977,566

J6E 1909

THE UNIVERSITY

OF ILLINOIS

LIBRARY

977.366 J62 1909

CENTRAl C.RCUiAT.ON

'^SS>'SSsss-

NOV 1 8 19921

•JIH 1 " 1995

DR. JOSEPH T. MILLER DR. HARTWELL C. HOWARD

Located in Urbana in 1853 Located in Champaign in 1855

Dr. Miller and Dr. Howard are the only living representatives of the medical men who fifty years ago (March 4, 1859) organized the Cham- paign County Medical Society. Dr. Miller, by reason of being in contin- uous practice longer than any of his competitors is entitled to the honor of being called Our Medical Nestor. However, Dr. Howard's time of continuous practice in Champaign County is only exceeded by that of Dr. Miller,

MEDICINE

IN

CHAMPAIGN COUNTY

A HISTORICAL SKETCH

BY

CHARLES B. JOHNSON, M.D.

"BACK ON THE PAST HE TURNS HIS EYE'

FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY SOUYENIR EDITION

CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS 1909

GAZETTE PRESS OHMffiHD CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS

CONTENTS

Frontispiece

Biographical Sketches 9

Champaign County Medical Society - 53

Conclusion 81

Deceased Physicians 59

Fifty Years in Practice - - 58

Interesting Facts - - 76

Introductory 5

Intermediate Era - -77

Index 82

Hospital, Julia F. Burnham - - 60

Location of Doctors - - 63

Medical Practice Act 62

Members, List of 1860 - 53

Members, List of 18'.)9 56 Members, List of 1909 - , - - 56

Modern Era - 80

Patriotism, Champaign County Doctors - - 75

^Prefatory - 4

<"Pioneer Doctors - - 6

^Pioneer Era — 78

Pioneer Doctors - 6

..Politics, Champaign County Doctors in - 61

-Progress in Medicine - - 77 V Violent Deaths and Accidents ..... 76

798219

r

PREFATORY.

In the dim waste lands of the Orient stands

The wreck of a race so old and vast, That the grayest legend can not lay hands

On a single fact of its tongueless past; ' Not even the red gold crown of a king,

Nor a warrior's shield, nor aught beside, Can history out of the ruins wring, —

They had no poet and so they died.

The same old tale! and so it will be,

As long as the heavens feed the stars, — As long as the tribes of men shall see

A lesser glory in arts than wars; And 'so let us live, and labor, and pray,

As down we glide with the darkling tide, That never a singer of us may say,

They had no poet and so they died.

—James Newton Matthew.?, M. D.

MEDICINE IN CHAMPAIGN COUNTY

INTRODUCTORY. area? Could he make passable

Before speaking of medicine in roads through its deep, black, tar- Champaign county a few words ry soil? Could he get the mastery relative to the county itself may__of the luxuriant and seemingly in- not be out of place. Feb. 20, 1833, destructible blue stem that ap-

Governor John Reynolds signed the act creating the present terri- torial limits of Champaign county and setting it off from Vermilion county, of which it had hitherto formed a part. Champaign coun- ty is 36 miles long, 28 wide, con- tains i, 008 square miles, has a population of upwards of fifty thousand inhabitants and all now realize that the earth affords no better country than that embraced within its limits.

But at the date of the county's organization, its population, and its future as a desirable dwelling place was uncertain to the last de- gree. For it was then a new coun- try as wild and as nearly overrun by rank vegetation as the warm sunshine, the quickening rainfall and a responsive soil could make it: A new country indeed in which for untold ages unbridled nature had run riot. Could man con- quer this country? Could he sub- due this wilderness? Could he turn to profitable use the immense stretches of prairie that constitut- ed nine-tenths of the countv's

peared to be in absolute and eter- nal possession of the prairie? Could he drain the sloughs and ponds that seared and marred the otherwise beautiful face of this country? Could he bridge the streams with their treacherous beds and banks of quicksand? These were but a few of the prob- lems that presented themselves to the pioneer and the perils he en- countered and the hardships he endured are all but impossible for those of us to realize who live in a more favored era.

The points of early settlement in what afterwards became Cham- paign County were Big Grove, the pioneer's name for the timber north of Urbana, and within the southern limits of which that city is located; Salt Fork, in and about St Joseph; Sangamon settlement, in and about Mahomet; and Sa- dorus Grove, in and about the vil- lage of Sadorus.

At the time of the organization of Champaign County in 1833 Ur- bana was designated as the Coun- ty Seat and then and there en-

tered upon its career of promise and prosperity. But of its Twin Sister, the City of Champaign, there was at this time not the faintest hint or sign. Indeed its destiny was so securely hidden in the mists of the future that for the mere heralding of its advent twen- ty years must needs unfold their weary length. Of the coming city the most visionary did not so much as dream. And little won- der, for the very heart of the fu- ture city's business center was one vast pond, in whose shallows cat- tails and slough grass luxuriated; in whose oozy depths mud turtles and other amphibians found a cool retreat from the scorching rays of the summer's sun; and whose green, scum-coated surface was crossed and cris-crossed by the trail of the water-moccasin. While all about the atmosphere seemed loaded with poisonous ex- halations that foreboded the stalk- ing abroad of deadly disease and noisome pestilence.

PIONEER DOCTORS IN THE COUNTY.

The names of physicians en- titled to come under this head are few, as only those who came to the County in the first ten years of its history can be included. The writer has succeeded in collecting the names of Drs. Fulkerson, James H. Lyon, N. H. Adams, Harmon Stevens, John S. Saddler,

Winston Somers, W. A. Conkey and C. C. Hawes. There are doubtless others, that should go in this list, but if so their names are not available.

Dr. Fulkerson was the first phy- sician to locate within the limits of what is now Champaign Coun- ty. But of him little is known, not even his Christian name. It is known, however, that he was a young unmarried man who came in 1830 and remained but one year. He had his office and resi- dence at the home of Mrs. Sarah Coe, who lived near the north end of the Big Grove. Upon leaving Big Grove he went west, but of his subsequent history nothing is known.

Dr. N. H. Adams, Mahomet's first physician, located in that vil- lage in the thirties, but just what year is not known. He practiced a good many years at Mahomet and finally died there, but the date of his death can not be given; neither can much of his history.

Dr. C. C. Hawes located in Ma- homet in 1843 and practiced medi- cine in and about the village near- ly thirty years. It is regretted that little or nothing of his history is available for this record. Old citizens who knew him, however, speak of him as a competent phy- sician and a good citizen. He died at Mahomet in 1872, aged about 62 years.

In 1832 Dr. James H. Lyon lo-

cated at the home of Mijamin By- ers, two miles east of Urbana, and for a time practiced medicine there. He removed to where the village of Sidney now is and in 1837 became one of its founders.

The date and place of Dr. James H .Lyon's birth cannot be given, although he is said to have been a native of Kentucky. He was a lover of fine stock and owned considerable land in the county. He was one of the first, if not the first, person to bring finely bred animals in Champaign County. By those who knew him he is spoken of as a large, fine- looking man. In 1836 he was elected a member of the lower house of the Tenth General As- sembly which John Moses in his recent history of Illinois says was "one of the most remarkable bod- ies of law-makers that ever as- sembled in the legislative halls of Illinois or any other state."

Among its members were in- cluded a future president of the United States, a defeated candi- date for the same high office, six future United States senators, eight members of the National .House of Representatives, a secre- tary of the interior, three judges of the Supreme Court, and seven state officers. Here sat side by side Abraham Lincoln and Steph- en A. Douglas; the gallant E. D. Baker, John Logan, father of Gen- eral John A. Logan, Richard M

Cullom, Father of Senator Ctil lorn, General John A. Mc- Clernnand, "Uncle" Jesse Dubois and a host of other notables in- cluding such names as Gen. James Shields, Col. John Hardin, U. F. Linder, Ninian W. Edwards, etc.

Dr. Lyons was the first physi- cian to locate in Sidney, but he seems to have removed from the County some time in the early for- ties. He died at Preston, Texas, about 1888.

Dr. Harmon Stevens was the first doctor to locate in Old Homer, but the exact date of his so doing is not known. It is, how- ever, thought to have been some time in the thirties. Dr. Stevens had a very large practice and is well remembered by some of the older inhabitants of Homer. He was one of the old-time doctors, who believed in and gave heroic doses. He practiced medicine at Homer a great many years and then removed to Newton, 111., where he died July 7, 1882. He was a native of Canada, and the date of his birth was May 25, 1810.

Dr. John S. Saddler was the first physician to locate in Urbana and came there in 1839. But how long he remained or where he went it is not now possible to ascertain.

Dr. Winston Somers came to Urbana in 1840 and remained in practice there till his death in 1871. He was born in Surrey County, North Carolina, in 1800,

obtaining his education in the com- mon schools of his native state. Like so many medical men Dr. Somers taught school for a time as a sort of stepping-stone to something more permanent. One of his pupils was Miss Mary G. Haynes, whom he afterward mar- ried. He began the study of med- icine and after qualifying himself as well as he could, considering the existing opportunities, prac ticed medicine in his native state for a number of years and in 1840 removed to Illinois. He rode all the way from North Carolina on horseback. On his way he stopped at a house in the moun- tains to remain over night. His entertainers lived in a primitive log cabin and in the night Dr. Somers heard certain noises that he did not like. These made him suspicious and getting up, he sad- dled his horse and rode away. Next day he stopped at a town and remained while a gunsmith made for him a brace of pistole and armed with these he continued his way and arrived at his destina- tion in safety. The pistols were long in the Somers family as cur- iosities. A little later he re- turned to North Carolina and re-

moved permanently to Illinois, bringing his family and belong- ings in wagons.

Dr. Somers was a strong char- acter and had in his make-up much of the strong, hardy, fibre iof the pioneer. He was more- lover thoughtful and studious, and not satisfied with his education, Jie applied himself anew and in 1^853 graduated from Rush Medi- ral College, Chicago. Later he jfook up the study of Greek and Hebrew and in these languages f.cquired enough proficiency to tread the Bible in the original text. iVs said elsewhere, Dr. Somers (lied at his home in Urbana in (1871.

Dr. W. A. Conkey located in Homer in 1843 and continued in practice there till 1850, when he exchanged it for the much easier and more lucrative business of farming. When he commenced practice in Homer the territory in- cluded within the present limits of Homer Township contained but nineteen families. Some years since Dr. Conkey removed to the village o<f Homer, where he lived till his death, which occurred Dec.

2, 1937-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Below will be found brief sketches of deceased members and those living who have passed or are near their fiftieth mile posts.

Adams, Dr. N. H. See Pio- neer Doctors of Champaign Co.

DR. JOHN H. ALPERS.

John H. Alpers was born in Hanover, Germany, June 10, 1836. He received his preliminary education in the public schools and in the Gymnasium of Han- over. Subsequently he took a three years course in medicine at

the medical College of Annalt, Gothen, a small German province. After graduating in medicine he emigrated to the United States in 1860 and located for the prac- tice of his profession in Wyandot County, Ohio, where he re- maired till 1865. Next lie located in Danville, 111., and was there ac- tively engaged in practice till about 1870 when lie purchased a farm in East Bend Township, Champaign County, to which he removed and soon after became actively engaged in country prac- tice among his neighbor farmers.

Tn 1874 he removed to the vil- lage of Rantoul where he has ever pince been actively occupied with professional work.

Dr. Emery C. Bartholow was born in Ohio, December 31, 1844. He came with his father, the Rev- erend Benjamin Bartholow, to Bloomington when a small fooy. He attended the public schools and subsequently Wesleyan Uni- versity. In 1862 he enlisted in the 94th Illinois Infantry, served one year and a half in this organiza- tion when he was transferred to the 37th Illinois Infantry, in which he served one year.

Upon leaving the army young Bartholow turned his attention to

9

medicine and later graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago. In 1867 he located at Mahomet for the practice of -medicine and in this he was engaged till his health gave way. In 1876 Dr. E, C. Bartholow was one of the repre- sentatives from Champaign Coun- ty in the legislature, when he had opportunity to assist in securing the passage of the first Medical Practice Act for Illinois Dr. Bartholow's health continued to fail and in the early nineties he died.

Dr. Bartholow was a thoughtful studious man of fine personal ap- pearance and a ready off-hand talk- er. He was a brother of Dr. James M. Bartholow of Urbana.

Dr. James M. Bartholow was born in Urichville, Ohio, Febru- ary 1 8, 1847, and in childhood re- moved with his father, the Rever- end Benjamin Bartholow, a well- known Methodist preacher, to Bloomington, 111. At the early age of fifteen years he enlisted in the 94th Illinois Infantry. Dr. Bartholow received his education in the common schools, and also for a time attended Wesleyan Uni- versity. When yet a young man he took up the study of medicine and later graduated at Rush Med- ical College, Chicago. In 1869 he came to Philo and soon built up a good practice there. In 1895 he removed to Urbana and is now a practitioner of that city. He is

Dr. JAMES M. BARTHOLOW.

one of the Board of United States Surgeons of Champaign County for Pension Examinations.

Dr. E. I. Birdsell was born in Birmingham, New York, Jan. 12, 1844. In boyhood much of his time was put in as a canal boy. He obtained his education in the com- mon schools and later studied medicine. He located in Pesotum in 1869 and continued in practice there till 1891, when he removed to Chicago, where he died on his birthday, Jan. 12, 1893, having rounded out precisely forty-nine years of life.

Dr. Samuel H. Birney was born in Cadiz, Ohio, Nov. 2, 1834. He graduated in medicine from Rush Medical. College, Chicago, located

in Urbana in 1861, and served as surgeon of the I35th Illinois In- fantry. He was an active man in medical societies and was a mem- ber of the committee appointed from the Illinois State Medical So- ciety in 1876 to memorialize the legislature to secure the enactment of a law regulating the practice of medicine and creating a State Board of Health in Illinois. For a number of years Dr. Birney was a member of the Champaign Coun- ty Board of United States Sur- geons for Pension Examinations. In 1888 he removed to Denver Colo., where he lived till 1898, when he returned to Urbana. Meantime his health failed and July i, 1900, he died.

R. H. Brown was located at Ma- homet, Champaign Co., at the breaking out of the civil war and in 1861 became Assistant Surgeon of the 25th 111. Infantry and served in the field two years. Some time after he removed West and is now living in old age at Wichita, Kan. He is the author of an interesting- book, the title of which is, "Abraham Lincoln and the Men of his Time."

Dr. Myron S. Brown was born at Colton, Newr York, June 30, 1832. Shortly after his birth his parents removed to Ohio, where young Brown grew up. He ob- tained his preliminary education in

DR. MYRON S. BROWN, 1832-1901.

the common schools and soon af- ter reaching the years of young manhood began the study of med- icine.

But in this study he was greatly hampered by circumstances over which he had no control; the re- sult was a number of years went by before he was able to complete his medical education. Meanwhile he removed to Urbana, 111., where he engaged in various pursuits, such a bookkeeper, clerk, and the mercantile business.

Upon the breaking out of the war Dr. Brown in 1861 entered the service as Assistant Surgeon of the 25th Illinois Infantry. Here

H

DR. W. F. BURRES.

he found good opportunities for improving his professional knowl- edge and made the most of them.

At the expiration of his military service Dr. Brown returned to Ur- bana and practiced medicine there till May 1884, when he removed to Danville, 111., where he engaged in practice till his death June 28, 1901.

Dr. William F. Burres was born June 29, i857,in Coles Coun- ty, Illinois. His early days were passed on a farm and as oppor- tunity offered he attended the pub- lic schools. Later he for a time was a student at Asbury Univer- sity, Greencastle, Ind., and like- wise at Wesleyan University, Bloomington, 111. Finally he be- gan the study of medicine under Dr. Wagner of Newman, 111., lat- er matriculated at Rush Medical College from which he graduated in 1882. He chose Sidney, 111., for his first location and remained there till 1900 when, after an ex- tended trip abroad, he removed to Urbana, 111., where he has since been actively engaged profession- ally.

Dr. Herman Chaffee was born in Rutland County, Vermont, June 18, 1816. He decided to en- ter the medical profession and lat- er graduated from Albany Medical College, New York. After gradu- ating he spent a short period in

DR. HERMAN CHAFFEE, 1816-1900.

practice and then went to Paris, France, where he remained fif- teen months, perfecting his medi- cal education.

In 1857 Dr. Chaffee came to To- lono and located there permantly. He built the fourth frame house in that place and laid the first side- walk. He was also the first post- master of the village; his house at first and later his office served their places in turn as the village postoffice. In 1900 Dr. Chaffee died at his home in Tolono at the advanced age of 84 years, making him at the time of his decease the oldest physician in Champaign County.

13

Dr. A. Catron was born in Clark County, Illinois, October 19, 1826, studied medicine and attended lectures at Louisville, Ky. In 1856, when thirty years of age, he located at Sadorus, where he has since lived. In 1896, forty years after arriving in Sadorus, he re- tired from practice. Dr. Catron was the first physician to locate in Sadorus.

DR. JACOB D. CHAMBERS.

Dr. Jacob G. Chambers was born in Tompkins County, New York, in 1842. He obtained his English education in the public schools and this was supplemented by a two years' course in Hobert College. In 1864 he graduated

from Geneva Medical College, New York. Immediately after graduation he entered the service as Surgeon of the looth Pennsyl- vania Infantry, in which he served till the war of the Rebellion ended. In 1869 he located at Sadorus for the practice of medicine. But in a few years he practically aban- doned this for the much more re- munerative business of farming and stock raising that for many years he has followed most suc- cessfully. Dr. Chambers has rep- resented his Township on the Board of Supervisors most accept- ably to all.

Dr. Daniel A. Cheever was born in Providence, R. I., July 26, 1827; studied medicine and graduated from New York Homeopathic Medical College in 1865. He lo- cated in Champaign City in 1870 where he practiced till 1877, when he removed to Peoria. At the last named location he practiced his profession till failing health com- pelled him to retire. Dr. Cheever died in Champaign, 111., Septem- ber i, 1890.

Dr. Job S. Coggeshall was born in Wayne County, Indiana, in 1839, studied medicine and dur- ing the civil war served as Hos- pital Steward and Assistant Sur- geon in the 2nd Indiana Cavalry. In 1871 he located at Ogden and practiced there a few years, when he removed to Indiana and prac- ticed medicine in that state for a

14

time, but, liking Illinois better, he in 1884 returned to Ogden, where he practiced till his death, September 14, 1902.

DR. W. A. CONKEY, 1820-1907.

Dr. William A. Conkey was born December 6, 1820, at Charle- mont, Massachusetts, in the Berk- shire hills region. At the age of ten years he removed with his par- ents to the then far West and fin- ally settled in Champaign County. As a boy Dr. Conkey went through all the privations and hard experiences of the pioneers in the first half of the nineteenth century. He spent most of his time working on the farm and dur- ing winter months attended the nearest log school house, but by

making the best use of his oppor- tunities managed to acquire a fair education. He began the study of medicine at an early age and at- tended lectures at Louisville, Ky. He located in old Homer in 1843 and continued the practice of his profession till 1850, when he ex- changed it for the more lucrative business of .farming and stock raising. Some years since lie re- tired to the village of Homer where his death occurred, Decem- ber 2, 1907. See also pioneer doc- tors.

Dr. G. E. Cogswell was born January 6, 1849, at Towanda, Pa., and while in infancy removed with his parents to Carroll Co., 111. He spent his boyhood days work- ing on the farm and attended the neighboring schools. Subse- quently he attended Mount Car- roll Seminary and Painsville (Ohio) Academy. Deciding to study medicine he matriculated at Hahnemann College, Chicago, from which he graduated in 1873. He first located at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, next changed his residence to Waukegan, 111., where he en- gaged in practice till 1902, when he removed to Champaign City and has since been actively occu- pied in professional business.

Dr. Chas. J. Cooper graduated from Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Institute, 1902, and located at

15

Penfield, 111., same year. Died from blood poisoning May 22, 1904.

DR. JAMES CORE, 1822-1888.

Dr. James Core was born in Ross County, Ohio, December 19, 1822. He got his education in the common schools and at an early age began teaching and in this way earned enough money to attend lectures at the Medical Col- lege of Ohio during the winter of 1845-6. At a later date he grad- uated from this school. He prac- ticed his profession for a time in Ohio, but in 1853 removed to Illi- nois and located near Homer, where he soon built up a large practice. At this time there was no doctor to the east nearer than

Danville; to the west none nearer than Urbana, while to the south and north the field was practically unlimited. Consequently his rides were very long and the labor in- cident to attending to his profes- sional duties arduous in the ex- treme. Dr. Core was a local Meth- odist preacher, an earnest temper- ance advocate, a life-long Repub- lican and withal a good extempo- raneous speaker; the result was that he could preach a sermon, de- liver a temperance address or ringing political speech with equal facility. In 1878 Dr. Core was elected one of the Legislators from this County. A few years later his health began to fail and April 29, 1888, he died at his home in Homer.

Dr. C. L. Crane located in Ma- homet some years prior to the civil war. Died in 1856 from ac- cidental blood poisoning. See violent deaths and accidents.

Dr. Jacob Culver was born in the year 1835 in Butler County, Ohio. When but three years of age he removed with his parents to Indiana, wher.e he grew to man- hood, meanwhile receiving his ed- ucation in the common schools. When a very young man he began the study of medicine and later graduated from Rush Medical College, Chicago. Dr. Culver's first location was Clarksville, Ind., but after a time he removed to Il- linois and in 1858 located at Ma-

16

DR. JACOB CULVER, 1835-1880. DR. HENRY E. GUSHING, 1854-1907.

hornet where he soon built up a good practice. During the civil war Dr. Culver enlisted in the 7ist Illinois Infantry as Hospital stew- ard, and owing to the indisposition of the chief surgeon of the regi- ment, attended to most of the medical wants of the regiment. Dr. Culver, at the expiration of his term of service, returned to Ma- homet and resumed his practice and continued in active work till towards the end of the eighties, when his health began to give way, and finally in 1890 he died.

Dr. Henry E. dishing was born in Ashburnham, Mass., Nov. 30, 1854, and received his preliminary

education in the public schools and Westfield High School. He graduated from Dartmouth Col- lege in 1882 and the same year en- tered the Chicago Medical Col- lege, now the Medical Depart- ment of Northwestern University, from which he received the de- gree of M. D. in 1884. • The same year he located for the practice of his profession at Champaign, 111., where he soon built up a .large professional business which he re- tained till the date of his death, August n, 1907.

Dr. Gushing was at all times en- terprising and energetic and by his own efforts defrayed the great-

17

er part of the expense of his edu- cation. As a practitioner of med- icine he was noted for his enter-

prise, aggressiveness and readiness to maintain a high standard of pro- fessional ethics.

DR. ALEXANDER T. DARRAH, 1836-1889.

Dr. Alexander T. Darrah was born at Delaware, Ohio, March 17, 1836. Two years later he re- moved with his parents to Pike County, where he grew to man- hood. He obtained his education

in the common schools and when a young man taught. Later he began the study of medicine and in 1865 graduated from Rush Medi- cal College, Chicago. The same year that he graduated he located

18

at Tolono and practiced his pro- fession there continuously till 1883, when he removed to Bloom - ington, 111. In his new location he was actively engaged in prac- tice till his death that occurred in September, 1889.

Dr. Darrah was a man of strik- ing personal appearance; was large, well-proportioned and was always well dressed. He stood very high in Masonic circles, was a good extemporaneous speaker and in his day was perhaps one of the best presiding officers in the state. In 1882, when resid- ing at Tolono, he was elected president of the Illinois State Med- ical Society, an honor that thus far no other member of the Cham paign County Medical Society has received.

Dr. Amos Dillon was born near Ridge Farm, Vermilion Co., 111., Feb. 26, 1840. Here he grew to young manhood and during his boyhood days his time was divided between farm work and attendance upon the neighborhood schools. Later he attended Onarga Acad- emy at Onarga, 111., and finally be- came a student of medicine. He graduated from Indiana Medical College in 1878 and soon after lo- cated for the practice of his pro- fession in Staunton Township, Champaign County, 111. Unfortu- nately when he had given but five years to professional work his use-

fulness was ended by death which occurred April 3, 1883.

DR. WILLIAM DILLON.

Dr. William Dillon was born near Ridge Farm, Vermilion Co., 111., March 27, 1849, anc^ while yet a small boy removed with his par- ents to Iroquois County. His early years were spent in farm work and attendance upon the country schools. After reaching young manhood he devoted some time to teaching school. Later he decided to study medicine and was part of the time in the office with his brother. Dr. Amos Dillon of Champaign County, and part of his student days he spent with Dr. Gaston of Ash Grove, Iro-

19

quois County. He finally gradu- ated in medicine from the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, in 1882. The same year he located for the practice of his profession at Thomasboro, Champaign Coun- ty, where he remained in active professional work till 1900 when he took a post graduate course in Chicago. He then removed to Urbana, where he has even since been engaged in practice.

Dr. Franklin at the breaking out of the Civil war left his prac- tice in Champaign Co. and joined an Ohio Regiment as surgeon. His subsequent history is un- known.

Dr. Ezra H. Ferris was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 18, 1821. In young manhood he studied medicine and in 1846 graduated from the Medical College of Ohio. He practiced medicine in Cincin- nati for a considerable period and during this time was four years a member of the City Board of Health. In 1864 Dr. Ferris aban- doned the practice of medicine and removed to Illinois and for a num- ber of years lived on a farm in Champaign County. In 1887 he removed to Champaign City, where he continued to reside till his death, April 10, 1904.

Dr. John T. Fugate was born June 15, 1830 at Wytheville, Wythe Co., Virginia. While very

DR. JOHN T. FUGATB.

young removed with parents first to Missouri and later to Illinois. Was raised on a farm near Quincy, Illinois, where his time was alter- nated between farm work and at- tendance at the neighborhood schools and higher educational in- stitutions at Barry and Quincy, 111. In early manhood entered up- on the study of medicine and ob- tained his M. D. degree from Mis- souri Medical College in 1857. Practiced medicine in St. Louis, Mo., till the outbreak of the Civil War, then for varying periods was located at the following towns in Illinois, viz., Pleasant Hill, Rockport, Summer Hill and El-

Dora. In 1867 he came to Ur- bana, 111., where he has since been engaged in practice.

Dr. Fulkerson, first physician to locate in Champaign County. See pioneer doctors in County.

Dr. M. Garst was born in Vir- ginia Jan. 17, 1815, began the study of medicine when very young and at the age of 22 grad- uated from Jefferson Medical Col- lege, Philadelphia. He located at Dayton, Ohio, and for many years practiced medicine in that city. Just before the breaking out of the civil war he removed to Illinois and had his home in Champaign City. Upon the organization of ^e 71 st Illinois Infantry he en- tered that organization as surgeon with the rank of Major and served till the time of the regiment ex- pired. At the termination of the war in 1865 he removed from Champaign and his death occurred at Coon Rapids, Iowa, Oct. 5, 1901.

Dr. J. H. Gardiner was born Feb. 17, 1848, died Aug. 22, 1902, at Mahomet. He was a na- tive of New Jersey and when a mere lad removed to Illinois with his parents. In 1865, when but fifteen years of age, he enlisted in the 1 54th Illinois Infantry and served till the war of the rebellion ended. In 1872 Dr. Gardiner graduated from Rush Medical College and at once located at Ma-

DR. JOHN H. GARDINER, 1848-1902.

hornet for the purpose of practic- ing his profession, and soon built up a good business. Dr. John H. Gardiner was a son of Dr. John D. Gardiner, late an octogenarian of Farmer City, but many years ago a Mahomet physician.

Dr. A. D. Gillum was born in Adams County, Illinois, August 29, 1846. He was educated in the common schools, and when a young man taught school. Stud- ied medicine and later graduated from a Medical College at Keo- kuk, Iowa. Located at Sadorus in 1877 and practiced there till a few

21

weeks before his death that oc- curred June 25, 1890.

Dr. William Miles Goodwin was born in Ohio about 1825. At- tended medical lectures at the Medical College of Ohio; came to Illinois and located first at St. Joseph, practiced there for a year when he changed his location to Urbana. At the latter place he formed a partnership with Dr. C. A. Thompson, which lasted till the latter entered the army in 1861. Dr. Goodwin had a large practice in Urbana during the sixties. !!•,• remained there in practice till about 1876 or 1877. when he re- moved to Kansas, where he died about 1898. Dr. Goodwin was a well posted man and a good prac- titioner of medicine.

Dr. John M. Hadden was born in Pennsylvania in the year 1842. In the fall of 1861 he enlisted in the 67th Pennsylvania and served till the war ended four years later. At the battle of Winchester he was captured and for two months was confined in Libby Pft^on and Belle Isle. After the close of the war young Hadden entered upon the study of medicine and con- cluding that the west was a tempt- ing field came to Illinois and in 1872 located at Seymour, where he soon built up a good practice that he yet attends to industrious- ly.

DR. JOHN M. HADDEX, 1812-1892.

Dr. Lyman Ilall was born at Hancock, Massachusetts, Febru- ary 12, 1818. Came west in early life and studied medicine in young manhood. He lived at La Salle for a long period and was mayor of that city for two years. During the civil war he for a time served as Assistant Surgeon of the 63rd Illinois Infantry. Meeting with some unexpected business losses not long after the war. Dr. Hall concluded to come to Champaign County. This he did in 1867, lo- cating near Savoy. Here he car- ried on farming and practiced med- icine for twenty years till 1887, when he removed to Champaign City, where he died February u,

22

DR. LYMAN HALL, 1818-1892.

1892, lacking hut one day of rounding out seventy-four years.

Dr. Abbie G. Hall was born in Felicity, Clairmont County, Ohio, and while yet a child removed to Champaign County in 1860. She acquired a good education in the public schools and for many years devoted her time to teaching. While serving in this capacity she was the author of two or three ele- mentary school books. Late in the eighties she began the study of medicine and in 1890 graduated from Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago. Immediately after grad- uation she located in Champaign City, where she practiced medi-

cine till her death' in September, 1898. At the time of her decease Dr. Hall was a member of the Medical Staff of the Julia F. Burnham Hospital.

DR. J. J. HANMORE.

Dr. J. J. Hanmore was born March 20, 1854, at Cambridge, Ind., and when a young child re- moved with his parents to a farm where his earlier days were spent doing farm work and attending the neighborhood schools.

Upon reaching young manhood he began the study of medicine, and entered the Kentucky School of Medicine from which he grad- uated in 1884. His first location was Landessville, Ind., where he

•23

remained for a number of years. For a short period he also prac- ticed at Marion, Ind. In 1898 he removed to Maiden, 111., where he was engaged in professional work till 1905, when he came to Urbana and has since been occu- pied in active practice.

DR. JAMES C. HARMON.. 1840-1905.

Dr. James C. Harmon \vas born January 19, 1840, at Milton, Ver- mont. He^grew up on a farm and got his education in the public schools. In 1862 he enlisted in the 1 3th Vermont, a regiment that was afterwards a part of General Stannard's celebrated brigade. This brigade had not a little to do in saving the clay for the Union

Army in the third day's fight at Gettysburg, when Pickett's divis- ion made its terrible charge in a desperate effort at breaking the Union center. Dr. Harmon was at Gettysburg and saw much hard service during his three years in the Army of the Potomac.

Before enlisting Dr. Harmon had studied medicine for about a year. After leaving the army he resumed his studies and gradu- ated from the Medical Department of the University of Vermont in 1866.

N.ext year he entered upon the practice of medicine and in 1874 removed to Rantoul, where he practiced till his death, Aug. i, 1906. Dr. Harmon at the time of his decease, was a member of the Board of United States Surgeons of Champaign County for the Ex- amination of Pensioners.

Recently a medical friend of Dr. Harmon said of him that "he had done more for humanity and less for himself than any one else he ever knew."

Dr. J. F. Harris was born March 31, 1852 in Spencer Co., Ind., where he grew up on a farm and obtained his preliminary edu- cation in the public schools. Up- on reaching young manhood he entered upon the study of medi- cine and graduated from the Ken- tucky Medical College in 1877. He located for the practice of his profession at St. Anthony, Ind.,

24

DR. J. F. HARRIS.

where he remained till 1883, when he removed to Ogden, 111., where he has ever since been busy an- swering professional calls.

Dr. George W. Hartman was born in Davidson County, North Carolina, April 16, 1827. When but a child of four years George W. removed with his parents to Indiana and when but a mere boy he began the study of medicine and when twenty-one years of age entered upon its practice in Foun- tain County, Indiana. In 1853 he removed to Sidney, 111., and for a period of about twenty-eight years thereafter he was kept busy with his large professional business.

Early in 1881 Dr. Hartman's

DR. GEORGE W. HARTMAN, 1827-1881.

health began to fail and October 12 of that year he died. He was a genial, popular man and his death was greatly deplored by a large circle of friends and patrons.

Dr. C. C. Hawes. See Pioneer Doctors, Champaign Co.

Dr. Apollis R. Hess was born in Hendricks County, Indiana. February 15, 1840. He removed to Illinois when quite young with his parents and received his educa- tion in the common schools. He enlisted in the /ist Illinois Infan- try and served till his time ex- pired, and later joined the i37th Illinois Infantry and served his

DR. HARTWELL C. HOWARD,

time out in that organization. Af- ter the war ended he turned his attention to the study of medicine and later graduated from the Med- ical College of Ohio, Cincinnati. About 1875 he located at Sidney and continued in practice there till a while before his death that occurred May 6, 1897.

Dr. Thomas M. Hess was born at New Albany, Indiana, Septem- ber 22, 1819. Dr. Hess acquired his preliminary education in the common subscription schools of his boyhood days, but later had the advantages of a short course at a Seminary located at Charles- ton, Ind. For a time after reach- ing his majority he engaged in mercantile and other business pur- suits, meanwhile, in the year 1840, he had removed to Westfield, Clark County, Illinois. Some years later he became interested in medicine and began its study. He took his first course of lectures at Starling Medical College, Co- lumbus, Ohio, and in later years graduated at Rush Medical Col- lege, Chicago. In the spring of 1863 Dr. Hess located at Homer •and for more than a quarter of a century thereafter was busy at- tending to the wants of the sick. Early in the eighties he removed to Berwick, Warren County, Illi- nois and practiced medicine there till his death a few vears since.

Dr. Hess was a man of dignified bearing and for many years was a preacher of the Christian, or Campbellite, denomination. He had three sons who were physi- cians, Apollis, who practiced in Sidney, and Wm. H., who later located in Chicago, both of whom are dead, and Smith Hess, who is located in the west.

Dr. H. C. Howard was born at Gates (now within the city limits of Rochester), Xew York, July 12, 1829. When Dr. Howard was a lad of fourteen he removed with his father to Columbus, O., where he lived till young manhood, when he came to Leroy, McLean Coun- ty, Illinois. He received his gen- eral education in the public schools of Xew York and Ohio, and his medical education at Star- ling Medical College, Columbus, from which he graduated in 1850. Dr. Howard began the practice of medicine in Champaign in 1855, fifty-four years ago. He is en- titled to the honor of being one of the oldest men in Champaign county in the active practice of his profession, though Dr. S. S. Salis- bury of Tolono, is his close sec- ond, as he is but ten days young- er than Dr. Howard. Dr. Howard is local surgeon for the Wabash railroad and ex-president of the Staff of the Julia F. Burnham hos- pital.

27

DR. CHARLES A.V HUNT, 1819-1863.

Dr. Charles A. Hunt was born at Trenton, Xe\v Jersey, April 15, 1819. His father died when Charles A. was but thirteen years of age and joining some friends the lad emigrated to ( )hio, and ever after made his own way in the world. Notwithstanding his being thus thrown upon his own resources he succeeded in early acquiring a good English and classical education. He also stud- ied medicine and graduated from the Medical College of ( )hio in 1845. He came to Urbana in 1855 and for a time engaged in the drug business.

Upon the breaking out of the civil war in 1861 Dr. Hunt was commissioned Surgeon of the 1 26th Illinois Infantry.

His regiment participated in the memorable siege of Vicksburg, during which Dr. Hunt's duties in caring for the sick were most arduous and his location being at Haines' Bluff on the Yazoo in- volved especial exposure to ma- laria. The result was he fell seri- ously sick and died at his post of duty August 2, 1863, twenty-nine clays after Vicksburg fell.

By those who knew him Dr. Hunt is spoken of in the highest terms. He is said to have been thoughtful, studious and a writer of no mean ability.

Dr. David Jennings was born in the state of Pennsylvania May 10, 1836, and removed to Ohio when sixteen years of age. He received his education in the common schools of Pennsylvania and Ohio, afterwards taught school, and meanwhile began the study of medicine. Early in the sixties he removed to Illinois and became a resident of Champaign County, from where he enlisted in the 2nd Illinois Cavalry and at the end of the war resumed his studies. Later he graduated from the St. Louis Medical College, St. Louis, Mo. In 1866 Dr. Jennings locat- ed at Old St. Joseph, but upon the building of what is now the Big Four railway, removed to New St. Joseph early in 1870, where he continued in practice till 1879, when he changed his loca- tion to Tolono. Two years later

28

he removed to Sidney. Mean- while his health had been failing and in July, 1881, he died at Sid- ney. His remains were taken to the cemetery at Old St. Joseph for interment and there he lies buried in the midst of a farming community in which he had long- practiced.

DR. CHARLES B. JOHNSON.

Dr. Charles B. Johnson was born on a farm near Pocahontas, Bond Co., 111., Oct. 8, 1843. His boyhood days were divided be- tween work on the farm in sum- mer and attendance upon the pub- lic schools in winter. In 1862 he enlisted in the i^oth 111. Infantry and served till the close of the Civil War, three years later. About half his time he was a private sol-

dier and the remainder Hospital Steward of the regiment where his medical studies began. He is a graduate of the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati, and his first location was at Chatham, Sanga- mon Co., 111. He has practiced his profession in Champaign County since 1871 and in Cham- paign City since 1879. He was a member of the Illinois State Board of Health for eight years and from 1899 to 1902 served as its presi- dent.

Dr. Samuel W. Kincaid was born July 15, 1823, and graduated in medicine from the Medical Col- lege of Ohio in 1853. He prac- ticed medicine at Tolono for a time and in 1855 located at Cham- paign (then West Urbana) for the practice of his profession. Later he removed from Champaign, re- tired from active practice and died May i, 1887. One of Dr. Kin- caid's professional cards was shown the writer that was printed in 1855. Following is a copy.

S. W. KINCAID, M. D.

Physician and Surgeon,

West Urbana.

Office one door west of the Doane house.

Dr. Edwin A. Kratz was born in Plumsteadville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, July 12, 1844. He received his education in the pub-

29

DR. EDWIN A. KRATZ.

lie schools. He enlisted in the 198th Pennsylvania Infantry and saw much exceptionally hard ser- vice in Grant's closing campaign against Lee that brought the end of the war. Near Dinwiddie Court House Dr. Kratz was most seriously wounded by a musket ball that he received in his lungs and that passed through both arms. Not long after the war he took up the study of medicine and in 1869 graduated from the Medical Department of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. Immedi- ately after graduation he took up the practice of his profession at

Champaign. For many years Dr. Kratz has been United States Surgeon for Pensions and for a long period was Secretary of the Pension Board and in this ca- pacity did most efficient service.

Dr. Kratz has held a number of important offices. For several terms he has represented his town- ship on the Board of Supervisors and from 1894 to 1898 was Coun- ty Treasurer. He is moreover prominent in Masonic circles.

DR. JOSEPH M. LAWSON.

Dr. Joseph M. Lawson was born in Armstrong Co., Penn., Apr. i, 1858. He grew up on a farm and as leisure afforded attended the country schools, and

later Dayton Union College. Up- on reaching young manhood he entered the office of his uncle Dr. Wesley Lawson at Homer, 111., and began the study of medicine. He graduated in medicine at the University of Michigan in 1885 and the same year located at Sid- ney, 111., where he has ever since been actively engaged in practice.

DR. A. M. LINDLEY.

Dr. A. M. Lindley was born in Tuscarawas Co. Ohio, Sept. 10, 1856 and while yet an infant re- moved with his parents to Urbana, 111., where he received his prelim- inary education in the public schools. Subsequently he at- tended the University of Illinois and later entered the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery

from which he graduated in 1880. He at once became associated with his father in the practice of medicine at Urbana and has ever since been actively engaged in professional work.

DR. MAHLON LINDLEY.

Dr. Mahlon Lindley was born July 22, 1833, at Fredericktown, Ohio. In the spring of 1857 ne located in Urbana and now, al- though entering on his fifty-sec- ond year of practice in Champaign County, is nearly as active as when he was forty years of age. Dr. Lindley is local surgeon for the Big Four railway, a position he has held since the building of that road forty years ago.

31

Dr. James H. Lyon. See Pion- eer Doctors Champaign County.

DR. J. D. MAXDEVILLE.

Dr. John D. Mandeville was 1)orn December 18, 1844, near the village of Ovid, Seneca County, New York. When fourteen years of age he removed with his par- ents to Champaign County, Illi- nois, where he has since resided. He attended the public schools and when older taught school. Upon the breaking out of the civil war he served for a time in the 67th Illinois Infantry; also was a soldier in the I33rd Illinois Infan- try. After returning from the army Dr. Mandeville began the studv of medicine and subse-

quently graduated at Rush Medi- cal College, Chicago.

In March, 1868, he located at Philo and did a good business till he removed to Champaign in 1900, lacking but one year of rounding out a third of a century where he first began to respond to sick calls. Dr. Mandeville is now a resident of Champaign and is actively en- gaged in the practice of his pro- fession. For some time he has affiliated with the Prohibition party and in 1898 was that party's candidate for state senator.

DR. JOHN MARTEN.

Dr. John Marten was born at Carbondale, 111., April 3, 1857. Received his preliminary educa- tion in the public schools and at the Southern State Normal Uni-

32

versity, Carbondale, from which he graduated in 1883. For a con- siderable period he devoted him- self to teaching and during this time filled a number of important and responsible educational posi- tions. Meanwhile he became an earnest student of entomology and for a number of years was assist- ant in this Department to Prof. S. A. Forbes at the University of Il- linois. Later he entered upon the study of medicine and graduated from Rush Medical College, Chi- cago, 1897. The same year he lo- cated at Tolono, 111., where he has ever since been actively engaged professionally.

DR. CHARLES W. MARTINIE.

Dr. Charles W... Martinie was born Nov. 7, 1847 m Henry Coun- ty, Kentucky. He passed his early boyhood days working on his father's farm and attending the neighborhood schools. He began the study of medicine with his un- cle, Dr. C. E. Triplitte of Morocco, Ind., and during the winter of 1869-70 attended his first course of lectures at Rush Medical Col- lege, Chicago. In 1870 he located at Palermo, 111., and practiced his profession there till the fall of 1873, when he went to Cincinnati and matriculated at Miami College from which he graduated in the spring of 1874. He returned to Palermo and continued busy in professional work in that locality till 1892 when he removed to Lin- coln, 111., where he engaged in practice till 1896 when he changed his location to Urbana, 111., where he now resides and practices his profession when it suits his con- venience. Dr. Martinie owns a large body of land in the heart of the Illinois corn belt.

Dr. Clarence B. McClelland was born in Decatur March 24, 1862, where he received his pre- liminary education and grew to manhood. He studied medicine and graduated from Rush Medical College in 1887. He was in gen- eral practice for a time, after which he took special courses in Chicago and New York. In 1896 he located in Champaign and

33

made a specialty of diseases of the a Champaign County boy, who is eye, ear, nose and throat. Professor of Surgery in the Medi-

He at once entered upon an ex- cal Apartment of the University cellent business, which continued till his health failed. In the latter part of 1898 his condition became serious and in March, 1899, he died, regretted by all who knew him.

Dr. Daniel P. McClurc was born in Washington County, Pennsyl- vania, August 28, 1837. Ik- came of Scotch, ancestry and got his preliminary education in the common schools and at Hayes- ville Academy. He began tin- study of medicine in 1859 and in 1861 entered the army as Assist- ant Surgeon of the 64th Ohio In- fantry. His regiment was at Shi- loh. Stone River. Mission Ridge. Chickamauga, Chattanooga and many other engagements.

Dr. McClure graduated from the Charity Hospital Medical Col- lege, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1867. The same ye*ir he came to Illinois, located in Champaign City for t;vo years and thon removed to Ran- toul in 1869, where he practiced for about eighteen years, when his health gave way and he was obliged to try a change of climate. He went to West Point, Miss., and remained there four or five years and finally died in the early nineties. Dr. McClure was the preceptor of Dr. D. A. K. Steele, a well known Chicago Surgeon and

34

DR. D. R. McKINNEY, 1837-1903.

Dr. D. R. McKinney was born at Piqua ,Ohio, April 15, 1837, and obtained his education in the common schools; in September, 1863, he enlisted in the 9th Indi- ana Cavalry and served till the end of the war. Upon leaving the army he turned his attention to medicine and attended lectures at Miami Medical College, Cincin- nati. Later he graduated from In- diana Medical College, Indianap- olis.

In 1868 he located in the north

eastern part of Champaign Coun- ty, at Burr Oak Grove, and here continued in practice till 1877, when he removed his office to Gif- ford, then a newly located railway station. Dr. McKinney remained in active practice at Gifford for about twenty years, when failing health induced him to remove to Indiana, where later he was hon- ored with the Presidency of the Delaware County Medical Society; and also was a member of the Muncie, Indiana Board of United States Surgeons for Pension Ex- aminations. His death occurred Sept. 28, 1903, Champaign.

Indiana, and removed with his parents to Champaign Co. 111., in 1868. He received his education in the common schools, the Ur- bana High School and 111. State Normal School. For a time he taught school and later began the study of medicine in the office of his father, Dr. D. R. McKinney. In 1883 he graduated from Indi- ana Medical College and some years later took a post-graduate course in the medical department of the Northwestern University. In 1883 he located at Gifford, 111., and has ever since been in active practice at that place.

DR. THOMAS J. McKINNEY. DR JOSEpH T. MILLER.

Dr. T. J. McKinney was born Negtor Qf the Medical Profession in 'Nov. 29, 1859, in Delaware, Co., Champaign County.

35

Dr. Joseph T. Miller was born in Butler County, Ohio, February 5, 1830. While Dr. Miller was a child his father removed to Indiana and fol- lowed the life of a farmer. Young Miller worked on the farm and at- tended the country schools till he was eighteen years of age, when for a time he attended Wabash College. Afterward he taught school and meantime began the study of medicine. Later he grad- uated from Rush Medical College, Chicago. Dr. Miller located in Urbana in 1853 and has been in continuous practice in Champaign County longer than any other physician and is consequently our Medical Xestor. He was at one time mayor of Urbana. During the civil war he was surgeon of the 6oth 111. Infantry with the rank of major.

Dr. Charles H. Mills was born at Dumberton, New Hampshire, August 12, 1824. When fourteen years of age he removed with his parents to Michigan, where till he- was twenty-one years of age his time was divided between working on the farm and attending school. He afterwards attended the Uni- versity of Michigan for a time and in 1851 graduated from Cleve- land Medical College. He came to Illinois in 1854 and located in Urbana, where he practiced medi- cine till the autumn of 1856, when he removed to Champaign, then

DR. CHARLES M. MILLS, 1823-1897.

West Urbana, opened an office and began answering calls.

In September, 1862, he joined the army as Assistant Surgeon of the 1 25th Illinois Infantry. In a little time he was promoted to Sur- geon's place in the regiment with the rank of Major. He served till the end of the war in 1865. In the winter of 1864 he received a medical degree from the Univer- sity of Xashville.

Dr. Mills died of angina pectoris July 6, 1907.

Dr. Ellen Miner was born on a farm in Hensley Township, Cham- paign County, Illinois, where she

36

DR. ELLEN MINER.

grew to young womanhood and meanwhile acquired her prelimi- nary education in the public schools. In 1893 sne graduated from the Medical Department of Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, and for a number of years has been actively engaged profes- sionally at her home in Champaign City.

Dr. John M. Minturn was born in Kentucky in 1849 an<^ graduat- ed from the College of Medicine and Surgery, Cincinnati, in 1884. He located in Rantoul in 1884 and practiced medicine there till his health gave way in 1890. In 1893 he died at the home of his child-

hood in Kentucky. Dr. Minturn was a member of the Champaign County Board of United States Surgeons for Pensions Examina- tion from 1885 till 1889.

Dr. Benjamin G. Morris located at LTrbana in an early day, later re- moved to Philo, and was the first doctor in that place. He, however, did not remain in active practice long. His death occurred at Philo in September, 1879. The place and date of his birth can not be given. He is said to have been a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania.

Dr. James E. Morrison was born in Buffalo, New York, July 4, 1834, and when a small boy re- moved with his parents to north- ern Illinois where he grew to man- hood. He got his preliminary ed- ucation in the common schools and at Knox College. When a young man he began the study of medicine and later graduated from Hahnemann Medical College, Chi- cago. Dr. Morrison practiced at Paxton, 111., a number of years and in 1880 removed to Urbana, where he is yet in practice.

Dr. Philip C. Mosier was born December 31, 1827, in Harrison County, Indiana. In his boyhood he worked on the farm and attend- ed the primary subscription schools that were taught in the log cabins that served in that day as school houses.

37

DR. PHILLIP C. MOSIER, 1827-1900.

When eighteen years of age he taught school and a little later be- gan the study of medicine. After studying for a due period he began the practice of medicine in Milford, Indiana, but at the expiration of two years removed to Illinois. He

arrived at Homer, Champaign County, April 15, 1851, and at once entered upon the practice of his profession.

Dr. Hosier obtained his money for equipping himself to begin the practice by teaching school. In

38

the middle of the Nineteenth Cen- tury teachers were poorly paid and drugs and instruments were high. Quinine was five dollars per ounce and opium eight dollars a pound. Dr. Mosier's work was laborious in the extreme. Long rides, unbridged streams, hard- ships of every kind and little ready money among his patrons. But Dr. Hosier was hardheaded enough to see that the black, rich loam of Champaign County was in reality a mine of wealth and by some means managed to get hold of four hundred acres in Homer Township. Upon this he planted orchards and made other needed improvements.

This farm and other business matters began to need so much of his attention that in 1859 he re- tired from practice. His business venture prospered and in 1900 Dr. Mosier died a wealthy man.

Dr. W. K. Newcomb was born in Lyons, Iowa, April 6, 1857, and obtained his preliminary education in the Public Schools and at Gem City College, Quincy, Illinois. Af- ter teaching for a time he entered the office of Dr. W. G. Cochrane, Farmer City, 111., and began the study of medicine. Later he ma- triculated at Rush Medical Col- lege, Chicago, from which he re- ceived the degree of M. D. in 1882. Soon after he located at Fisher, 111., where he did a laborious coun- try practice till 1896, when he

DR. W. K. NEWCOMB.

went abroad for a season and re- turning home removed to Cham- paign City, opened an office and soon became actively engaged in professional work and is so occu- pied today. For a number of years Dr. Xewcomb has faithfully repre- sented the profession in his vicin- ity by serving as councilor of the 8th District of the Illinois State Medical Society.

Dr. John North was born in the year 1841 in Coshocton County, Ohio. He was a well educated man and a graduate in medicine, but from what college cannot now be learned.

Upon the breaking out of the

39

civil war he enlisted as a private, but in what regiment is not known. Later he was promoted to a Lieu- tenant.

Towards the close of his army service he acted as Hospital In- spector, and Captain.

This service was the real begin- ning of his professional career. He located in Rantoul in 1865 and practiced there till 1873, when he removed west . In 18(^3 he re- turned to Rantoul and soon after died in that village.

DR. SAMUEL K. PAGE, 1810-1893

Dr. Samuel K. Page was born in New Hampshire in 1810, was a student of Dr. Reuben D. Mussey, the noted surgeon. Dr. Page

came to Champaign in 1857 and very soon after entered upon a laborious practice. Some twenty- five years lairer he retired from ac- tive practice and in 1893 died in Champaign at the advanced age of 83 yeais. Dr. Page was a genial, pleasant man and a good prac- tical physician, whose kind words and good deeds are cherished remembrances of his old patrons.

DR. JOHN T. PEARMAN, 1829-1896.

Dr. John T. Pearman was born October 26, 1829, in Hardin County, Kentucky. He grew to manhood on the farm and obtained his education attending the winter schools. Upon reaching young manhood he came to Illinois and

4Q

for a time taught school. Later he began the study of medicine and in 1858 graduated from Rush Medical College. His first loca- tion for practice was in Edgar County, Illinois, but in 1864 he re- moved to Champaign City, where he was in active practice till his health failed in the latter part of the year 1895. May 26, 1896, Dr. Pearman died, regretted by a large circle of admiring friends and ap- preciative patrons.

Dr. Pearman was a man of ex- ceptionally fine social qna1iti?s and filled several important posi- tions. I <"or many years he was tin- Champaign Division Surgeon for the Illinois Central railway: for a time was a member of the Cham- paign County Board of United States Surgeons for Pension Ex- aminations; was for six years a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, and also was for a very long period a member of the Champaign Board of Education.

Dr. J. L. Polk was born at Bridgeville, Del., Nov. 23, 1841. Obtained his preliminary educa- tion in the common schools and at Milton Academy. Upon reaching manhood began the study of med- icine and graduated from Jeffer- son Medical College in 1868 and for a time was interne in Blocklev Hospital. He began the practice of medicine at Arcola, 111., in 1868, where for manv vears he continued

DR. JOHN L. POLK.

to be actively engaged profession- ally. He is now a resident of Champaign City.

Dr. J. T. Purcell was born in Sardinia, ( )hio, September 22, 1844, and received his education in the common schools of his na- tive state. October 15, 1861, he enlisted in the nth Ohio Cavalry, in which organization he served till discharged, July 14, 1866, five years and nine months later, com- pleting, it is believed, the longest volunteer service of any present resident of Champaign County who gave his services througn the civil war. Began the study of medicine by attendance upon lec-

DR. J. T. PURCELL.

tures at Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, and later graduated from Indiana Medical College, In- dianapolis. In 1869 began prac- tice in Indiana, and in March, 1877, came to Illinois and located at St. Joseph, where he has since been doing a large, laborious prac- tice.

Dr. George T. Rowland was born Dec. 31, 1852, in the City of Louisville, Ky., and received his education in the public schools and at the Xaverian Brothers School, Louisville. Upon reaching young manhood he began the study of medicine and graduated from the Louisville Medical College in

1876. First practiced his profes- sion in Missouri. In 1881 re- moved to Homer, Champaign County, where he was busy pro- fessionally till 1898, when he changed his location to Martins- ville, 111., where he is now in prac- tice.

Dr. John S. Saddler. See Pion- eer Doctors, Champaign Co.

DR. SAMUEL SCOTT SALISBURY.

Dr. S. S. Salisbury of Tolono was born near Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio, July 22, 1829. Af- ter graduating in medicine from Cleveland Medical College he practiced medicine a few years in his own state. But, thinking the West might afford better oppor- tunities for a young man, he, in

42

1861, came to Champaign County and located in Tolono, where he is yet doing an active, laborious practice. As said elsewhere he is but ten days younger than Dr. Howard and like the latter is one of. the oldest physicians in the county that assiduously attends to the details of practice.

DR. HOMER A. SHAW.

Dr. Homer A. Shaw was born in Lancaster, Ohio, Nov. 26, 1827. Was educated in the common schools and academy. He studied Latin, German and other higher branches of learning. Upon reach- ing young manhood began the study of medicine and received the degree of M. D. from Starling Medcial College, Columbus, Ohio,

in 1852 and located at Lancaster, Ohio. Upon the breaking out of the civil war became assistant sur- geon of the loth Ohio Infantry, wherein he served till 1864 when he was made acting staff surgeon, U. S. A., and had charge of a field hospital. In 1866 he located at Homer, 111., for the practice of his profession and has been so en- gaged ever since.

Dr. R. W. Shumaker was born in Kanawha County, West Vir- ginia, May 22, 1825. Studied medicine and graduated from Cleveland Medical College. Was the first physician to come to Champaign City and located there in the fall of 1854. Remained there in practice till the fall of 1857, when he moved away. Dur- ing the civil war he was connected with a hospital in Louisville, Ken- tucky, but whether in the capacity of a civil or military surgeon is not known. Dr. Shumaker died at Louisville in 1864.

Dr. William B. Sims was born in Blount County, Tennessee, April 14, 1836. When but four years of age his parents removed to Ed- gar County, Illinois. Young Sims worked on the farm and attended the common school till he was thirteen years of age when he learned the shoemaker's trade, which he followed industriously for fifteen years. Upon the break- ing out of the war he left the

43

shoemaker's bench and enlisted in the 4th Illinois Cavalry. He be- gan the study of medicine in 1866 and subsequently graduated at Louisville Medical College. He located at St. Joseph in the spring of 1870 and was engaged in prac- tice there till 1883, when he re- moved to Urbana, where he yet lives.

Dr John W. Scroggs was born March 12, 1817 in Harrison County, Ohio. When but ten years of age his mother died aiul in consequence the family was scattered and young Scroggs was thrown on his own resources when very young. He divided his time between work on the farm and at- tendance upon the subscription schools of the neriod. He be- came interested in medicine, stud- ied that science and finally gradu- ated in medicine at Cincinnati about 1840 and in the same year began practice at Wilmington, Ohio. In 1857 he located at Champaign, where for a time In- engaged in practice, but later quit it for other pursuits. He was at one time proprietor of the Central Il- linois Gazette, predecessor of The Champaign Gazette. In 1868 Dr. Scroggs was elected to the Illi- nois Legislature and served one term. He did his part in getting the University of Illinois located in Champaign County and by Gov- ernor Oglesby was appointed one of its trustees. In 1871 Dr.

Scroggs began to suffer with symp- toms of paralysis and two years later December 25, 1873, nad an apoplectic stroke from which he died January 3, 1874.

DR. ELIJAH S. SMITH.

Elijah S. Smith was born near Bloomington, Ind., March 18, 1856, and while in his early teens removed with his parents to a farm near Charleston, 111. His early years were divided between farm work and attendance at the nearby country school. Later he attended Lee's Academy at Loxa, 111., and finally became a student at the University of Illinois. For seventeen years of his life he taught school, and during this

44

period became the recipient of a life-certificate from the Illinois State Educational Authorities, and moreover filled a number of impor- tant and responsible positions in his chosen profession. But notwith- standing his success in teaching he finally turned to medicine and in 1893 entered the Chicago Homeo- pathic College, from which he graduated in 1896. Soon af- ter graduation he located for the practice of his profession in Ur- bana and has ever since been ac- tivelv engaged in professional work in that citv.

DR. WINSTON SOMERS, 1800-1871.

Dr. Winston Somers. See Pion- eer Doctors Champaign Co.

W. H. Stevens. See Pioneer Doctors Champaign Co.

Dr. Charles A. Thompson was born March 27, 1824, at Sandus- ky, Ohio. When very young he removed with his parents to Mich- igan where he grew up on a farm. At the age of 21 he began the study of medicine and in 1849 graduated from a Medical College at La Porte, Ind. After practicing a few years elsewhere he located at Urbana in 1856 and was there busy in practice when the civil war broke out in April 1861. He at once entered the service as As- sistant Surgeon of the 25th Illi- nois Infantry. In November he was transferred to the I3th Illinois Infantry, in which organization he served as Assistant Surgeon till its term of service expired, when Dr. Thompson was given the Sur- geon's place in the cjoth Illinois Infantry. He served during the whole period of the war.

After the war Dr. Thompson lo- cated in Jefferson City, Mo., where he for many years had a large practice. For perhaps a quarter of a century Dr. Thompson was a zealous member of the Missouri State Medical Association and for the period of sixteen years was its Treasurer For many years he was the local Surgeon of the Mis- souri Pacific, and also for a time was a member of the local Board of United States Surgeons for

45

Pension Examinations. Dr. came actively engaged in profes- Thompson died at his home in sional duties. In 1900 he removed Jefferson City, Mo., December 15, to Urbana and opened an office 1897, in his seventy-fourth year. there and has since been busy in

practice.

DR. C. L. VAXDOREX.

Dr. C. L. VanDoren was born at Farmington, 111., May 21, 1857.

His boyhood days were divided between farm work and attendance at the neighborhood schools. Up- on reaching manhood he deter- mined to make medicine his life vocation and with this end in view entered Bennett Medical College, Chicago, from which he graduated in 1 88 1. Immediately upon com- pleting his medical education Dr. Van Doren located at Hope, Ver- milion Co., 111., where he soon be-

DR. T. E. WALKER.

Dr.T.E. Walker was born Aug- ust i, 1845, m Boone Co., Ind. His early days were divided between farm work and attendance upon the neighborhood schools. Later he went to Butler University, In- dianapolis and finally decided to make medicine his life business. He graduated from Indiana Medi- cal School in 1880 and for two years practiced medicine in his na- tive State. In 1880 he located at Penfieldjlll., where he remained in

46

practice two years, when he re- moved to Gifford, 111., where he has ever since been actively en- gaged in professional work.

Springfield, 111., and -is now follow- ing professional work there.

DR. CARRIE N. WHITE.

Dr. Carrie N. White was born at New Albany, Indiana, and ob- tained her preliminary education in the public schools and at Jack- sonville College, Jacksonville, 111. Upon arriving at the age of young womanhood she entered upon the study of medicine and graduated from the Woman's Medical Col- lege, Chicago, in 1883. With her husband, Dr. J. E. White, she lo- cated in Urbana in 1888, where she remained in practice till 1900 when she removed with him to

DR. J. E. WHITE.

Dr. J. E. White was born at Lo- gan, Ohio, in 1854 and obtained his preliminary education in the public schools. After attaining manhood he entered upon the study of medicine and graduated from Rush Medical College, Chi- cago, in 1883.

Early in his professional career Dr. White located in Urbana, 111., where he continued in practice till 1906 when he removed to Spring- field, 111., where he has since been in practice. He now holds the po- sition of Supreme Medical Direct- or of the Court of Honor.

47

DR. Z. T. WHITMIRE, 1868-1900.

Dr. Z. T. Whitmire was born in Metamora, 111., about 1866, and obtained his education in the com- mon schools and University of Il- linois, from which he graduated in due time.

He entered upon the study of medicine soon after completing his preliminary education and received his M. D. degree from Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1890. The same year he located for the practice of his profession at Tolono, 111., re- mained there two years and then removed to Urbana, where he re-

mained till his death which oc- curred in December, 1899.

Dr. L. S. Wilcox was born in Lacon, Illinois, in the year 1847. In boyhood he worked on a farm and attended the common schools and later graduated from the Northwestern University. H* took up the study of medicine and in 1873 graduated from Long Is- land Medical College, Brooklyn. He located in Champaign in 1875 and very soon had a good practice, which he kept for about fifteen years, when President Harrison appointed him Revenue Collector for the Springfield District, a posi- tion he held for four years. In 1897 he was appointed Consul at Hankow, China, by President Mc- Kinley. While a resident of Champaign Dr. Wilcox was sev- eral times Supervisor of the Town- ship and served as Mayor of Champaign City two or three terms.

Dr. Wilcox is now living in re- tirement at Los Angeles, Cali- fornia.

While none of the following are physicians, they have all to a greater or less extent been asso- ciated with medical work in Cham- paign County.

Thomas J. Burrill, LL. D., Ph. D., was born April 25, 1839, at

DR. LEVI S. WiLCOX.

JONATHAN T. BURRILL, Ph. D.. LL. D.

Pittsfield, Mass. Received his preliminary education at the Illi- nois Normal School from which he graduated in 1865. He has been connected with the University of Illinois since its organization, is now its Vice President and served as acting President from 1901 and 1904 and fills the chair of Botany and Horticulture. Has made a special study of diseases of plants and as a Scientist has an inter-na- tional reputation. Is a member of several scientific societies in Amer- ica and Europe. Dr. Burrill is an honorary member of the Cham- paign County Medical Society and has done not a little in sanitation.

John Milton Gregory, Ph. D., LL. D., was born at Sand Lake, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., July 6, 1822. Graduated from Union Col- lege in 1846. After two years' study of law, studied theology and for a number of years was pastor of a Baptist church. In 1858 was elected State Superintendent of Instruction of Michigan, and in 1863 became President of Kala- mazoo, College, Michigan. In 1867 was elected Regent of Illinois In- dustrial University (later Univer- sity of Illinois.) He served as this Institution's Regent (President) till 1880 and more than all others shaped and moulded the school that it might grow into its present proud position. In 1877 Governor Cullom appointed Dr. Gregory a member of the Illinois State Board of Health at the date of its organ- ization. During his mem- bership he was elected Presi- dent of the Board and by his ready pen and forceful speech did much to start the Board of Health along right lines. From 1882 to 1885 he was a member of the Civil Service Commission under Presi- dent Arthur.

Dr. Gregory died October 20, 1898, and by his request was bur- ied on the campus of the Univer- sity of Illinois.

Stephen A. Forbes, LL. D., Ph. D., was born May 29, 1844, at Silver Creek, 111. Obtained his

50

JOHN MILTON GREGORY. Ph. D., LL. D.

STEPHEN A. FORBES. Ph. D., LL. D

preliminary education in the pub- lic schools, 1'eloit College and Rush Medical College. Dr. Forbes is a Scientist of interna- tional reputation and is a member of a number of Scientific Societies both at home and abroad. For many years he has been Illinois State Entomologist and is now Di- rector of the State Laboratory of Natural History. For a number of years he served as Dean of the College of Science, University of Illinois, and in this institution fills the chair of Zoology and En- tomology. He is an honorary member of the Champaign County Medical Society.

.MISS FRANCES NORTH.

Superintendent Julia F. Burnham Hospital.

Miss Frances Xorth was born at Edgewood, Efifingham County, Illinois, and when eleven years of age removed with her parents to Sparta. Michigan, where she grew to young womanhood, meanwhile obtaining her education in the common schools. In 1891 she en- tered the Training School for Nurses at Grace Hospital, Detroit, Mich. , from which she graduated in 1893. After following her pro- fession for a time in Michigan, she came to Champaign, 111., where in 1896 she entered the Julia F. Burnham Hospital, in which for many years she has ren- dered most efficient service as Su- perintendent.

52

THE CHAMPAIGN COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY

With the coming of the Illinois Central and Wabash Railways in the early fifties, the population of Champaign County increased rap- idly. And with the increase of population came more doctors, enough in fact, to a little later jus- tify the formation of a Medical Society.

At this late day it is not possi- ble to give the names of all the doctors in attendance upon its first meeting. But among those present were Drs. H. C. Howard and C. H. Mills of Champaign and Dr. J. T. Miller of Urbana. It is a matter for congratulation that two of these men are yet with us. and well preserved in hearty old age.

In 1860, the year following its organization, the Society pub lished in pamphlet form its con- stitution, together with the Code of Ethics of the American Medi- cal Association. A copy of this publication, the property of Dr. E. A. Kratz, dim, faded and yellow with age, is before the writer of these pages.

Quoting from this old pamph- let we find that Article II of the Constitution declares: "The ob- jects contemplated by this Associ- ation are: i, The establishment and maintenance of union, har- mony and good government

among its members, thereby pro- moting the character, interest, honor and usefulness of the pro- fession. II. The cultivation and advancement of medical science and literature by the collection, diffusion, interchange, preserva- tion and general circulation of medical knowledge among its members."

Article VI, Section I, of the constitution declares that, "Any member who shall be guilty of gross misconduct, either as a mem- ber of this association or citizen of the community, and shall be palpably derelict in duty, either as a member or officer shall be liable to expulsion, or such other cen- sure as the society may direct."

Following is the published list of members in 1860: S. L. Bearse. Robert H. Brown. A. Jackson Crane. Wm. M. Goodwin. H. C. Howard. John F. Isom. S. W. Kincaid. J. T. Miller. C. H. Mills. Samuel K. Page. Winston Somers. John Swain. M. B. Thompson. C. A. Thompson.

53

Thus the Champaign County Medical Society entered on its ca- reer of usefulness fifty years ago; and earnestly sought to bring about "The establishment of un- ion, harmony and good govern- ment among its members," and "the cultivation and advancement of medical science and literature by the collection, diffusion, inter- change, preservation and general circulation of medical knowledge among its members."

That these most desirable ob- jects have, at least to a degree, been attained, no one familiar with the workings of this society will question.

With the history of the Cham- paign County Medical Society during the first fifteen years of its existence, the writer knows noth- ing only what he has gleaned from its records and conversation with the pioneer members. But of its work since, he can speak with some authority; for more than a third of a century he has had the privilege of being one of its mem- bers, and for about ten years served as its secretary. Some one has said that the secretary of a medical society is the society. This is strong language, neverthe- less a secretary has very much to do in making a medical society a success, or the reverse.

In 1874, Dr. M. S. Brown was secretary of the society and did his work especially well. In a

year or two he was succeeded by Dr. L. S. Wilcox, who filled the place acceptably for several years. The last half of the seventies was a most prosperous period for the society and the men who at that time might be referred to as its pillars were Drs. Wm. M. Good- win, M. S. Brown and S. H. Bir- ney of Urbana; Drs. H. C. How- ard and J. T. Pearman of Cham- paign; Dr. A. T. Darrah of Tolo- no: Drs. Jas. Core and T. M. Hess of Homer: Dr. (i. W. Hartman of Sidney and Dr. David Jennings of St. Joseph. The meetings oc- curred monthly and the society was "on wheels," as one of the members expressed it: That is, meetings were held at various towns in the County. Besides Champaign and Urbana it met in Tolono, Pliilo, Sidney, Homer, Rantoul, etc. At most of these meetings some hospitable member threw open his doors, especiallv the one that led to the dining room, where would be found a table literally groaning under its weight of good things from which every doctor was expected to feast heartily. The social features of these meetings added not a little to the attendance and interest. Frequently three sessions were held, namely, a forenoon, an af- ternoon and an evening session. The papers read were carefully prepared and never failed to call out full and animated discussions.

54

Almost to a man the older mem- bers of the society were at this time good off hand talkers and what the younger members may have lacked in this direction they sought to, in a measure, make up by preparing carefully written pa- pers.

An edition of the constitution and by-laws published at this per- iod shows a list of twenty-three members. And as an illustration of the mutations of time it is in- teresting to note that of these twenty-three doctors thirteen are dead, three have moved out of the County, and one, strange to say, has grown rich, but not in the practice of medicine, as many years ago he changed his calling He is to-day a farmer and stock raiser on an extensive scale and can count his cattle on a thousand hills — corn hills. And only six of the above named twenty-three members are left in Champaign County to practice medicine.

With the advent of the eighties the society passed into a period when not much interest was taken in its meetings. Several causes conduced to this state of relative apathy. One was the fact that several of the old "wheel horses" so to speak, were lost to the soci- ety by death or removal from the county. But the organization was faithfully kept up and not long af- ter the advent of the nineties the society received a new impetus

and entered upon the highly pros- perous career that for about twen- ty years past it has been enjoying. One reason for this renewed life is the fact that a great many bright, active, new men have come into the County. The meetings of the Champaign County Medical Soci- ety occur near the middle of each month, are well attended and much interest is manifested in them by those in attendance. Two or three papers are presented at each session and these unfailing- ly draw out free discussions.

FORTIETH ANNIVERSARY. In May, 1899, the Champaign County Medical Society celebrat- ed its fortieth Anniversary by a Banquet at the Beardsley in Champaign. Drs. C. H. Mills and H. C. Howard (Dr. J. T. Miller unable to attend,) representatives of the founders of the society, were the guests of honor. Thirty- six sat down to the table.

Following is a copy of the toasts on this occasion: Our Society: Its Home and Its Founders.

Dr. Chas. B. Johnson. "They builded better than they

knew."

Our Society: Its Beginning.

Dr. C. H. Mills. (One of the founders.) "There were giants in those days.'

55

Our Society: Its Beginning and the Pioneer.

tv.

Physicians of Champaign Coun- Dr. H. C. Howard.

"In ancient days they used to praise,

The God-like art of healing — An art that then engaged all men

Possessed of sense and feeling."

Our Society: In Days Gone By. Dr. M. S. Brown.

"There are no days like the good

old days —

The days when we were youth- ful; When human-kind were pure

mind,

And speech and deeds were truthful."

Our Dead.

Dr. J. D. Mandeville.

"Out yonder in the moonlight, wherein God's acre lies,

Go Angels walking to and fro, singing their lullabies.

Sleep, oh sleep!

The shepherd guardeth his

sheep:

Fast speedeth the night away, Soon cometh the glorious day: Sleep, weary ones, while ye

may —

Sleep, oh sleep."

The Country Doctor.

Dr. D. R. Brower.

"But though he sees death and

disease

Run riot all around him, Patient and true and valorous too,

Such have I always found him/'

The City Doctor.

Dr. W. H. Graham.

How blest is he who knows no

cleaner strife Than art's long battle with the

foes of life! No doubt assails him, doing still

his best

And trusting kindly nature for the rest.

— Oliver Wendell Holmes.

The Doctor in Literature. Dr. O. B. Will.

"A heap, indeed of what we read By doctors is provided

For to those groves Apollo loves His learning is decided." The Medical Man as Seen

Through the Eyes of a Lawyer. Col. J. S. Wolfe.

"Upon an average twice a week, When anguish clouds my brow,

My good physician friend I seek To know what ails me now."

When the toasts had all been given, certificates of life member- ship were conferred upon the fol-

lowing gentlemen, who had be- longed to the Champaign County Medical Society twenty-five years or more:

Dr. M. S. Brown, Dr. H. C. Howard, Dr. C. B. Johnson, Dr. E. A. Kratz, Dr. J. D. Mandeville, Dr. D. R. McKinney, Dr. C. H. Mills, Dr. J. T. Miller.

"So we dream and dream of the

good old times, And our hearts grow tenderer,

fonder, As those dear old dreams bring

soothing gleams Of Heaven away off yonder."

Following is a list of members in 1899: James M. Bartholow, W. F. Bures, T. |. Burrill (hono- rary), W. B. Dillon, J. T. Miller, H. W. Miller, C. N. White, and J. E. White, Urbana; C. M. Craig, H. E. Gushing, J. C. Dodds, J. H. Finch, T. A. Fujlenwider, W. L. Gray, H. C. Howard, C. B. John- son, E. A. Kratz, J. D. Mande- ville, C. H. Mills, Ellen Miner, W. K. Newcomb, J. O. Pearman, F. H. Powers, Charles Spears, R. D. Shurtz, S. W. Shurtz, W. L. Schowengerdt and A. S. Wall. Champaign; J. C. Harmon, John Laughlin and J. S. Mason, Ran- toul; H. E. Dunlap, John Marten, and S. S. Salisbury, Tolono: J. M.

Hadden, Seymour; J. A. Hoffman and Z. E. Matheny, Pesotum; T. E. Walker and T. J. McKinney, Gifford; J. T. Purcell, St. Joseph; John H. Gardiner, Mahomet; J. W. Turner and G. L. Williamson, Homer; S. J. Hicks, Ivesdale; L. O. Sale and R. P. Dowd, Fisher; E. H. Kinchelow, Sidney; J. V. Champion, Mansfield; W. F. Mat- son, Monticello; D. R. McKinney, Oaksville, Ind.; M. S. Brown. Danville; L. S. Wilcox, Hankow. China.

Of the above. Dr. T. J. Burrill is an honorary member. And Drs. Brown, Howard, Johnson, Kratz. Mandeville, D. R. McKinney. Mills and J. T. Miller are life mem- bers in consequence of twenty-fivp years or longer membership in the societv.

LIST OF MEMBERS IN 1909

Alpers, J. H., Ranloul Baker, H. W. Baker, Nellie M., Urbana Burres, W. F., Urbana Bartholow, J. M., Urbana Brayshaw, Jos., Homer Brewer, E. M., Rantoul Bundy, H. W., Pesotum Craig, C. M., Champaign Davis, C. S., Champaign Diller, F. S., Rantoul Dicks, T. A., Broadland D'llon, Wm., Urbana Dodds, J. C., Champaign Dowd, R. P., Fisher Exton, Lucy A., Thomasboro Exton, T. J., Thomasboro

57

Finch, J. H., Champaign

Gray, W. L. Champaign

Gulick, C. D., Urbana

Hadden, J. M., Seymour

Hanmore, J. J., Urbana

Hoffman, J. A., Pesotum

Howard, H. C., Champaign

Hough, C. F., Champaign

Hicks, S. J., Ivesdale

Honn, W. M., Champaign

Hilgenberg, J. F., Pesotum

Johnson, C. B., Champaign

Jesse, R. L., Philo

Kariher, H. C., Champaign

Kratz, E. A., Champaign

Kinchloe, E. W., Glenn Ferry Idaho

Kelso, C. E., Champaign

Lyons, Jennie, Champaign

Lowery, J. E., Homer

Lamb, J. G., Fisher

Lindley, A. M., Urbana

Lawson, J. M., Sidney

Mandeville, J. D., Champaign

Marten, John, Tolono

McKinney, T. J., Gifford

Mason, J. S., Urbana

Miner, Ellen, Champaign

Munsell, W. W., Urbana

Morlan, H. J., Ludlow

Matheny, Z. E. Des Moines, Iowa

Miller, L. C., Rantoul

Morland, W. J., Penfield

Newcomb, W. K., Champaign

Newcomb, C. F., Champaign

Osborne, J. W., Champaign

Pearman, J. O., Mahomet

Powers, F. H., Champaign

Potter, G. A., Royal

Polk, J. L., Champaign

Rees, Win., St. Joseph

Purcell, J. T., St. Joseph

Rees, Omar H., Ogden

Renfrew, F. C., Sadorus

Rudy, F. T., Champaign

Rice, G. W., Champaign

Ranes, J. L. Sidney

Salisbury, S. S., Tolono

Sale, L. O., Fisher

Shurtz, R. E., Champaign

Shurtz, S. W., Champaign

Schowengerdt, W. E., Champaign

Spears, C. H., Champaign

Scheurich, Jos., Philo

Smith, E. S., Urbana

Stanley, O. O., Urbana

Smith, H. L., Ivesdale

Van Doren, C. L., Urbana

Vollborn, C. L., Homer

Walker, T. E., Gifford

Wall, A. S., Champaign

Wilson, H. V., Champaign

Yantis, D. E., Urbana

Zorger, A. L., Champaign

Zorger, W. H., Champaign

Zorger, C. H., Rantoul

Following are honorary members:

C. F. Brisco, M. D., Urbana

J. T. Burrill, Ph. D., LL. D., Urbana

S. A. Forbes, Ph. D., LL. D., Urbana

George T. Kemp, Ph. D., M. D., Cham- paign

FIFTY YEARS IN PRACTICE

February 27, 1900 the citizens the Champaign County Medical

and physicians of Champaign gav^ Society gave a banquet at the

Dr. H. C. Howard a banquet in Beardsley when Drs. C. H. Mills

commemoration of his having been and S. S. Sallisbury were the

engaged in the practice of medi- guests of honor in consequence

cine fifty years. April n, IQOI, of each of them having practiced

58

medicine fifty years. Upon this occasion Drs. Bartholow, Harmon, Salisbury and Wilcox were made life members.

The Champaign County Medical Society is one of the best medical organizations of its kind in the state. There are many County Medical societies in Illinois, but only two societies of these have a larger membership than has the Champaign County, and none are more instrumental for good.

JOINED THE SILENT MA- JORITY.

Many Champaign County doc- tors have crossed to the other shore, and the following though not an absolutely complete list of our deceased brothers, is neverthe- less measurably so.

N. H. Adams, E. C. Bartholow,

E. I. Birdsell, S. H. Birney, M. S. Brown, Herman Chaffee, Job S. Coggeshall, Naomi Collins, Chas. P. Cooper, W. A. Conkey, James Core, C. G. Crane, Jacob Culver, H. E. Cushing, A. T. Darrah, R. C. Fullenweider, John H. Gardin- er, M. Garst A. D. Gillum, - Goodman, William Goodwin, Ab- bie G. Hall, Lyman Hall, - Harmon, J. E. Harmon, G. W. Hartman, C. C. Hawes, T. M. Hess, William H. Hess, David Jennings, S. D. Jerauld, B. D. Keator, James H. Lyons, D. R. McKinney, C. B. McClelland, J. M. McClure, C. H. Mills, J. M. Minturn, Benjamin C. Morris, P. C. Mosier, John North. S. K. Page, J. T. Pearman, Winston Somers, S .W. Shumaker. Harman Stevens, - Smith, C. A.

Thompson, Z. T. Whitmire.

FIFTIETH ANNUAL BANQUET OF THE CHAMPAIGN COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY

1859"

Dr. J. T. Purcell, Toastmaster.

Our Society and Its Earliest Morning. Dr. Charles B. Johnson.

"The voices of morning how sweet

is their trill When the shadows have turned

and the evening is still.

Oliver Wendell Holmes.

19O9

Our Society and Some of its Yes- terdays.

Dr. Jacob G. Chambers, Dr. William Dillon, Dr. Hartwell C. Howard, Dr. Joseph T. Miller, Dr. John D. Mandeville, Dr. Samuel Scott Salisbury.

59

"And ye the honor'd sires to whom we owe

The better share of all the best we know, —

Speak from the past, and say what prize was sent

To crown the toiling years so free- ly spent." Holmes.

Our Society Today

Dr. William K. Newcomb

"Yes, sharp the trials, stern the

daily tasks That suffering Nature from her

servant asks."

Holmes.

Our Society Tomorrow

\ Dr. John Marten.

| Dr. William F. Burres.

"Our tardy art shall wear an an- gel's wings

And life shall lengthen with the joy it brings." Holmes.

Our Society and Gone Before.

Our Brothers

Dr. James M. Bartholow

"Nay! count not our numbers some hundreds we know

But these are above and those un- . der the snow

And thoughts are still mingled wherever we meet

For those we remember and these that we greet." Holmes.

Our Society as Seen by Other Eyes.

Hon. W. B. McKinley. Hon. Oliver B. Dobbins.

"Sweet is the scene where genial friendship plays

The pleasant game of interchang- ing praise." Holmes.

Our Society and its Nearest Neighbor — The University of Illinois.

DR. JONATHAN T. BURRELL | You'dknmo he's DK. STEPHEN A. FORBES f«0X«£ *''*

"The True Knight of Learning! — the world holds him dear, —

Lord bless him, Joy crown him, God speed his career!"

Holmes.

THE JULIA F. BURNHAM

HOSPITAL.

"The idea of the establishment of a general hospital in Champaign had its origin in the Social Science Club of that city about the time of the World's Fair in 1893. A. C. Burnham, whose wife was a promi- nent member of the club, gave at

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first $10,000 for a building, which sum he afterwards increased to $19,000. J. C. Kirkpatrick of- fered a site on easy terms amount- ing to a gift of $1,000, and Mr. Burnham applied $1,500 of his gift to secure the site. The Hospital Board of Directors was chosen from the Club, and in due time secured a charter from the state, and made Mrs. Burnham its first president. It was the wish of her husband, the principal benefac- tor of the hospital, that it should become a memorial to Mrs. Burn- ham, established during her life- time.

Later an auxiliary organization was formed, called the Hospital association, with power to elect members yearly to fill vacancies on the Board, and with this Associa- tion rests the final responsibility of the maintenance of the Hos- pital. Mrs. Burnham died before the building was completed, but it was opened March 5, 1895, and has been constantly occupied since that time."

Board of Directors.

Mrs. E. S. Clark,

Mrs. J. J. Dallenbach,

Mrs. S. A. Forbes,

Mrs. Isaac Fielding,

Mrs. N. M. Harris,

Mrs. B. McCormick,

Mrs. J. L. Polk,

Mrs. F. D. Rugg,

Mrs. A. W. Spalding. Officers.

Mrs. J. L. Polk, President.

Mrs. N. M. Harris and Mrs. F. D. Rugg, Vice-Presidents.

Mrs. B. McCormick, Secretary.

Mrs. A. W. Spalding, Treasurer. Medical Staff.

Dr. W. F. Burres,

Dr. C. M. Craig,

Dr. W. L. Gray,

Dr. C. D. Gulick,

Dr. W. M. Honn,

Dr. J. S. Mason,

Dr. W. K. Newcomb,

Dr. F. H. Powers,

Dr. W. E. Schowengerdt,

Dr. C. H. Spears,

Dr. A. S. WaH.

Miss Frances North, Superin- tendent.

Miss Mary Uglow, Superintend- ent of Nurses.

For the Julia F. Burnham Hos- pital no words of commendation are necessary. Since its establish- ment it is the wonder of all who give the matter consideration, how the people of this locality managed to get along all these years with- out a first-class hospital.

CHAMPAIGN COUNTY DOC- TORS IN POLITICS.

Under this heading may be in- cluded the names of Drs. E. C. Bartholow, James Core, James H. Lyons, J. W. Scroggs and L. S. Wilcox.

Dr. Bartholow was elected to the Illinois Legislature in 1876

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and had the honor of assisting in placing on the Statute books the first Illinois Medical Practice Act which went into effect in 1877. He was a resident and practitionei of medicine at Mahomet where his death occurred in the last decade of the Nineteenth Century. See biographical sketches.

Dr. James Core of Homer, Illi- nois, was elected to the Illinois Legislature in 1878 and during his term rendered faithful and efficient service. His death occurred in 1888. See biographical sketches.

Dr. James H. Lyons, one of the first physicians in Champaign County and the first to locate at Sidney, was elected to the Illinois Legislature in 1836 and had the honor of serving with Abraham Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas, E. D. Baker, General Shields, Col.

John Hardin, U. F. Linder and other men of marked ability. See Pioneer doctors in Champaign County.

Dr. J. W. Scroggs was elected to the Illinois Legislature in 1868. He did his part in securing the lo- cation of the University of Illinois in Champaign County. Governor Oglesby appointed him one of its first trustees. He died in 1874. See biographical sketches.

Dr. L. S. Wilcox in addition to holding a number of local offices, was appointed Revenue Collector of the Springfield District by Pres- ident Harrison in 1889 and served four years. In 1897 President Mc- Kinley appointed him Consul at Hankow, China, a position he filled acceptably for a number of years. He is now living in retire- ment at Los Angeles, California. See biographical sketches.

ILLINOIS MEDICAL PRACTICE ACT

Had its inception in Champaign County in 1786, centennial year, the Illinois State Medical Socie- ty met in the Twin Cities May 16, 17 and 18. The sessions of the So- ciety were held in the Chapel of the Main University Building.

The propriety of a medical prac- tice act regulating the practice of medicine and the organization of a State Board of Health came up for consideration the last day of the meeting. And after being fully

discussed, Dr. S. H. Birney of Ur- bana, moved that a committee consisting of a medical man from each congressional district be ap- pointed to memorialize the Illinois Legislature upon the urgent need of the proposed medical legislation.

Dr. William M. Chambers of Charleston, offered a substitute that after receiving some modifi- cations read as follows:

"Resolved, That a committee be appointed to memorialize the next

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legislature on the subject of the appointment of a State Board of Health; and that with proper modifications the act by which the Board of Health of Massachusetts was inaugurated be submitted to the same as a basis for the Illinois State Board.

"Resolved, That as members o* the State Medical Society, each one shall consider himself bound to urge the propriety of a State Board of Health upon the repre- sentatives from his district."

The Memorializing Committee was appointed and consisted of the following physicians: E. W. Gray of Bloomington; Wm. M. Cham- bers of Charleston; S.. H. Birney of Urbana; Wm. Massey of Paris; F. B. Haller of Vandalia.

The committee did its work well and it the session of the legislature of 1876-7 the original Illinois Medi- cal Practice Act passed both hous-

es, was signed by Governor Cullom and speedily became the law of the commonwealth.

Champaign County was fortun- ate in having in the legislature at that time Dr. E. C. Bartholow of Mahomet and the Hon. R. A. Bower of Tolono, both of whom worked assiduously for the bill. In due time Governor Cullom ap- pointed the members of the first Board of Health and upon this Champaign County was represent- ed by J. M. Gregory, LL. D.* regent of the university, and one of the recognized leading educators of the west. Dr. Gregory did most excellent work in organizing and putting the new Board on its feet, so to speak. With his well known versatility, he prepared several excellent papers on medi- cal education and sanitation. Dur- ing his term of service he was hon- ored with the presidency of the board for two years.

CHAMPAIGN COUNTY DOCTORS AND THEIR SEVERAL LOCATIONS

Bondville — This village had its origin about 1870 and was named in honor of L. J. Bond of Monti- cello, an officer in the early history of the railway that goes through the town. The first physician to locate in Bondville was Dr. O. B. Simmons, who came there in the seventies and remained till 1896,

when he was soon after succeeded by Dr. Homer A. Seymour, who remained till about 1902, when he was followed by Dr. A. J. Foelsch who practiced there till 1908, when he removed to Chicago. Dr. R. P. Donovan is the present Bondville physician.

Broadlands — This village was

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laid out in 1883, but in 1881 Dr. W. F. Burres practiced medicine in that locality and had his office at the Old Head Quarters House. Dr. Burres removed to Sidney in 1882 and was succeeded at his first location by Dr. George T. Rowland, who was there during 1882-3. Dr. Lon Roberts located at Broadlands in 1883, but did not remain long. In 1883 Dr. C. A. Coffman ca^ne and practiced for about three years when he re- moved elsewhere. Dr. T. E. Walker was at Broadlands late in the nineties for a short time only. Dr. T .A. Dicks came in 1892 and at this writing is the only physician there.

Champaign — The original part of what is now Champaign City, was platted in 1853, but the plat was not recorded until 1855. There seems to have been much discussion over the choice of a name for the proposed town. Clarksfield, Rantoul and Urbana City were in turn con- sidered. The first was abandoned, Rantoul was given to the now well- known village fourteen miles north and the new town was finally in- corporated as West Urbana, but the plats were recorded as addi- tions to Urbana. The station for a time was called Urbana and the residents of Urbana proper for n number of years referred to the place as "the Depot." West Ur- bana continued to be the name

till 1860, when by act of legislature it was changed to Champaign, at which time it may be said the new city entered on its career prope~. The first physician to locate in Champaign was Dr. R. W. Shu- maker, brother-in-law to Judge Calvin C. Staley. November 9, 1854, Dr. Schumacher published a card in the Urbana Union an- nouncing his new location. Dr. H. C. Howard came in 1855; also Dr. S. W. Kincaid, who remained but a few years. A little later came Drs. J. Hollister, S. K. Page, Joseph Hagar, C. L. Swain and A. J. Crane. Dr. Page con- tinued in practice till advancing years compelled his retirement late in the seventies. Dr. C. H. Mills came in 1856 and remained till his death in 1907. Dr. J. T. Pearman located in Champaign in 1864 and remained in active practice ti1! about a year and a half before his death in May, 1896.

Dr. R. H. Huddlestone located in Champaign in the early seven- ties and remained in active prac- tice till about 1878, when he r*1- moved to Florida. Dr. L. S. Wil- cox came in 1875 and was in active professional work till 1889, when he became the district revenue col- lector. Dr. Lyman Hall removed from Savoy to Champaign in 1887 where he continued to reside till bis death in 1892. Dr. D. A. Cheev.er located in Champaign in 1870, continued in active practice

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till 1877, when he was succeeded by Dr. T. J. Merryman, who re- mained till 1885. Dr. C. D. Ttif- ford came in 1879 and continued in practice about six years when he was followed by Dr. P. S. Replogle. In 1890 Dr. Abbie G. Hall located in Champaign and practiced till her death in 1898. Dr. H. E. Gushing came in 1884 and practiced till his death in 1906.

Following is a list of physicians now in Champaign with dates of their arrival: Craig, C. M., 1899: Cogswell, G. E., 1902; Dodds, J C., 1900; Davis, C. S., 1902; Finch, J. K.. 1895; Gray, W. L., 1891; Haley, H. A., 1882! Howard, H. C., 1855; Hough, C. F., 1894: Honn, W. M., 1900; Johnson, Charles B., 1879; Kratz. E A., 1869.; Lyons, Jennie, 1903: Mande- ville, J. D.. 1900; Miner, Ellen, 1896; Mills, C. H., 1857: New- corhb, C. F.. 1904; Newcomb. W. K., 1896: Osbofne, J. W., 1906, Powers. F. H., 1900, Rice, Gordan W. 1907; Schowengerdt, W. E.. 1897: Spears, Charles H., 1890; Shurtz, R. E., 1898; Shurtz, S. W., 1899; Rudy. E. G., 1904: Wall, A. S.; 1896; Wilson, H. Y.,i9o6; Kar- ih-er, H. C., 1908; Kirby, Darwin 1909; Zorger, Annie L., 1895: Zor- ger, W. H., 1895.

Dewey — This is one of the new- est villages of the county. Dr Beard was its first physician and located there about 1888, but did

not remain long and after him came in succession Drs. Bailey, Templeton, R. P. Dowd, "A. Chen- oweth and one Dr. Heath, who did not long remain. Dr. Samuel Donovan is the present Dewey representative of the profession.

Fisher — Dr. James G. Elder was the first physician in this place. He yet resides there, but is now out of practice. Dr. Joseph Carr was the next, but did not remain long. About 1880 Dr. A. L. Elder prac- ticed there for a time, when he removed to Nebraska. Dr. W. K. Newcomb located in Fisher and continued in active practice there till 1896, when he removed to Champaign. Dr. S. W. Shurtz be- gan the practice of medicine there in 1893 and continued till 1899, when he changed his location to Champaign. Thtr present physi- cians of Fisher are Dr. R. P. Dowd who came in 1896, Dr. L. O. Sale in 1898 and Dr. J. G. Lamb, a re- cent arrival.

Foosland — The first physician in this village was one Dr. Stephens, who about 1870, was succeeded by Dr. H. L. Harris, who practiced there for a number of years, when he in turn was followed by Dr. A. C. Albright. In 1892 Dr. J. E. Lowry, who is yet at Foosland, became the successor of Dr. Al- bright, but later removed to Ho- mer. Dr. Frederick H. York and

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W. P. Scott are Foosland's present physicians.

Gifford — This village was laid out in 1876 and was named in hon- or of Benjamin Gifford. The first} doctor in the place was Dr. Sal- mons^ who remained but a short time. He was followed by Dr. T. J. Berry. Later came Dr. W. Van Camp and in 1877 Dr. D. R. Mc-j Kinney, who practiced medicine^ there for about twenty years and then went to Indiana. In 1883 Dr. T. J. McKinney, son of Dr. D. R. McKinney, located, at Gifford and is now actively iiu practice there. So likewise is Dr.^ T. E. Walker who, save for a brief interval, has been a resident of the /. village a number of years. In 1894 came Dr. R. E. Shurtz, who remained two years and then re- moved to Champaign.

Homer — Old Homer situated on the creek about a mile north of the Homer of today, was first set- tled in 1835. Dr. Harmon Stevens was one of the earliest physicians to locate in Champaign county. When the Wabash railway was built through the southern part of Champaign county in 1857 New Homer came into existence at the Railway Station, a mile south of Old Homer, and the last named village soon passed oiiT of exist- ence. Dr. Stevens at once remov- ed to the new village and prac-

ticed medicine there a good many years till his removal to Newton, 111. In 1840 Dr. W. A. Conkey lo- cated in Old Homer and continued in practice there till 1850, when he retired permanently. In 1851 Dr. C. P. Mosier came to Homer and five years later removed to the new town site, but all the while he con- tinued in active practice till his retirement in 1859 to engage in farming and other pursuits. In 1853 Dr. James Core arrived in Old Homer and engaged in prac- tice and removed to the new vil- lage at its beginning and contin- ued the practice till his death in 1888. In 1853 came Dr. T. M. Jiess also, who engaged in the practice of his profession in the old town till the new one was started, when he removed thi.ther and continued to answer calls till his removal to Warren County early in the eighties. George T. Rowland succeeded Dr. Core and continued in practice till late in the nineties when he removed -to Clark County, where he is yet practicing. Dr. H. N. Baker came in 1906 and remained till 1909 when he removed to Danville, I1J. Following is a list of physicians in Homer with dates of their loca- tion as near as can be ascertained: Dr. Joseph Brayshaw, 1902; Dr. J. E. Lowery, Dr. H. A. Shaw, 1866; Dr. A. L. Volborn.

Ivesdale — This village, just with-

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in the borders of Champaign Coun- ty, dates its origin from about 1864, and is named for a Mr. Ives, who owned a tract of land in its vicinity. The writer has not been able to ascertain much of its early medical history, but among tha physicians who have practiced there may be named Drs. W. F. Benefield, C. M. Craig, M. A. Morgan, C. M. Bailey and H. P. Mack and L. H. Smith.

Dr. Samuel J. Hicks is Ives- dale's physician at the present time.

Longview — This village was laid out in 1883 and the first physician to locate there was Dr. R. P. Ratts. Dr. A. J Garrison located there for a time, but recently removed elsewhere. Dr. Ratts is yet in ac- tive practice at Longview.

Ludlow — This village, at first called Pera, had its origin in the fifties. The first physician to lo- cate there was one Dr. Emmons. His immediate successors are not known to the writer, indeed, it has not been possible to gather much of the medical history of this vil- lage. Dr. M. A. Glennan prac- ticed in Ludlow for a number of years prior to his death in 1902. Dr. H. J. Moreland came to the village in 1906 and has since been actively engaged in practice.

Mahomet — The first physician to locate in Mahomet was Dr. N. H. Adams, who opened an office

there in 1843. He remained there twelve or fifteen years, when he died. About 1846 Dr. C. C. Hawes came to Mahomet and continued practice there till his death in 1872. Early in the fifties, Dr. C. L. Crane located in Mahomet, where he re- mained till his death in 1856, the result of injuries received by the bursting of an anvil that was fired on the Fourth of July. Dr. A. J. Crane, a brother of the foregoing, also practiced medicine there in the fifties.

Dr. W. W. Walters located in Mahomet in 1855 and remained five years. Dr J. D. Culver came to this village about 1857 and re- mained in practice there till his death in 1890. One Dr. Clark practiced medicine in Mahomet a few years following 1871, when he removed to Mansfield.

Dr.John D. Gardiner locat- ed and practiced medicine there during the latter part of the fifties and the early .sixties. His son, Dr. John H. Gardiner came to Ma- homet in the early seventies and practiced till his death, Aug. 22, 1902. Dr. A. S. Wall located in Mahomet in 1890 and practiced till 1896, when he removed to Champaign. Dr. C. T. Wilson be- gan practice in 1890 and still shares the business with his com- petitor, Dr. J. O. Pearman, who succeeded Dr. Gardiner in 1902.

Ogden — This village was laid out in 1870 and took its name from

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a family in the neighborhood. The first physician to locate there was Dr. Edward Tourtellette. who came in 1870. but a year later he died. In 1871 Dr. Job S. Cogge- shall located there and engaged in practice till his death. Sept. id.. 1902. Dr. Freeman P. French lo- cated at Ogden in the seventies, and remained a number of years. Dr. James F. Harris came in 1883 and is yet there in active practice. Dr. Omar H. Rees came in 1901 and has since been in active work.

Pesotum — Dr. E. I. Birdsell was the first physician to locate in this village, arriving there late in 1869. A little later one Dr. Xichols prac- ticed medicine there for a time,- as did also one Dr. Oatlev.

Dr. John A. Hoffman came to Pesotum a good many vears ago and has always been very busv Dr. Z. E. Mathenv came a number of years later and after some prac- tice went elsewhere. Dr. Hilgen- berg is now an active practitioner of the village.

Penfield — Penfield was laid out in 1876 and takes its name from John Penfield of Rantonl. 111. The first doctor to locate in the village was Dr. M. M. Hazel: the next Dr. W. S. Higgins and Dr. \V. Van- Camp: also Dr. P. E. Cole. Of these Dr. Higgins is dead, and Dr. Cole is in LeMars. Iowa. In 1894 came Dr. J. S. Mason, who re- mained till 1809. when he was suc-

ceeded by Dr. C. H. Zorger, who removed to Rantoul. Dr. J. W- Moreland came m 1906 and is yet there.

Philo — The village of Philo was laid out in 1864 by E. B. Hall, son of Philo Hall.from whose Christian name both the village and town- ship are named. The first phvsi- cian to locate in Philo was Dr. B.

C. Morris: the next one was Dr. Hall, whom Dr. James M. Bartho- low succeeded in 1869. Dr. Barth- olow remained in Philo till 1895, when he sold out to Dr. Robert F L.Jessee.who is now in active prac- tice in that place. In March. 1868 Dr. John D. Mandeville located in Philo and continued in active prac- tice here till 1900. when he was succeeded by Dr. James M. Tins- ley, who recently removed to Ran- toul. In 1808 Dr. Joseph Schue- hich began the practice of medi- cine in Philo and is yet there.

Rantoul — The village of Rantoul as well as the township in which it is located, takes its name from Robert Rantoul. one of the origin- al stockholders and charter mem- bers of the Illinois Central rail- road corporation. Rantoul was first settled in 1855-6. The first physician to locate there was Dr.

D. M. Marshall who came in 1856 and remained till 1860, Dr. T. Sweat located in Rantoul in 1857 and continued in practice there till his death ten vears later.

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About 1860 came from Indiana, one Dr. New, who remained only one year. About this time and later came Drs. D. B. George, Hazel, Clark, Hobart, Garrison, Boise and Ferris. Dr. John North located in Rantoul in 1865 and Dr. D. P. McClure in 1870. Dr. North practiced medicine there till about 1878 and then went west. Dr. Mc- Clure did a good business till 1887, when his health gave way. Dr. Charles E. Triplet was in Rantoul for several years following the early seventies; Dr. Roy Taylor for two or three years, when he removed. Dr. J. E. Harman came in 1874 and remained till his death in 1906.

Dr. J. M. Minturn practiced in Rantoul from about 1884 till 1890, when failing health compelled his retirement. Dr. W. J. Fernauld located in Rantoul in 1890 and re- mained till about 1900, when he re- moved to Frankfort, Ind. Dr John Laughlin came in 1890 and remained till 1900 when he re- tired and made his home in In- diana. Dr. J. S. Mason carnc in 18149 and was in practice till 191.16, <vhen he changed his location to Urbana

Following is the present rO'l of Rantoul physicians: Brewer, E. M., 1900; Diller, F. S., 1906; Tins- ley. J. M., 1908: Zorger, Charles H.. 1906.

Sadorus — This village was laid

off about 1856 and in that year came its first physician Dr. A. Ca- tron. who yet lives there in oKi xgc, li.it retired from active practice. In 1869 Dr. J. G. Chambers located there and practiced a number of years, when he removed to his farm in Sadorus township, where he yet lives. Early in the seventies Dr. A. D. Gillum located in Sado- rus and remained there till his death some years ago. A contem- porary of Dr. Gillum was Dr. L. M. Lee, who practiced in Sadorus a few years, but removed to anoth- er location about 1877.

Dr. Frank L. Birney, son of Dr. S. H. Birney located in Sadorus and remained two years in the eighties and went from there to Denver in 1888. He was succeeded by Dr. W. H. Zorger, who re- mained till 1894. Dr. C. P. Hoff- man came to Sadorus several years ago. but later removed to Dan- ville. 111., as an eye and ear spe- cialist. Dr. Arthur G. Lewis has been in practice many years in Sa- dorus and Dr. F. C. Renfrew since 1903.

Seymour dates its beginning from about 1870. The first doctors to locate there were Dr. J. M. Hadden and one Dr. Clark. Dr. Clark did not continue the practice long and has since died. He has been succeeded by a number of men, but none remained long. Dr. Hadden is yet in active prac-

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tice. Dr. H. C. Kariher came in 1903 and remained till 1908 when he moved to Champaign. Recent- ly came Dr. W. P. Donovan.

Sidney was the site of an old In dian trail and, located on a moder- ately high and well-drained bluff on the south bank of the Salt Fork', is a rather old and interesting land- mark. A company or more of sol- diers had been encamped on the hill in the east side of the pres- ent village, some time before the earliest settlement as attested by the certain remains of an old camp described by the oldest settlers of this locality.

Excluding the "medicine men" of the Indian tribes, who were no doubt frequent visitors to this spot and possibly a doctor in the employ of the Government, the first doctor to practice his profes- sion in the eastern part of Cham- paign county was Dr. Lyons, who was an eastern gentleman of some ability and refined tastes. He evi- dently had great hopes for the fu- ture of his location, for it was he in connection with a Mr. Davis, who laid off the original village of Sid- ney, the name being given in hon- or of Miss Sidney Davis, the eldest daughter of one of the founders of the village. He also designed a very large park, a part of which is now the public school grounds, the remainder long ago having Leen sold in town lots. He de- voted some time at least to train

ing horses, as he had built for his use a training track and barn. The old track was southeast of Sidney one-half mile. The doctor sold all his interests later to J. R. C. Jones and then moved to Texas, where he was visited by friends 'n 1865, who found that he had been elect- ed ;•- the legislature in that slato.

For some years after the depart- ure of Dr. Lyons the practice ;n :he locality was done by Dr^. Con- key and Mosier of Old Homer. In the early 5o's Dr. Hartman and Dr. Joseph Goodman came to try, their fortunes with the new town. Dr. Goodman was there when the Township was organized in 1860, and was the first Supervisor of Sidney Township. The old records of the office would indicate that he was a man of fair ability. About this time Dr. Ashby came to the town and was connected with Dr. Goodman in practice. He did not remain very long and for some reason not recorded he left rather suddenly, and was succeed- ed by a young man, Dr. F. A. White, who practiced medicine there in 1857-8. He was a brother of Attorney S. F. White of Ur- bana. The young doctor was a strong and noisy Abolitionist and also a convert to the Mormon church. He was not pleased with the surroundings at Sidney and in spite of the solicitations of friends he closed his office and left the vil- lage. Twenty-five years after that

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his friends were notified of his death in Salt Lake City. Dr. Good- man enlisted in the Army: return- ing at the close of the war he moved to Coles, where he re- mained only a short time, going from there to Iowa, where he died about 1877 or 1878.

Dr. H. S. Hickman came to Sid- ney about 1859 and practiced with Dr. Hartman. In the beginning of the war of the Rebellion he was among the first to enlist, being a private in Co. I, 2nd Illinois Cav- alry. He served to the close oij the war, and, on his return, finding the field of medicine well filled at the place, went to Newman, 111., where he practiced for twenty years then moving to the new town of Longview, remained but a short time, when he moved to Wichita," Kan.

Dr. Wesley Lawson came just after the war and began his ca- reer as a medical man in the quiet village of Sidney. He came from Pennsylvania, having served in the Union army as a member of a com- pany doing duty in the signal ser- vice. The doctor did not remain very long, however, going from here to Homer, where he has lived ever since.

Dr. W. S. Duncan was practic- ing medicine at the beginning of the war and entered the loth Illi- nois cavalry as an assistant sur-

geon. He served to the close of the war and like many others came home to find the conditions changed, and he soon decided to change his location. He moved to Vigo County, Indiana, where he remained for several years; then he went to southern Illinois, practic- ing with varying success, until 1889 he again decided to locate in the town of his first love, and moved back to Sidney. He re- mained two years and then went to Hutton, Coles county, and later to Casey, 111. He recently retired from practice at the age of 84 years. The doctor was a faithful member of the Masonic and Odd [Fellows lodges and of the Grand JA.rmy of the Republic. In relig- ous views he was a Seven Day Ad- Ventist.

Dr. Harmon located in Sidney in 1866 or 1868 and remained for five or six years. He owned a drug store and later an interest in a good farm, two miles southeast of Sidney. On deciding to leave the locality he disposed of his farm in a novel way — by issuing lottery tickets with one chance for the farm. He had no trouble to dis- pose of them at good figures. He moved west in 1873 or 1874. Dr. Smith located here not long after the war and practiced actively tin til his death in 1877. The doctor was a graduate of the Cincinnati Electic Medical College: He

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was quite well liked, was very suc- cessful as a physician and a finan- cier.

Dr. S. D. Jerauld came to Sicl- ned in the spring- of 1858, having a good practice when the war broke out. Three sons enlisted, William, Walter Hall and T. D. Jerauld. William was killed at Vicksburg, Walter Hall was a prisoner at Andersonville, Ga,, and died while a prisoner. T. D. Jer- auld, the youngest, returned after the close of the war and was dis- charged January 6, 1866. Dr. S. L. Jerauld contracted quick con- sumption going south after his son, William, who was killed. Died April 5, 1865.

The above historical details of medicine in Sidney are from th<* pen of Dr. W. F. Burres. who for many years practiced there before moving to Urbana. Dr. J. M. Law- son came in 1885 and is yet busy in practice. Dr. E. W. Kinchelor came in 1899, practiced a number of years, and emigrated to Okla- homa.

St. Joseph — St. Joseph had its beginning about 1870, that is, the present or New St. Joseph had. But its predecessor, Old St. Jo- seph, had its beginning about 1856 and was located a mile south of the present St. Joseph and when the latter came into existence there was no longer need for the old vil-

lage. St. Joseph derives its name from the first town of that name and the latter was named in hon- or of Joseph Kelly, who for many years kept an old-time country tavern at what became the site of Old St. Joseph. It is related that a guest of Landlord Kelly was so well treated by the latter in an early day that his heart was filled with gratitude and he was deter- mined to bestow some especial fa- vor upon his benefactor and being a man of some political influence, induced the authorities at Wash- ington to establish a postoffice at the tavern of Joseph Kelly and that in honor of the latter it was hence- forth known as St. Joseph. Pos- sibly Landlord Kelly came to the conclusion that "he had entertain- ed an angel unawares."

The first physician to locate at Old St. Joseph was Dr. James Gillespie and the next Dr. An- thony Doyle and a little later Dr. George Doyle. Dr. William Good win was also there for a time. Later came Dr. David Jennings.

As before intimated it was abont 1870 that old things in tlrs region passed away and new things came abont when Old St. Joseph gave away to New St. Joseph. In the latter village Dr. David Jennings was the first physician to locate and Dr. W. B. Sims the next, both of whom came about 1870. Later came one Dr. Marion who did not

remain many years. In 1877 Dr. N. B. Sims, son of Dr. W. B. Sims, joined his father in practice in St. Joseph and continued there for a period of about twenty years, when he removed to Danville. Early in 1877 Dr. J. T. Purcell located in the village and has since beeu there. About 1897 Dr J. N. Rees came to St. Joseph, and Dr. A. J. Dalton more recently.

Tolono — This vjllage dates its origin from about 1856. The first physician to locate there was Dr. Herman Chaffee, who built the fourth frame house erected in the place. Dr. Chaffee remained there till his death in 1900. About 1857 Dr. B. D. Keator came to Tolono and continued in active practice till 1878, when he re- moved to Missouri. About 1872 or 1873 Dr. James T. Logan.an ec- centric character, located in To- lono and for seven or eight years did quite a practice. In 1861 Dr. S. S. Salisbury arrived in Tolono and at the age of eighty year? is yet in active practice in that vil- lage. In 1865 Dr. A. T. Darrah came to Tolono and began the practice of medicine and continued it till his removal to Bloomington in 1883. In 1874 Dr. C. B. John- son removed to Tolono from Crit- tenden Township, where he had practiced three years, and answer- ed professional calls till his remov- al to Champaign in April, 1879. In 1879 Dr.L.K.Lamb came to Tolo- no and practiced till 1892, when he

was succeeded by Dr. J. C. Doods, who practiced there till 1901, when he removed to Champaign. In 1886 Dr. C. M. Craig located in Tolono and continued in general practice till 1899, when he removed to Champaign. Dr. H. E. Dunlop came in 1900 and remained onK about one year. Dr. S. A. Crab- tree came in 1901, practiced a num- ber of years and removed else- where. Following is the list of To- lono physicians at this writing: Dr. S. S. Salisbury, 1861 ; Dr. John Marten, 1897; Dr. W. P. Tinsley, 1907.

Urbana — As noted elsewhere Ur- bana was designated as the County Seat of Champaign County early in 1833, but prior to this date had been a village of only a few hous- es. Dr. John S. Saddler located in Urbana in 1839 and was the first doctor to make his home there, but he remained only a few years. Dr. Winston Somers came in 1840 and continued to practice medicine till his death in 1871. Dr. William D. Somers, brother of Dr. Winston Somers. located in Ur- bana about the same time and the brothers were partners till Dr. W. D. in 1847, abandoned medicine for the law. In the fifties came Drs. T. F. Snyder, J. T. Miller, James Hollister, C. H. Mills, C. A. Thompson, M. B. Thompson, Joseph Hager, M. Lindley, and W.M. Goodwin. Drs. Hollister and Mills removed to Champaign in

73

1856. Dr. C. A. Thompson re- moved to Jefferson City, Mo., at the end of the civil war. Dr. M. B. Thompson abandoned medicine for the law very early in the six- ties. Dr. Hager did not remain long. Dr. W. M. Goodwin con- tinued in practice till about 1878, when he went west. Late in the fifties Dr. M. S. Brown located and began the practice of medicine in Urbana and continued till his removal to Danville in 1884, where he died later. Dr. S. H. Birney came to Urbana during the civil war and practiced there till about 1887, when he removed to Den- ver, where he remained till 1899, when he returned to Urbana in broken health and died in that city July i, 1900. For a few years in the eighties Dr. F. D. Prentice prac- ticed medicine in Urbana. He 5s now in the west. Drs. C. N. and J. E. White came to Urbana and after practicing about twenty years : removed to Springfield. Dr. John W. Fuqua came in 1895, practiced about ten years and then went else- where.

Following is a list of physicians now in Urbana, with dates of lo- cation:

Allen, J. R., 1908; Baker, Nellie M., 1906; Bartholow, J. M., 1895; Burres, W. F., 1900; Dillon, Wm., 1900; Gulick, C. D., 1902; Han- more, J. J., 1906; Hughes, Jennie, 1899; Lindley, A. M., 1880; Lind-

ley, Mahlon, 1857; Martinie, Chas. W., 1898; Miller, H. W., 1889; Miller, J. T., 1853; Morrison, Jas. E., 1880; Munsell, W. W., 1901; Nichols, Chas A., 1896; Sims, W. B., 1883; Smith, E. S., 1896; Stanley O. O., 1908; Van Doren, C. L., 1900; Yantis, D. E., 1906.

The following country locations were occupied by doctors at the dates designated:

Big Grove, Dr. Fulkerson,i83O.

Farmhouse of Mijamin Byers, two miles east of Urbana, Dr. James H. Lyon, 1832.

Farm house, Hensley Township, one mile west of Five Points on the Bloomington road. Dr. Scott in the early sixties.

Farm-house of David Jessee, Crittenden Township, Dr. Charles B. Johnson, 1871-4.

Orizaba, one mile north of Long View, Dr. R. P. Ratts about 1870.

Old Head Quarters, south of Homer, Dr. W. F. Burres, 1881, and Dr. George T. Rowland, 1882-3.

Burr Oak Grove, northeast part of County, Dr. D. R. McKinney, 1867-1878.

Sugar Grove (now Kerr Town- ship). Dr. Isaac Hobart, 1850 to about 1862.

Farm house of William Peabody

a mile north of the present vil- Houstonville, a country postof-

lage of Fisher, Dr. S. H. Birney, fice, (now no longer in existence)

about 1859. in East Bend Township. Dr.

Farm house of John Pusey, Con- Wantling, from about 1868 to dit Township, one Dr. McFee in the early sixties.

PATRIOTISM OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTY DOCTORS

The roll of Champaign County Infantry; Dr. D. P. McClure, 64th physicians who offered their ser- Ohio Infantry; Dr. J. T. Miller, vices to the country in its days of* '6oth Illinois Infantry; Dr. peril is a long one; much longer C. H. Mills, i25th Illinois Infan- the writer has reason to think, try; Dr. C. A. Thompson, i25th II- than can be put on record in these linois Infantry, I3th Illinois In- pages, as it is believed the names' fantry and ox>th Illinois Infantry, of a number who served in the In addition to the above list of civil war cannot now be secured. medical men who gave their pro- fessional service and one of them

Among those who served as his life to the country there is a

surgeons may be mentioned the goodly number of doctors in

names of Dr. S. H. Birney, I35th Champaign County who served in

Illinois Infantry; Dr. R. H. Brown, the ranks when mere boys. 25th Illinois Infantry; Dr. J. G.

Chambers, icpth Pennsylvania Among these may be named, infantry; J. S. Coggeshall, 2nd Dr. E. C. Bartholow, Dr. J. M. Indiana Cavalry; A. Jackson Craiu Bartholow, Dr. John M. Gardiner, 2nd Illinois Cavalry; Jacob Cul- Dr. Goodman, Dr. J. M. Hadden, ver, 71 st Illinois Infantry: W. S. Dr. Apollis Hess, Dr. J. C. Har- Franklin (went from Champaign mon, Dr. H. S. Hickman, Dr. R. County as surgeon in an Ohio H. Huddleston, Dr. David Jen- regiment, but what regiment is nings, Dr. Charles B. Johnson, Dr. riot known); Dr. M. Garst, 7ist E.A.Kratz,Dr. Wesley Lawson,Dr. Illinois Infantry; Dr. Lyman J. D. Mandeville, Dr. D. R. Mc- Hall, 63rd Illinois Infantry; Dr., Kinney, Dr. John North, Dr. J. T. William H. Hess, I45th Illinois Purcell and Dr. W. B. Simms.

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INTERESTING FACTS IN THE HISTORIES OF

CERTAIN DOCTORS

Dr. J. T. Miller of Urbana is the Nestor of Champaign County medicine as he has been in continuous practice longer than any one else. Dr. Miller located in Urbana, April 29, 1853. After Dr. Miller, Dr. Howard is the oldest physician in the County who is yet in active practice, though Dr. S. S. Salis- bury of Tolono, also in active\ practice, is Dr. Howard's junior by only ten days.

Dr. J. T. Purcell of St. Joseph,

a veteran of the civil war, served five years and nine months, be- lieved to be the longest term of military service rendered by any volunteer soldier in the County.

Dr. J. M. Bartholow of Urbana enlisted when only fifteen years of age and served two and one-half years.

Dr. John H. Gardiner of Ma- homet enlisted in the last year of the war when but fifteen years of age and served his full time.

ACCIDENTS AND VIOLENT DEATHS IN THE PROFESSION

Late in the sixties Dr. D. P. Mc- Clure in visiting a patient near Thomasboro attempted to cross a slough in a time of high water that was followed by a severe cold snap. In consequence there was consid- erable ice and in crossing the horse floundered, got under the ice and was drowned while the doctor had a very narrow escape with his own life.

July 4, 1855, some of the citizens of Mahomet were celebrating the day by firing an anvil when this burst and a large fragment struck one of the bystanders, Dr. C. L. Crane, and mangled one of his legs so severely that amputation was

necessary. Later blood poisoning took place and the patient died about a month after the accident.

About 1870 Dr. Edward Tour- lette located at Ogden and in connection with his practice ran a drug store. A year later his wife died from an overdose of chloro- form administered by herself, but whether the fatal consequences were the result of accident or in- tentional was never known.

However, the result so preyed upon the mind of Dr. Tourlette, that precisely four weeks after his wife's death he died from a large1 dose of laudanum, taken with sui- cidal intent.

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PROGRESS IN MEDICINE DURING THE PIONEER, INTERMEDIATE AND MODERN ERAS

The history of medicine in Champaign County had ifs begin- ning near the end of the first third of the Nineteenth Century. For convenience of study this history may be divided into three periods. The first period, the Pioneer Era, ended in 1850; the second, the In- termediate Period, in 1877; and the third for want of a better name may be called the Modern Era, which embraces our day.

THE PIONEER ERA

During the Pioneer Era a va- riety of causes conspired to espe- cially handicap the practitioner of medicine on the frontier. To be- gin with, by reason of circum- stances over which he had little or no control, he often began his pro- fessional duties with inadequate preparation. Seventy odd years ago Medical Colleges were few in number and for the most part poorly equipped. Then with the poor and slow means of locomo- tion that characterized the period, these Colleges were little short of inaccessible to the majority of the medical students. Moreover, med- ical books were not plenty as in our time, and those that could be had were relatively high priced. Medical periodicals were few, and upon these the postage was so high as to, in effect, be almost pro-

hibitive in many instances. Rare was it that the Pioneer doctor had taken the required two courses of lecture., necessary for graduation; indeed, he was fortunate if cir- cumstances had permitted him to take one course, and not unfre- quently his sole qualification for the important business of caring for the life and health of the fron- tiersman was a period of office tui- tion, taken in an older state with some doctor of local reputation. Then after beginning practice he was embarrassed by the great diffi- culty of obtaining needed supplies in the way of medicines and in- struments. The great city was many miles away and the means of reaching it slow, tedious and uncertain. Thus limited in education, limited in opportunities for self-improvement, limited in means for treating disease, the practitioner of the frontier was compelled to fall back upon him- self and depend upon resources near at hand.

Consequently if books and per- iodicals were scarce, those on hand were read with care; and thest well-scanned, the great book of nature was turned to and from its open pages no end of practical knowledge was obtained. The re- sult was, that while the Pioneer doctor was in no sense a learned

77

man, he in time became a ready, observing and resourceful man. And if in some emergency an in- strument was needed he could im- provise it; if a particular drug was indicated, its substitute was gath- ered from the fields or may be ob- tained from some crude mineral.

But while self reliance and re- sourcefulness were his noble vir- tues, the Pioneer doctor was not without his faults — faults, let it be said in extenuation, almost wholly due to his environment, but faults nevertheless. Lack of familiarity with medical literature and of opportunity to ex- change views with his fellow prac- titioner in medical societies aiu, kindred meetings had a tendency to make him narrow, opinionated and over-confident. The result was, if he was fortunate enough to escape the fate of sinking hopeless- ly in the mire of prejudice, he was almost sure to settle deeper and deeper in the rut of routine. Hence his long use and persistent abuse of that old therapeutic tripod, bleeding, blistering and heroic doses of calomel.

THE INTERMEDIATE ERA

The period between 1850 and 1877 was a great improvement on the Pioneer Era that had preceded it. Medical Colleges had increased in number and had improved in equipment. Moreover not a few were nearer at hand. Cincinnati,

Louisville and Chicago all had one or more medical schools. Then, too, railways had come in general use and afforded ready means of travel. Medical books were more plentiful and more easily obtained, and there had been a marked in- crease in medical literature and this, with the coming of cheap pos- tage, was much more widely dis- seminated. The marked improve- ment in the means of locomotion that railways brought about was followed by a great influx of pop- lation and with the latter came more doctors. And with an in- crease in the number of doctors, Medical Societies were organized and these brought an exchange of views and experiences between practitioners and stimulated the latter to more extended reading and wider culture. One result of this better education, more read- ing and exchange of ideas among the doctors of this period, was to call in question the utility of the heroic measures of their predeces- sors. It must be said, too, that the ignorant botanic and that medical monomaniac of the first half of the nineteenth century, the steam doc- tor, had no little share in demon- strating the folly of an indiscrim- inate resort to bleeding, the rou- tine use of blisters and setons, and the giving of mercury with the avowed purpose of inducing sali- vation in so many instances. As a result of these combined influ-

78

ences, not long after the begin- ning of the second half of the nineteenth century, powerful drugs and heroic measures came to be used less and less in the treatment of disease. While na- ture's simples, such as fresh air, sunlight and cold water came to be recognized as potent therapeu- tic agents that no progressive phy- sician could afford to ignore.

Early in 1861 came the great civil war that for four long years dragged out its weary length. But with all its attendant evils and hardships this contest was not wholly without its compensation. One of these was the affording of unequalled opportunities to the medical profession for the study of certain classes of disease and injuries. The prolonged duration and great magnitude of the war created so great a demand for sur- geons that every doctor in the country who had the requisite qualifications, had opportunity to enter the medical department of the army if he so desired. What we today call asepsis, or absolute surgical cleanliness, was not un- derstood in the civil war period. Nevertheless the treatment of gun- shot wounds in this time had in its favor not a little to commend. One of its good features was sim- plicity. In the first stages gunshot wounds were treated with cold water dressings. Later when sup- puration began, applications of a

sort of soothing salve known as simple cerate, was made use of with most excellent results.

In the medical department ol the army during the War of the Rebellion Champaign County was well and ably represented. Details of the representation will be found elsewhere.

In this Intermediate Period the average education of the medical practitioner was much higher than it had been in the Pioneer Era, but there was yet room for greater improvement. The profession of medicine was open to all, and who- soever desired could enter upon its responsible duties; there were absolutely no restrictions outside of popular c 'nion, and often- times the standards of the people were hopelessly low. At this time, as there has always been, there were a great many well qualified and not a few high educated men in the profession. But on the other hand there were some en- gaged in practice who were igno- rant and thick-headed to an ap- palling degree. Strange as it may now seem to many there were at this time in enlightened Champaign County, a number of reputable practitioners who had never seen the inside walls of a Medical College. There were still a larger number who had at- tended lectures, but who had nev- er graduated in medicin, while

79

among those who were graduates were men whose preliminary edu- cation had been so limited as to leave them little better than illit- erates.

This brings us to the consid- eration of the

THE MODERN ERA

That began a little after the Centennial year, 1876, and that reaches to our day. As elsewhere detailed, at a meeting of the Illi- nois State Medical Society held in the Twin Cities in May, 1876, steps were taken to secure the en- actment of laws that would aid in the establishment of a high stand- ard of medical education, a better observance of the principles of sanitation and a curtailment of the spread of contagion. This is no place for details, hence, let it suf- fice to say that in 1877 the much desired legislation was secured and went into effect. And while in practice these laws have by no means proved ideal, yet under their influence progress has been so great and so encouraging that he who would return to the old go-as-you-please methods must be blind indeed. While the writer has no disposition to dwell unduly on the "then-and-now" phase of this question, yet a few facts in the way of contrast may not be unin- structive.

A third of a century ago any-

body could practice medicine in Illinois and no one could interfere; health officers and health boards could be found only in the larger cities; and outside these large cit- ies no means worthy the name could be put in force to prevent the spread of contagion; indeed, comparatively few physicians had a proper appreciation of the in- fectious character of many mala- dies that are now classed as pre- ventable diseases.

In our state today no one can begin the practice of medicine without passing the examination of the Illinois State Medical Ex- amining Board; no one can take this medical examination of the State Board of Medical Examiners who is not a graduate of a repu- table medical school; no one can enter this reputable medical school who has not, at least, the equiva- lent of a high school education, and finally, no one can graduate from this reputable medical col- lege who has not devoted four years to attending its graded courses of instruction.

In the way of disease-preven- tion the contrast with thirty odd years ago is striking. Every township and every village may now have, and indeed nearly all do have, local Boards of Health to look after the health interests of the community. Doctors and peo- ple alike have come to realize the

80

truth of the old adage, "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." There is hardly a com- munity in Illinois where the gen- eral health has not been greatly improved and the death rate very much reduced by this work in the direction of disease prevention. Statistics and figures could be piled up to prove these state- ments, but this would be tedious to the reader. In a conversation not long since between the writer and an undertaker, who for many years has followed his business in central Illinois, the fact was brought out that where forty to fifty years ago children furnished a considerable part of the under- taker's business in recent years the burial of a child had become so rare as almost to excite surprise.

CONCLUSION

The medical history of Cham-

paign County had its beginning more than two generations in the *^st, when a solitary physician, Dr. Fulkerson, located at the head of the Big Grove settlement, five miles north of Urbana. Since that time full eighty years have run their course and today, at the be- ginning of the Twentieth Century, no less than one hundred doctors attended to their professional du- ties within the limits of Champaign County. And while it may be questionable taste for an individ- ual member of this hundred to speak of the whole in complimen- tary terms, nevertheless, the writer will speak his mind and say: There are few localities of like ex- tent that have better, all-around physicians than Champaign Coun- ty. And taken as a whole their average attainments, in character, in morals, in citizenship, is com- raendably high.

81

INDEX

Adams, N. H 9

Alpers, J. H 9

Bartholow, E. C 9

Bartholow, J. M 10

Banquet, Fortieth Annual 55

Banquet, Fiftieth Annual 59

Birdsell, E. 1 10

Biographical Sketches 8

Birney, S. H . . . .

Board, Hospital

Bondville

Broad lands....

Brown, R. H

Brown, M. 8

Burres, W. F

Burrill, T. J .

Burr Oak Grove

Catron A

Chaffee, Herman

Chambers, Jacob G H

Champaign City

(also see Introduction) Champaign County, see introduction . . 5 Champaign County Medical Society. . .53

Cheever, Daniel

Coggeshall, Job S

Cogswell, G. E

Conkey, W. A 8, 15

Core, James 16

Cooper, Chas J 15

Conclusion 81

Country Locations 63

Crane, C. D 16

Culver, Jacob 16

Cushing, Henry E . . . 17

Darrah, Alexander T 18

Dewey 65

Dillon, William 19

Dillon, Amos 19

Directors, Hospital, Board of 61

Doctors, Pioneer 6

Doctors, Interesting Facts Pertaining to 75

Fisher 65

Farm House, Crittenden Township 74

Furm House, Hensley Township 74

Farm House, Mijamin Byers 74

Farm House, Wm. Peabody 74

Fiftieth Annual Banquet 54

Fifty Years in Practice 58

Fortieth Annual Banquet 55

Forbes, Stephen A 50

Foosland 65

Franklin, Dr . .20

Frontispiece 1

Fugate, John T 20

Fulkerson, Champaign County's First

Doctor 6

Garst, VI 21

Gardiner, John H 21

Gardiner, J. D 21

Gifford 66

Gillum, A. D 21

Goodwin, A. D 21

Gregory, John M 50

Hall, Abbie G 24

Hall, Lyman 22

Hidden, J. M 22

Hanmore. J . J 23

Harris, J. F 24

Harmon, J. C 24

Hartinan, G. W 25

Hawes, C. C 6

Hess, A R 26

Hess, T. M 27

Hospital, Julia F. Burnham 60

Howard, Hartwell C .26

Hospital Staff 61

Hunt, C. A ; 28

Incidents 76

Ivesdale 66

Investing Facis, etc 76

Intermediate Era 77

Jennings, David 28

Johnson, Charles B 29

Joined the Silent Majority . . .59

Kemp, George T 57

Kincaid, S. W 20

King, D. A. K 34

Kratz, E. A 30

Lawson, J. M 80

Lindley, A. M 31

Lindley, Mahlon 31

Locations of Physicians 63

Longview 67

Ludlow 67

Lyons, James H 7

Mahomet 67

Mamteville, John D 32

Marten, John 32

Martinie, C. W 33

Medical Practice Act 62

Medicine, Progress in 77

Members, Lfst of in 1860 53

Members, List of in 1899 56

Members, List of in 1909 57

Members Deceased (see Silent Majority )59

Modern Era 80

McClelland, C. B 33

McKinney, David R 34

McKinney, Thomas J 35

McClure, D. P 34

Miller, Joseph T 35

Mills, Charles H 36

Miner, Ellen 36

M.nturn, J. M 37

Morris, B. C 37

Morrison, James E 37

M osier, Philip C 37

Newcomb, W. K 39

North, John 39

North, Miss Francess 52

Ogden 67

Old Headquarters 74

Orizaba 74

Page, Samuel K 40

Patriotism of Champaign Co. Doctors. .75

Pearman, John T 49

Penfield 68

Pesotum 68

Philo 68

Pioneer Doctors 6

Pioneer Era 78

Politics, Champaign Co Doctors in 61

Polk, John L 41

Progress in Medicine 77

Prefatory 4

Purcell, J. T 42

Rantoul 62

Rowland, G. T... 42

Saddler, John S 42

Salisbury Samuel Scott 42

Sadorus 69

Seymour ... 69

Shaw, Homer A 43

Shumaker, R, W 43

Sims, W. B 43

Scroggs, J. W 44

Smith, E. S 44

Somers, Winston 7

Stevens, Harmon 7

Sidney 70

St. Joseph 72

Sugar Grove 74

Thompson, A. T 45

Tolono 73

Urbana 73

VanDoren, C. L 46

Violent Deaths and Accidents 76

Walker, T. E 46

White, C. N 47

White, J. E 47

Whitmire, Z. T 48

Wilcox, L. S 48

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UNIVERSITY OF ILUNOI9-URBANA

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