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THE OHIO

MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL.
--EXTRA.--

TOG THE MEDICAL PROFESSION CF CHIO.

The substance of the following paper, was communicated
to the “Fairfield County Medical Institute,” at its July sitting,
with a request by resolution, that I should furnish them with a
list of those piants that are known, or considered medicinal ;
the histories and qualities of which are not enumerated in
Woon & Bacue’s truly national Dispensatory of the United
States. They requested also, that I should annex the synony-
mous and common names by which they are known throughout
the country. I find by reference to Rippexi’s Synopsis of the
Flora of the Western States, made in 1834; Suxurvant’s Cata-
logue of Plants in the vicinity of Columbus, Ohio, 1840; and my
own Herbarium, that we have about 387 species of plants,
possessing medicinal qualities, growing wild or in a natural-
ized state in Ohio. One hundred and twenty-three of these,
are embodied in the great work before referred to; 64 are em-
braced in the Appendix, leaving about 200 species hardly even.
mentioned.

Of those noticed in this paper, it can hardly be expected
that all, on examination, will be found worthy of a place in
our national Pharmacopeia; but the properties of a large pro-
portion of them, are very partially known: and an enumera-
tion of them with a brief indication of the medical activity of
the natural orders to which they belong, will greatly facilitate
the enlightened investigator in his path of discovery.

Since the sitting of the Institute, I find my name reported in
the July No. of the Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal, for 1849,
as having been appointed Chairman of a “Committee on Ma-
teria Medica and Botany in Ohio,” by the Ohio State Medical
Society, with the permission of selecting my associates. To
earry out, in any considerable measure, the views and inten-
tions of the Society, in the establishment of the committee, it

1

2 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.

is necessary that every member of the Profession in Ohio,
should co-operate in the collection and diffusion of facts, in
this branch of medical progress. And I hereby cordially in-
vite every member of the TENET: ob to participate in the du-
ties of the commission.’ ! Tlé field open for investigation,
being so fertile and extensi e, I propose, that those who prefer,
cah inatt i ale: tile onodddeh jet}y to the Society. Those a do
not, but are willing to perform some service in the Profession,
may address me at Langaster, by the 10th of April, 1850,
any communications, facts, or suggestions upon this interest-
ing subject, and their claims to_notoriety, shall be honorably
and faithfully observed. If any member should obtain facts in
relation to the medicinal qualities of plants, the natural order
and botanical nameés of which, he is notfamiliar with, onhis for-
war ding me by mail, or otherwise, a dried specimen, | willaf-
atin sal “he. Jniformation ph thich I am capable. Rare
Fdnits, als6,° : without referehee ‘their medicinal qualities, not
diner ated ij in” the Cataliuts fétetofore mentioned, tending to
cee the? Boa f. the ‘Western States, will be most
ankfally, hegate et, dle Bed ee r reciprocated.
eg e So. may y monies 6 f'fallacy surrounding this
branch® a out p profession, 1 rah Avhot sever attempts te embody a
sys stem in 1 adcordance: wi Be the. troe principles of science, will
meet wit tical tied By every ‘y Hand, the same that are en-
yn all other 8 8 URC a HOE jemonstrable with math-
emiat al, certainty. ‘Ac dverting to a few of them in this con-
nection, WaPhotld e altoge ther suvol place. Some of these
difficiilties‘ are inhetontit Pa aresaa ea will probably never
Eon olly. obviated. - “Othe n, @ measure, be guarded
ins ist ¥ a rigid: adhesi Be on ‘the inductive philosophy. I
ohare ate times, ier sor the: vegetable kingdom ac-
a e the re putation, of [ Possessing ec liar qualities, from ad-
veri itions cue on va oe ie to be satisfied, only,
with the ‘observed ¢ effec
ee of circumst

he He rathetin te ner ‘of preparing plants
it medic! ne ips: pee i" oe fl should be carefully
erved hae the? tithe fo ir gathering all plants,

ay ‘tht ah aN fis absolutely nec-
th Hels will retain their ac-

Vale Ae tidhs ma
essary t ee on ver
Fit qiped LOTTO \
0 alt a9 rite ati neral rule they should
rot Ml ia a ae a Ee to! ‘his class in 1840,

onsets at Nel sop dvanced the opinion,
amid a Ae ‘t Ce oe ‘the“A mericans might

vague Ha Hee wide on neers though not
3

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 3

dispense with the greater part, if not the whole of imported
medicines.” To this opinion, however, after half a cen-
tury has been spent in the investigation and improvement of
our indigenous Materia Medica, Prof. Wood cannot assent.—
He says, “the present standard remedies, have for the most
part been gathered from all quarters of the globe, have gone
through every variety of trial, have been sifted out from an
immense mass of materials, and hence stood the test of ex-
perience, which for thousands of years has been in the course
of accumulation.” Concceding all this however, it must be
admitted, that from custom, or indolence, or want of thought,
or some other cause, we are too much in the habit of depend-
ing on foreign countries for our supplies of vegetable medicines,
such, even, as we could furnish ourselves in a far purer and
fresher state. And when we take into consideration, the im-
mense amount of old, decayed, deteriorated, effete and adul-
terated stuff, cast upon our shores from foreign countries, said
to be at a cheap rate, but which, in the end, would be dear,
even if they paid us for using it, at the rate we charge our pa-
tients; it is surprising, that long ere this, we had not opened
our eyes to the imposition, and learned to rely on the rich re-
sources of our own country. I feel that a brighter day is
dawning, and that through the enlightened and indefatigable
efforts of our talented friend and colleague, Dr. Epwarns, in
Congress, a revolution in this respect, has, at this time, com-
menced; and that henceforth, many domestic medicines, which
are superior substitutes, will be used in preference to the for-
eign article. When depending on our own resources, we can
always have them fresh at any rate, while the foreign article
must necessarily, in some cases, become old and effete.

An excellent paper by the late Prof. Dunamrx, on the col-
lection, preservation and preparation of plants, will be found
in the American Journal of Pharmacy, Vol. 1. page 16%, to which
I must refer as the best source of information on the subject,
that is known at this time.

nt an ties, .; Others may,
be.dricd: without difficulty., or,,deterioration. ..They,.5 ould: be

ature of 430-t0 140,degrees, Ha dof Hatibeingicomaletely dap
prived, of moistune, they; may. .he..compressed,. in the manner,

4 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.

The same care must be observed in drying leaves, in order to
preserve their natural color. The time, in general, to collect
leaves, is after the flowers have expanded, and before the seeds
ripen. I believe however our Cassias should not be gathered
until the fruitripens. Itis important to remark that the leaves
of biennials should not be collected until their second season
of growth, while the roots are only fit for use their first.

The best season for the collection of barks, is when they can
be most easily separated from the wood. In all cases, they
should be procured before the flowers are produced, or after
the re-productive process is terminated, asat this time, all other
portions of its structure are deprived of their usual proportion
of proper juices to be directed to the elaboration of the organs
necessary for the re-productive functions. Those that have
attained their full powers, are best. The very young, or very
old, should be rejected.

When woody stems are to be collected, the proper season is
winter, as at this time the wood furnishes a greater quantity
of extract. If they are herbaceous, they should be gathered
after the leaves are fully formed, and before the flowers are
expanded.

Roots of perennial plants, should be collected late in the
Autumn, in Winter, or early in the Spring. Biennials should
be collected in the Autumn of their first year, on the disap-
pearance of the leaves. And the roots of annuals,in the Au-
tumn, before the decay of the stems. Much of the activity of
plants depend upon an observance of these simple rules; yet
they are, by no means absolute, requiring variation, some-
times, in accordance with the peculiar plants, and in others
with the parts required for use. Cultivation, dryness, or wet-
ness of the particular season and locality, have much influ-
ence upon the virtues of many species, all of which should be
specially noted in making up their exact history.

When it is remembered, with what difficulty the physician
is embarrassed, in adjusting the doses of old and well estab-
lished medicines, to the various pathological conditions of his
patients, it will not be a matter of surprise, that, in the exact
establishment of the effects and properties of new and untried
ones, our difficulties should be greatly enhanced. In the for-
mer, we have the experience and observations of the most en-
lightened minds for ages, upon the subject toserve us as guides;
while in the latter we have to grope our way in utter darkness
—like a way-faring man, cutting his path through a perfect
wilderness. J have little doubt, but that many articles, which
are at present laid by, from a loss of the reputation they once
held, induced by the want of a proper appreciation of the

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 5

doses, adapted to the pathological state of the system, will be
resuscitated, and found possessing valuable properties upon
further, more careful, and exact information upon the subject.
It will therefore behoove us to be extremely careful and cir-
‘cumspect, if we attempt to travel the untrodden paths of
science —to admit nothing that will not stand the severest test
of scrutiny, and at the same time, so vary and multiply our
observations and experiments, as to let nothing escape our at-
tention, that will prove a real acquisition to the profession
we adore.

Orver I. RANUNCULACE. (Crow-foot Family.)

Acridity, causticity and poison are the general characterist-
ics of this order. There are exceptions, as in Coptis, which
is a very pure bitter; Hydrastis, which is bitter and astringent,
and Cimicifuga, a mild anti-spasmodic.

Sp. 1.. Ranuncunus azortivus. Linn.

Common name—Small flowered Crowfoot—Chicken pep-
per. Erect, 1°—12° high, fl. pale yellow, minute.—April,
June.

Sp. 2. R. Pennsyivanicus. Linn.

Com. name—Bristly Crowfoot. Wet places; coarse plant.

2°—3° high, inconspicuous pale flowers—June, Aug.
Sp. 3. R. Rerens. Linn.

Com. name—creeping crowfoot ; Butter cups, Stem creep-
ing, 4’—6’ long, petals deep yellow, large.—June, Aug.

These are all very common plants, are powerful vesicatories,
and acrid rubefacients.

Sp. 4. Aguriecta canapensis. Linn.
Com. name—wild Columbine; 1° high, flower, showy scarlet.
—April, June. The seeds are said to be tonic.
Sp. 5. Tuartcrrum anemonowes. Mich.

Com. name—meadow Rue, Rue leaved anemone. A pretty,
small plant, like anemone ; flowers few in a simple umbel—
white.—April, May. There are many other species of this or-
der, some of which may be found to possess medicinal virtues
of a high order.

Orver Il. BERBERIDACE. (Barberry Family.)

All the American plants of this order, are spoken of as me’
dicinal, among which we notice Podophyllum. (May apple.)

6 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [ Nov.

Sp. 6. Lzoxvice raaticrromes. Linn.

Com. names—Cohosh, Blue Cohosh, Blueberry, Papoose
root, Squaw root, Blue Ginseng, Yellow Ginseng; 13° high.
Flowers small, yellowish green ; seeds the size of large peas,
blue.—May.

According to Rafinesque, it is demulcent, anti-spasmodic,
emmenagogue, sudorific, &c. The Indians and their imitators,
he says, use it against Rheumatism, Dropsy, Sorethroat,
Cramp, Hiccup, Epilepsy, Hysteria, Inflammation of the Ute-
rus, &c. Smith asserts that the Indian women owe the facil-
ity of their parturition to a constant use of a tea of the root,
for 2 or 3 weeks before their time. It may be used in infusion,
decoction, tincture and syrup.

Sp. 7. Jerrersonia nipHytia. Pers.

Com. names—Common Twin leaf; Rheumatism root; Yel-
low root; Helmet pod; Ground Squirrel pea. Very much re-
sembles a Podophyllum. 3'—6' high; flowers white 1' broad.
— April, May.

Rafinesque asserts that the Indians used this plant as adi-
uretic in Dropsy. Riddell mentions that it was used by Dr.
Jones, as a stimulant, diaphoretic, anti-Rheumatic, and anti-
spasmodic. | think it is worth analyzation and fair trial.

Orpver II]—CABOMBACE. (Water Shield Family.)

Sp. 8. Brasenia petrara. Pursh. Syn. Hypropetris Purpurea.
Michx.

Com. names—Water Shield, Frogleaf, Little Water Lilly,
Water Jelly, Deer Food. Stalks coated with clear jelly —
Leaves entire 2’/—3' across.—July.

Rafinesque ranks this plant as intermediate between Lichen
Islandicus and the Water Lillies, possessing mucilaginous, astrin-
gent, demulcent, tonic and nutritive properties. It may, on
trial, be found a superior substitute for Lichen in phthisis, in-
flammation of mucous membranes, debility, &c.

Orver IV.—PAPAVERACEE. (Poppy Family.)

Opium and Sanguinaria, are representative products of this
most important order, and so familiar with the profession, thata
word of comment is not necessary.

Sp. 9. Sryzorsorum pievyttum. Nutt. Syn. Meconorsis

Dienytia. D. C.

Com. names—Celandine poppy ; Horn poppy; Braise root.
Flowers yellow, 2' broad.—May, Aug.

Shepf says that it has a yellow juice like celandine, but more
fetid, deleterious, narcotic and phantastic. Used externally for

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany.of Onid. g

wounds, contusions and gravelly paind. The leaves infused
in wine, taken in small doses for gravel sin;Portugal, &c,.")
. Sp. 10. Arcemone mexicana. bduiamlsiic ; sow
Com. name—Mexican Prickly poppy’ “lowers "solitaty ;
pale yellow or white; Calyx prickly.—July, Oct. hited eal
Said by Rafinesque to unite the propérties of opium / panboge
and celandine. Itis anodyne, detersive? tésolutive hy pnvtic
and diuretic. Seeds drastic and emetie.-“Used?in Herpeétic
diseases, Psora, Sore eyes, Dropsy, Jautidiee? &e2°!0% ©! #4

Orver V.—FUMARIACE. = (FumitorFimily.) |
This is rather a feeble order, but according to Lindley}some

plants contain a peculiar alkaloid called Corydalin?! °° °1ost
BANOO fsonomA
Sp. 11. Dicenrra cucutrarta, DC: aE:

There has been a good deal of confusion in -spelling,.this
name correctly among high authority. De Canponng) speltat
Diclytra. Torrey and Gray, as good American, authority gs
can be produced, spelt it Dielytra in 1840. ° 4°07) “A

Com. name—Dutchman’s Breeches. A verysdelicateplant,
with a slender scape bearing 4—10 pretty, but'odd shapicil, wile
flowers tipped with cream color.—April, May,

Sp. 12. Dicenrra canapensis. D.Gye6 i0D
Com. name—Squirrel corn; Colic weed. Muth, like’the
preceding. Flower greenish-white tinged with red, fragrance
of Hyacinths. 5 ed
Riddell mentions that Dr. Jones, of Columbus, usés a‘drachm
three times a day as a substitute for mercury, in Vénerealtom-
plaints. It is used as a lotion externally, in syphilis and gon-
orrhea. Riddell imagines that it is probably secernent, stim-
ulant, diuretic and diaphoretic. I have, myself;sybstituted it
in cutaneous diseases, for the Fumaria officinalis,.of ‘the,shops.
It is probably worth investigating. Fs

Sp. 13. Corypauis aurea. Willd... ood
Com. name—Golden Corydalis. Flowers gdélden+yellow,
and showy, or paler and less handsome; Pods hardly 1’ long,
uneven.—April, July. ie capaety
Sp. 14. Corypauis GLauca. Pursh. «| “ee rold
Com. name—Smooth Corydalis. Corolla whitish, shaded
with yellow and flesh color.—May, July. ape”
Probably possessing properties in common with the order.
Orver VI.—CAPPARIDACE. (Caper Family.)

Properties—acrid, bitter, nauseous. sit 1100 '
Ong

3 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.

Sp. 15. Poxanista craveotens. Raf.

Com. names—False mustard; Clammy mustard; Worm
weed; Stink weed; Common Clammy weed. Flowers small,
calyx and filaments purplish ; petals yellowish white —June,
August. ; :

Active anthelmintic, resembling in its effects, Chenopodium
anthelminticum. ‘The whole plant may be used, either in
powder, decoction, or syrup.

It is noticed in Grirrrra’s Mepicat Borany, p. 189.

Orver VIJ—VIOLACE. (Violet Family.)

Lindley tells us that the roots of all Violacee, appear to be
more or less emetic, a property, so strongly possessed by South
American species, as to acquire the name of Ipecacuanha.—
Hence, we have every reason to believe, we would be doing
good service in the cause of American Pharmacy, to investi-
gate this hitherto much neglected order.

Sp. 16. Sozea concotor. Ging. Syn. Viola Concolor. Pursh.
Com. name—Green Violet. A homely plant 1°—2° high.
Pod 1' long.—June.
Sp. 17. Viota stanpa. Willd.
Com. name—Sweet white violet. Flowers small, fragrant.
—April, May.
Sp. 18. V.Saerrrata. Ait.
‘Com. name—Arrow leaved Violet.
Leaves halbert form or arrow shaped. Flow:rs large deep
blue.—May.
Sp. 19. V. Cucuntara. Ait.

Com. name—Hood leaved Violet. Foliage variable.—
Flowers large and numerous; deep colored blue.—Apl. June.
Sp. 20. V. Patmara. Linn.

Com. name—Palmate Violet. Flowers same as 19. Leaves
very variable.—May.
Sp. 21. Vrota rostrata. Pursh.

Com. name—Long Spurred Violet; plant 4'—6’ high.—
Flowers large in proportion ; pale; Spurr 4’ long.—June.

Sp. 22. V. Munuensercu. Torr.

Com. name—Spreading Violet. Stems 4’/—7' long. Flowers

middle-sized.—May, June.
Sp. 23. V. Srramra. Ait.

Com. name—Pale Violet. Flowers sulphur color—May,

June.

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 9

Sp. 24. V. Pussscens. Ait.
Com. name—Downy Yellow Violet; plant 6\—10’ high —
Flowers deep yellow.—June. July.
Sp. 25. V. Tricotor. Linn.

Com. name—Field Pansy; Heart’s Ease; from gardens.—
May, July.
These plants are all very common and well known.

Orver VIII.—CISTACE. (Rock Rose Family.)

Sp. 26. Hewtanrnemum canavense. Michx.
Com. name—Frost weed, Frost plant. Crystals of ice shoot
from the bark at the root.—June, Aug.
Sp. 27. HeutanrHemuM corymMposuM. Michx.
Com. name—Rock Rose.—June, August.
Tonic, astringent, deobstruent, alterative, &c.
In the Appendix of the last edition of Wood & Bache, will
be found an account of these plants.

Dr. Ives, Dr. Parrish and Dr. Tyler have used them
with success in scrofula, scrofulous sore eyes, diarrhea and
secondary syphilis. Dr. Brocket,( West. Lancet, Vol. III. p. 432,)
has used them in eczema, &c.

Orper IX.—MALVACE. (Mallow Family.)

Sp. 28. Nara pioica. Linn. Syn. Sida dioica. Cav.

Com. name—Glade Mallow. Root leaves 1°--2° broad.—°
July.

Sp. 29. Matva syivestris. Linn.

Com. name—High Mallow. Partially naturalized—May,

August.
Sp. 30. Husiscus moscurutos. J.inn.

Com. name—Swamp Rose Mallow. Plant stout, 5° high,

corolla 5’ in diameter.
Sp. 31. H. Syriacus. Linn.

& Com. name—Shruby Althea; common in gardens; a small
tree.—July, August.

Orver X.—TILIACE, (Linden Family.)
Sp. 32. Tira americana. Linn.

Com. names—Bass wood, White wood, Lime tree. Flowers
cream color; fragrant; large tree.

ye

a

10 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.
Orver XJ.—LINACE. (Flax Family.)

Sp. 33. Liyum vireinanum. Linn.
Com. name—Wild Flax. Biennial or perennial? Stem
1°—2° high.—June, August.
The above three orders all possess purely mucilaginous
SE ag They are also all perfectly innocuous and health-
ul.

Orprr XII.—ZANTHOXYLACE. (Prickly Ash Family.)

Nearly all the plants known of this order, are aromatic and
pungent. Some are powerful sudorifics and diaphoretics.—
According to Barton, they possess the remarkable property of
exciting salivation, whether applied immediately to the gums
or taken internally.

Sp. 34. Prreta rrirouata. Linn.

Com. name—Shrubby Trefoil, Swamp Dog wood, Stinking
Prairie Bush, Stinking Ash, Wing Seed. A tall shrub; fruit
bitter.—June.

Riddell says it has been used in the cure of intermittents,
and believes it to possess active medicinal properties.—(Synop.
West. Flor. 34.)

Orver XII].—ACERACEZ. (Maple Family.)

Sp. 35. Acer prennsyLvanicum. Linn.
Com. names-—-Striped Maple, Striped Dogwood, Moosewood,
Dock Mackie Maple. A small slender tree.—June.
Used as a topical application in inflammations.

Sp. 36. A. Rusrum. Linn.
Com. name—-Red Maple, Swamp Maple. Large tree.

An extract from the bark is astringent, and might many
times be substituted for high price. foreign articles.

Orpver XIV.—-HIPPOCASTANACE. (Horse Chestnut Family.)
Sp. 37. éscutus Grasra. Willd.

Com. names—Ohio Buckeye, Fetid Buckeye. Small tree.
Flowers small; not showy.—May, June.

Sp. 38. /K. Frava. Ait.

Com. names—Yellow Buckeye, Smooth Buckeye. Oftena
large tree. Seeds very large.—May.

These are the emblem trees of Ohio, and beyond question,
possess medicinal properties of considerable power; yet we
do not know the cases to which they are exactly adapted.—
The effect of the leaves in the Spring, and of the fruit in the

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 11

Fall, upon cattle that eat them, are well known to every phys-
ician of the west. It appears strange, therefore, that we do
not more carefully investigate their just position in the Materia
Medica, instead of depending upon foreign substitutes of
equally doubtful, and more variable and unknown properties.

Orppr XV.—CELASTRACE. (Spindle-tree Family.)
Sp. 39. Cervasrrus scanpens. Linn.

Com. names—-Wax Work, False Bittersweet, Climbing Bit-
tersweet, Fever-twig, Staff-vine. Stem woody; twining, scar-
let covering of the seeds, ornamental.—June.

Sp. 40. Evonymus atropurrureus. Jacq.

Com. names—Burning Bush, Indian Arrow, Spindle-tree—
Shrub 10°—12° high. Fruit in copious clusters; crimson, or-
namental.—June.

This is rather an active order, but little used in regular
practice. Gnruirrirx says that the general character of the order
is acridity, but the seeds yield an oil which is useful for a va-
riety of purposes. Celastrus Scandens, according to Rafines-
que, is equivalent to Dulcamara and mezereon. Riddell asserts
that it has been used by Thompsonians as a stimulating diu-
retic, and in doses of 3i, 3 times a day, of the powdered bark,
is capable of removing hepatic obstructions. Griffith, (Med.
Bot. p. 219,) regards the two species as equivalents of each
other and used alike. My friend, Dr. Wurrs, of Lancaster, re-
cently mentioned to me, that Euonymus Atropurpureus, had been
used in intermittents. Indeed, he thinks it will not only as
certainly cure intermittents as quinine; but that it will prevent
their subsequent recurrence. Should such be the fact, it will
certainly prove an acquisition to our Materia Medica. They
are at least worthy of extended trial.

Orver XVI.—VITACEZ. (Vine Family.)

Sp. 41. Ampetorsis quinqueroua. Michx.
Com. names—Virginian Creeper, AmericanlIvy, Five leaved
Ivy, Woody Climber. Flowers in July. Berries black, in Oct.

Eberle recommended this plant as an admirable expector-
ant in pulmonary complaints, an account of which may be
found in the Ist Vol. of West. Med. Gaz.

Orper XVII.—LEGUMINOSEZ. (Pulse or Bean Family.)

This is one of the most extensive, as it is also one of the most
important in the vegetable kingdom, whether it has reference
to objects, either of ornament, of utility, or of nutriment.

12 Bigelow. on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.

Sp. 42. Rosita pseupacacra. Linn.
Com. names—Common Locust, False Acacia, Black Locust.
Flowers white; fragrant; large tree.—June.
Inner bark sweetish, like liquorice, emetic, cathartic and
pectoral, according to doses; root best. Blossoms laxative.—
(Rafinesque Med. Flor. Vol. II. p. 258.)

Sp. 43. Baprista tevcanrua. Torr. and Gr.

Com. name—Tall White False Indigo. Flowers white.—
Pods 2’ long.—July.

Closely allied to B. Tinctoria, of which a tolerable good his-
tory is given by Rafinesque, (Med. Flor. Vol. I. p. 79,) and
Wood and Bache. It possesses the same properties and is
considered valuable by some physicians.

Sp. 44. Cassia cuyamacrista. Linn.

Com. names—Prairie Senna, Partridge Pea, Wild Senna.—
Stems spreading; 1° long; showy, bright yellow petals.—Aug.

Riddell says that this is a better cathartic than the C. Mari-
landica, and most writers, that this last is better than the Egyp-
tian Senna of theshops. Ihave used C. Marilandica, but have
not been pleased withit. My ill-success with it however, may
have been caused by its not having been gathered and cured
in a proper manner, and at a proper season. I gathered in
Summer, when it was in blossom; but Rafinesque says it
should be collected in Autumn after the fruit has ripened. If
it is worthy, it should certainly supersede the foreign article.

Sp. 45. Trpsrosta virciniana. Pers.

Com. names—Hoary Pea, Turkey Pea, Goat’s Rue, Catgut,
Devil’s Shoe Strings—1° high; large, handsome blossoms, yel-
lowish-white, marked with red-purple.—June.

Griffith, (Med. Bot., 248,) recommends giving it a fair trial,
from the fact that other species of the genus are known to
possess active qualities, especially of a purgative character.

Orver XVIII—ROSACE. (Rose Family.)
A well known order, possessing valuable astringent, tonic,
and anodyne properties.

Sp. 46. Sprr#a opuntronra. Linn.
Com. name—Nine Bark. Shrub 4°—10° high. Flowers
white; pods tinged with purple—June. .
Sp. 47. S. Saurerroura. Linn.

Com. name—Willow-leaved Meadow Sweet. Shrub 2°—
5° high. Flowers white; tinged with purple.—July.

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 13

Sp. 48. S. Tomentosa. Linn.

Com. names—Hard Hack, Steeple Bush, Rosy Bush. Shrub
3° high. Flowers rose color.—July.

Not well recognised in our books. Griffith, (Med. Bot. 281,)
states that the part recognised in the U. S. Pharmacopeia, is
the least valuable; and S. Tomentosa, is the only one noticed.
They should be further and more closely investigated.

Sp. 49. S. Lopara. Murr.

Com. name—Queen of the Prairie. Herbaceous, perennial.
Stem 4°—8° high. Flowers deep peach blossom color; very
handsome.

The blossoms, and probably the young seed pods, possess a
peculiar fragant and aromatic astringency, that will doubtless
render it valuable when we come toknowmore of its properties.

Sp. 50. Acrionra EupAToRIA. Linn.

Com. names—Common Agrimony, Cockle Burr, Stick-wort.
Root sweet scented.—July, Sept.

Mild astringent, tonic and corroborant. Useful in coughs,
and bowel complaints, (Rafinesque Med. Flor. 1-34.)

Sp. 51. Sancursorsa canapensis. Linn.

Com. name—Canada Burnett. A tall herb; flowers white,
sometimes purple.—August, Oct.

Slightly astringent and tonic—(Riddell Syn. West. Flor. 17.)

Sp. 52. Geum virermranum. Linn.

Com. names—White Avens, Evan root, Avens, Chocolate
root, Cure-all, Throat-root.

Sp. 53. Gzum vernum. Torr. and Gr. Syn. Stylipus. Raf.

Com. name—Western early Avens. Flowers small, yellow.
—April, June.

These, as also all the others of the genus, are astringent,
styptic, tonic, febrifuge, and stomachic. Much neglected by
the profession, from no other cause that I know of, but that
they are so easily obtained.

Sp. 54. Porentrira canapensis. Lind.

Com. names—Cinque-foil, Five-finger. Very common.—
Flowers yellow.—April, October.

Sp. 55. P. Norveerca. Linn,

Com. name—Norway Cinque-foil. A coarse, homely, an-
nual or biennial weed.—July, Sept.

A very good mild astringent.

Sp. 56. Comarum patustre. Linn. Syn. Potentilla Palustris. Scop. &e.

Com.name—MarshCinque-foil. Stems 1°—2° high.—June.
Another active and useful astringent.

14 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.

Sp. 57, Fracarta vircrniana. Ehrh,

Com. name—Wild Strawberry.—April, June.

Leaves astringent. Berries a delightful refrigerant. Grif-
fith, (Med. Bot. 277,) condescends to notice this well known
plant, although hitherto, our Pharmacologists have entirely
neglected it. Itis a native and beautiful plant, and deserves
not the neglect that has been doled out to it.

Sp. 58. Rusus stricosus. - Michx.

Com. name—Wild Red Raspberry. Stem biennial—May.
Leaves frequently used as a mild astringent.

Orper XIX.—-CALYCANTHACE. (Calycanthus Family.)
Sp. 59. Cazycanruus rioripus. Linn.
Com. names—Carolina Allspice, Sweet Scented Shrub.
Shrubs 5°—10° high. Flowers lurid purple.—March June.

Root, according to Rafinesque, is very strong emetic.—(Med.
Flor. Vol. IL. p. 203.)

Orper XX.—ONAGRACE. (Evening Primrose Family.)
Sp. 60. Epxtnopium aneustirotium. Linn.

Com. name—Great Willow Herb. Stem 4°—10° high.—
Flowers pink-purple, very showy; pods hoary.—July.

Roots emollient, slightly astringent, and anti-dysenteric.—
(Riddell Syn. West. Flor. 15.)

E. Cotoratum. Muhl. Com. name—Purple Veined Willow
Herb. Plant 1°—3° high. Common in all parts of the State.
My friends, Drs. Van Fossen & Kreider have used this plant
in cases of Dysentery with marked benefit.

Sp. 61. Qinornera prennis. Linn.

Com. names—Common Evening Primrose, Cure-all. Stem
erect 3°—7° high; flowers bright yellow.—June, Sept.

Griffith, (Med. Bot. 304,) gives this plant a place in his book.
He says the bark and leaves in arecent state are mucilaginous,
and leave a slight sensation of acridity after being chewed.—
He used it in infantile eruptions, of an obstinate character;
bathing the eruptions several times a day, with a decoction
made of the bark of the large stems and leaves.

Oxpsr XXI—PASSIFLORACEE. (Passion Flower Family)
Sp. 62. Passrrora nurea. ~ Einti! P08 YOY A

Com. name—Pale’ Passion ‘Fléwer:* FlOoWey Hkelishyae
lowy smal vites Climbing by iténdrilsi2 dulyi/Septrs a .ciod

Jasgaiites Iuloes bas ovitos tsdionA

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohw. 15

Griffith, (Med. Bot. 144,) remarks that our information with
regard to this genus of plants, is far from being definite; yet,
he believes they possess active qualities, capable of fulfilling
a variety of indications. Some of them possess narcotic and
emetic properties.

Orper XXII.—CUCURBITACE. (Gourd Family.)
Sp. 63. Sycros ancuatus. Linn.

Com. names—One Seeded Star Cucumber, Wild Bryony
Succulent vines.—July, Sept.

Root and seeds bitter, purgative and diuretic. Equivalent
of Bryony in dropsies—(Rafinesque Med. Flor. p. 263.)

Orner XXIII]—CRASSULACE. (House Leek Family.)

Said by Lindly to possess refrigerant and abstergent prop-
erties.

Sp. 64. Sepum rernatum. Michx.
Com. names—False Ice Plant, Three-Leaved Stone Crop.—

Petals white, common in gardens.—May, June.
Little is known of this order except what is said by Lindley.

Orver XXIV.—SAXIFRAGACE. (Sazifrage Family.)

Lindley observes that all the plants of this order possess
more or less astringent properties. Heuchera americana is well
spoken of and recommended by Wood and Bache, in the U.S.
Dispensatory; but notwithstanding, it is almost entirely neg-
lected by American physicians.

Sus orper I—SAXIFRAGE. (True Sazifrages.)
Sp. 65. SaxirraGa PennsyLyanica. Linn.

Com. name—Swamp Saxifrage. A homely species—scape

1°—2° high, upright; leaves 4'—8’ long.—May, June.
Sp. 66. Suizivantra ontonis, Torr. and Gr.

Com. name—NSullivantia. Scapes 8'—12’ high; leaves 2’
across.—June.

Besides these, we have Sazifraga virginiensis, heuchera pu-
bescens, Mitella diphylla, &c., all of which should be investigated.

Sus orver Il—HYDRANGE. (Hydrangea Family.)
Sp. 67. Hyprancea arporescens. Linn.
Com. names—Wild Hydrangea, Bissum. Shrubs 2°—4°
high; cymes flat; flowers often all fertile—July.
_ Dr. Eoff has found the leaves tonic, sialagogue, cathartic

and diuretic. Used in decoction or powder.—(Rafinesque
Med. Flor. Vol. II. 229.)

16 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.
Orper XXV.—UMBELLIFER. (Parsley Family.)

This is an important order, and well represented in our
Dispensatories; but the American species are sadly neglected
by our physicians.

Sp. 68. Strum Latirouium. Linn.

Com. name—Broad-leafed Water Parsnip. Plant 2°—5°
high. Leaflets 7—11.—July, Sept.

Deleterious plant, yet deemed diuretic, emmenagogue, her-
petic and lithontriptic. Leaves used for obstinate cutaneous
diseases, 6 spoonfuls of juice in a day, said not to hurt the head,
stomach, nor bowels.—(Rafinesque Med. Flor. Vol. II. 264.)

Sp. 69. Osmorruiza tonetstyuis. D. C.

Com.name—SweetCicely. Plant3° high, branching.—May,
June.

Sweet aromatic, much of the flavor of Anise.

Sp. 70. Tuasprum BARBINopE. Nutt.
- Com. name—Meadow Parsnip. Flowers yellow; fruit elip-
tical.—June.

Sp. 71. Tuasrrum arropurrureuM. Nutt. Syn. Th. Cordatum.
Torr.and Gr. @
Com. name—Round Heart. Flowers dark-purple; stem 1°
—-2° high.—June.
Vulnary, anti-syphilitic, sudorific, antidote to Rattle-snake
bites.—(Rafinesque, 267.) This is an active genus of plants,
and deserves to be studied and examined.

Sp. 72. Aneetica Lucipa. Linn.

Com. names—Angelic root, Belly-ache root, Nendo, White
root. Introduced—bitterish, sub-acrid, fragrant, aromatic,
stomachic and tonic.—(Rafinesque, 192.) I have ventured to
put it down an Ohio plant on the authority of Riddell.

Orvmer XX VI.—_CAPRIFOLIACE. (Honey Suckle Family.)
Not an active order, yet grouped and closely allied to those
that are.
Trize 1.—LONICER. (Honey Suckle Tribe.)
Sp. 73. SyMPHoRICARPUS RACEMosUS. Michx.

Com. name—Snowberry. Berries large, bright-white, re-
maining till Winter.—June, September.

Root tonic, astringent, used for agues in Virginia. Bark
used for syphilis by western tribes. Active fibrifuge in small
doses.—(Rafinesque, 266.)

1849. | Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 17

Sp. 74.. Diervitzta triripa. Meench.
Com. name—Bush Honey Suckle. Flowers honey colored,
not showy.—June, Aug.
It has been used as a diuretic in gonorrhea and syphilis,
&c.—(Rafinesque, 216.)
Tre I1—SAMBUCEZ. (Kider Tribe.)
Sp. 75, Visurnum tenraco. Linn.
Com. names—Sweet Viburnum, Nannyberry. Tree 15°—
20° high ; very handsome.—May, June.
Dr. Kreider says it has the reputation of curing intermit-
tents equal to cinchona. If such are its properties, it is time |
for us to attend to it.
Sp. 76. Visurnum pentatum. Linn.
Com. names—Arrow Wood, Mealy Tree, Tily of the Indians.
Shrub 5°—10° high; common.—June.

Contains a peculiar fragrant oil. Bark used by the Indians
-and Shakers as a diuretic. Used in decoction also to prevent
and remove cancerous affections.—(Rafinesque, 274.)

Sp. 77. Visurnum pruniroLium. Linn.

Com. names—Black Haw, Sloe leaved Viburnum. Tree
like shrub, very handsome in flowers and foliage.—May.

Leaves used for tea in the south—(Rafinesque.)

Orver XX VII.-—-CORNACE. (Dogwood Family)

Besides those well known, and represented in our Dispensa- ©

tories we have.
Sp. 78. Cornus pantcutata. L’Her.

Com. name—Panicled Cornel. Shrub 4°—8° high.—June.

Substitute for C. Florida.

Sp. 79. Cornus stotontrera. Michx. Syn. C. Alba Wang..

Com. names——Osier Rouge, Red Osier Cornel.

Forms large dense clumps 3°—6° high

An infusion of the bark of the young twigs will allay vam-
iting.—(Riddell.)

Orver XXVIII.--RUBIACE. (Madder Family.)

This, including its Sub orders, is one of the most important
in medical Botany: in the foreign representatives of which,
will be found Cinchona, Ipecacuanha, Coffee, and among our na-
tives Spigelia, &c.

2

18 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.
Sus orteR I—STELLATA. (True Madder Family.)

Sp. 80. Gazrum circazans. Michx.
Com. names—Wild Liquorice, Master of the Woods. About
1° high. Flowers purple-—June, Aug.
Demulcent, expectorant and diuretic. It is quite popular as
a domestic remedy.
Sp. 81. Gazrum asprentum, Michx.
Com.name—Rough Ladies Bed Straw. Stems weak, reach-
ing 4°—5° high. Flowers numerous, small.—July.
Actively diueretic, like most of its congeners.

Suz orner I1.—CINCHONE. (Cinchona Family.)

Sp. 82. CEpHaLanruus occrpenTauis. Linn.

Com. names—Button Bush, White Ball, Little Snow Ball,
Swamp Wood, Pond Dogwood, Globe Flower. Shrub 4°—10°
high.—July, Aug. Abundant.

Rafinesque speaks highly of its virtues, and Griffith in no-
ticing it, remarks that it deserves a fair trial at the hands of.
the profession.

Sp. 83. Mircuer.a repens. Linn.

Com. name—Partridge Berry. Pretty little trailing ever-
green.—June, July.

By some itis regarded as an expectorant and emmenago-
gue, (Riddell.) Others as a mild diuretic; used in New Eng-
land, to cure dropsy and gout.—(Rafinesque.) From its rela-
tionship it should command sufficient attention to determine
its virtues.

Orrer XXIX.—VALERIANACEZ. (Valerian Family.)
Sp. 84. VALERIANA PAucIFLORA. Michx,.
Com. name—American Valerian. Stems 1°—2° high.—

Flowers pale pink.—June.
Said by Riddell to possess tonic, anti-spasmodic and vermi-

fuge properties.
Sp. 85. Vaterrana ciuzara, ‘Torr. and Gr.
Com. name—Fringed Valerian. Stem 2°—4° high; flowers
polygamous, the pistillate smaller, greenish white.—June.
I know nothing by experience of these plants, but their af-
finities would seem to indicate their possession of useful prop-
erties. They are worthy of investigation.

Orper XXX.—COMPOSIT. (Compound Family.)
This is one of the largest orders of North American phen-
ogamous plants embracing over 900 species.

’ ‘ — ,

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 19

Sp. 86. VERNONIA NOVEBORACENSIS. Wild.

Com. names—Iron Weed, Flat Top. Tall coarse weed;
flowers purple.—Aug. Sept.

Reported to be an active purgative. (Riddell.)

Sp. 87. Evparorium sgssiuirotium, Linn.

Com. name—Upland Bone Set. Stems (with us) 2°—23°
high, very much resembles EH. perfoliatum; flowers white.—
Ang. Sept.

Tonic according to Riddell. (Syn. West. Flor. 56.)

Sp. 88, Evparorrum AGERATOIDEs, Linn.

Com. name—White Snake root. Stem 2°—8° high; flow-
ers white.—Aug. Sept.

Anti-spasmodiec, diuritic, diaphoretic. Used in nervous dis-
eases. Dose 3iininfusion. (Riddell.)

It was thought at one time to be the cause of trembles in
cattle and milk sickness in the human family.—(Sullivant’s
Cat. pl. Columb. 58.)

Sp. 89, Evparorium aromaticum. Linn.

Com. name—Fragrant Eupatorium. Flowers very white,
reseinbles the last.— Aug. Sept.

A very pretty species, and doubtless possesses the properties
of 88.

Sp. 90. ErigERon BELLIDIFoLIUM. Muhl.
Com. name—Robins Plantain.

Rays (about 50) bright blueish purple, common.—May.
Bitterish, pungent, diuretic. (Rafinesque.)
Sp. 91, Sormaco rierpa. Linn.
Com. names—Rigid Golden Rod, Bones Styptic. Plant 2°
—3° high. Heads large, yellow.—August, September.
Astringent, styptic, corroborant. (Riddell.)

Sp. 92. Soxrpaco ontoensts. (Ridd.)
Com.name—Ohio Golden Rod. Plant 2°~—3° high, root
leaves 1° long.—Aug. Sept.

Besides these, we have upwards of 20 other species of Gol-
den rod, among which I have not a doubt, some will be found
valuable.

Sp. 93. SrmpHtum THREBINTHINACZUM, Linn.

Com. names—Prairie Burdock, Rosin Weed. Stemslender
1°—10° high, the thick root leaves 1°—2° long.—July, Sept.

iit tadasil

20 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. . [Nov.

Sp. 94. Sirpuium perrouiatum. Linn.
Com. names—Cup Plant, Turpentine Sun Flower. Stem
4°_6° high, leaves thin.—July.
These and some other species, yield a fragrant gum, which
is stimulant and anti-spasmodic. (Griffith Med. Bot. I. c.)

Sp. 95. Amprosia TRIriDA. Linn.

Com. names—Great Ra Weed, Horse Weed, Wild Hemp.
Coarse unsightly plant 4°—12° high.

Appears to be highly beneficial in arresting excessive sali-
vation. (Griffith, Med. Bot. 387.)

Sp. 96. Heouinacra purpurEA. Meench,
Com. names— Purple Cone Flower, Black Sampson.—
Flowers dull purple, rather handsome.—July.
Root thick, black, very pungent to the taste; aromatic and
carminative, little known. (Riddell, West. Flor. 58.)

Sp. 97. Corzopsis rricHosPpeRMA. Michx.

Com. name—Tick Weed Sunflower. Rays large, golden
yellow.—September.

This and several other species of the genus, and the closely
allied genus Bidens, yield a good deal of coloring principle.—
The seeds are said to be alterative. In what cases they are
indicated, 1 do not know. (Riddell, Syn. West. Flor. 59.)

Sp. 98. Aster corpirouius, Linn.

Com. name—Heart Leaved Aster. Rays pale blue, heads

in great profusion, but quite small.September.
Sp. 99. Asrer puntcevs, Linn.

Com. name—Rough Stemmed Aster. Stem 3°—6° high.
Rays lilac-blue.-—September.

The roots of these and several other species, are said to be
aromatic and anti-spasmodic. They are very common plants,
and more of their qualities should be known. (Griffith, Med.
Bot. 387.)

Sp, 100. Anrremisza Brennis. Willd.

Com. name—Biennial Worm Wood.

Tonic and anthelmintic. Requires examination.
Sp. 101, Anvennaria prorca. Gertn, Syn, Gnaphalium Dioicum.

Linn.
Com. name—Diccious Everlasting.
Pectoral and demulcent. (Griffith, Med. Bot. 487.)
Sp. 102. Erecuruirus HIERACIFOLIA, Raf.

Com. names — Fire Weed, Ra Roct. Syn. Senecio Hiera-
cifolius. Linn.

Plant 1°—8° high, somewhat the aspect of a sow thistle;
very common.—July, Sept.

a

) oie | ee

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 21

Some diplomatized Quack, I see by the Eastern papers, is
lauding this plant as an infalible specific in cholera. It is a
very common and disagreeable weed. Rafinesque, (Med. FI.
2nd, 262,) says in large doses it is emetic.

Vulnerary, acrid tonic, and astringent.

Sp. 103. Naxpatus atpus. Hook. Syn. Prenanthes Serpentaria.
Pursh.

Com. names—White Lettuce, Lion’s Foot, Rattle Snakes
Master, Rattle Snake Root. Stem tall (8°—7* high,) corym-
bose panicled at the summit; pappusdeep cinnamon color ;
flowers greenish white —Aug.

This and several other species of the genus, possess a rep-
atation for curing the bites of Rattle snakes.—(Pursh.) The
roots are also used in dysentery. (Griffith, 387.).

Sp. 104, Hreracium venosum. Linn.
Com. names—Rattle Snake Weed, Veiny Hawk Weed.—
Plant 1°—2° high; rays large, for the size of the head.—Aug.
This and other plants of the genus, of which we have sev-
eral, are supposed to possess bitter, astringent and narcotic
qualities. [Riddell, Syn. West. Fl. 47.]
Sp. 105. Munexprum acuminatum. D. C,
Com. name—Blue Lettuce. Syn. Lactuca Villosus. Jacq.
Biennial 3°—6° high; pappus bright white, flowers blue.—
August. |
Sp. 106. M. Froripanum. D.C. Syn. Lactuca Ploridana. Geertn,
Sonchus Floridanus. Linn.
Com. name—False Lettuce. |
Biennial 3°—6° high; flowers blue.—Aug. .
They have the reputation of curing the bites of Rattle snakes.
From their close affinity to the officinal Lactucas,I have no doubt
on examination, they will be found to possess narcotic and al-
terative qualities worthy of attention and use.

Orper XXXI—ERICACE/. [Heath Family.]
Sup orper I. Vaccinex, [Whortleberry Family. |
Sp. 107. Gayiussacta restnosa. Torr.and Gr. Syn.. Vaccinium
Resinosum, Auct.

Com. name—Black Huckleberry. Shrub 1°—8° high.—
Flowers reddish, tinged with green.—May, June. Fruit sweet
and pleasant. |

Sp. 108, Vaccinium sramineuM. Linn.

Com.names—Buck Berry, Squaw Huckle Berry, Deer Berry.
Shrub 2°—4°. Berries greenish—May, June.

The leaves of these plants are astringent, and have been
used in tanning leather. [Rafinesque, Med. Flor. 2nd, 272.]

22 Bigelow on the Medical Botnny of Ohio. [Nov.

Sp. 109. Vacctnrum macrocarpon. Ait. Syn. Oxycoccus Macrocarpus.
Pers.

Com.name—Common American Cranberry. Stems trailing
2°—-3° long, corolla rose color. Berries light scarlet.

Wood and Bache, I believe, hardly mention these plants,
yet the sweetened juice of these acidulous fruits, are peculiarly
cooling and gratefui, in nearly all our malarial and inflamma-
tory fevers.

Sus orper I]. Ericinea. [True Heath Family.}
Sp. 110. RsopoprenpRon MAximum, Linn

Com. names—Great Laurel, American Rose Bay. Shrub
6°—20° high; leaves 4’—10' long; very thick evergreen.—
Flowers pale rose color, very ornamental.—July.

Stimulant and astringent according to Bigelow, Barton and
Griffith. Rafinesque says the bark increases the heat of the
body, excites thirst, and increases the secretions and excretions.
Used for rheumatism and gout by the Indians. [Med. Flor.
256.)

Sus orper III. Pyroues. [Winter Green Family.]

Sp. 111. Curmapniza Macutata. Pursh. Syn. Pyrola Maculata
Linn,

Com. names—Spotted Pipsiseway, Spotted Wintergreen,
White Pipsiseway, King Cure, Ground Holly, Rheumatism
Weed.—June, July.

This plant grows abundantly on our hills, andis a good sub-
stitute for C. Umbellata. Griffith, [Med. Bot. 423,] remarks
that there is a popular prejudice against this plant, so much
as to render the belief of its poisonous properties prevalent,
and he also asserts that Dr. Mitchell thinks that it is wholly
inert. Both of these prejudices are unfounded, for I have used
it freely, and believe it equal in every respect to its elegant
congener, which is not by any means too highly lauded.

Sus orper TV. Monorrzorem. [Indian Pipe Family.]
Sp. 112. Hyporrruys ranuernosa. Nutt.

Com. name—American Pine Sap, False Beech Drops, Birds-
nest. Plant 4’—10' high, velvety.—June, Aug.
Equivalent of Monotropa.

Sp. 113. Monorropa untriora, Linn.

Com. names—Indian Pipe, Ice Plant, Nest root, Fit root,
Pipe plant. Stem 4’—8' high. Stem, leaves and flowers, all
white.—June, Aug.

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 23

Said to be ophthalmic and nervine. A teaspoonful of
the dried root powdered is used in epilepsy and convulsions
of children; often united to valerian. [Rafinesque, 243.]

Orver XXXII.—AQUIFOLIACE. [Holly Family.]
Sp. 114. Ivexopaca. Ait.

Com. name-—-American Holly. Tree 20°--40° high, ever-
green; red.—June.

Powerful diuretic; much used in domestic practice. [Rafin-
esque Med. Flor. 2nd vol. 8.]

Sp. 115. Prinos pavieatus. Pursh.

Com. name—Smooth Winter Berry. Shrub 4°--8° high ;
leaves thin 1’—2’ long.—June.

These plants with the P. Verticillatus, are frequently used in
domestic practice. They appear to be active in their proper-
ties; but little however, is known of them in the profession.

Orver XXXUI—PRIMULACE. [Primrose Family.]

Tre, Priva, [Primrose Family.]

Sp. 116. Lysrmacura quapriroitA, Linn,
Com. names—Four-leaved Loose Strife, Crosswort. Plant
perennial 1° high.—June.
Sub astringent, stomachic, expectorant; used in tea for colds,
coughs and agues, &c. [Rafinesque Med. Flor. 2d, 240.]
Orren XXXIV.—BIGNONIACEA. [Trumpet Flower Family. ] ,
Sp. 117. Cararpa signontorpes. Walt.
Com. names—Catawba, IndianBean. Cultivated ornamen-. |
tal tree, 20°—40° high.—July. |
Said to have a vermifuge bark and emetic wood. A decoc-
tion of the pods has been recommended in pectoral complaints,

and the dried seeds smoked like tobacco, have proved useful in
asthma. [Griffith, Med. Bot., 1. c.]

Sp. 118, Tecoma rapicans. Juss. Syn. Bignonia radicans,- Linn.

Com. names—Trumpet Creeper, Trumpet Flower, Virginian
Creeper. Woody vine, climbing to the tops of trees by root-
lets. Flowers orange and scarlet, showy.—July.

Leaves acrid, depurative, mild, equivalent of Stillingia.-—
[Rafinesque, 267.]

Orper XXXV.—SCROPHULARIACEA, [Figwort Family]
Tre Tl, Anrrrruinivex, [Snap Dragon Tribe.]

Sp. 119. Scropaunarra noposa. Linn. Syn. Serophularia marilan-
dica, Linn, S. Lanceolata. Pursh.

Com. names— Common Figwort, Holmes Weed, Heal All.

en Eee winnatnteitiitaictiliilil |

24 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.

Stem tall; 3°—8° high; 4-sided. Flowers small, greenish
purple.—July.

This plant and its synonymes, have heretofore been consid-
ered distinct, even by Linnzus himself. By our latest and best
authors, however, they are decided to be identical. Conse-
quently what has been said of the foreign plant, will apply
equally to this. It enjoys considerable reputation in domestic
practice.

Sp. 120, Cerone Guasra. Linn. ;

Com. names—-Turtle Head, Snake Head, Balmony, Shell
Flower. Perennial 1°—4° high. Flowers rose color or pur-
ple—ZJuly, September.

Griffith says if it possesses the qualities attributed to it by
Rafinesque, it will prove a valuable addition to the Materia
Medica.

According to Rafinesque, it is a powerful tonic, cathartic,
hepatic, and anti-herpetic. The whole plant may beused, but
the leaves are best. In small doses it is laxative, but in full
doses it purges the bile, removing the yellowness of the skin
inj jaundice, &c. Dose of the powdered leaves Zi. 3 times
daily. [Med. Flor. Vol. II. p. 118.] Thompsonians use it.

Sp. 121. GrariotA aurEA. Muhl.

Com. name—Golden Hedge Hyssop. Stems creeping at
the base. Flowers golden yellow; handsome.—June, Sept.

Said to be equal, if not superior to the officinal Gratiola of

the shops. Not used in this country, but certainly deserves
attention. [Griffith.]

Tre I]. Ruiwanruipex. [ Yellow Rattle Tribe.|
VERONICA PEREGRINA. Linn.

Com. names—Neck weed, Purslane Speed well. Cultivated
grounds, common, naturalized. Flowers whiteish.—Apl. June.

It is given internally, and used externally as a wash in
scrofulous tumors of the neck in some parts of the U. S.—
[Griffith.] We have several other species that will be found
in our books.

OrperR XXXVI—LABIATEA. [Mint Family. |

The presence of an aromatic oil and a bitter principle, are
universal features of this order, upon which depend their ton-
ic, cordial, and stomachic qualities.

Sp. 123. Brepsrmra nirsuta. Benth.
Com. names—Ohio Horse Mint, Hairy Horse Mint. Per-
rennial 2°—8° high, corolla pale, with darker purple spots.—
July. Thought to be equivalent of Monarda Punctata.

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio.

to
ou

Sp. 124. PycnanrHEMUM INCANUM. Michx.

Com. names—Common Mountain Mint, Wild Basil Pe-
rennial plant 2°—4° high; corolla whiteish—Aug.

Sp. 125, PycnantHemum Linirorium. Pursh,

Com. name—Virginian Thyme. Plant 2° high.—July.

Small dense heads.

Smell of these plants very fragrant; taste intermediate be-
tween that of Penny-royal and Spearmint. Used medicinally
by the inhabitants of Sandusky plains. [Riddell.] I should
think they were superior to many other Labiates.

Sp. 126. Lycopus sryvatus. Ell.

Com. names—Water Horehound, Gypsey weed, Paul’s Bet-
ony. Stem perennial, smoothish, 1°--2° high; flowers dense-
ly clustered.—Aug.

This and the L. Virginicus, grow abundantly with us. In
1828, Rafinesque, [Med. Flor. Vol. II pp. 26-30,] gave a good
account of these herbs, indicating their properties, and the
diseases in which they are peculiarly indicated. With the
exception of a few physicians, who have used and recom-
mended them, they have remained in obscurity, until Dr. Davis
published an account of L. Virginicus in the Proceedings of the
National Medical Association for 1848. Nothing new with re-
gard to its applicability to particular pathological states was ad-
ded by Dr. Davis. He deserves credit, however, forresuscitating
an American plant, which promises to rival, or even supersede
the far-famed Digitalis. The sensible properties of L. Sinua-

tus correspond with the L. Virginicus, and from the trials I have ©

made with it, believe it equal. In some respects it may be
superior. Itdeserves atany rateto haveits medicinal relations
exactly fixed.

Sp. 127. Scurentaria canescens. Nutt.
Com. name—Hoary Skull Cap. Plant 2°—3° high; flowers
blue, in terminal racemes; panicled, hoary.—July.
This and several other species, are said by Riddell to possess
good diaphoretic properties. [Synop. West. Flor. p. 80.]

Sp. 128. Lzonurus carpraca. Linn.

Com. name — Motherwort. Perennial 2°—5° high; corolla
bearded, pale purple. Naturalized; waste places, around
houses.—July, Sept.

Stimulant and pectoral. Used for coughs and catarrhs.—

[Rafinesque 236.] Dr. Brocket in the West. Lancet, has given
an account of it.

ltt

26 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.

Sp. 129. Lamrum amprexicaute. Linn.

Com. names—Dead Nettle, Henbit. Annual herbs, decum-
bent; corolla purple. Naturalized, waste places.—May, Oct.

Said to be corroborant, cephalic, sudorific and laxative.—
(Rafinesque, Med. Flor. 235.)

Orper XXX VII.—POLEMONIACE. (Greek Valerian Family.)

Sp. 130. Poremontum rerrans. Linn.

Com. names—False Jacob’s Ladder, Greek Valerian, Sweat
Root. Perennial, low branching, but not creeping ; flowers
nodding, blue.—May.

I have known this plant used as an expectorant in domestic
practice. Riddell says the steam doctors use it as sudorific.—
(Syn. West. Flor. 68.) ’

Orver XXXVIII.—CONVOLVULACE. (Scammony Family.)
Sp. 131. Convotvutus arvensis. Linn,
Com. name—Bind Weed. Stem procumbent or twining.—
A troublesome naturalized weed.—June.

This, with several other species are common, and belong to
an active family.

Sp. 132. Cuscura ctomerata. Chois and C, Cunrorocarpa. Enel,
Com. name—Dodder, American Dodder.
Leafless annual herbs, with reddish or yellow thread like
twining stems, at length parasitic.
These, and several other species of the genus, have very
generally been confounded under the term of C. Americana.
Rafinesque says they are bitterish, sub-astringent, stomachic,
febrifuge and anti-scrofulous. Useful in decoction for agues
and scrofula, (Med. Flor., Vol. I, p. 214.)

Orper XXXIX.—GENTIANACE. (Gentian Family.)
Sp. 133. GeEnTraNnA QUINQUEFLORA. Lam.

Com. name—Five Flowered Gentian. Annual, 1°—2° high;

corolla light purplish-blue; 1’ long nearly —Aug. Sept.
Sp. 134. Genrrana crinita. Freel.

Com. name—Fringed Gentian. Biennial? Plants 1°—2°
high; corolla sky-blue, 2’ long, showy.—Sept.

Both highly tonic, but much neglected plants.

Orver XL.—ASCLEPIADACE. (Milk Weed Family.)
Sp. 135, Ascumpras sutttvantu, Englm.

Com. names—Smooth Milk Weed, Silk Weed. 3°—4°high.
—July.

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 27

Very much resembles A. Cornuti Decaisne, which has hither-
to passed for A. Syriaca, L. Doubtless often mistaken for it,
and possessing similar virtues.

Sp. 136. Acrrares Lonciroua, Ell,

Com. name—Long-leaved Green Milk Weed. Perennial
plants 1°—2° high ; flowers greenish, tinged with yellow and
purple.—June, July.

Resembles Asclepias. We have many species belonging to
this rather active order, which I think will amply repay
scientific investigation.

Orver XLI—OLEACE. (Olive Family.)
Sp. 137. Fraxinus AMertcana. Linn,

Com. name—White Ash. Large foresttree. Leaflets 7—9
stalked.—April, May.

Sp. 138. Fraxrmus quaprancuLata. Michx,

Com. name—Blue Ash. A large tree; leaflets 5—9. Tim-
ber valuable.

According to Rafinesque and Griffith, the barks of these and
others of the genus, are bitter and astringent, and formerly,
were much employed in the treatment of intermittents. They
are said also, to remove splenic enlargements. (Riddell.)

Orver XLII.—POLYGONACEZ. (Knot Weed Family.)
Sp. 139. Potyconum vireintanum. Linn.

Com. names — Wand-spiked Persicaria, Virginian Bistort.
Stem angled, upright 2°—4°. Spike 10’—20’ long.—August.
Astringent, diuretic, sub-tonic, &c. ’

Besides this, and those well known in our Dispensatories, we
have eight or ten species, some of which are doubtless supe-
rior equivalents.

Sp. 140. Rumex vericrnzatus. Linn.

Com. name—Swamp Dock. Stem 2°—4° high. Grain }
to 4 the width of the valve.—-June, July.

We have also, nearly all that are spoken of in our Dispen-
satories. They are acquiring so much reputation, as to be-
come introduced into Quack nostrums. Patient investigation
will determine their good qualities.

Orver XLIII.—SANTALACEZ. (Sandal Wood Family.)
Sp. 141. Comanpra umpettata. Nutt.

Com. name—Bastard Toad-flax. Low (8’—10’high.) Per-
ennial herb, and greenish white flowers.—May, June.
Used for fevers by the Algic tribes. (Rafinesque 2d, 212.)

aia

28 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.
Orper XLIV.—LORANTHACEZ. (Mistletoe Family.)

Sp. 142. Viscum FLAvEscens. Pursh.
Com. name — Yellowish Mistletoe. | Shrubby, parasitic
plants, on the trunks of old trees.—April.
Given in tea or powder for epilepsy, vertigo, pleurisy dys-

entery, &c. By no means inert, although now neglected.—
(Rafinesque, Med. Flor. Vol. II, p. 275.)

Orper XLV.—ULMACE. (Elm Family.)
Sp. 143. Crxris occrpentaris. Linn.
Com. names—-Sugar-berry, Hack-berry. A large tree, with
the aspect of an elm; drupes as large as bird cherries—May.
Rafinesque says the bark is anodyne and cooling. The ber-
ries sweet and astringent. Useful in dysentery. (Med. Flor.
Vol. II. 206.) °

Orver XLVI._SAURURACE. (Lizzard’s Tail Family)
Sp. 144. Saururus cernuvs. Linn.

Com. name—Lizzard’s Tail. A perennial marsh herb 19—
14° high ; flowers white. Spike 3’—6’ long, drooping at the
end.—June.

Rafinesque says it is useful in lumbago. (Med. Flor. 261.)
Little else known of it.

Orver XLVII—BKUPHORBIACE. (Spurge Family.)
Sp. 145. Huryorpra MAcuLaTa. Linn.

Com. names —Spotted Spurge, Milk-purslane. Annual,
prostrate herbs.—June, Sept.

Sp. 146. E. Hyprricrroura. Linn.

Com. name—Larger Spotted Spurge. Resembles the pre-
ceeding, but larger in all its parts.——July, Sept.

These are very common plants, and belong to a well known
active Family, and I believe if properly investigated, would
be found useful in a variety of diseases.

Sp. 147. Acarypya virernica. Linn.

Com. name—Three Seedded Mercury. A homely weed 1°

—2° high; common.—Aug.

Expectorant, diuretic. —(Riddell, Syn. West. Flor. 30.) Little
also is known of it.

Oper XLVUI—JUGLANDACE. (Walnut Family.)
Sp. 148. Junezans tera. Linn.
Com. name—Black Walnut. Large, well known, valuable
tree,—May. Fruit, Oct.

1849. | Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Oho. 29

Leaves may be substituted for J. regia. Fleshy pericarp ;
acrid, stimulant. Good in herpetic eruptions.

Orver XLIX.—SALICACE. (Willow Family.)
Sp. 149. Saurx arpa. Linn. Syn. S. Viellina. Smith.

Com. name—White Willow. Introduced, 50°—80° high.—
May, June.

Sp. 150. Sanrx HUMILIs. Marshall.

Com. names—-Low Bush Willow, Speckled Willow. Shrub
3°—-8° high; catkins appearing before the leaves.

It is pretty well decided, that Salicine is not an equivalent
of Quinine, and | can readily imagine, thatin our anxiety to
discover a cheap substitute for Quinine, in this and other sub-
stances, we may overlook qualities, valuable, if properly di-
rected.

Sp. 151. Poprutus canpicans. Ait.

Com. name—Balmof Gilead Poplar. <A large tree. Aments
long and drooping; appearing before the leaves.

We have four or five species of these trees, and from the
fact of their yielding Salicine, as well as a peculiar principle
termed by Braconnot Populine, 1 think they deserve more ex-
tensive and accurate observations.

Orver L.—URTICACEA. (Nettle Family.)
Tre 1—MOREA. (Mulberry Tribe.)
Sp. 152. Morus rupra. Linn.

Com. names—Black Mulberry, Wild Mulberry. A small,
tree, ripening its blackberry like fruitin July. Flowers fre-
quently dicwcious.—May.

Bark, vermifuge. Said by Rafinesque to expel tenia.—
(Med. Flor. Vol, JI. p. 243°)

Trise I1.—URTICE. (Nettle Tribe proper.)

Sp. 153. Pimea pumina. Gray.
Com. names—Cool-weed, Rich-weed. Plant 4’—18’ high,
annual; the smooth stems pellucid.—July, Sept.
As a wash, they cure the topical poison of Rhus. Its pecu-
liar, grateful strong smell, indicates other properties. (Rafin-
esque, Med. Flor. 2, 186.)

Sp. 154. Parreraria pennsyvanica. Muhl.
Com. name—American Pellitory. A small, homely, annual
weed.—June, Aug.
Juice or decoction used as diuretic, deobstruent, mena-

gogue, in gravel, nephritis, suppressions and obstructions.—
(Rafinesque, Med. Flor. 2d, 250.)

‘(Ss eee ere

30 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Oho. [Nov.
Orpir LI.—ARACE. (Indian Turnip Family.)

Sp. 155. Prrranpra virernica. Raf. Syn. Arum Virginicum. Linn.
Lecontia. Torr. Rensseleria. Beck.
Com. names—Arrow Arum, Taraho, Wampee. Fresh roots
and seeds; acrid, pungent, stimulant. Equivalent to Arum.
——(Rafinesque, Med. Flor. 2d. 257.)

Orper LIL—TYPHACE. (Cat-tail Family.)
Sp. 156. Typaa tarrrouia. Linn.

Com. names—Common Cat-tail, Reed Mace. Stem 4°—5°
high; leaves as long. Flowers in a long and very dense cyl-
indrical spike.—July.

Sp. 157. SparcantumM RaAMosum. Hudson.

Com. name—Great Burr-Reed. Stem 2° or more high.—
Flowers collected in separate dense spherical heads.—July,
August.

Roots, sub-astringent, febrifuge, esculent, yielding a fine
fecula, similar to Salep.—(Rafinesque, Med. Flor. 2d. 270.)

I have known the roots made into a poultice for inflamed
breasts used with success.

Orper LUI—ALISMACE. (Water Plantain Family.)

_ Sp. 158. Sacrrrarra varrasitis. Englm.
Com. name—Arrow-head, Arrow-leaf, Wapata of Oregon.
Esculent, yielding fecula like Arrow root. Roots, refrigerant,
sub-astringent; useful, applied to feet for yaws, and dropsical
legs. Leaves applied to breasts, dispel milk of nurses, like
Ricinus.—(Rafinesque, Med. Flor. 2d. 259.)

Orver LIV.—ORCHIDACE. [ Orchis Family.]
Trips 1—MALAXIDEA).
Sp. 159. ApLectRuM HYEMALE. Nuit.

Com. name—Putty root, Adam and Hve. Scape 1° high;
leaf, large, oval; many, nerved and plicate. Flowers, dingy,
greenish-purple.—May, June.

Yields a very viscid juice when inspissated by boiling,
good cement for glass.

Tre I]—OPHRYDEA.

Sp. 160. Puraranruera orsrcutata. Lindl.
Com. name—Large Round-leaved Orchis. Scape 19—2°
high. Flowers, pedicelled, spreading, greenish-white—July.
Leaves large, soft and fleshy, forming an excellent dressing
for blisters.

1849. | Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 31

Tsrpe II].—ARETHUSEZ.
Sp. 161. ArerHusa BULBOSA, Linn.
Com. name—-Arethusa. Flower 1’—2' long, very handsome.

Bruised bulbs, useful for toothache, and in cataplasms for tu-
mours.[Shepf.] [Rafinesque.]

Tre IV.—NEOTTIA A.
Sp. 172. Goopyrra pusescens. R, Br.
Com. names—-Rattlesnake Plantain, Net Wort, Net Leaf,
Scrofula Weed.
Used by empirics in scrofula, internally in decoction, extern-
ally by cataplasm.—(Rafinesque.)

Trt V.—C¥PRIPEDE.
Sp. 163. CypriPEDIUM PUBESCENS. Willd.

Com. name—Larger Yellow Lady’s Slipper. Stem 2° high;
flower scentless.—May, June.

Sp. 164. C. Seecrasme. Swartz.
Com. name—Showy Lady’s Slipper. Stem 2° high. Stout,
very leafy. Lip 13‘ in diameter; the most beautiful of the
genus.—July.

Sp. 165. Cyprieepium AcauLe. Ait.

Com. names—Stemless Lady’s Slipper, Moccasin Flower,
Nervine. Downy; scape, 8’—12' high; lip, purple, sometimes
pale. 2’ long, veiny—May, June.

Roots, employed by Indians and Steam doctors, under the
name of nervine, as a sedative and anti-spasmodic, in hysteria,
chorea, and kindred diseases. Supposed to act like Valerian.
I have, however, seen it administered frequently, but could
never detect the slighest appreciable effect whatever.

Orver LV.—AMARYLLIDACE. (Amaryjilis Family.)
Sp. 166. Hypoxys erecta. Linn.
Com. name—Star-grass. Scape 4'—6' high, 1—4 flowered,
yellow; leaves, grass like.—July.
Root edible, vulnerary and febrifuge. Used in chronic ulcers
and agues.—(Rafinesque, Med. Flor. Vol. II. p. 230.)

Oaper LVI.—IRIDACE. (Flower De Luce Family.)
Sp. 167. Iris tacustris. Nutt,
Com. names—Dwarf-flag, Dwarf Lake Iris. Plants peren-
nial, 3’—4’ high in blossom, pale-blue.—May.
Cathartic,diuretic and astringent. See J. versicolor for which
it is equivalent.

;
i
es

32 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.

Sp. 168. Srsyrincuium BeRMuDIANUM. Linn.

Com. name—Blue-eyed Grass, Lily Grass, Physic Grass,
Scurvy Grass. Low, slender, perennial; flowers small delicate
blue, changing to purplish 4—6 opening in succession.—June,
August.

Used by Thompsonians as a purgative. Root, yellow; acrid,
decoction purgative.—(Rafinesque, 2d. 264.)

Orver LVI[.—DIOSCOREACE. (Yam Family.)

Sp. 169. Dioscor#a vittosa. Linn.

Com. name—Wild Yam Root. Plant herbaceous, twining,
slender vine; flowers, very small, pale greenish yellow-—July.

‘An infusion of the roots, is unquestionably a valuable
remedy in bilious colic. An ounce of the powdered root is to
be boiled in a pint of water and half of it given at once. It
acts with remarkable promptitude. Ihave been informed that
Dr. Millar, of Neville, Ohio, values the tincture highly, as an
expectorant. He says it is also diaphoretic, and in large doses
emetic.” —(Riddell, Synopsis West. Flor. 91.)

Orper LVUI.—SMILACE A. (Sarsaparilla Family.)
Sus-orper I--SMILACEA. (True Sarsaparilla Family.)
Sp. 170. Smmax eravca. Walt. Syn. Smilax Sarsaparilla. Wild-
Com. names—Glancus Green-brier, American Sarsaparilla.
Shrub, climbing by tendrils sparingly prickly ; branches terete;
flowers greenish.—June.
Sp. 171. S. Pszvpo-cuiva. Linn,
Com. name—Sarsaparilla. Climbing shrub; stems and
branches terete, unarmed ; leaves strongly 5-nerved.—June ?
These, with the S. Rotundifolia and S. Quadrangularis, are
natives of Ohio, and are said to be equal in every respect to
the foreign article of which so much is used, (empirically and
otherwise,) at this time.

Sus-orprr II1—TRILLIACEA. (Trilhum Family.)
Sp. 172. Triurum ERectrum. Linn.

Com. names—Purple Trillium, Birth-root. Low, perennial
herb bearing at the summit a whorl of 3 broadly ovate leaves;
flower terminal, greenish white —May.

Sp. 173, Tr. GRaNDIFLORUM. Salisb.
Com. name—Large White Trillium. Flowers large, white;
changing with age to rose color.—June.
Besides these, we have several other species of the genus.
Rafinesque speaks highly of them, and considers them ‘“as-

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 33

tringent, restringent, pectoral, tonic, anti-septic, alterative,”
&c.—(Med. Flor. 2d. 102.) Lindley says that De Candolle
accounts the roots violently emetic, [Nat. Syst. Bot. 276.] while
Riddell affirms, that Dr. Beach regards them as astringent,
pectoral, tonic, anti-septic and alterative. It is evident that
Beach has borrowed from Rafinesque all he knows of them.
They deserve a proper investigation at our hands.

Orver LIX.—LILIACE. (Lily Family.)
Sus-orper I1—ASPHODELLA. (Asphodel Tribe.)

Sp. 174. Scrrxa escutenta. Ker. Syn. Phalangium Esculentum. Nutt,

Com. names—Eastern Quamash, Wild Hyacinth. Scape,
1°—13° high; leaves, long linear keeled; sepals spreading,
pale-blue, 38-nerved. May.

Onion sweet. Famous as an article of diet among the
western Indians. Rafinesque says it makes a fine bread,
tasting like pumpkin bread. Makes a fine emollient poultice
for inflamed breasts —[Med. Flor. Vol. 2d. 255.]

Sp. 175, Axtrum rricoccum. Ait.

Com. name—Wild Leeks, Ramps. Scape, naked, 9’ high;
leaves in early Spring, decaying before flowering; sepals,
white.—July.

We have two or three other species, which may probably
be used as substitutes for the officinals.

Orver LX.—MELANTHACE. (Colchicum Family.)
Sus-orver I1—UVULARLA. (Bell-wort Family.)
Sp. 176. Uvurarra perrouata. Linn.

Com. name—Smaller Bell-wort. Stems from small peren-
nial, root stalks; flowers pale yellow, nodding lily like—May,
June.

Root, sub-acrid when fresh, with fine mucilage. Decoction
of the plant useful in sore mouth, inflamed larynx and gums.
Said to cure the bites of Rattlesnakes.—_[Rafinesque, Med.
Flor. 2d. 272.]

Svs-orpver I1—MELANTHIE. (True Colchicum Family.)

I have ventured to put down all our western plants of this
Family, as they are according to Lindley, acrid and poisonous
in every species.—{Nat. Syst. Bot. 270.] It is very probable,
also, that the active principle upon which Colchicum depends
for its virtues, resides in some of them. For these reasons I
think they deserve the special attention of our Faculty.

3

34 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.

Sp. 177. Zyeapznus evaucus, Nutt.

Com. name--Smooth Zygadene. Perennial; stems, naked
above, 1° high; leaves, grass like; flowers greenish-white.—
July. Rare.

Sp. 178. Mevanratum vireinicum. Linn.

Com. names—Quafidil, Melanthium. Perennial; stem 3°
—4° high; leaves, grass like; flowers, cream colored, about 2!’
broad.—July.

A sure but violent remedy for itch. [Raf. 2d. 242.]

Sp. 179° VERATRUM viRIDE. Ait. —

Com. names—American Hellebore, Itch-weed, Indian Poke,
Earth-gall, Wolfbane. Stem, stout, very leafy to the top, 2°
—4° high; perianth, yellowish-green.—June.

Root, very poisonous, Gray, (Bot. North. U.S.500.) Acrid,
emetic, powerfully stimulant, followed by sedative effects. —

(Riddell.) (Raf. Med. Flor. 2d. 273.)

Sp. 180. Srenanruium ancustironium. Gray. Syn. Veratrum An-
gustifolium. Pursh.
Com. name—Grass-leaved Veratrum. Wand-like, leafy,
slender stem, 2°—6° high; flowers, small white.—July.

Sp. 181. Cama .irium tureum. Gray. Syn. Veratrum Luteum. Linn.
Helonias Iutea. Ait. Helonias Dioica. Pursh.

Com. names—Devil’s-bit, Blazing Star. Perennial, wand-
like stem; flowers, small, yellowish on a wand-like spike, at
length 6'—10’ long.—June.

Acrid medicinal. An infusion of the root is anthelmintic.
The tincture is tonic. (Riddell, West. Flor. 183.)

Sp. 182. Torerzpra eiutinosa. Willd.

Com. name—False Asphodel. Slender, perennial; stem 1°
high; flowers, greenish-white.—June.

Orper LXJ.—PONTEDERIACE. (Pickerel Weed Family.)
Sp. 183. PonrepertaA corpaTa. Linn.

Com. names—Pickerel Weed, Shovel-leaf, Water Plantain.
Stout herbs, growing in shallow water; scape, 1-leaved, termin-
ated by a spike of violet-blue ephemeral flowers.—May, Sept.

The roots are emollient, restringent and anti-scrofulous;

leaves form an excellent cooling topical application for in-

flammations on the surface. It may be employed in gleets,
leucorrheea, fluxes, and externally for scrofuloes tumors and
sores. (Raf. Med. Flor. 2d. 108.)

_ 1849.) Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 35
Orper LXIIL—COMMELYNACEZ. (Spider Wort Family.)

Sp. 184, Commezyna virernica. Linn.
Com.name—Day-flower. Stems,perennial, upright, smooth;
petals, blue; leaves, 5’—7’ long, 1’—2' wide.—July.
Sp. 185. TRapEscantrA virainica. Linn.
Com. name—Spider’s Wort. Stems, perennial mucilagin-
ous; leaves keeled grass like; flowers in umbelled clusters ;
blue.—May, Aug.

Roots, anti-febrile, emollient, pectoral and anodyne. (Raf.
Med. Flor. 2d. 212.)

Orver LXIN.—XYRIDACEZ. [Yellow-eyed Grass Family.]

Sp. 186. Xyris putposa. Kunth. Syn. X. Indica. Pursh. X. Car-
oliniana. Flor. Lan.

Com. name—Yellow-eyed Grass. Leaves, 13'—8’', the
scape 3’—14’ high. Petals minutely toothed at the summit,
yellow.—July, Sept.

Roots and leaves used against lepra, and diseases of the
skin by Hindus. [Raf. 3d. 276.]

Orper LXIV.—GRAMINE. [Grass Family.]

Sp. 187. Bromus cruratus, Linn. Syn, B. Purgans. Linn.

Com. name—Brome Grass. Perennial culm, 3°—4° high.
Said to be emetic, anthelmintic, &c., but doubted by Griffith,
{Med. Bot. 663.] Rafinesque says it is sudorific, vermifuge,

laxative, diuretic, menagogue, &c., and purges cattle. [Med.—

Flor. 2d. 202.]
Sp. 188. Bromus Motus. Linn.

Com. name—Soft Brome Grass. Biennial, sparingly natu-
ralized.

Pareira, [Elm, Mat. Med. Vol. I. p. 122,] remarks that Lou-
don tells us that the seeds of this plant bring on giddiness in the
human species and quadrupeds, and are fatal to poultry.—
{Griffith, Med. Bot. 662.]

Orper LXV.—EQUISETACEZ. [Horse-tail Family.]
Sp, 189, Eguiserum arvensE, Linn. :

Com. name—Horse-tail. Fertile stems, never branching 8!
—15’ high.—April. i

Astringent, diuretic, &c. Used in hematuria, gonorrhea,
phthisis, &c. [Raf. 2d. 217.]

36 Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. [Nov.
Orver LXVI—FILICES. [Fern Family.]

Sp. 190. Poryroprum incanum. Willd.

Com. names—Polypody, Rock Brake. Fronds, oblong 2'—
5’ high.—July.

Pectoral, demulcent, purgative and vermifuge. Equivalent
of P. Vulgare.

Sp. 191. Preris aquirina. Linneus.

Com.names—-Common Brake, Eagle Fern, Bracken. Frond
ternate at the summit of an erect, stout stalk, 1°—2° high.
Whole frond, 2°—3° wide.

I have frequently used this plant as a substitute for the
German male fern. In one case where the patient believed she
was subject to tape worm; and was troubled at the same time
with a chronic cough, the Pleris acted like a charm in removing
the cough after a great variety of other means had been unayail-
ingly resorted to. I have often since, prescribed it with good re-
sults, where there was no evidence of inflammatory action.
Itis preferable to the foreign Miz Mas, which frequently comes
to usin a much deteriorated state. The subterranean root
stalk, which very much resembles the roots of Sarsaparilla in
appearance, is the part I use.

Sp. 192. AspLentuM FELIX-ramina. R., Br.
Com. names—-Spleen Wort, Female Fern. Fronds 2-pin-
nate, 1°—3° high, smooth.—July.
Sp. 193. A. TsEtypreRomes, Michx.

Com. name—Showy Spleen-wort. Fronds, pinnate; pin-
nz, deeply pinnatifid, 1;°—3° high. A handsome, smooth
fern.—July.

Sp. 194. Dryoprerts ruetyprerts. Gray. Syn. Aspidium. Swartz.
Polypodium Thelypierts. Linn.

Com. name—Winged Wood Fern. Frond, pinnate, pinnati-
fid; stalk 1° or more high. Slightly downy.— Aug.

Sp. 195. D.Novesoracensis. Gray. Syn. Polypedium Noveboracense.
Linn. Aspidum Thelypteroides. Swartz.

Com. name—Northern Wood Fern. Frond, pale-green,
delicate membranous; swamps.—July.

Sp. 196. D. Gonprana. Gray. Syn, Aspidium Goldianum. Hook.

Com. name—Goldie’s Wood Fern. Frond, 2°—8° long;
broadly ovate, pinnately parted; pinnales about 20 pairs.—
A showy fern.—Sept.

1849.] Bigelow on the Medical Botany of Ohio. 37

Sp. 197. Cysroprerts putprrera. Bernh, Syn. Aspidum Bulbiferum.
Swartz, A, Atomarium. Muhl.

Com. name—Bladder Fern. Frond, lanceolate, elongated.
1°—2° long; 2-pinnate; shaded, moist rocks.—July.

The four preceding species have been lately separated from
Aspidum, the genus that yields the male Fern of the shops.
They are equal in every degree I believe to the foreign article
and should be attended ta.

Sp. 198. Osmunpa specrasiuis. Willd.

Com. name—Flowering Fern. Frond 2-pinnate, <°—4°

high; very smooth; swamps, common.—July.
Sp. 199. Q, CrynamMomza. Linn.

Com. name—Cinnamon Fern. Frond, pinnate, clothed
with rusty wool when young, growing in large bunches, the
fertile in the centre, 1°—2° high ; swamps.—May.

Demulcent, sub-astringent, corroborant and discutient.—
Gives a fine mucilage boiled in milk. Useful in diarrhea,
dysentery, cholera infantum, phthisis, &c. [Raf. Med Flor.
2d. 249.|] Lindley, [Nat. Syst. Bot. 311.] mentions that they
have been given in 3 drachm doses for rickets. I believe
them to be useful, and should be more thoroughly and accu-
rately investigated.

Ozper LX VII—LYCOPODIACE. (Club Moss Family.)
Sp. 200. Lycopoprum Ltuctrputum, Michx.

Com. name—Thick stemed Club Moss, Hog-bed, 6'—12’
high; spreading 2 or 3 times forked.—Aug.

Sp. 201. L. Compranarum, Linn.

Com. names-—Common Club Moss, Ground Pine. Stems,
extensively creeping; peduncles bearing 2—4 cylindrical
spikes.— July.

The 2 species are equivalent. Diuretic, menagogue, drastic,
nervine, alternant aperient and corroborant. Used in dropsy,
gout, scurvy, diarrhcea, and suppressions ; externally for tinea
plica, &c., in infants; kills lice, andinsects, &c. [Raf. Med.
Flor. 2d. 240.] If the half of what Rafinesque says of them
be true, some attention should be paid them.

Orpver LXVII—CHARCE. [Chara Family.]

Sp. 202. CHARA VULGARIS.

Com. name—Water Feathers. Aquatic plants, with a fetid
small ; among the most obscure of the vegetable kingdom.

According to Rafinesque, [Med. Flor. 2d. 207.] said to be
anti-spasmodic and vermifuge, &c.

p , ’ ‘
-[eey ee a ee eo eee YY

7]

38 Note. [Nov.

NOTE.

It is earnestly hoped that every Physician who receives this paper,
either through the Onto Mepicat anp Sureica JourNAL, or by means
of an Extra, will consider himself specially invited to furnish to my ad-
dress, at Lancaster, Ohio, new facts or suggestions with regard: Ist.
To the properties of old, or well known articles of the Materia Medica.

2d. Articles, hitherto unknown, or little used ; of practical utility in
the Materia Medica. And |

3d. Any thing new with regard to the Medical Botany of Ohio.

In compiling a report on Materia Medica and Medical Botany, to be
presented to the Onto Srarz Mepicat Society, which meets the first
week of June, 1850, it will be necessary for me to have my materials
by the 1st of April.

It shall be considered a sacred and inviolable duty, to give due credit.
to every individual who furnishes me with information deemed neces-

sary to the Report.
Respectfully,
JOHN M. BIGELOW, M. D.

Lancaster, Ouro, Oct. 20, 1849.

1849.] Index. 39

INDEX.

Page Page.
Agalypha .---.------=-- 28 Brclepias, ...~----2-25s 26
OSS Ta ay re 10 rAciienias) 21... 22.» Sa Q7
Re = 10 epnodiiey 2-6... are 33
Lo LD ee rr Q7 ‘Asphodel Tribe _-~..-+=-% 33
Adam and Eve .-.------- 30 BL a 36-37
5 Srl eae ee ear 10 J. EES ae ee 36
Amaryllidacee ---------- 31 Agplemmgr 28 fo. ae 36
‘Ambrosia: —»)- .s4../2 == 11 INSP SC 2 ae ae 20
Ailigsmacecey 2.5. 2-~- 3 30 IANVeNSy= S82 eo te a ree aa ll 13
po tril 6 i 33
American Cranberry- -- --- 22 Baptisia:... 25-322. 5s 12
American Dodder - - - ----- 26 Balmony,... 4 -4a5e 4 24
American Hellebore --- --- 34 Balm of Gilead Poplar__._ 29
Amserican Ivy -_--..--<-- 11 Barberry Fam. .----..---- 5
American Holly --------- 23 IBassuWi0Od) ===. 2 ee 9
American Pine Sap ------ 22 Bastard Toad Flax ...__--. Q7
American Pellitory ------- 29 Bean Hams 222 e822 42 = 11
American Rose Bay ------ 22 Belly Ache Root _...-.-+ 16
American Sarsaparilla _... 32 Hea Siraw/.....-.J2ees4e2 18 ,
American Valerian _.___--_ 18 Bell Wort;Bam: .2).-=42 5" 33
Maepelopsis ..-...--_....- 11 Bien Wiethe aye o's. se 33
Rh 16 iBerberidacess 2-2) === 2 4= 5
Angelic Root _____.-_.-_- 16 Bignoniaces .........- 44 23
yeplectram -_.......-..-. 30 PRGRON 5 os a 22 - ee 23
Aquiolaces —.....-..-- 23 md: Weed)... 4. 34= 26
|S 5 Birth Root. <2... 348 32
Meeimaenla, _..--- . = 13 gens 8 2. ee 20
Amirrbindes —.....-2--- 23 Bissumiy 823 Se ee 15
cL icgo> pee 30 BladdersBem —25_ 2552 -— 37
Memes _ 22-2 ee 31 Blephvlia, 24322 24
BMEPENING (28s! Le 31 Black Haw, 2: 22. sane 17
imeeemsone _ =... - 7 Black Huckleberry - - - -- -- 21
AOTOWPATUM =—-. 222s. 2S 30 Black Jhocust}....--—-2-eee 12
iurowsblead. .—. s_. 22) 30 Black Mulberry --------- 29
muvows eat ..-...-...."2 30 blacks Walnute == eae = = 28
Arrow Leaved Violet _--_.. 8 Black Sampson ---------- 20
merow Wood —-- 22.4222 7 Blazing Star ...-----.-.- 34
MeMISa . =~. 2 a2hex 20 Blue Lettuee 22. -se4 5 21
Mepernaria 2... sels 2 20 Blue Eyed Grass -_-_-._- 32
/ on, Sr rat 30 Ble Ate ee alg Q7
Asclepiadacee .-.--.---- 26 Blue*Cohosh) = 222.2225 6

Index. [Nov.

40
Page.
Blue Beryen ee -. eee 6
Blue Ginseng es. 22a a= 6
Bracken jon oh ae Me 36
IBrasentagee\. oe ot aes 6
Brome Grass ___..--.-__- 35
IBromulshe: 252 5 Soe n ee 35
Bristly Crowfoot __..----- 5
Bruise) Rootes ssa 6
Broad Leaved Water Pars. 16
Burning Bush! 22222 eeee 11
Buele Weed) 22222 aa ee 25
Buck Berry 2. 22a 2 ae 21
Bones Styptie-__. 22222 5- 19
Bush Honey Suckle -_____ 17
Button Bush 222222 es 18
Batter, Capseen oe. - ee 5
Cabombacez —___.._---.- 6
Calycanthaceze -____-2-= = 14
Jalycanthus 222522322220 14
Sarolina Allspice ---_----_ 14
Yalycanthus Fam. -_-_____ 14
Japparidacecs 22. ssa soe 7
Japer Hamil es see 7
Japritoliacess a. eee oe 16
DASS TA tae: ye etree a 12
Cat Gut oat ou oes tears 12
Canada Burnett_..-....__ 13
Catalpa i S535. eae 23
ata whatgoo oa ae 23
(Ope Ube tehens See 30
(Ob iil Merl abate eee. 5 et 30
Celastracese -.....--_-__22 11
Celastruskss 2 Se eee 11
Celandine .__ =... 222522222 7
Celandine Poppy --------- 6
Cephalanthus| =e =e 18
Celtis! 2 2c27. 2 oseier eee oes 28
Chicken-Pepper= 2.235540 5
- Chocolate Root ~_. 22-222. 13
Chelone.s. 4252 2k 24
Chmaphila..- 22.2. Lee ees 22
Chameelirium ____________ 34
Gharacéeis. 2 2 See 37
Charavtamsc.. . ees 37
@irarame eae oe oo eee on
Cumicejuga 2 => 2 2. SS 5
Cinqueforly C22. Pease Save 13
Cinchones eee ses ene 18

Page
Cinchona Fam. ____---_-- 18
Ginchona,,..- 2 eee 17
Gistacese: .. 25h 222 oe 9
Cinnamon Fern. __.--__-- 37
Clammy Mustard ~.---___ 8
Climbing Bittersweet —_-__- 11
Club Moss... 3. eee 37
Cohosh: 2. 34322. 6
Columbine). == 2250-2 5
Colic Weed 2-22. -. 225 aRe 7
Cockle Burr ____~.-~- Bt ee (63)
@offee __ = 2 17
Common Evening Primrose. 14
Common Club Moss -_____ 37
Common Brake ---__- 28 36
Common Mountain Mint ___ 25
Common Figwort -.-_---- 93
Common American Cran.__ 22
Common Agrimony -_---- 13
Common Locust ~________ 12
Common Clammy Weed___ 8
Common Twin Leaf _____-_ 6
Comarumy 222 13
Composite -... 2 5=ae ee 18
Compound Fam. .__-__-_- 18
Comandra eee Q7
Commelynacee!=3_ 2235 5" 35
Commelyna 322232 e===—a 35
Coreopsis -.. 22 See 20
@ormacese 2-2) eee 17
Cornus: 2. ee 17
Comel.... 1. eee 17
Copits =. 3.3 eee 5
Corydalis... a 7
Crassulaceae 22525 eaaee 15
Cranberry... eee 29
Convolvulaceae _________- 26
Convolyuluss= oe Pree ts 5
Colchicum Fam. ________- 33
@ool Weed -..2. ae 29
Crowfoot Bam. 22 -.aaee 5
Cucurbitaceae __________- 15
Cp. Plant)... 20
C@htre All... aa 13-14
Cnscuta~ 52): Sa 26
@xoss Wirt...) 2 eee wo
@ypripedeae ....2.2eeee 31
Cypripedium ._25- === 31

Cystopteris =...-.s28ees 37

1849.] Index. 41
Page. Page.
Deeeower --..-=- --.__-- 35 Ralseiindico) 225 24 12
Dead Nettle... -..--._--- 26 False Ice Plant _-.------- 15
Eeewe betty... ---—..- 21 False Jacob’s Ladder --- - - 26
Meer hond 22. 5.2 .-- 6 False Lettuce ------------ 21
Devil’s Shoe Strings ------ 12 Welid Buckeye —-__-—____.~ 10
Mamie bit. 2... ---=.-- 34 em Uhams 2 Seen = 36
Deemre = 2 7 lemale Hem) == ae =see 36
SS 7 RihCceS) . 323-2 eee 36
_ AE A exer 'lwir -.--.--s= == 11
Lijrileye se a 17 Fig Wort Fam. ------__-- 23
Dicecious Everlasting _- -- _ - 21 mea Wort.-.----- ee 23
Dioscoreaceae _...._.-._- 32 Five Flowered Gentian ._--- 26
LO USC aa 32 Me Wineer —__..-- <2 13
_ ee eee 25 Five Leaved Ivy ...------- 11
CCT es a ee 26 ire Wee. 625.22 2° oe 20
Dogwood Fam. _--------- 17 Ru stoof. = 22-2. a 92
Downy Yellow Violet --__- 9 Bigid baesy -- 4-6-2 9
Dock Mackie Maple ------ 10 Mat Ropyseee an -— > — 19
Wepopteris: ..-___ -=__-+- 36 Flowering Fern - -.------- 37
Dutchman’s Breeches . - -_- i Flower De Luce Fam. ---- 31
ee St. 31 Wiax Family -."-- 22.22 10
Diwart Wake Tris _..2.2.2- 31 Four Leaved Loose Strife.- 23
Fragrant Eupatorium ---- - 19
Meeee berm =~ 2... 22. 36 Braxinus.= 95) 5-2. ee oF,
ee Gelb. 2. 34 Fringed Gentian --------- 26
Eastern Quamash _______- B3 Fringed Valerian -------- 18
EAE 19 Li 50 ee a a oe 14
I amily ------- 5-5 _- 28 Bape Leak <-> Sasa 6
Per Mrnpeh 2 Le 17 irost: Clants o 0 2 ee 9
Mepepwia —- 2 14 Erpst Weed = - i= 22S 9
. J Se 19 Fumariaceae _.__--_---_-- 7
Breehtnites — “2.2. .=__ 20 Eumitory Pam. —=3—~-— =. 7
[ESS OE GGL: 2 led al a a 21
Peacinesee 3-9 os 99 Galtume 2) 2 oot, 2 ee 18
Egpatormm ----.-.--_.-- 19 GGayhassaeid 32 ee 21
Euphorbiaceae ---_----~--- 28 Gentianaceae _-_=->---_ 22 - 26
GN 93 Gentian Nam.) _- eee ee 26
eer 11 Gontiana (25 ae 26
WneOOL es ste. 13 Geum == 13
Evening Primrose Fam. --. 14 Gipsey Weed) 2 shane 25
Evening Primrose --_-_-_---- 14 Globe Flower -......----- 18
Equisetaceae ____-__~_- aaa Glaucus Greenbriar --- - --- 32
Perens 2 20 Glade Mallow _-_____.--- 9
Gnaphalium __._.....---- 20
Mee Aepeia. — 12 Gent Soden ae re. Mes 12
False Asphodel __--_--_--- 34 GourdtWamn eee oe 5 oe = 15
False Beech Drops ------- 29 Golden:Rod) =. 8 ee 19
False Bittersweet -_--_-__. 11 Golden Corydalis _____-_- 7
False Mustard __._.--_.-- 8 Golden Hedge Hyssop -.-. 24

42 Index. [Nov.
Page. Page.
Goldie’s Wood Fern ______ 36 Horse Chestnut Fam. -_-_-_ 10
Goodyerapeee eee Taare en Huckleberry —-_ 22245222 21
Gratiolapemme a ee ti Ake 24 Hydrangeae ___ .___- ES. 15
Great Rag Weed _________ 20 Hydrangea Fam. _._-..... 165
Great Willow Herb_______ 14 Miydrangea —2_2555 >see 15
Greatsanurel 22-22. 22 Eidrastis | = ie
Great Burr Reed _________ 30 Ed ropeltis) ae 6
Green Violet ____.___.___ 8 Hypopitys uaa oon 22
Green Milk Weed ________ O7 Hyporys Sn 34
Ground Squirrel Pea _____ 6
Ground violly ese 22 ee Plant 22 Sa ee 15-22
Ground Pine ____________ 7, ex 6 Ae 93
Gramineae 2/2 eae et ae 35 Tpecacuanha =~ 2 === eee 17
Grass: Ham, oo iat. yl ee 35 Indian Arrow __.-------- 11
Grass Leaved Veratrum ___ 34 Indian Pipe Fam. -------- 22
Greek Valerian Fam. _____ 26 iudian Pipe {. - 2a 99
Greek Valerian ..________ 26 ltmvabehay 1BXeey bo 23
Indian Turnip Fam. ------ 30
Hackbermy 2-2. 8) SUR ane 31 Indian ‘Poke —. 2 )= aaa 34
Hardeack 20 See 13 itidacess: <2. {= ae 31
Hawk Weed _-__._______ 91 IS ee Sai!
Hairy Horse Mint ________ 24 iron Weed! 2-2 soe 19
Heart?suHlasey se en ee 9 fitch Weed 22.2.2 aa 34
Heart Leaved Aster __-___ 20
Heath Family __-.________ 91 Jiefersonia = 6
Ele pAtl] stabi ia ky) See Hh 93 Juglandacee-222-- 25 5e5- 28
en iBignss 20/0 aoe nn 26 Juglans “2. 232 3eeeee 28
Helmet iPod ae) ae 6
EHelonias ¢x2 5 2) 0) sae 34 Kino Cure’ 222222 ae 22
Heleanthemum __________ 9 Knot Weed Fam. ____---- 27
cleric hen a jamal ie Ame 15
Hibiscusinc eee) eee ee 9 iabiatae 2.2 22"= ane 24
High Miao we)! 26 inane 9 Eachica 22222 So eee oi
Hippocastanaceae Hho a 10. Lady’s Bedstraw -_------- 18
Hiveractumays ci. 2 uh) sae mine 21 ady’s Slipper ==" 2=se=en 31
Hoary deea Y's au eeu 12 Bamium 2222 4s Z 6
Hood Leaved Violet ___... 8 Large Round Leaved Orchis 30
Horm! Poppy te) keine teee 6 Larger Spotted Spurge _.._ 28
House Leek Fam. ________ 15 Ihecontia. 222205 0. =a 30
Honey Suckle Family ____- 16 Tepuminosae __-__2222228 11
Honey Suckle Tribe _____- 16 Teonurus!=2:_ 2-2. 25
Horse Weed ____________ 920 Meontice =". 22) eae 6
Bolly shams 22. <'° ie 23 lbinaceae" 2.2 _2 =e = dO
Holmes Weed ___________ 93 inum; i. ee 10
Horse Mint: 232 8.22 2) 94 Minden\o222 25... 6
Hoary Skull Cap _..__.__- 25 Little Water Lily -_.__.--- 6
Horse Tail Fam. ___._____ 35 hime Tree :.2 2s 9
Forse Baile ute oe 35 Linden Fam. ____.__----- 9
tos: Bed) Wray eek A 37 Little Snow Ball _----.--- 18

1849.] Index. 43
Page Page
Jaon’s Foot- 2+: 22222-22148 21 Monotropae ---.--=---2-2 22
Lizzard’s Tail Fam. --- --- 28 Montotropa ------------- 22
Lizzard’?s Tail-..._..-_--- 28 Moose Wood -.__=---_--- 10
0) Se 33 Mulgedium: ===. -= 2.23. 21
Ee amily = + + -->_-~.--- 33 Mulberry ‘Tribe 22220) ~~ 29
Perass ap 2. YS Be Malberry: .. -<28 Se Yeas 29
Long Spurred Violet -_-- -- 8
Long Leaved Green Milk- Nabalus 92>. -+2-2: eee 21
ad 5 = 27 Nanny Berry: = 2-2:2+s2928 17
eeeeciseeeee=* 2. Le 16 Wapaes. . 22222222. See 9
Woose Strife 24 .:--...-02 23 INeGNGO fo oo eee 16
Loranthaceae __.______-_-- 28 INeck Weed: =). 2 eee 24
Low Bush Willow __------ 29 INGstoROOb: ji oa eee 92
_ 2) BS SS ER a 25 Neothiae 205 o Sees 31
Dysithachia s- ____- 2. 23 INethe Eames tot = Soe 29
Lycopodiaceae __--_------- 37 Net Werth ef 2 2222 31
Lyeopodium- — -...-__- += 37 Met Genk oe Gene. HY 2 31
INGRVine ea ee oe ol
Madder Fam. ._______--_- 17 Nettle ribe eas sae 29
Malvaceae 20... 2 9 Nine Bark 22 5-= see eee 12
hile Wave 2 ee 9 Northern Wood Fern ___-- 36
Bierow-Fam: ... 2.02. _'0- 9 Norway Cinquefoil __~---- 13
Malaxideae- .... oe =. 30
Wale: Bern = 4 37 @iinothert.2s2520-. 42 14
Maple Vamy+ >! 22 10 Ohio Buckeye -_--------- 10
Master of the Woods __-_-_- 18 Ohio Golden Rod ___-__-- Lng
Marsh Cinquefoil _---_---- 13 Ohio Horse Mint --------- 24
Meadow Parsnip ---~---- - 16 Oleaceaess +27 4~ Cees aT
Meadow Rue -__--------- 5 Olive Family:.22 2222-222 27
Meadow Sweet ___-_____- re One Seeded Star Cucumber 195
Mealy Tree ~2222./22 2.22. 17 Onapracese 22. 2202/2228 14
BORGES 5735225. 6 Opn 322 sas 22 6
Melanthaceae___________- 33 Orchidaceae = 2_- ese 30
Melantheas. oo ot toe 33 Orxchiswjes. =n aaa eee 30
Melanthium -. 2-2... 33 Ophrydeae'- --.222-392022 30
Mexican Poppy ---------- 7 OSmundaks 22 1-2) emeeets 37
elope Se MOR 15 Osier Rouge - 2-2. s=:---2 17
Mirtchella- ses. 20 LL 18 Osmorrhizar.+ 222 2sseee2= 16
Beet Pant, -2 52020 less. 24 Oxycoccus)- = 3515252 22
Milk Weed Fam. _________ 26
Mistletoe Fam. _________- 28 Palmate Violet; 222225522 8
Mistletoe =-_ AVP sa. oe 28 Pale Passion Flowers _---- 14
Mulk ‘Purslane _.._....2_2 28 Pale? Violet. ses sue eees bo 8
Moccasin Flower -______.. - 31 Papaveraceae- . 2. /U2_ 2. 6
ene 2 Olean = 20) SM 29 Pappoose Root ---------- 6
GS: | eee BS ee 29 Parsley,Ham. £22205" _22 15
Mother’s Wort -_________ 25 Partridge Berry \-i2/2. 622 18
Mountain Mint ___________ 25 Parictanian soe... See 29
Miiarda == -2-2222222 42 24 Partridee! Pea 229942 12

ee es

44 Index. [Nov.

fo}
Passifloraceae .-__..------ 14
Passilonaieo eee oe eee 14
Passion Flower Fam. _---- 14
Passion Flower ._-------- 14
Panicled Cornel -__-_-_-- 17
Paps Betony, 2-2-5 -<ee 95
Beltandray 22a ieee 30
Renny Hoya = as =a 25
LETT sa nsoecae oon 33
hy sic (Grass\as=s 4 eee 32
ipsessewar aS = Oe eee 22
PipepPlant. Sle es eee 22
Pie aie Toh a cage 29
Pickcre] Weed Fam. ___-_-_- 34
Pickerel Weed ____-____- 34
Platantherassen see ses a 30
PoppyaMame als. 22 8s 6
Rolanisiayeenee se. se eee 8
IPawemiiley ose sekeooe use 13
Pond Dogwoood --------- 18
Podophyllum _.-.-------- 5
Polemoniaceae ___________ 26
Polemonium ____-______- 26
Polygonaceae (2222222 2452 27
Polyconumy 22s. 22 ene Oy
Popuillig ihe Bus Uk SOP cee 8 29
1S) 2 gee ape ITA AR 29
Pontederiaceae ___._____- 34
IRontederia) {2 2232 see 34
Fe Olypodinmyss e! 2 eh ee 36
IRolypody aso...) eae 36
Eby podium See eens 36
Fenickdliy, Atshy Ham, 25s 10
Prickly, Poppy seseece oe. 7
Prame Senna, 222225. 2258 12
Prairie Burdock __________ 19
2 RENant es aa 91
APITNOS nce snelietal shee ahaa 93
Primulaceae _..__-______ 23
Primrose Fam. __________ 93
Paimulaes sae anes 23
Pteleaye ic oe ed ips Tees © 1H |(()
Rae nS te eee ao Sos. 36
RarplePrillium): ! 222220 32
artiypRoot yen 3. vi th is 30
Purslane Speedwell _.___- 24
Fu ple Cone Flower _____- 20
EOS Cwilamae ese bela 11

Purple Veined Willow Herb 14

Page
Pycnanthemum --- __- ee ies
Pygoleae 2. --- 224 2 eee 22
Pymgla 222-2. ees 29
Quandt) 222.25) ae ee 34
Quamash 22-2252 2 eee 33
Queen of the Prairie ____- 13
Ramps 254). 45 eee 33
Ranunculaceae ~_____-__- 5
Ranunculus 222 2222-2 5
RaggRoot . 2225.22 20
Rattle Snake Plantain _____ od
Rattle Snake’s Master ___-- 21
Rattle Snake Root___----- 21
Rattle Snake Weed ____-_- 21
RedgMaple....._ == ae 10
RemRaspberry, === eae 14
Red Osier Cornel ____-__- 17
Reed Mace... .-2=.2scee— 30
Rensselong@ 2-2 2222 eae 30
Rheumatism Root ____--_- 6
Rheumatism Weed _______ 99
Rhinanthideae __________-_ 24
Rhododendron __________-_ 22
Rigid Golden Rod -------- 19
Rich Weed 2535. 5anae oe 99
Robinia ~~... 2-255 12
Rosaceae =.=... 95a aa 12
RoseHamily 22-22-52 aee 12
Rosy Bush\-..----4.35=e5 13
Rock Rose Fam. ____--__- 9
RocksRose ss 9
RockeBrake 4555. 36
Rough Stemmed Aster_.-_ 20
RosimiWeed=as =e 19
Round.) Geant = 525 16
Rough Lady’s Bedstraw--_ 18
Robins: Plantain ae 19
Rubus, 2422022 ee 14
Rubiaceae: 22-22-22 ee 17
RgmMexX 2225 = ee Qo7

Rue Leavea Anemone __-_- 5

SOO NOT-0,) 2 = 6
Sameuisorba:..._._ 4 eae 13
Saxiiragaceae _--_- oan 15
Namuiraga o_o.) Se 15
Naxiirace Ham. <-> _ Seer 15
Saxtirage o.. 25 ees 15

1849.]

Page
Samulcese .2225..2 scl 17
Santalaceae .___.___--.__ Q7
Sandal Wood Fam. _____-_= Q7
manniraceae 22.222. 28
Sih 6 ree a 28
Peeetdatiae 20 =-_- =. 28: 30
mmicacere, = = 0 |S ae 29
bees 2 oe 3 29
Sarsaparilla Fam. ----_--_- 32
Sarsdpemiepeee.—__-_- 32
Scrophulariaceae ---__-___- 23
Scrophularia’ -----.--=_--=- 23
perdphularta 22... 2'.. 52. 23
scatellria ===... 5 See 25
Scammony Fam. --------- 26
Scrophula Weed -_-.---.- 31
Scurvey Grass 202/222. 32
cts ee Seek sak OE 33
Semen e208 eke 15
SiO audi | RO ete 20
Snorubby Althea: -___-. .-- 9
Shrubby Trefoil __~__..~_- 10
Shell Flower <=.) |) 2 42.20. 24
Showy Lady’s Slipper ---_ 31
Shovel leaf $62 222 22. 34
Showy Spleen Wort -____- 36
SU GAs lec ee 9
‘SI or ee 2, ot Ea ie Sa 16
pmpminm, 22° 19-20
bile Weedt <2. 2 202 te 26
pisyrmehivum .—.> $020... 32
Sloe Leaved Viburnum ___ 17
Smooth Buckeye -_______- 10
Smooth Winterberry --~_--- 23
Smooth Milk Weed ______- 26
Smooth Zygadene ___.-___ 34
Smaller Bell Wort ___._-_ 33
Small Elowered Crowfoot__ 5
Smooth Corydalis -______- i
Bunlaceae. ~-=---_ <2). a2) 32
perataxs <2 See fae) rt 12 32
Snow Berry ..-==2.--2. 16
Snap Dragon Tribe --______ 23
Snake Head ..--- ul 24
Saleo 2-22. Peete 8
Bdlidage Litierie yo ee 19
ponchus 22.2 Seyi 21
Soft Brome Grass -_______ 35
Spreading Violet _...____- 8

45

Page.

Spindle Pree ~ >.< 222 eee iy
piacere 226 c>2 > aoe e Miz
Spindle Tree Fam. ~.---.- 11
SUG Cio pees SS SS 17
Spotted Pipsissiwa ------- 292
Spotted Winter Green ---- 22
Spearmint. meeeee oe == 25
Spurge Family -.-------- 28
Spotted Spurge —2 22252 == 28
Sparrantum === _ === 30
Speckled Willow --------- 29
Spider’s Wort Fam. ___--- 35
Spiaers Wort -! "0 = see oe 35
Spleen Wort: -.+-<_2o22ee 36
aaaw Root’ __...- 22225 6
equmrrel Com”) _-= 22225 7
Squaw Huckleberry ------ 21
Star Cucumber 222 -_- 22 15
pieepie: bum cease. ae 13
Stick: Wort 52: 235 a 13
Stink Weed +2 = eee ee 8
Staft-Vimes> 2-5 2s eee 11
Stitlatae <<*+--- Sheen 18
Stenanthinm 2227 ee 34
Star Grassik« an 2 eae 31
Stemless Lady’s Slipper --- 31
Slore Crops £22: oo eee 15
Stinking Prairie Bush _.--_ 10
Sinking: Welt 2 22 Se us 10
Striped Dogwood ___----- _ 10
striped, Maple: == 2+ 2° 2252 10
Stylophoram: === ===2:-72% 6
Sullivantiaye o.oo] eee ee 15
Sugar Berry) £-=2= 27 72" 28
Swamp Rose Mallow ------ 9
Swamp Dogwood --_-__--- 10
Swamp Maple -..-!° 2-32 10
Swamp Saxfrage ________- 15
Swatap- Wood -=..- aa 18
Swamp Deck =~ <-s4 OT
Sweet White Violet __.____ 8
Sweet Scetend Shrub _____ 14
Sweet-Cleelp meu es 16
Sweet Viburnum _________ 17
Sweet Root- =. 22 ols 26
Syeiog- ep See So BS 15
Symphoricarpus __-__-___- 16

Tall White False Indigo _.. 12

46 . Index. [Nov.
Page. Page
PR areal Aes es eae Lh 30 Veratrum 222-2 ——22 eee 34
Mephrosia@ts 2. =. .2e 12 Veratrum... =-----eeeeeee 34
Mecomanee yess = 8 see 23 Veiny Hawk Weed -___--- 21
Mhalretrurmu ee =] ee 5 Wernonia) 225-222 ee ae 19
Throat Root ___--_--- SS Niolacede)2 22s e ee 8
Three Leaved Stone Crop-- 15 Wiola _.-------=- ee 8
(iihvasouiaa eee eee 16 Woolet Family =22222==e= 8
Thick Stemmed Club Moss_ 37 Wiolet JJ. 3 oo 8
Three Seeded Mercury _.-- 28 Wiburnum 2 32eee eee 17
WMiliaceae, 2 22 oe eee ee 9 Wine Family === 11
Te 7 ge 9 Virginian Creeper ~-~_--_- 11
Tily of the Indians == ----- 17 Virginian Bistort --------- Q7
Tick Seed Sunflower -- ---- 20 Wirginian Thyme! {2S 25
Toad Plax. 22. ase S Meee ices Q7 Nitaceaé 22250... 22 11
Rofieldia; ase = eee 34 SVISCUM _.. ee oe 28
True Heath Fam. __--_---~- 92
True Madder Fam. _------ 18 Walnut Family === 28
True Sarsaparilla _------- 32 Wampee. —.._ 4a 30
True Colchicum Fam. ---. 33 Wiapata ____.. =e 30
Prilliacenes eye eee 32 Water Shield Fam. -_____- 6
“{Mailbivia Japyeig 222 ee 32 Water Shield __-_-_-__-___- 6
ler Aw ea a ea 32 Water Jelly. 2222s eee 6
Tradescantia _-....._____- 35 Water Feathers __-_-______ 37
Trumpet Flower Fam. ---.- 23 Water Parsnip) === see 16
Crumpet) lowers sae 23 Water Hoarhound ________ 25
rompers Creeper me a= 23; Water Plantain Fam. __-_- 30
Ars Ieleacl |Beev ee Q4 Water Plantain ______-__- 84
Mui key:, Eee aie as al 12 Wand Spiked Persicaria _-._ 27
Turpentine Flower -.---_- 20 Western Early Avens —__-- 13
PB with Oat its Baye im a 6 WihitevAtiens!= 2a 13
My PAceae saan Maine nee a 30 White) Root =- --s.555aaae 16
UA OLN aN ee Pe aR YS, 30 Wihite? 132) 18
White Snake Root ___.__-- 19
Wilhtavesne see 28 White Lettuce £- __--2_ 2222 Q1
Umbbellifirae ____________ 15 White Pipsissewa -------- 99
Upland Bone Set _--_-__- 19 Wihite vA\shi ge Q7
lWizticaceaey. ae ee 29 Wihite: trill ame 32
Wintrcaes 235102 Aone ieee pie 29 WihiteyVWoodie ss ae 9
Wytlbitiag ooo bk oe 33 Whortleberry Fam. --.---- 21
Wivailariay 3°50 ae geiee ees 33 Wing Seed... __._- =a 10
Winged Wood Fern __._-- 36
Waenene foto oo 21 Wild Columbine ____-____ 5
Wagotntis goa 91 IWVitl diniasx:: <3 2 10
WVWacciniiim)) {a ae 91 Wil dSenmnay 222 aaa 12
Wallentamaceae 2! _ 255 42 = 18 Wild Strawberry --------- 14
Valerian Fam. ______ sey RLS 18 Wild Red Raspberry ----- 14
Wialeriemar ere ieee 18 Wald Bryony 2.2. 15
Waleriange. senee. to 18 Wild Hydrangea __.----- 15
a VCKONICR sa Mea ot ued oh 24 Wild Liquorice £222 5eueee 18

1849.] Index. 47
Page Page
EIN). - 2255 21 RS Soe ao 35
Midnbasii. = c=. Ls 25
Md Mulberry —2.......- 29 Yam: Warniigy = 22... 2 tee 32
Meudaryacmth _.......<. 33 Yellow Buckeye: =.= ..:0- 10
Wiaemecks —.-__.-_-_-..- 33 Yellow Eyed Grass Fam. -_ 35
Waceramn Root _..-..--- 32 Yellow Eyed Grass --_---- 35
Willow lLeaved Meadow Yellow Ginsenge eae -— 6
GG soe 12 Yellow Heoim@@en. .2-22-. 6
Millow Herb _....._..28 14 Yellow Rattle Tribe ______ 24
Willow Family _----~---- 29 Yellow Lady’s Slipper __.. 31
Winter Green Fam. _____. 22 Yellow Mistletoe _..._____ 28
iviolt Bane: 22-2. = 2s 34
Worm) Weed. - 2. 2 8 8 Zanthoxyllaceae ________- 10
Byeagenus |. _ =. sbsaee 34
Pyaiinecso = 2)... 2c 35 Wyeauene o. 2-212 ee 34

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