collect nectar and pollen from pussy willow, red maple, dandelions, and fruit bloom. These conditions stimulated rapid hive population expansion ultimately contributing to excessive swarming in late May and June in most Massachusetts counties. Conversely, June was extreme- ly cloudy and rainy. The entire early summer flow was drastically diminished; honeybees were unable to forage for nectar and pollen due to inclement weather. No significant rain fell during July and August of 1983. Fortunately the excessive rain that fell in June and extremely warm summer hastened the develop- ment of a very prosperous and abundant goldenrod population. Up until August 20, 1983 many colonies were bone light; then a warm Fall enabled most hives to store a substantial crop. Severe frosts did not occur until mid-October. As in recent years, the 1983 honey crop did not sell as anticipated. Honey imported from China, Argentina, and Mexico has dominated honey sales on the who- lesale level. Commercial beekeepers are unable to compete cost-wise with beekeepers from developing and third world countries. Honey can be delivered and sold in bulk quantities at U.S. ports for far less than it can be produced in the United States. Commodity Credit Corporation, an instrument of the USDA's Agricultural Stabilization & Conservation Service, has instituted a loan program for honey that commercial beekeepers have been unable to sell on the wholesale market. In most cases the beekeepers default on their loans and the USDA keeps their honey. This program has spurred commercial beekeepers in highly productive parts of the country to produce honey specifically to place under loan agreement. CCC honey is either sold to commercial honey packers at about the same price as foreign honey (which is quite a bit less than the initial loan) or given to people who receive public assistance under USDA food programs. One school of thought suggests a subsidized price support with the USDA supplying the difference between what packers will actually pay for USDA honey and a fixed parity price according to grade. This move would hopefully enable U.S. honey to recapture a greater percentage of the present market. Another school of thought in Washington has proposed to do away with CCC loans all together, forcing commercial beekeepers to fend for themselves. This recommendation could result in a reduction of commercial beekeepers. Crops requiring pollination such as alfalfa seed production, apples, citrus, blueberries, cranberries, etc. would suffer from the scarcity of honeybee colo- nies. Pollination rental fees would increase due to a short supply and great demand. 64 The winter of 1983-1984 proved to quite average. A few cold snaps did not harm the majority of overwintering colonies in Massachusetts. The timely goldenrod nectar flow during the fall of 1983 did much to facilitate an above average number of colonies still flying in early April (1984). Without it, a substantial number of our honeybees would have been lost. March through late May proved to be seasonally normal as in 1983. Most apple growers managed to set commercial crops of fruit. Honeybees played a significant role in polli- nating this crop along with Massachusetts beekeepers who moved their colonies into the orchards. Rain in late May deluged most of the state; major flooding particularly in the Connecticut River Valley took place. Honeybees were unable to forage for about two weeks because of all the precipitation. As in 1983, the early summer honey flow was a complete wash-out. I was not the chief apiary inspector for the last half of 1983; therefore, I am unable to comment on the activities of the program for that period. All counties except Middlesex, Norfolk, Barnstable, Suffolk, Dukes, and Nantucket were inspected to some degree; most 100%. The apiary statistics for 1983 indi- cated favorable conditions found through inspection in a majority of the Commonwealth's honeybee colonies. American Foul Brood was found in about 3.7% of the colonies inspected. A statistical report for FY84 apiary inspection accompanies this report. For the first time the apiary files were consolidated and typed, enabling easier access and workability. Interviewing and evaluating the potential of apiary inspectors to be hired for 1984 inspection season took place in April and May. Five inspectors were hired in late May. These inspectors were either high school teachers or college students; all were on summer vacation and looking for part time employment. One female and four males were hired. Their interests included biological science and a keen interest in apiculture. Berkshire, Franklin, Hampshire, Hampden, Worcester, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Bristol Counties were assigned. I was unable to find knowledgeable and api- culturally experienced applicants for Essex, Plymouth, Barnstable, and Dukes Counties. If weather conditions are not too inclement, apiary inspection should be continued in assigned counties as in previous years. 65 ANNUAL STATISTICAL REPORT Massachusetts Department of Food & Agriculture P.C. Kuzmiski, Chief Bureau of Plant Pest Control APIARY INSPECTION Season 1984 COUNTY No. of Beekeeper; No. of Colonies Exaninec No. Of Colonies Owned No. of Colonies w/AFB No. of Colonies w/EFB No. of Colonies Ordered Treated No. of Colonies Ordered Destroyed BARNSTABLE 0 0 BERKSHIRE 152 395 505 14 6 16 4 BRISTOL 275 2409 3042 28 32 58 2 DUKES 35 145 145 0 0 0 0 ESSEX 298 1025 1953 0 0 0 0 FRANKLIN 154 498 523 26 8 25 9 HAMPDEN 190 615 975 12 7 9 10 HAMPSHIRE 172 580 610 7 9 14 2 MIDDLESEX 438 3155 3666 53 42 65 30 NORFOLK 337 266 1081 13 0 1 12 PLYMOUTH 377 421 2133 19 22 22 19 SUFFOLK 36 0 104 0 0 0 0 WORCESTER 706 2022 2024 28 7 22 13 TOTALS 3170 11,531 16,761 200 133 232 101 stimated No. Colonies % A.F.B. 1Q83 3.70 E.F.B. 2.70 1983 in Massachusetts % A.F.B. 1984 1.73 E.F.B. 1.15 1984 20,000 66 PESTICIDE BUREAU Jeffrey L. Carlson, Chief The Pesticide Bureau is charged with carrying out the intent of the Massachusetts Pesticide Control Act (Chapter 132B of the General Laws) which was signed into law January, 1978. Among its responsibilities, the Bureau licenses and certifies pesticide applicators, carries out the administrative functions of pesticide product registration, enforces the laws and regulations and provides technical information and assistance to state and municipal agencies as well as the general public. Outlined below are some of the more important activities of the Bureau in 1984. REGISTRATION SECTION The registration section was involved in numerous important registration decisions in FY84. These included the registration of eleven 24-c Special Local Needs Registrations, fifteen experimental use permits (EUP's), classification of seventeen products as Restricted Use Pesticides and the cancellation of the registration of nine other products. In other program activities, the Bureau joined the National Pesticide Inforamtion Retrieval System (NPIRS), a computer based data bank system that contains information describing pesticides products registered by the Environmental Protection Agency as well as participating states. The following details the registration actions taken by the Pesticide Board Subcommittee. REGISTRATION ACTION Section 24-c (Special Local Needs Registration) 11* granted by the Pesticide Board Subcommittee. (*Five of the 24-c registrations indicated are modifications of federally accepted registration. Additional requirements beyond those which were accepted by the federal government were required as a condition of registration in Massachusetts) Section 24-c's Denied 3 Experimental Use Permits (EUP's) Granted by 15 Subcommi ttee Additions to State Restricted Use List 18 Products Denied Re-Registration 8 67 ENFORCEMENT SECTION The enforcement program activities were highlighted by the settlement of two civil complaints resulting in fines of over $12,000 and expansion of our inspection staff to three Senior Inspectors of Hazardous Substances and Pesticides and one Supervisory Inspector.* The following summarizes the enforce- ment activities during FY84. INSPECTIONS & INVESTIGATIONS Establishment Inspections Restricted Dealers 12 Market place 13 Producer 10 Imports/Exports 1 Use/Misuse Investigations Agricultural 5 Non-Agricultural 25 Summary of Violations Cited by Administrative Order Misuse of a pesticide 8 Non-licensed applicator 13 Failure to keep adequate records 9 Use of non-registered pesticides 3 Distribution of non-registered 2 pesticides Potential for causing unreasonable 2 adverse effects Other Actions License suspension 12 License denied 1 As part of the Bureau's Groundwater monitoring program, 73 Administrative Orders were issued prohibiting the use of Temik (aldicarb) within 1,000 feet of public or private wells. Temik is an insecticide used on potatoes to control Colorado potato beetles. The Supervisory Inspector Position and one Senior Inspector Position were not filled in FY84. 68 CERTIFICATION AND TRAINING SECTION 1984 was the last year for applicators, certified in 1980 or before, to satisfy credit requirements for re-certification. This resulted in an increase in examinations taken and in the number of applicators attending training programs. Regulations promulgated in July 1983 required that all applicators certified in Termite and Structural Pest Control attend a comprehensive training program on the application of termiticides. The Bureau entered into a cooperative agreement with the Cooperative Extension Service to provide the required training which was provided to nearly over 400 applicators. The following summarizes the examinations and training activities for FY84. ACTIVITY Examinations Taken 2,232 Training Sessions Approved 141 Applicator Licenses Issued 2,299 Dealer Licenses Issued 123 Commercial Certifications Issued 2,287 Private Certifications Issued 1,759 NEW PROGRAM INITIATIVES The Bureau has secured funding to support research and implementation of Integrated Pest Management Programs (IPM) in Massachusetts. The funds which total $85,000 will be used to support the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, IPM Program and will be earmarked for programs in potatoes, sweet corn, her- bicide use on railroad layouts and calibration of equipment. The Bureau is committed to IPM as a long term solution to problems asso- ciated with agriculture in an urban environment. In particular, reduction of the overall pesticide load on the environment and use of those products repre- senting the least environmental risk will lead towards minimizing groundwater contamination and exposure from pesticide drift. In cooperation with Pesticide Programs in Vermont and New Hampshire, the Bureau released a Public Service Announcement on Homeowner Pesticide Use to regional television stations. The major theme of the 30-second spot is to edu- cate the public to READ THE LABEL on pesticide containers. In addition, the Bureau produced and distributed a pamphlet on Pesticide Safety for Homeowners. 69 GROUNDWATER MONITORING The Bureau coordinated a comprehensive groundwater nronitoring program for the pesticide Temik and also cooperated with the Department of Environmental Qualaity Engineering in carrying out a program designed to identify Ethylene Dibromide contamination in Western Massachusetts wells. In response to the data generated in the Temik monitoring program, the Bureau severely restricted the use of Temik near public or private wells; spe- cifically the Bureau ordered farmers not to apply Temik within 1,000 feet of public or private wells. The Bureau has secured additional funding in the amount of $60,000 to sup- port additional groundwater monitoring work and the granting of positions for two new technical staff for the registration program. Prevention of groundwater con- tamination through comprehensive evaluations is made in the registration process; implementation of IPM strategies and environmental monitoring is one of the highest priorities for the Bureau. BUREAU PERSONNEL, REVENUE AND APPROPRIATIONS The Pesticide Bureau Budget for FY84 totaled $340,000 with $140,000 from Federal Grant Funds which included $85,000 in funds to support the pesticide analytical laboratory at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester. Revenues collected from licenses, exams and product registration amounted to approximately $140,000. Personnel assigned to the Bureau included a Bureau Chief, 2 Inspectors, 1 Registration Specialist, 1 Entomologist, 1 Certification & Training Coordinator, and 3 clerks. Massachusetts! grown...and fresher! 70 STATE RECLAMATION AND MOSQUITO CONTROL BOARD Lewis F. Wells, Jr., Chairman James L. Dallas, Member Gilbert A. Bliss, Member Elizabeth M. Costello, Secretary Mark S. Buffone, Entomologist MOSQUITO NOTES Although precipitation was above normal early in 1984, the mosquito season was slow to start. Cold spring temperatures and the absence of the warm rays of the sun kept water temperatures low. *" " ■" "■ ■■ '' ■" '' '' ■^ conditions reversed long enough to stimulate hatching of late mosquito species. Consequently, mosquito larvae were found throughout the state in woodland pools, isolated pools of water scattered throughout flood plains, flooded stump holes, and flooded fresh and saltwater marsh edges. Invariably, many of these larvae succeeded in maturing to hungry winged female adults to once again interfere with our many outdoor activities. In the main, populations of nuisance mosquitoes were variable throughout the Commonwealth and ranged from low to moderate depending on the locality. Overall, calls for mosquito control services were down during 1984 compared to 1983 but the potential of Eastern Encephalitis still remained a viable threat in 1984. EASTERN ENCEPHALITIS As reported in 1983, it appeared that 1984 would be a year of higher than average risk from Eastern Encephalitis (EE), an illness caused by a virus main- tained by wild birds and transmitted by mosquitoes. Consequently, the State Department of Public Health issued a bulletin to Massachusetts Health Officers in February. In part, this bulletin stated "Health Officers in municipalities lying within the traditional areas of risk should advise municipal selectmen and administrators that local budget reserves for mosquito control would be justified by health protection considerations going beyond 'nuisance control' issues." It was agreed that the period of increased risk would start in late July, or early August. Therefore, communication and public information between the State Department of Public Health, State Reclamation and Mosquito Control Board and the public was increased to stay alert during this period. As the mosquito season progressed, the expected appearance of the virus never really became apparent until late summer. The mosquitoes that amplify the virus among wild birds living in freshwater swamp area were low in numbers in the spring. The expected amplification cycle never developed in the swamp areas. The unusually high amounts of precipitation in June that caused major flooding in the Commonwealth led to a build-up in certain mosquito species com- pared to 1983 but not enough to create the anticipated earlier appearance of the disease this year. 71 As the season continued, the State Department of Public Health closely monitored the mosquito population for signs of virus and the organized mosquito control projects supervised by the State Reclamation and Mosquito Control Board provided important information on the numbers and types of mosquitoes via sur- veys in eastern Massachusetts. Although the anticipated appearance of EE had been delayed, there were some indirect biological indications suggesting that mosquito control efforts not be slackened. The mosquito that amplifies the virus among wild birds was building up to large numbers and the appearance of large amounts of Highland J virus (a non-infectious virus considered to precede the isolation of EE virus) was evi- dent in the traditional endemic areas of Bristol and Plymouth Counties. Therefore, monies earmarked to supplement mosquito control programs in 1984 were allocated to the Bristol and Plymouth County Mosquito Control Projects. These funds were the result of an initiative led by legislators in Bristol and Plymouth Counties for the purposes of intensification of mosquito control to protect the public. The application of funds was coordinated through the State Reclamation and Mosqutio Control Board. This year two human cases of EE have been confirmed. A six year old girl from Framingham, Massachusetts contracted the disease in August but Massachusetts health officials believe the infective mosquito bite was aquired while the little girl was on vacation at the New Jersey shore. During this time period, EE virus activity was evident in New Jersey. A sixty year old woman from Foxboro, Massachusetts contracted the disease late in the mosquito season this year. This case is more typical of the first year of a multicycle appearance of Eastern virus. Since 1984 did not fit the usual historically characteristic pattern for a third year of Eastern virus, it could be speculated that 1985 may be a year of risk relative to Eastern Encephalitis. NEW MOSQUITO CONTROL MEMBERSHIP During 1984, many municipalities expressed interest to join existing regional mosquito control projects. Mosquito control is a task that is best handled by well organized programs that focus their efforts to reduce mosquito pest problems over relatively large areas. In addition, public interest and support are essential to the success of the mosquito control campaign. This year the municipalities of Marshfield, Watertown, and Weymouth became new members of the Plymouth County, East Middlesex County and Norfolk County Mosquito Control Projects. Also, towns such as North Reading, Reading, Wakefield, Winchester, and Woburn have considered joining the East Middlesex County Control Project in 1984. Membership of any municipality is contingent upon adequate, financial support, documentation of municipal majority vote for such membership, and approval of the State Reclamation and Mosquito Control Board. GENERIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT The State Reclamation and Mosquito Control Board led an initiative to aquire funding from the legislature to prepare a generic environmental impact report relative to mosquitoes and the Commonwealth. As a result, funds in the amount of $120,000 dollars were made available to prepare the above mentioned document. Immediately, an Environmental Notification Form (EMF) was submitted to provide the Secretary of Environmental Affairs and the general public notice of the potential impacts of mosquito control activities in the state. 72 A notice of intent was printed in five major newspapers as required by law. In addition, four separate meetings took place statewide to allow the public to comment on the Environmental Notification Form. For this project, a Citizens Advisory Committee (CAC) has been established pursuant to the Massachusetts Environment Protection Agency (MEPA) regulations to assist both the State Reclamation and Mosquito Control Board and MEPA in finalizing a scope and in reviewing data prior to publication of a final impact report. Although the CAC Committee has met several times this year and has pro- posed a scope, a final scope has not been issued by the Secretary of Environmental Affairs. It is anticipated that a final scope will be issued before the end of 1984. Once a final scope is issued, the procedure for selecting a contractor will begin and it is expected that a impact report will be prepared by the end of 1985. 00 WHAT WE CAN, SUMMER WILL HAVE ITS FLIES, IF WE WALK IN THE WOODS, WE MUST FEED MOSQUITOES. Ralph Waldo Emerson Essays The Annual Report of the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture was edited by Janet Christensen and Diane Baedeker of the Department. 73 CAPTIONS Cover Photo — 4 and 5 grade students at the Horace Mann Laboratory School at Salem State College, Salem, Massachusetts, leacn about the commodities produced in the state's different counties during the Massachusetts Agriculture in the Classroom project field testing. FRONT INSIDE COVER Left Column (top to bottom) 1. Exhibit at celebration of 100th APR farm--the Bolton-Crest Farm in South Deerfleld. May 7, 1984. 2. Packing zucchini squash at Tom Zigmont's TEE-ZEE Farm in Hatfield during a produce buyers' farm tour. 3. Craig Richov, Senior Land Use Planner for the Department of Food and Agriculture APR Program at a State House exhibit sponsored by Berkshire County. 4. Essex County 4-H members shearing sheep at the Topsfield Fair. Right Column (top to bottom) 1. Commissioner Frederic Winthrop, Jr. and Governor Michael S. Dukakis at the ceremonies commemorating the 100th APR farm, the Bolton-Crest Farm In South Deerfield. 2. Kurt Wolter harvesting carrots at John Bauer Farm, South Deerfleld. 3. (left to right) Maureen McCarthy of the Department of Food and Agriculture, Anneli Johnson, Mass. Federation of Farmers' Markets, and Bill Chestna of Three Rivers Farm at the Mission Hill Farmers' Market in Roxbury. 4. Students at the Horace Mann Laboratory School at Salem State College spinning Massachusetts produced wool, a project during "Massachusetts Agriculture in the Classroom" field testing. BACK INSIDE COVER Left Column (top to bottom) 1. Mark Hopf (center) of M&T Farm in Hatfield, with a new variety of trellis tomatoes, the "Jet Star", William Starzec, Assistant Commissioner of Agriculture (right) and William Boyle, farm owner. The M&T Farm was one of several vegetable farms in the western part of the state visited by produce buyers on a tour organized by the Department. 2. John Bauer of South Deerfield explaining his farm operation during the pro- duce buyers' tour. 3. (left to right) Cindy Leslczka and Pam Srybny of Wally's Vegetable Farm, Haverhill, at Copley Square Farmers' Market, Boston. Right Column (top to bottom) 1. (left to right) Maple producers Daniel and Jessie Krug of Westhampton and Karin Cook of Worthington at the June Dairy Festival on the Boston Common. 2. Beekeeper Lynne Lees explaining the honeymaking process to visitors at the June Dairy Festival . 3. Governor Michael Dukakis proclaiming August "Vegetable Month" in Massachusetts, (left to right) R. Alden Miller, Regional Vegetable Sepciallst from Worcester County Extension Service, Leslie Wilson cf Wilson Farms, Lexington, Guy Paris and Diane Baedeker, Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture, and Alan Wilson, also Wilson Farms in Lexington. 74 y^7 r Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture 100 Cambridge Street Boston, MA 02202 Massachusetts f / grown. ..and fresher! n i i/"» ^M r- •<( -«^ AV\55/^CHUSETT5 ^'^ ASRICHLTURE In, in the CLASSRCX)M ^ <=5 i ^si. ■ * '^ .f*^ .#'.*« '"^•5i '