Massachusetts Agriculture Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture ^^-2 5 1990 Michael S. Dukakis John P. DeVlllars I uriAss/AMH^ERST"-' '^macher, Jr 312Qbt.Dlfcit.OD'=5t.5 Governor Secretary of Environmental Affairs Commissioner of Food and Agriculture A Letter from the Commissioner Dear Colleagues, This year was one of the most critical years in history for Massachusetts agricuhure. Farmers and their many friends came together in a wondrous way to defeat an effort by animal rights advocates to alter farming practices in the Bay State. With little funding, lots of gumption, incredible hard work and plenty of political savvy, the farming community achieved a major political upset. They are to be congratulated for this effort, which received much national attention. This was all the more remarkable given the amount of national political interest in Massachusetts with a native son, Michael S. Dukakis, the Democratic nominee for President, a fact that led to a very large voter turnout. In the end, 1.5 million voters cast ballots in favor of the Massachusetts family farm, with only some 600,000 voting for the animal rights referendum. It was a great victory, achieved with little money. The organizers are to be commended. On other fronts, the Department worked hard to continue to achieve major objectives, resulting in the publication in October 1988, of a Task Force report entitled The Massachusetts Farm and Food System, A Five Year Policy Framework, 1988-1993. State farm policy continued its progress with a strong market orientation, farmland protection, attention to programs in Integrated Pest management and a major initiative to stabilize the hard-pressed dairy industry. We especially want to thank the farmers on the animal rights issue, the Agricultural Board who continued to offer so much support and to the new Secretary of Envirormiental Affairs, John P. DeVillars, whose support on policy initiatives will permit the Department of Food and Agriculture to continue its worthwhile programs. Sincerely, (\ AuguC Schv^)l)^CT Jr., Commissioner JP- PUBLICATION |16,381-200-lU-7-90-C.R. APPROVED BY: RIG MURPHY, PURCHASING AGENT Massachusetts Agricultural Boards Board of Food and Agriculture 1988 Chairman: Joseph Arena, East Boston Members: Ralph A. Baldasaro, Chester Henry Easterbrooks, Dudley Mary Nourse, South Deerfield Christopher Scangas, Marblehead Arthur Wyman, Bridgewater Alan Wilson, Lexington Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee Chairman: Members: August Schumacher, Jr. Joseph Arena Deborah Howard Kathleen Bartolini Stanley Smiarowski Robert Lemire Dr. Norton Nickerson Warren Shaw N. Eugene Engel Don Buckloh Pesticide Board Chairman: August Schumacher, Jr. Members: John Looney Richard Weintraub Judith Marquis John Decas Bruce Egan Susan Nickerson Dr. Lewis Pepper Nancy Ridley Richard Keller Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife Gerald Parker Dept. of Public Health Gordon Graham Dept. of Environmental Management Kenneth Hagg Dept. ofEnvir Quality Engineering State Reclamation and Mosquito Control Board Chairman: Lewis E Wells Members: Donna Bishop, Dept. ofEnv. Quality Engineering Thomas Lynch, Dept. of Environmental Management Massachusetts Standardbred Breeding Fund Committee Chairman: Members: Francis W. McGee Jeffrey Brudnick John Kunkel Francis Guitarini Promotional Advisory Committee Chairman: Alan Wilson Members: Harold Alston Grace A. Andruk Ralph Baldasaro Richard Boudreau Billy Carlson Frank Carlson Robert Carroll Rick Chandler William Clark George Cross Scott Danner Russell Davenport John Decas Ann Diemand Virginia Easterbrook Robert Fitzgerald Greg Gaklis Jean Gibbs Dan Giurleo Dean Johnson Ted Johnson Lynne Lees Alan Levitan Frederic Magee, Jr. Mike Maguire Christine Masclee Tony Mauro R. Alden Miller Richard Naczi Charles Nickerson Guy Paris Jack Partridge Ehzabeth Patt John Reed John Ricca Lee Salonen Joan Townley Russell Van Hazinga Donna Van Hoof Tom Zigmont These board and committee members generously volunteer their time to these important groups that work to insure the integrity and success of Massachusetts agriculture. Their hard work is deeply appreciated by theCommissioner and staff of the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture. Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture August Schumacher Jr., Commissioner Charles A. Co&la, Assistant Commissioner Mary Beth Gwl(oy\c, Assistant to the Commissioner Catherine M. Clement, Senior Counsel Division of Administration Richard P. Connaughton, Director James T. Walsh, Manager of Administrative Services Joyce Reardon, Head Administrative Assistant Kevin Ascolillo, Systems Analyst Barbara A. Scoff, Hearings Officer Michael P. Foley, Senior Accountant Division of Agricultural Development Walter Larmie, Director Patricia Libby, Deputy Director Warren Shepdjd, Assistant to the Director Bureau of Markets Janet Christensen, y4cf/>i^ Chief Bureau of Markets Anneli Johnson, Famiers' Market Coordinator Bonita Oehlke, Fresh Connection Pro-am Coordinator Mary Moffitt, Market Specialist Michele Padula, Market Specialist Douglas Roberts, Market Specialist Bureau of Land Use James Alicata, Chief Bureau of Land Use Cheryl Nichols, APR Program Director Craig M. Richov, Senior Land Use Planner Anne Marie Chickering, Land Use Administrator Reclamation and Mosquito Control Board Lewis F. Wells Jr., Chairman Margaret E. Havey, Executive Secretary Division of Regulatory Services Lewis F Wells Jr., Director Francis A. DiLuna Jr., Counsel Bureau of Dairying David L. Sheldon, Chief Bureau of Dairying Bureau of Farm Products James M. Cassidy, Chief Bureau of Fann Products George M. Porter, Chief Market Investigator Bureau of Milk Marketing John B. Kelley, Chief Bureau of Milk Marketing Robert J. Cassidy, Senior Accountant Pesticide Bureau Jeffrey Carlson, Chief Pesticide Bureau Mark S. Buffone, Licensing and Certification Paul F GosseUn, Quality Control I Emergency Response Gail Kaprielian, Enforcement Bureau of Plant Pest Control Peter C. Kuzmiski, Chief Bureau of Plant Pest Control Alfred R. Carl Jr., Chief Apiary Inspector Division of Animal Health Mabel A. Owen, Director Dr. Victor LaBranche, Chief Veterinary Health Officer Division of Equine Activities Peter Bundy, Director and Supervisor, Tlioroughbred Program Robert E. Bennett, Supervisor, Standardbred Prograni Division of Fairs Steven F Quinn, Director Joan Hobart, Supervisor of Fairs Ellen M. Hart, Head Clerk Public Information Diane J. Baedeker, Communications Specialist Jim Degnim, Policy Analyst Cover photograph - Maple Sugaring at the Boyden Farm, Conway, by Diane Baedeker ^- O O "D 03 <: ni c o 3 CD c -^ 13 () 01 (n u -n 03 c n 1 -^ n 0) o D 03 C >^ (D 3 C (O o ^ 00 0) c S CD (f =^ CU c 3 o Thoroughbred Program Greyhound Program Star ardb Progi c " CD a 3 CL ' D CD > CO D (D — \ < n o c c Crt o' Z3 T3 CD —1 91 o CA) 0) ■Tl -J C O 13 n) n — ^ ( ) C) C7 o 3 — ^ CD Q. 3 03 a: CD CD —1 CD CD Q. (Q ■V —1 CD(Q II tur on O^ O I- 3 Q. ^W CD CD > cn CO CD C/) D 0) o 13 O o c O o 3 en 3 CD CO en o' 3 CD -J (0 o o c (D Division of Agricultural Development Walter Larmie, Director The mission of the Division of Agricultural Develop- ment is to ensure the continued viability of the Commonwealth's multifaceted agricultural industry- through a variety of educational and promotional ac- tivities. State assistance is vital to the continued growth and viabihty of this $3 billion industry, particularly in a small, heavily populated industrial state like Mas- sachusetts. While concerned with the overall health of the entire agricultural industry, the Division has focused in particular on several key areas of concern, notably the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) food coupon pro- gram, Agri-Composting, and farm labor issues. Labor Shortage One problem facing the entire economy of the Com- monwealth is the acute shortage of labor affecting virtual- ly every facet of Massachusetts industry. Agriculture, in particular, has been very hard hit, owing to long hours, hard work and seasonabihty. With no control over the maturation process of their crops, farmers are often held hostage to the lack of a ready supply of labor, and often suffer financial loss. The Department has been working with individual farmers, commodity groups and other government agencies to examine solutions to this prob- lem. One option is the creation of a job-training program in urban areas, another mvolves establishing zn exchange program for students from Ireland £md Poland. We will continue to monitor the labor situation, and potential solutions, closely. On-Farm Agri-Composting The Department worked diligently with legislators in 1987 to secure a $3 million appropriation to underwrite the development of a statewide agricultural composting program. This undertaking will lessen our farmers' reliance on expensive fertiliziers and soil conditioners, while simultaneously finding a beneficisd use for farm wastes and organic materials which otherwise would be disposed in our already overfull landfills. The Depart- ment is now developing regulations to help guide farmers through the composting process. Federal-State Marlceting Improvement Program The Department of Food and Agriculture worked closely with the USDA to administer a grant program designed to help finance innovative agri-marketing programs. The USDA provides funds to state depart- ments of agriculture to conduct cooperative marketing service projects to improve the marketing, handling, storage processing, transportaion and distribution of agricultural products. Here in Massachusetts the 1988 grants aided the development of an aquaculture opera- tion. Farmers' Market Coupon Program In 1986 the Department established a program to provide low-income individuals, famihes and elders with coupons redemable at farmers' markets throughout the state for fresh, locally-grown produce. Since its inception, this program has been widely imitated by some 17 other states, as well as the federal government. In 1988 the program served over 30,000 clients, providing them with over $170,000 worth of foodstuffs. Not only does the program assist nutritionally at-risk people, but it also rjiises the income of petrticipating farmers significantly. Bureau of Markets Janet Christensen, Acting Chief Expanding the market for Massachusetts agricultural products is the major objective of the Bureau of Markets, and a strong promotional program is the key to our accomplishments in 1988. A major component of our marketing strategy is the "Massachusetts grown. ..and fresher!" slogan. Over the past fifteen years this has paid off through expanded markets for many farmers in the Commonwealth and a greater awareness by Massachusetts consumers of the quahty and freshness of local food products. What our staff lacks in size, it makes up for in en- thusiasm, and the many events and activities of the past year have helped us reach out in new ways for new markets for Massachusetts growers. Supermarkets and Roadside Markets To help promote the sale of our excellent local farm and food products, the Bureau develops "point-of-pur- chase" materials for use by supermarkets and roadside farmstands. This year's king-size posters picturing fruits and vegetables were colorful reminders the "The Time is Ripe for Massachusetts." With the assistance of the Department's promotional advisory committee, the Department hosted the fourth annual "Fine Foods Dinner" to thank supermarket buyers for their interest in purchasing local products. We also arranged the proclamation ceremonies for "Mas- sachusetts Supermarket Week" during August. The Bureau of Markets has coordinated its efforts with the Massachusetts Association of Roadside Stands (MARS). In March, a one-day direct marketing con- ference was held and topics covered were of specieil interest to Bay State Grower-marketers. The Bureau also aided MARS in launching their newsletter "Farmstand News," which features marketing issues and MARS busi- ness. OiU" regionally assigned Marketing Specialists con- tinually aid farmstand managers with management problems and distribute our "Massachusetts Grown ... and Fresher" point-of-purchase materials. The Foreign Trade Office assists Massachusetts agribusiness firms in launching international marketing programs geared to their products for their current regions of export and/or new global areas. The Fresh Connection The "Fresh Connection" project, aimed at facilitating relations between growers, food processors and those in the restaurant and food service industry, featured a lunch- eon, farm tours and participation in trade shows during 1988. The newsletter was also pubhshed and sent to some 600 restaurateurs, growers, food processors and mem- bers of the media. The program is designed to help local growers find direct markets, and to improve the com- munication between local producers and restaurant chefs. The Bureau of Markets coordinated participation in several trade shows throughout the year. To foster direct marketing, commodity group representatives par- ticipated in the March 1988 Northeast Food Service and Lodging Exposition, which some 10,000 industry buyers attende, as well as the November New York Gourmet Shows. These producers gained increased exposure for their products and generated business. Food Buyers Guide and Markets Information The Food Buyers Guide is published weekly by the Bureau of Markets. The state has been divided into three areas: Boston and vicinity, central, and western Mas- sachusetts for the purpose of compiling accurate prices. At the beginning of each week, a market investigator records prices of produce, meat, dairy, and fish from 4 to 5 retail stores in their respective areas. During the Spring and throughout the harvest season, the market reporters visit roadside farmstands and farmers' markets and obtain prices on local produce. Prices collected for each product are tabulated by range: highest to lowest as well as the most prevalent price for each product. The Food Buyers Guide is mailed to Food Editors, County Extension Services, Growers and farmers market masters, as well as members of the agricultural industry in other states. The guide is an excellent source for infor- mation on the best buys of the week, future price expec- tations based on availability of product, and a source for comparison of prices in different areas of the state. The cover page of the Food Buyers Guide features a specific food product with information and recipes on the product. Also a market report is given by a market inves- tigator regarding specials in the retail market. We also work with the USDA Fruit and Vegetable Market News office, providing wholesale price information to growers during the local growing season. Mary Moffitt is the staff member in this Markets program. Farmers Markets The second comprehensive Massachusetts Farmers' Market Directory was compiled this year, containing a profile of each farmers' market. The directory was mailed to growers to assist them in planning their market season and to market masters whose markets are short on farmers to assist them in recruiting more. The Department hosted the fourth annual Taste of Msasachusetts Tomato Festival at City Hall Plaza in cooperation with Massachusetts tomato growers, the University of Massachusetts Suburban experiment sta- tion in Waltham, and the marketplace management. Entries from across the state fell into several categories including commercial, back yard grown and hydroponic. All were judged on taste, color, firmness, cutting quality, and shape. Six new markets for the summer of 1988 were estab- lished with city and town Chambers of Commerce and Mayors' Offices cooperating. Produce was dehvered once a week to the Quincy Housing Authority from MCI Shirley. Anneli Johnson is in charge of the farmers' markets programs; Doug Roberts covered western Massachusetts in this area for the major part of the growing season. Farmers' Market Coupon Program In 1988, the program was further expanded. In 1988, a total of about $225,000 was provided for coupons and administration. TVventy-two (22) markets participated, which represented a 60% expansion over 1987. 143 growers participated at these markets, an expansion of 25% over 1987. A total of 307,000 coupons were issued to more than 30,000 households. 70% went to WIC, with the rest to other recipients. Over $170,000 of coupons were redeemed, providing an average of more than $1,000 in revenues to each participating farmer. Key changes over the 1987 program included the addition of Boston Urban Gardeners' Farmstsmd pro- gram. Eight farmstands located at low-income housing sites in Boston were supplied with fresh produce from local farms, and coupons were provided to assist the purchase of food. The program was unique in that it was a way to reach the truly needy when farmers themselves were unable to set up cmd do the actual sales. Volunteers from community centers and housing sites did much of the work to set up stands and redeem coupons. In addition, a much greater share of the state's markets were included in the program. Redemption was large enough to have significant impact on farmers' in- comes and on their decisions about where to sell. The program also confirmed the commitment of both funding sources and sponsor agencies to stay with the program as it expanded and became a permanent operation. 1988 was really the watershed year as far as demonstrating the sustainability of the Coupon Program. By this time, a dozen other states had started programs similar to that in Massachusetts. Many of these were intiated following a national meeting held in the March of 1988 in Boston, at which representatives from 22 states and the federal government heard about the program and specifics about its operation. The success of the program was also instrumental in securing Congressional support for a national pilot program. 8 Bureau of Land Use James P. Alicata, Chief To maintain a sound agricultural economy, it is essential that a sufficient amount of land suitable to agricul- tural production be made available to the farming com- munity. It is the role of the Bureau of Land Use to achieve this objective. This can be accomplished through the coordination of both the pubUc and private sector in developing plajis for land use that are compatible to both the needs of development and agriculture. 1988 was a challenging and productive year for the Bureau, highlighted by the passage and signing of an Open Space Bill which included $35 million for the con- tinuation of the Agricultural Preservation Restriction (APR) program. Due to the previous allocation of APR funds, the Bureau was able to direct attention to alterna- tive preservation techniques which maximize the effect of tax dollars when they become available. Professional planning services, for example, have been employed to explore ways that values can be shifted from productive farmland to non-agricultural land that would be more suited to housing or other development purposes. By working cooperatively as a Bureau and with other agencies, an awareness and appreciation of the available farmland in every community can be developed and managed. By offering communities a total package of opportunities that include the identification of active farmland through the mapping program, the purchasing of development rights through the APR program, or the proven management experience of the Massachusetts Farmland Stewardship Program and the Community Gar- den and Fruition programs, the objectives of effective land use management will be acheived. Municipal Farmland Identification Program MFI is a three-year project which inventories and maps parcels of active agricultural land on a town by town basis. This information is valuable to the Agricultural Preservation Restriction (APR) staff in their efforts to create economically viable blocks of protected farmland. In addition, these maps serve as a useful planning tool for town boards and agencies involved in land use issues such as zoning, preservation of open space and resource protection. 1988 has been a very successful year for the MFI Program. Nearly all of the towns in Hampshire, Hampden, Franklin, and southern Worcester counties have been mapped. Martha's Vineyard has been finished and several towns in Berkshire County are presently in various stages of completion. Mapping has also been completed in a number of communities in Plymouth, Bristol, and Barnstable counties. There has been excellent cooperation from the USDA Soil Conservation Service, which performs the final car- tographic work and the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service who have assisted in identifying active agricultural land through the use of aerial photo- graphs. A very successful pilot project between DFA and the Hazardous Waste Facility Site Safety Council (HWFSSC) during the summer produced a computer generated map of APR distribution throughout the state. This map is the first attempt at digitizing information from the Bureau of Land Use using the computer capabilities of another agency. The Bureau is currently in the process of assess- ing the feasibility of digitizing all of the Municipal Farmland Identification maps which would help immen- sely in keeping the maps up to date as well as accurate. APR Program The Agricultural Preservation Restriction (APR) Program was estabUshed by the Legislature in Decem- ber, 1977 to protect the Commonwealth's rapidly diminishing farmland resources through the purchase of Agricultural Preservation Restrictions, commonly known as development rights. It is a voluntary program whereby farmland owners apply to the Department of Food and Agriculture to sell a restriction on all or a portion of their property. After field inspections, a screening and selection process, appraisals, and approval by the Agricultural Lands Preservation Committee, the Commonwealth acquires deed restrictions, which run in perpetuity, and prohibit all activities that would destroy or impair the land for farming. Title to the land still rests with the landowner who enjoys all the traditional rights of the property ownership, such as the right to privacy, the right to lease or sell the land, and of course the right to farm the land. Since the program's inception, more than 25,272 acres have been protected statewide, with an additional 14,300 acres currently in process. During the past six years the Legislature appropriated five million dollars for each of the first four years, twenty milUon dollars in 1983, another five million in 1984, and $35 million in 1987 for a total of $80 million to fund the program over the course of the 1980's. An active farmland preservation role by the Depart- ment of Food and Agriculture came none-too-soon for Massachusetts, as over a million and a half acres of land in farms have gone out of production in the state since World War II. During the two decades between 1951 and 1971 it has been estimated that between 11,000 and 12,000 acres of farmland were lost annually in the state because of urban conversion. One has only to drive around the coimtryside to witness new houses going up in fields and orchards that were recently in active agricultural produc- tion. The loss of agricultural land in most areas of Mas- sachusetts will probably continue because the economic incentive to sell the farm for non-agricultural uses is often too tempting for a farmer to resist, or the land is simply just too expensive for the farmer's children or neighbor- ing farmers to purchase. It is this disparity in land value for development versus agriculture that makes the Commonwealth's Agricultural Preservation Restriction (APR) Program work. Status of Farms Protected All of the farms that are currently in the APR program are checked from time to time for compliance with the terms of the Preservation Restriction. At this time, all of the land currently protected remains in agricultural use. Approximately 60 percent of the farms are in dairy production, thirty five percent are produce farms includ- ing fruits and vegetables, and approximately five percent are "other," including general Uvestock, flowers, etc. Approximately 30 percent of the farms have been sold since the restriction was granted, many of which were conveyed within the family. They all remain in active agricultural production. Proceeds from sale of the development rights were used primarily for retirement. The second highest use of the funds was for debt reduction or pay-off, and the remainder was used for improvements to the farm. In the past seven years, the APR program has placed development restrictions on a total of 270 farms covering 25,272 acres of farmland. These farms range in size from a fifteen- acre highly intensive market garden to 340-plus- acre dairy operations. Included among these farms are apple and peach orchards, specialized vegetable fcU"ms, small fruit operations, general forage crop and livestock farms, farms producing field crops such as potatoes, cucumbers and grain corn, and diversified dairy fcirms. The types of farms in the Massachusetts program are an excellent cross-section of the types of food- producing agricultural enterprises in the State. The additional funding provided under the 1988 Open Space Bill will enable APR program staff to respond to a steady and increasing stream of applicants. Numerous APR agreements have already been completed while dozens more have been in various stages of application and approval, pending the recent passage of the bill. Nineteen applications involving 3,332 acres were under purchase-and-sale agreement as of Jan 1,1988, but could not be completed before the new infusion of funds. Eighty additional farms on 8,230 acres have been under active appraisal, while 32 applications involving 2,324 acres have been on standby. APR staff members predict that as the number of applications continues to increase, program applicants will be more closely scrutinized to assure their com- patibility with program objectives. While awaiting the infusion of new funds, the APR staff has sought to elucidate imd develop those objectives. One of the program's major objectives is to continue to add more restricted land in the vicinity of those farms already protected, in order to secure large areas of land for agricultural production. More and more landowners are becoming familiar with the program, and the assemblage of large blocks of protected farmland is underway in a number of towns, including Westport, Dudley, Hadley, Amherst, and others. Other program objectives include: suitability and productivity of the land for agriculture; the imminence of threat to the farmland; the economic viability of the farm; and the availability of creative financing approaches that will reduce the cost to the Commonwealth. Cost saving financing techniques likely to receive even closer consideration by the APR staff and the ALPC in the coming year, include the following: (1) Land banking by the owner - The Owner is wilUng to hold out substantial acreage which is not essen- tial to the farming unit, for possible liquidation. By doing so, the Owner is "land banking" acreage for family residential use or sale which will reduce the cost of the APR. (2) Compatible Development - Where a town or land trust purchases the land outright, it maybe necessary or desirable to remove some of the marginal agricultural land for Umited residential development in order to offset the cost of purchase. (3) Substantial Local Contribution - Farms of high value will be expected to have a substantial local contribution. Normally this will come from the town, through town meeting appropriation or from the Conser- vation Fund of the Conservation Commission, or from local non-profit organizations. (4) Cooperative Funding - Contributions, made by another state agency that has an interest in the preser- vation of an APR farm can help to reduce the cost of the APR for the DFA. (5) Bargain Sale - WTiere the appraised value of the development rights is higher than the Common- wealth is willing to pay, the owner may be willing to sell 10 the development rights for less and take the difference as a charitable deduction for federal tax purposes. State-Owned Farmland 1988 marked the eleventh year in which pubUcly- owned land was made available to Massachusetts farmers under the Department's State-Owned Farmland Project. Added to the project's inventory in 1988 were 24 acres of state-owned land in Lancaster and 80 acres of land in the Ware River and Wachusett Reservoir watersheds. Negotiations began with the Department of Pubhc Health to assume leasing responsibility for 243 acres of farmland at Tewksbury Hospital, which will bring the total acres managed by the Project to over 1,000. Unless the use is dictated by special legislation (as in the case of Nor- thampton and Foxborough), the lands are made available to farmers through a public Request for Proposals process. Farmers are selected to use the land based on their management abihty, offered price per acre, and willingness to comply with any special restrictions placed on them by the agency controlling the land. Leases are for 5 years (the maximum allowed under state real property laws) and are sometimes renewable for one additional period of 5 years. Farmland Stewardship Program An advisory committee was formed in September of 1987 to take a broader look at Massachusetts' state-owned farmland and plan for its future use. The Committee includes members from the agricultural community and from human services and economic development agen- cies. The Committee will focus first on the land that was once farmed by the large campus hospitals and schools of the Departments of Mental Health, Public Health and Mental Retardation. These institutions stopped farming in the 1960's and '70's and the land has been kept open through leasing to local farms. The large campus institutions are now being asked to plan for their current and future needs and to declare excess land surplus. This Campus Planning process is a joint effort of the Executive Office of Human Services and the Division of Capital Planning and Operations (DCPO) the agency created in 1981 to oversee all state real property matters. The Massachusetts Farmlands Stewardship Committee will develop agricultural plans to dovetail with the Campus Planning process: as lands are declared surplus, the Department of Food and Agricul- ture will ask that the farmland be transferred to its control to implement the Committee's plans. Plans will be developed individually for each proper- ty, based on its agricultural capability and farm use in the surrounding area. It is hoped that new-entry farmers can get a start on some of these properties, with 30-50 year leases. Such a project is already being implemented by the New England Small Farm Institute on the old Belcher- town State School farmstead. Agricultural Land Inventory The Bureau of Land Use is developing an inventory of all pubUc lands used for agriculture in Massachusetts. The Bureau has begun a survey of all Massachusetts cities and towns to see how much municipally-owned land is farmed and under what sort of arrangements, i.e., lease or permit, fee simple or percentage of yield, public access permitted or not, etc.) . Agricultural leasing is an effective Open Space management tool which makes good economic sense for both municipalities and for Mas- sachusetts agriculture; and the Bureau would like to fur- ther promote its use. Acid Rain Project Three years of research on the effects of acid rain on Massachusetts agriculture will be completed in the spring of 1988. Grant money from the state Executive Office of Environmental Affairs was given to the environmental agencies to investigate how acid rain is affecting the quality of Massachusetts' air, water, forests and agricul- tural resources. The Bureau of Land Use is administering a $270,000 three-year grant for research conducted through the University of Massachusetts' Environmen- tal Institute by Dr. Lyle Craker on the Amherst campus and Dr. WiUiam Feder at the Suburban Experiment Sta- tion in Waltham. Researchers are finding that crop damage is caused by a complex of pollutants including acid rain, ozone, sulfur and nitrogen oxides and particulates. Damage is not restricted to urban areas where most of these pol- lutants are generated but hits rural areas as well. The U. Mass. researchers are finding that air pollution and acid rain can affect the ability of corn pollen to germinate on corn silk, which can reduce yields of Massachusetts' num- ber one cultivated crop. These pollutants can also interact with common agricultural herbicides and growth hor- mones, causing them to act unpredictably and possibly damage crops. Dr. Feder has developed a pollen test for nursery stock which predicts how a plant will react to pollution stress. Nursery stock used to beautify Massachusetts' urban and suburban areas represents a multi-million dol- lar investment and must be able to tolerate polluted conditions. To field-test all species for pollution tolerance would require 50 years, thousands of acres of land and cost milhons. Dr. Feder's pollen test is cheap, accurate, and produces results in 24 hours. 11 Division of Animal Health Mabel Owen, Director The goal of the Division of Animal Health is the control or eradication of all domestic animal diseases which have either a human health impact or place an undue burden on the producer or consumer. With an office staff of seven, whose primary duty is the support of the field staff and maintenance of disease test and surveillance records, and a field staff of four Veterinary Health Of- ficers, four Animal Health Inspectors and five Poultry and Poultry Products Inspectors the Division monitors the health of well over 120,000 cattle, 50,000 swine, almost 35,000 horses, 20,000 sheep and goats and more than two and half million birds, primarily chickens and turkeys. Since this animal population is maintained on more than 10,000 individual premises, the inspecting and record keeping presents a monumental task for such a small force. Many records are now computerized, but since most disease situations are best treated on an individual farm basis, the actual work load cannot be minimized by improved technology. Tests vary, as do the availability and use of vaccines and topical treatment. Size of farm, rapidity of disease spread, proximity of neighboring farms with similar animals, availability of medical treatment - all enter into any given disease outbreak and each carries its own monetary impact, on the Division as well as on the farmer-producer. Now that many of the older, and once- feared diseases (Ibberculosis, in particular) are con- sidered to have been eradicated in the area, priorities have turned to others, such as Swine Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) which are relatively new to the state. Interstate and international animal, and human movement has proliferated to an extent where exotic disease pose a constant threat to our native livestock. Avian Influenza in 1986, Swine Pseudorabies in 1987 and various sal- monella serotypes in 1988 have, individually, the capacity of almost wiping out any single species of animal. Since the collective value of domestic livestock in Massachusetts now exceeds a half billion dollars, it is encumbent upon the Division to maintain it in good health. The use of land for stock adds heavily to our tax base as well as maintaining a valuable "green belt" around our cities and suburban areas. The production of safe, high-quality, available food is a source of pride to our farmers and life support to our consumers. We have a short growing season in the northeast and we must there- fore make the best possible use of every week of it. The Division of Animal Health maintains an important place in the food chain - cooperating with every segment, from breeders to producer to seller to dealer to processor to consumer. Sections 1 thru 49 of Chapter 129 of the General Law apply, as well as certain other sections and chapters. Interstate and international, animals and birds move via Permits and Charts. Included for each is an individual identification (number and letter combination) as well as the negative results for many health tests, all of which are conducted in one or more state or federally-approved laboratories. These records are maintained, in some cases as long as five years, and provide accurate means of trace-back to farms of origin in the event of disease outbreak. Animal commerce is extensive and records must be error-free, both of which require an office staff that is both talented and conscientious. Their basic un- derstanding of disease nomenclature and eradication procedures is extensive. In addition, interstate shipment requirements change almost daily, in answer to sporadic and particular disease situations that come into existence in other states and countries. Telephone inquiries are many and extremely varied, requiring data sources from Universities, other state agencies, federal laboratories or other governmental bodies. At the end of fy 1988 four positions remained unfilled, one field Veterinarian, one pouhry/poultry products in- spector and two office staff openings.The fy 1988 budget was $716,143. The Division of Animal Health prepares its own Budget (Account number: 2515-1000) which be- comes a part of Food and Agriculture's departmental budget. Expenses include divisional salaries, accredited Veterinarians in the state, under a fee structure which reimburses them for farm visits, calf-hood vaccinations (Brucellosis only) and tuberculin testing. The remaining costs represent support costs; office expenses and sup- plies, telephone, postage, printing, ear-tags, certain an- tigens and testing materials and auto leasing. The Tuberculosis Program Massachusetts cattle are tested, on a full-herd basis, once every three years, at state expense. Each test re- quires two Veterinary stops, once to inject and a second, 72 hours later, to read. Animal TB -testing is the same as it is for people, essentially an allergic-reaction test. All dairy cows are tested and at least 85% of the beef herds are similarly done. Within the past fy, Connecticut has changed its testing requirements to be in line with all other New England states, a long sought-after change which will result in a substantial saving for the area's milk producers. Since all cattle sent to federal and most state slaughterplants are regularly inspected for TB, the sur- veillance for this important disease is more than ade- quate. Although TXiberculosis in man still can be found in this country, most are inner-city cases with no food-chain derivation. Massachusetts has been "Accredited Free" of Bovine 'I\iberculosis for more than five years. It has been 12 a decade since the last case was found in a herd in this state. The Brucellosis Program The end of fy 1988 marks the 62nd month that Mas- sachusetts has been rated "Brucellosis-Free". This rating is now shared by 26 other states, all of which are either north or north-central. This is a coveted status, one of value to every farmer as it allows our cattle to move freely in commerce to a wide number of other states and countries. In effect, FREE Status confers an added value to Massachusetts-owned dairy animals. Since this dis- ease remains endemic in the South, strict surveillance procedures are required in all "FUEE" states. The Brucellosis Ring Test (BRT) is the primary testing procedure. Dairy herds are monitored quarterly with this test, currently conducted under a state-federal payment system at Paige Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst campus. Cattle Dealer licensing and weekly sale/purchase reports are necessary, as is the vaccination of all heifer calves between the ages of four and eight months, as well as the re-testing of all imported cattle between 45 and 60 days post entry. Vaccination and import retesting is done at state expense, either via staff Veterinarian or by fee- basis accredited Veterinarian. Since Massachusetts is both an importing (more cattle brought in than raised here) and one across which cattle move regularly, there is an ever present danger of re-introducing this costly disease to Massachusetts herds. We are therefore un- ceasingly vigilant concerning Bovine Brucellosis. It remains the first priority disease- prevention Program. Swine Brucellosis At the end of fy 1988 one swine herd was known to be infected and this one was scheduled for the depopulation of all breeding animals before the first quarter of fy 1989. AppUcation for Free-status in swine brucellosis is under USDA consideration. Acceptable surveillance proce- dures remain in question. There are no large, federally- inspected swine slaughterplants in New England and swine traceback procedures remain poor because current methods of swine identification do not remain on or with the animal throughout transportation and slaughter. First-point testing (ie; at sales or gathering points) is under consideration as is individual-herd animal testing. Swine numbers continue to diminish in Massachusetts despite the widespread changeover from garbage to grain feeding. Waste food recycling through swine remains both economically and environmentally sound; and swine feed lots also remain the primary source of neighbor complaint. Other Swine Diseases With the advent of federally-supported, industry-wide effort to eradicate Swine Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) slated to begin on January 1, 1989, many states have begun a surveillance program to locate any foci of disease in this area. Massachusetts conducted a serology surveillance of almost 60 swine herds in mid-fy 1988, and eleven herds were found to have one or more positive animals. Five of these were cleaned up quickly and tested negative. Six others remain, one of which is a very large herd. Since there is no state or federal indemnity available for PRV, each case must be considered individually, bearing in mind the size of the herd, its proximity to other swine herds, the severity of disease within the herd and the farmer's decision to remain a breeding operation. With the exception of the one large aforementioned herd, it is expected that Massachusetts will be essentially free of PRV in fy 1989. In the area of other swine diseases a number of threats exist. African Swine Fever is endemic in much of the Caribbean basin and Foot and Mouth Disease breaks sporadically in Europe and South America. Division of Animal Health is also a part of READEO (Regional Emergency Animal Disease Eradication Organization) a state-Federal contingency planning group which would cover any exotic/imported disease outbreak. Pet Shop Licensing Almost 10,000 puppies and kittens are imported into Massachusetts each year, for sale at Pet Shops. State licensing is designed to provide better care, cleaner shops and some protection to the buying pubhc. Massachusetts requires these animals to be veterinarian inspected, and to be eight weeks of age before importation. Despite such laws, these are baby animals, already heavily traumatized by weaning, a stay at a wholesaler and further shipment. A new regulation mandating a weekly Veterinarian in- spection prior to sale has been of some help, as has the requirement permitting the buyer to return the animal for either exchange or return of payment following a Veterinarian's inspection and rejection. Consumer com- plaints in the year following the rule changes have been minimal but not non-existent. The sale of animals from a shop often results in an emotional experience for the purchaser - not always on the plus side. The Division of Animal Health, despite job vacancies, has undertaken to inspect each of the 262 licensed Pet Shops twice annually. There was 95% completion of this program in fy 1988. These inspections do not take the place of regular visits, complaint investigations by agents of the Massachusettts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and Animal Rescue League of of Boston and New Bedford, but do serve as a useful procedure by which each licensed shop is visited at least twice yearly. A form of "preventa- tive medicine", these inspections frequently solve problems before they can become acute. 13 Equine Program Rabies Control Although relatively few licensing Programs are finan- cially self-sufficient, the Programs which issue Ucenses to Riding Schools, Horseback Riding Instructors and Equine Dealer-Transporters is generating a total of $28,856 in fy 1988. Full particulars appear on page 26 of this report. Designed to protect both horses and people, two of the programs remain the only ones of their kind in the country. Licensing has ensured that Instructors have sound basic knowledge, understand the principles of teaching and practice the principles of safety. Horseback riding is no more subject to personal injury than many other such sports, but careful instruction, as well as well- cared for and sound horses, reduce the risk considerably. There are number of licensed stables which offer programs of riding for the handicapped as well as lessons for the older rider. The licensing programs have also provided opportunities to inform horse owners of dis- ease problems, legislative action or zoning changes. In fy 1988, one such informational meeting was held. Since a number of very large breed horse shows are regularly held in Massachusetts each year, with entries from 20 or more states and Canada, it is important that incoming animals meet all of our entry requirements insofar as hccilth is concerned. Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) has been on the increase in New England for at least two years. Clinically-ill horses, rather than the asymptomatic carrier animal, have marked these out- breaks. Although none has occurred in Massachusetts, the number of Coggins-Test positives has risen. Since EIA virus has certain similarities to HIV (Humane im- mune-deficiency virus), there is research currently under way in Massachusetts using the EIA-positive horse as an "animal disease model" for AIDS. Guard Dog Licensing This program, in effect for five years, is designed to assure giaard and sentry dogs of sound training, humane care and safe working conditions. Facilities are regularly inspected by Agents of the MSPCA and ARL as well as by both Divisional staff Veterinarian and Animal Health Inspector. Hearing Ear Dog Although these kennels are required to be licensed, this program has never been funded, nor have Rules and Regulations been promulgated; licenses issued, or per- sonnel hired who have the specialized expertise the care of these highly trained animals requires. Since less than four such training kennels exist, and since each has been regularly visited by various humane agents, this program continues to have a low priority in the Division. Each year an expansion budget-budget request has been made how- ever. Public law in Massachusetts requires that cmy animal inflicting a bite or skin-breaking scratch be quarantined for a minimum of ten days as a rabies prevention proce- dure. Town Animal Inspectors and Animal Control Of- ficers issue quarantine and release, following no- tification by a hospital physician. Since rabies, in the human is almost invariably fatal, these procedures are important. The presence of a vaccinated canine popula- tion, between the wild animals who can have rabies, and the public is the latter's first line of defense against this frightening disease. The Division hold Town Animal In- spector meetings, provides numerous informational papers and regularly answers inquiries about rabies. Testing of certain suspect animals is available from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (727-2686) as is information regarding the new diploid cell vaccines (HDC) for people who have been exposed to rabies or whose work or travel makes such protection wise. Poultry Programs Although surveillance procedures were maintained throughout fy 1988, no Avian Influenza was found, either in Massachusetts flocks or in those of nearby states. Tests have been provided to flock owners at no cost. In fy 1988 a new threat to the poultry industry made its appearance. It has been alleged that Salmonella enteriditis, which causes morbidity and occasional mortality in humans, is closely associated with eggs. A number of industry metings were held in fy 1988 and various testing and certification plans were considered. It appears that cer- tain egg-connections may be made, but that very little is known regarding transmission of disease within flocks. Until research can be completed, and considerations given to indemnity for the flock owner, regulations to eradicate or control this disease cannot be completed. The emergence of salmonella enteriditis as a threat to public health has resulted in greatly improved coopera- tion between USDA and the states, and between the departments of pubUc and animal health within the state. Shows, Fairs, Activities Every animal or bird exhibited at a Fair or exhibition was inspected by one or more of our staff professionals - Veterinarian, Animal Inspector or Poultry Inspector. Massachusetts' requirements for the health of every species shown appears in every prize list. We are grateful for the excellent cooperation we received from Fair Managers and Secretaries, as well as from Exhibitors. A fair is a "show window" for agriculture and we are proud of everyone's efforts to place only the best "in that win- dow." Fairs remain the farmer-producer's only contact with a consuming public that is often five or more genera- tions away from any farm contact or knowledge. 14 Pulling Animals Diagnostics Once again randomly selected animals were tested for drugs - and once again no positives were found. We are indebted to the Racing Commission's Laboratory in Jamaica Plain for conducting these tests. Massachusetts has a reciprocal agreement with other New England states insofar as animal drugging is concerned. This agreement re- suited in the banning of one teamster found guilty of administering drugs to his animals at a contest in a nearby state. The "draws" are increasingly popular fair events and the number of exhibitors has risen each year. Sales/Auctions Statistics of five regularly-scheduled sales appear on page 11. Each has either /and a Staff Veterinarian or an Animal In- spector present. This is also true of certain other sales which are annual events here - sales of feeders, purebred beef or dairy animals, lambs, sheep, other animals. Since facihties exist here in Massachu- setts which are centrally located, and served by the interstate highway system, we are a popular "sale-state." A food- animal sales tax exemption also applies. Sheep and Goats With increasing sades in goat mUk and both goat and sheep cheeses, many towns require that goats be regularly tested for both tuberculosis and brucellosis although both species appear not to harbor either disease. These rules have caused sheep and goat owners to desire that testing requirements for showing remain in place. The Division has once again offered to meet with dairy goat associa- tions to consider rule changes. Specialties Food animal "specialties" appear on the increase. There are currently one herd of bison and two farms actively considering the raising of fallow deer for venison. There is also a rapidly increasing number of llama and vicuna herds, farms on which wild horses are trained and donkeys raised and trained to protect sheep from predator attack. We also have fish culture and exotic birds raised for both food and exhibition. Agriculture, today, changes with each passing year. Problems Three positions lost in 1985 remain unreplaced. At the close of 1988 four other positions were unfilled; one staff Veterinarian (Worcester County); one Poultry In- spector, the Supervisor of Riding Academies and one clerical position. All are critical, and will have a major hmiting effect on the work-load of the Division. The lack of long-term planning for animal disease diagnostics remains unchanged. The Division of Animal Health has funded annually a small contract ($24,000) with Veterinary Services at the University of Mas- sachusetts in Amherst. This laboratory continues to offer Pullorum testing in Poultry and is federally funded under a state-federal agreement to carry out the Brucellosis- testing program, but these are temporary procedures and none addresses the problem in its entirety. Mas- sachusetts Division of Animal Health remains, the only such agency in the country that does not have a properly funded, properly staffed domestic animal disease testing laboratory. This lack all but guarantees the Mas- sachusetts inabiUty to cope with any large animal disease outbreak. Instant diagnostic capability is a primary con- trol tool; disease prevention is far less costly than disease eradication. Conclusion The seventeen people currently employed in the Division of Animal Health deserve the livestock industry's thanks for their part in maintaining the state's disease-FREE status in Tuberculosis, Brucellosis and Pullorum. No other state has accomplished so much with so few people, and so many farm premises and animals. We wish to acknowledge the help we have had from the following people and agencies: Governor Michael S. Dukakis, Secretary of Environ- mental Affairs James Hoyte and Commissioner of Food and Agriculture August Schumacher, Jr. for their con- tinued support; A number of people in the legislature, and especially the Committee on Natural Resources, for their interest and cooperation; Dr. William Smith, area Veterinarian in Charge, USDA-APHIS for a great deal of assistance; Massachusetts Farm Bureau Federation, the Animal Rescue League of Boston and Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals for advice and support; Dr. George Faddoul of the Suburban Experiment Station and Dr. Donald Black of the Depart- ment of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, both of the University of Massachusetts, for their invaluable help in diagnostic sevices; The practicing large-animal Veterinarians in this state, the purebred associations, the cattle and swine dealers, the sale-barn managers and the entire livestock farming community for their commitment to our goals of disease-free status. A disease-free status is attainable only when everyone concerned believes in it and works at its accomplishment. 75 Division of Equine Programs Peter Bundy, Director Thoroughbred Breeding Program Peter Bundy, Supervisor The thoroughbred breeding industry continued to con- tribute some $35 million to the Massachusetts economy in 1988, an increase of more than 200 percent over the past five yesirs. During the same period, the amount of farmland devoted to thoroughbred breeding remained at 7,000 acres. Clearly, the breeding and raising of throughbred horses has become a significant force in the Massachusetts economy and a major contributor to the cause of open-space preservation. Recognizing the importance of the industry, the Mas- sachusetts Thoroughbred Breeding Program in 1988 con- tinued to encourage and provide incentives for the breeding and raising of thoroughbred horses in the Com- monwealth. Enhanced by legislation passed in 1985, the program now receives one half of one percent of the total amount wagered at Suffolk Downs. That money is used for breeder, owner and stallion owner incentive awards payable to qualified participants in the breeding program. Breeder Awards At Suffolk Downs and at two agricultural fairs in Massachusetts, throughbred breeders received $322,282 in awards in 1988. A breeder is the owner of a mare at the time of her foaling. If certain requirements are met, the breeder becomes eligible to receive breeder incentive awards of 25 percent of the purse won in first-, second-, and third-place finishes at licensed pari-mutuel tracks in Massachusetts. Owner Awards Owners of Massachusetts throughbreds received $192,985 in incentive awards during 1988. The owner of a Massachusetts-bred horse is the person who owns the horse at the time of its racing. Owner awards are 20-per- cent of purses won in first-, second- and third-place finishes at hcensed tracks in Massachusetts. Owner awards are paid only in open competition. No owner awards are paid for horses running in races restricted to Massachusetts-bred entrants. Owners of Massachusetts stallions gleaned $94,476 in awards during the past year. Stalhon owner incentive awards of 15 percent of the purse are paid to owners of registered Massachusetts thoroughbred stallions that sired such finishers. The owner of the staUion at the time of service to the dame of such a finisher is the recipient. In the past year, Massachusetts registered Thoroughbreds have gone to post 1,562 times at Suffolk and agricultural fairs. These starters have accounted for 184 wins, 179 seconds and 192 thirds. Stallion owners reported 329 mares bred to Massachusetts stallions in the same time period. Stakes Racing Program In the past fiscal year, 10 stake races, with total purses of $235,000, were offered for eligible Massachusetts-bred horses. Of that amount, the program funded $125,000, with the Suffolk Downs Horsemen's account providing $110,000 These restricted races were offered to horses of varying age and gender, and were run over Vcirying distan- ces and under varying conditions. Greyhound Breeding Program Robert E. Bennett, Supervisor The breeding of greyhound racing dogs in the Com- monwealth got off to a running start in 1988, with more than 1000 Massachusetts-bred greyhounds registered for racing from July to the end of the year. During the same period, some 110 greyhound studs were registed with the agency. While the program has just begun, it is anticipated that more than 2,000 greyound pups per year will be registered with the Department of Food and Agriculture. Under Chapter 277 of the Acts and Resolves of 1986, the Department of Food and Agriculture's Division of Equine Programs was chosen to administer the states' new Greyhound Breeding Program. The program is funded by one-tenth of one percent of the total handle at the Wonderland and Raynham/Taunton greyhound racetracks, up to a maximum of $300,000 per year. 16 Division of Fairs Steven F. Quinn, Director The growing network of agricultural fairs and exhibi- tions in Massachusetts received a healthy boost in 1988 with the hiring of Joan Hobart of Middlefield as the Department of Food and Agriculture's first Supervisor of Fairs. Other staff promotions last year also made the Division of Fairs better able to meet the changing needs of the Massachusetts fair industry. Joan Hobart, the new fairs supervisor, is based at the agency 's Western Massachusetts regional office, located on the grounds of the Eastern States Exposition in West Springfield - the largest of the more than 100 agricultural exhibitions held annually in the Commonwealth. The ef- ficiency of that office also has been improved by the promotion of Alexandrine Porter-Martin as senior clerk- typist and overseer of computer programs. At the agency's main office in Boston, Ellen Hart was promoted to the job of administrative assistant in 1988, handling division matters in the absence of the Director. Program Expenditures From a total appropriation of $693,069 for Division of Fairs activities in fiscal year 1988, $375,000 was allotted for prizes; $140,000 for rehabihtation; $50,000 for ex- hibits and grants to agricultural youth programs; and the balance of funds for administrative purposes. Fairs Rehabilitation The division's ongoing effort to improve buildings and grounds at fairs statewide was aided in FY 1988 by a $50,000 increase over the previous year's appropriation. Priority was given rehabihtation projects at fairs in Adams, Bolton, Greenfield and Barnstable, as well as the Boston Flower Show. The Big E Some 993,000 visitors came through the gates of the 1988 Eastern States Exposition in West Springfield in September. The Massachusetts Building looked better than ever, thanks to a fine effort from the Division of Capital Planning and Operations and members of the Western Massachusetts Nurserymens' Association. The building now boasts new roofs, new paint, new raiUngs, new hghts, and new landscaping-once again dignifying our presence on the Avenue of the States. New exhibits in 1988 included expanded models of farmers' markets, local wine products, the Massachusetts Veterinary As- sociation, the Massachusetts State Police, the Mas- sachusetts Tree Farmers, and an exceptionally well-received exhibit on lobsters by the state's environ- mental law enforcement officers. Workshops Successful training workshops were conducted in 1988 for new fair secretaries, inspectors, cattle superin- tendents, and judges for fruit-, vegetable- and fiower- growing competitions. Wool Board The Division continued its involvement in 1988 with the Massachusetts Wool Board. Producers last spring pooled together their wool, sent it out of state to be processed into blankets and then sold their goods for above-wholesale prices. In that way, participating Mas- sachusetts shepherds earned larger returns for their clips. A similar effort to market lamb meat collectively con- tinued to be hindered in 1988 by the lack of an appropriate packing facility within the state. Still, local growers con- tinue to do well individually with their freezer-trade busi- nesses. 17 Division of Regulatory Services Lewis F. Wells, Director The Division of Regulatory Services encountered another year full of important regulatory activities. Some of these activities include new initiatives (i.e. groundwater protection, right of way management) in the Pesticide Bureau, the continued battle against the spread of the Varroa and Tracheal mites, agressive inspection and enforcement of dairy and, seed, feed and fertilizer regulations. Faced with the continuing pressure on the dairy industry, the Bureau of Milk Marketing con- tinued to closely monitor the price and supply of milk. Bureau of Plant Pest Control Peter Kuzminski, Chief, Bureau of Plant Pest Con- trol retired in 1988. The Department of Food and Agriculture wishes Pete a happy retirement and thanks him for his long service to the citizens of the Common- wealth. Warren Shepard, previously with the Bureau of Markets and Pesticide Bureau was appointed as the Bureau Chief. Apiary Inspection A small but vital sector of Bay State agriculture is the apiary industry. And Massachusetts has fewer beekeepers than many other states. We produce a modest amount of honey, but the largely unnoticed value of the apiary industry is pollination by bees -necessary to most of our crops. The major issues for this industry are the threats from the outside - Trachael mites, Africanized bees, and Varroa mites. Trachael mite has not been the problem we first anticipated, although we must do many inspections to remain in control of the situation. Africanized bees can be placed in the same category. The largest concern is the prevention of infiltration of the Varroa mite into Massachusetts. If this occurs, the situa- tion will be serious as there is no registered pesticide to control this mite and quarantine is difficult with the de- gree of bee colony movement in the state. Pesticide Regulation The most encouraging advances in the area of pest management have been in the area of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The Department of Food and Agriculture continues to work with the University of Massachusetts in expanding this practice of reducing the use of chemicals by employing biological, cultural and mechanical methods of controlUng pests. International IPM Conference In March, the Department of Food and Agriculture, World Bank and the University of Massachusetts held an international conference on Integrated Pest Manage- ment. Representatives from nearly every continent at- tended the conference to exchange ideas and research on ways to use an integrated approach to control pests. Dairying and Milk Marketing The demand for milk in the Boston metropoUtan area, where most of the milk-handhng industry in New England is located, has caused debate over the status of the milk industry in the Northeast and possible strategies for in- suring the future of dairy farming while keeping consumer prices affordable. Quality Control in Farm Products The Bureau of Farm Products receives analytical sup- port from the Seed, Feed, and Fertilizer Laboratory at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in administering bureau programs and enforcing state laws concerning branding and storage. Bureau staff also inspects apples for export to the United Kingdom and Canada as well as to other states. Working with other states, USDA, the Food and Drug Administration and various regulated industries, the Division of Regulatory Services helps foster high quality agricultural products while guarding the public health and safety. 18 Bureau of Dairying David Sheldon, Chief The Bureau of Dairying had a very successful F.Y. 88. All of the requests received for the inspection of Dairy Farms and Milk Plants to ship fluid milk to our market were completed in a timely maimer in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 94 of the General Laws. Dairy Farms In Massachusetts Throughout F.Y. 88 our total dairy farm numbers in Massachusetts continued to decline. September 1, 1987 signaled the end of the dairy termination program and the erosion of our dairy farms slowed somewhat; however, we are still in a steady loss situation. On July 5, 1988 we recorded 482 commercial dairy farms operating within the state. This number represents a drop of 63 farms from our July 1987 figure of 545 farms. Compared to our previous fiscal year's loss of 97 dairy fcU'ms the loss is not as severe, but it is significant. A search into our records shows us that Mas- sachusetts had 6,885 dairy farms in 1940 and that the number of dairy farms increased to 7,331 by 1953. Since 1953 there has been a steady loss of dairy farms to our present figure of 482 or 6.57% of the dairy farms we had 35 years ago. Using the same percentage loss we have experienced we would have 32 dairy farms in Mas- sachusetts in the year 2023. It is our belief that we will experience a continued erosion of dairy farms for the reasons which are common knowledge to all of us in the agricultural field such as the best use of investment capital, labor, rate of return, size of operation necessary for an adequate return, off farm employment oppor- timities and the exorbitant prices being offered for land in Massachusetts. We continue to have great faith in the agricultural preservation restriction program and the real estate tax relief offered via Chapter 61A to be incentive enough to slow our loss of farms, however, it is impossible for many to show a reasonable profit even with these incentives, if the price of milk is too low as it has been for the past year. It is now essential that this state do all that is possible to assist in enhancing the price of milk at the farm. To put our previous discussion about the loss of farms in Massachusetts in the proper hght it is impor- tant to note that even though we have lost farms every year since 1953 our total production in Massachusetts had been on a slow rise up to 1983 due to more cows on remaining farms and higher production per cow. The Federal Milk Diversion program started in 1983 and it was followed up by the Federal Dairy Termination Pro- gram in 1986 which resulted in a loss of approximately 20% of the milk being produced in Massachustts. The remaining herds in the state have picked up some of this loss by adding cows and by increasing production per cow, but it is not enough to bring us back to our 1983 highpoint in milk production. Dairy Farm, Milk Plant And Pasteurization Plant Inspections We inspect all Massachusetts producers at least twice a year and all of our out of state producers at least once a year. In addition to the 482 active dairy farms we now have under inspection in Massachustts we had 6,070 dairy farms under inspection in our supplying states as of January 1, 1988. On June 30, 1988 we had 8 milk plants under inspection in Massachusetts and in out of state areas we had 20 milk plants and 22 pasteurization plants under inspection. Our statistics section at the end of this report gives the actual number of inspections made in addition to many other statistics. The Milk Shed We continue to have a slow but steady addition of producers in the State of New York. The New England milk shed is finite and when additional milk is needed the Massachusetts cooperatives and dealers request our inspection of producers in the State of New York. Mastitis Program The Mastitis program carried out in conjunction with Paige Laboratory at the University of Mas- sachusetts continues to be of great assistance to all Massachusetts dairymen who participate. It is a volun- tary program. We have approximately 325 herds en- rolled in the program out of a total of 482 herds or 67% participation. The elimination of Streptococcus Agalactiae in participating herds is the main trust of the mastitis program. Over the last two years the inspectors have been using an evaluation form at participating farms to identify the actual conditions causing the mastitis problems. We feel that it is fine to identify the organism in the samples and treat the cows as needed, but the identification of the actual problem or problems causing the infection is ^B essential for the program to have the greatest positive effect for the dairymen. We have three inspectors working full time on mas- titis sample collection, with one additional inspector working approximately one-half of his time on mastitis work. The remainder of his time is spent on dairy farm inspections. U.S.D.A. Dry Milk Sampling Program The Agri-Mark, Inc. plant in West Springfield, MA is our only dry milk plant in Massachusetts. During the past year this plant has not made any government powder and we have done no sampling. We expect the 89 fiscal year will tell the same story due to the tightness of milk supplies. Interstate Milk Shippers Program We have continued our efforts to come into greater compliance with the Interstate Milk Shipper's Program. We are now in the process of computerizing our dairy farm water supply records and when that project is com- pleted we hope to computerize our driver-sampler records. Having all of these records on the computer will assist greatly by enabling us to screen the records via the computer to see who is in need of sampling or inspection etc. We presently have thirteen separate I. M.S. bulk tank units holding a rating in Massachusetts. All of the units have been rated within the proper time frame to comply with the requirements of the I. M.S. progr^lm. We have enhanced the ease of making the enforce- ment portion of an I. M.S. rating by ledgering all of our dairy farm scores. It is now very easy to evaluate one page of a producers record rather than comparing 5 or 6 separate score forms. Dealer Registration During the 1988 fiscal year a total of 128 Milk Dealers registered with the Bureau of Dairying as required by Chapter 94, Section F of the General Laws. Dairy Farm Equipment Installation Forms We have now finalized the installation application forms for a bulk tank, pipeline milking system and any related dairy equipment installation. We have sent a letter along with a set of" the application forms to all Massachusetts dairymen and to all dairy equipment in- stallers serving our dairymen. We have found that it is very helpful to identify problems with equipment instal- lations on the application before the actual installation. In this way corrections may be made to meet the regulations before the dollars, time and labor have been expended. This creates a situation where everyone is willing to discuss what the problems are, if any. It is much more difficult to gain correction after all of the equipment is in place and it does not meet the regulations. Legislation and Regulations The Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resour- ces is presently evaluating a proposal entitled the Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact. This document was assembled by legislators in New York and Vermont. TVo of the major thrusts of the compact are: A. Uniformity of Laws and Regulations of all par- ticipating States. B. Establishment of a regional price structure to obtain additional income for dairymen. The compact would require approval by the legis- lators and the signature of the Governor in each par- ticipating State. The United States Congress would than be requested to allow the compact. One new piece of dairy legislation was signed into law in Massachusetts during F.Y. 88 when the Governor signed the bill defining goat milk with the standards set at not less than 2.5 percent milk fat and not less than 7.5 percent milk solids not fat, for goat milk in final package form for beverage use. Dairy Laws Manual We are still working on the complete revision of our Dairy Laws Manual, whenever time permits. We are making progress and we hope to have the Manuel com- pleted in the near future. Aseptic Milk As this report is being written we are receiving re- quests for us to inspect aseptic processing operations in Pennsylvania and Kansas. This would be a major expansion of our milkshed; however, the volumnes of milk would be relatively small. One of the markets being targeted for this product in Massachusetts is the Elderly Nutrition Programs and we have received many requests to allow the product to be made available by the directors of these programs. Milk Flavor Program We presently have 18 milk plants participating in the milk flavor program. Leo Cormier heads up the pro- gram and he is the only flavor expert on the Bureau of 20 Dairying staff. The program is completely voluntary and interest in the program remains at a relatively mild level. Just as this fiscal year was drawing to a close we learned that Mr. Cormier was planning to resign his position with the Department of Food and Agriculture and we aie. presently evaluating this situation. Staff We have been at full staff for the past year except for our Supervising Inspector. George Pittman who was our Supervising Inspector for several years, retired on July 1, 1987. Mr. Pittman was replaced by Anthony Burgess on August 16, 1987, and Mr. Burgess is doing a fine job in that position. In November of 1987 we were fortunate to be able to employ Karen Dixon of Holbrook, who has taken over the work of Anthony Burgess in the Worcester County area when Mr. Burgess moved up to the Supervising Inspector's position. As of June 30, 1988 we have 11 Inspectors, 3 Senior Inspectors, 1 Supervising Inspector, 1 Chief and 2 Secretaries. FARMS Dairy Farms Inspected 7,650 Approved 6,076 Not Approved 1,574 Dairy Farms Reinspected 1,886 Approved 1,505 Not Approved 381 Ten day letters sent to producers on reinspection for failure to correct violations noted on the inspection report 212 Hearing's Held 15 Producers excluded for failure regulations after receiving a ten hearing being held to comply with the day letter and/or a 15 Producers reinstated 15 Other Farm Visits 1,497 Milk Plants Inspected 60 Approved 50 Not Approved 10 Plants Spot checked 46 Dealer Visits 434 SAMPLES Water Samples Collected 233 Milk Samples Collected 33 MASTITIS PROGRAM Herds Sampled 545 Cows Sampled 30,145 Samples Collected 118,756 I.M.S. SAMPLING SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM Bulk Tank Samplers Checked 8 Bulk Tank Trucks Checked 205 I.M.S. DAIRY FARM INSPECTION PROGRAM Massachusetts Dairv Farms Rated 172 U.S.D.A. DRY MILK SAMPLING PROGRAM Days Sampling Skim Milk Powder 0 MILK FLAVOR PROGRAM Milk Samples Flavored 17,681 Bureau of Dairying Personnel traveled a total of 379,169 miles during the fiscal year to accomphsh this work. 21 Bureau of Farm Products James M. Cassidy, Chief With the retirement of key field personnel and the resulting need to train new inspectors to accom- modate its many services, the Bureau of Farm Products underwent some major changes in 1988. The Bureau of Farm Products administers a diver- sified quality-control program for farm products, includ- ing the Federal-State Fruit and Vegetable Shipping Point Inspection Service. It also enforces truth-in-labeling laws for feed, seed, fertilizer and limestone, regulates certain produce-branding labeling and storage laws, and collects more than $100,000 annually in product registration and inspection fees. In addition, the Bureau publishes a week- ly wholesale Apple Report Hsting market prices and storage-holding information. Because of the complexity of the various regulated products, the Bureau's new inspectors were selected with a great deal of thought regarding their ability to be trained and to perform effectively in this inspectional field. Our young field staff is now fully trained and licensed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which allows them to issue federal certificates attesting to the quality, condition and grade of Massachusetts produce ship- ments. In addition, the inspectors analyze and test control- led-atmosphere apple storage rooms; sjunple feed, seed and fertilizer for testing at the West Experiment Station at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst; inspect and regulate produce at wholesale markets, retail store and farm stands for conformance to certain labeling and branding laws; keep accurate records of such transac- tions; and perform other related duties as required by the Bureau. 1988 also brought a remarkable improvement in the facilities and testing equipment at the West Experiment Station. Ail of our feed, seed and fertilizer samples are analyzed at this station for conformance with the label. A new computer program designed to sort out the various grades and blends of fertilizer used on Mas- sachusetts soils was introduced during this year. The Uniform Fertilizer Tonnage Reporting System (UFTRS) was developed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the entire program package was donated by TVA to the Bureau so that tonnage reports would become more accurate. During this year 90,495 tons of fertilizer was applied to our soils. Fruit & Vegetable Inspection Demand for our inspection services again was weighted heavily toward export apples, primarily those shipped to the United Kingdom and Canada. Apples also were inspected for shipment to California, where demand has been increasing steadily. All totalled, more than 126,000 bushels of Massachusetts apples carried federal- state inspection certificates for export. The export apple inspections are of major impor- tance, primarily because of the demand for controlled-at- mosphere stored apples, including our valuable Mcintosh variety and quaUty packs. Mcintosh apples cannot be grown successfully in European countries. The control- led-atmosphere method of storing apples greatly lengthens the marketing season, allowing shipment of apples in good condition well into June. Inspection certificates also are issued for potatoes and onions in the Connecticut Valley, and for cranberries on Cape Cod. Feed Program Some 2,975 labels of animal feed, pet food and medi- cated feed ingredients were reviewed and registered during the year. Samples of products offered for sale were drawn and tested at the West Experiment Station. Fertilizer Program A total of 1220 labels of fertilizer were reviewed and registered. Tonnage taxes were assessed and collected semi-annually. Assessment penalties in shortage of guarantee level were levied, with fines collected turned back to farmers or submitted to the state Treasury. Seed Program Bureau inspectors tested 715 official samples of seed,crop seed, vegetables, lawn mixtures, flower tree and shrub seed, etc., for truth in labeling. Stop-sale orders were issued on violations, involving seed packages. Seed was removed if it showed poor germination, noxious weeds, or other unfit characteristics. Violations were sent to the USDA Seed Branch for further action. 22 Lime Program 39 limestone brands and grades were registered and checked for conformance to labeling during the fiscal year. Branding Law Inspections were made at farms and at wholesale, retail, and roadside markets to enforce apple, potato and native laws. Misbranded products were relabeled or removed from sale. More than 3,000 retail stores and many packing-house operations were inspected. Storage Laws: Records are kept on cold-storage and controUed-at- mosphere apple rooms in order to check compliance with storage laws, thereby allowing those products to move into certain market areas of the country. Conclusion The Bureau, through strict adherence to laws, grades, label reviews and other essential data, has done much to upgrade the quaUty and condition of farm products of- fered for sale in Massachusetts. These programs reflect general crop conditions and market situations. The uniform laws and grades allow for products in interstate and export commerce. Working with other states, the USDA, the Food and Drug Administration and various regulated industries, the Bureau and the Department have helped foster the marketing of high-quality products. BUREAU OF FARM PRODUCTS STATISTICS Seed Inspection Program - samples officially tested, Fruit And Vegetable Inspection Revenue fiscal year 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 Agriculture 61 73 47 54 63 Mixtures (L^wii)33 80 68 73 75 Vegetables 361 537 551 421 467 Flowers 101 158 115 104 110 Sprouts 10 _ 3 _ _ TOTAL 566 848 784 654 715 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 Apples $8,678.15 9,218.41 7,972.74 6,375.35 8,861.51 Cranberry 280.00 1,321.00 140.00 700.00 420 Onions 314.02 _ _ _ _ Potatoes 920.24 469.00 66.69 41.85 100.00 TOTAL 10,192.41 11,008.41 8,179.43 7,117.20 9,381.51 Feed Fertilizer and Lime Registration calendar year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Feed/a 1,992 2,100 2,035 2,173 2,475 Fertilizer/b 810 1,000 980 926 1,110 Fertilizer/c 20 26 27 30 30 Lime 32 26 35 35 36 Feed, Fertilizer and Lime Revenue calendar year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Feed/a $49,800 $52,500 $50,875 $54,325 61,875 FerliliMr/b 20,250 25,000 24,500 23,150 27,750 Ferlilizer/c 2,500 3,250 3,375 3,750.00 3.750 Lime/d 800 650 875 875 900 Ferlillzer/e 11,888.14 14,475.00 14,773.84 14,795.10 14,500 Fertilizer/f 7,101.30 7,84230 8,656.67 7,073.20 7,100 TOTAL : $103,968.30 /a Brands /d Brands /b Specialty brands /e Tonnage /c Commercial plants /f Penalties • Registrations and revenue are collected on a calen- dar year for feed and fertilizer. . Revenue generated by inspection and registration fees totalled $125,256.51. 23 Bureau of Milk Marketing John B. Kelley, Chief The Boston fluid milk market serves a population of 8 million people. It encompasses Massachusetts, Southern New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and parts of Connecticut. The increase in the commercial disap- pearance of milk along with declining support prices continues to cause extreme tightness in the raw milk available in this market. Through 1988, premiums continued to be market- driven. Along with the RCMA premium, there were ad- ditional over-order premiums. As in the past, prices in the Boston market remained competitive with other regions of the country. In other areas affecting milk marketing in Mas- sachusetts during 1988, the Massachusetts Producer Security Trust Fund showed continued growth. Under Massachusetts General Law Chapter 10, Section 49, Chapters 20 and 21, C.M.R. 8.00, independent producers shipping to proprietary handlers pay five cents per hundredweiglit into the Fund. Receiving handlers make payment to the Department before the twenty-fifth day of the month for milk received during the previous two payment periods. All payments are cross-checked by the Bureau against audited receipts on a monthly basis. Proceeds are invested by the state Treasurer in the Municipal Depository Trust. Proprietary handlers with Massachusetts producer payrolls are required to post bond or other security, regardless of whether the receiving handler is located in-state or out-of-state. The security posted must equal the value of payment for one payment period plus ten percent. There is no limit on this bond. The security must comply with provisions of Massachusetts General Law Chapter 94, Section 42, and is reviewed on an ongoing basis. The Bureau continues its policy of licensing fluid milk handlers operating in Massachusetts, retail estab- lishments selling milk in the Commonwealth, bulk tank drivers, and individuals testing milk for butterfat content. Educational seminars for bulk tank drivers were held in different parts of the state during the year. Under Mass. General Laws Chapter 94, the butterfat inspector continued to cross-test and check both on-farm and in-plant verifying payment to producers. An automatic data processing management system is used for all licensing, security fund, and bonding data input. 24 Pesticide Bureau Jeffrey Carlson, Chief D uring FY88 the Pesticide Bureau continued im- plementation of a number of important projects. Rights-of-Way Management The Rights-of-Way Management Regulations became effective in June 1987 and development of a program began in ernest. The Department has been receiving 5-year Vegetation Management Plans and Yearly Operat- ing Plans for review to assure right-of-way maintenance is in accordance with the regulations. The Department of Food and Agriculture and the Department of Environmental Protection have begun a review of herbicides proposed for use in sensitive areas along rights-of-way. This review will generate a list of recommended herbicides for use in sensitive areas in order to protect public health and the environment. The Department will also issue or approve for use herbicide fact sheets that must be included in the Yearly Operating Plans. In addition, the Department will be implementing a program to work with local boards of health to identify private water supplies along rights-of-ways. According to the regulations, private wells must be reported to the Board of Health and signs must be posted along the rights-of-way in order to maintain a buffer zone around the well. Corn Herbicide Study The second year of a study to assess the leaching potential of corn herbicides has been completed. This project, which is being conducted by the University of Massachusetts, is studying the ability of alachlor, atrazine and metolachlor to leach down to ground water. The corn herbicides were appUed at two sites which were chosen to represent highly vulnerable locations where contamination is most likely to occur. Results of this study will be used to assess the environmental fate of the three herbicides and to make regulatory decisions regard- ing their use in Massachusetts. The study is being spon- sored by the Monsanto Chemical Company which manufactures alachlor. Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) The computer Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) is now operational following the loading of weather data into the model. PRZM is a computer model which simu- lates the applicator of a pesticide and predicts its leaching potential. The model allows the user to vary the condi- tions of applications and observe the resultant leaching. The pesticide characteristics, appUcation rates, timing, soil types, cropping practices and weather conditions can be altered. Weather data from four locations throughout the state was added to the program to represent the subclimates present in Massachusetts. The model will be used to assist in the assessment of pesticide leaching potential. Pesticide License/Certification Licensing and certification of pesticide applicators is an essential component of the pesticide regulatory func- tion of the Department. As a result, the Department ensures to the public that individuals are licensed and meet the minimum competency requirements pertaining to the use of pesticides. As in previous years, the Depart- ment approved approximately 100 apphcator training sessions. Renewals New Total Commercial Certification 2,086 350 2,436 Private Certification 1,633 252 1,885 Apphcator License 787 465 1,252 Dealer License 116 12 128 Total 4,622 1,079 5,701 These figures indicate the total number of licenses and certifications issued by the Department for pesticide use inFY88. Enforcement Last year four additional inspectors were added to the Enforcement Program and as a result, the Department was able to respond to all legitimate complaints. Number of Complaints Received 84 Withdrawn 3 Investigated/not pesticide related 8 Referred to EPA 1 Received from EPA 1 25 Complaints Investigated Distributor 1 License/Certification 8 Commercial Trees/Shrubs 5 Lawn care 14 Residential 14 Termite 5 Institutional general pest control 7 Storage/Disposal 1 Right-of-Way 1 Private (no license or certification required) Potatoes 1 Mosquitoes 1 Corn 1 Cranberry 1 Greenhouse 2 Fly Control 3 Institutional general pest control 1 Storage/Disposal 1 Wood Preservative 1 Weed Control 3 In addition to inspections and investigations con- ducted in response to complaints, the Pesticide Bureau also conducted affirmative inspections of pesticide users. The intent of these inspections is to assure compUance with Department regulations, review record keeping pro- cedures and provide general oversight. Number and Type of Affirmative Ii ispections Restricted Dealers 38 Marketplace 168 Product Cancellations 65 Producer Establishment Inspections 26 Experimental Use Permits 6 Emergency Exemptions 2 Agricultural Applicator Use Observations 6 Commercial Applicator Use Observations 23 Record Inspections Private 27 Commercial 70 Enforcement Actions Administrative Order Misuse of a pesticide 3 License/Certification 18 Cease and Desist use Records Distribution w/o permit Distribution of damaged product Use of un-registered pesticide 2 Use of restricted use product by uncertified applicator 1 Distribution of unregistered pesticide 4 Use in a careless manner Imposition of restrictions 1 Notification License Denial Adjudicatory Hearing Criminal Complaints Letter of Warning Civil 63 2 1 2 26 Bureau of Plant Pest Control Peter C. Kuzniiski, Chief Nursery Inspections The annual inspection of nurseries was completed on September 1, 1988. Five inspectors and a foreman inspec- tor were employed for this work starting on July 1. Our inspection certificates expire on July 1 of each year. New nurseries are inspected subsequent to July 1 as they be- come known. The summer inspection crew consisted of temporary personnel usually recruited from the local colleges or schools, and apphcants must have had courses in entomology or related subjects. While no unusual infestations of plant pests were found in the nurseries, the following insects and diseases were found during the summer inspection period: Japanese Beetle, Aphids, White Fly, White Pine Weevil, Spruce Gall, Black Vine Weevil, Pine Tip Borer, Leaf Gall, Leaf Spot and Powdery Mildew. Nurseries inspected this year amounted to 310. There were 46 greenhouses inspected and certified. It should be noted that due to both organic and chemical pest controls, pest problems in the nurseries are being kept to a mini- mum. Agent's licenses issued to individuals and estab- Ushments numbered 335. The chart below describes the fee system imposed upon the inspection of nurseries and greenhouses, and registration of agents: Schedule of Inspection Fees NURSERIES less than one acre in stock $ 5.00 1 - 5 acres $15.00 6 - 25 acres $20.00 26 - 100 acres $25.00 Over 100 acres $35.00 Greenhouse (Not in nursery) $20.00 Agents $ 20.00 SPECIAL CERTIFICATION: State plant phytos issued 156 State Tree and Shrub seed certificates issued 369 Federal Plant phytos issued 75 Federal phytos for apple export 145 Ribes control-area permits for 70 Ribes plants 20 Houseplant inspection certificates 85 Survey and Trapping Surveys were conducted for presence of Golden Nematode, Red Steele Disease of Strawberry, and Gypsy Moth on lands around nurseries. Trapping was done for European Chafer outside the known infested area. GN, RS, and EC surveys were negative. The Gypsy Moth was found to be light to none on lands around the nurseries. TWo new certification programs were instituted this year: the growing of virus free strawberry plants and Cape American Beachgrass, (Ammophila breviliqulata Fern). Collaboration with USDA-APHIS Pest detection. Black Stem Rust, Postentry quaran- tine, insect, plant pathogen, soil and snail importations into this state were cooperative activities with APHIS. Forty one sites this year grew plants from foreign countries under Postentry quarantine No. 37. Five seasonal apiary inspectors were employed this year under direction of our Chief Apiary Inspector to inspect our honeybees. The inspection period usually starts around May 1 and ends October 31 each year. Honey plants such as Black Locust, Blackberry, Sumac, Basswood, Clover, Purple Loosestrife and Goldenrod secreted enough nectar to ensure an above average crop. Samples of bees were taken and examined for presence of the Tracheal Mite in conjunction with APHIS. Tracheal Mites were found in several colonies owned by two of our migratory beekeepers. There were no mites found in colonies of our hobbyist beekeepers. Over 500 samples of adult honeybees have been collected and ex- amined for tracheal mite using a laboratory at the Univer- sity of Massachusetts. Apiary inspectors have been trained and instructed to be on the lookout for Varroa mite and the Africanized honeybee. 27 The Defeat of the Animal Rights Referendum - "Save the Family Farm" by Diane Baedeker The 1988 election ballot in Massachusetts included four referendum questions. Question number three, a question relative to the humane treatment offami animals, asked voters if they approved of a law that would require the Commissioner of the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture to issue regulations to ensure that farm animals are maintained in good health and that cruel or inhumane practices are not used in the raising, han- dling or transportation of farm animals." The question was put on the ballot through the initiative petition pro- cedure in which the proponents of the referendum col- lected enough signatures to bypass the normal legislative process. Question Three did not receive as much pubhc atten- tion as the questions concerning the prevailing wage (#2) and nuclear power (#4). To many, it was not considered a serious issue. To Massachusetts farmers, it was a very serious issue. Its proponents claim that inhumane farming practices exist in Massachusetts; especially in the raising of veal calves and poultry. They contended that veal calves are kept in enclosures that do not allow them to stand up. He down, groom themselves or turn around. They also claimed that laying hens are housed in overcrowded cages and that male chicks, of no use to the egg producers, are disposed of by grinding them alive or suffocating them in plastic bags. Furthermore, they demand the use of anesthetics or the presence of a veterinarian for surgical procedures such as castration and dehorning. Opponents of the bill asserted that the state already has sufficient regulation in this area. Any new regulations would prove so expensive to Massachusetts family farmers that many would have to go out of business. The implications of this are far reaching; if farms go out of business, the state economy would suffer, food prices would rise, and farmers would be forced to sell out to developers thus diminishing the amount of open space in the state. The issue received much national attention within the agricultiu-al sector. Other states were watching what would happen in Massachusetts because of the precedent that would be set for similar legislation in their own states. They feared that the referendum would pass be cause Massachusetts is not a "major agricultural state and its citizenry largely unaware of agricultural practices and issues, and the implications of such a law. The Players The issue was raised by animal rights activists, many of whom are members of organizations such as the Coali- tion to End Animal Suffering and Exploitation (CEASE) and Citizens for Humane Farming, an offshoot organiza- tion of CEASE. Formed about 10 years ago in Massachusetts, CEASE claims to have a diverse membership of about 20,000 with a core of 20 to 30 volunteers. According to Steven Ronan, one of the organization's leaders, members include professors, students, housewives - anyone who is con- cerned about animal welfare. CEASE is a fund-raising organization and is one of some 20 regional groups. Ronan said that their efforts in Massachusetts are not part of a national scheme but they hope for spillover effects to other states. The group is also involved in opposing the use of animals for laboratory testing, and their fur and skins in the manufacture of clothing. On the other side of the issue were several factions. The primary group opposing the referendum were those that would be directly affected - the farmers. The many organizations that represent the agricultural interests stood behind them; groups such as the Department of Food and Agriculture, the Farm Bureau, United Cooperative farmers. Trustees of Reservations and the Vcirious local farm and commodity groups. The national and local Grange also opposed Question 3. The official Grange response summed up the views of many opponents, "The Grange shares everyone's respect for humane treatment of all animals, and we beheve that livestock and poultry producers are in the most ad- vantageous position to determine the most humane treat- ment of animals. Millions of dollars and countless hours have been spent doing in-depth research which has resulted in today's modern husbandry practices. The well-being of farm animals is essential to the success of the livestock and poultry operation. Moreover, the Mas- sachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture has an existing system of animal protection, along with the exist- ing network of humane agencies in Massachusetts, that effectively addresses the concerns outlined in the referen- dum." Members of Farm Bureau and other agricultural or- ganizations combined their opposition efforts under an 28 ad hoc organization called Save the Family Fann. This organization was responsible for all campaigning against the referendum. The humane organizations such as the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the Animal Rescue League did not support the referendum as it was currently written. The Strategies According to August Schumacher, Jr., state Commis- sioner of Food and Agriculture, the Save the Family Farm strategy was clear cut and five pronged: » Define their message early, that is, - "Save the Family Farm." • Win the early support of the Governor, the legisla- ture, and the Commissioner. • Keep the issue a local one, keep national lobbyists out. • Get the message out to every editorial board in the state early. The Commissioner, Farm Bureau and many farmers personally spoke with virtually every editor. • Save the paid media campaign until the last few weeks. Schumacher explained that they simply tried to keep CEASE off-balance and reacting to the Save the Family Farm messages which were changed frequently. Funds for the campaign were very limited, most com- ing from small contributions. Early in the campaign, funds were used for signs, bumper stickers, buttons, and printed literature; in the last week before the election for television advertisements. The CEASE strategy, as recoimted by Steven Ronan, consisted of the following: • Keep the attention focused on animal welfare issues. De-emphasize issues such as drugs administered to farm animals and their possible impact on pubhc health. CEASE felt peripheral issues such as this would not help the primary issue of animal welfare. • Send core members out on the editorial office circuit. • Trv to get free air time on television. Funds for television advertising were Umited. • Buy a full page ad in the Boston Globe to appear for one day during the last week of the campaign. The Media Telegram, supported i\i& Save the Family Farm movement through news articles, feature articles and editorials. The Boston Herald called it the "Booby-prize BUI" and the "silhest bill of the year". The Worcester Telegram, in its Viewpoint section said that the initiative petition process was abused by CEASE and that CEASE's "hidden agenda seems to be to promote a vegetarian life style, even if that means driving the cost of farming in Massachusetts so high as to effectively destroy the industry." Pork 88, a national trade magazine for the pork in- dustry, featured the issue as a national one with a side bar on the Massachusetts situation. "Why worry about farm animals in Massachusetts?" wrote Marlys Miller, "Be- cause it's the kind of state - politically hberal, primarily industrial, urban and financially comfortable - that is rich soil to plant model legislation dictating how to raise live- stock. If it takes root there, it can be cultivated on a grander scale - on your farm - via Capitol Hill." The Election Results Question 3 was defeated by Massachusetts voters 71% to 29% on November 8th, a surprisingly resounding defeat considering that fact that the question was rather benign, most people naturally being in favor the animal welfare. Mabel Owen, Director of Animal Health for Massachusetts said in the Pork 88 article, "The sum- mary...sounds like motherhood, apple pie and warm fuz- zies. The voter has no way of knowing how the state will be affected or that food prices will change." In Retrospect Steven Ronan feels that CEASE was outnumbered, outmaneuvered and out-financed. While their few mem- bers were out collecting signatures for the petition, the opposition made a sweep of the editorial boards. They were fighting organized and well established groups. Commissioner Schumacher's analysis of the cam- paign: "CEASE underestimated the opposition, overes- timated the power of their message and did not campaign very hard." He observed that CEASE was always on the defensive, only able to react to the opposition's messages. Animal rightists say that they will not give up on this issue. With the issue defeated in Massachusetts for now, they say the focus must now turn to other states. While media coverage for Question 3 was not as heavy as for the other referenda, the contact with editorial boards by the Massachusetts Farm Bureau, Commis- sioner Schumacher and the farmers evidently paid off because all the major newspapers, i.e. the Boston Globe, the Boston Herald, the Middlesex News and the Worcester 29 Massachusetts Agricultural Mission to Israel and Holland by Diane Baedeker Since the dawn of civilization, Israel has been a crossroads and a battlefield sitting at the junction of Europe, Asia and Africa. It is a country and a people that has learned much about destruction, rebuilding and sur- vival in a hostile climate. History books tell us that this is the birthplace of agriculture. Flint sickles have been found dating back to 14,000 to 7500 BC, the Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) period suggesting that man had progressed from gather- ing plants to cultivating them. What have the Israehs learned in those many thousand of years? What can we learn from them and what can they learn from us? In search of an answer to these question, sixteen members of the Massachusetts agricultural community journeyed to Israel on January 23, 1988. The members were from a variety of backgrounds - growers. Coopera- tive Extension agents, and Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture staff. The 12-day trip was planned and hosted by the Department of Food and Agriculture at the invitation of the Israel Ministry of Agriculture. The tour was ex- panded to include Holland, a country with a climate more similar to ours that has made much progress in extended season growing, hydroponics and marketing. The group departed New York's Keimedy Airport by way of a Pan Am shuttle flight from Boston and a transfer to the international terminal. Security boarding El Al, the nation airhne of Israel, was very tight. The Intefadeh or Palestinian uprising had begun one month earher. Each passenger was interrogated before being al- lowed to proceed to the gate area: Who packed your suitcase? Did anyone give you anything, such as a suit- case, package or letter, to take aboard the plane? How well do you know the people you are travelling with? Why do you want to go to Israel? Who paid for your trip? Do you really make enough money to pay for this trip your- self? Who do you Uve with? What nationality are they? The hne of questioning that I received seemed more probing than the others in the group reported. I must have fit a certain profile of which they were suspicious. Israel When the Boeing 747 landed in Tel Aviv, I noticed cultivated date palms growing right up to the edge of the runway at Ben Gurion Airport. This was a portent of what we would find to be the basis of Israeh agriculture: making the most of limited resources. Climate The climate of Israel is rather different from that of New England. The country, which is about the size of New Jersey, encompasses several climatic zones: Mediterranean climate, Steppe climate, desert climate, and extreme desert climate. The temperature in the fer- tile coastal zone ranges from the mid-forties to the mid- sixties in January. It was in the upper half of that range while we were there. Although the cUmate is warm by New England stand- ards, Israeh farmers do extend their season through the use of greenhouses and plastic coverings. Israel is self- supporting for most of its food supply so winter crops are important. Crops are uncovered during the warm days and recovered at night. When the plastic is removed for the season, it is burned, leaving black charred areas on the ground and plastic fragments to be blown away by the wind. Types of Farm Establishments In the northern Hadera region, we visited green- houses on both types of Israeh farm establishments - the Moshave and the Kibbutz. The moshave is analogous to our farming system. It is a community of families that work their own land but market their products coopera- tively. The kibbutz is a cooperative farming settlement where the residents labor for the whole community. Each resident is given lodging and spending money in return. Kibbutz decisions are communal and education is provided for the children. We ventured into a corner of the occupied territories to visit an P2destinian village where a farmer was growing greenhouse cucumbers and tomatoes. The town was poverty stricken. The streets were deep mud through which some residents were travelling on donkeys. Houses were simple cement "blocks" on stilts. Despite the poor conditions, the farmer reported success in grow- ing his crops in greenhouses and under row covers. The tour group was invited onto the farmhouse porch for bitter Arabian coffee served unadorned in small handle- less cups. Irrigation Drip irrigation is widespread due to Israel's severe water shortage. The Sea of GaUlee in the north, is theprimary source of fresh water for entire country. 30 Nearly half of the country's 1.1 miUion acres of farmland are under irrigation. Not a drop of water is wasted; even decorative plants along the highways and on city streets are drip irrigated. Miles of black tubing keeps Israel growing whUe conserving water and much of the irriga- tion is computerized. . Israel has become so proficient in this area that it even exports irrigation systems. Product Exports The major crops that Israel produces for export are citrus fruits, flowers, vegetables, olives, dates, pomegranates, and persimmons. Most products are sold through marketing cooperatives and exported under a common brand name such as Jaffa oranges and Carmel flowers. Exports are mostly to Europe via ship, due to its proximity, but some are sent by air to South America, Mexico and the United States. Products to be sent by air are brought to Ben Gurion Airport near Tel Aviv and shipped out of the Agrexco Freight Terminal. The ter- minal has state of the art equipment for keeping the produce as fresh as possible - computerized refrigeration and transportation systems - during the short time it is stored there. Shipments by sea embark from the bustling port of Haifa to the north. Only the best quality products are exported. Any second-rate produce is kept for internal consumption andmuch of that produce is sold at the open air market which covers severed city blocks in Tel Aviv. Similar to, but larger than Boston's Haymarket, the Tel Aviv market offers products from fruits and vegetables to cured fish and meats displayed uncovered. Land Shortage With the minimal amount of arable land in Israel (about half the country is ju-id) not a meter is left unused. Crops are planted to the edge of highways and under seemingly insurmountable conditions. In the desert region of Negev, several miles from the Gaza strip, a former New Yorker named Suzy grows flowers in sand. Through the use of drip irrigation, she produces Baby's Breath and Statice, as well as some vegetables. She and many other farmers are utilizing land that no one else wants. In the central part of the country, between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, an IsraeU name Nogah Hareuvani and an American, Helen Frenkley, 20 years ago took 500 acres of virtual wasteland on the then-Jordanian border and transformed it into a reserve for biblical flora and fauna. Neot Kedumim is situated on land that no one else wanted for physical and political reasons. Today it is a popular stop for tourists as well as an educational center for local schools and universities. Packing and Processing We toured the Carmel Flower packing plant, the Jaffa Orange packing plant and the Hazera seed processing plant. The flowers are sorted and packed by hand, the seeds are also sorted by hand. The Jaffa plant is fully automated although the oranges are hand inspected. Crates of oranges are given a special bar code that is read by a device using a laser beam. This allows the crates to be sorted by count. Research Agricultural research is conducted at several institu- tions in Israel. The Volcani Agricultural Research In- stitute, is testing new carnation varieties. Variations included coloring and number of flowers per stem. One variety appeared to be dead, but the researcher assured us it was alive and becoming very popular with florists in Europe for use in arrangements. We were asked to participate in a marketing test for olive varieties grown at the institute. Some eight varieties were laid out in bowls and numbered randomly. We were asked to taste them and rate each on such quahties as pungency, color, texture, and oiUness. The test is con- ducted with all groups that visit the institute so that the best tasting olive can be developed based on the charac- teristics that are most well received. Our guide in Israel, Dan Dikstein, was a full-time tour guide and part-time chicken farmer. He was extremely knowledgeable about Israel's agriculture and a colorful speaker. He was, however, reluctant to talk about the current crisis. Most Israelis that we met encouraged us to teU people at home in the U.S. that the situation is distorted by the media. Dan assured us that it was safe to walk the streets of Tel Aviv at night as long as we stayed on the main thoroughfares such as Ben Yehuda Street and Disengoff Street. "Go for a walk, have a coffee," he said. And walk we did. Every night after dinner at our hotel, the Grand Beach, we strolled the sidewalks of Tel Aviv, some of them crowded, some of them quiet, with their little shops closed for the night. We enjoyed the international flavor of the city - falafel, blinztes towering with whipped cream and cappuccino or Arabian coffee. Israel boasts its own fast food chain - they call it MacDavid's. Interspersed with our visits to agricultural operations, were stops at several historical and/or biblical sites. The day that we travelled north of Tel Aviv, Dan brought us to Caesaria by the Sea, a city built by King Herod on the Mediterranean shore. Much of the fortified city is now in ruins, but the ampitheater, with the Mediterranean as it backdrop, still stands and is used today for current per- forming artists from around the world. Herod chose the site of Caesaria for its beauty rather than it amenities. There was no source of fresh water at the site so he built 31 an aqueduct to bring water from a source some 18 miles away. Parts of the aqueduct still remain on the beach nearby, burnished gold by the setting sun each evening since Herod's reign. Tel Aviv is a "young" city, founded just 75 years ago. It is mju-ked by high rise office buildings and resort hotels along its Mediterranean beaches. On the city's southern perimeter, stands the old city of Jaffa, the original part of Tel Aviv dating back thousands of years. Jewish tradition says that Noah's son Japheth founded the city after the great flood. There are many other references to Jaffa in both the Bible and in Greek mythology. The crest of the highest hill in Jaffa offers a panoramic view of modern Tel Aviv. The latter part of our stay in Israel brought us to Jerusalem. Approaching the city from the northeast, we viewed it for the first time from the Mount of Olives. The city spread out before us, a sprawling sculpture of white limestone, interrupted only by the golden Dome of the Rock. A city ordinance ensures that the visual unity is maintained by requiring that all new buildings be con- structed of limestone. I was the target of the only violence our group en- countered and that was of an agricultural nature. As we were walking through the winding streets of old Jerusalem, passing through the Moslem quarter, I came upon and old Palestinian woman sitting on the cobbles- tones selUng vegetables. Wearing traditional clothes and with her lined and weathered face, I thought she would make an interesting picture. I stopped about five feet away, and was focussing my camera when she picked up a Softball sized onion and threw it at me. Her aim was true but I ducked in time to save myself and my camera. Unfortunately I did not get the picture. While it is true that we did not see any real violence, neither did we really enter the troubled areas. Tension was felt only in Jerusalem where, due to the Moslem strike, all shops in the Christian and Moslem quarters were closed. Streets that should have been bustling bazaars were deadly quiet. The army is omnipresent in all parts of the country. Holland From Israel we moved on to spend a few days in Holland. There we found the complete agricultural an- tithesis of Israel. The land is extremely wet. Farmland is bounded and bisected by narrow canals that catch the run off from the soil. The city of Amsterdam has a network of canals that serve many functions. They are a means of transportation for goods and people, and they are home to those that live in house boats moored along the sides of the canals. Land Use Open farmland is used for the grazing of dairy cows and sheep, cheese a major product of the Netherlands, as well as for orchards and some crops. Flowers, the country's premier product, are grown primarily under glass. Greenhouse growing is extensive in Holland. One area, know as the "glass city", as acres of land covered by greenhouses. The only open spaces are the streets and the canals. The Dutch keep their greenhouses in near- sterile condition. Spotlessly clean, they are sectioned off so that visitors cannot enter growing areas, but only look through the glass. Dutch growers also use drip irrigation, although not as extensively as the Israelis, and almost exclusively in- doors. They are also doing much experimentation in the area of soilless growing. Crops are grown in a variety of mediums including rock wool. Marketing One of the major vehicles for exporting the Netherlands' large flower crop is the Aalsmere Flower Auction. The auction building has a total floor area of 320,000 square meters. The auction is actually a growers cooperative. Over 4,000 flower and plant growers are members and joint owners of the auction building. Buyers from all over the world including exporters, wholesalers, retail florists and street vendors, participate in the auc- tion. The Aalsmere building has six auditorium style auc- tion rooms. At the from of the room are two "clocks" each with a hand that rotates and stops on the bidding price when a buyer pushes a button. Flowers move through the front of the room on racks pulled by a track system. Only fifteen minutes elapse between auctioning and delivery to buyer. Holland has an identical auction for selling vegetables, though not as large. Here the clock system is also used. Conclusion All of the sixteen tour participants returned home with and enhanced view of global agriculture, and each will use the information in ways that is sure to benefit Bay State farming. The Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture is continuing an exchange of research information with the Israel Ministry of Agriculture. NOTE: All participants of this tour travelled at their own expense. 32 Massachusetts Founding Farms Cultivators of Our National Heritage Massachusetts is, of course, the cradle of American history. So much of our country's heritage was forged right here, from the Old North Church to Lexi- ngton and Concord where the embattled farmers fired the "Shot Heard 'Round the World." We take great pride in our history and perhaps noth- ing in Massachusetts has more history than our farms. The Pilgrims began farming not long after landing at Plymouth Rock in 1620, sowing the seeds for what would become a rich tradition, a tradition that still thrives some 360 years later. Today, Massachusetts counts more than 6,000 farms and they produce nearly $500 million of food and other products each year. Of that number, 39 working farms have been in the same family for 200 years or more. This is truly a remeu^kable achievement. With the encouragement of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture honored these 39 farms in Septem- ber, 1988, as part of the national celebration of the 200th anniversary of the U.S. constitution. Other state depart- ments of agriculture also commemorated bicentennial farms in their states. The farms are found across the state, from the seaside communities of the North Shore to the scenic mountains of the Berkshires. They include the grande dame of Mas- sachusetts farms - Appleton Farms in Ipswich (which date to 1638) - to the "baby" of the bunch, 202-year-old Bridgemont Farm in the Hampshire County town of Wes- thampton. The 39 farms produce a wide variety of products: milk, vegetables, small fruit, tree fruit, hay, timber, flowers, and 20th century innovations Hke cattle embryo transplants. But perhaps the most important contribution of these farms is continuity. They represent a way of life estab- hshed long before our country was founded. When a farm is passed on from generation to generation it lends a stability that is all too rare in today's world. At least one of these farms has four generations Uving on the farm. Fascinating stories abound in this collection of historic farms. A coin toss decided ownership of the Colchester Farm in Plympton in 1866. the Churchill brothers - Thomas and James - found the farm could not support both their famiUes when they returned from the Civil War. A nip of the coin gave Thomas the farm and sent James and his family West to seek it fortune. The Shakers of Hancock Shaker Village in Pittsfield introduced the idea of selling seed in paper packets. Elsie the Borden Cow was born and bred on the Elm Hill Farm in Brookfield; the same farm was home to Bathsheba Spooner, the last woman hanged in Massachusetts. Just about every one of the farms has it own interesting tale. In September, 1988, we saluted them not only be- cause of their past, but because of the hope they give us for the future of agriculture in Massachusetts - 360 years old and still going strong. Berkshire County Hancock Shaker Village ■ Rjdge view Farm - 17m Sunsett Farm - 1736 1783 Essex Counly Appleton Farm - 1638 Arrowhead Farm - 1683 Barker Farm - 1642 Clark Farm - 1728 Cobblers Brook Farm - 1670 Cold Springs Farm - 1650 Franklin County Burnett Farm - 1781 Griswold Farm - 1783 Gunn Farm, Inc. - 1745 Meadow View Farm - 1770 Mt. Toby Farm -1775 Scott Farm - 1782 Woodslawn - 1784 Hampden County Gibraltar Farm - 1762 The Kelso Homestead Farm - 1779 Hampshire County Arthur Cory Bardwell Farm - 1683 Bridgemont Farm - 1786 Double BBR Farm -1753 Luther Belden, Inc. - 1719 Mayval Farm - 1778 Phelps Farm - 1751 Warner Farm - 1771 Wolf Hill Farm -1764 Middlesex County Pilot Grove Farm - 1681 Plymouth County Colchester Farm - 1761 Worcester County Ashland Farm - 1730 Balance Rock Farm - 1780 Charbrook Farm - 1757 Crawford-Bigelow Farm - 1736 Elm Hill Farm - 1780 Elm View Farm - 1715 Highloft Farm - 1716 Nourse Farm - 1722 Silvermine Farm - 1727 Stone Farm - 1765 Third Century Farmstead - 1724 33 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 Compiled by Thomas Gallagher, Statistician, Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture Data entered by Alexandrine Porter, Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture Berries 35 Cranberries 37 Christmas Trees 38 Feed Crops 40 Greenhouse and Nursery 41 Maple 43 Orchards 44 Tobacco 46 Vegetables 47 Wine Grape Vineyards 49 Apiaries 50 Dairy 51 Equine 54 Poultry 55 Agricultural Preservation Restriction 56 Compost 59 Farmers' Markets 61 Roadside Stands/Pick- Your-Own 63 Food Processing 64 State-owned Farmland 66 Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture Budget 67 34 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 BERRIES FARMS: 890 Acres by Berty Berry Blackberries Tame Blueberries Wild Blueberries Cranberries Raspberries Strawberries TOTAL Acres 7 370 449 12,091 94 372 13,383 County Distribution COUNTY FARMS PRODUCING ACRES WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS Berkshire Franklin Hampshire Hampden 18 31 43 43 25 265 137 272 Region Total 135 699 CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS Worcester 58 169 Region Total EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS Essex Middlesex Norfolk Suffolk Plymouth Bristol 58 51 32 18 439 60 169 103 54 63 10,649 422 Region Total CAPE COD AND THE ISLANDS Barnstable Dukes Nantucket 600 88 6 3 11,291 946 withheld withheld Region Total 97 not available State Total Source: 1987 Census of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Commerce 890 13,385 35 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 Small Fruit Production Trends BERRY 1982 Blackberries Tame Blueberries Wild Blueberries Cranberries Raspberries Strawberries 1987 (pounds ) 3,465 404,013 140,543 1, 194,692* 121,050 2,083,206 6,107 477,264 316,089 1,433,505* 148,588 1,506,102 ♦Barrels 36 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 CRANBERRIES ACREAGE: 12,142 productive, 580 not bearing, 12,722 total PRODUCTION: 1,861,000 barrels GROWERS: 498 (60% of growers manage 11 acres of bog) MARKET: 7 handlers Massachusetts produces approximately 48 percent of the U.S. crop. Cranberry production occurs in 45 communities in seven counties in eastern Massachusetts. Eighty percent of the total acreage is highly concentrated in a cluster of Plymouth county communities. Sixty-one percent of the Commonwealth's 498 growers msinage 11 acres of bog or less. Counties with Acreage in Cranberry Fruit County Communities % of All Acres Middlesex 1 <1% Worcester 1 <1% Norfolk 3 <1% Bristol 8 3% Nantucket 1 2% Barnstable 11 7% Plymouth 20 87% Dukes <1% 45 100% Plymouth County: The Nucleus of Cranberry Production Community % of All Acres Carver 24% Wareham 13% Plymouth 9% Rochester 8% Middleborough 8% 62% Cranberry Fruit: Productive Acres and Acres Not Yet Bearing Year Productive Non-Bearing Total Acres Acres 1986 11,644 1,093 12,737 1987 11,976 678 12,654 1988 12, 142 580 12,722 Source; Ocean Spray, 1988, New England Agricultural Statistics (USDA), and Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (USDA) 37 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 CHRISTMAS TREES ACREAGE: 6,000 acres, estimated PREDOMINANT SPECIES: spruces and firs PRODUCTION: 50,000 trees harvested in 1988 and expected to steadily increase. MARKET OUTLET: 95% of the trees are direct marketed at roadside. Production: Most Massachusetts, grown Christmas Trees are planted as seedling on farms, but a small percentage comes from natural stands. Depending on the species, it takes approximately eight years to grow a tree to the average retail sales height of feet. The Massachusett's harvest is estimated tobe 50,000 trees. Spruces and firs dominate the market. Farms producing: The Massachusetts industry is dominated by nearly 500 small operators most of which is family operated. Producers grow Christmas trees on a part-time basis or to supplement other farm related enterprises. Market Outlet: Growers market 95 percent of their trees at roadside to retail cusomers. Many growers open their tree farms as "choose and cut" to customers who want to select their own Christmas trees. Distribution of Christmas Tree Farms COUNTY GROWERS ACRES WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS Berkshire 32 389 Franklin 44 524 Hampshire 54 642 Hampden 72 862 Subtotal 202 2,417 CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS Worcester 124 1,489 Subtotal 124 1,489 EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS Essex 54 642 Middlesex 56 676 Norfolk 11 135 Plymouth 27 321 Bristol 20 236 168 2,010 CAPE COD AND THE ISLANDS Barnstable 6 34 Dukes n/a n/a Nantucket n/a n/a 6 34 TOTAL 500 5,950 Source: Massachusetts Christmas Tree Association 38 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 Distribution of Christmas Tree farms and land, 1988 Region Farms Acreage Western Massachusetts 2 02 2,417 Central Massachusetts 124 1,489 Eastern Massachusetts 168 2,010 Cape Cod and the Islands 6 34 State Total 500 5,950 Source: Massachusetts Christmas Tree Association and Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture 39 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 FEED CROPS* ACRES: FARMS: PRODUCTION: Hay* 121,000 acres 2,874 farms 251,000 tons (dry) Corn Silage 28,000 acres 604 farms 524,819 tons (green) Distribution of Hay and Corn Silage COUNTY HAY SILAGE CORN ACRES WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS Berkshire Franklin Hampshire Hampden 17,720 15,587 13,534 7,688 4,131 3,923 4,200 2,646 Total CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS Worcester 54,529 30,440 14,900 6,623 Total EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS Essex Middlesex Suffolk Norfolk Plymouth Bristol 30,440 9,286 9,810 3,295 5,462 8,089 6,623 757 1,211 not available 2,206 2,731 Total CAPE COD AND THE ISLANDS Barnstable Dukes Nantucket 35,942 not available 499 not available not available not available not available not available Total not available not available State Total 121,498 * Hay - Alfalfa, other tame, small grains, wild, grass silage, green chop, etc. Source: 1987 Census of Agriculture, United States Department of Commerce 28,463 40 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 GREENHOUSE & NURSERY FARMS: GROWING AREA: 824 (other sources believe this figure is conservative and may be over 1,000 operations) over 10,000,000 square feet under cover and in excess of 3200 acres in open ground MAJOR CROP CATEGORIES: noricuiture, nursery, vegetables, and sod MARKETING OUTLETS: retail florists, garden centers, farm stands, chain stores, wholesale market, and landscapers. Change in Production Area Sq ft under cover Acres in open 1982 8,261, ,749 2,605 1987 10,066, , 833 3,208 County Distribution, 1987 Square feet Acres in County Farms producing under cover the open WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS ========== Berkshire 32 286,409 withheld Franklin 54 284,578 525 Hampshire 60 783,354 160 Hampden 72 862,151 266 =====1 ========= == ===== Total 218 2,216,492 not available CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS Worcester 123 985,061 303 ========= == ===== ========== Total 123 985,061 303 EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS Bristol 86 1,204, 181 239 Essex 85 1,114,624 389 Middlesex 120 2,489,743 868 Norfolk 54 1,152,642 105 Plymouth 75 543,093 224 Suffolk 3 51,000 withheld Total 423 6,555,283 not available CAPE COD AND THE ISLANDS Barnstable 42 206,463 73 Dukes 12 29,434 7 Nantucket 6 74,100 withheld Total 60 309,997 not available STATE TOTAL 824 10,066,833 3,208 Source: 1987 Census of Agriculture. U.S. Department of Commerce 41 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 1987 County Business Patterns Landscape and Horticultural Services Employees, Payroll and the Number of Firms Number of Employees for the week including March 12 Payroll ($1,000) First Quarter Annual Firms . WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS Berkshire 109 Franklin 53 Hampshire 85 Hampden 346 228 135 190 1,087 2,095 886 1,543 6,589 44 17 29 93 Total 593 1,640 11,113 183 CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS Worcester 444 1,406 11,662 151 Total 444 1,406 11,662 151 EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS Essex 446 Middlesex 1,427 Norfolk 589 Suffolk 275 Plymouth 487 Bristol 434 1,546 4,854 1,679 1,623 1,507 1,005 12, 144 180 35,324 430 12,059 173 7,580 37 11,700 126 6,644 96 Total 3,658 12,214 85,451 1,042 CAPE COD AND THE ISLANDS Barnstable 500 Dukes 69 Nantucket 68 1,503 97 141 12, 170 1, 106 1,325 170 17 22 Total STATE 637 5,332 1,741 17,001 14,601 122,827 209 1,585 Landscape and horticultural services includes establishments engaged in landscape counseling and planning, lawn and garden services, and ornamental shrub and tree services. Source: 1987 County Business Patterns Massachusetts; U.S. Department ofCommerce 42 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 MAPLE PRODUCTION: 44,000 gallons VALUE: $1,610,000 PRODUCERS and PROCESSORS: 200 MARKET OUTLET: primarily retail sales Distribution of the Maple Industry COUNTY PERCENT of PRODUCERS and PROCESSORS Berkshire To Franklin 43 Hampshire 27 Hampden 8 Worcester 8 Other counties 4 Maple Syrup: Percentage by Type of Sale 1986 1987 1988 Retail Wholesale Bulk Production Trends Year Gallons ==== 1984 43,000 1985 42,000 1986 30,000 1987 28,000 1988 44,000 59 73 64 29 21 18 12 6 18 FACTS: • Maple production is highly concentrated in areas within Franklin and Hampshire counties. Located within are 70% of the state's 200 producers and processors. • Syrup production potential is 70,000 gallons. • Fifty percent of production is sold during sugaring season. The balance of the crop is sold between Thanksgiving and Christmas. • More sales are shifting into the retail category. Many producers are increasing sales through mail order. Sources: Massachusetts Maple Producers Association and New England Agricultural Statistics (USDA) 43 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 ORCHARDS* FARMS PRODUCING: ACREAGE: MARKET OUTLETS: Key Growing Areas 572 9380 virtually all of the fruit is produced for fresii market. An estimated50% of the crop is wholesale marketed. The residual is sold through roadside stands, pick-your-own operations and farmers' markets. • Nashoba Valley -Over 50% of the state's tree fruit acreage straddles the boundary of Worcester and Middlesex counties. • Connecticut River Valley - over 30 percent of the state's tree fruit acreage is found here. County Distribution COUNTY FAPIMS PRODUCING ACRES WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS Berkshire 27 Franklin 61 Hampshire 44 Hcimpden 68 250 1,157 943 923 Total 200 CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS Worcester 147 3,273 3,443 Total EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS Essex Middlesex Norfolk Plymouth Bristol 147 29 74 20 30 53 3,443 484 1,327 158 138 422 Total 206 CAPE COD AND THE ISLANDS Barnstable 9 Dukes 7 Nantucket not available 2,529 38 80 not available Total not available not available STATE TOTAL 572 9,379 •includes apples, apricots, cherries, grapes, nectarines, peaches, pears, plums etc. Sources: 1987 Census of Agriculture, United States Department of Commerce and Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture. 44 Production Trends (1) Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 APPLES 1,000 42-Pound Units PEACHES 1,000 48 Pound Units 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 2,309 2,119 2,261 2,285 2,357 40 44 38 42 44 (1) Total Production Tree Fruit Acres Farms apples 8,415 526 apricots 2 13 cherries 28 48 grapes 251 87 nectarines 9 10 peaches 484 186 pears 144 79 plums 26 36 other 16 9 Source: New England Agricultural Statistics (USDA) and 1987 Census of Agriculture, United States Departmenl of Commerce 45 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 TOBACCO ACREAGE: VALUE: FARMS: 458 $8,043,000 21 County Distribution COUNTY FARMS PRODUCING ACRES Franklin Hampshire Hampden 5 5 11 withheld 217 withheld Total 21 458 Source: 1987 Census of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Commerce Production Trends Outdoor Type Year Yield/Acre Pounds Production 1,000 Pounds 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1,965 1,960 1,925 1,800 1,850 295 255 250 198 185 Shade Type Year Yield/Acre Pounds Production 1,000 Pounds 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1,400 1,460 1,095 1, 110 1,385 490 526 372 455 582 Sources: New England Agricultural Statistics (USDA) and 1987 Census of Agriculture, United States Department of Commerce 46 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 VEGETABLES ACREAGE: 18,728 TOTAL - 16,100 (vegetables) 2,628 (potatoes) FARMS PRODUCING: 1,008 (vegetables) 93 (potatoes) MARKET OUTLETS: Although a portion of vegetable production, mainly potatoes and cucumbers, reaches the process market, the largest portion is sold to the fresh market. Fresh market outlets include roadside stands, farmers' markets, grower cooperatives, restaurants, supermarkets and wholesale brokers. Key Vegetable Growing Areas Upper Connecticut Valley - (Franklin and Hampshire counties) over 5,000 acres are cultivated in bottom land of the valley. The communities of Hadley, Hatfield, Whately and Deerfield delineate the core of this producing area. Major crops are potatoes, sweet corn, cucumbers, squashes, cabbage and onions. A portion of the potato and cucumber crop is produced for the process market. Lower Connecticut Valley - (Hampden County) communities surrounding metropolitan Springfield cultivate nearly 2,000 acres. A large portion of the acreage lies in Agawam, Southwick and Westfield. Southeastern Massachusetts - primarily Bristol and parts of Plymouth counties. Between the metropolitan regional markets of Boston and Providence, Rhode Island over 4,500 acres are cultivated in vegetables for the fresh market. Production clusters in communities near Dighton and Taunton. Major crops are sweet corn, butternut squash, pumpkins, beans, peppers and tomatoes. Northeastern Massachusetts - (Essex, Middlesex, and eastern Worcester counties) over 3,500 acres are cultivated. Vegetable cultivation in this area is more randomly scattered and less pronounced than in other key areas, although Methuen, Concord, and Northborough are important growing sites. Growers emphasize sweet corn, pumpkins and salad crops and market primarily through roadside stands. Major Vegetables Cultivated Percent of Total Vegetable Acres Sweet corn 44% Squashes 11% White potatoes 14% Pumpkins 6% Peppers 4% Cucumber 3% Tomatoes 3% Other 15% Sources: Massachusetts Department of Food and Agnculture and 1987 Census of Agricuture, United States Department of Commerce. 47 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 Vegetable Production Trends POTATOES YIELD/ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION CWT 1, 000 CWT 1984 200 580 1985 250 825 1986 230 667 1987 235 658 1988 220 572 TOMATOES YIELD/ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION CWT 1, ,000 CWT 1984 230 152 1985 245 164 1986 215 127 1987 215 125 1988 185 105 SWEET CORN YIELD/ACRE TOTAL PRODUCTION CWT 1, ,000 CWT 1984 88 713 1985 94 743 1986 94 790 1987 90 639 1988 91 655 Source: New England Agricultural Statistics (USDA) SPROUTS VALUE: MARKET OUTLET: $2^59,000 (estimated) virtually all is wholesaled to supermarkets and restaurants. Massachusetts Sprout Production (estimated) Producers Production (pounds ) 8 bean 8 alfalfa 6,700,000 750,000 Sources: Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture and University of Massachusetts Cooperative Extension Service 48 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 WINE GRAPE VINEYARDS FARMS: ACRES: PLANTINGS: 36 288 vineyard size ranges from 1/4 acre to over 60 acres. signiHcant plantings of vinifera varieties exist, however, French hybrids (crossing of vinifera varieties with American species) form the backbone of Massachusetts vineyards. MARKET OUTLETS: Most of the current production goes to local wineries. Small amounts of grapes are sold to home winemakers and the fresh fruit market. Key Growing Areas Vineyards are currently found in 11 counties, however, over 75 percent of the planted acres are in Bristol, Plymouth, Barnstable, Dukes and Nantucket counties. There are also some smaller vineyards in Western Massachusetts where there is considerable experimentation with hybrid plantings. COUNTY GROWERS ACRES Barnstable Berkshire Bristol Dukes Hampden Hampshire Middlesex Nantucket Norfolk Plymouth Worcester 1 1 7 2 1 8 1 1 1 12 2 00 50 121.25 31.00 50 00 00 00 00 93.00 5.00 TOTAL 37 285.25 Sources: Department of Food and Agriculture, Massachusetts Cooperative Extention, Massachusetts vineyard owners and the New England Wine Council 49 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 APIARIES NUMBER OF COLONIES: 20,158 (during peak pollination season) • colonies primarily in honey production: 8,870 • colonies used for pollination of apple and cranberry crops: 11,288 • pounds of honey produced per hive: (estimated) 18 Migratory Colonies 11,288 colonies are rented to ensure pollination and improve crop yields. Many of the rental colonies are managed by migratory beekeepers. After pollination season, these beekeepers transport their hives to apiary yards in southern states to permit their honey bees to rebuild in a warmer climate. Distribution of Massachusetts Apiaries COUNTY BEEKEEPERS COLONIES WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS Berkshire 169 Franklin 231 Hampshire 172 Hampden 188 411 608 659 846 Total 760 CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS Worcester 710 2,524 1,903 Total 710 1,903 EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS Essex 340 Middlesex 462 Norfolk 328 Suffolk 14 Plymouth 353 Bristol 254 1,377 3,252 1,370 43 4,239 4,797 Total 1,751 CAPE COD AND THE ISLANDS Barnstable 118 Dukes 26 Nantucket 2 15,078 238 170 245 Total 146 653 STATE TOTAL 3,367 20, 158 Source: Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture, 1987 50 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 DAIRY Current Status • 481 herds; 38,249 milking cows • Median herd size, approximately 60 cows milking • 1,268,000 pounds milk sold daily • The predominant breed (90 percent of all herds) is Holstein. Distribution of the Dairy Industry • 78 percent of our milk production comes from five counties in central and western Massachusetts. • The area of Worcester, Frankhn and Hampshire counties is our largest dairy region. Dairy farms here generate 55 percent of the state's milk production. Milk Production Trends Average Number of Milk Cows 1,000 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 48 47 42 35 32 Milk per Total production Milk cow pounds of mi Ik (mi! llion pounds) 11,938 573 12,660 595 13,310 559 14,400 504 14,469 463 Milk Market Trends Sold to plants Million pounds Sold directly to consumers Million pounds 1985 565 1986 535 1987 480 1988 439 20 17 17 16 Dairy Farms Protected by Agricultural Preservation Restriction • 72 dairy farms are participating in the APR program, representing an investment $18,807,700 in land development rights since the inception of the program in 1980. • 48.5 dairy farms, on 9,686.5 acres, are located in prime dairy regions. Sources: Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture, New England Agricultural Statistics (USDA) 57 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 Massachusetts' Most Productive Dairy Region Farms Milking Cows % of Total Milk Production Worcester County 118 9,023 24.9% Franklin County 93 7,163 17.9% Hampshire County 66 4,993 12.6% 277 21,179 55.4% • 58% of all dairy farms. • 55% of all milking cows. • 55% of all milk production Source; Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture 52 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 Massachusetts Dairy Farms Producing Milk For Sale, 1988. County inventory of farms, herd size and pounds of milk produced expressed as a percent of total pounds produced in the state. Region County Farms Herd Size Pounds of milk produced as a percent of total pounds WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS Berkshire 52 Franklin 93 Hampshire 66 Hampden 43 5,215 7,163 4,993 3,627 14.4 17.9 12.6 7.8 Region Total 2 54 CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS Worcester 118 20,998 9,053 52.7 24.9 Region Total 118 9,053 24.9 EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS Essex 17 Middlesex 18 Suffolk Norfolk 10 Plymouth 16 Bristol 46 1,388 1,600 399 1,016 3,735 3.3 4.1 2.5 11.0 Region Total 107 CAPE COD AND THE ISLANDS 8, 138 21.7 Barnstable Dukes Nantucket 30 30 <1.0 <1.0 Region Total state Total 2 481 60 38,249 <1.0 100 Source: Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture 53 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 EQUINE Equine: Estimated County Distribution, 1988 Western Massachusetts Berkshire Franklin Hampshire Hampden Horses Ponies 1,147 208 1,464 177 1,494 142 1,143 168 Region Total Central Massachusetts Worcester 5,248 3,839 695 563 Region Total Eastern Massachusetts Essex Middlesex Suffolk Norfolk Bristol Plymouth 3,839 3,218 3,363 3,135 1,774 1,363 563 348 357 232 307 383 Region Total Cape Cod and the Islands Barnstable Dukes Nantucket 12,853 635 173 46 1,627 98 97 18 Region Total State Total 854 22,794 213 3,098 Source: Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture 54 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 POULTRY Commercial poultry production is a three segmented industry centered on 50 farms. Type Number of farms Production (l)Market Brown Eggs (2)Poultry Breeding (3)Turkey Production 26 262 million eggs 6 11.9 million egg-type chicks(l) 18 3 million pound meat Egg Production Trends YEAR LAYERS AVERAGE DAILY RATE EGG PRODUCTION Annual Average 1,000 per lays r (percent) million 1984 1,059 69.1 268 1985 1,026 68.6 257 1986 1,195 72.2 315 1987 1,050 70.8 273 1988 973 73.4 262 MARKET: Ninety-five percent of egg production is marketed to jobbers and wholesalers, while Spercent is retailed directly to consumers. Turkey Production Trends YEAR NUMBER RAISED POUNDS PRODUCED 1,000 1 ,000 POUNDS 1984 152 3,314 1985 156 3,229 1986 145 3,103 1987 140 2,800 1988 150 3,000 Market: An estimated 80 percent of turkey production is retailed directly to consumers and the remaining production is marketed through wholesale chaimels. Poultry Breeding Information specific to commercial hatcheries is unavailable. Market: Poultry breeders produce baby chicks for brown egg producers in both domestic and foreign markets. Geographic Distribution of Commercial Poultry Farming REGION FARMS Western and Central Massachusetts 24 Eastern Massachusetts 26 (including Cape Cod and the Islands) (1) Massachusetts data not available, New England data provided. Sources: New England Agricultural Statistics (USDA), Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture. 55 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 AGRICULTURAL PRESERVATION RESTRICTION PROGRAM FARMLAND PROTECTED: 22,486 acres (1980-1988) PARCELS 243 FUNDS INVESTED: $51^44,630 (1980-1988) MEAN COST PER ACRE $2,283 The Agricultural Preservation Restricition Program compensates farmers for placing a permanent deed restriction on their land. This means that the property will be permanently protected for agricultural production and the farmer can obtain some of the equity from his land without selling it for development. Farmland valuation: Chapter 61A of the Massachusetts General laws was established to provide fair and accurate tax classification for owners of farmland in active agricultural use. The values are determined on an annual basis by the farmland valuation assessment commission. Geographic Distribution of APR Dollars and Acreage Dollars Acres Eastern Massachusetts 39% 24% Cape Cod & the Islands 5% 2% Western Mass. 27% 41% Central Mass. 29% 33% Regional Distribution of Agricultural Preservation Restriction (APR) Dollars invested, parcels and acreage, 1980-1988 Geography Parcels Acres Dollars Dollar Avg . /Acre State 243 22,486 $51,344,630 $2,283 Western 102 9,183 $13,728,795 $1,495 Central 62 7,350 $14,766,600 $2,009 Eastern 74 5,503 $20,071,735 $3,647 Cape Cod 5 450 $ 2,777,500 $6,172 Chronological Summary of the Agricultural Preservation Restriction Program, 1980-1987 YEAR PARCELS ENROLLED ACRES FUNDS INVESTED AVG. ACRE COST 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 TOTAL 243 (1) Includes state and municipal funds Source: Department of Food & Agncullure 12 1, 144 $2,376,325 $2,077 21 1,863 $3,701,900 $1,987 28 2,311 $2,890,775 $1,251 31 3,286 $5,033,060 $1,532 28 2,335 $4,430,200 $1,897 31 3,338 $5,080,900 $3,338 54 4,271 $17,078,700 $3,999 14 1,486 $2,252,000 $1,515 24 2,452 $8,500,770 $3,467 22,486 $51,344,630 $2,283 56 ^ a 3 n a •fl hd fT] o DJ H- 0 M U) ID l-( 0 rt (-• (D 3- C a iQ QJ M (D M (ti n a ^1 n tn 0 f1 T) 0 m 73 < <7^ Ln .£^ UJ tsj < z (D C H n 0 h (T) 01 Q) 3 rt (D o (T o ro o h CO O DO a o o I O (J1 t— » ■b NJ OJ ■vj vi> Ul o Ul o o Ul o Ul o o o o o 1 1 1 00 1 I 1 1 ' 1 t— ' f— * H-* 1 cr. Ul O o o Ul o Ul o Ul o o o o o o 00 to O Ul Ul Ul o Ul Ul o o I I Ul Ul o o o (-■ *» (O Ji 00 o U) Ul Ul o o o 0 o o o o o 1 I r I I I NJ ~J *^ Ul NJ Ul O O O Ul o O O O O O O O 00 fO I t— • vo 00 u> o Ul Ul o Ul Ul o o Ul Ul o o M Ul (O *i 00 o •«» O Ul o o o 0 o o o o o 1 I I I I I KJ ^ it^ oi OJ a% •O Ul o o o o o o o o o o ir' Q) D a c tn (1) OJ to (D 0) 10 O 01 ■D O , -^ m 30 (O |o < c w o > ■D H m 3D 5 3 UJ I M 00 o h CO H- U) O Ul (o Ul O Ul Ul Ul o o 00 CD o o -J o l-" Ul NJ lb VO !-■ Ul O Ul Ul o o 0 o o o o o 1 I I I I I NJ CD it^ O^ Co ^ U) O Ul Ul o o o o o o o o 00 vo 00 Ul < > r- c > o z < z D c CO m o > m o o 3D -< ■n < 00 I 00 57 o VO 00 o (Jl U1 o o en -' Ul CJ ^ vo <^ "0 H m 31 > J3 VO 00 •n a\ H- I D) t— ' O VO (1> 03 M ~o »< (D n> ^t 5 > (0 OD 0) 3 (O (D O < SL c fl> CD M as CO Co 1 1 U> to O Ul 00 ^ *^ O o Ul Ul o o o O o o o o 00 a. CT\ ch 00 ^ 1^ M KJ Ul O Ul Ul Ul o ' I I I I CJ VD VO VO U) UJ NJ to ivj Q O Ul Ul Ul o VO 00 ^^ -J o 1 o »-• !-■ VO M 00 0> CO 1^ m a c CO m O > m O O 31 < 00 cn ■ 00 VO CO 00 I 58 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 ON-FARM COMPOSTING The Department of Food and Agriculture is encouraging on-farm composting as a management strategy for farm generated materials as well as for appropriate non-farm generated organic materials such as leaves, manures and food processing by-products that otherwise have gone to disposal in landfills or incinerators. The facilities included in this listing are handling in excess of 200 tons each per year. Massachusetts On-Farm Composting Facilities, 1988* Region Farm Composting Tons Per Year Western Massachusetts 3 4,500 Central Massachusetts 2 30,100 Eastern Massachusetts 7 25,500 Total 12 60,100 ■ Facilities handling in excess of 200 tons per year Source; Department of Food and Agriculture 59 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 DIRECT MARKETING In the broad view of American agriculture, the output of Massachusetts is a minor part of the national whole. Massachusetts agriculture, however, is significant because it has one of the best markets in the country: a high percentage of high income consumers. Commercial farms, therefore, usually specialize in crops of high value such as market vegetables, fruits, nursery materials and more for direct consumption. Many farmers are ingenious individuals who study market possibilities and develop a specialty to satisfy a particular need. For example, there are gardeners who raise an assortment of exotic vegetables exclusively for Chinese restaurants and food shops. There are those who produce sod for landscape contractors, flowers for wholesale florists, and game birds for gourmet restaurants and delicatessens. Farmers may have their own sales stand or direct contact with wholesale or other retail outlets. The direct market is for many Massachusetts farmers a particular advantage. The pages that follow present the state-wide distribution pattern of two direct marketing outlets;roadside stands and farmers' markets. Although not apparent from the table, the propensity for roadside stands is greatest near fruit and vegetable growing areas in close proximity to consumers in urban areas. Farmers' markets, however, are generally located in population centers. 60 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 FARMERS' MARKETS County /location Mkts . /week Weeks of Mktg Farmers ( 1 ; BERKSHIRE Great Harrington North Adams Pittsfield (Allendale) Williamstown 1 1 2 1 24 12 52 17 10 4 26 10 FRANKLIN Greenfield 26 29 HAMPSHIRE Amherst Belchertown Easthampton Huntington Northampton 27 16 31 20 27 23 5 3 6 12 HAMPDEN Chicopee Holyoke Springfield (Avocado Street) (Civic Center) Westf ield 25 16 27 24 12 24 11 8 12 Western Massachusetts Summary: • 15 farmers' markets • 16 markets per week in the prime harvest period ESSEX Haverhill Newburyport Lawrence Peabody Topsf ield Wenham West Newbury 18 12 18 13 17 10 7 7 11 5 30 4 9 MIDDLESEX Ccimbridge Framingham Lowell Newton Somerville Sudbury 17 17 23 17 19 18 10 1 9 15 10 3 (1) Farmers selling during part or all of the market season. 6T Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 County /location Mkts . /week Weeks of Mktg Farmers (1) WORCESTER Barre Fitchburg Gardner Holden Shrewsbury Southbridge Worcester 15 16 16 18 12 18 16 15 9 7 6 4 8 25 NORFOLK Brookline Quincy SUFFOLK/Boston Brighton City Hall Plaza(Scollay Sq.) Fanueil Hall Mkpl . Fields Corner Jamaica Plain Roslindale 20 22 16 5 4 16 22 17 13 13 PLYMOUTH Brockton (Fairgrounds) (City Hall) Hanson Hinghcim Plymouth BRISTOL Fall River Middleboro New Bedford Taunton 17 17 25 27 19 30 26 10 1 BARNSTABLE Falmouth 22 DUKES West Tisbury NANTUCKET Nantucket 15 25 Eastern Massachusetts Summary • 43 market locations • 45 markets per week in the prime harvest period STATE TOTALS • 58 market locations • 62 markets per week during the prime period of the harvest season • over 350 farmers selling Source: Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture, Bureau of Markets 62 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 ROADSIDE STANDS/PICK-YOUR OWN The following figures represent roadside marketers of vegetables, fruits, Christmas trees, maplesyrup, dairy products, eggs, turkeys and other farm produce. Most farm stands are seasonal operations, however some stands are lengthening thier marketing season with the addition of new products through farm-based food processing. Pies, pre-cooked turkeys, apple cider and ice cream are examples of added-value processing which enables farmers to diversify their product line. COUNTY COMMUNITIES ESTABLISHMENTS WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS Berkshire 9 Franklin 10 Hampshire 9 Hampden 17 10 24 24 55 TOTAL 45 113 CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS Worcester 31 62 TOTAL 31 62 EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS Essex 19 Middlesex 36 Suffolk 1 Norfolk 18 Plymouth 24 Bristol 16 39 92 1 49 81 83 TOTAL 114 345 CAPE COD AND THE ISLANDS Barnstable 9 Dukes 4 Nantucket 1 21 8 2 TOTAL 14 31 STATE TOTAL 204 551 63 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 FOOD PROCESSING VALUE: $3,764,000,000 EMPLOYMENT: 26,000 employees FOOD PLANTS: 570 Massachusetts Food Processing by Product Type of Manufacturing Plants Value Employees (millions) 3,900 869.3 4,200 642.2 3,100 557.7 3,400 470.0 5,300 385.0 2,400 360.9 1,000 140.1 300 70.3 200 29.7 2,100 238.6 diary products 85 fishery products 74 soft drink bottlers 57 sugar and confections 49 bakery products 109 meat products 62 preserved fruits and vegetable 35 grain mill products 20 fats and oil products 6 miscellaneous 73 TOTAL 570 26,000 $3,764 Massachusetts' Food System Employment Sectors Number of Employees farming 15, 000 food manufacturing 26,000 food wholesaling 20,000 food stores 76,000 eating and drinking places 140,000 TOTAL 277, 000 Source: Census of Manufacturing, 1982 64 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 Food Processing Plants (1) - Employment and Value by Region and County County No. of Plants No. of Employees Value (millions) EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS Suffolk 96 (meat, sugar, confections, fish) Middlesex 108 (bakery, beverage, confections) Essex 78 (dairy, beverage) Norfolk 47 (dairy, beverage) Bristol 75 (bakery) Plymouth 2 7 CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS Worcester (bakery) 431 54 5,800 6,800 3,200 1,600 2,500 900 20,800 2,400 968.1 934.9 392.0 343.3 218.4 126.4 $2,982.9 257.9 54 WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS Berkshire Franklin Hampshire Hampden 41 2,400 1,900 257.9 319.9 (1) partial listing Source: 1982 Census of Manufacturers 41 1,900 319.9 65 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1 988 MASSACHUSETTS STATE-OWNED FARMLAND LEASING In Massachusetts 84 farmers or agricultural educational institutions are leasing 4,480 acres ofstate-owned farmland in 63 locations across the state. Seven agencies issue these leases or use permits. The Department of Food and Agriculture leases land under its care and control and alsoleases land for other agencies under Chapter 20 of the Massachusetts General Laws. The Massachusetts Farmlands Stewardship Committee, formed by the Department of Food and Agriculturein September of 1987, is looking at additional ways to protect and improve the management of state-owned farmland. One technique under consideration is the long-term (30 year) leasing of state-owned land to farmers. This is now being done under the Department of Mental Retardation's lease of the Belchertown State School farmstead to the New England Small Farm Institute. Farmers/ Institutions Leasing Agency Acres leased renting Locations Food and Agriculture 981 16 12 Fisheries and Wildlife 1,833 40 24 Environmental Mgt. 592 18 18 Massport 166 1 1 corrections 80 1 1 Mental Health 294 3 3 Mental Retardation 534 5 4 TOTAL 4,480 84 63 66 Massachusetts Agricultural Highlights, 1988 MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE BUDGET Appropriations ACCOUNT # CATEGORY 1987 FY AMOUNT 1988 FY AMOUNT 1989 FY AMOUNT 2511- 2511- 2511- 2511- 2511- 2515- 2518- 2518- 2518- 2518- 2518- 2520- 0100 3000 3001 3002 4000 1000 1000 2500 3000 4000 5000 0100 2520-0100 Administration Regulatory Alar Research IPM Ag. Development Animal Health Fairs Equine Thoroughbred Tufts Vet School Standardbreds Reclamation Board SUB-TOTAL DFA RECLAMATION BOARD Mosquito Control Projects SUB-TOTAL DFA WITH MOSQUITO PROJECTS 518,276 1,690,418 0 250,000 862,741 678,462 657,242 97,350 460,000 115,625 300,000 69,172 602,411 1,874,468 50,000 400,000 1,047,336 716,143 693,069 173,504 0 0 175,000 99,806 586,528 1,882,313 360, 000 1,041,037 705,386 661,184 169,211 0 0 0 99,892 5,699,286 0 5,831,737 5,505,551 3,177,820 3,345,753 3,253,071 8,877,106 9,177,490 8,758,622 Retained Revenues 2511-3005 2518-3001 2518-4001 2518-6000 Rights of Way Thoroughbreds Tufts Greyhounds 0 0 0 0 0 900,000 200,000 300,000 0 900,000 200,000 300,000 SUB-TOTAL RETAINED REVENUES 0 1,400,000 1,400,000 Bond Allotments STATE Farmland Protection (APR) Compost Development SUB-TOTAL FEDERAL FUNDS Pesticide Management 0310 0320 Market Development (FSMIP) Farmers ' Market Coupons SUB-TOTAL TOTAL 16,425,708 4,367,056 11,395,896 0 0 0 16,425,708 4,367,056 11,395,896 166,440 21,022 86,408 0 140,157 20,532 38,400 0 125, 155 15,419 15,000 0 273,870 199,089 155,574 16,699,578 4,566,145 11,551,470 67 Massachusetts Agricultural Statistics Compiled by New England Agricultural Statistics 22 Bridge Street, Room 301 Concord, New Hampshire, 03303-1444 • Aubrey R. Davis, State Statistician • R. Robert Scranton, Deputy State Statistician • Beverly A. LaCroix, Administrative 68 o D CD •^ P-2 g —t o B ET sg- O ■^3 55 •a "^ ^ ^ O C/1 n o _ < 3 'O 5 c " 00 i -> ^ 5 3 ■< r- " 5' &> "T3 ^ ■1 ^ n f' ~ 'k . "a M J, Ui o -a a- o c -1 o O 3-. 2 o E 3 « o a — -1 w n ^ 13 D. rt _ M M -1 - ~~ o BS o 3 - D. C W-^ ■a o n o S T! n o 3 ~ r* c/i « :r 2 o S 3 o ^ ^^ o 3- a= n =1 "n • ss S B- VI -< 2^ 3 tA '^ o —1 -^ o _ 1,800 male '^ -3 ~ n "-1 — o rr D. S" o O ■o :r 1^ c -a o n o ^ ?r <^ ;i-13 C« "1 _. O 3 O. — C o o 00 Cj oo D. 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