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MEMOIRS
OF THE
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
NUMBER 20

A REVISION OF THE MEXICAN
AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER
WASPS OF THE SUBFAMILY
POMPILINAE

(HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE)

BY

HOWARD E. EVANS

% SS
Q wD ste ZS
ys “ AS
iy 7 KS
@ 6 >

A

“ny
TETAS

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

PHILADELPHIA

1966

HAROLD J. GRANT, JR.
EDITOR

(Issued March 15, 1966)

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

IUSTROYG TITEL OIC) SscocceBsocscscosonsadcedcrccnooddédoon ch soeaac sone rca Doce aeac cae ncaa SeceCe ees eecRCeeateer eee
Composition of the Mexican and Central American Pompiline Fauna ...... 6
Sy Stemiaticm lire atime temesareneecee ence eeee sere etesecereree ce eecetee cet ceccecucas cus ceesunmaiaenees 20
INGAY? 18S). (GREET), Goccpancadesounadnesscocetaoceenee sete saSSeSDacS eRe CCC REE SSeRCR OE SPER 20
GenuswEpiporpilUsmRConll perscccerecereceneseessscescccecstessssssese ss D7]
Genus Notoplaniceps Bradley ...............:::::sesceccseeeeeeeeeees 34
GenusvAlporisiS pin laisse certeecesseassseeecsccecnesaceaseoksensees 337/
Subgenus Neoplaniceps Bradley ................s0000000008 39
Subgenus A porus Spinola .....c.....ccccccceeesssscceeeeeeees 43
Subgenus Plectraporus Bradley .................000000000008 62
GenuisnGhelaportusmBTradley, eererccccrcccneectorereca secu eseseseesecessan cesses 63
GemusPAl ap ons AB annkSy ce. ces od: cssies cc ose saccnercnsveesesceccce sess coxcoess stasis 66
GOMUS /BHIDITATCODS SIEVE. scocqaqcoesccadocaesansdosodecodsagssonqdoa0asasseoaces06e 80
GenuspPsorthaspis Banksy cece cecereree cece reer eeee eee eee eneteneeeeee 83
GenusnG@halcocharesmBanks: secsceseestesteeresscotecsseteaiceresseeeeeeeessoe 119
Genuspovaceresmbepeletionmsnccnecctsesceteeeecereeceeereerenen teeta: 122
GenusPlastiotenta@E Vans mcccen encore teeter eee cere eneesntoeerececee 137
Genus Agenioideus Ashmead .................cccsscsocsseneeeeeetseeeeeeeeererss 139
Subgenus Ridestus Banks ................... Seasaaueeeaaneeeeeees 141
Subgenus Agenioideus Ashmead ..................0.000000 144
Subgenus Gymmnochares Banks ...............ccccceceeeeeees 146
Genus PitochilussBanks| ies sestecctecceceseses seas sosctoneecaiecsneuesesseewenee 147
(GenuseBalboandmB ainkspercsc eee eee ee eee eeee seas 173
GenisPAlplochares MBAs eee rsesesee reer sere ee oneee oe aecheceenseeorecconeee se 183
Genus Sericopompilus Howat ............cccsseseeeenenneceeceeeees 185
Genus Episyron SCHIiGdte ........:..c.0ccccccecceeceeceeeeeeeoncecesesees 190
Genus Austrochares Banks .........cccccceceeeeeeseesrereceeeeeeeeees 200
Genus Poecilopompilus Howat. ............ccccccccccseceenersseeee 203
Genus Tachypompilus Ashmead ...............:.2:cceeeeeeeeeeeeees 226
GenuswAiop lis MD wtOU ese ceteecce ree eeceer tent eeseeeeee ec eeeeeees 24]
Subgenus Lophopompilus Radoszkowski .............. 243
Subgenus Notiochares Banks ..............c.cccceeeeeeeeeeeees 247
Subgenus Anopliodes Banks .............:cccceeseeeeeeeeeee 262
Subgenus Arachnophroctonus Howard ................-- 269

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Subgenus Pompilinus Ashmead .....................00000000 301
Subgenus Cameronoplius new subgenus ................ 325
Subgenus Anoplius Dufour ................cccccceeeeeeeeeeeee 328
Genus Pompilus Fabricius .............0.ccccccssseeseecesceeeeseeeeeees 356
Subgenus Hesperopompilus Evans ................0000008 358
Subgenus Xenopompilus Evans ............ccccccccce00000 370
Subgenus Perissopompilus Evans ...................00000 374
Subgenus Xerochares EVANS .........cccccccssccccceeeseceeees 377
Subgenus Ammosphex WIICKE ..........::ccccccseceeeeees 379
Subgenus Arachnospila Kincaid ..............ccccc00ec0eeee 397
Genus Aporinellus Banks ............::::ccccccceccecceessesseceeceeess 402
Genus Allochares Banks) eercssessse eee 421
Genus Paracyphononyx GribodO ..............ccccceeeeeeseneeeees 424
sctacevaatae eve svat baaedalvennesnedcdseeesibadduecsesdeste sve cuserctece ceo nssceeas cs eete ee a aaeane 434

ere Pe PRO Se EEE TE > @eetre BN
establish date of issue.
Please sianip date of receipt

and place in your Library,

MEMOIRS

OF THE
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
: NUMBER 20

A REVISION OF THE MEXICAN
AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER
WASPS OF THE SUBFAMILY

| POMPILINAE
(HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE)

BY

HOWARD E. EVANS

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
PHILADELPHIA

1966

MEMOIRS
OF THE
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
NUMBER 20

A REVISION OF THE MEXICAN
AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER
WASPS OF THE SUBFAMILY POMPILINAE
(HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE)'

By Howarp E. Evans

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

INTRODUCTION

One of the more frustrating aspects of taxonomic studies is that
they must usually, for practical reasons, concern themselves with
one particular geographic area. Sound world revisions represent
the ultimate in taxonomy, but even the most idealistic of taxono-
mists is sooner or later discouraged by the impossibility of obtaining
enough material from certain areas, the difficulty of locating and
studying all the necessary types, and so forth. This of course does
not justify all the provincialism in taxonomy that actually exists:
there is far too much of it. It does, I hope, justify a revision such
as this one, an attempt to fill in more clearly a small part of a very
large picture.

One result of the regional approach to taxonomy is that species,
and even genera, may be called by different names in different parts

1A major part of the cost of publication of this paper was defrayed by a pub-
lication grant from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, which also
supported my research in Mexico in 1959. Additional publication funds were pro-
vided by the William Morton Wheeler fund of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

2) MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

of their range. This is so common in insects that most working tax-
onomists can think of dozens of examples only recently corrected or
still uncorrected. It goes without saying that this situation is hardly
conducive to worthwhile considerations of evolution or zoogeography,
to say nothing of its practical disadvantages.

The Pompilidae of America north of Mexico have recently re-
ceived a fairly thorough revision (Townes, Hurd, Bradley, and Evans
have each done a portion of the family). This does not mean that
no problems remain; but at least one can safely say that the Nearctic
fauna of this family is better known than that of any other region.
However, these workers have either omitted the fauna of Mexico and
Central America or included only a smattering of records — though
all would admit this was more of necessity than of desire. Less than
half of the genera and subgenera of spider wasps of North America
are Holarctic in their distribution patterns; the remainder are either
intrusions from South America or are centered in the Sonoran sub-
region, largely in Mexico. Hence it is impossible to arrive at a sound
understanding of the Nearctic fauna until we have a more complete
knowledge of the Mexican and Central American species.

Mexico and Central America are poorly collected as compared,
for example, to the eastern United States. Nevertheless enough ma-
terial has accumulated in museums in the last decade or two to make
such a project possible. With the aid of a grant from the Permanent
Science Fund of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. I have
been able to study the material described in the Biologia Centrali-
Americana, including ihe many types of Peter Cameron and of Fred-
eric Smith. A trip to Mexico in the summer of 1951 was supported
by the American Philosophical Society, another in the spring and
summer of 1959 by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Founda-
tion. A short trip to Mexico in the summer of 1962 and one to
Costa Rica in February 1964 were supported by the National Science
Foundation in connection with other research projects. I have stud-
ied the material collected by the 1947 David Rockefeller Expedition
of the American Museum of Natural History and by various expedi-
tions to Mexico sponsored by the University of California and the
University of Kansas. H. A. Scullen of Oregon State University, and
R. R. Dreisbach, of Midland, Michigan, have provided me with valu-

HOWARD E. EVANS 3

able material which they collected in Mexico. Material collected by
Carl W. Rettenmeyer on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, and now
at the University of Kansas, and material collected by Kenneth W.
Cooper in Costa Rica, now at the U. S. National Museum, has proved
especially valuable. I have tried to include in this study all avail-
able material in museums in the United States and in Mexico. The
following is a list of these institutions and the abbreviations by which
they are designated in the text.

ANSP: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
AMNH: American Museum of Natural History, New York
BMNH: British Museum (Natural History), London

CAS: California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco

CIS: California Insect Survey, Berkeley

CM: Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh

CNC: Canadian National Collections, Ottawa

CU: Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

ENAC: Escuela Nacional de Agricultura, Chapingo, Mexico
KSU: Kansas State University, Manhattan

KU: Kansas University, Lawrence

LACM: Los Angeles County Museum

MCZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
MSU: Michigan State University, East Lansing

OSU: Oregon State University, Corvallis

UA: University of Arizona, Tucson

UCD: University of California, Davis

USNM: United States National Museum, Washington

Since a large proportion of the material collected in Mexico and
Central America in recent years has been taken by a relatively small
number of collectors, I have found it convenient to abbreviate the
names of some of them. The following is a list of abbreviations em-
ployed, arranged alphabetically according to the first letter of the
abbreviation.

AEM: A. E. Michelbacher CM: C. MacNeil

AM: Arnold Menke CWR: C. W. Rettenmeyer
CEP! Cu@e Porter CY: Carl Yoshimoto
CDM: C. D. Michener EG: E. Gilbert

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOc., 20

4 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

EIS: E. I. Schlinger JWM: J. W. MacSwain
ESR: E. S. Ross KWC: K. W. Cooper
FDP: F. D. Parker LS: Lionel Stange
FPM: Francisco Pacheco M. MC: Mont Cazier
FXW: F. X. Williams NB: Nathan Banks
GCC: G. C. Champion PDH: P. D. Hurd, Jr.
GEB: G. E. Bohart RCB: R. C. Bechtel
HBL: H. B. Leech RES: R. F. Smith
HEE: H. E. Evans RHP: R. H. Painter
HHS: H. H. Smith RRD: R. R. Dreisbach
JB: Joseph Bequaert WG: Willis Gertsch

JP: Jerry Powell

The terminology here employed is that established by myself and
by Bradley in our revisionary studies. For the sake of brevity, the
following standard abbreviations have been used.

HE: height of eye (maximum, lateral view)

LID: lower interocular distance (minimum distance between
eyes near their bottoms)

MID: middle interocular distance (distance between eyes near
the middle, at the greatest emargination of the inner orbits)

OOL: ocello-ocular line (distance from a lateral ocellus to near-
est eye margin)

POL: postocellar line (distance between posterior ocelli, not in-
cluding the ocelli themselves )

S: sternite of the abdomen (i.e., the gaster or metasoma)

SGP: subgenital plate of male (1.e., apical sternite)

SMC: submarginal cell of fore wing

T: tergite of abdomen (i.e., the gaster or metasoma)

TFD: transfacial distance (greatest width of head in anterior
view )

UID: upper interocular distance (minimum distance between
eyes at their tops)

VED: vertical facial distance (medial height of head in full
frontal view, exclusive of labrum and other mouthparts)

Keys and descriptions are provided for all species of Pompilinae
known to occur in Mexico and Central America, and for occasional

HOWARD E. EVANS 5

species occurring in neighboring areas. Two types of descriptions
are employed: (1) a relatively detailed description of the type, in
cases of new species or those which have been poorly known or mis-
understood; or (2) a brief description of the more diagnostic features,
in the case of species recently covered by Bradley or myself in greater
detail. Descriptions of the second type are not usually accompanied
by illustrations, but references are given to published figures. Sig-
nificant variation in color and structure is summarized following the
distributional data for each species.

The matter of when to employ subspecific names is a difficult
one in this group as in many other groups of wasps. In the past
there was a tendency to describe any striking variant as a “variety”,
but since the International Rules of Nomenclature recognize only one
infraspecific taxon, the subspecies, most of these varieties have been
either ranked as subspecies or discarded. Most of those which have
been preserved are based on only one or two characters, usually in-
volving color of the integument or of the pubescence. The retention
of some of these subspecific names can be defended on the basis of
utility and tradition even though they are decidedly “weak” sub-
species zoologically. My criterion for recognizing or not recognizing
a given subspecies is therefore a simple and largely non-zoological
one: if a name is well established for a population which differs in
at least one striking character present in one sex from a neighboring
population, I recognize the subspecific name. ‘The existence of in-
tergrades in a zone of overlap can be taken to support subspecific
status for two allopatric forms, but I know of at least two instances
in the Pompilidae where forms which are sufficiently different to
justify specific status are known to hybridize where their largely sep-
arate ranges overlap (Pepsis elegans and cerberus, Psorthaspis portiae
and formosa).

The important task is to define the species and those strongly
differentiated subspecies which seem of nearly specific status (and
which may, as a matter of fact, represent closely related allopatric
species). How one wishes to describe the variation within these dis-
tinctive populations will depend partly on individual preference, partly
on how important this variation is from the point of view of identi-
fication and from the point of view of understanding speciation,

MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 20

6 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

adaptation, and distribution in that complex. Studies on more sophis-
ticated levels should surely attempt to analyze all evident variation
and to plot it geographically. However, because of the broad scope
of the present studies and because many of the species are new or
poorly understood, my discussions of variation have mostly been brief
and relatively superficial. I have described no new subspecies ex-
cept where they could be clearly defined in both sexes and where
they seemed not far removed from specific status.

COMPOSITION OF THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN
POMPILINE FAUNA

The limits of the present study are clearly arbitrary, for no ani-
mals other than man respect the Mexico-U.S. border or the Panama-
Colombian border. The reader will find, however, that my studies
have splashed over these political boundaries considerably, in fact
nearly as freely as the wasps themselves have violated them. Of and
by itself, the wasp fauna of Mexico and Central America is of rather
minor interest, there being but few endemics restricted to this area.
But as an avenue of dispersal between North and South America and
into the West Indies, this area is of very great interest.

Central America is geographically part of North America, and
North America is barely separated from Eurasia at the Bering Strait,
which is known to have been above water much of the Tertiary. The
Nearctic and Palearctic faunas have so much in common that they
are often grouped together to form the Holarctic zoogeographic re-
gion. This in turn is separated from the Old World tropics prin-
cipally by climate, such that the Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian
have had close interrelationships in the past. These three regions
may collectively be referred to as the realm Megagea (Darlington,
1957, Zoogeography, p. 424). On the other hand, South America
(also Australia) is a barrier-limited region; that is, it was separated
from Megagea by a water gap for so long a period that it developed
an unusually distinctive fauna. The Neotropical region is properly
regarded as a separate realm, Neogea, even though there is not pres-
ently a water gap separating South and Central America. The pat-
terns of distribution resulting from the flowing together of portions
of the very different Neotropical and Nearctic faunas are complex,

HOWARD E. EVANS 7

and different groups of animals often present quite different pictures
depending in part on their dispersal powers. Since flying insects
were undoubtedly able to cross the barrier from time to time during
the Tertiary, the separation of the two faunas was by no means as
complete as in other groups (e.g., fresh water fishes) and the flow-
ing together of the two faunas was by no means entirely restricted
to the period following the elevation of the connection between Pan-
ama and Colombia.

Neogeic faunal elements. — Of the 39 genera or subgenera of
Pompilinae occurring in Central America and Mexico, ten also occur
widely in South America but are not represented in Megagea (except
by those few species occurring in southern North America). These
genera are presumed to have differentiated in South America and to
have invaded North America relatively recently. One of these genera,
Epipompilus, occurs also in Notogea (Australia and New Zealand),
but the South American members of this genus appear to have evolved
separately from the others for a considerable time. In the following
list, the genera and subgenera are arranged according to the distance
they have spread from South America (see also Map 1); following
each generic name the number of species occurring in Central
America or Mexico is indicated (all have additional species in South
America).

Euplaniceps — 1 Epipompilus — 4
Notoplaniceps — 1 Balboana — 5

A plochares — | Anopliodes — 4
Austrochares — | Notiochares — 2
Priochilus — 10 Poecilopompilus — 5

The first seven of thes2 groups are highly distinctive genera
which have not advanced beyond the more strictly tropical parts of
Central America, and one supposes that these have been recent im-
migrants, probably after the re-establishment of the land bridge in
the Pliocene. For the most part, these genera are represented in
Central America by species also occurring in South America. There
are, however, a few exceptions; Epipompilus aztecus, Balboana nay-
aritana, and Austrochares mexicanus, for example, are known only
from southern Mexico. well north of their nearest relatives. These
may have moved north at an earlier date, although they are not
strongly differentiated from their nearest relatives.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

8 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

POECILOPOMPILUS
a! Netty co
\ (
I

ANOPLIODES

BALEOANA vod

EPIPOMPILUS ~

SS
PRIOCHILUS

APLOCHARES

Map | NOTOPLANICEPS Ss er
F AA GaN

Northern limits of Ss A See vs
Sa >

ranges of Neogeic EUPLANICEPS e
genera i eee
A? cant

The last three genera on this list all occur well north of the limits
of the tropics, one of them even entering southern Canada. Two of
these groups are subgenera of Anoplius (Anopliodes and Notio-
chares), not very strongly differentiated from the large and very
widespread subgenus Arachnophroctonus, which is Megageic although
generally warm-adapted. The third group, Poecilopompilus, is of
generic status, but closely related to the widely distributed Old World
genus Batozonellus. It is difficult to be sure when and where these
three groups differentiated except that it was probably somewhere in
tropical (probably South) America and may have involved a shorter
period of isolation and earlier invasion of North America than was
involved with the previous seven genera.

Altogether these ten genera have only 34 species in Central
America and Mexico (with no additional species, but some sub-
species, in the United States). Thus they make up only 24% of
the total fauna. But in the more strictly tropical areas, of course,
they make up a high percentage of the fauna; in fact, virtually all
of the Pompilinae occurring in Central American lowland forests
belong to this element.

HOWARD E. EVANS 9

Megageic faunal elements. — In contrast to these groups, there
are 15 genera or subgenera occurring in Mexico and Central America
which occur widely in the United States and also range throughout
major parts of the Old World. These wasps range southward espe-
cially along the mountain ranges, and samplings taken, for example,
above 8000 feet in the central volcanic belt of Mexico consist mostly
or entirely of these Megageic elements. Many of the species occur-
ring in Mexico and Central America are the same as those occurring
in the United States, but there is a small amount of endemism on the
specific and subspecific levels in Mexico. For example, the sub-
genus Ammosphex, well represented in Eurasia, has eleven species
in America north of Mexico, five of them entering Mexico; in cen-
tral Mexico there are two additional species as well as three sub-
species of species occurring in the United States. Apparently popu-
lations have been isolated for varying lengths of time in the Mexican
highlands because of the partial discontinuity of the mountains and
increasing aridity in northern Mexico. Altogether, in the 71 species
belonging to these 15 genera, there are only 13 species not occurring
also in the United States. It is worth noting that one form entering
the mountains of northern Mexico is only subspecifically distinct
from a Eurasian species [Pompilus (Arachnospila) fumipennis eureka
Banks].

In the following listing of genera and subgenera of Megageic af-
finities, arrangement is roughly according to the distance each has
penetrated the neotropics (with some reservations noted below); as
before, the number of species occurring in Mexico and Central
America is indicated for each.

Ridestus — 2 Evagetes — 5
Arachnospila — 3 Episyron — 4
Ammosphex — 7 Anoplius — 7
Lophopompilus — 2 Aporinellus — 6
Pompilinus — 11 Arachnophroctonus — 11
A genioideus — 1 Tachypompilus — 3
Aporus — 4 Paracyphononyx — 3

Gymnochares — 1

The first six of these groups have moved only part of the dis-
tance to Panama, the seventh (Aporus s. str.) only to Colombia

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

10 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

AMMOSPHEX a
ARACHNOSPILA

LOPHOPOMPILUS

RIDESTUS

POMPiLINUS

Map 2

Southern limits of AGENIOIDEUS
ranges of seven
Megageic genera AGORUS

(Map 2). It should be noted, however, that Arachnospila and Pom-
pilinus are reputed to have species deep in South America (Banks,
1947) and it appears to me that certain Chilean species may be as-
signable to Ammosphex. Just how closely these forms are related
to the North American species with which they are presumed to be
consubgeneric remains to be determined. In any event, one can
safely say in each case the South American species are rather dis-
tinctive and apparently specialized. Possibly one or two species in
each of these groups “made the jump” into South America before
the establishment of a land connection and underwent some evolution
there.

The next five genera or subgenera on the list are each represented
by one or a few species in South America, generally but not ex-
clusively in the more temperate parts. The South American species
are, for the most part, closely related to or even the same as species
occurring in Central America, suggesting that the entry of these
groups into South America may be fairly recent. ‘These five genera

HOWARD E. EVANS 11

and the preceding seven (Ridestus to Aporinellus in the list) con-
tain relatively few species which can be regarded as fully “tropical”
in their adaptations; for example, I know of no records from the
Amazon basin for any of the species.

The last three genera listed form a rather special group. Ill
three contain quite a number of South American species, many of
them decidedly adapted for hot and humid conditions. The Ameri-
can Tachypompilus all have a rather similar facies, somewhat differ-
ent from that of the species of the Old World tropics. One species,
mendozae, occurs widely in South America and barely enters Panama,
while two others range into the United States chiefly at low altitudes.
In the case of Paracyphononyx (a genus especially well represented
in Africa), two of the three Central American species are of pre-
dominantly South American distribution. It appears that these two
genera, along with the subgenus Arachnophroctonus of the genus
Anoplius, have undergone a radiation in South America, and many
if not all of the North American elements of these groups may actu-
ally have had a South American, or at least a tropical American,
origin. Thus the history of these groups may not be very different
from that of, for example, Poecilopompilus and Notiochares, listed
earlier as Neogeic elements although actually only slightly more dif-
ferentiated from their Old World relatives. All of these five genera
or subgenera, and probably others, may have passed back and forth
between North and South America and the islands between at various
times during the Tertiary. These groups are similar to the “Pan-
American” element in the bird fauna, members of which “crossed
the Tertiary water gap in both directions so freely that they are diffi-
cult to assign faunally” (Mayr, 1964, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 51:
286).

The Megageic elements outlined above make up 50% of the
pompiline fauna of Mexico and Central America on the species
level, 38% on the level of genera and subgenera. The Neogeic and
Megageic elements together, which might be characterized as “widely
distributed” Pompilinae with representatives in Mexico and Central
America, make up 74% of the fauna on the species level, 64% on
the generic and subgeneric level. It is the remaining 26% of the
fauna, made up of genera of limited distribution, that is of most
particular interest.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

12 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Sonoran faunal elements. — Since the majority of the genera
which are endemic to southern North America seem to have their
distributional centers in the arid regions of northern Mexico and ex-
treme southwestern United States, they may be designated as “So-
noran elements” with reference to the Sonoran desert and to the
Sonoran fauna as defined by Merriam. As in most other Hymen-
optera and many other insects, the members of this fauna are for the
most part adapted for arid, warm (but not necessarily frost-free)
conditions. These wasps may represent the vestiges of stocks which
inhabited North America long ago (early Tertiary) and have been
able to survive competition with more successful Megageic immi-
grants by becoming adapted to the deserts and semideserts of south-
western North America. Not all representatives of this fauna are
deserticolous; a few are somewhat montane (though more particu-
larly to be found in dry canyons and mesas), and a few enter humid
areas (e.g., some Sericopompilus and Psorthaspis). Presumably this
fauna is pretty much the same as the “Old tropical American” fauna
of some authors. Its major characteristic is the fact that none of the
genera have close relatives either in the Old World or in South
America. Among themselves, the genera belonging here are rela-
tively diverse, some apparently tying in with the Megageic genus
Aporus (Neoplaniceps, Plectraporus, Chelaporus, Allaporus), others
with Pompilus (Hesperopompilus, Xenopompilus, Perissopompilus,
Xerochares), some of the others being very isolated (Tastiotenia,
Chalcochares, Allochares).

Another unusual feature is the large number of monotypic genera
or subgenera belonging to this faunal element (six out of 14, with
three others having only two species). In the following listing, I
have indicated the number of species in each genus known to occur
in Mexico and Central America, followed by the total number of
known species (in parentheses). The listing is in approximate order
of size of total known range, from smallest to largest.

Cameronoplius — 1 (1) Neoplaniceps — 1 (6)
Tastiotenia — 1 (1) Xerochares — 1 (1)
Xenopompilus — 2 (2) Chalcochares — 2 (2)
Chelaporus — 1 (1) Perissopompilus — 2 (2)

Plectraporus — 1 (1) Hesperopompilus — 4 (7)

HOWARD E. EVANS 13

Allochares — 1 (1) Sericopompilus — 2 (3)
Allaporus — 6 (8) Psorthaspis — 13 (28)

Two genera, Neoplaniceps and Psorthaspis, have undergone radia-
tion in the West Indies, the latter also in southeastern United States.
Psorthaspis colombiae Bradley, described from mountains of Co-
lombia, is the only species of any of these 14 genera or subgenera
which enters South America. Hesperopompilus has undergone some
radiation in western United States, but it is probable that most or all
of the species of this group (also Allaporus and Sericopompilus) will
be found to occur in northern Mexico, leaving Neoplaniceps and
Psorthaspis as the only two genera to have undergone any important
radiation outside of Mexico and adjacent parts of southwestern United
States.

That most of these groups have, in fact, either evolved or been
long isolated in the deserts of northern Mexico can be easily visu-
alized when their ranges are plotted (Maps 3-6). The ranges re-
semble so many concentric ripples resulting from stones dropped in
northwestern Mexico, the shapes of the ripples being much altered,
of course, by climate and physical barriers. Two groups are excep-
tional in this regard, Cameronoplius being centered in Guerrero and
Morelos, Neoplaniceps in Central America and the West Indies.

Considering the unsettled classification of the Pompilidae and
the inadequate and largely unstudied fossil record, it would be mere
guesswork to postulate the origin of these endemic groups. The
several subgenera of Aporus and of Pompilus may represent very
early invasions of their respective stocks from Eurasia, to be followed
by later invasions of these same stocks. For example, I suspect that
Neoplaniceps may present such an early stock of Aporus which was
later largely replaced by Aporus s. str. Hesperopompilus, Xeno-
pompilus, and Perissopompilus may represent one or more early in-
vasions of a Pompilus stock, later largely replaced by the more suc-
cessful and widespread subgenera Ammosphex and Arachnospila ex-
cept in arid regions. Genera such as Tastiotenia and Allochares
must have been isolated for a very long time indeed to have acquired
their strikingly unusual characters.

Halffter has recently presented an interesting review of the origins
of the American insect fauna (1964, Folia Ent. Mexicana, no. 6,
108 pp.) in which he interprets the Sonoran element as a dry-adapted

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

14 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

ALLAPORUS

PSORTHASPIS

CHALCOCHARES

Mop 3
ALLAPORUS
Limits of ranges

of three Sonoran

genera

PSORTHASPIS

SERICOPOMPILUS

A Sle
; Ss
y >~- 9
Me 25 y y 2
= > wg
Mm 2 CAMERONOPLIUS BS
¢ }

Limits of ranges ALLOCHARES
of four Sonoran )
genera SERICOPOMPILUS U

HOWARD E. EVANS 5)

portion of an early Tertiary fauna which invaded North America
from South America. He believes that in many groups of insects
(in contrast to several groups of vertebrates), the Mexican highlands
provided an important center of diversification for an old South
American fauna, some elements of which became adjusted to the
increasing aridity of much of Mexico and the southwestern United
States during the upper Tertiary. Evidence which he cites, especially
from certain scarabaeid beetles, tends to support this idea. How-
ever, the pompiline wasps present a picture much more in accord
with vertebrates, for the Mexican highlands are populated almost
wholly by forms of clear Megageic affinities, while the Sonoran fauna,
as indicated above, contains several elements which appear to repre-
sent very early intrusions from Eurasia, but none of clearly South
American origin. If there is an “Old South American” or “Gond-
wanian” element in the Pompilinae, it is represented by such genera
as Epipompilus and Euplaniceps, which are still restricted to South
America and the Caribbean area.

General remarks. — One may say, then, that the pompiline fauna
of Mexico and Central America is very largely (76% ) North Ameri-
can. But the North American fauna falls readily into two elements,
an “old North American” (Sonoran) fauna (26%) and a “new
North American” (Megageic) fauna (50%). These percentages
are, of course, relatively meaningless, since the area considered is
one defined by political boundaries. As a matter of fact, the Panama-
Colombia border does have biological significance, since it is close
to the water barrier which once separated Central and South America.
That this is true, and that the existing land bridge is quite narrow,
accounts for the relatively small number of elements in the Central
American fauna which have transgressed this boundary as compared
to any boundaries which might be drawn farther north. Of other
such boundaries, the edge of the Mexican central highlands, at about
the 3000 foot contour, is most meaningful. This is generally ac-
cepted as the boundary between the Nearctic and Neotropical faunal
regions, and it is true that many species of Pompilinae are limited in
a rough way by this line. Perusal of Maps 1-6 shows the ranges of
ten of the 39 genera and subgenera as being limited approximately
by the edge of the Mexican highlands. This may not seem like a

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

16 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

HESPEROPOMPILUS

PERISSOPOMPILUS

XEROCHARES

HESPEROPOMPILUS s2. NY Br

XENOPOMPILUS
Map 5

Limits of ranges PERISSOPOMPILUS

of four subgenera

XEROCHARES
of Pompilus hs
Vv
SE
PLECTRAPORUS
PLECTRAPORUS
Map 6 CHELAPORUS

Limits of ranges
of three genera

ini NEOPLANICEPS
of Aporini

HOWARD E. EVANS 7

high number, but it is virtually the only reasonably consistent break-
ing-off point to be found. Several of the Neogeic genera have not
reached this line, and one has passed it; most of the Megageic genera
have pushed south well beyond it; and most of the Sonoran elements
seem more particularly limited by moisture than by temperature.

It is of some interest to compare the fauna at a point in northern
Mexico with that at a point in central Mexico, near the 3000 foot
contour line, and with that in tropical Central America. It is nec-
essary to select localities which have been reasonably well collected,
and unfortunately only a few localities qualify. The ones selected
are: (1) Tucson, Arizona, which is located in a desert basin at about
2500 feet elevation, and which has a fauna surely very similar to
that of parts of the state of Sonora, which is not nearly as well col-
lected; (2) Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, which is located on the
slopes of the southern part of the Mexican highlands, at about 5000
feet elevation; and (3) Barro Colorado Island and neighboring locali-
ties in the Canal Zone, not far above sea level. The distance in a
straight line from the Canal Zone to Cuernavaca slightly exceeds
that from Cuernavaca to Tucson.

As might be expected, the proportion of both Megageic and So-
noran elements decreases as one proceeds south, while the proportion
of Neogeic elements increases (text-fig. 1). In the Canal Zone, only
one Sonoran genus occurs (Psorthaspis), and the Megageic genera
are chiefly those which have been in the neotropics a long time and
have undergone a radiation there (Tachypompilus, Arachnophroc-
tonus, Paracyphononyx). Cuernavaca, being at a higher elevation
than Tucson, has nearly the same number of Megageic genera, but,
being well south of the Sonoran deserts, has fewer Sonoran genera.
When the relative number of species is plotted (text-fig. 2), much
the same picture is obtained, but the fact is immediately apparent
that the Megageic genera are richer in species than the Sonoran and
than those portions of the Neogeic genera which have penetrated
Central America.

Ideally, one might obtain figures of this type for many more
localities and, by plotting them on a map, and shading similar zones
in similar ways, obtain a general configuration of the transition be-
tween the faunas. While this would be much more meaningful than
simply drawing a line at the edge of the Mexican central plateau, it

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

18 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

15
MEGAGEIC
<0 AD
oc SS
lu ~~ =e
z ~*~
uu
© SONORAN
LL
ro) y
S *
Zz 7
7 \
oe \
- | N
=
Tucson Cuernavaca Barro Colo.
Arizona Mexico Panama

Text-fig. 1. Proportion of Megageic, Sonoran, and Neogeic genera found
at Tucson, Cuernavaca, and Barro Colorado Island.

would be quite impossible at this time because of inadequate col-
lecting in most areas.

The origin of the West Indian pompiline fauna is a subject I hope
to treat at some future date. Suffice it to say that it can only be un-
derstood in the context of the Central American fauna. Distribution
patterns of some genera suggest strongly that they entered the West
Indies via Central America: this includes the two West Indian “So-
noran” genera, Psorthaspis and Neoplaniceps, some of the Neogeic
genera, such as Anopliodes and Priochilus, and some of the Megageic

HOWARD E. EVANS 19

50
MEGAGEIC

40
2p)
i SO
oO
lu
a
n
S 20 SONORAN

be
= —

NO
/
as

NEOGEIC

eo \

Tucson Cuernavaca Barro Colo.
Arizona Mexico Penama

Text-fig. 2. Proportion of Megageic, Sonoran, and Neogeic species found
at Tucson, Cuernavaca, and Barro Colorado Island.

genera, such as Aporus and Anoplius s. str. In each of these cases
the West Indian species are clearly closely related to, or even con-
specific with, species occurring in Central America. Some West In-
dian elements belong to genera of such wide distribution that it is
difficult to be sure at this time from which direction they arrived.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

20 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

The matter must await more detailed studies of the West Indian and
northern South American faunas.

SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT

The subfamily Pompilinae, as here conceived, is equivalent to
the “Pompilidae trachyscelidae” of Haupt. The two most critical
characters are: (1) the presence of small spines or at least spine-pits
on the outer part of the hind femora, at least in the males, and (2)
the presence of apical tibial spines which are of different lengths and
more or less splayed out. In addition, members of this subfamily
always lack a transverse groove on the second abdominal sternite
and often have a small “pocket” at the inner base of the third dis-
coidal cell.

Certain genera, particularly Priochilus and Balboana, have been
treated by Banks and others as Pepsinae (or “Cryptocheilinae”), but
they unquestionably belong here (although lacking the “pocket” in
the outer discoidal cell, like a good many other Pompilinae).

Division of the Pompilinae into tribes is most difficult, and the
efforts of Bradley, Arnold, and others in this direction have largely
been failures. It is convenient to place those genera in which the
females have an elongate pronotum and a somewhat flattened head
together in the tribe Aporini, but I am by no means certain that this
tribe is monophyletic. Arrangement of the genera in the pages which
follow is a more or less conventional one. The apparently more
specialized groups, the Aporini and certain of the Pompilini such as
Aporinellus and Allochares, are placed first and last, the more gen-
eralized groups, such as A genioideus and Sericopompilus, toward the
middle. Perhaps Tastiotenia, in the Pompilini, and Epipompilus, in
the Aporini, represent the most primitive elements in their particular
tribes. However, at this stage of our knowledge of the classification
of the Pompilidae, it is futile to attempt any sort of natural arrange-
ment of the genera.

Key to Genera

Females

1. Pronotum with the collar not well differentiated from the disc, the strep-
taulus absent medially and the collar on nearly the same plane as the

HOWARD E. EVANS 21

disc; or if on a lower plane the streptaulus is absent altogether; pro-
notum longer than mesoscutum in most genera; eyes sometimes wholly
covered switheshorts hairs CAP Onimi)) i cet erences cstc-sccsctsqceseceascoeeecenseceseseetene 2
Pronotum with the collar separated from the disc by a complete strep-
taulus, the disc sloping upward strongly from the collar; pronotum
shorter than mesoscutum along the midline, or at least not notably
longer; eyes never hairy (Pompilini) .............:..ccccsccscssssecesssseesssscenseeeees 8
Fore wing with three SMCs (figs. 1, 7, 8); front femora not incrassate,
or if somewhat so the labrum is strongly exserted and the maxillary

Pall PUB ETA OT Dagerae erate ee cect cat vest cores cevesee es sabe chaaae ce ecu eavaee sada cecusceadeveuteivs 3
Fore wing with two SMCs (figs. 2-6); front femora usually incrassate;
labrum not strongly exserted nor the palpi unusually long ................ 4

Eyes hairy; pronotum relatively short, the streptaulus absent; labrum
strongly exserted; mandibles without a fimbriate groove beneath ........
Raa ncse eee e sree sear ecco tee ne suced va Secee ceases sNaaietnevselenasaudedaccnenees Epipompilus Kohl

Eyes not hairy; pronotum elongate, the streptaulus present except medi-
ally; labrum not exserted; mandibles with a strong fimbriate groove be-
TYSEILY 1 cara cectichscnsocsenecenereece hoc iee Code SSD ECEE Tee aE pee D EEE EES ecEee Sacre Psorthaspis Banks

SMC2 receiving only one recurrent vein, the second recurrent vein meet-
ing cubitus beyond (or occasionally interstitial with) with second in-
LELCUDitalMavertin (fIESs Doe Sli sesecsneeteecestere ts naes cee esae Seccte eta coneeneuicectsesossss 5

SMC2 receiving two recurrent veins (figs. 4-6) ........::ceesesseccseesesseeeeees 6

Claws bifid; hind wing with the transverse median vein leaving the anal
vein at an angle, meeting media basad of origin of cubitus by about
or slightly more or less than its own length (as, e.g., in fig. 1) ............
SORE ACESS ECCOS ORDERS OCE RCSL REDE EEC or ee CeCe EERE ncacenne tre Notoplaniceps Bradley

Claws dentate; hind wing variable, rarely as above in American species
Re eee eae SE ree veto ened cna oNe aT Ra oR Umi wEe Ccada cinta waste ccesauinesiass Aporus Spinola

Front tibiae with stout, decurved spines at apex; middle and hind coxae

well separated, revealing the metasternum ............ Chelaporus Bradley
Front tibiae without such spines at apex; middle and hind coxae close
together, the metasternum not readily visible ................:ccsscceeeereeerees i

Transverse median vein of hind wing leaving anal vein at an angle, short
and straight; SMC2 slightly if at all wider than high (fig. 5) ..............
SORE CAEL AE DEC CCDS OE DULCE SERS ACEO nO REED eCOSa TES eE CDEC COPEEReRen aon aaccr Allaporus Banks

Transverse median vein of hind wing not leaving anal vein at an angle,
in fact not clearly separated from it, long and strongly arched; SMC2
nearly or quite twice as wide as high (fig. 6) ........ Euplaniceps Haupt

Propodeum not produced postero-laterally into sharp, conical processes
(such processes present on the middle of the slope in some Tachy-
pompilus); legs more or less spinose; postnotum a transverse band of
WANE EITC, ccocococcosocnocodeceancesoncc000acaocOG666d250040000000000500000021060009000170TAIOIEG 9

Propodeum bearing distinct, more or less conical processes posterolater-
ally; either the legs smooth and almost devoid of spines or the post-
notum concealed Corsally .................cccccccecccecscssseceeecccnenannenseeerereocoeoees 23

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

22

1

13.

14.

15.

16.

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Transverse median vein of hind wing leaving anal vein at an angle, short
and straight (fig. 9); posterior rim of propodeum virtually absent ......
hidade'dabeced'n sad cbavidie gave seshcd Sauer amane uae Taoe ete eee eee Tastiotenia Evans

Anal and transverse median veins of hind wing confluent and forming an
arch (figs. 10-24); posterior rim of propodeum well developed ...... 10

Anal lobe of hind wing very large, about three-fourths the length of the
submedian cell (fig. 8); spines beneath apical tarsal segments in an
WARE EAUIENP GLOWS TONY cooocsscsecoosesoncponcannnnosoceoacossononocee Chalcochares Banks

Anal lobe of hind wing smaller, at most slightly more than half the length
of the submedian cell (figs. 10-24); spines beneath the apical tarsal
segments, when present, in a median row (occasionally also with one
OF -two; Jaterall SOMES) iseeee sass eo RA See ee ee eee 11

Postnotum arcuate y Ercadened cn each side cf the median line, then con-
stricted again opposite the propodeal spiracles; anal vein of hind wing
meeting media beyond the origin of cubitus (figs. 14, 15), except some-
times in Episyron, which possesses a sca'e-like pubescence on Tl, and
Austrochares, in which the fore tibiae are spined above for most of
theirilem'gthy ie. Ase kei eee anes Ce eee eee een eee IP

Postnotum a transverse band with nearly parallel margins, or broadened
at the midline; hind wing variable; without scale-like pubescence; fore
tibiae spined above only apically ..............cccceeessseccccceceeeeceeeeenennnneeceeees 15

Claws bifid; anal vein of hind wing meeting media near or slightly beyond
Origin Of cubitus) (figs: V5: WG) sescsee eet e soos ee eee eee cee cet e coeaaeeeeeee 13

Claws dentate (except front claws sometimes bifid); anal vein of hind
wing meeting media well beyond origin of cubitus (figs. 14, 17) .... 14

Tl, and usually parts of the propodeum and thorax, bearing scale-like
pubescence; clypeus transverse, its upper margin s‘ightly irregular to-

Ward the -Sid eS sstaiscqeenncsacesec ack ease eee eee Episyron Schigdte
Body without scale-like pubescence; clypeus large, its upper margin
Strongly “Simulate: cie2cccrsceescesss-sdecsenecceceeeaeseoneste sesso beees Austrochares Banks
Apical tarsal segments not spined beneath; spines of the front tibiae
mostly on the outer Side ..............cccccseeeeeeeeeeeeneee Sericopompilus Howard
Apical tarsal segments spined beneath: front tibiae with a series of strong
SPINES: ab OVE) Wass t seach asaes uoeeee roreeeeteveueeeeeae eens Peecil: pompilus Howard

Second recurrent vein of fore wing arising on the subdiscoidal vein much
more than half the distance from the base of the subdiscoidal vein to
the outer wing margin (figs. 10-13); apical tergite densely bristly only
00) OY JOGOS OE JAAOEVAIS so. .0o2cconcenconanasscocencecnaanosencsovoob.ooscoqgce000000 16

Second recurrent vein of fore wing arising on the subdiscoidal vein about
half or somewhat less than half the distance from the base of the sub-
discoidal vein to the outer wing margin (figs. 19-22), or if somewhat
more than half (some Anoplius) the apical tergite densely bristly .. 20

Pulvillar pad large, the comb consisting of 18 or more short, parallel
setulae; apical lateral spines on the penultimate tarsal segments more

Wr

18.

19.

20.

21.

22h

23.

HOWARD E. EVANS 23

than half as long as the ultimate segment; clypeus with a strong, sharply
defined median emargination ............ccccccccccceesseeeesseees A plochares Banks
Pulvillar pad very small, the comb consisting of a few divergent setulae;
apical lateral spines of penultimate tarsal segments much shorter than
above; American species with the clypeus more shallowly and broadly
Emanoinaterpi tia taal linea ee ete tee reese ares ooo eehe cre ens wanes sodcue tt saccicewaes 17
Claws dentate; third discoidal ce!l with a packet at its lower, inner corner

(CTE 10) Vite secon cocks host Soares hace tee nat Cen See hoe ED eee ee eee 18
Claws bifid, the inner ray broader than the outer ray; third discoidal cell
without a pocket at its lower, inner corner (fig. 12) ..............0000..0 19

Front without a tubercle as below; propodeum with the s’ope rather low
and even, often striate or with short, pale, semi-erect pubescence ........
SSSECST ORE CBO LEC OG CSSCod EEE HE CEEE HECEREICE DTG ERE ITE Raa MR REE Eero Ree aE Agenioideus Ashmead

Front with a blunt tubercle between and slightly above the antennal
sockets; propodeum strongly convex, more or less humped laterally,
not striate or with semi-erect pubescence ...... Tachypompilus Ashmead

Pronotum short, sloping evenly in front; antennae very s!ender through-
out, the outer flagellar segments elongate; abdomen not compressed ....
SOE RUC CECE ECR PSELEE EEE ECE RCE CRT Rite OLED CHEE CERO SOCCER eee Priochilus Banks

Pronotum with the disc subangularly produced anteromedially, the an-
terior face nearly or quite perpendicular to the disc; outer segments of
flagellum rather short and thick in most species; abdomen weakly to
fairly strongly compressed apically .............c:ccesscceeeee Balboana Banks

Apical tergite with numerous stiff, bristly setae, usually quite densely
bristly; pulvillar comb strong, of from 12 to 26 subparallel setae ........
SEC OSOESHGSEO RE EUS EAPEOE OPS B EC CcEIE: PRORATED OE sr hace EE AS er EEE ELSE REPT Anoplius Dufour

Apical tergite without bristles, often with some strong setae, but these
are sparse and not bristly; pulvillar comb variable .........................0 21

Claws bifid; labrum fully exserted; apex of abdomen compressed ............
TOR COSGOE A RESOSDEE EBS EE OO DREHER ORB E REE RAR EL CAE ce eee nee Paracyphononyx Gribodo

Claws dentate; labrum not usually exserted; apex of abdomen not com-
POESNE || coonoasesaceceeposdeeedossssasasadeecddaocob ad aor Pceceeoocenhe CEE RARE HERE ER ace AS peetaeraar 2,

Antennae very short, the middle flagellar segments tending to be slightly
broadened and flattened on one side, third segment at most 3.5 X as
long as thick, usually less than 3 X as long as thick; pulvillar comb of
not more than seven weak setulae ...........:::ccccccceeeee Evagetes Lepeletier

Antennae long and slender, third segment generally more than 3.5 X as
long as thick; pulvillar comb variable, when reduced the antennae quite
long yamdtslemd ries ccecececetacescenccteceececcs ce eee eee Pompilus Fabricius

Front tarsus with a comb and legs otherwise rather spinose; postnotum
concealed dorsally, the metanotum and propodeum in broad contact;
frequently with only two SMCs (fig. 23) ................ Aporinellus Banks

Front tarsus without a comb; legs unusually smooth and devoid of spines:
postnotum complete; three SMCs present; malar space fairly long ......
Be eR eB m clr sah Sah cca sa cae es eas aut aida Santee sassaadaddeseen’ Allochares Banks

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOc., 20

24

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Males

Fore wing with two SMCs, the second receiving only one recurrent vein,
i.e., the second recurrent vein is received beyond the second inter-
cubital vein (figs. 2, 3)

Fore wing with three SMCs (figs. 1, 7, 8), or if with two, both recur-
rent veins are received by the second SMC (figs. 4-6) (rarely the sec-
ond recurrent vein is interstitial with the second intercubital vein) .. 3

Vertex sharply margined, the posterior surface of the head concave; para-
meres exceedingly slender and bearing some very strong setae (fig. 25);
marginal cell slender, about 4 X as long as high .............cccccesceseeeeeeeeees
sian eis ee NS CARS Se Pee oor) RIN OR Een Leela Notoplaniceps Bradley

Vertex less sharply margined, the head not notably concave behind, or if
somewhat so the parameres not as above; marginal cell less slender, not
4 X as long as high (figs. 2, 3) .........::c:ccccssssssscsesseeeseee Aporus Spinola

Transverse median vein of hind wing leaving the anal vein at a strong
angle (35 to nearly 90 degrees), short and straight, reaching media
well basad of the origin of the cubitus (figs. 1, 5) ............ccccesceceeeee 4

Transverse median and anal veins of hind wing not clearly separated,
forming a continuous broad arc which curves up to meet media (figs.
8, 10)

Three SMCs present (figs. 1, 9); posterior rim of propodeum rather

Wweakyndeveloped) iesseccccssiictcessdsseicecteuesaasvestesssorvaessceeoteet ores seeea etre eee 5
Only two SMCs present (figs. 4, 5); posterior rim of propodeum of nor-
TC USS 74 aR Ore er oT ore ce ere R Ar Meer en pre Cr acHoortb odueesre aaN AS50007 6

Hind tarsi and tibial spurs very slender; legs clothed on their outer parts
with coarse, semi-erect setulae; malar space well developed; maxillary
Palpy TNUstially Monee eee ceesss ee eeceaeeeeeeeeese eee ee Epipompilus Kohl

Hind basitarsus and hind tibial spurs unusually broad and flat; legs with
only fine, semiappressed pubescence; malar space absent; palpi not of
Wnuistal: Lemp th yeririescceecesencc eceeeoreeecnecsen ec cee ceeeerenesees Tastiotenia Evans

Second SMC not much if any wider than high; third discoidal cell higher
than wide; anal lobe of hind wing about as long as submedian cell (fig.
3) Re RS nna ere hanee Eater anc nad nonon set ondosaebiasusunsacadaconsoossedse sence Allaporus Banks

Second SMC about or more than twice as wide as high; third discoidal
cell wider than high; anal lobe of hind wing much shorter than sub-
median: cell ((figiiA)) cece eee Chelaporus Bradley

Anal lobe of hind wing about three-fourths the length of the submedian
cell (fig. 8); body densely hairy, including even the abdominal dorsum
siiguewcaaavaegAtieah ge Santana ean ehc deena tds Saees Seas w Soe ee nereneeteueneeenemenes Chalcochares Banks -

Anal lobe smaller, at most slightly more than half the length of the sub-
median cell (figs. 10-16); body only occasionally as hairy as above .. 8

Propodeum not produced postero-laterally into sharp, conical processes,
occasionally the posterior angles broadly produced ...................:.06 9

Propodeum bearing distinct, more or less conical processes postero-
ITEMS Fal secesocecsqondonckcteconde, cocteenéceseacagncaaabeccoc bo u0ccceodouonsanbdeSbocenoocboedDoNBDONECCN 24

10.

ile

12"

13%

14.

15.

HOWARD E. EVANS MS

Postnotum arcuately broadened on each side of the median line, then
constricted again opposite the propodeal spiracles; anal vein of hind
wing meeting media beyond the origin of the cubitus (figs. 14, 15),
except often in Episyron, which possesses a scale-like pubescence on
T1, and in Austrochares, in which the front tibiae are spined above
forsmostokmtheinslem PD thiyesc.4vssecces ccc sess eee aaeche cases Pics aeees Sateen Nee caeeeaeaeks 10

Postnotum a transverse band of variable width, with nearly parallel an-
terior and posterior margins, or broadened at the midline, or occasion-
ally practically absent; without scale-like pubescence; other characters
WELT 0) IS) ecacsoocceeccnpe ease coc ecE CALC EES CoLECR ESRC RO UEE ERO Coen GOCE eCRE EE EE Cee EEE Tete 13

Claws dentate; wings showing no tendency to fold longitudinally; abdo-
TOSI WEIN? SIGTCIS? conascacssscsoeccooecgaanaqesacauedeooccoosoed Sericopompilus Howard

Claws bifid; fore wings generally showing a tendency to fold longitudi-
nally; abdomen in general less slender and elongate than above ...... 11

Propodeum and T1 with appressed, scale-like pubescence; predominantly
black, with limited whitish to yellowish maculations if any ...................
SSGCELO RODE NEEOCEEEONOROHEREC USSG SSR ROUTES eee EAC TOE ERE ene Episyron Schi¢dte

Propodeum and T1 without scale-like pubescence; species extensively
patterned with ferruginous and/or yellowish ..............ccssccccceeeerceceeees 12

Anal vein of hind wing meeting media near or only slightly beyond origin
of cubitus (fig. 16); head only slightly wider than high (TFD roughly
eI." BID) Genanonercttaecarice bcos casdeaadeaacesacermonerter an rece Austrochares Banks

Anal vein of hind wing meeting media well beyond origin of cubitus (fig.
17); head (especially eyes) unusually wide (TFD at least 1.15 X VFD)
RENO 5 Nate te eee Suton a Rn eae sey va desu deaecercauescauaucawees Poecilopompilus Howard

Second recurrent vein of fore wing arising on the subdiscoidal vein much
more than half the distance from the base of the subdiscoidal vein to
the outer wing margin (figs. 10-13) ..........cecsessssccceeceeeeeceeeeeesseesteeeeees 14

Second recurrent vein arising on the subdiscoidal vein about or some-
what less than half the distance from the base of the subdiscoidal vein

to the outer wing margin (figs. 19-22) oo... cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeereeeees 18
Claws slender and but slightly curved, with a small, erect tooth (except
inner claws of front tarsi) ............c.ccccccssseeeeeeeeees Agenioideus Ashmead

Claws stouter and more curved, with the tooth strong and sloping out-
ward, subparallel to the outer ray (i. e., bifid), or else claws in part
GQOLSTILIEIS <ceesceccocoostcnocecoccRecoocosccoueeBace noc ecScncee cco co NEL arene Cn CCE See pEe Ree ecace 15

Propodeum strongly convex and with somewhat irregular contours, in-
cluding a concave declivity; mostly ferruginous species with a blunt

tubercle just above the antennal sockets ........ Tachypompilus Ashmead
Propodeal slope low and even, with no irregularities or a well defined
declivity; mostly black SPeCieS ..............cccssccssesessssscceeecseseeeeeeesrceceeeeees 16

A short malar space present; maxillary palpi short, the penultimate seg-
ment less than a third as long as the median length of the clypeus;
wings tending to fold longitudinally ....................... Aplochares Banks

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOoc., 20

26

Wo

18.

20.

21.

23.

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Malar space absent; maxillary palpi longer, penultimate segment at least
more than half as long as median length of clypeus; wings not tending
to fold longitudimally 2s Renee eee eee 17

Antennae slender, filiform, sometimes very weakly crenulate in profile;
pronotum short, sloping abruptly; SGP at most moderately compressed;
digiti expanded and curved apically (figs. 31-36) ...... Priochilus Banks

Antennae strongly crenulate in profile, at least on the outer third; pro-
notum somewhat longer, in lateral view with the disc subangularly sep-
arated from the anterior face; SGP very strongly compressed; digiti
rod-like. (figs: <Oil;: 162) sne.teckiscllas oes cee tases coemeete Balboana Banks

Fore wings with only two SMCs present and with the basal vein rather
strongly arched; stigma nearly as long as the length of the marginal
cell along the costal margin (fig. 6); pronotum elongate ............::0:00
s/he Mec scey ns 22 Sot eee neces mee ee me Ly ee Euplaniceps Haupt

Fore wings with three SMCs, or if with only two the basal vein slightly
if at all arched and the stigma not nearly as long as the length of the
marginal cell along the costal margin .............cccccscccccceseecceeesesreereeseeee 19

Anterior margin of clypeus convexly rounded, the clypeus not usually
more than about 1.7 X as wide as high .............c:ccccsccceeseeceateeceneeers 20

Anterior margin of clypeus truncate or slightly emarginate, the clypeus
more than 1.8 XK as wide as high ............cc:ccccsscssssnccecsneceeneceesreeenseess Dil

Propodeum with the slope rather flat in front, abruptly declivous behind,
often prominent on the sides of the declivity; pronotum rather long,
often nearly as long as mesoscutum, its posterior margin weakly arcu-
ates to neanhy istratohity secon eee etree eee eee Psorthaspis Banks

Propodeum sloping rather evenly from front to rear, sometimes slightly
steepened behind, but without a distinct declivity; pronotum rather
short, angulate to subarcuate behind ................:cceenereeeseeeresseeeeeeeeeseseeeeeenee
See arene ere Pompilus Fabricius (subgenus Hesperopompilus Evans)

Claws bifid, i.e., the inner ray slopes outward, nearly parallel to the outer

1 Merete cance Recher ec cen rcerc ac pec eroeacr cet secucoshannestijucaccr sedoscucaEcéuRricedodsdboam00 De
Claws dentate (except sometimes inner front tarsal claws), i.e., the tooth
iS: SHOT and erect) secatesesesesersctenscahae ste oeae ecw tee eec ene eeate eee ieee eee 23

Labrum fully exserted, semicircular; malar space at least about as long
as antennal pedicel; antennae strongly crenulate or subserrate in pro-
file; posterior slope of propodeum with dense, erect pile ....................20+
sa upabdlewiids Sagas eae tere eae SSE SOG Reta en ocean Paracyphononyx Gribodo

Labrum not fully exserted, sometimes partially so; malar space at most
about half as long as antennal pedicel; antennae filiform, sometimes
weakly crenulate in profile; propodeum not as abOVe ..............s0:eeeeeeeee
dasha nbnadcagbadun sacccvndedeatecatyesostenasetdtdeecteae ea cenee abeceeemceensasencens Anoplius Dufour

Propodeum rather convex and with quite a distinct posterior declivity;
antennae short, the third segment less than twice as long as thick and
distinctly shorter than fourth segment; pronotum arcuate behind (sub-

HOWARD E. EVANS 27

angulate in some extralimital species); pulvillar pad and comb very
WS al Kens cctsnre sersuar eases ser Man eemetaeuennent bash ea vacated, Evagetes Lepeletier
Propodeum generally less convex than above, when a distinct posterior
declivity is present the antennae are much longer, the third segment
more than twice as long as thick; pronotum at least weakly angulate
behind, often sharply SO ........cccccccccesssecceeeenneeeeeseenees Pompilus Fabricius
24. Postnotum broadly concealed dorsally, the metanotum and propodeum in
broad contact; legs rather spinose; often with only two SMCs (fig. 23)
Ra CR SANE Orta ce doe eek Gane at nc RE, Aporinellus Banks
Postnotum complete; legs very smooth and with reduced spines; three
SMCs present; first two abdominal segments large, the remainder of
abdomen tending to telescope within the basal segments .....................
irene eee e ecco se cane ee airo ads Satiairecon ame un oeaeutnethbe em accdsate Allochares Banks

Genus EPIPOMPILUS Kohl

Epipompilus Kohl, 1884, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, 34: 57 [Type
species: Epipompilus maximiliani Kohl (=aztecus Cresson), desig-
nated by Ashmead, 1900]. — Haupt, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin,
16: 762-763. — Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 146-
147. — Evans, 1961, Psyche, 68: 25-37 (revision of American spp.)
— Evans, 1962, Pacific Insects, 4: 773-782 (Australian spp.)

Aulocostethus Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 132 [Type species: Aulo-
costethus bifasciatus Ashmead, monobasic]. — Haupt, 1930, Mitt.
Zool. Mus. Berlin, 16: 763-765. — Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., 70: 140-145. Placed in synonymy by Evans, 1961.

Epicostethus Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 445 [Type species:
Epicostethus williamsi Banks, monobasic]. Placed in synonymy by
Evans, 1961.

Generic characters. — Female. Length 4-14 mm. Variously colored;
fore wings twice-banded except wholly fuliginous in one species. Maxillary
palpi (of American species) unusually elongate, antepenultimate segment the
longest and exceeding the third antennal segment; labial palpi with the penulti-
mate segment broadly ovate, the ultimate segment attached to one side of it.
Mandibles stout, without a lamina or fimbriate groove on inferior margin,
superior margin with a single strong tooth well back from apex. Labrum
partially exserted, broad and short, apical margin of clypeus broadly truncate
or arcuately concave. Malar space well developed. Head broader than high,
front with distinct small punctures. Eyes (in American species) densely
covered with short hairs. Flagellum with some coarse, semi-erect pubescence
on inner side of basal segments. Pronotum short or moderately long; pro-
podeum with the slope low and even, almost flat behind. Front femora
slightly to moderately incrassate; legs very weakly spinose. Claws (in Ameri-
can species) with a strong tooth which is nearly parallel to the apical ray (ex-

MEM. AMER. ENT. sSoc., 20

28 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

cept front claws edentate in some species). Fore wing with marginal cell
long, acute, removed from wing tip by much less than its own length; stigma
large; three SMCs present. Hind wing with the anal lobe small, anal vein often
extended slightly beyond junction of transverse median vein, the latter vein
forming a strong angle with the anal vein, nearly straight, oblique, reaching
the median vein much basad of origin of cubitus (fig. 1). Abdomen fusiform,
conspicuously hirsute apically.

Male. Length (of known species) 4-6 mm. Known species predomi-
nantly black, with subhyaline wings. Palpi, mandibles, labrum, clypeus, and
punctures of front essentially as in female. Eyes with the hairs minute and
scarcely noticeable. Flagellum with coarse pubescence on its inner side, its
profile weakly to strongly crenulate. Pronotum short; postnotum (in known
species) at least half as long as metanotum; slope of propodeum very low.
Claws with the tooth sloping outward, short and acute, so that the claws are
weakly bifid, except claws of hind tarsi sometimes obscurely dentate, inner
claws of front tarsi sometimes strongly curved, bifid. Venation as in female.
SGP consisting of a long, slender, hairy process arising from a broad basal
plate (fig. 63). Genitalia with the parameres and aedoeagus very short, shorter

than the digiti and parapenial lobes; digiti simple, short-setose; basal hooklets
double (fig. 60).

Distribution. — Central Mexico, southern Florida, and the Ba-
hamas south to Peru and southern Brazil, also Australia and New
Zealand.

Included species. — In my review of this genus in 1961, I recog-
nized nine American species and stated that as far as I knew the
genus was confined to the Americas. I have since discovered an
additional species from the Americas (nigribasis Banks) and also
several Australian species (reviewed in 1962). I now believe that
the New Zealand species (insularis Kohl) is only subgenerically dis-
tinct from the American forms, and I have also described a third
subgenus from Australia. All of the Neotropical species belong in
Epipompilus sensu stricto.

Remarks. — These appear to be exceedingly rare insects, and
none of the species is known from more than a few specimens. I
have seen only seven Mexican and Central American specimens be-
longing to this genus, six of them females. The one male is here
assigned somewhat tentatively to delicatus Turner. I described the
males of two South American species in 1961.

I regard Epipompilus as one of the most primitive genera of
Pompilidae. Of special note is the venation of the hind wing. In

HOWARD E. EVANS 29

most specimens the anal vein actually extends slightly beyond the
junction with the transverse median vein, which leaves it at a strong
angle. Among the numerous characters which appear to ally this
genus with the Aporini should be mentioned the male genitalia, which
are strikingly Aporus-like. The incrassate front femora, hairy eyes,
and long pronotum (in females of several species) also suggest the
Aporini.

Key to Species
Females *

1. Abdomen black, T2 and T5 marked with whitish; hind tibia completely
without spines; length 7.5-14 mm. .............cc:00:cceeeeeeees aztecus (Cresson)
Abdomen in part rufous, with or without a whitish band on T2; hind tibiae
with at least two minute spines above; length 4.5-7 mm. .................0. 2

2. Front angle of ocellar triangle less than a right angle, POL and OOL sub-
equal; apex of hind femora and base of hind tibiae marked with black;
second abdominal tergite yellowish-brown ....................66 insolitus Evans
Front angle of ocellar triangle greater than a right angle, POL distinctly
greater than OOL; hind legs not marked with black; base of second

LR OUemwithy wal mwiiiti shia bala dieseccesteecerese esetetereecce ce cerer sc csecetaeesscsocccccneoss 3

3. Postnotum a very narrow band, not nearly half as long as metanotum; face
and clypeus testaceous, antennae wholly testaceous; hind tibiae with
MUMETOUS Minute SPINES ..............eeeeeeeneeeeeceeceeeeeeeeeeeees nigribasis (Banks)
Postnotum medially about half as long as metanotum; face and clypeus
black, antennae infuscated on apical third; hind tibiae with two minute,
barely visible spines ADOVE ...............::ececeessseeeeeeeessneeeeeees delicatus Turner

Epipompilus aztecus (Cresson)

Ferreola azteca Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 12: 376 [Type:
9, MExICO: VERACRUZ: Veracruz (C. Sartorius) (ANSP, no. 437) ].

Epipompilus maximiliani Kohl, 1884, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 34:
57 [Type: 2, Mexico: Morertos: Cuernavaca, 1871 (Bilimek)
(Vienna Mus.) ].

Pompilus aztecus Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 189.

Epipompilus azteca Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 133. Synonymy of
maximiliani first indicated.

Epipompilus aztecus Haupt, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 16: 762. — Evans,
1961, Psyche, 68: 30-31.

Epipompilus maximilliani Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 146.
Misspelling of maximiliani Kchl.

Aulocostethus aztecus Bradley, 1944, ibid., p. 142.

2 Only one species, delicatus Turner, is known from the male sex.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

30 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

This is a distinctive and striking species. Bradley (1944) has
redescribed the species from the type, and I have presented notes on
variation and synonymy (1961).

Female. — Length 7.5-14 mm. Head black except mandibles, labrum,
clypeus, and lower face rufous, lower inner eye margin with a whitish streak:
thorax rufoferruginous except mesosternum black, posterior third of propo-
deum sometimes black, propodeal rim whitish on each side; abdomen black
except T2 with a pair of large whitish spots, T5 with a basal whitish band;
palpi brown; antennae with basal two segments rufous, remainder more or
less infuscated; legs variable in color, partly rufous and partly black, with
white maculations on the hind coxae and tibiae; middle and hind tibial spurs
pale. Wings hyaline except fore wings strongly twice-banded, hind wings
tipped with fuscous. Body wholly covered with pale pubescence and with
short, pale erect setae which are especially dense on the front and the tip of
the abdomen. Ocellar triangle very broad, POL much exceeding OOL. Pro-
notum of moderate length; postnotum very short, less than half as long as
metanotum. Legs very smooth, hind tibiae with no spines whatever. Front
femora slightly incrassate, varying from 2.6 to 2.75 X as long as wide.

Male. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Central Mexico; specifically recorded only from
Morelos and Veracruz. (Map 7.)

Map 7

@ Epipompilus delicatus Turner
Oo Epipompilus aztecus (Cresson)
A Epipompilus nigribasis (Banks)
A Epipompilus insolitus Evans

HOWARD E. EVANS Sil

Specimens examined. —4 22. Mexico: 1 2, no further data
[BMNH]; VERACRUZ: 1 2, Veracruz (C. Sartorius) [type, ANSP];
MoreLos: 1 ?, Cuernavaca, 1871 (Bilimek) [type of maximiliani,
Vienna Mus.]; 1 2, Cuernavaca, 24 March 1959, 5500 feet (on
window of house, M. A. Evans) [MCZ].

Epipompilus insolitus Evans

Aulocostethus bifasciatus Haupt, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 16: 763. —
Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 145. Misidentification,
not bifasciatus Ashmead 1902.

Epipompilus insolitus Evans, 1961, Psyche, 68: 35-36 [Type: 2, CosTA RICA:
Turrialba (Univ. Halle, Germany) ].

This species appears closely related to the two which follow, but
has little in common with Ashmead’s bifasciatus, from Brazil, which
I redescribed in 1961. Haupt has figured the head, pronotum, and
fore wing of this species.

Female. — Length 7 mm. /Yellowish-brown, the following black: head,
apical half of antennae, first, third, and fourth tergites, apex of hind femora,
and outer base of hind tibiae; coxae and hind tibiae with whitish markings.
Fore wing twice-banded. Body densely covered with short whitish hairs.
Ocellar triangle weakly acute in front, POL and OOL subequal. Pronotum
short, hind margin obtusely angulate; postnotum half as long as metanotum.
Hind tibiae with scattered short spines.

Male. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Costa Rica; known only from the type. (Map 7.)

Epipompilus nigribasis (Banks) new combination

Ageniella nigribasis Banks, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67: 331 [Type: °,
PANAMA: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, 13 July 1924 (NB)
(MCZ, no. 15, 341)].

I overlooked this species in my recent treatment of Epipompilus,
since Banks had described it in another subfamily and made no
mention of the hairy eyes or other salient features of this genus.

Description of type female. — Length about 5 mm.; fore wing 3.8 mm.
Body entirely pale ferruginous except as follows: occiput and vertex fuscous,
front moderately infuscated except on the sides and below, where it is pale
ferruginous like the clypeus; T1 blackish except with a sub-basal ring and an
apical band of pale ferruginous; T2 with a broad whitish basal band followed

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

32 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

by a narrow band of pale ferruginous and a black apical band; T3 wholly
blackish and the sternite somewhat so; eyes greenish; antennae straw-colored
basally, darkening to pale ferruginous apically; legs pale ferruginous except
hind tibiae with a basal whitish annulus, all coxae with a fuscous basal spot
but otherwise mostly straw-colored. Fore wings with setulae coarse, espe-
cially along anterior margin; wing membrane with a broad transverse brown
band across the basal and transverse median veins, covering a considerable
part of the first two discoidal cells, and with a second broad brown band
filling the marginal cell and extending to the posterior wing margin; hind wings
subhyaline, and with a weak subapical dark band. Head and thoracic dorsum
with abundant short, silvery, suberect setae; pleura, propodeum, and abdomen
with short silvery pubescence. Head wider than high, width 1.16 X height.
Clypeus 2.5 X as wide as its median height, apical margin arcuately emargin-
ate, revealing the small, semicircular labrum. Front narrow, MID .51 X
TFD, 1.2 X LID, .77 X HE; UID 1.25 K LID. POL: OOL=5:3; ocellar
triangle broad, front angle greater than a right angle. First four antennal seg-
ments in a ratio of about 12:5:8:12, segment three 2.5 X as long as thick,
.35 X UID. Eyes wholly covered with short hairs. Pronotum short, disc
along midline about .6 as long as mesoscutum, posterior margin subangulate.
Postnotum a very narrow strip, along the midline measuring less than a third
the length of the metanotum. Propodeum with the slope low and even, the
median line not impressed. Legs moderately spinose for the genus; middle
and hind tibiae both with numerous short spines; hind tibia with eight spines
in two rows on upper side, and with a delicate carina on its inner side for its
entire length. Fore wing with marginal cell removed from wing tip by .8 its
own length; SMC3 1.6 X as long as second; basal vein arising far beyond
junction of transverse median vein. Hind wing with transverse median vein
forming almost a right angle with anal vein; cubitus obsolete beyond junction
with intercubital vein.
Male. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Panama; known only from the type. (Map 7.)

Epipompilus delicatus Turner

Epipompilus delicatus Turner, 1917, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) 20: 359 [Type:
2, PANAMA: Bugaba (GCC) (BMNH, no. 19, 316)]. — Bradley,
1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 146. — Evans, 1961, Psyche, 68:
35.

Both Bradley and I published on this species without having seen
the type. More recently I have had an opportunity to study the
type, and a full description is provided below. The species keys well
in the key I presented in 1961, except that the tibiae have two mi-
nute, barely noticeable spines. It seems conceivable, though I think

HOWARD E. EVANS 33

not probable, that nigribasis Banks and/or insolitus Evans may fall
within the range of variation of this species. The probable male is
described here for the first time.

Description of type female. — Length 6 mm.; fore wing 5 mm. Head
black; thorax rufo-ferruginous except lower posterior sides of pronotum pale
and sides of propodeal rim whitish; abdomen blackish, basal half of T2 with
a whitish band, base of T1, apex of T4, and all of T5 and T6 rufous, basal
and apical sternites also rufous; antennae rufous except scape with a whitish
apical spot, flagellum infuscated on apical third; legs rufous except coxae pale
apically and hind tibia with a basal whitish annulus. Fore wings with coarse
setulae which form a brownish area at base, a brown band across basal and
transverse median veins, and another brown band from marginal cell to lower
outer wing margin; wing tips hyaline; area between bands somewhat luteous.
Pubescence of front and thoracic dorsum coarse, somewhat golden, that of
rest of body silvery, that on sides of propodeal slope very coarse. Head much
wider than high, width 1.2 X height. Clypeus much broader than high. Front
narrow, MID .51 X TFD, 1.28 X LID, .75 X height of eye; UID 1.15 X
LID. POL:OOL=16:13; ocellar triangle broad, front angle greater than a
right angle. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 8:3:6:8, seg-
ment three 2.5 X as long as thick, .45 X UID. Eyes wholly covered with
short hairs. Pronotum short, its posterior margin arcuate, disc sloping evenly
to much lower plane of collar. Postnotum medially about half as long as
metanotum. Propodeum with its slope low and even. Legs smooth and with
only a few minute spines; hind tibiae with only two weak spines above, with
a delicate raised line on its inner side for its entire length. ore wing with
marginal cell removed from wing tip by .75 X its own length; SMC3 1.5 X
as long as second; basal vein arising well beyond junction of transverse median
vein.

Male (assigned here tentatively). — Length 4 mm.; fore wing 3.3 mm.
Head and thorax black except the clypeus and mouthparts wholly straw-
colored, the following ivory-white: sides of lower face (the two streaks con-
nected by a narrow band passing close above the antennal insertions), pos-
terior margin of pronotum, and paired spots on the extreme posterior margin
of propodeum; antennae dark brown except scape lighter brown beneath; legs
brownish-fuscous except as follows: much of front coxae and ventral and
apical parts of middle and hind coxae ivory-white, a basal ring on hind tibia
ivory-white, front legs beyond coxae testaceous, middle femora and parts of
tibiae and coxae testaceous; abdomen dark brownish-fuscous; fore wing very
lightly infuscated on apical third. Clypeus 1.7 X as wide as high, its apical
margin concave. Head 1.16 X as wide as high; front narrow, MID .56 X
TFD; inner orbits strongly diverging above, UID 1.35 X LID; ocelli in a broad
triangle, POL:OOL=6:5. Antennae very short, flagellum weakly crenulate
in profile; segments three and four about 1.4 X as long as wide, segments 5-12

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

34 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

only about 1.1 X as long as wide. Pronotum broadly subangulate behind;
postnotum on the midline nearly as long as metanotum; slope of propodeum
very low and even. Hind femora with several spines extending above the
coarse pubescence; both claws of front tarsus strongly curved, bifid, the outer
claws more conspicuously so than the inner claws; claws of hind tarsus very
weakly dentate; longer spur of hind tibia as long as basitarsus. Wings as in
female except SMC3 barely longer than SMC2. SGP and genitalia as shown
in Figs. 60 and 63.

Distribution. — Costa Rica and western Panama. (Map 7.)

Specimens examined. —1 2, 1 6. PANAMA: | 2, Bugaba
[type, BMNH]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢, Tilaran, Guanacaste Prov., about
1000 feet, 25 Feb. 1964 (HEE) [MCZ].

Remarks. — The male is strikingly like that of excelsus Bradley,
from Brazil, the terminalia differing only in minor details; however,
it is smaller and differently colored. As mentioned earlier, I can-
not be sure that this is the male of delicatus and not that of insolitus,
nigribasis, or an unknown female. The POL:OOL ratio suggests
that it may not go with insolitus, while the long postnotum suggests
that it is probably not the male of nigribasis. The characters are ap-
proximately what I would predict for the male of delicatus, and this
assignment may as well stand until enough material is available to
review the genus in a more thorough manner.

Genus NOTOPLANICEPS Bradley

Aporus (Notoplaniceps) Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 100 [Type
species: A. (N.) fenestralis Bradley, original designation].
Notoplaniceps Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 447 (elevated to

generic status).

Generic characters. — Female. Maxillary palpi short; labial palpi short,
simple. Mandibles with the inferior margin not dentate, with a fimbriate
groove. Clypeus very short, arcuate; labrum broad, barely exserted. An-
tennal orbits on a line with bottoms of eyes. Eyes wholly covered with short
hairs. Crest of vertex relatively sharp; vertex straight in anterior view, strongly
concave as seen from above. Pronotum of moderate length; propodeum with
an abrupt declivity behind. Legs moderately spinose, front femora moderately
incrassate. Claws bifid, inner ray subparallel to outer ray, truncate, subtrun-
cate, or acute. Fore wing with stigma and marginal cell both rather slender,
acute apically; only two SMCs present, the second receiving only the first re-
current vein. Hind wing with transverse median vein leaving anal vein at an
angle, slightly arcuate, reaching median vein basad of origin of cubitus by
about or slightly more or less than its own length.

HOWARD E. EVANS 35

Male. Vertex very sharp, temples virtually absent, the posterior surface
of head concave. Antennae unusually short, flagellar segments (except the
last) no longer than wide. Eyes not hairy. Claws bifid, inner ray truncate;
inner claw of front tarsus strongly curved, the rays well separated. SGP
elongate, apex narrowly rounded; parameres of genitalia very long, bearing
strong setae; aedoeagus small, flanked by strong, compressed parapenial lobes
(fig. 25). Wings as in female.

Distribution. — Costa Rica to Colombia, east to Brazil.

Included species. — Four names can be assigned to this genus:
canescens Smith, minutus Smith, innotatus Banks, and fenestralis
Bradley. The first two were described from the same locality (Para,
Brazil) and probably represent opposite sexes of one species, while
the other two species appear distinct from canescens and from each
other. However, it is possible that some of the male paratypes of
Bradley’s fenestralis go with canescens rather than with fenestralis.
Only one species, innotatus, occurs in Central America.

Remarks. — Bradley was incorrect in stating that the inner ray
of the claws is acute in females of this genus. In canescens the in-
ner ray is abruptly truncate, while in the other two species it varies
from subtruncate to subacute.

This genus is separated from Epipompilus by a considerable
morphological gap and is the first of a series of genera having only
two submarginal cells in the fore wing and centering around the
large genus Aporus. Perhaps Notoplaniceps stands somewhat closer
to Epipompilus than other genera of this complex; at least the claws
and the venation of the hind wing are somewhat similar, and the
eyes of the female are densely hairy. The nature of the pile on the
apical part of the abdomen of the female is also similar to that of
Epipompilus.

Notoplaniceps innotatus (Banks)

Planiceps innotatus Banks, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67: 337 [Type: 9°,
PANAMA: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, 19 July 1924 (N.
Banks) (MCZ, no. 15, 351)].

Aporus (Notoplaniceps) innotatus Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70:
103.

Description of type female. — Length 4.5 mm.; fore wing 4 mm. En-
tirely black; pubescence conspicuously silvery on lower front, sides of thorax,
legs, propodeum, and base of abdomen, elsewhere brownish. Fore wing mod-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

36 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

erately infuscated except subhyaline on basal third and with a subhyaline streak
crossing the wing at the stigma; hind wing subhyaline. Front, thoracic dor-
sum, and apical abdominal tergites with dark, short, backward-directed bristles
above which stand a few longer, erect setae; legs without setae, pubescence on
outer side of front femora coarse and suberect. Head 1.12 X as wide as high;
MID .65 X TFD, 1.3 X LID; UID and LID subequal. Front angle of ocellar
triangle very slightly less than a right angle; POL:00L=5:7. First four an-
tennal segments in a ratio of about 15:5:10:11, segment three 2.5 X as long
as thick, .44 X UID. Vertex moderately acute. Pronotal disc .6 X as long
as wide, very slightly longer than mesoscutum. Propodeum without a median
impression, sloping weakly in front, much more abruptly behind. Front
femora 2.5 X as long as their maximum width. Claws bifid, inner ray close
to outer ray and subparallel to it, subtruncate at tip. ore wing with basal
vein arising well basad of transverse median vein; marginal cell removed from
wing tip by slightly more than its own length; SMC2 1.7 X as wide as high;
second recurrent vein reaching cubital vein beyond second intercubital vein
by about five times its own width.

Plesiallotype. — é , PANAMA: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone,
14 June 1956 (C. W. & M. E. Rettenmeyer) [KU].

Description of plesiallotype male. — Length 4.3 mm; fore wing 3.8 mm.
Entirely black; pubescence coarse, extensively silvery, brownish on vertex,
thoracic dorsum, and apical half of abdomen. Fore wing lightly infuscated
except basal .4 hyaline and with an irregular hyaline streak below the stigma;
hind wings hyaline. Body without erect setae except for a few weak ones on
the front and vertex. Clypeus 2.3 X as wide as high, its apical margin evenly
convex. Head subcircular in anterior view, measuring 1.04 X as wide as high,
vertex forming a high, even arc above eye tops. MID .68 X TFD, 1.5 X
LID; UID 1.44 X LID; POL:OOL=15:16; front angle of ocellar triangle
slightly exceeding a right angle, posterior ocelli separated from vertex crest
by less than their own diameters. Antennae very short, their total length
only 1.6 X TED; first four segments in a ratio of about 22:8:8:9, segments
3-12 each slightly wider than long. Pronotal disc gently arched in profile, its
length along midline subequal to that of mesoscutum. Propodeum nearly flat
in front, abruptly declivous behind. Legs strongly spinose; claws bifid, inner
ray truncate, closely parallel to outer ray and of about the same length. Wing
venation as in female. Abdomen slender, compressed apically. SGP elong-
ate, narrowly rounded apically, keeled along the midline. Genitalia with the
parameres exceedingly slender, bearing some very large setae for their entire
length; volsellar digitus small, bearing five large setae and one weak one (fig.
DS) «

Distribution. — Panama and Costa Rica. (Map 8.)
Specimens examined. —6 22,8 68. PANAMA: 5 22,6 4 2,

HOWARD E. EVANS 3h7/

Barro Colorado Island, Febr., Mch., June-Aug. (KWC, NB, CWR,
C. H. Curran) [MCZ, USNM, AMNH, KU], 1 ¢, Pacora, 14 May
1952 (F. S. Blanton) [USNM]; 1 ?, Summit, Canal Zone, Nov.
1946 (N. L. H. Krauss) [USNM]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢, Los Diamantes,
28 May 1949 (KWC) [USNM].

Variation. — The Summit female is slightly larger (fore wing
4.3 mm.); the front femora measure 2.3 X as long as wide, the
second submarginal cell 1.5 X as wide as high. In other respects,
including head measurements, the resemblance to the type is very
close. The males show considerable size variation (fore wing 3.8-
5.7 mm.), and the larger specimens have the wings more heavily
infuscated, more as in the female. The claws show considerable
variation, some specimens having the inner ray shorter than the
outer ray and almost acute apically.

Genus APORUS Spinola *

Aporus Spinola, 1808 Insect. Ligur., 2: 5 [Type species: Aporus bicolor Spi-
nola, designated by Latreille, 1810]. — Haupt, 1927, Deutsch. Ent.
Zeitschr., Beiheft, pp. 264-269. — Haupt, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Berlin, 16: 730-751 (review of Palaearctic spp.). — Bradley, 1944,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 86-108 (review of New World spp.).

Planiceps Latreille, 1825, Fam. Regne Animal, p. 467 [Type species: Pompilus
planiceps Latreille, monobasic]. Haupt, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Berlin, 16: 734-735 (subgenus of Aporus).

Actenopoda Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 88 [Type species: Actenopoda
rileyi Ashmead (=niger Cresson), monobasic].

Generic characters. — Female. Length 5-18 mm. Wholly black or vari-
ous patterned with whitish, yellow, or rufous. Mandibles with one or two
small teeth on superior margin, inferior margin paralleled by a fimbriate groove,
sometimes dentate. Clypeus short, nearly as wide as LID. Antennal sockets
at or near level of bottoms of eyes. Eyes relatively narrow, with or without
dense short hairs. Pronotum relatively long, much longer than mesoscutum.
Propodeum with an oblique, nearly flat declivity. Front femora incrassate.
Claws dentate. Fore wing with two SMCs, the second receiving only the first
recurrent vein. Hind wing with the transverse median vein often differentiated
from the anal vein and leaving it at a slight angle, but in some American
species more or less arched into the median vein, which it reaches slightly to
considerably before the origin of the cubitus (figs. 2, 3).

Male. Antennae short or moderately long. Eyes not hairy. Claws den-

3 For complete synonymy, see also the various subgenera. For discussion of
generic synonymy, see under “remarks” below.

MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 20

38 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

tate or bifid, inner ray always acute. Wenation as in female. SGP compressed,
narrow or fairly broad. Genitalia with the parameres either long and attenu-
ate or short and more or less truncate; digiti of simple structure, bearing short
or long setae; basal hooklets of volsellae single, occasionally reduced and not
hook-like; parapenial lobes stout, compressed; aedoeagus simple, slender (figs.
26, 27).

Distribution. — Palaearctic, Nearctic, and Neotropical regions.

Included species. — Haupt (1930) recognized eight Palaearctic
species. In the New World the genus is represented by a larger
number of species which show much more diversity in color and
structure. Eight species inhabit continental North and Central
America, and a ninth species occurs in the mountains of Columbia
(described below). Seven additional species occur in the West In-
dies. Three subgenera are recognized for these 16 species.

Remarks. — The generic name Aporus is here used in its con-
ventional sense, even though Pate (1946, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
72: 112-115) has argued that the name Aporus should be trans-
ferred to the group otherwise called Tachyagetes Haupt, with Ash-
mead’s name Actenopoda being resurrected for Aporus in the usual
sense. I cannot agree to the adoption of a generic name such as
Actenopoda, which has never been used since its proposal in 1902,
so long as there remains a possibility that Pate was wrong, for neither
Pate nor Haupt (whom he follows regarding the identity of bicolor
Spinola) had actually seen the type of Spinola’s species. If Spinola’s
type is still in existence and turns out to be a Tachyagetes and not
an Aporus, then application should be made to the International Com-
mission of Zoological Nomenclature for the preservation of Aporus
in the sense that it has always been used. In any case, Actenopoda
cannot be used as the generic name, as the name Planiceps is avail-
able. Haupt considered Planiceps a subgenus of Aporus, and it is
surely no more than that.

It seems to me probable that Aporus (sensu stricto) underwent
most of its evolution in the Old World, since the Old World species
retain a primitive venation of the hind wing, the transverse median
vein leaving the anal vein at an angle and often being straight. Of
the New World Aporus (sensu stricto), only umbratilis, from Co-
lumbia, retains this condition of the hind wing (except for the other-
wise apparently specialized hirsutus, sole member of the subgenus

HOWARD E. EVANS 39

Plectraporus). Neoplaniceps is in several respects close to Noto-
planiceps and presumably represents a more ancient stock of the
genus. The subgenera Neoplaniceps and Aporus have both evolved
several brightly colored species in the Antilles. In Central America,
Neoplaniceps is represented by a single all-black species, but two
species of Aporus sensu stricto have developed color patterns.

Key to Subgenera of Aporus
Females

1. Eyes densely covered with short hairs; apical abdominal tergites with an
abundance of short, semierect setae ....................+ Neoplaniceps Bradley

Eyes glabrous or virtually so; apical abdominal tergites pubescent and
setose, sometimes with some inconspicuous semierect pile .................. 2

2. Front tarsus with a comb formed of short, thick spines; malar space dis-
tinct; antennal orbits situated mostly below level of bottoms of eyes;
body and legs very hairy ............cccceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeee Plectraporus Bradley
Front tarsus without such a comb; malar space very short; antennal orbits
situated mostly or wholly above level of bottoms of eyes ....................5
Seehbscnaedicpandocd See co BASE co aBb oe pa EB SS STO SCORES SoC cRU ASR rene Reece OOP REE Aporus Spinola

Males *

1. Anal and transverse median veins of hind wing confluent, forming a smooth,
broad arc and meeting median vein not far basal of origin of cubitus

(Wits, 0B), csapantscnare en eesec) ahaeceiacee se Hea SHEER DRED ERB ECEEH EE nonce EERE EEE CoRR Aporus Spinola
Transverse median vein of hind wing more or less differentiated from the
anal vein, leaving the anal vein at a slight angle and arching up to join
median vein well basal of origin of cubitus (as in fig. 2, although some-
HNRES MNOS AIROUATIS (oe InAUTELC!)) sccopoocsassqeEooonpoosooosqs5b bass bbee0odG0bDDadHqqRqdeBH0e Dy

2. Claws bifid, the tooth strong and sloping outward, parallel to the outer ray;
parameres not as below, in the one known Central American species as

SHO WANTS =k DOs wernt len sans sae slam eee ence eee sueeee Neoplaniceps Bradley
Claws of middle and hind tarsi dentate, the tooth short and nearly erect;
parameres relatively large, sublanceolate, with a series of setae extending
longitudinally-obliquely along the ventral surface .... Plectraporus Bradley

Subgenus NEOPLANICEPS Bradley

Aporus (Neoplaniceps) Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 104 [Type
species: Planiceps tarsalis Ashmead, original designation].

4 The subgenera are difficult to separate in the male sex. This key is not en-
tirely satisfactory, and major reliance must be placed upon the male genitalia. Any
males which are not entirely black will fall in Aporus s. str.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

40 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Planiceps Bradley, 1944, ibid., pp. 107-108 (nec Latreille; misidentification).

Subgeneric characters. — Female. Clypeus a very short arcuate band.
Antennal sockets at or slightly below level of bottoms of eyes. Eyes densely
covered with short hairs. Malar space absent. Front tarsus without a comb
of stout spines. Hind wing with transverse median vein leaving anal vein at
an angle, usually somewhat curved before joining median vein a short distance
or rather far basad of origin of cubitus (fig. 2).

Male. Front claws bifid, strongly curved, inner claws of each pair more
so than outer ones; middle and hind tarsal claws bifid, the tooth sloping out-
ward, fairly close to the outer ray. Venation as in female. Genitalia with
the parameres slender, short or fairly long; digiti simple, bearing some strong
setae; basal hooklets absent (fig. 59; also Bradley, 1944, pl. IV, fig. 18).

Distribution. — Known only from the West Indies and from Cen-
tral America between the Isthmuses of Panama and Tehuantepec.

Included species. —'The known West Indian species are tarsalis
(Ashmead) (¢?, 8, St. Vincent), cariborum Bradley (¢, St. Vin-
cent), funestus n. sp. (2°, Martinique), prolixus Bradley (2, St.
Croix), and antillarum Bradley (¢, Haiti and Cuba). This sub-
genus was not recorded from the continent by Bradley, but one spe-
cies, described below, inhabits Central America. The West Indian
species are variously marked with red, except funestus, which is all
black like the Central American species.

Remarks. — Bradley placed antillarum in Planiceps largely on
the basis of the tooth on the inferior margin of the mandibles, but
I do not consider this a character of generic importance. Like Brad-
ley, I have not seen specimens of the type species of Planiceps, but
I assume it does not have hairy eyes, as no one has described them.
If the eyes do prove to be hairy, the synonymy of Neoplaniceps with
Planiceps should be considered.

Aporus (Neoplaniceps) chiapanus new species

Holotype. —°, MEXICO: CHIAPAS: 17 mi. W. of Tuxla Gutier-
rez, about 3000 feet elev., 24 April 1959 (HEE) [MCZ, no. 30,
957].

Description of type female. — Length 8.5 mm.; fore wing 7 mm. En-
tirely black; pubescence silvery laterad of each antennal socket, elsewhere
dark, reflecting bluish in certain lights; fore wings fuscous, violaceous, hind
wings subhyaline, somewhat infuscated apically. Front and thoracic dorsum
with dense, short, backward-directed setae above which rise a few longer, fully
erect setae; coxae weakly setose, but femora and propodeum without con-

HOWARD E. EVANS 41

spicuous setae; apical abdominal tergites with short, backward-directed setae
above which rise some much longer setae. Clypeus a very short, arcuate band,
nearly five times as wide as its median length. Mandibles with a small tooth
on the inner margin, outer margin somewhat angulate but not actually dentate.
Head 1.07 X as wide as high; MID .65 X TFD, 1.25 X LID, .83 X HE; UID
95 X LID. Ocelli forming a right triangle, the posterior ocelli about their
own diameters from vertex crest, which is moderately sharp; POL:0OL= 22:
21. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 27:7:18:19, segment
three 2.6 XK as long as wide, .45 X UID. Pronotum moderately long, disc
measuring .9 as long as its maximum width, 1.25 X as long as mesoscutum:
disc in profile quite flat, descending in front to the slightly lower plane of the
collar. Propodeum without a median impression and without transverse striae;
in profile the propodeum slopes very weakly on the anterior three-fourths,
abruptly thereafter. Front femora strongly swollen, 2.0 X as long as their
maximum width; longer spur of hind tibia .54 X as long as basitarsus; claws
strongly dentate, the tooth sloping outward slightly. Fore wing with basal
vein arising slightly basad of transverse median vein; marginal cell removed
from wing tip by 1.3 X its own length; SMC2 2.1 X as wide as high, narrowed
by .4 above; second recurrent vein reaching cubital vein a very short distance
beyond second intercubital vein (by about twice its own width) (fig. 2). Hind
wing with transverse median vein leaving anal vein at an angle, oblique and
slightly arcuate, reaching median vein basad of origin of cubitus by about
half its own length. Abdomen short, fusiform, apex only rather weakly com-
pressed.

Allotype. — é, BritisH HonpurRAs: Augustine Mt. Pine Ridge,
3-7 July 1963 (CCP) [MCZ].

Description of allotype male. — Length 5 mm.; fore wing 4.4 mm. Black;
wings hyaline, fore wing weakly infuscated on the apical third. Pubescence
extensively silvery, conspicuously so on the pleura, coxae, and propodeum;
body without erect hairs. Head only 1.02 X as wide as high, the clypeus
rounded below and the vertex forming an even arc above the eye tops; vertex
sharp; posterior surface of head slightly concave. Clypeus 1.8 X as wide as
high. MID .68 X TFD; eyes strongly divergent above, UID 1.5 X LID.
Ocelli in a broad, flat triangle, POL:OOL = 8:7; posterior ocelli removed from
vertex crest by approximately their own diameters. Antennae very short, their
total length considerably less than twice TFD; first four segments in a ratio
of about 25:8:10:11, flagellar segments (except the last) barely longer than
thick. Pronotal disc nearly as long as mesoscutum; center of metanotum
prominent, almost pointed; postnotum very narrow, slightly wider medially
than laterally; propodeum with a rounded declivity on the posterior fourth.
Claws bifid; legs strongly spinose. Fore wing essentially as described and
figured for female, except marginal cell removed from wing tip by only 1.1

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

42 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

X its own length, SMC2 only 1.8 X as wide as high. SGP narrow, subacute,
compressed and tectiform. Genitalia as shown in fig. 59.

Paratype. —@, COSTA RICA: Pacuare, 1949 (KWC) [USNM].

Variation. — The paratype resembles the type closely, but is
slightly larger (fore wing 8 mm.). Erect setae are similarly dis-
tributed, and the pubescence is similar except that the coxae, the
posterior slope of the propodeum, and the basal parts of the first
three abdominal tergites have the pubescence somewhat silvery like
the face. Head measurements agree closely with the type, but POL
and OOL are equal. The front femora measure 2.2 X as long as
wide; the pronotum is shorter, the disc measuring only .7 as long as
wide. In the fore wing the second recurrent vein is received beyond
the second intercubital vein by four times its own width.

Map 8

@ Notoplaniceps innotatus (Banks)

O Aporus (Neoplaniceps) chiapanus Evans

A Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks)
(also widely distr. in western U.S.)

Distribution. — Southern Mexico, British Honduras, and Costa
Rica; known only from the type, allotype, and paratype. (Map 8.)
Aporus (Neoplaniceps) funestus new species

Holotype. —° , MARTINIQUE: Fort de France, 31 May 1944 (H.
Stehle) [USNM, no. 67, 140].

HOWARD E. EVANS 43

Description of type female. — Length 10 mm.; fore wing 6.5 mm. En-
tirely black; pubescence rather coarse and silvery to cinereous on the lower
front, clypeus, temples, pleura, and basal parts of legs, elsewhere brownish;
fore wings moderately infuscated, hind wings subhyaline, darker apically.
Pilosity as described for chiapanus, but the abdomen has most of the setae
rubbed off. Clypeus a very short, arcuate band as in chiapanus; mandibles
not dentate below; antennae arising well below bottoms of eyes from the
lower side of a strong, V-shaped frontal prominence. Head 1.05 X as wide
as high; MID .69 X TFD, 1.20 X LID, .84 X HE; UID .92 X LID; POL:
OOL=10:9. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 23:6:13:14,
segment three 2.1 X as long as wide, .40 X UID. Pronotum very long, the
disc measuring approximately as long as wide, about twice as long as the
mesoscutum; sides of disc very abrupt, almost ridged; disc with a weak median
impression on the anterior third. Propodeum smooth, with a strong declivity
on the posterior fourth. Front femora strongly swollen, about twice as long
as their maximum width; longer spur of hind tibia .53 X as long as basitarsus;
claws with the tooth strong, nearly parallel to outer ray, which is rather
strongly curved. Wing venation similar to that of chiapanus; SMC2 shorter
than in that species, only 1.6 X as wide as high, narrowed by more than half
above; second recurrent vein received well beyond second intercubital vein;
hind wing with the transverse median vein longer and more arched than in
chiapanus, reaching the median vein basad of the origin of the cubitus by
about half its own length.

Remarks. — This is the only all-black species of Neoplaniceps
known from the West Indies. It differs from chiapanus in having a
much longer pronotum and a shorter second SMC, as well as in other
details of venation and body proportions.

Subgenus APORUS Spinola

Aporus Spinola, 1808, Insect. Ligur., 2: 5 [Type species: Aporus bicolor Spi-
nola, designated by Latreille, 1810].

Actenopoda Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 88 [Type species: Actenopoda
rileyi Ashmead (=niger Cresson), monobasic].

Melanaporus Ashmead, 1902, ibid., p. 132 [Type species: Planiceps euferalis
Fox, monobasic]. — Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 86,
110. Synonym by Evans, 1958, Ent. News, 69: 152.

Odontaporus Bradley, 1944, op. cit., pp. 110-116 [Type species: Planiceps
notabilis Smith, original designation]. Synonym by Evans, 1958,
Qo. Cli, PD. WA.

Subgeneric characters. — Female. Clypeus relatively longer and less arcu-
ate than in the other subgenera, generally about 3 X as wide as long. Anten-
nal sockets slightly above level of bottoms of eyes. Eyes glabrous, actually

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

44 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

with extremely minute, barely visible setae. Malar space absent or very short.
Front tarsus without a comb of stout spines. Venation of hind wing variable;
most species with the transverse median vein smoothly continuous with anal
vein, arching up to join median vein not far basad of origin of cubitus (fig. 3).

Male. Claws dentate or bifid, front claws modified as in Neoplaniceps.
Venation as in female. SGP of moderate breadth, tectiform, in lateral view
rather deep. Genitalia with the parameres either long and slender or short
and subtruncate.

Distribution. — Palaearctic, Nearctic, and Neotropical regions,
in the Neotropics not known to occur south of Colombia.

Included species. —'The numerous species described from Mex-
ico and Central America can, in my opinion, be reduced to three,
two of them polytypic; two of these species also occur in southwest-
ern United States. One other species (Juxus) occurs widely in the
United States and barely enters northwestern Mexico. A second
U. S. species (niger) may enter northeastern Mexico, although there
are presently no Mexican records; this species is included in the key,
but not treated further. Also included in the key and described in
the text is a single species occurring in Colombia. The known West
Indian species are: euferalis (Fox) (4, Jamaica), cupripennis
(Banks) (2, Jamaica, probably a synonym of euferalis), and simu-
latrix Bradley ( ¢ , Cuba, Puerto Rico). A. calcaratus (Fox), known
only from the type male from Southern Florida, may possibly be the
male of simulatrix.

Remarks. — The weakness of Bradley’s genus Odontaporus is
demonstrated by the fact that he included the male of idris in Aporus
(under the name zapotecus), the female in Odontaporus (under the
name aureolus). Furthermore, two of his species of Aporus (ya-
vapai and bequaerti) have a tooth on the inferior margin of the
mandibles and will therefore run to Odontaporus in his key (except
on color); actually both of these names belong in the synonymy of
notabilis and its subspecies, the type species of Odontaporus.

Key to Species Occurring in Continental America

Females

1. Transverse median vein of hind wing forming an angle with the anal vein,
reaching the median vein basad of the origin of the cubitus by about
its own length; inferior margin of mandibles not dentate; abdominal

HOWARD E. EVANS 45

tergites 1-5 each with a basal band of silvery pubescence and an apical

band of dark pubescence (Colombia) ..............:ccceseeeeees umbratilis n. sp.
Transverse median and anal veins of hind wing smoothly continuous with
one another, arching up to join the median vein a short distance basad
Ofmiheroriginmohreulbitusy (Mos 3))iescssese-cosceccs cccecesessseve-cescecuecccectesesseuszecoss 2

2. Inferior margin of mandibles not dentate, merely slightly arcuately ex-
panded (all-black species occurring chiefly in the United States) ...... 3
Inferior margin of mandibles with a distinct tooth (all-black or variously
colored species chiefly inhabiting Mexico and Central America) ........ 4

3. Front femora weakly incrassate (2.5-3.1 X as long as wide); front rather
smooth, with a covering of very short backward-directed setulae above
which rise a few large setae; second intercubital vein somewhat oblique

Bases eck cee rai see sees ee at can Suewavausdues wreetwsceLccesesuanecasseseseatenceestesses niger (Cresson) ®
Front femora moderately incrassate (2.3-2.7 K as long as wide); front
covered with somewhat stronger backward-directed setae and a some-
what larger number of erect setae; second intercubital vein usually nearly
erect; pubescence in general more intensely bluish than above ...............

SORES OOR ECE ESHS Ee SOGOU SEI OS EOLE ECE SOC COE EEO US EECES ERCP oC DE ner Cee Tuxus (Banks)

4. Fore wings fuscous; head and thoracic dorsum without dense orange pu-
ESCENCeamliALen AC Kemeenceteon a ceneretancsees set ce an yc sre Son conn snenesicoaon tens iensawaiiceesee eee 5

Fore wings subhyaline, with two strong fuscous bands; front of head cov-
ered with dense orange tomentum, posterior half of pronotum and all

of mesoscutum also with tomentum of this color; T4 orange-brown .... 8

5. Vertex crest rounded (about as in Juxus); front very broad, MID at least
.67 X TFD, at least .9 X HE; black, the pubescence reflecting bluish

cic cbpReSOSSREEE EEOC ac CORE EEE Ear cE DEO SC CESSES ETSCCE Reon eee ee eee ere concolor (Smith)
Vertex crest rather sharp; front relatively more narrow, MID less than .67

X TED, about .80-.85 X HE; black, abdomen with or without white
SPOUSHN (HOLA DITESIT ececceeececsccerrcerc ces cree aee se Soros aac e ce ccc ccs evisy sau sevieteceonscesseaess 6

6. Pronotum unusually long and parallel-sided, length of the disc subequal to
its width; eyes diverging strongly above, UID 1.23-1.26 X LID; body
willy la ckencits.csscorececceretest-oessowi cc asec ceases notabilis prolongatus n. subsp.
Pronotum shorter, generally somewhat wider behind than in front, length

of disc measuring .75-.90 X its maximum width; eyes less divergent
above, UID not more than 1.20 XK LID ou... ccccccceeseeescecceneeeeseees 7

7. Wholly black or T2 with two small whitish spots; front femora strongly
incrassate (in most specimens from 1.9 to 2.15 X as long as wide);

UID from 1.10 to 1.20 X LID ........... notabilis pulchritarsis (Cameron)
Abdomen with five whitish spots, two each on T2 and T3, one on the api-
cal tergite; front femora less strongly incrassate (measuring 2.2-2.55 X

as long as wide); UID subequal to LID ...... notabilis notabilis (Smith)

5 Not known to occur in Mexico, but common in Texas so doubtless it enters
the northeastern part. For a recent redescription, see Bradley, 1944, pp. 92-94. To
the synonymy given by Bradley may be added hermes Bradley (see Evans, 1956,
Ent. News, 67: 6).

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

46

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

T4 and 5 largely light orange-brown; posterior ocelli removed from vertex
crest by slightly more than their own diameters .... idris idris (Cameron)
TS black, at least apically; posterior ocelli removed from vertex crest by
slightly less than their own diameters .............. idris comptus (Bradley)

Males

Body entirely black, including the tibial spurs; parameres elongate, much
GreETeeliyy WS GME (HIG, 2G) ccoscoconccosscoocuonsosososecoousdonedocosbsncooos.scsodcseNCE 2
Body with white markings at least on the spurs or pronotum; parameres
short, obliquely truncate, shorter than the digiti (fig. 27) .................. 4
Antennae relatively elongate for the genus (segments 4-12 in most speci-
mens more than 1.5 X as long as thick); second intercubital vein nearly
erect in most specimens; parameres somewhat elbowed and with a few
setae set on the inner margin near the apex ...................+ luxus (Banks)
Antennae more compact (segments 4-12 in most specimens less than 1.5
X as long as thick); second intercubital vein somewhat oblique; para-
meres elbowed or not, setae on ventral surface sometimes close to inner
margin, but not actually set in the margim ................:ccsesssceesceeeseeeenes 3
Body pubescence rarely reflecting bluish except in a very small part; para-
meres somewhat elbowed about midway; basal hooklets of volsellae nor-
trial’ OOKEIIK CG az ace ass a ore eee niger (Cresson)
Body pubescence extensively bluish, greenish, or violaceous; parameres
evenly curved (fig. 26); basal hooklets reduced to small, rounded flaps,
mot hoOOkK=like 2.0.02. cnseaesnecacdacvaneerecotetyocevs neocons eae eee concolor (Smith)
Tibial spurs black, pronotum with a whitish band along posterior margin;
antennae very compact (segments 4-12 each about 1.05-1.2 X as long
as thick); parameres and volsellae with many clubbed setae (fig. 27);
Céntrals MexiCon - fence: sete oor ee idris idris (Cameron)
1B 0 FET Waeenene carer psec ncancae Gaccantci asonGoECaSeAcoocdsatoaaLeco0oe idris comptus (Bradley)
Tibial spurs whitish, pronotum with or without a white band; antennae less
compact, segments 4-12 varying from 1.25-1.8 X as long as thick; para-
meres and volsellae with the setae not clubbed (notabilis) ................ 5
Pronotum without a white band; abdomen not spotted; eyes but slightly
convergent above, UID .90-.97 X MID .... notabilis prolongatus n. subsp.
Pronotum margined with a whitish band behind; abdomen usually with
four white spots and the tip with a white spot; eyes more convergent
above; (UID: <80=.90) X. MIND! ..cc..czesecchaecsscsecsostustentenecesceecccecesa neces teres 6
Upper front with punctures small and close together, not much impressed
at ocelli; propodeum rather flat in front, then more abruptly declivous
[oreo 0G ee nccneceousede:atscuocesecroceceddeemaadescsoeco notabilis pulchritarsis (Cameron)
Upper front with punctures somewhat larger and more widely spaced than
above, also distinctly impressed in front of front ocellus and laterad of
posterior ocelli; propodeum sloping more evenly from front to rear ......
sae sein ta seek comets saae tatane coteteoventeneseantescoessiateee etree es notabilis notabilis (Smith)

HOWARD E. EVANS 47

Aporus (Aporus) umbratilis new species

Aporus canescens Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 447 (nec Smith
1873; misidentification).

Holotype. —2, COLOMBIA: Vista Nieve, San Lorenzo Mts., 16
Dec 1922) GIB) yIMeZ, nor 30) 958i:

So far as known, this is the only species of Aporus to enter South
America. The species is of unusual interest because the venation of
the hind wing is more as in Neoplaniceps, Plectraporus, and Old
World Aporus than in the North and Central American Aporus.
The eyes are very slightly more hairy than in most true Aporus, but
much less so than in Neoplaniceps, and the antennae are not inserted
as low as in Neoplaniceps and Plectraporus. Possibly this is a relict
of an early, ancestral stock of Aporus.

Description of type female. — Length 10.5 mm.; fore wing 8 mm. En-
tirely black; fore wings moderately infuscated, non-violaceous but with weak
coppery reflections; hind wings lightly infuscated. Pubescence silvery on sides
of face, sides and venter of thorax, posterior slope of propodeum, basal parts
of legs, basal half of T 1-5 and most of abdominal venter; elsewhere dark, ob-
scurely violaceous. Front, thoracic dorsum, posterior slope of propodeum,
coxae, outer side of front femora, abdominal venter and apical tergite with
short erect setae, not very dense or conspicuous. Inferior margin of mandibles
rounded, not dentate. Clypeus about 3 X as wide as high. Antennal sockets
slightly above a line drawn between bottoms of eyes. Eyes with short, incon-
spicuous setae, most noticeable near bottoms. Head 1.11 X as wide as high;
MID .63 X TFD, 1.25 X LID, .87 X HE; UID and LID subequal. Ocelli
in about a right triangle, the posterior ocelli slightly less than their own di-
ameters from the vertex crest, which is moderately sharp; POL:OOL=3:4.
First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 23:7:14:15, segment three
2.4 X as long as wide, .34 X UID. Pronotum relatively short for the genus,
disc measuring .65 X as long as wide, 1.33 XK as long as mesoscutum. Pro-
podeum nearly fiat in front, with an oblique posterior declivity. Front femora
2.3 X as wide as long. Claws with the tooth strong, erect, outer ray curved
so that it is nearly parallel to the tooth. Fore wing with basal vein arising
considerably basad of transverse median vein; marginal cell removed from
wing tip by 1.15 X its own length; SMC2 2.1 X as wide as high, narrowed by
half above; second intercubital vein strongly oblique; second recurrent vein
reaching cubital vein beyond second intercubital by only about its own width.
Hind wing with transverse median vein leaving anal vein at a slight angle,
somewhat curved, reaching median vein basad of origin of cubitus by about
its own length. Abdomen slightly compressed apically.

Male. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Known only from the type.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

48 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Aporus (Aporus) luxus (Banks)

Planiceps luxus Banks, 1914, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 22: 304 [Type: 2, Cat-
FORNIA: National City, 15 May (VanDuzee) (MCZ, no. 13, 704)].
— Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 242.

Planiceps assimilis Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 100 [Type: 2,
BRITISH COLOMBIA: Penticton, 11 Aug. 1909 (J. B. Wallis) (MCZ,
no. 10, 009) ].— Banks, 1919, op. cit., p. 242. New synonym.

Aporus (Aporus) luxus luxus Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 90-
91. — Wasbauer, 1960, Pan-Pac. Ent., 36: 175-176.

Aporus (Aporus) luxus assimilis Bradley, 1944, op. cit., p. 91. — Wasbauer,
1960, op. cit., pp. 175-177.

Wasbauer (1960) has argued for subspecific status for assimilis,
but I cannot agree that 75% separation on one character in one sex
is sufficient to justify a trinomen. This species has been recorded
only once from Mexico, but it is doubtless not uncommon in north-
ern Baja California and Sonora.

Female. — Length 8-14 mm. _ Black, the pubescence rather strongly
bluish or violaceous, often silvery on sides of the lower front; fore wings
fuscous, violaceous; hind wings lightly infuscated, darker apically. Erect
setae and body pile essentially as described for the following species, con-
color; erect setae on front femora absent or inconspicuous in specimens from
southern parts of the range. Mandibles without a tooth on the lower mar-
gin. Clypeus about 3 X as wide as high. Front rather broad, MID .66-.72
X TFD; UID and LID subequal; ocelli in a broad triangle, POL considerably
exceeding OOL. Vertex crest not very sharp, about as in concolor. Front
femora moderately incrassate, measuring 2.3-2.7 XK as long as wide. Fore
wing with the second intercubital vein curved slightly on upper part, otherwise
more or less straight and erect; SMC2 varying from 1.5 to 1.8 X as wide as
high.

Male. — Length 5-9 mm. Black; pubescence strongly reflecting bluish,
in small to large part silvery, the posterior slope of the propodeum with coarse,
semi-erect silvery pile; wings lightly to moderately infuscated, darker apically.
Inner orbits divergent above; POL subequal to or slightly exceeding OOL.
Antennae more elongate than in related species, segment three 1.1-1.3 X as
long as thick, segments 4-12 generally at least 1.5 X as long as thick. Wings
as in female, but SMC2 often smaller, 1.3-1.6 X as wide as high. SGP re-
latively broad and truncate, with a high median ridge (Bradley, 1944, pl. IV,
fig. 1). Genitalia with the parameres slender, much like those of concolor
but somewhat elbowed (pl. IV, fig. 20 in Bradley, 1944).

Distribution. — British Columbia south to Baja California, east
to Arizona and Utah. Wasbauer (1960) presented detailed distribu-

HOWARD E. EVANS 49

tion records, although some of them from the southern parts of the
range probably apply to concolor. (Map 11.)

Mexican specimens examined. —1 2. BAJA CALIFORNIA: | °,
San Vicente, 8 July 1963 (JP) [CIS].

Aporus (Aporus) concolor (Smith)

Planiceps concolor Smith, 1860, Jour. Ent., 1: 80 [Type: 2, MExIco: Oaxaca:
Oaxaca (BMNH, no. 19, 765) ]. — Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., 1: 137. — Fox, 1893, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2) 4: 9 (Baja
California).

Pompilus (Planiceps) concolor Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen.
II, p. 186.

Pompilus monticola Cameron, 1893, ibid., p. 190-191 [Type: ¢, Mexico:
GUERRERO: Xucumanatlan, 7000 feet, July (HHS) (BMNH, no. 19,
745)]. New synonym.

Aporus (Aporus) concolor Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 97.

This species was listed as unrecognizable by Bradley, and its
synonym monticola omitted from consideration altogether. Actually
the species is widely distributed in Mexico and also enters southwest-
ern United States, where it has usuaily been misidentified as luxus
Banks. The resemblance to luxus is, in fact, great, but SMC2 is gen-
erally longer and the second intercubital vein more sloping, and there
are other differences as indicated in the key.

Description of type female. — Length 15 mm.; fore wing 9.5 mm. Color
black, entire body and legs covered with brilliant bluish pubescence; wings
fuscous, violaceous. Front and thoracic dorsum with three types of pile: the
very short pubescence, some slightly longer setae which are curved backward,
and some sparse, longer, fully erect setae. Erect setae also present on temples,
propleura, and front coxae; scape with a few setae; thoracic dorsum with
sparse setae, propodeum bare; front femora with a few setae below and on
the sides; apex of abdomen setose. Lower margin of mandible with a sharp
tooth. Clypeus 3 X as broad as high, its upper and lower margins both arcu-
ate. Head 1.08 X as broad as high; front broad, MID .72 X TFD, 1.4 X
LID, .95 X HE; UID 1.04 X LID. POL:OOL= 18:15; ocellar triangle broad,
front angle more than a right angle; posterior ocelli about their own diameters
from vertex crest. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 33:7:20:
20, segment three 2.2 X as long as thick, .36 X UID. Vertex passing straight
across between eye tops, crest rounded as seen in side view. Pronotal disc
.8 X as long as wide, 1.3 X as long as mesoscutum, anteriorly descending
gradually to somewhat lower plane of collar. Propodeum with a weak median

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

50 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

impression and an abrupt, oblique declivity. Front femora 2.4 X as long as
wide; longer spur of hind tibia .45 X length of basitarsus. Fore wing with
basal vein arising slightly basad of transverse median vein, lower section
straight, then strongly arcuate above; marginal cell removed from wing tip
by 1.25 X its own length; SMC2 1.7 X as broad as high, narrowed by slightly
more than half (.55) above; second intercubital vein sloping slightly. Hind
wing with anal vein not closely paralleling preaxillary furrow, curving up to
meet the median vein slightly basad of origin of cubitus (fig. 3). Abdomen
weakly compressed apically.

Plesiallotype (homotype of monticola Cameron). — é , MEXICO:
MoreELos: 3 mi. N. Alpuyeca, 3400 feet, 3 April 1959 (HEE)
[MCZ].

Description of plesiallotype male. — Length 8 mm.; fore wing 7 mm.
Color black, pubescence reflecting bluish over much of thoracic dorsum and
pleura, extreme sides of propodeum, and sides and apices of basal abdominal
terga, elsewhere silvery and rather coarse, especially on the propodeal declivity.
Wings hyaline, fore wing with a lightly infuscated apical band. Moderately
dense, short erect hairs are present on the scape, front, vertex, temples, and
propleura; much sparser and generally paler hairs are present on the thoracic
dorsum, coxae, and abdomen. Clypeus twice as broad as high, its margin
weakly convex. Head 1.1 X as broad as high; front broad, MID .70 X TFD,
1.5 X LID, subequal to HE; UID 1.4 X LID. POL and OOL subequal; ocelli
in a broad, flat triangle, posterior ocelli separated from vertex crest by about
their own diameters. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 14:5:
6:7, segment three very slightly longer than thick, segments 4-12 each about
1.15 X as long as thick. Posterior margin of pronotum arcuate, with a weak
median notch. Claws bifid; longer spur of hind tibia .7 X the basitarsus.
SGP moderately broad, broadly rounded apically, with a high median ridge.
Genitalia with the parameres evenly curved, not elbowed, bearing strong setae
laterally and ventrally, but not on the inner margin; digiti with strong, knobbed
setae, most of them strongly bent midway, the volsellae also with some knobbed
setae at the base of the digitus; basal hooklets reduced to simple flaps, not
hook-like; parapenial lobes slightly shorter than aedoeagus, much expanded
apically (fig. 26).

Distribution. — Texas and California to Costa Rica. (Map 9.)

Specimens examined. —27 22,18 64. TExas: 1 ?, Austin,
Nov. 1900 (C. T. Brues) [MCZ]; 2 2° 2, Alvin, 13 June 1956
(HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, McDade, 27 June 1934 (J. E. Gillaspy)
[MCZ]. New Mexico: 1 2, White Sands Nat. Mon., Otero Co.,
9 Sept. 1962 (HAS) [OSU]. Arizona: 1 ¢, Southwestern Res.
Sta., Chiricahua Mts., 6 Sept. 1958 (PDH) [CIS]; 1 ¢, Portal, Co-

HOWARD E. EVANS Sil

chise Co., 29 June 1963 (A. Raske) [CIS]. CALIFORNIA: 1 2, 1
é, San Diego, Aug. (H. A. Hill) [MCZ]; 2 ¢ 6, Los Angeles Co.
(Coquillett) [USNM]. Basa CALIFORNIA: | ¢@, Colonia Guerrero,
10 Aug. 1959 [CAS]; 1 ¢, San Quintin, 9 April 1938 (W. E. Sim-
onds) [CAS]; 1 ¢, Cabo San Lucas, 16 Mch. 1953 (P. H. Arnaud)
(IGAS|E eer sl Ommme Es San lenacioy 39) Sept. 1941 [CAS]; 1 2, 7
mi. N. Santa Anita, Hwy. 19, 1 July 1959 (HBL) [CAS]; 1 ¢, 19
ie We waweaz Sle Dec. 958. (HBL) CAS]; 3 2 2, Sierra San
Pedro Martir, La Grulla, 6500’, 30 May 1958 (JP) [CIS]. Dvu-
RANGO: 2 2 2, Durango, 6000 feet, 22-23 Oct. 1957 [OSU]; 1 ¢,
5 mi. W Durango, 14 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Zacatecas: 1
2,3 66, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ,
CU]; 1 ¢, Fresnillo, 7000 feet, 15 Aug. 1947 (CDM) [AMNH].
NAAR ee uly O54 e(BIS CAS], JAwisco: 1 2, 8 mat.
S Guadalajara, Sept. 1954 (FXW) [CAS]. GuANAguATO: 1 4, 25
mi. NW Salvatierra, 28 July 1954 (EIS) [CIS]. Distriro FEDERAL:
1 ¢, San Jeronimo, 11 June 1946 (J. & D. Pallister) [AMNH].
MorELos: 2 2 2, 3 mi. NW Cuernavaca. 20-26 May 1959, 6500
feet (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 6 ¢, 3 mi. N. Alpuyeca, 3400 feet, 3 April
iS Oe CHEE) Ss IMEeZA|- ses Yautepecs 13 July 1963 (EDP) (UCD:
GUERRERO: | 4, Xucumanatlan, 7000 feet, July (HHS) [BMNH].
OaAxACA: 1 2, Oaxaca [type, BMNH]; 1 2, Nochixtlan, 23 Aug.
1963 (HAS) [OSU]. Curapas: 1 3, Ixtapa, 11 Apr. 1962 (FDP)
IWEeD)]F 156520) mi. S Wuxtla Gutierrez, 12 Aug. 1963 (FDP)
[UCD]. British Honpuras: 1 6, Augustine Mt. Pine Ridge, 3
July 1963 (CCP) [MCZ]. Cosra Rica: 1 ¢, 6 mi. W Turrialba,
3800 feet, 23 July 1963 (HAS) [OSU].

Variation. —In the available females, the front femora vary
from 2.10 to 2.45 X as long as wide; the second submarginal cell
varies from 1.7 to 2.0 X as wide as high, and is narrowed above by
from .45 to .65. Females from Baja California are consistently more
hairy and have the pubescence somewhat duller and more greenish
than is usual in the species. The females from Costa Rica and from
Nochixtlan, Oaxaca, have the front somewhat narrower than usual
(MID .67 X TFD, .90 X HE in both); both are smaller than aver-
age, the fore wing measuring 8.5 mm. in the Costa Rica specimen,
only 7.0 mm. in the Nochixtlan specimen. In several females POL
and OOL are subequal.

MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 20

52 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

In the males studied, the fore wing varies in length from 4.5 to
7.5 mm. There is little variation in color of the pubescence of the
males except in specimens from southern California, which have the
pubescence almost entirely dark, including the coarse, semierect pu-
bescence on the propodeal slope. Two of four specimens from Zaca-
tecas have the wings unusually pale, the apical band entirely absent,
while the British Honduras male (the smallest seen) has the wings
wholly lightly infuscated. The terminalia of eight males from diverse
localities were extracted and found to exhibit little variation except
that the SGP varies somewhat in width and may be subtruncate
apically.

i 2! y
| i | j (a Spa
f i NS ra a | nas mae =
ar | i aN a. ! f i i \
= 1
y S, ) / | {
) \ ) fae | peat
\ \ 5 Naa ae
s)\ 9 ( Se, & ® ia
\ \ \
a ‘ oe
aes EN ee
\ x U ‘SS y)
\ AP 5
\ COPE ae Q XY
(7, /@ u =X
NL Qt kee,
e PEON ~ au J<
<i aan 0 Zs X
@ “oe re)
Sah Kf ‘
a ( aa Y Ser
gr ae = | eS
Oe SS +71, =
1 & Fr ~
( pee
S a
di <=
J
C if
@ + )
Map 9 j

® Aporus (Aporus) concolor (Smith)

Aporus (Aporus) notabilis notabilis (Smith) new combination.

Planiceps notabilis Smith, 1960, Jour. Ent., 1: 80 [Type: 2, MeExico (no
further data) (? location of type) ].— Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 1: 137.

Pompilus (Planiceps) notabilis Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen.
II, p. 186 (recorded from Veracruz, Mexico).

HOWARD E. EVANS 53

Pompilus flavomarginatus Cameron, 1893, ibid., p. 191 [Type: ¢, Mexico:
YUCATAN: Temax (Gaumer) (BMNH, no. 19, 703)]. New syno-
nym.

Odontaporus notabilis Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 114-115
(both sexes redescribed; recorded from Guatemala and Costa Rica).

Although this striking form has been recognized for more than a
century, its close relationship to other Aporus having the vertex
sharply margined has not been appreciated. Males closely resemb-
ling notabilis and identified as such by myself (1951, Synoptic Cata-
log of Hymenoptera, p. 922) range north to Arizona, while females
have not been taken north of Veracruz. There can be little ques-
tion that the males from western and northern Mexico and southern
Arizona actually belong with yavapai Banks, a two-spotted form
which is otherwise indistinguishable from the immaculate pulchri-
tarsis Cameron. To add to the confusion, Banks described be-
quaerti from Yucatan, well within the range of the five-spotted nota-
bilis and agreeing closely with it structurally; yet bequaerti is com-
pletely without maculations.

This situation can be resolved if we consider pulchritarsis a sub-
species of notabilis which is usually wholly black in the female sex,
but which may have a pair of small white spots on the second ter-
gite (yavapai) (these spots are barely perceptible in some specimens).
The type of bequaerti is best interpreted as an intermediate, having
the color of pulchritarsus and most structural features of typical nota-
bilis. A male taken at the same time and place as the type of be-
quaerti is a typical male notabilis. I have here placed bequaerti in
the synonymy of notabilis pulchritarsis with the notation that it is
properly considered an intergrade with n. notabilis. The specimens
from Texas and northeastern Mexico formerly assigned to bequaerti
in reality belong to a third subspecies, which is described below.
The males of n. notabilis and notabilis pulchritarsis are separable
only with difficulty, and specimens from Hidalgo and San Luis Po-
tosi appear to be intergrades. The male terminalia of all three sub-
species appear identical.

Female. — Length 12-16 mm. Black, T2 and T3 each with a pair of
large yellowish-white spots, apical tergite with a single spot of the same color;
wings moderately infuscated. Pubescence cinereous to light brownish, some-
what metallic on parts of the dorsum; front rather smooth, with short, fine

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

54 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

backward-directed setulae and few erect setae. Inferior margin of mandibles
dentate. Clypeus a narrow band nearly 3.5 X as broad as long. Head about
1.07 X as wide as high; MID .62 XK TFD; UID subequal to LID; POL:
OOL=5:4. Margin of vertex relatively abrupt; posterior ocelli less than their
own diameters from vertex crest. Pronotal disc .73-.82 X as long as its great-
est width, about 1.4 X as long as mesoscutum. Propodeum with a rather
abrupt, nearly flat declivity. Front femora 2.2 -2.55 X as long as wide. Fore
wing with SMC2 nearly twice as wide as high, the second intercubital vein
straight, sloping slightly. Hind wing with the anal vein arching up to meet
the median vein slightly basal of the origin of the cubitus.

Male. — Length 6-8 mm. Black, except as follows: posterior margin of
pronotum with a narrow to broad yellowish-white band; T2 and T3 each with
a pair of large whitish spots (sometimes also 14), apical tergite with a whitish
spot; tibiae with a whitish streak on the outer side toward the base (streaks
on front and middle tibiae sometimes reduced, even absent); tibial spurs whit-
ish. Wings hyaline or lightly infuscated, usually with a darker band on outer
margin of fore wing. Pubescence silvery over much of head and thorax; pos-
terior slope of propodeum with coarse, semi-erect silvery pubescence. Clypeus
1.75 X as broad as high, its apical margin rounded. MID .62 X TED; eyes
convergent at the top, UID .80-.90 X MID; front with the punctures quite
distinct and well separated, front slightly depressed along the upper eye mar-
gins, in front of the anterior ocellus, and laterad of the posterior ocelli, the
ocellar triangle itself slightly elevated. POL slightly exceeding OOL. An-
tennae of moderate length, segments 4-12 each 1.3-1.5 X as long as thick.
Propodeum with the slope rather low, almost even or somewhat steepened be-
hind. Terminalia as figured by Bradley (1944, pl. IV, figs. 5, 17) and as de-
scribed further below, under notabilis prolongatus.

Distribution. — Veracruz and Yucatan to Costa Rica. (Map 10.)

Specimens examined. —4 22,3 66. Mexico: 1 2, without
further data [BMNH]. VERACRUZ: 1 ¢, Veracruz, June 1888
(HHS) [BMNH]. Yucatan: 1 ¢, No. part (Gaumer) [BMNH];
1 6, Temax (Gaumer) [BMNH]; 1 ¢, Chichen Itza, June 1929
(JB) [MCZ]. GUATEMALA: 1 ¢, Pt. Barrios, 3-14 March 1905
(J. S. Hine) [MCZ]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢, Santa Ana, July 1923 (F.
Tristan) [ANSP].

Variation. — The single male from Costa Rica is notably darker
than those from Mexico; the white line on the pronotum is very thin,
the spots on the second tergite unusually small, the streaks on the
front and middle tibiae absent, and the spurs decidedly dusky. No
females are known from south of Guatemala, and it will be interest-
ing to learn if the maculations are reduced in this sex. The inter-
grades mentioned above are discussed under notabilis pulchritarsis.

HOWARD E. EVANS 35

Aporus (Aporus) notabilis pulchritarsis (Cameron) new status

Pompilus (Planiceps) pulchritarsis Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen.
II, p. 185 [Type: 2, Mexico: GUERRERO: Chilpancingo, June, 4000
feet (HHS) (BMNH, no. 19, 764) ].

Planiceps bequaerti Banks, 1931, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 26: 131 [Type: 2,
MExico: YUCATAN: Chichen Itza, June 1929 (JB) (MCZ, no. 16,
536)]. New synonym, as an intergrade with n. notabilis (Smith).

Planiceps yavapai Banks, 1933, Psyche, 40: 1 [Type: 2, ARIZONA: Post Creek
Canyon, Pinaleho Mts., Fort Grant, 15-18 July 1917 (JB) (MCZ,
no. 17, 028)]. New synonym.

Aporus (Aporus) bequaerti Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 95
(in part).

Aporus (Aporus) yavapai Bradley, 1944, ibid., pp. 95-96.

Aporus (Aporus) pulchritarsis Bradley, 1944, ibid., p. 97 (listed as unrecog-
nizable).

Melanaporus notabilis Evans, 1951, U. S. Dept. Agri., Monogr. no. 2, p. 922
(¢, Arizona; misidentification).

Although Bradley indicated that the vertex is not sharply mar-
gined in yavapai, I can discern no difference in this regard from the
types of bequaerti and pulchritarsus. The spots on the second ter-
gite of the type of yavapai are small but clearly evident, as they are
in a female from Nayarit. A specimen from the Chiricahua Mts.,
Arizona, has the spots extremely weak and barely noticeable, while
in the other available females they are altogether absent. Yet the
males are always fully maculated, in fact more so than in the Guate-
mala male of n. notabilis mentioned above.

Description of type female. — Length 15 mm.; fore wing 12 mm. Color
black, sides of lower front silvery-sericeous, pubescence otherwise strongly
bluish to violaceous, including the legs; wings fuscous, violaceous. Erect setae
numerous on mandibles, clypeus, front, and front coxae; femora and middle
and hind coxae each with a few setae. Clypeus 3 X as broad as high. MID
.66 X TFD, .82 X HE; UID 1.17 X LID. POL:OOL=9:8; posterior ocelli
removed from vertex crest by about their own diameters. Vertex, in anterior
view, passing straight across between eye tops; crest of vertex rather sharp.
Pronotal disc .8 X as long as its maximum width, 1.35 X as long as meso-
scutum. Front femora strongly incrassate, measuring 1.95 X as long as wide.
Fore wing with marginal cell removed from wing tip by 1.2 X its own length;
SMC2 2.3 X as wide as high, narrowed by somewhat less than half above, the
second intercubital vein straight, slightly oblique.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

56 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Male. — Length 7-11 mm. Color as described for n. notabilis; wings
hyaline, fore wing with a dark band along the outer margin. Pubescence ex-
tensively silvery, coarse and semi-erect on propodeal declivity, somewhat vio-
laceous at least on sides of propodeum. Eyes tending to converge more above
than in n. notabilis, UID .86-.93 X MID; punctures of front all very minute,
front scarcely impressed at upper eye margins and ocelli as described for the
nominate subspecies. Antennae as in n. notabilis, segments 4-12 each meas-
uring from 1.20 to 1.45 X as long as thick. Propodeum rather high and
weakly sloping in front, with a fairly well defined declivity behind. Termi-
nalia as in the other two subspecies.

Distribution. — Southern Arizona to Oaxaca. (Map 10.)

Specimens examined. — 8 22,11 64. ARIZONA: 1 6, West
slope Patagonia Mts., Santa Cruz Co., 9 Aug. 1955 (Butler & Wer-
ner) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, 25 mi. NE of Tucson, 4500 feet, 12 Aug. 1946
(HAS) [OSU]; 1 ¢, Post Creek Canyon, Pinaleno Mts., 15-18 July
1917 (JB) [MCZ]; 1 2°, 5 mi. W. Portal, Chiricahua Mts., 22 Aug.
1958 (R. M. Bohart) [UCD]; 1 ¢@, Sycamore Canyon, nr. Ruby,
16 Aug. 1961 (JB) [UA]; 1 2, Pena Blanca, Santa Cruz Co., 17
Aug. 1961 (JB) [UA]. CxurmuAnuaA: 1 ¢, Catarinas, 5800 feet,
25 July 1947 (CDM) [AMNH]; 1 ¢, Santa Clara Canyon, 5 mi.
W. Parrita, 6 July 1954 (JWM) [CIS]. Duranco: 3 ¢ é, San
Juan del Rio, 7 Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS, MCZ]. Zacatecas: 1 2°,
15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31 July 1951 (PDH) [CIS]. Nayarit:
1 ¢,28 mi. SE Tepic, 26 Aug. 1959 (AM & LS) [UCD]. More os:
1 6,3 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 6500 feet, 26 June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ];
2 6 6, Canyon de Lobos, near Yautepec, 4000 feet, 25 May 1959
(HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 ¢, Cuernavaca, May 1945 (Krauss) [USNM].
GUERRERO: 1 2, Chilpancingo, June (HHS) [BMNH]. Oaxaca:
1 é, Arroyo del Chile, 20 Aug. 1959 (LS & AM) [UCD].

Intergrades between n. notabilis and n. pulchritarsis. — SAN LUIS
Potosi: 1 6, Xilitla, 23 July 1954, 1450 feet [KU]. HmbDAtco: 1 4,
Chapulhuacan, 20 May 1952 (WG) [AMNH]. Yucatan: 1 2,
Chichen Itza, June 1929 (JB) [MCZ].

Variation. — The available females vary somewhat in size (fore
wing from 9.5 to 14 mm.). Three Arizona specimens and one from
Nayarit have small whitish spots on the sides of T2, though the spots
are exceedingly small in the Arizona specimens; the other four speci-
mens are all black.

The female from Yucatan (type of bequaerti) is here considered

HOWARD E. EVANS 7

an intergrade between n. notabilis and notabilis pulchritarsis. In
structure it is a typical notabilis although smaller than average and
with a broader than average head (fore wing only 7 mm.; head 1.17
X as wide as high). In color it is wholly black. It is of course pos-
ible that this specimen represents a distinct species, but this seems
to me unlikely. Males from Hidalgo and from southeastern San
Luis Potosi appear to be intergrades between these same two sub-
species. Both of these are large specimens (fore wing about 10 mm.)
and have the wings clouded over the basal vein and again over the
marginal cell, in addition to the apical band. In these two specimens
the propodeum is shaped as in pulchritarsus, but the eyes more mark-
edly convergent above and the punctures of the upper front quite
distinct, as in notabilis.

Aporus (Aporus) notabilis prolongatus new subspecies

Aporus (Aporus) bequaerti Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 95 (in
part; records from Tamaulipas and Texas).— Evans, 1958, Ent.
News, 69: 149-151 (description of male).

Females from Texas and northeastern Mexico formerly identified
as bequaerti differ in several important ways from the type of that
species. The males have no whitish maculations at all (except for
the spurs) and hence contrast strongly to the males of pulchritarsis
and notabilis. However, the terminalia seem to me identical in the
three forms, and a male intergrade between prolongatus and n. nota-
bilis is known (see below).

Holotype. —?, TEXAS: Cameron Co., Port Isabel, 23-27 June
1956 (on flowers of Avicennia nitida, Evans and Matthews) [MCZ,
NO 30; 959):

Description of type female. — Length 14 mm.; fore wing 10.5 mm. Color
black; pubescence silvery on sides of lower front and clypeus, elsewhere strongly
reflecting bluish; wings fuscous, violaceous. Body with sparse, short erect setae
on front, thoracic dorsum, coxae, and to a limited extent on femora. Clypeus
3.1 X as wide as high. Head 1.06 X as wide as high; MID .65 X TFD, .83
xX HE; UID 1.21 X LID, the eyes thus strongly divergent above. POL:
OOL= 3:2; ocelli in a very broad triangle, posterior ocelli removed from
vertex crest by less than their own diameters, crest of vertex rather sharp.
Pronotal disc unusually long and parallel-sided, its median length equal to its
greatest width; length of disc nearly twice that of mesoscutum. Propodeum
rather long, with a well-defined declivity. Front femora strongly incrassate,

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

58 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

measuring twice as long as wide. Fore wing with the marginal cell about its
own length from the wing tip; SMC2 about twice as wide as high.

Allotype. —é, TEXAS: same data as type [MCZ].

Description of allotype male. — Length 9 mm.; fore wing 8.5 mm. Black,
except front tibial spurs light brown, remaining spurs white; entire body clothed
with coarse silvery pubescence, that on the propodeal declivity long and semi-
erect; wings hyaline, fore wing with a weak apical fuscous band. Whitish
erect setae are present on the scape, front, temples, thorax, and front coxae.
Clypeus 1.7 X as wide as high, its apex rounded. MID .64 XK TFD; eyes
divergent above, UID 1.24 X LID, .92 X MID. POL:OOL=3:2; punctures
of front very minute, front not impressed along upper eye margin and less so
about ocelli than in n. notabilis. Antennal segments 4-12 each about 1.65 X
as long as thick. Propodeum rather long, flat in front and steeply declivous
behind. Emargination of S6 deep, U-shaped. SGP with a median elevation,
tapering to a subacute apex. Genitalia with the parameres shorter than the
digiti, obliquely truncate apically, bearing some long, simple setae; volsella
with simple, relatively short setae at the base and on the digitus, the latter
slender and strap-shaped; aedoeagus shorter than the digiti and parapenial
lobes. (The terminalia have been figured by Evans, 1958.)

Distribution. — Texas and Durango to Veracruz. (Map 10.)

Paratypes. — TEXAS: 1 2,3 6 6, same data as type except one
8 taken 20-23 June 1948 (HEE) [MCZ, CU, USNM]; 1 3, 5 mi.
N Sinton, 7 May 1958 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Brownsville, 17 April
1895 (C.H.T. Townsend) [USNM]. TAMAuLIPAs: 1 2, Reynosa,
20 May 1895 [ANSP]. Nuevo LEon: 3 32 2, Vallecillo, 2-5 June
1951 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]. Duranco: 1 ¢, 14 mi. NW Ceballos,
4100 feet, 10 Sept. 1963 (HAS) [OSU]. VERACRUZ: 2 2 2, 5 mi.
NE Tinajas, 18 Aug. 1963 (FDP, LS) [UCD].

Intergrade between n. prolongatus and n. notabilis. — SAN LUIS
Potosi: 1 ¢, Cuidad del Maiz, 23 Aug. 1954 (RRD) [MSU].

Variation. — The female paratypes are all smaller than the type
(fore wing 8.5-10 mm.), but there are no important structural dif-
ferences. The males vary greatly in size (fore wing 6-11 mm.); the
smaller specimens tend to have the fore wing less distinctly banded
along the apical margin, and also to have relatively shorter antennae.
In some specimens the apical abdominal tergite is suffused with whit-
ish. None of these specimens show any evidence of maculations on
the pronotum, tibiae, or basal abdominal tergites. Variation in
standard measurements is not great.

HOWARD E. EVANS 59

The male from San Luis Potosi listed as an intergrade with n.
notabilis is in fact a perfect intermediate in coloration, having a white
band on the pronotum and a white apical tergite, as in n. notabilis,
but lacking other white spots on the abdomen. That it is an inter-
grade with notabilis rather than with pulchritarsis is suggested by the
relatively even slope of the propodeum and the rather strong punc-
tures of the front.

Map 10

© Aporus (Aporus) n. notabilis (Smith)

@ Aporus (Aporus) n. pulchritarsis Cameron

A Aporus (Aporus) n- prolongatus Evans
©@ @ Intergrades

Aporus (Aporus) idris idris (Cameron) new combination

Pompilus idris Cameron, 1897, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) 19: 375 [Type: °,
Mexico: VERACRUZ: Atoyac, April (HHS) (BMNH, no. 19, 763)].
— Cameron, 1899, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, Suppl., p. 404.

Aporus (Aporus) zapotecus Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 96
[Type: 6, Mexico: Oaxaca: Tuxtepec, Oct. 1933 (M. Fraire)
(USNM, no. 57, 934)]. New synonym.

Odontaporus aureolus Bradley, 1944, ibid., pp. 115-116 [Type: 2, Mexico:
Mexico: “San Rafael Jicoltepec” (? = Jilotepec) (USNM, no. 57,
939)]. New synonym.

This remarkable species of Aporus has evolved a color pattern
strikingly like that of certain species of Psorthaspis, particularly

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

60 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

variegata Smith and formosa Smith; presumably these species form
a Miillerian mimetic complex. The type of idris is a rather small,
faded specimen, but there is no question that Cameron’s species is
the same as Bradley's aureolus. Bradley’s zapotecus male has been
taken at the same time and place as idris on two occasions, and
furthermore there is no other female Aporus with which it might be
associated.

Female. — Length 8-12 mm. Black, T2 with a pair of large white spots,
T4 wholly light orange-brown, TS also of this color except sometimes at api-
cal margin, apical tergite sometimes pale at base and/or apex; pubescence ex-
tensively silvery or somewhat glaucous, but dense and conspicuously orange on
the front, vertex, posterior part of pronotum and all of mesoscutum; pubescence
of scutellum, metanotum, and a semicircular area on front of pronotum nearly
black. Fore wing conspicuously twice-banded, both bands broad but the basal
band not invading the costal cell, the apical band not reaching the outer wing
margin; setulae of wing with a golden sheen in the hyaline areas, especially
between the two dark bands; hind wings hyaline, their apices infuscated.
Lower margin of mandibles with a small tooth. Clypeus rather flat, truncate
apically, 2.5 XK as wide as high. Inner orbits diverging above, UID 1.2 X
LID; vertex passing straight across between eye tops. POL and OOL sub-
equal; posterior ocelli removed from vertex crest by slightly more than their
own diameter. Pronotal disc about 1.7 X as long as mesoscutum. Propodeum
short, with transverse rugae on sides of declivity. Front femora slightly in-
crassate, measuring about 2.5 X as long as wide. Fore wing with SMC2
about twice as broad as high, narrowed by about half above. Hind wing with
anal vein arching up to meet median vein a short distance before origin of
cubitus.

Male. — Length 6-8 mm. Black, posterior margin of pronotum with a
whitish band, apex of abdomen also whitish; pubescence conspicuously silvery
to glaucous over most of body. Wings hyaline, apical third to a fourth of
fore wing clouded, some specimens also with a cloud over the basal and
transverse median veins. Clypeus 1.7 X as wide as high, its apical margin
weakly rounded. Inner orbits strongly divergent above, UID about 1.5 X
LID. POL and OOL nearly equal, the ocellar triangle rather broad, the ver-
tex slightly gibbous within the ocelli triangle. Antennae rather short, seg-
ments 4-12 each 1.05-1.2 X as long as thick. Claws bifid; inner claw of front
tarsus more strongly curved than outer; longer spur of hind tibia about .8 the
length of the basitarsus. SGP rather slender, apex narrowly rounded, the
plate strongly tectiform. Genitalia with the parameres, basis volsellaris, and
digiti all bearing strong clubbed setae; parameres short, apex subtruncate;
digiti much exceeding the parameres but exceeded by the parapenial lobes and
the aedoeagus; parapenial lobes with a short but strong apical expansion (fig.
DI)

HOWARD E. EVANS 61

Distribution. — Central and southern Mexico; British Honduras.
(Map 11.)

Specimens examined. —8 22, 27 66. Oaxaca: 1 ¢, Tux-
tepec, Oct. (M. Fraire) [USNM]. VeERAcruz: 1 2, Atoyac, April
(HHS) [BMNH]: 1 2, 2 é 6, Cordoba, 1 January 1941 (GEB)
[CAS, MCZ]. Mexico: 1 2, Jilotepec [USNM]. Moretos: 1 2,
1 é, Cuernavaca, March, April 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 2 2, 3 mi.
NW Cuernavaca, 6500 feet, May, June 1959 (HEE) [USNM, CU];
iene Cuemavaca 28) Mehy 1962 (ES) [UCD]: 1 ¢, 16
8 6, Canyon de Lobos, nr. Yautepec, 13 March 1959 (HEE) [MCZ,
CU, CIS, USNM]; 6 ¢ 6, 3 mi. N Alpuyeca, 3 April 1959 (HEE)
[MCZ, CU]. British HonpurAs: 1 ¢, Augustine Mt. Pine Ridge,
3-7 July 1963 (CCP) [MCZ].

Aporus (Aporus) idris comptus (Bradley) new combination

Odontaporus comptus Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 116 [Type:
@, PANAMA: Cabina, 21 May 1911 (A. Busck) (USNM, no. 57,
940) ].

The one known female of this form differs but slightly from
idris, and the one presumed male differs scarcely at all. Whether
comptus can be maintained as a distinct subspecies permanently is
doubtful, but until specimens are collected from the countries be-
tween Mexico and Panama Bradley’s name may as well be employed.

Female. — Differs from idris idris in having the distance from the pos-
terior ocelli to the vertex crest equal to slightly less than the diameter of the
ocelli, also in having TS black (although apparently orange-brown basally
where it is overlapped by T4).

Male. — Resembles the male idris idris closely in every respect, including
all details of the terminalia. The one available specimen has the wings slightly
darker than in most males from Mexico before me: the apical two-thirds of
the fore wing is lightly infuscated, with darker areas over the basal vein and
in and below the marginal cell.

Distribution. — Known only from Panama. (Map 11.)

Specimens examined. —1 2,1 6. PANAMA: 1 2, Cabina [type,
USNM]; 1 ¢, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, 8 March 1956
(CWR) [KU].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

62 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Map.

@ Aporus (Aporus) i. idris (Cameron) ot Ewe ws

© Aporus (Aporus) i. comptus (Bradley) i red

A Aporus (Aporus) luxus (Banks) Y “ Bean si
5

(also widely distr. in western U.S.)

Subgenus PLECTRAPORUS Bradley

Aporus (Plectraporus) Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 97-100
[Type species: Planiceps hirsutus Banks, monobasic].

Subgeneric characters. — Female. Inferior margin of mandibles not den-
tate. Clypeus a very short, transverse band. Antennal sockets low, on a level
with bottoms of eyes. Malar space long, longer than second antennal segment
and about two thirds as long as third. Eyes narrow, reaching vertex, not
hairy. Vertex slightly concave as seen from in front, strongly concave as seen
from above. Front tarsi with a series of short, rather wide comb-spines, those
at the apices of segments 1-3 especially strong. Venation of hind wing as in
Neoplaniceps. Body and legs very hairy, the occiput and collar especially
densely hairy.

Male. Claws dentate, the tooth sloping outward somewhat; inner claws
of front tarsus strongly curved, strongly bifid. SGP strongly compressed; geni-
talia with the parameres relatively broad, with a series of setae extending ob-
liquely along the ventral surface, margins without setae.

Distribution. — Western United States and Baja California.
Included species. — Only the type species.

HOWARD E. EVANS 63

Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks)

Planiceps hirsutus Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 99 [Type: 2,
CALIFORNIA: Pasadena, Aug. 1903 (MCZ, no. 10, 008) ]. — Banks,
1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 242. — Williams, 1928, Bull. Exp.
Sta. Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Assoc., Ent. Ser., 19: 135-140 (bi-
ology).

Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 99
(Calif., Nev.). — Evans, 1951, U. S. Dept. Agri. Monogr. 2, p. 922.
— Krombein, 1958, U. S. Dept. Agri. Monogr. 2, Suppl., p. 179
(Ariz. )

Female. — Length 6.5-12.5 mm. _ Black; body, legs, and fore wing ren-
dered by the pubescence a rather brilliant bluish, or sometimes greenish or vio-
laceous; fore wing fuscous, hind wing more lightly infuscated. Antennae very
short. Pronotum very long, nearly parallel-sided, its disc approximately as
long as wide. Front femora strongly swollen, measuring 2.0-2.3 X as long as
wide. Body and legs very hairy, the amount of hair somewhat variable, most
specimens even with a few erect hairs on the basal tarsal segments.

Male. — Length 3-8 mm. Black; color of pubescence very variable, some-
times almost wholly bluish or violaceous, in other specimens extensively brown-
ish and/or silvery; wings hyaline to moderately infuscated, fore wing with a
darker marginal band. Antennae moderately elongate, segments 4-12 each
1.2-1.5 XK as long as wide. Longer spur of hind tibia .7-.8 the length of the
basitarsus. Terminalia as described under subgenus; genitalia figured by Brad-
ley, 1944, pl. IV, fig. 19.

Distribution. — Oregon and Idaho to Arizona and Baja Cali-
fornia. The species has not previously been recorded from the first ~
two states, but there are specimens in the MCZ from Tumalo, Ore.,
and specimens in the University of Idaho collection from Shoshone,
Idaho. In Arizona the species is not known to occur east of Topoc
and Phoenix. (Map 8.)

Mexican specimens examined. —16 22, 1 &. BAJA CALI-
FORNIA: 13 2 2, Descanso, 1 Sept. 1955 (RMB) [UCD, MCZ]; 1
8 , Sierra San Pedro Martir, La Grulla, 6500 feet, 1 June 1958 (JP)
[CIS]; 1 2°, El Progreso, Sierra Juarez Mts., 10 Sept. 1958 (Truxal
and Northern) [LACM]; 2 2 °, Cabo San Lucas, 16 March 1953
(P. H. Arnaud) [CAS].

Genus CHELAPORUS Bradley

Chelaporus Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 116-118 [Type species:
Pedinaspis anomala Banks, monobasic and original designation].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

64 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Generic characters. — Female. Length 9-16 mm. Color black. Man-
dibles with two small teeth on inner margin; lower margin not dentate. Cly-
peus not quite as wide as lower front, rather flat, its upper and lower mar-
gins subparallel. Antennal sockets slightly above bottoms of eyes. Eyes not
hairy. Vertex extending slightly above eye tops and well above posterior
ocelli. Pronotum moderately long, anteriorly descending gradually to slightly
lower plane of collar. Postnotum concealed dorsally; propodeum without
rugae. Middle coxae well separated from one another, also the hind coxae,
leaving a fairly broad sternal plate between them. Front femora slightly in-
crassate; claws dentate. Fore wing with SMC2 large, much narrowed above
by the convergence of the intercubital veins, receiving both recurrent veins, the
second at a considerable distance from the apex. Hind wing with the anal
vein straight, the transverse median vein leaving it at an angle and reaching
the median vein well basad of the origin of the cubitus; transverse median vein
slightly arched (fig. 4).

Male. Length 5-9 mm. Color black, the wings hyaline. Mandibles with
a single large tooth on the inner margin. Anterior margin of clypeus weakly
convex. Vertex distinctly humped in the ocellar triangle. Front tarsal claws
bifid, the inner ones much more curved than the outer ones; remaining claws
dentate, but the tooth sloping outward slightly; last segment of front tarsus
symmetrical. Wing venation as in female. SGP slender, keeled, its apex
deeply cleft. Genitalia of unusual form, the parameres very large, greatly ex-
panded apically; digiti wholly covered with small setae, exceeding the rather
small parapenial lobes; aedoeagus very small.

Distribution. — Eastern and Central Mexico to Texas.

Included species. — Only the type species, anomalus (Banks).

Remarks. — This striking genus departs considerably from other
Aporini, particularly with respect to the thoracic venter of the female
and the terminalia of the male. The large second submarginal cell
and the distinct transverse median vein of the hind wing suggest that
the genus may have evolved from a primitive stock of Aporini.

Chelaporus anomalus (Banks)

Pedinaspis anomala Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 100 [Type: 2,
Texas: Coryell Co. (G. Birkmann) (MCZ no. 10, 010)].
Chelaporus anomalus Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 117-118. —

Evans, 1951, U. S. Dept. Agri., Monogr. 2, p. 922.

Female. — Length 9-16 mm. Black, wholly covered with brilliant dark
bluish or blue-green pubescence; fore wings fuscous, with weak coppery re-
flections; hind wings subhyaline. Erect hairs sparse, short and inconspicuous
except on temples, front coxae, and tip of abdomen; front femora slightly
hairy; propodeum not hairy. Inner orbits diverging above, UID much ex-

HOWARD E. EVANS 65

ceeding LID; ocelli in a broad triangle, posterior ocelli far removed from
vertex crest. Vertex not sharp, elevated somewhat above eye tops, as seen
from in front slightly concave on the midline. Front femora about 2.7 X as
long as wide. SMC2 2.5 X as wide as high, narrowed by about two thirds
above (fig. 4). Abdomen weakly compressed, first tergite strongly convex,
its anterior face nearly vertical.

Male. — Length 5-9 mm. Black, entirely covered with fine silvery pubes-
cence; erect setae largely absent except on propleura; wings hyaline, membrane
and setulae rather pale, veins brown. Clypeus about twice as broad as high.
Inner orbits diverging strongly above. Antennae rather compact, segments 4-
12 each about 1.2 X as long as wide, as seen from inner side slightly imbricate.
Ocelli unusually small, posterior ocelli not close to vertex crest. Legs not very
spinose; longer spur of hind tibia .75 X length of basitarsus. Venation as in
female except SMC2 tending to be somewhat shorter (2.0-2.4 X as wide as
high). Terminalia as described under generic diagnosis and as figured by
Bradley, 1944, pl. IV, figs. 6 and 9-11.

Distribution. — States of Veracruz and Mexico north to Chi-
huahua and to central Texas. (Map 12.)

Specimens examined. — 24 22,18 6 46. VERACRUZ: 1 6, La
Gloria Cardel, Jan. 1938 (J. Camelo) [USNM]; 1 ¢, 2 ¢ 4, Vera-
eruz- 20 June 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ,; CIS]. Mrxico: 3 92 2,
“San Rafael Jicoltepec” (?=Jilotepec) [USNM, ANSP]. DuRANGo:
2 68, 14 mi. NW Ceballos, 4100 feet, 10 Sept. 1963 (HAS)
[OSU]; 1 2, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS]. Srna-
LOA: 2 6 6, 8 mi. S Elota, 2 July 1963 (FDP, LS) [UCD]. Cnr-
HUAHUA: 1 2, Catarinas, 5800 feet, 25 July 1947 (MC) [AMNH];
1 2,2 8 8, 16 mi. SE Chihuahua, 11 July 1947 (MC) [AMNH].
Nuevo LEon: 1 2, 50 mi. SE Monterrey, 1700 feet, 13 Oct. 1957
(HAS) [OSU]; 1 ¢, Vallecillo, 2-5 June 1950 (HEE) [MCZ].
TAMAULIPAS: 1 ?, 2 mi. N El Limon, 7 June 1961 [KU]. TEXAs:
3 2 2, Los Almos Creek, Kenedy Co., 18 June 1949 (HEE) [MCZ];
3 29,4 66,5 mi. N Sinton, 7 May 1958 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1
8, Gillette, 25 July 1917 [MCZ]; 1 2°, Coryell Co. [type, MCZ]; 4
2 2,5 mi. W Cypress Mills, Blanco Co., 4 July 1949 (HEE) [MCZ,
CU]; 1 2, Bastrop State Park, Bastrop Co., 19 June 1956 (HEE)
[MCZ]; 1 ¢, Fedor, Lee Co., 27 May 1904 (G. Birkmann) [MCZ];
ic ebcxar Con linscpi Osi CAS|E ler 11d. Llano: Go; June,
July [MCZ]; 1 3, 3 mi. E Presidio, 1-3 May 1963 (HEE) [MCZ].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

66 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

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Genus ALLAPORUS Banks

Allaporus Banks, 1933, Psyche, 40: 2 [Type species: Planiceps pulchella Banks,
original designation]. — Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70:
118-121. — Evans, 1950, Ent. News, 61: 1-5. — Evans, 1953, Jour.
Kansas Ent. Soc., 26: 26-31 (Mexican spp.). |

Generic characters. — Female. Length 3-9 mm. Black, often partly
rufous. Mandibles with two small teeth on inner margin; lower margin not
dentate. Clypeus not as wide as LID. Antennal sockets slightly above a line
drawn between bottoms of eyes. Eyes not hairy. Pronotum moderately long.
Propodeum with a well-defined, rather flat, oblique declivity. Front femora
not or slightly incrassate. Claws dentate. Fore wing with marginal cell slender
and acute; two SMCs present, the second receiving both recurrent veins. Hind
wing with transverse median vein leaving anal vein at an angle, reaching
median vein far basad of origin of cubitus; anal lobe slender, deeply separated
from remainder of wing (fig. 5).

Male. Length 2.5-8 mm. Entirely black. Mandibles with two small
teeth on inner margin. Claws dentate except inner claws of front tarsi bifid;
apical segment of front tarsus symmetrical. Wing venation as in female. Ab-
domen compressed apically, SGP compressed. Genitalia with parameres
shorter than digiti, more or less truncate apically; digiti simple, with small
setae; basal hooklets single: parapenial lobes strong, compressed; aedoeagus
very slender.

HOWARD E. EVANS 67

Distribution. — Southern Mexico to southern United States
(north to Pennsylvania and to Oregon).

Included species. — This genus is now known to include eight
species, all of which are considered below. Most of the species are
rare in collections, and it is probable that other species remain to be
discovered.

Remarks. — This is a genus of minute wasps which probably at-
tack some type of small, burrowing spider. These wasps are almost
never taken on flowers, but they sometimes come to honeydew in
considerable numbers. The males are especially difficult to sep-
arate, and the key presented below for this sex is far from satisfactory.
In the past few years I have accumulated fairly good series of males
of several species, and study of these convinces me that the geni-
talia are of very limited value in separating species. Characters such
as those I discussed and figured in 1953 seem subject to much intra-
specific variation, particularly the shape of the parameres.

The key which follows includes all known species of Allaporus;
all of them probably occur in Mexico, but at present two are known
only from southwestern United States. Of the eight species, one is
known from the female only, one from the male only.

Key to Species
Females

1. Fore wings not twice banded, though often darker on apical third than
basally -sabdomenwgnotsbancledienceecrniretntencesessece ste eceeeeceereeeeeeecenceeeneee 2

Fore wings conspicuously twice-banded, one band or spot over the basal
vein, another covering much of the apical third of wing; abdominal ter-

gites (at least in part) obscurely dark-banded apically .......................- 5

2. Fore wings wholly fuscous, violaceous; body wholly black, rendered by the
pubescence a rich, deep blue; body and legs with numerous dark erect

SOLA CMe esacet eee tececaeee vss sues stele caasecenisedsnvvicssabaccorsecieatituceuusesl sadess toltecus Evans

Fore wings lightly infuscated on basal half or more, not violaceous; abdo-
men usually rufous, body in any case not rendered bluish by the pubes-
cence; body setae very sparse and inconspicuous, legs (except front
COKAE) awit Ouitase tale w er cesseses saree ace eee ee nee ese saewe cde es Pedros aaasatanecezonecsntet 3

3. Mandibles relatively short and broad, apical half obliquely flattened and
polished; clypeus rather flat, only about twice as broad as high; crest of
vertex: rather Shap cece: -c-ce-0-6-ceceesseneecesasoeseesse ss smithianus (Cameron)

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

68 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Mandibles more elongate and not modified as above; clypeus slightly con-
vex, 2.5-3 X as broad as high; crest of vertex not especially sharp ...... 4

4. First abscissa of radius of hind wing very short and nearly vertical (fig.
5); first abscissa of cubitus of hind wing forming nearly a straight line

with intercubital vein; propodeum without rugae; size small, fore wing
MEASUTIMNG 2-4 mM cee eee eee eee ee pulchellus (Banks)

First abscissa of radius of hind wing longer and more arched; first abscissa

of cubitus longer, strongly arched before its junction with intercubital

vein; propodeum weakly transversely rugose; size larger, fore wing meas-

{Ub Uo zara 0 yS.81 000 01 Paneer ence tore oe asaccsecooc soceceeeseecarnactace rufiventris (Cresson)

5. Abdomen black, with silvery pubescence except tergites banded with darker
pubescence preapically; hind wing with first abscissa of cubital vein
forming nearly a straight line with intercubital vein .... elegantulus Evans
Abdomen in large part rufous; hind wing with first abscissa of cubitus dis-
tinctly arched before its junction with intercubital vein .....................- 6

6. Outer band of fore wing covering entire outer third of wing; pubescence of
head and thorax silvery, grading into light brown dorsally; clypeus 1.8

X as broad as high, rather flat, subrectangular .......... fascipennis Evans
Outer band of fore wing not reaching outer margin, which is narrowly sub-
hyaline; head and thorax with conspicuous golden pubescence; clypeus

2.7 X as broad as high, its sides oblique, somewhat rounded .....................

BO rere cree ere ere oreo oe areca ercroor i ococnesconcosacbogsocaseod aurulentus new species

Males

1. Relatively large, dark species; fore wing at least 5 mm.; wings lightly to
moderately infuscated; pubescence dark over a considerable part of the
body; SGP relatively broad, rounded apically .................:ccccccesesesereeeees 2

Relatively smaller and more lightly colored species; fore wing rarely as
much as 5 mm. long; pubescence silvery, cinereous, or light brown over
most of body; wings subhyaline to hyaline, sometimes clouded apically

2. Pubescence in large part bluish-refulgent; front, thoracic dorsum and pleura,
propodeum, and basal parts of legs with numerous dark erect setae ......

RE ee ooo Ra EG ace oe Boao aad ee BECE acct sonempactoddonooensecseuiad toltecus Evans
Pubescence not at all bluish; body setae very much sparser and less con-
spicuous than above, propodeum not at all hairy ........ fumipennis n. sp.

3. Antennae extremely compact, not more than about twice as long as TFD,
segments 4-12 each not or but slightly longer than thick; wings almost

GIGEIE INVA _coscobooan.osc6nanAbsocaqnSs5090q9accesda002¢6000000650000 900enHeaCaDoDaSEEaDOHHDSDEDHONEC 4
Antennae more elongate, more than twice as long as TFD, segments 4-12
each about 1.2-1.4 X as long as thick; fore wings more or less clouded

Ap Calllliy: Aeeessse coed Se sos seeecesssccetunrten sgusteesss sosuateameneupeos succes dvcetes cebesyscnates conatanmete 5

HOWARD E. EVANS 69

4. Crest of vertex rather sharp, posterior surface of head flat or somewhat
concave; SGP very slender and attenuate apically .................s::00:00eeeseeeeeee

Bee RE eee en eR eRe Dh tes ed ieee f settee cid, smithianus (Cameron)
Crest of vertex not at all sharp, head not concave or especially flat behind;
SGP less attenuate than above ...............ccccccseeseeeeees rufiventris (Cresson)

5. First abscissa of cubitus of hind wing forming nearly a straight line with
the intercubital vein, which slopes strongly; apical fourth of digiti largely
Mevoidwotese tacure crete erences ce cain tea oem te tie ee een seacauesaees pulchellus (Banks)

First abscissa of cubitus of hind wing long and strongly arched before
meeting the intercubital vein, which is more erect; fore wing often with

a very weak Spot over the basal Vet -222cccccsccecsnese0--ecceeeececccceeeseessosssenee 6

6. Wings completely hyaline: second submarginal cell quadrangular although
MARLOW CUGADOVE eeaherectece secs cme ate cscs cree ton sane ceieccoasaaeanestueissl fascipennis Evans

Fore wing distinctly clouded apically; second submarginal cell triangular

(CHES NSEIE IV) gapsaacsuoncanoescooscbcadecodoocas cca aacneneecpono nee seaaroan ce aurulentus n. sp.

Allaporus toltecus Evans

Allaporus toltecus Evans, 1953, Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc., 26: 31 [Type: ¢,
Mexico: Mexico: Teotihuacan Pyramids, 7500 feet, 15 June 1951
(PDH) (CAS)].

This species was described from a single male. I have since col-
lected a female which undoubtedly belongs to the same species. Both
sexes are readily recognized by the bluish pubescence and the abun-
dant dark setae.

Plesiallotype. —?, MExIco: MORELOs: 4 mi. E Cuernavaca,
6000 feet, 25 June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ].

Description of plesiallotype female. — Length 8.8 mm.; fore wing 7 mm.
Body and legs black, rendered by the pubescence a rich, dark bluish; mandibles
mostly rufous; fore wings wholly fuscous, violaceous; hind wings subhyaline
basally, somewhat infuscated apically. Temples, propleura, and front coxae
with abundant dark setae; front, vertex, thoracic dorsum and pleura, propo-
deum, and middle and hind coxae sparsely short-setose; front femora with a
few short setae; abdomen sparsely setose ventrally and apically. Mandibles
Trelatively slender, unmodified, with two small teeth on the inner margin. Cly-
peus 2.5 X as wide as high, apex subtruncate, with a narrowly elevated, shin-
ing margin. Head 1.1 X as wide as high; MID .66 X TED, 1.12 X LID, .90
X HE; UID .87 X LID. POL:OOL=13:10; distance from posterior ocelli
to vertex crest .7 X POL. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about
26:6:14:17, segment three twice as long as thick, .3 X UID. Vertex passing
nearly straight across between tops of eyes, not at all sharply margined; spatium
frontale prominent, perpendicularly declivous between antennal sockets. Pro-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

70 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

notal disc .65 X as long as wide, 1.5 X as long as mesoscutum. Propodeum
relatively short and with an oblique, nearly flat declivity, without a trace of
rugae. Front femora not incrassate, measuring 3 X as long as wide; longer
spur of hind tibia .55 X as long as basitarsus. Fore wing with basal vein
arising slightly basad of transverse median vein, its lower section strongly
arched; SMC2 1.6 X as wide as high, narrowed by .6 above. Hind wing with
first abscissa of cubitus long and strongly arched before junction with inter-
cubital vein, first abscissa of radial vein also relatively long and arcuate before
meeting intercubital vein. Apex of abdomen moderately compressed.

Male.— Length 6 mm. Black; wings lightly, rather evenly infuscated.
Pubescence in large part reflecting dark bluish, on the lower head, sides of the
thorax, coxae, and posterior slope of the propodeum silvery. Body with dark
erect setae distributed much as in female. Front broad, eyes divergent above,
UID 1.2 X LID; POL and OOL subequal. Third antennal segment 1.2 X as
long as thick. Wings about as in female. SGP moderately broad; genitalia
with the parameres considerably shorter than digiti, the latter with very small
setae.

Distribution. — Central Mexico, 6000 to 7500 feet. (Map 13.)
Specimens examined. —1 2, 2 646. Mexico: 2 é ¢, Teoti-
huacan Pryamids, 7500 feet, June, Aug. (PDH, RRD) [CAS, MSU].
MoreELos: 1 2, 4 mi. E Cuernavaca; 6000 feet, June (HEE) [MCZ].

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() Allaporus toltecus Evans a C /
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A Allaporus elegantulus Evans ( ~ A sé rv
A Allaporus aurulentus Evans nN eG Arh
B Allaporus fascipennis Evans ¢

HOWARD E. EVANS 71

Allaporus fumipennis new species

Holotype. — 6, MExiIco: CHIAPAS: San Cristobal de las Casas,
25 April 1959, 7500 feet elevation (HEE) [MCZ, no. 30, 960].

Description of type male. — Length 6 mm.; fore wing 5 mm. Entirely
black; pubescence brownish, non-metallic, inconspicuous, grading into silvery
on lower pleura, coxae, posterior half of propodeum, and basal parts of basal
abdominal tergites. Front, vertex, temples, propleura, and thoracic dorsum
very sparsely short-setose. Fore wing wholly moderately infuscated except
basal cell subhyaline and with a hyaline streak extending irregularly downward
from base of stigma; hind wing subhyaline. Mandibles slender, unspecialized.
Clypeus about twice as broad as high, margin truncate. Head 1.12 X as wide
as high; front broad, MID .66 X TFD, 1.20 X LID, subequal to HE; UID
1.10 X LID. POL and OOL subequal; front angle of ocellar triangle greater
than a right angle. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 27:12:
14:17, segment three 1.2 X as long as thick, segment four and following seg-
ments (except last) about 1.3 X as long as thick. Pronotum weakly obtusely
angulate behind. Propodeum with unusually coarse sculpturing consisting of
fine reticulations superimposed on an alutaceous background. Longer spur of
hind tibia .9 the length of the basitarsus. Fore wing with basal vein arising
well basad of transverse median vein, its lower section weakly arched; mar-
ginal cell slender, separated from wing tip by 1.35 X its own length; SMC2
1.5 X as broad as high, narrowed by two-thirds above. Abdomen slender,
cylindrical. SGP very broad for the genus, its apex rounded. Genitalia with
the parameres rather blunt, much shorter than the digiti, the latter covered
with strong setae over most of their surface.

Paratype. —é, Mexico: PUEBLA: 14 mi. E Huachinango, 17
June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].

Variation. — The paratype is very similar to the type in size and
structure. Aside from a small amount of silvery pubescence on the
coxae, the entire body is brownish-pubescent, even the propodeal
slope. The longer spur of the hind tibia measures .82 X the basi-
tarsus. This specimen was described at greater length by me in
1953 (Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc., 26: 30), where it was misidentified
as the male of mexicanus.

Distribution. — Known only from the two specimens cited above,
both collected in openings in pine forest at moderately high altitudes.
(Map 13.)

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

T2 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Allaporus smithianus (Cameron) new combination

Pompilus (Aporus) smithianus Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II,
pp. 191-192, pl. XI, fig. 9 [Type: 2, Mexico: VERACRUZ: Atoyac,
May (HHS) (BMNH no. 19, 761)].

Allaporus amabilis Evans, 1950, Ent. News, 61: 2-3 [Type: 2, CALIFORNIA:
Potwisha, Tulare Co., 2 June 1929 (E. C. Van Dyke) (CAS) ]. —
Evans, 1953, Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc., 26: 30-31 (Texas, Durango,
Zacatecas; description of ¢). New synonym.

The specialized mandibles of smithianus separate it from all other
known species and suggest it may be a predator on some particular
type of trap-door spider. The species is widely distributed but ap-
parently uncommon. I have studied the type of smithianus and feel
there is no question that Cameron’s name is a senior synonym of
amabilis.

Description of type female. — Length 7 mm.; fore wing 4.6 mm. Head
and thorax black, abdomen wholly rufous except base of T1 black; greater
part of mandibles and apical margin of clypeus rufous; legs black; fore wings
moderately infuscated, slightly darker around basal vein and second inter-
cubital vein, with an irregular pale streak passing from base of stigma nearly
to posterior wing margin; hind wings subhyaline, slightly darker apically.
Erect setae largely absent except for a few on the front coxae and the tip of
the abdomen; pubescence silvery on lower front, sides of thorax, and entire
propodeum, on sides of propodeum rather dense and conspicuous. Mandibles
broad and short, lower margin roundly produced about midway, upper sur-
face obliquely flattened and polished on apical half. Clypeus twice as broad
as high, much narrower than face, its apical margin truncate, disc rather flat
below. Head 1.15 X as broad as high; MID .62 X TFD, 1.05 X LID, .86
X HE; UID .75 X LID. POL:OOL=9:8, distance from posterior ocelli to
vertex crest equal to about two-thirds X POL. First four antennal segments
in a ratio of about 10:3:7:7, segment three .47 X UID. Vertex passing straight
across a short distance above eye tops, crest of vertex rather sharp; front not
strongly convex, spatium frontale not prominent. Pronotal disc .7 as long as
its maximum width, 1.45 X as long as mesoscutum; disc elevated only slightly
above collar. Propodeum with a rather abrupt, oblique declivity, surface with
small, rather irregular rugae. Front femora not incrassate, 3.5 XK as long as
wide; longer spur of hind tibiae half as long as basitarsus. Fore wing with
basal vein arising well basad of transverse median vein, lower section of basal
vein strongly arched; marginal cell narrow, acute, separated from wing tip by
1.5 X its own length; SMC2 1.5 X as wide as high, narrowed by three-fourths
above. Hind wing with first abscissa of cubitus rather long and strongly
arched before its junction with the intercubital vein, the latter not strongly
oblique. Apex of abdomen weakly compressed.

HOWARD E. EVANS 133

Male. — Length 4-5 mm. Black; wings clear hyaline or almost so; body
pubescence extensively silvery; erect setae nearly absent. Mandibles relatively
short, weakly obliquely flattened apically. Clypeus about twice as broad as
high. Antennae very compact, segments 4-12 each 1.0-1.1 X as long as thick,
entire antenna not more than about twice as long as TFD. Posterior ocelli
removed from vertex crest by 1-2 X their own diameters, vertex crest relatively
sharp, the posterior surface of the head flat or slightly concave. Longer spur
of hind tibia as long as the basitarsus. Venation as in female. SGP very
slender and attenuate. Genitalia with the digiti relatively slender, with rather
strong setae except at extreme apex.

Distribution. — Central Mexico to southern Texas, Arizona, and
California. (Map 14.)

Specimens examined. —9 2 2,3 66. VERACRUZ: 1 2, Ato-
yac, May (HHS) [type, BMNH]; 1 2, 30 mi. S Acayucan, 21 Apr.
1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Moretos: 1 3, 2 mi. S Alpuyeca, 3000 feet,
19 June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. Zacatecas: 1 ¢, 15 km. E Som-
brerete, 28-31 July 1951 (PDH) [CIS]. DuRANGco: 1 2, 8 mi. S
Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. SINALoA: 1 2, 9 mi. E
Chupaderos, 19 Mch. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Texas: 1 2, Laredo,
25 May 1944 [USNM]; 1 ¢, El Paso, 16 June 1944, “Mexico City
via Monterrey, Anderson Field” [USNM]; 1 2, Brooks Co., 25 July
(L. D. Beamer) [KU]. ARiIzoNA: 1 ¢, Cochise Co., 5 mi. W Por-
tal, 18 Aug. 1959, 5400 feet (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 3, 12 mi. W Tuc-
son, 8 May 1961, 3000 feet (RHP) [MCZ]. CALIFORNIA: 2 2 ¢,
Tulare Co., Potwisha, 2000-5000 feet, June, July (E. C. Van Dyke)
[CAS, USNM].

Variation. — In the male from Zacatecas, which I described in
1953, the parameres are nearly as long as the digiti and almost acute
apically. In the more recently collected Morelos and Arizona males,
the parameres are very much shorter and are abruptly, squarely trun-
cate apically. In the females the color of the legs varies from wholly
rufous to wholly black; in some specimens the apex of the abdomen
is not notably compressed.

Allaporus rufiventris (Cresson)

Aporus rufiventris Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 4: 207 [Type: 2°,
Texas (G. W. Belfrage) (ANSP, No. 435)].— Bequaert, 1919,
Psyche, 26: 121.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

74 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

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Java

Aporus minimus Cresson, 1872, ibid., p. 207 [Type: ¢, TExas (G. W. Bel-
frage) (ANSP, no. 434)]. Synonym by Bradley, 1944.

Pompilus minimus Dalla Torre, Cat. Hymen., 8: 302.

Pompilus rufiventricosus Dalla Torre, ibid., p. 308 (n. name for rufiventris,
preoccupied in Pompilus).

Allaporus rufiventris Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 120-121 Gn
part).

Allaporus mexicanus Evans, 1950, Ent. News, 61: 3-4 [Type: 2, Mexico:
MoreELos: Cuernavaca, May 1945 (N.L.H. Krauss) (USNM, no.
59, 479) ]. — Evans, 1951, U. S. Dept. Agri., Monogr. 2, p. 922. —
Evans, 1953, Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc., 26: 29-30. New synonym.

When naming mexicanus, I accepted Bradley’s statement that
rufiventris was the same as Banks’ pulchellus. An examination of
Cresson’s types shows that both rufiventris and minimus are the same
species as mexicanus, leaving Banks’ pulchellus as the earliest name
for the widely distributed U. S. species which has usually been called
rufiventris. Incidentally, the male I assigned to mexicanus in 1953
I am now quite sure was incorrectly placed; it is here reassigned to
fumipennis new species. The males here assigned to this species are

HOWARD E. EVANS WS

characterized by unusually compact antennae and hyaline wings; they
differ from males of smithianus only in minor details, as indicated in
the key.

Female. — Length 6-9 mm. Head and thorax black, abdomen rufous,
middle and hind legs black or more or less rufous; fore wing lightly infuscated,
darker on apical fourth. Mandibles not specialized; vertex moderately sharp,
less so than in smithianus; front relatively flat as compared to pulchellus.
Clypeus nearly three times as broad as high. Propodeum elongate, sides of
declivity with weak transverse rugae. Front femora slightly to moderately
incrassate, measuring 2.6-3.2 X as long as thick. Wing venation as described
for smithianus. Abdomen not notably compressed apically.

Male. — Length 3.6-5 mm. Black; wings almost clear hyaline, fore wing
actually very weakly darkened on apical fourth; pubescence extensively silvery;
erect setae almost totally absent. Mandibles unmodified; clypeus about 1.8
X as wide as high. Antennae very compact, segments 4-12 each 1.0-1.1 X
as long as thick, entire antenna measuring less than twice TFD. Posterior
ocelli separated from vertex crest by approximately their own diameters, the
vertex crest slightly more rounded than in smithianus; head not concave behind.
Longer spur of hind tibia nearly as long as basitarsus. Fore wing in all avail-
able specimens with the SMC2 fairly wide above; hind wing with first abscissa
of cubitus long and strongly arched before junction with the intercubital vein,
which is much less sloping than in pulchellus. SGP of moderate breadth,
tapering to a narrowly rounded apex. Genitalia with the parameres club-
shaped, abruptly truncate, much shorter than digiti, the latter covered with
rather strong setae except on apical fifth.

Distribution. — This species ranges from Morelos and Michoa-
can to Texas and southeastern Arizona. (Map 14.)

Specimens examined. —10 22, 7 66. MORELOS: 2 2 2,
Cuernavaca, April, May (HEE, N. L. H. Krauss) [MCZ, USNM];
1 2, 4 mi. E Cuernavaca, 29 June 1959, 6000 feet (HEE) [CU];
1 2,2 64, 3 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 7-17 June 1959, 6500 feet
(HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 ¢, Canyon de Lobos, nr. Yautepec, 13 March
o> Oe GHEE) sCWi= 253s o-) WassEstacasy 3000 feet, @ April’ 11959
(HEE) [MCZ]; 1 2°, Alpuyeca, 27 June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 2
2 2,3 mi. N Alpuyeca, 3400 feet, 30 March, 18 April 1959 (HEE)
[MCZ, CU]. MicHoacan: 1 ¢, Morelia, 11 Feb. 1954 (RRD)
[MSU]. Texas: 1 2°, Brownsville, 8 June 1937 (R. H. Crandall)
[CU]; 1 ¢, 1 ¢ [? Bosque Co.} (Belfrage) [ANSP]. ARIZONA: 1
2, Cochise Co., 5 mi. W Portal, 5400 feet, 3 Aug. 1959 (HEE)
[MCZ].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

76 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Allaporus pulchellus (Banks)

Planiceps pulchella Banks, 1910, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 18: 123 [Type: 2,
ViRGINIA: Falls Church, 21 July (NB) (MCZ, no. 13, 705)].

Planiceps hesperus Banks, 1929, Psyche, 36: 327 [Type: 2, CALIFORNIA: Lone
Mt., San Francisco, 4 July 1920 (FXW) (MCZ, no. 16, 235)].

Allaporus pulchellus Banks, 1933, Psyche, 40: 2.

Allaporus hesperus Banks, 1933, ibid., p. 2.

Allaporus rufiventris Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 120-121 (in
part). — Evans, 1950, Ent. News, 61: 1-4. — Evans, 1951, U. S.
Dept. Agri. Monogr. 2, p. 922. — Krombein, 1952, Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash., 54: 177 (West Virginia). — Evans, 1953, Jour. Kansas Ent.
Soc., 26: 26-27 (Mexican records). Misidentification.

Euplaniceps aquilonaris Dreisbach, 1952, Ent. News, 63: 95 [Type: 4, CaLt-
FORNIA: Santa Clara Co., Stanford Univ., 29 Sept. 1950 (P. H.
Arnaud) (MCZ, no. 29, 313)].

Female. — Length 3.5-5.8 mm. Head and thorax black, abdomen rufous
except black in some central California specimens; legs varying from wholly
black to wholly rufous; scape and apical margin of clypeus occasionally ru-
fous; wings subhyaline, fore wings distinctly darker on apical third. Pubes-
cence extensively silvery or cinereous; erect setae very sparse and inconspic-
uous. Mandibles unspecialized; clypeus nearly 3 X as broad as high; front
convex in profile, spatium frontale prominent; vertex not at all sharply mar-
gined. Propodeum without transverse rugae (except rugae weakly developed
in Occasional specimens). Front femora weakly incrassate, measuring 2.8-3.3
X as long as thick. Fore wing with SMC2 small and much narrowed above,
but not usually triangular; outer discoidal cell higher than wide; hind wing
with first abscissa of radial short, nearly vertical, first abscissa of cubitus re-
latively short, forming nearly a straight line with the strongly oblique inter-
cubital vein (fig. 5). Abdomen usually not notably compressed apically.

Male. — Length 2.8-5.5 mm. Black, extensively covered with silvery pu-
bescence, erect setae nearly absent; wings subhyaline, apical third of fore wing
slightly infuscated in most specimens. Mandibles unmodified; clypeus ap-
proximately twice as broad as high. Antennae elongate for the genus, more
than twice as long as TFD; segments 4-12 each 1.2-1.4 X as long as thick.
Crest of vertex strongly rounded, not at all sharp. Longer spur of hind tibia
.8-.9 the length of the basitarsus. Venation as in female. SGP of moderate
breadth, tapering to a narrowly round apex (not differing significantly from
that of rufiventris). Genitalia similar to those of rufiventris, but the parameres
tending to be slightly less swollen and less strongly setose, the digiti also with
somewhat weaker setae.

Distribution. — Southern Mexico north to Oregon, Texas, and
Pennsylvania. (Map 15.)

HOWARD E. EVANS Wi

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? { i | j hae ee ig ce
cot j i Syne wal i fi | \ \ \.
AN i Ss t | \ \
a { = | \ a
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q ( i j
) \ d aa \ SNS =
( SR
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2Nhap bg en y
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= C g ) os 3 A
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Map 15 ‘ fh { . u%
0 1 asa
@ Allaporus pulchellus (Banks) x pen i=
(also transcontinental in U.S.) { ee

Mexican specimens examined. — 11 2 2,38 6 6. CAMPECHE:
3 646, 10 mi. N Hopelchen, 17 Apr. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Mor-
ELOS: 1 2, 7 & 6, Cuernavaca, April-June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ,
CU]; 1 ¢, 3 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 6500 feet, 27 May 1959 (HEE)
[CU]; 1 ¢, Temixco, 30 Mch. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]; 10 ¢ 6, 3 mi.
N Alpuyeca, 3400 feet, April 1959 (HEE) [MCZ, CU]; 1 4, Lake
Tequesquitengo, 2800 feet, 1 April 1959 (HEE) [CU]. Mexico:
1 ¢,5 $64, Teotihuacan Pyramids, 7500 feet, April-July, 1951,
1959 (HEE, PDH) [CU, CIS; MCZ]. HiaLco: 5 2 ¢, 3 ¢ 3,
Zimapan, 11-14 June 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS]. PueEsta:
1 2, Tehuacan, 23 June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 2, 3 mi. NW Pet-
lalcingo, 3 Apr. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. MicHoacan: 1 ¢, 5 km. W
Zacapu, 13 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Nayarit: 1 ¢, Ahuacatlan,
18 July 1951 (PDH) [CIS]. ZAcatTeEcas: 2 2 2, 15 km. E Som-
brerete, 28-31 July 1951 (PDH) [CIS]. Srnatoa: 5 ¢ ¢, 8 mi. SE
Elota, 19 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD].

Allaporus elegantulus Evans

Allaporus elegantulus Evans, 1953, Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc., 26: 27-29 [Type:
2, Duranco: El Salto, 3 August 1951 (PDH) (CAS)].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

78 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

In this striking species the venation of the hind wing is about the
same as in pulchellus, but other characters indicate that it stands
close to aurulentus, from southeastern Arizona.

Female. — Length 7 mm. Color black; body clothed with coarse pubes-
cence, for the most part silvery, but more brownish on the upper front and
vertex, mesonotum, and broad preapical bands on the abdominal tergites.
Fore wings twice-banded, with a dark band over the basal and transverse
median veins, and a broader and darker apical band which does not quite
attain the outer wing margin. Mandibles not specialized; clypeus 2.8 X as
broad as high; vertex not elevated above eye tops nor sharply margined. Pro-
podeum rather long, without rugosities. Venation as described for rufiventris
except SMC2 triangular (at least in the one known specimen). Abdomen
not compressed apically.

Distribution. — Known only from the type. (Map 13.)

Allaporus aurulentus new species

Holotype. —°, ARIZONA: Cochise Co., Southwestern Research
Station, 5 mi. W Portal, 5400 feet, 18 Aug. 1959 (on ground be-
neath oak trees, HEE) [MCZ, no. 30, 961].

Description of type female. — Length 7.5 mm.; fore wing 5 mm. Head
and thorax black; abdomen rufo-ferruginous except base of T1 black, T1-4
with apical dark bands, T5 blackish except at base, apical segment entirely
black; mandibles and apical margin of clypeus rufous; scape rufous, remainder
of antenna black; legs rufo-ferruginous except base of hind coxae infuscated
and all tarsi blackish. Fore wing subhyaline, with a brown spot over the lower
section of the basal vein and a broad brown band starting at the stigma and
extending nearly to the wing tip, crossing the wing to the posterior margin;
outer .1 of wing membrane subhyaline; hind wing nearly hyaline, apical fourth
somewhat infuscated. Pubescence densely and conspicuously golden on sides
of lower front, occiput, temples, and virtually the entire thorax and propodeum;
upper front with dark brown pubescence; pubescence very fine and silvery on
legs and on abdomen (except on the dark bands). Front with a few dark
setae and coxae with some short, paler setae, but body otherwise virtually
without erect setae except for the usual ones toward the apex of the abdomen.
Mandibles slender, with two small teeth on the inner margin. Clypeus 2.8 X
as broad as high, its apex truncate, its sides rounded. Head 1.07 X as wide as
high; MID .67 X TED, 1.10 X LID, 0.90 X HE; UID .80 X LID. POL:
OOL =9:8: distance from hind ocelli to vertex crest about .7 X POL. First
four antennal segments in a ratio of about 21:8:17:20, segment three 2.4 X
as long as thick, .57 X UID. Crest of vertex not elevated above eye tops, not
especially sharp; spatium frontale prominent, perpendicularly declivous be-

HOWARD E. EVANS 79

tween antennal sockets. Pronotal disc .85 X as long as wide, 1.4 X as long
as mesoscutum. Propodeum relatively long, with a short, oblique declivity
which is weakly transversely rugulose on the sides. Front femora not in-
crassate, measuring 3.2 X as long as wide; longer spur of hind tibia about
half the length of the basitarsus. Fore wing with the basal vein arising basad
of the transverse median vein, its lower section at first erect, then strongly
arched; SMC2 1.3 X as wide as high, first and second intercubital veins meet-
ing at the radius, so that this cell is triangular; outer discoidal cell about as
wide as high. Hind wing with first abscissa of cubitus long and strongly arched
before junction with intercubital vein, first abscissa of radius also arched before
junction with this vein. Apex of abdomen not notably compressed.

Allotype. — é, ARIZONA: same data as type except 9 Aug. 1959
[MCZ].

Description of allotype male. — Length 5 mm.; fore wing 3.9 mm. En-
tirely black; pubescence silvery over most of body, more brownish on vertex,
mesonotum, and apical bands on T1-4; last two tergites entirely brownish-
pubescent. Erect setae very short, sparse, and inconspicuous. Fore wings
subhyaline, with an indistinct spot on the basal vein and a broad, rather weak
apical band which does not quite reach the outer wing margin. Mandibles
unspecialized; clypeus 2.2 X as broad as high, its apical margin very weakly
rounded. Head 1.05 X as wide as high; MID .67 X TFD, 1.25 X LID, sub-
equal to HE; UID 1.12 X LID. POL:OOL=9:10; front angle of ocellar
triangle about a right angle; hind ocelli slightly more than their own diameters
from crest of vertex, which is moderately abrupt. First four antennal seg-
ments in a ratio of about 16:7:10:12, segment three about 1.3 X as long as
thick, segment four 1.7 X as long as thick, following segments all considerably
longer than thick. Pronotum with a small median notch on the posterior mar-
gin. Longer spur of hind tibia .95 X length of basitarsus. Venation as in
female. SGP slightly more slender and tapering than in rufiventris and pul-
chellus, slightly less so than in smithianus. Genitalia not differing noticeably
from those of rufiventris.

Paratypes. — ARIZONA: 2 2 2, 10 é 6, same data as type ex-
cept dates varying from 3 to 19 Aug. 1959 [MCZ, CU, USNM,
AMNH].

Variation. — The two female paratypes are both smaller than the
type (fore wing 4.0 and 4.2 mm.); there are no differences in color
of the integument, but in one specimen the pubescence of the thoracic
dorsum and pleura is paler, more silvery than golden. The male
paratypes show considerable size variation (fore wing 2.6 to 3.9
mm.). POL and OOL are subequal in one female and several of

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

80 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

the males. The second submarginal cell is triangular in all females,
but in most of the males the first and second intercubital veins do
not quite meet above. Most males have no indication of a spot over
the basal vein.

Allaporus fascipennis Evans

Allaporus fascipennis Evans, 1959, Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc., 32: 29-30 [Type:
9, Texas: Cameron Co., Shore of Laguna Madre, near Port Isabel,
10 May 1958 (HEE) (USNM, no. 64, 390)].

This striking form was described from a locality only a few miles
from the Mexican border and may well be widely distributed in
Mexico.

Female. — Length 8 mm. Head and thorax black, abdomen bright ru-
fous except T1-4 each with a dusky posterior band; mandibles, apical part of
clypeus, and first two antennal segments dusky ferruginous; legs mostly rufous.
Fore wings with a brown blotch over the basal vein and the apical third of
the wing brownish. Body clothed with rather coarse pubescence which is
silvery over most of the body. Mandibles unspecialized; clypeus 1.8 X as
wide as high, rather flat, its apex broadly truncate, its sides rather straight.
Front rather flat, the spatium frontale but little elevated. POL:OOL=9:7.’
Propodeum rather strongly transversely rugulose. Front femora not at all
swollen. Fore wing with SMC2 slightly wider than high, sessile above; hind
wing as in the preceding species. Apex of abdomen somewhat compressed.

Male. — Length 6 mm.; fore wing 4.5 mm. Black; wings completely
hyaline; body with extensively silvery pubescence as in the preceding species;
erect setae sparse, short, and inconspicuous. Clypeus flat, 1.8 X as wide as
high; vertex elevated in an even arc above eye tops, POL:00L=8:5. Longer
spur of hind tibia .83 X length of basitarsus. Venation as in female. SGP
slender, much as in smithianus but less attenuate apically. Genitalia with the
parameres nearly as long as the digiti, rather broadly rounded apically; digiti
with sparse and rather long setae.

Distribution. — Known only from the type and allotype, collected
at the same time and place in extreme southern Texas. (Map 13.)

Genus EUPLANICEPS Haupt

Euplaniceps Haupt, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 16: 724, 751 [Type species:
Pedinaspis variipennis Perty, original designation]. — Bradley, 1944,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 124-136 (revision). — Banks, 1947,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 447-449.

HOWARD E. EVANS 81

Generic characters. — Female. Length 7.5-16 mm. Black, all known
species with T2, 3, and 6 spotted or banded with whitish, orange, or reddish,
tibial spurs also in large part pale; wings strongly banded. Mandibles with a
single tooth on the inner margin, with or without a small tooth on the lower
margin. Clypeus rather flat, more or less truncate apically, nearly reaching
the lower inner eye margins. Malar space absent. Lower half of front with
a pair of grooves for the reception of the scape; these grooves extend upward,
nearly parallel to the inner eye margins, leaving between them a more elevated
median strip which may be on the same plane as the clypeo-frontal bridge and
the clypeus, or which may be more elevated and strongly declivous between
the antennal sockets. Antennal sockets well above bottoms of eyes; eyes glab-
rous. Pronotum very long; propodeum rather long, flat in front and with an
oblique declivity behind. Front femora incrassate. Claws dentate or bifid.
Fore wing with two SMCs, the second receiving both recurrent veins; hind
wings with the anal and transverse median veins confluent, forming an even
arc which meets the median vein a considerable distance basad of the origin
of the cubitus (fig. 6).

Male. Length 6-9 mm. Black, the spurs whitish and the hind tibiae
with a white streak; tergites with or without whitish spots as in the female;
wings usually banded. Mandibles with a single tooth on the inner margin.
Antennae of variable length, often somewhat crenulate in profile. Pronotum
short; propodeum relatively long, the slope low and even. Front claws bifid,
the inner claw of each pair strongly curved; middle and hind claws dentate or
bifid. Venation as in female. Abdomen compressed apically. SGP of simple
structure, somewhat tectiform. Genitalia very similar to those of Allaporus;
parameres short, more or less truncate apically; digiti simple, bearing short,
simple setae; basal hooklets single; parapenial lobes strong, compressed; aedoea-
gus small, as in all Aporini.

Distribution. — Throughout South America except the extreme
southern part; one species occurs in Panama.

Included species. — This is a fairly large genus, but all of the
species except the Chilean saussurei Kohl are rare in collections.
Bradley had seen the types of but few of the species when he pre-
pared his revision. Banks (1947) described two additional species,
both from males, and Banks’ Sericopompilus exilis represents another
male of this genus (new combination; probably it is the male of her-
bertii Fox). Ihave seen several undescribed South American species.
A new revision of this group is much needed.

Remarks. — This is a very distinctive genus, perhaps not closely
related to Aporus. Bradley has erected the subgenus Pholidaporus
to accommodate perpicta (Fox), from Brazil, which has the claws
bifid.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

82 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Euplaniceps ceres (Cameron) new combination

Pompilus ceres Cameron, 1897, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)19: 374 [Type: 2,
PANAMA (Boucard) (no further data) (BMNH, no. 19, 762)].—
Cameron, 1899, Biol. Centr. Amer., Hymen. II, Suppl., p. 404.

This species was overlooked by Bradley (1944). Apparently it
has not been taken since the type was collected many years ago. It
will run to varia Bradley (from Peru) in Bradley’s key, but the api-
cal tergite has a white spot rather than being orange as in that spe-
cies, and the pronotum and front coxae have dense black setae not
present in that species.

Description of type female. — Length 16 mm.; fore wing 11 mm. Color
black, except T2-4 each with a pair of large whitish spots, apical tergite with
a similar spot; spurs whitish. Fore wings prominently banded, brownish at
base and also along costal and submedian and anal cells, leaving a large part
of the median cell whitish; a broad brown band across basal and transverse
median veins and another across marginal cell to posterior wing margin, the
narrow band between them whitish; apex of wing subhyaline. Pubescence
dark, except silvery, with a somewhat golden luster, as follows: sides of lower
front, basal parts of legs, mesopleura, posterior half of mesoscutum, scutellum,
sides of metanotum and postnotum, and postero-lateral angles of propodeum;
pubescence on central part of thoracic dorsum, especially the scutellum, coarse
and very conspicuous. Front, pronotum, and front coxae with dense black
setae; front femora and tibiae with numerous black setae, even the tarsi some-
what setose, but middle and hind legs hardly at all setose, except coxae weakly
so; mesoscutum and scutellum sparsely hairy, propodeum bare. Abdominal
venter and apical two tergites somewhat setose. Clypeus 2.7 X as broad as
high, its apical margin truncate. Head 1.12 X as broad as high; MID .60
X TFD, 1.25 X LID, 0.8 X HE; UID 1.15 X LID. POL:OOL=18:17;
ocelli in a broad triangle, front angle greater than a right angle. First four
antennal segments in a ratio of about 33:8:26:24, segment three 3 X as long
as thick, .42 XK UID. Vertex weakly arched between tops of eyes; area within
and behind ocellar triangle weakly humped. Lower two-thirds of front with
a median linear elevation, almost carinate, this area much raised above sides
of front, forming a nasale which is abruptly declivous just below antennal
sockets. Pronotum elongate, disc .95 X as long as its maximum width, 1.3 X
as long as mesoscutum. Propodeum elongate, sloping but weakly in front,
abruptly, obliquely declivous behind. Legs strongly spinose; longer spur of
hind tibia .4 as long as hind basitarsus; claws with a strong tooth. Fore wing
with marginal cell removed from wing tip by about its own length; SMC2
twice as wide as high.

Distribution. — Panama; known only from the type.

HOWARD E. EVANS 83

Genus PSORTHASPIS Banks

Psorthaspis Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 231 [Type species: Fer-
reola laevifrons Cresson, original designation (proposed as subgenus
of Pedinaspis)].— Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 230,
241 (full genus). — Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 32-
79 (revision). — Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1662, 18
pp. (spp. of Mexican plateau).

Idopedinaspis Haupt, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 16: 724, 783 [Type spe-
cies: Ferreola laevifrons Cresson, designated by Haupt, 1937]. —
Haupt, 1937, Boll. Ist. Ent. Bolgna, 9: 75. Synonymy by Bradley,
1944.

Idiopedinaspis Neave, 1939, Nomen. Zool., 2: 762 (typographical error).

Dicyrtomalis Bradley, 1944, Notulae Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., no. 145, p.

11 [Type species: Pompilus connexus Cresson, original designation].
New synonym.

Generic characters. — Female. Length 8-24 mm. Color black, some
species patterned with whitish, orange, or reddish; wings fuscous or banded
with fuscous. Mandibles with a single tooth on the inner margin; lower mar-
gin with a rounded lamina which is set off by a fimbriate groove. Clypeus
relatively flat, not as wide as LID. ace below and between antennal sockets
somewhat ridged to form a weak to strong clypeo-frontal bridge. Malar space
absent or very short; eyes with only minute setae. Ocelli situated at some dis-
tance from vertex crest, which is often rather sharp. Pronotum longer than
mesoscutum, its surface depressed only slightly to level of collar, the collar
articulating with the head very high, not far from the vertex crest. Front
femora not incrassate. Apical tarsal segments not spined beneath, or with a
few lateral spines. Claws with the tooth acute, sometimes very strong and
subparallel to outer ray. ore wing with three SMCs, the second and third
each receiving a recurrent vein near the middle, the third fairly wide above;
hind wing with the transverse median vein not differentiated from the anal
vein, which arches up to join the median vein a short distance before the
origin of the cubitus; anal lobe not much over half the length of the sub-
median cell (fig. 7).

Male. Length 6-17 mm. Color black, often variegated by pubescence
of various colors; wings hyaline or more or less fuscous. Mandibles about as
in female, also the eyes and malar space. Antennae of variable length, in
some species very short, the third segment in any case much shorter than the
fourth and not more than 1.5 X as long as thick. Clypeus not as wide as
LID, flat or weakly convex. Crest of vertex relatively abrupt, most species
with the ocelli at some distance in front of the vertex crest. Pronotum mod-
erately long; postnotum short, transversely linear. Claws dentate or bifid.
Venation as in female. Abdomen somewhat compressed. Genitalia with the
parameres very short, more or less truncate apically; basal hooklets single;

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

84 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

parapenial lobes strong, compressed, and aedoeagus small and simple, as in
Aporus and related genera (figs. 28-30).

Distribution. — The genus is confined to the New World and
ranges from Colombia north to the southern half of the United
States, also throughout the Greater Antilles.®

Included species. — Thirteen species inhabit Mexico and Central
America and are treated below. Nine others inhabit southern United
States, but do not enter Mexico so far as known, one occurs in Co-
lombia, and five occur in the Greater Antilles.

Remarks. — The distribution of members of this genus suggests
that the group may have evolved in southern North America during
the period when there was no land connection with South America.
One species, planata, is known to attack trap-door spiders (Cteni-
zidae), and the structure of the head and prothorax suggests that all
species attack ctenizids or at least some type of burrowing spider.
Some of the resemblances to Aporus may be the result of converg-
ence, as some members of this genus also attack trap-door spiders.
On the other hand, the male genitalia of Psorthaspis are much like
those of Aporus, and the two genera may be genuinely related, per-
haps both having evolved from an early Epipompilus-like ancestor.

The following key does not include the nine species occurring in
southern United States, even though some of these will surely be found
to enter northern Mexico. The keys of Bradley (1944) and of Evans
(1954) cover the U. S. species adequately. Considerable revision of
the Central American species has been undertaken in the present

paper.
Key to Species

Females

1. Clypeo-frontal bridge variable, but never as below, if somewhat flat-topped
the flat portion between the antennal sockets not more than half as
wide as one of the sockets and the hind tibiae without spines above .. 2

Clypeo-frontal bridge wide, flat-topped, the flat top between the antennal

6 Smith described a Ferreola unicolor from Peru in 1855, and Bradley assigned
this species to Psorthaspis, although he had not seen it. I recently examined the
type of this species in the British Museum. It appears to be a true Ferreola and is
unlike anything I have seen from this hemisphere. Undoubtedly this specimen is
mislabeled and is from some part of the Old World tropics.

10.

11.

HOWARD E. EVANS 85

sockets about as wide as one of the sockets; hind tibia with several

SUNOMEM SPINES tAW OVE See esareacccese eee cece arc eaceaeea senate sneaceustun ae seneeeccsuvectascevess 13
Claws dentate, the outer ray not curved in such a way as to be sub-
parallel to the tooth, which is short; all black species .................00000 3
Claws sub-bifid, the outer ray curved so that it is nearly parallel to the
tooth, which is strong; black or variously colored .............c.ccsccceeeeeee 7

Clypeus about twice as wide as high, almost as wide as LID; vertex ex-
tended only slightly above eye tops; clypeo-frontal bridge weakly de-
veloped, considerably below level of clypeus and front ..................000
Bence Nac Ra COE COER CEEOL EAE EED CUED o CDSEO COL DEERE ECSU OE EEEE Ea EEE SCRE vicina (Cresson)

Clypeus about 1.5 X as wide as high, not nearly as wide as LID; vertex
extending considerably above eye tops; hind tibiae without spines above
(LUE OU AOSTA): copaccocnnegcecseddboSenee OLA cCeSE ABCD COAL ACErO REAL SEEEHEEE ELEC DEOL PenE 4

Head very broad, TFD considerably exceeding VFD; body and wings
clothed with bright bluish pubescence ..............cccsseccesseccessecsesseeesssceseens
SOE S SS EERCOS EERE CCE TEEPE ECC ROOT TEER ey EF Eee macronotum macronotum (Kohl)

leadGataleastuasmniohwasm wider. ccccece:.ccseccsassosaeeccaon ce ccanoscasess sraemcsseneneseseavans 5)

Propodeum without transverse rugae or almost so; clypeus almost rec-
tangular, the sides nearly parallel; vertex extended far above eye tops
foe oen Seas Seat ecisobrs Pave ned sa kswdndsd ve dedoepienntenaeecalies macronotum cressoni Bradley

Propodeum with well-developed transverse rugae, at least laterally; cly-
peus with its sides converging somewhat to the subtruncate apex ...... 6

Clypeo-frontal bridge fairly wide, its flat upper surface about half the
width of an antennal socket ....................5 macronotum zacateca Evans

Clypeo-frontal bridge narrow, round-topped .... macronotum hurdi Evans

Body entirely black, pubescence more or less bluish or violaceous; wings
HUSCOUSs VIO ACEOUS (/GEVUfNOTIS FORO) Meseeseseteee terete st esceeseeeese sas seeteeeee 8

Abdomen with whitish to orange spots or bands; pubescence extensively
silvery, yellowish, and/or orange; wings strongly banded (variegata
fA ROUND) eseaeere PonacsenGerm discern caccecea hea rosso sOaB CE EOLe ScEECCER One COPE CECE ED CCEEERer eee eer 16

Clypeo-frontal bridge very small, in lateral view seen to be on a some-
what lower plane than the area frontalis; front narrow for the genus;

vertex not extending much above eye tops ........... laevifrons (Cresson)
Clypeo-frontal bridge on the same plane as the area frontalis .............. 9
Apical margin of clypeus truncate or weakly emarginate .................... 10
Apical margin of clypeus evenly CONVEX ............cssssecceeeeereceeeeenereeeseesees 12

Vertex strongly produced, weakly concave in anterior view, distance from
posterior ocelli to vertex crest about 1.6 X POL; abdomen strongly
COMPTeSse deere neesressesa researc ee Core cesta oT e ee are Rea cnte Meets regalis (Smith)

Vertex less produced, not concave in anterior view; distance from pos-
terior ocelli to vertex crest not more than about 1.3 K POL; abdomen
WE akdlivaC OMPTESSe Ueueereeceseeeenteenanenans ce ceeee cee tte seam snetoaetcaets seavevs vieatowsuenets 11

Ultimate segments of middle and hind tarsi with a few lateral spines be-
neath; posterior ocelli removed from vertex crest by about 1.25 X
IROILE G48 llerreS (4! TwavTT,)) coocsosesonnooosonosos9940s00000000000000000 coelestis Bradley

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

86

1Q%

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Ultimate tarsal segments not spined beneath except at apex; posterior
ocelli removed from vertex crest by slightly less than POL; smaller
(Gia c0 0 Wa) ena cnenenecerbe a crtancceacnondcas cosacrochsadsempantacnaceesKa guatemalae Bradley

Front less broad than below, MID .64 XK TFD, .95 X eye height; pos-
terior ocelli removed from vertex crest by about 1.1 X POL. .................
wbdice Soa SEITE s GOS SOA Se Se ne Fn ee RR ee eubule (Cameron)

Front very broad, MID about .7 X TFD, 1.15 X eye height; posterior

ocelli removed from vertex crest by 1.3-1.5 XK POL. ...... bradleyi Evans
Pubescence very fine, over most or all of the body bluish, blue-green, or
violaceous; wings fuscous, violaceous ...................000000+- planata (Fox)

Pubescence of pronotum, mesoscutum, and some of abdominal segments
orange, very dense, concealing the integument; tips of fore wings often

somewhat: pale 2225.4 sn).cssseaccsieccgssoccuceeseccuenscose eonenaene ee 14
Wings banded; apical two tergites with dark pubescence; propodeum and
T1 with whitish pubescence ...................cccccceeeeseeeeeeeees formosa (Smith)

Wings not banded, merely paler at tip of fore wing; apical two segments
with orange pubescence like the preceding segments; pubescence of
propodeum and T1 wholly dark (POrtide) ............cccccccccscsecceeeeeeneeeeee 15

Pronotum with orange pubescence extending well down on side-pieces ....
Be Ee eer C COP ERE aoeesccpdoneto bearer aocebocasacccasdandocosoasaaesne portiae portiae (Rohwer)

Pronotum with orange pubescence extending onto the side-pieces only
slightly if at all, this pubescence tending to be less coarse than above
Me seB Pues wale Ue Re eaicena ope eee eeu Mea a ave see teat CoE EERE portiae conocephala Bradley

Dorsal surface of pronotum continuous with collar; collar inserted close
to top of head; vertex not elevated behind ocelli; T3 with pale mark-
ings, mesoscutum with orange pUbeSCENCE .............:cccceereeeeescerenneeeees 17

Disc and collar of pronotum separated by a short, vertical surface; crest
of vertex somewhat elevated medially, separated from insertion of pro-
thorax by a short, vertical surface; T2 and 4 with pale markings, 3
black; mesoscutum with dark pubescence ..............::::ccsesssceseeesseeeeees 18

Tergite 3 with an orange band, emarginate behind; anterior half of pro-
notum with dark pubescence ...................... variegata variegata (Smith)

Tergite 3 with two large whitish spots; pronotum wholly covered with
yellowish to orange pubescence ............ variegata impudica (Cameron)

Markings of T2, 4, and 5 yellow to orange; pronotum wholly covered
with yellowish to orange pubescence ........ connexa connexa (Cresson)

Markings of T2 and 4 ivory white, tergite 5 black; posterior lateral parts
of pronotum with dark pubescence ...... connexa bugabensis (Cameron)

Males *

Wings wholly infuscated; pubescence predominantly or wholly dark .... 2
Wings hyaline, at least in considerable part; pubescence in considerable
Part Or. Wholly, pale. caeseevciscaceeseceecesceeses cous vateatss onl eeocsete sanctannccssoaeteaeeane 12

7 The males of coelestis and of variegata impudica are unknown.

10.

HOWARD E. EVANS 87

Claws of middle and hind tarsi dentate, the tooth erect or sloping out-
ward slightly, not close to or subparallel to outer ray; SGP strongly

dentatemlatenalllyay (HO IiGA) i iesss: -ccesee-c-ceecvastecnersscsscatcteses tons sensssucsevssvvoteose’ 3
All claws bifid, i.e., the tooth is close to the outer ray and subparallel to
it; SGP at most weakly angulate on the sides (figs. 67-70) .............. 7

Inner claws of front tarsi much more strongly curved than outer claws of
front tarsi, deeply bifid; propodeum not or barely hairy ..............::ee
SOE CCOOSORCECCOT ECE ERGR OSE EAIE EERIE C GEC HEE TRC ES EEE DEE Re cOT Eee CEE Peer ReRerEe vicina (Cresson)

Inner claws of front tarsi only very slightly more curved than outer claws,
less deeply bifid than above; propodeum moderately to strongly hairy
(ECM OTOPORLTTON, —cxesqoscoocceocsuascesdeecocedoo dc scodDUUSEOOECCEEEE EOD ERE ECBEE RESO SCE EOCECOODESaCE OIC 4

Head distinctly wider than high, TFD greater than VFD; head rather thin
PARE Cacao SUCCES EEO DHE EERIE ROLE MRE PEEEEEE macronotum macronotum (Kohl)

Head not wider than high, VFD at least as great as TFD .................... 5

Erect hair of body much reduced, femora and middle and hind coxae
barely or not at all hairy; vertex, in anterior view, often nearly straight
in the center, descending abruptly om the sides ...............:cscccccseessseeeeens
BO SOB ROUT OOSTOC HEE TERED CECE ROC CTE O ADEE eR CORET COC REE Tren macronotum cressoni Bradley

Coxae and femora rather strongly hairy; vertex forming a nearly smooth
ATCHLLOMMESIGeMtOMSI de yereeereectees ee seenceceeeneteaceesae ceases dees vee Deamaeaaabenereustss cas 6

Antennae elongate, segments 4-12 each generally at least 1.5 X as long as
wide; body densely hairy, including the femora and even to some ex-
LeMbuthewtibiael sseeesssssecececesess-cecersseccecetosisoess macronotum zacateca Evans

Antennae shorter, segments 4-12 only about 1.4 X as long as thick, the
segments slightly imbricate; femora moderately hairy, the tibiae not or
baneliyehaityy acces crosea eats ee ener eoeeem meee macronotum hurdi Evans

Vertex moderately to strongly humped behind the ocellar triangle; SGP
with lateral angulations beyond which it tapers to a subacute apex
(ADO ASH USO SI) eee cecn sees tree encecc cccecs eonessseusnsdecuscesccecetes planata (Fox)

Vertex not or very weakly elevated medially, usually forming a more or
less even arc; SGP not angulate laterally, or if so much more blunt
ATOR a cepcodobnoocsb scan SceconOGe RDHOROEE LE OSSBSCCEE: CERCA RB SS ETE EE aE SCC RR CRE ee ee ronan eeE CREE 8

Vertex, as seen in full frontal view, forming a low arc, not extending
much if at all above the hind ocelli; propodeum sloping rather evenly
from front to rear, only slightly steepened behind; pubescence wholly
Gankemevenmomptheminoit pecneesesscectessccscee steven soce ees scac eave oicccnosssustecssieacrs 9

Vertex somewhat produced, when seen in full frontal view arched well
above the hind ocelli; propodeum rather long, sloping but weakly ex-

cept abruptly declivous behind ................. ee eeeeeeeeeseeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeees 10
Antennae short, segments 4-12 each 1.2-1.4 X as long as wide; SGP un-
WOU, Semele (iE, G7) ccossccscccccosssceesscesoononson500005000 guatemalae Bradley
Antennae slightly longer, segments 4-12 each 1.4-1.6 X as long as wide;
SGP relatively broad and short (fig. 69) .................. eubule (Cameron)

Not strongly hairy, the middle and hind coxae and femora with only
scattered, short hairs; SGP subangulate laterally, quite blunt apically
(fig. 70); front with silvery pubescence ................ laevifrons (Cresson)

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

88

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Strongly hairy species, all the coxae and femora rather densely hairy; SGP
more elongate, not subangulate laterally (fig. 68) ..............0..cccccec08 11
Pubescence rich bluish, except somewhat silvery on the lower front; ab-
dominal dorsum with only sparse, short setae, the femora with fairly
Shorthair asudeeereicleler eee Oe regalis (Smith)
Pubescence largely violaceous or purplish, nowhere silvery; body and legs
unusually strongly hairy, even the abdominal dorsum, the femora with
father Lome Wait ssc. eeheeeeca ceceen eer tee oe bradleyi Evans
Antennae moderately long, segment four 1.2-1.7 X as long as thick; fore
wing without a brownish cloud at basal vein; SGP with lateral angula-
LITLG) 0 ae ee cr ae rae Renee cee cr Chace: here nreaL a aoasdpaseadecondosaon cae sounaacsebubedoopabdvoot0090 13
Antennae very short, segment four barely if at all longer than thick; wings
somewhat banded, fore wing with at least a weak dark band at basal
5 (0 0 ere pee re aero ceadec ach rere accactcacseb aencusacabacecueceadbocascasdadsodeastendqa00s6 15
Vertex not or but slightly elevated behind the ocellar triangle; wings
weakly tinged with brownish, more especially so in the marginal cell
and along the outer Wing Margin .............::000ccccccccceeeee formosa (Smith)
Vertex strongly humped behind the ocellar triangle; wings usually clear
hyaline, occasionally with a weak band along the outer margin of the
fore: WING «(POFLAE)\ scccccoseks eeeee cero aes eee Ee 14
Head and thorax, including coxae and femora, with rather abundant short,
white hairs; body more or less patterned with silvery and darker pu-
bescence, the silvery pubescence of the T1 and 2 often more or less
divided down the midline ...................:00000086 portiae portiae (Rohwer)
Head and thorax much less hairy, the femora and middle and hind coxae
without hairs; body wholly covered with silvery pubescence, the dark
pubescence usually confined to posterior margins of T1 and 2 ............
weds Wabaeneee Sone NC UN nc oa a eae au ataeeae ete creosote seacents portiae conocephala Bradley
Body patterned with rather coarse silvery and darker pubescence; vertex
not as sharp as below, nor propodeum as strongly produced backward,
antennal segments 4-12 each about as long as wide, or slightly longer
PONCE On Meat hohe Ane aa ano ae aR a La variegata variegata (Smith)
Body pubescence very fine, varying from silvery to brownish but not
forming a strong pattern; vertex crest rather sharp, the head slightly
concave behind; postero-lateral angles of propodeum projecting back-
ward as strong vertical flanges; antennal segments 4-12 each somewhat
Wider tina] Omg (GOTTLEXG) Ieeeeesenrteeeeeeeeeeee nese seacteee cee eereee see seeee rere 16
Pubescence in large part dark, conspicuously silvery only on head, lower
pleura, propodeum, legs, and abdomen ...... connexa connexa (Cresson)
Pubescence silvery over most of body ...... connexa bugabensis (Cameron)

Psorthaspis vicina (Cresson)

Parapompilus vicinus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 4: 206 [Lecto-

type: 9, Texas (G. W. Belfrage) (ANSP, no. 440)].

HOWARD E. EVANS 89

Pompilus bombinator Dalla Torre, 1897, Catal. Hymen., 8: 277.

Pompilus (Pedinaspis) vicinus Fox, 1897, Ent. News, 8: 33.

Pedinaspis (Pedinaspis) vicinus Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 231.
Psorthaspis vicina Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 61-63.

This is undoubtedly the most primitive member of the genus, as
evidenced by the weakly developed clypeo-frontal bridge and trans-
verse, slightly convex clypeus.

Female. — Length 11-16 mm. Black, rendered dark bluish and/or vio-
laceous by the pubescence; wings fuscous, weakly reflecting bluish or coppery.
Erect hairs short and inconspicuous on front, thoracic dorsum, and front coxae,
largely absent elsewhere. Clypeus about twice as wide as long, almost as wide
as LID; apical margin evenly rounded. Clypeo-frontal bridge very weak, much
depressed below level of clypeus and front. Inner eye margins subparallel,
UID barely if at all greater than LID; vertex passing straight across a short
distance above tops of eyes. Posterior ocelli removed from vertex crest by a
distance slightly greater than POL. Propodeum smooth or with some weak
striae on the sides of the declivity. Claws not strongly curved, the tooth erect
and widely separated from the apical ray. Abdomen but weakly compressed.

Male. — Length 8-10 mm. Color of body and wings as in female. Head,
thoracic dorsum, propleura, and front coxae with some short, erect hairs, body
and legs otherwise without erect hairs. Head subcircular in anterior view,
about as wide as high, vertex forming an even arc above eye tops. Clypeus
1.8 X as wide as high, its apical margin rounded. Antennal segment four
about 1.9 X as long as thick. Propodeum with a strongly defined, concave
declivity behind. Claws dentate except inner claws of front tarsi strongly
curved, deeply bifid, the inner ray lobe-like, outer claws of front tarsus sub-
bifid. SGP with strong lateral angulations (fig. 64).

Distribution. — Known only from Texas and Tamaulipas. (Map
163))

Specimens examined. —21 22,5 66. TEXxAS:9 22,5 46
(? Bosque Co.) (Belfrage) [ANSP, USNM, CU]; 1 2, College Sta-
tion, 17 May 1936 [MCZ]; 2 ° 2, Bastrop St. Pk., Bastrop Co., 19
June 1956 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Williamson Co., 5 Oct. 1935 (J.
E. Gillaspy) [Gillaspy Coll.]; 4 ¢ 2, Fedor, Lee Co., May, June (G.
Birkman) [MCZ]; 1 2, Riviera Beach, Kleburg Co., 18 June 1948
(HEE) [MCZ]; 2 2 2, Port Isabel, Cameron Co., 20, 23 June 1948,
1956 (HEE) [MCZ]. Tamautipas: 1 ¢, Tampico, 28 March 1951
[KU].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

90 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

: | a
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Psorthaspis macronotum macronotum (Kohl)

Pompilus macronotum Kohl, 1886, Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 36: 336.
[Type: 2, Mexico: MoreLos: Cuernavaca (Vienna Mus.) ]. —
Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 187.

Pedinaspis macronotum Schulz, 1911, Zool. Ann., 4: 119.

Psorthaspis macronotum Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 44-45.

Psorthaspis macronotum macronotum Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novitates, no.
1662, pp. 6-7 (Morelos, Jalisco).

This appears to be a relatively common wasp in parts of Central
Mexico. I have not seen the type, but am reasonably confident that
Kohl’s name is being employed correctly. This species and its vari-
ous subspecies are best recognized by the complete absence of spines
on the upper side of the hind tibiae of the female and by the fact that
the male subgenital plate is very strongly angularly produced on the
sides.

Female. — Length 12-21 mm. Black, body, legs, and fore wings rendered
a brilliant dark blue by the pubescence; erect setae short and inconspicuous,
distributed as in vicina. Head considerably broader than high, TFD 1.02-1.06

X VED; UID about 1.15 X LID. Clypeus about 1.5 X as wide as high, its
apical margin weakly rounded. Clypeo-frontal bridge round-topped, not at all

HOWARD E. EVANS 91

depressed below level of clypeus or front. POL:OOL=3:4; distance from
hind ocelli to vertex crest equal to about 1.3 X POL. Propodeum with mod-
erately strong rugae on sides of declivity. Front basitarsus with a few spines
on its outer side, forming a weak comb; hind tibia without spines above and
with only a few below. Claws not strongly curved, the tooth erect. Wings
as in figure 7.

Male. — Length 7-14 mm. Color as in female, but body with much more
erect hair, the propodeum and coxae being strongly hairy, the abdominal dor-
sum even slightly hairy. Head rather thin and wide, TFD about 1.1 X VFD.
Clypeus about 1.6 X as wide as high, rounded apically. Antennae elongate,
segment three 1.0-1.3 X as long as broad, segments 4-11 each 1.4-2.0 X as
long as broad. Eyes strongly divergent above, UID about 1.2-1.25 xX LID;
ocelli in a flat triangle, OOL much exceeding POL. Front claws bifid, the
inner claw of each pair barely more curved than the outer claw, but with the
tooth more blunt; middle and hind claws dentate, but with the tooth sloping
outward somewhat. SGP strongly angulate on each side, the apex acutely
angulate. Genitalia with the parameres squarely truncate apically, the digiti
narrowly rounded and somewhat deflected mesad at apex.

Distribution. — Central Mexico, Oaxaca to Jalisco. (Map 17.)

Specimens examined. — 62 2°, 61 64. Oaxaca: 1 2, Hua-
juapan, 5100 feet, 25 June 1963 (HAS) [OSU]. PurBLa: 1 2, 3
mi. NW Petlalcingo, 22 Aug. 1959 (LS & AM) [UCD]. More Los:
11 2 ¢, Alpuyeca, 27 June 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CU, USNM,
AMNH, CIS]; 34 2° 2,56 é 6, 2 mi. S Alpuyeca, 14-28 May 1959,
3000 feet (HEE) [MCZ, CU, USNM, CAS, ENAC, ANSP]; 13 2 2,
4 86 6,3 mi. N Alpuyeca, Mch., Apr. 1959, 3400 feet (HEE) [MCZ,
CU]; 1 2, Cuernavaca, 6 June 1957 (CY) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Tepoztlan,
15 Nov. 1956 (CY) [MCZ]. Ja.isco: 1 ¢, Guadalajara, 23 July
1951 (HEE) [MCZ].

Psorthaspis macronotum zacateca Evans

Psorthaspis macronotum zacateca Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novitates, no.
1662, pp. 8-10 [Type: 2°, Mexico: Zacatecas: 15 km. E. Som-
rerete, about 7300 feet, 28-31 July 1951 (HEE) (AMNH)].

This is apparently a rather common wasp in north central Mexico
east of the Sierra Madre Occidentale.

Female. — Length 14-21 mm. Black, body pubescence dark violaceous
(contrasting to the blue of m. macronotum); wings fuscous, violaceous. Head
about as wide as high; MID about .70 X TFD; UID about 1.15 X LID. Pos-
terior ocelli removed from vertex crest by about 1.4 X POL. Clypeo-frontal

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

92 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

bridge not at all depressed, rather wide, its flattened top at the narrowest point
approximately half the width of an antennal socket. Other features as in the
nominate subspecies.

Male. — Length 8-19 mm. Coloration as in female; body rather densely
hairy, the coxae and femora with abundant short hairs, the hairs on the femora
denser and longer than in m. macronotum.

Distribution. — San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, Durango, and the
southern half of Chihuahua, Mexico. (Map 17.)

Specimens examined. — 21 2° 2, 82 6 46. SAN Luis Porost!: 1
2,1 6,18 mi. SW San Luis Potosi, 7300 feet, 2 Oct. 1957 (HAS)
[OSU]. ZACATECAS: 3 2 2, 62 6 6, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 7300
feet, 28-31 July 1951 (HEE, PDH) [AMNH, CIS, CU, USNM,
MCZ]. DurRraAnco: 11 22, 3 é¢ 6, Nombre de Dios, July, Aug.
(HEE, PDH, EIS) [MCZ, CU, CIS]; 1 ¢, 10 km. N Nombre de
Dios, 5 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 4 6, San Juan del Rio, 7 Aug.
1951 (PDH) [CIS]; 1 ¢, Pedricena, 4500 feet, 19 Aug. 1947
(CDM) [AMNH]; 2 ¢ ¢, 10 mi. W Durango, 12 July 1954 (EIS)
[CIS]; 1 6, 23 mi. NE Durango, 6300 feet, 17 June 1956 (HAS)
[OSU]; 2 ° 2, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ,
CIS]; 8 ¢ 4, 14 mi. NW Ceballos, 10 Sept. 1963 (HAS) [OSU].
CHIHUAHUA: 1 2, 8 mi. S Camargo, 10 Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS];
1 6, 16 mi. SE Chihuahua, 11 July 1947 (R. Schramel) [AMNH];
3 6 4, 66 mi. S Hidalgo del Parral, 20 June 1956 (HAS) [OSU,
MCZ].

Psorthaspis macronotum hurdi Evans

Psorthaspis macronotum hurdi Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1662,
pp. 7-8 [Type: 2, Mexico: JaLisco: Villa Guadalupe, about 25 km.
N Tepatitlin, 26 July 1951 (PDH) (AMNH)].

This subspecies is very similar to m. arizonensis Dreisbach, from
southern Arizona. Presumably the range of these two subspecies will
be found to meet in Sonora or Sinaloa.

Female. — Length 14-18 mm. Black, pubescence bluish, with some green-
ish reflections, sometimes in part violaceous; wings violaceous. Head about as
wide as high; MID about .70 X TFD; UID about 1.15 X LID. Posterior
ocelli removed from vertex crest by about 1.3-1.4 X POL. Clypeo-frontal
bridge very narrow, reduced to a mere ridge at the level of the bottoms of the
antennal sockets, in profile depressed only very slightly below level of clypeus

HOWARD E. EVANS 93

and front. Antennae rather short, segment 3 and 4 together equal to .50-.58
X UID. Propodeum rugulose, as in the preceding two subspecies.

Male.— Length 10.5 mm. Black, pubescence bluish, on the dorsum
somewhat violaceous; wings fuscous, violaceous. Body densely hairy as in the
preceding two subspecies, but the tibiae not or barely hairy. Head in anterior
view subcircular, about as wide as high. Antennae rather short, segment three
1.2 X as long as thick, segments 4-12 each about 1.4 X as long as thick.
Other features as in m. macronotum.

Distribution. — This subspecies is presently known only from
Sinaloa, Jalisco, and the state of Mexico. The range contacts that
of m. macronotum at Guadalajara, but no intergrades are represented
in the limited material available. (Map 17.)

Specimens examined. —7 22,2 66. SINALOA: 1 2, Camino
Real de Piaxtla, 200 feet, 3 May 1949 (G. M. Bradt) [AMNHI.
JaLisco: 3 22,1 4, Villa Guadalupe, same data as type [AMNH,
CIS]; 1 ¢, 8 mi. S Guadalajara, late Sept. 1954 (FXW) [CAS]; 1
2, Ojuelos de Jalisco, 7400 feet, 21 Aug. 1954 (CDM) [KU]; 1 2,
27 mi. NE Lagos de Moreno, 7300 feet, 21 Aug. 1954 (CDM) [KU].
Mexico: 1 é, 34 km. W Toluca, 8500 feet, 9 Aug. 1962 (HEE)
[MCZ].

Map 17

@ Psorthaspis m. macronotum (Kohl)
e) Psorthaspis m. hurdi Evans

A Psorthaspis m. zacateca Evans

ZX Psorthaspis m. cressoni Bradley

m

HB Psorthaspis m. arizonensis Dreisbach

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

94 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Psorthaspis macronotum cressoni Bradley

Parapompilus laevifrons Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 4: 206 (nec
Ferreola laevifrons Cresson 1869; misidentification) .

Pedinaspis (Psorthaspis) laevifrons Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19:
231 (misidentification).

Psorthaspis cressoni Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 59-60 [Type:
9, Texas (G. W. Belfrage) (ANSP) ].

Psorthaspis levis Bradley, 1944, ibid., p. 43 [Type: ¢, TExas: San Diego, Duval
Co., 30 April (USNM, no. 57, 924)]. Synonym by Evans, 1954.

Psorthaspis nahuatlensis Bradley, 1944, ibid., p. 46 [Type: 6, MExICco: VERA-
CRUZ: Medellin, Fall 1895 (H. Heyde) (USNM, no. 57, 926)]. —
Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1662, pp. 6, 15. New
synonym.

Psorthaspis macronotum cressoni Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1662,
p. 11 (Nuevo Leon).

In this form the vertex is rather strongly elevated above the eye
tops and the propodeum of the female is without rugae or almost so.
The male is much less hairy than in the preceding three subspecies,
but the characters of the terminalia employed by Bradley for levis,
nahuatlensis, and for the male cressoni do not seem to me reliable.

Female. — Length 12-24 mm. Black, pubescence reflecting dark bluish
and/or violaceous; wings fuscous, violaceous. Head higher than wide, TFD
about .90 X VFD; vertex strongly produced above eye tops (more strongly in
larger specimens), distance from posterior ocelli to vertex crest from 1.6 to
2.1 X POL. Clypeus more nearly quadrangular than in other subspecies, its
sides straight and subparallel, its apical margin weakly convex. Clypeo-frontal
bridge round-topped, essentially similar to that of m. macronotum. Pronotum
slightly longer than in other subspecies, disc about .75 X as long as its maxi-
mum width. Propodeum smooth in most specimens, with a few weak rugae
in some.

Male. — Length 8-14 mm. Color as in female; body with much less hair
than in the preceding three subspecies, the propodeum with sparse, short hair,
the legs not or barely hairy except for the front coxae. Clypeus rounded or
subtruncate apically. Head very slightly higher than wide; vertex broadly
rounded, in general extended farther above eye tops than in other subspecies,
but rather variable in this regard. Antennae of moderate length, segments 4-
12 each 1.3-1.5 X as long as wide. Other features essentially as in m. macro-
notum.

Distribution. — Texas and northeastern Mexico, south to Vera-
cruz. (Map 17.)

HOWARD E. EVANS 95

Specimens examined. —22 22, 40 66. TEXAS: 9 92, 7
8 6, (? Bosque Co.) (Belfrage) [ANSP, USNM, CU]; 1 ¢, Lee
Co. (Birkman) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Llano, 25 Oct. 1905 (A. W. Morrill)
[USNM]; 1 2, Austin, Oct. 1899 (C. T. Brues) [MCZ]; 1 2, Mer-
cedes, Jan. 1909 [USNM]; 1 ¢, Kingsville (C. T. Reed) [MCZ]; 1
2, 8 mi. W Carta Valley, Val Verde Co., 6 July 1948 (HEE)
[MCZ]; 1 ¢, Alpine, Brewster Co., 29 May 1952 (Gertsch &
Schramel) [AMNH]; 2 2 2,2 ¢ 4 (no further data) [MCZ]. NuEvo
LEon: 1 2, Apodaca (A. Jiménez) [ENAC]; 3 2 2, 20 4 3, Val-
lecillo, 2-5 June 1951 (PDH, HEE) [AMNH, CU, MCZ, CIS].
VERACRUZ: 2 é 6, Medellin, Fall 1895 (H. Heyde) [USNM]; 1 ¢,
8 6 4, Veracruz, 1-6 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU].

Psorthaspis laevifrons (Cresson)

Ferreola laevifrons Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 12: 376 [Type:
9, MEXICO: VERACRUZ: Orizaba (ANSP, no. 436) ].

Pompilus imperialis Smith, 1879, Descr. N. Sp. Hymen. Brit. Mus., p. 155
[Type: 6, Costa Rica: Caché (H. Rogers) (BMNH, no. 19, 695)].
— Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 196. New
synonym.

Pompilus laevifrons Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 189.

Pompilus telemon Cameron, 1893, ibid., p. 186 [Type: 2, GUATEMALA: San
Geronimo (GCC) (BMNH, no. 19, 308) ].

Pompilus (Pedinaspis) laevifrons Fox, 1897, Ent. News, 8: 33.

Pedinaspis (Psorthaspis) laevifrons Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19:
231.

Idopedinaspis laevifrons Haupt, 1936, Boll. Ist. Ent. Bologna, 9: 75.

Psorthaspis laevifrons Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 45-46. —
Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1662, pp. 3, 16.

This is presumably a relatively primitive member of the genus,
as the clypeo-frontal bridge is narrow and depressed, the clypeus
fairly broad, and the vertex not much elevated above the eye tops.
This is the first of a series of species in which the claws of the male
are all bifid, the inner ray being close to the outer ray and parallel to
it; in the females the inner ray is strong and erect, the outer ray curved
in such a way as to be nearly parallel to it.

Bradley placed telemon Cameron in tentative synonymy with
laevifrons. I have seen the types of both these species and can con-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

96 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

firm this synonymy. The type of imperialis is in poor condition and
furthermore it is a “humbug”, the head of the type of Pompilus
championi Cameron being glued to the thorax and abdomen of im-
perialis (and the head of the imperialis type being glued to champi-
oni). The terminalia are missing, as are most of the tarsi. The
limited amount of erect hair on the body eliminates it as the male of
eubule or bradleyi, but it might possibly represent the otherwise un-
known male of coelestis. The specimen from Xucumanatlan, Guer-
rero, referred to imperialis by Cameron, is a male eubule. Since the
male of laevifrons has not previously been described, I have described
in detail a male taken at the same time and place as a female and
certainly the male of laevifrons. Since Bradley has redescribed the
type female of this species in detail, I shall present only a few perti-
nent characters for this sex.

Female. — Length 13.5-19 mm. Black, body and wings rendered by the
pubescence a rich blue or violaceous. Front, thoracic dorsum, and all coxae
with sparse, short, erect setae. Clypeus 1.6 X as wide as high, its anterior mar-
gin truncate. Clypeo-frontal bridge in the form of a small ridge which is much
below the level of the spatium frontale. Head about 1.15 X as wide as high;
front relatively narrow for the genus, MID .61-.64 X TFD; UID slightly ex-
ceeding LID. Ocelli in a triangle the front angle of which is slightly greater
than a right angle; POL:OOL = 3:4; posterior ocelli removed from vertex crest
by .8 to 1.0 X POL, vertex depressed laterad of each posterior ocellus. Crest
of vertex rather sharp, passing across a very short distance above eye tops.
Pronotum short for the genus; propodeum strongly transversely rugose. Hind
tibiae with strong spines above. Claws with the inner tooth strong, erect, the
outer ray curved in such a way as to be nearly parallel to it.

Plesiallotype. — ¢, MEXICO: CHIAPAS: San Cristobal las Casas,
7500 feet, 30 April 1959 (HEE) [MCZ].

Description of plesiallotype male. — Length 11 mm.; fore wing 10 mm.
Black, rendered a rich deep blue by the pubescence; lower half of front, to
edge of clypeus, with coarse, silvery pubescence; wings fuscous, violaceous, the
fore wings with bluish setulae. Moderately dense, rather short erect hairs pres-
ent on scape, clypeus, front, vertex, temples, thoracic dorsum and pleura, pro-
podeum, coxae, and abdominal venter; femora and dorsum of abdomen with
only a few weak, short setae (as compared to bradleyi the body hairs are
shorter and very much less dense). Clypeus 1.4 X as wide as high, its apical
margin weakly rounded. Head 1.05 X as wide as high; MID .65 X TFD:
eyes strongly diverging above, UID 1.22 X LID. POL:OOL=3:4; vertex de-
pressed laterad of each posterior ocellus, as in female. Third antennal seg-

HOWARD E. EVANS 97

ment about 1.4 X as long as thick, segments 4-12 each about 1.6 X as long as
thick. Propodeum sloping very gradually in front, with a short, oblique de-
clivity, the sides of the declivity barely produced. Claws strongly bifid, the
inner ray long, subtruncate; inner claws of front tarsi slightly more curved
than others, inner ray broader and more lobe-like. SGP short, its sides weakly
angulate, the apex subtruncate (fig. 70); median line strongly elevated, the
elevation strongly arched in profile. Genitalia with the parameres short,
parallel-sided, abruptly truncate apically; base of digitus with a larger num-
ber of smaller setae than in guatemalae, and the aedoegas more slender than
in that species, but otherwise very similar.

Distribution. — Southern Mexico to Costa Rica. (Map 16.)

Specimens examined. —14 22, 3 66. VERACRUZ: 1 2,
Orizaba [type, ANSP]; 1 4, Orizaba, 12 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU].
CHIAPAS: 1 2,1 4, San Cristobal las Casas, 7500 feet, 29-30 April
1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. GUATEMALA: 1 & (no further data) [MCZ];
1 ¢, Antigua, 17 June 1923 (E. G. Smyth) [CU]; 1 ¢, Livingston,
18 April 1923 (E. G. Smyth) [USNM]; 5 ¢ ¢, San Gerdénimo
(GCC) [BMNH]. Nicaracua: 1 ¢, El Carmen, Nueva Segovia,
2 Oct. 1953 (S. Segueira) [USNM}. Costa Rica: 1 ¢, Caché (H.
Rogers) [BMNH]; 1 2, Turrialba, 13 June 1949 (K. W. Cooper)
[USNM]; 2 2 2, Turrialba, Aug. 1963 (CCP) [MCZ].

Psorthaspis coelestis Bradley

Idopedinaspis sp. Haupt, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 16: 724, 783, 785,
figs. 82, 84C (Costa Rica).

Psorthaspis coelestis Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 46-47 [Type:
2, CosTa Rica: San Carlos, Alajuela (Schild & Bergdorf) (USNM,
no. 57, 927) ].

This is the largest known species of Psorthaspis. It is known only
from the type and may, of course, be found to exhibit considerable
variation in size.

Female. — Length 24 mm.; fore wing 19 mm. Black, pubescence re-
flecting bluish-green. Clypeus truncate apically. Head 1.1 X as wide as high;
MID .64 X TFD: UID slightly exceeding LID. POL:OOL=5:8; posterior
ocelli removed from vertex crest by 1.25 XK POL; vertex, in anterior view,
almost straight across. Area frontalis with a narrow ridge as in laevifrons, but
the ridge on a level with the front, barely below that of clypeus. Propodeum
transversely rugose, but sides of dorsal surface less prominent than in Jaevi-
frons; dorsal surface with a median groove. Ultimate segments of middle and

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

98 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

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hind tarsi with one or two pairs of lateral spines beneath before apical pair.
Claws with apical ray curved until almost perpendicular, parallel to inner ray.

Distribution. — Costa Rica; known only from the type. (Map
18.)

Psorthaspis guatemalae Bradley

Psorthaspis guatemalae Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 43-44 [Type:
9, GUATEMALA: Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Nov. 1905 (G. P. Goll)
(USNM, no. 57, 925)].

This species is distinctive because of its small size and the weak
rugae on the propodeum. The male is described here for the first
time.

Female. — Length 14 mm.; fore wing 11 mm. Black, pubescence re-
flecting green to violet; wings fuscous, violaceous. Clypeus truncate apically.
Head 1.1 X as wide as high; MID .64 X TFD. POL:OOL=17:23; posterior
ocelli removed from vertex crest by slightly less than POL. Clypeo-frontal
bridge narrow, acute, on same plane as clypeus and front. In frontal view,
vertex convex from the corner of one eye to that of the other, except for a
weak median concavity. Vertex depressed laterad of posterior ocelli, as in
laevifrons. Propodeum with smoother contours than in laevifrons, and the

HOWARD E. EVANS 99

Tugae weaker than in that species. Claws with the outer ray rather strongly
curved, nearly parallel to inner ray.

Plesiallotype. — 6, Mexico: MoRELos: 4 mi. E of Cuernavaca,
18 June 1959, 6000 feet (HEE) [MCZ].

Description of plesiallotype male. —Length 8 mm.; fore wing 7 mm.
Black, pubescence of body and legs brilliantly bluish, with some blue-green
reflections; pubescence of face light brown. Clypeus, scape, front, and temples
with rather long, dense, dark hairs; thorax, propodeum, coxae, and femora with
abundant setae of moderate length; abdomen wholly clothed with sparse, erect
or semierect setae, including the dorsum (in general, the body is considerably
more hairy than in Jaevifrons, about the same as in eubule, less hairy than in
bradleyi). Clypeus 1.6 X as wide as high, its apical margin evenly rounded.
Head 1.15 X as wide as high; vertex elevated in an even arc between tops of
eyes. MID .69 X TFD; UID 1.3 X LID; POL:OOL= 10:13; posterior ocelli
removed from vertex crest by less than twice their own diameters. Antennae
relatively short, segment three barely longer than thick, segments 4-12 each
about 1.25 X as long as thick. Slope of propodeum rather low, slightly steeper
on posterior third than anteriorly; sides of dorsum not humped; postero-lateral
angles not at all prominent. Claws cleft, inner ray subacute except on inner
front tarsal claws, where the inner ray is rounded, lobe-like. SGP keeled,
elongate, tapering to a subacute apex (fig. 67). Parameres of genitalia not
swollen apically, abruptly truncate; digiti with the setulae absent over most of
the center and mesal surface of the disc (fig. 28).

Distribution. — Guatemala and southern Mexico. (Map 18.)

Specimens examined. —1 °,2 4 8. GUATEMALA: 1 2°, Trece
Aguas [type, USNM]. Mexico: More.os: 1 ¢, 4 mi. E Cuerna-
vaca, June (HEE) [MCZ]; VERAcRuz: 1 ¢, Jalapa, 28 Sept. 1961
(RRD) [MSU].

Variation. — In the Jalapa male, antennal segments 4-12 are
each about 1.4 X as long as thick, the SGP slightly less slender than
figured.

Psorthaspis regalis (Smith)

Pompilus regalis Smith, 1862, Jour. Ent., 1: 396 [Type: ?, Mexico: (no
further data) (BMNH, no. 19, 306)].— Cameron, 1893, Biol.
Centr.-Amer., Hymen II, p. 200.

Psorthaspis banksi Bradley, 1944, Vrans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 55 [Type: °,
MEXICO: VERACRUZ: Orizaba (ANSP)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1954.

Psorthaspis regalis Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1662, p. 6.

Examination of the type of regalis reveals that the claws are of

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

100 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

the form characteristic of laevifrons and its allies, rather than of the
form characteristic of vicina and macronotum as I had previously
supposed. Thus the species will not key out properly in the key I
presented in 1954. The male of this species has not previously been
recognized, but I feel fairly confident that the male described below
belongs with this species.

Description of type female. — Length 21 mm.; fore wing 14.5 mm. Black,
body and legs wholly covered with brilliant bluish pubescence; wings fuscous,
violaceous. Erect setae short and inconspicuous on head, pronotum, and apex
of abdomen; front coxae setose; body otherwise without erect setae. Head
unusually long, measuring about .9 K as wide as long.. Clypeus large and fiat,
1.25 X as wide as high, its apical margin weakly emarginate. Clypeo-frontal
bridge narrow, round-topped, not depressed below level of clypeus and front.
Front broad, MID .66 X TFD, 1.14 X LID, .90 X height of eye; UID 1.0 X
LID. POL:OOL= 19:32; posterior ocelli removed from vertex crest by 1.6
X POL. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 25:5:18:16, seg-
ment three 3 X as long as thick, .4 X UID. Vertex, in anterior view, weakly
concave, distance from eye tops to vertex crest immediately above them sub-
equal to WOT; vertex seen from above strongly concave, fitting around the an-
terior extension of the prothorax. Pronotum moderately long, disc two-thirds
as long as its maximum width, disc on a slightly higher plane than the collar.
Propodeum with a median impression and with numerous strong transverse
rugae behind; surface somewhat humped behind spiracles; declivity abrupt,
weakly concave. Middle and hind tibiae with numerous strong spines above.
Claws with the tooth rather long, the outer ray strongly curved so as to be
nearly parallel to the tooth; apical tarsal segments not spined beneath. Fore
wing with SMC3 narrower both above and below than SMC2. Abdomen
slender, very strongly compressed toward the apex.

Plesiallotype. — 6, MExico: MorRELOos: 3 mi. NW Cuernavaca,
6500 feet, 28 June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ].

Description of plesiallotype male. — Length 14 mm.; fore wing 13.5 mm.
Black, pubescence of body and legs bluish, with some violaceous reflections;
face and lower front with coarse, grayish pubescence; wings fuscous, violac-
eous. Head, thorax, propodeum, coxae, and femora clothed with short, dark
hairs, these hairs considerably denser than in Jaevifrons, but less dense and
considerably shorter than in bradleyi; abdomen with a considerable amount of
suberect dark hair, but that on the basal two tergites sparse and inconspicuous.
Head very slightly wider than high; vertex elevated in an even arc above eyes,
except very slightly humped at and behind ocellar triangle. Clypeus 1.3 X as
wide as high, its apical margin subtruncate, actually very weakly convex. MID
.65 X TFD; eyes strongly diverging above, UID 1.3 X LID. POL:OOL=

HOWARD E. EVANS 101

4:5; posterior ocelli removed from vertex crest by about two-thirds X POL.
Antennae elongate, segment three 1.2 X as long as thick, segments 4-12 each
about 1.6 X as long as thick. Propodeum somewhat humped along the sides
of the dorsum, the postero-lateral angles roundly prominent; in profile, slope
much steeper on posterior third than anteriorly. Claws strongly bifid, inner
ray subtruncate (except inner front claws, in which the inner ray is rounded,
lobe-like.) SGP strongly keeled, without lateral angulations, shaped much as
in bradleyi but somewhat shorter and considerably wider on the basal half (fig.
68). Parameres of genitalia decidedly swollen and club-like apically, the geni-
talia not otherwise differing notably from those of guatemalae, shown in fig. 28.

Distribution. — Central and southern Mexico. (Map 18.)

Specimens examined. —3 22,3 66. Mexico: 1 ? (no fur-
ther data) [type, BMNH]; VERAcRuz: 1 @, Orizaba [type of banksi,
ANSP]; MoreELos: 3 ¢ ¢, 3 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 26-28 June 1959,
6500 feet (HEE) [MCZ]; CutApas: 1 2, Simojovel, 17 March 1953
(EIS) [CIS].

Variation. — The two other males from Morelos are smaller, the
fore wing measuring 10.5 and 12.5 mm. In both specimens the
pubescence of the face and lower front is conspicuously silvery. In
both specimens antennal segments 4-12 are only about 1.5 X as long
as thick. The Chiapas female is 18 mm. long, not counting the very
long sting.

Psorthaspis eubule (Cameron)

Pompilus eubule Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 187 [Type:
2, Mexico: GUERRERO: Amula, 6000 feet (H. H. Smith) (BMNH,
no. 19, 307) ]. — Schulz, 1911, Zool Annalen, 4: 119.

Pompilus imperialis Cameron, 1893, ibid., p. 196 (in part; 4, Xucumanatlan,
Guerrero; not imperialis Smith, misidentification).

Psorthaspis eubule Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 78. — Evans,
1954, Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1662, p. 3.

This species is known from only two specimens, both from high
altitudes in Guerrero.

Description of type female. — Length 16 mm.; fore wing 13.5 mm. Black,
body and legs covered with brilliant bluish-violaceous pubescence; wings fus-
cous, violaceous. Erect setae short but numerous on head, pronotum, coxae,
and to some extent the femora; abdomen setose ventrally and apically. Cly-
peus 1.45 X as wide as high, its apical margin convexly rounded; disc flat.
Clypeo-frontal bridge narrow, round-topped, not depressed below level of cly-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

102 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

peus and front. MID .64 X TFD, 1.2 X LID, .95 X eye height; UID 1.04
X LID. POL:OOL=8:13; posterior ocelli removed from vertex crest by 1.1
X POL. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 21:6:14:14; seg-
ment three 2.5 XK as long as thick, .34 X UID. Vertex passing straight across
immediately above eye tops, as seen from above only weakly concave. Pro-
notum with disc .6 as long as its maximum width; collar barely depressed be-
low level of disc. Propodeum with a median impression and with numerous
transverse rugae; center of declivity weakly concave. Middle and hind tibiae
with numerous spines above; apical tarsal segments not spined beneath. Claws
with the tooth long, the outer ray strongly curved so as to be subparallel to
the tooth. SMC3 slightly narrower below than SMC2, much narrower above
than SMC2, third intercubital vein strongly arched. Abdomen weakly com-
pressed apically.

Plesiallotype. — 8, MEXICO: GUERRERO: Xucumanatlan, 7000
feet, July (HHS) [BMNH].

Description of plesiallotvpe male.-— Length 9.5 mm.; fore wing 9 mm.
Black, pubescence conspicuously bluish-violaceous; wings fuscous, violaceous;
front without pale pubescence. Head, thorax, propodeum, coxae, and femora
all clothed rather densely with dark, erect hair, about as in the preceding species
but the hairs shorter and less dense than in bradleyi; abdomen with suberect
hairs above and below, the first tergite with a considerable amount of hair
basally. Head 1.07 X as wide as high; vertex forming an even arc above eye
tops. Clypeus 1.4 X as wide as high, its apical margin strongly rounded. MID
.69 X TFD; eyes strongly diverging above, UID 1.3 X LID. POL:OOL=
12:17; posterior ocelli removed from vertex crest by about .5 X POL. An-
tennae elongate, segment three 1.4 X as long as thick, segments 4-12 each
about 1.6 X as long as thick. Propodeum with the slope rather low, only
slightly steeper on posterior third than anteriorly, sides of dorsum not humped
and postero-lateral angle not prominent. Claws bifid, inner ray subacute ex-
cept that of inner front claws rounded. SGP strongly keeled, shaped much as
in regalis but shorter and broader (fig. 69). Parameres of genitalia in the
form of short, abruptly truncate rods, not swollen apically; disc of digiti with
most of the setae on the margin, leaving a large central area smooth; genitalia
almost exactly as figured for guatemalae (fig. 28) except volsellae with a larger
number of setae below the digitus, and parameres with a larger number of
setae on their mesal surfaces.

Distribution. — Known only from the type and plesiallotype, from
Guerrero, Mexico. (Map 16.)
Psorthaspis bradleyi Evans
Psorthaspis bradleyi Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1662, pp. 3-5

HOWARD E. EVANS 103

[Type: 2, Mexico: Zacatecas: 15 km. E Sombrerete, about 7300
feet, 28-31 July 1951 (HEE) (AMNH)].

Female. — Length 16-26 mm. Black; pubescence purple, grading into
bluish on the legs, apex of abdomen, and fore wing; wings fuscous, violaceous.
Front, vertex, and entire thorax and propodeum, including legs to femora, with
a thin covering of short, erect setae. Head 1.05 X as wide as high. Clypeus
1.4 X as wide as high, its apical margin evenly convex. Clypeo-frontal bridge
narrow, round-topped, not at all depressed below level of front and clypeus.
MID .70 X TFD, 1.15 X height of eye; UID 1.05 X LID. OOL about 1.5 X
POL; distance from posterior ocelli to vertex crest about 1.3 X POL. In front
view, vertex extending beyond a line connecting eye tops by a distance slightly
greater than length of second antennal segment. Pronotum .7 as long as its
maximum width; collar not depressed below level of disc medially. Propodeum
with very strong rugae. Claws as in the preceding species. Abdomen weakly
compressed apically.

Male. — Length 9-16 mm. Color as in female. Scape densely hairy;
entire head, thorax, and propodeum with dense, long, dark hairs; coxae, tro-
chanters, and femora densely hairy, tibiae slightly so; abdomen densely hairy,
even dorsally. Head in anterior view nearly circular, very slightly wider than
high; vertex elevated in an even arc above eyes. Clypeus about 1.5 X as wide
as high, its apical margin convex. MID .68 X TFD; UID 1.1 X LID; OOL
1.3 X POL. Antennae elongate, segment three about 1.3 X as long as thick,
segments 4-12 each about 1.7-1.9 X as long as thick. Propodeum with a short,
oblique declivity. Claws bifid, the inner ray subacute. SGP long and slender,
without lateral angulations, strongly keeled medially (see fig. 1 in Evans, 1954).
Genitalia with the parameres squarely truncate; digiti club-shaped, the apex
scarcely produced medially.

Distribution. — West-central Mexico, states of Zacatecas and
Durango, at altitudes of 7300-8500 feet. (Map 18.)

Specimens examined. —8 2°, 10 66. ZACATECAS: 3 2 2,
10 6 6, 15 km. E of Sombrerete, about 7300 feet, 28-31 July 1951
(HEE & PDH) [AMNH, USNM, CU, CIS, MCZ]. DuRANGo: 3
2 2, Palos Colorados, 8000 feet, 5 Aug. 1947 (WG) [AMNH];
1 ?, Coyotes, 8300 feet, 8 Aug. 1947 (MC) [AMNH]; 1 2, 6 mi.
NE El Salto, 8500 feet, 10 Aug. 1947 (R. Schrammel) [AMNH].

Psorthaspis planata (Fox)

Planiceps planatus Fox, 1892, Ent. News, 3: 171 [Type: 2, CALIFORNIA: San
Diego (F. E. Blaisdell) (ANSP) ].
Pompilus aequus Fox, 1894, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2)4: 99 [Type: 2°,

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

104 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Mexico: BAJA CALIFORNIA: El Taste (CAS)]. Synonym by Brad-
ley, 1944.

Pompilus (Pedinaspis) planatus Fox, 1897, Ent. News, 8: 33.

Parapompilus planatus Davidson, 1905, Ent. News, 16: 233 (biology).

Pedinaspis (Pedinaspis) planatus Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 231.

Sophropompilus tumifrons Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 103
[Type: 3, CaLiForNiIA: San Diego Co. (E. P. Van Duzee) (MCZ,
no. 10, 016)].— Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 238.
Synonym by Bradley, 1944.

Psorthaspis planatus Banks, 1919, ibid., p. 241. — Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 70: 52-54. — Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Nov., no. 1662,
[D5 UA.

Pedinaspis bucephala Malloch, 1928, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 30: 101 [Type: ¢,
CALIFORNIA: Palm Springs, 9 Aug. 1917 (E. G. Holt) (USNM, no.
27, 431)]. Synonym by Bradley, 1944.

Pedinaspis albocaudata Malloch, 1928, ibid., p. 101 [Type: ¢, ARIZONA:
Higley, 27 June 1917 (E. G. Holt) (USNM, no. 27, 432)]. Syno-
nym by Evans, 1958, Ent. News, 69: 148-149.

Pedinaspis planatus Jenks, 1938, Nat. Geogr. Mag., 74: 807-828 (biology).

Allocyphonyx albocaudatus Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 152.

Psorthaspis morosa Bradley, 1944, ibid., p. 42 [Type: 2, Utah (USNM, no.
57, 923)]. Synonym by Evans, 1954.

As the long synonymy suggests, this is a highly variable species.
It is a reasonably common species within its somewhat restricted
range, and might provide a worthwhile subject for a detailed study
of variation. Males from Arizona and from east of the coast ranges
in southern California have a large amount of whitish pubescence
on the apex of the abdomen (albocaudata Malloch). It is possible
that this represents an introgression of genes from the closely related
species portiae. Baja California females have the head unusually
thin and broad and the claws more strongly dentate and with the
outer ray more strongly curved (aequus Fox). I question whether
these differences are sufficiently clear-cut to justify the use of sub-
specific names, but further study is clearly desirable.

Female. — Length 9-22 mm. Black, pubescence bluish or violaceous,
often with some greenish-blue reflections; Baja California specimens generally
with the pubescence of the front of the head pale, grayish or somewhat silvery;
wings fuscous, violaceous. Front and thoracic dorsum with the erect hair short
and relatively sparse; propodeum and femora not or barely hairy. Clypeus
flat, its apical margin weakly rounded. Clypeo-frontal bridge broad, on same
plane as clypeus and front, its flat top nearly or fully as wide as an antennal

HOWARD E. EVANS 105

socket. Eyes diverging above, UID about 1.1 X LID; vertex extended some-
what above eye tops, extending straight across or slightly concave in the middle;
distance from posterior ocelli to vertex crest equal to about 1.5 (1.3-1.8) X
POL. Propodeum with strong transverse rugae and with a strongly defined,
slightly concave declivity. Hind tibiae with several spines above. Claws den-
tate, Baja California specimens with the claws rather strongly curved and the
tooth strong, almost as in Jaevifrons, bradleyi, and their allies. Abdomen
weakly compressed apically.

Male. — Length 8-13 mm. Black, pubescence extensively bluish or some-
what violaceous, often entirely so, but specimens from southern parts of the
range often with silvery pubescence on the lower front and temples, specimens
from Arizona and southeastern California also with silvery pubescence on the
posterior margin of the pronotum and on the apical abdominal tergites (in
some Baja California specimens the pubescence of the apical tergite is grayish
or somewhat silvery); wings fuscous, violaceous. Front with rather dense,
short setae, but body setae otherwise short and sparse except more numerous
toward tip of abdomen. Clypeus rounded below. Antennae of moderate,
rather variable length; segments 4-12 each from 1.25-1.7 X as long as thick.
Eyes strongly diverging above; upper front rather strongly convex; vertex much
elevated above eye tops and weakly to strongly humped in the ocellar triangle,
which is very broad and flat. Propodeum elongate, with a short, concave
declivity on the sides of which it is rather strongly produced backward. Claws
bifid, inner ray acute or subacute, except inner claws of front tarsi with inner
ray rounded, lobe-like. SGP tapering to a subacute apex, its median ridge
strong, arched in profile; sides dentate well before apex. Genitalia not differ-
ing notably from those of other species of the genus, the parameres short,
truncate, not swollen apically.

Distribution. — Central California and Utah to Arizona and Baja
California. (Map 19.)

Mexican specimens examined. —11 22,12 66. BAJA CALI-
FORNIA: | 6, 20 mi. N Mesquital, 27 Sept. 1941 (ESR & GEB)
[CAS]; 1 ¢, Isla Partida, Gulf of Calif., 23 Mch. 1953 (P. H. Ar-
naud) [CAS]; 2 ¢ 6, Cedros Island, 3 June 1925 (H. H. Keifer)
[CAS]; 1 ¢@, 3 mi. NW Miraflores, 19 Jan. 1959 (HBL) [CAS];
i @, lal Wasi (CASI © .2 285 © 6 Gy ILA leave KOEI Coren i eays
CEXW I ICASIE 2) 99293 side 25s mi W ia" Paz, 4 Sept. 1959
(Radford & Werner) [UA].

Psorthaspis portiae portiae (Rohwer)

Pedinaspis (Psorthaspis) portiae Rohwer, 1920, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 57:
228 [Type: 2, Arizona: Sabinal Basin, 17 Sept. 1918 (C. H. T.
Townsend) (USNM, no. 22, 032)].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

106 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Map 19

ZX Psorthaspis planata (Fox)

(some Calif. records omitted)
@ Psorthaspis p. portiae (Rohwer)
©) Psorthaspis p. conocephala Bradley
A Psorthaspis formosa (Smith)

Psorthaspis portiae Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 56-57.
Psorthaspis portiae portiae Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Nov., no. 1662, pp. 12-
13 (Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas; 6 described).

This species is closely related on the one hand to the all-black
planata, on the other hand to the brightly-colored, banded-winged
species formosa (Smith). These species are largely allopatric, but
the differences are sufficiently great so that it seems best to consider
them three full species constituting a superspecies. Portiae itself
falls into two rather distinct subspecies.

Female. — Length 12-21 mm. Color black, except apical abdominal
tergites somewhat ferruginous, the integument largely concealed by very heavy
orange tomentum on the upper front and temples, vertex, pronotum except
extreme sides, mesoscutum, tegulae, base of scutellum, apical half of T2 and
all of T3-6; pubescence of S3-6 finer and somewhat paler; pubescence elsewhere
violaceous, with bluish and blue-green reflections; wings fuscous, usually weakly
violaceous, tips of fore wings often rather pale. Features of head essentially
as in planata, the clypeo-frontal bridge broad and flat-topped as in that species;
distance from posterior ocelli to vertex crest 1.4-1.8 X POL. Propodeum with
strong transverse rugae, especially on the sides of the declivity and margining

HOWARD E. EVANS 107

the declivity anteriorly. Claws strongly curved and with the tooth large, about
as in Baja California specimens of planata.

Male. — Length 6-12 mm. Black; pubescence coarse, silvery over much
of the body, dark and somewhat violaceous at least on parts of the thoracic
dorsum, basal half of the propodeum, and apical margins of T1 and 2, also
often extending along the median line to or toward the base of the first two
tergites, so that the silvery pubescence is partly or wholly divided into lateral
spots; wings completely hyaline, with brownish veins, or occasionally the fore
wing with a weak apical fuscous band. Body with a considerable amount of
white erect hair; front, vertex, thoracic dorsum and pleura, and propodeum
with rather abundant short to fairly long white hair; coxae and femora also
with short hair. Antennae of rather variable length, segment four from 1.3 to
1.7 X as long as thick. Vertex strongly humped just behind the ocellar triangle.
Sides of propodeal declivity strongly produced backward, as in planata, and
the claws as in that species. SGP as figured by Evans, 1954, fig. 3, neither
the plate nor the genitalia differing notably from those of planata.

Distribution. — Southern Arizona to Sinaloa and Jalisco, east to
Nuevo Leon. (Map 19.)

Specimens examined. — 49 © 2,43 6 6. ARIZONA: | 2,1 4,
Santa Catalina Mts., Aug., Sept. [MCZ]; 1 ¢°, Sabinal Basin, Sept.
(Townsend) [USNM]; 2 ¢ 2, 1 4, Apache, Cochise Co., 27 July
(HEE) [MCZ, CU]; 1 2, Chiricahua Mts., Sept. (J. A. Kusche)
[CAS]; 2 2? 2, Douglas, Aug., Sept. (W. W. Jones) [USNM, CU];
1 6, Santa Rita Mts., July (R. H. Beamer) [KU]; 1 4, Sabino Can-
yon, Santa Catalina Mts., May (G. D. Butler) [UA]; 1 ¢, 8 mi. N
Sonoita, July (W. Nutting) [MCZ]; 1 ¢@, Sonoita, July (J. O. Mar-
tin) [CAS]; 1 2°, 8 mi. W Nogales, 6000 feet, July (Werner & Nut-
ting) [MCZ]; 2 ° °, Baboquivari Mts., Sept., Oct. (O. C. Poling)
ICAS] SONORA; 2° 29°9°)1 65 10 mi. E Navajoa, 13 Aug: 1959
(Werner & Nutting) [UA]. SINALOA: 1 ¢, Culiacan, 5 May 1953
(EIS) [CIS]; 1 2, Los Mochis, 16 Sept. 1947 (M. Marquis) [CAS].
CHIHUAHUA: 1 2, Salaices, 23 July 1947 (Spieth) [AMNH]; 1 °,
Santa Barbara, 6300 feet, 17 July 1947 (WG) [AMNH]; 1 2, Chi-
huahua, 12 Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS]; 2 ¢ 6, 16 mi. SE Chihuahua,
11 July 1947 (WG) [AMNH]; 1 ¢, 27 mi. S Chihuahua, 7 Sept.
1950 (RFS) [AMNH]; 1 ¢°, Santa Clara Canyon, 5 mi. W Parrita,
6 July 1954 (JWM) [CIS]; 1 ¢, 32 mi. S Hidalgo de Parral, 21
Aug. 1960 (D. C. Rentz) [CAS]; 1 ¢, 9 mi. E Parral, 11 Sept. 1950
(RFS) [AMNH]; 1 4, 42 mi. SW Camargo, 4900 feet, 15 July 1947
(CDM) [AMNH]. Duranco: 12 ¢2, 4 ¢ 6, 8 mi. S Canutillo,

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

108 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

9 Aug. 1951 (HEE & PDH) [MCZ, CIS, CU]; 5 ¢ ¢, Palos Colo-
rados, 8000 feet, 5 Aug. 1947 [AMNH]; 11 ¢ 6, 14 mi. NW Cebal-
los, 10 Sept. 1963 (HAS) [OSU]; 4 22,2 é¢ 6, Nombre de Dios,
Aug. (HEE & PDH) [CIS, MCZ]; 2 22,1 4, Encino, 6200 feet,
27 July 1947 [AMNH]; 2 4 4, Yerbanis, Cuencame Dist., 6700
feet, 19 Aug. 1947 (MC) [AMNH]; 3 2 ¢, Las Puentes, 7500 feet,
24 July 1947 [AMNH]; 1 ¢, Durango, 6000 feet, 22 Oct. 1957
(HAS) [OSU]. ZacaTEcas: 7 6 ¢, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31
July 1951 (HEE, PDH) [CIS, MCZ, CU]; 2 4 3, Fresnillo, 7000
feet, 15 Aug. 1947 (CDM) [AMNH]. Jatisco: 1 ¢, La Primavera,
8 July 1956 (RRD) [MSU]; 2 2 2, Guadalajara, 25 July 1965
(HEE) [MCZ]. Nuevo LEon: 1 ¢, 4 mi. W El Cercado, 6 June
1951 (PDH) [CIS].

Psorthaspis portiae conocephala Bradley

Psorthaspis conocephala Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 67-68
[Type: 6, Texas: Brownsville (J. C. Bridwell) (USNM, no. 57,
929) ].

Psorthaspis portiae conocephala Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Nov., no. 1662, pp.
13-14 (Nuevo Leon).

Female. — Length 14-18 mm. Closely resembling p. portiae, but the
orange tomentum generally slightly less coarse, absent from the head or present
in limited amount on the vertex and occiput, extending on to the side pieces
of the pronotum only slightly. Fore wing frequently abruptly paler on apical
fourth. Propodeum coarsely rugose on the sides, the rugae reduced or absent
medially.

Male. — Length 7-10.5 mm. Body with white hairs only on the temples,
propleura, and to a lesser extent on the front, vertex, and thoracic dorsum
and pleura; coxae and femora not at all hairy. Body almost entirely clothed
with coarse silvery pubescence, this pubescence usually absent only from the
posterior margins of the first two tergites. Other features as in p. portiae.

Distribution. — Texas and northeastern Mexico. (Map 19.)

Specimens examined. —9 22,8 84. TEXAS: 1 2, Wichita
Falls, Sept. (W. McGregor) [CIS]; 1 2, Bexar Co., 27 Oct. 1931
[CIS]; 1 ¢, Kingsville (C. T. Reed) [MCZ]; 1 °, Hondo, Medina
Co., 3 June 1909 (J. D. Mitchell) [USNM]; 3 22,2 ¢ 6, Pt. Isa-
bel, Cameron Co., 20-27 June (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢&, (no further
data) [ANSP]; 3 ¢ 6, 5 mi. N Sinton, 7 May 1958 (HEE) [MCZ].
NuEvo LEon: 1 ¢, Apodaca, 8 June 1956 (R. Gonzales) [ENAC];

HOWARD E. EVANS 109
4 $6, Vallecillo, 2-5 June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ, CU].

Psorthaspis formosa (Smith)

Ferreola formosa Smith, 1862, Jour. Ent., 1: 399 [Type: 2, MEXICO: OAXACA:
Oaxaca (BMNH, no. 19, 312)].

Salius tomentosus Taschenberg, 1869, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw., 34: 70-72 ilulype:
Q, Mexico (no further data) (Zool. Inst., Halle, Cemmean Ik New
synonym.

Pompilus formosus Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 189.

Pompilus rinconensis Cameron, 1897, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) 19: 375
[Type: 2, MExico: GUERRERO: Rincon, 2800 feet, October (HHS)
(BMNH, no. 19, 313)].—Cameron, 1899, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Hymen. II, Suppl., p. 404. New synonym.

Pedinaspis alternata Banks, 1931, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 26: 132 [Type:
6, Mexico: YUCATAN: Chichen Itza, June 1929 (JB) (MCZ, no.
16, 537)]. New synonym.

Psorthaspis formosa Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 58-59. —
Evans, 1954, Amer. Mus. Nov., no. 1662, p. 12.

Psorthaspis alternata Bradley, 1944, op. cit., pp. 69-70. — Evans, 1954, op.
cit., pp. 12, 14.

The females of this species differ strikingly from portiae in the
color pattern of the pubescence and in the banding of the wings.
However, the structural differences are rather slight, and furthermore
two specimens are known which are somewhat intermediate in color
pattern between portiae and formosa (see below, under “Variation” ).
The type of rinconensis is a perfectly typical female formosa, and it
seems clear from Taschenberg’s description of tomentosus that he
was also dealing with this species. Neither of these names was treated
by Bradley in his revision of the Aporini. Since alternata Banks is
sympatric with formosa and is known only from males which differ
but slightly from portiae males, it seems virtually certain that it rep-
resents the male sex of formosa, as I suggested in 1954.

Description of type female. — Length 17 mm.; fore wing 11.5 mm. Color
wholly black, strongly patterned with pubescence; front, vertex, upper temples,
entire pronotum and mesoscutum, and T3 and 4 with heavy orange pubescence
which obscures the integument; face, clypeus, legs, lower pleura, apical .8 of
propodeum (except center of declivity), apex of T1 and base of T2, and all
of S1-4 with somewhat finer silvery to glaucous pubescence; other parts with
dark, violaceous pubescence. Fore wings strongly banded, both the mem-
brane and the setulae dark in the bands; basal .2 dark, a dark band across the

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

110 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

basal and transverse median veins, and a broader dark band across wing
through and below marginal cell; setulae between the bands coarse and some-
what milky in color, but the tip of the wing subhyaline, with minute setulae.
Clypeus 1.4 X as broad as high, its apical margin very weakly rounded, disc
flat. Clypeo-frontal bridge rather wide, flat-topped, on same plane as clypeus
and front. Head 1.08 X as wide as high; MID .67 X TFD, subequal to eye
height; UID 1.16 X LID. POL:OOL=9:15; posterior ocelli removed from
vertex crest by 1.6 X POL. Antennal segment three about 3 X as long as
thick, .32 X UID. Pronotum rather long, its disc 1.5 X as wide as long; collar
on almost the same plane as the disc. Propodeum weakly impressed medially,
with strong transverse rugae which are absent anteriorly and in the center of
the declivity, which is concave. Claws with inner tooth erect, strong, sub-
parallel to outer ray though not quite as long. Fore wing with SMC3 slightly
wider above and below than second.

Description of type male of alternata. — Length 9 mm.; fore wing 8 mm.
Black; pubescence extensively silvery or somewhat milky in color, very coarse,
except dark and somewhat violaceous on the vertex, across pronotal disc, much
of mesoscutum and scutellum, base of propodeum, and apex of T1 and 2.
Wings very faintly clouded, fore wing more distinctly clouded in marginal cell
and along outer wing margin. Body with short, suberect, whitish hairs in mod-
erate abundance, including a few on the coxae and femora (about as in portiae
portiae). Clypeus 1.6 X as wide as high, its apical margin rounded. Head
1.05 X as wide as high; MID .65 X TED; eyes strongly diverging above, UID
1.5 X LID. POL very slightly exceeding OOL; vertex weakly humped just
behind the ocellar triangle. Antennae rather short and compact, segment four
measuring 1.4 XK as long as wide. Postero-lateral angles of propodeum very
prominent. Claws bifid, the inner ray subtruncate except in the case of the
inner claws of the front tarsi, where the inner ray is lobe-like. Venation not
differing notably from that of the female or from that of related species. Ter-
minalia indistinguishable from those of planata and portiae.

Distribution. —- Central Mexico to Costa Rica. (Map 19.)

Specimens examined. —11 22, 22 64. Mexico: 1 2 (no
further data) [USNM]. SrinaLoa: 1 ¢, Mazatlan, 25 July 1918
(J. A. Kusche) [CAS]. GuERRERO: 1 ¢, Rincon, 2800 feet, Oct.
(HHS) [BMNH]; 1 2, Iguala (Hoege) [BMNH]; 1 ¢, 3 mi. N
Taxco, 5500 feet, 1 June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. More os: 1 2°,
Canyon de Lobos, nr. Yautepec, 13 March 1959 (HEE) [CU]; 1 2,
S end Cuernavaca, 4500 feet, 11 May 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢,
5 mi. S Cuernavaca, 5 May 1962 (LS) [UCD]; 2 634, 3 mi. N
Alpuyeca, 3400 feet, 3 April 1959 (HEE) [MCZ, CU]. Mexico:
1 72>) Neotihuacan, 7500 tee 3 July 959) (HEE) SiNiCZ| alae
Ixtapan de la Sal, 5500 feet, 9 Aug. 1954 [KU]. PUEBLA: 3 2g,

HOWARD E. EVANS WAU

3 mi. N Petlalcingo, 2 Apr. 1962, 3 Aug. 1963 (LS) [UCD]. VeERa-
CRUZ: 12 6 8, Minatitlan, 26 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]. Oaxaca:
1 2, Oaxaca [type, BMNH]; 1 ¢, 24 mi. SE Oaxaca, 22 Aug. 1963
(HAS) [OSU]. YucaTAN: | ¢, Chichen Itza, June 1929 (JB)
[MCZ]; 2 ¢ 8, Progreso, 23 July 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. CuiaPas:
2 66, 20 mi. S Tuxtla Gutierrez, 12 Aug. 1963 (FDP) [UCD].
Costa Rica: 1 ¢, 12 mi. SW Cafias, Guanacaste Prov., 27 Feb.
1964 (HEE) [MCZ].

Variation. — The males vary in length from 6 to 10 mm., fore
wing from 5.5 to 8.5 mm. In the three Morelos specimens and the
one from Oaxaca the vertex is not at all elevated behind the ocellar
triangle. Antennal segment four varies from 1.2 to 1.4 X as long
as wide. There is no important variation in wing color, but there
is considerable variation in the color of the pubescence on the api-
cal half of the abdomen (T3 and beyond). In the male from 5 mi.
S Cuernavaca and in those from Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Costa Rica
the pubescence here is bright orange similar to that on T3 and 4 of
the female. In the series from Minatitlan, there is variation in the
pubescence of the apical part of the abdomen all the way from sil-
very through yellowish to bright orange. In this series, also, much
variation can be noted in degree to which the vertex is humped be-
hind the ocelli.

The available females vary in length from 13 to 17 mm., the
fore wing from 9 to 11.5 mm. In smaller specimens the vertex tends
to be less strongly extended above the tops of the eyes and ocelli; in
the Canyon de Lobos specimen the distance from the posterior ocelli
to the vertex crest is only 1.3 X POL. In the female from Sinaloa
there are small, paired pale spots on T2, and apparently T3 and 4
have pale markings beneath the heavy integument.

The female cited by Bradley simply from “Mexico”, and the
female from Teotihuacan in the state of Mexico, cited above, have
the dark bands of the wings much wider so that the pale bands be-
tween them are very narrow, even obsolescent. These two specimens
also have the pale pubescence of the body much reduced, the pleura
and propodeum being mostly or wholly dark, the first tergite with
only a narrow apical band of pale pubescence or none at all. Since
this variation is in the direction of portiae, one wonders if there may

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

112 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

——

Map 20

@ Chalcochares engleharti (Banks)
A Psorthaspis v. variegata (Smith)
ZX Psorthaspis v. impudica (Cameron)

have been an introgression of portiae genes into the population at
higher altitudes in central Mexico. Further study may reveal a zone
of intergradation between these two forms.

Psorthaspis variegata variegata (Smith)

Ferreola variegata Smith, 1862, Jour. Ent., 1: 398-399 [Type: 2, MExICco (no
further data) (BMNH, no. 19, 311)].

Pompilus confusaneus Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 12: 369
[Type: ¢, Mexico: VERACRUZ: Orizaba (F. Sumichrast) (ANSP,
no. 559)]. — Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 201.
New synonym.

Ferreola formosa Cresson, 1869, ibid., p. 376 (Orizaba, Mexico; misidentifi-
cation).

Pompilus pictus Kohl, 1886, Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 36: 338 [Type:
9, Mexico: MorELOs: Cuernavaca (Bilimek) (? Vienna Mus.) ]. —
Cameron, 1893, op. cit., p. 188. New synonym.

Pompilus variegatus Cameron, 1893, ibid., p. 188.

Pedinaspis picta Schulz, 1911, Zool. Annalen, 4: 120.

Psorthaspis picta Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 68-69 (rede-
scribed).

Psorthaspis variegata Bradley, 1944, ibid., p. 73 (listed as not recognized).

HOWARD E. EVANS 113

Dicyrtomalis confusanea Bradley, 1944, Notulae Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
no. 145, p. 11.

Smith’s description of variegata is exceedingly brief and inade-
quate, and it is little wonder that subsequent workers have failed to
recognize his species. The type is in good condition except that
some of the pubescence has been rubbed off. The synonymy of the
two Cresson “male” species which Bradley placed in his genus Di-
cyrtomalis (confusanea and connexa) with the two most highly
evolved “female” species of Psorthaspis, variegata and bugabensis,
is admittedly no more than a guess, yet I have considerable confidence
in this conclusion. These two males, which have unusually short
antennae but are otherwise not dissimilar to the males of formosa
and portiae, are unquestionably the males of two specialized, brightly
colored Psorthaspis, and variegata and bugabensis are the only known
females with which they might go. Reasons for specifically asso-
ciating connexa with bugabensis (more particularly with the form
described by Bradley as bioculata) are discussed under that species.

Description of type female. — Length 11 mm.; fore wing 9 mm. Color
black, except second antennal segment and adjacent parts of first and third
dark rufous, and T3 with a broad orange band, emarginate behind. Front,
vertex, and temples with dense golden pubescence; pronotum with coarse black
pubescence on front half, with dense golden pubescence behind, like the meso-
scutum; scutellum, metanotum, and base of propodeum with black pubescence;
greater part of propodeum and T1 with coarse, whitish pubescence; pleura,
legs, abdominal venter and apical two tergites also with whitish pubescence.®
Fore wings with prominent banding which involves both the membrane and
the rather coarse setulae; basal half of wing dark except for a milky-white band
in the median and submedian cells, not reaching the anal cell; a second milky
white to luteous band starts just basad of the stigma and barely reaches the
hind margin of the wing; apical .4 of wing dark except for a narrow, subhy-
aline, preapical streak. Clypeus 1.4 X as broad as high, its apical margin
weakly rounded. Clypeo-frontal bridge round-topped, not depressed below
level of clypeus and front. MID .63 X TFD, .92 X height of eye; UID 1.15
X LID. POL:OOL= 13:19; distance from posterior ocelli to vertex crest sub-
equal to POL; vertex slightly depressed laterad of posterior ocelli. First four
antennal segments in a ratio of about 33:8:22:21, segment three 3 X as long
as thick, .4 X UID. Vertex passing straight across a short distance above eye
tops. Pronotum of moderate length, disc 1.5 X as wide as long; anterior part

8 Since the type is somewhat rubbed, the statements regarding pubescence are
based in part on the other females available. In fresh specimens the pubescence of
the head and pro- and mesonota is orange.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

114 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

sloping weakly to collar, which is on a slightly lower plane than disc. Pro-
podeum with a weak median impression and with strong transverse rugae on
the sides; disc longitudinally humped on each side, behind the spiracles; de-
clivity concave and without rugae in the center. Claws curved so that the
outer ray is subparallel to the tooth, which is strong. Apex of abdomen only
very weakly compressed.

Description of type male of confusaneus. — Length 9.5 mm.; fore wing
7.5 mm. Black, pubescence coarse, mostly silvery or somewhat milky, pat-
terned with dark pubescence exactly as described for formosa; fore wing weakly
clouded along basal vein, entire apical third also clouded; hind wing weakly
clouded at tip. Head, thoracic dorsum, propleura, and front coxae with short,
pale hairs, but body otherwise without erect setae. Clypeus 1.6 X as wide as
high, its apical margin weakly convex. Head 1.10 X as wide as high; MID
.66 X TFD; UID 1.3 X LID. POL and OOL subequal; vertex less strongly
arched above eye tops than in formosa, very weakly humped in ocellar tri-
angle; crest of vertex less sharp than in connexa. First four antennal segments
in a ratio of about 15:5:7:8, segments three and four each about 1.15 X as
long as wide, segments five through twelve each about 1.1 X as long as wide.
Postero-lateral angles of propodeum prominent, but not forming vertical flanges
as in connexa. Claws as in formosa. SGP strongly keeled, the keel arched in
profile; when flattened out (fig. 65) the sides are seen to be angulate, much as
in portiae and formosa. Genitalia (fig. 29) with the aedoeagus elongate, about
as long as the parapenial lobes and digiti; outer mesal portion of digiti with a
semicircular area devoid of setae.®

Distribution. — Southern Mexico to El Salvador. (Map 20.)

Specimens examined. —5 2 2, 23 66. Mexico: 2 22 (no
further data) [BMNH]. [Moretos: 1 ¢, Cuernavaca, type of pictus
Kohl]. VERACRUZ: 1 2, 1 4, Orizaba (F. Sumichrast) [ANSP];
1 °, 5 mi. W San Andres Tuxtla, 1000 feet elev., 5 July 1959
(B. & B. Valentine) [MCZ]. Cutapas: 1 ?, 15 mi. NW Comitan,
3 Aug. 1952 (Gilbert & MacNeil) [CIS]; 1 4, Pichucalco, 9 Aug.
1962 (RFS) [CIS]. Ext Satvapor: 21 ¢ 6, 31 mi. W Quezalte-
peque, Aug. 1961, June 1963 (M. Irwin) [UCD].

Variation. —In all available females other than the type, the
posterior ocelli are removed from the vertex crest by more than the
length of POL (1.1-1.3 X POL). In the specimens from San An-
dres Tuxtla the black pubescence of the pronotum extends backward
fairly close to the posterior margin medially, and in this specimen
and that from Chiapas the antennae are wholly black. The El Sal-

9 The description of the terminalia is based on the El Salvador specimen, the
genitalia of the type of confusaneus not having been extracted.

HOWARD E. EVANS iS

vador males vary considerably in size (LFW 5-8 mm.); MID varies
from .65 to .69 X TFD; POL:OOL varies from 1:1 to 5:4; an-
tennal segment four varies from 1.1 to 1.2 X as long as thick, seg-
ment eleven from 1.1 to 1.3 X as long as thick. In wing color and
patterning of the pubescence these specimens are very similar to the

type.

Psorthaspis variegata impudica (Cameron)

Pompilus impudicus Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 187
[Type: 2, PANAMA: Pefia Blanca, 3-4000 feet (GCC) (BMNH, no.
19, 314)].

Pedinaspis impudica Schulz, 1911, Zool. Annalen, 4: 119.

Psorthaspis canipennis Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 71-72 [Type:
2, PANAMA: Alajuela, 28 May 1912 (A. Busck) (USNM, no. 57,
931)]. New synonym.

Psorthaspis impudica Bradley, 1944, ibid., p. 72 (listed as not seen).

This form differs only slightly from variegata and is best con-
sidered a subspecies. Presumably the ranges of the two forms meet
somewhere in Central America.

Description of type female. — Length 12 mm.; fore wing 9 mm. Black,
second antennal segment and adjacent parts of first and third dull rufous, T3
with two large basal whitish spots which are narrowly separated medially.
Head, entire pronotum, mesoscutum, and anterior half of scutellum with heavy
orange pubescence which obscures the integument; face, clypeus, legs, lower
pleura, propodeum except base and center of declivity, apical margin of first
tergite, apical two tergites, and all sternites with somewhat finer whitish pu-
bescence. Banding of wings as described for v. variegata. Front of moderate
breadth, MID .60 X TFD, 0.90 X height of eye. All other features as de-
scribed for v. variegata.

Male. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Panama; known only from the type specimens of
impudica and canipennis, cited above. (Map 20.)

Variation. — The type of canipennis is slightly smaller than that
of impudica (11 mm., fore wing 9) and the spots on the third ter-
gite are not quite as large. Otherwise the two types are closely
similar.

Psorthaspis connexa connexa (Cresson) new combination.
Pompilus connexus Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 12: 369-370

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

116 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

[Type: 6, Mexico: VERACRUZ: Orizaba (F. Sumichrast) (ANSP,
no. 560) ]. — Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 201.
Psorthaspis bioculata Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 70-71 [Type:
9, Costa RICA (no further data) (USNM, no. 57, 930)]. New
synonym.
Dicyrtomalis connexa Bradley, 1944, Notulae Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., no.
145, p. 11.

I regard this species as the most highly evolved member of the
genus not only because of the unusual color pattern of the female
but also because of the unique conformation of the vertex and the
anterior part of the pronotum. The male has unusually short an-
tennae and the propodeum is strongly concave behind. The male is
much smaller than the female, but this is no more than the end-
product of a trend which is seen in most of the species of this genus
in which the females are brightly colored. Evidence that connexa
and bioculata represent one species is as follows: (1) both represent
the most specialized species in their particular sex; (2) the vertex of
the male is unusually sharply margined, suggesting the condition in
the female; (3) a male from Panama closely resembling connexa was
taken at the same place and nearly the same time as a series of buga-
bensis, here regarded a subspecies of what has been called bioculata.

Female. — Length 11-16 mm. Black, second antennal segments and adja-
cent parts of first and third dull rufous, T2 with a pair of large pale yellow to
pale orange spots, T4 and base of 5 also of this color. Pubescence of vertex,
upper temples, and entire pronotum pale yellow to light orange; pubescence of
mesoscutum and central part of scutellum and metanotum blackish; face, thor-
acic pleura, legs, and propodeum largely covered with whitish pubescence.
Fore wings nearly hyaline on basal .4, with a strong brown band at basal and
transverse median veins and a second band across wing at marginal cell, these
two bands connected by a bar which fills much of the first discoidal cell, re-
mainder of wing hyaline; hind wing hyaline, with a faint pattern similar to
that of front wing. Clypeus 1.35-1.40 X as wide as high, rather flat, apex
weakly rounded. Clypeo-frontal bridge round-topped, on same plane as cly-
peus and front. Head very slightly wider than high; MID .60-.63 X TED.
POL and OOL subequal; distance from hind ocelli to vertex crest subequal to
POL; vertex crest rather sharp, distinctly raised medially, behind this elevation
with a short, flat surface which fits against a similar short, vertical surface
separating the collar and disc of pronotum. Pronotal disc rather short for the
genus, 1.6 X as broad as long. Propodeum with moderately strong transverse
Tugae behind, absent from the center of the declivity, which is slightly con-
cave. Claws with tooth strong, erect, outer ray curved so as to be nearly
parallel to tooth. Apex of abdomen not notably compressed.

HOWARD E. EVANS LAG

Description of male type of connexa. — Length 7.5 mm.; fore wing 7 mm.
Black; pubescence rather fine, silvery over much of body, grading into brown-
ish on vertex, thoracic dorsum and upper pleura, base of propodeum, and
broad apical bands on first two tergites. Wings hyaline except fore wing with
a brownish band across basal and transverse median veins, broadened toward
posterior margin and barely separated from a broad brownish band covering
apical third of wing; hind wings weakly infuscated on apical half. Body with-
out erect setae. Clypeus 1.6 X as wide as high, its apical margin convexly
rounded. Antennae very short and compact, first four segments in a ratio of
about 11:4:4:5, segment three 1.4 X as wide as long, segments 4-12 each
slightly wider than long, the entire antenna only about 1.5 X TFD. Eyes
diverging strongly above, UID 1.2 X LID; front convex in profile; vertex
strongly raised above eye tops, somewhat humped in ocellar triangle, crest
rather abrupt; POL:00L=5:4. Temples not at all developed; head slightly
concave behind. Propodeum with its postero-lateral angles produced as verti-
cal flanges, the declivity strongly concave between them. Claws strongly bi-
fid, inner ray subtruncate, close to outer ray and slightly thicker than outer
ray, except for inner claws of front tarsi, where the inner ray is short and
rounded. Abdomen with first two segments large, the remaining segments
more or less telescoped within them in resting position. [Terminalia not ex-
amined; presumably they are identical to those of connexa bugabensis.]

Distribution. — Costa Rica to southern Mexico. (Map 21.)

Specimens examined. —3 22,1 é. Costa Rica: 1 2 (no
further data) [USNM]. Honpuras: 1 ¢@, Rosario Mine, 5 April
(M. Bates) [MCZ]. Mexico: VERACRUZ: 1 ¢, Orizaba (F. Su-
michrast) [ANSP]; 1 ?, Orizaba, 12-22 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU].

Psorthaspis connexa bugabensis (Cameron)

Pompilus bugabensis Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 188
[Type: 2, PANAMA: Bugaba, 800-1500 feet (GCC) (BMNH, no. 19,
315)].

Pedinaspis bugabensis Schulz, 1911, Zool. Annalen, 4: 119.

Psorthaspis bugabensis Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 72 (listed
as not seen).

This form differs but slightly from the preceding, and it is ques-
tionable whether it deserves subspecific status.

Description of type female. — Length 15 mm.; fore wing 11.5 mm. Black;
T2 with a pair of large, ivory-white spots, widely separated medially; T4 with

a broad basal band of this same color. Vertex and pronotum (except posterior
lateral portion) with dense orange pubescence which obscures the ground color;

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

118 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER. WASPS

Map 2l

@ Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks)
(some Calif. records omitted)

A Psorthaspis c. connexa (Cresson)

ZX Psorthaspis c. bugabensis (Cameron)

remainder of pubescence, and also wing color, as described under c. connexa.
Head 1.1 X as wide as high; MID .59 X TFD, .86 X eye height; UID .92 X
LID. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 18:6:13:13, segment
three equal to .4 X UID. Fore wing with SMC3 wider below than second,
but third intercubital vein arching such that this cell is narrower above than
SMC2. All other features as described for c. connexa.

Male. — Length 6.5 mm.; fore wing 5 mm. Color of body and wings as
in c. connexa; pubescence more extensively silvery than in that form, brownish
only on vertex, greater part of thoracic dorsum, base of propodeum, and apical
halves of first two tergites. Antennae even more compact than in c. connexa,
segments 3-12 considerably wider than long. Eyes strongly diverging above,
UID 1.32 X LID. SGP tectiform, moderately wide, rounded apically (fig. 66).
Genitalia of typical Psorthaspis form; parameres abruptly truncate, short; digiti
with a large area at the apex mesally which is devoid of setulae (fig. 30).
Other features as in c. connexa.

Distribution. — Panama. (Map 21.)

Specimens examined. —7 22,1 6. PANAMA: 3 ? 2, Bugaba
(GCC) [BMNH]; 1 2, Volcan de Chiriqui, 2500-4000 feet (GCC)
[BMNH]; 4 2 2, 1 ¢, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, March-
May 1956, 1963 (CWR) [KSU].

Variation. — The available females vary considerably in size

HOWARD E. EVANS 119

(fore wing 8.5-12 mm.). MID varies from .58 to .61 X TFD, UID
from .92 to .97 X LID. In some specimens the pronotal pubescence
is more golden than orange, but otherwise the coloration is very
constant.

Genus CHALCOCHARES Banks

Chalcochares Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 107 [Type species:
Psammochares hirsutifemur Banks, monobasic; proposed as subgenus
of Psammochares]|. — Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 153-
159 (revision).

Anotochares Banks, 1939, Canad. Ent., 71: 225, 228 [Type species: Anoto-
chares engleharti Banks, monobasic]. Synonymy by Evans, 1950.

Generic characters. — Size 10-30 mm.; wholly black, the pubescence
bluish or violaceous, wings wholly fuscous; body strongly hairy, propodeum
densely hairy, femora more or less hairy, abdomen of male densely hairy even
dorsally. Mandibles of both sexes with two small teeth on inner margin, lower
margin with a fimbriate groove. Clypeus transverse, not flattened, nearly as
wide as lower front; labrum mostly concealed; malar space absent. Antennae
elongate, segment three in female at least 3 X as long as thick, segment four
in male at least nearly twice as long as thick. Front broad, vertex slightly to
strongly elevated above eye tops. Pronotum moderately long, but the disc
shorter than mesoscutum along the midline; sides of dorsum in female very
prominent. Postnotum transversely linear. Propodeum relatively short and
broad, abruptly declivous behind, sides of declivity rather prominent, slightly
Tugulose in females. Legs rather spinose; front tibiae of female with strong
apical, somewhat curved spines, but front tarsus without a comb; apical tarsal
segments spined beneath in female. Claws dentate throughout in both sexes,
the front claws of the males alike, unmodified; pulvillar pad small, the comb
with not over 12 setulae. Fore wing with three SMCs, the third much more
narrowed above than the second; basal and transverse median veins interstitial
or nearly so; hind wing unusually broad, the anal lobe large, at least three
fourths the length of the submedian cell; anal vein strongly rounded below its
junction with the median vein, often giving rise to a short stub vein at this
point (fig. 8). Female with the abdomen stout, the apex without bristles but
with a few setae; first tergite with the anterior surface nearly perpendicular to
the dorsal. Abdomen of male showing weak constrictions between the basal
segments; SGP tongue-shaped, with much shorter hairs than rest of abdomen.
Genitalia with the parameres elongate, densely bristly along their lower inner
margins; basal hooklets single; digiti slender; parapenial lobes stout, subtri-
angular in cross section, in lateral view very wide; aedoeagus slender, simple,
somewhat folded longitudinally.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

120 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Distribution. — This genus is confined to the Sonoran subregion
of the Nearctic region.

Included species. — Only the two considered below.

Remarks. — These wasps bear considerable resemblance to some
of the less highly evolved, black species of Psorthaspis, and in some
ways the genus appears annectant between that genus and the more
typical Pompilinae. The resemblance to certain species of Evagetes
is particularly striking. Yet Chalcochares differs in several respects
from both those genera. The large anal lobe of the hind wing is, so
far as I know, unique in the Pompilidae.

Key to Species
Females

Vertex elevated far above eye tops, in anterior view nearly straight across and
with a faint median impression; distance from posterior ocelli to top of ver-
tex 1.4-2.0 X POL; head very slightly wider than high .... engleharti (Banks)

Vertex elevated slightly and forming a more or less even arc above eye tops;
distance from posterior ocelli to vertex crest 1.0-1.3 X POL; head 1.10-1.13
XK. aS Wide ‘as Whiphiyiecc. sccvccecsesevvesceese cenccasnoeeseeesteeeeeeeee seat hirsutifemur (Banks)

Males

Vertex, seen in lateral view, forming a rather sharp crest considerably above
and behind tops of eyes; parameres strongly curved, considerably longer than
(CF) U0 Peer ER CE Ree eee ercc scree saad: toncctce anda acre arose saceaosecesogeaooaTsh engleharti (Banks)

Vertex, in lateral view, rounded off a short distance above and behind eyes;
parameres weakly to moderately curved, barely longer than digiti ..............
BEER ERE eer Err eto on bicdeonce ooncuoncosaechaosedsaacosdeoce hirsutifemur (Banks)

Chalcochares engleharti (Banks)

Anotochares engleharti Banks, 1939, Canad. Ent., 71: 228 [Type: 2, TExas,
Fredericksburg, 10 Oct. 1939 (G. Englehart) (MCZ, no. 23, 481)].

Chalcochares engleharti Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 155-158,
figs. 9, 15, 16 (Texas, Coahuila, Durango).

Although the females of the two species of Chalcochares are so
distinctive that Banks placed them in different genera, the males are
much less easy to separate. The figures I presented in 1950 should
be of assistance in this regard. I have seen no Mexican specimens
of engleharti as large as most of those from Texas (a situation paral-
leling that in Psorthaspis macronotum cressoni).

HOWARD E. EVANS 121

Female. — Length 15-30 mm. Black, pubescence of body and fore wings
reflecting dark bluish or violaceous. Head 1.02-1.06 X as wide as high, ver-
tex strongly elevated as described in key; temples strongly developed, nearly
or quite as wide as eyes, or even wider on upper half. Ocelli in a broad, flat
triangle; POL:OOL about as 2:3. Hind tibiae with only one or two spines on
the upper surface; apical tarsal segments with several spines beneath.

Male. — Length 10-23 mm. Color as in female; entire body very densely
hairy, including the entire abdomen except for most of the first sternite. Cly-
peus rounded or subtruncate below. Head 1.02-1.05 X as wide as high. Ver-
tex forming a strong arc well above tops of eyes, crest of vertex relatively
abrupt; temples rather strong (see fig. 15 in Evans, 1950). SGP nearly
parallel-sided for much of its length. Parameres of genitalia very strongly
curved, considerably exceeding digiti.

Distribution. — This species occurs in arid and semiarid regions
throughout northern Mexico east of the Sierra Madre Occidentale,
also in Texas. Several Texas records were presented by Evans, 1950.
(Map 20.)

Mexican specimens examined. — 40 ° 2, 43 646. STATE OF
Mexico: 3 2 2,7 4 4, Teotihuacan, 16 June, 7 July 1951 (HEE,
PDH) [MCZ, CU, CIS]. HIDALGo: 6 2 2, 20 ¢ é, Zimapan, 11-
14 June 1951 (HEE & PDH) [MCZ, CIS, USNM]. Nuevo LEon:
ioe les) 50 mit SE Monterey, 1700 teet, 12 Oct. 1957 (HAS)
[OSU]. ZaAcaTEcAs: 1 ¢, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31 July 1951
(PDH) [CIS]; 1 ¢, 9 mi. SE Fresnillo, 7-14 Aug. 1954 (JWM)
[CIS]. Duranco: 20 22,4 8 6, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951
(HEE & PDH) [MCZ, CIS, USNM, CU]; 1 ¢2, San Isidro, Cuen-
came Dist., 6700 feet, 8 Aug. 1947 (CDM) [AMNH]; 3 ¢ 2, San
Juan del Rio, 7 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. CurIHuAHua: 1 2°, Santa
Barbara, 6200 feet, 17 Aug. 1947 (G. M. Bradt) [AMNH]; 1 2, 1
8, 62 mi. S Hidalgo del Parral, 6200 feet, 24 Oct. 1957 (HAS)
[OSU]; 2 ¢ 6, 18 mi. W Jiménez, 11 Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS]; 5
22,4 6 8, Chihuahua, 12 Aug. 1951 (HEE & PDH) [MCZ, CIS].
CoAHUILA: 1 6, Buena Vista, 7000 feet, Sierra del Carmen, 12 July
(R. H. Baker) [CIS].

Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks)
Psammochares hirsutifemur Banks, 1914, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 22: 304 [Type:

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

122 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

9, CALIFORNIA: Lemon Grove, 16 May (Van Duzee) (MCZ, no. 13,
691) ].

Psammochares (Chalcochares) hirsutifemur Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 61: 107.

Chalcochares hirsutifemur Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 158-159,
figs. 10, 14, 17 (N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.).— Krombein, 1958, U. S.
Dept. Agri. Monogr. 2, First Suppl., p. 180 (Texas).

Female. — Length 12-20 mm. Black, pubescence bluish or violaceous;
wings fuscous, violaceous. Head relatively wider than in engleharti, measuring
1.10-1.14 X as wide as high, vertex forming an even are above eye tops, pos-
terior ocelli removed from crest of vertex by not much if any more than POL;
temples moderately wide, narrowed above. POL:OOL about as 3:4. Apical
tarsal segments weakly spined beneath.

Male. — Length 10-15 mm. Color as in female; body densely hairy, as
in engleharti. Clypeus evenly rounded below. Head 1.07-1.11 X as wide as
high; vertex rounding evenly between tops of eyes, its crest less abrupt than in
engleharti; temples relatively narrow. SGP sides approaching gradually to a
narrowly rounded apex. Genitalia with the parameres less strongly curved
than in engleharti, also shorter, exceeding the digiti only slightly.

Distribution. — Zacatecas to California and to western Texas.
Evans (1950) presented records from California, Arizona, and New
Mexico. The Texas record in Krombein (1958) was based on 2
males collected by the writer in Hudspeth Co., western Texas, in
August 1951. (Map 21.)

Mexican specimens examined. —11 2 2,3 66. ZACATECAS:
3 92, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].
DuRANGO: 2 2 2, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].
Sonora: 1 ¢, 10 mi. NE Cananea, 16 Aug. 1959 (Werner & Nut-
ting) [UA]. Basa CALirorNiIA: 1 ¢, 1 4, El Progreso, Sierra
Juarez Mts., 10 Sept. 1958 (Truxal & Northern) [LACM]. Cxr
HUAHUA: 1 2, Agua Caliente, Santa Barbara Dist., 29 July 1947
(CDM) [AMNH]; 1 2, 1 ¢, 60-62 mi. S Hidalgo del Parral, 6280
feet, 24 Oct. 1957 (HAS) [OSU]; 1 2, 18 mi. W Jiménez, 10 Aug.
1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. CoanuiLa: 1 ¢, 23 mi. E Saltillo, 4200 feet,
15 Oct. 1957 (HAS) [OSU]; 1 ¢, 17 mi. N Saltillo, 4800 feet, 16
Oct. 1957 (HAS) [OSU].

Genus EVAGETES Lepeletier

Evagetes Lepeletier, 1845, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymen., 3: 390 [Type species:
Aporus bicolor Lepeletier (=dubius Van der Linden), monobasic].

HOWARD E. EVANS 123

— Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 159-189 (Nearctic
spp.). — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 310-311.

Sophropompilus Howard, 1901, The Insect Book, pl. VII, fig. 13 [Type species:
Pompilus ingenuus Cresson, monobasic]. — Ashmead, 1902, Canad.
Ent., 34: 84. — Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 429-432
(South American spp.). Synonymy by Evans, 1950.

Nannopompilus Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 82 [Type species: Nanno-
pompilus argenteus Ashmead (?=argenteus Cresson), monobasic].
Synonymy by Evans, 1950.

Psammocharoides Moczar, 1946, Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Natl. Hungar., 39: 114
[Type species: Pompilus crassicornis Shuckard, original designation].
Synonymy with Sophropompilus by Moczar, 1956.

Streptosella Dreisbach, 1950, Amer. Midl. Nat., 43: 570-574 [Type species:
Streptosella steyskali Dreisbach (=crassicornis crassicornis Shuck-
ard), designated by Evans, 1951]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Generic characters. — Length 4-18 mm.; Mexican and Central American
species entirely black, the pubescence (at least in the females) reflecting bluish
or violaceous; body weakly to moderately hairy, in general much less so than
in Chalcochares. Mandibles with a single tooth on the inner margin. Clypeus
broad, but not wider than LID, its apical margin truncate; labrum mostly or
wholly concealed; malar space present but very short. Antennae relatively
short, in the female somewhat thickened and flattened, especially middle flagel-
lar segments; third antennal segment of female not over 3.5 X as long as thick,
never more than slightly longer than fourth and not over twice as long as
thick, usually less. Front rather broad in most species; vertex extending only
slightly above tops of eyes. Pronotum of moderate length, shorter than meso-
notum, in Mexican and Central American forms always arcuate behind, at
most with a weak angulation on the midline. Postnotum very small; propo-
deum without striae, in the female with an oblique declivity. Legs rather
spinose, the female with a well developed comb on the front tarsus; apical
tarsal segments of female with some median spines beneath. Last segment of
front tarsus of male in most species slightly asymmetrical, the inner margin
more or less produced, the claw on this side strongly curved, bifid; middle and
hind tarsal claws, and all claws of female, dentate. Pulvillar comb weak, of
at most about seven weak setulae arising from a small pad. Fore wing with
three SMCs (only two in occasional specimens of padrinus, and in one extra-
limital species); SMC3 much narrowed above. Hind wing with the anal vein
meeting the media at or slightly basad of the original of the cubitus; anal lobe
less than half the length of the submedian cell. Abdomen of female without
stout bristles apically. Male SGP tapering apically, midline weakly to strongly
elevated (fig. 78). Genitalia with the parameres slender; digitus of variable
shape, covered with short setae; basal hooklets single or weakly doubled:
aedceagus simple, often bearing minute setae (fig. 39).

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOc., 20

124 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Distribution. — This is chiefly a Holarctic genus, with several of
the Nearctic forms extending into Central America at higher eleva-
tions. There are several South American species, occurring chiefly
in the Cordilleras and apparently representing the most highly evolved
elements of the genus.

Included species. — Five species occur in Mexico, and two of
these extend into Central America; all five occur widely in the United
States. Another species, subangulatus (Banks), has been taken in
the mountains of southern Arizona and probably occurs in northern
Mexico. I also take this opportunity to describe a new species from
Southwestern United States which also probably enters Mexico.

Remarks. — The species of Evagetes are cleptoparasites of species
of Anoplius, Pompilus, Episyron, and probably other genera of typi-
cal Pompilinae. Recent European authors have not accepted my
synonymy of Sophropompilus with Evagetes, chiefly because they
tend to emphasize wing venation more than I do. The type species
of Evagetes happens to have only two submarginal cells, but it is
otherwise a typical member of this genus. On this continent, sev-
eral genera and subgenera are now considered to contain some spe-
cies with two submarginal cells and some with three (Anoplius,
Aporinellus, Perissopompilus, Hesperopompilus).

Key to Species
Females

1. Front and hind wings wholly and uniformly deeply fuliginous; body without
silvery pubescence, even on the front; submedian cell of hind wing
usually broadly rounded apically, sometimes appendiculate ....................
Liveuesetbaweaseeadew dest betes toa tee oe eee ingenuus (Cresson)

Wings not wholly and uniformly deep fuliginous; pubescence variable; sub-
median cell of hind wing usually more pointed or narrowly rounded api-
(or) | \ QReRRRE Eee eeerereeicrea setter merc actcoccoece rodsereracrnoctcodcesccteancnbacoSuosdansodceas¢eacc0G00000 2

2. Front basitarsus with three short comb-spines, the apical one .5 to .8 as

long as the second tarsal segment; pubescence dark bluish or violaceous,

not usually silvery om the front ..............cceeeeeeeeneeeneeeeee parvus (Cresson)
Front basitarsus with three or four comb-spines, the apical one more than
.8 as long as the second tarsal Segment ...............ccsessseserececseeseseeeesseenenees 3

3. Front basitarsus with the comb-spines somewhat broad and flat, the apical
one about as long as or somewhat longer than second tarsal segment;

HOWARD E. EVANS WAS)

propodeum hairy in most specimens; SMC3 usually as wide below as sec-
OIG OTs WIG Claes cmacecee teas ee eee re nace ot a Se cece ens inc ene Sea ONG Salou uuu sevaeeeadesylens 4
Front basitarsus with very long, slender comb-spines, the apical one usually
distinctly longer than the second tarsal segment; propodeum not or but
weakly hairy; SMC3 small, often triangular or nearly So ..................00 5
Vertex not at all humped at ocellar triangle; pubescence dull bluish-vio-
laceous, not usually silvery on clypeus and front ........ asignus Dreisbach
Vertex weakly humped at the ocellar triangle; pubescence a more brilliant
bluish or blue-green, silvery on clypeus and lower front ................::00000
ee a ee ite eens ed i as chau sceaneag eee enn ea ntaseeee ne mohave (Banks)
Front basitarsus with four comb-spines; size larger, 9-11 mm; propodeum
strongly convex in profile, with a strong posterior declivity, sides slightly
IDEN” saqaoociiesaenostcesanCncccaacenaceaeteseroemadae deer n mere aaceCe ness calefactus new species
Front basitarsus with three comb-spines; size 4-9 mm.; propodeum less con-
vex in profile, the declivity less well defined; propodeum usually wholly
WRMUIYOUIE BIST INENIES. ,..osacnecoosnssonecencqeedacobondedodods0q5A00ea50n0a8sepeh po nononodoSsensoacaccer 6
Body brilliantly bluish or blue-green; head and thorax often with a limited
amount of silvery pubescence, the abdominal dorsum never silvery ........
SHOSSDEESE SEE CE AER SERED SSAC EEE COR EESA CSCC AEC ERE CESS padrinus padrinus (Viereck)
General appearance paler, the silvery pubescence very extensive, involving
most of the head and thorax and part or all of the abdomen ..................
eee ear Fe eed RCe REN fete RECS padrinus minusculus (Banks)

Males

SGP with the median line weakly elevated; SMC3 variable, at least slightly
wider than high, not petiolate
SGP with the median line elevated in the form of a strong ridge which is
arcuate in profile; SMC3 small, more or less triangular, sometimes petio-
late a Grane lyaralbSemt)) i caseccevsececceeeecete crcc-nessccavaseve sree ae siwctenstcsitesucsseuessigeavsteaus 6
Front and hind wings wholly and almost uniformly deep fuliginous; third
antennal segment about twice the length of the second ...........................
Rae cob ae sata ses aene aan eon cis Na Se Cae SATS SET cama een aebea pasate Gena aavenneebs ingenuus (Cresson)
Wings not wholly and almost uniformly fuliginous; third antennal segment
less than twice as long as SECON ................:::sesseeecceccceeccecceeeseseeussaeeeseeees 3
Apical segment of front tarsus symmetrical, with no more than a very faint
indication of a lobe on the inner side; SGP without a pair of sclerotized
points near the base, or these very weakly developed ..............:::c:c0000 4
Apical segment of front tarsus asymmetrical, with a distinct lobe on the
inner margin; SGP with a pair of sclerotized, pigmented points near the
IDEAS. Accresscosepeconaczochcoa bseceeccacecuc Gor nena ce cade ceo SEC ESS co Sue ccc nec REE ane eae re eee 5
Third antennal segment 1.2-1.4 X as long as thick; digiti rather slender
apically and with a rather well developed portion which is directed mesad
Acti ocekcac pare Cn ceCEBeac nc RoE bas SEEEBOacr Cio SeReR Roe: BCE neon Reena asignus Dreisbach
Third antennal segment 1.6-1.8 X as long as thick; digiti broader apically

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

126 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

and only slightly produced mesad, the parameres also shorter than above
asictvopaes obec ui ohbegey sue eiedanuaiederstuast romana endvasnanaenna tame cena ee eee calefactus n. sp.

5. Wertex not humped at ocellar triangle, forming a nearly smooth arc; pro-
podeum rarely more than weakly hairy; genitalia with digiti tending to

be shorter apically and somewhat more sparsely setose than below ........

Fe Ee Orr se see seo nace Hasan ice ner oncacatonteDmordcanosbsedaadéoaneaes parvus (Cresson)
Vertex somewhat humped at the ocellar triangle; propodeum usually with

a number of black setae extending above the coarse, silvery pubescence;
pubescence brilliantly patterned with bluish and silvery ...................0006

sildla sts seevss Sie Cs ta REEEE A NERORNS COCO EP ETEa OSCE Ene eR ene es mohave (Banks)

6. Body often extensively silvery-sericious, but reflecting bluish at least on the
thoracic dorsum and part of the abdomen ................ccccsssceeceeeereeceeeeneceeeees

agin d aa Caves teehee Cua REE See RE REISS SSS Tc ne eee padrinus padrinus (Viereck)
Body almost entirely silvery, a small part of the dorsum and abdomen
brownish or brownish-violaceous, but not distinctly bluish ......................

ste vaca aes SHS RE Aa ER eT Se padrinus minusculus (Banks)

Evagetes ingenuus (Cresson)

Pompilus ingenuus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 89 [Lectotype:
9, Dakota TERRITORY (ANSP, no. 419) ].

Pompilus brevicornis Taschenberg, 1869, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw., 34: 50 [Type:
6, “itLmois” (Zool. Inst., Halle, Germany)]. Preoccupied by
Cresson, 1867.— Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen, II,
p. 199. Synonym by Evans, 1963, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 65: 108.

Pompilus fiorentinii Dalla Torre, 1897, Catal. Hymen, VIII, p. 289 (new name
for brevicornis Taschenberg, nec Cresson).

Sophropompilus ingenuus Howard, 1910, The Insect Book, pl. VII, fig. 13. —
Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 84.

Psammochares (Sophropompilus) ingenuus Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,
19: 224. — Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 107.

Evagetes ingenuus Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 168-170 (Georgia
and Calif. to Br. Col. and Quebec).

Taschenberg’s brevicornis was described from a male from Il-
linois (a male ingenuus Cresson) and a female from Mexico (a
female azureus Cresson). I have recently had an opportunity to ex-
amine these specimens, both of which are in good condition. The
male is clearly marked as the type.

Female. — Length 10.5-18 mm. Black, rendered by the pubescence a
deep blue or violaceous; pubescence nowhere silvery, even on the lower front;
wings whs3!'y and uniformly fuliginous, violaceous. Front very broad, MID
.62-.66 X TFD; front rather strong'y convex; UID .85-.95 X LID. Ocelli
forming an obtuse angle in front, POL:OOL about as 3:4. Antennal segment

HOWARD E. EVANS 127

three about twice as long as its greatest thickness, equal to only .35-.45 X
UID. Propodeum with a well-defined declivity, with numerous erect hairs.
Front basitarsus with three (rarely four) comb-spines, the apical one usually
slightly shorter than second tarsal segment. Hind wing with submedian cell
‘rather broadly rounded apically and sometimes appendiculate.

Male. — Length 10-17 mm. Color as in female; wings wholly fuliginous;
body wholly without silvery pubescence. Scape hairy, front rather densely
hairy, propodeum with numerous erect hairs. Front broad, MID .61-.66 X
TFD; UID subequal to or very slightly exceeding LID. Ocelli in a broad,
flat triangle, POL slightly less than OOL. First four antennal segments in a
ratio of about 30:10:22:28, segment two relatively shorter than in other spe-
cies of this genus, segment three only slightly less than twice as long as thick
(see fig. 29 in Evans, 1950). Last segment of front tarsus distinctly asym-
metrical. Hind wing as in female. SGP as in the following species. Genitalia
with the basal hooklets double; aedoeagus bearing rather numerous small setae;
parameres relatively long and slender; apical, mesally-directed portion of digiti
moderately strong (see fig. 19 in Evans, 1950).

Distribution. — This relatively large and distinctive Evagetes is
not well represented in most collections, although it occurs through-
out all of the United States, except in the Lower Austral Zone, as
well as across the entire length of southern Canada. Doubtless it
occurs throughout the Mexican Central plateau, but so far it has
been taken only in Chihuahua and the state of Mexico. (Map 23.)

Mexican specimens examined. —2 22,5 6 6. CHIHUAHUA:
1 6, Summit NE San José Babicora, 7700 feet, 4 July 1947 (CDM)
[AMNH]. Mexico: 2 2° 2, 4 6 6, Teotihuacan, about 7500 feet,
June, July (HEE, PDH, RRD) [MCZ, CIS, MSU].

Eyvagetes parvus (Cresson)

Pompilus parvus Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 4: 453 [Type: 9°,
CoLorapo (ANSP, no. 549)]. — Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent.
socs, 1 9iF

Pompilus subviolaceus Cresson, 1867, ibid., p. 91 [Lectotype: 2°, DELAWARE
(ANSP, no. 551)].

Pompilus argenteus Cresson, 1867, ibid., p. 93 [Type: 6, VirGiIniA (ANSP,
no. 556) ].

Pompiloides minora Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 227 [Type: °,
VIRGINIA: Falls Church, 2 Aug. (NB) (MCZ, no. 13, 671)].

Sophropompilus parvus Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 237.

Evagetes parvus Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 170-174.

A more complete synonymy for this widely distributed species is

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

128 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

provided by Evans, 1950. In many ways this form suggests a diminu-
tive ingenuus, but constant differences in the male antennae and minor
differences in the genitalia indicate that the two are distinct species.

Female. — Length 5-11.5 mm. Black, pubescence deep bluish or violace-
ous, usually entirely so, but some specimens with silvery pubescence on the
front, rarely on parts of the thorax. Fore wings lightly to moderately in-
fuscated, darker apically; hind wings subhyaline or lightly infuscated. Pro-
podeum barely to moderately hairy. Front broad, MID .62-.70 X TFD; UID
approximately .9 LID; POL subequal to or slightly less than OOL. Third
antennal segment approximately twice as long as its maximum width, measuring
from .33 to .45 X UID. Pronotum arcuate behind; propodeum with an oblique
declivity. Front basitarsus with three slender comb-spines, the apical one
equal to .5-.8 the length of the second tarsal segment. Fore wing with SMC3
as wide below as second, or wider, much narrowed above, often subtriangular;
hind wing with submedian cell more acute apically than in ingenuus.

Male. — Length 4-8 mm. Black, body with a very variable amount of
silvery pubescence, some specimens with extensive bluish pubescence or even
wholly bluish, others with hardly a trace of bluish. Wings subhyaline, fore
wings with a fuscous band on the outer margin. Propodeum without erect
hairs or with a very few (rarely with numerous dark setae). Front broad, MID
.62-.67 X TFD; UID slightly exceeding LID; POL subequal to or somewhat
greater or less than OOL. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about
25:10:15:18, segment three only 1.1-1.3 X as long as thick. Apical segment
of front tarsus asymmetrical. Venation as in female. SGP weakly elevated
medially, without a basal swelling, with a pair of weak basal sclerotized points
(see Evans, 1950, fig. 33). Genitalia similar to those of ingenuus but the
parameres shorter, the digiti rather weakly produced mesad apically and rela-
tively sparsely setose (Evans, 1950, fig. 20).

Distribution. — This species inhabits the Upper Austral to the
Canadian life zones of North America, from Yukon, Northwest Ter-
ritories, and Nova Scotia south to Georgia and, at moderate to high
elevations, to Costa Rica. (Map 22.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 47 2 2,
23 646. Mexico: CHIHUAHUA: 1 2, Summit NE San José Babicora,
7700 feet, 4 July 1947 (WG) [AMNH]; 1 ¢, Santa Clara, 2 July
1947 (WG) [AMNH]. Zacatecas: 1 ¢, 2 6 6, 15 km. E Som-
brerete, 28-31 July 1951 (HEE & PDH) [MCZ, CIS]. JA.isco: 1
2, Villa Guadalupe, 26 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. GuERRERO: 1
2, Omilteme, July, 8000 feet (HHS) [BMNH]; 1 2°, 7 mi. S Man-
zintla, 1 Dec. 1948 (ESR) [CAS]. Moretos: 12 22, 3 44,
Cuernavaca, Mch.-May 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 15 22,3 ¢ 4,

HOWARD E. EVANS 129

(eee a chSien es
eel | Nn | Ve | \ \
S. ! { SR Sen { | \
ONS ieee Lou i \ Y
De ea ata | ) j
\ \ \ { | {
\ ) \ é Tat \ Ne
() ( e Naan =
ES) \
\ \ oe
: yaa
\ vay ( | ce) a)
y Q
. > ie
r@ v \; i) SX
a AA UN —_ 3
arn anf 3
\) e Ge ea on) Co
Sa NG LON 0
— or", 2
BA @. = |
wea Ne (ayy SES
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o>

Map 22

@ Evagetes parvus (Cresson) y pe
(transcontinental in U.S.)

3-4 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 6500-7500 feet, Mch.-June 1959 (HEE)
[CU, MCZ]; 1 38, Canyon de Lobos, nr. Yautepec, 4000 feet, 13
March 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. Distriro FEDERAL: 1 ¢, Puerto de
las Cruces, 10,000 feet, 1 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. Mexico: 4
22,9 é 6, Teotihuacan, 7500 feet, June, July (HEE, PDH, RRD)
[MCZ, CIS, MSU]; 1 ¢, Valle de Bravo, 6500 feet, 3 Aug. 1962
(HEE) [MCZ]; 2 6 6, 34 km. W Toluca, 8500 feet, 9 Aug. 1962
(HEE) [MCZ]. Purpia: 1 ¢, 14 mi. W Huauchinango, 17 June
1951 (PDH) [CIS]. VERAcRuz: 1 ¢, Orizaba, Oct. 1923 (E. G.
Smyth) [USNM]. CurApas: 1 2, 1 ¢, San Cristobal las Casas,
April, Sept., 7500 feet (HEE, FPM) [MCZ, ENAC]; 1 ¢?, 20 mi.
W San Cristobal, 3 May 1959, 6000 feet (HEE) [MCZ]. GuaATE-
MALA: 1 ¢, Antigua, 15 Aug. 1952 (RHP) [MCZ]; 2 ° 2, no
further data [MCZ]. Et SALVADor: 1 2, Cerro Verde, June 1963
(M. Irwin) [UCD]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢°, Zarzero (Bargdorf) [USNM];
1 ¢, Corralillo, Irazu, Jan. 1924 (F. Tristan) [ANSP].

Evagetes asignus Dreisbach

Evagetes asignus Dreisbach, 1956, Ent. News, 67: 147-151 [Type: ¢, NorTH
CAROLINA: Kill Devil Hills, 3 Aug. 1952 (K. V. Krombein) (USNM,

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

130 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

no. 63, 098)].— Krombein, 1958, U. S. Dept. Agri. Monogr. 2,
First Suppl., p. 180.

Female. — Length 7-13 mm. Black, pubescence dark bluish-violaceous
or somewhat purplish, sometimes somewhat cinereous or silvery on the lower
front (but not in the known Mexican specimens). Fore wing lightly infuscated,
with a darker band on the outer margin; hind wings subhyaline. Front with
numerous short setae; propodeum with a moderate number of longer, black
setae. MID .62-.65 X TFD; UID .90-1.0 X LID; POL and OOL subequal,
or either may be slightly greater. Third antennal segment 1.8-2.0 X as long
as thick, measuring .35-.42 X UID. Vertex arching smoothly between eye
tops, not humped at ocelli. Propodeum with a steep, oblique declivity. Front
basitarsus with four somewhat flattened comb-spines (rarely three or five), the
apical one subequal in length to the second tarsal segment. Wings as in the
preceding species.

Male. — Length 5-10 mm. Black, pubescence silvery at least on the front
and the propodeum, often more extensively so, even almost wholly silvery;
pubescence, where not silvery, varying from bluish to brownish-violaceous.
Wings subhyaline, outer margin of fore wing with a darker band. Propodeum
with a few dark ‘setae which extend above the silvery pubescence. Front of
moderate breadth, MID .60-.65 X TFD; UID 1.1-1.2 X LID; POL and OOL
subequal, or either may be slightly the greater. Antennal segment three 1.2-
1.4 X as long as thick, 1.3-1.6 X as long as two, distinctly shorter than four.
Apical segment of front tarsus not asymmetrical. SGP weakly elevated medi-
ally, with paired sclerotized points at its base very weakly if at all developed
(see fig. 1 in Dreisbach, 1956). Genitalia characterized by unusually slender
parameres and by having the apical portion of the digiti strongly produced
mesad (see fig. 2 in Dreisbach, 1956).

Distribution. — This species occurs throughout eastern United
States, ranging as far north as Alberta, Michigan, and Massachusetts.
It is not uncommon in western Texas, and ranges south on the Mexi-
can central plateau at least into Zacatecas. (Map 23.)

Mexican specimens examined. —4 22,1 8. CHIHUAHUA: |
2, 70 mi. S Hidalgo del Parral, 6500 feet, 24 Oct. 1957 (HAS)
[OSU]; 1 ¢@, 24 mi. SW Chihuahua, 6 Sept. 1962 (RHP) [MCZ].
DurRANGO: 1 ¢é, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].
ZACATECAS: 2 2 2, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31 July 1951 (HEE
& PDH) [CIS, MCZ].

Evagetes mohave (Banks)

Sophropompilus quadrispinosus Banks, 1919, Canad. Ent., 51: 82 [Type: 2,
New York: Long Beach, L. I., Aug. (Shannon) (MCZ, no. 13,
703)]. Preoccupied in Evagetes by Klug, 1886.

HOWARD E. EVANS 131

Map 23

@ Evagetes asignus Dreisbach
A Evogetes ingenuus (Cresson)
O Agenioideus humilis (Cresson)
(all 3 spp. widely distr. in U.S.)

Sophropompilus mohave Banks, 1933, Psyche, 40: 6 [Type: 2, ARIZONA:
Tempe, Aug. (JB) (MCZ, no. 17, 034)]. Erroneously placed in
synonymy with hyacinthinus by Evans, 1950.

Evagetes mohave Krombein, 1953, Wasmann Jour. Biol., 10: 320-323. —
Krombein, 1958, U. S. Dept. Agri. Monogr. 2, First Suppl., p. 180.

Krombein (1953) has redescribed this species and presented
characters for separating it from hyacinthinus and asignus.

Female. — Length 8-13 mm. Black, pubescence brilliant bluish, blue-
green, or somewhat violaceous, silvery on the clypeus and lower part of the
front. Fore wing moderately to rather heavily infuscated, with a darker band
on the outer margin; hind wing subhyaline, darker at tip. Head and thorax
with sparse, short hair; front femora somewhat hairy; propodeum always with
numerous erect hairs. MID .60-.67 X TFD; UID .89-.98 X LID. POL and
OOL subequal, or OOL slightly the greater, ocellar region somewhat humped.
Third antennal segment about twice as long as its maximum width, from .33
to .42 X UID. Propodeum with an oblique declivity. Front basitarsus with
four somewhat flattened, pale-tipped comb-spines, the apical one subequal in
length to the second tarsal segment. SMC3 much narrowed above, but never
triangular.

Male. — Length 5-9 mm. Black, pubescence as in female except silvery
not only on front and clypeus, but also on sides of scutellum, metanotum, and

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

132 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

posterior part of propodeum, sometimes much more extensively than this. Pro-
podeum with at least at few setae extending above the pubescence. MID .61-
.66 X TFD; UID 1.07-1.20 X LID; POL and OOL subequal, or either may
be slightly the greater; vertex slightly humped at the ocellar triangle, as in the
female. Antennal segment three 1.2-1.3 X as long as thick, 1.3-1.4 X as long
as two, much shorter than four. Apical segment of front tarsus weakly lobed
on inner margin, therefore asymmetrical. SGP as in parvus, with a pair of
sclerotized basal points. Parameres less slender than in asignus and the digiti
less produced mesad apically and somewhat more sparsely setose.

Distribution. — This species occurs transcontinentally in southern
United States, in the East as far north as Long Island. All Mexican
records thus far are from the western part, chiefly at lower elevations
than parvus. I have seen no specimens from south of the Isthmus of
Tehuantepec, but females from Bolivia and Argentina assigned by
Banks (1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 432) to coeruleus
Taschenberg are strikingly similar to mohave and may be conspecific.
(Map 24.)

Mexican specimens examined. — 19 ° 2,11 6 6. CHIHUAHUA:
1 ¢, 82 mi. S Juarez, 4000 feet, 15 Aug. 1957 (HAS) [OSU]; 1 ¢,
Matachic, 7 July 1947 (CDM) [AMNH]. Sonora: 1 ¢?, Sonoyta,
4 April 1949, 1500 feet (G. M. Bradt) [AMNH]; 1 ¢, Cocorit, 11
June 1961 (FDP) [UCD]. Basa CALIFORNIA: 1 4, Descanso, 1
Sept. 1955 (RMB) [UCD]; 1 4, Punta Lobos, 1 mi. SE Todos San-
tos, 25 Dec. 1959 (HBL) [CAS]; 1 2, La Paz, June [CAS]. SINA-
LOA: 1 2, Mazatlan, 15 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 22,2 ¢ 4,
8 mi. SE Elota, 18 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Nayarit: 4 ¢ 4, San
Blas, 20 July 1951 (HEE & PDH) [MCZ], [CIS]. Jarisco: 2 2 2,
Guadalajara, July, Aug. (HEE, RRD) [MCZ, MSU]; 1 ¢, Lake
Chapala, 7 July 1953 (C. & P. Vaurie) [AMNH]. Puesia: 1 2,
3 mi. NW Petlalcingo, 3 Apr. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Moretos: 4
22, 1 6, Cuernavaca, Mch.-May 1959, 4500-5500 feet (HEE)
[CU, MCZ]; 1 ¢, 3 mi. N Alpuyeca, 3400 feet, 18 April 1959
(HEE) [MCZ]; 3 2 2, Tetecala, 2800 feet, 10 Aug. 1962 (HEE)
[MCZ]. Guerrero: 1 2, Canyon de Zopilote, 2000 feet, 30 July
1962 (HEE) [MCZ].

Evagetes padrinus padrinus (Viereck)

Anoplius (Pompilinus) padrinus Viereck, 1902, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,

HOWARD E. EVANS 133

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| i (ease a Z = =5
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Tete S ‘@ Ba ie
\/ \ \
da \ iN
ee la Ww @\ as
\ { u SS ?
\ fs T Se a dy’ Sy
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Wma Ge = 3 -
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@ Evagetes mohave (Banks) ECA Y yety

(also widely distr. in US.) oe

54: 734 [Type: 46, CALIFORNIA: San Pedro, 27 July (Cockerell)
(ANSP, no. 563) ].

Pompiloides (Nanopompilus) padrinus Banks, 1914, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,
22: 301.

Evagetes padrinus padrinus Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 174-176.

Female. — Length 4-9 mm. Black, rendered by the pubescence brilliant
bluish, blue-green, or violaceous; pubescence silvery on clypeus and lower
front, often also on parts of the thorax, propodeum, and legs, but dorsum of
thorax and abdomen never silvery. Wings subhyaline or lightly infuscated,
fore wing with a dark apical band. Body with only a few inconspicuous hairs
on the head and prothorax; propodeum with at most a very few weak hairs on
the sides. Front narrow for the genus, MID .59 to .64 X TFD; UID about
.9 X LID; POL and OOL subequal in most specimens. Third antennal segment
2.0-2.5 X as long as thick, .45-.55 XK UID. Slope of propodeum somewhat
lower than in related species, the declivity less well defined. Front basitarsus
with three very slender comb-spines, the apical one as long as or (more com-
monly) longer than second tarsal segment. Fore wing with marginal cell 1.3-
2.0 X its own length from wing tip; SMC3 small, much narrowed above by
arcuation of third transverse cubital vein, usually triangular, occasionally petio-
late (rarely absent). Submedian cell of hind wing somewhat pointed apically.

Male. — Length 3.5-7 mm. Black, pubescence bluish at least on parts of
the thoracic dorsum and abdomen, in greater part silvery; wings subhyaline or
lightly infuscated, fore wing with a dark marginal band. Body without erect

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

134 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

setae except for some inconspicuous ones on the head and prothorax. MID
.59-.63 X TFD; POL and OOL subequal in most specimens. Third antennal
segment 1.5-1.8 X as long as thick, about 1.5 XK as long as second, slightly
shorter than fourth. Apical segment of front tarsus very slightly asymmetrical.
Venation as in female. SGP with a high median ridge which is arched in
profile (see fig. 28 in Evans, 1950). Genitalia with the digiti much expanded,
subtriangular; aedoeagus with some weak setae (fig. 24 in Evans, 1950).

Distribution. — British Columbia and Manitoba south to Baja
California and, at moderate to high elevations, to El Salvador. In
the eastern half of North America, including northeastern Mexico,
it is replaced by subspecies minusculus. (Map 25.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 42 2 °,
25 6&6. Mexico: BAJA CALIFORNIA: | 2, Sierra San Pedro Martir,
La Encantada, 7000 feet, 30 May 1958 (JP) [CIS]. SINALoA: 1 2°,
6 mi. E Potrerillos, 18 Mch. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. DURANGO: 6 2 °,
1 é, El Salto & vic. May, Aug. (HEE, PDH, FDP) [MCZ, CIS,
UCD]; 1 ¢, Nombre de Dios, 6 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Zaca-
TECAS: 1 2, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31 July 1951 (PDH) [CIS].
NayARiT: 1 2, Tepic, Sept. 1953 (B. Malkin) [CAS]. MoreELos:
2 29,2 84, 3 mi. N Alpuyeca, Mch.-May 1959 (HEE) sIeGr
MCZ];5 2° 2,9 6 6, Cuernavaca & vicinity, 4500-7500 feet, Mch.-
July (HEE, RRD) [CU, MCZ, MSU]; 5 ¢ 2,2 6 6, 9 mi. N Cuer-
navaca, 8500 feet, 26-27 June 1951, 59 (HEE) [CU, MCZ].
Mexico: 4 2 2, Agua Bendita, 9700 feet, 2 Aug. 1962 (HEE)
[MCZ, ENAC]; 1 2, Valle de Bravo, 6500 feet, 3 Aug. 1962 (HEE)
[MCZ]; 1 ¢, W Slope Popocatepetl, 9500 feet, 5 July 1951 (HEE)
[MCZ]; 4 2°, 4 6 4, Teotihuacan, July 7500 feet (HEE, RRD)
[MCZ, CU, MSU]. Distrito FEDERAL: 3 2 2, Puerto de las Cruces,
10,000 feet, 1 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ, ENAC]; 1 2, Topilejo, 16
May 1959, 9000 feet (HEE) [MCZ]. PurBLa: 2 22,2 ¢ 4, 14
mi. W Huauchinango, 17 June 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS].
Curapas: 3 32 6, San Cristobal las Casas, 25 Apr.-1 May 1959
(HEE) [CU, MCZ]. GuaTEMALA: 1 2, Antigua, 15 Aug. 1952
(RHP) [MCZ]; 1 2, Cristobal Tonicoban, 16 Aug. 1952 (RHP)
[MCZ]; 1 2, Lake Atitlan, 15 Aug. 1951 (RHP) [MCZ]. Et SAL-
VADOR: 1 ¢, Los Chorros, 20 June 1963 (M. Irwin) [UCD]; 1 ¢,
Quezaltepeque, 3 July 1963 (M. Irwin) [UCD].

Variation. — Of the 67 Mexican and Central American speci-

HOWARD E. EVANS 11335)

Map 25

@ Evagetes p. padrinus (Viereck)
© Evagetes p. minusculus (Banks)
(Both subspp. widely distr. in U.S.)

mens examined, one male has only two SMCs on both wings, and
two females have two on one side and one on the other. In about
20% of the specimens SMC3 is petiolate.

Evagetes padrinus minusculus (Banks)

Psammochares minusculus Banks, 1910, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 18: 118 [Type:
9, TExAs: Fedor, Lee Co., 21 June 1909 (G. Birkman) (MCZ, no.

13, 701)].

Pompiloides (Nanopompilos) minusculus Banks, 1914, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,
PPeSOile

Evagetes padrinus minusculus Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 176-
Giles

Female. — Length 4-9 mm. Differs from p. padrinus only being much
more extensively silvery-sericeous, sometimes almost wholly so, at most bluish
on parts of the thoracic dorsum and abdomen.

Male. — Length 4-6.5 mm. Pubescence over most of head and thorax
silvery, rather coarse; first three or four abdominal tergites with basal silvery
fasciae; pubescence of vertex and parts of the thoracic dorsum and abdomen
brownish-violaceous, at most obscurely bluish.

Distribution. — Florida and northeastern Mexico to the Dakotas,
Ontario, and New Hampshire. (Map 25.)

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

136 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Mexican specimens examined. —2 22. TAMAULIPAS: 1 2°,
Rio Guayalejo at Highway 85, 3 Aug. 1959 (AM & LS) [UCD].
CoaAHuILA: 1 ¢, 12 mi. N Hermanas, 11 Aug. 1959 (AM & LS)
[UCD].

Evagetes calefactus new species

Holotype. — ?, CALIFORNIA: San Diego Co., Agua Caliente
Creek, Warner Springs, 25 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ, no. 30, 962].

Description of type female. — Length 11 mm.; fore wing 9.5 mm. Black;
pubescence wholly dark, with strong bluish and blue-green reflections; fore
wing moderately infuscated except lightly infuscated at extreme base, heavily
infuscated in a broad outer marginal band; hind wing lightly infuscated, darker
apically. Scape not hairy; front, vertex, and front coxae weakly hairy; temples
and propleura with abundant fine hair; propodeum with fairly numerous but
very short, fine hairs on the sides of the declivity; abdomen very smooth, with
only a few weak hairs ventrally and apically. Labrum slightly exserted beyond
the rather small clypeus, which is truncate apically, 2.3 XK as wide as high.
Head 1.18 X as wide as high; front very narrow for the genus, MID .55 X
TFD; UID .97 X LID, the inner margins of the eyes subparallel; front with a
fine median linear impression. Ocelli in a broad, flat triangle, POL: 0OL =5:4.
First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 25:8:33:27, third segment
about 3.5 X as long as its maximum width, equal to .72 X UID. Temples not
at all developed; vertex weakly arched above the eye tops, not at all elevated
at the ocellar triangle. Pronotum evenly arcuate behind. Propodeum with a
strong, linear median impression; declivity strongly defined. Front tarsus with
a comb of very long, slender spines, four on the basitarsus, the apical one about
1.3 X as long as the second tarsal segment. Fore wing with SMC2 about 1.8
X as wide as high, SMC3 about 1.2 X as wide as high, narrowed by nearly .9
above.

Allotype. — & , same data as type [MCZ].

Description of allotype male. — Length 6 mm.; fore wing 5 mm. Black;
pubescence reflecting bluish as in the female, except silvery on the clypeus,
front, sides of the scutellum, metanotum, and posterior slope of the propodeum;
wings hyaline, fore wing with a broad dark band along the outer margin, hind
wing slightly infuscated at tip. Head, propleura, and front coxae weakly
setose; propodeum with a few hairs on each side which stand well above the
coarse pubescence. Clypeus rather strongly convex, about twice as broad as
high; front broad, MID .65 X TED; eyes diverging strongly above, UID 1.15 X
LID. Ocelli in a broad triangle; POL:OOL=5:4; vertex very weakly elevated
within the ocellar triangle. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about
13:5:8:9, segment three about 1.6 X as long as wide. Pronotum rather long,

HOWARD E. EVANS 37

its posterior margin very indistinctly angulate medially. Propodeum impressed
medially, strongly declivous on the posterior third. Last segment of front
tarsus barely asymmetrical; inner claw of this tarsus strongly curved, bifid.
Longer spur of hind tibia .67 X as long as the basitarsus. Fore wing with
SMC2 1.7 X as wide as high, SMC3 very much smaller, subtriangular, only
very slightly wider than high. SGP moderately elevated medially, without a
pair of sclerotized points toward the base (fig. 78). Genitalia with relatively
short parameres and with the digiti relatively broad and but little produced
toward the midline, in general very similar to those of parvus; aedoeagus with
a number of setae on the apical fifth (fig. 39).

Paratypes. — TEXAS: 1 2, Seguin, 7 June 1960 (J. E. Gillaspy)
[USNM]. Arizona: 1 6, 3 mi. SE Fredonia, 21 Aug. 1957 (W. F.
Barr) [USNM]. Montana: 1 2, no further data [ANSP].

Variation. — The two female paratypes are 9.5 (Texas) and 10
(Montana) mm. in length. Both specimens have a large amount of
silvery pubescence on the clypeus, front, and temples, but otherwise
they are strikingly like the type. In the Texas specimen MID is .56
X TFD, antennal segment three .68 X UID. The Montana specimen
has a somewhat broader front and vertex, MID measuring .60 X TFD,
antennal segment three .65 X UID. In both paratypes the apical
basitarsal comb-spine is about 1.5 X as long as the second tarsal seg-
ment; the shape of the SMCs of the fore wing is almost identical to
that of the type. The male paratype is 7 mm. long and is more ex-
tensively silvery than the allotype, the greater part of the thorax, leg-
bases, and base of the abdomen being silvery-sericeous; the front,
vertex, and propodeum have more numerous erect hairs than does
the allotype. MID is .63 X TFD; the third antennal segment is 1.7
X as long as thick. In all other respects it is very similar to the allo-
type.

Remarks. — The occurrence of this species in Montana should
probably be questioned pending further evidence.

Genus TASTIOTENIA Evans

Tastiotenia Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 150-153 [Type species:
Tastiotenia festiva Evans, monobasic].

Generic characters. — Small wasps, 3.0-6.5 mm. in length, patterned with
black, whitish, and ferruginous. Body clothed with pale pubescence which is
dense and suberect on the propodeum of the male, but wholly without erect
setae, the tip of the abdomen of the female with some weak, pale, subappressed

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

138 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

setae. Head rather thick, the temples strongly developed in both sexes; malar
space practically absent. Mandibles with a single tooth on the inner margin;
labrum barely exserted in resting position. Clypeus a narrow transverse band,
truncate apically, not wider than the lower part of the broad front. Antennae
relatively short, third segment in the female equal to not much if any more than
half UID, third segment in the male not or but slightly longer than the second
segment; apical segment of male antenna abruptly, obliquely truncate. Ocelli
in a broad triangle on a broad vertex which arches above the tops of the eyes.
Pronotum of male quite short, feebly angulate behind; that of the female some-
what longer, although shorter than the mesoscutum along the midline, sloping
very weakly. Postnotum strong, approximately as long as the metanotum or
even slightly longer. Propodeum with the slope low, nearly flat behind, the
posterior rim practically absent. Legs weakly spinose; female without a tarsal
comb and without spines beneath the apical tarsal segments; all tarsal claws
dentate in both sexes, in the male weakly so, pulvillar pad and comb very
weakly developed; male with the last segment of the front tarsus unmodified
and the two claws alike, this sex with the hind tibial spurs and the basal parts
of the tarsus relatively very broad and strongly flattened. Fore wing with the
transverse median vein meeting media basad of the basal vein, the latter some-
what arched on its lower part; marginal cell removed from the wing tip by
slightly more than its own length, the radial vein more or less evenly arcuate;
three SMCs present; hind wing with the anal vein straight, paralleling the pre-
axillary furrow, the transverse median vein leaving it at a sharp angle and
meeting the media far basad of the origin of the cubitus (fig. 9). Male abdo-
men without unusual modifications, the SGP rather narrow, tectiform; genitalia
with slender, slightly curved parameres, basal hooklets double, aedoeagus much
expanded apically.

Distribution. — Deserts of the Sonoran subregion of the Nearctic
region. Only one species is known.

Remarks. — The venation of the hind wing of this genus suggests
Epipompilus and Allaporus, and the pronotum of the female is some-
what elongate as in those genera, but there are no other noteworthy
similarities. The general form of the body (especially the propo-
deum) suggests Ceropales, but the male genitalia seem closest to
Pompilus (Perissopompilus). This genus represents a most puzzling
assortment of characters, suggesting that it may be a relic of a very
early stock of Pompilinae.

Tastiotenia festiva Evans

Tastiotenia festiva Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 152-153 [Type:
9, Mexico: SONORA: Guaymas, 29 Sept. 1923 (W. M. Mann)
(USNM, no. 59, 477) ]. — Evans, 1954, Pan-Pac. Ent., 30: 103-104

HOWARD E. EVANS 139

(male). — Evans, 1961, Southwest. Nat., 6: 51-52 (distribution and
biology).

Female. — Length 4-6.5 mm. Head black except the mandibles and
clypeus partly or wholly suffused with castaneous, the antennae varying from
dusky castaneous to black; pronotum varying from rufo-castaneous to black,
marked with white on the collar and along the posterior margin; mesoscutum,
scutellum, metanotum, postnotum, mesopleura, and mesosternum largely or
wholly blackish; propodeum, metapleura, propleura, and front and middle
coxae varying from rufo-castaneous to blackish; legs otherwise pale rufo-cas-
taneous except sometimes infuscated apically, the front legs sometimes wholly
so; abdomen wholly pale rufo-castaneous. Wings hyaline except fore wing with
an apical fuscous band. Clypeus about 3.5 X as wide as high; front and vertex
very broad, MID .64-.68 X TFD; third antennal segment .40-.55 X UID.
SMC3 of rather variable size but always much smaller than the second.

Male. — Length 3-5 mm. Predominantly black, the pronotum with a
whitish band behind, including the posterior lobes, and the apical abdominal
tergite usually with a white spot; mouthparts, pronotum, and metapleura suf-
fused with rufo-castaneous; hind femora in large part rufo-castaneous, some-
times also the hind coxae, trochanters, and tibiae and the middle femora and
tibiae; front legs and abdomen sometimes in part suffused with brownish; wings
as in female. Front broad, the eyes nearly parallel, UID and LID nearly equal;
POL equal to or exceeding OOL. Antennae very compact, segment three only
slightly longer than thick, middle flagellar segments very slightly if at all longer
than thick. Terminalia as figured by Evans, 1954, figs. 1 and 2.

Distribution. — Deserts, southern California to western Texas,
south into northern Mexico. Evans (1961) summarized distribution
records as of that date. More recently I have taken two females in
western Texas, one at El Paso, 4 May 1963, one 3 mi. E of Presidio,
23 April 1963, both on desert sand. (Map 26.)

Mexican specimens examined. —1 2. SONORA: 1 2, Guaymas,
29 Sept. 1923 (W. M. Mann) [type, USNM].

Genus AGENIOIDEUS Ashmead

Agenioideus Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 85 [Type species: Pompilus
humilis Cresson, monobasic]. — Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
75: 189-201 (revision).

Aporoideus Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 86 [Type species: Pompilus
sericeus Van der Linden, monobasic]. Synonym by Evans, 1950.

Generic characters. — Size 3.5-17 mm.; wings often longer than the body.
Black or ferruginous, pubescence not reflecting metallic colors, males with the
last abdominal tergite whitish, sometimes with other pale markings. Body with

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

140 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Regt eee | |
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A Austrochares mexicanus Dreisbach j A
HH Aplochares imitator (Smith) ;
(also widely distr. in S. America) {

at most some sparse, fine hairs on the head, thoracic dorsum, propodeum, and
tip of abdomen; tip of abdomen not bristly. Mandibles with one or two teeth
on the inner margin. Clypeus large, wider than LID in female. Inner orbits
converging above. Antennae long and slender, third segment in female exceed-
ing UID. Pronotum short, its posterior margin angulate or subangulate. Post-
notum at least one third as long as metanotum. Propodeal slope low and even,
with or without transverse striae. Legs slender, weakly to moderately spinose;
female with or without a comb on the front tarsus. Claws dentate in both
sexes, except inner claws of front tarsi of male more strongly curved and some-
what bifid, but apical segment of front tarsus of male symmetrical, not lobed
on inner side. Pulvillar pad small, the comb of about 7 weak, diverging setulae.
Fore wing with stigma rather large, marginal cell large, removed from wing tip
by less than its own length; three SMCs present; third discoidal cell long, the
second recurrent vein arising considerably more than half way from base of
subdiscoidal vein to margin of wing; hind wing with anal vein arching up to
meet median vein before cubital fork; anal lobe not over half as long as sub-
median cell (fig. 10). Male genitalia with the basal hooklets single; parameres
slender; parapenial lobes slender.

Distribution. — This genus is widely distributed throughout the
globe, but shows considerable structural diversity. The American
species fall into three subgenera, which may be separated by the fol-
lowing key.

HOWARD E. EVANS 141

KEY TO SUBGENERA

1. Apical tarsal segments of female with a few median spines be-
neath; male SGP nearly flat, not strongly compressed or keeled
Rcvestolly) agnanaeaicuite ane SARI tae ee AC a ee eee Ridestus Banks

Apical tarsal segments without spines beneath; male SGP strongly
COMA OTEK JSS GCIs as ed osncse obaslelSasacceu scene Sone eee een on ae 2)

2. Female with tarsal comb present; male with third antennal seg-
ment slightly longer than fourth; our species with banded wings
and a white spot on the hind tibia ........ Agenioideus Ashmead

Female without a tarsal comb; male with third antennal segment
shorter than fourth; our species with wings unbanded and tibiae
UORTIM AVOUT RN WON | GEAR en a ee nae ene Gymnochares Banks

Subgenus RIDESTUS Banks

Ridestus Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 223 [Type species: Psam-
mochares transversalis Banks (=biedermani Banks), original desig-
nation].

Subgeneric characters. Clypeus of female weakly emarginate, that of
male rounded or subtruncate. Antennae very slender, third segment in female
about 7 X as long as thick, in male at least 3 X as long as thick. Propodeum
of female obscurely to rather strong transversely rugose, that of male with
coarse silvery pubesence. Front tarsus of female with a comb of long, slender
spines, apical tarsal segments in this sex with a row of small spines beneath.
Male SGP moderately broad, nearly flat; genitalia with the parameres curved
but slightly, aedoeagus simple, without a setae or apical lobes.

Distribution. — Southern parts of Nearctic and Palaearctic re-
gions.

Included species. — The type species, biedermani, occurs widely
in western United States and northern Mexico. A second species,
described below as rubicundus, inhabits central Mexico. This species,
known from males only, may be distinguished from biedermani by its
almost wholly ferruginous coloration and by minor differences in the
terminalia.

Agenioideus (Ridestus) biedermani (Banks)

Pompilus mexicanus Taschenberg, 1869, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw., 34: 52 [Type:
2, “MeExico” (Zool. Inst., Halle, Germany)]. Preoccupied by Cres-
son, 1867. — Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 193.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

142 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Psammochares biedermani Banks, 1910, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 18: 116 [Type:
6, ARIZONA: Palmerlee, July (Biederman) (MCZ, no. 13, 706)].

Psammochares striatulus Banks, 1910, ibid., p. 119 [Type: 2, ARIZONA: Palm-
erlee, Aug. (Biederman) (MCZ, no. 13, 662)]. Synonym by Evans,
1950.

Psammochares transversalis Banks, 1910, Psyche, 17: 248 [Type: 2, ARIZONA:
Palmerlee, Aug. (Biederman) (MCZ, no. 13, 661)]. Synonym by
Evans, 1950.
Gymnochares biedermani Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 239. —
Dreisbach, 1949, Ent. Amer., (n.s.) 29: 40, pl. IV, fig. 18.
Arachnophroctonus anahuacensis Bradley, 1944, Notulae Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., no. 145, p. 10 (new name for mexicanus Tasch., nec Cresson).
New synonym.

Agenioideus (Ridestus) biedermani Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75:
192-195.

The type of Taschenberg’s mexicanus is in good condition and is
a typical specimen of Banks’ biedermani.

Female. — Length 7-17 mm. Black, inner and outer orbits each with a
very small pale spot; fore wings lightly to rather heavily infuscated. Pubes-
cence very fine, brownish or cinereous, often silvery on sides of lower front.
Body with only a few erect hairs, propodeum and legs completely without erect
hairs. Front narrow, MID .52-.58 X TED; UID .75-.80 X LID; third antennal
segment 1.2-1.7 X UID. Rugae of propodeum varying from fairly strong to
barely perceptible. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, the apical one
about as long as second tarsal segment. Fore wing with stigma large, SMC3
wide above.

Male. — Length 5.5-11 mm. Black, orbits spotted as in female, apical
tergite white; wings hyaline, apical margin of fore wing and tip of hind wing
infuscated. Pubescence extensively silvery, rather coarse on posterior slope of
propodeum. Clypeus 1.5-1.7 X as wide as high, rounded or subtruncate below.
MID .57-.60 X TFD; UID and LID subequal. Third antennal segment about
3 X as long as thick, usually slightly exceeding four. Postnotum nearly as
long as metanotum. Wings as in female. SGP broadly rounded apically, the
midline roundly elevated toward the base. Genitalia with the digiti slender,
clothed with sparse setae of moderate length (see figures in Dreisbach, 1949,
and Evans, 1950).

Distribution. —— Oregon, Utah, and Kansas south to Baja Cali-
fornia and Hidalgo. The Montana record | presented in 1950 is
questionable; I have since seen a male from The Dalles, Oregon
[OSU]. (Map 27.)

Mexican specimens examined. —4 22, 1 ¢@. BAJA CALI-
FORNIA: 1 ¢, La Paz, 5 June [CAS]. CHIHUAHUA: 1 2, Tinaja

HOWARD E. EVANS 143

ee AS. of | am
a il i!
SS ]
SS eee ea |
Te Ss ) |
\ =e li esecon a
h SQ ( X aes Ve
a @ \
i S
=; SI ce) =>
‘ e as aN ;
i a 0 XX
f sue = Jie
Y =
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~ ieee
—1-@ Bes
Y aa SS
~ Me Iyls
il}
‘aA 5 a
Map 27 e
@ Agenicideus (Ridestus) biedermani (Banks) /

(also widely distr. in western U.S.)
Oo Agenioideus (Ridestus) rubicundus Evans “hie S
A Priochilus sericeifrons (Fox) a 3 oF

(also occurs in S. America) :

[USNM]. Nuevo LEon: 1 2, Galeana, 5-6000 feet, 3 Aug. 1939
(R. Haag) [USNM]. Hipatco: 1 ¢,1 ¢, Zimapan, 6400 feet, June,
July (HEE, B. D. Valentine) [MCZ].

Agenioideus (Ridestus) rubicundus new species

Holotype. — 8, MExico: MoreELos: 3 mi. N Alpuyeca, 3400
feet, 18 April 1959 (HEE) [MCZ, no: 30; 963).

Description. — Length 7 mm.; fore wing 6.5 mm. Color ferruginous ex-
cept propleura, posterior lateral margins of pronotum, and posterior part of
mesosternum black, inner and outer orbits with a small yellowish streak; first
two antennal segments ferruginous, rest of antenna dark brown; legs ferrugi-
nous except middle and hind tarsi strongly infuscated. Wings faintly tinged
with brownish, apical margin of fore wing and tip of hind wing slightly darker.
Entire body covered with fine silvery pubescence; erect hairs virtually absent
except for some whitish ones on temples and propleura. Clypeus 1.6 X as wide
as high, its apical margin weakly rounded, subtruncate. Front rather narrow,
MID .56 X TFD; UID and LID subequal; POL very slightly exceeding OOL.
First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 23:12:25:23, segment three
3.3 X as long as wide. Pronotum short, subarcuate behind; postnotum at mid-
line nearly as long as metanotum, transversely striate; propodeum with the
slope low and even, without a median impression. Middle and hind tibiae

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

144 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

with sparse, rather strong black spines; longer spur of hind tibia .66 X length
of hind basitarsus. Fore wing with basal and transverse median veins inter-
stitial, SMC3 narrowed by slightly more than half above. SGP similar to that
of biedermani, rounded apically, rather flat except for a strong median eleva-
tion toward the base. Genitalia with the parameres slender, with a membra-
nous strip along the inner margin and with a small, acute squama about half-
way to the apex: digiti slightly wider than in biedermani, the inner apex sub-
angulate, the surface sparsely setose; aedoeagus simple, shorter than the para-
penial lobes (fig. 37).

Distribution. — Central Mexico. (Map 27.)

Paratypes. — MoreELos: 1 46, 12 mi. E Cuernavaca, 14 Aug.
1962, 4000 feet (RHP) [USNM]. Nayarit: 1 ¢, Ahuacatlan, 18-
22 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].

Variation. — In the paratypes the fore wing varies from 6 to 8
mm. long. The Morelos specimen is colored much like the type, but
the flagellum and tarsi are nearly black, the mesosternum is wholly
black, and the ocellar triangle is black. Body measurements are very
similar to those of the type; in both the paratypes POL:OOL is about
as 5:4. The Nayarit specimen has a slightly wider front than the
other two, MID measuring .59 X TFD. This specimen is colored
somewhat differently, the inner and outer orbits having a stronger yel-
lowish streak and the posterior margin of the pronotum a yellowish
stripe; also, the following are suffused with blackish: central part of
upper front, extending through ocelli to occiput; extreme anterior part
of mesoscutum; sides of scutellum and all of metanotum and post-
notum; a broad band down center of propodeum; propleura, meso-
sternum, and anterior parts of meso- and metapleura; trochanters,
tibial spurs, and tarsi also strongly infuscated.

Subgenus AGENIOIDEUS Ashmead

Agenioideus Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 85 [Type species: Pompilus
humilis Cresson, monobasic].

Aporoideus Ashmead, 1902, ibid., p. 86 [Type species: Pompilus sericeus Van
der Linden, monobasic].

Subgeneric characters. — Clypeus subtruncate, in female sometimes weakly
produced medially. Head very thin; inner orbits convergent above in both
sexes. Propodeum with the slope low and even, with shallow longitudinal
grooves behind the spiracles, but without more than a faint suggestion of trans-
verse rugae; posterior slope with coarse silvery pubescence in both sexes, in the

HOWARD E. EVANS 145

female also with a few erect hairs in our species. Female with a strong tarsal
comb, but apical tarsal segments not spined beneath. Male SGP strongly com-
pressed, keel-shaped; genitalia with the aedoeagus bilobed apically, bearing a
few setae, parameres somewhat elbowed about midway.

\

Distribution. — Palaearctic and Nearctic regions, with the single
Nearctic species, humilis, ranging south to Panama.

Agenioideus (Agenioideus) humilis (Cresson)

Pompilus humilis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 91 [Type: 2°,
NEw York (no further data) (ANSP, no. 552) ].

Agenioideus humilis Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 85 — Dreisbach, 1949,
Ent. Amer. (n.s.) 29: 38, pl. III, fig. 13.

Agenioideus (Agenioideus) humilis Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75:
196-198, figs. 37, 39, 58.

Female. — Length 5.5-10.5 mm. Black; inner orbits usually with a small
pale spot near base on outer side; wings hyaline, fore wings with a brownish
band at marginal cell, not reaching hind margin of wing, and a weaker band
just before outer wing margin. Body pubescence extensively silvery, propo-
deum with a few setae extending above the pubescence. Clypeus with a very
weak median projection in most specimens. MID .57-.62 X TED; inner orbits
strongly convergent at top, UID about .7 X LID; third antennal segment 1.0-
1.6 X UID. POL:OOL about as 3:2. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines,
the apical one about as long as second tarsal segment. SMC3 strongly nar-
rowed above (fig. 10).

Male. — Length 4-9.5 mm. Black, the hind tibiae with a whitish basal
spot or streak and the apical tergite whitish; inner orbits usually with a small
pale spot; banding of wings as in female, but much weaker, sometimes barely
evident. Body extensively silvery-pubescent, propodeum with or without a
few setae extending above the pubescence. Clypeus about twice as broad as
high, its apical margin subtruncate. MID .58-.62 X TFD; UID .82-.90 X
LID. Third antennal segment about 2.5 X as Jong as thick. Postnotum nearly
as long as metanotum. SMC3 often triangular or nearly so. Terminalia as
figured by Dreisbach, 1949, and Evans, 1950.

Distribution. — This species occurs across southern Canada,
throughout the entire United States, and as far south as Panama.
However, it is rather local in distribution, occurring chiefly around
cliffs, stone walls, and old buildings. (Map 23.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. —8 2° 2,
4 66. Mexico: MoreLos: 4 2 2, Cuernavaca & vic., Mch.-May
[USNM, MCZ, CU]; 2 ¢ 6, Canyon de Lobos, nr. Yautepec, 7-13
March 1959 (HEE) [MCZ, CU]. GUATEMALA: 2 6 6, Moca

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

146 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Guatalon, 1000 meters, Mch., Apr. 1941 (JB) [MCZ]; 2 2 2, El
Salto, Escuintla, 28 June 1934 (FXW) [MCZ]. PANAMA: 2 2 2,
El Volcan, Chiriqui, May 1936 (H. A. Senn) [AMNH].

Subgenus GYMNOCHARES Banks

Gymnochares Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 107 [Type species:
Psammochares birkmanni Banks, designated by Pate, 1946]. — Banks,
1934, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 69: 99 (Philippine spp.).

Subgeneric characters. —Clypeus truncate apically. Front rather nar-
row, inner orbits convergent above in female. Propodeum either smooth and
strongly silvery-sericeous or with transverse striae. Legs weakly spinose; spines
of hind tibia small, not half as long as width of tibia at their base; front tarsus
of female without a comb; apical tarsal segments not spined beneath. Stigma
rather large; SMC3 usually wide above. Abdomen of male short, the apical
segments normally telescoped into the basal segments; SGP very strongly com-
pressed; genitalia with the aedoeagus simple, the parameres in our species
elbowed about midway.

Distribution. — Palaearctic, Oriental, and Nearctic. The only
species known to occur in Mexico or Central America is birkmanni,
which is also widely distributed in the United States.

Agenioideus (Gymnochares) birkmanni (Banks)

Psammochares birkmanni Banks, 1910, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 18: 116 [Type:
6, Texas: Lee Co., 16 Sept. 1906 (G. Birkman) (MCZ, no. 13,
707) ].

Gymnochares texana Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 94: 170 [Type:
9, Texas: Austin, 5 June 1900 (A. L. Melander) (MCZ, no. 25,
704)]. Synonym by Evans, 1950.

Agenioideus (Gymnochares) birkmanni Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
75: 199-201, figs. 38, 41.

Female. — Length 5-11 mm. Wholly black; wings varying from nearly
hyaline to rather heavily infuscated, somewhat violaceous. Pubescence very
fine, silvery at least on sides of front, often almost wholly silvery; body almost
entirely without erect hairs. Front narrow MID .50-.60 X TFD; UID .65-.80
X LID; third antennal segment 1.1-1.6 X UID. Ocelli in a compact triangle,
POL:OOL about as 3:2. Propodeum with transverse rugae which vary from
strong to very weak. Abdomen short and stout.

Male. — Length 3.5-6.5 mm. Black, apical tergite mostly whitish; wings
usually hyaline, with a dark marginal band, occasionally wholly lightly infus-
cated. Body in large part silvery-sericeous, the pubescence coarse and suberect

HOWARD E. EVANS 147

on the propodeum; body practically without erect hairs. Clypeus about or
slightly less than twice as broad as high. MID .54-.62 X TED; UID subequal
to or slightly exceeding LID. Third antennal segment 1.5-2.0 X as long as
thick, always distinctly shorter than fourth. Postnotum slightly shorter than
metanotum. Longer spur of hind tarsus .7 as long as basitarsus. Abdomen
very short; terminalia as figured by Evans, 1950.

Distribution. — New Jersey, Kansas, and Oregon south to
Georgia and to Guerrero and Oaxaca. The species is much less un-
common in the western part of its range, and most of the Mexican
records are from the western half of the country. The New Jersey
record is unpublished, and is based on several specimens collected by
V.S. L. Pate at Medford Lakes [CU]. (Map 28.)

Mexican specimens examined. —15 2 2, 28 é 46. COAHUILA:
1 2, Fuente, 12 June [CIS]. Sonora: 1 ¢, Ciudad Obregon, 2 Nov.
1955 (A. Zazueta) [ENAC]. BAJA CALIFORNIA: | 6, 28 mi. S El
Arco, 4 July 1960 (AEM) [CIS]; 1 ¢, Mouth of Rio Santelino, 21
Sept. [CAS]; 1 ¢, Isla Partida, Gulf of Calif., 23 March 1953 (P. H.
Arnaud) [CAS]; 1 ¢, Cedros Isl., 3 June 1925 (H. H. Keifer) [CAS];
1 6, Angeles Bay, 7 May 1921 (E. P. Van Duzee) [CAS]; 7 ¢? 2,
3 64, Clarion Island, Revillagigedos, 26-30 Apr. 1925 (H. H.
Keifer) [CAS, CIS]. SrnaLoa: 1 2°, 8 mi. SE Elota, 18 May 1962
(FDP) [UCD]; 1 2, 9 mi. E Chupaderos, 15 May 1962 (FDP)
[UCD]. GuERRERO: 1 3, 3 mi. N Chilpancingo, 4000 feet, 19
March 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. More tos: 4 ¢ ¢, Cuernavaca & vic.,
4500-6000 feet, Mch.-June (HEE, FDP) [CU, UCD, MCZ]; 2 2 ¢,
3 6 6,3 mi. N Alpuyeca, 3400 feet, Mch.-May 1959 (HEE) [CU,
MCZ]; 1 6, 6 mi. S Temixco, 30 Mch. 1962 (LS) [UCD]. PUEBLA:
1 6,3 mi. NW Petlalcingo, 2 April 1962 (LS) [UCD]. Oaxaca:
222,10 6 6, 23 mi. S Matias Romero, 5 Apr. 1962 (LS, FDP)
[UCD, MCZ].

Variation. — Females from the southern parts of the range tend
to have the wings rather heavily infuscated, violaceous, and the sil-
very pubescence of the body much reduced.

Genus PRIOCHILUS Banks

Priochilus Banks, 1944, Psyche, 50: 82 [Type species: Pompilus nobilis Fab-
ricius (i.e., Sphex nobilis Fabr. 1787, nec Scopoli 1763; = gloriosum
multifasciatum Taschenberg), original designation]. — Banks, 1944,
Zoologica, 29: 104-106 (Br. Guiana spp.).— Banks, 1946, Bull.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

148 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

@ Agenioideus (Gymnochares) birkmanni (Banks)
(widely distr. in US.)

Z\ Priochilus gracile Evans
(also recorded from Surinam)

A Priochilus scrupulum (Fox)
(also occurs in northern S. America)

Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 510-520. — Dreisbach, 1950, Bull. Brooklyn
Ent. Soc., 45: 50-59 (North American spp.).

Argyrogenia Bradley, 1944, Notulae Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., no. 145, p. 6
[Type species: Pompilus gloriosus Cresson, monobasic].

Foximia Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venez., 4: 97-99 [Type species: Pompilus
scrupulus Fox, original designation; proposed as subgenus of Prio-
chilus|. — Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 510. New
synonym.

Ectemnagenia Haupt, 1959, Nova Acta Leopoldina, v. 21, no. 141, pp. 28, 64
[Type species: Pompilus nobilis Fabricius, monobasic]. New syno-
nym.

Acanthagenia Haupt, 1959, ibid., pp. 28-29, 64-66 [Type species: Pompilus
regius Fabricius, original designation]. New synonym.

Generic characters. —Small to rather large wasps (6-22 mm.), with
rather slender bodies and elongate wings. Antennae and palpi relatively long
and slender; mandibles with one or two teeth on the inner margin basad of the
apical tooth; malar space absent or nearly so; eyes relatively very large and
the front narrow, MID generally less than half TFD in the females; head con-
tracted immediately behind the eyes, the temples not developed. Scutellum
prominent; postnotum a fairly strong transverse band; propodeum without a
well-defined declivity, the slope rather smooth. Legs rather spinose but female
without a tarsal comb; femora often with small spine-pits on the upper side
apically; middle and hind tibiae spinose, the hind tibiae of the female with or

HOWARD E. EVANS 149

without a carina or series of serrations above; apical tarsal segments with a
median row of spines beneath in the females; middle and hind tarsi of male
with the pubescence suberect, bristling; pulvillar pad small, the comb very weak;
last segment of front tarsus of male unmodified; all claws of both sexes bifid,
the inner ray truncate, except that in most species some of the claws of the
male are simple (except for a basal swelling). Fore wing with the marginal
cell large, removed from the wing tip by at most its own length, the radial vein
nearly evenly arcuate; SMC3 wide above; transverse median vein usually meet-
ing media slightly beyond the origin of the basal vein; hind wing with the anal
vein arching up to meet media at or slightly before the origin of cubitus (fig.
11). Abdomen of female rather slender, the second sternite with an indis-
tinct transverse impression; abdomen of male very slender, especially basally;
sixth sternite of male with a strong apical emargination; male SGP rather broad
basally and internally, rather slender and tapering apically, the midline some-
what elevated (figs. 71-73); male genitalia with the basal hooklets double,
single, or absent; parameres without a strong squama; aedoeagus expanded in
various ways apically, with at least minute setae on the shaft (figs. 31-36).

Distribution. — This is a strictly Neotropical genus, largely re-
stricted to areas of rain forest, occurring widely throughout northern
South America, north to Dominica in the Lesser Antilles and to
southern Mexico, one species occurring also in Jamaica.

Remarks. — Most authors have placed this genus in the Pepsinae
or “Cryptocheilinae” (Banks and Dreisbach), while Haupt recently
included it in his review of the “Macromerinae” (Auplopodini).
Personally I regard the genus as a pompiline, probably an offshoot
of Agenioideus, which has shown convergence toward the Auplo-
podini by reason of its unusual nesting behavior. Williams (1928,
Bull. Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Assoc., Ent. Ser., no. 19, pp. 140-
142) found two species (regium and gloriosum multifasciatum
[=nobile]) lining their nests with bits of leaves, the former under
bark and the latter in a rolled-up dead palm leaf sheath. Some spe-
cies of A genioideus nest in pre-existing cavities, and there are many
structural similarities between this genus and Priochilus. Characters
which clearly indicate that this genus belongs in the Pompilinae are:
spine-pits on the femora of some species; splayed-out spines at the
apices of the tibiae; a median row of spines beneath the apical tarsal
segments; and lack of a groove on the second sternite (save for a
vague impression no different from that of some species of Ageni-
oideus ).

A great many names are available for the approximately twenty

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

150 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

species of this genus. I have indicated much new synonymy in my
treatment of the ten species known to enter Central America, and it
is probable that there are still additional synonyms of some of these
ten species. For the most part the species are separable by fairly
clear-cut and conspicuous differences, but I can see no justification
for dividing the genus into genera or subgenera as Haupt and Banks

have done.

Key to Species %°
Females

1. Mandibles with two teeth on the inner margin besides the apical tooth;
labrum with a narrow to fairly broad polished band along its apical
F182 10 Ieee ena eee ere neon erste rea emerson strane e acer Cace accoeendeadsoscboccn00000000

Mandibles with only one tooth besides the apical tooth; labrum without a
complete polished band along its margin; apical tergite with dense, long,
closely appressed ‘SpimeS ............csvecce-sesconce-ceneseeesenetuccoucnsccdeeres ccessueeeeeemeets

2. Clypeus with a broad, rectangular apical projection; apical tergite with
dense, thick, semierect spines which underlie the sparse, long setae; pro-
podeum with white hairs, also with transverse rugae toward the upper
part:ofithe slope. see ces. acest eee gloriosum gloriosum (Cresson)

Clypeus simple, without such a projection; apical tergite without thick
spines underlying the long setae; propodeum bare or nearly so, without
rugae or the rugae present but located on the posterior slope .............. 3

3. Small to fairly large species; third antennal segment at most 1.45 X UID:
fore wings hyaline or nearly so, strongly banded; front coxae in front
with only some short, weak setae if any; body and legs black ............ 4

Large species with extremely long antennae, the third segment at least about
1.5 X UID; fore wings wholly infuscated, the banding rather indistinct;
front coxae with long, dark setae in front; abdomen rufous or legs in
JOU oop UD KU hearers rect acerncec eaccraadcayerccercosasorcearduacahdccoaddasoansoccesbadbbonovon0.se00000¢

4. Hind tibiae without evidence of a carina or serrations; apical abdominal
tergite with sparse and rather slender setae ..............cc:ceccceceeeerseceeeeenneeee 5

Hind tibiae with a series of serrations; apical tergite with rather dense,
bristly ‘setae apically: 2... eeccversecceeceoves cc cee sete eae oe eee ee eee eee

5. Front with fine, silvery to light brown pubescence; propodeum smooth;
clypeus weakly notched medially, the apical polished rim very narrow;
Tempeh mder UO mmm: ee bocce ence cee aes oe seeeans Secneeecoee eee gracile n. sp.

Front with dense, golden pubescence; propodeum with transverse rugae;

clypeus truncate, the apical polished rim fairly wide; length over 12 mm.
sericeifrons (Fox)

10 One species, fustiferum n. sp., is known frem the male sex only.

HOWARD E. EVANS Syl

Hind tibiae very weakly serrate in profile; first intercubital vein only slightly
if at all more oblique than the second, SMC2 narrowed only slightly if
at all above; fore wing tinged with luteous between the two major bands
J Sboene eb SaadddNGROGSSIUSTAC GG SEEU GUS BaCE SUS OEE GEC SHS EE SUSU SoEECEEROE DE CDE AC EEE scrupulum (Fox)

Hind tibiae quite distinctly serrate, each serration tipped with a small spine;
first intercubital vein very strongly oblique as compared to the second,
SMCz2 narrowed by half or more above (fig. 11); fore wing not tinged
VAIO IQKEG WS cacconcinoashoaodsoontccooonnod splendidulum splendidulum (Fabricius)

Abdomen black and with dark pubescence and setae; middle and hind
coxae, trochanters, and femora bright rufo-castaneous; carina on hind
tibia rather weak, crenulate but not really serrate in profile ....................
RN ER ce ae cce cs cee a Gt ere SaaS catdsis ce admirationis admirationis (Cameron)

Abdomen rufo-castaneous, with golden to brownish-orange pubescence and
setae; legs black; carina on hind tibia rather strong, distinctly serrate
OWAIRGl HOVE LEAS coccnooconeseaesononosessou0s0d00050 formosum hondurense Dreisbach

Clypeus truncate or gently concave apically; propodeum with dense, con-
spicuous silvery pubescence and white hairs; third antennal segment ex-
ceeding UID; length 12-21 mm. ....................ccce veraepacis (Cameron)

Clypeus with a shallow median emargination; propodeum with blackish
pubescence and setae; third antennal segment 0.9-1.1 X UID; length 7-
II ARON ODE: sb ssctano Ace ace NOnGe ACRe roti RRR EC EE ARBRE AEE ER CEE MTE Er captivum (Fabricius)

Males

Two or three of the basal abdominal segments marked basally with white
or pale yellow; clypeus and/or lower front with pale markings; claws of
THOVCOGIE TIRES LOyD OIG coareeactiroee ooadoavgeceaosonnoddedosacosdagedceds ane cencHaaeeeceae re eBee eee Eeee D

Abdomen without such markings on the basal segments; clypeus and front
wholly black; claws of middle tarsi with only a weak basal tooth, like
thosemofyntine wlan cleanses orere: seccceeeaeceeceesoaa ee ceee ee easease. bssmcterncsntessiosees S)

First abdominal segment marked with pale as well as the second and third;
clypeus black; ocelli quite large, OOL not much if any exceeding POL;
claws of hind tarsi bifid; length 10.5-14.5 mm. ........ sericeifrons (Fox)

First abdominal segment black, not annulated with pale; clypeus with white
markings; ocelli small, OOL much exceeding POL; claws of hind tarsi
with only a weak basal swelling; small, delicate species, length 5.5-9 mm.

Apex of SGP abruptly truncate or slightly emarginate (fig. 72); basal hook-
lets of genitalia wanting (fig. 32); lower inner orbits with white spots;
clypeus white except usually with a dark spot medially ...............::e1ee
Sa CERES esa STESESS HEP Rar SEES aoe een cascade aa ee CRE RNS Sree eEEeE ements scrupulum (Fox)

Apex of SGP acute or subacute (fig. 71); basal hooklets of genitalia well
developed (figs. 31, 36); lower inner orbits without white spots; clypeus
WELBON - caccoconedbedsooadsaccoasegkaoncdaquetosn esos betel mecbcdodn coOnCOSC Coa uso a ReReCE nee ea Eocene 4

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

152 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

4. Eyes strongly divergent above, UID 1.35 X LID; first intercubital vein
moderately oblique, SMC2 narrowed by about .4 above, slightly nar-
rower on the radius than SMC3; aedoeagus simple, digiti little expanded
on the inner margin and with the setae there little different from the
Others: (Chis. 3G) saseceasenete eee ee eee gracile n. sp.

Eyes moderately divergent above, UID 1.1-1.3 X LID; first intercubital
vein strongly oblique, such that SMC2 is strongly narrowed above, much
narrower on the radius than SMC3 (fig. 11); aedoeagus and digiti very
different from above (fig. 31) .... splendidulum splendidulum (Fabricius)

5. Propodeum without erect hairs; legs and abdomen marked with rufous or
the digiti of the genitalia clothed with a large number of short, strongly
Club beds Setae! is2.cu.vgh Seceeceescs ccespavaacncceesteseesecae tee ee eeee eee ee 6

Propodeum with abundant white or dark erect hairs; without rufous mark-
ings; digiti without clubbed setae or such setae of two different sizes,

SOMME -GUite’ LOMB: csecscasN sews sees shee soo onc doe cae aoe eea eases om ee 7
6. Body and legs entirely black; wings hyaline, fore wing strongly twice-
banded; genitalia as shown in fig. 33 ...............cse0seseeeeeees fustiferum 0. sp.

Legs and/or abdomen marked with rufous; genitalia not as above ..............
ieee admirationis admirationis (Cameron) and formosum hondurense
Dreisbach 14

7. Wings hyaline, fore wings with two strong fuscous bands; third antennal
segment unusually long, about 6-8 X as long as thick, much longer than
fourth segment, much exceeding UID .... gloriosum gloriosum (Cresson)

Fore wings wholly fuscous, violaceous; third antennal segment not more
than 5 X as long as thick, slightly if any longer than fourth segment,

not longer ‘tham’ WDD? 5 ...22sssessec sve snueesece ce ceuank tees sees CoeSea eee een oeet Coen ee aE 8

8. Propodeum with dense, conspicuous silvery pubescence and with whitish
hairs; length 13-15 mm.; hind wings partly hyaline; SMC2 about 1.5 X

as" wide ‘as hiph® 2.00.25 Se ote eer ee. eae neee eared veraepacis (Cameron)
Propodeum with dark pubescence and blackish hairs; length 7-10 mm.;
wings wholly fuliginous or fore wings with indistinct banding; SMC2

not much if any wider than high ......................08 captivum (Fabricius)

Priochilus gracile new species

Holotype. —°, CosTA Rica: Monteverde, 10°29’ N, 84°50’ W,
1400 meters, 11 Feb. 1963 (CWR) [MCZ, no. 30, 964].

The small size, non-serrate hind tibiae, and relatively short mar-
ginal cell of this species suggest Agenioideus. The male is separable

11 Males of these two forms are unknown, although the male of admirationis
amabile Banks has been described. The males of both forms will surely key out at
this point in the key when discovered; presumably the male formosum hondurense
will be found to have the abdomen wholly rufous while the male a. admirationis will
have the abdomen black or rufous only at the base.

HOWARD E. EVANS 153

from that of splendidulum on only minor characters, as indicated in
in the key.

Description of type female. — Length 8.5 mm; fore wing 6 mm. Black,
except apical half of mandibles and apical margin of clypeus rufo-testaceous,
tarsi somewhat brownish; pubescence silvery over much of body and basal parts
of legs, on top of head and parts of thoracic dorsum grading into light brown,
T1-3 silvery basally and with darker pubescence apically, abdomen otherwise
with the pubescence silvery to cinereous. Fore wing subhyaline, with a strong
brown band over the basal vein, through the basal parts of the first two dis-
coidal cells, and barely into the tip of the anal cell; also with a second brown
band through the marginal cell and SMC2 and 3, fading out below and not
well connected with the weak apical margining band; hind wing hyaline, with
a weak apical infuscation. Clypeus, upper front, and thoracic dorsum with
a very few strong setae; front coxae not setose in front and propodeum with
only some very weak setae on the sides; abdomen sparsely setose ventrally,
the apical tergite with a number of long setae, a few of which are somewhat
bristle-like. Mandibles with two teeth on the inner margin. Clypeus 2.5 X
as wide as its median height, touching the lower eye margins on each side, the
margin with a thin polished band, weakly notched medially. Head 1.20 X as
wide as high; MID .550 X TFD; UID .85 X MID. Ocelli rather small, in a
compact triangle the front angle of which is much less than a right angle;
POL:OOL=3:5. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 17:7:27:
21, segment three .86 X UID; flagellar segments slender, each with a short,
broadly elliptical sensorium on the ventral surface. Pronotum short, broadly
subangulate behind; postnotum angularly projecting backward medially; pro-
podeum with a strong median impression but with no evidence of rugae. Hind
tibia with several rows of strong spines but without evidence of a carina or
serrations, the apex with several splayed-out spines. Fore wing with the mar-
ginal cell removed from the wing tip by about its own length; stigma about
half as long as marginal cell; SMC2 about as high as its maximum width, nar-
rowed by .4 above; SMC3 1.8 X as wide below as SMC2, very slightly wider
on radial vein than SMC2; anal vein of hind wing meeting media well before
origin of cubitus.

Allotype. — é , CostTA Rica: 12 mi. SW Canas, Guanacaste Prov.,
27 February 1964 (HEE) [MCZ].

Description of allotype male. — Length 5.5 mm.; fore wing 5.2 mm. Black,
except marked with white as follows: clypeus except for a basal, median black
spot, scape beneath, extreme anterior part and posterior margin of pronotum,
tibial spurs, a white spot on the outer side of the middle and hind tibiae near
their base, basal bands on T2 and T3, and a spot on the apical tergite; man-
dibles straw-colored except black at base, the teeth rufous; palpi light brown;
antennae dark brown except basal segments paler beneath; front tibiae and

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

154 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

tarsi (and to a lesser extent the middle tibiae) suffused with pale ferruginous.
Wings hyaline, fore wing with an indistinct band at the basal vein and a some-
what stronger band at the marginal cell, the outer margin also somewhat in-
fuscated. Pubescence conspicuously silvery over much of body; body without
erect hairs. Head 1.17 X as wide as high. Clypeus 2.2 X as wide as high,
broadly truncate below. MID .56 X TFD, 1.4 X LID; UID 1.35 X LID, the
eyes thus very strongly divergent above; POL:00L=1:2. Third antennal seg-
ment nearly 3 X as long as thick, equal to about half the UID; outer flagellar
segments weakly crenulate in profile. Vertex forming a gentle arc above the
eye tops. Pronotum subangulate behind; postnotum produced backward medi-
ally, on the midline as long as the metanotum; slope of propodeum very low
and even. Claws of front and middle tarsi bifid, those of hind tarsi with a
weak basal tooth. ore wing with the marginal cell .8 its own length from
the wing tip; SMC2 1.3 X as wide as high, narrowed by about .4 above; SMC3
1.35 X as wide below as SMC2, 1.1 X as wide on the radius. SGP similar to
that of splendidulum (fig. 71) except relatively broader basally and slightly
less elongate, also less hirsute although with a series of stout spines along the
margin. Genitalia with the parameres nearly straight, fairly stout; basal hook-
lets strong, single; digiti not much expanded apically, covered with strong
spines, those on the inner margin but little different from the others; aedoeagus
simple (fig. 36).

Distribution. — Costa Rica; Surinam. (Map 28.)

Paratypes. — CosTA Rica: 1 ¢°, La Fortuna, Alajuela Prov., 600
feet elev., 18 Feb. 1964 (HEE) [MCZ]. Surinam: 1 2, Blaka-
watra, 11 June 1963 (J. van der Vecht) [Leiden Mus.].

Variation. — The two paratypes are strikingly similar to the type,
even though one of them is from a locality far distant from the type
locality. The Costa Rica paratype is very slightly larger than the
type (fore wing 6.5 mm.); standard measurements are virtually the
same as in the type except that UID is .93 X LID, antennal segment
three .91 X UID. The Surinam female also has nearly identical
standard measurements, but the marginal cell is slightly longer, be-
ing removed from the wing tip by only .8 its own length; in this speci-
men the clypeus is all black, slightly more strongly notched, and
about 2.7 X as wide as its median height.

Priochilus sericeifrons (Fox)

Pompilus sericeifrons Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 49: 251-252
[Type: 2, Brazi_: Santarem (CM) ].

Pompilus scutellatus Fox, 1897, ibid., pp. 252-253 [Type: ¢, BrRaziL: San-
tarem (CM)]. New synonym.

HOWARD E. EVANS 155

Pompilus harperi Cameron, 1912, Jour. R. Agri. Soc. Demerara, 2: 422 [Type:
2, British GUIANA (BMNH, no. 19, 706)]. Synonymy by Banks,
1944, confirmed by present writer.

Priochilus sericeifrons Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 104, 105 (Br. Guiana). —
Dreisbach, 1950, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 45: 58.

Priochilus (Foximia) aurifrons Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venez., 4: 98 [Type:
9, VENEZUELA (R. Lichy) (MCZ, no. 26, 665)].— Banks, 1946,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 512, 519. New synonym.

Priochilus (Foximia) sericeifrons Banks, 1946, ibid., pp. 512, 519 (Brazil, Br.
Guiana, Trinidad, Ecuador).

Priochilus (Foximia) scutellatus Banks, 1946, ibid., pp. 512, 519 (Brazil, Co-
lombia).

The fact that the hind tarsal claws of the male are bifid like those
of the other tarsi and that the female completely lacks a carina or
serrations on the hind tibia suggest that this is one of the more primi-
tive species of the genus.

Female. — Length 12.5-17.5 mm. Black; pubescence patterned with dark,
silvery, and golden; front with rather dense golden pubescence, that on the
scape silvery or golden; coxae, lower mesopleura, sides of the metanotum, and
posterior part of propodeum with pubescence somewhat denser than elsewhere,
silvery but often tinged with golden; pubescence of abdomen very fine, mostly
silvery on the basal segments except for dark apical bands. Fore wing with a
broad, complete fuscous band over the basal and transverse median veins, a
second broad band over the marginal and second and third SMCs, fading out
toward the posterior wing margin; outer wing margin narrowly, rather weakly
infuscated and many specimens with the submedian cell wholly weakly infus-
cated; wing membrane between the two bands and between the base and the
first band weakly to moderately strongly tinged with brownish; hind wing sub-
hyaline, weakly infuscated apically. Clypeus, front, and mesoscutum with a
very few long setae; occiput, propleura, and hind face of front coxae with some
short, pale hairs; body otherwise largely devoid of erect setae except for the
usual ones on the abdominal venter and apical tergite, the latter relatively thin
and sparse. Mandibles with two small teeth along the inner margin. Clypeus
2.2-2.4 X as wide as high, truncate below, the truncate portion with a narrow,
polished apical margin. Head 1.20-1.25 X as wide as high; front narrow, MID
.44-.48 X TFD; UID .88-.94 X MID, orbits diverging somewhat below. Ocelli
rather large and close together, the ocellar triangle slightly elevated above the
level of the vertex; POL:OOL about as 4:5. Antennae slender, third segment
and those beyond with large, elongate sensoria; third segment equal to from
1.2 to 1.3 X UID. Pronotum broadly subangulate behind; postnotum a trans-
verse band slightly shorter than the metanotum; propodeum weakly to rather
strongly transversely rugulose, more particularly on the sides of the posterior

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

156 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

slope. Hind tibia with several series of strong spines, but without evidence of
a carina or of serrations. Fore wing with the marginal cell removed from the
wing tip by slightly more than half its own length; SMC2 smaller than third,
thombiodal, wider than high, narrowed by much less than half above; anal
vein of hind wing meeting media slightly before the origin of the cubitus.

Male. — Length 10.5-14.5 mm. Black, the antennal flagellum light brown
beneath, the front tibiae and tarsi often light brown; body maculated with light
yellowish as follows: a spot on each side of the face, beside the antennal or-
bits; collar and posterior margin of pronotum; basal half (or somewhat less) of
first three abdominal segments (T1 sometimes with only weak pale markings) ;
a spot on the apical tergite; basal spots on the middle and hind tibiae (some-
times absent); spurs whitish. Wings hyaline, with a narrow band across the
basal and transverse median veins (almost entirely distad of those veins) and
a slightly wider but incomplete band across the marginal cell and SMC2 and 3.
Body pubescence extensively silvery, brownish on parts of the dorsum; body
devoid of erect hairs except for a few on the head and prothorax. Head about
1.25 X as wide as high. Clypeus 2.1-2.3 X as wide as high. MID .48-.52 X
TFD, about 1.15 X LID; UID 1.05-1.10 X LID. Ocelli unusually large, the
distance between the front and hind ocelli much less than the diameter of an
ocellus; ocellar triangle elevated above the level of the vertex; POL subequal
to or slightly greater or less than OOL. Third antennal segment 3.2-3.4 X as
long as thick, slightly longer than fourth segment, equal to about two-thirds
the UID. Pronotum arcuate behind; postnotum arcuately expanded medially,
as long medially as the metanotum. Fore wing with the marginal cell removed
from the wing tip by .55-.65 X its own length; SMC2 rhombiodal, as wide as
or slightly wider than high, narrowed only very slightly above; hind wing as
in female. SGP tapering evenly to a subacute or narrowly rounded apex, its
median line weakly elevated. Genitalia very much as described and figured
for the following species, scrupulum, the basal hooklets replaced by simple
flaps as in that species (fig. 32); the only important differences seem to be that
the parapenial lobes of sericeifrons are thicker and the mesal margin of the
digiti more setose.

Distribution. — This species ranges throughout northern South
America and much of tropical Central America, from Brazil and
Ecuador to Trinidad and to southern Mexico. (Map 27.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 30 2 °,
8 66. PANAMA: | 2, Volcan de Chiriqui, 2-3000 feet (GCC)
[BMNH]; 1 ¢, Bejuco R. (W. Schaus) [USNM]; 12 22,2 26,
Barro Colorado Isl., Canal Zone, Jan.-June (KWC, CWR) [USNM,
KU, MCZ]; 1 ¢, Ancon, 20 May 1931 (A. Brody) [CU]; 1 2,
Santa Rosa, Mch. 1931 (A. Brody) [CU]; 1 4, Changuinola Dist.
(F. Swift) [CU]; 2 2 2, Pearl Isl., San José, 22 June 1944 (Mor-

HOWARD E. EVANS 157

rison) [USNM]. Costa Rica: 5 @ 2,3 é 6, Turrialba, June-Aug.
(KWC, CCP) [USNM, MCZ]; 1 2, Cairo, 19 Apr. 1944 (F.
Schrader) [USNM]; 1 ¢, La Fortuna, Alajuela Prov., 18 Feb. 1964
(HEE) [MCZ]. GuaTEMALA: 1 ¢, Olas de Moka, Dept. Solola,
3000 feet, Sept. (G. P. Englehardt) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Tamahu, 3500
feet, 10 July 1947 (C. & P. Vaurie) [AMNH]; 2 2 2, Cayuga, May
1915 (W. Schaus) [USNM]. British HonpuraAs: 1 ¢, Nr. Hum-
mingbird Gap, Stann Creek Dist., 8-11 July 1963 (CCP) [MCZ].
Mexico: 1 ¢ (no further data) [USNM]; VERACRUZ: 1 ?, Medellin
(H. T. Heyde) [USNM]; CAmpecnHeE: 1 ¢, Candelaria, Jan. 1945
(M. Guerra) [AMNH].

Priochilus scrupulum (Fox)

Pompilus scrupulus Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 49: 252 [Type:
9, BRAziL: Santarem (CM) ].

Priochilus scrupulus Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 105 (Br. Guiana).

Priochilus (Foximia) clarus Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venez., 4: 98-99 [Type:
$,.CoLomBIA: Muzo, Dept. Boyaca, 20-30 June 1936 (JB) (MCZ,
no. 26, 701)].— Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 519.
New synonym.

Priochilus (Foximia) scrupulus Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 511,
518 (Brazil, Br. Guiana, Bolivia).

This species is very close to the preceding and to the following
species. The male, described as clarus by Banks, differs from the
male splendidulum in having the SGP abruptly truncate or slightly
emarginate, the basal hooklets of the genitalia absent, and the first
intercubital vein of the fore wing less strongly slanted.

Female. — Length 9-12 mm. Black; pubescence very fine, silvery on the
front, scape, much of the prothorax, coxae and parts of the femora and tibiae,
mesopleura, lower metapleura, sides of metanotum, posterior slope of pro-
podeum, abdominal venter, and more or less distinct banding on the abdominal
dorsum. Fore wing strongly banded, as described for the preceding species,
median and submedian cells (except apically) hyaline or nearly so, the wing
membrane between the two major bands weakly to moderately tinged with
luteous. Clypeus, front, and thoracic dorsum with a very few strong setae,
the body otherwise largely devoid of erect setae except for the usual ones on
the venter of the abdomen; apical tergite with rather dense bristles. Mandibles
with two small teeth along the inner margin. Clypeus 2.5-2.7 X as wide as
high, apical margin truncate and with a rather wide polished band. Head
about 1.2 X as wide as high; front narrow, MID .43-.46 X TFD; UID .82-.90

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

158 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

X MID, eyes diverging rather strongly on the lower half. Ocelli small, in a
compact triangle on the narrow vertex; POL:OOL about as 2:3, in some speci-
mens approaching 1:2. Antennae slender, third segment and those beyond
with elongate, rather ill-defined sensoria; third segment equal to 1.10-1.25 X
UID. Pronotum obtusely angulate behind; postnotum a transverse band slightly
shorter than the metanotum; propodeum with the median line strongly im-
pressed, the surface otherwise smooth, completely without evidence of trans-
verse rugae. Hind tibiae with two series of strong spines on the upper surface,
between which there is a series of short spines each of which arises at the lower
end of a low elevation; thus, when viewed from the correct angle, the tibiae
may be said to be very weakly serrate. Fore wing with the marginal cell re-
moved from the wing tip by .55-.65 X its own length; SMC2 rhomboidal, ap-
proximately as high as wide (sometimes slightly higher or not quite as high as
wide), narrowed only slightly above, the first and second intercubital veins be-
ing approximately parallel; anal vein of hind wing meeting media slightly before
the origin of the cubitus.

Male. — Length 6.5-9.0 mm. Black, the antennae beneath and the apical
parts of the legs tending to be brownish, the body maculated with whitish as
follows: entire clypeus except for a small dark spot in the middle; a spot on
each side of the face, opposite the antennal orbits; collar and posterior margin
cf pronotum; front coxae in front; basal spots on the middle and hind tibiae;
all the spurs; basal rings on the second and third abdominal segments; and a
large spot on the apical tergite. Wings hyaline, fore wing with a very small
infuscation at the basal and transverse median veins and a much stronger band
across the marginal and outer two submarginal cells, not reaching the posterior
wing margin. Pubescence silvery except dark on some parts of the dorsum;
body without erect hairs except for a few on the head and propleura. Head
about 1.22 X as wide as high. Clypeus 2.45 X as wide as high, broadly trun-
cate below. MID .50-.53 X TED, about 1.15-1.20 X LID; UID 1.10-1.18 X
LID. Ocelli not enlarged, in a compact triangle; POL:OOL about as 7:10.
Third antennal segment about 3.5 X as long as thick, slightly longer than fourth
segment. Pronotum broadly angulate behind; postnotum medially about as
long as the metanotum. WVenation as in female except SMC2 tending to be
smaller, often higher than wide, narrowed by .3-.5 above. SGP broad basally,
tapering apically but the extreme tip abruptly truncate (usually weakly emar-
ginate), sides of the plate near the base with a group of large punctures which
give rise to short, thick setae (fig. 72). Genitalia with the parameres slender;
basal hooklets absent, replaced by small flaps; digiti shaped much as in the
following species, with a lobe on the mesal margin, sparsely covered with
small setae; aedoeagus slender basally, expanded subapically, the tip narrowly
bilobed (fig. 32).

Distribution. — Brazil and Bolivia north to the Guianas and to
Panama. (Map 28.)

HOWARD E. EVANS 159

Central American specimens examined. —5 22,6 68. PAN-
AMA: 4 22, 6 6 6, Barro Colorado Isl., Feb., Apr., May, Aug.
(CWR) [KU, KSU, MCZ]; 1 ¢, Porto Bello, 21 Feb. 1911 (A.
Busck) [USNM].

Variation. — There is some variation in the degree to which the
wings of the female are tinged with yellowish; in the Barro Colorado
female the yellow is very weak, such that on superficial examination
these specimens differ but little from the following species. The
males are strikingly similar to those of splendidulum, but the differ-
ences pointed out in the keys appear to be constant.

Priochilus splendidulum splendidulum (Fabricius) new combination

Pompilus splendidulus Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piezatorum, p. 193 [Type: @,
“AMERICA MERIDIONALIS” (?Brit. Guiana) (Schmid) (Copenhagen
Mus. ) ].22

Pompilus fragilis Smith, 1864, Jour. Ent., 2: 267 [Type: 4, Brazi_: Ega
(BMNH, no. 19, 709)].— Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., VIII,
p. 289. — Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 49: 255 (Brazil).
New synonym.

Pompilus torolae Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 207 [Type:
6, GUATEMALA: Torola, 1000 feet (GCC) (BMNH, no. 19, 721)].
Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., VIII, p. 327. New synonym.

Episyron torolae Banks, 1931, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 26: 133.

Priochilus opacifrons Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 105 (Br. Guiana). — Banks,
1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 518 (Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador)
(not opacifrons Fox, from Jamaica, here considered subspecifically
distinct).

Priochilus hinei Dreisbach, 1950, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 45: 53-55 [Type:
2, GUATEMALA: Los Amates, 18 Febr. 1905 (J. S. Hine) (MCZ, no.
28, 385)]. New synonym.

This is the one of the more common and widely distributed mem-
bers of the genus, and it is possible that other names will fall in the
synonymy of splendidulum. 1 compared the types of fragilis and
torolae directly, and while the type of fragilis is somewhat less ex-
tensively maculated with white than that of torolae, there seem to be
no other differences. The genitalia of the type of fragilis are missing,
but those of other Brazilian males do not differ noticeably from those

12] have not seen this type, but Dr. J. van der Vecht of Leiden, Netherlands,
has kindly placed at my disposal some notes which he made regarding it. These
notes leave little doubt that this is the species concerned.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

160 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

of the type of torolae. Priochilus splendidulum opacifrons (Fox)
(new status) is confined to Jamaica; the female averages smaller and
has somewhat duller wings and a dull body which is not at all pat-
terned with silvery pubescence.

Female. — Length 8-11 mm. Black; pubescence very fine, mostly brown-
ish-fuscous to dark cinereous, except conspicuously silvery on the front, pro-
pleura, more or less of the coxae and lower pleura, usually the posterior part
of the propodeum, and at least some evidence of banding on the abdomen.
Fore wings with a broad, complete fuscous band over the basal and transverse
median veins, a second broad band over the marginal and second and third
SMCs, tending to fade out toward the hind wing margin, and a weak, narrow
infuscation along the outer margin; where not banded the wing membrane
tends to have a faint tinge of brownish by transmitted light, less evident in the
area beyond SMC3; hind wing subhyaline, weakly infuscated apically. Cly-
peus and front with a few setae; temples, propleura, front coxae, and pro-
podeum virtually devoid of setae; venter with some strong setae toward the
apex, the apical tergite densely bristly. Mandibles with two small teeth along
the inner margin. Clypeus 2.3-2.5 X as wide as high, its apical margin trun-
cate, the margin polished, the polished area slightly widened medially. Head
about 1.2 X as wide as high; front very narrow, MID .41-.49 X TFD; UID
.80-.85 XK MID, orbits diverging rather strongly below MID. Ocellar triangle
compact, front angle less than a right angle; POL:OOL about as 3:5; ocelli
rather small. Third antennal segment equal to from 1.1 to 1.3 X UID; ver-
tex passing straight across between eye tops. Postnotum impressed medially
and extending angularly backward on the midline. Propodeum smooth, with-
out rugae. Hind tibiae with a series of small but clearly defined serrations on
the upper surface, each serration terminating below in a small spine. Fore
wing with the marginal cell long, removed from the wing tip by about .6 its
own length; SMC2 not nearly as wide as the third, narrowed above by .5 to .8
of its width below by virtue of the fact that the first intercubital vein is strongly
oblique, nearly straight; second submarginal cell not much if any wider than
high; hind wing with the anal vein reaching median slightly before the origin
of cubitus (fig. 11).

Description of type male of torolae. — Length 7 mm.; fore wing 6.5 mm.
Black, except marked with white as follows: a pair of diagonal marks on the
clypeus; posterior margin of pronotum; tibial spurs; a white spot on the outer
side of the middle and hind tibiae near the base; broad basal bands on T2 & 3;
and a spot on the apical tergite. Wings subhyaline, fore wing with an indis-
tinct band at the basal vein and a more distinct band at and below the mar-
ginal cell; apex also weakly infuscated. Pubescence silvery over most of the
body, conspicuously so on the pleura, coxae, and propodeum. Propodeum not
hairy. Head about 1.2 X as wide as high. Clypeus 2.14 X as wide as high,
truncate below. MID .54 X TED, 1.25 X LID; UID 1.2 X LID; ocelli small,
ocellar triangle compact, as in female, POL:00L=3:5. Third antennal seg-

HOWARD E. EVANS 161

ment 3.5 X as long as thick, equal to slightly over half UID, slightly longer
than fourth segment. Vertex elevated in an even arc above the eye tops. Pro-
notum short, subangulate; postnotum produced backward medially, on the mid-
line as long as the metanotum; propodeum with the slope low and even. Longer
spur of hind tibia .65 X as long as basitarsus. Fore wing with the marginal
cell .7 X its own length from the wing tip; SMC2 about as wide as high, nar-
rowed by half above; SMC3 1.7 X as wide as high, narrowed by .4 above. SGP
narrow, convex medially, covered with suberect setae and with the margin beset
with strong spines (fig. 71). Genitalia with slender parameres possessing an
oblique series of setae about midway and some fairly strong apical setae; digiti
subacute apically, with a rounded lobe on the inner margin, the setae small
except for a few larger ones on the lobe; aedoeagus angularly produced on the
sides toward the apex, the tip narrowly bilobed (fig. 31).

Distribution. — This species occurs throughout much of Brazil,
west to Peru, north in the Lesser Antilles to St. Vincent and Dominica
and in Central America to Guatemala. The Jamaica population
(splendidulum opacifrons) doubtless reached there from Central
America. (Map 29.)

Central American specimens examined. —12 22, 14 44.
PANAMA: 3 2 2,4 é 4, Barro Colorado Isl., Jan.-Apr., Aug. (KWC,
CWR) [USNM, MCZ, KU]; 2 ¢ 4, Mojinge Swamp, Ft. Sherman,
Canal Zone, 15 Aug. 1951 (F. S. Blanton) [USNM]. Costa RIcA:
3 29,4 6 8, Turrialba, June-Aug. (KWC, CCP) [USNM, MCZ];
2 22,3 648, La Fortuna, Alajuela Prov., 18 Feb. 1964 (HEE)
[MCZ]; 1 2, 12 mi. SW Canas, Guanacaste Prov., 27 Feb. 1964
(HEE) [MCZ]; 2 ¢° ¢, 2 mi. NE Corredor, 20 Aug. 1957 (AM)
[LACM]. GUATEMALA: 1 ¢, Torola, 1000 feet (GCC) [BMNH];
1 ¢, Los Amates, 18 Febr. 1905 (J. S. Hine) [MCZ].

Variation. — The females from throughout the range show little
variation other than slight differences in pattern of the wings and the
body pubescence. The males range in size from 6 to 8.5 mm. and
vary slightly in the same two factors, as well as more conspicuously
in the pattern of whitish maculations. The majority of South Ameri-
can males have the white band on the pronotum absent or much re-
duced, while in all those from Central America it is well developed;
there may be corresponding reductions in the markings on the abdo-
men and on the tibiae, although these maculations are never lost en-
tirely. In one of the Barro Colorado males and the two from Fort
Sherman (also one male from San Estaban, Venezuela) the clypeus

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

162 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Map 29

@® Priochilus s. splendidulum (Fabricius)
A Priochilus veraepacis (Cameron)
(both spp. widely distr. in S. America)

is wholly white except for a median streak and the front coxae are
whitish in front; these specimens thus bear much resemblance to the
male scrupulum (= clarus Banks), but they lack the white markings
on the face and have terminalia typical of splendidulum. Otherwise,
the males I have seen from both Central and South America lack
white on the coxae and have only small white spots on the clypeus.
There seems to be considerable variation in the shape and distribution
of setae on the digiti of the genitalia, and it is conceivable that I may
be grouping more than one species under the name splendidulum.

Priochilus admirationis admirationis (Cameron)

Pompilus admirationis Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 202
[Type: 2, PANAMA: Volcan de Chiriqui, 2-3000 feet (GCC) (BMNH,
no. 19, 713)].— Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., VIII, p. 270.
Priochilus admirationis Dreisbach, 1950, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 45: 55.
Priochilus amabilis Dreisbach, 1950, ibid., p. 55 (Honduras).

This form differs but slightly (chiefly in the darker and less evi-
dently banded wings) from admirationis amabile Banks (new status),
described from Ecuador. The type of admirationis is in excellent
condition and has both the middle and hind legs rufous basally, al-

HOWARD E. EVANS 163

though this is not clear from Cameron’s description and Dreisbach
assumed that only the hind legs were partly rufous. The male of
typical admirationis is not known, but that of subspecies amabile is
known from a topotypic paratype. This specimen has the legs colored
as in the female except that the front femora are also rufous; the basal
two segments of the abdomen are also largely rufo-castaneous; the
subgenital plate is acutely pointed apically, the genitalia characterized
by a small angular lobe midway on the parameres and by having the
basal hooklets double. The male of admirationis admirationis should
be easily recognized when discovered.

Description of type female. — Length 17 mm.; fore wing 14 mm. Black,
except middle and hind coxae, trochanters, and femora bright rufo-castaneous;
tody pubescence wholly dark, obscurely violaceous; wings fuscous, slightly vio-
laceous, fore wing somewhat darker in a band over the basal vein and a sec-
ond obscure band in and below the marginal cell. A few erect hairs present
on the clypeus, front, propleura, and front coxae; propodeum without setae;
abdomen strongly setose ventrally and on the apical three tergites, the setae
on the last tergite especially dense and bristly. Mandibles with two rather
large teeth along the inner margin. Clypeus 2.1 X as wide as high, its apical
margin subtruncate except for a weak median notch, the apical border broadly
smooth and polished. Head 1.2 X as wide as high; front very narrow, MID
50 X TED, .75 X eye height; UID about .8 X MID; eyes diverging rather
strongly on the lower fourth. Ocelli rather large, in a compact triangle; POL:
OOL=10:13. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 15:5:28:20,
segment three equal to 1.5 X UID. Pronotum short, broadly angulate behind;
postnotum slightly shorter than the metanotum; propodeum without rugae, with
an impressed median line. Front tibiae with a number of spines and bristles
above, toward the apex; hind tibiae with a weak carina above running for its
entire length, somewhat irregular in profile and subserrate toward the base, but
without small spines associated with carina. Fore wing with the marginal cell
very long, separated from the wing tip by only about half its own length; SMC2
much wider than high, only slightly narrowed above; SMC3 very large, much
wider below than the second; transverse median vein reaching media slightly
beyond the origin of the basal vein; hind wing with the anal vein reaching
media well before the origin of the cubital vein.

Male. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Panama to Honduras. (Map 30.)

Specimens examined. — 4 ° 2. PANAMA: 1 2, Volcan de Chiri-
qui, 2-3000 feet (GCC) [type, BMNH]. Costa Rica: 2 2 2°,
Ochomogo, 24 June 1936 (A. Alfaro) [MCZ]; 1 2, La Trinidad
[CU]. Honpuras: 1 2 [recorded by Dreisbach, 1950, without spe-
cific locality data].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

164 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Map 30

@ Priochilus g. gloriosum (Cresson)

(also recorded from Venezuela)
A Priochilus formosum hondurense Dreisbach
O Priochilus a. admirationis (Cameron)

Variation. — The three Costa Rica females are considerably
larger than the type (18-20 mm.; fore wing 17-19 mm.). The third
antennal segment is 1.65-1.70 X UID, POL and OOL subequal in
all three specimens. The middle and hind legs of the Ochomogo
specimens tend to be rather pale, almost yellow, but this may be a
result of the fact that these specimens were mounted from alcohol.
Otherwise these specimens resemble the type very closely.

Priochilus formosum hondurense Dreisbach

Priochilus formosus var. hondurensis Dreisbach, 1950, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc.,
45: 51-53 [Type: 2, Honpuras: Lancitilla, 31 Oct. 1932 (Stadel-
mann) (MCZ, no. 28, 391)].

This form differs from the South American formosum formosum
Banks in the same manner in which admirationis admirationis differs
from admirationis amabile, namely, in having the wings more heavily
infuscated and the banding somewhat obscured. Typical formosum
is known from Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, and British Guiana. Both sub-
species are known from females only.

Female. — Length 13-17.5 mm. Head, thorax, and appendages wholly

HOWARD E. EVANS 165

black, abdomen wholly bright rufo-castaneous except for the extreme base of
the first segment, fore wings wholly infuscated, somewhat darker in a band
across the basal and transverse median veins and in a second band at and be-
low the marginal cell; hind wings lightly infuscated, dark at the apex. Pubes-
cence very fine, dark over the head and thorax and pale on the abdomen; cly-
peus, front, vertex, and thoracic dorsum each with a few strong setae; pro-
pleura with fine setae; front coxae sparsely setose in front and behind; pro-
podeum sometimes with a small amount of fine, inconspicuous hair; abdomen
with strong, golden-brown setae ventrally and on the apical three tergites, those
on the apical tergite dense and bristly. Mandibles with two teeth on the in-
ner margin. Clypeus 2.0-2.2 X as wide as high, truncate, with a polished band
along the margin. Head 1.24 X as wide as high; front narrow, MID .43-.46
X TFD; UID about .8 X MID. Eyes very prominent; ocelli somewhat en-
larged, in a compact triangle, POL subequal to or slightly exceeding OOL.
Antennae very elongate, segment three equal to 1.45-1.60 X UID. Pronotum
short, very broadly angulate behind; postnotum finely striate, nearly as long as
the metanotum; propodeum smooth except for a median impression. Hind
tibiae with several rows of spines, also with a fairly strong, complete carina
which is slightly serrate in profile, more strongly so toward the base, the ser-
rations not bearing spines except the apical one to three with small spines.
Fore wing with the marginal cell removed from the wing tip by about half its
own length; SMC2 narrowed above by about .25-.35 X its width at the bottom;
hind wing with the anal vein reaching media well before the origin of the
cubitus.

Male. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Costa Rica to Honduras. (Map 30.)

Specimens examined. — 4 2 2. CosTA Rica: 2 2 2, Turrialba,
June, July (HAS, KWC) [OSU, USNM]; 1 ¢, Pejivalle, about 2000
feet, 13 Aug. 1927 (Rehn) [ANSP]. Honpuras: 1 2, Lancitilla
[type, MCZ].

Priochilus fustiferum new species

Holotype. — 38, PANAMA: Mojinga Swamp, Ft. Sherman, Canal
Zone, 17 June 1952 (at light, D. & E. Thurman) [USNM].

This species bears a strong superficial resemblance to gloriosum,
but the genitalia are quite different, the third antennal segment much
shorter, the ocelli larger, and the postnotum of different form. It is
presently known from the male sex only.

Description of type male. — Length 12.5 mm.; fore wing 11 mm. Black,
except apical abdominal tergite with a white spot; wings hyaline, except fore

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

166 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

wing crossed by two broad, fuscous bands, one at the basal vein, the other
filling most of the marginal cell and all of SMC2 and 3, barely reaching the
lower wing margin. Pubescence silvery over much of the head and thorax,
especially conspicuous on the clypeus, front, pleura, coxae and propodeum;
abdomen silvery-pubescent except for inconspicuous apical dark bands on T2-4.
Body largely without erect hairs except for a few on the front, vertex, and
propleura. Mandibles tridentate. Clypeus 1.9 X as wide as high, broadly
truncate apically. Head 1.28 X as wide as high; front narrow, MID .49 XK
TFD; UID .96 X LID. Ocelli large, front and hind ocelli separated by much
less than the diameter of an ocellus, lateral ocelli removed from eye margin
by only 1.5 X their own diameters; POL:OOL about as 4:5. First four an-
tennal segments in a ratio of about 23:7:37:38, segment three about 3.5 XK as
long as thick, equal to .92 X UID. Pronotum broadly subangulate behind;
postnotum a transverse band two-thirds as wide as metanotum, not extended
backward medially. Propodeum with the median line weakly impressed, the
slope very low and even, with no evidence of rugae. Middle and hind tibiae
with abundant strong spines; longer spur of hind tibia half the length of the
basitarsus; claws of both middle and hind tarsi both nearly simple, with only
a weak basal swelling on the long outer ray. Fore wing with the stigma very
long, the marginal cell long, removed from the wing tip by only half its own
length; SMC2 and 3 both wide, SMC2 1.55 X as wide as high, narrowed by
3 above; SMC3 1.5 X as wide as SMC2, 1.8 X as wide as its maximum height,
narrowed by slightly less than half above. First abdominal segment slender.
SGP tapering to a narrowly rounded apex, its median line strongly elevated
(much as figured for splendidulum, but slightly wider). Genitalia with the
parameres slender, strongly setose; digiti mostly covered with strongly clubbed
setae; basal hooklets strongly doubled; aedoeagus terminating in two slender
lotes (fig. 33).

Distribution. — Venezuela to Costa Rica. (Map 31.)

Paratypes. — VENEZUELA: 1 é, San Estaban, Falcon, Dec. 1939
(P. J. Anduze) [CU]; Costa Rica: 3 ¢ 4, Turrialba, Aug. 1963
(CCP) [MCZ].

Variation. — In the paratypes LFW varies from 10 to 12 mm.
There are no important differences from the type in structure, and the
ratios expressed for the type apply equally well to the paratypes. The
Turrialba specimens have the apical band on the fore wing very
strong, filling nearly all of the marginal cell and broadly reaching the
posterior wing margin, although less intense behind.

Priochilus gloriosum gloriosum (Cresson)

Pompilus gloriosus Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 12: 368 [Type:

HOWARD E. EVANS 167

: 1 os
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Sou Peaa ariel GINS Q =
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@ Priochilus coptivum (Fabricius)
(widely distr. in S. America) p y /

A Priochilus fustiferum Evans S 2 )
(also recorded from Venezuela) = \ sk

O Sericopompilus angustatus (Cresson) : Bae
(widely distr. in US)

2, MEXICO: VERACRUZ: Orizaba (Sumichrast) (ANSP, no. 558) ]. —
Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 201 (Guatemala,
Panama).— Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., VIII, p. 292.
Priochilus gloriosus Bradley, 1944, Notulae Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., no.
145, p. 6.
Priochilus nobilis Dreisbach, 1950, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 45: 56-57 (mis-
identification, not nobilis Fabricius).

Although Dreisbach (1950) indicated that gloriosum lacks rugae
on the propodeum and nobilis (1.e., multifasciatum, nobilis being pre-
occupied) possesses them, actually the reverse is true. The two forms
are indistinguishable except in this one character, but since this
feature is used for separating species elsewhere in the genus, it seems
desirable to grant multifasciatum subspecific status. Actually very
indistinct rugae can be detected on the propodeum of some female
multifasciatum from Brazil and Peru; the Venezuela females I have
seen have very distinct rugae and are thus assignable to gloriosum
gloriosum. The male of gloriosum also possesses weak rugae on the
propodeum and is thus distinguishable from that of multifasciatum.

Female. — Length 14-19 mm. Entirely black, richly ornamented with
glistening silvery pubescence, especially prominent on the head, coxae, lower
mesopleura and upper metapleura, pronotum in front, on the sides, and be-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

168 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

hind, posterior part of mesoscutum, sides of metanotum, propodeum at base
and on the posterior slope, strong basal bands or paired spots on T1-3, also
most of the venter and the apical tergites. Fore wings strongly twice-banded,
also narrowly and weakly infuscated along the outer margin, clear hyaline be-
tween the bands; hind wings with a weak band in the middle as well as a
banded tip. Head and thorax moderately hairy, the temples, prothorax, front
coxae, and propodeum with abundant white hair; abdominal venter and apical
tergites with strong, dark setae, the apical tergite with a dense covering of
short bristles underlying the sparse, long setae. Mandibles fairly broad api-
cally, the three strong teeth in an oblique apical series. Clypeus large and of
unusual shape, 1.8-2.0 X as broad as high, its apical margin extended rectangu-
larly forward, the extension truncate or weakly rounded, polished and devoid
of setulae. Head 1.22 X as wide as high; front narrow, MID .44-.50 X TFD,
eyes less convergent at the top than is usual in this genus, UID .85-.90 X MID;
front rather sunken below the level of the large eyes. Ocelli not enlarged, in
about a right triangle, POL:OOL about as 2:3 or 3:4. Third antennal seg-
ment equal to from 1.3 to 1.5 X UID. Pronotum subarcuate behind, slightly
depressed medially; postnotum rather short but extended angularly backward
medially; propodeum weakly impressed medially and with some distinct, ir-
regular transverse rugae on its middle portion. Legs generally slightly less
strongly spinose than in the preceding several species; hind tibiae with several
rows of rather short spines, not serrate or carinate except very obscurely so.
Fore wing with the stigma somewhat smaller than in the preceding several
species, only very slightly longer than the height of the marginal cell, the latter
Icng and removed from the wing tip by about half its own length; SMC2
wider than high, only slightly if at all narrowed above; hind wing with the
anal vein approximately interstitial with the cubitus.

Male. — Length 13 mm, Coloration of body, wings, and pubescence
essentially as in the female, except the apical abdominal tergite also in large
part whitish; propodeum with fairly abundant whitish hairs; abdomen with
rather abundant short, whitish hairs toward the apex in addition to the silvery
pubescence. Mandibles strongly tridentate. Clypeus simple, the apex trun-
cate, measuring about twice as wide as high. Head about 1.25 X as wide as
high; MID .47 X TFD; UID .93 X LID; POL:OOL=5:7. First four an-
tennal segments in a ratio of about 15:5:30:21, segment three nearly 7 X as
long as its maximum width, equal to 1.25 XK UID. Pronotum subarcuate be-
hind; postnotum extended angularly backward medially; propodeal slope very
low, the surface with some weak transverse rugae toward the middle. Hind
tarsal claws with only a weak basal swelling; middle tarsal claws with a slightly
stronger basal swelling, subdentate. Venation essentially as in female. SGP
much as figured for splendidulum (fig. 31), but the apex slightly more broadly
rounded, the disc strongly, roundly elevated; surface with short, white hairs
except some longer and darker hairs apically. Genitalia with the parameres
rodlike, bristly, in lateral view fairly broad, oblique subtruncate apically; basal

HOWARD E. EVANS 169

hooklets double; aedoeagus with a pair of long, slender apical processes (fig.
34).

Distribution. — Venezuela to southern Mexico. Dreisbach’s
record of nobilis from “Rio Punte in the Antilles” is actually based
on a specimen of gloriosum gloriosum in the MCZ from Rio Puente,
Panama. P. gloriosum multifasciatum Taschenberg, 1869, of which
cosmopteryx Cameron is a synonym, ranges from Trinidad, Para, and
Matto Grosso to Bolivia and Peru. (Map 30.)

Specimens examined. — 20 22,2 64. WENEZUELA: 2 2° 2,
San Estaban, Falcon, Dec.-Jan. (P. J. Anduze) [CU, MCZ]; 1 9°,
Los Canales, Naiguata, D. F., Sept. (Vivas-Bethier) [CU]. PANAMa:
2 2 2, Bugaba, 800-1000 feet (GCC) [BMNH]; 1 2, Rio Puente,
Colon Prov., 1940 (G. Fairchild) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Las Cumbres, Pan-
ama Prov., Dec. 1962 (G. Fairchild) [MCZ]; 1 2,1 ¢, Trinidad
Rio, 20 Mch. 1912 (A. Busck) [USNM]; 1 2, Gatun, Canal Zone
(A. H. Jennings) [USNM]; 1 2, Porto Bello, 18 Apr. 1912 [USNM];
1 2,1 ¢, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Mch., Apr. [USNM];
1 °, France Field, June [CU]. GUATEMALA: 1 2, Chiacaman, Vera
Paz (GCC) [BMNH]; 2 2 2, Santa Lucia, 2 Feb. 1905 (J. S. Hine)
[Ohio State Univ.]. Mexico: VERACRUZ: 1 @, Orizaba [type,
ANSP]; 1 2, Teocelo [USNM]; 1 ¢, Presidio [CU]; 2 ¢ 2, Atoyac,
May (HHS) [BMNH].

Variation. — The specimen from Las Cumbres, Panama, has
very weak rugae on the propodeum.

Priochilus veraepacis (Cameron) new combination

Pompilus veraepacis Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen, II, p. 200,
pl. 11, figs. 21 & 21a [Type: ¢, PANAMA: Volcan de Chiriqui, below
4000 feet (GCC) (BMNH, no. 19, 723)]. — Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat.
Hymen., VIII, p. 332. s

Priochilus superbus Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 105 [Type: 92, BriTIsH
GuIANA: Kamakusa, Sept. 1922 (H. Lang) (MCZ, no. 26, 185)].
— Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 513. New synonym.

Priochilus regius Dreisbach, 1950, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 45: 57, 59 (Pana-
ma) (misidentification, not regius Fabricius).

This species is very closely related to regius Fabricius, even the
male terminalia being virtually identical. However, the characters
presented by Banks (1946) seem to me to provide a valid means of

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

170 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

separation; the shape of SMC2 and of the mesopleura will work for
both sexes. Cameron named this species for the district of Vera Paz,
in Guatemala, and perhaps his female, from that locality, should be
regarded as the type rather than the male from Panama. In any
case the two appear to me conspecific.

Female. — Length 12-21 mm. (most specimens 14-17 mm.). Body and
appendages black; fore wing wholly infuscated, occasionally obscurely twice-
banded, strongly violaceous; hind wing typically strongly infuscated apically
and along the anterior margin, clear hyaline basally and posteriorly (extent
of the hyaline part very variable). Pubescence dense and brilliantly silvery
on the following parts: head except vertex; pronotum, coxae, and lower pleura
in considerable part; metanotum on the sides; and practically the entire pro-
podeum; femora and tibiae with somewhat finer silvery pubescence, also the
abdomen (except T2 and 3, sometimes 1, with dark pubescence apically).
Head and thorax with a considerable amount of white, erect hair, the pro-
podeum wholly covered with white hair; scutellar disc with a few dark setae;
abdomen with dark setae ventrally and apically, those on the apical tergite
quite dense and most of them appressed, directed backward. Mandibles with
one large tooth in addition to the apical tooth. Clypeus about 2.4 X as wide
as high, its apical margin weakly, evenly concave. Head about 1.25 XK as wide
as high; front narrow, MID .45-.50 K TED; eyes slightly convergent at the
top, UID .85-.90 X MID, divergent below the middle. Ocelli small, in a com-
pact triangle, POL:OOL about as 2:3. Third antennal segment equal to from
1.15 to 1.30 X UID. Pronotum arcuate or weakly subangulate behind; post-
notum a transverse band not nearly as wide as the metanotum; propodeum
sloping roundly, without transverse rugae or a well impressed median line.
Mesopleura with a cone-shaped process directly in front of the middle coxa.
Hind tibiae with several rows of relatively short spines, also with a strong,
complete carina which is without spines but rather strongly undulate in pro-
file, toward the base rather distinctly serrate. Fore wing with the marginal
cell very long, removed from the wing tip by only about half its own length;
stigma small, not longer than the height of the marginal cell; SMC2 large,
more than 1.5 X as wide as high, narrowed by only about .2 above.

Male. — Length 13-15 mm. Coloration of body and wings as described
for female; pubescence also essentially the same as in that sex, the propodeum
wholly and very conspicuously covered with silvery pubescence; head, pro-
thorax, and propodeum with a considerable amount of fine, white hair. Man-
dibles slender, with a single small tooth along the inner margin in addition to
the apical tooth. Clypeus 2.1 XK as wide as high, its apical margin weakly
concave. Head 1.26 X as wide as high; MID .48-.50 X TFD; UID about .9
X LID; OOL considerably exceeding POL. Third antennal segment somewhat
longer than fourth segment, about 4.5 X as long as thick. Pronotum short,
subangulate behind; postnotum about two thirds as long as the metanotum;

HOWARD E. EVANS 7/1

propodeum with the slope very low, the median line not impressed. Meso-
pleura produced as a cone in front of the middle coxae. Middle and hind
tarsal claws with only a small basal swelling. Venation as in female, the
SMC2 tending to be smaller, about 1.5 X as wide as high. SGP tapering to
a narrowly rounded apex, roundly elevated medially, at the base on each side
somewhat angularly produced (the plate much as figured for the following
species, captivum). Genitalia closely resembling those of captivum, but the
basal hooklets distinctly double, the apical processes of the aedoeagus shaped
somewhat like bird’s heads, the “beaks” sharply pointed.13

Distribution. — Brazil and Bolivia to the Guianas and to Costa
Rica, with one record from Guatemala. (Map 29.)

Central American specimens examined. —3 2? 2,1 6. PANAMA:
1 38, Volcan de Chiriqui [type, BMNH]; 1 2, Barro Colorado Isl.,
26 July 1956 (CWR). [KU]; also recorded by Dreisbach, 1950, from
Progreso, Chiriqui Prov. (2, under the name regius). CosTA RICA:
1 2, Piedras Negras (Schild & Burgdorf) [USNM]. GUATEMALA:
1 2, Cubilquitz, Vera Paz (GCC) [BMNH].

Priochilus captivum (Fabricius) new combination.

Pompilus captivus Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piezatorum, p. 199 [Type: @
“AMERICA MERIDIONALIS” (?Brit. Guiana) (Copenhagen Mus.) ].14
— Jurine, 1807, Nouv. Méth. Class. Hymen., p. 122.

Agenia captiva Dahlbom, 1843, Hymen. Eur. I, p. 456.

Pseudagenia captiva Kohl, 1884, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 34: 42. — Dalla
Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., 8: 199.

Pompilus vitabilis Smith, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4)11: 444 [Type: @,
BraziL: Para (BMNH, no. 19, 711)].— Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat.
Hymen., VIII, p. 335. New synonym.

Pompilus rhomboideus Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 49: 250-251
[Type: 2, Brazm: Santarem, Febr. (CM)]. New synonym.

Pompilus demerarensis Cameron, 1912, Jour. R. Agri. Soc. Demerara, 2: 421
[Type: 2, BritisH GUIANA: Demerara (BMNH, no. 19, 698)].
New synonym.

Priochilus rhomboideus Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 105. — Banks, 1946, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 514. — Dreisbach, 1950, Bull. Brooklyn Ent.
Soc., 45: 58.

13 Description of male drawn from the type and a male from Belem, Brazil, the
only two males I have seen; the genitalia of the type were not studied, and this part
of the description is therefore based entirely on the Belem specimen.

14] have not seen this type. Dr. J. van der Vecht has studied it and found it
to be a Priochilus. There seems little question that it is conspecific with the species
usually called rhomboideus Fox.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOCc., 20

172 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Acanthagenia excisa Haupt, 1959, Nova Acta Leopoldina, v. 21, no. 141, p.
65 [Type: 2°, SuRINAM (C. Bollow) (Univ. Halle, Germany; not
seen by writer)]. New synonym.

Female. — Length 7-11 mm. Entirely black; pubescence with moderately
strong bluish reflections, generally silvery on the head (except the vertex),
occasionally also on the coxae, lower pleura, and the abdomen; wings wholly
infuscated, with or without evidence of darker banding, strongly violaceous.
Head, prothorax, and propodeum with rather abundant dark hair; front coxae
hairy, the other coxae usually weakly so; abdomen setose ventrally and api-
cally, the apical tergite with sparse long setae and dense, recumbent spines
which are directed caudad. Mandibles rather slender, with a single rather
strong tooth in addition to the apical tooth. Clypeus about 2.3-2.5 X as wide
as its median height, the margin rather strongly arcuate excised medially.
Head very wide, TFD about 1.3 X VED; front not strongly depressed below
the level of the eyes. Inner orbits subparallel, UID subequal to LID, .85-.90
X MID; MID .47-.52 X TFD. Ocelli small, in a compact triangle, POL:OOL
about as 2:3. Third antennal segment equal to from .90-1.10 X UID. Pro-
notum very broadly angulate behind; postnotum a transverse band somewhat
shorter than the metanotum; propodeum with a high, rounded slope, without
rugae or a well-defined median groove. Tibiae moderately spinose; hind tibiae
with several rows of spines and also with a nearly complete carina on the outer
side, the carina at most weakly sinuate in profile, bearing some very small
spines at least toward the apex. Fore wing with the stigma about as long as
the marginal cell is high; marginal cell removed from wing tip by .6-.8 its own
length; SMC2 slightly wider than high, narrowed by usually about .2 above;
hind wing with the anal vein interstitial with the cubitus or nearly so.

Male. — Length 7-10 mm. Coloration as in female; wings infuscated as
in that sex, sometimes with banding faintly indicated; erect hairs as in the
female except abdomen without long hairs. Head about 1.3 X as wide as high;
clypeus 2.3-2.5 XK as wide as high; front narrow, MID .48-.55 X TFD; inner
orbits subparallel. Ocelli not enlarged, in a compact triangle; POL:OOL about
as 7:11. Third antennal segment between 3 and 4 X as long as thick, sub-
equal to or slightly longer than fourth segment. Pronotum broadly subangu-
late behind; slope of propodeum much lower than in female; tarsal claws as in
the preceding species. WVenation as in female except SMC2 often only slightly
if at all wider than high. SGP tapering to a narrowly rounded apex, the sides
at the extreme base angularly produced (fig. 73). Genitalia with the para-
meres unusually thick, excised on the dorsal side subapically, the apex strongly
setose; basal hooklets with a broad edge but only one hook-like projection;
aedoeagus terminating in a pair of slender lobes which are directed laterad
(fig. 35).

Distribution. — Bolivia and Brazil to Trinidad and to southern
Costa Rica. Dreisbach reports this species from “Flamenco, an island

HOWARD E. EVANS 173

in the Antilles”, but the specimens referred to are clearly marked
C. Z. (1.e., Canal Zone, Flamenco Island being just off Balboa).
(Map 31.)

Central American specimens examined. —22 22, 4 86.
PANAMA: | ¢, Canal Zone (R. H. Arnett) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Pr. Arraijan,
June 1953 (F. S. Blanton) [USNM]; 1 2, Barro Colorado Isl., 28
Dec. 1948 (KWC) [USNM]; 2 2? ¢, Flamenco Isl., 15 Sept. 1924
(J. Zetek) [MCZ]; 14 29 2,1 6, Taboga I., Febr. 1912 (A. Busck)
[USNM]; 1 ¢, Corozal, Mch. 1912 (A. Busck) [USNM]. Costa
Rica: 1 2, Golfito, 28 July 1957 (AM) [LACM]; 2 °¢ 2, Coto,
June, Aug. (AM, J. O. Harrison) [LACM, Coll. Harrison]; 1 ¢,
5 mi. SW Santa Clara de San Carlos, Alajuela Prov., 19 Feb. 1964,
about 400 ft. elev. (HEE) [MCZ]: 1 ¢, Turrialba, 22 July 1963
(HAS) [OSU].

Genus BALBOANA Banks

Balboa Banks, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67: 336 [Type species: Prioc-
nemis barbouri Banks (=auripennis Fabr.), monobasic]. Preoc-
cupied by Distant, 1893.

Balboana Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 102, 103-104 (new name for Balboa,
preoccupied). — Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 506-510
(South American spp.).— Pate, 1946, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 72:
Ue

Generic characters. — Small to large wasps (5-23 mm.), the wings banded
in all known species. Mandibles slender and rather straight, crossing each
other, with a single tooth on the inner margin besides the apical tooth; labrum
well exserted, more or less semicircular, with or without an apical emargina-
tion; malar space absent; clypeus a transverse band not wider than lower front;
front narrow, with a median elevation just above the antennal sockets, this
elevation bearing a median linear streak; temples not strongly developed, vertex
not elevated much if any above eye tops; antennae of female slender basally,
but with the outer flagellar segments rather short and thick; antennae of male
with some of the flagellar segments produced beneath. Pronotum longer than
in Priochilus and with its disc slightly, angularly produced anteriorly, so that
the anterior face is at a strong angle with the disc (less distinct in male); post-
notum a transverse band of moderate width; propodeum rather elongate, in
the male with the slope low and even, in the female sloping but slightly in
front, on the posterior third with an oblique declivity, the surface rugose on
the upper part of the declivity. Legs weakly to rather strongly spinose, but
the tibiae with at least a few apical spines which are at least slightly splayed-
out; males with small spines on the outer part of the middle and hind femora;

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

174 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

hind tibiae of female not carinate or serrate; legs of male with bristling pu-
bescence, as in Priochilus; last segment of front tarsus simple; all claws of
both sexes bifid, the inner ray thicker than the outer; ultimate tarsal segments
not spined beneath. Fore wing with the marginal cell long, rather acute api-
cally; three SMCs present; basal vein arising very slightly basad of transverse
median vein; hind wing with the transverse median vein leaving the anal vein
at a slight angle, arching up to meet the median vein well before the origin of
cubitus (fig. 12). Abdomen of female fusiform-cylindrical, not especially
slender basally but more or less compressed apically; S2 without a transverse
groove. Abdomen of male slender basally and strongly compressed apically;
genitalia without basal hooklets, the aedoeagus small, exceeded by the straight,
rod-like parameres and parapenial lobes; digiti slender, strap-shaped (figs. 61,
62).

Distribution. — This genus is confined to the tropical parts of
America, ranging from southern Brazil and Bolivia north to Trinidad
and to Mexico.

Remarks. — Aside from the type, none of the species of this genus
are well known. In South America, the genus includes manifestata
Smith, from the Amazon, four species described by Banks (1944,
1946), and the type species, auripennis Fabricius, which also enters
Panama. There are four additional species in Central America.

Priochilus fraternus Banks, 1946, from Ecuador, is essentially
Balboana with slender antennae like Priochilus; it is here transferred
to Balboana (new combination). The two genera are obviously
closely related and in the final analysis may not be clearly separable.

Key to Species
Females

1. Wings strongly tinged with yellowish; labrum strongly exserted, truncate or
very shallowly emarginate apically; stigma shorter than below, roughly a
third as long as the marginal cell; hind tibiae with several rows of strong
SPUDES tssereelsscalicescnawcnad ease toe ecth cemevereeeeeeee nonce ena auripennis (Fabricius)

Wings not strongly tinged with yellowish; labrum partially exserted, with a
broadly V-shaped emargination; stigma large, nearly or quite half as long
as: marginal Cell) <o.c.cisssccesmenseceossensvesuw ss sse suucecestasadecus boss nesoste nessa uoesesancsemeenee wy)

2. Clypeus and basal parts of legs blackish; SMC2 and 3 not unusually small,
distance from third intercubital vein to tip of marginal cell slightly less
than the distance from that vein to the stigma; clypeus not nearly as
Wide as lOWer faces cresssssce ree aoe earn nees coer coon tee aneeene tarsalis (Camerecn)

Clypeus suffused with rufous; coxae, trochanters, and femora in iarge part

HOWARD E. EVANS 175

or wholly rufous; SMC2 and 3 unusually small, distance from third in-
tercubital vein to tip of marginal cell 1.1-1.5 X distance from that vein

to stigma

3. Fore wing with the anal cell hyaline except on the apical .4, the outer two-
thirds of the wing mostly fuscous except for three large whitish-hyaline

spots which incompletely divide it into four bands; antennae slender,
segment nine more than .6 as long as segment three; front narrow, MID

SAO NG MUD scr cee sckcecsssusbes stevens ceeapavcaaeancesiae sie er vatevicdcessensees pulchella n. sp.

Fore wing with the anal cell infuscated on the basal half as well as the
apical .4; fore wing otherwise with two strong fuscous bands and a nar-
rowly fuscous apical margin; antennae shorter and thicker apically, seg-
ment nine a third to a half as long as third segment; front broader, MID

FD SiS) aX” TNR D) ee ceecncosetedncnoctios secant stead eencnbocncde crac ococeconeneer ee rece Eee ere eertrees 4

4. Basal band of fore wing with an extension which fills the basal half of
SMC1; hind tibiae without spines on the upper surface except for one

or two minute ones; POL exceeding OOL about as 5:4 .... cameroni n. sp.
Basal band of fore wing barely entering SMC1; hind tibiae with a row of
five fairly strong spines above; POL and OOL subequal; pleura and pro-
podeum partially suffused with ferruginous .................. nayaritana n. sp.

Males

1. Wings strongly tinged with yellowish; stigma about a third as long as mar-
ginal cell; antennae strongly crenulate beyond segment four ....................
ocladcesace osiorcaHode HOG Rba tac sacch oar Son cocoa CE RE DEES USS eRe cree eee auripennis (Fabricius)

Wings hyaline except for the usual banding; stigma about half as long as
marginal cell; antennae crenulate only beyond segment six; coxae and
HETITOMEA), TREC IGIES NELOHKOKW/N. coscoocacnsasoboceccoacoacocanoos¢0seeo000000600000050 cameroni 0. sp.

Balboana auripennis (Fabricius)

Pompilus auripennis Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piezatorum, p. 192 [Type: 2°,
AMERICA MERIDIONALIS (location not known to writer) ]. — Fox,
1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 49: 258 (Brazil).

Pompilus chiriquensis Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen, II, p. 201,
pl. XI, fig. 22 [Type: 2, PANAMA: Bugaba, 800-1500 feet (GCC)
(BMNH, no. 19, 718)]. — Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., 8: 279.
New synonym.

Pompilus aureipennis Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., 8: 275.

Pompilus moorei Cameron, 1912, Jour. R. Agri. Soc. Demerara, 2: 424 [Type:
9, BRITISH GUIANA: Demerara (BMNH)]. Synonymy by Banks,
1944, confirmed by present writer.

Priocnemis (Balboa) barbouri Banks, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67: 333
[Type: 2, PANAMA (no further data) (T. Barbour) (MCZ, no. 15,
344)]. New synonym.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

176 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Balboana auripennis Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 104 (British Guiana). —
Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 509 (Ecuador, British
Guiana).

Female. — Length 13-23 mm. Black, except femora dark brown above;
pubescence varying in color from silvery through golden to brownish-viola-
ceous, tending to be most conspicuous and of a pale golden coloration on the
front, basal parts of the antennae, sides of metanotum, and base and apex of
propodeum; pleura and basal parts of legs with pale golden to silvery pubes-
cence; abdomen with pale golden to silvery pubescence except for apical bands
on T1-4, where the pubescence is dark. Wings bright yellow, the hind wings
tipped with fuscous, the fore wings a narrow apical fuscous band and two
broader fuscous bands, one crossing the wing at the basal vein, the other at
the second and third SMCs. Mandibles, labrum, and upper front with a few
strong setae, the abdomen with numerous erect setae toward the apex, body
otherwise smooth and without setae. Labrum strongly exserted, truncate or
shallowly emarginate apically. Clypeus a transverse band about 2.8 X as wide
as high, depressed on the extreme sides, the median portion very broadly sub-
angulate at the margin, the midpoint rounded or weakly produced. Head
about 1.2 X as wide as high; front narrow, MID .47-.52 X TFD; UID .75-.85
X MID, orbits diverging slightly below the middle. Ocelli rather large, POL
and OOL subequal, or either may be slightly greater. Third antennal segment
about 5 X as long as its apical width, equal to from 1.25 to 1.55 X UID; ninth
antennal segment less than half the length of the third, but thicker, measuring
about twice as long as thick. Pronotum subangulate behind, with a faint
median impression. Propodeum with a faint median impression and some
fairly strong transverse rugae, especially at the margin of the declivity; an-
terior part rather flat, in profile, the declivity strongly defined and oblique.
Middle and hind tibiae with numerous spines in longitudinal rows, apically
with a rim of spines which tend to be only slightly splayed-out and only slightly
unequal in length. Fore wing with the marginal cell removed from the wing
tip by only about .6 its own length; SMC2 rhomboidal, slightly wider than
high, SMC3 wider than second, narrowed by a third to a half above (fig. 12).
Abdomen rather strongly compressed apically.

Male. — Length 11-14 mm. Black, marked with whitish on the sides of
the clypeus and lower front, the outer side of the front tibiae, the tibial spurs,
the basal third of the first abdominal segment and a large spot on the apical
tergite; antennal segments 3-7 strongly suffused with rufo-castaneous below;
wings colored as in female. Pubescence largely pale, silvery to pale golden,
the patterning much as in the female, the propodeum with much semierect
silvery to pale golden pubescence on the posterior two-thirds. Labrum as in
female; clypeus simple, broadly truncate apically, 2.2 X as wide as high. Head
1.24 XK as wide as high; front narrow, MID roughly half TFD; UID very
slightly less than LID; ocelli rather large, POL equal to or slightly exceeding
OOL. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 6:2:8:7, segment three

HOWARD E. EVANS 177

Mop 32

@ Balboana auripennis (Fabricius)
(also occurs in northern S. America)
A Balboana tarsalis (Cameron)
© Balboana cameroni Evans
Wi Balboono nayaritana Evans
ZA Balboana pulchella Evans

2.3 X as long as wide; segments four and beyond roundly produced below, 7-
11 especially so, almost subangular. Postnotum angularly produced backward
medially; propodeum with the slope very low and even; median line of pro-
podeum impressed, but disc without rugae. Legs strongly spinose. Wing
venation as in female. Abdomen slender at base, apical part strongly com-
pressed, especially the SGP, which has the median line folded, the two sides
pressed against one another; when flattened out on a slide, the sides of the
SGP are seen to be angulate toward the base. Genitalia as described under
the generic heading and as shown in fig. 61.

Distribution. — Brazil and Ecuador to the Guianas and Panama.
(Map 32.)

Central American specimens examined. —8 22, 6 46.
PANAMA: 6 2 2, 6 6 6, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Jan.-
July, Dec. (CWR, NB, Zetek, Lutz, Curran) [USNM, MCZ, KU];
1 ¢, no further data (T. Barbour) [MCZ]; 1 ¢°, Bugaba, 800-1500
feet (GCC) [BMNH].

Balboana tarsalis (Cameron) new combination

Pseudagenia tarsalis Cameron, 1897, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)19: 372 [Type:
9, GUATEMALA: Purula, Vera Paz (GCC) (location unknown; there
are two females with identical data in the BMNH) |]. — Cameron,
1899, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, Suppl., p. 403.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

178 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

This species runs to nigrina Banks, described from southern
Brazil, in Banks’ key to the South American species (1946). It is,
in fact, very similar to that species in size, color, and most structural
features, but the middle and hind tibiae are nearly devoid of spines
on the upper surface and the wing pattern is slightly different.

Description of topotypic female. —Length 12 mm.; fore wing 10 mm.
Black; antennae light brown on the inner side of segments 3-5; tibial spurs
straw-colored except infuscated basally; all tarsi dusky rufo-castaneous. Body
clothed with pubescence which is generally silvery, but with golden reflections
on parts of the dorsum; silvery pubescence of coxae, pleura, and posterior half
of propodeum especially dense; propodeum with a few erect hairs on the lower
sides; abdomen short-setose ventrally and apically. Hind wings clear hyaline;
fore wings hyaline, slightly opaque and milky, banded with brown as follows:
central part of anal cell, a broad band over the basal and transverse median
veins and into the apical part of the anal cell (separated from the marking in
the central part of the cell), a broad band over the basal two-thirds of the
marginal cell and SMCs 2 and 3, not quite reaching the outer or lower wing
margin, and a lightly indicated and narrow band along the outer wing margin.
Labrum partially exserted, with a broadly V-shaped apical emargination. Cly-
peus narrower than lower front, measuring 2.7 X as wide as high, broadly
truncate medially, slightly depressed and contracted on the extreme sides. Head
1.2 X as wide as high; MID .52 X TFD; UID .80 X LID, .82 X MID; ocelli
not enlarged, POL and OOL subequal. Third antennal segment 5 X as Jong
as its apical thickness, equal in length to UID; ninth antennal segment about
twice as long as thick, less than half the length of the third. Pronotum broadly
angulate behind. Propodeum shorter and more rounded than in auripennis,
with strong rugae much as in that species. Midd'e and hind tibiae very weakly
spinose, the hind tibiae with only some very thin, hair-like spines on the upper
surface, the apex with only two or three thin spines. Fore wing with the mar-
ginal cell removed from the wing tip by .6 its own length; stigma large, nearly
half as long as marginal cell; basal and transverse median veins interstitial;
SMC2 small, rhomboidal, about 1.25 XK as wide as high; SMC3 larger, 1.5 X
as wide as high, 1.5 X as wide as SMC2, narrowed by slightly less than half
above; distance from third intercubital vein to tip of marginal cell slightly less
than distance from that vein to stigma (measured along radial vein). Abdo-
men moderately compressed apically.

Male. — Unknown.

Distribution. — Known only from the type locality. (Map 32.)

Specimens examined. —2 ¢° 2. GUATEMALA: 2 & &, data as
cited for holotype [BMNH].

HOWARD E. EVANS 179

Variation. — The second female is very similar and standard
measurements are virtually identical to those cited above. However,
the antennae are somewhat different colored, segments 4-6 being
wholly rufo-testaceous, segment three of this color toward the apex.

Balboana cameroni new species

Holotype. — 2, CosTA RicA: Turrialba, 31 May 1944 (F.
Schrader) [USNM].

A specimen of this species from Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama
(GCC), is labeled “Pseudagenia hecuba Cam.”, but so far as I can
determine Cameron never actually described such a species. This
species is of about the same size and general appearance as the pre-
ceding, but there are enough differences in color, wing venation, and

shape of the propodeum to convince me that each deserves specific
status.

Description of type female. — Length 13 mm.; fore wing 10.5 mm. Black,
marked with ferruginous as follows: antennal segments 4-6 and apex of 3;
greater part of clypeus; labrum, mandibles, and palpi; legs, including all coxae,
except tibiae and tarsi darker, suffused with fuscous; spurs straw-colored; ex-
treme tip of abdomen weakly suffused with rufous. Pubescence in large part
silvery, especially dense and conspicuous on the lower pleura, posterior half of
propodeum, and basal portions of abdominal segments; on the vertex, thoracic
dorsum, and apices of basal abdominal terga, the pubescence is brownish; front
coxae and propodeum with only some very fine, short, pale setae. Hind wings
hyaline except the tip weakly infuscated; fore wings hyaline, with a strong
whitish spot just outside SMC3, banded with brownish as follows: basal half
and apical .4 of anal cell; a broad band across the transverse median and basal
veins, extending to fill the basa! half of SMC1; a small spot at apex of second
discoidal cell; a broad band filling the basal two-thirds of the marginal cell,
SMCs 2 and 3, and the outer half of the third discoidal cells, more or less con-
fluent with a weaker band filling the space beyond the third discoidal cell and
extending along the outer wing margin. Labrum partially exserted, with a
broadly V-shaped apical emargination. Clypeus about as wide as lower front,
narrowly separated from the margins on each side, measuring 2.6 X as wide
as high, the apical margin broadly truncate, slightly depressed and contracted
on the sides. Head 1.15 X as wide as high; MID .50 X TFD; UID .73 X
LID, .78 X MID; POL:OOL=5:4. Third antennal segment 4 X as long as
its apical thickness, subequal in length to UID; ninth antennal segment about
twice as long as thick, about half the length of the third. Pronotum broadly
subangulate behind. Propodeum rather flat in front, with an abrupt, oblique
declivity on the posterior third, with some fairly strong rugae on the margin

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

180 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

of the declivity. Middle and hind tibiae with the spines short and sparse, the
upper surface of the hind tibiae with very scattered, minute spines. Marginal
cell rather pointed, removed from wing tip by only slightly more than half its
own length; stigma .47 X as long as marginal cell; basal vein arising from
media slightly basad of junction of transverse median vein; SMC2 small, only
slightly wider than high; SMC3 also small, much wider below than second but
not wider on the radial vein than SMC2; distance from third intercubital vein
to tip of marginal cell 1.25 X distance from that vein to stigma. Abdomen
weakly compressed apically.

Allotype. — 8, CostA Rica: Turrialba, Aug. 1963 (CCP)
[MCZ].

Description of allotype male. — Length 6 mm.; fore wing 6 mm. Body
black, the following parts whitish: apical third of clypeus, lower inner orbits,
posterior margin of pronotum, a large spot on apical tergite; labrum and man-
dibles largely testaceous; antennae pale ferruginous on basal half, deeply in-
fuscated beyond segment six; legs dusky ferruginous, including all coxae, ex-
cept middle and hind tibiae and tarsi moderately infuscated; tibial spurs white
and hind tibiae with a small basal white spot. Wings hyaline, fore wing with
a brownish band across the basal and transverse median veins and a broader
band filling the marginal cell and extending to the lower wing margin, where
it meets a weaker band along the outer margin. Body pubescence coarse,
whitish; erect hairs of head and thorax very short, pale, inconspicuous. Labrum
with a median notch; clypeus broadly truncate, 2.4 X as wide as high. Head
1.2 X as wide as high, the vertex smoothly arcuate; MID .52 X TFD; UID
very slightly exceeding LID; POL:OOL=3:2. First four antennal segments
in a ratio cf 15:5:20:17, segment three about 3 X as long as thick; segments
3-5 are slender, unmodified, segments 6-9 and also 12 are somewhat rounded
below, segments 10 and 11 are more strongly produced below and each bears
a conspicuous sensorium on the apical third. Postnotum a transverse band
which is not produced backward medially; propodeum with a strong median
impression. Legs rather weakly spinose; longer spur of hind tibia nearly as
long as basitarsus. Fore wing as described for the female except SMC3
slightly wider on the radial vein than SMC2, distance from third intercubital
vein to tip of marginal cell slightly less than distance from that vein to stigma.
Abdomen strongly compressed; SGP very slender and pointed, its sides not
expanded at the base (fig. 74). Genitalia as shown in fig. 62, differing from
those of auripennis especially in having the apical part of the digiti devoid of
setae.

Distribution. — Costa Rica and western Panama. (Map 32.)

Paratypes. — CosTA Rica: 1 2, same data as type except 14 May
1944 [MCZ]. PANAMA: 1 2, Volcan de Chiriqui, 2000-3000 feet
(GCC) [BMNH].

HOWARD E. EVANS 181

Variation. — The second Turrialba specimen is smaller than the
type (fore wing 8.5 mm.) and has the front very narrow, MID .49 X
TED; it is otherwise very similar to the type. The Chiriqui female
has the fore wing 9.5 mm. long, the front somewhat broader, MID
.52 X TFD; in this specimen antennal segment three measures 1.1 X
UID and is more than twice the length of segment nine; aside from
some minor deviations from the wing pattern of the type, there are
no noticeable color differences.

Balboana nayaritana new species

Holotype. — °, Mexico: NAYARIT: Vic. Compostela, July 1934
[MCZ, no. 30, 965].

This species is known from a single specimen from a locality far
north of the nearest other records for the genus. (Map 32.)

Description of type female. — Length 12 mm.; fore wing 9 mm. Black,
marked with ferruginous as follows: antennal segments 4-6 and adjacent parts
of 3 and 7; ventral side of scape; entire clypeus, labrum, and mandibles (rest
of mouthparts straw-colored); legs in their entirety except front and middle
tibiae dusky above (spurs straw-colored); lower third of mesopleura; a spot
on the upper metapleura; a broad streak on each side of the propodeum; api-
cal third of abdomen suffused with ferruginous. Pubescence pale, grading in-
to golden-brown on the dorsum, especially dense on the propodeum and lower
pleura; front coxae and propodeum without erect hairs except for some ex-
tremely short ones. Hind wings subhyaline; fore wings subhyaline, banded
with brownish as follows: most of basal half and apical .4 of anal cell; a broad
band across the basal and transverse median veins, not extending into SMC1;
a small spot at apex of second discoidal cell; a broad band filling the basal
two-thirds cf the marginal cell, SMC2 and 3, and extending obliquely outward
to join a weaker band along the outer wing margin. Labrum with a broadly
V-shaped apical emargination. Clypeus 2.8 X as broad as high, its apex
broadly truncate, its sides separated from the lower eye margins by a distance
slightly greater than the malar space. Head 1.15 X as wide as high; front
broad for the genus, but the eyes strongly convergent above; MID .55 X TFD;
UID .75 X LID; POL and OOL subequal. Third antennal segment 5 X as
long as its apical width, 1.15 X UID; ninth segment slightly less than twice as
long as thick, only a third the length of third segment. Pronotum broadly
subangulate behind. Propodeum sloping but weakly in front, with an oblique
posterior declivity, greater part of the surface covered with transverse rugae.
Tibiae somewhat more strongly spinose than in the preceding two species, the
hind tibiae with a row of five fairly strong spines above, three fairly strong,
splayed-out apical spines. Marginal cell removed from wing tip by .6 its own

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

182 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

length; distance from third intercubital vein to tip of marginal cell 1.2 X dis-
tance from that vein to stigma; SMC2 1.2 X as wide as high; SMC3 slightly
wider below than second, but not as wide above; basal vein arising on media
distinctly basad of transverse median vein. Tip of abdomen rather strongly
compressed, especially ventrally.

Balboana pulchella new species

Holotype. — 2, PANAMA: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone,
15 Feb. 1956 (C. W. & M. E. Rettenmeyer) [USNM].

In Banks’ (1946) key to the South American species, this form
runs to fulvipes Banks, from British Guiana and Trinidad. It is, in
fact, very similar to that species, differing chiefly in wing pattern
and in the more slender antennae. The antennae are nearly as elon-
gate as in fraternus Banks, a much larger species described from
Ecuador.

Description of type female. — Length 8 mm.; fore wing 6.5 mm. Black,
marked with ferruginous as follows: antennal segments 5 and 6 and adjacent
parts of 4 and 7; clypeus, labrum, and mouthparts (mainly rather dusky); legs,
including all of the coxae, except the middle and hind femora and all the tibiae
rather dusky; sides of T1 and tip of abdomen weakly suffused with ferruginous.
Pubescence extensively silvery, most conspicuously so on the lower pleura and
the posterior part of the propodeum; front coxae and propodeum with only
some sparse, very fine, pale hair. Hind wings hyaline except the tip weakly
infuscated; fore wings extensively patterned with brown beyond the basal third,
hyaline only in a spot in the first and second discoidal cells, a separate spot in
the basal half of the third discoidal cell, a small streak below the stigma, and
the space beyond SMC3, which also contains a milky-white blotch. Labrum
with a V-shaped emargination. Clypeus 2.8 X as wide as high, truncate below,
nearly reaching lower eye margin. Head 1.15 X as wide as high; front very
narrow, MID .46 X TFD; UID .78 X LID; POL:0OL=5:4. Third antennal
segment about 4 X as long as its apical width, subequal to UID; apical part
of antenna elongate, not thickened, segment nine about 2.3 X as long as thick,
more than .6 as long as segment three. Pronotum broadly subangulate behind.
Propodeum rather flat in front, with a well-defined oblique declivity the sides
of which are weakly rugose. Middle and hind tibiae moderately spinose, with
several rows of spines, although the spines are thinner and more sparse than
in auripennis. Features of fore wing as in the preceding species except as
follows: basal vein arising very slightly apicad of junction of transverse median
vein; SMC2 1.4 X as wide as high; SMC3 much smaller than 2, only .6 as
wide below, less than ha!f as wide above; distance from third intercubital vein
to tip of marginal cell fully 1.5 X distance from that vein to stigma. Tip of
abdomen moderately compressed.

HOWARD E. EVANS 183

Male. — Unknown.
Distribution. — Known only from the type. (Map 32.)

Genus APLOCHARES Banks

Aplochares Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 111 [Type species: Pompilus imitator
Smith, monobasic]. — Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 411-
413.

Batozonoides Haupt, 1950, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, miss. DeWitte, 69: 51
[Type species: Batozonoides bruneipes Haupt, 1950 (= Aplochares
advastes Banks, 1947; new synonym), monobasic]. New synonym.

Generic characters. — Length 9-16 mm.; black, covered with light brown,
cinereous, or silvery pubescence; known males with a yellowish stripe on the
posterior margin of the pronotum; wings folding longitudinally when at rest,
as in Episyron. Head and thorax with a very limited amount of erect hair,
propodeum with some fine hair on the sides; abdominal venter and last two
tergites with strong setae, but none of them thick, bristle-like. Mandibles with
two small teeth on inner margin in female, one in male. Clypeus large, some-
what elevated, much wider than lower front in female, slightly so in male;
apical margin of clypeus with a sharply defined median emargination in female,
merely slightly concave in male. Antennae long and slender, segment three
in female much exceeding UID, segment three in male more than twice as
long as thick, more than twice as long as segment two. Pronotum very short,
sloping steeply, without a dorsal surface, its posterior margin arcuate in female.
Thorax, in lateral profile, short, the dorsum strongly arched. Scutellum very
prominent; postnotum a very narrow transverse band of nearly equal width
throughout. Propodeum sloping strongly for most of its length, without a dis-
tinct declivity, with sniooth contours. Legs strongly spinose; female with a
tarsal comb and also with strong spines on outer side of front tibia; female
with apical tarsal segments spined beneath and also with some unusually long
spines at apex of penultimate tarsal segments, these spines much over half the
length of the apical segments. Claws of female dentate, those of male bifid,
the inner ray very close to the outer ray; apical segment of front tarsus of male
symmetrical, unmodified. Pulvillar pad of female large, giving rise to about
15-17 rays, that of male smaller, giving rise to about 9-11 rays. Fore wing
with stigma very small, but marginal cell large, removed from wing tip by less
than its own length; SMC2 and 3 both wide above; third discoidal cell long,
second recurrent vein arising much more than half way out on subdiscoidal
vein; hind wing with anal vein arching up to meet median vein at or slightly
before cubital fork; anal lobe small, .3-.4 as long as submedian cell (fig. 13).
Male SGP moderately broad, simple, genitalia with the parameres broad and
strongly setose at the basal half, apical half very slender, digiti expanded and
setose apically, parapenial lobes simple, nearly straight, slightly exceeding the
slender aedoeagus.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

184 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Distribution. — Tropical and subtropical South America, north
to Honduras.

Included species. —In addition to the type species, considered
below, only adrastes Banks, from Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Remarks. — The male of the type species is unknown, and the
above generalizations are based on that of adrastes only. This genus
has considerable resemblance to Agenioideus, but there seem to me
to be enough differences to justify generic status.

Aplochares imitator (Smith)

Pompilus imitator Smith, 1864, Jour. Ent., 2: 267 [Type: 9°, BraziL: Ega,
Amazonas (BMNH, no. 19, 701) ].

Aplochares imitator Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 111.— Banks, 1947, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 412.

This species is aptly named, for it is strikingly colored for a
pompilid, having the body and wings blackish, the apices of the fore
wings abruptly whitish, exactly like several social Vespidae which
occur commonly within its range (e.g. Parachartergus apicalis Fabr.).
Species of Hoplisoides (Sphecidae) and Leucospis (Chalcidoidea)
belong to this same mimetic complex.

Female. — Length 11-14 mm. Black, except mandibles largely ferrugi-
nous, legs fading to dull ferruginous apically; pubescence brownish, with ob-
scure bluish reflections on the abdomen, reflecting golden on the middle and
hind coxae; wings wholly infuscated except apex of fore wing contrastingly
whitish (the amount, intensity, and shape of the white is rather variable).
Emargination of clypeus sharply defined. Front very narrow, MID .46-.50 X
TFD; UID .80-.86 X LID; POL subequal to or slightly exceeding OOL; third
antennal segment 1.15-1.25 XK UID. Front basitarsus with three slender comb
spines (rarely a weak fourth), the apical one about half as long as second
tarsal segment. Marginal cell separated from wing tip by about .8 its own
length; SMC3 narrowed above by half to two-thirds.

Male. — Unknown.

Distribution. — This species ranges from the Amazon basin north
to British Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, and Honduras. For South
America records, see Banks, 1947. (Map 26.)

Central American specimens examined. — 2 2 2. COSTA RICA:
1 ¢, Turrialba, 31 May 1944 (F. Schrader) [USNM]. HoNnpurRAs:
1 ¢, Corocito, 3 April 1924 (JB) [MCZ].

HOWARD E. EVANS 185

Genus SERICOPOMPILUS Howard

Sericopompilus Howard, 1901, The Insect Book, pl. XI, fig. 17 [Type species:
Pompilus cinctipes Cresson (=apicalis Say), monobasic]. — Ash-
mead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 82. — Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent.
Soc., 19: 223, 228. — Dreisbach, 1949, Ent. Amer., (n.s.)29: 6, 11,
36, pl. Il, fig. 6. — Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 202-
213 (revision).

Generic characters. — Size 7-17 mm.; slender, with relatively long wings;
color predominantly black, sometimes in part rufous, males with pale yellow
markings at least on posterior margin of pronotum, sides of posterior rim of
propodeum, apical tergite, and parts of the middle and hind tarsi and the hind
tibiae. Head, thorax, and propodeum with a moderate amount of erect hair;
abdomen of female with some strong setae apically, but without bristles. Head
rather thin, the temples not strongly developed. Mandibles with two small
teeth on inner margin in female, either one or two teeth in male. Clypeus
large, slightly wider than LID. Antennae elongate, segment three at least 4
X as long as thick in female, at least twice as long as thick in male. Pronotum
short, sloping steeply in front. Postnotum well developed, constricted and
depressed on the median line and also in front of the spiracles, arcuately ex-
panded between. Propodeum with the slope low and even, without a well-
defined declivity. Legs slender, strongly spinose; female with a comb on the
front tarsus; apical tarsal segments not spined beneath. Claws dentate, except
front tarsal claws of male sub-bifid; apical segment of front tarsus of male
unmodified, symmetrical. Fore wing with the stigma large, the marginal cell
removed from the wing tip by less than its own length, the radial vein evenly
arched; SMC2 and 3 both wide above; hind wing with the anal vein meeting
the median vein considerably beyond the cubital fork (fig. 14). Abdomen of
male very slender, especially basally; SGP with the median line strongly ele-
vated, the apex obtusely pointed or somewhat rounded. Genitalia with the
parameres long and slender; basal hooklets double; digiti much broadened api-
cally; aedoeagus simple, much exceeded by the slender parapenial lobes. The
terminalia show no noteworthy specific differences within the genus (see fig-
ures in Dreisbach, 1949, and Evans, 1950).

Distribution. — Southern North America, with one species rang-
ing north to Connecticut and to Michigan.
Included species. — Only three species of this genus are known,

and only two of these are known to occur in Mexico and Central
America.

Key to Species
Inner orbits less strongly convergent above, in the female UID from .8 to .9

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

186 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

X LID, in the male UID subequal to or slightly greater than LID; female
entirely black; male with ocelli of normal size, POL slightly exceeding OOL
Sapp See Sen snce ona Saetapeetene lavstng dee saree uney cee tree oo enthe eee a eee angustatus (Cresson)
Inner orbits strongly convergent above, in the female UID from .7 to .8 X
LID, in the male .82-.92 X LID; female with abdomen wholly rufous, legs
partly or almost wholly rufous; male with rather large ocelli, POL much
ereatertham: OOM errceaeccensee eee ee neotropicalis (Cameron)

Sericopompilus angustatus (Cresson)

Pompilus angustatus Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 4: 452 [Type: °,
CoLoRADO (no further data) (ANSP, no. 418].

Psammochares fulvoapicalis Banks, 1910, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 18: 117 [Type:
2, TEXAS: Lee Co., 2 Sept. 1905 (G. Birkman) (MCZ, no. 13, 712)].
Synonymy by Evans, 1950.

Sericopompilus fumosus Banks, 1933, Psyche, 40: 5 [Type: é, CoLorRapo:
Colorado Springs, 12-19 July 1932 (MCZ, no. 17, 050)]. Syn-
onymy by Evans, 1950.

Sericopompilus angustatus Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 205-207,
fig. 47. — Krombein, 1958, U. S. Dept. Agri. Monogr. 2, First
Suppl., p. 180.

Female. — Length 9-14 mm. Black, upper outer and sometimes middle
inner orbits with a very small pale spot; wings wholly infuscated. Body clothed
with brownish pubescence, sometimes silvery on lower front. Clypeus 2.0-2.2
X as broad as high, apical margin subtruncate. MID .62-.67 X TFD; UID .8
to .9 X LID; antennal segment three .75-.82 KX UID. POL usually slightly ex-
ceeding OOL. Posterior margin of pronotum subarcuate. Front basitarsus
with three slender comb-spines, the apical one not more than half as long as
second tarsal segment.

Male. — Length 7-12 mm. Black, the following pale yellowish: small
spots on inner and outer orbits; posterior margin of pronotum rather broadly;
a small spot at the extreme base of the fore wing; sides of posterior rim of
propodeum; apical tergite; broad basal rings on segments 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the
middle tarsi, and on segments 2, 3, and 4 of the hind tarsi; a streak on the
hind tibiae; spurs of middle tibiae and sometimes those of the hind tibiae.
Wings variable, either hyaline with a brownish apical band, wholly fuscous,
or intermediate. Front broad, MID about .65 X TFD; UID subequal to or
slightly greater than LID; antennal segment three slightly more than twice as
long as thick. Ocellar triangle prominent, POL slightly exceeding OOL. Other
features as described under generic heading.

Distribution. — This species is characteristic of central North
America, ranging from Wyoming, South Dakota, and Michigan to
Florida, west to New Mexico, and south in the Mexican Central
Plateau to Jalisco and Guanajuato. (Map 31.)

HOWARD E. EVANS 187

Mexican specimens examined. —5 2 2. CHIHUAHUA: 2 2 2,
Samalayuca, 24 June 1947 (CDM) [AMNH]. Zacatecas: 1 9,
Fresnillo, 7000 feet, 15 Aug. 1947 (CDM) [AMNH]. Ja.isco:
1 @, 117 mi. E Guadalajara, 6100 feet, 1 Oct. 1957 (HAS) [OSU].
GUANAJUATO: 1 2, 14 mi. E Celaya, 23 Aug. 1963 (FDP) [UCD].

Sericopompilus neotropicalis (Cameron)

Pompilus neotropicalis Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 203
[Type: 2, GUATEMALA: San Geronimo (GCC) (BMNH, no. 19,
561)].

Pompilus guatemalensis Cameron, 1893, ibid., p. 206 [Type: 6, GUATEMALA:
San Geronimo (GCC) (BMNH, no. 19, 562)]. Synonymy by Evans,
1950.

Psammochares posticatus Banks, 1910, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 18: 119 [Type:
é, Texas: Lee Co., 2 Oct. 1950 (G. Birkman) (MCZ, no. 13, 709) ].
Synonymy by Evans, 1950.

Psammochares fuscipennis var. georgiana Banks, 1911, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
13: 238 [Type: 2, GEorGIA: Bainbridge, 17 Sept.-19 Oct. 1910
(J. C. Bradley) (MCZ, no. 13, 711)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1950.

Sericopompilus posticatus Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 229.

Psammochares neotropicalis Banks, 1931, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 26: 133
(Yucatan).

Sericopompilus neotropicalis Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 210-
213. — Krombein, 1958, U. S. Dept. Agri. Monogr. 2, First Suppl.,
p. 181.

The type of neotropicalis is in excellent condition and conforms
to the usual concept of this species. As in other females from the
southern parts of the range, the pronotum of the type has a wide yel-
lowish band on the posterior margin and the legs are almost entirely
rufous. Most females from the United States lack any band at all
on the pronotum and have only the hind legs rufous. There appears
to be an irregular north-south cline in the extent of yellow and rufous
coloration.

Female. — Length 10-17 mm. Black; abdomen wholly rufous, hind legs
rufous except coxae, middle and front legs partly or wholly rufous beyond
coxae in specimens from southern parts of the range; inner and outer orbits
with small yellowish streaks; collar usually marked with pale yellow, posterior
margin of pronotum usually with a pale yellowish stripe; wings wholly in-
fuscated, hind wings rather lightly so basally. Clypeus 2.2-2.4 X as broad as

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

188 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

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high, apical margin rounded on the sides, truncate medially. MID .60-.65 X
TFD; UID .70-.80 X LID; antennal segment three .90-1.20 X UID. POL:
OOL=3:2. Front basitarsus with three or four comb-spines, the apical one
usually .4 to .5 as long as the second tarsal segment.

Male. — Length 7.5-12 mm. Black; second and third abdominal segments
and apex of first usually rufous, parts of legs sometimes suffused with rufous;
inner and outer orbits with small pale yellow streaks, collar and broad band
along posterior margin of pronotum pale yellow, also base of front wings and
sides of propodeal rim maculated, legs marked with pale yellow as in the pre-
ceding species. Wings clear hyaline, tips of hind wings usually fuscous, tips
of fore wings fuscous beyond stigma, usually with a paler, crescentic streak
within this fuscous band. MID .60-.66 X TFD; UID .82-.92 X LID; anten-
nal segment three 2.1-2.3 X as long as thick. Ocelli somewhat larger than
normal, POL:OOL about 4:3.

Distribution. — In the United States, this species ranges north to
Central California, Kansas, Illinois, and North Carolina, but is more
common along the southern tier of states. From Mexico south to
Costa Rica the species is very widely distributed but is absent at ele-
vations above about 6000 feet. (Map 33.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. —73 2 2,
95 66. TAMAULIPAS: 1 2, Villagran, 7 June 1951 (PDH) [CIS].

HOWARD E. EVANS 189

COAHUILA: 1 ¢, 12 mi. N Hermanas, 11 Aug. 1959 (AM & LS)
[UCD]; 1 ¢, 13 mi. N Saltillo, 11 Aug. 1959 (AM & LS) [UCD].
CHIHUAHUA: 1 ¢, 13 mi. S Ciudad Juarez, 18 Aug. 1952 (EG)
[GIs]; 1 2, Moctezuma, 4 July 1954 (EIS) [CIS]; 2 22, 3 64,
Santa Clara Canyon, 5 mi. W Parrita, 6 July 1954 (JWM) [CIS];
1 ?,1 8, 8 mi. S Ciudad Camargo, 10 Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS].
SONORA: 2 22,3 64,10 mi. E Navajoa, 13 Aug. 1959 (Werner
& Nutting) [UA, MCZ]. Basa CALIFoRNIA: 1 ¢, 17 mi. SE Mexi-
cali, 15 June 1952 (MC) [AMNH]; 1 ¢, 23 mi. SE Mezquital, 26
Aug. 1959 (Radford & Werner) [CAS]; 1 2°, 1 4, La Paz, 10 Oct.
1954 (FXW) [CAS]. SINALoA: 1 ¢, Culiacan, 21 July 1959
(HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Mazatlan, 15 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ].
DurRANGO: 2 22, 1 8, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (HEE)
[MCZ];3 22,7 é 6, San Juan del Rio, 7 Aug. 1951 (HEE & PDH)
[MCZ, CIS]; 23 ¢ 6, 14 mi. NW Ceballos, 10 Sept. 1963 (HAS)
[OSU, MCZ]. San Luts Potosi: 1 ¢, El Salto, 1800 feet, 8 June
1961 [KU]. Nayarir: 1 2, Ahuacatlan, 18 July 1951 (HEE)
[MCZ]. JaALisco: 2 2 2, 8 mi. S Guadalajara, Sept. 1954 (FXW)
[CAS]; 1 ¢, Guadalajara, 14 July 1959, 5000 feet (HEE) [MCZ].
GUERRERO: 1 ¢, Acapulco [MCZ]; 2 2 2, Mexcala, 29 June 1951
(HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Tierra Colorada, 2000 feet, Oct. (HHS)
[BMNH]; 2 22, Venta de Zopilote, 2800 feet, June (HHS)
[BMNH]; 1 2, Chilpancingo, 4600 feet, June (HHS) [BMNH].
MoreELos: 1 2, Cuernavaca, 19 July 1961 (RRD) [MSU]; 1 2°,
Xochicalco, 13 July 1961 (RRD) [MSU]; 1 ¢, Huajintlan, 22 Aug.
1956 (RRD) [MSU]; 10 2 2°, 4 4 4, Alpuyeca, May, July (PDH,
HEE) [CIS, MCZ, CU]; 1 2,2 ¢ 6, Canyon de Lobos, nr. Yautepec,
4000 feet, 25 May 1959 (HEE) [CU]. PuEBLA: 2 2 2, Petlalcingo,
Aug. 1963 (FDP) [UCD]. VeERAcRruz: 1 2, Tecolutla, 19 June
1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 13 2 2, 40 ¢ 6, Veracruz, June-Aug. (HEE,
PDH, RRD, RHP) [MCZ, CU, MSU, CIS, UCD]; 1 ¢, 1 ¢, Mina-
titlan, 16 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]. Oaxaca: 1 ?, 5 mi. N Rio
Hondo, 10 Aug. 1957 (Chemsak & Rannells) [CIS]; 2 ¢ @, 12 mi.
S Chivela, 18 Aug. 1959 (LS & AM) [UCD]; 1 ¢, 64 mi. W Tehuan-
tepec, 21 July 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS]; 1 2°, 44 mi. W Tehuantepec,
21 July 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS]; 1 2°, 8 mi. W Tehuantepec, 400
feet, 10 July 1953 [KU]; 1 2, 21 mi. E El Camaron, 21 July 1956
(JWM) [CIS]. YucaTAn: 1 2,1 4, Chichen Itza, June, July (JB,

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOCc., 20

190 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

HEE) [MCZ]. CurApas: 1 °, 1 6, 20 mi. S Tuxtla Gutierrez, 12
Aug. 1963 (FDP) [UCD]. GuATEMALA: 2 22, 1 6, San Ger-
onimo (GCC) [BMNH]; 1 ¢, Tiucal, 20 Aug. 1961 (M. Irwin)
[UCD]. Et SALvapor: 1 é, Quezaltepeque, 1 July 1963 (M. Irwin)
[UCD]. Costa Rica: 3 ° 2, Liberia & vic., 26-29 July 1963 (HAS)
[OSU].

Variation. — As mentioned earlier, females from the southern
parts of the range tend to have a broad yellowish band on the pro-
notum (often wholly absent in U. S. specimens) and to have the legs
almost wholly rufous. The three Costa Rica females are unusual in
having the wings lightly infuscated, the fore wing indistinctly twice-
banded with darker fuscous.

Genus EPISYRON Schi¢gdte

Episyron Schigdte, 1837, Kr@yer’s Naturhist. Tidsskr., 1: 341 [Type species:
Sphex rufipes Linnaeus, monobasic]. — Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent.
Soc., 19: 223, 229. — Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 213-
236 (U. S. spp.).

Spilopompilus Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 81 [Type species: Pompilus
biguttatus Fabricius, monobasic].

Generic characters. — Length 5.5-18 mm.; black, often with whitish macu-
lations, legs sometimes partly rufous;- propodeum, T1, and sometimes parts of
the thorax with scale-like pubescence; wings tending to fold longitudinally at
rest. Mandibles with two teeth on inner margin in female, one in male. Cly-
peus large, as wide as or slightly wider than LID, lower margin truncate. Eyes
of female convergent above. Antennae elongate, rather compact in males of
some species. Postnotum strongly developed, constricted on the median line
and again just in front of the spiracles, between the constrictions arcuately ex-
panded. Legs strongly spinose; front tibiae of female with a few spines above,
front tarsus with a strong comb. Apical tarsal segments spined beneath in
female. All claws bifid in both sexes, inner ray close to outer ray and more or
less truncate; apical segment of front tarsus unmodified, parallel-sided. Pulvil-
lar pad small, the comb of not more than nine setulae. Fore wing with basal
and transverse median veins interstitial or nearly so; stigma rather small; SMC2
and 3 both sessile above in our species; anal vein of hind wing arching up to
meet median vein beyond cubital fork, occasionally interstitial with cubitus
(fig. 15). Tip of abdomen of female without stout bristles. Male SGP
strongly elevated medially, the apex broadly rounded or subtruncate. Geni-
talia with the basal hooklets double; parameres slender, with a strong squama
about half way from base to apex; digiti subspatulate; parapenial lobes simple,
exceeding the aedoeagus. The male terminalia are of little value in separating
the species of this genus.

HOWARD E. EVANS 191

Distribution. — Cosmopolitan, although poorly represented in
tropical America.
Included species. — Of the five species occurring in the United

States, three enter northern Mexico and one occurs south to Costa
Rica.

Key to Species
Females

1. Legs partly or almost wholly rufous; T3 with a pale yellow band or paired
spots (occasionally absent or concealed), posterior margin of pronotum
almost always with a pale band; body with a considerable amount of
WwihitishwenreCt Mailt s.es-encsseece-ceeteetsrse<s,cvteos sees conterminus posterus (Fox)

Legs and body entirely black except for limited markings at the margins
of the eyes; body hairs dark, or much reduced ..................seseeeeneneeeeeees D

2. Front basitarsus with four comb-spines; pubescence with only weak bluish
or blue-green reflections; propodeum with abundant dark setae ..............
Bee acre aca ac athe a als sha caebede saenhnebasdaseeecaeeerve's quinquenotatus hurdi Evans

Front basitarsus with three comb-spines; pubescence strongly reflecting
bluish or the propodeum with only a limited amount of short hair ...... 3

3. Eyes strongly convergent above, UID subequal to or less than length of
third antennal segment; head, thorax, and propodeum with an abundance
of dark erect hair; pubescence reflecting deep bluish ......................::eeee
AGO Nepean BOOB A Stade eb RE SARS EEE aris Be PERE BESET biguttatus montezuma (Cameron)

Vertex broader, UID considerably exceeding length of third antennal seg-
ment; body hairs much reduced, propodeum with only a limited number
of short hairs; pubescence at most obscurely metallic .... snowi (Viereck)

Males

1. Tibial spurs black; mandibles black, with dark rufous apices; antennae
elongate, flagellar segments generally more than 1.5 X as long as thick

Tibial spurs whitish; mandibles (except in rare individuals) tricolored,
black, whitish, and rufous; antennae shorter, flagellar segments (except

the last) not more than 1.5 X as long as thick ...................cccccceeeeeeeeeee 3

2. Hind tibiae wholly black; fine pubescence of body mostly dark; pronotum
quite distinctly angulate behind .................. quinquenctatus hurdi Evans

Hind tibiae extensively whitish on the outer side; body pubescence exten-
sively silvery; pronotum very broadly and often indistinctly angulate be-

| aTOYG Do canoceoesretcocatcs Onecare SonecReeReEearereeserence biguttatus montezuma (Cameron)

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

192 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

3. Abdomen black except apical tergite white; wings with a whitish bloom;
pronotum relatively long; legs never in part rufous ...... snowi (Viereck)

T3 with a pale yellow basal band or paired spots (occasionally covered by
overlapping of 12); wings without a whitish bloom; pronotum short;

hind legs partly rufous in many SPECIMENS .............c0:ccccceesssccccesesseeeeesnees

Peewee eee eee eee ence e essen s senses esesssearesssseeesesssesssseseseeees®

Episyron quinquenotatus hurdi Evans

Episyron quinquenotatus hurdi Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 221-
22B%

Female. — Length 7-14 mm. Black, inner and outer orbits with pale yel-
low streaks; pubescence mainly fuscous, obscurely bluish or violaceous; head,
thorax, propodeum, and basal abdominal tergite with numerous dark setae.
Front fairly broad and eyes only moderately convergent above; MID .62-.66
X TFD; UID .73-.85 X LID; antennal segment three .80 to 1.05 X UID.
Front basitarsus with four slender comb-spines, the basal one usually smaller
than the others, the apical one considerably longer than the second tarsal seg-
ment.

Male. — Length 5-10 mm. Black, inner and outer orbits narrowly pale,
apical tergite mostly whitish (T3 rarely with pale markings basally); fine pu-
bescence of body largely dark except on the front and clypeus; propodeum
with a considerable amount of erect hair. Front moderately broad; inner or-
bits diverging slightly above, UID slightly exceeding LID; antennae elongate,
outer flagellar segments (except the last) 1.5-1.9 X as long as wide. Pro-
notum quite distinctly angulate behind.

Distribution. — Southern British Columbia to northern Baja
California, east to Alberta and Utah. See Evans, 1950, for a fuller
description and for detailed distribution records. (Map 34.)

Mexican specimens examined. —1 ¢. BAJA CALIFORNIA: 1 2,
San Vicente, 8 July 1963 (JP) [CIS].

Episyron biguttatus montezuma (Cameron) new combination

Pompilus montezuma Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 193,
pl. 11, fig. 10 [Type: 2°, Mexico: GUERRERO: Chilpancingo, 4600
feet, Oct. (HHS) (BMNH)].

Episyron arizonica Banks, 1933, Psyche, 40: 5 [Type: 2°, ARIZONA: Apache
Camp, Santa Catalina Mts., 5500 feet, 25 July (JB) (MCZ, no. 17,
033)]. New synonym. ne

Episyron biguttatus californicus Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 229-
230 (in part).

Although I placed arizonica in the synonymy of Banks’ califor-
nicus in 1950, I now consider it useful to employ a subspecific name

HOWARD E. EVANS 193

Map 34

O Episyron quinquenotatus hurdi Evans
(widely distr. in western U.S.)
@ Episyron snowi (Viereck)
(transcontinental in U.S)
A Poecilopompilus p. polistoides (Smith)
(occurs widely in S. America)
A Poecilopompilus badius Evans
(also recorded from Ecuador)

for the biguttatus population of Mexico and extreme southwestern
United States. However, the name montezuma has priority over
arizonica. 1 am unable to separate the females of californicus and
montezuma, but the males of the latter form differ consistently from
those of californicus in having paler wings and much paler, exten-
sively silvery pubescence. I should add that the type of montezuma
is clearly the female which Cameron had before him, as his descrip-
tion of the female is much more detailed than that of the male, the
diagnostic features he cites apply to the female and not the male, and
the figure is clearly that of the wing of the female. The male, from
Omilteme, Guerrero, formerly considered the type, is a specimen of
Pompilus scelestus Cresson (= omiltemensis Cameron). Although
the type female of montezuma is in good condition, the head and pro-
thorax are densely covered with mold, so I have made no attempt to
present a full description of the type, which appears closely similar
to females from Morelos and Michoacan.

Female. — Length 9-16 mm. Black, upper outer and middle inner orbits
very narrowly marked with pale yellow; pubescence wholly dark, rather con-
spicuously reflecting shades of deep bluish; fore wing moderately to deeply
infuscated, with a darker band along outer margin; hind wings moderately in-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOc., 20

194 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

fuscated, darker apically. Head, thorax, propodeum, first abdominal tergite,
and coxae clothed rather densely with dark setae; femora sparsely short-setose.
MID .60-.64 X TFD; UID .63-.73 X LID; POL slightly to considerably ex-
ceeding OOL; antennal segment three measuring from .95 to 1.35 X UID.
Front basitarsus with three slender comb-spines, the apical one nearly or quite
as long as second tarsal segment.

Male. — Length 6.5-12 mm. Black, inner and outer orbits marked with
pale yellow as in female, apical tergite mostly whitish, hind tibiae with a whitish
streak for most of their length (but all spurs black); wings clear hyaline, outer
margin of fore wing and tip of hind wing contrastingly brown. Pubescence
silvery over much of head and thorax, including the legs, on the abdomen
forming basal silvery bands on the basal tergites, apical tergites mostly silvery;
squamiform pubescence on thorax whitish, on first tergite whitish or rather
dark. Body with a variable amount of erect hair, usually dark in color but
occasionally in part whitish. MID .60-.65 KX TFD; UID 1.0-1.10 X LID;
POL usually slightly less than OOL. Antennae elongate, outer flagellar seg-
ments (except the last) 1.7-2.0 X as long as wide. Pronotum short, its pos-
terior margin broadly subangulate. Longer spur of hind tibia about .8 the
length of the basitarsus.

Distribution. — This form occurs from western Texas to southern
Arizona, south through the Mexican Central Plateau to Guerrero and
Veracruz. From California and northern Arizona and New Mexico
northward the males have darker wings and almost wholly dark pubes-
cence (subspecies californicus Banks); from eastern Texas northward
and eastward both sexes typically have whitish spots on the abdomen
(b. biguttatus Fabr.). (Map 35.)

Specimens examined. — 22 22,24 66. TeExas: 1 6, 14 mi.
S Marathon, Brewster Co., 9 July 1958 [MCZ]. New Mexico: 1
2, 7 mi. SE Rodeo, Hidalgo Co., 21 Aug. 1958 (E. G. Linsley)
[CIS]. Arizona: 4 6 6, Portal and vic., Cochise Co., Sept. [CU,
MCZ, AMNH]; 1 2, Patagonia, Santa Cruz Co., 10 Aug. 1958
(Werner & Butler) [UA]; 1 2°, Apache Camp, Santa Catalina Mts.,
25 July 1917 (JB) [MCZ]. CutHuAHuA: 1 2, Santa Clara Canyon,
5 mi. W Parrita, 6 July 1954 (JWM) [CIS]; 1 2°, 2 mi. S Matachic,
21 Aug. 1950 (RFS) [AMNH]. Duranco: 1 ?, 1 6, 8 mi. S
Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Zacatecas: 5 2 2,9 3 6,
15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31 July 1951 (HEE & PDH) [MCZ, CU,
CIS]: 1 ¢, 5 mi. S Fresnillo, 7 Aug. 1954 (RFS) [CIS]. JA isco:
1 2, Villa Guadalupe, 26 July 1951 (PDH) [CIS]; 3 ¢ ¢, Guadala-
jara, July, Sept. (HEE, RRD) [MCZ, MSU]; 1 2, 6 mi. NE Jalastit-

HOWARD E. EVANS 195

2g a)
2X
ee
=~ 3g -
Ss g

Map 35 u MAW

@ Episyron biguttatus montezuma (Cameron)

lan, 6000 feet, July [KU]. MiIcHoacan: 3 ¢ ¢, 3 mi. E Carapan,
10 July 1959, 6500 feet (HEE) [CU, MCZ];1 2,2 6 4,6mi. NW
Quiroga, 11 July 1963 (FDP) [UCD]. Distriro FEDERAL: 1 2°,
2 mi. SE Mexico City, 2 July 1953 (EG & CM) [CIS]. VERACRUZ:
1 é, Rio Blanco, 13 Nov. 1957 (RRD) [MSU]. MoreE.os: 3 2 ¢,
2 646, 3 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 6500 feet, May-June 1959 (HEE)
[CU, MCZ]. GUERRERO: 1 2, Chilpancingo, 4600 feet, Oct. (HHS)
[type, BMNH].

Episyron snowi (Viereck)

Anoplius (Episyron) snowi Viereck, 1906, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 32: 202
[Type: ¢, Kansas: Morton Co., 3200 feet (F. H. Snow) (KU)].

Psammochares maneei Banks, 1910, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 18: 117 [Type: 2°,
NortH CAROLINA: Southern Pines, 26 June 1909 (A. H. Manee)
(MCZ, no. 13, 663)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1950.

Episyron laevis Banks, 1933, Psyche, 40: 4 [Type: 2, TExaAs: Fedor, Lee Co.,
27 Mch. 1909 (G. Birkman) (MCZ, no. 17, 032)]. Synonymy by
Evans, 1950.

Episyron snowi Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 233-236.

Female. — Length 8-13 mm. Color black, upper outer orbits usually
with a very small pale stripe; pubescence brownish, at most very obscurely re-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

196 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

flecting metallic on the abdomen; squamiform pubescence usually quite ex-
tensive, somewhat brownish; wings lightly infuscated, with a darker band at
the outer margin. Erect setae of head, thorax, and propodeum very short,
rather sparse, dark or rather pale. MID .61-.65 X TFD; UID .75-.82 X LID;
POL:OOL about as 5:3, ocellar triangle very broad and flat. Vertex raised in
an even arc above eye tops; third antennal segment equal to .8 to .9 X UID.
Pronotum long for the genus, its posterior margin arcuate. Front basitarsus
with three comb-spines, the apical one 1.2-1.5 X the length of the second tar-
sal segment.

Male. — Length 5-10.5 mm. Color black, marked with whitish on center
of mandibles, outer and often inner orbits very narrowly, sometimes at apex
of scape and/or posterior margin of pronotum and/or base of fore wing, api-
cal abdominal tergite, most of outer side of hind tibia, tibial spurs, and a spot
at apex of front tibia; wings hyaline, with a whitish bloom, apical margin of
fore wing somewhat infuscated. Pubescence mostly pale, squamiform pubes-
cence extensive and conspicuous, whitish. Body with a variable amount of
white, erect hairs. MID .60-.67 X TFD; UID 1.05-1.15 X LID; ocellar tri-
angle broad and flat, POL slightly exceeding OOL. Antennae relatively short
and thick, flagellar segments rather distinctly separated below, imbricate above
(see fig. 66 in Evans, 1950). Pronotum long for the genus, arcuate or weakly
angulate behind. Longer spur of hind tibia about .9 the length of the basi-
tarsus.

Distribution. — Florida, Texas, Durango, and Baja California
north to Washington, South Dakota, Illinois, and New Jersey. (Map
34.)

Mexican specimens examined. —1 2°, 10 88. BAJA CALI-
FORNIA: 1 6, San Vicente, 8 July 1963 (PDH) [CIS]. CHIHUAHUA:
1 ¢, Villa Ahumada, 28 July 1953 [KU]. DurAnco: 1 ¢, San
Juan del Rio, 7 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ];1 °,7 36, 14 mi. NW
Ceballos, 10 Sept. 1963 (HAS) [OSU].

Episyron conterminus posterus (Fox) new combination

Pompilus posterus Fox, 1893, Canad. Ent., 25: 115 [Type: 2, FLoripa: So.
part (Robertson) (ANSP, no. 4717) ].

Pompilus exactus Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 202, pl. XI,
fig. 23 [Type: 9, MExico: YUCATAN: No. part (Gaumer) (BMNH,
no. 19, 551)]. Synonym by Evans, 1950.

Pompilus temaxensis Cameron, 1893, ibid., p. 208 [Type: ¢, Mexico: YUCA-
TAN: Temax (Gaumer) (BMNH, no. 19, 549)]. New synonym.

Pompilus porus Fox, 1894, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2)4: 98 [Type: 2,
Mexico: BAJA CALIFORNIA: San José del Cabo (CAS, no. 240)].
Synonym by Evans, 1950.

HOWARD E. EVANS 197

Episyron posterus Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 229. — Evans, 1950,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 223-226.

Episyron exactus Banks, 1931, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 26: 133 (Chichen
Itza, Yucatan).

Episyron porus Bradley, 1944, Notulae Naturae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., no.
145, p. 11.

The type of Episyron conterminus Smith (BMNH, no. 19, 550)
is a female from Para, Brazil. I have seen additional specimens from
Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina as well as several localities in Brazil;
Episyron fraternus Banks is a synonym (new synonym). E. conter-
minus is virtually identical to posterus except that the spurs of the
female are whitish and the antennae of the males ferruginous beneath.
It seems best to regard conterminus and posterus as subspecies of one
species; presumably the ranges of the two forms are contiguous in
Panama or extreme northwestern South America. The type of
temaxensis is in poor condition and is a small specimen with reduced
maculations, but there is no question that it represents a male posterus.
Some aspects of variation in this species are discussed below.

Female. — Length 6-13 mm. Black; hind femora and tibiae rufous, the
legs often more extensively rufous, but the coxae and trochanters always black;
pale yellow markings present on inner and outer orbits, pronotal collar, pos-
terior margin of pronotum (rarely absent), small spot at extreme base of fore
wing, sometimes a rectangular spot on the mesoscutum, a band or pair of spots
on T3 (sometimes concealed, rarely absent); spurs blackish or rufous; wings
hyaline or lightly infuscated, darker along outer margin. Pubescence exten-
sively silvery, often with a tendency to form bands on the abdomen; squami-
form pubescence silvery or somewhat coppery, sometimes with greenish reflec-
tions; erect hairs of body pale, fairly abundant on head, pronotum, and pro-
podeum. MID .59-.64 X TFD; UID .68-.80 X LID; antennal segment three
-85-1.10 X UID; POL somewhat exceeding OOL. Front basitarsus with three
comb-spines, the apical one 1.2-1.5 X length of second tarsal segment. SMC3
considerably narrower both above and below than second.

Male. — Length 4.5-9.5 mm. Color pattern similar to that of female, but
the legs sometimes almost entirely blackish except usually for a tinge of rufous
on the hind tibiae; spurs whitish; mandibles usually partly whitish; hind tibiae
often with a whitish streak; spurs and usually most of spines on tibiae whitish;
apical tergite whitish; wings hyaline, with a dark marginal band. Pubescence
and erect setae as in female. MID .58-.62 X TFD; UID slightly exceeding
LID. Antennae rather compact, outer flagellar segments less strongly separated
and imbricate than in snowi, but measuring (except for the apical segment) not

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

198 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

more than about 1.5 X as long as thick. Pronotum short, its posterior margin
arcuate. Longer spur of hind tibia about .8 the length of the basitarsus.

Distribution. — This is a widely distributed and not uncommon
form at low to moderate elevations in Central America and Mexico,
ranging from Costa Rica north to California, in the Mississippi Valley
to Illinois, and up the Atlantic Coastal Plain to Long Island. (Map
30.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. —55 2 2,
71 88. Nugvo LEON: 2 2 ?, 50 mi. SE Monterrey, 1700 feet, 12
Oct. 1957 (HAS) [OSU]; 1 2, 31 mi. NW Linares, 1500 feet, 12
Oct. 1957 (HAS) [OSU]. CuHriHuAHUA: 1 46, Chihuahua, 12 Aug.
1951 (PDH) [CIS]. Sonora: 1 2, La Aduana, 12 June 1961
(FDP) [UCD]; 2 ¢ 6, Cocorit, May-June (FDP) [UCD]; 1 ¢, 10
mi. E Navajoa, 13 Aug. 1959 (Werner & Nutting) [UA]. BAJA
CALIFORNIA: 1 2, 1 6, Angeles Bay, 26-27 June [CAS]; 1 2, San
José del Cabo [CAS]; 7 4 6, 25 mi. W La Paz, Aug.-Sept. 1959
(Radford & Werner) [UA]. SINALOA: 2 2 2, Mazatlan, July, Oct.
[MCZ, CAS]; 1 ¢°, Guamuchil, 6 May 1953 (EIS) [CIS]; 2 ¢ 2,
13 66, 8 mi. SE Elota, 18 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]; 13 mi. N
Culiacan, 17 Mch. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Duranco: 1 2,1 3, 4
mi. N Nombre de Dios, 13 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Nayarit: 1
@, 1 6, Ahuacatlan, 18 July 1951 (PDH, HEE) [CIS, MCZ].
JaLisco: 1 ?, El Tigre, 18 July 1954 (EIS) [CIS]. San Luts
Potosrt: 1 ¢, Ciudad del Maiz, 23 July 1954 (RRD) [MSU].
HiwaLco: 3 2 2, Jacala, 1 S2ot. 1963 (HAS) [OSU]. GUERRERO:
1 ?, Acapulco, 1 July 1951 (PDH) [CIS]; 1 2, Xalitla, 20 Mch.
1959, 1500 feet (HEE) [CU]. Moretos: 1 2, 12 66,3 mi.N
Alpuyeca, Mch.-Apr. 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 2 22, 3 ¢4,
Canyon de Lobos, nr. Yautepec, Mch.-May 1959, 4000 feet (HEE)
IMCZ, CU]; 1 ¢@, 2 4 6, Cuernavaca and vic., Mch., Apr. (HEE,
LS) [CU, UCD]. VeERAcRuz: 1 ¢, Veracruz, 20 June 1951 (PDH)
(CIS: 22 2,8 6 6, 16 mi. S Necolutla; 26 June 1953) KU; 3ueeee
3 8 6, Minatitlan, 26 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]; 1 2, 1 ¢, Acayu-
can, 23 Oct. 1957 (RRD) [MSU]. CamprcHE: 1 ¢, 20 mi. E
Campeche, 13 Aug. 1963 (HAS) [OSU]. YucATAN: 3 é ¢, Merida,
25 July 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 7 ¢° 2, Chichen Itza, June 1929
[MCZ]; 3 ¢ 6, Temax (Gaumer) [BMNH]; 9 2 2, 2 6 6, No. part
(Gaumer) [BMNH]. Curapas: 1 ¢, Ixtapa, 11 Apr. 1962 (FDP)

HOWARD E. EVANS 199

' o oe =
( Ne
eae aa et an -
i tet << » \ s
SL ee } ‘
SS eee j j
; “S \
\ ? rl a
t) ( Nise ‘
=) i e Ne %,
e.° \ \.
e. a
Wiser aN my -
On P a ey)
aN e. e@ 3 \ ® Sg s
Ss ff ) ZF SX
e@> TO e =X Zh
i} aris S og
— eu L 4
= Js ra) AE 0 ae
ae ae © as
e.~ ase ea. SS
Sie < J
oF yoni
4 ee | S
zi la
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i)
A /
Map 36 C) )

@ Episyon conterminus posterus (Fox)
(transcontinental in southern U.S.)

[UCD]. British HonpurRAs: 1 ¢, Augustine Mt. Pine Ridge, July
1963 (CCP) [MCZ]. GuATEMALA: 1 4, Capetillo (GCC)
[BMNH]; 1 ¢, El Salto, Escuintla, 28 June 1934 (FXW) [MCZ];
4 2 2, Moca Guatalon, 1000 meters, Mch., Apr. 1931 (JB) [MCZ];
1 2, Quirigua (W. P. Cockerell) [USNM]. Et SALvaApor: 1 2°,
Sonsonate, 18 Nov. 1954 [USNM]; 1 2, 1 ¢, Quezaltepeque, June,
July 1961, 1963 (M. Irwin) [UCD]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢, San José,
1913 [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Tilaran, Guanacaste Prov., 1000 feet elev., 25
Feb. 1964 (HEE) [MCZ].

Variation. — The color variation noted above appears to bear
little correlation with geography. Females with all the legs rufous
(exactus Cameron) average slightly larger than those with only the
hind legs rufous. I have seen exactus-type females from eastern and
western Texas, Arizona, California, Sonora, Durango, San Luis
Potosi, Nayarit, Morelos, Yucatan, Guatemala, and El Salvador.
Curiously, females of intermediate coloration (middle legs partly
rufous, front legs black) are uncommon; I have seen only one, from
eastern Texas. The presence or absence of a yellowish spot on the
mesoscutum also seems to be little influenced by geography, although
a higher percentage of specimens from the southern parts of the range
have such a spot.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

200 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER. WASPS

Genus AUSTROCHARES Banks

Austrochares Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 423-428 [Type species:
Pompilus gastricus Spinola, original designation].

Generic characters. — Size 7 to 14 mm.; head and thorax black, abdomen
black or ferruginous, maies with or without yellowish maculations on head,
thorax, abdomen, and legs; body with a variable amount of erect hair, pro-
podeum always with a moderate amount of erect hair; body without scale-like
pubescence; abdomen of female with some strong setae ventrally and apically,
but the apical tergite without dense, stiff bristles. Mandibles with one or two
teeth on the inner margin. Labrum protruding slightly from beneath the
clypeus, which is rather convex, apical margin concave or weakly emarginate;
clypeus only slightly if at all wider than LID, its upper margin strongly sinuate.
Malar space present, generally about half as long as the antennal pedicel. Head
only slightly wider than high; front and vertex rather broad, the vertex arched
somewhat above the eye tops; temples well developed and eyes strongly con-
vergent above in the females. Antennae quite elongate, especially in the males,
in this sex slightly crenulate in profile toward the apex. Postnotum a transverse
band which is somewhat arcuately expanded on each side of the midline. Pro-
podeum rather short and with the slope high. Females with a strong tarsal
comb, the spines always longer than the width of the tarsus; apical tarsal seg-
ments with a median row of spines beneath. All claws of both sexes bifid, the
inner ray rather long, truncate or subtruncate apically; last segment of front
tarsus of male slender, unmodified; pulvillar pad very small, the comb weakly
developed. Fore wing with the transverse median and basal veins interstitial;
marginal cell removed from wing tip by about or somewhat more than its own
length; three SMCs present, the third much narrowed above, sometimes trian-
gular; hind wing with the ana! vein arching up to meet the media at or slightly
beyond the origin of the cubitus (fig. 16). Male SGP simple, tapering to a
rounded apex, its median line strongly elevated. Genitalia with the basal hook-
lets double; parameres slender, elongate; digiti somewhat expanded apically,
bearing fairly large setae; aedoeagus simple (fig. 38).

Distribution. — Argentina and Chile through western South
America to southern Mexico.

Included species. — As here defined, this genus includes only the
type species, gastricus Spinola, from Chile and parts of Argentina;
elsinore Banks, from Peru; mexicanus Dreisbach, from Mexico; and
at least one undescribed South American species. The other species
included here by Banks, 1947, belong to an undescribed genus re-
lated to Anoplius and Pompilus.

Remarks. — There can be no question that Austrochares in the
sense of Banks is diphyletic. Austrochares in the restricted sense is

HOWARD E. EVANS 201

closely related to Episyron, Poecilopompilus, and Sericopompilus.
The male genitalia of mexicanus are strikingly similar to those of
gastricus despite the great difference in color between those two spe-
cies; indeed, the genitalia and SGP are very much alike throughout
these four closely related genera.

Austrochares mexicanus Dreisbach, new species

Holotype. — 2? , MEXICO: VERACRUZ: Minatitlan, 26 Aug.-1 Sept.
1961 (RRD) [MSU].

The following description is extracted from an unfinished manu-
script of the late Robert R. Dreisbach, who should be credited with
the discovery and naming of this species. The comments on varia-
tion which follow the description of the type and allotype are mine.

Description of type female. — Length 8.6 mm.; fore wing 7.4 mm. Head
and thorax a shining black; abdomen completely rufous except extreme base of
first tergite; coxae, trochanters, first two pair of femora and tibiae black; first
pair of tarsi very dark rufous; apex of posterior femora and all of posterior
tibiae and tarsi rufous with the apex of tarsal joints slightly darkened; antennae
and mouth parts black, except mandibles in middle are slightly rufous; clypeus
truncate in front, appearing concave by virtue of a black shining hairless rim
over about middle of front; clypeus, face, front, pronotum and mesonotum
densely silvery pubescent in reflected light, rest of thorax only slightly so, short
white hair under head; all coxae silvery pubescent below, with no long hair;
in side view clypeus elevated above face from base to apex; clypeus 2.4 X as
broad as long and about 0.5 of its middle at base extends above the sides of
face, and it does not extend under eyes; antennae about 0.5 X the length of sec-
ond antennal segment above clypeus; lower interocular distance 1.2 X the
upper; head about as long as broad; middle interocular distance 0.58 X the
transfacial; lateral ocelli about 1.25 X as far from eyes as from each other;
pronotum slightly concave behind; dorsal surface of propodeum on a slight
slope, short and forming a steep rounded angle with posterior surface; wings
very dark, actually black, when folded above abdomen; first and second re-
current veins meet second and third cubital cell about apical 0.3 and a little
beyond middle; basal and transverse veins interstitial and in rear wings sub-
discoidal vein is just barely apicad of cubitus; front basitarsi with four very
long comb spines, even the first spine (which is the shortest) as long as second
tarsal segment, all eight spines very long, and not spatulate; the tibiae and
tarsi with many long spines, a row of prominent spines underneath last joint of
posterior tarsi; all claws cleft.

Allotype. —é, same data as type [MSU].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

202 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Description of allotype male. — Length 9.2 mm., fore wing 8.2 mm. Head
with the inner orbits from clypeus to above fore ocellus with broad white
stripes which are indented with black opposite bases of antennae, and the outer
0.33 of width of clypeus also with a wide white band, which covers apical
third of clypeus where the wide band is reduced to a preapical strip about 0.33
as the wide broad band on side which extends across the clypeus; posterior
orbits also white; the posterior edge of pronotum bright yellow, clear across
thorax; a small spot on mesonotum in center just behind tegula, the apical third
of scutellum, the apical dorsal part of postscutellum, a preapical band on
slope of propodeum, extending to the sides, and a spot on the outside just
behind it, light yellow; a faint fuscous band at base of second tergite, a very
broad yellow band on third tergite which reaches the sides, narrower yellowish
band on rest of tergites which do not reach sides, except the 5th and 6th are
all yellowish white dorsally; coxae all black, first two pair femora about apical
0.33 rufous, basal 0.66 blackish, third pair about apical 0.66 rufous; tibiae
blackish at base and tip, rest rufous; tibial spurs white; tarsal segments white
at base, black at apex; tibiae with a white streak on outside; tibiae rufous un-
derneath, blackish underneath; a very prominent ocular-malar space between
the eyes and the mandibles, about the length of the second antennal segment;
the clypeus does not extend under the eyes and it is slightly more than 2.0 X
as wide as long; lower interocular distance about equal to the upper; middle
interocular distance about 0.63 X the transfacial; head 1.1 X as wide as high;
lateral ocelli slightly farther from eyes than from each other; ratio of lengths
of first four antennal segments 40:10:43:43; first antennal joint whitish on in-
side and the mandible whitish on almost its whole length, darkish at tip; eyes
reach vertex and head is very small and thin; the lateral ocelli are located at
the very edge of the line connecting the rear edge of eyes, the ocelli at the rear
edge of vertex and the vertex starts sloping downward right at edge of ocelli;
ratio of length of scutellum, postscutellum, and metapostnotum 60:20:5, these
measurements right in middle, metapostnotum thus very narrow, but the post-
scutellum well developed; fore wings hyaline, except that the apex beyond the
cubital cells is strongly blackened for about 0.75 of their length beyond the
veins, and the cubital cells are also slightly fumose; the first and second recur-
rent veins meet second and third cubital cells beyond the middle at the apical
0.40; the third intercubital vein sloped inward so that the length of marginal
vein on third cubital cell is only 1/11 of its length on cubitus; second cubital
cell almost square; the basal and transverse veins in fore wings practically in-
terstitial, and the discoidal vein in rear wings also practically interstitial; claws
cf legs split; propodeum smooth, no ridges and in a smooth curve to apex; up-
right hair on pronotum and propodeum, body smooth but with very fine dense
pubescence over most of body; subgenital plate with a dorsal flat surface almost
its whole length; genitalia with the parameres hardly wider than a line, curved
inward; parameres and parapenials of equal length, aedeagus slightly shorter,
volsellae the shortest; the aedeagus split into two lobes about apical 0.25 [see
figure 38, drawn by HEE from one of the paratypes].

HOWARD E. EVANS 203

Distribution. — Southern Mexico. (Map 26.)

Paratypes. —1 ¢,4 é 6, same data as type and allotype [MSU,
MCZ].

Additional specimens examined. —2 22, same data as type
series [MSU]. 1 ¢, Curapas: Ixtapa, 11 April 1962 (FDP) [UCD].

Variation. — The females vary in length from 8.5 to 10 mm.
MID varies from .58 to .63 X TFD; OOL exceeds POL slightly (as
5:4) in the Chiapas specimen; the anal and cubital veins of the hind
wing are interstitial in one of the Veracruz specimens. Otherwise
there is little variation worthy of note. The males vary in length
from 7 to 9.2 mm. and show no noteworthy variation in color. The
head varies from 1.05 to 1.10 X as wide as high, MID from .63 to
.66 X TFD. The labrum is well exserted in all the males.

Genus POECILOPOMPILUS Howard

Poecilopompilus Howard, 1901, The Insect Book, pl. V, fig. 1, and Pl. XI, fig.
18 [Type species: Pompilus navus Cresson ( = interruptus interruptus
Say), designated by Ashmead, 1902.].— Ashmead, 1902, Canad.
Ent., 34: 82.— Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 236-253
(revision of U. S. spp.).

Batozonus Howard, 1901, The Insect Book, pl. XI, fig. 24 [Type species:
Pompilus algidus Smith, monobasic; synonym by Evans, 1950]. —
Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 81.

Batazonus Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 221, 224 (error for Bato-
zonus).— Banks, 1947, Buil. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 374-381 (So.
American spp.).

Eubatozonus Haupt, 1950, Explor. Parc Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, Fasc. 69,
pp. 51-52, 54 [Type species: Eubatozonus pulcher Haupt (= flavo-
pictus ventralis Banks), monobasic]. New synonym.

Generic characters. — Size 6-28 mm.; variously patterned with black,
brown, ferruginous, and/or yellow, often resembling species of Polistes; body
without scale-like pubescence; wings with only a slight tendency to fold longi-
tudinally. Head and thorax with a moderate amount of erect hair, propodeum
always hairy; apex of abdomen of female without bristles. Apical three seg-
ments of maxillary palpi each much shorter than third segment. Mandibles
with two small teeth on inner margin in female, one in male. Labrum protrud-
ing somewhat from beneath clypeus, bearing a median slit. Clypeus large,
convex, its upper margin with a strong sinuation on each side. Head of male
unusually wide; inner orbits convergent above in both sexes, in female very
strongly convergent; malar space practically absent. Antennae elongate, seg-
ment three in female more than 5 X as long as thick, subequal to or greater

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

204 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

than UID; male with scape short, not twice as long as its greatest thickness,
outer part of flagellum somewhat crenulate in profile. Pronotum short, its
median line usually faintly impressed; postnotum expanded on each side of the
median line, as in Episyron. Legs strongly spinose; femora with numerous
minute spines; front tibiae spinose above; female with a tarsal comb. Pulvillar
pad small, comb consisting of about 7 weak, diverging setae. Claws of female
dentate or bifid, those of male bifid; apical segment of front tarsus of male un-
modified, the two claws alike. Fore wing with margin cell long, SMC2 and 3
both wide above; hind wing with anal vein reaching median vein well beyond
cubital fork (fig. 17). Abdomen of male in cross-section subtrigonal, the
dorsum rather flat. SGP tectiform, its apex rounded. Genitalia with the basal
hooklets double, aedoeagus somewhat bilobed apically, parameres slender and
elongate.

Distribution. — This genus is restricted to the New World, being
replaced in the Old World by the closely related genus Batozonellus
Arnold. Our species collectively range from southern Canada to
Argentina, including the West Indies.

Included species. — This genus is much in need of a careful re-
vision. All of the species show considerable variation in color pat-
tern, and there are relatively few structural differences between the
species. Eight different entities can be discerned in Mexico and
Central America; these are here treated as five species, two of them
polytypic. In the key which follows, I have attempted to include all
subspecies occurring in continental North and Central America and,
in the case of algidus, the West Indian subspecies.

Key to Species

1. Female: claws of front tarsus bifid, those of middle and hind tarsi den-
tate; eyes very strongly convergent above, UID .50-.55 X LID. Male:
clypeus with its lower margin evenly, convexly rounded; aedoeagus with
a pair of large, flaring apical lobes (@IgidUus) ...........:ccccsccecesseeeeesceeenees 2

Female: all claws dentate; eyes less strongly convergent above, UID at
least .6 X LID. Male: clypeus with its lower margin truncate; aedoe-
agus with narrower and less flaring apical lobes ................:..ssseseeseeee 7

2. Wings dark fuliginous, violaceous; body color deep castaneous to black,
T3 with contrasting orange markings; sides of propodeal declivity
roundly protuberant (eastern U.S.) ............ algidus algidus (Smith) 1°

15 This subspecies does not occur south of Texas. Cresson’s (1869) record of
algidus from Orizaba, Mexico, is surely an error; there are no specimens from this
locality in the ANSP.

HOWARD E. EVANS 205

Wings brownish to orange-yellow, at most weakly violaceous and at least
slightly suffused with yellow; body largely castaneous, or if rather dark
the apical part of the abdomen is contrastingly yellowish; sides of pro-
POGEUMMLESSMStKOM liv PROGUICEOI ceree.cccscaccescecesstceese-cnece ceessetceesereeesencne 3

Abdomen beyond segment one or two almost wholly yellow, contrasting
to the thorax and base of the abdomen ................csscccessscceesseseeceeecenees 4

Abdomen wholly castaneous except basal tergites somewhat darkened api-
cally and T3 often with basal yellowish markings .................c000c0000+ 5)

Wings brownish, rather strongly suffused with yellowish, but not as below;
thorax mostly castaneous, with very limited black markings ..................
Son RRE CO GaSODS SEDO GLEE DOS DECC EEOC HERO SSC DO HEREC OOEE CTE EEOEEERE algidus willistoni (Patton)

Wings flavous or bright yellow-brown, rather uniformly so except outer
margins with a fuscous band; thorax, propodeum, and basal abdominal
segment rather strongly suffused with blackish (western U. S.) ..........
BONe cau Seia'ceutceecocea Neeesun couinesuwastavedeeesesaeai@eeees algidus coquilletti (Provancher )

Yellow maculations of thorax rather extensive, involving part of the meso-
pleura as well as the upper part of the metapleura; propodeum marked
with yellow anterior to the rim; wings rather pale, strongly tinged with
yellowish (West Indies) ..............cccccccceeeees algidus gundlachi (Cresson)

Yellow maculations of thorax not involving mesopleura, sometimes ex-
tending onto metapleura above; propodeum marked with yellow at most
OMPRPOStELLO Te TIN ese eevee see cseeueac cons etoues cs can ese yoaet ss aabievaesaeesucsceceesscabetessess 6

Yellow maculations of thorax and abdomen rather weak, often nearly
absent; propodeum, in lateral profile, rather strongly arching ..............
Bao eke ctu Sa acer su sancti cents suuseitess¥aays Sei ei vignevsenevensasewees algidus marcidus (Smith)

Yellow maculations of thorax and of T3 usually sharply defined and
rather intense; slope of propodeum very low, almost flat behind, sides
of declivity slightly gibbous ..............-.::ssce algidus fervidus (Smith)

Fore wing with marginal cell very long, removed from wing tip by only
about .6 its own length; sides of posterior rim of propodeum forming
a sharp right angle; color dark castaneous to fuscous, yellow markings
VST UTMMICE soe se cnees see ceene can taveevsvesssecsovsedecsssdveesiavsssesossccowsseses badius n. sp.

Fore wing with marginal cell shorter, removed from wing tip by about its
own length, or at most slightly less (fig. 17); sides of posterior rim of
propodeum not sharply angular; color variable, usually more strongly
PORNIIETINEG! TMA BLOWS “cooscceccssacnssaccrocacecesooonandosaoncocootdaooodesoooocssoneacooondhcooon 8

Head, in anterior view, with the vertex straight across or arching weakly
between tops of eyes, the ocelli on or close to the vertex crest; males
with the eyes moderately convergent at top, UID .80-.95 X LID; T1
sloping rather weakly in profile; thoracic pleura often extensively yel-
low, the pubescence so fine that the yellow appears strongly polished;
propodeum commonly yellow, often with a median black band ........ 9

Vertex, in anterior view, more distinctly arched above eye tops, UID in
male .90-1.0 X LID; T1 more strongly convex in profile; thoracic pleura
with limited yellow markings if any, the mesopleura with or without a

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

206

10.

Wile

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

streak or triangle on the lower part, sometimes with a streak above;
pubescence of pleura rather strong; propodeum usually with a trans-
verse yellow band behind, never with a black median band separating
yellowAsidesm (intennupils) meee erent ane eee 10
Meso- and metapleura wholly yellow, mesosternum yellow or in part black,
legs yellow suffused with ferruginous, rarely with limited dark markings
on coxae; slope of propodeum rather strong, color of propodeum vari-
ADE» sacjchcset eke eee ee ee polistoides polistoides (Smith)
Meso- and metapleura with prominent black markings at least along the
sutures, mesosternum wholly black, coxae and usually the femora
streaked with black; propodeum with a median black stripe, its slope
tending to be lower than in polistoides, at least in males ......................++
Be eee or do naan ode Bane osenercecesenceacuadbesbabooodd flavopictus flavopictus (Smith)
Female: front basitarsus with three comb-spines; clypeus with a distinct
though shallow median notch. Male: middle and hind femora black
with a yellow stripe below for most of their length; wings nearly clear
hyaline except for a fuscous band at the apical third of the anterior
part of the fore wing .................::cc008 interruptus dubitatus (Cameron)
Female: front basitarsus with four comb-spines; clypeus truncate apically.
Male: femora without a long yellow streak below; fore wings exten-
sively suffused with yellow-brOWM ..........:.:cesecccsescccsessceessseeeesseeeecseeeeee 11
Thorax almost always with some castaneous or ferruginous parts, some-
times mostly castaneous; mesoscutum rarely wholly black; coxae never
wholly black; abdomen usually conspicuously, broadly banded with yel-
low and fuscous or ferruginous ................ interruptus interruptus (Say)
Thorax predominantly black, mesoscutum black or with some yellow
markings behind and on the sides; coxae black, rarely with a very
small amount of yellow; abdomen mostly yellow, the tergites very nar-
rowly black basally (except sometimes first two) and with some fer-
ruginous markings apically, or wholly blackish or dusky ferruginous ....
saves snalbujuup tule spapemu cag eae aneceenstosaeen aade feueteeataeane te WeaNs corechen aS a epeaereae seas eneteeneete 12
Abdomen mostly yellowish; head and thorax liberally marked with yellow,
propodeum almost always with a transverse yellow band; wings in large
part rather bright yellowish-brown (Central valley of California) ........
i Dispcibety cas ceuass eas eneseoee Cecnee teneeten Stree eee ee interruptus semiflavus n. subsp.
Abdomen dusky ferruginous or more or less fuscous, without yellow mark-
ings; propodeum usually without a yellow band, only the posterior rim
in part yellow; wings darker, strongly suffused with brownish (North-
eastern U. S. & eastern Canada) .............. interruptus cressoni (Banks)

Poecilopompilus algidus marcidus (Smith)

Pompilus marcidus Smith, 1862, Jour. Ent., 1: 395 [Type: 2, MExICO: VERA-

CRUZ: Orizaba (BMNH, no. 19, 587)].— Cresson, 1867, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 110.— Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.

HOWARD E. EVANS 207

Hist., 12: 371.— Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II,
p. 211.

Pompilus pygidialis Kohl, 1886, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 36: 314, 334
[Lectotype: 2, MExIco: MorELOs: Cuernavaca (Bilimek) (? Vienna
Mus.)]. New synonym.

Batozonus marcidus Bradley, 1944, Notulae Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., no.
145, p. 10.

Poecilopompilus algidus marcidus Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75:
243-245 (in part).

This form intergrades with the North American algidus Smith
in Texas and is barely distinguishable from fervidus Smith of Pan-
ama and South America. I have not seen the type of pygidialis,
which was described from specimens from Cuba, Buenos Aires, and
Mexico. To avoid future confusion, the Mexican specimen is here
designated lectotype.

Female. — Length 17-22 mm. Entire body castaneous, frequently with
dull yellowish markings on posterior margin of pronotum, center of metanotum,
and sides of posterior rim of propodeum; basal tergites with rather dark pos-
terior margins, T2 occasionally with indistinct yellowish markings at base; api-
cal 6 or 7 segments of antennae blackish; often with some blackish in ocellar
triangle, along sutures of thorax, or at joints of tarsi. Wings wholly brownish,
fore wing often paler toward the apex than basally, often somewhat tinged
with luteous. Body pubescence pale, brownish-golden, erect setae also pale.
Clypeus 2.2-2.3 XK as wide as high, its apical margin truncate. Head broad,
TFD 1.12-1.18 X VED; vertex raised in an even arc above eye tops. MID
.52-.57 X TFD; UID .50-.55 X LID; antennal segment three 1.3-1.5 X UID;
POL:OOL=5:4. Posterior margin of pronotum broadly angulate. Postno-
tum largely concealed on the mid-dorsal line. Propodeum sloping rather
evenly, not notably protuberant on the sides. Front basitarsus with three
comb-spines, the apical one subequal in length to second tarsal segment. Claws
of front tarsus bifid, inner ray subtruncate, remaining claws dentate. Fore
wing with marginal cell removed from wing tip by slightly less than its own
length; SMC3 about as wide as, or wider than second, more strongly narrowed
above than second.

Male. — Length 12-17 mm. Body color like that of female, but tending
to be slightly more extensively marked with black and yellow; ocellar triangle
black, the black extending downward, sometimes reaching bases of antennae;
anterior margin of mesoscutum, postnotum, and various sutures on thorax often
marked with black; lower front, outer orbits, pronotal margin, center of meta-
notum, rim of propodeum, and tegulae often yellowish; abdomen as in female;
apical several segments of antennae infuscated, but extreme tip pale. Color of
wings and of pubescence and erect hair as in female. Clypeus 2.1-2.3 X as

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

208 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

wide as high, its apical margin rounded. Head 1.2-1.35 X as wide as high;
vertex evenly arched above eye tops; eyes very broad. MID .52-.57 X TED;
UID .85-.90 X LID: POL slightly less than OOL. Third antennal segment
equal to slightly over half UID. Propodeal slope rather even, its sides barely
protuberant. Longer spur of hind tibia .6 the length of the basitarsus. Geni-
talia with the parameres very slender throughout, the aedoegus with two large,
flaring apical lobes (as figured for a. algidus by Evans, 1950, fig. 43).

Distribution. — Available specimens of this form range from
Nicaragua to Nayarit, San Luis Potosi, and southern Texas. Inter-
grades with the very similar fervidus should be looked for in Costa
Rica and adjacent countries. (Map 37.)

Specimens examined. —16 22, 12 64. NICARAGUA: 1 98,
Slope Volcan Cosiguina, 6 July 1932 (M. Willows) [CAS]. MExico:
1 2 (no further data) [ANSP]. VERACRUZ: 1 2, Orizaba [BMNH];
1 é, Minatitlan, 26 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]. More.Los: 1 2,
Cuernavaca, 21 Oct. 1922 (E. G. Smyth) [USNM]; 2 ¢ 6, Canyon
de Lobos, nr. Yautepec, 4000 feet, 25 May 1959 (HEE) [CU,
MCZ]; 1 ¢, Alpuyeca, 3 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. GUERRERO:
1 2, Rincon, 2800 feet, Oct: (HHS) [BHNH]; 1 ¢, 6 mi. N Taxco,
5500 feet, 19 June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. Jatisco: 2 22,2 4 4,
Guadalajara, July, Sept. (HEE, RRD) [CU, MCZ, MSU]; 3 2 2,
8 mi. S Guadalajara, Sept. 1954 (FXW) [CAS]; 2 ¢ 2, San Juan
Lagos, 27 July 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS]. Nayarir: I 9,
2 66, Ahuacatlan, 18-22 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. SAN Luis
Potosi: 1 ¢, 5 mi. E Ciudad del Maiz, 4700 feet, 22 Aug. 1954
[KU]. TExAs: 2 6 ¢, Port Isabel, Cameron Co., 23-27 June 1956
(HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢@, 1 4, Bexar Co. (H. B. Parks) [MCZ]; 1 9°,
Kingsville (C. T. Reed) [MCZ].

Variation. — The two males from Cameron Co., Texas, have the
wings unusually dark, somewhat violaceous, perhaps indicating an
introgression of genes from a. algidus, although in all other respects
they are typical marcidus. Similarly, the two females from San Juan
Lagos, Jalisco, and to a lesser extent those from Guadalajara, have
the wings rather pale and luteous, much as in willistoni, but the ab-
domen is not colored as in that form. A broad band of intergrada-
tion may be found to occur between each of the subspecies.

HOWARD E. EVANS 209

Map 37
@ Poecilopompilus algidus marcidus (Smith) “SS @ {
© Poecilopompilus a. willistoni (Patton) ‘ he i
(ranges north to S. Dakota) j TNA J? es ie
A Poecilopompilus a. fervidus (Smith) A Ct

(also throughout northern S America) es Kd

Poecilopompilus algidus willistoni (Patton)

Pompilus willistoni Patton, 1879, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, 5: 352 [Type: 2,
Kansas: Northwestern part, 8 Sept. 1877 (S. W. Williston) (no
longer extant) ].

Poecilopompilus algidus marcidus Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75:
243-245 (in part).

Although I placed willistoni in the synonymy of marcidus in
1950, it now seems to me desirable to employ Patton’s name to ap-
ply to the rather characteristically colored population inhabiting the
western Great Plains and the northwestern parts of Mexico. This
subspecies is intermediate in color between marcidus and coquilletti
and its range is interposed between that of those two forms.

Female. — Length 16-21 mm. Body predominantly castaneous, as in
marcidus, but yellow maculations more extensive; clypeus and lower front
suffused with yellowish, also outer orbits to some extent; collar and posterior
pronotal margin marked with yellow, also center of metanotum and often part
of scutellum; sides of posterior rim of propodeum yellow; tibiae streaked with
yellow, and tarsi mostly yellowish; T3-5, and often much of 2 and 6, largely
yellowish, except the tergites tending to have darker apical bands; last few
segments of antennae blackish, front with some black in ocellar triangle, some-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

210 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER .WASPS

times also in center of front and along clypeo-frontal suture, thorax often also
suffused with blackish in small part, especially along the sutures. Wings brown-
ish, occasionally weakly violaceous, strongly suffused with yellowish at least
along costal margin of fore wing, often more extensively, but never as brilli-
antly or extensively orange-yellow as in coquilletti. Head measurements as in
marcidus. Propodeum sloping rather evenly, not or barely produced latero-
posteriorly. Other features as described for marcidus.

Male. — Length 11-16 mm. Color similar to that of female, abdomen
largely yellowish beyond segment two (sometimes segment one) but the seg-
ments margined apically with castaneous; black markings somewhat more ex-
tensive than in female, the black in the ocellar triangle extending down to an-
tennal sockets as a pair of streaks, usually confluent below thorax and leg-
bases suffused with a variable amount of black, especially along sutures, meso-
sternum mostly or wholly black. Wing color as in female. Head measure-
ments within the ranges of variation expressed for marcidus; POL often con-
siderably less than OOL. Propodeum at most slightly, roundly swollen pos-
terolaterally.

Distribution. — Baja California and Durango north through Ari-
zona and New Mexico to Colorado and South Dakota. The records
of marcidus from the United States (except those from Texas) pre-
sented by Evans (1950) apply to willistoni. Since 1950, I have col-
lected specimens in Scott Co. and Kearny Co., in western Kansas,
agreeing closely with Patton’s description. East of about the 100
meridian this form is replaced by typical algidus. (Map 37.)

Mexican specimens examined. —1 2, 5 64. BAJA CALI-
FORNIA: 1 8, La Paz, 9 Oct. 1955 (FXW) [CAS]. DurAnco: 2
é 6, Nombre de Dios, 6 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. CHIHUAHUA:
1 2,1 6, 18 mi. W Jimenez, 10 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢,
18 mi. W Chihuahua, 12 Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS].

Poecilopompilus algidus fervidus (Smith)

Pompilus fervidus Smith, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4)11: 441 [Type: &
Brazi_: Para (Bates) (? BMNH)]. — Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 49: 246 (Brazil).

Pompilus pygidialis Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 210
(Panama; not pygidialis Kohl).

Batazonus marcidus Banks, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67: 338 (Panama;
not marcidus Smith).

Batazonus fervidus Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 111 (Br. Guiana). — Banks,
1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 376 (Br. Guiana, Brazil, Para-
guay, Ecuador, Argentina).

HOWARD E. EVANS AA il

Female. — Length 15-20 mm. Body mostly castaneous, with yellow mark-
ings generally brighter than in marcidus, present on collar, posterior margin of
pronotum, center of metanotum, sides of propodeal rim, and paired spots at
base of T3 (sometimes concealed); apical several segments of antennae black,
center of ocellar triangle sometimes black, thorax with a limited and variable
amount of black, chiefly along the sutures and ventrally, basal abdominal ter-
gites with dark apical margins and first tergite black at extreme base. Wings
brownish, occasionally weakly violaceous, with a strong yellowish tinge. Body
structure and measurements as described for marcidus, but the slope of the
propodeum lower, in fact very weak in profile, sides of the slope somewhat
prominent.

Male. — Length 10.5-15 mm. Color like that of female, but tending to
be more extensively marked with black and yellow; sides of lower front and
clypeus, and outer orbits, suffused with yellowish, black in ocellar triangle
giving rise to a pair of black streaks which usually do not reach the antennal
sockets; yellow on metanotum often extending onto sides of scutellum and
upper part of metapleura; antennae dark apically, but tip of apical segment
pale. Wings as in female but tending to be slightly paler. Measurements and
structural details, including genitalia, as in marcidus, except propodeal slope
very low, very weakly arching in profile.

Distribution. — This subspecies ranges over the greater part of
South America. Specimens from Argentina show no noteworthy dif-
ferences from those from Panama. (Map 37.)

Central American specimens examined. —4 22,3 66. PAN-
AMA: | ?, Bugaba (GCC) [BMNH]; 1 ¢, 3 ¢ 4, Balboa, Jan.,
June, Nov. (T. Hallinan) [AMNH, MCZ]; 1 2, Ancon, Canal Zone,
4 Aug. 1924 (NB) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Barro Colorado Isl., Canal Zone,
18 Mch. 1952 (CWR) [KSU].

Poecilopompilus badius new species

Holotype. —°, PANAMA: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone,
31 July 1956 (CWR) [KU].

This striking species is known to me from only four specimens.
The claws are dentate throughout and the marginal cell of the fore
wing unusually large and acute, characters which are shared with
decedens (Smith) from northern South America. However, that
species is very differently colored, slightly larger, and has the slope
of T1 considerably stronger.

Description of type female. — Length 14 mm.; fore wing 13.5 mm. Body
deep fusco-castaneous, the abdomen almost black; inner orbits with a small

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

DNA, MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

yellow streak, lateral angles of posterior rim of propodeum and a streak on the
upper side of the hind coxae yellow; vertex, temples, and upper part of meso-
pleura lighter castaneous than remainder of head and thorax; coxae fuscous,
streaked with pale castaneous; femora fuscous, streaked with pale castaneous
above; tibiae and tarsi fusco-castaneous except front legs slightly paler than the
others; basal two antennal segments brownish-fuscous, third segment fuscous
above, below pale rufo-castaneous like following several segments in their en-
tirety, apical six segments weakly infuscated. Fore wing strongly suffused with
light brown basally and on the anterior half, posterior apical portion more
weakly suffused with brown; hind wings subhyaline. Body pubescence wholly
light, fine but quite conspicuous over entire body; body setae rather short, those
on the propodeum and coxae rather pale. Clypeus 2.2 X as wide as high, its
apical margin truncate. Head 1.10 X as wide as high; MID .55 X TFD, .83
X HE; UID .63 X LID; antennal segment three 1.20 X UID. Ocelli in a flat
triangle, POL and OOL subequal; vertex forming an even arc above eye tops.
Pronotum short, its posterior margin angulate. Postnotum broadly concealed
on mid-dorsal line. Propodeum sloping rather strongly and evenly from front
to rear, declivity not well-defined nor its sides protuberant; corners of posterior
rim strongly angulate. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, the apical one
.8 as long as second tarsal segment, but without other strong spines. All tarsal
claws dentate. Longer spur ‘of hind tibia .55 X as long as hind basitarsus.
Fore wing with marginal cell removed from wing tip by only .62 X its own
length, strongly pointed apically; SMC3 1.2 X as long as second, but more
strongly narrowed above; basal and transverse median veins interstitial; hind
wing with anal vein reaching media a short distance beyond cubital fork. First
abdominal tergite with its slope rather low and even, about as in polistoides,
the slope considerably less strong than in algidus or interruptus and their sub-
species.

Distribution. — Costa Rica to Ecuador. (Map 34.)

Paratypes. — PANAMA: 1 2, same data as type except 17 March
1963 [USNM]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢, Golfito, 29 July 1957 (Truxal
and Menke) [LACM]. EcuaApor: 1 2, 60 mi. S Guayaquil, Apr.
1963 (L. Pena) [MCZ].

Variation. — The Barro Colorado paratype resembles the type
closely in size and in standard measurements. However, it is in part
somewhat paler in color; the greater part of the front is nearly black,
but the occiput and vertex crest are light castaneous, and there are
castaneous markings as a pair of streaks on the mesoscutum, on the
sides of the scutellum, and on the upper part of the propodeum. The
Costa Rica paratype is considerably larger (length 17.5 mm., fore
wing 17 mm.). It is slightly darker than the type, the greater part
of the thorax and propodeum being a very deep shade of brown,

HOWARD E. EVANS DAB)

almost piceous. In this specimen MID is .53 X TFD, UID .60 X
LID, antennal segment three 1.30 X UID, POL very slightly greater
than OOL. The Ecuador specimen is similarly colored and has
identical standard measurements except that antennal segment three
measures only 1.25 X UID; this is the largest of the four specimens
(length 20 mm., fore wing 18 mm.).

Poecilopompilus polistoides polistoides (Smith)

Pompilus polistoides Smith, 1855, Cat. Hymen. Brit. Mus., 3: 152 [Type: ?
BraziL: Para (BMNH, no. 19, 570)]. — Belt, 1874, The Naturalist
in Nicaragua, pp. 133-134 (Nicaragua). — Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 49: 250 (Brazil).

Batazonus polistoides Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 111 (Br. Guiana). — 1947,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 377-378 (Colombia, Venezuela, Br.
Guiana, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia).

Batazonus inornatus Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venez., 4: 99-100 [Type: 2, Co-
LOMBIA: Rio Frio, Magdalena, 13 July 1927 (G. Salt) (MCZ, no.
26, 603) ].— Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 381. New
synonym.

Poecilopompilus polistoides Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 237.

This form occurs over much of northern South America, but
enters southern Central America only sparingly. It is possible that
Belt’s record applies to flavopictus; there is a specimen of flavopictus
in the British Museum collected by Belt in Nicaragua, but none of
polistoides. P. polistoides apicalis (Banks) (new status) occurs in
Paraguay.

Female. — Length 9-15 mm. Body yellow, markings as follows: ocellar
triangle black, with a pair of black stripes extending down the front, rarely
reaching the antennal sockets, black of ocellar area extending laterad to tops
of eyes, medially weakly if at all connected with the occiput, which varies
from ferruginous to black; pronotum often with a small amount of black or
ferruginous medio-anteriorly; mesoscutum with three longitudinal black stripes,
sometimes in part ferruginous; center of scutellum black and/or ferruginous;
propodeum sometimes blackish at base, sometimes with a dark median stripe,
occasionally extensively blackish; mesosternum sometimes in part black, coxae
and femora rarely with a small amount of black, but lateral aspect of thorax
almost wholly yellow, legs mostly yellow, with a variable amount of ferrugi-
nous; abdomen annulated with yellow and pale ferruginous; scape yellow,
flagellum pale ferruginous, somewhat infuscated apically and often also basally.
Wings subhyaline, anterior half of fore wing brownish. Pubescence very fine

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

214 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

and pale, such that the yellow parts of the integument appear very smooth
and polished. Clypeus about twice as wide as its median length, apical mar-
gin shallowly notched medially. Head 1.10-1.15 X as wide as high; MID .60-
.64 X TFD; UID .62-.68 X LID; POL subequal to or slightly greater than
OOL. Antennal segment three 1.05-1.25 X UID. Pronotum subangulate be-
hind, with a median line; postnotum narrowly concealed on the mid-dorsal
line; propodeum sloping strongly, about as in interruptus. Front basitarsus
with three comb-spines, the apical one about half as long as second tarsal seg-
ment, also with a strong spine below the comb-spines. Wings as in the follow-
ing species. Slope of T1 very low, about as in flavopictus.

Male. — Length 7.5-12.5 mm. Color pattern in general similar to that of
female; black markings on upper front and vertex prominent, usually connected
with the black of the occiput by a median streak; pronotum often with some
black or ferruginous toward the sides as well as medially, thorax, propodeum,
and legs otherwise as described for female; abdomen annulated with yellow
and ferruginous, sometimes mostly dark apically; scape yellow, flagellum fer-
ruginous, dusky on upper side. Wings subhyaline, anterior half of fore wing
lightly tinged with brownish or yellowish-brown. Pubescence very fine and
pale, as in female, yellow parts of integument appearing highly polished. Cly-
peus about 1.9 X as wide as high, its apical margin truncate. Head 1.15-1.25
X as wide as high; UID .80-.90 X LID; POL and OOL subequal; vertex pas-
sing nearly straight across between eye tops, except ocellar triangle very slightly
elevated. Features of thorax as in female; longer spur of hind tibia .73-.80 X
length of hind basitarsus. Abdomen slender basally, T1 sloping weakly in
lateral view, often barely sloping at all. Genitalia not differing noticeably
from those of flavopictus and interruptus.

Distribution. — South America north of Paraguay and Bolivia,
including Trinidad; Central America north to Costa Rica (? Nicar-
agua). (Map 34.)

Central American specimens examined. —1 8. COSTA RICA:
1 é, Pacuare, 7 July 1949 (KWC) [USNM].

Poecilopompilus flavopictus flavopictus (Smith)

Pompilus flavopictus Smith, 1862, Jour. Ent., 1: 396 [Type: 9, MEXICO (no
further data) (BMNH, no. 19, 567) ]. — Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 1: 97. — Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 12:
370 (Orizaba, Mexico). — Smith, 1879, Descr. N. Sp. Hymen. Brit.
Mus., p. 156 (Cache, Costa Rica). — Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-
Amer., Hymen. II, p. 210, pl. XI, fig. 27 (Guerrero to Panama).

Batazonus flavopictus Banks, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67: 388 (Panama).
— Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 378 (Colombia, Suri-
nam).

HOWARD E. EVANS PALS)

Poecilopompilus flavopictus Bradley, 1944, Notulae Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
no. 145, p. 10.

Poecilopompilus interruptus flavopictus Evans, 1951, U. S. Dept. Agri., Monogr.
2, p. 927 (Cameron Co., Tex.). — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., 77: 314.

Although this relatively common Central American wasp is closely
related to interruptus, I no longer regard it as subspecies of that spe-
cies, as the range overlaps that of interruptus dubitatus to some ex-
tent, with no evidence of intergradation. P. flavopictus ventralis
(Banks) (new status) (=pulcher Haupt, new synonym) occurs in
Brazil. Several West Indian forms (mundiformis Rohwer, hookeri
Rohwer, and possibly mundus Cresson) are at most subspecifically
distinct from flavopictus.

Female. — Length 8-17 mm. Body color yellow, with a rather variable
amount of black as follows: base of clypeus, a pair of stripes from the an-
tennal sockets to the ocellar triangle, the latter black and sending stripes to
the tops of the eyes and a median stripe to the occiput, which is also black;
pronotum with black on anterior slope, mesoscutum black except for a pair of
broad yellow stripes, disc of scutellum black, propodeal disc black basally and
to a variable extent laterally and behind, with a median black stripe which is
nearly always complete, mesopleura narrowly or fairly broadly black along
sutures, sometimes wholly black except for a yellow streak below and above
the transverse suture, metapleura varying from mostly yellow to entirely black,
mesosternum wholly black; coxae variously patterned with black and yellow,
the femora sometimes in part black; basal four or five tergites with broad api-
cal bands which vary from dusky ferruginous to black; legs often partly, some-
times almost wholly ferruginous, the pronotum rarely with some ferruginous
markings; scape yellow below, usually black above, antennae otherwise fer-
Tuginous except segments two and three usually black above, apical six or seven
segments dusky above. Fore wings varying from subhyaline to light brownish,
anterior half always strongly suffused with yellowish-brown; hind wings weakly
tinged with yellowish-brown. Body pubescence very pale and inconspicuous,
such that the yellow parts of the pleura appear strongly polished. Clypeus
convex, its apical margin with a weak median emargination, measuring 2.0-2.2
X as wide as its median length. Head 1.10-1.18 X as wide as high; MID .58-
.64 X TED; UID .62-.75 X LID. POL subequal to or slightly greater or less
than OOL. Antennal segment three varying from .83 (in very small speci-
mens) to 1.25 X UID. Vertex passing straight across at eye tops or arched
very weakly. Pronotum subangulate to subarcuate behind; postnotum narrowly
concealed or nearly concealed on the mid-dorsal line; propodeum sloping
roundly and evenly, the corners of the posterior rim weakly angular. Front
basitarsus with three short comb-spines, the apical one not more than half as

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

216 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

long as second tarsal segment, basitarsus also with some additional strong
spines below the comb-spines. All claws dentate. Fore wing with marginal
cell removed from wing tip by approximately its own length; SMC3 subequal
in length to or shorter than SMC2 (fig. 17). Slope of T1 very low.

Male. — Length 7-13 mm. Body color in general very similar to that of
female, including a similar pattern of black and yellow on head, mesoscutum,
propodeum, and pleura; basal three to six abdominal tergites with broad api-
cal bands, usually more or less fuscous; legs as in female except femora more
often streaked with black; antennal scape yellow, sometimes black above, fla-
gellum orange-brown, somewhat dusky on upper side. Wings subhyaline or
lightly tinged with brown, anterior half of fore wing strongly suffused with
yellowish-brown. Pubescence inconspicuous, as in female, yellow parts of
thorax appearing strongly polished. Head about 1.2 X as wide as high; apical
margin of clypeus truncate. UID .80-.95 X LID; POL slightly less than OOL
in most specimens; vertex nearly straight, but slightly elevated at the ocellar
triangle. Pronotum and postnotum as in female; slope of propodeum low
and even, corners of posterior rim weakly subangulate. Longer spur of hind
tibia about .8 X as long as hind basitarsus. Abdomen slender basally, the first
tergite sloping but weakly in lateral profile. Genitalia not differing in any
noticeable way from those of interruptus, as figured by Evans, 1950, fig. 44.

Distribution. — Surinam and Colombia north through Central
America to Jalisco and to extreme southern Texas. (Map 38.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 108 2 2,
121 66. PANAMA: 4 2 2, 16 ¢ 6, Barro Colorado Isl., Canal
Zone, Mch.-Aug. [MCZ, KSU, KU]; 1 2, Ancon, Canal Zone, Aug.
(NB) [MCZ]; 1 2, Corozal, Canal Zone, Jan. (C. H. Curran)
[AMNH]; 1 ¢, Culebra-Arrijan Trail, Canal Zone, Dec. (T. Halli-
nan) [AMNH]; 1 2, El Valle, Cocle Prov., May (G. B. Fairchild)
[MCZ]; 1 2, 1 4, Cerro Azul, 1000 feet, 18 Sept. 1945 (CDM)
[KU]; 7 2° 2, 4 66, Bugaba (GCC) [BMNH]; 1 ¢, Volcan de
Chiriqui, 2-3000 feet (GCC) [BMNH]. Costa Rica: 3 2 ?, Gol-
fito, July, Aug. (AM) [LACM]; 1 ¢?, Esquinas, nr. Golfito (P. &
D. Allen) [MCZ]; 6 2 2, Palmar (P. & D. Allen) [MCZ, USNM];
1 2, Orotina, 1 May 1924 (J. C. Bradley) [CU]; 1 ¢, Monteverde,
1400 meters, 17 Feb. 1963 [KSU]; 1 2, nr. S Isidro, 5 May 1944
(Schrader) [USNM]; 2 ¢ ¢, Los Diamantes (KWC) [USNM]; 1 2,
2 6 6, Pacuare [USNM]; 8 2 2,6 2 6, Turrialba (KWC) [USNM];
1 2,1 8, Cache (H. Rogers) [BMNH]; 1 ¢, 12 mi. SW Canas,
Guanacaste Prov., 27 Feb. 1964 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, San José, May
1923 (F. Tristan) [ANSP]. Nicaracua: 1 2, Chontales (T. Belt)

HOWARD E. EVANS 217

[BMNH]. Honpuras: 1 2, Tegucigalpa, 2 July 1949 [UCD]; 1 2,
Rosario, San Juancito Mts., 5150 feet, 31 July 1930 [ANSP]; 1 ¢,
nr. San Marcos de Colon, 8 Sept. 1963 (CCP) [MCZ]. EL SALva-
Dor: 1 ¢, San Salvador (KWC) [USNM]; 1 2, La Cuba, Nov.
(K. A. Salman) [USNM]; 1 ¢, 2 mi. E Quezaltepeque, 24 July 1961
(M. Irwin) [UCD]. GUATEMALA: 1 2,1 ¢, Yepocapa, May, Aug.
(H. T. Dalmat) [USNM]; 2 ¢ 6, Guatemala City, Mch. (C. N.
Ainslie) [USNM]; 2 ¢ é, Concepcion, 1400 feet, Mch. 1932 (Ains-
lie) [USNM]; 1 ¢, Antigua, 17 June 1923 (E. G. Smyth) [USNM];
1 é, Guazacapan, 11 Aug. 1952 (RHP) [MCZ]; 1 2, Cerro Zunil,
4000 feet (GCC) [BMNH]; 1 2, Quirigua (JB) [MCZ]; 2 ¢¢,1
8, El Salto, Esquintla, June 1934 (FXW) [MCZ]; 1 2,1 8, Moca
Guatalon, 1000 meters, Mch. 1931 (JB) [MCZ]; 2 ¢2,1 ¢ (no
further data) [MCZ]; 1 2, Variedades, Such., 500 feet, 26 Aug. 1947
(C. & P. Vaurie) [AMNH]. British HonpurRAs: 2 2? 2, Humming-
bird Hwy., Stann Cr. Dist., 8 July 1963 (CCP) [MCZ]. Mexico:
4 2 2 (no further data) [ANSP]. Cutapas: 1 2,17 4 4, Suchiapa,
18 Aug. 1957 (PDH) [CIS, MCZ]; 1 ¢, Revolution, 9 mi. E Buena
Vista, 23 Mch. 1953 (EIS) [CIS]; 2 ¢ 6, 4 mi. SE Soyalo, 15 Mch.
1953 (EIS) [CIS]. Oaxaca: 1 ¢, Donaji, 17 Apr. 1953 (EIS)
[CIS]. GuERRERO: 1 é, Xucumanatlan, 7000 feet, July (HHS)
[BMNH];1 ¢,3 mi. N Taxco, 1 June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. JALisco:
1 6, 1 mi. SE La Resolana, 20 Nov. 1950 (RFS) [AMNH]. Mor-
ELOS: 2 6 6, Canyon de Lobos, nr. Yautepec, 25 May 1959, 4000
feet (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 ¢°, Huajintlan, 22 Aug. 1958 (RRD)
[MSU]; 2 2 2°, Tepoztlan, 26 Sept. 1951 (RRD) [MSU]. Yucatan:
3 66, No. part (Gaumer) [BMNH]. VeERAcRuZ: 1 ¢, Cotaxtla,
12 Apr. 1956 (A. Ortega) [ENAC]; 5 2° 2, 2 8 8, Fortin de las
Flores, 14-21 Sept. 1954 (FXW) [CAS]; 1 ¢, Poza Rica, 2 Aug.
1955 (P. & C. Vaurie) [AMNH]; 1 2, Cerro Blanco, 4 June 1961
(FPM) [ENAC]; 27 2 2, 37 4 6, Minatitlan, 26 Aug.-1 Sept. 1961
(RRD) [MSU]; 1 2, Jalapa, 6 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]; 6 ¢ 2,
8 64, Acayucan, 23 Oct. 1957 (RRD) [MSU]; 5 4 2, Orizaba,
12 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]; 1 ¢, Santiago Tuxtla, 11 Aug. 1956
(RRD) [MSU]. San Luis Potosi: 1 2, 5 mi. E Ciudad del Maiz,
4700 feet, 22 Aug. 1954 [KU]; 1 ¢, Valles, 29 Aug. 1956 (RRD)
[RRD]; 1 ¢, Xilitla, 23 July 1954 (RRD) [MSU].

MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 20

218 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER. WASPS

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Variation. — It is impossible to analyze all the subtleties of varia-
tion in color in this species. Suffice it to say that the variation is
often considerable in series from one locality, and that specimens
from Colombia show no constant differences from those from Mexico.
Most specimens can be distinguished with ease from specimens of
the sympatric p. polistoides and interruptus dubitatus by the charac-
ters emphasized in the key.

Poecilopompilus interruptus interruptus (Say)

Ceropales interrupta Say, 1835, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., 1: 365 [Type: 4,
INDIANA (no longer extant) ].

Pompilus navus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 105 [Type: 2,
GeEorGIA (ANSP, no. 426) ].

Pompilus interruptus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 4: 203 (Texas).

Pompilus ichneumoniformis Patton, 1879, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, 5: 351
[Type: 2, Kansas, Northwestern part (S. W. Williston) (no longer
extant) ]. Preoccupied by Smith, 1864. Synonymy by Banks, 1944.

Pompilus ichneumonoides Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., 8: 295 (new name
for ichneumoniformis).

Poecilopompilus navus Howard, 1901, The Insect Book., pl. XI, fig. 18. —
Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 82.

HOWARD E. EVANS 219

Batazonus interruptus Banks, 1912, Ent. News, 23: 108.— Dreisbach, 1949,
Ent. Amer., (n.s.) 29: 38, pl. III, fig. 12.

Poecilopompilus interruptus interruptus Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
75: 247-251.

This is a common spider wasp over much of the United States,
especially the southern half, as well as in northern Mexico. The
melanic forms cressoni Banks and semiflavus new subspecies (de-
scribed below from California) show no structural differences from
typical interruptus, but the Central American and southern Mexican
subspecies dubitatus is distinctive both in color and in structure.

Female. — Length 11-18 mm. Body color varying from pale ferruginous
to fusco-ferruginous, often in part black, with liberal yellow markings; inner
and outer orbits marked with yellow, upper front, vertex, and occiput some-
times black; pronotal collar and posterior margin broadly yellow, sides of pro-
notum sometimes marked with yellow, most of disc ferruginous, often suffused
with black; mesoscutum ferruginous and/or black, marked with yellow pos-
teriorly, the yellow often extended forward as a pair of incomplete discal
stripes; sides of scutellum and central part of metanotum yellow; propodeum
ferruginous and/or black, posterior slope with transverse yellow band or mostly
yellow, sides of posterior rim also yellow; metapleura usually blotched with
yellow above and below, mesopleura with a subtriangular yellow spot below;
coxae ferruginous to black, nearly always marked with yellow at least in small
part; trochanters and femora sometimes in part black, legs otherwise mostly
ferruginous, tibiae streaked with yellow and tarsal segments broadly annulated
with yellow; abdomen ferruginous to more or less fuscous, tergites with narrow
to broad basal yellow bands; antennae ferruginous, apical several segments
fuscous. Fore wings subhyaline to rather heavily infuscated, always suffused
with yellowish at least along the costal margin, often over much of the wing,
apical margin of both fore and hind wings with a fuscous band. Body pubes-
cence pale, in general somewhat more conspicuous than in the preceding two
species. Clypeus truncate or very weakly concave apically. MID .60-.64 X
TFD; UID .65-.72 X LID; antennal segment three subequal to or slightly
greater than UID. Vertex elevated in an even arc above eye tops, ocelli situ-
ated below top of vertex, in a broad triangle; POL:OOL about as 4:3. Pro-
notum short, subangulate behind; propodeum sloping rather strongly, some-
what steepened behind, its posterior rim strong, weakly angulate laterally.
Front basitarsus with four comb-spines, the apical one .5-.7 X the length of
the second tarsal segment, also with one or two strong spines below the comb-
spines. Marginal cell of fore wing removed from wing tip by about its own
length; SMC3 usually not as wide as second, considerably narrowed above.
T1 strongly convex in profile, its anterior face almost vertical.

Male. — Length 8-15 mm. Color pattern similar to that of female, but

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

220 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

yellow and black markings often more extensive; upper front and vertex in
considerable part black or ferruginous; yellow markings of thorax as in female,
but often covering a greater area; mesoscutum sometimes with incomplete or
complete paired yellow stripes; propodeum almost always with a transverse
yellow band on the posterior slope; coxae variegated with yellow and fer-
ruginous and/or black; femora ferruginous and/or black, without yellow mark-
ings except sometimes an apical spot; abdomen banded much as in female,
the yellow bands usually narrower than the ferruginous or fuscous bands, ab-
domen occasionally nearly unicolorous dull ferruginous or fuscous; scape yel-
lowish, flagellum ferruginous, usually somewhat dusky on upper side. Wing
color much as in female, always with a strong tinge of yellowish-brown, the
apical margin fuscous. Clypeus about twice as broad as high, its apical mar-
gin truncate. Head very wide, 1.2-1.3 X as wide as high; eyes wide, MID
only .59-.62 X TFD. UID .90-1.0 X LID; ocelli in a flat triangle, POL sub-
equal to or slightly less than OOL; vertex elevated in a slight arc above eye
tops, more strongly humped at the ocellar triangle. Slope of propodeum strong,
steepened behind; posterior rim very prominent, its sides subangulate. Longer
spur of hind tibia .75 X length of basitarsus. T1 sloping strongly. Genitalia
as figured by Evans, 1950, fig. 44.

Distribution. — Transcontinental in the southern part of the
United States, north to New Jersey, Ontario, Michigan, South Dakota,
Utah, and southern California. In Mexico this form is largely con-
fined to the central plateau, south to Jalisco and Morelos, in these
two states and in parts of Veracruz intergrading with interruptus
dubitatus (Cameron) (see that subspecies for listing and discussion
of intergrades). A single typical male of i. interruptus has been
taken in Chiapas. In northeastern United States a mostly black sub-
species, cressoni (Banks), occurs, while in the central valley of Cali-
fornia a dark form with a mostly yellow abdomen occurs, described
below as a new subspecies, semiflavus. (Map 39.)

Mexican specimens examined. —9 2 2,67 6 6. NUEVO LEON:
222,3 66, 50 mi. SE Monterrey, 13 Oct. 1957 (HAS) [OSU;
MCZ]; 1 ¢, Vallecillo, 2-5 June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 4, China,
18 July 1954 (RRD) [RRD]. Coanumta: 4 ¢ 6, 12 mi. N Her-
manas, 11 Aug. 1959 (LS & AM) [UCD, MCZ]; 1 ¢, 23 mi. N
Saltillo, 11 Aug. 1959 (AM & LS) [UCD]. Cxuimuanua: 1 2, 25
mi. S Chihuahua, 11 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 4 ¢ ¢, 18 mi. W
Jimenez, 10 Aug. 1951 (HEE & PDH) [MCZ, CIS]. Baga CALt-
FORNIA: 1 é, San Antonio, Dist. Sur, 12 July 1919 (G. F. Ferris)
[CIS]. Duranco: 2 22,2 é 6, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951

HOWARD E. EVANS 221

(HEE & PDH) [MCZ, CIS]; 1 ¢, 40 6 ¢, 14 mi. NW Ceballos,
4100 feet, 10 Sept. 1963 (HAS) [OSU]. JALisco: 7 ¢ 6, Guada-
lajara, July, Sept. (HEE, RRD) [MCZ, MSU]; 1 ¢, 1 mi. N Tequila,
19 July 1954 (JWM) [CIS]. SAN Luis Potosi: 1 ¢, 5 mi. E Xilitla,
23 July 1954 (J. G. Chillcott) [CNC]. Moretos: 1 ¢, 3 mi. NW
Cuernavaca, 6500 feet, 26 June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. CutapPas: 1
8, 7 mi. SE Soyalo, 27 Mch. 1953 (EIS) [CIS].

Poecilopompilus interruptus dubitatus (Cameron) new combination.

Pompilus interruptus Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 12: 370
(Orizaba, Mexico). — Fox, 1894, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2)4: 99
(Baja California).

Pompilus dubitatus Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr. Amer., Hymen. II, p. 206
[Type: 6, Mexico: VERACRUz: Atoyac, April (HHS) (BMNH, no.
19, 568) ].

Pompilus balteolus Cameron, 1893, ibid., p. 209 [Type: 2, MExIco: GUER-
RERO: Chilpancingo, 4600 feet, Aug. (HHS) (BMNH, no. 19, 569)].
New synonym.

Batazonus balteolus Banks, 1931, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 26: 133 (Chichen
Itza, Yucatan).

Although the females of this form show constant structural differ-
ences from typical interruptus, the two are on the whole strikingly
similar. Since they are allopatric, with intergrades occurring at
points of contact of the ranges (see discussion below), it seems safe
to consider dubitatus a subspecies of interruptus.

Female. — Length 8-16 mm. Body color varying from rich castaneous to
blackish, always black on the lower thoracic pleura, coxae, trochanters, at
least the basal parts of the femora and a portion of the apical part of the
hind tibiae, often much more extensively blackish; abdominal venter suffused
with blackish at least in part; pattern of yellow maculations as in i. interruptus
except as follows: upper part of mesopleura as well as lower banded with yel-
low; lower part of metapleura and all coxae without yellow; legs with or with-
out yellowish markings; basal yellow bands on abdominal tergites always rather
narrow; color of antennae and wings as described for i. interruptus, the pu-
bescence also as in that form. Clypeus 2.3-2.4 X as wide as its median length,
apical margin distinctly, shallowly notched. MID .57-.65 X TFD; UID .60-
.80 X LID; antennal segment three 0.9-1.3 X UID. POL subequal to or
slightly exceeding OOL. Front basitarsus with three small comb-spines, the
apical one about half as long as second tarsal segment, or slightly less. Other
features as described for the nominate subspecies.

MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 20

DQD MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Male. — Length 8-13 mm. Body color black, with prominent yellow
markings as follows: clypeus, except often black medially, rarely wholly black;
inner and outer orbits, narrowly to very broadly; pronotum at least along pos-
terior margin, often also anteriorly and laterally; mesoscutum with at least a
posterior spot; sides of scutellum; metanotum; propodeum with a broad pos-
terior band, sometimes almost wholly yellow; mesopleura with a stripe on both
lower and upper halves, metapleura usually maculated also; coxae streaked
with yellow and middle and hind femora streaked with yellow below, tibiae
with some yellow and tarsi often annulated; abdominal tergites with basal yel-
low bands which vary from very narrow to fairly wide; scape yellowish at least
below, flagellum ferruginous, blackish above; legs sometimes with some fer-
ruginous markings. Wings almost clear hyaline, fore wing with a fuscous spot
on the outer third of the anterior half, sometimes weakly suffused with brown
basad of this spot. Slope of propodeum rather strong, but that of the first
tergite slightly less strong than in 7. interruptus; other features as described
for that form.

Distribution. — Panama north to central Mexico and along the
coastal plains to Tamaulipas and Sonora. Some aspects of variation
and of intergradation with i. interruptus are discussed following the
distributional data. (Map 39.)

Specimens examined. —39 2° 2, 30 66. PANAMA: 1 2, Cu-
lebra, Dec. 1914 (T. Hallinan) [AMNH]; 1 ¢, Balboa, Nov. 1914
(T. Hallinan) [AMNH]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢, Palmar (D. O. Allen)
[USNM]; 1 ¢, Liberia, 29 July 1963 (HAS) [OSU]. Et SaLvapor:
3 22, 1-3 mi. W Quezaltepeque, July 1961 (M. Irwin) [UCD].
Honpuras: | ¢, Zamorano, 21 mi. from Tegucigalpa (T. D. A.
Cockerell) [MCZ]. GUATEMALA: 1 °, El Salto, Escuintla, 28 June
1934 (FXW) [MCZ]; 1 2, Rabinal, 3000 feet, 3 Aug. 1947 (C. &
P. Vaurie) [AMNH]. Mexico: YUCATAN: 4 2 °, Chichen Itza,
June 1929 (JB) [MCZ]; 4 2° 2, No. part (Gaumer) [BMNH].
CuiApas: 1 6, nr. Chiapa de Corzo, 3 May 1959 (HEE) [MCZ];
2 468, Suchiapa, 18 July 1957 (PDH) [CIS]. Oaxaca: 1 ¢, 14
mi. NE Juchitan, 18 July 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS]; 1 2, Palomares,
5 Sept. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]. VERAcRUz: 1 8, Atoyac, April
(HHS) [BMNH]; 3 2° 2°, Medellin (H. T. Heyde) [USNM]; 3 ¢ ¢,
Minatitlan, 26 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]. TAMAULIPAS: 1 2°, 8
é 6, Villagran, 7 June 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS]: 1 ¢, 18 mi.
E Ciudad Mante, 13 Aug. 1959 (LS & AM) [UCD]. SAN Luis
Potosi: 1 4, Picolco, 21 May 1952 (WG) [AMNH]; 1 2°, El Salto,
1800 feet, 9 June 1961 [KU]. Moretos: 4 2 2, 2 6 6, Alpuyeca,

HOWARD E. EVANS 223

May, July (HEE) [MCZ, CU]; 1 é, Canyon de Lobos, nr. Yautepec,
25 May 1959, 4000 feet (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 2, Xochicalco, 13 July
1961, 4000 feet (RRD) [MSU]; 1 2, Cuernavaca, 9 July 1961
(RRD) [MSU]. GuERRERO: 1 2,2 ¢ ¢, Chilpancingo, 4600 feet,
Aug., Oct. [BMNH, MCZ]; 1 2°, Mexcala, 29 June 1951 (HEE)
[MCZ]. Jatisco: 1 3, 25 mi. W Guadalajara, 4700 feet, 29 Sept.
1957 (HAS) [OSU]. Nayarit: 1 ¢, 1 46, Ahuacatlan, 18 July
Hoste CHEESE DE) |IMECZs CIS ler sksmmisS) Lepic, 7 July 1963
(LS) [UCD]. SINALoa: 1 32, Piaxtla, 19 Aug. 1954 [MCZ]; 1 ¢,
206-6, Mazatlan, 19) July 1959 (HEE)! [MCZ CU]; 3 ¢ ¢, 8 mi.
S Elota, 2 July 1963 (FDP) [UCD]. Sonora: 1 ¢, 10 mi. E Nava-
joa, 13 Aug. 1959 (Werner & Nutting) [MCZ]. BAJA CALIFORNIA:
1 ¢, La Paz, 10 Oct. 1955 (FXW) [CAS]; 1 ¢, La Paz, 27 June
1919 (G. F. Ferris) [CIS].

Intergrades with interruptus interruptus. — MEXICO: MORELOS:
2 22, iNpineea, 27 une, 2 Yulky IOS (eles) (CZ) I os)
Canyon de Lobos, nr. Yautepec, 25 May 1959 (HEE) [MCZ].
JALisco: 1 6, 1 mi. N Tequila, 19 July 1954 (JWM) [CIS]. VERA-
CRUZ: 4 2 2,10 6 8, Minatitlan, 26 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU].

Variation. — It will be noted that all the intergrades are from or
near localities where dubitatus has also been taken. The two Alpu-
yeca females agree closely in coloration with the dubitatus females
from that locality, having the coxae wholly black, the apices of the
hind tibiae black, and the abdominal venter strongly infuscated; how-
ever, the mesopleura are immaculate above, the clypeus is not emar-
ginate, and there are four comb-spines on the front basitarsus. The
males from Morelos and Jalisco listed as intergrades are all typical
dubitatus except that the wings are extensively tinged with yellowish-
brown (although much less so that the 7. interruptus males listed from
Morelos and Jalisco).

The series from Minatitlan, Veracruz, is most interesting. Three
females are perfectly typical interruptus dubitatus and are so listed
above, while four other females provide a mixture of characters of
dubitatus and i. interruptus. These four females have four comb-
spines on the front tarsus, but the basal one is small; the clypeus is but
slightly notched, but the coxae are almost black. All of the ten
males taken at the same locality appear closer to i. interruptus than to

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

224 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Map 39

O Poecilopompilus i. interruptus (Say)
(also transcontinental in U.S.)
@ Poecilopompilus i. dubitatus (Cameron)
@ Intergrades é

dubitatus. In these males the wings vary from weakly to rather
strongly tinged with yellowish, the mesopleura is without yellowish
markings on the upper half except in one specimen, and the middle
and hind coxae are entirely without yellow maculations.

The females listed above from Chichen Itza, Yucatan, and from
Guatemala and Costa Rica are wholly black (except for the usual
yellow maculations) and average smaller than the remainder of the
available specimens (all of which have much of the head and thoracic
dorsum castaneous). However, the females from Panama and Hon-
duras are extensively castaneous and rather large, and males from
the southern parts of the range do not differ consistently from those
from Mexico. It is conceivable that these small, dark females repre-
sent a different species or subspecies, but I think not. The type of
balteolus is extensively castaneous, so this name cannot be used to
apply to the black females if these prove to be distinct.

Poecilopompilus interruptus semiflavus new subspecies.

Poecilopompilus interruptus interruptus Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
75: 247-251 (in part; central California specimens).

HOWARD E. EVANS MDS

Holotype. — °, CALIFORNIA: Davis, 20 Sept. 1939 (FDP)
[CAS].

The color pattern of specimens of interruptus from the Central
Valley of California is consistently and strikingly different from that
of specimens from other parts of the range. Although this form
does not occur in Mexico, I take this occasion to provide a name for it.

Description of type female. — Length 14 mm.; fore wing 13 mm. Head
and thorax black, with yellow maculations as follows: clypeus except medio-
basally; face; inner orbits broadly; outer orbits broadly (the yellow stained
with ferruginous behind); pronotal collar, posterior margin, and extreme sides;
sides of scutellum; center of metanotum; propodeum with a transverse pos-
terior band and also yellow on sides of posterior rim; lower part of mesopleura
with a small spot; abdomen mostly yellowish, tergites black only at extreme
base (much of this concealed by overlapping of tergites), except Tl with some
dark markings in the center, this tergite stained with ferruginous apically, fol-
lowing tergites with apical margins somewhat ferruginous; legs with coxae,
trochanters, and basal parts of femora black, tibiae streaked with yellow and
tarsi broadly annulated with yellow, elsewhere ferruginous; antennae ferrugi-
nous except apical several segments strongly infuscated. Fore and hind wings
strongly suffused with yellowish-brown, their apical margins with a fuscous
band, the fuscous extending, in the fore wing, through SMC2 and 3 and the
first discoidal cell. Body pubescence conspicuous, silvery to cinereous. Cly-
peus truncate, measuring 2.3 X as wide as high. Head 1.14 X as wide as high;
MID .60 X TFD; UID .69 X LID; antennal segment three subequal to UID;
POL slightly exceeding OOL. Other features as described for 7. interruptus,
the front basitarsus with four comb-spines as in that form.

Allotype. — é , CALIFORNIA: same data as type except collected
27 Sept. 1959 [CAS].

Description of male allotype. — Length 13 mm.; fore wing 12 mm. Color
pattern almost exactly like that of female; scape yellow, flagellum bright rufo-
castaneous, dusky on upper side; wing coloration as in female. Pubescence
pale, cinereous to light brown; head, pronotum, and propodeum with abundant
short, pale setae. Head 1.27 X as wide as high; MID .57 X TFD; UID .92
X LID; POL and OOL subequal. Other features as described for i. inter-
ruptus.

Paratypes. — CALIFORNIA: 8 2 2,1 6, Davis, June, Sept. [UCD,
MCZ]; 3 22, 10 é 6, Woodland, July-Sept. (A. T. McClay)
[MCZ, UCD]; 1 2, Kerman, Fresno Co., 31 Aug. 1960 (R. Snelling)
[CIS]; 10 2¢,11 8 8, Artois, Glenn Co., July 1952 (JWM) [CIS,
USNM, MCZ]; 1 ¢, Stevenson, Merced Co., 21 Aug. 1960 (R.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

226 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Snelling) [CIS]; 1 2, 1 8, Watts Valley, Fresno Co., 23 June 1956
(R. O. Schuster) [CIS]; 1 ¢, Dos Palos, Merced Co., 2 Sept. 1947
(V. Stern) [CIS]; 1 ¢, Vallejo, Solano Co., 31 Aug. [CIS]; 1 ¢,
Patterson, Stanislaus Co., 22 June [CIS]; 1 2,1 ¢, Turlock, Stanis-
laus Co., July (R. Snelling) [CIS].

Variation. — The females vary in length from 11 to 15 mm., the
males from 9 to 14 mm. The range in variation in standard measure-
ments is virtually the same as expressed for i. interruptus. The color
pattern is remarkably constant. In the females there is some variation
in the amount of ferruginous staining on the outer orbits, and there
may be some on the front, clypeus, and pronotum; in some specimens
there are yellow markings on the mesoscutum. The males, as a
group, tend to have the wings slightly paler and more irregularly in-
fuscated than do the females. Some males have ferruginous stains
on the pronotum and/or scutellum, and some have yellow markings
on the posterior part of the mesoscutum. Several males have very
limited yellow markings on the coxae. One male is extensively
blotched with black in the central parts of T1 and T2.

Genus TACHYPOMPILUS Ashmead

Tachypompilus Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 83 [Type: species: 7. ab-
botti Ashmead (= analis Fabr.), monobasic]. — Evans, 1950, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 253-268 (revision of U. S. spp.).

Arachnophroctonus Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 83 [Type species: Cero-
pales ferruginea Say, monobasic]. Preoccupied by Howard, 1901.
— Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 224. — Banks, 1947, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 381-385 (So. American spp.).

Balanoderes Haupt, 1929, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 15: 119, 155 [Type species:
Sphex analis Fabr., designated by Haupt, 1929]. Synonymy by Haupt,
1930.

Afropompilus Arnold, 1936, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 18: 107 [Type species:
Pompilus ignitus Smith, 1955; original designation]. Synonymy by
Evans, 1950. j

Zarachnophroctonus Pate, 1946, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 72: 130 (new name
for Arachnophroctonus Ashmead, not Howard). Synonymy by
Evans, 1950.

Generic characters. — Size 7-30 mm.; body color predominantly rufo-
castaneous, with variable amounts of black, rarely mostly black; wings hyaline,
yellowish, or fuscous, sometimes banded; pubescence very fine, inconspicuous,
erect setae sparse to moderately abundant. Mandibles with one or two teeth

HOWARD E. EVANS 2Oe

on the inner margin. Labrum protruding from beneath clypeus to some extent,
rounded and with an apical slit. Clypeus large, rather convex, its apex trun-
cate or emarginate. Malar space present, rather short. Front distinctly tu-
berculate medially just above the bases of the antennae, more particularly so
in the female. Antennae elongate, segment three in the female always much
longer than four. Front relatively narrow. Pronotum short, arcuate or sub-
arcuate behind; postnotum a nearly linear transverse band, not expanded on
each side of the median line as in Poecilopompilus. Propodeum with the de-
clivity distinct, rather flat, sides of the declivity usually humped or ridged,
sometimes tuberculate. Legs very long and slender; front tibiae without spines
above; female with a tarsal comb. Pulvillar comb weak, of at most about 12
setulae. Claws of female dentate, those of male bifid; inner claws of front
tarsi of male more curved than outer and the rays more widely separated, api-
cal segment of front tarsus weakly asymmetrical. Wings not folded longi-
tudinally in repose; fore wing with stigma large, marginal cell long, less than
its own length from wing tip, third discoidal cell also less than its own length
from wing margin; SMC2 and 3 both rather wide above; hind wing with anal
vein arching up to meet media at or near the cubital fork (fig. 18). Abdo-
men of female stout, not bristly apically. Male SGP strongly keeled, subacute
apically. Genitalia with the parameres very slender; basal hooklets single or
weakly doubled; digitus with a transverse fold about midway, beyond which it
is strongly setose; aedoeagus bearing setae (see figs. 67 and 68 in Evans, 1950).

Distribution. — This genus is well represented in the Ethiopian
and Oriental regions. In the Americas, the species collectively range
from northern United States and British Columbia to Peru and Ar-
gentina, including the West Indies.

Included species. — Evans (1950) recognized two polytypic spe-
cies in the United States, both entering northern Mexico. Banks
(1947) recognized ten species in South America, two also occurring
in Central America. The Mexican and Central American species
present a somewhat confusing picture, both nomenclatorially and
zoologically. The name torridus must be shifted from the species
called by that name by Banks and myself and applied to a member
of the ferrugineus complex. I was also in error in placing the name
annexus Banks in synonymy with burrus Cresson. Tentatively, I
recognize three species in Mexico and Central America, two of them
polytypic. The key which follows includes all known subspecies of
these species, but extralimital ones are not treated in the text.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

228 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Key to Species

1. Wings luteous, with two prominent dark bands in addition to the dark
apical margin; propodeum of female with a pair of dentiform processes
on the sides; male with the malar space nearly half as long as the width
of the mandibles at their base (South America, Panama) ............-.0+++
Ssabeodasta wat cadeseae eens west acs cup eSeE CRC orate eae meee a ee mendozae (Dalla Torre)

Wings at most lightly tinged with luteous and at most weakly banded;
propodeum at most somewhat roundly prominent on the sides of the
CEC HIVIEY \.. Sevetdscesase-sevecdedeieusses- Sysioessusea toe eee ees eee ee 22

2. Female: antennal segment three equal to from .9 to 1.2 X UID; eyes
more widely separated at top, UID .85-1.0 X LID. Male: eyes dis-
tinctly diverging above, UID 1.05-1.15 X LID; antennal segment three
not more than twice as long as its greatest width (unicolor) ............ 3

Female: antennal segment three equal to at least 1.3 X UID; eyes more
strongly convergent above, UID .72-.86 X LID. Male: eyes not or
barely diverging above, UID .90-1.03 X LID; antennal segment three
more than twice as long as wide (ferrugineUs) .......c.ccccccesceeeceseeenes 4

3. Wings wholly infuscated, somewhat violaceous, usually slightly darker
along outer margin but less contrastingly so than below; males often
(and females occasionally) with a considerable amount of black on
thorax and propodeum (western U. S. and Br. Columbia) ................0:
sdslodtaacs Sedehtessevgin eteu sees one eeae a nee erent aeee unicolor unicolor (Banks) 1¢

Wings flavo-hyaline or nearly clear hyaline, the outer margin narrowly
infuscated; body usually nearly uniformly rufo-castaneous (Costa Rica
to southwestern U. S.) ....c...cccccccsssscccesesnneeees unicolor cerinus n. subsp.

4. Abdomen uniformly rufo-castaneous, except base of first tergite black,
none of tergites with their apical margins fuSCOUS .................cc00::cee00 5

Abdomen with first two tergites distinctly annulated with fuscous apically

5. Thorax and propodeum wholly black, head mostly black; wings moder-
ately infuscated, with a darker band over the basal vein and a broad
dark band extending from the marginal cell to the posterior wing mar-

SOT VIII f sueaascopdeeeenarercanweacccae aroacanocteccooncs ferrugineus bicolor (Banks)
Head, thorax, and propodeum rufo-castaneous, with very limited black
markings: wings -Vvaniable® <c.c.c.cc.cecccceone-ccseees 2. sesseetessesteeceretsssneereereore well ee 6

6. Wings dark fuscous, violaceous; third antennal segment of female more
than twice as long as UID (Jamaica) ...... ferrugineus erythrus (Smith)
Wings at most moderately tinged with brownish; third antennal segment

of female not twice as long as UID ..0...........ccccccccessccesescccceecceeesccerenceers 7

7. Wings nearly hyaline, those of the female weakly twice-banded in addi-

16 This form is common in San Diego Co., Calif., and must surely occur in
northern Baja California. It was treated by Evans (1950) under the name torridus
unicolor.

HOWARD E. EVANS 229

tion to the dark apical margin; clypeus of female strongly emarginate

((CTUID EI: cceccbe reenter tence anetcnc ccc eetor eee tere ferrugineus uniformis (Cresson)
Wings lightly to moderately tinged with brownish, rarely with any evi-
dence of banding except for dark outer margin; clypeus of female
moderately emarginate (southern Mexico to Arizona and western Texas)

SSS OOS OBER OA COU TEE TE EOE ES NEA EE OREN Re OREC EC aor RECO ferrugineus torridus (Smith)

8. Meso- and metapleura and propodeum largely or wholly black; wings

fuscous, violaceous, without evidence of banding ....................ss0sseee 9
Meso- and metapleura in large part or wholly rufo-castaneous; propodeum
at most black along a broad median band; wings variable ................ 10

9. Head and thorax almost entirely black; mesonotum black, usually also
the pronotum and coxae; femora often partly black (northeastern U. S.)

Taree gear S eee ete URC Ed atu aheaete ee cuasuntabeg ferrugineus nigrescens (Banks)

Head and thorax in large part rufo-castaneous; pro- and mesonota mostly

or wholly rufo-castaneous, femora entirely so (Florida and Texas to
IMlinaagenexel INIG Ta) cossonsecuncouaucccriocddoeceeeeecsen ferrugineus ferrugineus (Say)

10. Propodeum usually completely without black markings; wings fuscous,
violaceous, without evidence of banding; bands on abdominal tergites
relatively weak, especially that on second tergite (eastern Texas to

IKEATAS AS) peeeeee mice ses ce ttc eiee vos staneseosaetees ferrugineus annexus (Banks)
Propodeum marked with black at least at base and in center of declivity;
wings weakly to rather strongly brownish, usually with evidence of
banding; bands on first two abdominal tergites very strong .............. 11

11. Wings lightly tinged with yellowish-brown, almost hyaline, banding light
but distinct; median black band of propodeum usually not complete
(South America, Panama) ................:00e00 ferrugineus affinis (Banks)

Wings moderately infuscated, banding usually rather indistinct; median
black band of propodeum complete in male, often complete in female
(Costa Rica to southern Mexico) .......... ferrugineus burrus (Cresson)

Tachypompilus ferrugineus torridus (Smith) new status

Pompilus torridus Smith, 1862, Jour. Ent., 1: 396 [Type: 2, Mexico (no
further data) (BMNH, no. 19, 740)]. — Cresson, 1869, Proc. Bos-
ton Soc. Nat. Hist., 12: 371 (Orizaba, Mex.).— Cameron, 1893,
Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 211.

Arachnophroctonus torridus Bradley, 1944, Notulae Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., no. 145, p. 9.

Arachnophroctonus ferrugineus var. unicolor Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 94: 168 [Type: 2, Arizona: Oak Creek Canyon, 6000 feet
(F. H. Snow) (MCZ, no. 25, 730)]. Preoccupied by Banks, 1919.
New synonym.

17J have taken this form in series in Cameron Co., Texas, and it must surely
occur in northeastern Mexico. U.S. records for burrus presented by Evans, 1950,
apply to this subspecies.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

230 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Tachypompilus ferrugineus yavapai Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75:
263 (new name for unicolor Banks, 1944).— Evans, 1951, U. S.
Dept. Agri. Monogr. 2, p. 928. New synonym.

The name torridus has been erroneously applied by Banks and
myself to the form here called unicolor cerinus n. subsp. The type of
torridus is in good condition and appears to me to be consubspecific
with yavapai Evans. This form should be regarded as a subspecies of
ferrugineus despite some interdigitation with the range of ferrugineus
burrus in Central Mexico. Specimens from western Texas appear to
to show intergradation with ferrugineus annexus, some specimens
from central Mexico with ferrugineus burrus (see discussion below,
under “variation” ).

Description of type female. — Length 15.5 mm.; fore wing 11.5 mm.
Color uniformly rufo-castaneous except as follows: antennae lightly infus-
cated beyond segment five; extreme sides of scutellum, sides of metanotum,
and all of the postnotum blackish; propodeum black along anterior margin
and again in lower part of declivity; mesosternum and sutures of meso- and
metapleura blackish; extreme base of T1 black, but abdomen otherwise with-
out black markings; wings wholly lightly infuscated, with a faint luteous tinge,
apex of fore wing slightly darker. Fine, pale erect setae present on front,
vertex, temples, and propleura; propodeum with numerous short, pale setae;
apex of abdomen setose above and below; pubescence very fine, pale in color.
Clypeus 1.9 X as broad as its median height, apical margin shallowly emar-
ginate. Head 1.07 X as wide as high; MID .55 X TED, .75 X HE; UID
.80 X LID. POL:OOL=13:12. Third antennal segment about 7 X as long
as its maximum thickness, measuring 1.6 X UID. Propodeum with a median
linear impression, sides of declivity weakly humped, the declivity concave.
Mesosternum with its apical median flaps produced on each side to form short,
finger-like processes. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, the apical one
.9 as long as second tarsal segment.

Male. — Length 10-15 mm. Body color as in female, the black on the
thorax and propodeum sometimes reduced to only a small area on the meso-
sternum; antennae lightly infuscated apically; wings lightly to moderately tinged
with brownish or yellowish-brown, with a darker apical band, occasionally
with a weakly developed band over the marginal cell and extending back to-
ward the posterior wing margin. Clypeus 1.6-1.8 X as wide as high, its apical
margin truncate. Front narrow, MID considerably exceeding LID, but tops
of eyes convergent such that UID measures from 0.9 to 1.0 X LID. POL
slightly exceeding OOL. Temples very narrow. Antennae elongate, segment
three 2.0-2.5 X as long as wide. Sides of propodeal declivity roundly pro-
tuberant. Genitalia as figured for f. ferrugineus by Evans, 1950, fig. 67.

Distribution. — Southern California to western Texas, south

HOWARD E. EVANS 231

through Baja California and through the Mexican highlands to Chia-
pas. For U. S. records, see Evans, 1950, as yavapai. (Map 40.)

Mexican specimens examined. —15 2° 2,18 646. BAJA CALI-
FORNIA: | 2, Las Animas, Sierra Laguna, 12 Oct. [CAS]; 2 ¢ 4,
25 mi. W La Paz, Sept. 1959 (Radford & Werner) [UA]; 1 ¢, 15
mi. N San Ignacio, 29 Sept. [CAS]. CHIHUAHUA: 1 2, Chihuahua,
12 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. DurAnco: 1 ¢, 10 km. N Nombre
de Dios, 5 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 ¢ é, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9
Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Moretos: 2 ¢ ¢, Cuernavaca, Apr.,
May, 1959 (HEE) (CU, M@Z]; 1 2, Alpuyeca, 27 June 1951
(HEB) S(MCZ)|> = PurBEA]) 25) °)9°)9)é) 65 ‘Cacaloapan, 26 Apr.
1962 (FDP) [UCD, MCZ]. VeERAcRUzZ: 2 22, 1 64, Orizaba
[BMNH, ANSP]; 1 2, 1 6, Orizaba, Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU].
CHIAPAS: 2 6 6, 28 mi. W Cintalapa, 9 Apr. 1962 (FDP) [UCD].
Without specific locality data: 4 9? @ [BMNH].

Variation. — The females vary in length from 12 to 22 mm. The
clypeus varies from 1.76-2.00 X as broad as its median height; an-
tennal segment three varies from 1.5 to 1.7 X UID; there may be
either three or four comb-spines on the front basitarsus. As in the
males, some females (especially those from Arizona) have no black
at all on the thorax except for part of the mesosternum. In some
specimens of both sexes the apical margins of the first two tergites are
lightly and indistinctly banded with fuscous. This is especially true
of specimens from western Texas and from central Mexico. Speci-
mens from western Texas (Davis Mts. and Chisos Mts. [MCZ]) also
have the wings generally darker than in torridus and are thus perfect
intermediates between ferrugineus torridus and f. annexus. Several
specimens from central Mexico which appear to represent intergrades
between torridus and burrus are considered under the latter form.

Tachypompilus ferrugineus burrus (Cresson)

Pompilus torridus var. burrus Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 12:
371 [Lectotype: 9, MExIco: VERACRUZ: Veracruz (C. Sartorius)
(ANSP, no. 429)].

Pompilus virulentus Smith, 1879, Descr. N. Sp. Hymen. Brit. Mus., p. 155
[Type: 2, Costa Rica: Irazu, 6000-7000 feet (H. Rogers) (BMNH,
no. 19, 741)].— Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p.
210 (Yucatan). New synonym.

Arachnophroctonus cockerellae Rohwer, 1914, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 47: 515

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

232 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

[Type: 6, GUATEMALA: Gualan, 12 Feb. 1912 (W. P. Cockerell)
(USNM, no. 16, 028)]. New synonym.

Arachnophroctonus virulentus Banks, 1931, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 26: 133
(Yucatan).

Arachnophroctonus torridus var. burrus Bradley, 1944, Notulae Nat., Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil., no. 145, p. 9.

Tachypompilus ferrugineus burrus Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75:
262-263 (in part; annexus Banks erroneously considered synonym).

The type specimens of burrus and virulentus are both in excellent
condition and are very similar (see below, under “Variation”). A\l-
though Banks’ annexus, from Texas, is also similar, this form is con-
sistently paler, although with darker wings, and also has the clypeus
generally broader (about twice as broad as its median height). Al-
though I formerly considered annexus a synonym of burrus, it now
seems to me desirable to consider the two as distinct subspecies. Pre-
sumably the ranges of these two forms are in contact somewhere in
Tamaulipas or northern Veracruz.

Description of type female. — Length 16 mm.; fore wing 13.5 mm. Color
dark rufo-castaneous except as follows: antennae somewhat infuscated on api-
cal half; extreme anterior margin of mesoscutum, sides of scutellum at base,
sides of metanotum, and all of postnotum black; basal median portion of pro-
podeum black, also greater part of the declivity, but the two black areas well
separated; mesosternum and sutures of pleura blackish; extreme base of Tl
black, also apical margins of T1 and 2 with strong black bands. Wings mod-
erately heavily infuscated, weakly violaceous, fore wing slightly darker over
the basal vein, again at the second intercubital vein, and again at the apex of
the wing. Pubescence and erect hairs as in torridus. Clypeus 1.78 X as broad
as its median height, apical margin shallowly emarginate. MID .53 X TFD;
UID .85 X LID; antennal segment three 1.65 X UID; POL:0O0OL=9:8. Sides
of propodeum declivity distinctly humped. Mesosternum with its apical median
flaps simple, only very slightly produced on each side.

Male. — Length 11-15 mm. Coloration similar to that of female; an-
tennae weakly infuscated apically, or sometimes the entire flagellum strongly
infuscated; vertex with a small amount of black in and laterad of the ocellar
triangle; black of thorax slightly more extensive than in female, anterior fourth
of mesoscutum black, black of scutellum usually connected across the base of
the scutellar disc; propodeum with a broad, usually complete median black
band; abdomen as in female. Wings as in female except slightly more lightly
infuscated, sometimes almost hyaline, the darker banding at the basal vein, the
second intercubital vein, and the outer wing margin usually quite distinct,
although not intense. Clypeus about 1.7 X as wide as high, truncate below;
other features of head exactly as described for torridus. Posterolateral angles

HOWARD E. EVANS 233

of propodeum roundly protuberant.

Distribution. — Costa Rica to Veracruz, state of Mexico, More-
los, and Guerrero. The specimens from Guerrero and the state of
Mexico, and most of those from Morelos, have the wings unusually
pale and with little evidence of banding, and are probably best inter-
preted as intergrades with ferrugineus torridus (see below). South
of Costa Rica burrus is replaced by subspecies affinis Banks. The
male from Colombia assigned by Banks (1947) to virulentus is in my
opinion a male affinis. (Map 40.)

Specimens examined. — 23 22,3 66. MExICcO: MORELOS:
1 ¢,3 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 6500 feet, 28 June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ].
VERACRUZ: 3 2? 2, Veracruz (C. Sartorius) [ANSP]. Tasasco: 1
8, Teapa, March (HHS) [BMNH]}. Yucatan: 1 2, Chichen Itza,
June 1929 (JB) [MCZ];11 2 2,9 6 6, Temax (Gaumer) [BMNH];
1 ¢,1 ¢, without further data (Gaumer) [KU]. GUATEMALA: 1
é, Gualan, 12 Feb. 1912 (W. P. Cockerell) [USNM]. Honpburas:
1 2, Puerto Castilla, 27 March 1924 (JB) [MCZ]. Costa RICA:
1 2, Irazu, 6000-7000 feet (H. Rogers) [BMNH]; 4 2 2, Turrialba,
June 1949 (KWC) [USNM]; 1 ¢, Pacuare, 7 July 1949 (KWC)
[USNM].

Intergrades with ferrugineus torridus. —9 2° 2,1 ¢. MExIco:
Mexico: 1 ¢, Jilotepec [USNM]. Moretos: 5 2 2, Cuernavaca,
May-July [USNM, CU, MCZ]. GuERRERO: 3 ° 2, 1 4, Xucuma-
natlan, 7000 feet, July (HHS) [BMNH].

Variation. — The type of virulentus differs from that of burrus
in having a complete median black band on the propodeum, and in
the following measurements: clypeus 1.9 X as wide as its median
height, UID .76 X LID, antennal segment three 1.9 X UID. Of the
Costa Rica females before me, the median black band on the pro-
podeum is complete in all but one; in the Honduras female it is
nearly complete; in the Mexican females it is always incomplete, al-
though nearly complete in a few. In the entire series of female, the
clypeus varies from 1.72 to 1.9 X as broad as high, antennal segment
three from 1.4 to 1.9 X as long as UID. The series shows an unusual
amount of variation in the development of the mesosternal flaps;
typically these are transverse, as in the types of both burrus and viru-
lentus, but in all of the females from Yucatan these flaps are produced
laterally into slender processes, as in torridus. ‘This is also the case

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

234 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

with some (but not all) of the specimens listed above as intergrades
with torridus. Otherwise these intergrades differ from burrus in hay-
ing dark bands at the apices of the first two tergites somewhat weaker
than normal (although much more distinct than in torridus) and in
having the wings very lightly tinged with brownish or yellowish-brown
and with little evidence of banding except along the apical margin.
The presence of elongated mesosternal flaps in the Yucatan popula-
tion may indicate that the gene for this character, which is character-
istic of torridus, may have penetrated much of the burrus population
in the northern parts of its range.

Tachypompilus ferrugineus affinis (Banks) new combination.

Arachnophroctonus affinis Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 384
[Type: 2, BrAziL: Maracuju, Matto Grosso, Apr.-May 1937 (G.
Fairchild) (MCZ, no. 26, 705)].

Arachnophroctonus viruléntus Banks, 1947, ibid., p. 384 (¢, CoLomBiA: Muzo,
Dept. Boyaca, June (JB); misidentification).

This, the South American representative of the ferrugineus com-
plex, occurs also in Panama.

Description of type female. — Length 18 mm.; fore wing 15 mm. Color
exactly as described for type of burrus, except thoracic pleura more liberally
marked with black along the sutures and all coxae with some black; wings
lightly tinged with yellowish-brown, much as in torridus, but fore wing dis-
tinctly although lightly clouded at the basal vein, again at the second inter-
cubital vein, and also along the outer margin. Clypeus 1.82 X as wide as
high, its apical margin with a rather strong median emargination. MID .52
X TFD; UID .81 X LID; antennal segment three 1.75 K UID; POL slightly
exceeding OOL. Propodeum as in burrus, torridus, and other members of
this complex. Front basitarsus with four comb-spines. Mesosternal flaps
roundly produced on each side, less strongly so than in torridus.

Male. — Length 9-11 mm. Color as in female except ocellar triangle
marked with black, mesoscutum black on anterior fourth, front and middle
coxae sometimes without black, trochanters sometimes suffused with black;
antennae infuscated on apical third; posterior margin of pronotum and sides
of face and clypeus suffused with yellowish; wings as in female. Structure as
described for torridus; UID .92 X LID; POL:0O0L=8:7; anterior margin of
clypeus weakly concave. Posterior lateral portions of propodeum strongly,
roundly protuberant.

Distribution. — \n addition to the type and paratype, from Brazil
and Paraguay, there are in the MCZ collection a female from Alausi,

HOWARD E. EVANS 235

@ Tochypompilus ferrugineus torridus (Smith)
©@ Intergrades
© Tachypompilus f. burrus (Cresson)
A Tachypompilus f. affinis (Banks)
(also occurs in S. America)

Ecuador, and a male from Muzo, Colombia. (Map 40.)

Central American records. —18 22,5 6 6. PANAMA: 14 @ 2,
5 é 6, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Jan.-July [MCZ, USNM,
KU]; 4 2 2, Cano Saddle, Canal Zone, May [USNM].

Variation. — The females vary in length from 11.5 to 18 mm.
The amount of black on the pleura and coxae is rather variable, but
all available females have at least some black on the coxae; one
Barro Colorado female has a complete median black band on the
propodeum, as is typical of Costa Rica specimens of burrus. The de-
velopment of the mesosternal flaps is also variable, the Panama series
tending to have them transverse and at most very slightly produced
on the sides. The width of the clypeus of the females varies from
1.72 to 1.86 X the median length. None of the males has a complete
median dark band on the propodeum, although the band is nearly
complete in some of the Panama specimens.

Tachypompilus unicolor cerinus new subspecies

Tachypompilus torridus torridus Evans, 1950, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 75: 264-
266 (nec Smith; misidentification). — Evans, 1951, U. S. Dept. Agri.,
Monogr. 2, p. 928.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

236 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

This form bears a strong resemblance to ferrugineus torridus, with
which it is broadly sympatric. In addition to the characters cited in
the key, cerinus may be recognized by having the vertex slightly more
strongly arched above the eye tops and by the generally shorter pro-
podeum, which in the male is considerably more steeply and abruptly
declivous behind than in any of the subspecies of ferrugineus. The
male genitalia of unicolor and its subspecies differ from those of fer-
rugineus and its subspecies only in having the aedoeagus somewhat
less attenuate apically and bearing somewhat shorter setae (see Fig.
62 in Evans, 1950).

Holotype. — °, Mexico: CHIHUAHUA: Chihuahua, 12 Aug.
1951 (HEE) [MCZ, no. 30, 968].

Description of type female. — Length 12 mm.; fore wing 10.5 mm. Body
rufo-castaneous, with limited black markings as follows: sides of metanotum,
central portion of postnotum, extreme lower median part of propodeal declivity,
extreme base of first abdominal segment, sides of hind coxae at base, meso-
sternum and anterior margin of mesopleurum; antennae and legs rufo-cas-
taneous except apical third of antennae infuscated and tarsi very weakly in-
fuscated. Wings lightly tinged with yellowish-brown, fore wing with a darker
band along outer margin, also with a very faint cloud starting in the center of
the marginal cell and extending across the second intercubital vein to the outer
half of the third discoidal cell. Pubescence wholly pale and very fine; temples
and propleura with dense pale hair, but body otherwise very sparse setose, the
propodeum with only a few pale hairs. Clypeus 1.9 X as wide as its median
length, apical margin shallowly emarginate. Head 1.06 X as wide as high;
front rather broad, MID .60 X TFD, .85 X HE; UID .93 X LID. Vertex
evenly arched above eye tops; POL:OOL about as 13:10; third antennal seg-
ment measuring 1.05 X UID. Propodeum with only a very weak median im-
pression basally; in profile, basal .4 convex, apical .6 obliquely declivous; sides
of declivity very weakly humped. Méesosternal flaps transverse, weakly pro-
duced on the sides. Front basitarsus with four comb-spines, the apical one
about as long as the second tarsal segment. Wings as in figure 18.

Allotype. -— 6, same data as type [MCZ].

Description of male allotype. — Length 10 mm.; fore wing 9 mm. Inner
and outer orbits and pronotal collar and posterior margin somewhat yellowish,
body otherwise rufo-castaneous except with limited black markings as in female,
but slightly more extensive than in that sex, the sides of the scutellum black,
the black of the postnotum extending onto the extreme base of the propodeum,
the black of the propodeal declivity extending over much of the posterior rim,
the sutures of the meso- and metapleura rather heavily stained with black; pro-
pleura wholly black; extremities of antennae and legs stained with fuscous.

HOWARD E. EVANS Dou

Wings as in female except slightly paler and with little evidence of a cloud in
and below marginal cell. Pubescence wholly pale and very fine, as in female;
body with sparse, pale hairs, propodeum a number of pale hairs on each side.
Clypeus 1.75 X as wide as high, truncate below. Head very slightly wider
than high; MID .59 X TED, 1.25 X LID; UID 1.08 X LID. Vertex rather
strongly arched above eye tops; POL:OOL about 3:2. First four antennal
segments in a ratio of about 17:5:14:14, segment three 1.95 X as long as
wide. Temples about half as wide as eye width in lateral view. Propodeum
only very faintly impressed medially; declivity oblique, slightly concave in the
center, its sides roundly protuberant.

Distribution. — Costa Rica to southern California, Utah, New
Mexico, and Texas. Additional U. S. records were presented by
Evans, 1950, as torridus torridus. Since that date I have seen a
female from UTAH: Dugway Proving Ground, Tooele Co., 17 July
1953 [Univ. Utah]. (Map 41.)

Paratypes. —45 22, 46 66. Arizona: 1 ¢, 10 mi. NW
Congress, Yavapai Co., 30 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]; 1 ¢, 22 mi.
S Mt. View, 19 Oct. 1957 (G. D. Butler) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Santa Cata-
lina Mts., Bear Canyon, 13 May 1961 (RHP) [MCZ]; 5 2 ¢, 11
é 6, Tucson, May, June, Oct. [MCZ, CU, UCD]; 1 8, Douglas, 24
July 1937 (W. W. Jones) [USNM]; 1 2, 6 mi. W Douglas, 28 July
1948 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Atascasa Mts., 2 Oct. 1938 (R. H. Cran-
dall) [CU]. Texas: 1 ¢?, Ballinger, 30 Aug. 1924 (RHP) [MCZ];
1 ¢, Marfa, 20 July 1946 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 2, Alpine, 11 May
1961 (J. E. Gillaspy) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, 6 mi. W Fort Davis, 15 July
1948 (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 ¢ ¢, Brownsville (J. C. Bridwell) [USNM];
2 22, Port Isabel, Cameron Co., June (HEE) [MCZ, USNM].
Mexico: NuEvo LEON: 1 2, Vallecillo, 2-5 June 1951 (HEE)
[IMCZ]; 1 6, 11 mi. W Monterrey, 2800 feet, 15 Oct. 1957 (HAS)
[OSU]. CHIHUAHUA: 2 2 2, 18 mi. W Chihuahua, 12 Aug. 1951
(PDH) [CIS]; 2 ¢ 2, 18 mi. W Jimenez, 10 Aug. 1951 (HEE)
[MCZ]; 1 ¢, 25 mi. S Chihuahua, 11 Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS]; 1 ¢,
Samalayuca, 24 June [AMNH]; 3 ? 2, 60 mi. S Hidalgo del Parral,
24 Oct. 1957 (HAS) [OSU]. Sonora: 1 6, Valle del Yaqui, 16
April 1957 (FPM) [ENAC]; 1 ¢, 16 mi. SE Empalme, 8 May 1953
(EIS) [CIS]; 1 ¢@, 28 mi. N Hermosillo, 26 April 1961 (RHP)
[MCZ]; 1 @, Aduana, 15 Mch. 1962 (LS) [UCD]. Basa CAtt-
FORNIA: | 6, Mesquital, 22 June [CAS]; 2 2 2, 10 mi. E Mesquital,
23 June [CAS]; 3 2 2, 20 mi. N Mesquital, 27 Sept. [CAS]. Dur-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

238 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

ANGO: 1 2,2 8 8, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (PDH, HEE)
[CIS, MCZ]; 1 2, Tlahualilo, July 1905 (A. W. Merrill) [USNM];
1 ¢,2 86, San Juan del Rio, 7 Aug. 1951 (PDH, HEE) [CIS,
MCZ]. ZACATECAS: 2 2 2,3 6 6, 9 mi. N Ojo Caliente, 12 May
(Qos (DI?) (LUCID, IAugkeos i ©, il 6, 8 mm, S Guadalajara,
Sept. 1954 (FXW) [CAS]; 1 6, 17 mi. S Guadalajara, 25 May 1956
(HAS) [OSU]. GuANAJUATO: 1 ¢, 6 mi. N Silao, 24 Feb. 1953
(EIS) [CIS]. Hipatco: 1 2, 1 6, Zimapan, 8 Oct. 1957 (HAS)
[OSU]. Mexico: 1 2, Teotihuacan, 24 March [Univ. Minn]. More-
Los: 4 ¢ ¢, Alpuyeca & vic., May, July (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CU,
USNM, CIS]; 3 22,5 6 6, Cuernavaca & vic., Mch.-June 1959
(HEE) [CU, USNM, MCZ]; 1 4, Tepoztlan, 14 Apr. 1957 (CY)
[MCZ]; 2 ? 2, Canyon de Lobos, Mch., May 1959 (HEE) [CU].
Oaxaca: 1 6, Oaxaca, 24 Aug. 1957 (HAS) [OSU]. YUCATAN:
1 4, Chichen Itza, June 1929 (JB) [MCZ]; 3 ¢ 6, Progreso, 17-23
July 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. Costa Rica: 1 2, Alajuela, 2 Apr. 1938
(A. Alfaro) [MCZ].

Variation. — The females vary in length from 10 to 18 mm.
Some females lack the black markings on the metanotum, postnotum,
and propodeum and have the black of the mesosternum much re-
duced, while a few females have somewhat more extensive black
markings than described for the type; the apical margins of the basal
abdominal tergites are frequently weakly darkened, though never dis-
tinctly banded with black. The wings of the females vary from
strongly to weakly suffused with yellowish; in nearly all specimens the
weak band at the marginal cell is evident. The clypeus of the females
varies from 1.9 to 2.1 X as wide as high; MID varies from .56 to .62
X TFD, UID from .85 to .95 X LID, antennal segment three from
1.0 to 1.2 X UID. In some specimens POL is subequal to OOL.
There may be 3 or 4 comb-spines on the front basitarsus. In many
specimens the mesosternal flaps are produced laterally to form slender
processes, much as in forridus.

The males vary in length from 7 to 12.5 mm. The amount of
- variation in the black markings is comparable to that of the females;
the wings vary from almost hyaline to wholly lightly infuscated, with a
darker marginal band, and often have only a faint tinge of yellowish
or none at all. MID varies from .59 to .65 X TFD, UID from 1.05
to 1.20 X LID; in some specimens POL barely exceeds OOL. Anten-

HOWARD E. EVANS 239

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(also recorded from Utah) 3 ‘A {ee
A Tochypompilus mendozae (Dalla Torre) ‘ ek >
y |

(also widely distr. in S. America)

nal segment three varies from 1.4 to 2.0 X as long as wide. None of
the variation in either sex seems closely correlated with geography.
I have seen a very few specimens from southern California with wing
color intermediate between that of u. unicolor and u. cerinus.

Tachypompilus mendozae (Dalla Torre) new combination

Pompilus tuberculatus Smith, 1879, Desc. N. Sp. Hymen. Brit. Mus., p. 153
[Type: 2°, ARGENTINA: Mendoza (BMNH, no. 19, 739)]. Pre-
occupied by Smith, 1855.

Salius (Priocnemis) tuberculatus Kohl, 1884, Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien,
34: 45.

Salius mendozae Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., 8: 232. New name.

Pompilus rutilans Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 258-259 [Type: 2°,
BRAZIL: Chapada (CM)]. Synonymy by Banks, 1947.

Arachnophroctonus mendozae Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 383
(Argentina).

The females of this species possess strong tubercles on the sides
of the propodeum as well as yellowish, conspicuously banded wings,
and hence are easily separated from other species of the genus. The
species has not previously been recorded from Central America,

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

240 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

although it appears to be widely distributed in South America.

Female. — Length 13-18 mm. Body rufo-castaneous, marked with black
as follows: extreme anterior part of mesoscutum (sometimes), postnotum and
metapleura at least in part, extreme base and apex of propodeum medially,
mesosternum and anterior margin of mesopleura, base of first abdominal seg-
ment, strong bands on apical margins of first two tergites, and usually some black
at bases of middle and hind coxae. Wings strongly tinged with yellowish, api-
cal margins lightly infuscated, fore wing also infuscated along basal and trans-
verse median veins and again across middle of marginal cell, along second in-
tercubital vein, and through apical half of third discoidal cell. Pubescence
wholly pale; erect hair sparse, pale, propodeum weakly or not at all hairy.
Clypeus 1.7-1.8 X as wide as its median length, shallowly emarginate apically.
Malar space about half as long as second antennal segment. MID .56-.60 X
TFD; UID .80-.86 X LID; antennal segment three 1.3-1.45 XK UID; POL
slightly exceeding OOL. Propodeum with a distinct, nearly flat declivity, on
each side of the declivity with a small, acute tubercle. Front basitarsus with
four comb-spines, the basal one sometimes small, the apical one subequal in
length to the second tarsal segment. Mesosternal flaps transverse, sometimes
produced on the sides.

Male. — Length 11-13 mm. Coloration as in female except some speci-
mens with black in the ocellar triangle, over a considerable part of the an-
terior portion of the mesoscutum, sides of the metanotum, and a considerable
part or (rarely) all of the pleura and coxae; dark band on T2 weaker than
that on T1, sometimes obsolescent; wings as in female but slightly paler.
Clypeus 1.5-1.7 X as wide as high, truncate below. Malar space present,
nearly as long as second antennal segment. MID .58-.62 X TFD; UID and
LID subequal; POL subequal to or slightly exceeding OOL. Vertex weakly
arched above eye tops; temples narrow. Third antennal segment 2.1-2.3 X
as long as wide. Propodeum with a strong, somewhat concave declivity; sides
of propodeum, behind spiracles, with a rounded longitudinal welt which, in
most specimens, is subangularly produced laterally. SGP shaped much as in
ferrugineus, but tending to be somewhat setose along the median ridge.

Distribution. — Argentina, Brazil, Trinidad, and Panama; pre-
sumably widely distributed in South America. (Map 41.)

Central American specimens examined. —1 2,16. PANAMA:
1 ¢, Ancon, Canal Zone (W. M. Wheeler) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Taboga Is-
land, 19 Febr. 1912 (A. Busck) [USNM].

Variation. — The Panama female, like the one female from
Trinidad in the MCZ collection, is rather small and has the upper
part of the metapleura wholly black. The Panama male is also
small and similarly colored. All three specimens have the wings
less intensely yellowish than in the Argentinian females and males

HOWARD E. EVANS 241

before me, all of which also have less black on the metapleura. A
male from Campinas, Brazil, has the coxae and pleura wholly black.

Genus ANOPLIUS Dufour 1%

Psammochares Latreille, 1796, Precis Car. Gen. Insect., p. 115 [Type species:
Sphex fusca Linnaeus, designated by Latreille, 1803]. Name sup-
pressed by Internat. Comm. Zool. Nomen., Opinion 166, 1945.

Anoplius Dufour, 1834, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2: 483 [Type species: Pom-
pilus niger Fabricius (=nigerrimus Scopoli), designated by Fox,
1901]. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 207-361 (re-
vision of Nearctic spp.).

Generic characters. — Size 3 to 30 mm.; color predominantly black, some
species with abdomen partially or wholly reddish, some males with the pro-
notum bordered with pale; apical tergite of female with at least a few stiff,
backward-directed bristles, often densely bristly. Mandibles with one or two
teeth on inner margin. Labrum without a median slit, not or but slightly
protruding from beneath clypeus, the latter truncate or emarginate. Malar
space very short. Antennae elongate, segment three in female at least 3 X
as long as wide, in male at least twice as long as wide. Pronotum rather short,
without a median impression. Postnotum a transverse band of variable width,
never expanded on each side of the median line as in Poecilopompilus and Tre-
lated genera. Propodeum with smooth contours or with a well defined, flat
posterior declivity. Front tarsus of female with or without a comb; apical
tarsal segments spined beneath in female, usually also in male. Claws of
female dentate except bifid in a very few species; claws of male entirely bifid,
inner claws of front tarsus strongly curved and deeply cleft, apical segment
of front tarsus in this sex either modified or not. Pulvillar comb strong, of
from 8 to 24 subparallel rays. Fore wing with three SMCs (rarely only two);
hind wing with anal vein arching up to meet median vein at or slightly before
the cubital fork, occasionally slightly beyond; anal lobe at most half the length
of the submedian cell (figs. 19, 20). Male venter with or without tufts of
hairs; genitalia with the basal hooklets single or absent, aedoeagus simple and
without spines or setae.

Distribution. — Cosmopolitan. The subgenera Anoplius, Pom-
pilinus, and Arachnophroctonus occur widely throughout the globe,
while Lophopompilus is Holarctic. Notiochares and Anopliodes
are, to the best of my knowledge, restricted to the American tropics,
while Cameronoplius is known from a single species occurring in
Central Mexico. There are other subgenera in the tropics of the

18 For full synonymy, see also the various subgenera. For further references,
see Evans, 1951.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

242 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Old World.

Key to Subgenera

Females

1. Front tarsus without a comb, the second segment with or without some
minute spines on the outer side and with the usual apical ones ........... 2
Front tarsus with a comb of short to fairly long spines, the second seg-
ment with a spine on the outer side near the middle which is as long as

that at the vapexsok thisssesment sesesecesssce-ceseeeesseesseeeseseeesess eeceeseeseeeeeeee 3

2. Claws dentate except in ithaca, in this species the inner claws of each pair
longer than the outer claws, in any case the inner ray acute; three SMCs
PTESE Inte eiesse hoes oa, ceevcntaevavvusseceecee deucentacesast net etecssceee eee Anoplius Dufour
Claws bifid, the inner ray truncate, inner and outer claws of each pair of
the same size; only two SMCs present (fig. 20) ...........:ccccssscseccessteseeeeens

siaaauh dessa dees veden cecvaceeeee tee oo cee Steaaae tosenenel cerevecesseceeeens Cameronoplius n. subgen.

3. Anterior margin of clypeus with a distinct median emargination; posterior
margin of pronotum arcuate; head, thorax, and propodeum with abund-
ANTTETECE MAINS Hs sasosossorensdasosderneteceecteeeeece Lophopompilus Radoskowski
Anterior margin of clypeus not emarginate, or if so either the pronotum is
angulate behind or the propodeum is weakly or not at all hairy .......... 4

4. Transverse median vein of fore wing meeting the median vein beyond the
origin of the basal; third SMC usually petiolate; spines of the tarsal comb
short, at most twice as long as thickness of tarsus; wings never wholly

Geep MULISTMOUS) siyuelecisecceccessceevssescseuececees sanceanseeestaeses Pompilinus Ashmead
Transverse median vein meeting media at or slightly before origin of basal,

or if slightly beyond then otherwise not aS abOVE ................:cceeeeeeeeees 4

5. Marginal cell long, removed from wing tip by not more than its own length,
the radial vein rather evenly arched; SMC3 wider on radius than second;

spines of tarsal comb very ShOft ............ccccsccccseenseceeees Anopliodes Banks
Marginal cell of variable length, radial vein always somewhat angled at
third intercubital vein; SMC3 narrower on radius than second ............ 5)

6. Apical margin of clypeus with a median emargination (at least in the North
and Central American species); front narrow, MID not over .56 X TFD
ss Su de Use wabiseuua stars Neamlansbian ne hte nadeaa cee eaaatt sueseneeneeneeenetemeestrore Notiochares Banks

Apical margin of clypeus truncate, or if emarginate the front broader than

E) DXYON@ yacacvoscceaconencnasacudcadenaoerecsobansdeadoneosdononsaebs Arachnophroctonus Howard
Males

1. SGP with a large plumose process at its base which projects from the

emargination of the preceding sternite ...... Lophopompilus Radoszkowski

SGP without a basal plumOse PLOCeSS ..............eececeeeeesssscccceceececcceesecsneeeees 2

2. S4 with a semicircular area of felt-like pubescence along its posterior mar-

HOWARD E. EVANS 243

BOSS OBE GS aORC OSE SE EGE BoC REC ence SER coo OGoE CER cre eee Comer or Notiochares Banks

S4 without such an area of felt-like pubescence; SGP not as above ........ 3

3. Last segment of front tarsus unmodified, the sides nearly parallel, not at all
produced; SMC3 wide above, usually wider above than second ..............

Siac nodOO OSCE REB bd SaS CRRA GESDAS SATS SRE ERE ECE ECC OEEER RAC EEE Anopliodes Banks

Last segment of front tarsus with the inner margin weakly to strongly lobed,
the segment thus asymmetrical (one exception); SMC3 usually more
strongly narrowed above than second, or there may be only two SMCs

4. Propodeum, in profile, sloping evenly from front to rear; venter often with
densesbnushesrok Wnainseer serene keeee eee eres Anoplius Dufour
Propodeum sloping weakly in front, then much more abruptly declivous on
the posterior fourth; venter with brushes of hairs in a few species ...... 5

5. Only two SMCs present, the second large, receiving both recurrent veins;
fore wing with the transverse median and basal veins interstitial (fig. 20)

Se ace a DOC IRIE arc Sa SS Ree ane Cameronoplius n. subgen.

Wey WawS GIES tin Caren sores wey (Caley, 11) cesceasoscansoesesesdoonnoseosesocouccn066 6

6. Transverse median vein of fore wing meeting media at or slightly before
origin of basal vein (fig. 19) .............cc000 Arachnophroctonus Howard
Transverse median vein of fore wing meeting media beyond origin of basal
CNS) SUMS OE 21) a eee nee ano ae aor ee ene nee neice Pompilinus Ashmead

Subgenus LOPHOPOMPILUS Radoszkowski

Lophopompilus Radoszkowski, 1887, Horae Ent. Soc. Ross., 21: 42 [Type
species: Pompilus grandis Eversmann (=samariensis Pallas), desig-
nated by Ashmead, 1902]. — Regan, 1923, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.,

16: 177-194 (generic status; revision of Nearctic spp.). — Evans,
1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 212-226 (subgenus; U. S. spp.
revised).

Pompilogaster Howard, 1901, The Insect Book, pl. V, fig. 19 [Type species:
Pompilus aethiops Cresson, monobasic].

Pompilogastra Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 81 [Type species: Pompilus
aethiops Cresson, monobasic].

Subgeneric characters. — Body with abundant erect hair, including front,
pronotum, mesopleura, coxae, and propodeum. Clypeus of female with a dis-
tinct median emargination. Front rather broad. Posterior margin of prono-
tum arcuate. Female with a comb on the front tarsus; last segment of front
tarsus of male unmodified. SMC3 of fore wing much narrowed above. SGP
of male with a strong basal plumose process which projects from the emar-
gination of the preceding sternite, SGP rounded apically, nearly flat. Male
genitalia with the basal hooklets strong; digiti somewhat spindle-shaped, setose;
parameres elongate, much exceeding the Cigiti.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20)

244 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Distribution. — Holarctic. Two of the Nearctic species occur
in Mexico, one ranging into Guatemala. There are at least two en-
demic species of Lophopompilus in the West Indies, but the sub-
genus does not occur in South America.

Key to Species

Female: front basitarsus with three rather short comb-spines; emargination of
clypeus relatively broad. Male: upper front forming a nearly smooth sur-
face with the eyes; OOL considerably exceeding POL; parameres slender,
with a distinct preapical CUVatUTe ..............-:::ccscsceseeeeseeeee aethiops (Cresson)

Female: front basitarsus with four longer comb-spines; emargination of cly-
peus more narrow and sharply defined. Male: upper front rather flat, espe-
cially near eyes, which tend to bulge slightly from surface of head; OOL
subequal to or slightly exceeding POL; parameres straight, rod-like ............

cleora (Banks)

Bee e eee c cece nent ner esncesseeesseeeasssesesssessssessesessasesssssssssasesssssssesenssssssssssssssses

Anoplius (Faphopompiluc) aethiops (Cresson)

Pompilus aethiops Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 4: 451 [Lectotype:
@, CoLorapo (ANSP, no. 413)].— Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 12: 367 (Orizaba, Mexico). — Cameron, 1893, Biol.
Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 199.

Psammochares ilione Banks, 1910, Psyche, 17: 249 [Type: VircINIA: Falls
Church, 12 Sept. (N. Banks) (MCZ, no. 13, 667)]. Synonymy by
Regan, 1923.

Lophopompilus azotus Banks, 1929, Psyche, 36: [Type: 2, SoUTH DAKOTA:
Springfield, 14 Sept. (H. C. Severin) (MCZ, no. 16, 232)]. Syn-
onymy by Evans, 1951.

Anoplius (Lophopompilus) aethiops Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76:
215-218.

Female. — Length 13-23 mm. Black, pubescence reflecting deep bluish;
wings fuscous, violaceous. Clypeus with a broad arcuate emargination. Front
broad, MID .60-.64 X TED; inner orbits convergent above, UID .80-.88 X
LID; OOL distinctly greater than POL; third antennal segment somewhat
shorter than UID. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines (rarely a small
fourth, basal one), the apical one about half the length of the second tarsal
segment.

Male. — Length 9-18 mm. Color of body and wings as in female. Api-
cal margin of clypeus slightly arcuately concave. MID .62-.66 X TFD; UID
about .90-.95 X LID; OOL distinctly exceeding POL. Upper front and vertex
rather convex, forming a nearly smooth surface with the eyes. SGP with the
basal plumose process relatively short, bearing some long setae. Genitalia with
the parameres slender, slightly arched, with a distinct preapical curvature (see

HOWARD E. EVANS 245

© Anoplius (Lophopompilus) aethiops (Cresson)
(also widely distr. in U.S.)
A Anoplius (Anopliodes) chiriqui Evans

fig. 72 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — This large and relatively common species ranges
from Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to North Carolina,
Texas, and Guatemala. In Mexico the species occurs chiefly in open
fields and meadows at high elevations, and is absent from the deserts
and the coastal plains. (Map 42.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 39 2 °,
25 66. CHIHUAHUA: 1 ¢, San José Babicora, 5 July 1947
(Schramel) [AMNH]. Duranco: 1 2, Las Puentes, 7500 feet, 24
July 1947 (MC) [AMNH]; 1 2, Navios Viejos, 2 Aug. 1951 (PDH)
[CIS]; 1 2,1 4, Palos Colorados, 8000 feet, 5 Aug. 1947 (Spieth)
[AMNH]; 6 2 2, 1 8, Coyotes & vic., 8000 feet, Aug. [MCZ, CIS,
AMNH]; 1 2, 6 mi. NE El Salto, 7900 feet, 23 July 1953 [KU];
1 ¢, 45 mi. W Durango (RHP) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, 2 mi. NE Llano
Grande, 27 Aug. 1956 (JWM) [CIS]. Zacatecas: 9 22,5 66,
15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31 July 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS];
1 ?, 1 mi. N San José de Felix, 14 July 1954 (EIS) [CIS]. JAtisco:
1 ¢, 2 mi. S Tlaquepaque, 11 July 1953 (P. Vaurie) [AMNH].
Mexico: 1 2, 2 64, Teotihuacan Pyramids, June, July [MCZ,

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

246 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

ENAC]; 1 3, 1 mi. W Tepexpan, 7300 feet, 4 July 1959 (B. D.
Valentine) [MCZ]; 1 °, Chapingo, 27 June 1961 (FPM) [ENAC];
1 ¢, Valle de Bravo, 6500 feet, 3 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 9
22,9 66, 34 km. W Toluca, 8500 feet, 9 Aug. 1962 (HEE)
[MCZ]. DisTrRiro FEDERAL: 1 ¢, Los Reyes, 2 July 1952 (EG &
CM) [CIS]. PuEBLA: 1 2, Puebla, 3 July 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS].
VERACRUZ: 1 2, Orizaba [U. Nebraska]. CHIAPAS: 1 2, 4 ¢ 4,
San Cristobal las Casas, 7500 feet, 26 April 1959 (HEE) [CU,
MCZ]. GUATEMALA: 1 2 (no further data) [MCZ].

Anoplius (Lophopompilus) cleora (Banks)

Pompilus aethiops Fox, 1893, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2)4: 9 (Baja Cali-
fornia). — Fox, 1894, ibid., (2)4: 98.— Fox, 1895, ibid., (2)5:
264. Misidentification.

Psammochares cleora Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 108 [Type:
9, CALIFORNIA: Los Angeles, 3 May 1915 (M. C. VanDuzee) (MCZ,
no. 10, 020) ].

Anoplius (Lophopompilus) cleora Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76:
218-220.

Female. — Length 13-19 mm. Black, pubescence obscurely reflecting deep
bluish; wings fuscous, violaceous. Clypeus with a rather narrow and sharply
defined median emargination. MID .58-.63 X TFD; inner orbits strongly con-
vergent above, UID .72-.80 X LID; OOL subequal to or slightly greater than
POL; third antennal segment subequal to or slightly shorter than UID. Front
basitarsus with four strong comb-spines (rarely a small fifth, basal one), the
apical one subequal to or slightiy shorter than the second tarsal segment.

Male. — Length 9-16 mm. Color of body and wings as in female. Api-
cal margin of clypeus slightly concave. MID .61-.64 X TFD; UID .85-.95
X LID; front rather flat, less full between the eyes than in aethiops; OOL
subequal to or slightly exceeding POL. SGP similar to that of aethiops, but
the basal plumose process somewhat longer. Genitalia with the parameres
distinctly wider and straighter than in aethiops, with no preapical curvature;
parameres strongly setose on ventral surface apically (see fig. 73 in Evans,
1951).

Distribution. — This species occurs transcontinentally in southern
Canada and the United States except that it is largely absent in the
southeastern states. In Mexico there are only a few records, but
the species must be widely distributed in northern Mexico and at
higher altitudes south to Jalisco and Puebla. (Map 43.)

Mexican specimens examined. —5 22, 4 66. BAJA CALI-

HOWARD E. EVANS 247

@ Anoplius (Lophopompilus) cleora (Banks)
(also widely distr. in U.S.)
A Anoplius (Anopliodes) bolli Banks
(also widely distr. in eastern U.S.)
A\ Anoplius (Anopliodes) varius (Fabricius) ;
(also occurs in northern S. America) { Ke 5

oe
IFA

FORNIA: 1 ¢, El Paraiso, May 1889 (C. Haines) [CAS]; 1 ¢, San
Pedro, Dist. Sur, July 1919 (G. F. Ferris) [CIS]; 2 ¢ 6, La Paz,
June [CAS]. Sonora: 1 4, Pitiquito, 4 July 1952 (P. Vaurie)
[AMNH]. Jaisco: 3 ¢ 2, Guadalajara, 5000 feet, 12 July 1959
(HEE) [CU, MCZ]. PuEBia: 1 ¢, 3 mi. NW Petlalcingo, 2 April
1962 (FDP) [UCD].

Subgenus NOTIOCHARES Banks

Notiochares Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 107, 108 [Type species:
Pompilus philadelphicus Lepeletier (=Jepidus atramentarius Dahl-
bom), monobasic. — Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 408-
411 (South American spp., in part). — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 76: 226-234 (U. S. spp.).

Subgeneric characters. — Similar in size and gross features to Lopho-
pompilus, but body much less hairy than in that subgenus, the scape not hairy,
pronotum, pleura, coxae, and propodeum only slightly to moderately hairy.
Clypeus of female arcuately concave or distinctly emarginate apically. Front
rather narrow in most species; antennae elongate, segment three in female
usually as great as or greater than UID, segment three in male exceeding one
or four. Posterior margin of pronotum angulate. Female with a tarsal comb;

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

248 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

last segment of front tarsus of male unmodified. SMC3 much narrowed above,
often subtriangular; marginal cell removed from wing tip by about or some-
what less than its own length, the radial vein always somewhat angulate at the
third intercubital vein. S4 of male with a semicircular mat of dense, short,
black pile along its posterior margin. SGP at the base internally with a broad
expansion on each side, at the apex of which is a small group of short, thick
setae; apex of plate with a V-shaped emargination on each side of which it is
more or less pointed (figs. 75-77). Parameres of the genitalia with a strong
squama beyond which they are very slender; digiti covered with short setae;
basal hooklets replaced by small, flap-like lobes; aedoeagus simple, somewhat
expanded on the apical half.

Distribution. — Neotropical region, with two species extending
into the southern parts of the Nearctic region.

Remarks. — In my 1951 treatment of this subgenus, I considered
the North America elements to belong to a single polytypic species.
However, two supposed subspecies both occur in southern Florida
and do not intergrade, and study of the Mexican and Central Ameri-
can fauna reveals that two forms occur widely there and do not in-
tergrade. I now feel that two polytypic species are unquestionably
involved, one (amethystinus) being much more widely distributed
and the only one occurring in the West Indies, northwestern Mexico
and southwestern United States (west of Texas), and much of South
America. The second species has a more limited range in northern
South America, Central America, southern and eastern Mexico, and
the eastern half of the United States. I am using the name lepidus
Say for this species, although Say’s type has long since been lost.
I have selected a neotype which agrees perfectly with Say’s descrip-
tion, as this seems to me a better solution than to consider Say’s name
a nomen dubium. The latter solution would necessitate the use of
the name coxalis Banks, a name less directly applicable to the Mexi-
can and Central American population, this species having been de-
scribed from specimens from British Guiana, which is on the per-
iphery of the range. This population might be considered subspecifi-
cally distinct by some people, thus requiring a new name for the
Mexican and Central American population.

HOWARD E. EVANS 249

Key to Species
Females

Hind tibial spurs but little curved at their apices, the shorter spur straight
or with a weak curvature; pubescence of entire body an intense blue or
blue-green, occasionally somewhat silvery on the base of the mandibles
and lower temples, but not on the front or elsewhere (amethystinus) .. 2

Tibial spurs more or less curved apically, the shorter spur of the hind tibia
with a quite distinct preapical curvature; pubescence dark violaceous or
purplish to blue or blue-green of moderate intensity, when approaching
intensity of amethystinus always with silvery or light cinereous pubescence
on the front, sometimes also elsewhere (lepidus)

Clypeal emargination strongly defined, evenly concave; majority of speci-
mens with the hairs of the propodeum sparse and short, generally shorter
than maximum width of scape; range: Leeward Islands and Panama to
southern Florida, Veracruz, and through western Mexico to Arizona and
southern California ..................005 amethystinus amethystinus (Fabricius)

Most specimens with the clypeal emargination a little broader than above
and with its base (i.e., on the midline) truncate or even weakly dentate;
many specimens with the hairs of the propodeum more dense and in part
about as long as the maximum width of the scape; range: Panama and
Windward Islands south to northern Argemtima .................ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeees
SORES BOS DEDECO A SER CECR EEE GSO DE CUE CRCRCCEEEERPEE amethystinus exclusus (Smith)

Pubescence extensively blue or blue-green, always silvery or light cinereous
on the front and temples, sometimes more extensively so; range: Mexico
CO) JERI ol (GHUITEIE), Ass cocpesseooeucaasacoocsoncdaocaseoasoocenoeceécedes lepidus lepidus (Say)

Pubescence dark violaceous or purplish, with limited bluish reflections in
certain lights; often with brownish pubescence on the front, coxae, and
venter, but rarely silvery on the front or temples; range: eastern United
NS PALES ieee cst te teres ec oases encased evarencaccaustrenies lepidus atramentarius (Dahlbom)

Males

SGP with a sharply defined, polished median carina, somewhat arched in
profile and reaching nearly to the base of the apical emargination, the
plate laterad of the median carina with some rather strong setigerous
punctures (fig. 77); pubescence intensely blue or blue-green, sometimes
silvery on the front and temples (amethyStinusS) ............cc.cceeeeeereeeneeeeeees 2

SGP with the median carina low, not polished or sharply defined, usually
barely evident toward the apex, the sides of the plate more weakly punc-
tate than above (figs. 75, 76); pubescence variable (lepidus) .............. 3

Apex of SGP with the lateral prongs sharp, the emargination between them
strong and angular, the depth of the emargination at least half as long as
the distance between tips of the apical prongs (fig. 77b); propodeum

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOc., 20

250 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

with a generally smaller number of hairs on the sides than below ...........
CBSCECSTISUCCSHOEe CODEC ECOOEE DGC CODE EERE amethystinus amethystinus (Fabricius)
Apex of SGP with the lateral prongs shorter and blunter in most specimens,
the depth of the emargination generally about one third (.25-.40) as long
as the distance between the tips of the apical prongs (fig. 77a); pro-
podeum quite hairy on the sides of the posterior slope .................:--:ee0-

RE LRaeae Sees eee ani casi mead Meat aitals tiny aac ete amethystinus exclusus (Smith)
3. Pubescence strongly bluish or blue-green, always silvery or light cinereous
on the front and temples, sometimes more extensively so; apical prongs
of SGP generally sharp and the emargination strong and angular, as de-
scribed for amethystinus amethystinus, but specimens from northern
South America often more like exclusus in this regard (fig. 76) .............-
BS AS aaa ROUTOR EAC CSC ORE CRE HELE EPEC EET Aer Ered Naaeaneedsonaciaadobs lepidus lepidus (Say)
Pubescence brownish-violaceous or somewhat purplish, reflecting bluish to
a moderate degree in certain lights, not usually silvery on the front;
emargination and apical prongs of SGP variable, rarely as sharply angu-
lar as in Mexican specimens of /. lepidus (fig. 75) ........-..:::cceceeeseesseeeeees
eB Bar SERA OPr Ro ne SECA EDA SaCocEReacseEr ec oceces lepidus atramentarius (Dahlbom)

Anoplius (Notiochares) amethystinus amethystinus (Fabricius)

Sphex amethystina Fabricius, 1793, Ent. Syst. Emend. & Auct., Il, p. 210
[Type: 2°, VirGIN IsLANps: St. Croix (Dr. Pflug) (? no longer ex-
tant) ].

Pompilus amethystinus Fabricius, 1798, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 247. — Taschen-
berg, 1869, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw., 34: 50.— Dalla Torre, 1897,
Cat. Hymen., v. 8, p. 272.

Pepsis amethystina Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piezatorum, p. 215. — Cresson, 1867,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 149. — Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen.,
v. 8, p. 246.

Pompilus anceps Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 4: 130 [Type: 6, CuBA
(ANSP, no. 420)]. Preoccupied by Smith, 1862; synonymy by Evans,
1951.

Pompilus cubensis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 93 (new name
for anceps). Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Pompilus philadelphicus var. cubensis Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc., Nat.
Hist., 12: 366 (Orizaba, Mexico).

Pompilus propinquus Fox, 1891, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 18: 339 [Type: 2,
JAMAICA: Kingston (USNM, no. 1858)]. Preoccupied by Smith,
1879. New synonym.

Pompilus philadelphicus Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 197
(in part). — Fox, 1895, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2)5: 264 (Baja
California, Nayarit).

Pompilus dux Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., 8: 286 (new name for pro-
pinquus Fox, nec Smith). New synonym.

Pompilus amethystinoides Strand, 1911, Arch. Naturg., v. 77, bd. 1, suppl. 2,

HOWARD E. EVANS 251

p. 147 (proposed as new name for amethystinus Taschenberg, be-
lieved to differ from amethystinus Fabricius). New synonym.
Pompilus philadelphicus var. floridensis Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
61: 106 [Type: 2, FLoripa: Gulfport, Sept. (Reynolds) (MCZ, no.
10, 021)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.
Notiochares fulgidus Banks, 1928, Harvard Biol. Lab. Cuba, Studies in Cuban
Insects, I, p. 9 (not fulgidus Cresson; misidentification).
Notiochares cubensis Bradley, 1946, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., 18: 130.
Anoplius (Notiochares) amethystinus amethystinus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 76: 229-231 (except South American records here reas-
signed to amethystinus exclusus, Central American records in part to
lepidus lepidus).

Female. — Length 12-22 mm. Black; pubescence a brilliant, dark blue or
blue-green over most of the body and legs, often somewhat brownish on the
under side cf the coxae, often cinereous or silvery on the base of the mandibles
and lower temples, but the front with dark pubescence; wings fuliginous, with
strong bluish reflections. Head and prothorax with moderately dense, dark
setae; mesonotum and middle and hind coxae sparsely setose; mesopleura at
most with inconspicuous short setae; propodeum with some short, rather in-
conspicuous hair on the sides, none of the hairs as long as the maximum width
of the scape; abdomen strongly setose ventrally and densely bristly apically.
Clypeus with a strongly defined, rather evenly concave median emargination.
Front narrow, MID varying from .52 to .56 X TFD (mean .54); inner orbits
subparallel below, convergent above, UID .75-.88 X LID. POL and OOL sub-
equal. Antennae elongate, third segment equal to from 1.1 to 1.25 X UID.
Front basitarsus with four comb-spines, the spines slightly longer than the
width of the tarsus at their base (except the basal one often shorter than the
others). Tibial spurs straight except shorter spur of middle tibia usually with
a strong preapical curvature, shorter spur of hind tibia sometimes with a weak
preapical curvature. SMC3 narrowed by half to two-thirds above.

Male. — Length 9-17 mm. Color of body and wings as in female, except
the lower front usually silvery or at least light cinereous, as well as the temples
and the base of the mandibles. Erect setae of head and thorax about as in
female, the propodeum with a moderate amount of short hair on the sides;
abdominal sternites (except the first) each with a number of strong setae in a
transverse band; SGP with some strong setae toward the apex. Clypeus about
twice as broad as high. MID .56-.61 X TFD; UID slightly less than LID;
POL subequal to or slightly greater than OOL. Third antennal segment slightly
longer than fourth, more than 3 X as long as wide. Middle and hind tibial
spurs distinctly curved apically. SGP with a high, polished median carina
which is somewhat arched in profile toward the apex, also with relatively strong
but much shorter lateral carinae; plate with numerous strong setigerous punc-
tures, especially on the apical half; apex with two sharp lateral angulations be-
tween which it is sharply, angularly emarginate, the depth of the emargination

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

DSA MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

generally at least half (.5-.7) XK as great as the apical width measured from
the tips of the lateral prongs (fig. 77b). Genitalia as described under the
generic heading as figured by Evans, 1951, fig. 77 (the genitalia are much
alike throughout this subgenus and of little value in species discrimination).

Distribution. — Panama to Mexico (Veracruz, Morelos) and up
the west coast of Mexico to Arizona and southern California; also
West Indies from Guadaloupe to Jamaica, Cuba, and the Bahamas,
and throughout the southern third of the Florida peninsula. U. S.
records were presented by Evans, 1951; I have since seen much
additional material from Florida, Arizona, and California, but none
of it extends the known distribution materially. Material from Pan-
ama and the Windward Islands southward is here included under
amethystinus exclusus (Smith); intergradation of the two forms is
discussed under that subspecies. (Map 44.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 61 2 2,
38 66. PANAMA: 2 2 2, Summit, Oct., Dec. (N. L. H. Krauss)
[USNM]; 5 2 2, 3 ¢ 6, Barro Colorado Island, Feb.-Sept. (CWR,
P. Rau) [KU, MCZ, USNM]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢, Palmar, May
(D. O. Allen) [USNM]; 1 ¢, 1 4, Golfito, July-Aug. 1957 (Truxal
& Menke) [Los Angeles Co. Mus.]; | 2°, San Carlos [USNM]; 1 ¢,
San José (M. Valerio) [USNM]; 2 ¢ 6, Columbiana Farm, Santa
Clara Prov., Apr. 1924 (H. W. Atkinson) [USNM]. Honpuras:
1 ¢, Puerto Castilla, Mch. (JB) [MCZ]; 1 2°, Rio Paulaya, El Dor-
ado, 16 Apr. 1923 (T. H. Hubbell) [U. Mich.]. GUATEMALA: 1 2,
Bananera, 50 feet elev., Mch. (C. N. Ainslie) [USNM]; 1 2, El
Salto, Escuintla, 28 June 1934 (JB) [MCZ]; 1 2,1 ¢, Pt. Barrios,
3 Mch. 1905 (J. S. Hine) [Ohio State Univ.]. British HONDURAS:
1 4, Benque Viejo (Stanton) [USNM]; 1 ¢, Mt. Pine Ridge, Mch.
1931 (Bartlett) [USNM]. Mexico: Oaxaca: 3 2 2, 14 6 4, Palo-
mares, 5 Sept. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]. VeERAcRuz: 1 2, Jalapa, 6
July 1962 (RHP) [USNM]; 1 ¢, 4 mi. W Puerto Mexico, 18 April
1953 (EIS) [Els]; 1 2) 1 mi N Vecolutla, 12 June 1961 (KU 22
22,6 44, Minatitlan, 26 Aug.-1 Sept. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]; 1 ¢,
Orizaba, 8 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]; 3 2 ¢, Acayucan, 23 Oct.
1957 (RRD) [MSU]. More Los: 3 ? 2,3 ¢ 6, Cuernavaca & vic.,
Jan.-Apr., Sept. (HEE, CY) [MCZ, CU]. MicuoAcan: 1 ¢, Zam-
ora, 8 Sept. 1938 (L. Lipovsky) [KU]. JALIsco: 2 92,2 84,
Guadalajara, July (McClendon) [ANSP]. Nayarit: 1 ¢&, Tepic

HOWARD E. EVANS 255

[CAS]; 1 ¢, San Blas, 27 Aug. 1959 (LS & AM) [CIS]. SINALoa:
3 22,3 868, Los Mochis, July, Aug. (C. T. Dodds) [USNM].
SonorA: 1 ¢, Hermosillo, 25 May 1955 (B. Malkin) [CIS]. Baga
CALIFORNIA: 1 2, Loreto, 20 May 1921 (E. P. VanDuzee) [CIS];
2 2 2, San José del Cabo [CAS].

Remarks. — It seems curious that this species, which occurs
widely in relatively humid areas, should extend up the west coast of
Mexico into Arizona and southern California, for much of this area
is quite arid. However, scarcely any variation worthy of note occurs
throughout the extensive range of this form.

Anoplius (Notiochares) amethystinus exclusus (Smith) new combination

Pompilus exclusus Smith, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4)11: 444 [Type: ¢,
BraziL: Para (BMNH, no. 19, 700)].— Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat.
Hymen., v. 8, p. 288. — Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
49: 249.

Pompilus amethystinus Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 49: 242
(Brazil).

Pompilus pisoensis Strand, 1911, Arch. Naturg., v. 77, bd. 1, suppl. 2, pp. 147-
150 [Type: ¢, Ecuapor: Piso (DeJoannis) (said to be in Paris Mus.;
I have not seen it)]. New synonym.

Notiochares antillana Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 94: 184 [Type:
6, BarBapos: Aug. 1912 (Spencers) (MCZ, no. 25, 743)]. New
synonym.

Notiochares amethystina Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 111 (Br. Guiana). —
Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 410 (Colombia and
Guianas to Paraguay and Bolivia).

As Banks (1947) has pointed out, South American males of
amethystinus have the subgenital plate less sharply and deeply ex-
cised apically than in “cubanus”; but Banks failed to realize that
specimens from the Virgin Islands (type locality of amethystinus)
are like “cubanus”. However, Smith’s name exclusus is available
for the South American form, which intergrades with typical amethy-
stinus in Panama and extends up the Lesser Antilles to Barbados and
St. Vincent. I consider exclusus at best a weak subspecies (see
further discussion below, under “variation” ).

Female. — Length 14-22 mm.; coloration of body and wings exactly as in
a. amethystinus; erect hairs about as in that subspecies except that some speci-
mens have slightly longer hair on the mesopleura, and many specimens have

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

254 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

the hair on the propodeum slightly denser and longer, the longest hairs often
about as long as the maximum width of the scape. Clypeal emargination nearly
always a little broader and shallower than in a. amethystinus, its base (at the
midline) generally rather straight or even projecting slightly as a very weak
‘median tooth. Other characters as described for the nominate subspecies.

Male. — Length 9-17 mm. Coloration differing in no way from that of
the nominate subspecies; erect hairs as in that form except many specimens
with a slightly larger number of erect hairs on the propodeum, most specimens
with the mesopleura and middle and hind coxae somewhat hairy. Features
of head and thorax as described for a. amethystinus, the abdomen also as in
that form (including the genitalia) except that the lateral apical prongs of the
SGP are usually less sharply angulate, the median emargination less sharply
angulate and less deep; the depth of the emargination varies from .25 to .40
X the apical width (measured between the tips of the lateral prongs), with
occasional exceptions as noted below (fig. 77a).

Distribution. — Windward Islands (Barbados, St. Vincent) and
Panama south to Bolivia and northern Argentina. The record from
Argentina is based on a single female from “Delta de Buenos Aires”,
7 April 1927 (M. Kisliuk) [USNM]. Fox (1897) and Banks (1944,
1947) provide numerous South American records for this apparently
common form. (Map 44.)

Central American specimens examined. —10 2° 2,7 6 6. PAN-
AMA: 1 2, Ancon, May (J. Zetek) [USNM]; 8 2 2, 7 4 ¢, Barro
Colorado Island, Feb.-Sept. (CWR, P. Rau) [KU, MCZ, USNM]; 1
?, Changuinola Dist., 28 Apr. 1924 (J. C. Bradley) [CU].

Variation. — It will be noted that 15 specimens from Barro Col-
orado Island are listed under exclusus, 8 under a. amethystinus.
This is because these specimens key best to that subspecies in the
key provided, but taken as a whole the series shows every possible
gradation in the emargination of the clypeus of the female and of
the subgenital plate of the male from typical specimens of each of the
subspecies; perhaps more logically the whole series should be labeled
as intergrades. The two specimens from Guayaquil, Ecuador, men-
tioned by Banks (1947) as possibly representing pisoensis Strand,
have the subgenital plate typical of a. amethystinus (depth of the
emargination .57 and .70 X apical width), possibly representing an
introgression of genes from typical amethystinus down the west coast
of South America to this point. Many specimens from northern
South America have no more hair on the propodeum than in a.

HOWARD E. EVANS D5)

\J io) ieee Ss UNG HOE oH
N i ( i eT alet e aees
! l | (c =
AG | ea oy
ae i : “Se et ; N
SN ! _ { | \ XS
~~ i =| ios =a) i \ \
ite : ! I (
ae MR cert thos
A “x @ ( Se 2. i Vt
ip (f a \
Te \ ot e
WYER GUNS 0) =
\ ¢ & SS Y
\ LWTXrV? on f
se wees ate z ger
ia JN a U
(2 h. S. &.
Re, V2 one .
Sea ~ g yo.
Bay Ra /N NX
'e rik) ; ES) g
Peas Y
<5 eee . (0
x y
se 5 = I ae
a Af ee ell ee
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a }
$ aig ee
- sy “A
Map 44 si
@ Anoplius (Notiochares) a. amethystinus (Fabricius) & 0 2 /)
O SON

(also northern S. America)

(also West Indies to Guadaloupe) : 4 : ee
O Anoplius (N.) a. exclusus (Smith) Y 6 Cy Yeh

amethystinus; in fact, some Brazilian and Guianan specimens have
remarkably little hair on the propodeum. Nevertheless most speci-
mens can be properly placed to subspecies by the nature of the cly-
peal or subgenital emargination.

Anoplius (Notiochares) lepidus lepidus (Say) new combination

Pompilus lepidus Say, 1835, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., 1: 304 [Type: ¢, “MeEx-
Ico” (no longer extant) ]. — Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
1: 94-95 (not identified). — Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., 12: 367 (Orizaba, Mexico; Cresson apparently placed speci-
mens of several species under this name).— Cameron, 1893, Biol.
Cent.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 199 (not identified).

Pompilus philadelphicus Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p.
197 (in part).

Notiochares philadelphicus Banks, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67: 338
(Panama).

Anoplius lepidus Bradley, 1944, Notulae Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., no. 145,
p- 9 (not lepidus as interpreted here; Bradley examined some of
Cresson’s material and found it to belong to Anoplius, subgenus
Anoplius).— Dreisbach, 1950, Amer. Midl. Nat., 43: 584 (not
identified ) .

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

256 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Notiochares coxalis Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venez., 4: 100-101 [Type: 92,
BRITISH GUIANA: Kartabo, July-Aug. 1920 (W. M. Wheeler) (MCZ,
no. 26, 700)].— Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 410.
New synonym.

Anoplius (Notiochares) amethystinus amethystinus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 76: 229-231 (in part; several Mexican and Central Ameri-
can records).

Say’s name has been employed very loosely (or not at all) in
the past. There are no specimens in the Harris collection at the
MCZ which might represent type material of this species, and there
seems no question that the type has been destroyed, like most of
Say’s. In order to pin down the name once and for all, I have
selected the following neotype: ¢, Mexico: MoreLos: 3 mi. NW
Cuernavaca, 6500 feet, 7 June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. This speci-
men is 10 mm. long (1.e., two-fifths of an inch, as Say indicated),
and agrees perfectly with Say’s description so far as it goes. The
males placed by Cresson in /epidus and mentioned by Bradley (1944)
have strong hair-tufts on the abdomen (not mentioned by Say) and
on the whole agree less well with the description. If one were to
use the name /epidus in the subgenus Anoplius or discard it as a
nomen oblitum, the name coxalis would have to be used for this
form. However, coxalis was described from highly silvery-sericeous
specimens from the extremity of the range, and future studies may
indicate that this form should be regarded as a third subspecies. I
might add that specimens in the MCZ determined by Banks as lepi-
dus (although not published as such) agree with the present inter-
pretation of this form.

The curvature of the tibial spurs is a less than ideal character
for separating the females of amethystinus and lepidus. Actually
only lepidus lepidus is broadly sympatric with amethystinus, and
two additional characters are useful for its identification: the front
of 1. lepidus tends to be narrower (MID averaging .53 X TFD as
compared to .54 in amethystinus), and the pubescence is a little
finer and less intensely bluish, also always silvery or at least pale
cinereous on the sides of the lower front (and sometimes elsewhere).
By using the three characters in combination, one can usually sep-
arate the females, although the matter is still more difficult than
separation of the males.

HOWARD E. EVANS 257

Female. — Length 11-21 mm. Black; pubescence rather strongly reflect-
ing various shades of blue, blue-green, or violet over much of the body, in-
cluding the femora, pubescence on the mesosternum and under side of the
coxae brownish, that of the base of the mandibles, temples, and sides of the
lower front light brownish or cinerous to silvery, some specimens also with
silvery pubescence on the coxae, including the hind coxae above, and the pos-
terior margin of the propodeum; wings fuliginous, with strong bluish reflec-
tions. Front and vertex with moderately dense, dark setae; temples and pro-
pleura densely setose; front coxae with some strong setae, but other coxae
sparsely if at all setose; pronotum and propodeum with some short, fine hair,
the thoracic dorsum and pleura scarcely hairy; abdomen setose ventrally and
densely bristly apically. Clypeus with a strong median emargination. Front
very narrow, scarcely wider than the two eyes taken together, MID varying
from .51 to .55 X TFD (mean .53); inner orbits subparallel below or slightly
diverging to the middle, then strongly convergent above; POL subequal to or
slightly exceeding OOL. Third antennal segment equal to from 1.15 to 1.50
X UID. Front basitarsus with four comb-spines, the spines slightly longer
than the width of the tarsus at their base (except the basal one often shorter
than the others). Middle and hind tibial spurs tending to be more strongly
curved apically than in amethystinus, shorter spur of hind tibia always evi-
dently curved near the tip, usually quite strongly so. Third submarginal cell
narrowed by .4-.8 above.

Male. — Length 9-14 mm. Coloration of body and wings as described for
the female, the lower front and temples always with silvery pubescence. Erect.
setae about as in female, except coxae and thoracic dorsum tending to be
slightly more setose, the propodeum also with somewhat longer and more
abundant setae; abdomen sternites and the apical tergite each with some strong
setae. Clypeus about twice as broad as high. MID .55-.60 X TFD; inner
orbits strongly convergent on their upper third, UID distinctly less than LID;
POL subequal to or slightly greater than OOL. Third antennal segment
slightly longer than fourth. Spurs of middle and hind tibiae curved at their
tips. SGP somewhat elevated medially, especially toward the base, but with-
out a strongly defined, polished median carina as in amethystinus; basal half
with a pair of lateral carinae of variable development; apical half with some
strong setae, but the punctures from which they arise generally less strong
than in amethystinus; apical emargination strong, angular, the lateral prongs
rather sharp, depth of the emargination usually .6 or more X as great as the
distance between the apical prongs (fig. 76) (but see below, under “variation”.
Genitalia not differing noticeably from those of amethystinus.

Distribution. — British Guiana to Ecuador, north through Cen-
tral America to Sinaloa and San Luis Potosi. I have seen no speci-
mens from Tamaulipas, but I would expect specimens from that state
to show evidence of intergradation with atramentarius (see also under

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

258 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

that subspecies). (Map 45.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 170 2 2,
151 ¢¢. PANAMA: 1 2, Boquete, Chiriqui [USNM]; 1 2, 1 ¢,
Alhajuela, Mch. (A. Busck) [USNM]; 2 2 °, Pacora, Apr., May
[USNM]; 2 22,1 6, Cabima, May 1911 (A. Busck) [USNM]; 8
22,10 ¢ 4, Barro Colorado Isl., Mch.-Nov. [MCZ, USNM, KSU,
KU]; 1 ¢&, Frijoles, 10 July 1924 (NB) [MCZ]; 1 3, Rio Trinidad
(A. Busck) [USNM]; 1 2, 1 6, nr. Rio Trinidad, Gatun Lake, 25
Mch. 1920 (J. C. Bradley) [CU]. Costa Rica: 1 ?, 1 ¢, San
Carlos [USNM]; 12 2 2,12 6 6, Pacuare, May-July 1949 (KWC)
[USNM, MCZ]; 10 22, 13 44, Turrialba, July 1949 (KWC)
[USNM, MCZ]; 6 2 2, Monteverde, Feb. 1963 (CWR) [KSU]; 3
6 6, Los Diamantes, 1948 (KWC) [USNM]; 1 ¢, Palmar (D. O.
Allen) [USNM]; 1 2, 3 ¢ 6, 12 mi. SW Canis, Guanacaste Prov.,
27 Feb. 1964 (HEE) [MCZ]. Et SALvapor: 14 ¢ °, 4 6 4, 2.5
mi. W Quezaltepeque, July 1961 (M. Irwin) [UCD]. Honpuras:
1 ¢,2 68, Tela, May (T. H. Hubbell) [U. Mich.]; 1 4, Rio Pau-
laya, El Dorado, Apr. 1923 [U. Mich.]; 3 2? 2, Corocito, 3 Apr.
1924 (JB) [MCZ]; 1 2, Roatan, Bay Is., 20 April 1935 (M. Bates)
[MCZ]; 1 6, Aguan R. Valley, Apr. 1923 (T. H. Hubbell) [U.
Mich.]; 1 2°, Subirana, Yoro (Stadelmann) [MCZ]; 2 6 6, Sangre-
laya, 13 Apr. 1924 (JB) [MCZ]. British HonpurAs: 1 ?,2 2 2,
Augustine Mt. Pine Ridge, 3-7 July 1963 (CCP) [MCZ]; 2 ¢ 4,
Hummingbird Gap, Stann Cr. Dist., 8-11 July 1963 (CCP) [MCZ].
GUATEMALA: 1| 2, Tikal, Petén, 15 May 1956 (T. H. Hubbell) [U.
Mich.];1 2,1 4, El Salto, Escuintla, June (FXW) [MCZ]. Mexico:
CHIAPAS: 1 2, 7.5 km. above Soyalo, 18 Apr. 1959 (T. C. Emmel)
[Los Angelos Co. Mus]; 1 2°, 7 4 6, Simojovel & vic., Mch. (EIS,
RCB) [CIS]; 1 2, Ocozocoautla, 26 July 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS];
1 6, Pueblo Nuevo, 20 Mch. 1953 (EIS) [CIS]; 1 2, 4 mi. NW
Cocosingo, 8 Mch. 1953 (EIS) [CIS]; 1 ¢, 1 ¢, Ixtapa, 11 Apr.
1962 (FDP) [UCD]; 5 44, 28 mi. W Cintalapa, 9 Apr. 1962
(FDP) [UCD]. Oaxaca: 3 22, 4 64, 7 mi. NE Juchitan, 18
July 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS, MCZ]; 1 ¢, 28 mi. N Matias Romero,
250 feet, 25 June 1961 [KU]; 1 2°, 4 6 6, Palomares, 5 Sept. 1961
(RRD) [MSU]; 1 ¢, El Camaron, 21 July 1956 (JWM) [CIS]; 2
2 2, 22 mi. W Rio Coatzacoalcos, 14 Dec. 1955 (E. Bay) [CU];

HOWARD E. EVANS 259

1 ¢,2 6 6, Tehuantepec, 18 July 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS]. Yuca-
TAN: 1 2, 16 mi. N Merida, 17 July 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. Cam-
PECHE: 1 2,1 ¢, Candelaria, Dec. 1944 (M. Guerra) [AMNH];
1 6, Escaranga, Dec. 1944 (M. Guerra) [AMNH]. VERACRUZ:
1 2, Cordoba (F. Knals) [USNM]; 1 ¢, 6 mi. N Jesus Carranza,
25 June 1961, 250 feet [KU]; 2 22, 1 6, Orizaba [MCZ, RRD];
4 ° 2,5 mi. E Acultzingo, 5000 feet, 15 June 1959 (HEE) [CU,
MCZ];3 22,9 2 8, Fortin de las Flores, June, Sept. (FXW, HEE)
[CAS, MCZ]; 1 ¢, 3 mi. S Santa Rosa, 17 Aug. 1959 (LS & AM)
[UCD]; 1 3, 25 km. from Sureste, Aug. 1944 (M. Guerra) [AMNH];
3 86, 7 mi. SE Catemaco, 28 April 1953 (RCB & EIS) [CIS,
MCZ]; 2 22,5 82, Minatitlan, 26 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU];
2 22, Rio Blanco, 13 Nov. 1957 (RRD) [MSU]; 2 2 2, Acay-
ucan, 23 Oct. 1953 (RRD) [MSU]. SAN Luis Potost: 1 ¢, El
Salto, 1800 feet, 8 June 1961 [KU]; 1 2,4 ¢ 2, Xilitla, July 1954
[KU]; 1 2, Picolco, 21 May 1952 (MC) [AMNH]; 6 2 é, 15 mi.
S Pujal, 21 June 1953 [KU, MCZ]. Mexico: 1 2,2 4 8, Valle de
Bravo, 6500 feet, 3 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. Moretos: 55 2 °,
24 64, Cuernavaca & vic., Mch.-June, Aug., Nov. [MCZ, CU,
ENAC, CAS, RRD, USNM]; 1 2, 1 6, Yautepec & vic., Mch.-
April 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Tepoztlan, May 1956 (CY) [MCZ];
1 ¢, Cuautla, Sept. [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Puente de Ixtla, 2000 feet, 31 July
1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Tetecala, 25 Mch. 1959 (HEE) [MCZ];
1 6, Huajintlan, 2800 feet, 28 May 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. CoLimMa:
2 22,2 84, Colima (L. Conrad) [USNM]. Nayarit: 1 2, 17
mi. NW Tepic, 23 Nov. 1948 (ESR) [CAS]; 3 ? ¢, Ahuacatlan, 18
July 1951 (PDH) [CIS]. SrnaLoa: 1 ¢, Chupaderos, 600 feet, 21
Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ].

South American specimens examined. —4 22,9 66. EcUA-
por: 1 2, Guayaquil, 1930 (F. Campos R.) [USNM]. VENEZUELA:
1 8, Caripito, 14 Aug. 1937 (L Martorell) [USNM]; 1 2°, Caipe
(P. Anduze) [MCZ]. BritTisH GUIANA: 2 2 2, 8 é 4, Kartabo,
July-Aug. 1920 (W. M. Wheeler) [MCZ].

Variation. — Both sexes show a greater amount of silvery pu-
bescence toward the south. The majority of specimens from Hon-
duras to Panama, and all of those from South America, have silvery
pubescence on the upper part of the hind coxae and in a transverse

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

260 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

band across the posterior edge of the propodeum (coxalis Banks).
Panama males and those from Venezuela and British Guiana also
have the emargination of the subgenital plate less deep and the lateral
prongs less sharp, thus paralleling a trend in amethystinus, although
the break is less distinct than between that form and its subspecies
exclusus. Among these males from Panama eastward the depth of
the emargination measures from .35 to .70 X the width between the
apical prongs, this figure being very variable and showing much
overlap with that for specimens from localities farther north and
west.

Anoplius (Notiochares) lepidus atramentarius (Dahlbom) new combination

Pompilus atramentarius Dahlbom, 1844, Hymen. Europ., I, p. 48 [Type: ¢é,
“NorRTH AMERICA” (Univ. of Lund, no. 54)].

Pompilus philadelphicus Lepeletier, 1845, Hist. Nat. Insectes, Hymen., III, p.
423 [Type: 2, PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia (location of type not
known to me) ].— Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 87.
Synonymy by Evans, 1951.
Pompilus philadelphicus var. sericatus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
4: 202 [Type: 6, Texas: Dallas (Boll) (ANSP, no. 411)].
Sericopompilus plutonis Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 228 [Type:
6, Texas: Fedor, Lee Co., 3 June 1904 (Birkman) (MCZ, no. 13,
708)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Notiochares angusticeps Banks, 1939, Canad. Ent., 71: 227 [Type: 2, TEXxas:
Brownsville, 11-16 June 1933 (P. J. Darlington) (MCZ, no. 23,
477)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Anoplius (Notiochares) amethystinus atramentarius Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 76: 231-234.

A more complete list of references to this relatively common
eastern U. S. form will be found in Evans, 1951. I have recently
studied the type, which is in good condition and agrees with the
present understanding of the subspecies. Evidence of intergradation
with lepidus lepidus is discussed below, under “variation”.

Female. — Length 15-24 mm. (averaging somewhat larger than /. lepidus).
Black; pubescence violaceous, reflecting deep blue or blue-green in certain
lights, somewhat brownish on the mesopleura, under side of the middle and
hind coxae, and legs beyond the femora; pubescence of base of mandibles,
temples, clypeus, and lower front varying from brownish to cinereous, occa-
sionally somewhat silvery; wings fuscous, violaceous. Front narrow, but aver-
aging slightly wider than in /. lepidus, MID varying from .52 to .55 X TFD;
vertex tending to be slightly broader than in /. lepidus, third antennal segment

HOWARD E. EVANS 261

!
| =
ane = | Se | Amar *
A, i Sond é i \ SS .
ox ! { Lo | \ y
te j
x DSP gic le)
\ ) y } { Thee ea
A Ql ( See 2, =)
2 } . ’
\ {I +
7. \ ae
\ is partes Os S| 4 =>
\ { an
\L SATE O
O/ x 2 4 ay '
ZN WM ks
er A4 4 S J
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— YS ah ee x
ee ) Se
2 Se ey el =
} = “ON. @: 4
pate O
$ a ya
a se
Map 45 ox( C 7
@ Anoplius (Notiochares) |. lepidus (Say) DS 2 i)
(also northern S. America) t OY \
© Anoplius (N.) |. atramentarius (Dahbom) S sce ye
(also eastern U.S.) Le ee

varying from 1.1 to 1.3 X UID. Other features as described for the nominate
subspecies.

Male. — Length 12-19 mm., averaging larger than in /. lepidus. Color of
body and wings as in the female; pubescence of sides of lower front varying
from brownish-violaceous to golden-brown, rarely light cinereous or somewhat
silvery. Features much as described for /. lepidus except with respect to the
SGP; the plate tends to be slightly wider than in that form and with the sides
more incurved toward the apex, the apical prongs rarely as sharp as in Mexi-
can specimens of /. /epidus (though not differing notably from specimens from
Panama and northern South America); depth of the apical emargination rather
variable, .30-.60 X distance between apical prongs (fig. 75).

Distribution. — Eastern United States from Florida and western
Texas to southern New England, Ohio, and Nebraska; also northern
parts of Mexican central plateau, to Durango. For marginal U. S.
records, see Evans, 1951. (Map 45.)

Mexican specimens examined. —2 22,1 8. COAHUILA: 1 2,
Nueva Rosita, 23 July 1959 (R. Schrammel) [AMNH]. Duranco:
1 2,1 8, Nombre de Dios, 1-6 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].

Variation. — In the Coahuila female and in the type of angusti-
ceps, from Brownsville, Texas, the pubescence is more intensely blu-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

262 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

ish than is usual in atramentarius, and in both specimens the front
has pale, cinereous pubescence approaching the condition of I. lepi-
dus; also, the Brownsville specimen has a very narrow front and ver-
tex (MID .52 X TFD). I have seen no males which might be con-
sidered intergrades, as all Texas males before me as well as that from
Durango have the pubescence dark and the emargination of the sub-
genital plate rather shallow.

Subgenus ANOPLIODES Banks

Anopliodes Banks, 1939, Canad. Ent., 71: 225 [Type species: Anopliodes mo-
destus Banks (=bolli Banks), monobasic]. — Evans, 1951, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 234-240 (U. S. spp.).

Subgeneric characters. — Black, males always with a pale stripe along the
posterior margin of the pronotum; males (and sometimes females) with ex-
tensive silvery pubescence and with much white hair on the propodeum. Front
of female relatively narrow; clypeus not or but weakly emarginate. Posterior
margin of pronotum weakly to strongly angulate. Tarsal comb of female
consisting of short spines which are not or but little longer than the width of
the tarsal segments. Last segment of front tarsus of males slender, unmodified.
Upper part of first intercubital vein of fore wing oblique, so that SMC2 is
much narrowed above, usually more so than the third; marginal cell long, re-
moved from wing tip by about or less than its own length, radial vein with
little if any evidence of an angulation at the third intercubital vein (except in
some males). Wings of male showing a strong tendency to fold longitudinally.
Male venter without the modifications of the preceding two subgenera, some-
what hirsute, sometimes with a dense brush of hair on S4; genitalia with the
basal hooklets replaced by simple flaps.

Distribution. — This small complex of species is, so far as I know,
confined to the warmer parts of the New World, the known species
collectively ranging from Brazil and Peru to Kansas and New Jersey,
including the West Indies. Only five species can currently be assigned
here. Four of these occur in Mexico and Central America; the fifth,
vestoris Banks, was described from Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Key to Species

Females

1. Propodeum with only a small amount of very short, scarcely noticeable
hair, the propodeum relatively short and steeply declivous behind; upper
part of first intercubital vein moderately oblique, SMC2 narrowed above

HOWARD E. EVANS 263

lbh? GUO OUIL aE acc sooobecpcooonadoameobeanschonossagect aces cece coe aeec esac er crane bolli Banks
Propodeum with abundant, rather long hair, its declivity less steep than
above; upper part of first intercubital vein strongly oblique, so that
SMC2 is narrowed by two thirds or more abOVE ..............cccccceeeeeeeseeeee 2
2. Coxae wholly or mostly silvery-sericeous; propodeum silvery at least be-
hind, and with long, whitish hairs; abdominal venter silvery and dorsum
usually with at least some evidence of silvery bands; pronotum rather
sharply angulate behind; clypeus usually more distinctly emarginate than
EIN? Secnecaacbnodarcce sobocobon ecCBURE Soh nner n cu coREcCE CRT nen ercnceeerrrer varius (Fabricius)
Coxae without silvery pubescence except sometimes the posterior part of
the hind pair; propodeum without silvery pubescence and with the hairs
grayish or brownish; pronotum more broadly and indistinctly angulate
behind than in varius OF DOI. ..........cccccccccccccccccccccceseeenes parsonsi (Banks)

Males

1. Fourth sternite with a very dense brush of long setae, longer in front than
behind, the other sternites sparsely SetOS€ ..............ccccsccccessssesssceeesseceeeees 2
Fourth sternite only slightly if at all more densely setose than other ster-
TOWICKEES: nda sabbocaseecéncacstaaoeh sbaac: oboncaS at caoeeBaceHe ac Eerocneena Cer cree meraC ae een een En 3

2. Flagellum wholly dark; pubescence extensively silvery, but abdominal ven-
ter and greater part of legs with brownish pubescence; genitalia with
parameres unusually broad basally ................:ccccccccccccceeeeeeeeeee bolli Banks
Basal flagellar segments more or less orange beneath; body richly orna-
mented with silvery pubescence, including virtually all the legs, pleura,

and basal three sternites; parameres slender throughout ..........................

COB pEeGECESTEE HBeL DORIC ESEE EEC UCIT TEEPE Fe EEE E EEE oe PERC RE RCEUT EERE nce ren varius (Fabricius)

3. Abdominal venter conspicuously setose, S4 somewhat more densely setose
than the other sternites; genitalia with the digiti rounded apically, clothed

with minute setae except for a lateral fringe of longer, curved setae (fig.

ENS) Ye ROO re GANA SEE C Gait ERS SSRRTEEE GERI EE ROE LEE SECS COC CE CER parsonsi (Banks)
Abdominal venter with sparse, rather short setae, S4 no more setose than
any other; digiti subtruncate apically, clothed with small setae over most

of the disc, without a lateral fringe of longer setae (fig. 41) .................
chiriqui n. sp.

etme erate eee scene neces a scceecessecsccsasssseesscceesesaessessesssseereeesssssessssessseeseses

Anoplius (Anopliodes) bolli Banks

Anoplius bolli Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 104 [Type: ¢, TExas:
Dallas (Boll) (MCZ, no. 10, 017)].

Anopliodes modestus Banks, 1939, Canad. Ent., 71: 226 [Type: ®, TEXAs:
Brownsville, 11-16 June 1933 (Darlington) (MCZ, no. 23, 476)].
Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Anoplius (Anopliodes) bolli Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 238.

Female. — Length 13-19 mm. Black; pubescence wholly dark; wings

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

264 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

moderately to heavily infuscated, fore wing often slightly darker along outer
margin. Apical margin of clypeus slightly concave; front narrow, MID .50-
.53 X TFD; UID .70-.80 X LID; POL and OOL subequal. Pronotum broadly
but quite distinctly angulate behind. Propodeum short, its declivity well-de-
fined, oblique, nearly flat; sides of propodeum with a few very short, incon-
spicuous setae. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, occasionally a weak
fourth one. SMC2 narrowed by .4-.6 above.

Male. — Length 10-13 mm. Black, pronotum narrowly margined with
whitish or yellowish behind, scape sometimes with pale markings; wings sub-
hyaline, apical margins distinctly, rather broadly, infuscated. Pubescence in
considerable part dark, but silvery as follows: base of mandibles, clypeus, lower
front, temples, coxae, pronotum in large part, posterior part of mesoscutum, ©
sides of scutellum, metanotum, posterior part of propodeum, parts of the pleura,
coxae, basal bands on T1-3, and apical spots or bands on T4-7. S2 and 3 with
a few weak hairs; S4 with a dense brush of hairs, longer in front than behind;
S5 and 6 somewhat hirsute. SGP strongly elevated medially, the apex rounded.
Genitalia characterized by having the parameres very broad near the base, the
broadened area clothed with short setae, beyond this with strong setae, some
of which are clubbed; digitus rather slender, clothed with short, straight setae
(see fig. 78 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — This species is not uncommon in eastern Texas,
and ranges south into Tamaulipas and north and east to Kansas, New
Jersey, and Florida. (Map 43.)

Mexican specimens examined. —1 2. TAMAULIPAS: 1 8, 15
mi. W Xicohténcatl, 13 Aug. 1959 (LS & AM) [UCD].

Anoplius (Anopliodes) varius (Fabricius)

Pompilus varius Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piezatorum, p. 189 [Type: ¢, “AMERICA
MERIDIONALIS” (Copenhagen Mus)].— Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat.
Hymen., 8: 331. — Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 49: 256
(Brazil).

Anoplius varius Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 112 (Br. Guiana). — Banks, 1947,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 420 (Surinam).

Psammochares caloderes Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venez., 4: 102 [Type: 2,
CoLomBIA: Restrepo, Dept. Meta, 1936 (JB) (MCZ, no. 26, 229)].
— Banks, 1947, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 406. New synonym.

Psammochares alcatara Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venez., 4: 103 [Type: 2,
BRITISH GUIANA: Kartabo, 27 March 1922 (MCZ, no. 26, 228)].
New synonym.

Psammochares alcataria Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 404 (mis-
spelling; Br. Guiana, Surinam, Colombia).

I have not seen the type of varius, but Fabricius’ description seems

HOWARD E. EVANS 265

to fit this species quite well as far as it goes. I have little doubt that
Banks’ caloderes and alcatara represent the female of this species, the
former being described from a specimen with unusually strong silvery
banding. I am less certain as to how to separate the females from
those of parsonsi, as the two species are very similar in this sex. The
characters presented in the key are all relative, and if the males were
not so distinct I would be inclined to consider them a single species.

Female. — Length 11-14 mm. Black, patterned with silvery pubescence
as follows: clypeus, base of mandibles, lower front and temples, propleura,
lower meso- and metapleura, all of coxae and sometimes much of remainder
of legs, anterior part of pronotum, sides of metanotum, propodeum at least
posteriorly and sometimes almost in its entirety, basal three sternites, basal
bands on basal three tergites and much or all of apical two tergites. Wings
strongly infuscated, hind wing and in some specimens the front wing tending
to be more lightly infuscated on the posterior half. Clypeus with a shallow
median emargination; front narrow, MID .48-.52 XK TFD; UID .68-.75 X
LID; antennal segment three 1.25-1.40 X UID; POL and OOL subequal. Pro-
notum broadly but distinctly angulate behind, about as in bolli. Propodeum
sloping rather evenly, the declivity ill-defined and strongly oblique; surface
covered with long, whitish hairs. Front basitarsus with three short comb-spines.
SMC2 narrowed above by about two-thirds its width at the bottom; SMC3
wide above.

Male. — Length 9-12 mm. Black, except posterior margin of pronotum
with a whitish or pale yellow stripe and basal segments of flagellum weakly to
strongly suffused with orange below; wings hyaline, outer margins broadly in-
fuscated, some specimens weakly infuscated along basal vein of fore wing.
Pubescence in large part silvery, dark on the greater part of the mesonotum,
disc of scutellum, anterior part of propodeum, apical parts of T1-3, all of T4,
and sternites beyond basal three (in some specimens there are sparse silvery
setulae on T4). S2 and 3 sparsely setose; S4 with a dense brush of hairs,
longer in front than behind; SS and 6 somewhat hirsute. SGP somewhat ele-
vated medially, its apex narrowly rounded. Genitalia with the parameres
slender except weakly broadened and long-setose basally; digiti strongly spatu-
late, rounded apically, covered with curved setae which are slightly longer
toward the sides than mesally (fig. 42).

Distribution. — Peru and Surinam to Costa Rica. (Map 43.)

Specimens examined. —6 22,4 66. SURINAM: 1 2, Para-
maribo, 9 May 1928 [CU]; 1 4, Barbara Pln., Surinam R., 11 Apr.
1927 [CU]. British GUIANA: 2 2 2, Kartabo, March, June [MCZ].
PERu: 1 é, Tingo Maria, Huanuco, 19 Sept. 1960 (J. M. Schunke)
[BMNH]. Ecuapor: 1 2, Napo, Pano R., 8 April 1923 (FXW)

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

266 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

[MCZ]; 1 ¢, Tena, 20 April 1923 (FXW) [MCZ]. CoLompia: 1
?, Restrepo, Dept. Meta, 1936 (JB) [MCZ]. Panama: 1 ¢, Barro
Colorado Island, Canal Zone, May 1929 (P. J. Darlington) [MCZ].
Costa Rica: 1 ¢, Los Diamantes, 22 June 1949 (KWC) [USNM].

Anoplius (Anopliodes) parsonsi (Banks)

Psammochares parsonsi Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 94: 183-184
[Type: 2, CuBa: Buenos Aires, Trinidad Mts., 17-23 June 1923
(C. T. Brues) (MCZ, no. 25, 742)].

Anoplius (Anopliodes) parsonsi Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 236-
238 (Florida).

This species occurs widely in Mexico and Central America, al-
though not previously recorded from there. It is possible that the
females here recorded from Panama actually belong to varius or to
chiriqui, as | have seen no male parsonsi from south of Costa Rica,
and the females of this complex are difficult to separate.

Female. — Length 10.5-15 mm. Black, pubescence largely dark, reflect-
ing bluish in certain lights, often cinereous or silvery on the clypeus and lower
front, in specimens from Costa Rica and Panama silvery on posterior part of
hind coxae; abdomen wholly dark-pubescent, with no evidence whatever of
banding. Wings strongly infuscated, with a somewhat darker outer marginal
band. Apical margin of clypeus weakly concave; MID .48-.52 X TFD; UID
.65-.72 X LID; antennal segment three equal to 1.25-1.45 X UID; POL equal
to or slightly greater than OOL. Posterior margin of pronotum broadly, rather
indistinctly angulate medially: Propodeum with the slope low, the declivity
ill-defined, covered with long brownish or grayish hair. Wings and tarsal comb
as described for varius.

Male. — Length 8-12 mm. Black, posterior margin of pronotum with a
pale yellow stripe; wings hyaline, broadly and strongly infuscated apically.
Body conspicuously patterned with silvery pubescence, as described for varius;
T4 is extensively silvery in most Central American specimens, but there is
enough variation in both varius and parsonsi to render this feature of little
diagnostic value. S2-6 each with several long, dark setae, these setae dis-
tinctly more numerous on S4, but by no means forming a dense brush as in
the preceding two species. SGP much like that of the preceding species, geni-
talia also very similar, but the digiti clothed with minute setae except for a
very strong lateral fringe of sinuous setae (see fig. 79 in Evans, 1951, also fig.
43 in present paper).

Distribution. — Panama to Mexico (Sinaloa, Puebla) and to
Cuba and Florida. Since my 1951 treatment of this species I have

HOWARD E. EVANS 267

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seen numerous specimens from northern Florida (Levy and Putnam
Cos.) and one from Alabama (Tuscaloosa Co.); it seems possible
that the species has been spreading northward within recent years.
(Map 46.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. —15 2 2,
17 6 6. PANAMA: 4 2 2, Barro Colorado Isl., Canal Zone, Mch.,
July-Aug. (CWR) [KU, KSU]; 1 ¢, Progreso, Chiriqui Prov., 25
Apr. 1923 (F. M. Gaige) [U. Mich.]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢,2 ¢ 4,
Turrialba, June-July 1949 (KWC) [USNM]; 2 2 2,2 ¢ é, Pacuare,
1949 (KWC) [USNM]; 2 2 2, Monteverde, 1400 meters, Feb.
(CWR) [KSU]. Honpuras: 1 2, Prieta, 4 April 1924 (JB) [MCZ];
1 2, San Francisco, 20 Aug. 1956 (B. D. Valentine) [MCZ]. EL
SALVADOR: 3 6 6, Quezaltepeque, June-July 1963 (M. Irwin)
[UCD]. GUATEMALA: 1 26, Cayuga, 15 June (W. Schaus) [USNM].
MEXICO: GUERRERO: 1 ¢, 3 mi. N Taxco, 5500 feet, 1 June 1959
(HEE) [MCZ]. VeRAcRuz: 1 é, Acayucan, 23 Oct. 1957 (RRD)
[MSU]; 1 ¢, 3 84, Orizaba, 12 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU].
PUEBLA: 1 38, Cuetzalan, N of Zacapoaxtla, 3450 feet, 19 June
1961 [KU]. Moretos: 1 2, Cuernavaca, 5500 feet, 5 June 1959

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

268 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

(HEE) [MCZ]; 1 4, Yautepec, 31 July 1963 (FDP, LS) [UCD];
1 4, Tepoztlan, 18 Aug. 1956 (CY) [MCZ]. Mexico: 1 2, Valle
de Bravo, 6500 feet, 3 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. SINALOoa: 1 @,
3 km. E Mazatlan, 15 Aug. 1954 (Ryckman, Spencer, Christianson)
[MCZ].

Anoplius (Anopliodes) chiriqui new species

Holotype. — 8, PANAMA: Boquete, Chiriqui Prov., 7 May (G. B.
Fairchild) [MCZ, no. 30, 969].

This species is extremely similar to parsonsi, differing only in de-
tails of the male genitalia and secondary sexual characters. The
female is unknown, but may possibly be the Panama females referred
to parsonsi above.

Description of type male. — Length 10 mm.; fore wing 8.2 mm. Black,
posterior margin of pronotum with a pale yellow stripe; wings hyaline, con-
spicuously infuscated along outer margin. Head and thorax extensively silvery-
pubescent, dark only on upper part of head and parts of thoracic terga, basal
half of propodeum, and metapleura; first three abdominal sternites silvery, first
three tergites with basal silvery bands, tergites 5-7 with apical silvery spots.
Head 1.15 X as wide as high; clypeus about twice as wide as high, its apical
margin weakly concave. MID .61 X TFD; eyes convergent at the top, UID
.92 X LID; OOL slightly exceeding POL. Third antennal segment 2.3 X as
long as wide, slightly longer than fourth segment. Pronotum rather short,
angulate behind. Propodeum with the slope very low, clothed with the usual
white hairs. Longer spur of hind tibia three fourths the length of the basi-
tarsus. SMC2 narrowed by two thirds above; SMC3 about as wide above as
the second. Abdominal venter with sparse, short, relatively inconspicuous
setae, these setae no longer or more abundant on S4 than elsewhere. SGP
tectiform, rounded apically. Genitalia as shown in fig. 41, resembling closely
those of varius and parsonsi, but the digiti subtruncate apically, covered with
short setae which are mostly straight, but some of them angulate apically.

Distribution. — Panama and Costa Rica. (Map 42.)

Paratypes. — Costa Rica: 2 ¢é 6, Golfito, Dept. Puntarenas,
1948 (P. & D. Allen) [MCZ, USNM].

Variation. — The two paratypes are similar to the type in size
(fore wing 8.5 and 8.8 mm.) and in coloration of the body and
pubescence. In both specimens the costal cell of the fore wing is
infuscated, and there is a weak fuscous band over the basal vein.
Head measurements are virtually the same as in the type except that

HOWARD E. EVANS 269
in one specimen POL and OOL are equal.

Subgenus ARACHNOPHROCTONUS Howard

Arachnophroctonus Howard, 1901, The Insect Book, pl. VII, figs. 11 and 14
[Type species: Sphex tropica Fabricius, nec Linnaeus (= marginalis
Banks), designated by Pate, 1946]. Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 76: 240-277 (U. S. spp.).

Arachnophila Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 86 [Type species: Pompilus
divisus Cresson ( = semirufus Cresson), monobasic]. Preoccupied by
Salvadori, 1874; synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Arachnodaicter Pate, 1946, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 72: 74. New name for
Arachnophila Ashmead.

Subgeneric characters. — Wholly black or with the abdomen marked with
rufous, the pronotum occasionally with a whitish to orange band; propodeum
with or without erect hairs. Clypeus with or without a median emargination.
Female with a tarsal comb, the spines sometimes no longer than the width of
the segments bearing them. Last segment of front tarsus of males with the
inner margin weakly produced except in a few species. Marginal cell of fore
wing about or somewhat more or less than its own length from the wing tip;
three SMCs present; radial vein always somewhat angulate at the third inter-
cubital vein; transverse median vein of fore wing usually interstitial with basal
vein, occasionally slightly prefurcal (fig. 19). Male venter without unusual
modifications in most species, somewhat hirsute and in a few species with
dense brushes of hairs; genitalia with the basal hooklets distinct, single.

Distribution. — Throughout the tropics and warm temperate
regions of the globe.

Included species. — This is a large group in tropical America,
many of the South American species assigned by Banks (1947) to
Psammochares properly belonging here. At least one of the South
American species occurs in Panama and Costa Rica, and all eight of
the species occurring in the United States also occur in Mexico. In
addition, there are two Central American endemics. There are also
several West Indian endemics, the best known of which is insignis
(Cresson).

Remarks. — This subgenus occupies a central position in the
genus. Certain species, notably echinatus and its relatives, seem
somewhat annectant with Anopliodes, while those species centering
around americanus seem to stand close to Pompilinus. Possibly this
subgenus represents a generalized stock of Anoplius from which the
other subgenera arose.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

270

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Key to Species °

Females
Body entirely black or somewhat blue-black ................ccccccccseseeesserseceeees 2
Abdomen rufous to orange-brown at least on the second tergite, often
TMONEEXTEMSIVELY ASO; A oceeve.cntcevoessccecteeeet oaceeee cee Oo nee ee 7

Marginal cell removed from wing tip by slightly to considerably less than
its own length, the radial vein but slightly angled at the third inter-
cubital vein; propodeal slope low and even, the declivity not well de-
fined; front narrow, MID not much exceeding .50 X TED ..................
SSE OS oa BORER EEE BEEP GET RE BEEE RoE mB acetic dmcapu ser ncreadebat sccéonccéodebcnden echinatus (Fox)

Marginal cell removed from wing tip by approximately or somewhat more
than its own length, the radial vein more distinctly angulate at the
third intercubital vein; propodeum with a fairly well defined oblique,
rather flat declivity behind; front of variable breadth .........................- 3

Clypeus with a strong median emargination; pronotum arcuate behind;
propodeum with only some short, inconspicuous hair; front broad, MID
DIO=2O 1 XG IED) prec asas cee cee hence eee eee acapulcoensis (Cameron)

Clypeus at most slightly concave apically; pronotum usually angulate or
subangulate behind; other characters variable ...................ccscccceeeeceeeeess 4

Head very broad, measuring 1.2-1.27 X as broad as high; UID exceeding
LID; third antennal segment only slightly more than half UID; pro-
podeum with a short, steep declivity ................:0ccceeeee xerophilus Evans

Head less broad, measuring less than 1.2 X as broad as high; UID less
than LID (sometimes barely so); third antennal segment at least two-
thats: DC WD) acessec sees eaeceenecssgndd ses Waa eae ene eee 5

Spines of tarsal comb distinctly longer than the width of the tarsus at their
bases; hair of propodeum relatively long and dense; length 11-21 mm.
SRE Ho OSCE POORER or EROS GOAT GRO ese sece a dossebunaeeBecooo relativus (Fox)

Spines of tarsal comb not or barely longer than width of tarsus at their
bases; propodeum not hairy or with some very short, fine hair; length
£2 (Cos) 000 00 ea eee ee Ree eee ee eer Bes aattie Rar eee ta maococtcccodceadrodcocbose00000000 6

SMC3 narrowed by approximately two-thirds above; propodeum strongly
convex and with an abrupt declivity on the posterior third; POL and
OOL, subequrall \.se..ssshe.accesissee cece eee chiapanus n. sp.

SMC3 triangular or subtriangular, narrowed by at least .8 above; pro-
podeum less convex and with the declivity less strongly defined; POL:
OO S54) Balak. Be ee ee ences moestus (Banks)

Wings wholly deep fuliginous, violaceous; propodeum with some short,
dark hair; front basitarsus with four (rarely three or five) strong comb-
SOWDESE GS WWD AVM, aonooooncsnoccoconosootonnanobsoo0o000800000 marginalis (Banks)

Wings hyaline to moderately infuscated, with a darker marginal band;
propodeum not or barely hairy, except when the entire body is un-

19 One species, cuautemoc n. sp., is known from males only.

HOWARD E. EVANS Dial

usually hairy; front basitarsus with three comb-spines; average size
Smiralllerptin ania b OVS ie ee stenaceceee cates cence sss ckets cee enccvovseesoaeec cdi cc skecstevaveencvotees 8
Spines of tarsal comb little if any longer than width of tarsus at their
bases; propodeum and T1 lightly if at all impressed; third antennal seg-
ment subequal to UID ...................... americanus ambiguus (Dahlbom)
Spines of tarsal comb considerably longer than width of tarsus at their
base; propodeum impressed medially, T1 with a median basal sulcus;
third antennal segment equal to less than .9 X UID ............ eee 9
Mesosternum with median apical processes which are short, angulate;
MID .53-.58 X TFD; femora and basal parts of abdomen without Jong,
Dla CKSS6 tae ce. cacnenccusnceerececcstesnsasscsmeteeneuts apiculatus apiculatus (Smith)
Mesosternum with the median apical processes elongate, spiniform; front
broader, MID .60-.67 X TFD; femora and basal parts of abdomen
often with strong, dark setae ........c..cccscecceceeeeeeeeeees semirufus (Cresson)

Males

Front and hind wings wholly and uniformly fuliginous, violaceous; pro-
POG Wyliln GIT GEE IMENT cocsoceeceqcacscacenasstcod0900000000990UORpEC HBC S TOE ScOBEE 2D
Front and hind wings hyaline or lightly infuscated, front wings sometimes
moderately infuscated, always with a darker marginal band; propodeum
WitheOrmwithhOUtieheCt MAINS) ee ccccccse<cseesseessonsscnceeesocueeeee: -cossmoncnsseceneesssces 5
‘T2, and sometimes more of the abdomen, marked with orange; SGP broad
and nearly flat, its margin fringed with curved hairs .............ccccsssccceeees
ni R OSB COOP CoO EE Rao eee Daa OEE CESS ECE SIE: marginalis (Banks)

Abdomen wholly black; SGP not as abOVE ..........e eee eeeseeesseeeeeneeeeeneee 3
S4 and 5 with dense brushes of erect hairs; digiti of genitalia with a group
of very long, clubbed setae on the disc ...................000006 relativus (Fox)
Sternites with sparse setae, without dense brushes; digiti covered with
shorter setae which are not clubbed .............ccesssccceceeessececessneeeessenseeees 4

Marginal cell removed from wing tip by somewhat less than its own
length; SGP without a series of suberect hairs along the midline; slope
of propodeum very low, the declivity very short ........ echinatus (Fox)

Marginal cell removed from wing tip by about its own length; SGP with
a series of suberect setae along the median ridge; slope of propodeum
higher, the declivity stronger ...............:-.:200 acapulcoensis (Cameron)

Head extremely broad, 1.2-1.3 X as wide as high; eyes strongly diverging
above, UID about 1.2 X LID; propodeum with an abrupt, almost ver-
tical declivity and with abundant dark hair ................ xerophilus Evans

Head not as broad nor the eyes diverging more than slightly above; pro-
podeum with the declivity less abrupt, more sloping, bearing some pale
SELASTOFSMOMe at callie eos cecccteccereece es sessesee so ccecteeteecseeeeceaewonsedcdetvhesivenves 6

Body pubescence very fine, often in considerable part silvery; clypeus about
twice as broad as high; venter with at least a few erect or suberect setae

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

YD MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Body pubescence very coarse, extensively whitish or glaucous; clypeus at
least 2.25 X as broad as high; propodeum and venter virtually without

CY chet i 02) U cenit er Peer terres ree scandens cere Licocfscecnc uacebenaa bsorcndbosnaptden 10

7. SMC3 narrowed by about two-thirds above; parameres unusually broad for
this subgenus, digiti of characteristic shape (fig. 52) .... chiapanus n. sp.

SMC3 triangular, often petiolate; parameres more slender ...................-+. 8
8. SGP wholly covered with erect, bristling setae of moderate length; pos-
terior margin of pronotum very rarely with a whitish band ....................

PEE eee oer Coe EEE OEE EERE ESE oon -aconeedn oso sobadubocodesoou00do moestus (Banks)

SGP with shorter, semierect or subappressed setae; posterior margin of
pronotum with a whitish band ................esscccceesesececeeeesnceceeeenneceeeesnnee 9

9. SGP with a distinct median elevation basally, tending to be less distinct
apically, the sides of the plate broadly hyaline (fig. 82); digiti very large,
directed strongly mesad and broadly overlapping apically, clothed uni-
formly with small setae (fig. 53) ...........secceeceeseteeeeeeeeree cuautemoc N. sp.

SGP barely elevated medially and not broadly hyaline on the sides; digiti
erect, spindle-shaped, fringed with very long setae ..................:0:ssccsscesssseee

Sais edeac blu sugecceeene ste steee eee eee ee americanus ambiguus (Dahlbom)

10. Third antennal segment 1.8-2.3 X as long as wide, slightly shorter than
fourth segment; SGP rounded apically .... apiculatus apiculatus (Smith)
Third antennal segment 2.4-3.0 X as long as wide, about as long as fourth
segment; SGP acute or narrowly rounded apically, somewhat more
roughly setose than abOVE ............c:::cccccccsseeeeseeseseees semirufus (Cresson)

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) echinatus (Fox) new combination

Pompilus echinatus Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 49: 242-243 [Type:
2, BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro, November (HHS) (CM)].

Psammochares echinatus Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 111 (Br. Guiana). —
Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 405 (Br. Guiana, Brazil,
Bolivia, Colombia).

Notiochares diffinis Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 410-411 [Type:
2, PERU: Iquitos-San Rogue, March (Klug) (CU, no. 2501)]. New

synonym.

As pointed out by Banks, this species is closely related to vividus
Smith (= ornamentus Fox, new synonym), a species known only
from males from Brazil and British Guiana and distinguished by its
strongly banded wings. Banks suggested the two may be only vari-
eties of one species, but there appear to be constant differences in the
genitalia. Presumably the females of the two species cannot be dis-
tinguished, and since echinatus was described from a female, I can-
not be sure that the name~properly belongs with the form which
enters Central America rather than falling as a synonym of vividus.

HOWARD E. EVANS 273

There is considerable variation in the depth of the emargination of the
clypeus of the females before me, the type of Banks’ diffinis repre-
senting only an extreme variant in this regard.

Female. — Length 12-18 mm. Black, wings wholly fuscous, violaceous;
pubescence dark, reflecting dark bluish in certain lights, tending to be light
brown or cinereous on the lower front and clypeus, coxae, venter, and apical
tergites, the hind coxae often with a streak of silvery pubescence. Head with
numerous dark setae, thoracic dorsum sparsely setose, propodeum with abun-
dant fine, dark setae on the sides; pleura and middle and hind coxae without
strong setae; abdomen strongly setose toward the apex, the apical tergite with
abundant strong spines. Clypeus about 2.7 X as wide as its median length,
apical margin broadly concave, the depth of the emargination somewhat varia-
ble, the clypeal margin nearly straight at the middle of the emargination. Front
narrow, MID .48-.53 X TFD; UID .65-.75 X LID; third antennal segment 1.2-
1.5 X UID. Front with a distinct median impression; POL and OOL subequal
or either may be slightly the greater. Posterior margin of pronotum broadly
angulate or subangulate. Propodeum with the slope low and even, the declivity
barely defined. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, the basal two 1.5-2 X
as long as the width of the tarsus at their base. Fore wing with the marginal
cell removed from the wing tip by slightly to considerably more than its own
length; SMC2 and 3 both wide above; hind wing with anal vein reaching median
vein at or slightly beyond origin of cubitus.

Male. — Length 9-14 mm. Black, posterior margin of pronotum with a
pale stripe; wings wholly fuscous, violaceous in specimens from Colombia,
Panama, and Costa Rica, specimens from British Guiana having the hind wings
hyaline at the base and the fore wings obscurely banded. Body pubescence in
part dark, reflecting bluish in certain lights, in part silvery; silvery pubescence
occurs at least on the base of the mandibles, scape, front, temples, front of
pronotum, propleura, coxae in part, lower mesopleura, posterior fifth of pro-
podeum, base and sides of first tergite, and all of first three sternites; at the
other extreme the thorax and propodeum may be wholly silvery except for parts
of the dorsum, the legs wholly silvery, and the abdominal tergites conspicuously
banded. Anterior margin of clypeus weakly concave. Front with a median
linear impression, as in female; eyes strongly convergent at the top; ocelli as in
female. Antennae very slender, third segment about 3 X as long as thick, very
slightly exceeding the fourth. Posterior margin of pronotum broadly subangu-
lar. Slope of propodeum very low and even except with a very short, abrupt
declivity at the extreme posterior end. Apical segment of front tarsus nearly
symmetrical, the inner claws of this tarsus much more strongly bent than the
outer claws. Wings as in female. Abdomen somewhat flattened above; venter
with numerous short setae which show no tendency to form brushes. SGP
elevated medially, with some fairly strong setae medially and apically, though
not tending to form a series along the midline as in the following species; apical

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

274 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Map 47 <O-0 (~*~

@ Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) acapulcoensis (Cameron)
(also widely distr. in so. U.S.) elt C
A Anoplius (Ar) echinatus (Fox) :
(also widely distr. in no. So. America) i 4 4 ne
© Anoplius (Ar) semirufus (Cresson) N aes \2
(also widely distr. in eastern U.S.)

margin rounded, with a series of short, thick spines. Genitalia (fig. 51) with
the parameres slender, strongly setose, the sub-basal squama distinct although
not strongly produced as in vividus; digiti subspatulate, densely clothed with
strong, mostly straight setae.

Distribution. — Brazil and Bolivia north to the Guianas and to
Costa Rica. See Banks, 1947, for South American records. (Map
47.)

Central American specimens examined. ——5 22, 7 86.
PANAMA: 4 2 2, 4 6 6, Barro Colorado Isl., Canal Zone, March,
April, June-Aug. (CWR) [KU, KSU]. Costa Rica: 1 2, 1 ¢,
Turrialba, May, Aug. (F. Schrader, CCP) [USNM, MCZ]; 1 3,
Tilaran, Guanacaste Prov., 25 Feb. 1964 (HEE) [MCZ].

Variation. — The variation in size and in the depth of the clypeal
emargination of the females seems to bear little correlation to geog-
raphy. Males with the least amount of silvery pubescence, as de-
scribed above, occur in Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia, and all
males seen from these areas have the wings uniformly fuliginous. One
Panama male shows some banding of the tergites with silvery, differ-
ing little in this regard from some individuals from British Guiana,
which tend toward the maximum in silvery pubescence.

HOWARD E. EVANS DUS)

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) acapulcoensis (Cameron) new combination

Pompilus acapulcoensis Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 198
[Type: ¢, Mexico: GUERRERO: Acapulco, Sept. (HHS) (BMNH,
no. 19, 685)]. — Dalla Torre, 1897, Catal. Hymen., VIII, p. 270.

Psammochares bellicosus Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 224 [Type:
é, ARIZONA: Palmerlee, Sept. (MCZ, no. 13, 666)]. New synonym.

Lophopompilus autilone Banks, 1919, Canad. Ent., 51: 82 [Type: ¢, FLORIDA:
Fort Myers, 7 May 1916 (J. C. Bradley) (CU, no. 679)]. New
synonym.

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) bellicosus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
76: 246-248.

It is unfortunate that the well-established name bellicosus must be
abandoned in favor of acapulcoensis, a somewhat awkward name
based on a specimen from the southern extremity of the range. The
type, like other specimens from southern Mexico, is more strongly
bluish than most specimens from northern Mexico and the United
States, paralleling a trend seen in several other species of Pompilinae
(Anoplius subcylindricus, Pompilus occidentalis). The type and
other specimens from southern Mexico also average small for the
species, but there seems little justification for recognizing acapulcoen-
sis and bellicosus as distinct subspecies.

Female. — Length 13-23 mm. Black; wings fuliginous, reflecting bluish.
Pubescence entirely dark, reflecting deep bluish, violaceous, or blue-green.
Front and vertex with a small amount of short hair; propodeum with only some
very short, inconspicuous hair. Head broader than high, the vertex forming
an even arc above the eye tops. Clypeus with a strong median arcuate emar-
gination. Front broad, MID .56-.61 X TED; front angle of ocellar triangle
greater than a right angle, POL and OOL subequal; antennal segment three
only .70 to .85 X UID. Posterior margin of pronotum arcuate, at most with
a very vague median angulation. Propodeum sloping rather evenly, slightly
more declivous on the posterior third. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines,
the spines somewhat longer than the width of the tarsus at their base. Fore
wing with the marginal cell removed from the wing tip by about its own length;
SMC3 strongly narrowed above, often nearly triangular.

Description of type male. — Length 10.5 mm.; fore wing 9 mm. Black;
wings fuliginous, reflecting bluish; pubescence reflecting bluish over much of
body, except silvery on sides of front. Erect black setae numerous on clypeus,
front, and vertex; pronotum and propodeum each with sparse, dark setae; venter
with very sparse, dark setae except subgenital plate with a median row of sub-
erect setae. Clypeus twice as broad as high, its apical margin weakly concave.
Head 1.12 X as wide as high; MID .61 X TED, .94 XK HE; UID subequal to

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

276 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

LID; POL: OOL = 14:15. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about
12:6:11:12, segment three 1.9 X as long as thick. Pronotum arcuate behind;
propodeum with the slope very gradual, then much steepened just before pos-
terior margin. Last segment of front tarsus very slightly asymmetrical, inner
claws of this tarsus more strongly curved than outer claws. ore wing with
SMC3 subtriangular. SGP strongly elevated and setose medially. Genitalia
with the parameres slender, gently curved; digiti strongly bent about mid-way
and somewhat broadened here, their entire surface covered with sinuous setae
of moderate length (as figured by Evans, 1951, fig. 80).

Distribution. — El Salvador to Arizona and Texas, east to Florida
and north to New Jersey. This species occurs chiefly at low elevations
(usually below 4000 feet) and is therefore absent from a large portion
of central Mexico. For U. S. records, see Evans, 1951. (Map 47.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 20 2 2,
32 646. Mexico: CHIHUAHUA: 1 2, 92 km. N Chihuahua, June
[AMNH]; 1 ¢, 2 é 8, Chihuahua, 12 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ];
1 ¢, 17 mi. W Chihuahua, 5900 feet, 23 June 1956 (HAS) [OSU];
1 2, 25 mi. S Chihuahua, 11 Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS]; 1 ¢, 18 mi.
W Jimenez, 10 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Santa Clara Canyon,
5 mi. W Parrita, 6 July 1954 (EIS) [CIS]. Sonora: 1 ¢?, Cornelio,
7 Oct. 1938 (R. H. Crandall) [CU]; 1 @, 10 mi. NE Cananea, 16
Aug. 1959 (Werner and Nutting) [UA]. SINALoA: 4 2 2, Los
Mochis, July, Sept. (C. T. Dodds, RRD) [USNM, MSU]; 2 4 2, 8
mi. S Elota, 2 July 1963 (FDP) [UCD]. Nayarit: 1 ?, Ahuacat-
lan, 18 July 1951 (PDH) [CIS]. GukERRERO: 1 ¢, Acapulco, Sept.
(HHS) [type, BMNH]. Oaxaca: 2 22,2 86, 4 mi. S Tehuan-
tepec, 18 July 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS, MCZ]; 1 2°, 7 mi. NE Juchi-
tan, 18 July 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS]; 1 ¢, 16 mi. N Juchitan, 2 July
1955 [KU]; 3 ¢ 6, El Camaron, 20 mi. E Oaxaca, 7 Aug. 1956
(JWM) [CIS]; 1 2,2 6 6, 23 mi. S Matias Romero, 14 Aug. 1963
(FDP) [UCD]. Cutapas: 1 2,3 6 6, 15 mi. W Las Cruces, 27
July 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS]. VERACRUZ: 1 ¢, Veracruz, 20 June
1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 °, km. 25, RR from Sureste, Aug. 1944 (M.
Guerra) [AMNH]; 2 2? ¢, 12 4 2, Minatitlan, 26 Aug.-1 Sept. 1961
(RRD) [MSU]. GuaATEMALA: 1 9°, Tiucal, 20 Aug. 1961 (M.
Irwin) [UCD]. Et Satvapor: 1 é, Quezaltepeque, 18 June 1963
(M. Irwin) [UCD].

Variation. — As noted above, specimens from Guatemala south-
ern Mexico are consistently rather intensely bluish, while those from

HOWARD E. EVANS DAT

northern Mexico and the United States show considerable variation
in this regard, often having the pubescence brownish-violaceous, with
limited bluish reflections. Southern specimens also average somewhat
smaller. For example, the available males from southern Mexico
(Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas) have a mean length of the fore
wing of 10.8 mm. (ranging from 9.0 to 12.5 mm.), while the com-
parable figures for Chihuahua are 13 (12-15), Arizona 12.5 (9.5-
15), Florida 13 (11.5-15). The genitalia of the type and other speci-
mens from southern Mexico seem identical to those of U. S. specimens.

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) xerophilus Evans

Anoplius xerophilus Evans, 1947, Ent. News, 58: 10-14 [Type: ¢, NEw
Mexico: Steins, 14 July 1917 (J. C. Bradley) (CU, no. 2398) ].

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) xerophilus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., 76: 253-255.

Arachnophroctonus gaigei Dreisbach, 1954, Amer. Midl. Nat., 52: 438-439
[Type: 6, Texas: Phantom Lake, Davis Mts., 9 June 1916 (F. M.
Gaige) (Univ. Michigan)]. Synonym by Evans, 1956, Ent. News,
67: 7.

This is a striking species by virtue of its very broad head. It has
a limited distribution in arid regions of northern Mexico and south-
western United States.

Female. — Length 10-13 mm. Black; wings moderately infuscated, with
a darker marginal band; pubescence very dark, reflecting bluish. Front with
considerable short, dark hair; thoracic dorsum slightly hairy; propodeum with
rather abundant dark hair of moderate length. Clypeus truncate apically.
Head unusually broad, measuring 1.2-1.27 X as broad as high; inner orbits
diverging above, MID 1.2-1.3 X LID, .61-.64 X TFD; UID about 1.1 X LID;
third antennal segment only slightly more than half UID. Ocelli in a broad, flat
triangle, the front angle much greater than a right angle. Pronotum rather
long, feebly angulate behind. Propodeum with an abrupt, oblique, slightly
concave declivity behind, the sides of the declivity faintly protuberant. Front
basitarsus with three comb-spines, the spines only slightly longer than the width
of the tarsus at their base. Fore wing with SMC3 four-sided although much
narrowed above. T1 somewhat swollen, its anterior surface nearly perpendicu-
lar to the dorsal surface, this tergite with a faint median impression.

Male. — Length 7.5-12 mm. Black; wings lightly to moderately infus-
cated, with a darker outer marginal band; pubescence mostly dark, with bluish
Teflections, often silvery on the base of the mandibles, clypeus, and lower front,
sometimes also on parts of the pronotum and propodeum. Propodeum with
abundant, fairly long hair, but abdominal venter smooth, completely without

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 2\)

278 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

s ‘ j ze
(a { | | } (He semen yee
aoe H i en j je | Se Bae
a wy
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eras LG = i } i i
\ NN
Or :
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oy aS -
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mh
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ry v aN é 2 ae
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Map 48 eC
A . z |
Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) xerophilus Evans 7 ee C i
(also occurs in southwestern U.S.) & am)
: ie
© Anoplius (Ar) marginalis (Banks) ij oe .
(also widely distr. in U.S.) A s ST" Ney
@ Anoplius (Ar) chiapanus Evans SW eae
JRANA

erect hairs. Head very broad, 1.2-1.3 X as broad as high; MID .63-.68 X TFD;
UID about 1.2 X LID. Ocelli in a broad, flat triangle, OOL considerably ex-
ceeding POL; vertex slightly raised at the ocellar triangle. Pronotum as in
female; propodeum sloping but weakly for most of its length, then almost
vertically declivous behind. Last segment of front tarsus strongly lobed on
inner margin, the inner claw of this tarsus much modified. SGP broad and
smooth, the mid-line weakly carinate, the apex obtusely angulate. Genitalia
with the parameres straight, the digiti clothed densely with setae which are
bent near their apices (see fig. 81 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — Baja California, Durango, and Nuevo Leon to
southern California, Utah, and western Texas. See Evans, 1951,
for U. S. records; the Texas record is from Dreisbach, 1954. (Map
48.)

Mexican specimens examined.—1 2,5 6 6. BAJA CALIFORNIA:
1 6, 10 mi. S Punta Prieta, 21 June (AEM & ESR) [CAS]. Caur-
HUAHUA: 1 2, 18 mi. W Jimenez, 10 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].
DuRANGO: 2 ¢ 6, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].
CoaHUILA: 1 6, 23 mi. N Saltillo, 11 Aug. 1959 (AM & LS)
[UCD]. Nuevo LEon: 1 ¢, Vallecillo, 2 June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].

HOWARD E. EVANS 279

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) marginalis (Banks)

Sphex tropica Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Ent., p. 350 (nec Linnaeus, 1758).

Pompilus tropicus Fabricius, 1798, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 250. — Cresson, 1867,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 98.

Arachnophroctonus tropicus Howard, 1901, The Insect Book, pl. VII, fig. 11.

Psammochares marginalis Banks, 1910, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 18: 118 [Type:
2, NorTH CAROLINA: Southern Pines, 23 May (A. H. Manee) (MCZ,
no. 13, 685) ].

Psammochares castella Banks, 1910, Psyche, 17: 248 [Type: ¢, TExas: Fedor,
Lee Co., 3 May 1909 (Birkman) (MCZ, no. 13, 689)]. Synonym
by Evans, 1951.

Psammochares fabricii Banks, 1933, Psyche, 40: 6 (new name for tropica
Fabricius, preoccupied). Synonym by Evans, 1951.

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) marginalis Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., 76: 255-258.

A more complete list of references for this common North Ameri-
can species is given by Evans, 1951. The species has not previously
been recorded from Mexico and in fact apparently occurs only in
the extreme northern part.

Female. — Length 11-20 mm. Black, T2 with a broad band of orange,
emarginate behind; rarely the orange extends to the adjacent tergites, even to
the sternites. Wings fuliginous, somewhat violaceous. Pubescence wholly
dark, somewhat brownish, obscurely reflecting bluish or greenish in certain
lights. Propodeum with a rather variable amount of fine, dark hair. Clypeus
very broad, 2.6-3.0 X as broad as high, subtruncate or somewhat rounded
apically. Front broad, MID .57-.65 X TFD; UID .85-.95 X LID. Front angle
of ocellar triangle greater than a right angle, OOL exceeding POL. Antennae
relatively short, segment three measuring from .55 to .J0 X UID. Pronotum
broadly angulate behind. Propodeum short, with a well-defined flattened de-
clivity. Front basitarsus with four comb-spines (rarely three or five), the
spines 1.5-2 X as long as the width of the tarsus at their bases. Fore wing
with SMC3 much narrowed above, subtriangular in most specimens.

Male. — Length 6.5-17 mm. Color of body and wings as in female;
pubescence largely brownish, often silvery on sides of lower front. Propodeum
with abundant dark hairs; abdominal venter with sparse, short setae. Front
broad, MID .56-.64 X TFD; inner orbits diverging above, UID slightly ex-
ceeding LID. Ocelli in a broad triangle; OOL slightly greater than POL. Pro-
podeal declivity much less abrupt than in the preceding species, front tarsus
modified as in that species. SGP broad, rounded apically, nearly flat, its outer
margin fringed with fairly long, curved setae. Genitalia with the parameres
elongate, strongly setose; digiti slender and tapering, the disc clothed (except
at the tip) with short setae, most of which are bent at an angle near their
tips (see fig. 84 in Evans, 1951).

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

280 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Distribution. — Arizona, Chihuahua, Texas, and Florida to Utah,
Manitoba, Ontario, and Massachusetts. (Map 48.)

Mexican specimens examined. —1 °, 3 é 6. CHIHUAHUA: 1
é, Villa Ahumada, 28 July 1953 (Kansas Univ. Exped.) [KU]; 1
2,1 6, Samalayuca, 6 Aug. 1950 (RFS) [AMNH]; 1 4, Guzman,
4400 feet, 6 Aug. 1906 (P. P. Calvert) [ANSP].

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) relativus (Fox)

Pompilus relativus Fox, 1893, Canad. Ent., 25: 114 [Type: 2, NEw JERSEY:
Ocean Co. (ANSP, no. 412)].

Psammochares (Allocyphonyx) hesione Banks, 1910, Psyche, 17: 250 [Type:
é, KANSAS: Douglas Co. (Snow) (MCZ, no. 13, 694)]. Synonym
by Evans, 1951.

Psammochares difficilis Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 105 [Type:
2, ViRGINIA: Falls Church, 8 Sept. (NB) (MCZ, no. 10, 019)].
Synonym by Evans, 1951.

Anoplius confraternus Banks, 1926, Canad. Ent., 58: 201 [Type: 2, ONTARIO:
Ridgeway, 24 July 1910 (Van Duzee) (MCZ, no. 15, 802)]. Syno-
nym by Evans, 1951.

Psammochares henshawi Banks, 1939, Canad. Ent., 71: 226 [Type: 2, WASH-
INGTON: Ainsworth, 20 July 1882 (MCZ, no. 23, 480)]. Synonym
by Evans, 1951.

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) relativus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
76: 248-252.

Arachnophroctonus variegatus Dreisbach, 1957, Ent. News, 68: 72-74 |Type:
6, NEw Mexico (no further data) (AMNH)]. New synonym.

As the long list of synonyms suggests, this is a widely distributed
and somewhat variable species. It is not uncommon over much of
Mexico, but somehow escaped inclusion in the Biologia Centrali-
Americana.

Female. — Length 11-21 mm. Black; wings fuliginous, violaceous; pubes-
cence wholly dark, more or less bluish-refulgent. Front and vertex moderately
hairy; thoracic dorsum sparsely hairy; propodeum with a considerable amount
of erect hair, especially on the sides. Head about 1.10-1.15 X as wide as high;
clypeus 2.6-3.0 X as wide as high, its apical margin truncate or slightly con-
cave; vertex forming a gentle arc a short distance about tops of eyes. Front
moderately broad, MID .54-.64 X TFD; UID .82-.95 X LID; antennal segment
three equal to from .65 to .95 X UID. Ocelli in a broad triangle, front angle
usually slightly greater than a right angle; POL and OOL nearly equal. Pos-
terior margin of pronotum varying from arcuate to broadly angulate. Propo-
deum with a well-defined oblique declivity. Front basitarsus with three comb-

HOWARD E. EVANS 281

spines, the spines usually from 1.5-2.0 X as long as the thickness of the tarsus
at their bases. Fore wing with SMC3 narrowed above by at least two-thirds its
width at the bottom, often subtriangular (fig. 19).

Male. — Length 8-18 mm. Color of body and wings as in female, excepi
pubescence on lower front and temples, sides of clypeus, and base of mandi-
bles sometimes silvery. Front, vertex, and temples with abundant dark hair;
propodeum with abundant, fairly long, dark hair; S4 and 5 with brushes of
hairs, of somewhat variable length and density. Inner orbits divergent to just
above the middle, then convergent above, UID subequal to or slightly greater
than LID. Posterior margin of pronotum feebly angulate or almost arcuate.
Propodeum sloping weakly in front, then abruptly, almost vertically declivous
on the posterior fifth. Last segment of front tarsus strongly lobed on the inner
margin. SMC3 commonly nearly triangular. Abdomen somewhat flattened
dorsally, ventrally with hair-tufts as described above. SGP rather smooth,
rounded apically, median portion slightly convex but not sharply elevated.
Genitalia with the parameres slender, slightly curved; digiti somewhat spindle-
shaped, directed strongly mesad apically and bearing a tuft of long setae which
are curved upward apically (see fig. 2 in Evans, 1950).

Distribution. — Temperate and subtropical parts of North Amer-
ica, from Florida, Oaxaca, and Baja California to British Columbia,
Ontario, and Massachusetts. Peripheral U. S. records were presented
by Evans, 1951. In Mexico this species ranges throughout the cen-
tral plateau and sparingly into the higher parts of Guerrero and
Oaxaca, occurring chiefly in open country at altitudes of between
4000 and 7000 feet (except lower in northern Mexico). (Map 49.)

Mexican specimens examined. — 83 ° 2,89 8 6. NUEVO LEON:
1 ¢, Galeana, Aug. (R. Haag) [MCZ]. CoanuiLa: 1 3, 28 mi.
N Saltillo, Aug. (AM & LS) [UCD]. CurmuaHua: 3 2 2, 2 6 6,
Samalayuca, June, Aug. [AMNH]; 1 2, Gallego, Aug. (WG)
[AMNH]; 1 ¢@, 1 mi. N San Isidro, Aug. (RFS) [AMNH]; 1 ¢, 2
mi. W Pedernales, 17 Aug. (RFS) [AMNH]; 2 ¢ ¢, Arroyo Mes-
teno, Sierra del Nido, 7600 feet, July (W. C. Russell) [CIS]; 1 ¢,
Santa Clara, July (CDM) [AMNH]; 1 2, 16 mi. SE Chihuahua,
July (WG) [AMNH]; 1 ¢, 24 mi. SW Chihuahua, 6 Sept. 1962
(RHP) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, 70 mi. S Hidalgo del Parral, 6500 feet, 24
Oct. (HAS) [OSU]; 1 ¢,5 mi. S Parral, 5 Sept. 1962 (RHP) [MCZ];
1 ¢, 34 mi. S Chihuahua, 3600 feet, 25 Oct. (HAS) [OSU]; 1 °¢,
3 66,18 mi. W Jimenez, 10 Aug. (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, 25 mi. S
Chihuahua, Aug. (HEE) [MCZ]. Sonora: 1 ?, 7 mi. S Hermo-
sillo, 21 June 1957 (Chemsak & Rannells) [CIS]. BAsA CALI-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

282 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

FORNIA: 4 2 2, 25 mi. W La Paz, 30 Aug. 1959 (Radford & Wer-
ner) [UA]; 1 2, 7 mi. N Santa Anita, 7 Jan. 1959 (HBL) [CAS];
1 é, San Domingo, 19 July [CAS]. Duranco: 14 ¢ 2, 25 2 4,
8 mi. S Canutillo, Aug. (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CU, CIS, USNM]; 3
6 6, San Juan del Rio, Aug. (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 2, 10 mi. W Dur-
ango, 12 July (EIS) [CIS]; 1 2, 16 mi. W Durango, 7000 feet, 22
Oct. (HAS) [OSU]; 2 2 2, Palos Colorados, 8000 feet, 5 Aug. (MC)
[AMNH]; 1 2°, Nombre de Dios, 6 Aug. (HEE) [MCZ]. Zaca-
TECAS: 1 ?, 16 mi. NW Fresnillo, 6600 feet (R. H. Brewer) [CAS];
17 ¢¢,3 66, 15 km. E Sombrerete, July (HEE, PDH) [MCZ,
CU, CIS]. Jaisco: 4 2 2,17 é 6, Guadalajara, July [MCZ, CU,
ANSP]; 4 3 6, 7-8 mi. S Guadalajara, Aug., Sept. (FXW, RHP)
[CAS, MCZ]; 1. ¢, 8 mi. SW San Juan Lagos, Aug. (JWM) [CIS];
1 é, Puente Grande, 5000 feet, 20 Aug. 1954 [KU]; 1 2, 8 mi.
NE Jalostitlan, 6000 feet, 19 July 1954 [KU]. MIcHOACAN: 2 ¢ 2,
60 mi. E Zamora, 24 June (Chemsak & Rannells) [CIS]; 1 2°, 3 mi.
E Carapan, 6500 feet, July (HEE) [MCZ]. PueEBLa: 1 ¢, 3 mi.
N Petlalcingo, 3 Aug. 1963 (FDP) [UCD]. Mexico: 1 2, Chap-
ingo, June (FPM) [ENAC]; 4 2 2,2 6 8, Teotihuacan, July [MCZ,
ENAC, AMNH]. Moretos: 8 ¢ 2, 9 é 6, Cuernavaca & vic.,
5500-6500 feet, June, Oct. [MCZ, CU, USNM]; 2 ¢ 6, Tepoztlan,
Aug. (C. M. Yoshimoto) [CU]; 1 2, 7.3 mi. SSW Yautepec, 2 July
1961, 3500 feet [KU]; 1 2, Xochicalco, 13 July 1961, 4000 feet
(RRD) [MSU]; 2 ¢ é, Canyon de Lobos, nr. Yautepec, May, 4000
feet (HEE) [MCZ]; 3 22,1 ¢, Alpuyeca & vic., 3000 feet, May,
June (HEE) [MCZ]. GUuERRERO: 1 2, 10 km. E Chilpancingo,
5200 feet, July (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 ¢ 4, Chilpancingo, 24 July 1961
(RRD) [MSU]; 1 ¢, 3 mi. N Chilpancingo, Aug. (RHP) [MCZ];
1 6, Zumpango, 22 July 1963 (FDP) [UCD]; 2 ¢ 6,3 mi. N Taxco,
June (HEE) [CU, MCZ]. Oaxaca: 1 2, 9 mi. SE Oaxaca, 21 Aug.
1959 (AM & LS) [UCD]; 1 ¢, Oaxaca, 5000 feet, 24 Aug. 1957
(HAS) [OSU].

Variation. — Mexican specimens of this species do not appear
notably bluer and do not average smaller than U. S. specimens, as
occurs in acapulcoensis and several other species. Most of the very
considerable variation in this species appears to bear little correlation
to geography. The single male from Oaxaca has the hair-brushes
unusually short, and several males from Jalisco have the hair-brushes

HOWARD E. EVANS 283

: ; ' ie 3
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iy DA Pee
@ Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) relativus (Fox) XN Bow We

(also transcontinental in U.S.)

long but unusually thin, one specimen having only a few hairs on
the fourth sternite. There seem to be no important differences in
the terminalia of these specimens and others of the species. Pre-
sumably these peripheral populations are somewhat isolated and
show minor divergences from the norm.

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) chiapanus new species

Allotype. —2, Mexico: Cutapas: El Zapotal, 2 mi. S Tuxtla
Gutierrez, 9 July 1957 (PDH) [CAS].

Description of allotype female. — Length 10.5 mm.; fore wing 10 mm.
Black; pubescence wholly dark, reflecting various shades of blue and blue-
green, except posterior coxae silvery behind; fore wings moderately infuscated,
with a darker band along the outer margin, hind wings lightly infuscated, sub-
hyaline basally and posteriorly. Head with fairly abundant short setae; thor-
acic dorsum sparsely setose; propodeum with numerous short, fine hairs on
the sides; front coxae setose but remaining coxae barely so; abdominal venter
and apical tergites strongly setose, the apical tergite with an unusually large
number of bristle-like setae. Head 1.15 X as wide as high, vertex passing
straight across a very short distance above the eye tops. Clypeus 2.6 X as
wide as high, its apical margin weakly concave. Front narrow, MID .53 X
TFD; UID .86 X LID. Front angle of ocellar triangle about a right angle,

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

284 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

POL and OOL equal. Antennae moderately elongate, first four segments in
a ratio of about 15:4:20:15, segment three equal to .9 X UID. Pronotum
short, broadly angulate behind. Propodeum short, with a rather abrupt, nearly
flat declivity on the posterior .4. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, the
spines only very slightly longer than the width of the tarsus at their bases.
Anal vein of hind wing meeting median vein slightly beyond origin of cubitus.
Fore wing with marginal cell removed from wing tip by about its own length;
SMC3 slightly wider below than second but more strongly narrowed above,
actually narrowed by about two-thirds above.

Holotype. — é, MExi1co: CHIAPAS: 12 mi. E Comitan, 3 Aug.
1952 (EG & CM) [CAS].

Description of type male. — Length 10 mm.; fore wing 8.5 mm. Black,
upper outer orbits very narrowly pale, posterior margin of pronotum with a
whitish stripe which is interrupted medially; fore wings lightly infuscated, with
a dark marginal band; hind wings subhyaline, infuscated apically. Pubescence
of much of thoracic dorsum and parts of abdomen dark, with bluish reflections,
elsewhere strongly silvery, especially on the front, coxae, lower pleura, pos-
terior part of propodeum, broad basal bands on basal three tergites, and all of
remaining tergites, the pubescence being especially dense and pale on the api-
cal tergite. Front with abundant dark setae; propodeum with many rather
long, pale setae; abdominal sternites smooth except for a few inconspicuous
setae on SS. Clypeus 2.2 X as wide as high, truncate below. Front broad,
MID .63 X TFD; MID 1.2 X LID; UID subequal to LID. Ocelli in a right
triangle; POL:OOL=5:6. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about
10:3:9:10, segment three twice as long as thick. Posterior margin of pro-
notum broadly angulate. Propodeum with a short, steep declivity behind.
Last segment of front tarsus rather weakly lobed on inner margin; inner front
tarsal claws strongly bent, the inner ray lobe-like, all other claws with the in-
ner ray truncate and only slightly shorter than the outer ray. Longer spur of
hind tibia nearly as long as basitarsus. Venation similar to that of female,
except SMC3 not quite as wide as second, narrowed by about two-thirds above.
Venter with only scattered short, inconspicuous setae. SGP broad, rounded
apically, somewhat tectiform and hirsute medially. Genitalia with the para-
meres curved but slightly, broadest about one-third their length from the apex;
digiti spindle-shaped, densely clothed with moderately long setae which are
angled at their apices; base of digitus with a group of long setae (fig. 52).

Distribution. — Western Mexico to Costa Rica. (Map 48.)

Paratypes. — Mexico: JALIsco: 2 ? 2, Guadalajara, 5000 feet,
14 July 1959 (HEE) [MCZ, CU]. Nayarit: 1 ¢, 35 mi. S Tepic,
27 July 1954 (MC, WG) [AMNH]. SINALoa: 1 ?, Mazatlan, 19
July 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 4 8, 8 mi. S Elota, 2 July 1963 (FDP

HOWARD E. EVANS 285

& LS) [UCD, MCZ]. Et SALvapor: 1 ¢,5 3 6, Quezaltepeque,
June, July 1963 (Cavagnaro & Irwin; Scullen & Bolinger) [UCD,
OSU, MCZ]; 1 2, 2.5 mi. N Quezaltepeque, 6 July 1961 (M. Irwin)
[UCD]. Honpuras: | 6, 7 mi. E Goascoran Valle, 200 feet, 25
July 1958 (Neff & Matthews) [MCZ]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢, 8 mi.
NW Liberia, 28 July 1963 (HAS) [OSU].

Variation. — The females vary in size from 9 to 13.5 mm., fore
wing from 8 to 12.5 mm. In the larger females the vertex tends to
form a weak arc a short distance above the eye tops. MID varies
from .53 to .58 X TFD, antennal segment three from .73 to .90 X
UID. Curiously, the claws are quite distinctly bifid in the type and
in the female from Quezaltepeque, although in all other females (in-
cluding the one from 2.5 mi. north of Quezaltepeque) they are den-
tate as usual in this subgenus.

The males vary in size from 7 to 10 mm., fore wing from 6 to
9.5mm. The genitalia show but little variation, although the abund-
ance and length of the erect setae on the SGP does show consider-
able variation, some specimens approaching moestus in this regard.
In the male paratypes SMC3 is narrowed by .5-.7 above.

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) cuautemoc new species

Holotype. —é, MExico: GUERRERO: 3 mi. N Taxco, 1 June
1959, 5500 feet (HEE) [MCZ, no. 30, 971].

Description of type male.— Length 9 mm.; fore wing 7.5 mm. Black,
upper outer orbits with a very small pale streak, posterior margin of pronotum
with a strong whitish band; wings subhyaline, apical margin of fore wing and
apex of hind wing with a broad fuscous band. Head, thorax, and basal parts
of legs with fine, conspicuous silvery pubescence, absent only from vertex,
mesoscutum, and scutellar disc, where the pubescence is dark; abdomen ex-
tensively silvery, especially on the apical tergites, pubescence darker at apices
of basal tergites and also on much of sides and venter. Front and vertex with
numerous erect setae; thoracic dorsum sparsely setose; propodeum with numer-
ous pale setae on the sides; abdominal sternites each with a few dark setae of
moderate length. Clypeus twice as broad as high, its apical margin truncate.
Head 1.12 X as wide as high, the vertex forming a gentle arc between the eye
tops; MID .61 XK TFD; UID 1.06 X LID. POL and OOL subequal, front
angle of ocellar triangle about a right angle. First four antennal segments in
a ratio of about 20:5:14:15, segment three about twice as long as wide. Pro-
notum broadly, indistinctly angulate behind. Propodeum sloping but slightly

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

286 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

in front, roundly declivous on the posterior fifth. Last segment of front tarsus
weakly lobed on inner margin, both the front tarsal claws strongly curved,
the inner pair more than the outer; remaining claws with the inner ray trun-
cate, not as long as outer ray. Longer spur of hind tibia nearly as long as
basitarsus. Fore wing with marginal cell removed from wing tip by 1.2 X its
own length; SMC3 not quite as wide as second, triangular; anal vein of hind
Wings interstitial with cubitus. SGP fairly broad, the apex weakly rounded,
the median line strongly elevated basally, more weakly so toward the apex;
sides of plate broadly unpigmented, translucent; surface clothed with short,
semierect setulae (fig. 82). Genitalia with the parameres very slender, weakly
curved; digiti rather large, spindle-shaped, directed strongly mesad so as to
overlap apically, covered with erect setae except at tip; basal hooklets of
characteristic shape (fig. 53).

Distribution. — Eastern Mexico to Costa Rica. (Map 50.)

Paratypes. — Mexico: TAMAULIPAS: 1 6, Liera, 19 July 1954
(KU Mex. Exped.) [KU]. SAN Luts Potosi: 2 ¢ 6, Xilitla, 23 July
1954, 1450 feet, 23 July 1954 (KU Mex. Exped.) [KU]; 1 ¢, 20
mi. N Tamazunchale, 19 May 1952 (MC) [AMNH]. VERACRUZ:
2 6 8, Fortin de las Flores, Aug., Sept. (RHP, FXW) [MCZ, CAS];
2 64, Cordoba, 1 Jan. 1941 (GEB) [CIS]; 3 6 4, Orizaba, 12
Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]; 1 ¢, Minatitlan, 26 Aug. 1961 (RRD)
[MSU]; 1 4, Veracruz, 1-6 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]; 2 2 4, Acay-
ucan, 23 Oct. 1957 (RRD) [MSU]. Oaxaca: 4 6 6, Palomares,
5-21 Sept. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]. Yucatan: 1 4, Chichen Itza,
June 1929 (JB) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, 9 mi. E Chichen Itza, 13 Aug. 1963
(HAS) [OSU]. British HonpurAs: 2 ¢ ¢6, Augustine Mt. Pine
Ridge, 3-7 July 1963 (CCP) [MCZ]. Et SAaLvapor: 1 ¢, Quezal-
tepeque, 22 June 1963 (M. Irwin) [UCD]. Cosra Rica: 1 ¢, 6
mi. W Turrialba, 3800 feet, 21 July 1963 (HAS) [OSU].

Variation. — The 25 paratypes vary in size from 6 to 9 mm., the
fore wing from 5.0 to 7.5 mm. In about half the specimens OOL
exceeds POL slightly. SMC3 is non-petiolate, like the type, in most
of the specimens, but it is short-petiolate in six (one from Fortin, one
from Cordoba, one from Xilitla, one from Orizaba, and two from
British Honduras) and rather long-petiolate in two (both Orizaba) ;
in the Tamaulipas specimen SMC3 is narrowed by only .8 above.
In some specimens SMC3 is as wide as SMC2, while in others it is
not nearly as wide. The head is missing in one of the Cordoba and
one of the Xilitla specimens.

HOWARD E. EVANS 287

Map 50

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) cuautemoc Evans
@ Form 8H
O Form RS

This species is distinctly dimorphic (like the closely related spe-
cies americanus, the males of which are tetramorphic). While most
of the males are very similar to the type in coloration and in charac-
ters of the terminalia, three of them differ in the following particu-
lars: second and third abdominal segments, and apical margin of
first (in one case also base of fourth) orange-brown; digiti bearing
very short, barely visible setae. I do not care to place these three
specimens in a separate subspecies for several reasons: (1) the ter-
minalia are virtually identical except that the setae on the digiti are
much shorter in the rufous form, (2) the two forms have been taken
together on one occasion but remain distinct, suggesting that they
are either full species or morphs, (3) the dimorphism closely paral-
lels that in americanus and involves some of the same characters.
For the present I shall call the all-black form with longer setae on
the digiti form BH, the rufous form with smoother digiti form RS;
the latter is known only from two specimens from Yucatan and one
from British Honduras (map 50).

Remarks. — The female of this species is doubtless very similar
to that of americanus, and in fact is probably being confused with
americanus ambiguus at the present.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

288 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) moestus (Banks)

Pompiloides moestus Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 226 [Type: 2,
Texas, Fedor, Lee Co., April (Birkman) (MCZ, no. 13, 677)].

Anoplius comanche Banks, 1941, Canad. Ent., 73: 121 [Type: 6, TExas:
Nueces River, Uvalde Co., 2 July 1917 (JB) (MCZ, no. 25, 262)].
Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) moestus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
86: 276-277.

Female. — Length 9-16 mm. Black; pubescence wholly dark, obscurely
bluish, except sometimes cinereous or silvery on base of mandibles and lower
front. Fore wings moderately to rather heavily infuscated, with a darker mar-
ginal band; hind wings subhyaline or lightly infuscated, darker apically. Pro-
podeum with at most a small amount of very short, fine hair on the sides.
Clypeus truncate or weakly concave below. Front narrow, MID .52-.56 X
TFD; UID .8 to .9 X LID; third antennal segment subequal to UID; POL:
OOL about as 5:4. Pronotum broadly angulate behind. Propodeum with a
nearly flat, oblique declivity on the posterior third. Front basitarsus with
three comb-spines, the spines not or barely longer than the width of the basi-
tarsus; claws dentate. SMC3 triangular or subtriangular.

Male. — Length 5.5-11 mm. Black; wings subhyaline to moderately in-
fuscated, with a darker marginal band. Pubescence silvery at least on the base
of the mandibles, clypeus, front, and temples, often also on the propodeum
and sometimes over much of the thorax; abdomen with the pubescence dark,
obscurely bluish. Propodeum smooth or with a few weak, pale hairs on the
sides. Front of moderate breadth, MID .56-.61 X TFD; UID subequal to or
slightly greater than LID; POL subequal to or slightly greater than OOL.
Pronotum angulate behind. Last segment of front tarsus only weakly pro-
duced on inner margin. SMC3 triangular, often petiolate. Venter with sparse
setae, and S4-6 each with a patch of very short hairs near the base (not always
clearly visible). SGP wholly covered with moderately long, fully erect setae.
Genitalia with the parameres shorter than the digiti, the latter spindle-shaped,
wholly covered with setae of moderate length which are angled upward at
their tips (see fig. 86 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — This is a common species throughout much of
Mexico except at low elevations (below 3000 feet) and in high alti-
tude forests. The total range extends from Arizona and southern
Kansas to Chiapas. (Map 51.)

Mexican specimens examined. — 78 2 2,97 8 6. TAMAULIPAS:
1 3, 8 mi. S Jimenez, 15 June 1953 [KU]. Nurvo LEON: 3 2 2,
11 6 6, Vallecillo, 2 June 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS]. Coa-
HUILA: 1 2, Buena Vista, Sierra del Carmen, 22 July [CIS]; 2 4 ¢,

HOWARD E. EVANS 289

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Map 51 &

@ Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) moestus (Banks)
(also southwestern U.S.)

20 mi. S Piedras Negras, 10 Aug. 1959 (LS & AM) [UCD]. Cui-
HUAHUA: 1 2, Villa Allende, 6 Dec. [U. Minnesota]; 1 2,2 6 6,17
mi. W Chihuahua, 5900 feet, 20 June 1956 (HAS) [OSU]; 1 ¢, 66
mi. S Hidalgo del Parral, 6350 feet, 20 June 1956 (HAS) [OSU]: 1
2, 18 mi. W Jimenez, 10 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Duranco: 11
22,9 66, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ,
CU, CIS]. Sinatoa: 1 2, 2 ¢ 6, Potrerillos, 5200 feet, 21 Aug.
1962 (HEE) [MCZ}. Zacatecas: 2 6 6, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-
31 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Nayarit: 3 6 6, 15 km. N Chapa-
lilla, 19 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Jauisco: 1 2, 1 4, Guadala-
jara, 23 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ];1 ¢,1 4, 8 mi. S Guadalajara,
Sept. (FXW) [CAS]; 3 2 2,12 4 4, Villa Guadalupe, 26 July 1951
(HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CU, CIS]. MicHoacan: 1 ¢, 33 mi. W Mor-
elia, 7400 feet, 21 Sept. 1957 (HAS) [OSU]; 20 2° 2,3 464, 10
km. W Zitacuaro, 11 July 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CU, CIS].
QUERETARO: 1 2, 11 mi. W Queretaro, 6000 feet, 18 Aug. 1954
(CDM) [KU]; 1 ¢°, Palmillas, 7000 feet, 8 Aug. 1962 (HEE)
[MCZ]. San Luis Potosi: 1 ¢, 5 mi. E Ciudad del Maiz, 23 Aug.
1954 (RRD) [MSU]. Mexico: 1 ¢, Teotihuacan, 16 June 1951
(HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Valle de Bravo, 6500 feet, 3 Aug. 1962 (HEE)

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

290 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

[MCZ]. PuresLa: 1 2, Tehuacan, 23 June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].
VERACRUZ: 2 22, 2 66,5 mi. E Acultzingo, 5000 feet, 9 June
1959 (HEE) [MCZ, CU]; 1 2,1 8, Orizaba, 12 Aug. 1961 (RRD)
[MSU]. Moretos: 18 2 2, 30 6 6, 3 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 6500
feet, May-June 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 2, 12 mi. E Cuernavaca,
4300 feet, 14 Aug. 1957 [KU]; 1 2, 8 6 6, Tepoztlan, Aug., Sept.
(CY) [MCZ, CU]. GUERRERO: 1 2, Chilapa, 4600 feet, 29 July
1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 4 8, Almolongo, 6000 feet, 29 July 1962
(HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, 10 mi. E Chilpancingo, 5200 feet, 30 July
1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. Oaxaca: 1 ¢, 3 mi. N Oaxaca, 8 July 1952
(EG & CM) [CIS]; 1 ¢, Oaxaca, 5000 feet, 24 Aug. 1957 (HAS)
[OSU]. CutApAs: 1 2, 16 mi. NW Comitan, 3 Aug. 1952 (EG)
[CIS].

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) americanus ambiguus (Dahlbom)

Pompilus ambiguus Dahlbom, 1845, Hymen. Europaea, Suppl. I, p. 452 [Type:
9, Mexico (Univ. Lund, no. 52)].— Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat.
Hymen., VIII, p. 272. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77:
308 (listed as unrecognizable).

Pompilus coruscus Smith, 1855, Catal. Hymen. Brit. Mus., III, p. 156 [Type:
2, SANTO DomINGo (BMNH, no. 19, 644)]. — Cameron, 1893, Biol.
Centr.-Amer., Hymen. IJ, p. 204 (Panama, Guatemala, Mexico).
New synonym.

Pompilus juxtus Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 4: 128 [Type: 2, CuBA
(ANSP, no. 421)]. _New synonym.

Pompilus subargenteus Cresson, 1965, ibid., p. 129 [Type: 6, CuBaA (Gundlach
Coll., Havana) (not seen by present writer) |. — Cameron, 1893, Biol.
Centr.-Amer., Hymen. I, p. 205 (Mexico). New synonym.

Pompilus coruscus var. juxtus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 103.
— Fox, 1894, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2)4: 99 (Baja Calif.).

Pompiloides subargenteus Banks, 1931, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 26: 133
(Yucatan).

Anoplius puella Banks, 1941, Canad. Ent., 73: 121 [Type: 6, TExAs: Galves-
ton, June (MCZ, no. 25, 261)]. New synonym.

Pompilinus orthodes Banks, 1944, Zoologica, 29: 112 [Type: 2, BritisH
GUIANA: Georgetown, 29 Sept. 1922 (JB) (MCZ, no. 26, 642)].—
Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 408 (Br. Guiana, Trini-
dad, Colombia). New synonym.

Anoplius varunus Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 419 [Type: 4,
BRITISH GUIANA: New Amsterdam, Aug. 1923 (FXW) (MCZ, no.
27, 224)]. New synonym.

HOWARD E. EVANS 291

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) americanus juxtus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 76: 273-275 (Panama to Calif. and Ala., also Cuba).

The type of Dahlbom’s ambiguus is labeled “Mexico”, although
he gave only “America” in his original description. The type is in
good condition and is a typical specimen of “juxtus” agreeing closely
with specimens from Guadalajara and other central Mexican locali-
ties. The type of Smith’s coruscus is also in good condition and has
more rufous on the abdomen than the types of juxtus or ambiguus,
as is typical of material from Hispaniola and the Lesser Antilles.
Although I stated in 1951 that I considered coruscus to be distinct
from juxtus and to belong in the subgenus Pompilinus, I was incor-
rect; the species I believed to be coruscus is described in a later page
as Anoplius (Pompilinus) hispaniolae n. sp. Some aspects of varia-
tion in this highly variable form are discussed below.

Female. — Length 9-17 mm. Black, except abdomen bright orange-brown
basally; T1 of this color except at extreme base, T2 entirely so, T3 entirely so
or with a broad band which is emarginate behind, T4 and even T5 occasionally
orange-brown in whole or greater part; basal sternites (especially the second)
often in part or wholly orange-brown. Wings lightly to moderately infuscated,
with a darker marginal band. Pubescence conspicuously silvery on the cly-
peus, lower front, and temples, sometimes also on parts of the pleura, coxae,
and propodeum. Propodeum at most with some very short, pale, inconspicu-
ous hairs on the sides. Clypeus truncate below. Front narrow, MID .50-.56
X TFD; UID .75-.85 X LID; POL:OOL about as 5:4; third antennal seg-
ment subequal to UID. Pronotum angulate behind. Propodeum with the
median line lightly impressed in front, posterior third with a nearly flat de-
clivity. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, the spines not much if any
longer than the width of the tarsal segments. SMC3 triangular or nearly so,
sometimes short-petiolate.

Male. — Length 5-11 mm. Black, posterior margin of pronotum with a
whitish stripe; basal portion of abdomen generally encircled with orange-brown,
but in some specimens the abdomen is entirely black. Wings hyaline or sub-
hyaline, outer margin of fore wing and tip of hind wing banded with brown.
Silvery pubescence very extensive, the apical tergite especially densely pubes-
cent. Propodeum often with a few pale, inconspicuous hairs on the sides;
venter with sparse, short setae, or sometimes with denser and longer setae which
tend to form loose brushes of hairs on sternites 3-5. MID varying from .54
to .64 X TFD; UID subequal to or slightly greater than LID; POL equal to
or slightly exceeding OOL. Third antennal segment 2.0-2.2 X as long as wide,
in most specimens very slightly shorter than fourth segment. Pronotum angu-
late behind; propodeum weakly impressed medially, steeply declivous on pos-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

292 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

terior fifth. Last segment of front tarsus weakly produced on inner margin.
SMC3 triangular, often petiolate. Venter with a variable amount of hair, as
noted above; SGP with only sparse, suberect, rather short setae, its median
line only weakly, roundly elevated, the apex rounded. Genitalia with the
parameres slender, weakly curved; digiti spindle-shaped, acuminate apically,
the center of the disc smooth, slightly concave, surrounded by extremely long

setae, those toward the apex especially long, sinuate apically (see fig. 85 in
Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — Anoplius americanus occurs throughout most of
the warmer parts of North America, Central America, the north coast
of South America, and the Greater and Lesser Antilles. Typical
americanus is characteristic of eastern United States except Georgia
and Florida, which are inhabited by a slightly larger and darker form,
trifasciatus. Throughout the remainder of the range (north to Cali-
fornia, Utah, Kansas, and Alabama) the species is rather variable, but
there seems to be no basis for splitting it into further subspecies. For
distribution of the three subspecies in the United States, see Evans,
1951. Antillean specimens of ambiguus before me are from Cuba,
Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts, Barbados, St. Georges, and Gre-
nada; South American specimens are from Trinidad, Surinam, British
Guiana, and Colombia (for South American records see under or-
thodes and varunus in Banks, 1947). (Map 52.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 122 2 2,
178 84. Mexico: TAMAULIPAS: (recorded by Evans, 1951).
CHIHUAHUA: 1 2, Villa Ahumada, 28 July 1953, 3700 feet [KU].
Sonora: 1 2, 10 mi. E Navajoa, 13 Aug. 1959 (Werner & Nutting)
[UA]; 6 ¢ 6, Cocorit, 11 June 1961 (FDP) [UCD]. Baga CALI-
FORNIA: 5 2 2, 3 6 4, San José del Cabo, Oct. [CAS]. SINALOA:
2 22,3 66, Mazatlan, May, July, Aug. [MCZ, UCD, AMNH];
3 6 6, Chupaderos, May, Aug. (HEE, FDP) [MCZ, UCD]; 2 ¢ ¢,
Guamuchil, 6 May 1953 (RCB & EIS) [CIS]; 2 ¢ 2, 1 6, 8 mi. SE
Elota, 19 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]; 1 ¢, 11 mi. N Culiacan, 20 May
1962 (LS) [UCD]. Duranco: 1 ¢?, Ventanas, 2000 feet (Forrer)
[BMNH];1 2,7 6 6, Nombre de Dios, 6 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].
Nayarit: 4 é 6, San Blas, 20 July 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS];
2 é 6,5 mi. E San Blas; 25) July 1957 KU) JAUIscos 7 onoreZ
é 6, Guadalajara, 12-24 July (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS]; 2 2 2, 8
mi. S Guadalajara, Sept. 1954 (FXW) [CAS]. GUERRERO: 1 2,

HOWARD E. EVANS 293

Rincon, 2800 feet, Oct. (HHS) [BMNH]; 1 ¢&, Tierra Colorado,
2000 feet, Oct. (HHS) [BMNH]; 1 6, Acapulco, 1 July 1951 (HEE)
[MCZ]. Moreros: 1 ¢, 1 6, Tetecala, 25 Mch. 1959 (HEE)
[MCZ]; 1 ¢, 3 6 6, Lake Tequesquitengo, 1 April 1959 (HEE)
[MCZ]; 3 6 8, Puente de Ixtla, 2000 feet, 31 July 1962 (HEE)
[MCZ]; 1 4, Progreso, 28 May 1961 (FPM) [ENAC]; 16 4 4, Las
Estacas, 3000 feet, 6 April 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; 6 22, 25 83,
Alpuyeca & vic., Mch.-July (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS, CU]; 7 2 2,
22 8 6, Cuernavaca & vic., 4500-5500 feet, Apr.-June 1959 (HEE)
[MCZ, CU]. Pursia: 1 2, 3 mi. NW Petlalcingo, 3 Apr. 1962
(FDP) [UCD]. VERACRUZ: 47 2 2, 29 6 6, Minatitlan, 26 Aug.-
1 Sept. 1961 (RRD) [MSU];3 2 2°, Acayucan, 23 Oct. 1957 (RRD)
[MSU]; 1 2°, San Andres Tuxtla, 25 Oct. 1957 (RRD) [MSU]; 2
2 2, Veracruz, 1 Nov. 1957 (RRD) [MSU]; 1 ¢, Coscomatepec,
27 Apr. 1962 (LS) [UCD]; 3 ¢ é, Atoyac, April (HHS) [BMNH]:
1 ¢@, La Gloria Cardel, Jan. 1938 (J. Camelo) [USNM]; 2 2° 2,
Fortin de las Flores, Sept. 1954 (FXW) [CAS]; 1 4, Boca del Rio,
23 June 1961 [KU]; 1 ¢, Tinajas, 18 Aug. 1963 (FDP) [UCD].
TABASCO: 1 6, 7 km. SW Frontera, 10 Aug. 1962 (RFS) [CIS].
Oaxaca: 1 2, Tehuantepec, 8 July 1933 [KU]; 1 ¢, Palomares.
5 Sept. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]. Yucatan: 1 ¢, Merida, 25 July 1962
(HEE) [MCZ]. Curapas: 1 ¢, 9 km. E Pichuacalco, Aug. 1962
(PDH) [CIS]; 1 ¢, Ixtapa, 11 Apr. 1962 (LS) [UCD]; 1 ¢@, 13 mi.
E Comitan, 3 Aug. 1952 (EG) [CIS]; 1 6, 9 mi. SE Buena Vista,
23 Mch. 1953 (RCB & EIS) [CIS]; 1 ¢, 1 ¢, Suchiapa, Mch., July
[CIS]; 1 6, 4 mi. SE Soyalo, 15 Mch. 1953 (RCB & EIS) [CIS].
GUATEMALA: 1 ¢, Variedades, 500 feet, 29 Aug. 1947 (C. & P.
Vaurie) [AMNH]; 1 ¢, Chiquimula, 1000 feet, 21 July 1947 (C. &
P. Vaurie) [AMNH]; 1 2°, Guatemala City (GCC) [BMNH]; 3 2 2,
Sta. Emilia, Pochuta, 1000 meters, Feb. 1931 (JB) [MCZ]; 2 2 °,
El Salto, Escuintla, 28 June 1934 (FXW) [MCZ]; 1 ¢@, Olas de
Moka, Dept. Solola, Sept. [MCZ]; 1 4, Los Animales [MCZ]; 1 ¢,
Jicaro, May 1931 (JB) [MCZ]. Ex SaLvapor: 1 ¢, Santa Cruz
Porcillo, 21 Dec. 1953 [USNM]; 1 2, 2 4 6, Quezaltepeque, June-
July 1961 (M. Irwin) [UCD]. Honpuras: 2 2 2, La Ceiba, 25
Aug. 1916 (F. J. Dyer) [USNM]; 1 2, Puerto Castillo, July 1945
[OSU]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢, Coto, 1 June 1958 (J. O. Harrison)
[Coll. Harrison]; 1 ¢, Golfito, Puntarenas, 1948 (P. & D. Allen)

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

294 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

[MCZ]; 2 2 2, Palmar [USNM]; 4 2 ?, 1 ¢, Turrialba, June-July
(KWC) [USNM]; 1 2,3 é 8, 6 mi. W San Ramon, Alajuela Prov.,
28 Feb. 1964 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 2, 2 ¢ 6, Bebedero, Guanacaste
Proy., 26 Feb. 1964 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Santa Ana, 24 Feb. 1964
(HEE) [MCZ]; 1 3, Liberia to Pefas Blancas, 7 Sept. 1963 (CCP)
[MCZ]. PANAMA: | 4, Barro Colorado Isl., Canal Zone, 16 June
1956 (CWR) [KU]; 2 ¢ 2, 1 3, Bella Vista, Aug. 1924 (NB)
[MCZ]; 1 ?, Balboa, 21 Aug. 1914 (T. Hallinan) [MCZ]; 1 °¢,
Bugaba (GCC) [BMNH].

Variation. — The females show much variation in the amount of
rufous coloration on the abdomen. This variation shows no close
correlation with geography, but certain trends can be noted. Most
females from California and from western Mexico (e.g., Sinaloa,
Jalisco) have the rufous confined to the first three tergites, extending
barely if at all to the sternites. More commonly, throughout much
of the range, the coloration extends to the sternites. I have seen
specimens in which the rufous coloration extends over most of the
first four tergites from Puerto Rico, Hispaniola (type of coruscus),
the Lesser Antilles, and Panama, while a single specimen from Mer-
ida, Yucatan, has the first five tergites rufous as well as much of the
venter. In general, females with more rufous on the abdomen tend
to have more silvery pubescence. None of this variation is of such a
nature that the females can be considered polymorphic or constituting
more than a single subspecies.

On the other hand, the males appear to be polymorphic with re-
spect to coloration and the extent of erect hair on the abdomen. The
following four forms can be distinguished.

Form RS (= subargenteus): abdomen in part rufous, venter
essentially smooth (i.e., the hairs are sparse and relatively short).
Throughout the range except partially replaced by other forms as de-
scribed below.

Form RH (= puella, varunus): abdomen in part rufous, venter
with conspicuous brushes of hair. All males I have seen from the
West Indies (except Cuba) and the four males seen from South
America are of this form; 7° also, one of two males from Panama and
one of ten from Costa Rica are of this form, also several from the

20 The type of varunus, from British Guiana, two males from Surinam, and a
male from Sevilla, Magdalena, Colombia, 15 July 1927 (G. Salt) [MCZ].

HOWARD E. EVANS 295

Map 52

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) americanus ambiguus (Dahib.)
@ Males of form RS (subargenteus Cresson)
HE Males of form RH (puella Banks)
A Males of form BH
O Localities where ## but no dd have been taken
(This subsp. also occurs in so. U.S., West Indies,
and no. S. America)

coast of Texas (Galveston, Port Isabel).

Form BS (= albomarginatus): abdomen black, venter without
brushes of hairs. This form is typical of americanus americanus and
ranges into Texas, but is not known from Mexico, Central America,
or the West Indies.

Form BH: abdomen black, venter with brushes of hairs. I have
seen males of this form from Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Morelos, Vera-
cruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Costa Rica (see map 52).

I have seen no specimens from south of the United States which
are clearly intermediate between these forms, although one male from
Pass Christian, Texas, appears intermediate between RH and RS, and
some males from eastern U. S. are intermediate between RS and BS.
In several Morelos localities I have taken males of two forms flying
together. For example, of 22 males which I took at or near Cuer-
navaca, 4 were BH and 18 RS; of 16 males taken at Las Estacas, all
within one hour along the same irrigation ditch, 2 were BH and 14
RS; of 25 males taken at or near Alpuyeca, 9 were BH and 16 RS.
In no case were any intermediates taken. I have studied the genitalia
of all four forms carefully and have concluded that all constitute a

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

296 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

single species. However, the genitalia are definitely dimorphic, the
parameres of the hirsute males (RH and BH) being very much more
hairy on the ventral side than those of the smooth forms (RS and BS);
also, the setae on the digiti show a much greater tendency to be capi-
tate in the hirsute forms.

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) apiculatus apiculatus (Smith)

Pompilus apiculatus Smith, 1855, Catal. Hymen. Brit. Mus., III, p. 157 [Type:
9, Mexico: VERACRUZ (BMNH, no. 19, 642)].—Cresson, 1867,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 103.— Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-
Amer., Hymen. II, p. 205 (Sinaloa, Guatemala).

Pompilus coruscus Smith, 1879, Descr. N. Sp. Hymen. Brit. Mus., p. 155 [Type:
9, GUATEMALA: Chinantla, 4100 feet (BMNH, no. 19, 565)]. Pre-
occupied by Smith, 1855; synonymy by Cameron, 1893.

Anoplius (Pompilinus) apiculatus Viereck, 1906, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 32:
223, 232 (Texas, Arizona).

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) apiculatus apiculatus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 76: 259-262 (Panama to Texas & Calif.).

Arachnophroctonus apiculatus hondurensis Dreisbach, 1954, Amer. Midl. Nat.,
52: 439 [Type: ¢, Honpuras: Puerto Castilla, 24 March 1924 (JB)
(MCZ, no. 29, 318)]. New synonym.

Female. — Length 7-14 mm. Head and thorax black, abdomen wholly
orange-brown except extreme base of first segment black, apical segment and
sometimes part of penultimate segment usually more or less infuscated; wings
hyaline or lightly infuscated, outer margin of fore wing and apex of hind wing
broadly infuscated. Almost the entire body clothed with a heavy silvery or
somewhat glaucous pubescence, absent from parts of thoracic dorsum but form-
ing a heavy band along the posterior pronotal margin (but Baja California
specimens have the silvery pubescence largely replaced by dark). Head and
prothorax with rather numerous erect setae, but propodeum without hairs or
with only a few fine, pale hairs. Head rather broad, measuring 1.15-1.25 X as
wide as high, vertex passing straight across between eye tops. Clypeus broad,
nearly or quite 3 X as wide as high, truncate below. Front rather broad, MID
.53-.58 X TFD:; UID .83-.90 X LID; front with a linear median impression.
POL:OOL = 7:6; third antennal segment = .62-.82 X UID. Posterior pronotal
margin subarcuate to subangulate. Propodeum with the median line distinctly
impressed. Mesosternum produced backward on each side of the midline in
the form of short, angular lobes. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, the
spines rather flat, measuring (unless badly worn) from 2-2.5 X as long as the
width of the basitarsus. SMC3 rendered triangular or subtriangular by the
strong arcuation of the third intercubital vein, occasionally short-petiolate.

Male. — Length 5-9.5 mm. Head and thorax black, abdomen orange-
brown except extreme base of first segment black, apical three or four segments

HOWARD E. EVANS 297

also infuscated; wings hyaline, with a brownish outer marginal band. Body
mostly covered with a heavy whitish or somewhat glaucous pubescence, absent
from parts of the thoracic dorsum, forming a heavy band on the posterior mar-
gin of the pronotum and bands on the posterior margins of the abdominal ter-
gites, the apical tergites densely silvery-pubescent. Propodeum without erect
hairs; abdominal venter smooth, with only a few short, suberect setae on the
apical segments. Clypeus 2.2-2.6 X as wide as high. Front of moderate
breadth, MID .58-.64 X TFD; UID slightly exceeding LID; POL subequal to
or slightly exceeding OOL. Antennae with segment three distinctly shorter
than four, measuring from 1.8 to 2.3 X as long as thick. Last segment of front
tarsus weakly produced on inner margin. Venation as in female. SGP broadly
rounded apically, only rather weakly, roundly elevated medially. Genitalia
with parameres slender, acuminate, moderately setose; digiti spindle-shaped,
all but apical fifth clothed with downward-directed setae which are angled at
their apices (see fig. 82 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — This species and its various subspecies range from
Panama to California, Kansas, Ontario, and Maine. It is not recorded
from the West Indies, but there is a male in the MCZ collected on
Stranger Cay, Bahamas, by Allen, Barbour, and Bryant in 1904; pre-
sumably this specimen is assignable to subspecies pretiosus, which is
common on the east coast of Florida. Typical apiculatus occurs
throughout Central America and Mexico at moderate to low eleva-
tions, where it inhabits sea beaches and sandy stream-sides; it is also
known from Texas, Arizona, and southern California. For U. S.
records of this and the other subspecies, see Evans, 1951. (Map 53.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 114 2 2,
93 6 6. BAJA CALIFORNIA: 3 2 2, Angeles Bay, 26-27 June [CAS];
1 6, La Paz, 3 Jan. [CAS]; 1 ¢, 1 mi. SE Todos Santos, 25 Dec.
1958 (HBL) [CAS]; 1 2, 11 mi. S Santa Rosalia, 6 July 1957 (D.
Spencer) [CIS]; 1 2@, Cabo San Lucas, 16 March 1953 (P. H. Ar-
naud) [CAS]. Sonora: 4 2 ¢, Aduana, 15 Mch. 1962 (FDP)
[UCD]; 1 ¢, 10 mi. S Alamos, 13 June 1961 (FDP) [UCD]; 1 2,
1 4, Cocorit, 11 June 1961 (FDP) [UCD]. Srnatoa: 4 2 2,1 4,
Mazatlan, July-Oct. [MCZ, CAS, BMNH]; 8 ¢ ¢, 8 mi. SE Elota,
19 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]; 3 ¢ 6, Chupaderos, 15 May 1962
(FDP, LS) [UCD]. Nayarir: 11 ¢ 2, 22 ¢ 6, San Blas, Mch.,
July (HEE, ED. IS) EDR) [MCZ CIs: UCD]: ie, 2 636, 13
mi. SW Tepic, 23 Mch. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. GuERRERO: 13 2 2,
1 8, Acapulco, 1 July 1951 (PDH, HEE) [CIS, MCZ]; 4 2 ¢@, 2

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

298 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

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(also occurs in southern U.S.) ‘e ve 5
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é 6, Xalitla, 1500 feet, 20 March 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 ¢,
16 km. E Chilpancingo, 4700 feet, 30 July 1962 (HEE) [MCZ];
2 2? 2, Canyon Zopilote, 2000 feet, 30 July 1962 (HEE) [MCZ].
MoreELos: 1 ?, Lake Tequesquitengo, 1 April 1959 (HEE) [CU];
1 ¢, Tetecala, 3000 feet, 25 March 1959 (HEE) [CU]; 9 ¢ 2, 15
é 6,3 mi. N Alpuyeca, Mch.-May 1959, 3400 feet (HEE) [MCZ,
CU]; 1 ¢,5 848, S End Cuernavaca, Mch.-May 1959, 4500 feet
(HEE) [CU, MCZ]. PuesBLa: 1 2°, 3 mi. NW Petlalcingo, 3 Apr.
1962 (FDP) [UCD]. VeERAcRuz: 1 ¢, 2 ¢ 6, Tecolutla, 19 June
1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 8 °°, 4 64, Veracruz, June-Aug. [MCZ,
CU, MSU, CIS, BMNH]; 1 2, 4 mi. W Puerto Mexico, 18 Apr.
1953 (RCB, EIS) [CIS]. Oaxaca: 1 6, El Camaron, 24 Apr. 1962
(FDP) [UCD]. YucaTAaN: 7 2° 2, 9 8 3, Progreso, 17-23 July
1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. QuINTANA Roo: 2 2 2, Puerto Juarez, 21
July 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. Curapas: 2 2 2,1 8, 7 mi. SE Soyalo,
27 Mch. 1953 (RCB & EIS) [CIS]; 1 @, 1 ¢, 5 mi. S San Carlos,
6 Mch. 1953 (RCB & EIS) [CIS]; 1 2, Ixtapa, 11 Apr. 1962 (FDP)
[UCD]. GUATEMALA: 1 2, Chinautla, 4000 feet [BMNH]; 1 2°,
Champerico (GCC) [BMNH]; 1 ¢, 1 6, Lake Atitlan, 19 Aug.

HOWARD E. EVANS 299

1951 (RHP) [MCZ]; 3 ¢ 6, Concepcion [USNM]; 18 ° 2,6 ¢¢,
El Rancho, Feb. [USNM]; 2 ° °, Guatemala City, Feb. [USNM].
HonpurRas: 4 2 2,3 6 6, Puerto Castilla, 16-24 March 1924 (JB)
[MCZ]; 1 ¢, Tela, Mch. [USNM]. Nicaracua: 1 ¢?, San Jorge,
11 Jan. 1938 [AMNH]. PANAMA: 1 ¢, Alhajuela, Mch. [USNM].

Variation. — There is little variation worthy of discussion in this
form. The distribution and density of pale pubescence shows con-
siderable variation in both sexes, but especially in the females. As
noted above, females from Baja California usually have the pubes-
cence mostly dark, in this respect bearing much resemblance to the
eastern U. S. subspecies pretiosus.

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) semirufus (Cresson)

Pompilus semirufus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 100 [Type: 2,
GeEoraia (ANSP, no. 423) ].

Pompilus divisus Cresson, 1867, ibid., p. 100 [Type: 2, GEorGIA (ANSP, no.
424)]. Synonym by Evans, 1951.

Arachnophila divisa Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 86.

Arachnodaicter divisus Pate, 1946, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 72: 74.

Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) semirufus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
76: 264-267. —Evans, 1964, Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc., 37: 306
(biology).

Arachnophroctonus apiculatus pretiosus Dreisbach, 1954, Amer. Midl. Nat.,
52: 440, 442 (4, misidentification).

Female. — Length 7-13 mm. Head and thorax black; abdomen encircled
with light orange-brown-on at least the basal two segments, more often the
basal three, sometimes the entire abdomen of this color except the tip in-
fuscated; wings highly infuscated, darker along the outer margins. Pubescence
pale, more or less silvery over most of the body. Body with relatively little
erect hair in many specimens, none at all on the femora, propodeum, or ab-
dominal dorsum except for the apical tergite; in other specimens there is an
abundance of long, black hair on the femora, sometimes even the tibiae and
tarsi, also on the entire abdomen and often the propodeum. Clypeus about
3 X as wide as high, truncate below. Front broad, MID .60-.67 X TFD; UID
.70-.82 X LID; third antennal segment equal to from .70 to .85 X UID; POL
and OOL usually nearly equal. Posterior margin of pronotum subangulate or
subarcuate. Propodeum with the median line distinctly impressed. Mesoster-
num produced backward cn each side of the median line in the form of a pair
of spiniform processes. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, the spines
from 1.5 to 3 X as long as the width of the tarsus at their bases. SMC3 tri-
angular or nearly so, sometimes short-petiolate, the third intercubital vein

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

300 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

strongly arched.

Male. — Length 5-9 mm. Black, posterior margin of pronotum sometimes
with a pale stripe, basal abdominal segments encircled with light orange-brown;
wings hyaline or nearly so, outer margins with a darker band. Body exten-
sively covered with silvery pubescence, which tends to form narrow bands at
the apices of the abdominal tergites, especially conspicuous on tergites 4-6,
which are otherwise mostly dark-pubescent. Propodeum not at all hairy; venter
with only some short, inconspicuous setae toward the apex. Clypeus 2.5 K
as wide as high. MID .60-.66 X TFD; UID subequal to or slightly less than
LID; OOL usually slightly exceeding POL. Antennae slender, segment three
2.4-3.0 X as long as thick, about as long as four. Posterior margin of pronotum
broadly angulate. Median line of propodeum impressed. Last segment of
front tarsus rather strongly produced on the inner margin. SMC3 subtriangu-
lar, triangular, or petiolate. SGP with the disc weakly, roundly elevated medi-
ally, bearing short, suberect setae, the apex tapering to a subacute or very nar-
rowly rounded tip. Genitalia very similar to those of the preceding species,
but the parameres relatively somewhat long and more strongly setose (see fig.
120 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — In the United States this species ranges from
Florida and Texas to Montana, Ontario, and New Brunswick (for
marginal records, see Evans, 1951). It has not previously been re-
corded from Mexico and Central America, and in fact is now known
only from Morelos and from one specimen from Guatemala. (Map
47.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined: 13 2 2, 16
66. MoreLtos: 11 22, 9 66, S end Cuernavaca, Mch.-May
1959, 4500 feet (HEE) [MCZ, CU]; 1 ¢, Cuautla, 5 July 1961
(FPM) [ENAC]; 1 2°, 2 4 6, Puente de Ixtla, 2000 feet, 31 July
1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 4 ¢ 6, Tetecala, 3000 feet, Mch., Aug. (HEE)
[MCZ, CU]. GUATEMALA: 1 2, Guatemala City (GCC) [BMNH].

Variation. — All the Mexican and Guatemalan females have a
certain amount of dark erect hair on the femora and abdominal dor-
sum, but none on the propodeum. All of them have the abdomen
entirely bright orange-brown except for the apical segment, which is
variably infuscated. All the males have a strong pale stripe on the
posterior margin of the pronotum. In the U. S. specimens I have
seen, the apical 2 or to 4 segments of the female abdomen are en-
tirely black and the male has at most an indistinct pale band on the
pronotum. Thus the Morelos and Guatemalan population would
seem as worthy of subspecific rank as the subspecies of apiculatus

HOWARD E. EVANS 301

now recognized. However, it is possible that when semirufus has
been more widely collected in Mexico these color differences will be
found to vary clinally. Furthermore, the fact that some species have
conventionally been split into weak subspecies does not justify this
practice for all species.

Subgenus POMPILINUS Ashmead

Pompilinus Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 85 [Type species: Pompilus
cylindricus Cresson, monobasic]. — Dreisbach, 1949, Ent. Amer.,
(n.s.) 29: 1-58 (males of U. S. spp.). — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 76: 277-325 (U. S. spp.). — Evans, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc.
Amer., 49: 173-177 (Mexican spp.).

Anopliella Banks, 1939, Canad. Ent., 71: 225, 227 [Type species: Pompilus
tenebrosus Cresson, original designation]. Synonym by Dreisbach,
1950.

Subgeneric characters. — Wholly black or with the abdomen marked with
rufous, males only very rarely with a pale stripe on the pronotum; wings of
males subhyaline or lightly infuscated, those of females variably infuscated,
both sexes with a darker marginal band; body usually without abundant erect
hairs, the propodeum hairy in only a few species; male venter without brushes
of long hairs, in a few species with mats of short hair on some of the sternites.
Clypeus emarginate in only one known species, usually truncate. Female with
a tarsal comb, the spines typically very short, not longer than the width of the
tarsus, but in a few species they are longer. Last segment of front tarsus of
male strongly asymmetrical, the segment widest about half-way from base to
apex. Propodeum of male nearly flat in front, distinctly more declivous on the
posterior third. Transverse median vein of fore wing meeting the media almost
always distinctly beyond the origin of the basal vein; marginal cell short, much
more than its own length from the wing tip; SMC3 triangular, usually petiolate,
almost always petiolate in the males. Male abdomen slender, cylindrical.
Genitalia with the parameres usually broader apically than near the base, but
in a few species slender throughout; basal hooklets strong, single.

Distribution. — This subgenus is highly characteristic of the Ne-
arctic region, where there are nearly 20 species, some of them among
our commonest Pompilidae. It also occurs in the Palaearctic and
Ethiopian regions, where it is represented especially by fuscus L. and
its subspecies. Banks (1947) assigned four South American species
to this subgenus, but one (orthodes) belongs to Arachnophroctonus,
and the others are possibly better placed there also. The Mexican
and Central American species of this subgenus are all species occur-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

302 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

ring in the United States or close derivatives thereof. The two known
West Indian species are also closely related to U. S. species; these two
species are included in the key below and one of them is described
herein.

Remarks. — As I discussed in 1951, this is a decidedly weak sub-
genus, representing little more than one or (more probably) several
lineages of Arachnophroctonus which have become smaller in size
and undergone similar reductions in the tarsal comb and modifica-
tion in wing venation. Workers in North America find the subgenus
convenient to use, and pending a full-scale reclassification of the
Pompilidae I shall continue to use it.

Key to Species Occurring in Mexico, Central America,
and the West Indies

Females
1) Body entirely, black ‘or blue=black iiicreccessesccceneesse-ceresseesteneeetceseeeeeeeeeeee 2
Abdomen in part rufous, orange-brown, or yellowish-brown ................ 9

2. Front basitarsus with three or (more commonly) four comb-spines, the
spines distinctly longer than the width of the tarsus at their base; head
wide (TFD 1.15-1.20 X VFD), the vertex passing nearly straight across

betwee the Syei tOpPsy sc: coisscsveescnocwen <esucemeovorstecsoontecuseseeteeeeme sere a rece eae 3
Front basitarsus with three small comb-spines, the spines not longer than
the width of the tarsus at their base ............cccsccccssscccsssccesssccesnceeeceees 4

3. Third antennal segment shorter than one and two together, measuring .45-
.65 X UID; size small (5.5-10 mm.); clypeus 2.7-3.0 K as wide as high

SE CER SEOR PAGE RRS Sc Oee COUR a SSC Ce eae eTaa NEE ESeG eer poems accue coc onuncdraatsecctoce litoreus Evans
Third antennal segment longer than one and two together, measuring .65-
.80 X UID; larger (8-12.5 mm); clypeus 2.5-2.8 XK as wide as high ....

stvgiiuclw apts sabe cals euec cette nec eattoal dea ge uae Law guvecon sdcuceuuteacemapenes aamec tena californiae Evans

4. Third antennal segment generally slightly shorter than one and two to-
gether, measuring at most .75 X UID; vertex forming a weak to fairly
strong arc between tops of eyes; small species (5-11 mm.) .............. 5
Third antennal segment generally slightly longer than one and two to-
gether, measuring at least .68 and usually more than .75 X UID; ver-

tex passing straight across between eye tops or very weakly arched;
largerispecies) (S:8-U/4 mame) cievecsssseccoscesssesceessvaoscncensccseemocnssecossecucecsseneent 7

5. Posterior margin of pronotum arcuate or very indistinctly angulate; ver-
tex arched rather strongly above the eye tops .... subcylindricus (Banks)
Posterior margin of pronotum forming a sharp angle on the midline; ver-
tex more weakly arched above the eye tOps .............::::ceeeesenceceeeesnreeeeess 6

HOWARD E. EVANS 303

6. Propodeum with a few erect setae on each side; third antennal segment
SOOO) OXI DSc sectkesuacosueseaccasecocono NISC Scere cE Es ERE era ER EoRe estellina (Banks)
Propodeum not at all hairy; third antennal segment .68-.75 X UID ........

She ea Sao e SORE SURE OCSERCE ETE Ce ES CE SNCUSRCCEC eee cee e rere ne eecr een texanus (Dreisbach)

7. Body rendered a rich, dark blue by the pubescence; propodeum with some
fairly long setae on each side; POL and OOL subequal .....................005

Be raat arta ace coun ree eaee Sack aeertiaas RUMP aGMcdeieeesseteeceestaes leona (Cameron)
Body much less intensely bluish, generally rather dull; propodeum not
hairy or with some short, fine hairs on the sides; POL generally ex-

EEG Nine OXON sreagadenoncteceecssovovecec cube btdkc Ghe auD CRS RCRReE Cone ccrc een eee eea eae 8

8. Front rather broad, MID .56-.61 X TFD (averaging about .58); pos-
terior margin of pronotum rather indistinctly angulate at the midline
pbs deSbadbadcGecbad-aetand red casaNacedns secLodonecoaaSareRoenaRERecaRna aa er EEE ENG insolens (Banks)

Front rather narrow, MID .53-.57 X TFD (averaging about .55); pos-
terior margin of pronotum rather sharply angulate at the midline ........
Fd Re erate ret eerie ta Mets ee a nissan Pte sea Gena eamRE CR RRHONRIEBIR clystera (Banks)

9. Front basitarsus with three or four comb-spines, the spines distinctly
longer than the width of the tarsus at their base; propodeum almost
always with a considerable amount of erect hair; clypeus truncate api-
(ERIN. eactSacoatnonoseocseeeaadedccauseacasorenaaence Lacan icaeia aeapeaarnice cylindricus (Cresson)

Front basitarsus with three small comb-spines, the spines not longer than
the width of the tarsus at their base; propodeum not hairy, or if so the
@DOSUS 1S CUDA ocooosscooscobaccenadeosnocone5so5ceendbeDBaEBboHsbaDEEoaoouoDGBSoo000 10

10. Clypeus distinctly emarginate; propodeum somewhat hairy ...............--.:++++
OURS SCEE Son aG arose Barc oae cee Regu At ance RebncREcn beet odazentnec nena nane fraternus (Banks)
Clypeus not emarginate; propodeum not hairy ............::ccceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeee 11

11. Only two (rarely one) basal abdominal tergites rufous or orange-brown;
propodeum, in profile, rather long and with the slope low, the declivity

weak (Continental North America) .................. splendens (Dreisbach)

Four to six abdominal segments colored; propodeum, in profile, shorter,
more convex, and more steeply declivous behind (West Indies) ...... 2

12. Third antennal segment shorter than first two together and equal to .70
X UID; pronotum with a ferruginous band behind, scutellum and post-
scutellum also suffused with ferruginous in the middle .....................00+
ae eno at sR ee care Pe aroe san aaies Sos R AE ewe sun eae scintillatus Krombein 71

Third antennal segment at least as long as one and two together, equal to

at least .78 X UID; thorax wholly black .................... hispaniolae n. sp.

21 Described from two females from South Bimini Island in the Bahamas by
Krombein, 1953, Amer. Mus. Novitates no. 1633, pp. 12-13. This species is not
treated further here.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

304

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Males 7?

Parameres of genitalia slender throughout; digiti acute apically ............ 2
Parameres slightly to rather broadly expanded on the apical half .......... 3
Digiti strongly bent mesad apically, the setae slightly longer on the outer
angles; propodeum with a few dark setae in most specimens ................
ERE SERCO ene DEED R EC HERE CDOSa STE CREE cEnScySBURER Bor ancanseodcoccb Lene leona (Cameron)
Inner margins of digiti nearly straight, the upper, outer side with some
extremely long setae which are sinuous at their apices; propodeum not
(OVP BL ENS) NVa CIDA saeesenbecoauseesece socccoocunoonbodeupioaonboobbecd subcylindricus (Banks)
Abdominal sternite four with a dense brush of moderately long setae;
SG Riumuswalllyaslencdeimeeseeseecee tee ce eee eee texanus (Dreisbach)
Abdominal venter smooth, with at most some scattered setae ................ 4
Parameres broad to the apex, which is more or less truncate; SGP not
much elevated medially, tapering to an obtusely angulate apex ............
BREE CESSES EERE R ESE e ne SOFIE: HcBobSGadHie BUsboSOL Gato ode pchocosdscdoucuotooten insolens (Banks)
Parameres tapering to an acute or subacute apex ...............::sesceceeceeeeeeee 5
SGP unusually slender, narrowly rounded apically; parameres nearly
straight, fairly broad throughout, with some hyaline parts on the inner
margin and apically; abdomen always marked with rufous ...................-
alien De eeuliteciieele apd Seal cet eet ee creat ata ae rte a ee EE fraternus (Banks)
SGP broader, more broadly rounded or somewhat angulate apically;
parameres not of this form; black or marked with rufous .................. 6
Parameres with a moderately wide basal stalk, the squama not forming a
strong projection from the stalk; digiti acute apically toward the median
line; SGP rounded apically, then with a small median projection ...... 7
Parameres with a basal stalk which is much more slender than the apical
part and from which a very strong squama projects; digiti rounded or
rather abruptly truncate apically, sometimes with a small acute portion
on the mesal margin; SGP tapering gradually to an angulate apex .... 11
Digiti elongate-fusiform, the hairs on the outer side toward the apex only
slightly longer than those on the disc; parameres rather weakly curved
mesadmapicalllivareere meets etees seers eee seer ee eee ee nesses ee cones ee sent see eee
Digiti with setae on the outer margin near the apex which are very much
longer than those on the disc; parameres rather strongly curved mesad
sbaunacso Soutunis causa vabacths va Vumsiaieh bnadlqieale ove steceee me gumniead oaseeeeet haa Weeuena snus Gus seeanenntse 10
SGP very broad, the side-pieces broadly unpigmented; base of digitus
giving rise to a small group of setae which are at least about half as
Lome: as) the dicitus 7 eece ce vesteeerecee eee eres neers estellina (Banks)

22 Males of this subgenus are all much alike superficially, and identification is

possible only upon examination of the genitalia and SGP. In my key in 1951 (pp.
281-284) I used some external characters and also provided figures of the subgenital
plate and genitalia of all the species occurring in the United States. The following

key,

based almost entirely upon the terminalia, is best used in conjunction with my

1951 paper.

HOWARD E. EVANS 305

SGP less broad and much less broadly unpigmented on the sides; base of

digitus with the setae shorter than above ...............ceeceeesseeeeeeceeeeeseeeenes 9
9. Propodeum at most rather weakly hairy; digiti much shorter than para-
meres; aedoeagus narrowly expanded apically ................ litoreus Evans

Propodeum with strong hairs in most specimens; digiti very large, nearly

as long as parameres; aedoeagus broadly expanded on apical half ........

TR ca ee NR rity SUING Aes Mia duende siowte tu meanaRictbaicctcwse ta diea californiae Evans

10. Parameres widest near their middle; digiti slender, densely clothed with
setae which are angled at their apices; wholly black .... clystera (Banks)
Parameres widest on the outer third; digiti wider and less densely clothed
with angulate setae; abdomen often in part rufOUs ..............0::cceeeeeeee

SOS SEALE TEOREI EL ROR TER DACEPEE EE CROCE SECEDE OES MCS splendens (Dreisbach)

11. Digiti more or less truncate apically (continental U. S. and Mexico) ......
Pa CECEEE ETE EERE COO SHOEDOTODOR RE SOT POCO ERC Ce RE Cn eee eee cylindricus (Cresson)

Digiti evenly rounded apically (West Indies) ................ hispaniolae n. sp.

Anoplius (Pompilinus) leona (Cameron) new combination

Pompilus leona Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 198, pl. XI,
fig. 20 [Type: 2, MExico: GUERRERO: Xucumanatlan, July, 7000
feet (HHS) (BMNH, no. 19, 684)].

Pompilus leonus Dalla Torre, 1897, Catal. Hymen., VIII, p. 298.

Anoplius (Pompilinus) grandiflexionis Evans, 1950, Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc.,
23: 84-85 [Type: ¢, Texas: Fort Davis, 26 July 1946 (HEE)
(USNM, no. 59, 474) ]. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76:
284-286. — Evans, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 49: 173-177 (Dur-
ango, Zacatecas). New synonym.

Although there are some slight differences between specimens
from the extremities of the range of this species, as discussed further
below, there is little question that the above synonymy is correct.
The type of leona is a female, not a male as stated by Cameron.
This specimen agrees well in most details with Cameron’s descrip-
tion, and there is little question that it is actually the true type.
Cameron’s remark that the sides of the propodeum project “as blunt
teeth” is presumably an error of observation or recording.

Description of type female. — Length 9 mm.; fore wing 8 mm. Color
black, body clothed with a rich, dark blue pubescence; wings wholly infus-
cated, strongly violaceous. Erect setae numerous on clypeus and front; front
coxae with strong setae; pronotum with a few weak setae; propodeum with
several fairly long setae on each side. Clypeus 2.4 X as broad as high, trun-
cate below. Head 1.12 X as wide as high; front narrow, MID .55 X TFD,
1.15 X LID, .75 X eye height; UID .90 X LID. POL:OOL=1:1. First four

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

306 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

antennal segments in a ratio of about 13:3:17:14, segment three about 4 K
as long as thick, .80 X UID. Vertex passing straight across a very short dis-
tance above the eye tops. Posterior margin of pronotum broadly, weakly an-
gulate. Propodeum with a weak median impression; slope rather even from
front to rear, the central part of the declivity rather flat. Front basitarsus with
three comb-spines, the spines about as long as the width of the tarsus at their
bases. Fore wing with the transverse median vein reaching the median vein
considerably beyond the basal; marginal cell removed from wing tip by 1.3 X
its own length; SMC3 short-petiolate.

Male. — Length 6-11.5 mm. Black; posterior margin of pronotum rarely
with a pale stripe; pubescence silvery on much of the head, thoracic pleura,
leg-bases, and propodeum at least behind, elsewhere rather strongly reflecting
bluish. Front with considerable dark, erect hair; pronotum and propodeum
with a few dark setae in most specimens; venter with only a very few rather
inconspicuous setae, sternites four and five typically with the pubescence a
little longer and more erect than elsewhere, forming very indistinct mats. Cly-
peus 2.2-2.5 X as broad as high. Front fairly broad, MID .60-.70 X TFD;
UID 1.0-1.12 X LID; POL subequal to or slightly less than OOL. Third an-
tennal segment 2.5-3.2 X as long as wide, about as long as four. Pronotum
subangulate behind. SGP of moderate breadth, the apex broadly rounded, the
median line barely elevated. Genitalia with the parameres slender, slightly
curved; digitus somewhat triangular, acute apically, clothed with setae which
are longest at the outer angles; base of digitus with several very long setae;
aedoeagus moderately broad, weakly bilobed apically, embraced by slender
parapenial lobes (see fig. 87 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — Arizona and western Texas to El Salvador,
throughout the range apparently occurring in open country at mod-
erate to fairly high elevations. In addition to the New Mexico and
west Texas localities cited in 1951, I have taken the species in s2ries
at the Southwestern Research Station, Portal, Arizona, at about 5400
feet elevation. (Map 54.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 14 2 2,
21 66. DuRANGOo: 1 2, 5 mi. E Coyotes, 4 Aug. 1951 (HEE)
[MCZ]; 5 6 6, El Salto, 3 Aug. 1951 (HEE, PDH) [CU, MCZ,
CIS]. ZAcATECAS: 9 6 6, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31 July 1951
(HEE, PDH) [CU, MCZ, CIS]. MicHoacan: 1 ¢?, 60 mi. E Zam-
ora, 24 June 1957 (Chemsak & Rannells) [CIS]. MoreELos: 7 2 2,
3 6 8, 3-4 mi. NW Cuernavaca, May, June 1959, 6500-7500 feet
(HEE) [MCZ, CU]. Guerrero: 1 2, Xucumanatlan, 7000 feet,
July (HHS) [BMNH]. Curapas: 1 ¢, Nachic, 8000 feet, 27 April
1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; 4 ¢ ¢, 20 mi. W San Cristobal las Casas, May,

HOWARD E. EVANS 307

A =~ cS! | oo ! S v
ee ee OY ee
i | eg, ae eo
. u | | (Eos Seen J
i. me i | Sal f i ' \ *
~ rs
T \. \ / |
) \ See ee crate e am
\\ Q ( %e- ~ A \ 5
a N
\ \ ,
= \ dX
ae SS Sa) San
aT NS ; a’ YX
@ @ Vs Ay x ?
MN Ra = 3 -
yb — ao
1 ES) 2
= a ,
Nee | =
e Aiea ale SS
ee a)
e@ >) !
$ ra
5 po
con x
J
:
Map 54 Y 2 A Sats

@ Anoplius (Pompilinus) leona (Cameron)
A Anoplius (Pompilinus) texanus (Dreisbach)

Aug. 5600-6000 feet (HEE, HAS) [MCZ, OSU]; 2 ¢ ¢, 8-35 mi.
E San Cristobal las Casas, July, Aug. (Chemsak & Rannells) [CIS].
Ex SALvADor: | ¢, Cerro Verde, 6800 feet, 5 July 1963 (HAS)
[OSU].

Variation. — The available females vary in size from 8-13 mm.
MID varies from .52 to .57 X TFD; the amount of erect hair on the
propodeum is rather variable. The most notable variation in this
series pertains to the antennae, which tend to be shorter toward the
more southern parts of the range. In U. S. specimens, antennal seg-
ment three varies from .90 to 1.0 X UID; in the one Durango female
this figure is .86, in the one Michoacan female .76, in seven Morelos
females .72-.79, in the one Guerrero female .80, and in 4 Chiapas
females .75-.80.

The Texas male which I selected as holotype of grandiflexionis
is the only male I have seen which has a pale stripe on the pronotum.
This male is also unusually large, measuring 11.5 mm., while the
largest Mexican male before me measures 9 mm. As in the female,
the amount of erect hair on the propodeum is somewhat variable,
but all the Mexican and Central American males have at least a few

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

308 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

setae on each side. The mats of short hair on the venter described
for the type of grandiflexionis are barely discernible in most speci-
mens. Only very minor variation can be noted in the genitalia.

Anoplius (Pompilinus) subcylindricus (Banks)

Pompiloides subcylindricus Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 103
[Type: 2°, VirGIniA: Falls Church, Aug. (NB) (MCZ, no. 10, 015)].

Anoplius (Pompilinus) subcylindricus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76:
286-288. — Evans, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 49: 174 (Mexican
records).

Female. — Length 5.5-11 mm. Black; pubescence wholly dark, slightly
violaceous; specimens from central Mexico (Michoacan and Puebla to Guer-
rero) with the pubescence strongly bluish, the wings violaceous. Propodeum
not or very barely hairy. Clypeus 2.5-2.7 X as broad as high, truncate below.
Head rather broad, TFD about 1.12 X VED; vertex forming an even arc above
the eye tops. Front broad, MID .60-.65 X TFD; UID .85-.95 X LID; POL
usually slightly exceeding OOL. Antennal segment three not longer than one
and two together, equal to from .54 to .70 X UID. Posterior margin of pro-
notum arcuate, at most with a very vague median angulation. Propodeum
short and convex. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, the spines about
as long as the width of the basitarsus.

Male. — Length 4.5-9 mm. Black; pubescence extensively silvery; pro-
podeum without erect hairs. S4 (to a lesser extent 5) with a dense mat of
very short, suberect setae. Front broad, MID .61-.67 X TFD; UID 1.0-1.1
X LID; ocelli in a broad triangle, POL slightly exceeding OOL. Antennal
segment three 1.6-2.2 X as long as wide, distinctly shorter than fourth segment.
Posterior margin of pronotum ‘arcuate or with a vague median angulation.
SGP of moderate width, nearly paralle!-sided. the apex rounded or obtusely
pointed, the plate somewhat tectiform. Genitalia with the parameres slender,
nearly straight; digiti large, their inner margins nearly straight, with some
minute setae on the inner margin apically and some long setae which are
sinuous apically on the upper, outer margin; aedoeagus gradually expanded
from base to apex, which is subtruncate (see fig. 88 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — Utah, North Dakota, and Quebec to Florida and
to Guerrero, in Mexico occurring in open country above 5000 feet
elevation. (Map 55.)

Mexican specimens examined. — 23 ° 2,34 6 6. CHIHUAHUA:
1 2, 2 mi. S Matachic, 21 Aug. 1950 (RFS) [AMNH]; 1 ¢, San
José Babicora, 5 July 1947 (MC) [AMNH]; 1 ¢, 18 mi. W Jimenez,
10 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [CU]. Duranco: 4 2 2, 8 mi. S Canutillo,
9 Aug. 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CU, CIS]; 1 2, 1 46, Nombre de

HOWARD E. EVANS 309
f | Vie
i OO cal gh i iA ea See [EMEA
wea | Ne jl f | \ Se
aS oS q | \
ne j We
~ = \ |
Se WSS SS | )
\ XX \ y, | {
) ~ ) = \ ——
Sg (@ RS \
—_ e@ ~ .
\
\ \ 4
= 0 | a
aS >t 7 ra) =
@ ¢ n Ne a )
wT & L y \
Ce iE Ate
~! 1 X _
WS > — = ah
a ; RX
Pee Bs, 3 Ee
ote ean A
= = gon
= 5.5 eo® ~— ess
<i : <=>
@. ee a, i] 1
! x
igs
S «
J —
J
“ i
SS k
)
Map 55 6 \
@ Anoplius (Pompilinus) subcylindricus (Banks) x oN

(also widely distr. in US.)

Dios, 1-5 Aus, (HEE) |MCZ]. ZAcATECAS; 6 2.2, Il6 66, 15
km. E Sombrerete, 7300 feet, 28-31 July 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ,
CU, CIS]. Jatisco: 2 ¢ 2,2 4 4, Villa Guadalupe, 26 July 1951
(HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CU, CIS]. MicHoacan: 4 ¢ ¢, 10 km. W
Zitacuaro, 8000 feet, 11 July 1951 (PDH, HEE) [CIS, MCZ]; 1 ¢,
9 mi. SW Morelia, 21 Aug. 1962, 6800 feet (RHP) [MCZ]. Quer-
ETARO: 1 6, 10 mi. E San Juan del Rio, 6500 feet [KU]. Mexico:
3 22, Teotihuacan, 7500 feet, July (HEE, RRD) [MCZ, MSU]; 1
8, Atlacomulco, 8000 feet, 18 Aug. 1954 (J. G. Chillcott) [CNC].
PUEBLA: 2 2 2, 55 mi. SE Puebla, 6600 feet, 7 June 1956 (HAS)
[OSU]; 1 2, 20 mi. W Puebla, 29 Dec. 1940 (GEB) [CIS]; 12 ¢ ¢,
14 mi. W Huauchinango, 7000 feet, 17 June 1951 (PDH, HEE)
[CIS, CU, MCZ]. Moretos: 1 2°, 3 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 28 June
1959, 6500 feet (HEE) [MCZ]. GuERRERO: 1 2, Almolongo, 6000
feet, 29 July 1962 (HEE) [MCZ].

Variation. — As noted above, females from central Mexico (M1-
choacan, Mexico, Puebla, Morelos, Guerrero) are decidedly bluer
than those from farther north, and also have the wings more strongly
bluish-refulgent. There are, however, no noticeable differences in
size or structural details. The males from this area alsc have the

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

310 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

dark parts of the pubescence somewhat more bluish; they also have
the mat of hairs on S4 distinctly longer than those from farther north,
longer even than the Jalisco specimens.

Anoplius (Pompilinus) texanus (Dreisbach)

Pompilinus texanus Dreisbach, 1949, Ent. Amer., (n.s.)29 14-15 [Type: ¢,
TEXAS: Lee Co., May 1907 (Birkman) (MCZ, no. 29, 324)]. —
Dreisbach, 1952, Amer. Mid]. Nat., 48: 145, 159.

Anoplius (Pompilinus) texanus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 290-
291. — Evans, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 49: 174 (Morelos,
Mexico).

The female of this species has not previously been described. The
species occurs widely in Mexico but appears to be uncommon.

Female. — Length 7-10 mm. Black; pubescence wholly dark, reflecting
shades of deep blue in certain lights. Pronotum with a few short setae, pro-
podeum without setae. Clypeus 2.4-2.5 K as wide as high, its apical margin
truncate. Head 1.10-1.13 X as wide as high; vertex very slightly, arcuately
elevated above eye tops (much less so than in subcylindricus). Front of mod-
erate breadth, MID .58-.61 X TFD; UID .85-.90 X LID; ocelli in a broad
triangle, POL:0O0L=6:5. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about
21:7:26:22, segment three equal to from .68 to .75 KX UID. Posterior mar-
gin of pronotum with a distinct median angulation. Propodeum rather short,
with an oblique, nearly flat declivity. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines,
the spines about as long as the width of the tarsus.

Male. — Length 5.5-8 mm. Black; pubescence extensively silvery, tending
to be rather coarse on the propedeal slope. Body without conspicuous erect
hairs except for a few on the head and prothorax, also a dense brush of hairs
of moderate length on S4. Clypeus 2.2-2.4 XK as wide as high. MID .59-.60
X TFD; UID very slightly greater than LID; POL very slightly greater than
OOL. Third antennal segment about 2.2-2.4 K as long as wide, about as long
as fourth segment. Pronotum broadly angulate behind. SGP unusually slender,
somewhat parallel-sided, covered with short, suberect hairs. Genitalia with the
parameres distinctly wider than in subcylindricus and the inner margin of the
digiti more sinuate than in that species, but the genitalia otherwise very simi-
lar (see figs. 128 and 155 in Evans, 1951; also fig. 37 in Dreisbach, 1949, and
fig. 13 in Dreisbach, 1952).

Distribution. — Louisiana and Texas to Morelos and to Yucatan.
See Evans, 1951, for U. S. records. (Map 54.)

Mexican specimens examined. —7 °°, 1 4. Moretos: 1 2,
1 6, Alpuyeca, about 3000 feet, 27 June, 3 July 1951 (HEE, PDH)
[MCZ]. VERACRUZ: 5 2°, Minatitlan, 26 Aug.-1 Sept. 1961
(RRD) [MSU]. YucaTAn: 1 ¢, 10 km. W Kantunil, 18 July 1962

HOWARD E. EVANS 311
(HEE) [MCZ].

Anoplius (Pompilinus) estellina (Banks)

Pompiloides estellina Banks, 1914, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 22: 303 [Type: 4,
CALIFORNIA: Fosters, San Diego Co., 29 May (E. P. VanDuzee)
(MCZ, no. 13, 673)].

Anoplius (Pompilinus) estellina Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 299-
301. — Evans, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 49: 176 (Mexico and
Guatemala). — Evans, 1956, Ent. News, 67: 7-8.

Pompilinus utahensis Dreisbach, 1952, Amer. Midl. Nat., 48: 145-146 [Type:
é, UTraH: Castle Dale, 24 June 1941 (G. F. Knowlton) (USNM,
no. 63, 096)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1956.

Pompilinus minutus Dreisbach, 1952, ibid., pp. 147-148 [Type: ¢, MExIco:
MicHoacaAN: Tancitaro, 6600 feet, 2-5 July 1940 (Hoogstraal &
Knight) (? location of type)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1956.

Female. — Length 5-8 mm. Black; pubescence wholly dark, obscurely
reflecting bluish. Head and prothorax with numerous dark setae; propodeum
with a few fairly strong, dark setae on the sides. Clypeus 2.5-2.8 X as broad
as high, truncate or slightly concave below. Head 1.10-1.14 X as wide as
high; vertex forming a slight arc extending very slightly above the eye tops,
as in texanus. Front broad, MID .59-.65 X TFD; UID .85-.95 X LID; POL
equal to or very slightly exceeding OOL. First four antennal segments in a
ratio of about 25:10:32:28, segment three thus considerably shorter than one
and two together, measuring .56-.69 X UID. Posterior margin of pronotum
angulate. Other features as described for texanus.

Male. — Length 4.5-8 mm. Black; pubescence extensively silvery; pro-
podeum sometimes with a few weak hairs on the sides. Clypeus 2.2-2.4 X
as wide as high. MID .62-.67 X TFD; UID subequal to or slightly exceeding
LID; POL equal to or slightly exceeding OOL. Third antennal segment 2.0-
2.3 X as long as wide, slightly shorter than fourth segment. Pronotum broadly
angulate behind. Venter smooth, with no evidence of hair-mats. SGP broad,
the median line strongly elevated and pigmented, the side-pieces broadly un-
pigmented, semi-transparent. Genitalia with the parameres slightly curved,
rather narrow (although wider than in subcylindricus), with few setae on the
ventral surface but many on the dorsal; digiti elongate, the tip forming a small,
angular process, surface covered with small setae which are longer on the
upper, outer side; volsella with some very long setae arising at the base of the
digitus; parapenial lobes straight, widened apically; aedoeagus abruptly ex-
panded at the extreme tip (see fig. 93 in Evans, 1951, also figs. 7 and 15 in
Dreisbach, 1952).

Distribution. — Western North America, from Alberta to Guate-
mala. In Mexico this species occurs in open country at moderate to

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

312 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

@ Anoplius (Pompilinus) estellina (Banks)
(also occurs in western U.S.)

ZX Anoplius (Pompilinus) californiae Evans
(also occurs in western U.S.)

A Anoplius (Pompilinus) litoreus Evans

fairly high elevations, often near water. Since presenting U. S. rec-
ords for this species in 1951, I have seen many additional specimens
from Arizona (Cochise Co.). (Map 56.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 10 2 2,
14 é 6. ZACATECAS: 1 2,9 mi. N Ojo Caliente, 12 May 1962 (LS)
[UCD]. MicHoAcan: 1 ¢, Tancitaro, 6600 feet, 2-5 July 1940
[type of minutus]. QUERETARO: 2 2 °,3 6 6, Palmillas, 7000 feet,
8 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. Mexico: 1 4, Chapingo [ENAC]; 4
22,3 8 8, Valle de Bravo, 6500 feet, 3 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ];
2 é@ 8, 34 km. W Toluca, 8500 feet, 9 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ].
PUEBLA: 1 2,2 6 8, 14 mi. W Huauchinango, 7000 feet, 17 June
1951 (PDH) [CIS, MCZ]. Oaxaca: 1 ¢, Oaxaca, 5000 feet, 20
July 1937 (GEB) [CIS]; 1 @, 2 mi. NW Tamazulapan, 6000 feet,
28 June 1961 [KU]. CutApAs: 1 2, 16 mi. NW Comitan, 3 Aug.
1952 (EG & CM) [CIS]. GuATEMALA: 1 4, Cristobal, Tonicopan,
16 Aug. 1952 (RHP) [MCZ].

Anoplius (Pompilinus) litoreus Evans

Anoplius (Pompilinus) litoreus Evans, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 49: 175-
176 [Type: ¢, Mexico: Nayarit: San Blas, 20 July 1951 (HEE)

HOWARD E. EVANS 313

(USNM, no. 62, 901)].

Female. — Length 5.5-10 mm. Black; pubescence conspicuously silvery
on the lower front and temples, often over much of the head and thorax, in-
cluding the leg-bases and propodeum. Amount of erect hair rather variable;
propodeum with or without erect hairs. Head about 1.15 X as wide as high,
the vertex straight across between the eye-tops. Clypeus 2.7-3.0 X as wide as
high, its apical margin very slightly concave. MID .55-.63 X TFD; UID .80-
.90 X LID; POL:OOL=7:6. Third antennal segment much shorter than one
and two together, scarcely longer than scape, measuring from .45 to .65 X
UID. Pronotum broadly angulate behind. Propodeum convex, with a well-
defined, oblique declivity. Front basitarsus with four comb-spines, the spines
(except sometimes the most basal one) distinctly longer than the width of the
tarsus.

Male. — Length 4-8.5 mm. Black; pubescence extensively silvery; pro-
podeum only occasionally with a few erect hairs. Clypeus slightly more than
twice as wide as high. MID .59-.65 X TFD; UID 1.0-1.1 X LID; POL:
OOL=7:6. Third antennal segment 2.0-2.3 X as long as thick, subequal to
or slightly shorter than fourth segment. Venter smooth, with only a very few
short, suberect setae, except SGP rather roughly setose, the setae fairly long
medially and apically; SGP fairly wide, its midline somewhat elevated. Geni-
talia with the parameres somewhat expanded on the apical half, with strong
setae; digiti elongate, bearing short setae most of which are angled at their
apices; volsella with only some very short setae at the base of the digitus;
aedoeagus subangularly expanded at the apex (see figs. 1 and 2 in Evans, 1956).

Distribution. — This species is restricted to sea beaches on the
west coast of Mexico, from Oaxaca to Sinaloa. (Map 56.)

Specimens examined. — 82 22, 88 646. Oaxaca: 1 4, Isla
Natar, Juchitan Dist., 8 March 1948 (T. MacDougal) [AMNH].
GUERRERO: 12 2 2, Acapulco, | July 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ,
CU, CIS, CAS]. Cora: 2 2 2, 3 mi. NW Manzanillo, 26 Aug.
L9GZ GRIP) IMEZ PP INAVARTNS 2662895 27) 67s, San Blas; July,
Sept. (HEE, PDH, RRD) [MCZ, CU, CIS, ENAC, MSU, CAS,
USNM]; 1 ¢, Rio de las Canyas, 8 mi. NW Acaponeta, 25 Nov. 1948
(HBL) [CAS]. SrinALoa: 20 2 2, 15 6 46, Mazatlan, May, July,
Aug., 1959, 1962 (HEE, FDP) [CU, ENAC, MCZ, UCD]; 22 ¢ 2,
44 6 8, 8 mi. SE Elota, 19 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD].

Variation. — The females from Acapulco and from Manzanillo
differ from those from Nayarit and Sinaloa in having the propodeum
rather hairy in all specimens, and in some the mesopleura, middle
and hind coxae, and even the femora are hairy. Also, in the Aca-
pulco series the front is consistently rather broad (MID .60-.63 X

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

314 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

TFD), the third antennal segment very short (.45-.50 X UID).
Females from Nayarit and Sinaloa have at most a trace of hair on

the propodeum, and in nearly all specimens the third antennal seg-
ment is more than .50 X UID.

Anoplius (Pompilinus) califormiae Evans

Pompilus tenebrosus Fox, 1893, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2)4: 9 (Baja Calif.).
— Fox, 1895, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2)5: 265 (Baja Calif.). (Not
tenebrosus Cresson; misidentification. )

Anoplius (Pompilinus) californiae Evans, 1948, Pan-Pac. Ent., 24: 128-129
[Type: 2, BAJA CALIFORNIA: La Paz, 3 June 1921 (E. P. VanDuzee)
(CAS, no. 5949)]. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 297-
299. — Evans, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 49: 175.

This species resembles the preceding closely and probably shared
a common ancestry with it. Unlike litoreus, however, this species is
by no means confined to sea beaches.

Female. — Length 8-12.5 mm. Black; wings moderately infuscated, often
somewhat violaceous; pubescence dark, obscurely bluish, often silvery on base
of mandibles, sometimes also on sides of clypeus and face. Body rather hairy
for the subgenus; thoracic dorsum with scattered erect setae, propodeum with
numerous strong setae, femora often with short setae. Head very wide, 1.15-
1.20 X as wide as high, the vertex nearly straight between the eye-tops. Cly-
peus 2.5-2.8 X as wide as high, truncate below. MID .56-.62 X TFD; UID
.85-.95 X LID; POL equal to or slightly exceeding OOL. Third antennal seg-
ment longer than first two together, equal to from .65 to .80 X UID. Pro-
notum broadly angulate behind. Front basitarsus with three or (more com-
monly) four comb-spines, the spines 1.3-2.0 X as long as the width of the
tarsus (except the basal one often shorter).

Male. — Length 6.5-9.5 mm. Black; pubescence dark, except silvery on
temples and front of head, sometimes on parts of the thorax. Front with dense
erect hair; thoracic dorsum with a few erect hairs; propodeum unusually hairy
for this subgenus. Clypeus 2.1-2.3 X as wide as high. MID .59-.62 X TED;
UID subequal to or slightly exceeding LID; POL:0OL=about 10:9. Third
antennal segment 2.0-2.8 X as long as wide. Venter with sparse, small setae,
subgenital plate by no means as roughly setose as in litoreus. SGP broad,
somewhat elevated medially, its apex broadly rounded or obtusely angulate.
Genitalia much like those of litoreus but the digiti larger (only slightly shorter
than the parameres), the aedoeagus more broadly and roundly expanded api-
cally (see fig. 92 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — New Mexico, Nevada, and California to Sonora
and the whole of Baja California. For U. S. records, see Evans,

HOWARD E. EVANS 3115)

1951; the Nevada record is new (a series of both sexes from Glen-
dale, Clark Co., 13 May 1961 [CIS]). (Map 56.)

Mexican specimens examined. — 11 22,3 66. Sonora: 1 2,
MacDougal Crater, Pinacate Mts., 28 Nov. 1959 (G. D. Butler)
[UA]; 3 2 2, between Sonoyta and Punto Penasco, 500 feet, 25
March 1949 (G. M. Bradt) [AMNH, MCZ]. BAJA CALIFORNIA: 1
2, Angeles Bay, 7 May 1921 (E. P. VanDuzee) [USNM]; 1 2, 2
6 6, La Paz, 3 June 1921 (E. P. VanDuzee) [CAS]; 2 2 ¢, 19.2
mi. W La Paz, 31 Dec. 1958 (HBL) [CAS]; 1 ¢°,1 ¢, Bahia de los
Muertos, 20 Dec. 1958 (HBL) [CAS]; 1 2°, Magdalena Bay, 30 May
[CAS]; 1 2, Cabo San Lucas, 16 March 1953 (P. H. Arnaud) [CAS].

Anoplius (Pompilinus) insolens (Banks)

Pompiloides insolens Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 226 [Type: ¢
NortH CAroLina: Black Mt., May (MCZ, no. 13, 681)].

Pompilinus insolens Dreisbach, 1949, Ent. Amer., (n.s.)29: 28, 33, 50.

Anoplius (Pompilinus) insolens Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 304-
306. — Evans, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 49: 176 (Mexico).

by

Female. — Length 7.5-14 mm. Black; pubescence wholly dark, somewhat
bluish or violaceous. Body with considerably less hair than in the preceding
species; propodeum always with a few very short, fine hairs on the sides. Cly-
peus about 2.5 X as broad as high, truncate or slightly concave below. Head
slightly wider than high, TFD not more than about 1.12 X VED; vertex straight
across between eye-tops or arched very weakly. Front broad, MID .56-.61 X
TFD, averaging about 58; UID .80-.92 XK LID; POL equal to or slightly
greater than OOL. Third antennal segment slightly longer than one and two
together, equal to from .68 to .84 X UID. Posterior margin of pronotum
subangulate, not forming a clearly defined angle on the median line as, for
example, in estellina. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, the spines
very short, not longer than the width of the tarsus.

Male. — Length 6.5-11 mm. Black; pubescence of variable coloration,
often silvery over a considerable part of the head and thorax. Body mostly
smooth and without erect hairs, the propodeum without hairs or with a few
very short ones. Clypeus twice as broad as high; MID .58-.63 X TFD; UID
equal to or very slightly exceeding LID; POL usually slightly exceeding OOL;
third antennal segment 2.4-3.0 X as long as wide, about as long as fourth seg-
ment. Venter smooth, with only scattered, short hairs. SGP also rather
smooth, the median line not distinctly elevated, the apex obtusely angulate.
Genitalia with the parameres gradually expanded nearly to the apex, which is
subtruncate, the inner margin with a series of strong setae on the outer half;
digiti rather slender, with delicate setae which are angled at their apices, ex-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

316 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

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= Y { Sx |
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@ Anopiius (Pompilinus) insolens (Banks) A \ ) &
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(also transcontinental in U.S.)
A Anoplius (Anoplius) simulans (Cresson)

cept with some much stronger setae on the upper, outer side; aedoeagus parallel-
sided, angularly expanded at the apex (see fig. 95 in Evans, 1951, also fig. 43
in Dreisbach, 1949).

Distribution. — This species occurs transcontinentally in temper-
ate North America, north to British Columbia, Ontario, and Maine,
south to Georgia, Texas, the Mexican central plateau to the high
parts of Veracruz and Morelos, and to California. (Map 57.)

Mexican specimens examined. —21 2° °,4 6 6. CHIHUAHUA:
2 2 2, Santa Clara, 2 July 1947 (WG) [AMNH]; 1 2, 16 mi. SE
Chihuahua, 11 July [AMNH]; 2 2 2, 82 mi. S Juarez, 4000 feet,
15 Aug. 1957 (HAS) [OSU]; 1 ¢, Guzman, 4400 feet, Aug. 1906
(P. P. Calvert) [ANSP]; 1 2°, 10 mi. S Villa Ahumada, 4 July 1954
(E. I. Schlinger) [CIS]. Sonora: 1 2°, Guaymas, 10 April (L. O.
Howard) [USNM]. Duranco: 1 2, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951
(HEE) [MCZ]. ZAcATEcAs: 1 2, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 7300 feet,
28-31 July 1951 (PDH) [CIS]. AGuASscALIENTES: | 2, Aguascali-
entes, 26 June 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS]. MicHoacan: 1 ¢, 1 ¢,
10 km. W Zitacuaro, 8000 feet, 11 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Mor-
ELOS: 8 22,3 646, 3 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 6500 feet, May-June
1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]. VERAcRUZ: 1 2, 5 mi. E Acultzingo,
5000 feet, 9 June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ].

HOWARD E. EVANS 3) 7/

Anoplius (Pompilinus) clystera (Banks)

Pompiloides clystera Banks, 1914, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 22: 302 [Type: 4,
CALIFORNIA: Stanford Univ. (MCZ, no. 13, 675)].

Pompilinus clystera Dreisbach, 1949, Ent. Amer., (n.s.)29: 27, 38, 42.

Anoplius (Pompilinus) clystera Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 307-
309. — Evans, 1956, Ent. News, 67: 7.— Evans, 1956, Ann. Ent.
Soc. Amer., 49: 176-177 (Mexican records).

Pompilinus submarginatus Dreisbach, 1952, Amer. Midl. Nat., 48: 146-147
[Type: 6, UraH: Delta, 25 June 1949 (G. F. Knowlton) (USNM,
no. 63, 095)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1956.

This species occurs widely in the western half of the United States,
and it is entirely logical that it should occur throughout much of the
Mexican central plateau. Specimens from as far south as Oaxaca are
here assigned to clystera. However, the only Mexican male I have
seen is from a locality in Baja California only a short distance from
the U. S. border. The others are all females, and although they seem
to fall readily within the range of variation of clystera as that is pres-
sently understood, it should be emphasized that characterization of
the females in this subgenus is difficult. Pending the capture of males
from localities deeper in Mexico, the assignment of females from
central and southern Mexico to clystera must be considered tentative.

Female. — Length 5.8-13 mm. Black; pubescence entirely dark, often
with obscure bluish reflections. Propodeum without erect hairs or with a few
short, fine hairs on the sides. Clypeus 2.4-2.7 X as wide as high, truncate
below. Head about 1.10 X as wide as high, vertex passing straight across
between eye-tops or arching very weakly. Front narrow, MID .53-.57 X TED:
UID .85-.95 X LID; POL:OOL=5:4. Third antennal segment at least as
long as first two together, equal to from .70 to .90 X UID. Posterior margin
ef pronotum angulate. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, the spines
about as long as the width of the tarsus.

Male. — Length 5.5-11 mm. Black; pubescence often extensively silvery,
sometimes mostly or even wholly dark, with obscure bluish reflections. Cly-
peus 2.0-2.3 X as wide as high. MID .58-.64 X TFD; UID 1.0-1.1 X LID;
POL:OOL=5:4. Third antennal segment about 2.5 X as long as thick, about
as long as fourth segment. Venter smooth, with only a few small setae. SGP
of moderate breadth, its median line strongly elevated, side broadly unpig-
mented or weakly pigmented. Genitalia with the parameres fairly broad,
tapering apically, strongly curved; digiti slender, mostly covered with hairs
which are anguiate at their apices, the upper, outer margin with some long
setae; base of digitus with only some minute setae; aedoeagus slender, angu-
larly expanded apically (see figs. 14 and 27 in Dreisbach, 1949, also figs. 96

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

318 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

and 134 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — California, Colorado, and Kansas south to Oax-
aca. See Evans, 1951, for marginal U. S. records. (Map 58.)

Mexican specimens examined. —9 °°, 1 @&. BAJA CALI-
FORNIA: 1 &, Descanso, 1 Sept. 1955 (R. M. Bohart) [UCD]; 1 ¢,
Mouth of Rio Santelmo, 21 Apr. 1941 (ESR & GEB) [CAS].
CHIHUAHUA: | 2, 18 mi. W Jimenez, 10 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].
JALISCO: 2 2 2, Guadalajara, 23-24 July 1951 (PDH, HEE) [CIS,
MCZ]; 1 2°, 8 mi. SW San Juan de los Lagos, 4 Aug. 1954 (R. F.
Smith) [CIS]. Mexico: 1 ¢, Valle de Bravo, 3 Aug. 1962, 6500
feet (HEE) [MCZ]. Moretos: | ¢, 12 mi. E Cuernavaca, 4300
feet, 14 Aug. 1954 [KU]; 1 2°, Tequesquitengo, 15 July 1961 (RRD)
[MSU]. Oaxaca: | @, Oaxaca, 8 July 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS].

@ Anoplius (Pompilinus) clystera (Banks)
(also occurs in western U.S.)

A Anoplius (P) splendens (Oreisbach)
(also widely distr. in U.S.)

A Anoplius (P) fraternus (Banks)
(also occurs in southern U.S.)

Anoplius (Pompilinus) splendens (Dreisbach)

Pompilinus splendens Dreisbach, 1949, Ent. Amer., (n.s.)29: 20-21 [Type: 3,
Kansas: Morton Co., 5 Aug. 1911 (FXW) (KU)].

Pompilinus pseudoreductus Dreisbach, 1949, ibid., pp. 21-23 [Type: MuIcH-
IGAN: Muskegon, 6 Aug. 1945 (RRD) (MCZ, no. 29, 327)]. Syn-
onymy by Evans, 1951.

HOWARD E. EVANS 319

Pompilinus ohioensis Dreisbach, 1949, ibid., pp. 24-25 [Type: Onto: Pickaway
Co., 21 June 1937 (RRD) (MCZ, no. 29, 326)]. Synonymy by
Evans, 1951.

Anoplius (Pompilinus) splendens Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76:
320-322. — Evans, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 49: 117 (Mexican
records).

Female. — Length 7.5-14.5 mm. Black, first two abdominal tergites
(rarely only the second) orange-brown; pubescence often silvery on parts of
the head and thorax, sometimes wholly dark. Propodeum not at all hairy.
Clypeus about 2.5 X as wide as high, truncate below. MID .51-.56 XK TFD;
UID .80-.90 X LID; POL equal to or greater than OOL. Antennae slender,
segment three at least as long as one and two together, equal to from .80 to
1.0 X UID; outer flagellar segments slender, all more than 3 X as long as
thick. Tarsal comb short, as in the preceding two species. Slope of pro-
podeum low and gradual, the declivity not strongly defined.

Male. — Length 6-11.5 mm. Black, with or without orange-brown col-
oration on some of basal abdominal segments; pubescence silvery over a con-
siderable part of the head, thorax, and propodeum; propodeum without erect
hairs. Clypeus about twice as broad as high; MID .54-.61 X TFD; UID sub-
equal to or slightly less than LID; POL equal to or slightly greater than OOL.
Third antennal segment 2.5-3.0 X as long as thick, about as long as fourth
segment. Venter smooth, with only very short, scattered hairs. SGP rather
broad, its median line strongly elevated, apically forming a small projection
beyond the otherwise rounded margin of the plate. Genitalia with the para-
meres expanded and curved apically, the tip acute; digiti much as in the pre-
ceding species, but slightly broader and with the setae not so extensively angled
at their apices (see figs. 30, 31, 53, 54 in Dreisbach, 1949; also figs. 103, 133
in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — Florida, Texas, Durango, and Arizona to Idaho,
Manitoba, Ontario, and Maine. Marginal U. S. records are given
by Evans, 1951. (Map 58.)

Mexican specimens examined. —2 2° @?. CHIHUAHUA: 1 92,
Carta Blanca, 16 mi. W Matachic, 8 July 1947 (WG) [AMNH].
DuRANGO: 1 2, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS].

Anoplius (Pompilinus) cylindricus (Cresson)

Pompilus cylindricus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 92 [Lectotype:
6, Texas (ANSP, no. 553)].

Arachnophila brevihirta Banks, 1945, Psyche, 52: 105 [Type: 2, ILLtnots:
Chicago, July (C. T. Brues) (MCZ, no. 26, 739)]. Synonymy by
Evans, 1951.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

320 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Pompilinus truncatus Dreisbach, 1949, Ent. Amer., (n.s.)29: 15-16 [Type: ¢é,
MicHiGAN: Gratiot Co., 2 Aug. 1947 (RRD) (MCZ, no. 29, 330)].
Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Pompilinus subtruncatus Dreisbach, 1949, ibid., p. 17-18 [Type: ¢, NEBRASKA:
Lincoln, 14 June 1909 (C. H. Gable) (Univ. Nebraska; not seen by
present writer)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Pompilinus hispidus Dreisbach, 1949, ibid., pp. 23-24 [Type: ¢, MICHIGAN:
Tuscola Co., 20 Aug. 1940 (RRD) (MCZ, no. 29, 323)]. Synonymy
by Evans, 1951.

Anoplius (Pompilinus) cylindricus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76:
294-297. — Evans, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 49: 174 (Mexico).

Pompilinus clavipes Dreisbach, 1958, Ent. News, 69: 61-62 [Type: 4, TExas:
Conlon, “8-7” 1952 (RRD) (MCZ, no. 30, 027)]. New synonym.

I have placed four of Dreisbach’s names in the synonymy of
cylindricus well aware that each is somewhat distinctive with respect
to the terminalia of the type and several associated specimens. Cyl-
indricus is a puzzling species and may well consist of two or more
sibling species some or all of which tend to form local races in cer-
tain parts of the range. However, studies of a more sophisticated
nature than have yet been conducted on this complex will be needed
to resolve the difficulties. At present, it seems to me equally likely
that a single variable species is involved. Study of the limited Mexi-
can spscimens available does nothing to clarify the matter; in fact,
one is sorely tempted to add two more names for consideration, as
Mexican specimens appear to fall into three lots, two of which are
somewhat different from any described so far (see below, under “var-
iation”). The following description is a generalized one, designed
to cover the species in its broadest sense.

Female. — Length 4.5-12 mm. Black, abdomen orange-brown at least on
the basal two tergites, sometimes over as much as five tergites and the basal
three sternites; pubescence wholly dark or with some silvery pubescence on the
lower front, clypeus, and base of mandibles. Body generally with more erect
hair than is usual in this subgenus, the thoracic dorsum with scattered hairs,
the femora sometimes short-haired, the propodeum varying from conspicuously
hairy to (rarely) completely without erect hairs. Clypeus 2.5-2.7 X as wide
as high, truncate below. Front broad, MID .56-.65 X TED (usually over .60);
UID .80-.90 X LID; ocelli in a rather broad triangle, POL usually distinctly
greater than OOL. Antennae rather short, third segment shorter than one and
two together, equal to from .50 to .84 XK UID (usually between .60 and .70).
Pronotum angulate or subangulate behind. Propodeum shorter and higher
than in splendens and with the declivity more strongly defined. Front basitarsus

HOWARD E. EVANS Syl

with three or (less commonly) four comb-spines, the spines distinctly longer
than the width of the tarsal segments.

Male. — Length 3.5-12 mm. Black, the basal abdominal segments some-
times marked with orange; pubescence silvery at least on parts of the head,
often over much of the body; propodeum often with some weak hairs on the
sides. Clypeus 2.0-2.2 X as wide as high. MID .58-.64 X TFD; UID subequal
to or slightly exceeding LID; POL usually slightly exceeding OOL. Third an-
tennal segment 2.2-2.8 X as long as thick, often slightly shorter than fourth
segment. Propodeum rather convex in profile, steeply declivous behind. Ven-
ter smooth, but SGP with the pubescence somewhat erect, with a variable
number of short, erect or suberect setae medially and apically; median line of
plate weakly to fairly strongly elevated, the apex obtusely or acutely angulate.
Genitalia with the parameres with a rather strong sub-basal squama, apically
much expanded, the apex acute; digiti clothed with short setae and with longer
setae apically, the apex rather abruptly truncate; parapenial lobes slender and
curved, aedoeagus simple, slightly expanded at the apex (see the various figures
of Dreisbach and Evans, in the references cited above, for general features
and variation).

Distribution. — North America except Arctic regions and along
the Pacific coast; Ontario, Northwest Territories, and central Oregon
to Arizona, Nayarit, Veracruz, and Florida. (Map 59.)

Mexican specimens examined. —6 2 2,7 6 6. CHIHUAHUA: 1
3, 8 mi. S Gallego, 5000 feet, 27 July 1953 [KU]; 1 3, Santa Clara,
2 July 1947 (WG) [AMNH]. Nayarit: 2 ¢ 6, 15 km. N Chapa-
hile tony, 1951 (EES PDE) sIMEZ CIS), Jarisco: 1 3, El
Tigre, 18 July 1954 (EIS) [CIS]; 1 4, Guadalajara, 5000 feet, 13
July 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. More Los: 1 4, Cuernavaca, 5500 feet,
19 April 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. VeERAcRUZ: 5 2 ¢, Veracruz, June,
Aug., Sept., Nov. (HEE, RRD, RHP) [MCZ, MSU]; 1 2, Tecolutla,
4 Aug. 1962 (RHP) [MCZ].

Variation. — All seven males are entirely black, while the females
have an unusually large amount of orange on the abdomen (three or
four tergites and three sternites). The Chihuahua males are very
similar to numerous Texas males before me and to the type specimen
of cylindricus. The males from Nayarit, Jalisco, and Morelos are all
rather small (5-7 mm.) and have terminalia very similar to one an-
other and not exactly like those of any other males of this complex
which I have studied. The subgenital plate is rather broad and tapers
to an obtuse angle apically; the pubescence is suberect, especially
along the slightly elevated midline, and on the sides toward the base

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

Map 59

@ Anoplius (Pompilinus) cylindricus (Cresson)
(also widely distr. in U.S)
A Anoplius (Cameronoplius) decorus (Cameron)
IB Anoplius (Anoplius) ithaca (Banks)
(also widely distr. in U.S.)

there is a prominent series of strong setae (not visible without dissec-
tion). The genitalia differ from the more typical form (Evans, 1951,
fig. 91) in having only a few very weak setae on the inner margin of
the parameres and in having the setae along the apical margin of the
digiti unusually strong and curved.

The females from the state of Veracruz are distinctive because of
the large amount of orange coloration in the abdomen, but some have
only three tergites orange, as in many Texas and Florida specimens.
They are more distinctive in lacking more than a small amount of
erect hair on the propodeum: in fact in four of them there is scarcely
any at all. Also, the front is unusually narrow (MID .56-.59 X
TFD), the UID also narrow in relation to the third antennal segment
(which measures .66-.84 X UID). The fact that no males are avail-
able from Veracruz and no females available from Morelos, Jalisco,
and Nayarit makes it difficult if not impossible to handle these speci-
mens other than to assign them to cylindricus in the broad sense. It
would contribute nothing to our understanding of the complex to de-
scribe these specimens as one or two new species or subspecies at
this time.

HOWARD E. EVANS 323

Anoplius (Pompilinus) fraternus (Banks)

Lophopompilus fraternus Banks, 1941, Canad. Ent., 73: 120 [Type: 2, OKLA-
HOMA: Salt Plains, Cherokee, 14 June 1935 (C. T. Brues) (MCZ, no.
25, 264) ].

Pompilinus dowi Dreisbach, 1949, Ent. Amer., (n.s.)29: 12-14 [Type: ¢,
FLoripA: Coconut Grove, 22 May 1937 (R. Dow) (MCZ, no. 29,
322)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Anoplius (Pompilinus) fraternus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 322-
325. — Evans, 1956, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 49: 177 (Tamaulipas).

Female. — Length 7-14 mm. Black, T2 and usually Tl in greater part
orange-brown; pubescence wholly dark. Body rather hairy for this subgenus;
thoracic dorsum with numerous erect hairs, propodeum quite conspicuously
hairy; coxae and sometimes the femora more or less hairy. Clypeus 2.7-2.9 X
as wide as its median height, distinctly emarginate apically. Head rather wide,
TFD 1.15-1.20 X VFD. MID .53-.60 X TFD; UID .75-.85 X LID; POL:
OOL = 5:4 or 3:2. Third antennal segment longer than 1 and 2 together,
measuring .75 to 1.2 X UID (usually .85-.95). Pronotum angulate behind;
propodeum with the slope rather low, the declivity not strongly defined. Front
basitarsus with four comb-spines, the spines about as long as the width of the
tarsus.

Male. — Length 5.5-10 mm. Black, the abdomen marked with orange-
brown near the base; pubescence silvery at least on the front and clypeus, often
over much of the body. Propodeum often slightly hairy. Clypeus about twice
as broad as high. MID .56-.63 X TFD; UID subequal to or slightly greater
or less than LID; ocelli prominent, in about a right triangle, POL usually ex-
ceeding OOL. Third antennal segment about 3 X as long as thick, usually
slightly longer than fourth segment. Abdomen slender, the venter smooth.
SGP very slender, rather roughly setose. Genitalia unusual in that the para-
meres are relatively broad and straight and have a hyaline portion along the
inner margin and apically; digiti spindle-shaped, somewhat twisted, wholly
covered with short setae; parapenial lobes nearly straight, aedoeagus simple,
slender (see figs. 104 and 137 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — This species is largely restricted to sea beaches
along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, from Long Island, N. Y., to
Tamaulipas, and is often very common on protected beaches or bare,
elevated parts of salt marshes. It is also locally common in certain
inland localities (in Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado), ap-
parently always in areas of saline soil. It has not previously been re-
ported from New Mexico, but I have before me a female taken 17
miles NE Roswell, 29 June 1956 (E. Ordway) [AMNH]. The only
specimen I have seen from the Pacific coast (Gulf of California) is

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

324 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

the single female reported below from Sonora. If the species can be-
come established in saline areas as far from the coast as Nebraska
and New Mexico, there seems no reason why it should not have made
the jump to the Gulf of California, but it is curious that it has not
been collected more often there. (Map 58.)

Mexican specimens examined. —1 2,1 6. TAMAULIPAS: 1 ¢,
La Pesca, 17 May 1952 (MC, WG) [AMNH]. Sonora: 1 °, Agia-
bampo, 29 April 1949 (G. M. Bradt) [AMNH].

Anoplius (Pompilinus) hispaniolae new species

Anoplius (Pompilinus) coruscus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 273
(not coruscus Smith, misidentification).

Allotype. — °, Haiti: Kenskoff, near Port-au-Prince, 4-6000
feet, 23 Sept. 1934 (P. J. Darlington, Jr.) [MCZ].

Description of female allotype.— Length 8 mm.; fore wing 6.7 mm.
Black; T1-3 and all but the apical margin of T4, also S1-2, bright orange-
brown; wings lightly infuscated, darker along the outer margin. Pubescence
conspicuous silvery on the front, clypeus, base of mandibles, temples, scape,
greater part of coxae and lower pleura, propodeum, and colored portions of
abdomen, elsewhere brownish. Head, prothorax, and mesonotum with a few
erect setae, but propodeum without setae; abdomen with the usual strong setae
ventrally and apically, the last tergite with strong bristles. Clypeus 2.5 X as
broad as high, truncate below. Head 1.16 X as wide as high, the vertex pass-
ing straight across between the eye tops. Front narrow, MID .54 X TFD;
UID .82 X LID; POL:OOL = 5:4. First four antennal segments in a ratio
of about 20:6:29:24, segment three equal to .94 X UID. Pronotum broadly
angulate behind. Propodeum relatively short and strongly convex, with an
oblique declivity on the posterior third; median line weakly impressed. Front
basitarsus with three comb-spines, the spines approximately as long as the
width of the tarsus at their bases. Fore wing with the basal and transverse
median veins disjointed as usual in this subgenus; SMC3 subtriangular, nar-
rowed by .8 above by the strong arcuation of the third intercubital vein.

Holotype. -— 6, Haiti: Port-au-Prince & vic., 6 Oct. 1934 (P. J.
Darlington, Jr.) [MCZ, no. 30, 972)].

Description of male holotype. — Length 7 mm.; fore wing 5 mm. Black;
flagellum brownish beneath; abdomen bright orange-brown on the second and
third segments, above and below, also on the apex of the first; wings very lightly
infuscated, the fore wing broadly darker apically. Pubescence silvery over
greater part of the body, especially dense and conspicuous on the front, temples,

HOWARD E. EVANS 325

pronotum, coxae, pleura, and propodeum; body with very limited erect hairs,
the propodeum and abdominal venter quite smooth. Clypeus 2.3 X as wide
as high, very weakly concave below. Head 1.08 X as wide as high, vertex
forming a gentle arc above the eye tops. MID .60 X TFD; UID 1.12 X LID;
POL:OOL = 9:7. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 13:5:11:
11, segment three about 2.4 X as long as thick. Pronotum angulate behind.
SMC3 petiolate. SGP of moderate breadth, tapering to a sharp angle apically.
Genitalia with the parameres much expanded apically, the tip acute, the sub-
basal squama strongly developed; digiti smoothly rounded apically, covered with
short setae; parapenial lobes slender, curved; aedoeagus simple, slightly ex-
panded apically.

Paratypes. — SANTO DOMINGO: 1 ¢?, no further data [BMNH].
Mona IsLaAnpb: 1 2, April 1935 [MCZ].

Variation. — The female paratypes are slightly larger than the
allotype (both about 9 mm., fore wing 7.0-7.2 mm.). Both speci-
mens have the abdomen entirely orange-brown except the apical two
segments somewhat infuscated; in both these specimens SMC3 is
petiolate. In both paratypes the third antennal segment is relatively
somewhat shorter, subequal in length to the first two together, meas-
uring .80-.82 X UID. In the Mona Island specimen the front is
wider than in the other two, MID measuring .57 X TFD. These
specimens otherwise agree rather closely with the allotype.

Remarks. — The female of this species bears a strong resemblance
to ambiguus Dahlbom (=coruscus Smith), with which the species
has been confused. The males lack the pale band on the pronotum
and the setae on the venter found in ambiguus. The terminalia are
distinctive, but both the SGP and genitalia show features in common
with the widely distributed North American species cylindricus. It is
interesting that the cylindricus females reported on an earlier page
from the east coast of Mexico are especially like hispaniolae: the col-
oration is similar, the front narrower than usual in cylindricus, and
the erect hair of the propodeum reduced.

Subgenus CAMERONOPLIUS new subgenus
Type species: Pompilus (Aporus) decorus Cameron, 1893.

Subgeneric characters. — Known species wholly black except males with
a whitish stripe along posterior margin of pronotum; body moderately hairy,
the propodeum with a few erect hairs which are whitish in the males. Clypeus
truncate apically. Propodeum with a steep declivity posteriorly in both sexes.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

326 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Female without a tarsal comb, in fact with only about three small spines on the
basitarsus other than apical ones, and with none but the apical spines on the
second segment; legs otherwise quite spinose, the apical tarsal segments spined
beneath in the female. Last segment of front tarsus of male slightly asymmetri-
cal, weakly lobed in inner margin, the claw on this side strongly curved, its
inner ray rounded; all other claws of male and all claws of female bifid, the
inner ray truncate. Pulvillar pad and comb well developed, as usual in this
genus. Fore wing with transverse median and basal veins interstitial; marginal
cell removed from wing tip by slightly more than its own length; second inter-
cubital vein missing, so that there are only two SMCs, the second large, receiv-
ing both recurrent veins; hind wing with anal vein meeting media at or slightly
beyond origin of cubitus (fig. 20). Apical abdominal tergite of female with
numerous strong bristles (15-20). Male venter smooth, without hair-tufts;
SGP tectiform, rounded apically, without strong setae on the disc or margin;
genitalia with the parameres straight, rather wide, tapering toward the apex,
basal hooklets single.

Distribution. — Central Mexico. Known only from the type
species.

Remarks. — Cameron’s decorus is clearly an Anoplius in the
broad sense, but it cannot be placed in Anoplius sensu stricto in spite
of the lack of a tarsal comb in the female; the claws and the venation
are unusual, the shape of the propodeum different, the parameres of
the male genitalia quite unlike those of any true Anoplius. On the
whole, decorus is more like an aberrant Arachnophroctonus, and 1
would expect it to have evolved from that subgenus independently of
Anoplius sensu stricto.

Anoplius (Cameronoplius) decorus (Cameron) new combination

Pompilus (Aporus) decorus Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II,
p. 190 [Type: 2, Mexico: GUERRERO: Xucumanatlan, July, 7000
feet (HHS) (BMNH, no. 19, 751)].

Pompilus decorus Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., VIII, p. 284.

Description of type female. — Length 12 mm.; fore wing 9.4 mm. Black,
pubescence strongly reflecting bluish over entire body and legs; wings mod-
erately infuscated, fore wing with a darker outer marginal band. Erect setae
abundant on temples and propleura, rather sparse on front, vertex, pronotum,
and propodeum; front coxae setose but other coxae bare; abdominal sternites
setose, especially toward the apex, apical tergite setose, some of the setae thick,
bristly. Clypeus 2.2 X as broad as high, broadly truncate below. Head 1.12 X
as wide as high; vertex nearly straight across between eye tops, actually very
weakly convex behind ocellar triangle. Front narrow, MID .54 X TFD, .72 X

HOWARD E. EVANS 327

HE; UID .85 X LID. POL:OOL = 3:2, front angle of ocellar triangle about
a right angle. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 15:5:20:17,
segment three .93 X UID. Pronotum short, subangulate behind. Postnotum
transversely linear. Propodeum with the slope high, then abruptly declivous
behind, the declivity weakly concave. Tarsal comb lacking and claws bifid, as
described under subgeneric heading; wings as described under subgeneric head-
ing and as shown in figure 20.

Plesiallotype. — 6, Mexico: Moretos: 3 mi. N Alpuyeca,
3400 feet, 9 May 1959 (HEE) [MCZ].

Description of plesiallotype male. —- Length 6 mm.; fore wing 5.6 mm.
Black, posterior margin of pronotum with a pale yellow stripe, interrupted
medially; wings subhyaline, with a darker outer marginal band. Pubescence
dark and rather strongly reflecting bluish, except conspicuously silvery as fol-
lows: head, pronotum, coxae and much of pleura, sides of scutellum, metano-
tum, propodeum except sides, indistinct basal bands on first two tergites, and
very conspicuous silvery pubescence on apical four tergites. Front with rather
dense, light brown hairs; temples and propleura with dense whitish hair, pro-
podeum with a few white hairs on each side. Clypeus twice as broad as high,
truncate below. Head about 1.12 X as wide as high, the vertex arched gently
above the eye tops. Inner orbits diverging above, UID 1.2 X LID; MID .65 X
TED; ocelli in a broad triangle, front angle greater than a right angle, POL
very slightly exceeding OOL. First feur antennal segments in a ratio of about
15:5:9:10, segment three 1.5 X as long as wide. Pronotum broadly angulate
behind. Propodeum sloping weakly in front, rather steeply declivous on pos-
terior fourth. Wings as in figure 20. Abdominal venter with a few scattered,
suberect setae. SGP tectifsrm, bearing a few suberect setae medially. Geni-
talia (fig. 40) with the parameres widest about two-thirds the distance from the
base, the squama large but not projecting; digiti slender, with a few weak setae,
base of digiti also with a few setae; parapenials straight, slightly widened
apically.

Distribution. — Known only from Guerrero, Morelos, and Puebla,
and from a specimen taken at quarantine at Brownsville, Texas.
(Map 59.)

Specimens examined. —2 22,4 6 6. GUERRERO: | 2, Xucu-
manatlan, 7000 feet [type, BMNH]. More os: 3 464, 3 mi. N
Alpuyeca, 3400 feet, 3 April and 9 May 1959 (HEE) [MCZ, CU].
PUEBLA: 1 2,3 mi. N Petlalcingo, 21 Aug. 1963 (FDP, LS) [UCD].
Texas: 1 ¢, Brownsville, in auto from Mexico, 7 March 1952
[USNM].

Variation. — The female from Puebla is much smaller than the
type (7.5 mm., fore wing 6.5 mm.) and has a broader front (MID

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

328 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

.59 X TFD) and shorter antennae (third segment only .77 X UID).
There is only a small amount of very fine, short hair on the pro-
podeum and only a few strong bristles on the apical tergite. The
Morelos males are very similar to one another in size, color of pu-
bescence, and all structural details. The male taken at quarantine
is considerably larger (9 mm., fore wing 7.5 mm.) and has less of
the pubescence silvery, the propodeum having dark pubescence in
front, also the vertex, parts of the pronotum, and most of the pleura
having dark, bluish pubescence. The genitalia and other structural
features are very similar to those of the plesiallotype; the head has
been partially eaten by dermestids, so I have been unable to compare
the standard head measurements.

Subgenus ANOPLIUS Dufour

Anoplius Dufour, 1934, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2: 483 [Type species: Pompilus
niger Fabricius ( = nigerrimus Scopoli); designated by Fox, 1901].
— Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 224. — Dreisbach, 1950,
Amer. Midl. Nat., 43: 574-590. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., 76: 325-357.

Pompilioides Radoszkowski, 1887, Horae Ent. Soc. Ross., 21: 94 [Type species:
Pompilioides unicolor Radoszkowski; designated by Ashmead, 1902].

Aphiloctenus Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 87 [Type species: Pompilus
virginiensis Cresson, 1867; monobasic].

Subgeneric characters. — American species wholly black or blue-black;
propodeum usually with erect hair; venter of male at least slightly hairy, often
with dense brushes of hair. Clypeus truncate or very weakly emarginate.
Propodeum with the slope rather low and even, especially in the male, in this
sex without a distinct declivity. Female without a tarsal comb, the front basi-
tarsus sometimes with strong spines but the second segment with only one or
two minute spines on the outer side. Last segment of front tarsus of male
slightly to rather strongly lobed on the inner margin. Transverse median vein
of fore wing meeting the media beyond the origin of the basal; SMC3 nar-
rowed above, rarely petiolate. Genitalia with the parameres slender in most
species; digiti of variable shape; basal hooklets strong, single; aedoeagus fairly
broad, somewhat bilobed apically.

Distribution. — Chiefly Holarctic, but with a few species enter-
ing the tropics of both the New World and the Old World.

Remarks. — Seven species of this subgenus occur in Mexico and
Central America, all but two of them occurring also in the United
States. Five of these species belong to the illinoensis species-group,

HOWARD E. EVANS 329

one oi the most difficult complexes in this subfamily. Resolution of
the Mexican members of this complex has necessitated reopening a
number of problems relating to the U. S. species. In my treatment
of the subgenus in 1951 I incorrectly placed papago in the synonymy
of tarsatus; actually papago has proved to be a widespread species and
something of a key to the understanding of the remainder of the com-
plex. Also, tarsatus should be regarded as a full species rather than
as a subspecies of ventralis and should be called by the earlier name
toluca Cameron. It is now also apparent that elongatus Dreisbach,
1950, is a good species; I have seen specimens from three localities
in Minnesota and Michigan, including one female, and feel that I was
in error in placing this species in the synonymy of ventralis.

The following key to females includes only those species occur-
ring in Mexico and Central America. However, the key to males in-
cludes all American species where the males are known; only the
Mexican and Central American species are discussed in the text ex-
cept for dreisbachi, a new species described from western United
States. A few of the characters used perhaps require clarification.
In the males, the term squama is used for the thick basal section of
the paramere, which terminates in more or less of a knob bearing
strong setae; beyond the squama the paramere is slender and often
somewhat tapering. The front basitarsus of the female bears two
rows of spines, the upper and lower rows (see Fig. 166 in my 1951
paper); in counting the spines in these rows, the spines at the apex

the median row beneath the hind basitarsus, the spines at the extreme
apex of the segment are not counted.

Key to Species
Females

1. Claws bifid, the tooth sloping outward, the claws of each pair unequal, the
inner claw much larger than the outer; stigma rather large ..................

BeBe cc COC BOS ORS IC ESCCE EE BORE ee Po CETTE ne nO EEF E EE REE eer ithaca (Banks)
Claws normal, the tooth short and erect, the inner claws not larger than
the outer claws

2. Ground color of body brilliant, deep Prussian blue; front and vertex nar-
row, the third antennal segment usually greater than UID ....................005

SSeS atone Oo SARGAE COA Gan demos aecin GOGO SE CAC OOCSACAEO TET. SERS ERE RPA REE Ee fulgidus (Cresson)

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

330 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Ground color of body black, overlaid by a pubescence which is often
bluish; third antennal segment often (but not always) shorter than UID

suih'on itusade slveain atest aavadunc icons baceedeus aoe cet aes Betas Soeme een Seneneec ore eee ce ee 3

3. Eyes not or barely convergent above, i.e., UID is subequal to LID; a small
species, up to 10 mm.; third antennal segment subequal to or slightly
longer than first two together .............cccccsssscccceessssseeeeseeeees imbellis Banks

Eyes distinctly convergent above, UID not more than .94 X LID; third
antennal segment distinctly longer than first two together; length 8.5-14

4. Front basitarsus weakly spined, the spines of the upper row minute, often
visible with difficulty, those of the lower row fairly strong; third an-
tennal segment equal to .90-1.15 X UID; slope of propodeum rather low
AMG EVEM: nib ad.coshscccchs oasandecces dueseeece oes soeee eee ates simulans (Cresson)

Front basitarsus more strongly spined, at least one spine in the upper row
at least half as long as the width of the basitarsus; third antennal seg-
ment .80-1.03 X UID; slope of propodeum somewhat higher .............. 5

5. Front barely wider than the two eyes taken together, MID .52-.55 X TED,
./2-.80 X eye height; vertex passing straight across between the eye tops
POE eee SER Cee E ar dO CO EC SOF Cerin SoDanog odcudbebanbacaadondpobbddesSbacUsatcbo papago Banks

Front distinctly wider than the two eyes taken together, MID .55-.59 X
TED, generally more than .80 X eye height; vertex broader, forming a
weak arc which extends very slightly above the tops of the eyes .......... 6

6. Pubescence tending to be rather coarse, so as to form a strong bluish over-
lay to the black integument; longer spur of hind tibia .52-.63 X the
length of the hind basitarsus (mean .58); spines in median row beneath
hind basitarsus numbering 6 to 10 (mean 7.7); a widespread species ......
SO nee Reece Soe S ESE Sore OT pEOR coscacuadeennncopasioss dobsononénoeaonoooace toluca (Cameron)

Pubescence somewhat more fine, although of similar color; longer spur of
hind tibia .58-.67 X the length of the basitarsus (mean .62); spines in
the median row beneath the hind basitarsus rather crowded, numbering
from 9 to 14 (mean 11.5); known only from central Mexico ..................

alticola (Cameron)

Males *°

1. Venter without dense brushes of long, erect hairs, smooth or with brushes
of short, less dense, semierect hairs; last segment of front tarsus only

slightly produced on the inner margin (nigerrimus group) .............--.-- D}
Venter with dense brushes of long, erect hair on some of the sternites;
last segment of front tarsus variable ..............ccccceeeeeeeceececeeeececeeceeneeneeenes 7

23 This is a modification and expansion of the key I presented in 1951. The
first six couplets are virtually the same, but beyond that there are many changes.
The key includes all American species where the males are known. The males of
the following four South American species are unknown: perpilosus Banks, davisi
Banks, minor Banks, and machachiensis (Cameron).

HOWARD E. EVANS 331

Integument a brilliant deep Prussian blue; SGP very broad, the surface flat
or somewhat folded medially, clothed, especially along the outer margin,
with moderately long setae ..............eeeceeeeesnreeceeeeeeeeees fulgidus (Cresson)

Integument black; SGP not exactly as abOVE ............cceccceecccceeceeeessssseeeeeess 3

Stigma large, at least a third as long as the marginal cell; SGP very broad,
folded roof-like beneath the tip of the abdomen; parameres unusually

SILO THe ees Ne aa e Pascettania a Maca US cee ua cen ithaca (Banks)
Stigma smaller, only a small fraction of the length of the marginal cell:
SGP at most of moderate breadth; parameres longer ....................000006 4

SGP moderately broad, strongly elevated medially; venter rather hirsute,
but the setae showing little tendency to form brushes; parameres mod-

GIREUISI NY?” LOT ROFENGU Gasscaaocceccocesaceccon5cnece sce Osa acoce OE CEC ESE EC--oB eee CCECERTT Pree EREE EERE 5
SGP slender and acute apically; setae on sternites 3 to 5 fairly dense, tend-
ing to form weak brushes; parameres slender ..................cs00sesecceceeeeeeeees 6

Propodeum hairy; SMC3 wide above; digiti broad, subspatulate ..................
Ree REL TRE SR OAS etm R i RE UN AME A I a depressipes Banks
Propodeum not or but slightly hairy; SMC3 triangular or nearly so, some-
times petiolate; digiti very slender .....................0000 nigerrimus (Scopoli)
SMC3 narrowed above but rarely triangular, never petiolate; SGP acutely
pointed apically; parameres not much if any exceeding the other ap-
pendages of the genitalia ................eeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeee virginiensis (Cresson)
SMC3 triangular, usually petiolate; SGP extremely slender and attenuate
apically; parameres very strong, much exceeding the other appendages
TRA e Creep Se SECC REECE COSCO EE DEE SLCC O TCO OLE EEE CEC CEE PCR PREC hispidulus Dreisbach
Last segment of front tarsus weakly modified, widest near its apex; SGP
with nearly parallel sides and with the apex rather evenly rounded, not
strongly elevated medially (fig. 79); digiti with some setae on the upper,
inner margin which are directed strongly upward (fig. 45) (simulans
EATON) ace ceccceeconcoscecscoscoscaces Sbcnclckcr aasehoceo doc ccc RoScu cone OME rere ar ese reeTrrarre rE 8
Last segment of front tarsus strongly lobed in the margin, this segment
widest about half the distance from base to apex; terminalia variable,
rarely exactly as above (i/linOeNsis QLOUP) ..........:.sccccccceeeeeeeseeeeeseeeeeeees 9
Pubescence silvery only on the head and to a limited extent on the posterior
rim of the propodeum; digiti extremely slender and attenuate apically
(CRUTEAZATI\ « Saaaenuomeaacecnoten sense ae sdee soaeoteeeececcer cece BecBbc to asoacerenestccae angustus Banks
Pubescence silvery over much of the thoracic pleura, coxae, and posterior
half of the propodeum; digiti much less attenuate apically (figs. 45, 46)
(Mexicorito: Bamamiay))s.c.sc.cccce se ccecesesteeses sees eesecsusaczsones simulans (Cresson)
Coxae (in most specimens) in part silvery-pubescent; digiti extremely slen-
der, only slightly wider on the apical part than at the basal stem; SGP

very slender (species of northern distribution) .................eeeeeeeeeeeeeees 10
Coxae without silvery pubescence; digiti somewhat spindle-shaped, the
apical portion always considerably wider than the basal stem ............ 11

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

332

10.

il.

14.

IS.

16.

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Propodeum not or barely hairy; SMC3 small, triangular or petiolate; para-
meres small (known only from Minnesota and Michigan) ......................
BEEBE ESSE RCCRS CEC OE rE RE SEE nas oper desconr cee meScodonGasiSasoboonancdmaebaogRS elongatus Dreisbach

Propodeum with at least a few dark, erect hairs; third submarginal cell
larger, occasionaliy triangular; parameres large, quite long and rather
wide near the: base (Hlolanrctic) iesc.tortsstescenscsencctecerete contenant een eee
.. tenuicornis (Tournier) (= piliventris Morawitz, basalis Dreisbach) 2+

Ventral hair-brushes, as seen from the side, strongly discontinuous, as the
brush on S4 is absent from a wide posterior area of that sternite and is
thus well separated from that on S5; pubescence strongly bluish; geni-
talia-assin floune ys On Geet. srcscseeeee eee ee toluca (Cameron)

Ventral hair-brushes, as seen from the side, continuous along S4 and 5 or
very narrowly separated, the brush on S4 absent from only a very nar-
TOW posterior DOEVTATIN Oe (OBE SUSTADVIIS cocoosseoso2no2enccodcancaonAdaoessHsDoStacEEscCcoS 12

Hair brush on $5 discontinuous across the sternite, i.e., separated into two
lateral tufts; inner margin of digiti with a strip which is devoid of setae
2isgetiagae eBe s ustcinn sae te RECS ne SS CRONGE ER EEEE Ser ERC EERE CE Coe ventralis (Banks)

Hair brush on SS continuous across the sternite although the hairs are
shorter medially; digiti without a bare strip along the inner margin .... 13

SGP but weakly elevated medially, the sides tapering gradually to a nar-
rowly rounded apex, the outer margin fringed with an even row of stout
bristles; a small species, 5-9 mim. ................ccsseersccceeeeeceeees imbellis Banks

SGP more elevated medially, the apical portion somewhat bushy-haired,
not margined with an even row of stout bristles ....................seeeeeeeeees 14

$3 with a strong brush of hairs, nearly as strong as that on S4; genitalia
and subgenital plate approximately as shown in figures 47 and 81 .... 15

S3 with at most a moderate number of oblique hairs, not forming a brush
nearly as strong as that on S4; genitalia not wholly as above ............ 16

Pubescence weakly to moderately bluish, silvery on the sides of the lower
front (except in most eastern U. S. specimens); setae on digiti in con-
siderable part strongly bent (fig. 47) ..........:::eceeessssseeeeeeees papago Banks

Pubescence wholly intensely bluish, not silvery on the front; setae on digiti
Straleht (Colombia Ecuador) recssescrccccesennerceeeee eee ea reece eee eee
sepeceon ambatoensis (Cameron) (= bolivari Banks, = williamsi Banks)

Scape and propodeum not or only very slightly hairy, S3 also weakly if at
all hairy; inner margin of digitus with a strong group of setae which are
directed mesad! <..22icsesnecsseeee steer eee illinoensis (Robertson)

Scape and propodeum prominently hairy; S3 with a number of fairly strong
setae, forming a weak brush; inner margin of digitus with relatively few
setae which are strongly directed mesad ...............cccceeeeeessenerececeeeeereeees 17

24 Since European workers now seem agreed that piliventris should be regarded

as a synonym of tenuicornis, North American workers may as well follow suit (see
Wolf, 1963, Opuscula Ent., 28: 138).

HOWARD E. EVANS 333

17. Pubescence wholly dark; SGP relatively narrow (fig. 80); inner margin
of digitus rather convex on outer part, the digiti clothed with short, stiff

Setaeu (hor A Si (NIEXI CO) eee ces cecewenec cose es seveevecaeessese- alticola (Cameron)
Pubescence silvery on sides of lower front; SGP with rather wide, weakly
pigmented side-pieces (as in fig. 81); digiti more spindle-shaped, with
somewhat longer setae (fig. 49) (western U.S.) .......... dreisbachi n. sp.

Males of the illinoensis complex may be grouped as follows with
reference to the shape of the digiti of the genitalia:

Digiti extremely slender: piliventris, elongatus

Digiti narrowly spindle-shaped, their inner margin gently con-
cave: toluca, ventralis, dreisbachi

Digiti broader, their inner margin convex just below the apex:
alticola, papago, ambatoensis, imbellis, illinoensis

Anoplius (Anoplius) ithaca (Banks)

Psammochares ithaca Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 224 [Type: 2
New York: Ithaca, 1-7 July (MCZ, no. 13, 699)].

Anoplius selkirkensis Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 234 [Type: °,
BriTIsH COLUMBIA: Selkirk Mts., 14 Aug. 1905 (J. C. Bradley) (CU,
no. 685)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Anoplius (Anoplius) ithaca Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 336-339.

?

Female. — Length 5.5-11 mm. Black; wings subhyaline basally, becoming
rather heavily clouded toward the apex; body with a rather variable amount of
silvery pubescence, usually silvery at least on the front, hind coxae, and pos-
terior part of the propodeum. Body, including the propodeum, with moderately
abundant erect hair. Clypeus about 3 X as broad as high; MID .56-.62 X TFD;
eyes distinctly convergent above, UID .85-.90 X LID; vertex nearly straight
across. Antennae elongate, third segment much longer than first two together,
equal to from .70 to 1.0 X UID. Legs rather strongly spinose. Claws of each
pair asymmetrical, the inner claw being larger than the outer and virtually as
long as the last tarsal segment; inner ray of claws subparallel to outer ray but
much shorter. Stigma very large; SMC3 wide above.

Male. — Length 4.5-9 mm. Black; wings hyaline or nearly so, fore wing
darkened apically; head and thorax usually extensively silvery-pubescent. Body
moderately hairy, the propodeum usually somewhat hairy, but the venter with
only sparse, suberect setae. Clypeus 2.6-3.0 X as wide as high; MID .61-.66 X
TFD; eyes diverging slightly if at all above. Last segment of front tarsus less
than twice as long as its maximum width; claws of each pair only slightly un-
equal. SGP very wide, strongly folded along the median line so as to form a
roof-like surface beneath the genitalia. Genitalia with the parameres unusually
short, only about half the length of the other appendages; digiti angled midway,

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

334 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

long and tapering beyond the angulation; parapenial lobes slender, nearly as
lcng as the aedoeagus (see figs. 15 and 16 in Dreisbach, 1950; also fig. 107 in
Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — Throughout most of North America, but confined
to the shores of streams and other bodies of water, especially where
there are stones. The known range extends from the Yukon to Maine,
south to Georgia, northern Mexico, and California. (Map 59.)

Mexican specimens examined. —2 ? 2. NUEVO LEON: 1 2, 6
mi. S Monterrey, 12 Aug. 1959 (AM & LS) [UCD]; 1 2°, General
Teran, 19 July 1954 (RRD) [MSU].

Anoplius (Anoplius) fulgidus (Cresson)

Pompilus fulgidus Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 4: 131 [Type: 2°,
Cusa (ANSP, no. 562) ]. — Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Acad. Nat.
Hist., 12: 367 (Orizaba, Mexico). — Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-
Amer., Hymen. II, p. 199. — Fox, 1895, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2)
5: 265 (Baja Calif.).

Pompilus aeneopurpureus Fox, 1891, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 18: 339 [Type:
9, JaMaIcA: Portland (ANSP, no. 561)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Pompilus championi Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 196
[Type: 2, GUATEMALA: Guatemala City, 5000 feet (GCC) (BMNH,
no. 19, 686)]. New synonym (see remarks below).

Pompilus mundulus Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 49: 243-244
[Type: 2, BRAzIL: Chapada, December (CM)]. New synonym.

Anoplius mundulus Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 415 (Brazil,
Ecuador).

Anoplius amarus Banks, 1947, ibid., pp. 416-417 [Type: 9, PERU: Puerto
Pichis, 12-19 July (CU, no. 2533); paratypes from Blairmont, British
Guiana (MCZ)]. New synonym.

Anoplius aenopurpureus [sic] Dreisbach, 1950, Amer. Midl. Nat., 43: 582.

Anoplius (Anoplius) fulgidus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 339-
341.

This widely distributed, rather variable Neotropical species has
been described no less than five times. The type of championi Cam-
eron is actually a “humbug”, as the head of the type of imperialis
Cameron is glued to the thorax and abdomen of the type of championi
(and vice versa). In each case I consider Cameron’s name to apply
to the species making up the major part of the specimen, through
which the specimen is pinned.

HOWARD E. EVANS 335

Female. — Length 7.5-14 mm. Integument deep Prussian blue, overlaid
by a fine pubescence which varies from bluish to cinereous, often silvery on the
front, base of the mandibles, and hind coxae; wings moderately to heavily in-
fuscated, reflecting metallic colors. Body moderately hairy, the propodeum
with numerous strong, dark setae. Clypeus 2.2-2.5 X as wide as high, apical
margin rounded laterally, truncate or weakly concave medially. Front narrow,
MID .52-.55 X TFD; UID .80-.90 X LID; ocelli in a compact triangle, the
front angle less than a right angle, POL:OOL = 3:4. Antennae slender, third
segment much longer than first two together and equal to .95-1.25 X UID.
Front basitarsus weakly spined, the spines in the upper row minute, bristle-like,
sometimes barely visible. SMC3 narrowed by .5-.9 above.

Male. — Length 6-10 mm. Color of integument and pubescence as in
female, the pubescence always silvery on the lower front, clypeus, and base of
mandibles, often also on the coxae, propodeum, and elsewhere; fore wings
moderately infuscated, darker apically, reflecting metallic colors; hind wings
subhyaline, darker apically. Propodeum with numerous dark erect hairs;
venter with moderately abundant short, suberect setae, not long or dense
enough to form brushes. Clypeus about twice as broad as high; front rela-
tively narrow; UID subequal to or slightly greater than LID; ocelli as in female.
Last segment of front tarsus about twice as long as its greatest width. SMC3
strongly narrowed above, usually subtriangular. SGP broad, the surface covered
with short, erect setae and the margin fringed with somewhat longer setae, the
median line barely to fairly strongly elevated. Genitalia with the parameres
nearly or quite as long as the parapenial lobes; digiti slender, directed mesad
apically, covered with setae of moderate length; base of digitus with several
short setae; basal hooklets single, but each somewhat doubled at its tip ue 44:
see further remarks below, under “variation”’).

Distribution. — Peru and Brazil north through the Antilles and
Central America to Florida, Texas, Utah, and California. For U. S.
records see Evans, 1951, for South American records Banks, 1947,
under mundulus and amarus. J have seen specimens from all the
major islands of the Greater Antilles, also from St. Thomas in the
Virgin Islands. (Map 60.)

Mexican and Centrai American specimens examined. — 26 2 2,
30 6 6. BAJA CALIFORNIA: 1 2, San José del Cabo [CAS]: 1 ¢,
Las Parras, Oct. 1923 (W. M. Mann) [USNM]. Sonora: 1 ¢,
Aduana, 15 Mch. 1962 (LS) [UCD]. Srnatoa: 1 ¢, 13 mi. N
Culiacan, 17 Mch. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Duranco: 1 2, Nombre
de Dios, 25 June 1952 (EG) [CIS]. Nurvo LEon: 1 ¢, Canyon
de Voca, Monterrey, 12 Aug. 1953 [ENAC]; 1 ¢?, 4 mi. W El Cer-
cado, 6 June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. San Luts Potosi (recorded by

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

336 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Evans, 1951). PUuEBLA: 2 6 6,3 mi. NW Petlalcingo, 3 Apr. 1962
(LS) [UCD]. Moretos: 2 ¢ °, Cuernavaca, April, June 1959,
5500 feet (HEE) [MCZ, CU]; 2 6 ¢, 5 mi. E Cuernavaca, Mch.
May 1962 (LS, FDP) [UCD]; 1 ¢, 6 mi. S Temixco, 30 Mch. 1962
(LS) [UCD]; 2 22,9 848, 3 mi. N Alpuyeca, Mch.-May 1959,
3400 feet (HEE) [MCZ, CU]. MIcHOACAN: 1 2, 7 mi. S Tumbis-
catio, 1 Dec. 1950 (RFS) [AMNH]. Nayarit: 1 ?, Compostela,
14 Feb. 1934 [MCZ]. GUERRERO: 2 2 2,2 6 6, Xalitla, 20 Mch.
1959, 1500 feet (HEE) [CU, MCZ]. VERACRUZ: 4 22,1 4, 14
mi. SE San Andres Tuxtla, 1600 feet, 24 June 1961 (G. Byers)
[KU]; 1 ¢, 1 ¢, Orizaba, Feb., Aug. (RRD) [MSU]. Caxtapas: 2
é 6, nr. Ocosingo, 9 Mch. 1953 (RCB & EIS) [CIS]; 1 2, Tuxtla
Gutierrez, 27 Sept. 1961 (FPM) [ENAC]. GUATEMALA: 3 4 4,
Concepcion, 1400 feet (C. N. Ainslie) [USNM]; 1 4, Livingston,
18 Feb. 1905 (C. C. Deam) [USNM]; 1 2, Guatemala City, 5000
feet (GCC) [BMNH]. Honpuras: 1 2, Puerto Cortez, 26 Apr.
1917 (F. J. Dyer) [USNM]; 1 ¢, Tegucigalpa, 6 July 1917 [USNM].
EL SALVADOR: 1 2, (So ech Ate) 18 Dee! 1953) (View salazan)
[USNM]; 1 ¢, Los Chorros Nat. Pk., 16 July 1961 (M. Irwin)
[UCD]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢, Turrialba, 20 May 1951 (O. L. Cart-
wright) [USNM]; 1 ¢, 12 mi. SW Cafias, Guanacaste Prov., 27 Feb.
1964 (HEE) [MCZ]. PaNaMa: 1 2, Rio Corona, 2000 feet, 3 May
1952 (CWR) [KU]; 1 951 ¢@, La Chorrera, 12 Apr 19125
Busck) [USNM].

Variation. — Females are reasonably similar in appearance
throughout northern South America and north through Central
America to Texas and California. Females from the Antilles and
Florida average smaller in size and are more intensely blue (especially
noticeable on the legs); they also have the third antennal segment
not much if any greater than UID. The males show a disconcerting
amount of variation in the terminalia. The SGP is almost perfectly
flat in most continental and some Cuban specimens, but some Cuban
and all other West Indian males I have seen have the median line
distinctly elevated, especially basally; these males also tend to have
the erect setae on the plate somewhat longer (several Morelos males
are also of this type). In specimens from Mexico and Texas the
digitus is typically very slender and bears strong setae which are often
in part longer than the width of the digitus (fig. 44). Specimens

HOWARD E. EVANS B3i

Map 60

@ Anoplius (Anoplius) fulgidus (Cresson)
(also occurs in southern U.S., West Indies,
and northern So. America)

from the Antilles other than Cuba tend to have shorter parameres
and the digitus less strongly curved and more acute apically (see fig.
7 in Dreisbach, 1950), while in some Cuban and Florida specimens
the parameres are broader and have much shorter setae (as in fig.
109 in Evans, 1951). Clearly this matter will repay further study.
It may be found desirable to resurrect some of the names placed in
synonymy above as subspecific names or as names of sibling species.

Anoplius (Anoplius) imbellis Banks

Anoplius imbellis Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 94: 169 [Type: °,
OREGON: Corvallis (HAS) (CAS, no. 5954)].— Dreisbach, 1950,
Amer. Midl. Nat., 43: 583, 590.

Anoplius imbellis var. major Dreisbach, 1950, ibid., pp. 581-582 [Type: ¢.,
VIRGINIA: Falls Church, 29 June (NB) (MCZ, no. 28, 389)]. Syn-
onymy by Evans, 1951.

Anoplius (Anoplius) imbellis Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 348-
350. — Evans, 1956, Ent. News, 67: 8-9.

Anoplius subimbellis Dreisbach, 1952, Amer. Midl. Nat., 48: 155-156 [Type:
$6, VIRGINIA: Falls Church, 11 July (NB) (MCZ, no. 29, 331)].
Synonymy by Evans, 1956.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

338 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Female. — Length 5-10 mm. Black; wings lightly to moderately infus-
cated, darker along outer margin; pubescence dark, usually slightly bluish or
violaceous, sometimes silvery on sides of lower front. Body moderately hairy,
the propodeum always with some rather long, black hairs. Clypeus 2.3-2.5 XK
as broad as high, truncate below. MID .53-.61 X TFD; eyes converging very
little 1f at all above, UID .90-1.05 X LID (usually about .97); POL usually
slightly less than OOL. Third antennal segment subequal to or slightly longer
than first two together, equal to from .65 to .85 X UID. Front basitarsus with
two spines in the upper row, these spines thick but not more than half as long
as the width of the tarsus; lower row with one of the spines nearly as long as the
width of the tarsus. SMC3 narrowed by at least half above, often subtriangu-
lar, the third intercubital vein strongly arched.

Male. — Length 5-9 mm. Black; wings subhyaline or lightly infuscated,
dark apically; pubescence sometimes wholly dark, more often silvery, cinereous,
or light brown on parts of the head, pleura, and leg-bases; propodeum with a
few erect hairs; venter with some strong setae on S3 and with strong brushes of
hair on S4 and 5, these brushes continuous as seen in lateral view, also con-
tinuous across the sternites, although much shorter medially than laterally.
Clypeus 2.2-2.5 X as wide as high; MID .57-.61 X TFD; UID 1.0-1.12 X LID;
POL usually slightly less than OOL. Antennae slender, third segment 2.5-3.0 X
as long as thick, subequal to or slightly greater or less than fourth segment.
Last segment of front tarsus strongly lobed on inner margin. Abdomen with
prominent ventral hair-brushes, as described above. SGP rather weakly ele-
vated medially, tapering evenly to a narrowly rounded apex, the margin beset
with an even row of thick bristles. Genitalia with the parameres generally
slightly shorter than the digiti, with a strong squama bearing large bristles; digiti
angled somewhat mesad apically, the tip acute or subacute, the surface covered
with short or moderately long setae (see fig. 112 in Evans, 1951, also fig. 24
in Dreisbach, 1950, and fig. 23 in Dreisbach 1952).

Distribution. — This species has a remarkably wide range, occur-
ring from Alaska and Northwest Territories to North Carolina and,
at moderate to high elevations, to Costa Rica. Marginal records
from north of Mexico were presented by Evans, 1951. (Map 61.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 17 2 @,
55 66. Nuevo LEon: 1 2, Galeana, 5-6000 feet, 2 Aug. 1939
(R. Haag) [MCZ]. Sonora: 1 ?, Campo Utah, 20 Aug. 1953 (B.
Malkin) [CAS]; 1 ¢, 8 mi. S Peon, 295 mi. S Nogales, 15 Nov. 1955
(E. Bay) [CU]. Basa CaLirornia: 1 ¢, 3 ¢ 6, Descanso, Sept.
1955 (RMB) [UCD]; 1 é, Sierra San Pedro Martir, 6500 feet, 29
May 1958 (W. Patterson) [CIS]. GUANAJUATO: | 4, Yuriria, 6500
feet, 7 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. Mexico: 1 2, 22 8 6, 34 km.
W Toluca, 8500 feet, 9 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ, ENAC, USNM];

HOWARD E. EVANS 339

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@ Anoplius (Anoplius) imbellis Banks x a > vie

(also transcontinental in U.S.)

5 846, Walle de Bravo, 6500 feet, 3 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ].
MoreELos: | ¢, Tepoztlan, 20 Aug. 1956 (RRD) [MSU]; 1 ¢, La-
gunas de Zempoala, 9200 feet, 11 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 6 2 2,
14 8 8, Cuernavaca & vic., Mch.-May (HEE, FDP, LS) [CU, MCZ,
UCD]; 2 ¢ é, Las Estacas, 3000 feet, 6 April 1959 (HEE) [CU,
MCZ]. PursBLa: 1 ?,1 6,5 mi. NE Teziutlan, 4700 feet, 27 June
1953 [KU]; 1 ¢, Puebla, 3 July 1952 (EG & CM) [CIS]. VERa-
CRUZ: 1 6, Jalapa, 28 Sept. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]. CutApas: 3 ¢ °,
San Cristobal las Casas, 26 April-1 May 1959, 7500 feet (HEE)
[CU, MCZ]. GUATEMALA: 2 2? ?, Lake Atitlan, 6000 feet, 27 Feb.
1932 (C. N. Ainslie) [USNM]. Costa Rica: 2 ¢ 6, Corralillo
Irazu, Jan.-Feb. 1924 (F. Tristan) [ANSP].

Variation. — This species shows no noteworthy geographic varia-
tion except that females from Chiapas and Guatemala have the pu-
bescence rather strongly bluish, almost as intense as in foluca. One
notes some slight variation in the length of the parameres, the length
of the setae on the digiti, and the degree to which the tips of the digiti
are drawn out into a point, but this variation appears to bear no
strong correlation with geography. A partial appreciation of this
variation can be obtained by comparing the figures cited above.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

340 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Anoplius (Anoplius) simulans (Cresson)

Pompilus simulans Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 12: 367 [Type:
6, MEXICO: VERACRUZ: Orizaba (F. Sumichrast) (ANSP, no. 557) ].
— Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 200.

Pompilus interstitialis Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, pp. 195-
196 [Type: 2, PANAMA: Volcan de Chiriqui, 2-3000 feet (GCC)
(BMNH, no. 19, 691)]. New synonym.

Anoplius simulans Bradley, 1944, Notulae Naturae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., no.
145, p. 9. — Dreisbach, 1950, Amer. Midl. Nat., 43: 586.

Description of type female of interstitialis. — Length 12 mm.; fore wing
10 mm. Black; pubescence wholly dark, with moderate bluish reflections over
the entire body; wings moderately infuscated, somewhat violaceous. Erect
setae present on clypeus, front, vertex, temples, propleura, front coxae, pro-
notum, and in some abundance on the mesopleura and propodeum; mesonotum,
middle and hind coxae, and femora weakly setose; T1 with short hairs basally,
the other tergites weakly setose except the apical one strongly bristly; venter
prominently setose. Clypeus 2.2 X as wide as high, truncate below. Front
narrow, MID .52 X TFD, 1.10 X LID; UID .81 X LID. POL:OOL = 3:4.
First three antennal segments in a ratio of about 14:5:23, segment three equal
to 1.10 X UID. Vertex passing straight across between eye tops. Pronotum
sharply angulate behind. Slope of propodeum low and even, median line barely
impressed. Front basitarsus weakly spinose, the spines of the upper row mi-
nute, visible with difficulty, two of the three spines of the lower row approxi-
mately as long as the width of the basitarsus. Fore wing with the basal vein
arising slightly basad of the transverse median vein; marginal cell removed from
wing tip by about its own length; SMC3 slightly wider below than second but
more strongly narrowed above because of the strong arcuation of the third
intercubital vein.

Description of a paratype male of simulans. — Length 8 mm.; fore wing
7 mm. Black; wings subhyaline, slightly darker along the outer margin. Pu-
bescence conspicuously silvery on the sides of the lower front and clypeus, base
of the mandibles, temples, coxae, a major portion of the pronotum and meso-
pleura, posterior half of the propodeum, and base of the first abdominal seg-
ment; pubescence elsewhere brownish, obscurely violaceous. Head and pro-
pleura densely hairy; coxae and thoracic dorsum and pleura more hairy than
usual in this subgenus; propodeum with many erect hairs; venter rather hairy,
the hairs on S4 and 5 long and dense, forming brushes which are continuous
in both lateral and ventral aspects, $3 with only a few long setae. Head about
1.17 X as wide as high, vertex forming a gentle arc above the eye tops. Clypeus
2.2 X as wide as high, truncate below. Front of moderate width, MID .63 X
TFD; UID and LID subequal. Ocelli in a compact triangle, OOL about twice
POL. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 5:2:5:5, segment three
about 2.5 X as long as thick. Pronotum sharply angulate behind. Slope of
propodeum rather low and even, median line distinctly impressed. Last seg-
ment of front tarsus rather weakly produced on the inner margin, this segment

HOWARD E. EVANS 341

widest about two-thirds the distance from the base. Longer spur of hind tibia
.9 the length of the basitarsus. Marginal cell removed from wing tip by about
its own length; SMC3 narrowed by .8 above. SGP slender, its sides approach-
ing very gradually to a narrow, subtruncate apex (fig. 79). Genitalia with the
parameres elongate, nearly as long as the parapenials; digiti spindle-shaped,
tapering to an acute apex, covered with slightly curved, mostly upward-directed
setae; base of digitus with one strong seta (fig. 46).

Distribution. — Central Mexico to Panama, chiefly at moderate
or fairly high elevations. (Map 57.)

Specimens examined. — 14 22,16 ¢6 4. SAN Luis Potosi: 1
2,5 mi. W Xilitla, 22 July 1954, 2400 feet (KU Mex. Exped.) [KU].
VERACRUZ: 4 ¢ 8, Orizaba (F. Sumichrast) [type series, ANSP]; 1
2,2 8 8, Orizaba, 12-22 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]; 1 ¢, Cosco-
matepec, 27 Apr. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Moretos: 2 ¢ 3, Cuer-
navaca, 5500 feet, 1 March, 9 July (HEE, RRD) [MCZ, MSU]; 1
6,5 mi. E Cuernavaca, 22 Mch. 1962 (LS) [UCD]. CutApas: 1 ¢,
20 mi. W San Cristobal las Casas, 6000 feet, 3 May 1959 (HEE)
([MCZ]; 2 °°, 1 6, Ixtapa, 11 Apr. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Costa
Rica: 1 6, Mt. Redondo, 1902 [ANSP]; 1 ¢, LaLola, 19 July 1963
(HAS) [OSU]; 1 ¢, Monteverde, 1400 meters, 1 Feb. 1963 (CWR)
[KSU];5 22,3 6,6 mi. W Turrialba, 14-23 July 1963 (HAS)
[OSU]. PANAMA: 3 2 2, Volcan de Chiriqui, 2000-6000 feet, (two
GCC, one without name of collector) [BMNH, CU].

Variation. — The female from Volcan de Chiriqui listed in the
Biologia Centrali-Americana as omiltemensis Cameron is slightly
smaller than the type of interstitialis (9.5 mm., fore wing 8.5 mm.)
but very similar in most respects. The front is slightly broader, MID
measuring .55 X TFD, and the third antennal segment is subequal to
UID. The Mexican females are 8-10 mm. long. In these specimens
MID varies from .50 to .55 X TFD, UID from .90 to 1.15 X UID.

The available males range in size from 6 to 8.5 mm. and are very
similar in pubescence, pilosity, wing venation, and most structural de-
tails. POL:OOL varies from 1:2 to 3:4. In several males, the
brushes of hair on the venter are less strong than described above,
especially on the fifth sternite; the hairs are long, but not especially
dense. The Costa Rica, Morelos, and Chiapas males have terminalia
very similar to those of the type series except that the digiti are slightly
less attenuate apically and have slightly shorter, sparser, and straighter

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

342 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

hairs; the digiti of a Morelos specimen are shown in fig. 45. Dreis-
bach (1950, fig. 8) has presented a photograph of the genitalia of a
paratype other than the one described above, but having virtually
identical genitalia.

Anoplius (Anoplius) alticola (Cameron) new combination

Pompilus alticola Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 194 [Type:
2, Mexico: GUERRERO: Xucumanatlan, 7000 feet, July (HHS)
(BMNH, no. 19, 692) ].

Pompilus alticolus Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., VIII, p. 272.

This species has remained unknown since its description 60 years
ago. Cameron’s type is in good condition, and his allotype male,
although lacking the head, is undoubtedly correctly associated with
the female. This is unquestionably a good species, although sep-
arable with some difficulties from its relatives. The species appears
to occupy a somewhat limited range in the Mexican highlands.

Description of type female. — Length 12 mm.; fore wing 9 mm. Black;
pubescence very fine, with moderately strong bluish reflections; wings fuscous,
violaceous. Erect setae present on clypeus, front, vertex, temples, and pro-
thorax, including front coxae; mesopleura with only scattered short setae; pro-
podeum with numerous fairly long setae; abdomen with strong setae ventrally,
the last tergite with strong bristles. Clypeus 2.5 X as wide as high, the margin
weakly concave. Head 1.10 X as wide as high, the vertex elevated in a weak
are very slightly above the eye tops. Front of moderate width, MID 59 X
TED, 1.17 X LID, .85 K HE; UID .87 X LID. POL:OOL=6:7. First four
antennal segments in a ratio of about 13:4:19:17, segment three .83 X UID.
Pronotum angulate behind. Propodeum with a slightly higher slope and more
distinct declivity than in simulans. Front tarsus fairly strongly spined, the
basitarsus with two strong spines in the upper row (about as long as width of
tarsus) and two somewhat stronger spines in the lower row. Longer spur of
hind tibia .67 X the length of the basitarsus. Fore wing with the basal vein
arising well basad of the transverse median vein; marginal cell removed from
wing tip by 1.2 X its own length; SMC3 slightly wider below than second, but
more strongly narrowed above by the strong arcuation of the third intercubital
vein.

Male. — Length 8-10.5 mm.; fore wing 7-9 mm. Black; pubescence wholly
dark, with moderately strong bluish reflections; wings moderately infuscated,
violaceous, slightly darker along outer margin. Head and prothorax with rather
numerous erect setae; propodeum with a number of prominent setae on each
side; S3 with a number of rather long setae near the posterior margin which
slope backward strongly; S4 and 5 with dense brushes of hairs, continuous in

HOWARD E. EVANS 343

lateral view and also across the sternites, although much shorter medially than
laterally. Clypeus about 2.1-2.3 X as broad as high, truncate below. Head
slightly wider than high, vertex forming a gentle arc slightly above eye tops.
Front of moderately breadth, MID .57-.61 X TFD; UID and LID subequal.
POL:OOL= about 4:5. Third antennal segment nearly 3 X as long as wide,
slightly longer than fourth segment. Slope of propodeum considerably higher
than in simulans; last segment of front tarsus much more strongly lobed than
in that species, the segment widest about midway. Longer spur of hind tibia
.75 X length of basitarsus. Fore wing as described for female; SMC3 usually
nearly triangular. Venter with prominent brushes of hair as described above;
SGP relatively slender, tapering to a narrowly rounded apex (fig. 80). Geni-
talia with the parameres considerably shorter than the parapenials, subequal to
the digiti; digiti characteristically shaped and covered with very short setae;
base of digitus with a single long seta (fig. 48).

Distribution. — This species is known only from Durango to
Guerrero and Oaxaca, at altitudes of between 5000 and 7500 feet.
(Map 62.)

Specimens examined. — 19 ° 2,17 6 6. DURANGO: 1 2,5 m1.
E Coyotes, 4 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. GuANaAsuato: 1 ¢, Yur-
iria, 6500 feet, 7 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 2, Salvatierra, 28
July 1954 (EIS) [CIS]. Mexico: 1 ¢, Chapingo, 28 May 1961
(FPM) [ENAC]. Moretos: 14 22, 12 64, 3 mi. NW Cuer-
navaca, 6500 feet, 24 May-30 June 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 3,

Map 62 : 2 AA

@ Anoplius (Anoplius) alticola (Cameron) X os a
A Pompilus (Xerochares) expulsus Schulz

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

344 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Cuernavaca, 6 June 1957 (CY) [MCZ]; 1 ?, Tepoztlan, 20 Aug.
1956 (RRD) [MSU]. GuErRRERO: 1 2,1 6, Xucumanatlan, 7000
feet (HHS) [BMNH]. Oaxaca: 1 6, 5 mi. E Oaxaca, 13 July 1952
(EG & CM) [CIS].

Variation. — The males exhibit no noteworthy variation except
as expressed in the description above; the ventral hair-brushes are
similar throughout the series, and in no case is there any silvery pu-
bescence on the body. The females vary in size from 9 to 13 mm.;
MID varies from .55 to .59 X TFD, antennal segment three from .80
to .87 X UID. In the females the longer spur of the hind tibia varies
from .58 to .67 X the length of the hind basitarsus (mean .62), while
the number of spines in the median row beneath the hind basitarsus
varies from 9 to 14 (mean 11.5).

Anoplius (Anoplius) papago Banks

Anoplius papago Banks, 1941, Canad. Ent., 73: 120 [Type: ¢, ARIZONA: Tuc-
son (F. H. Snow) (MCZ, no. 25, 263)]. — Dreisbach, 1950, Amer.
Midl. Nat., 43: 584-585. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76:
356 (erroneously placed in synonymy with tarsatus Banks).

Anoplius subtarsatus Dreisbach, 1950, Amer. Midl. Nat., 43: 578-579 [Type:
é, NorTH CAROLINA: Raleigh, 9 May 1940 (D. L. Wray) (N. Car.
Dept. Agri.) ]. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 353 (er-
roneously placed in synonymy with ventralis Banks). New synonym.

Anoplius guatemalensis Dreisbach, 1952, Amer. Midl. Nat., 48: 154-155 [Type:
6, GUATEMALA (no further data) (MCZ, no. 30, 617)]. New
synonym.

Anoplius (Anoplius) papago Evans, 1964, Jour. Kansas Ent: Soc., 37: 304
(biology). .

This species occupies a central position in a difficult complex.
It is very closely related indeed to the preceding species, alticola, but
the range of alticola is included within the much broader range of
papago and the two nevertheless remain distinct. The case of sub-
tarsatus is different; this is an eastern U. S. form supposed to differ
in minor characters from papago. Dreisbach indicated that papago
lacks strong hair-brushes on the third sternite, but this is by no means
the case; he also indicates certain genitalic differences between these
two forms, but his photographs fail to substantiate this. Actually,
eastern U. S. specimens lack silvery pubescence on the head and tend
to have longer setae at the base of the digitus and to average slightly

HOWARD E. EVANS 345

longer parameres. I have examined numerous specimens from the
eastern states and from Kansas, Louisiana, and Texas, and it appears
to me that these minor differences all vary clinally, so that it is not
feasible to maintain subtarsatus as a subspecies of papago. I have
included below all U. S. records for papago known to me, as the
range has not been worked out previously. Separation of eastern
females from the very similar species ventralis is difficult; the front
and vertex of papago females is narrower than in ventralis, and the
third antennal segment about equal to UID.

This species is also closely related to toluca Cameron (= tarsatus
Banks, with which I previously confused it). However, it is broadly
sympatric with that species in Mexico, and the two maintain their
minor differences. North of the range of papago (but still mainly
within the range of toluca) there is another, previously unrecognized
form described on a later page as dreisbachi. The females of this
form are not clearly distinguishable from those of papago, and it
might be asked why this form should not be considered a subspecies
of papago. Possibly it should be, but there are differences in the ven-
tral hair-brushes and genitalia of the males of greater magnitude than
is usually used to separate species in this complex.

Still another closely related form occurs south of the known range
of papago, in Colombia and Ecuador. This is ambatoensis (Cam-
eron), of which I consider bolivari Banks and williamsi Banks to be
synonyms.”? The genitalia and ventral hair-brushes of this form are
strikingly like those of papago, but the setae on the digiti are straight-
er; furthermore it is a decidedly more bluish form than papago, and
the front of the female averages broader. Tentatively I consider
dreisbachi, papago, and ambatoensis to constitute a series of allo-
patric species, which might conveniently be called the papago super-
species. These in turn belong with foluca, alticola, and the eastern
U. S. species illinoensis and ventralis in a very closely knit species
complex, the illinoensis species-group. The last word has surely not
been said on this complex, but I do feel that study of the Mexican

29 Anoplius (Anoplius) ambatoensis (Cameron) is a new combination; this spe-
cies was described from Ambato, Ecuador, at 8600 feet, as Hypoferreola ambato-
ensis (1903, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 29: 229-230). Synonymy of the two Banks’
names is new; bolivari was described from females from Vista Nieve, Colombia, at
S000 feet (1945, Bol. Ent. Venez., 4: 104-105), williamsi from both sexes from
several localities in Ecuador (1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 417-418).

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

346 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

and Central American fauna, particularly the proper definition of
papago, has greatly clarified it.

Female. — Length 9-14 mm.; fore wing 7.5-12 mm. Black; pubescence
very fine, with moderately strong bluish reflections; wings fuscous, violaceous.
Clypeus, front, vertex, and front coxae with numerous setae; temples and pro-
pleura densely hairy; thoracic dorsum with scattered hairs; mesopleura and
propodeum with abundant fine, dark setae; abdomen setose below and on the
apical segments above, the last tergite densely bristly. Clypeus about 2.5 X
as wide as high, truncate or weakly concave below. Head 1.10-1.14 X as
wide as high, the vertex virtually straight across between the eye tops. Front
narrow, barely wider than the two eyes taken together, MID .52-.55 X TED,
1.17-1.23 X LID, .72-.80 X eye height; UID .86-.94 X LID. POL:OOL about
as 9:10. Third antennal segment considerably longer than first two together,
equally from .90 to slightly over 1.0 X UID. Characters of the thorax, wings,
and fore tarsi as described for alticola. Longer spur of hind tibia .52-.63 X
the length of the basitarsus (mean .57); spines in the median row beneath the
hind basitarsus numbering 7 to 11 (mean 8.6).

Male. — Length 6-10.5 mm.; fore wing 5-9 mm. Black; pubescence with
moderately strong bluish reflections, conspicuously silvery on the sides of the
lower front (except in eastern U. S. specimens); wings moderately infuscated,
darker along the outer margin. Head and prothorax with numerous erect
setae; propodeum prominently hairy; S2 usually with a few setae, $3-5 with
strong brushes of hairs which are continuous across the sternites, although
shorter medially; in lateral view these hair-brushes are broad, continuous or
very slightly separated at the intersegmental lines. Clypeus 2.1-2.4 X as wide
as high, truncate below. Head subcircular in anterior view, slightly wider than
high, vertex arched very gently above the eye tops. Front rather narrow, MID
.54-.59 X TFD; UID 1.0-1.1 X LID; POL:0OL = about 4:5. Third antennal
segment 2.5-3.0 X as long as wide, slightly longer than fourth segment in most
specimens. Features of thorax differing in no notable way from those of alti-
cola; longer spur of hind tibia .70-.80 X length of hind basitarsus. Venter with
strong brushes of hairs on $3-5, as described above. SGP with the median
portion narrowly elevated, hirsute, the apex narrowly rounded; toward the base,
the sides of the plate flare out considerably and are unpigmented (fig. 81).
Genitalia with the parameres shorter than the digiti, the portion beyond the
squama 2.0-2.6 X as long as the width at the squama (except eastern U. S.
specimens sometimes up to 3.0, and the parameres actually exceeding the digiti
slightly); digiti shaped much as in alticola, but with much longer setae most
of which curve strongly upward (fig. 47; see also figs. 22 and 28 in Dreisbach,
1950, and fig. 18 in Dreisbach, 1952).

Distribution. — Costa Rica to Arizona, toward the south chiefly
at moderate to fairly high elevations (3000-9000 feet), also east to
Florida, north to Kansas and the District of Columbia (Dreisbach

HOWARD E. EVANS 347

reports a paratype of subtarsatus from Stamford, Conn., but I have
not seen this specimen). (Map 63.)

United States specimens examined. — 10 2 2,18 6 8. District
OF COLUMBIA: 2 é 4, Washington, Oct. 1936 (M. S. Vogel) [MCZ].
VIRGINIA: | 4, Glencarlyn, June (NB) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Dyke, May
(NB) [MCZ]. NortH CarRo.Lina: 2 22, 1 6, Highlands, May-
Aug. (Mason, Chillcott) [CNC]. TENNESSEE: 2 ¢ é6, Great Smoky
Mts., May, June 1957 (W. R. M. Mason) [CNC]. Flora: 1 ¢,
Orlando, March [MCZ]. LoulIsiANA: 1 ¢, Darrow, June [MCZ].
KANSAS: | @, Manhattan, May, June (HEE, RHP) [MCZ]; 2 ¢ ¢,
4 6 6, Pottawatomie Co., May, July, Aug. (HEE) [MCZ]. TrExas:
1 2,1 4, Giddings, 6 July 1952 (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 4 ¢, Fedor, June
(Birkman) [MCZ]; 1 3, 6 mi. E San Benito, 9 May 1958 (HEE)
[MCZ]; 1 2, 5 mi. W Fort Davis, 25 July 1947 (B. D. Valentine)
[MCZ]. ARIZONA: | ?, near Dos Cabezas, 17 Sept. 1958 [MCZ];
1 3, Tucson (F. H. Snow) [type, MCZ]; 1 2°, 5 mi. W Portal, 5400
feet, 11 Sept. 1956 (E. Ordway) [AMNH].

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 100 2 ¢,
141 6. DuRANGo: 1 2, Palos Colorados, 8000 feet, 5 Aug. 1947
(Schramel) [AMNH]. Nayarit: 1 2, Vic. Compostela, 34 July
[MCZ]. MicHoacan: | 2, Morelia, 15 July 1956 (RRD) [MSU];
3 2 2, Tuxpan, May, July (HAS, HEE) [OSU, MCZ]. Mexico: 1
2,44 km. W Toluca, 8220 feet, 28 June 1948 (W. Nutting) [MCZ];
Meo rman ee xtapan demlarsaly 4 -lOsOct 19580500 eet (E.G:
Matthews) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, 1 8, Valle de Bravo, 6500 feet, 3 Aug.
1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, 33 km. N Acambay, 7600 feet, 8 Aug.
1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ?, 7 km. S Amecameca, 8000 feet, 12 Aug.
1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 °, W Slope Popocatepetl, 10,000 feet, 31
March 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. Moretos: 80 2 ¢, 131 ¢ 6, Cuer-
navaca and vicinity, March-July 1959, 5000-7500 feet (HEE, RRD)
[CU, MCZ, USNM, MSU]; 1 ¢, Tepoztlan, 15 June 1956 (C. M.
Yoshimoto) [MCZ]; 1 3, Canyon de Lobos, near Yautepec, 13
March 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 ¢ 6, Las Estacas, 3000 feet, 6 April
1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 3, 3 mi. N Alpuyeca, 3400 feet, 9 March
1959 [MCZ]. VERACRUZ: 2 2? 2, Minatitlan, 26 Aug.-1 Sept. 1961
(RRD) [MSU]. Curapas: 1 ¢@, 1 6, 20 mi. W San Cristobal las
Casas, 3 May 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Navenchauc, 2 April 1953
(REBIe EES) CIsis 17259 min S btapecs I Apml 1953 (RCB &

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

348 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Map 63

@ Anoplius (Anoplius) papago Banks
(also transcontinental in U.S.)

EIS) [CIS]; 1 @, 15 mi. NW Comitan, 3 Aug. 1952 (EG & CM)
[CIS]. GUATEMALA: 1 ¢, no specific locality [MCZ]. Honpuras:
1 ¢@, Minas de Oro, Comay, 4000 feet, 1 June (J. B. Edwards)
[MCZ]. Costa Rica: 1 6, Guapiles, July 1915 (D. E. Harrower)
[ANSP].

Variation. — Except for limited variation in size and some struc-
tural details, as expressed above, this species is remarkably uniform
all the way from Arizona to Costa Rica. Several east Texas speci-
mens (e.g., the male from San Benito) are virtually identical to the
type, but most specimens from Texas and Kansas eastward have the
pubescence duller, rather obscurely reflecting bluish. The pubescence
of the lower front is cinereous or obscurely silvery in the Kansas males,
also in most Texas males and that from Louisiana, but it is dark in
specimens from farther east. Typically there are no long setae at the
base of the digitus, but some eastern specimens have one or two fairly
long setae here, and some Kansas and Texas specimens are inter-
mediate in this respect. The parameres of one male from Washington,
D. C., are unusually long (apical part measuring about 3 X as long
as width at squama), but the second male from the same locality is
quite different (apical part measuring only about twice the width at

HOWARD E. EVANS 349

the squama). Thus it appears to be impossible to draw any distinct
line between subtarsatus and papago.

Anoplius (Anoplius) toluca (Cameron)

Pompilus toluca Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, 195 [Type:
2, Mexico: GUERRERO: Xucumanatlan, 7000 feet, July (HHS)
(BMNH, no. 19, 688)].— Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., VIII,
js BAM

Anoplius tarsatus Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 233, 234 [Type:
2, CALIFORNIA: Sherwood, Mendocino Co., 1 July 1907 (CU, no.
686) |. — Dreisbach, 1950, Amer. Midl. Nat., 43: 585, 586. New
synonym.

Anoplius (Anoplius) ventralis tarsatus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
76: 355-357 (in part).

Anoplius (Anoplius) toluca Evans, 1964, Jour. Kansas Ent. Soc., 37: 305
(biology).

Cameron’s toluca, like his alticola, has remained unrecognized by
American workers since its description. Unfortunately the type is
only in fair condition; it is rubbed and somewhat molded, and the
antennae and wings are missing (except for the scape and one hind
wing). The wing illustrated by Cameron cannot possibly go with
this specimen; it is probably a wing of Pompilus scelestus Cresson,
which was described from Guerrero by Cameron as P. omiltemensis.
Also, his figure of the head is poor, and most of the characters he
uses for separating this species from alticola are incorrect. He does
point out, however, that the longer spur of the hind tibia is shorter
than in alticola, and this appears to be valid when used with other
characters for separating these two species. I have not presented a
detailed description of the type specimen below, as it is in too poor
a condition. However, I feel certain that it is a specimen of what
has been called tarsatus Banks. Formerly I considered tarsatus and
ventralis only subspecifically distinct. In the light of present studies
there seems little question that the two are distinct species. The male
genitalia are nearly identical, but the hair-brushes on the venter show
constant differences; I overlooked this earlier because I failed to rec-
ognize papago as a third distinct species in this complex. Specimens
which I formerly considered intergrades between ventralis and tar-
satus | can now assign definitely to one of these three species.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

350 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Female. — Length 8-13 mm.; fore wing 7-11 mm. Black; pubescence
strongly reflecting bluish, tending to be slightly more coarse than in the pre-
ceding two species, such that the black integument is more heavily overlaid
with bluish; wings fuscous, violaceous. Body in general more hairy than in
the preceding two species; head, prothorax, mesopleura, and propodeum with
abundant dark hair; mesonotum with quite a number of hairs, the middle and
hind coxae nearly always noticeably hairy; abdomen setose as in the preceding
two species. Clypeus about 2.5 X as wide as high, truncate or weakly concave
below. Head 1.12-1.15 X as wide as high, the vertex very slightly arched above
the eye tops. Front moderately broad, MID .56-.58 X TED, 1.12-1.20 X LID,
.80-.84 X eye height; UID .86-.94 X LID. POL:OOL about 4:5. Third an-
tennal segment considerably longer than first two together, equal to from .82
to .92 X UID. Pronotum angulate behind; propodeum with a flattened de-
clivity on the posterior third. Front basitarsus fairly strongly spined, the
spines in the upper row usually slightly shorter than the width of the basitarsus,
those in the lower row in part longer. Longer spur of hind tibia .52-.63 X
the length of the basitarsus (mean .58); spines in the median row beneath the
hind) basitarsus numbering 6 to 10 (mean 7.7). Marginal cell of fore wing
1.0-1.3 X its length from the wing tip; SMC3 strongly narrowed above.

Male. — Length 5.5-11 mm.; fore wing 4.6-9 mm. Black; pubescence
wholly dark, strongly reflecting bluish; wings moderately infuscated, darker
along outer margin. Head, thorax, and propodeum with abundant dark setae,
including a few on the thoracic dorsum and usually a few on the middle and
hind coxae; S3 with a few long, slanting setae in a transverse band; S4 with a
stronger transverse band of setae well forward on the sternite, so that there is
a bare space behind it, separating this band widely from the slightly weaker
band on S5; these hair-bands are continuous across the sternites, although
shorter medially. Clypeus 2.2-2.5 X as wide as high. Head subcircular in
anterior view, the vertex forming an even arc above the eye tops; MID .56-
.62 X TFD, UID 1.0-1.2 X LID; POL:OOL about 4:5. Third antennal seg-
ment 2.5-3.0 X as long as wide, in most specimens slightly longer than fourth
segment, Last segment of front tarsus strongly lobed on inner margin, widest
about mid-way of its length. Longer spur of hind tibia .7-.8 X length of hind
basitarsus. SGP essentially as described and figured for papago. Genitalia
with the parameres elongate, exceeding the digiti and nearly or quite as long
as the parapenials, the portion beyond the squama at least 3.5 X the width at
the squama; digiti spindle-shaped, the apex acuminate, the inner margin gently
concave, the disc covered with fairly long, mostly straight setae; base of digitus
with one long seta and a few shorter ones (fig. 50) (fig. 21 in Dreisbach, 1950,
and fig. 115 in Evans, 1951, both purported to represent the genitalia of tar-
satus Banks, actually represent a partially sympatric sibling species described
below as dreisbachi).

Distribution. — California and western Texas to Costa Rica, in
Mexico and Central America chiefly at moderate to fairly high alti-

HOWARD E. EVANS 351

tudes (up to 8000 feet). This species has also been introduced into
the Hawaiian Islands, where it is common. The marginal U. S. rec-
ords presented by Evans in 1951 are of little significance, since three
species were being confused under one name. (Map 64.)

United States specimens examined. —54 22,97 66. CALI-
FORNIA: Plumas, Mendocino, Glenn, Sonoma, Yolo, Placer, Eldo-
rado, Amador, Lake, Marin, Contra Costa, Alameda, Tuolumne,
Monterey, Kern, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los An-
geles, San Bernardino, Riverside, and San Diego Counties, May-Oct.
[MCZ, CIS, CAS]. ARIZONA: Pima, Graham, Cochise Counties,
April-Oct. [MCZ, CU, CIS, AMNH, UA]. New Mexico: 1 2,
Jemez Springs, July (J. Woodgate) [MCZ]. Texas: 1 2,1 6, 6
20 mi. W Ft. Davis, July, Aug. (HEE, B. D. Valentine) [MCZ].

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 32 2 2,
37 6 6. BAJA CALIFORNIA: | 2, San Vicente, 8 July 1963 (JP)
[CIS]. Duranco: 1 ¢é, 5 mi. W Durango, 14 May 1962 (LS)
[UCD]. Hpatco: 1 2&, Guerrero Mills (W. M. Mann) [MCZ].
PUEBLA: | é, 14 mi. W Huauchinango, 17 June 1951 (PDH) [CIS].
MICHOACAN: 2 ? 2, 3 mi. E Carapan, 6500 feet, July (HEE, FDP)
[MCZ, UCD]; 1 ?, 14 mi. NW Zitacuaro, 24 Aug. 1959 (AM &
LS) [UCD]; 1 ?, 10 km. E Morelia, 5 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ];
1 é, Tzintzuntzan, 7000 feet, 6 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. QuER-
ETARO: | 6, 10 mi. E San Juan del Rio, 6500 feet [KU]. Mexico:
1 2,3 4 4, Valle de Bravo, 6500 feet, 3 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ];
2 22, Teotihuacan, July (HEE, RRD) [MCZ, MSU]; 1 °2, 7 km.
S Amecameca, 12 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Atlacomulco, 18
Aug. 1954 [KU]; 1 ¢, Ixtlahuaca, 7300 feet, 30 July 1954 (J. G.
Chillcott) [CNC]. Moretos: 1 ?, Cuernavaca, 5500 feet, 27 May
1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; if 8, 3 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 6500 feet, 24
May 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. Cutapas: 11 2 2, 25 6 8, San Cris-
tobal las Casas, 7500 feet, April, July-Aug. (HEE, EG & CM) [CU,
MCZ, CIS]; 1 3, 7 mi. W San Cristobal, 6350 feet, 27 Aug. 1957
(HAS) [OSU]; 1 ¢, 15 mi. NW Comitan, 3 Aug. 1952 (EG & CM)
[CIS]; 1 2, Nachic, 8000 feet, 27 April 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. EL
SALVADOR: 2 22, 1 ¢, Santa Ana, Jan., Mch., Oct. [USNM]; 4
22,1 86, Cerro Verde, 29 June 1963 (M. Irwin) [UCD]. Costa
Rica: 1 2, La Palma (M. Valerio) [USNM].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

352 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Map 64

@ Anoplius (Anoplius) toluca (Cameron)
(also widely distr. in western U.S.)

Variation. — The specimens studied show relatively little varia-
tion except as expressed in the above descriptions. Some of the speci-
mens from the periphery of the range are, however, worthy of note.
The single Texas male has the hair-brushes on S4 and 5 somewhat
stronger than usual, especially that on S5; however, the bands are
still well separated, and the genitalia entirely typical of the species.
The males from El Salvador both have an unusually hairy thorax and
first tergite, and. there are several long hairs on S2 and more than
usual on $3; however, the hairbands on S4 and 5 are unusually thin,
consisting of little more than a single row of long hairs each, that on
S5 actually being discontinuous medially, as is typical of ventralis of
the eastern United States. In these specimens the setae on the digitus
are more Closely packed than usual and tend to be more angulate at
their apices. The females from El Salvador and Costa Rica have the
marginal cell removed from the wing tip by no more than its own
length; however, some Chiapas females are no different in this re-
spect. It is conceivable that a separate subspecies should be recog-
nized for specimens from the southern extremities of the range, but
at present not enough material is available to justify such a step.

HOWARD E. EVANS 353

Anoplius (Anoplius) dreisbachi new species

Anoplius tarsatus Dreisbach, 1950, Amer. Midl. Nat., 43: 585, 586, figs. 17, 21
(misidentification; not tarsatus Banks).

Anoplius (Anoplius) ventralis tarsatus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
76: 355-357 (in part, including Fig. 115).

This species is not known to enter Mexico, but may well occur in
the northern part. It is described here as part of the clarification of
this complex, as it has previously been confused with the preceding
species. The females can be told from those of toluca by the less
coarse and less intensely bluish pubescence and by the generally nar-
rower front. I am at present unable to present any characters for
separating the females of dreishachi and papago. The ranges of these
two species are not presently known to overlap, but it is possible that
they do so to some extent. The males can be distinguished readily
from those of both papago and toluca by the nature of the brushes of
hair on the venter, as expressed in the key. In the male genitalia,
the parameres are short, much as in papago, while the digiti are very
similar to those of toluca.

Allotype. — 2, WASHINGTON: Bothell, King Co., 22-26 Aug.
1954 (H. E. and M. A. Evans) [MCZ].

Description of female allotype.— Length 11 mm.; fore wing 9.8 mm.
Black; pubescence very fine, moderately strongly reflecting bluish except some-
what brownish on the clypeus, coxae, and most of the legs; wings moderately
infuscated, darker apically, violaceous. Head, prothorax, mesopleura, and pro-
podeum with abundant dark hair; mesonotum with scattered setae; middle and
hind coxae sparsely short-setose; abdomen setose ventrally, the last tergite
densely bristly. Clypeus 2.5 X as wide as high, its apical margin weakly con-
cave. Head 1.16 X as wide as high, the vertex passing straight across be-
tween the eye tops. Front rather narrow, MID .54 X TED, 1.15 X LID, .82
X eye height; UID .91 X LID. POL:OOL=5:6. First four antennal seg-
ments in a ratio of about 28:7:42:34, segment three equal to .92 X UID.
Pronotum angulate behind. Propodeum with a nearly flat declivity on the
posterior third. Front basitarsus with one spine in the upper row nearly as
long as the width of the tarsus, one of the spines in the lower row longer than
the width of the tarsus. Longer spur of hind tibia .63 X as long as the hind
basitarsus; spines in the median row on the hind basitarsus numbering 9. Mar-
ginal cell of fore wing removed from wing tip by about its own length; SMC3
narrowed above by nearly .8.

Holotype. — 3, same data as allotype [MCZ, no. 30, 973].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

354 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Description of male type. — Length 10 mm.; fore wing 9 mm. Black;
pubescence colored as in female except conspicuously silvery on sides of lower
front; wings moderately infuscated, darker along outer margin, somewhat vio-
laceous. Head, prothorax, mesopleura, and propodeum with abundant dark
setae; mesonotum with a few setae; S3 with a number of fairly long, slanting
setae, but these do not form a brush comparable to that on the next two ster-
nites; brush on S4 covering most of the sternite, leaving a narrow apical mar-
gin bare, so that this brush is very narrowly separated from that on S5, both
brushes continuous across the sternites but with the hairs shorter medially.
Clypeus 2.1 X as wide as high. Head slightly wider than high; vertex form-
ing a weak arc above the eye tops. MID .58 X TFD; UID 1.07 X LID; OOL
slightly exceeding POL. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 4:1:
4:4, segment three about 2.5 X as long as thick. Last segment of front tarsus
strongly lobed on the inner margin, this segment widest about mid-way of its
length. Longer spur of hind tibia .75 X as long as hind basitarsus. Fore wing
as in female. Venter with strong hair-brushes as described above. SGP
broadened toward the base, the side-pieces weakly pigmented, about as figured
for papago. Genitalia with the parameres shorter than the digiti, the portion
beyond the squama only about 2.5 X the width at the squama; digiti spindle-
shaped, the apex acuminate, disc covered with fairly long, mostly straight
setae; base of digitus with one or two fairly strong setae (fig. 49; see also fig.
21 in Dreisbach, 1950, and fig. 115 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — Arizona and southern California to Colorado,
Wyoming, and British Columbia, chiefly in the Transition Zone.

Paratypes. — ARIZONA: | 4, Vail Lake, Aug. [CU]; 1 ¢, Flag-
staff, Sept. [CIS]; 2 ¢ ¢, Mormon Lake, Coconino Co., Aug. [MCZ];
1 ¢, Lake Mary, Coconino Co., Aug. [MCZ]. CoLorapbo: 1 ¢,
Mesa Verde, Aug. [AMNH]; 1 ¢, Boulder, July [MCZ]; 1 4,
Troublesome, 7345 feet, 8 June 1908 (S. A. Rohwer) [USNM].
UTAH: 2 2 2,3 8 8, Randolf, Rich Co., July [UCD]; 2 ¢ 3, Gar-
den City, Rich Co., July [UCD]. NeEvapa: 1 ¢, Reno, Sept. [CIS];
1 6, Verdi, Washoe Co., June [UCD]; 1 °, 14 mi. SE Wellington,
Douglas Co., Aug. [UCD]. Wyominc: 1 32, Norris area, Yellow-
stone, Aug. [CIS]. British COLUMBIA: 1 2,6 ¢ 4, Squamish, Aug.
[CNC]; 1 2, Keremeos, July [CNC]; 1 ¢@, Atbara, Sept. [CU].
WASHINGTON: 2 ? 2, 1 4, Bothell, King Co., Aug. [MCZ, CU]; 2
8 6, Lopez Island, Aug, [CU]; 2 4 6, Port Townsend, July [CIS].
OREGON: 1 38, Mt. Hood, 7000 feet, Aug. [UCD]; 1 2, 1 36, Cor-
vallis, July, Sept. [MCZ]; 1 °, 14 mi. E of The Dalles, July [OSU];
1 4, Detroit, 11 July 1907 (J. C. Bridwell) [USNM]. CALIFORNIA:
2 6 6, Angora Peak, 8600 feet, July [CIS]; 1 ¢, Tamarack Lake,

HOWARD E. EVANS BS)

7700 feet, July [CiS]; 1 ¢, 1 4, Hallelujah Jct., Lassen Co., July,
Sept. [CIS, UCD]; 1 ¢, Sierraville, Sierra Co., July [CIS]; 1 2,1 3,
Yuba Pass, Sierra Co., July [UCD]; 3 ¢ 6, Boca, Nevada Co., June,
July [CIS, UCD]; 1 ¢, China Flat, Eldorado Co., June [CIS]; 2 2 2,
2 8 6, Echo Lake, Eldorado Co., July [CIS, MCZ]; 3 22,3 ¢ 4,
Leland Meadows, Tuolumne Co., Aug. [CIS, CAS, UCD]; 2 ¢ ¢,
Pinecrest, Tuolumne Co., Aug. [CIS]; 1 2°, 2 é 6, Sonora Pass,
Tuolumne Co., Aug. [CIS, UCD]; 1 ¢, Strawberry, Tuolumne Co.,
July [CIS]; 1 2°, Petaluma, Sonoma Co., Sept. [UCD]; 1 ¢, Mc-
Clure’s Beach, Marin Co., July [CIS]; 1 3, Inverness, Marin Co.,
July [UCD]; 1 ¢, Arroyo Mocho, Alameda Co., July [CIS]; 2 ¢ 3,
San Francisco, Aug. Sept. (J. C. Bridwell) [USNM]; 1 4, Lobos
Creek, San Francisco, May [CIS]; 6 4 4, Ingleside, Aug. [CU, MCZ];
1 ¢, Carmichael, Sacramento Co., May [UCD]; 1 3, Pickel Mdw.,
Mono Co., Aug. [UCD]; 1 4, Mineral King, Tulare Co., Aug. [MCZ];
1 6, 7 mi. SE Pine Flat, Tulare Co., July [CIS]; 1 °, Yosemite Nat.
Pk., July [CIS]; 1 ¢, Big Sandy Flat, Madera Co., July [CIS]; 1 ¢,
Glacier Lodge, Inyo Co., July [CIS]; 1 3, Big Pine, Inyo Co., June
[CIS]; 1 ¢, San Simeon Bch., San Luis Obispo Co., Aug. [CIS]; 1
8, 2.5 mi. S Arroyo Grande, San Luis Obispo Co., June [CIS]; 2
22,9 é 2, Goleta, Santa Barbara Co., June [CIS, UCD, USNM,
MCZ]; 1 ¢, Jenks Lake, San Bernardino Co., Aug. [CIS]; 1 3, Big
Bear Lake, San Bernardino Co., Aug. [MCZ]; 1 4, San Bernardino
Mts., July [CIS]; 1 ¢@, San Diego, Aug. [MCZ].

Variation. — The females vary in length from 9 to 14 mm.; MID
varies from .52 to .56 X TFD, antennal segment three from .75 to
.95 X UID; the longer spur of the hind tibia varies from .52 to .70
X the length of the hind basitarsus, the number of spines in the
median row beneath the hind basitarsus from 7 to 12 (mean 9.5).
The males vary in length from 6.5 to 11 mm. In all available males
the front is at least slightly silvery. The number of strong setae on
S3 varies considerably; in some specimens there are only a few, in
others a fairly strong brush, but in no case nearly as strong as that
on S4. Some slight variation can be noted in the length of the para-
meres, but in no case are they nearly as long as in foluca.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

356 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Genus POMPILUS Fabricius 2°

Pompilus Fabricius, 1798, Suppl. Ent. Syst., pp. 212, 246-252 [Type species:
Pompilus pulcher Fabricius, fixed by Opinion 166 of the Internat.
Comm. Zool. Nomen., 1945]. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
77: 203-275 (first used with present limits for revision of U. S. spp.).
— Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 46: 529-543 (Mexican spp.).

Generic characters. — Size 3 to 25 mm.; color predominantly black, some
species with reddish coloration on the abdomen and legs, pronotum occasionally
bordered with pale; apical tergite of female bare or with slender, flexible setae,
but without stout bristles. Mandibles with one or two teeth on inner margin.
Malar space very short. Antennae slender, segment three in female at least
3 X as long as thick, in male usually but not always more than twice as long
as thick. Postnotum a transverse band of variable width, never strongly ex-
panded on each side of median line. Front tarsus of female with or without
a tarsal comb; apical tarsal segments with or without spines beneath. Claws
of female dentate, those of male dentate except front tarsal claws sometimes
bifid. Pulvillar pad and comb of very variable development. Wing venation
as in Anoplius except several species with only two SMCs (figs. 21, 22). Ven-
ter of male without brushes of long hairs. Male genitalia variously developed:
basal hooklets single, double, or wanting (figs. 55-58).

Distribution. — Cosmopolitan. Seven subgenera are recognized
for the American species; several of these occur also in the Old World,
where there are several additional subgenera.

Remarks. — This genus is difficult to characterize, consisting as
it does of an assortment of species not sufficiently specialized to put
in other genera. I doubt very much if the genus is monophyletic, yet
it is difficult to find strong, useful characters which will separate the
subgenera in a way sufficiently convincing to justify calling them
genera. The following key to subgenera is taken almost verbatim
from my 1953 study of the Mexican fauna. One subgenus, Anoplo-
chares, is not recorded from Mexico or Central America and is there-
fore not considered further; however, P. (Anoplochares) apicatus
Provancher has been taken at Brownsville, Texas, and surely must
occur in northeastern Mexico.

26 For additional references, see Evans, 1951, also below under the several sub-
genera.

nN

HOWARD E. EVANS 307

Key to Subgenera
Females

Ultimate tarsal segments either without spines beneath, or with from one to
three spines near the base, and apical half bare; posterior margin of pro-
notum arcuate or obtusely angulate 0.0.0.0... cccccececeeeeeeseeenseeeeeceeeeeeeees 1

Ultimate tarsal segments with a more or less complete row of spines be-
neath, like the preceding segments; posterior margin of pronotum usually
MAtHeTEs Menp lverca OU atm cecencaseseceedens eeceeesestectece ce sasoce cecclcnnecenetesecceeroescrarss 5)

Tarsal comb absent; spatium frontale elevated, the front abruptly declivous
between the antennal sockets to the lower plane of the area frontalis ......
BE Rec e eae Sane ae a SERRE cere) cu Seis tga vurinlessléwetuaaveaamaatis Xenopompilus Evans

Tarsal comb present; spatium frontale not prominently elevated as above

Front basitarsus short, not over 5 X as long as wide, with only two comb-
spines; apex of abdomen smooth, with only minute setae if any ..............
SOc Ba gE HOU SEBS ESB ECENE RG Soa. be Sua c aUSE EC RE CeC ER Canc ae pec EnCce amcen ear Perissopompilus Evans

Front basitarsus more than 6 X as long as wide, usually with three comb-
spines; apex of abdomen with a few long setae above and below ........ 4

Ultimate tarsal segments without spines beneath; propodeum and meso-
pleura bare or with dark hairs; pulvillar comb weak ...................::0::0000
Sag dOOeEEE STO EDEEOSonCE Baan aeohdE BuaacddencaroscodeoceacEeesoreeeeonaeearnece Hesperopompilus Evans

Ultimate tarsal segments with from one to three spines beneath near the
base; propodeum, mesopleura, temples, and front coxae with abundant

white hair; pulvillar comb strong ................cccc000ceeeees Xerochares Evans
Labrum broadly exserted beyond apical margin of clypeus; tarsal comb
ASEM therere Cooma rere emt as et rat nt cei anere cou Masintiue ten serail Anoplochares Banks
Only the apical margin of the labrum visible below the clypeus; tarsal comb
(RESSME GACEOL WN WME GOSCWES cccososcossoosessacacosotooconcdossssonsp.00adesadnededs9590000000 6
Marginal cell of fore wing removed from wing tip by at least 1.3 X its
own length, SMC2 and 3 narrowed above .............. Ammosphex Wilcke

Marginal cell of fore wing longer, removed from wing tip by approximately
its own length; SMC2 and 3 rather wide above (fig. 22) ..........:-:ce0
Se BOSSI ECO EOE EERE EERO aSHOS UBC CA EE CeCe REECE Arachnospila Kincaid

Males

Ultimate segment of front tarsus slender, symmetrical or nearly so, at most
very obscurely produced on the inner margin ..............c::cccesccccesseeeseeees 2
Ultimate segment of front tarsus broader, distinctly produced along the in-
NEL MMAL SIM as vIMMMNeLT Cal) Sere. 2 ces sesseaeeeosesesetes (asso stecsesssoscseueesadesdacttesaours 5
Apical margin of clypeus rounded; SGP usually with basal (internal) ap-
pendages consisting of matted setae (figs. 83, 84) .........::cccccesseseeeeeeereeeees
BEDE cc GOO gURE GOSS Gee EEE EAD UPPOUOE AoEE RE DEA Hera DEER NEE aE EES Hesperopompilus Evans

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

358 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Apical margin of clypeus truncate; SGP without appendages of this kind .. 3

3. Postnotum on the median line much shorter than the metanotum; propo-
deum and mesopleura with abundant long, whitish hairs .................:..00+

shun ad aaasatavsaseyaid swaneen ectes tn dereuneceveteeraeeremaeeee ee atte ete Xerochares Evans
Postnotum on the median line about as long as the metanotum; propodeum
and mesopleura without long white hairs, the propodeum, however, with
suberect ‘silvery setulae (iss c.scccccv.ccececececoueneo erecee ore eo 4

4. Pubescence of the abdomen forming dense, prominent bands at the apices
of the tergites; sixth sternite with a specialized median area; basal hook-

lets of genitaliandonble e. -eee eee Perissopompilus Evans
Pubescence of abdomen uniformly silvery, not forming bands; sixth ster-
nite not modified; basal hooklets absent .................. Xenopompilus Evans

5. Ultimate segment of front tarsus very strongly lobed along the inner mar-
gin, the segment widest about mid-way; aedoeagus with tooth-like pro-

jections along the margins .................cccsseseeeeceeeeeeeeees Ammosphex Wilcke
Ultimate segment of front tarsus less strongly lobed, the segment widest
about two-thirds the distance from the base; aedoeagus simple ............ 6

6. Labrum partially exserted; subgenital plate very narrow, strongly keeled ....
ee eR oe on Soo SSE EE code ceed ase soaubecucouasooueSceece Anoplochares Banks
Labrum not or scarcely visible beyond the apical margin of the clypeus;
subgenital plate broader than above, keeled or not ..................:ceessseeeeeeees

Subgenus HESPEROPOMPILUS Evans

Hesperopompilus Evans, 1948, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 50: 141-149 [Type
species: Pompilus orophilus Evans, original designation] (proposed as
subgenus of Pompilus). — Dreisbach, 1949, Ent. Amer., (n.s.)29: 4,
6, 10, 42, fig. 23 (not Fig. 22 as stated) (given generic status). —
Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 76: 209-218 (subgenus; re-
view of U. S. spp.).

Subgeneric characters. — Length 3.5-10 mm. Clypeus of male convexly
rounded apically, that of female rounded or truncate. Antennae of female
elongate, those of male more compact, segment three from 1.2 to 2.5 X as
long as thick, frequently shorter than fourth segment. Pronotum arcuate or
subangulate behind. Propodeum with or without erect hairs. Front basitarsus
of female slender, more than 6 X as long as thick, bearing three (rarely two
or four) comb-spines, the spines very slender. Apical tarsal segments without
spines beneath in both sexes. Last segment of front tarsus of male unmodified,
barely if at all produced on the inner margin, inner claw of this tarsus bifid,
all other claws dentate. Pulvillar pad small, the comb variable, of not more
than about 15 setulae. Fore wing with two or (more commonly) three SMCs.
Abdomen of female with a few terminal setae. Male SGP with two small,
palpus-like lateral basal structures, apparently consisting of matted setae, visible

HOWARD E. EVANS 359

only upon dissection (absent in one species). Male genitalia with the basal
hooklets single or absent; parapenials stout, compressed, in lateral view rather
wide (figs. 57, 58).

Distribution. — Western North America, from Baja California,
Sonora, and New Mexico to Nebraska, Alberta, and Idaho.

Remarks. — I present here a revision of all seven known species
of this subgenus, since numerous additional specimens and three new
species have been found since my last treatment of the group. Only
four species are known to enter Mexico (all in Baja California or
Sonora) but two others have been taken close to the Mexican border.

Key to Species *"
Females

1. Wholly black, the pubescence strongly reflecting bluish or blue-green; pro-
TNOUUTN TRENT. I DYONETE Neco eccsnsoovockacsocedeciterooaadace UoUc EOE REESE EERO EEEeecRe er neeeerreee 2
Abdomen largely rufo-ferruginous, the hind legs partly of this color; pro-
notum relatively long

2. Front very narrow (MID .50-.54 X TFD); fore wing with the marginal cell
short, nearly or fully twice its own length from the wing tip; postnotum
Neanlyeas Ones aspmMetano tml sssecsseesseer et eeeseseeseeeecneeecee orophilus Evans
Front broader (MID .58-.61 X TFD); fore wing with the marginal cell
longer, removed from wing tip by not more than 1.5 X its own length;
postnotum a VeTY NATTOW traMSVeLSE SUTIP ...........eeeeeeeeeeeeeseeceeeeseeceeeeeessaees 3

3. Propodeum with a considerable amount of short hair on the sides; propodeal
declivity strong, its sides slightly prominent; pulvillar comb strong for this

GIT DYES HTS ian Gace neee coe eee anece ase asecercaceace cncoce moan ner pecc cease jacintoensis Evans
Propodeum without erect hairs and with the declivity rather indistinct, its
sides not at all prominent; puvillar comb very weak ................ hilli Evans

4. Fore wing with two SMCs; pronotum with whitish markings on the collar
and posterior margin; apical margin of clypeus weakly convex, subtrun-

CANS eres eee cre stasosea- aca wer saee tree earia sae sci eistese s wocten sieiomeliseeselecle Roan andascwe serrano nN. Sp.
Fore wing with three SMCs; pronotum without whitish markings; apical
margin of clypeus more distinctly rounded ...............:cccececeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeees 5

5. Length about 8.5 mm.; front and vertex wide (MID .61 X TED; third an-
tennal segment only .68 X UID); SMC2 1.3 X as wide as high ..............

BOSCO SUSE OCOREESCECUCEEBRECEE CECE CCCRECEEE ECE CECE EEC RDCEEE REESE E Ror HEePROGR CRE eee Ee idahoensis 0. sp.
Length 6-7 mm.; front and vertex narrower than above (MID .56-.60 X
TFD); SMC2 nearly or quite twice as wide as high ...... rufopictus Evans

27 One species, idahoensis, is known only from the female, while another, pacis,
is known only from the male. All known species of Hesperopompilus are included
in this key.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

360 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Males

1. Fore wing with only two SMCs; abdomen partly rufous; genitalia as in fig.
Bho RR ere nec eee ree cerec cap eaeee asbedoboneceakéckeaetadaceaconbAee sdooscebodone serrano 0. Sp.

Fore wing with three SMCs; abdomen without rufous markings; genitalia
not exactly as above

2. Posterior margin of pronotum with a pale stripe; third antennal segment
about or more than twice as long as thick; margins of aedoeagus strongly
SUTUALE ' sa sachaceecorenlsadercens eon inecienwedemmevteenmeltacametuece ea caeeceee eee cetacean 3
Posterior margin of pronotum without a pale stripe; third antennal segment
not more than about 1.5 X as long as thick, much shorter than fourth
segment; aedoeagus slender and with nearly parallel sides .................... 4

3. SGP moderately broad, tapering apically; POL equal to or slightly less than
OOL= leneth 625-95 onan Se eee antec nese cee cee eee ee hilli Evans

SGP very slender, nearly linear; POL considerably exceeding OOL; length
SH) WIS ssc vssac pause tuan bees cachuteone ct cee eeaeae ee eens eee a ears orophilus Evans

4. Pubescence without bluish reflections, silvery and brownish; size small (3.5-
5 mm.); propodeum not hairy, the front but slightly so; SGP tapering

Fei 0) (e721 | h Genera anni acmcBare ten, ier memnnnccrembendossbo se aedcoonabacsooacstadseoseds rufopictus Evans
Pubescence with strong bluish reflections; size larger, 7.5-10.5 mm.; pro-
podeum with dark or pale erect hair; SGP broad, broadly rounded
APICALLY a.ciescc cadssaeceuasscetendsarenesbetebamnaseauondecceee ome ease aatee he cece eee eee 5

5. Parameres very short (fig. 57); tibia without silvery pubescence on outer
side; propodeum with coarse, partially erect silvery pubescence and whit-

ish erect hairs; SGP without basal hair-tufts (fig. 84) ............ pacis nN. sp.
Parameres exceeding the other genital appendages; tibia with silvery pubes-
cence on outer side; propodeum often with dark setae; SGP with lateral

basal tufts of compacted setae (as in fig. 83) .............. jacintoensis Evans

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) pacis new species

Holotype. —: 6 , BAJA CALIFORNIA: La Paz, 8 Oct. 1955 (FXW)
[CAS].

Description of male type. — Length 8 mm.; fore wing 7 mm. Black, ex-
cept the apical tergite mostly whitish; pubescence with strong bluish-green re-
flections, except silvery as follows: temples, clypeus, scape, greater part of front,
pronotum except on sides, mesoscutum except anteriorly, scutellum except in
center, metanotum, propodeum (extremely coarse and erect posteriorly), parts
of coxae, base of first tergite, most of apical two tergites; wings subhyaline, with
a faint whitish bloom, strongly infuscated along outer margin. Front and scape
with abundant short, brownish hair; occiput, temples, and the entire thorax, in-
cluding the coxae, clothed with short whitish hair; first tergite with whitish hair,
the abdomen otherwise with only some short, inconspicuous hair. Clypeus
1.8 X as wide as high, its apical margin rounded. Head 1.13 X as wide as high,

HOWARD E. EVANS 361

the vertex arched slightly above the eye tops, somewhat prominent at the ocellar
triangle. MID .62 X TED; eyes strongly diverging above, UID 1.14 X LID;
POL and OOL equal. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 15:7:
10:11, segment three 1.3 X as long as wide. Pronotum arcuate behind, with a
small median angulation; scutellum very prominent medially; postnotum strong,
on the midline nearly as long as the metanotum. Propodeum with the median
line impressed at the base, with a flat declivity on the posterior third, disc
covered with erect whitish pile as described above. Inner claw of front tarsus
strongly curved and somewhat bifid, remaining claws dentate. Longer spur of
hind tibia half the length of the basitarsus. Hind wing with the anal and cubital
Veins interstitial on the media; fore wing with the transverse median vein meet-
ing media well beyond the origin of the basal vein; marginal cell removed
from wing tip by 1.2 X its own length; SMC2 and 3 both slightly wider than
high, the third narrowed by two-thirds above, the third intercubital vein some-
what angulate. S4 and 5 somewhat emarginate apically, S6 with a strong V-
shaped emargination. SGP broad, the apex broadly rounded, the midline some-
what elevated toward the base; base completely without the processes found
in other members of this subgenus (fig. 84). Genitalia characterized by short,
obliquely truncate parameres; digiti much exceeding the parameres, rounded
apically, clothed with short setae; basal hooklets absent; aedoeagus elongate,
simple (fig. 57).

Remarks. — This curious species is known only from the type.
I had at first considered this specimen to be nothing more than a
jacintoensis male of somewhat different coloration and pilosity, but
the genitalia are of very different form. The SGP is very similar to
that of jacintoensis but the basal tufts of matted setae occurring in
that species and all other Hesperopompilus seem to be entirely want-
ing. Probably pacis is a specialized member of this subgenus and
the tufts have been lost, but it is impossible to be sure of this; knowl-
edge of the female would be helpful. (Map 65.)

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) jacintoensis Evans

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) jacintoensis Evans, 1948, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
50: 146-148 [Type: 2, CALIFORNIA: San Jacinto Mts., July 1912
(J. C. Bridwell) (USNM, no. 58, 631); male misidentified]. — Evans,
1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 212-214. — Evans, 1956, Ent.
News, 67: 9.

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) evagetoides Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
77: 217-218 [Type: 6, BAJA CALIFORNIA: 20 mi. N Mesquital, 27
Sept. 1941 (ESR & RMB) (CAS)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1956.

Female. — Length 8.5-12 mm. Black; pubescence deep Prussian blue,

MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 20

362 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

fading to violet in older specimens; fore wings fuscous, slightly darker along
outer margin, somewhat violaceous; hind wings subhyaline basally, fuscous
apically. Head and pronotum with considerable dark hair; thoracic dorsum
and middle and hind coxae slightly hairy; propodeum with a considerable
amount of short hair on the sides; abdomen slightly setose apically. Clypeus
2.4-2.7 X as wide as high; front broad, MID .58-.61 X TFD; UID .85-.93 X
LID; vertex weakly arched above the eye tops. POL and OOL subequal. or
either may be slightly the greater. Antennae moderately elongate, segment
three measuring .75 to .90 X UID. Pronotum short, broadly subangulate be-
hind. Postnotum a thin transverse line. Propodeum with the declivity well
defined and slightly concave, its sides rather prominent, especially below. Front
basitarsus with three long, slender comb-spines, the apical one about as long
as the second tarsal segment. Pulvillar comb of about 15 fairly strong setulae.
Fore wing with the marginal cell removed from the wing tip by 1.2-1.5 X its
own length, the radial vein angled at the third intercubital vein; SMC2 and 3
both wider than high, the third narrowed by .7 to .9 above.

Male. — Length 7.5-10.5 mm. Black, apical tergite often with a white
spot, hind tibia sometimes with a white streak; pubescence in large part deep
bluish, silvery at least on the front and temples, underside of scape, sides of
scutellum and metanotum, outer sides of tibiae, and apical tergite, usually also
on the anterior and posterior margins of the pronotum, propodeum, coxae, and
apical margins of some of the basal tergites; wings subhyaline or lightly infus-
cated, darker toward the outer margins. Front, vertex, temples, and propleura
densely hairy; propodeum often with a considerable amount of fine, dark hair;
venter with scattered, inconspicuous setae. Clypeus about 1.8 X as wide as
high; front broad, MID .60-.65 X TFD; inner orbits diverging above, UID
1.1-1.2 X LID. Vertex forming a slight arc above tops of eyes; POL and OOL
subequal. Third antennal segment 1.3-1.5 X as long as thick, much shorter
than fourth segment. Pronotum subangulate to arcuate behind; postnotum
very short; propodeum with a short declivity, the sides of which are slightly
prominent. Wings about as in female, SMC3 sometimes triangular. SGP
broad, the apex broadly rounded, the median line rather strongly elevated.
Genitalia with the parameres longer than the other parts, with broad, setose
expansions near the base; digiti short, with numerous fairly long setae; basal
hooklets angular but not actually hook-like; parapenials stout, strongly curved
ventrad; aedoeagus slender, with several apical setae (see figs. 175 and 205 in
Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — Southern California, southern Arizona, Baja Cali-
fornia, and Sonora. (Map 65.)

Specimens examined. —19 22, 10 6 6. CALIFORNIA: | 2,
Santa Barbara Co., Santa Ynez Mts., 24 June 1949 (RMB) [UCD]:
1 2, Los Angeles Co., Camp Baldy, 11 July 1950 [CIS]; 1 ¢, Glen-
dale, Los Angeles Co., 3 May 1945 (EIS) [UCD]; 1 ¢, San Jacinto

HOWARD E. EVANS 363

Mts., Riverside Co., July [type, USNM]; 1 ¢, 2 mi. NE Lakeside,
Sane Dicsou@o.) 29) March lt9oINCG By iCis|y 1 9s, 5 ¢ 3, San
Diego & vic., June-Oct. (H. A. Hill, HEE) [MCZ, CU, San Diego
Mus.]. ARIZONA: 1 6, 3 mi. W Oracle, 12 June 1962 (JB) [UA];
1 2, Yuma, 13 Apr. 1955 [UA]; 1 ¢, Tucson, 29 May 1962 (LS)
[UCD]. Sonora: 1 2, Alamos, 12 Apr. 1963 (G. Frankie) [CIS].
BAJA CALIFORNIA: | 2, Cedros Island, 3 June 1925 (H. H. Keifer)
[CAS]; 2 6 6, 20 mi. N Mesquital, 27 Sept. 1941 (ESR & RMB)
[CAS, ANSP]; 1 ¢, San Felipe, 26 Mch. 1963 (G. Stage) [CIS].

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) hilli Evans

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) jacintoensis Evans, 1948, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
50: 146-148 (male; misassociated with type female). — Evans, 1951,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 212-214 (male).

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) hilli Evans, 1957, Pan-Pac. Ent., 33: 183-184
[Type: 6, CALIFORNIA: Pomona Mts., Sept. (H. C. Fall Coll.) (MCZ,
no. 24, 770) ].

The female of this species has not previously been described. It
is probable that this species enters northwestern Mexico, but at pres-
ent it is known only from two localities in southern California.

Plesiallotype. — °, CALIFORNIA: Inyo Co., Surprise Canyon,
Panamint Mts., 24 April 1957, on Eriogonum inflatum (PDH) [CIS].

Description of female plesiallotype. — Length 10 mm.; fore wing 7.3 mm.
Black; pubescence wholly dark, strongly reflecting various shades of blue and
violet; fore wings moderately infuscated, darker along outer margin, strongly
violaceous; hind wings subhyaline, apex infuscated. Head and propleura with
rather dense, fine setae; front and vertex sparsely setose; body, including pro-
podeum, otherwise wholly without erect hairs except for a few on the abdomen
ventrally and apically. Clypeus 2.4 X as wide as high, its margin polished,
very weakly convexly rounded, almost truncate. Front of moderate breadth,
MID .58 X TFD; UID .85 X LID; vertex arched very weakly above the eye
tops. POL:OOL = 9:10. Antennae slender, first four segments in a ratio of
about 20:7:33:28, segment three equal to .92 X UID. Pronotum short, broadly
but distinctly angulate behind. Postnotum a thin transverse line. Propodeum
impressed medially, with a distinct, flattened declivity on the posterior third,
the sides of the declivity not at all prominent. Front basitarsus with three
comb-spines, the apical one not quite as long as the second tarsal segment.
Pulvillar comb weak, of only about seven weak, diverging setulae. Anal vein
of hind wing meeting media slightly before cubital fork; basal and transverse
median veins of fore wing interstitial; marginal cell removed from wing tip by

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

364 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

approximately its own length, the radial vein somewhat angled at the third
intercubital vein; SMC2 and 3 about the same width, both wider than high,
the third narrowed above by slightly more than half.

Male. — Length 6.5-9.5 mm. Black, posterior margin of pronotum with
a pale yellowish stripe, narrowly interrupted medially; pubescence as in female
except silvery on lower front, scape beneath, posterior slope of propodeum,
and hind coxae above; wings nearly hyaline, outer margin of fore wing and
apex of hind wing strongly infuscated. Head and propleura with some short,
fine hairs; body otherwise virtually without erect hairs. Clypeus 1.7 X as wide
as high, its apical margin rounded. Head considerably wider than high, TFD
1.15 X VFD; MID .55-.57 XK TFD; UID 1.10-1.17 X LID. Vertex arching
weakly above eye tops; POL equal to or slightly less than OOL. Third antennal
segment 2.3-2.5 X as long as thick, at most very slightly shorter than fourth
segment. Pronotum broadly angulate behind. Propodeum with the median line
impressed, the slope rather abrupt on the posterior fourth. Wings much as in
female, SMC3 much narrowed above; in one specimen (the type) SMC3 is
no wider than high. $3-5 arcuately emarginate behind; S6 with a V-shaped
emargination. SGP moderately slender, acute apically, the basal palpi strongly
developed. Genitalia with the parameres short and slender, exceeded by the
digiti, which bear several strong setae on their outer margin; parapenial lobes
strongly S-shaped; basal hooklets present; aedoeagus broad, constricted just be-
low apex (see figs. 173 and 202 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — Mountains of southern California (Inyo and Los
Angeles counties). (Map 65.)

Specimens seen. —1 2,2 8 6. CALIFORNIA: 1 2,1 4, Inyo
Co. (data as cited for plesiallotype) [CIS]; 1 ¢, Pomona Mts., Sept.
[type, MCZ].

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) orophilus Evans

Pompilus orophilus Evans, 1947, Ent. News, 58: 14-16 [Type: 2, NEw
Mexico: Raton, 7000 feet, 12 Aug. 1946 (HEE) (MCZ, no. 27,
660) J.

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) orophilus Evans, 1948, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
50: 148-149. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 214-216.

Female. — Length 6.5-9 mm. Black; pubescence a brilliant deep blue or
blue-green; fore wings moderately infuscated, darker along outer margin, some-
what violaceous; hind wings subhyaline except infuscated toward the apex.
Head with unusually abundauit dark setae; prothorax slightly hairy, but remain-
der of body smooth and devoid of setae except for a few weak ones on the
abdomen toward the apex. Clypeus 2.3-2.4 X as wide as high, truncate below.
Front very narrow, barely wider than the two eyes together, MID .50-.54 X
TFD; UID subequal to or slightly less than LID. Ocelli in a rather large tri-

HOWARD E. EVANS 365

Map 65

Hi Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) pacis Evans
OP (H) jacintoensis Evans

@ © (H) orophilus Evans

\ OP (H) hilli Evans

) AP (H) rufopictus Evans

~ YX P. (H) idahoensis Evans

3x P (H) serrano Evans

LS LS

angle on the narrow vertex, POL much greater than OOL (about 3:2 in most
specimens). Third antennal segment from .92 to 1.05 X UID. Pronotum
short, subarcuate or broadly, weakly angulate behind; postnotum nearly as long
as metanotum; propodeum with the slope rather low and even, with a weak
posterior declivity. Front basitarsus with three (rarely four) slender comb-
spines, the apical one about as long as the second segment. Pulvillar comb of
about nine weak, diverging setulae. Fore wing with the marginal cell short,
nearly or fully twice its own length from wing tip; SMC2 usually broader than

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

366 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

high, but SMC3 higher than broad in most specimens, narrowed by about half
above.

Male. — Length 5-7 mm. Black, except posterior margin of pronotum
with a pale yellowish stripe, interrupted medially; pubescence strongly bluish or
violaceous except silvery on much of the head and pronotum, posterior part of
mesoscutum, sides of scutellum, metanotum, pleura, coxae, propodeum (where
the pubescence is very coarse), and basal bands on the first three tergites; wings
hyaline, with a fuscous marginal band. Clypeus 1.8 X as wide as high, rounded
below. MID .58-.61 X TFD; UID considerably exceeding LID; POL con-
siderably exceeding OOL. Third antennal segment about twice as long as
thick, slightly shorter than fourth segment. Postnotum about one third the
length of the metanotum. Venation similar to that of female. SGP very slen-
der, gradually tapering to an apical point, its margins fringed with setae, the
basal appendages strong. Genitalia with the parameres slender, slightly ex-
ceeding the digiti, the latter somewhat capitate and with a few apical setae
but none on the disc; basal hooklets present; aedoeagus much exceeding the
rather short parameres (see figs. 174 and 203 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — The known range extends from southern Cali-
fornia, Sonora, and New Mexico to Nebraska and Alberta. (Map
65.)

Specimens examined. — 13 22,8 6 4. SONORA: 1 2, Cocorit,
14 Mch. 1962 (LS & FDP) [UCD]. CAaALtrornia: 1 2, 1 mi. N Al-
pine Lake, Marin Co., Sept. 1961 (E. P. Catts) [CIS]; 1 ¢, Davis,
13 Aug. 1955 (RMB) [UCD]; 1 ¢, Donner Pass, Nevada Co., 3
Aug. 1962 [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Idria, San Benito Co., 14 June 1955 [CIS];
1 6,41 mi. N Bridgeport, Mono Co., 7 July 1961 (RBM) [UCD];
1 é, Antelope Spr., Inyo Co., 22 June 1960 (H. Court) [UCD]; 1
2, Crystal Lake, Los Angeles Co., 29 June [CIS]; 1 2°, Monrovia,
Los Angeles Co., 15 Aug. [MCZ]; 1 ?, Los Angeles Co. (Coquillett)
[USNM]; 1 ¢, 12 mi. S Ivanpah, San Bernardino Co., 1 May 1956
(PDH) [CIS]; 1 ¢, Elsinore, Riverside Co., 24 Aug. 1962 (HEE)
[MCZ]. Nevapa: 1 2, Wells, 19 Aug. 1939 (A. Blanton) [CU].
ARIZONA: | 6, Sacaton, Pinal Co., 6 Oct. 1959 (C. Benson) [UA];
1 ¢, Baboquivari Mts., 19 July [KU]; 1 2, Santa Catalina Mts., 13
July [CIS]. New Mexico: 1 ¢, Raton, 12 Aug. [type, MCZ].
Uran: | 2°, Manila, 20 July 1962 (M. Esmaili) [MCZ]. CoLorapo:
| 2, WVexas Creek, 18 Sept. 1917 (R: © Shannon) (@U]> Nee
RASKA: 1 ¢, Halsey, 22 July 1957 (R. Henzlik) [MCZ]. ALBERTA:
1 é, Medicine Hat, 5 July [CNC].

HOWARD E. EVANS 367

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) idahoensis new species

Holotype. — °, IDAHO: 3 mi. S Gooding, 9 May 1958 (W. F.
Barr) [CAS].

Description of female type. — Length 8.7 mm.; fore wing 5.7 mm. Head
and thorax black, except mandibles and apical margin of clypeus ferruginous;
abdomen wholly bright ferruginous except base of first segment black; hind
femora and tibiae ferruginous, the middle tibiae also suffused with dark ferru-
ginous; wings subhyaline except broadly infuscated along the apical margin.
Pubescence conspicuously silvery over most of the body and legs, except brown-
ish on the vertex and parts of the thoracic dorsum. Temples and propleura
with pale hairs, the front with a very few weak hairs; body otherwise without
erect setae except for a few at the tip of the abdomen. Clypeus 2.4 X as wide
as high, evenly rounded apically, the margin slightly elevated and polished.
Front broad, MID .61 X TFD; UID .91 X LID. Vertex forming an even arc
above the eye tops; POL and OOL equal. Antennae slender, first four seg-
ments in a ratio of 16:7:24:20, segment three equal to .68 X UID. Pronotum
relatively long, its posterior margin nearly straight, with a very weak median
angulation. Postnotum a narrow band only one fourth the length of the meta-
notum. Median line of propodeum strongly impressed; slope rather high, with
a slightly concave declivity on the posterior third. Front basitarsus with three
slender comb-spines, the apical one about as long as the second segment. Pul-
villar comb very weak; claws very weakly dentate. Hind wing with the anal
vein meeting media well basad of the origin of the cubitus; fore wing with the
transverse median vein meeting media slightly beyond the origin of the basal
vein; marginal cell removed from wing tip by 1.1 X its own length; SMC2
1.3 X as wide as high; SMC3 of the same maximum width and height, but
more strongly narrowed above (by about half), the third intercubital vein form-
ing a gentle curve.

Remarks. — There can be no doubt of the close relationship of
this species to the one which follows, but this is a larger species with
a considerably broader front and vertex. The claws are unusually
weakly dentate, in fact almost without teeth. Only the type is known.
(Map 65.)

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) rufopictus Evans

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) rufopictus Evans, 1948, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
50: 144-146 [Type: 2, CALIFORNIA: Dos Palmas, Riverside Co., 8
May 1932 (RMB & GEB) (CAS, no. 5951) ]. — Evans, 1951, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 211-212.

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) boharti Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
77: 216-217 [Type: 6, CALIFORNIA: San Diego Co., Borrego, 5 April
1940 (RMB) (CAS)]. New synonym.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

368 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

I stated in 1951 that I thought it unlikely that boharti was the
male of rufopictus, but now that several additional specimens are
known, as well as both sexes of the closely related species serrano,
I feel that this association is highly probable.

Female. — Length 6-7 mm. Head and thorax black, except mandibles
and lower part of clypeus dull ferruginous; abdomen bright rufo-ferruginous
except blackish at extreme base and apex; hind femora and tibiae ferruginous
except at the joints, the legs otherwise somewhat brownish; wings subhyaline,
with a fuscous band along the outer margin. Entire body clothed with pale
pubescence, which is more coarse and conspicuously silvery on the head, an-
terior slope and posterior margin of pronotum, sides of scutellum, metanotum,
posterior part of propodeum, and hind coxae above. Body virtually devoid
of erect hairs except for a few on the head, prothorax, and tip of the abdomen.
Clypeus 2.5 X as wide as high, rounded apically. Front of moderate breadth,
MID .56-.60 X TFD; UID slightly less than LID; POL slightly exceeding OOL.
Antennae slender, third segment .70-1.0 X UID. Pronotum rather long, sub-
arcuate behind. Slope of the propodeum low, slightly steepened behind; median
line distinctly impressed. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines, the apical
one about as long as the second tarsal segment. Pulvillar comb weak; claws
weakly dentate. Fore wing with the stigma short, the marginal cell rather long,
1.0-1.2 X its own length from the wing tip; SMC2 nearly or quite twice as
broad as high, SMC3 about as broad as high, narrowed by about two-thirds
above.

Male. — Length 3.5-5 mm. Black; wings hyaline, fore wing with a fus-
cous marginal band. Pubescence silvery over much of the head, thorax, coxae,
and base of the abdomen, brownish on parts of the thoracic dorsum and most
of the legs and abdomen. Body without erect hairs except for a few incon-
spicuous ones on the head and thorax. Clypeus about 1.7 X as wide as high,
rounded below. Head subcircular in anterior view, the vertex broad, raised in
an even arc above the eye tops. MID .63-.68 X TED; eyes strongly divergent
above, UID 1.25-1.3 X LID; ocelli small and widely spaced, POL slightly ex-
ceeding OOL. Third antennal segment 1.3-1.5 X as long as wide, much shorter
than fourth segment. Pronotum rather long, arcuate behind; postnotum short,
about one-third the length of the metanotum; propodeum rather abruptly de-
clivous on the posterior fourth. Venation similar to that of female, including
the broad SMC2, but the available specimens with the marginal cell rather
pointed and removed from the wing tip by slightly less than its own length.
SGP rather narrow, tapering to a narrowly rounded apex, basal appendages
well developed (almost exactly as figured for the following species). Geni-
talia with the parameres short, rod-like; digiti exceeding the parameres and
bearing several strong apical setae; basal hooklets wanting; parapenial lobes
and aedoeagus slightly exceeding the digiti (see fig. 176 in Evans, 1951).

HOWARD E. EVANS 369

Distribution. — Deserts of southern California and Arizona.
(Map 65.)

Specimens seen. —4 22,3 6 6. CALIFORNIA: 1 6, Cronise
Valley, San Bernardino Co., 29 April 1956 (PDH, on Prosopis)
[CIS]; 1 2°, Dos Palmas, Riverside Co., 8 May 1932 (RMB & GEB)
[CAS]; 1 2, 1 é, Borrego, San Diego Co., 5-19 April (RMB, EIS)
[CAS, CIS]; 1 6, Fish Creek Mts., Imperial Co., 20 April 1935
(W. R. Richards) [CNC]. Arizona: 2 ? 2, Tucson, May, June
1961 (S. Johnson; ethylene glycol pollen traps) [UA].

Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) serrano new species

Holotype. — 2, MEXICO: BAJA CALIFORNIA: Km. 220 S Tijuana,
10 Sept. 1955 (FXW; on Australian salt bush) [CAS].

Description of type female. — Length 5.8 mm; fore wing 4.8 mm. Head
and thorax black, except mandibles and apical part of clypeus pale ferruginous,
and pronotum whitish on the collar and in a narrow band along the posterior
margin, narrowly interrupted medially; abdomen wholly bright rufo-ferruginous;
hind femora and tibiae dull ferruginous except dark at joints, middle femora
and tibiae brownish, legs otherwise fuscous; fore wing lightly infuscated, ex-
cept broadly darker apically; hind wing subhyaline, darker at the tip. Pubes-
cence silvery over much of the body, brownish on the vertex, parts of the
thoracic Gorsum, and sides of the propodeum; head, prothorax, and tip of
abdomen with a few weak setae, the body otherwise without erect setae. Cly-
peus 2.5 X as wide as high, its apical margin subtruncate, actually slightly
convex, the margin slightly elevated and polished. Head subcircular in an-
terior view, the vertex raised in a smooth arc above the eye tops. Front mod-
erately broad, MID .59 X TFD; UID .95 X LID; POL:OOL=7:9. _ First
four antennal segments in a ratio of about 15:6:21:20, segment three .74 X
UID. Pronotum rather long, its posterior margin arcuate and with a weak
median notch; postnotum on the midline about a third the length of the meta-
notum; propodeum lightly impressed medially, its slope very low, with an ob-
lique declivity on the posterior third. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines,
the apical one only half the length of the second segment, the basal one very
small. Pulvillar pad and comb weakly developed; claws dentate. Hind wing
with the anal vein meeting the median vein well basad of the origin of cubitus;
fore wing with the transverse median vein meeting media well beyond the
origin of the basal vein; marginal cell removed from tip of wing by nearly twice
its own length; SMC2 1.8 X as wide as high, narrowed by slightly more than
half above, receiving both recurrent veins; SMC3 absent.

Allotype. — é, CALIFORNIA: Helendale, San Bernardino Co.. 27
May 1955 (W. R. M. Mason) [CNC].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

370 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Description of allotype male. — Length 4.5 mm.; fore wing 3.7 mm. Head
and thorax black except mandibles rufo-testaceous apically and pronotum with
a whitish stripe along the posterior margin, narrowly interrupted medially; ab-
domen brownish-fuscous except encircled with orange-brown on second seg-
ment, apex of first, and basal two-thirds of third; legs fuscous; wings subhya-
line except fore wing lightly infuscated on apical fourth. Pubescence exten-
sively silvery, brownish on parts of thoracic dorsum and on legs except silvery
on parts of the coxae and femora; body virtually devoid of erect hairs except
for a few on the upper front and some pale hairs on the temples and propleura.
Front subcircular in anterior view; vertex strongly arched above eye-tops; cly-
peus 1.7 X as wide as high, rounded below except subtruncate at extreme apex.
Front broad, MID .65 X TED; inner orbits diverging strongly above, UID
1.35 X LID; POL:0OL=9:10. First four antennal segments in a ratio of
about 10:5:6:8, segment three only 1.25 X as long as wide. Pronotum rather
long, subarcuate behind; postnotum at the midline about half as long as meta-
notum; propodeum with a median basal impression. Legs slender and not
strongly spinose; longer spur of hind tibia .8 the length of the basitarsus. Wings
as in female, except marginal cell relatively slightly longer, removed from wing
tip by only about 1.5 X its own length; SMC2 also longer, about twice as long
as high, narrowed by approximately half above. Abdomen very slender; S4
and 5 slightly emarginate behind, S6 with a strong, U-shaped emargination.
SGP tapering to a narrowly rounded apex, the basal appendages elongate (fig.
83). Genitalia with the parameres short, rod-like, much exceeded by the digiti;
basal hooklets strong; aedoeagus very slender, slightly exceeded by the stout
parapenial lobes (fig. 58).

Distribution. — Southern California and northern Baja California.
(Map 65.)

Paratypes. — BAJA CALIFORNIA: 2 ? @, same data as type [CAS,
MCZ]; CALIFoRNIA: | ¢, Surprise Canyon, Inyo Co., 5 May 1961
(P. M. Marsh) [UCD].

Variation. — The paratypes measure 5 to 6 mm. and resemble
the type closely in color of body and integument. MID varies from
59 to .61 X TFD, UID from .95 to 1.0 X LID; the third antennal
segment varies from .65 to .73 X UID. In one specimen the second
intercubital vein has a short stub arising from it, presumably a ves-
tige of the third intercubital. In the California females the middle
legs are black.

Subgenus XENOPOMPILUS Evans

Xenopompilus Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 46: 531-537 [Type species:
Pompilus (Xenopompilus) tlahuicanus Evans, original designation]

HOWARD E. EVANS 371

(proposed as subgenus of Pompilus). — Evans, 1960, Ent. News, 71:
165-169.

Subgeneric characters. — Length 3.5-10 mm.; known species black, males
with apical tergite white. Female with or without some dark setae on the
propodeum, male with coarse, suberect whitish pile on the propodeum; female
with a few weak setae at the apex of the abdomen and some short, suberect
setae on the inner side of the antennal flagellum. Front, in both sexes, rather
prominent above the antennal sockets, sloping steeply between the sockets, the
face below the sockets on a much lower plane than the front above. Pro-
notum arcuate or obtusely angulate behind; scutellum very prominent; post-
notum broadened medially, in the male nearly as broad medially as the meta-
notum; slope of propodeum sometimes with weak transverse rugae in female.
Legs rather weakly spinose, front tarsus of female without a comb. Apical
tarsal segments not spined beneath; pulvillar pad and comb weakly developed.
Last segment of front tarsus of male unmodified, symmetrical, inner claw of
this tarsus strongly curved, bifid, outer claw a little more curved than those of
the remaining tarsi, sub-bifid. Fore wing with three SMCs, the radial vein
somewhat angled at the third intercubital vein; hind wing with the anal vein
meeting media well before the origin of the cubitus. Male SGP simple, with-
out basal appendages. Genitalia with the parameres exceedingly short, club-
like; digiti and other appendages much exceeding the parameres; basal hook-
lets absent; aedoeagus simple, slender, elongate.

Distribution. — Central Mexico (Morelos, Puebla) north through
western Mexico to southern Arizona.

Remarks. — Only two species of this subgenus are known. Since
I have already treated the group twice, I shall cover it only briefly
here.

Key to Species

Labrum barely if at all exserted; thoracic dorsum with only a few short, in-
conspicuous setae; front femora of female not incrassate; third antennal seg-
ment of female slightly longer than fourth, equal to from .64 to .80 X UID;
male SGP moderately broad, margined with weak setae ..............ccc:scccceeseee

Labrum well exserted beyond apical margin of clypeus; thoracic dorsum with
numerous strong, dark setae in both sexes; front femora of female slightly
incrassate; third antennal segment of female not longer than fourth, equal to
from .55 to .63 X UID; male SGP slender, its margin fringed with stout setae
Be eee eee eee SRE eee oe SEE oe cette see at cee Seu crainee spistatuiacstl tarascanus Evans

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

372) MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Pompilus (Xenopompilus) tlahuicanus Evans

Pompilus (Xenopompilus) tlahuicanus Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 46:
534-535 [Type: 2, Mexico: MoreEtos: Alpuyeca, 27 June 1951
(PDH) (CAS) ]. — Evans, 1960, Ent. News, 71: 166-167.

Pompilus (Xenopompilus) tarahumarae Evans, 1953, op. cit., pp. 535-536
[Type: 9, Mexico: DurANGO: 10 km. N Nombre de Dios, 5 Aug.
1951 (HEE) (USNM, no. 61, 742)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1960.

Female. — Length 6.5-9.5 mm. Black, the pubescence strongly reflecting
bluish; fore wings moderately infuscated, darker along outer margin, with
strong bluish reflections; hind wings nearly hyaline, darker along outer margin.
Head and prothorax with erect setae in moderate abundance, the mesonotum
with a few, but the propodeum without erect setae. Labrum not or scarcely
exserted; clypeus about 2.7 X as wide as high, its margin with a narrowly ele-
vated rim. Front of moderate width, MID .54-.57 X TFD; UID .85-.95 X
LID; vertex elevated in a slight arc above the eye tops; POL:OOL about as 4:3.
Third antennal segment shorter than the first two together, but slightly longer
than fourth segment, measuring from .64 to .80 KX UID. Propodeum weakly
transversely rugulose on the sides of the declivity. Front femora not incrassate,
measuring 3.7 to 4.0 X as long as wide.

Male. — Length 3.8-7.8 mm. Black; pubescence silvery over most of the
body; wings hyaline, fore wing infuscated along outer margin, the infuscation
varying from fairly dark to almost absent. Clypeus about twice as broad as
high, truncate or weakly rounded below. Front of moderate breadth, MID
.59-.64 X TFD; eyes strongly diverging above, UID slightly less than MID.
1.20-1.35 X LID; ocelli in a broad triangle, POL:OOL about as 5:4. Third
antennal segment shorter than fourth segment, measuring 1.4-1.7 X as long as
thick. Third SMC much narrowed above, often triangular, occasionally short-
petiolate. SGP moderately broad, tapering evenly to a narrowly rounded apex.
Genitalia with the parameres bearing some long, slender setae on their inner
margin; digiti clothed with minute setae; parapenial lobes with an angulation
on the inner margin (see fig. 1 in Evans, 1953).

Distribution. — Puebla and Morelos to Arizona, chiefly in open,
semiarid country. (Map 66.)

Specimens examined. — 26 2? 2,30 8 6. PUEBLA: 1 ¢, Caca-
loapan, 26 Apr. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. More tos: 15 2 2, 22 4 4,
Alpuyeca & vic., about 3000 feet elevation, May, June (HEE, PDH)
[MCZ, CU, CIS, USNM, ENAC, CAS]; 7 2 2,5 é& 6, Cuernavaca
& vic., 4000-6500 feet, Mch., Apr., June (HEE, LS) [CU, UCD,
MCZ]. JaLisco: 2 2? °, Guadalajara, 13 July 1959, 5000 feet
(HEE) [MCZ]. DuraAnco: 1 ¢°, 10 km. N Nombre de Dios, 5 Aug.
1951 (HEE) [USNM]. CuHrHuAHuA: 1 ?, 25 km. S Chihuahua, 11
Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Arizona: 2 6 6, 5 mi. W Portal, Co-

HOWARD E. EVANS 37/3)

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@ Pompilus (Xenopompilus) tlahuicanus Evans See) ees
AP (X) torascanus Evans

chise Co., 5400 feet, 9-12 Sept. 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ].

Pompilus (Xenopompilus) tarascanus Evans

Pompilus (Xenopompilus) tarascanus Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 46:
536-537 [Type: 2, Mexico: MicHoacan: 5 km. W Zacapu, 13 July
1951 (PDH) (CAS) ].— Evans, 1960, Ent. News, 71: 167-168 (¢
described).

Female. — Length 5.5-8.0 mm. Black, the pubescence strongly bluish;
wings moderately infuscated, darker along outer margin, violaceous. Head
with abundant dark, erect setae; thoracic dorsum with sparse, dark setae;
propodeum with a few erect setae on each side. Labrum well exserted beyond
margin of clypeus, the latter nearly straight, without an elevated rim; clypeus
2.2 X as broad as high. Malar space fairly well developed, half the length of
the pedicel. MID .56-.63 X TFD; UID subequal to or slightly less than LID;
POL slightly greater than OOL in most specimens, but the reverse sometimes
true. Third antennal segment much shorter than the first two together, not
longer than the fourth segment, measuring from .55 to .63 X UID. Propodeum
without transverse rugae. Front femora slightly incrassate, measuring about
or slightly more than 3 X as long as wide.

Male. — Length 4.5-6.2 mm. Black; pubescence extensively silvery, but
dark bluish on vertex, parts of the thoracic dorsum, sides of the propodeum,
and abdomen; wings hyaline, fore wing with a narrow fuscous band apically.
Head and thoracic dorsum with numerous dark setae. Labrum well exserted;

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

374 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

clypeus about twice as broad as high. Third antennal segment shorter than
fourth, only about 1.3 XK as long as wide. Eyes slightly divergent above; POL
slightly exceeding OOL. Third SMC small, triangular or nearly so, in one
specimen short-petiolate. SGP narrow, tapering to an acute apex, its margin
with stout spines. Genitalia with both the parameres and digiti clothed with
heavy, dark setae (see figs. 1 and 2 in Evans, 1960).

Distribution. — Highlands of central Mexico: Michoacan, Mor-
elos, and state of Mexico. (Map 66.)

Specimens examined. —6 22, 6 646. MICHOACAN: 1 2, 5
km. W Zacapu, 13 July 1951 (PDH) [CAS]. Moretos: 1 2, Cuer-
navaca, 16 May 1959, 5500 feet (M. A. Evans) [MCZ]. Mexico:
4 29,6 é 6, Teotihuacan Pyramids, June, July, 7500 feet (HEE)
[CU, MCZ, USNM].

Subgenus PERISSOPOMPILUS Evans

Perissopompilus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 222-226 [Type spe-
cies: Pompilus phoenix Evans, original designation] (described as
subgenus of Pompilus).— Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 46:
531 (Mexican records).

Subgeneric characters. — Length 3-11 mm. Known species entirely black,
often with heavy silvery pubescence; body without erect setae on the pro-
podeum or on the abdomen, even at the apex. Clypeus truncate below. Front
and vertex rather dull, the surface minutely granulopunctate; line from the an-
tennal bases to the front ocellus deeply impressed. Third antennal segment in
female somewhat longer than fourth segment, in the male shorter than the
fourth segment, 1.2-2.1 K as long as thick. Pronotum arcuate to angulate be-
hind; postnotum as long as or nearly as long as metanotum medially. Front
basitarsus of female short, not over 5 X as long as wide, with only two small
comb-spines; apical tarsal segments smooth beneath or with from one to three
minute spines on the basal half. Last segment of front tarsus of male slender,
unmodified, the inner claw of this tarsus moderately curved, bifid, all other
claws dentate. Pulvillar pad and comb very small. Fore wing with the mar-
ginal cell short, removed from tip of wing by at least 1.5 X its own length;
SMC3 very small, triangular, or in one species entirely absent (fig. 21). Male
with S6 bearing a pair of weak to strong longitudinal carinae; SGP simple,
without basal appendages. Male genitalia with the parameres straight, rod-
like, shorter than the digiti, the latter simple and bearing short setae; basal
hooklets double; parapenial lobes stout, blunt apically; aedoeagus with an api-
cal expansion.

Distribution. — Deserts and semiarid plains, central Mexico to
California, Utah, and western Texas.

HOWARD E. EVANS 37/5)

Key to Species

Fore wing with a small third SMC;?8 body of female with a limited pattern of
silvery pubescence (or none at all), the mesopleura without silvery pubes-
cence; ultimate segments of middle and hind tarsi of female with from one
to three minute spines; parameres of male genitalia very slender, the aedo-
eagus with a conspicuous apical ExpaNSiON .............:.ceeeseneeees phoenix Evans

Fore wing only two SMCs; both sexes extensively clothed with coarse silvery
pubescence, including the mesopleura; ultimate tarsal segments completely
without spines beneath; parameres of male genitalia somewhat stouter, the
aedoeagus with only a weak apical expansion .................. perfasciatus Evans

Pompilus (Perissopompilus) phoenix Evans

Pompilus (Ammosphex) phoenix Evans, 1948, Pan-Pac. Ent., 24: 123-127
[Type: 6, Arizona: Phoenix, 11 July 1932 (CAS, no. 5952)].

Pompilus (Perissopompilus) phoenix Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77:
223-225. — Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 46: 531 (Mexican
records).

Female. — Length 5.0-10.5 mm. Black; fore wings moderately infuscated,
darker along outer margin, violaceous; hind wings subhyaline, darker at apex.
Pubescence dark, occasionally wholly so, but often silvery on parts of the head
and thorax and with apical silvery bands on the basal abdominal tergites. Cly-
peus about 3 X as broad as high, truncate below. Front of rather variable
width, MID from .45 to .57 X TFD; UID from .80 to .90 X LID; POL:OOL
about as 4:3. Third antennal segment equal to from .65 to 1.0 X UID.
Spines of tarsal comb from 1 to 2 X as long as width of tarsus. Fore wing
with three SMCs, the third small, often petiolate.

Male. — Length 3.5-7.0 mm. Black; wings hyaline, with a dark outer
marginal band; head and thorax strongly patterned with coarse silvery pubes-
cence, basal abdominal tergites also with strong apical bands of silvery pubes-
cence. Head rather broad, the eyes large; MID varying from .50 to .60 X
TFD; UID much exceeding LID; POL:OOL about as 4:3. Third antennal
segment from 1.3 to 2.0 X as long as thick. SMC3 nearly always petiolate.
S6 with a median area set off by carinae; SGP obtusely angulate apically;
genitalia as figured by Evans, 1951, fig. 177.

Distribution. — Open, semiarid country, from Puebla and Guer-
rero to California, Nevada, Utah, and western Texas. See Evans,
1951, for U. S. records. The Nevada record is based on a male from
Eastgate, Churchill Co. [CIS] and on a female from Nixon, Washoe
Co. [UCD]. (Map 67.)

28] have seen one specimen of phoenix (a male from Davis, California) with
only two SMCs in one wing, three in the other (but the third extremely small).

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOc., 20

376 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Mop 67

@ Pompilus (Perissopompilus) phoenix Evans
(also occurs in western U.S.)

A P. (P) perfasciatus Evans ‘
(also occurs in southwestern US)

Mexican specimens examined. — 11 2° 2,13 6 6. BAJA CALI-
FORNIA: 1 46, San Felipe, 20 Feb. 1954 (P. H. Arnaud) [MSU]; 1
?, 10 mi. E Bahia San Quintin, 10 Sept. 1955 (FXW) [CAS]; 1 ¢,
Km. 220 S Tijuana, 10 Sept. 1955 (FXW) [CAS]; 1 ¢, La Paz, 7
Oct. 1955 (FXW) [CAS]. Sonora: 2 ¢ 6, La Aduana, 22 May
1962 (FDP, LS) [UCD]. SINALoA: 1 ¢, 8 mi. SE Elota, 19 May
1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Duranco: 1 ¢, 10 mi. W Durango, 12 July
1954 (EIS) [CIS]. Hipatco: 2 2 2, Zimapan, 11-14 June 1951
(HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS]. Mexico: 3 ° 2, 2 ¢ 4, Teotihuacan
Pyramids, 7500 feet, June, July (PDH, HEE) [CIS; MCZ) Cul
PUEBLA: 2 22, 3 66, Tehuacan, 23 June 1951 (HEE, PDH)
[MCZ, CIS]; 2 ¢ ¢,1 6,3 mi. NW Petlalcingo, 3 Apr. 1962 (FDP)
[UCD]. GuERRERO: 1 2, 3 mi. N Chilpancingo, 19 March 1959,
4000 feet (HEE) [CU].

Pompilus (Perissopompilus) perfasciatus Evans

Pompilus (Perissopompilus) perfasciatus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
77: 225-226 [Type: 2, CALIFORNIA: Whitewater, Riverside Co., 9
July 1950 (JWM) (CAS) ]. — Evans, 1958, Ent. News, 69: 147-148,
151 (description of male).

HOWARD E. EVANS SHH

Female. — Length 4.5-7.0 mm. Black; fore wings clear hyaline to mod-
erately infuscated on the basal three-fourths, with a strong darker band on the
apical fourth; hind wings hyaline or lightly infuscated, darker apically. Body
clothed extensively with a coarse silvery pubescence, absent from the vertex,
parts of the thoracic dorsum, and the metapleura; abdomen more or less banded
with silvery pubescence. Clypeus 3.4-3.9 X as broad as high, truncate below.
Front rather broad, MID .56-.61 X TFD; UID .85-.90 X LID; POL:OOL
about as 5:3. Third antennal segment equal to from .45 to .58 X UID. Front
basitarsus short and with the comb-spines nearly or quite half the length of
the basitarsus. Fore wing with only two SMCs.

Male. — Length 3.5-4.5 mm. Black; wings hyaline, with a brownish band
on the apical fourth of the fore wing; body clothed with a coarse silvery pu-
bescence, especially prominent on the temples, posterior margin of pronotum,
mesopleura, and hind coxae; pubescence on abdominal tergites directed back-
ward except in broad apical bands, where it tends to diverge from the median
line. Head broad; eyes diverging above; POL:OOL about as 8:5. Third an-
tennal segment no longer than the second, not or barely longer than thick.
Wings as in female. S6 with a pair of weak carinae, by no means as strong
as in phoenix. Terminalia as figured by Evans, 1958, figs. 1 and 2, differing
from those of phoenix as expressed in the key.

Distribution. — Deserts of southern California and Arizona, with
a single record from Zacatecas, Mexico. (Map 67.)
Specimens examined. —10 °°, 3 86. CALIFORNIA: | @,

Whitewater, Riverside Co. [type, CAS]; | ¢°, Indio, Riverside Co.,
Apr. (PDH) [CIS]; 1 2, Hopkins Well, Riverside Co., Apr. (E. G.
Linsley) [CIS]; 1 2°, 18 mi. W Blythe, Riverside Co., 2 Apr. 1963
(RMB) [UCD]; 3 2° 2, 2 6 8, Borrego Valley dunes, San Diego
Co., Apr. (RMB) [UCD, MCZ]. Arizona: 1 6, 15 mi. NE Yuma,
Apr. (RHP) [MCZ]; 1 2, 8.3 mi. E Yuma, Mch. (JWM) [CIS];
1 ¢, 21 mi. N Yuma, 4 Apr. 1963 (FDP) [UCD]. Mexico: Zaca-
TECAS: 1 2, 9 mi. N Ojo Caliente, 12 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD].
Variation. — The Zacatecas specimen has the wings moderately
infuscated instead of hyaline as in the U. S. specimens, the apical
fuscous band thus contrasting less strongly to the base; also the ab-

domen is mostly dark-pubescent except for strong apical silvery bands
on T1-4.

Subgenus XEROCHARES Evans

Xerochares Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 218-221 [Type species:
Pompilus expulsus Schulz, original designation] (proposed as sub-
genus of Pompilus). — Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 46: 529.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

378 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Subgeneric characters. — Length 9-17 mm. Temples, propleura, front
coxae, mesopleura, and propodeum with abundant white hair. Clypeus trun-
cate below. Head thin, the temples not well developed; malar space fairly long
in male; head of male somewhat triangular in anterior view. Antennae slender,
third segment in female longer than first two together and longer than fourth,
third segment in male about as long as fourth segment. Pronotum arcuate be-
hind; postnotum a narrow transverse band. Front basitarsus of female with
three long, flattened comb-spines. Apical tarsal segments of female with from
one to three strong spines beneath near the base. Last segment of front tarsus
of male slender, unmodified, both claws of this tarsus bifid. Pulvillar comb
strong, in the female with about 20 setulae. Fore wing with the stigma small;
marginal cell about its own length from the wing tip; SMC3 strongly narrowed
above. Male SGP without basal appendages. Male genitalia with the para-
meres very slender, curved, about as long as the slender digiti; basal hookiets
strong, single; aedoeagus and parapenial lobes simple.

Distribution. — Deserts and semiarid plains, from Arizona to
Guatemala.
Remarks. — This subgenus contains but one species.

Pompilus (Xerochares) expulsus Schulz

Pompilus connexus Fox, 1893, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (2)4: 23 [Type: 2,
BAJA CALIFORNIA: San José del Cabo (G. Eisen) (CAS, no. 238) ]
(preoccupied by Cresson, 1869).

Pompilus expulsus Schulz, 1906, Spolia Hymen., p. 170 (n. name).

Psammochares arizonica Banks, 1910, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 18: 115 [Type:
9, ARIZONA: Palmerlee, May (MCZ, no. 13, 692) ].

Pompilus rubriventris Bradley, 1944, Notulae Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., no.
145, p. 9 (n. name for connexus Fox).

Pompilus (Xerochares) expulsus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 219-
221. — Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 46: 529.

Female. — Length 11.5-17 mm. Head and thorax black, abdomen bright
rufo-ferruginous; wings lightly infuscated, with a darker marginal band. Body
and legs clothed with a heavy, grayish-glaucous pubescence, replaced by dark
pubescence in a stripe across the vertex, parts of the thoracic dorsum, and a
band across the propodeum near its base. Upper front and vertex, also the
clypeus and part of the pronotum, with some dark hairs, the head, thorax, and
propodeum otherwise with whitish hairs; abdomen with strong dark setae at
the apex. Clypeus 2.4-2.5 X es wide as high; MID .58-.61 X TFD; UID .80-
.92 X LID; POL usually slightly less than OOL. Third antennal segment equal
to .85-.95 X UID. Apical comb-spine of front basitarsus considerably longer
than second tarsal segment.

Male. — Length 9-13.5 mm. Coloration of body, wings, and pubescence

HOWARD E. EVANS 379

essentially as in female, except the posterior margin of the pronotum with a
pale yellowish stripe. Erect hairs as in female except the abdomen with only
some short, weak setae. Clypeus 1.9-2.1 X as wide as high. Head about 1.25
X as wide as high; MID .58-.62 X TFD; eyes divergent to well above the
middle, then convergent at the top, UID usually measuring slightly greater
than LID. POL:OOL about as 2:3. Third antennal segment 2.0-2.4 X as
long as thick. SGP of moderate breadth, somewhat raised along the median
line, the apex narrowly truncate. Genitalia as described under the subgeneric
heading and as figured by Evans, 1951, fig. 172.

Distribution. — Southern New Mexico and Arizona to Baja Cali-
fornia and south through arid and semiarid parts of western Mexico
to Guatemala. For Arizona records, see Evans, 1951. The New
Mexico record is new and is based on a 2 in the USNM from Las
Cruces, May-June 1961 (L. D. Robberson). (Map 62.)

Mexican and Guatemalan specimens examined. —6 2° 2,17 8 8.
BAJA CALIFORNIA: 2 6 é6, 21 mi. N Mesquital, 27 Sept. 1941 (ESR
& GEB) [CAS]; 1 2, Angeles Bay, Gulf of California, 27 June (E. P.
VanDuzee) [CAS]; 2 ¢ 6, La Paz, 3 June (VanDuzee) [CAS]; 2
2 2, San José del Cabo (G. Eisen) [ANSP, CAS]; 1 ¢, Cabo San
Lucas, 16 Mch. 1953 (P. H. Arnaud) [CAS]; 1 ¢, 19.2 mi. W La
Paz, 31 Dec. 1958 (HBL) [CAS]; 1 ¢, 9 mi. S Todos Santos, 14
Jan. 1959 (HBL) [CAS]. Sonora: 1 ¢, La Aduana, 22 May 1962
(FDP, LS) [UCD]. Stnatoa: 1 2, 3 mi. N Elota, 18 Mch. 1962
(LS) [UCD]; 4 ¢¢, 8 mi. SE Elota, May, July (FDP) [UCD].
JALIsco: 1 36, Plan de Barrancas, 24 Mch. 1962 (FDP) [UCD].
MoreELos: 2 é 6, 3 mi. N Alpuyeca, 3400 feet, Apr., May 1959
(HEE) [MCZ, CU]; 1 3,4 mi. E Cuernavaca, 25 June 1959 (HEE)
[CU]; 1 ¢, 3 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 6500 feet, 26 June 1959 (HEE)
[MCZ]. GUATEMALA: 1 °, Antigua, 8 Aug. 1951 (RHP) [MCZ]:
1 8, Yepocapa, July 1948 (H. T. Dalmat) [USNM].

Subgenus AMMOSPHEX Wilcke

Ammosphex Wilcke, 1942, Ent. Berichten, 11: 25 [Type species: Pompilus
unguicularis Thomson, original designation]. — Evans, 1951, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 227-255 (U. S. spp.; subgenus of Pompilus).
— Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 46: 537-543 (Mexican spp.).

Anopompilinus Dreisbach, 1949, Ent. Amer., 29: 7, 10, 11, 34 [Type species:
Anopompilinus michiganensis Dreisbach, monobasic].

Subgeneric characters. — Length 3.5-12 mm.; black, the abdomen some-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

380 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

times rufous (but not in the species considered here). Body with a variable
amount of erect hair, the propodeum at most moderately hairy, the hairs dark
when present. Malar space virtually absent; antennae elongate, segment three
in the male at least twice as long as thick. Pronotum rather sharply angulate
behind. Front tarsus of female with a comb of short or moderately long
spines, the basitarsus bearing three comb-spines (but in zapotecus the tarsal
comb is absent or virtually so). Apical tarsal segments of female with a more
or less complete row of spines beneath. Last segment of front tarsus of male
with a strong lobe on the inner margin, both claws of this tarsus bifid, the
inner claw strongly curved. Pulvillar comb moderately well developed, in the
female of about 12 setulae. Fore wing with the marginal cell short, at least
1.3 X its own length from the wing tip; SMC2 and 3 small, often higher than
wide, much narrowed above. Genitalia with the basal hooklets double, the
parameres elongate, generally exceeding all the other parts; parapenials shorter
than the aedoeagus, the latter bearing a series of small denticles on its margin
toward the apex.

Distribution. — This subgenus is mainly Holarctic in distribution.
Several of the Nearctic species extend into the Mexican highlands,
and the several endemic Mexican forms are closely related to and
probably derived from species occurring in western United States.
There are no records from south of Mexico, but I collected angularis
volcanicus in good series in mountains less than 100 miles from the
Guatemala border.

Remarks. — The members of this subgenus can be said to fall in-
to three species-groups, here called the angularis, solonus, and luc-
tuosus groups. Within each.of these groups (especially the first two)
the females are exceedingly difficult to separate, and the key presented
below is by no means wholly satisfactory for this sex. In addition to
covering the nine forms occurring in Mexico, I have included, at the
end of the subgenus, the description of a new species of the luctuo-
sus group from California. This species is not included in the keys,
but characters are presented under that species which serve to sep-
arate it from other members of its complex.

Key to Species

Females

1]. Propodeum with an abundance of long, dark setae; thoracic dorsum also
with a number of strong setae; integument dark steel blue, overlaid with
bluish pubescence (/uctuosus group) .............-- occidentalis (Dreisbach)

HOWARD E. EVANS 381

Propodeum not hairy or with a few weak hairs on the sides; thoracic dor-
SUMMEV.EDYIS DATS CLYARW.C AR IVaIS CLOSC Messen stecasecstecse-censereecrenccuemescccenccserereassee ese 2;
Marginal cell removed from wing tip by 1.7-2.2 X its own length; body
rather bluish; front and vertex rather narrow, third antennal segment
2S 2 =e OPS WMD IE (SOLOS CHOU) iy ecceeeccssscoe- snc scasceseecsverssseeectnecuccesesestecensac’ 3
Marginal cell small, removed from wing tip by 2.5-3.0 X its own length;
body black, pubescence with rather obscure bluish reflections if any
(angularis group)
Tarsal comb strongly developed; length 7.5-12 mm.; third antennal seg-
ment distinctly longer than first two combined ...............ccccccccccsesssceesenees
BR rere solonus solonus (Banks) and solonus teotihuacanus Evans
Tarsal comb absent, the second tarsal segment with a minute spine on the
inner side near the middle or none at all; length 6-8 mm.; third anten-
nal segment subequal to or very slightly longer than the first two together

Re ee eee cn ea ecco ee eestor as ca se Sud ouahucoe ag lea cousouvaa bas sbasencesaes zapotecus Cameron
Third antennal segment equal to or very slightly longer than the first two
together, equal to from .71-.92 XK UID; front narrow, MID .53-.56 X
TU 8] D) Sagasccoscedeecodanadae ting Pacescener Rccecn one eee Ee eee C ich ie aeetrere renner parvulus (Banks)
Third antennal segment in most specimens very slightly shorter than the
first two together, equal to from .60 to .78 X UID; MID .55-.61 X
“TETBD ee Gocco Sacecsccascoceaet er ocac ce trea cee nescbeo acct ce eee eee ee rec eee ence Perens 5
Comb-spines in most specimens measuring slightly longer than the width
of the tarsus at their base; pubescence mostly if not entirely dark, occa-
sionally cinereous or somewhat silvery on the lower front .... otomi Evans
Comb-spines not longer than the width of the tarsus; pubescence usually
silvery on the lower front, sometimes also on the temples, clypeus, and
Pants ofethe thonaxecesess--e-eceees-eeeee ee eeeees angularis angularis (Banks) and
angularis volcanicus Evans

Males

SGP nearly flat and with a subapical pencil of long setae; propodeum with
some dark setae (Juctuosus group) .........:..0000+ occidentalis (Dreisbach)
SGP without a long pencil of setae subapically, if with a short pencil or
tuft then the disc elevated medially; propodeum not or barely hairy .... 2
Marginal cell removed from wing tip by less than 2.5 X its own length;
SGP with a small tuft of setae subapically which usually stand above
the surrounding setae; aedoeagus simple (solonus group) .................0+ 3
Marginal cell removed from wing tip by more than 2.5 X its own length;
SGP without such a tuft of setae which stand out above the others;
aedoeagus with its margins sinuate so as to delimit three broadened por-
tions along the shaft (angularis BrOUP) ............:sssesececsccceeseceeeeeeessesseeeeees 5
SGP with a median carina, a row of partially erect setae along the carina
and an inconspicuous subapical tuft; parameres broad (fig. 55) ............
Re eee tet se ermB cate neta eitoce caetase eT sieutived ddedenese’ zapotecus Cameron

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

382 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Median portion of SGP more broadly covered with bristling, almost fully
erect setae, the subapical tuft conspicuous; parameres much more slender

BE ECC eee COREE ERE PEC e ea eon ee SE SOc Er on pecsHaEE Slide docs deck caerhabhaceoonenedoboce 4
4. Parameres slightly expanded on the apical half; major part of disc of SGP
elevated and bristly <...........-ccccccncccecccccccoccosseseseve solonus solonus (Banks)

Parameres very slender, linear; SGP rather narrowly elevated medially ......
So ee or orca c ee aepoocrsbocreedcccaccdondseaasbedebueo solonus teotihuacanus Evans
5. SGP slender and with the sides tapering evenly to a narrow, subacute apex;

parameres with dense, bushy hairs apically ...............-.-:.::ccceeeeeeeecereeeenee 6
SGP broader and not tapering evenly to a subacute apex; parameres not
bushy-haired apically «..0:ccs0ccccesesiceesessccccsesssvsnsccevavesetcenssvestecestesstoammeneanrene 7

6. Parameres slender and attenuate apically, much exceeding the digiti ..........
sadussbabel.cacsewmansuseaeese behead suses caeteecaeceeeete ems cee amen ee angularis angularis (Banks)
Parameres broad and blunt apically, exceeding the digiti only slightly ........
Res Cope cae aE nae Se Ree aaonoG aCe RconacoBIGsODONOD angularis volcanicus Evans

7. SGP with some longer, partially erect setae in a group on each side near
the sinuation of the margin; parameres with the setae toward the base
laterally erect and bristling .......................- anomalus durangoanus Evans

SGP without a group of setae on each side which are notably longer and
more erect than other setae on the plate; setae toward the base of the
Parameres more OF less APPTESSe ................seccsssessessceceessceceesssnsteceeseaneees 8

8. SGP rather distinctly elevated medially, the outer part of the disc as well
as the margin with rather coarse setae, those on the disc partially erect;
parameres with rather long setae apically ....................::0000 otomi Evans

SGP less distinctly elevated medially and with only small setae on the disc
and apical margin; parameres more weakly setose apically ..................0+-
parvulus (Banks)

Angularis Species-group

The three species of this group occurring in the United States
were treated by me in 1951, but the characters which I presented for
separating the females have since proved less than completely reliable.
The situation in Mexico is complicated by the fact that two of these
species have a subspecies occurring in the highlands of central Mexico,
characterized chiefly by slight genitalic differences, while the typical
forms of at least two (and probably all three) of these species enter
extreme northern Mexico. In addition, still another species occurs at
high altitudes in central Mexico. Within this complex, only the male
terminalia provide truly reliable characters for identification. Females
taken without males can sometimes be placed tentatively by locality
and altitude or by use of the provisional characters indicated in the
above key. I have omitted from consideration the females of ano-

HOWARD E. EVANS 383

malus anomalus (Dreisbach), not yet recorded from Mexico, and of
anomalus durangoanus Evans. The males of the latter form have
been taken in only two localities, and the females which I formerly
associated with them I now feel may belong with angularis volcanicus;
at least they cannot be separated from that form by any known
characters.

Pompilus (Ammosphex) angularis angularis (Banks)

Psammochares angularis Banks, 1910, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 18: 115 [Type:
6, CALIFORNIA: Claremont (C. F. Baker) (MCZ, no. 13, 676)]

Pompilus (Ammosphex) angularis Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77:
232-234.

Pompilus (Ammosphex) angularis angularis Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
46: 538.

Rather than provide a description for this form, which occurs
only in extreme northern Mexico and which I described fully in 1951,
I shall merely indicate its differences from the widely distributed Mexi-
can angularis volcanicus, considered below. The males of typical an-
gularis have the parameres much longer than the digiti and distinctly
attentuate apically (as figured by me in 1951, Fig. 181), while in a.
volcanicus the parameres are decidedly blunt and only slightly longer
than the digiti; thus these two forms can be separated only by ex-
tending the genitalia at least enough to study the tips of the para-
meres. Females of the nominate subspecies show considerable varia-
tion in the width of the front (MID .55-.61 X TFD) and also often
have more silvery pubescence on the body than in volcanicus; they
also rather commonly have the comb-spines somewhat longer than
the width of the tarsus, while in females which I have taken in close
association with male angularis volcanicus they are consistently no
longer than the width of the tarsus. However, the two forms are not
clearly separable in this sex. I would expect to find males in the
mountains of Chihuahua and Sonora with parameres of intermediate
length between those typical of the two subspecies.

Distribution. — Transcontinental in North America, north to Mas-
sachusetts and to Yukon, south to Baja California and Texas, but ap-
parently absent from the southeastern United States.

Mexican specimens examined. —1 2. BAJA CALIFORNIA: 1 2,

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

384 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Sierra San Pedro Martir, 6500 feet, 1 June 1958 (J. Powell) [CIS].
(Map 68.)

Pompilus (Ammosphex) angularis volcanicus Evans

Pompilus (Ammosphex) angularis volcanicus Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc.
Amer., 46: 540-541 [Type: 6, MExico: MExico: Nevado de Toluca,
about 11,300 feet, 11 July 1951 (PDH) (CAS)].

Female. — Length 4.5-7.5 mm. Black; pubescence mostly dark, obscurely
reflecting bluish, nearly always silvery on the sides of the lower front, some-
times also on the temples, clypeus, and parts of the thorax; wings lightly to
moderately infuscated, somewhat violaceous, darker along the outer margin.
Clypeus 2.8-3.1 X as wide as high, its apical margin rather strongly concave
medially. Front rather narrow, MID .55-.58 X TFD; UID .80-.90 X LID;
POL and OOL about equal. Third antennal segment usually very slightly
shorter than first two together, measuring from .67-.78 KX UID. Slope of pro-
podeum low, obliquely declivous on posterior third; propodeum without erect
hairs. Spines of tarsal comb not longer than width of tarsus, or barely so, the
apical spine on the basitarsus 0.4-0.5 X the length of the second tarsal segment.
Marginal cell of fore wing 2.5-3.0 X its own length from the wing tip; SMC2
and 3 both small, strongly narrowed above.

Male. — Length 4.5-6.5 mm. Black; head, thorax and base of abdomen
extensively silvery-sericeous; wings hyaline to lightly infuscated, broadly darker
along outer margin. MID .56-.60 X TFD; UID and LID subequal; POL and
OOL subequal. Third antennal segment 2.0-2.3 X as long as thick, slightly
shorter than fourth segment. Marginal cell of fore wing at least 2.5 X its own
length from wing tip; third discoidal cell at least twice its own length from wing
margin. SGP with its margins tapering evenly to a narrowly rounded apex,
covered with minute setulae but without coarse, partially erect setulae (much as
in a. angularis, as figured by Evans, 1951, fig. 208). Genitalia with the para-
meres rather broad and blunt apically, long-setose, slightly exceeding the digiti;
aedoeagus rather slender and somewhat pointed apically (parameres and vol-
sellae figured by Evans, 1953, fig. 8).

Distribution. — Sierra Madre Occidentale and mountains of cen-
tral and southern Mexico, from 5500 to over 11,000 feet, but most
prevalent between 7000 and 8000 feet. This form is sometimes com-
mon in clearings in forests, especially beneath oak trees. (Map 68.)

Mexican specimens examined. —31 2? 2, 60 6 86. DURANGO:
72°,3 6 6, El Salto, about 8000 feet, 3 Aug. 1951 (PDH, HEE)
[CAS, CIS, MCZ]. SrnALoa: 1 ¢, 6 mi. NE Potrerillos, 19 Mch.
1962 (LS) [UCD]. MicHoacan: 2 2? 2,5 km. W Zacapu, 13 July
1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS]; 1 2, Tuxpan, 6000 feet, 7 July

HOWARD E. EVANS 385

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Map 68 R )
2 A aN

O Pompilus (Ammosphex) a. angularis (Banks) j
(also transcontinental in U.S.) 3
@ P (A) a. volcanicus Evans

1959 (HEE) [MCZ]. Mexico: 1 ¢, 1 6, Valle de Bravo, 6500
feet, 3 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 2, 1 &, Nevado de Toluca,
about 11,300 feet, 11 July 1951 (PDH) [CAS]; 3 ¢ 2,1 ¢, Teoti-
huacan Pyramids, 7500 feet, 3 July 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 3,
W Slope Popocatepetl, 10,000 feet, 19 May 1959 (HEE) [CU].
MorELos: 9 2 ?, 36 8 6, 3-4 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 6500-7500
feet, Apr.-June 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ, USNM, CIS]; 2 2 2, 3
$6, 4 mi. E Cuernavaca, 6000 feet, 25 June 1959 (HEE) [CU];
2 6 6, Cuernavaca, 5500 feet, 5 March 1959 (HEE) [CU]. CaulI-
APAS: 1 8, Nachic, 8000 feet, 27 April 1959 (HEE) [MCZ];5 2 ¢,
10 ¢ 6, San Cristobal las Cases, 7500 feet, 25-30 April 1959 (HEE)
[MCZ, CU].

Pompilus (Ammosphex) anomalus durangoanus Evans

Pompilus (Ammosphex) anomalus durangoanus Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc.
Amer., 46: 541 [Type: 6, Mexico: DuRANGO: El Salto, about 8000
feet, 3 Aug. 1951 (HEE) (USNM no. 61, 738)].

This is a decidedly weak subspecies, separable from a. anomalus
(which doubtless will be found to occur in extreme northwestern
Mexico) only by having the parameres of the male genitalia more

MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 20

386 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

slender and weakly setose. Typical anomalus was described by Dreis-
bach, 1950, Amer. Midl. Nat., 42: 725-726 (terminalia figured, Figs.
1 and 2) and redescribed by me 1951 (terminalia figured, Figs. 180
and 210). Anopompilinus arnaudi Dreisbach (1952, Amer. Midl.
Nat., 48: 153-154) is a synonym.

Female. — Unknown; or more probably indistinguishable from other mem-
bers of this complex.

Male. — Length 4.5-5.5 mm. Black; head, thorax, and base of abdomen
extensively silvery; wings nearly hyaline, broadly darker along outer margin.
MID .58-.61 X TFD; UID subequal to or slightly exceeding LID; POL and
OOL subequal. Third antennal segment somewhat more than twice as long as
thick, slightly shorter than fourth segment. Marginal cell of fore wing 2.7-3.0
X its own length from wing tip; third discoidal cell about 1.5 X as wide as high.
SGP of rather variable shape, but the sides not approaching evenly as in the
preceding species, always somewhat sinuate and often abruptly so, the apical
part of the plate then very slender; plate always with an area of rough, partially
erect setulae near the sinuation of the sides (as in a. anomalus, as figured in
Evans, 1951, fig. 210, but allowance must be made for variation in the shape
of the plate). Genitalia with the parameres slender, without long, bushy setae
apically, clothed with rather short setae which, toward the base, are somewhat
bristling (but shorter than in a. anomalus); digiti clothed with minute setulae;
aedoeagus somewhat less acute apically than in angularis, more so than in par-
vulus and otemi (see Evans, 1953, fig. 5).

Map 69

A Pompilus (Ammosphex) anomalus durangoanus Evans
O P. (A) s. solonus (Banks)
@ P. (A) s. teotihuacanus (Evans)

HOWARD E. EVANS 387

Distribution. — High altitudes, Durango to Puebla. (Map 69.)
Specimens examined. —7 8&6. DURANGO: 5 ¢ 4, El Salto,
about 8000 feet, 3 Aug. 1951 (HEE, PDH) [USNM, CIS, MCZ].
DISTRITO FEDERAL: 1 38, Topilejo, 16 May 1959, about 9000 feet
(HEE) [MCZ]. PuEBLa: 1 ¢, Zacatepec, 1 Apr. 1962 (LS) [UCD].

Pompilus (Ammosphex) parvulus (Banks)

Pcmipiloides parvulus Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 227-228 [Type:
2, CoLorapo: Boulder, 22 Aug. 1908 (S. A. Rohwer) (USNM, no.
20, 119)].

Pompilus (Ammosphex) parvulus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77:
234-237.

Pompilus (Ammosphex) parvulus tepahuanus Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc.
Amer., 46: 542 [Type: 6, MExico: DuRANGO: El Salto, about 8000
feet, 3 Aug. 1951 (PDH) (CAS)]. New synonym.

This is a rather variable species, and a more careful study has
convinced me that there is no basis for regarding the Durango and
Zacatecas population as subspecifically distinct from that of the west-
ern United States.

Female. — Length 5-10.5 mm. Black; pubescence mostly or wholly dark,
in some specimens cinereous or silvery on the lower front; wings lightly to mod-
erately infuscated, darker along the outer margin, somewhat violaceous. Cly-
peus 2.7-3.0 X as wide as high, its apical margin truncate or weakly concave.
Front narrow, MID .53-.56 X TFD; UID .80-.85 X LID; POL equal to or
slightly greater than OOL. Third antennal segment about equal to or slightly
longer than the first two together, measuring from .71 to .92 X UID. Slope
of propodeum low, obliquely declivous on posterior third, surface without erect
hairs. Spines of the tarsal comb about as long as the width of the tarsus, or
very slightly longer, the apical spine on the basitarsus about half the length of
the second segment. Marginal cell of fore wing removed from wing tip by
2.5-3.0 X its own length.

Male. — Length 4.5-8 mm. Black; head, thorax, and base of abdomen
extensively silvery-sericeous; wings subhyaline, with a fuscous marginal band.
MID .56-.63 X TFD; UID subequal to LID or very slightly less; POL usually
slightly exceeding OOL. Third antennal segment slightly over twice as long as
thick, subequal to or slightly shorter than fourth segment. SGP with only small
setae, as in angularis, but the plate wider and less evenly tapering apically than
in that species, often somewhat truncate apically. Genitalia with the parameres
moderately wide near the middle, tapering toward the apex, the ventral surface
clothed with small setae which are not at all bristling and which are barely
longer apically than elsewhere; digiti rather broad apically and very weakly

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

388 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

setose; aedoeagus somewhat more rounded apically than in the preceding two
species (see Evans, 1951, fig. 179, also 1953, fig. 3).

Distribution. — Western North America, chiefly in mountains and
foothills, Zacatecas and Baja California to Alberta and Oregon.
(Map 70.)

Mexican specimens examined. —10 22, 4 88. Baga CALI
FORNIA: 1 2, Descanso, 1 Sept. 1955 (RMB) [UCD]. Duranco:
5 22,4 8 8, El Salto, about 8000 feet, 3 Aug. 1951 (PDH, HEE)
[CAS, CIS, MCZ]. Zacatecas: 4 2 ¢, 15 km. E Sombrerete, about
7000 feet, 28-31 July 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS].

Pompilus (Ammosphex) otomi Evans, new status

Pompilus (Ammosphex) parvulus otomi Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
46: 542-543 [Type: 6, Mexico: Hipatco: Zimapan, 11-14 June
1951 (HEE) (USNM, no. 61, 739)].

This species is closely related to parvulus and bears somewhat the
same relation to that species as does volcanicus to angularis and du-
rangoanus to anomalus. However, in this case the degree of struc-
tural divergence is somewhat greater, and I shall tentatively regard
otomi as a full species.

Female. — Length 4-7 mm. Black; pubescence dark, somewhat viola-
ceous, Occasionally cinereous or somewhat silvery on the sides of the lower front;
wings moderately infuscated, with a darker marginal band, distinctly violaceous.
Clypeus about or somewhat more than 3 X as wide as high, truncate or slightly
concave below. MID .55 to .61 X TFD; UID .80-.85 X LID; POL and OOL
subequal. Third antennal segment usually distinctly shorter than the first two
together, equal to only from .60 to .75 X UID. Slope of propodeum low,
median line weakly impressed, surface without erect hairs. Spines of the tarsal
comb in most specimens measuring slightly longer than the width of the tarsus
at their base (1.0-1.4 X), the apical basitarsal spine 0.5-0.8 X the length of
the second segment. Marginal cell of fore wing removed from wing tip by
2.5-3.0 X its own length.

Male. — Length 3.5-7.0 mm. Black; body extensively silvery-sericeous;
wings subhyaline, the apical margin with a broad fuscous band. MID .56-.62
X TFD; UID subequal to or slightly greater than LID; POL and OOL about
equal. Third antennal segment 2.2-2.5 X as long as thick, subequal to or
slightly shorter than fourth segment. SGP tapering to a broadly rounded apex,
its median line rather strongly raised above the disc; margin armed with stout
setae on the apical half, and apical part of disc wholly covered with rather
strong, partially erect setae (see fig. 7 in Evans, 1953). Genitalia in general

HOWARD E. EVANS 389

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© Pompilus (Ammosphex) parvulus (Banks) j
(also occurs in western U.S.) A Zoe
@ P (A) otomi Evons

very similar to those of parvulus, but the parameres with much longer setae
apically, although these setae are less dense and slightly shorter than in angu-
laris volcanicus (see fig. 6 in Evans, 1953).

Distribution. — This species occupies a rather restricted range in
the volcanic belt of central Mexico, from Michoacan to Puebla. It
has been taken at altitudes from about 7000 to about 10,000 feet.
I have taken it at the same time and place as angularis volcanicus on
some occasions, but my impression is that otomi is most prevalent
above 9000 feet, volcanicus most likely to be encountered below that
height. (Map 70.)

Specimens examined. — 28 2° 2,52 6 6. MICHOACAN: | 2°,
Huajumbaro, 7600 feet, 5 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. Mexico: 2
292,12 6 6, Agua Bendita & vic., 9000-10,000 feet, 4 Aug. 1962
(HEE) [MCZ]; 2 22,5 38 6, W Slope Popocatepetl, about 10,000
feet, Mch., May, July (HEE) [MCZ, CU]. Distrriro FEDERAL: 1
2, 3 66, Topilejo & vic., 9000-10,000 feet, May, July (HEE)
[MCZ, CU]; 3 2 2, Puerto de las Cruces, about 10,000 feet, May,
Aug. (HEE, CY) [MCZ]. Hipatco: 8 ¢ 2, 11 4 6, Zimapan, 11-
14 June 1951 (HEE) [USNM, CU, MCZ]. PugEBLa: 4 2 2, 11
6 6, 14 mi. W Huauchinango, 17 June 1951 (PDH, HEE) [CIS,

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

390 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

CU, MCZ]. Moretos: 7 ¢ 2,10 6 6, 9 mi. N Cuernavaca, May-
July, 7500-8500 feet (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CU, CIS].

Solonus Species-group

This small complex of three species occupies a position inter-
mediate between the angularis and luctuosus groups. The species
tend to be bluer and are often larger than in the angularis group, and
there may be a small amount of erect hair on the propodeum. The
terminalia are more like those of the Juctuosus group, but the pencil
of setae on the subgenital plate is short and inconspicuous. The most
widely distributed species of this group, solonus, has a distinctive
subspecies in the highlands of central Mexico, and in this area there
occurs a second species, zapotecus Cameron, probably a derivative of
solonus. ‘The third species of this complex, silvivagus Evans, ranges
from Texas and Colorado to California and has not yet been taken in
Mexico, although it doubtless occurs in the northern part. I formerly
considered silvivagus a subspecies of solonus, but it is now apparent
that the ranges of the two forms overlap widely.

Pompilus (Ammosphex) solonus solonus (Banks)

Pompiloides solonus Banks, 1914, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 22: 303 [Type: 2,
ARIZONA: Garces, August (Biederman) (MCZ, no. 13, 672)].

Pompilus (Ammosphex) solonus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77:
239-241.

Pompilus (Ammosphex) solonus solonus Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
46: 538.

Since this form occurs only in extreme northern Mexico and dif-
fers only slightly from solonus teotihuacanus, described below, and
since I described it fully in 1951, I shall not present a description
here. The males exhibit minor but constant differences in the termi-
nalia from s. teotihuacanus, as indicated in the key. The females of
the two forms cannot be clearly separated; the solonus solonus females
which I have seen average smaller in size and in general are some-
what more intensely bluish than in s. teotihuacanus.

Distribution. — Arizona, Utah, California, and northern Baja
California. See Evans, 1951, for U. S. records. (Map 69.)

Mexican specimens examined. —2 2 2, BAJA CALIFORNIA: 1
2, Sierra San Pedro Martir, 5 mi. NE Encantada, 9000 feet, 31 May

HOWARD E. EVANS 391

1958 (JP) [CIS]; 1 ¢, Sierra San Pedro Martir, 3 mi. S Encinas, 3
june 19585 QP) [CIs]:

Pompilus (Ammosphex) solonus teotihuacanus Evans

Pompilus (Ammosphex) solonus teotihuacanus Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent. Soc.
Amer., 46: 538-540 [Type: 6, Mexico: Mexico: Teotihuacan Pyra-
mids, 6 July 1951 (HEE) (USNM, no. 61, 737)].

Female. — Length 9.5-12 mm. Integument black with a weak bluish
luster; pubescence wholly dark, with fairly strong bluish or blue-green reflec-
tions; fore wing moderately infuscated, darker along outer margin, violaceous;
hind wings subhyaline, darker apically. Scape hairy beneath; head rather
strongly setose; thoracic dorsum and sides of the propodeal declivity sparsely
setose. Clypeus about 3 X as wide as high, truncate or weakly concave below.
Front narrow, MID .53-.55 X TED; eyes subparallel below, but rather strongly
convergent above, UID .75-.85 X LID; POL:OOL about as 5:4. Third an-
tennal segment much longer than first two together, equal to from .88 to .95
X UID. Comb-spines of front tarsus from 2-3 X as long as width of tarsus
at their base, apical basitarsal spine 0.7-1.0 X as long as second tarsal segment.
Marginal cell of fore wing from 1.7-2.0 X its own length from the wing tip.

Male. — Length 5-10 mm. Black, integument often with a faint bluish
luster; pubescence bluish or blue-green except silvery or cinereous over much
of the head, leg-bases, and ventral parts of the thorax, sometimes silvery over
most of the thorax and base of the abdomen; wings lightly to moderately in-
fuscated, with a darker marginal band. Scape hairy below; head and pro-
thorax rather strongly setose; propodeum with or without weak setae on the
sides. Front rather narrow, UID subequal to or slightly exceeding LID; ocelli
about as in female. Third antennal segment somewhat more than twice as
long as thick, about equal to fourth segment. SGP with the sides tapering to
a narrowly rounded apex; median area strongly elevated, covered with short,
erect, bristling setae; posteriorly, at the end of the median elevation and just
before the tip of the plate, there is a group of somewhat longer setae. Geni-
talia with the parameres extremely slender, linear, much exceeding the digiti
and bearing some rather long setae apically; digiti wholly covered with short
setae ventrally; aedoeagus rounded apically, the apical margin spinose (see fig.
2 in Evans, 1953).

Distribution. — Moderately high altitudes (6200-7500 feet),
southern Chihuahua to Morelos and the state of Mexico. The Chi-
huahua records are based on females only, and although these females
are very similar to the allotype of teotihuacanus, no clear-cut charac-
ters are known for separating this form from typical solonus. Pre-
sumably there is a zone of intergradation in Chihuahua, for southern

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

392 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Arizona males all belong clearly to s. solonus. (Map 69.)

Specimens examined. —8 °°, 8 8 8. CHIHUAHUA: 2 2° 9,
Santa Barbara, 6200 feet, 23 April, 13 May 1947 (G. M. Bradt)
[AMNH]. DuRANGo: 1 6, La Resolana, 21 Feb. 1953 (EIS) [CIS].
ZACATECAS: 2 8 6, 15 km. E Sombrerete, about 7000 feet, 28-31
July 1951 (PDH, HEE) [CIS, MCZ]. HmpAtco: 3 2 °, Pachuca
& vic., 7300-7900 feet, June-July [KU]; 1 2°, Tulancingo, 6750 feet,
14 June 1961 [KU]. Mexico: 2 ° °,3 8 6, Teotihuacan Pyramids,
about 7500 feet, June-July 1951 (HEE, PDH) [USNM, MCZ, CiS].
MorELos: 2 6 6, 4 mi. NW Cuernavaca, about 7500 feet, 26-28
June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ, CU].

Pompilus (Ammosphex) zapotecus Cameron

Pompilus zapotecus Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 193, pl.
11, fig. 11 [Type: 2, Mexico: GUERRERO: Xucumanatlan, 7000
feet (HHS) (BMNH, no. 19, 694)].— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hymen.,
VIII, p. 336.

This species has not been recognized since its description. Cam-
eron’s statement that the sides of the propodeum project as “blunt
teeth” is erroneous; in the type (which otherwise agrees perfectly with
his description and figure) the propodeum merely has the usual ob-
lique declivity, the sides of which are not notably protuberant.
Although the tarsal comb is absent in this species, it is otherwise
strikingly like solonus and is probably a specialized derivative of
that species.

Description of type female. — Length 7.5 mm.; fore wing 6 mm. Body
dark steel blue, overlaid by a fine pubescence which reflects various shades of
blue and blue-green, except the pubescence brownish on the scape, clypeus,
mesosternum, and the coxae beneath, also with silvery reflections on the lower
front and temples; fore wings rather strongly infuscated, with a broadly darker
apical margin, strongly violaceous; hind wings lightly infuscated, darker api-
cally. Head and prothorax with a few weak setae, the propodeum without
setae. Head 1.18 X as wide as high; labrum partially exserted; clypeus 3 X
as wide as high, its apical margin rather strongly concave. Front narrow, MID
54 X TFD; MID 1.15 X LID; UID .85 X LID. Temples very narrow; ver-
tex passing straight across between tops of eyes. Ocelli in a right triangle;
POL:OOL=10:9. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 17:8:25:
20, segment three equal to .86 X UID. Pronotum broadly angulate behind;
postnotum medially slightly more than half the length of the metanotum; pro-

HOWARD E. EVANS 393

podeum sloping weakly in front, with an oblique, slightly concave declivity on
the posterior third. Front basitarsus with two short, stout spines close to-
gether near the middle, also two more at the apex, but without a distinct series
of comb-spines, the second segment also without a spine at the middle and
only some short apical spines. Apical tarsal segments spined beneath, but the
spines mostly confined to the basal half of the segment. Longer spur of hind
tibia .66 X the length of the basitarsus. Fore wing with the marginal cell
twice its own length from the wing tip; SMC2 and 3 about equal in size, both
narrowed by slightly more than half above.

Male. — Length 4.3-6.3 mm. Integument black, with obscure dark steel-
blue reflections; pubescence silvery over much of the head, thorax, legs, ab-
dominal venter and basal parts of basal tergites, on the vertex and parts of
the thoracic dorsum and abdomen dark, brownish-violaceous; wings lightly in-
fuscated, darker along outer margin. Head and prothorax with a few thin
setae, the body otherwise without setae. Head about 1.2 X as wide as high.
Clypeus about 2.3 X as wide as high, its lower margin evenly concave, the
labrum strongly exserted beyond the concavity. Front narrow, MID .56-.60
X TFD; UID subequal to or slightly exceeding LID; ocellar triangle rather
compact, POL equal to or slightly less than OOL. First four antennal seg-
ments in a ratio of about 12:6:13:13, segment three 3 X as long as thick.
Pronotum strongly angulate behind; postnotum as long as metanotum; pro-
podeum weakly impressed medially. Last segment of front tarsus strongly
lobed on the inner margin as usual in this subgenus. Legs relatively weakly
spinose; longer spur of hind tibia .7 the length of the basitarsus. Fore wing
with the marginal cell 2.0-2.2 X its own length from the wing tip; SMC2 and
3 both small and strongly narrowed above. S6 with a strong U-shaped emar-
gination. SGP rather broad, broadly rounded apically, the median line roundly
elevated; surface of plate setose, especially the median elevation, but the setae
directed backward, with a group of somewhat longer setae just before the apex.
Genitalia with the parameres rather wide, with a large hyaline portion along
the inner margin, bearing strong setae; digiti rather broad, their upper, outer
margin hyaline and with reduced setae; parapenial lobes very short; aedoeagus
rounded apically, bearing some unusually large marginal spines (fig. 55).

Distribution. — Known only from Durango, Guerrero, and Mor-
elos, at altitudes of from 6000 to 7500 feet. (Map 71.)

Specimens examined. —6 22,5 86. MEXICO: GUERRERO:
1 ¢, Xucumanatlan, 7000 feet [type, BMNH]. MoreLos: 3 2? 2,
5 66, 4 mi. E Cuernavaca, 6000 feet, 16-29 June 1959 (HEE)
[MCZ, CU]; 1 2, 4 mi. NW Cuernavaca, 7500 feet, 28 June 1959
(HEE) [MCZ]. Duranco: 1 2, 4 mi. N Nombre de Dios, 13 May
1962 (LS) [UCD].

Variation. — The available females vary in length from 6 to 8
mm.; MID varies from .53 to .54 X TFD, antennal segment three

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

394 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

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A Pompilus (Ammosphex) zapotecus Cameron i ( ‘ hi 4
@ P (A) occidentalis (Dreisbach) RUNG gale
(also widely distr. in western U.S.) tl &

from .82 to .95 X UID. Otherwise they agree very closely with
the type. In two specimens a very short spine is visible on the inner
side of the second segment of the front tarsus, apparently a vestigial
comb-spine.

Luctuosus Species-group

Although this group includes several species in northern North
America and in Eurasia, only one species is known to enter Mexico.
Members of this group have the marginal cell and other cells of the
fore wing less far removed from the outer wing margin than in the pre-
ceding two groups, and the propodeum is generally hairier; also, there
is a pencil of rather long setae on the male subgenital plate. I shall
take occasion to describe a new species of this group from California
following the description of the one species occurring in Mexico.

Pompilus (Ammosphex) occidentalis (Dreisbach)

Anopompilinus occidentalis Dreisbach, 1950, Amer. Midl. Nat., 42: 726-728
[Type: 6, CALIFoRNIA: Pinecrest, Tuolumne Co., 29 July 1947 (P. H.
Arnaud) (MCZ, no. 28, 149)].

Pompilus (Ammosphex) occidentalis Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77:
253-255. — Evans, 1953, Ann. Ent Soc. Amer., 46: 538.

HOWARD E. EVANS 395

Female. — Length 6-10 mm. Black, the integument faintly to rather
strongly reflecting deep steel-blue, especially noticeable on the front; pubescence
wholly dark, with bluish reflections; wings moderately infuscated, darker along
the outer margin, violaceous. Head, thorax, and propodeum with rather
abundant strong, dark setae. Clypeus about 3 X as wide as high, the apical
margin shallowly concave. Front of moderate breadth, MID .54-.60 X TED;
UID .80-.90 X LID; POL and OOL subequal. Third antennal segment slightly
longer than the first two together, equal to from .72-.82 X UID. Front basi-
tarsus with three comb-spines, the spines 1.0-2.0 X as long as the width of
the tarsus, the apical one .5-.7 X the length of the second tarsal segment.
Marginal cell removed from the wing tip by from 1.5-1.9 X its own length.

Male. — Length 5-9 mm. Coloration as in female except wings less heavily
infuscated and pubescence conspicuously silvery on the clypeus and lower front,
often also on the propodeum and parts of the coxae and pleura. Head, thorax,
and propodeum with rather numerous strong, dark setae. Front of moderate
breadth; UID subequal to or slightly greater than LID; POL and OOL sub-
equal. Third antennal segment about 2.5 X as long as thick, equal to or very
slightly shorter than fourth segment. SGP nearly flat, the apex rounded, the
disc with a subapical pencil of very long setae (Evans, 1951, fig. 216). Geni-
talia characterized by unusually large parameres which near some strong setae
apically but otherwise bear small, rather sparse, setae; digiti slender, covered
with small setae; parapenial lobes unusually small; aedoeagus moderately broad,
the margin for the entire apical half beset with short spines (Evans, 1951, fig.
187).

Distribution. — Alberta and British Colombia south to the cen-
tral Mexican volcanic belt. Presumably the species occurs through-
out the higher parts of the Sierra Madre Occidentale, but at present
it has been collected only from Michoacan to Puebla, at altitudes of
from 7000 to 12,000 feet. This species is characteristic of clearings
in forested areas, often in company with its congener otomi. (Map
Hike)

Mexican specimens examined. — 11 2 2,13 6 6. MICHOACAN:
1 ¢, Cerro Tancitaro, 12,000 feet, 9 July 1940 (Hoogstraal &
Knight) [MCZ]. Mexico: 2 ¢ 6, Agua Bendita, 9000 feet, 4 Aug.
1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 8 ¢ 2, 11 4 6, W slope Popocatepetl, about
10,000 feet, March, May-July, 1951, 1959 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CU,
CIS]. Moretos: 1 ¢, 9 mi. N Cuernavaca, 8500 feet, 27 June 1959
(HEE) [MCZ]. Puesia: 1 ¢, 14 mi. W Huauchinango, about 7000
feet, 16 June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].

Variation. —The Mexican specimens examined tend toward
smaller size and more intensely bluish coloration than U. S. speci-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

396 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

mens; also, the comb-spines of the female are often but slightly if at
all longer than the width of the tarsus. However, in the absence of
any differences in the male terminalia or of any other clear-cut struc-
tural differences, it does not seem worthwhile granting subspecific
status to the population in central Mexico.

Pompilus (Ammosphex) wasbaueri new species

Holotype. — 6, CALIFORNIA: Orinda Cross Rd., Contra Costa
(CO., 25 Aug. 1953 (M. Wasbauer) [CAS].

Description of type male. — Length 5.5 mm.; fore wing 4.6 mm. Black,
except tips of mandibles ferruginous; greater part of head, thorax, coxae, and
propodeum silvery-sericeous; remainder of legs, vertex, parts of thoracic dor-
sum, and abdomen with light brownish pubescence; wings lightly infuscated,
slightly darker along the outer margin. Temples and propleura with some
pale hairs, the front with a few dark hairs, but the body otherwise completely
without erect hairs except for a group on the SGP, described below. Labrum
partially exserted beyond the slightly concave margin of the clypeus, the cly-
peus 2.5 XK as wide as high. Front moderately wide, MID .60 X TFD; UID
very slightly exceeding LID; POL and OOL equal. First four antennal seg-
ments in a ratio of about 13:6:12:12, segment three 2.5 X as long as thick.
Pronotum obtusely angulate behind; median portion of postnotum nearly as
long as metanotum; slope of propodeum very weak except roundly declivous
on posterior fourth. Apical segment of front tarsus and claws as usual in the
subgenus; longer spur of hind tibia .73 X the length of the basitarsus. Fore
wing with the marginal cell twice its own length from the wing tip; SMC2
and 3 subequal in size, both higher than wide. S6 with a broad, U-shaped
emargination. SGP tapering to a subacute apex, its sides toward the base
simple, not armed with stout setae; median portion of plate strongly elevated,
then obliquely declivous to the apex, the crest of the declivity bearing a group
of 10-12 rather long setae in a linear series (not a compact pencil), the plate
without other long setae (fig. 85). Genitalia with the parameres only slightly
longer than the aedoeagus, but very broad, in considerable part hyaline and
very weakly setose, but with several strong apical setae; disc of digitus rather
broad, covered with small setae; parapenial lobes nearly as long as digiti;
aedoeagus moderately wide, its margin armed with spines on the apical third
(fig. 56).

Paratype. —1 6, CALIFORNIA: Strawberry, Tuolumne Co., 6
Aug. 1960 (E. Jessen) [CIS].

Variation. — The paratype is the same size as the type and is
very similar in every respect, the standard measurements being exactly
the same.

HOWARD E. EVANS 397

Remarks. — This species will run readily to imbecillus Banks in
my 1951 key to male Ammosphex. It differs from imbecillus in
having the setae on the subgenital plate in a linear series rather than
in a more or less compact tuft, also in having much broader, shorter,
and less strongly setose parameres. The resemblance to luctuosus is
also close, but that species lacks the strong median elevation of the
subgenital plate and also has quite different parameres.

Subgenus ARACHNOSPILA Kincaid

Arachnospila Kincaid, 1900, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 2: 509 [Type species:
Arachnospila septentrionalis Kincaid (=fumipennis fumipennis Zet-
terstedt), monobasic]. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77:
255-269 (U. S. spp.).

Pycnopompilus Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 83 [Type species: Pompilus
scelestus Cresson, original designation]. — Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 99: 422-423 (So. American spp.).

Subgeneric characters. — Length 6.5-20 mm.; black, the abdomen some-
times rufous (but not in the species considered here). Body strongly hairy,
especially the head, prothorax, and propodeum. Malar space wanting, labrum
but slightly if at all exserted; antennae long and slender. Pronotum sharply
angulate behind. Front tarsus of female with a strong comb. Last segment
of front tarsus of male produced on the inner margin, but less strongly than
in Ammosphex, this segment widest about two-thirds the distance to the apex.
Pulvillar comb well developed; apical tarsal segments with median spines be-
neath at least in the females. Fore wing with the marginal cell long, removed
from the wing tip by approximately its own length, radial vein nearly evenly
arcuate; SMC2 and 3 both fairly wide above (fig. 22). Genitalia with the
basal hooklets double, the parameres strong, exceeding the other appendages;
aedoeagus simple, without spines on the margin.

Distribution. — Holarctic, but also represented by several species
in South America. All three of the North American species are
known to enter Mexico, but none are known to occur in Central
America.

Key to Species

Females

1. Scape not hairy; apical margin of clypeus rather strongly arcuately excised
SESE ECOSSSGEGECROSEERECCOCCO AEC ONBE EC DU DONE SUSE OSCE: DETTE CER ERC CR USEC ERDE Dune Cece arctus Cresson

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

3298 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Scape with a number of hairs which are usually about as long as the thick-
ness of the scape; clypeus truncate or weakly concave apically ............ 2

2. Ocelli forming a right or obtuse angle in front, OOL much exceeding POL;
upper front without strong punctures; front basitarsus with three or
(more commonly) four comb-spines .................s000000ee0 scelestus Cresson
Ocelli forming an acute angle in front, OOL subequal to or slightly ex-
ceeding POL; setigerous punctures on upper part of front somewhat
larger than usual; front basitarsus with three comb-spines .............:0--+...+-

aadles salen hleee odin sea eC RR te some Re tc eee E E fumipennis eureka (Banks)

Males

1. SGP merely convexly raised medially, toward the base with a pair of eleva-
tions (rounded, acute, or sometimes obsolescent); parameres of genitalia

slender throushout: troieee cree osteo arctus Cresson
SGP keeled, the median line strongly and sharply elevated; parameres much
broadened apically: 2. 5.21 .ss.sisvonccstasoasesssxes seeeenesaceneasssesause ooeee eee 2

2. Median elevation of SGP sloping evenly from front to rear, its posterior
slope convex or nearly straight; digiti strongly spatulate .........................
wn Peaueuvatuda cans ene seabebesceacoauiuenveuteatereteandaoesnsscscecasasbestereersress scelectus Cresson

Median elevation of SGP abruptly declivous behind, the posterior slope
concave; digiti less strongly enlarged apically ...............::::cccccccessesessseeeeeess
fumipennis eureka (Banks)

Pompilus (Arachnospila) arctus Cresson

Pompilus arctus Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 4: 453 [Type: ¢, Co1o-
RADO (ANSP, no. 554)]. — Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
fe Gy,

Psammochares anoplinus Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 231-232
[Type: 2, ALBERTA: Medicine L. to Jasper, 4 July 1915 (J. C. Brad-
ley) (CU, no. 683)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Pycnopompilus siouxensis Dreisbach, 1950, Amer. Midl. Nat., 43: 592, 593,
598 [Type: 6, NeBRaAska: Glen, Sioux Co., 13 Aug. 1906 (Univ.
Nebraska) ]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Pycnopompilus sculleni Dreisbach, 1950, ibid., pp. 587, 594, 598 [Type: 4,
OREGON: Cornucopia, 7100 feet, 25 July 1936 (HAS) (MCZ, no.
28, 382)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Pompilus (Arachnospila) arctus Evans, 1951, U. S. Dept. Agri. Monogr. 2, p.
935. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 258-261. — Evans,
1956, Ent. News, 67: 10.

Pycnopompilus parvus Dreisbach, 1952, Amer. Midl. Nat., 48: 152-153 [Type:
é, Uran: Kelton, 24 Aug. 1949 (G. F. Knowlton) (USNM, no. 66,
587)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1956.

HOWARD E. EVANS 399

l o Le Z
{ ee
a ay ee fp | \ 6
~ md t | \ :
Se ! aa
i | ee ee j } | \
e SS } ! !
\ ) \ aaa \ a
a) a ( e SS Ga
x \
\ a
e \ Sy
\ nO EN 3
> Silve
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i Bg
Vi Set us. = ? — =
\ Oe SS g
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Map 72
) Pompilus (Arachnospila) scelestus Cresson 5 ‘ )
A !

AP. (A) arctus Cresson ‘i
@ P. (A) fumipennis eureka (Banks)
(all 3 spp. occur widely in U.S.)

Female. — Length 7.5-14.5 mm. Black; pubescence wholly dark, with ob-
scure to fairly strong bluish reflections; fore wings moderately infuscated,
darker apically; hind wings lightly infuscated, also darker apically. Scape
without erect hairs; head, thorax, and propodeum otherwise moderately to
rather densely hairy. Clypeus about 3 X as wide as high, its apical margin
distinctly arcuately excised. MID .59-.63 X TFD; UID .75-.85 X LID; ocelli
in approximately a right triangle, POL usually slightly less than OOL. Third
antennal segment varying from .60 to 1.0 X UID. Front basitarsus with either
three or four comb-spines, the spines varying from 1 to 3 X as long as the
width of the basitarsus.

Male. — Length 6.5-12 mm. Black, inner and outer orbits often with
small pale streaks; pubescence nearly always silvery on the front, sometimes
on parts of the thorax; wings hyaline or lightly infuscated, with a darker outer
marginal band. Scape not hairy, but front and vertex rather strongly hairy;
propodeum with some strong erect hairs. Front broad, MID .60-.65 X TFD;
UID subequal to or slightly greater or less than LID; POL usually less than
OOL. SGP convex medially, toward the base with a pair of elevations which
may be rounded or acute, sometimes barely evident. Genitalia with the para-
meres slender throughout; digiti smaller apically and with fewer setae than in
the two following species (see fig. 191 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — This species ranges from Yukon and Labrador to
Central Mexico and to Virginia. (Map 72.)
Mexican specimens examined. —1 ¢,1 8. HIDALGO: 1 3, 4

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

400 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

mi. W Pachuca, 16 June 1961 (KU Mex. Exped.) [KU]. Mexico:
1 ¢, Teotihuacan Pyramids, 6 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].

Pompilus (Arachnospila) scelestus Cresson

Pompilus scelestus Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila, 4: 451 [Lectotype:
2, CoLorapo (ANSP, no. 415)].— Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 1: 88.

Pompilus montezuma Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 193,
pl. 11, fig. 10 [é only; 2 (which I consider the type) misassociated
(see Episyron biguttatus montezuma) |.

Pompilus pulchrinellus Cameron, 1893, ibid., p. 194, pl. 11, fig. 12 & 12a
[Type: 2, Mexico: Sonora: No. part (Morrison) (BMNH, no. 19,
693)]. New synonym.

Pompilus omiltemensis Cameron, 1893, ibid., p. 197, pl. 11, Fig. 18 & 18a
[Type: 6, Mexico: GUERRERO: Omilteme, 8000 feet, Aug. (HHS)
(BMNH, no. 19, 687)]. New synonym.

Psammochares astur Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 225 [Type: 2,
MARYLAND: Great Falls, 12 July (NB) (MCZ, no. 13, 688)]. Syn-
onymy by Evans, 1951.

Psammochares sublaevis Banks, 1921, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 14: 20 [Type: 2,
INDIANA: Marion Co. (H. Morrison) (MCZ, no. 13, 693)]. Syn-
onymy by Evans, 1951.

Pycnopompilus subscelestus Dreisbach, 1950, Amer. Midl. Nat., 43: 591-593
[Type: 6, CoLorapo: Ute Creek, 30 July (R. W. Dawson) (Univ.
Nebraska) ]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Pompilus (Arachnospila) scelestus Evans, 1951, U. S. Dept. Agri., Monogr. 2,
p. 935. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 261-265.

This is a widely distributed and variable species, as the long syn-
onymy suggests. Cameron misassociated the sexes of both monte-
zuma and omiltemensis. In the latter case, it is obvious that the male
should be considered the type, since the figures and also the species
name fit the male but not the female; the female, from Panama, be-
longs to Anoplius (Anoplius) simulans (Cresson), and is listed under
that species. The male omiltemensis is a small but otherwise typical
scelestus, actually part of the same series which includes the male
montezuma. In the case of montezuma, however, it is clear that
Cameron’s figure is that of the female, from Chilpancingo, which is
an Episyron. Also, Cameron provides only a very short description
of the male, while his description of the female is much longer and
his alignment of the species, based on the anal vein of the hind wing,
fits the female but not the male. Thus the name montezuma is here

HOWARD E. EVANS 401

referred to Episyron.

Female. — Length 6.5-20 mm. Black; pubescence wholly dark, rather
strongly reflecting bluish; wings fuscous, violaceous, slightly darker along the
outer margin. Scape with at least a few setae below; head and thorax with
abundant dark setae, including the coxae and often to some extent the femora.
Clypeus 2.6-3.0 X as wide as high, its apical margin weakly concave medially.
Front broad, MID .59-.63 X TFD; UID .75-.85 X LID. Front angle of ocel-
lar triangle a right angle or somewhat greater, POL:OOL about as 4:5. Third
antennal segment equal to from .75 to 1.0 X UID. Front basitarsus with three
or (more commonly) four strong comb-spines.

Male. — Length 6-16 mm. Black, except upper outer and middle inner
orbits usually with a small pale spot or streak; pubescence fuscous, refiecting
bluish, sometimes silvery on the front; wings as in female. MID .60-.63 X
TFD; UID about .9 X LID; ocelli about as in female. SGP with a high
median keel which in profile is rather evenly, convexly arcuate, or the pos-
terior slope may be nearly straight. Genitalia with the parameres much broad-
ened toward the apex, which is subtruncate; digiti strongly capitate, densely
setose (see fig. 190 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — Transcontinental in southern Canada, south to
Georgia, Oaxaca, and California. Mexican records are from alti-
tudes of from 5000 to 8500 feet. (Map 72.)

Mexican specimens examined. —10 22,15 é 6. SONORA: 1
2, No. part (Morrison) [BMNH]. CuyrimauAnua: 1 ?, Arroyo Mes-
teno, Sierra del Nido, 7600 feet, 21 July 1959 (W. C. Russell) [CIS].
MICHOACAN: 1 2, 4 mi. E Morelia, 6500 feet, 9 July 1959 (HEE)
[CU]; 1 6, 11 mi. E Tuxpan, 13 Aug. 1957 (Chemsak & Rannells )
[CIS]. Mexico: 1 2,1 8, 34 km. W Toluca, 8500 feet, 9 Aug.
1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Teotihuacan Pyramids, 6 July 1951
(HEE) [MCZ]. Hwatco: 1 ?, 5 mi. N Tizayuca, 13 Sept. 1946
(Ross & Skinner) [CAS]. VERACRUZ: 2 6 6, 5 mi. E Acultzingo,
5000 feet, 9 June 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]. Moretos: 3 ¢ ¢, 4
mi. NW Cuernavaca, 7500 feet, 12 May 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ];
1 2,3 mi. N Cuernavaca, 7500 feet, 14 Mch. 1959 (HEE) [MCZ];
1 3, Cuernavaca, 29 July 1961 (RRD) [MSU]. GUERRERO: 2 2 2,
7 6 6, Omilteme, 8000 feet, Aug. (HHS) [BMNH]. Oaxaca: 1 2,
Oaxaca [BMNH].

Pompilus (Arachnospila) fumipennis eureka (Banks)
Psammochares eureka Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 231-232

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

402 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

[Type: 9, CALiForNIA: Ingleside, 25 Aug. 1908 (J. C. Bradley)
(MCZ, no. 10, 397) ].

Psammochares catalinae Banks, 1933, Psyche, 40: 7 [Type: 2, ARIZONA: Mt.
Lemmon, Santa Catalina Mts., 29 July 1917 (JB) (MCZ, no. 17,
039)]. Synonymy by Evans, 1951.

Pompilus (Arachnospila) fumipennis eureka Evans, 1951, U. S. Dept. Agri.,
Monogr. 2, p. 935. — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 267-
269.

Female. — Length 7.5-14 mm. Black; pubescence wholly dark, with blu-
ish reflections usually weaker than in scelestus; wings fuscous, violaceous,
slightly darker along the outer margin. Body hairy about as in scelestus.
Clypeus 2.8-3.0 X as wide as high, its apical margin weakly concave. Front
of moderate breadth, MID .57-.60 X TFD; upper part of front with some of
the setigerous punctures rather conspicuous. Front angle of ocellar triangle
slightly less than a right angle; POL:OOL about as 9:10 or as 1:1. Third
antennal segment equal to from .80 to .97 X UID. Front basitarsus always
with three comb-spines. _

Male. — Length 6-11.5 mm. Color of body, wings, and pubescence as
in scelestus except the pubescence generally with duller, darker bluish reflec-
tions. Eyes converging slightly at the top, UID slightly less than LID; ocelli
forming an acute angle in front, POL equal to or less than OOL. SGP strongly
keeled on the basal part, the keel abruptly and concavely declivous on the
posterior half. Genitalia similar to those of scelestus, but the parameres tend-
ing to be more rounded apically, the digiti distinctly smaller apically and less
densely setose (see fig. 189 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. —I1 consider eureka to be a subspecies of the Hol-
arctic fumipennis, ranging from British Columbia and Montana south
to the mountains of northern Mexico. (Map 72.)

Mexican specimens examined. —3 22. BAJA CALIFORNIA:
Sierra San Pedro Martir: 1 2, 9000 feet, 5 mi. NE Encantada, 31
May 1958 (W. D. Patterson) [CIS]; 1 ¢, 6500 feet, La Grulla, 1
June 1958 (JP) [CIS]; 1 ¢, 6000 feet, Las Encinas, 27 May 1958
(JP) [CIS].

Genus APORINELLUS Banks

Aporinellus Banks, 1911, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 13: 238 [Type species: A porus
fasciatus Smith, designated by Banks, 1912]. — Banks, 1912, Jour.
N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 223, 230. — Bequaert, 1919, Psyche, 26: 115-
123 (Nearctic spp,), — Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99:
429 (So. American spp.). — Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
77: 275-300 (U. S. spp.).

HOWARD E. EVANS 403

Ferreoloides Haupt, 1929, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 15: 150, 153 [Type species:
Pompilus moestus Klug; designated by Bradley, 1944]. — Bradley,
1944, Eos, 20: 93-100 (list of Old World spp.).

Eupompiloides Gussakovsky, 1935, Konowia, 14: 141 [Type species: Pompilus
moestus Klug, monobasic].

Ceratopompilus Bradley, 1944, Eos, 20: 95, 97 [Type species: Pompilus sex-
maculatus Spinola, original designation].

Generic characters. — Small wasps, 4 to 13 mm. in length. Males pre-
dominantly black, extensively patterned with pale pubescence, the abdomen
prominently banded; females generally of similar color, but sometimes partly
or almost wholly rufous or with the pale pubescence much reduced. Head,
prothorax, and apex of female abdomen somewhat setose, body otherwise with-
out erect hairs. Labrum slightly if at all exserted; clypeus wider than lower
front, truncate below; malar space very short. Pronotum fairly long, sloping
gradually in profile, its posterior margin arcuate or nearly straight. Postnotum
comp!etely absent dorsally, the metanotum and propodeum in broad contact.
Posterior lateral angles of propodeal disc produced into distinct dentiform
processes. Legs spinose; female with a strong tarsal comb; apical tarsal seg-
ments not or weakly spined beneath; pulvillar comb moderately strong in
female; apical segment of front tarsus of male simple. Claws dentate in all
Nearctic species (except inner front tarsal claws of male bifid); all claws bifid
in both sexes in some exotic forms. American forms often with only two
SMCs in the fore wing, but Old World species with three; fore wings tending
to fold longitudinally along a line of weakness just above media; basal vein of
fore wing arcuate on the upper half; transverse median vein meeting media
well before the origin of the basal vein (fig. 23). Male SGP with paired basal
lateral appendages, as in most Hesperopompilus. Male genitalia with the basal
hooklets wanting; parapenial lobes stout, notched near the base of the aedo-
eagus; digiti somewhat spatulate, its disc with an area of microscopic sculp-
turing.

Distribution. — Throughout temperate and tropical parts of the
world except the Australian region. The genus is widely distributed
in South America, but there are only a few South American species
and these are not well represented in collections.

Remarks. —1 recognized six Nearctic species of this genus in
1951, and in 1957 (Pan-Pacific Ent., 33: 184) added a seventh,
borregoensis, from San Diego Co., Calif. I have since seen bor-
regoensis from San Bernardino Co., Calif. [1 °, 7 mi. W Salt Wells,
31 March 1959 (G. I. Stage) (CIS)], from Riverside Co., Calif. [1
é, Thousand Palms, 7 Apr. 1955 (W. R. M. Mason) (CNC)], from
Cochise Co., Ariz. [1 4, Elfrida, 2 May 1956 (F. Werner, swept
from alfalfa) (MCZ)], and from two localities in Nevada [2 ¢ é,

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

404 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Nixon, Washoe Co., 22 June 1962 (M. Irwin) (UCD);3 29,1 4,
12 mi. NE Stillwater, Churchill Co., 27 June 1961 (FDP) (UCD)].
There is little question that this species will be found to occur in
Sonora and perhaps other parts of northern Mexico. I have included
it in the following key but not treated it in the text. The other six
Nearctic species all occur widely in Mexico, and at least four of them
enter Central America. Unfortunately four of these six species must
be called by different names than I used in 1951. I feel, however,
that study of the Mexican fauna has placed our knowledge of these
species on a considerably higher level than before.

Key to Species
Females

1. Ultimate tarsal segments with from one to three minute spines beneath, not
counting those at the apex; SMC2 of fore wing small, less than twice as
wide? asd ini ph) .c.cscteeanena stares cn eee eens eee taeniatus taeniatus (Kohl)

Ultimate tarsal segments without a trace of spines beneath, except apically;
SMC2 (or SMC2 plus 3 when both are present) at least twice as wide
AS: DUB ces cii sos aeeseoe lateataecteeeaceey Meee eee Pa ee D

2. Ocelli forming a more compact triangle, the front angle a right angle or
slightly less; SMC2 (or SMC2 plus 3 when both are present) usually
between! 2) and! 25) XGfas) wide as) inighyeeseesseee eo seeeeceecee eee ee eee 3

Ocelli in a broad, flat triangle, the front angle greater than a right angle;
SMC2 usually more than 2.5 X as wide as high (never with three SMCs)

3. Head in anterior view subcircular, widest at about the middle, TFD 1.10-
1.16 X VFD; vertex arched evenly above the eye tops .... medianus Banks

Head in anterior view more transverse, less rounded above, generally widest
slightly above the middle; TFD 1.13-1.20 XK TFD; vertex nearly straight
across or weakly arched between the eye tops ................::cccescecesseeeeseeee 4

4. Clypeus a very narrow transverse band much wider than the lower front
and measuring about 3 X as wide as high; apical front basitarsal comb-

spine about as long as second segment; vertex nearly straight between

CVE: COPS secccesedecdavone scence eee Oe ee eee completus Banks
Clypeus 2.5-2.7 X as wide as high; vertex generally arched weakly, although
narrow, POL much exceeding OOL; comb-spines very long and slender,

the apical basitarsal spines often considerably longer than the second
tarsal SEQMEME ..csesdsccvecaccscseucbevasconndecceeacwesece seuss Sace sen sees seatades coeee ne ceeeeeemetS 5)

5. Ocellar triangle broad, POL exceeding OOL about as 2:1; a small and ap-
parently uncommon species confined to the deserts of Nevada, California,
ANGWATIZONA cosecselorsicecsaseecearessosgle oe oe borregoensis Evans

HOWARD E. EVANS 405

Ocellar triangle more compact, POL exceeding OOL about as 5:4 or 3:2;
widely distributed, Oregon and Kansas to Costa Rica ........ basalis Banks
Antennae long and slender, third segment 4-5 X as long as thick, equal to
from .64 to .80 X UID, tenth segment 2.5-3.5 X as long as thick ..........
pti iecce Riso niet onde shea Ha Ea bac ee ESTE BORREGO ERE CSE En eE EE EEE Eee fasciatus (Smith)
Antennae short and compact, third segment 3.2-4 X as long as thick, equal
to from .45 to .68 X UID, tenth segment 1.6-2.3 X as long as thick ......
Be ar ee ae oe eee aU erty rhc cle eure ara Steet ot en sie bec yucatanensis (Cameron)

Males
SGP broad and nearly flat, with or without a medium basal carina, the
apex broadly rounded or subtruncate ..............::ccccsscccesssecessseeeesseeeesseeeeees 2
SGP tectiform, its median line strongly elevated for its entire length, the
apex more narrowly rounded or subacute .................ccccccesssesscecceeceeeeeens 3

SGP merely weakly elevated medially, more strongly toward the base, with-
out a sharply defined carina; disc of digitus covered with clubbed setae
Sone c tans cee an Cee Mek occa a ce Coe sea ace cca dae aid Svddus vk cdeeeNanceconee ae doveswevevecvs medianus Banks

SGP with a strongly defined, abruptly discontinuous median basal carina,
its outer lateral angles also somewhat prominent; disc of digitus without
@ lo betel CELTS Saconcoconnceq ce roone eocoascc aoc tococed a eeerecoaeca aa maces seers basalis Banks

SMC2 of fore wing less than twice as wide as high; ventral surface of
parameres more or less completely covered with small setae ..................
RI CTR RT aT ae Dt RAM Re Ua Tec nueendeaee taeniatus taeniatus (Kohl)

SMC2 of fore wing (or 2 plus 3 when both are present) more than twice
as wide as high; ventral surface of parameres setose mainly on the apical

AENNTCCl ares ences eee ree ea ae ct Ran ee eae een eee eel Rind oes cect ecb suee decease cabucn suisouedves 4
SMC2 of fore wing (or 2 plus 3 when both are present) 2.0-2.5 X as wide
as high; ocelli in about a right triangle or slightly less ...................08 5

SMC2 usually more than 2.5 X as wide as high (SMC3 always absent);
ocelli in a broad triangle, POL exceeding OOL, the posterior ocelli close
(KO TS Meiovsrr GeV WEIS CHSSE coccscocoscceoqsosadeqcnadc0deo5ce9s000c6440000000505EC0OHD 6

Apical tergite not silvery and without a white spot; SGP narrow, tapering
to a subangulate apex; digiti with only some minute setae apically ........
Be; adeHe pe Coc EEC EERE cE aaeae SnSeCELcERERE AC CTE nCe SEE CER C Ecco CERT EcaDreeee er eerrrerd completus Banks

Apical tergite silvery and with a white spot (often concealed by overlapping
of preceding tergite); SGP broader and more rounded apically; digiti
with some fairly long setae apically ..............ccsesceceees borregoensis Evans

Third antennal segment 1.3-1.6 X as long as thick, very much shorter than
fourth segment; digitus with numerous straight hairs of moderate length
RR Nn ee ae Ui ke LE AM EE Vicencma ae waptes test fasciatus (Smith)

Third antennal segment 1.6-1.8 X as long as thick, only slightly shorter
than fourth segment; digitus with a number of long, sinuate hairs apically
BSCS E RENE On ne PRE E EE Rel ae Sane T ee Was eeenosua dita celldsaivay susie oes yucatanensis (Cameron)

MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 20

406 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Aporinellus taeniatus taeniatus (Kohl)

Pompilus taeniatus Kohl, 1886, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 36: 315, 336 [Type:
9, MEXICO: VERACRUZ: Orizaba (Bilimek) (Vienna Mus.; not seen
by writer) ].— Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p.
189.

Pompilus taeniolatus Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., VIII, p. 326.

Aporus ferrugineipes Viereck, 1906, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 32: 203 [Type:
2, Kansas: Clark Co., May (F. H. Snow) (KU)].

Aporinellus californicus Rohwer, 1917, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 53: 240 [Type:
?, CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co., July 1907 (W. Giffard) (USNM, no.
19, 967) ].

Aporinellus banksi Bequaert, 1919, Psyche, 26: 118, 121 [Type: 2, TExas:
Lee Co., May 1907 (Birkman) (MCZ, no. 10, 757)].

Aporinellus semirufus Banks, 1929, Psyche, 36: 326 [Type: 2, SOUTH DAKOTA:
Martin, 12 Sept. 1925 (H. C. Severin) (MCZ, no. 16, 234)]. New
synonym. }

Aporinellus bequaerti Banks, 1933, Psyche, 40: 3 [Type: 2, Texas: El Paso,
11 July 1917 (JB) (MCZ, no. 17, 030)].

Aporinellus taeniatus taeniatus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 282-
284.

Aporinellus taeniatus semirufus Evans, 1951, ibid., pp. 285-286.

Some aspects of variation in this highly variable species are dis-
cussed below. It seems best to consider all Mexican and Central
American material as belonging to the nominate subspecies; several
other rather localized subspecies occur in the United States.

Female. — Length 4.5-8 mm. Head and thorax black, except mandibles
and usually the margin of the clypeus somewhat rufous; legs varying from
wholly black to almost wholly rufous; abdomen usually black, occasionally
rufous; wings subhyaline, with a darker marginal band. Most specimens con-
spicuously patterned with silvery pubescence. Clypeus about 3 X as broad as
high. POL:OOL about as 3:2. Antennae slender, third segment equal to
from .6 to .9 X UID. Propodeal processes acutely pointed. Front basitarsus
with either two or three comb-spines. Apical tarsal segments with from one
to three minute spines beneath. Fore wing with two SMCs, the second small,
less than twice as broad as high.

Male. — Length 4-7 mm. Wholly black except the mandibles yellowish
in the middle, reddish at the apex; wings subhyaline, with a darker marginal
band. Head and thorax extensively clothed with a heavy silvery or somewhat
glaucous pubescence; abdomen with bands of pale pubescence. Front rather
broad, the eyes diverging slightly above. Third antennal segment about twice
as long as thick, slightly shorter than fourth segment. Venation as in female.
SGP somewhat rounded apically, strongly elevated along the midline. Geni-

HOWARD E. EVANS 407

talia with the parameres fairly wide, the ventral surface clothed with setulae;
digiti small, with a few small, straight setae; parapenial lobes rather wide (see
figs. 195 and 262 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — British Columbia, Minnesota, and Massachusetts
to Guatemala. In Mexico this species occurs from sea level on both
coasts up to at least 7500 feet. (Map 73.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. —79 2 2,
90 8 8. BAJA CALIFORNIA: 1 &, Progreso, Sierra Juarez, 5000 feet,
26 May 1956 (FXW) [CAS]. Sonora: 1 2, 8 mi. S Santa Ana, 11
May 1953 (RCB & EIS) [CIS]; 1 2, Cocorit, 11 June 1961 (FDP)
[UCD]. SINALoA: 1 2, 13 8 6, Mazatlan, July, Aug. (HEE) [CU,
MCZ];1 ¢,1 4,9 mi. E Chupaderos, 19 Mch. 1962 (FDP) [UCD];
7 22,4 66, 8 mi. SE Elota, 19 Apr. 1962 (FDP, LS) [UCD].
DurRANGO: 4 8 8, Nombre de Dios, 1 Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS,
MCZ]. ZACATECAS: 2 2? 2,1 ¢, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31 July
1951 (HEE, PDH) [CIS, MCZ]. Nurvo LEon: 1 2, 10 mi. S Lin-
ares, 24 Dec. [CIS]. HimbALco: 1 ¢, Zimapan, 11 June 1951 (HEE)
[MCZ]. GuANAJUATO: 1 ¢, Salamanca, 6000 feet, 19 Aug. 1954
(RRD) [MSU]. Nayarit: 7 22, 2 ¢ 6, San Blas, Mch., July
(FDP, HEE, PDH) [UCD, CIS, MCZ]; 1 2, 13 mi. SW Tepic, 23
Mch. 1962 (LS) [UCD]. GuERRERO: 5 2? 2, Acapulco, 1 July
1951 (HEE, PDH) [CIS, MCZ]; 1 ¢, 20 mi. S Chilpancingo, 6 Aug.
1954, 3700 feet [KU]; 1 ¢, 10 km. E Chilpancingo, 5200 feet, 30
July 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 5 22,1 ¢, Xalitla, 20 March 1959
(HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 ¢, 24 mi. S Iguala, 18 July 1963 (FDP)
[UCD]. More os: 4 2? 2,6 ¢ 6, Huajintlan, 11 Apr. 1959 (HEE)
[CU, MCZ]; 2 2 &, Tetecala, 25 Mch. 1959 (HEE) [CU]; 1 2, 8
é 6, Lake Tequesquitengo, 1 Apr. 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ];3 2°,
3 mi. N Alpuyeca, Mch., Aug. (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 23 22, 26 6 ¢,
Cuernavaca & vic., Mch.-July (HEE, FDP) [CU, UCD, MCZ].
Mexico: 1 2,9 é 6, Teotihuacan Pyramids, 7500 feet, Apr., July
(HEE, PDH) [CU, CIS]. Pursia: 1 ¢, Tehuacan, 23 June 1951
(HEE) [MCZ]; 3 22, 1 6, 3 mi. NW Petlalcingo, 3 Apr. 1962
(FDP, LS) [UCD]. VERAcRUZ: 1 °,1 4, Veracruz, 20 June 1951
(HEE) [MCZ]. Oaxaca: 1 2, 23 mi. S Matias Romero, 14 Aug.
1963 (FDP, LS) [UCD]. Yucatan: 1 ¢, Chichen Itza, 19 July
1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. CurApas: 2 22,9 6 6, San Cristobal las
Casas, 7500 feet, 29 Apr.-1 May 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 ¢, 28

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

408 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Aporinellus t. taeniatus (Kohl)
© Females of form A © Females of form B
@ Females of form C ( Females of form D
i Females of form E
A Localities where males only have been taken
(all five forms occur in the U.S.)

mi. W Cintalapa, 9 Apr. 1962 (LS) [UCD]. GUATEMALA: 1 2, El
Salto, Escuintla, 28 June (JB) [MCZ].

Variation. — This species would make an excellent subject for a
detailed study of variation throughout its wide range, both geographi-
cally and altitudinally. Throughout the range there is a strong ten-
dency for the formation of local races characterized by the amount
of ferruginous coloration, the amount and patterning of silvery pu-
bescence, the width of the temples, and the number of comb-spines
on the front basitarsus (2 or 3). Where these races are sufficiently
striking and consistent throughout a distinct portion of the range, I
am inclined to use subspecific names for them (e.g., wheeleri in the
Alleghanian fauna of eastern United States). These local races are
definable chiefly in the females, the males being virtually identical
throughout the range.

In Mexico and Guatemala five types of females can be identified:
all black, with little silvery pubescence (form E); all black, but with
extensive silvery pubescence (form D); hind legs ferruginous (form
C); all legs ferruginous (form B); abdomen and all legs ferruginous
(form A) (the last three forms all extensively silvery). Form A can-
not be distinguished from semirufus Banks, which I formerly regarded

HOWARD E. EVANS 409

as a subspecies. However, since semirufus is now known from the
northern Great Plains, from eastern Texas (Gillett, Austin, Bosque
Co. [MCZ]), and from Mexico (Sinaloa, Nayarit, Zacatecas), in each
case separated by a broad area where it is not known to occur, this
form must be regarded as a polytopic subspecies or, more simply, as
a color form undeserving of a trinomial. The occurrence of the vari-
ous forms in Mexico and Guatemala is shown in Map 73. Two
forms have been taken in one locality twice (Cuernavaca, Morelos;
Petlalcingo, Puebla), three forms in one locality twice (Elota, Sin-
aloa; San Blas, Nayarit). The all-black form with dark pubescence
(form E) occurs in the mountains of Chiapas and Guatemala, but
shows up again in California. The form with wholly red legs and
black body (form B) occurs in arid parts of Chiapas, in Sonora, and
in various parts of southwestern United States; it may be associated
with certain types of desert conditions.

Aporinellus medianus Banks

Aporinellus fasciatus Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 223, 230, 231.
— Bequaert, 1919, Psyche, 26: 118, 121.— Evans, 1951, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 288-291. — Evans, 1957, Pan-Pac. Ent., 33:
185, 186. (Also fasciatus of various other authors.) Misidentifica-
tion, not fasciatus of Smith (see below).

Aporinellus medianus Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 97 [Type: 2,
CALIFORNIA: El Cajon, 1 May (E. P. VanDuzee) (MCZ, no. 10,
005) ].

Aporinellus intermedius Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 240, 241
[Type: 2, CALIFORNIA: Claremont (C. F. Baker) (CU, no. 690) ].

This is one of the commonest and most familiar species of A por-
inellus, but unfortunately it can no longer be called by its familiar
name, fasciatus, since this name properly applies to what has been
called apicatus Banks. The name medianus was proposed by Banks
to apply to a form with reduced silvery pubescence, common in parts
of California. All species of Aporinellus which occur in these areas
have reduced silvery pubescence, but the type of medianus happens
to belong to the species generally called fasciatus and is the first
available name for it.

Female. — Length 4-13 mm. Black, except the mandibles in part rufo-
testaceous; wings subhyaline, with a darker band along the outer margin. Body
typically (and in all specimens from Mexico and Central America which I

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

410 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

have seen) patterned with silvery and darker pubescence, the abdomen with
prominent bands of silvery (California specimens generally with mostly dark
pubescence, specimens from the Pacific Northwest almost wholly silvery).
Head subcircular in anterior view, the vertex elevated in an even arc above
the eye tops; TFD 1.10-1.16 X VFD. Clypeus 2.5-2.9 X as wide as high.
MID .58-.67 X TFD; UID .75-.93 KX LID; POL:OOL about as 5:4 or 5:3,
the front angle of the ocellar triangle approximately a right angle. Antennal
slender, third segment measuring from .67 to .97 X UID. Propodeal processes
acute or narrowly rounded apically. Front basitarsus with three comb-spines,
the apical one equal to or somewhat longer than second tarsal segment. Apical
tarsal segments without spines beneath. Fore wing with either two or three
SMCs, the second (or 2nd plus 3rd when both are present) measuring 2.0-2.7
X as wide as high, rarely over 2.5.

Male. — Length 4-8 mm. Black, except mandibles in part ferruginous and
apical abdominal tergite with a white spot (sometimes concealed by overlap-
ping of preceding tergite); wings hyaline, with a dark band along the outer
margin. Body extensively patterned with silvery pubescence as in other males
of the genus. UID exceeding LID; ocelli in about a right triangle, POL often
slightly greater than OOL. Third antennal segment 1.5-2.0 X as long as thick,
slightly shorter than fourth segment. Wings as in female. SGP broad, its
median line only weakly elevated, the apex truncate or very broadly rounded
(Evans, 1951, fig. 264). Genitalia with the parameres elongate, tapering api-
cally, with more setae on the dorsal than the ventral surface; disc of digitus
ovoid, oblique, covered with clubbed setae; aedoeagus slender (see Evans, 1951,
fig. 196).

Distribution. — California, Wyoming, Michigan, and New York
to Costa Rica. In Mexico and Central America this species occurs
from sea level to about 7000 feet, but is most common at moderate
altitudes (2000-6000 feet). (Map 74.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 41 2 2,
36 66. BAJA CALIFORNIA: 1 ?, Descanso, 1 Sept. 1955 (RMB)
[UCD]; 1 2°, San Domingo, 23 Oct. [CAS]. Sonora: 1 2, 1 ¢,
Aduana, Mch., May 1962 (LS) [UCD]. SINALoA: 3 22,3 ¢ 4,
8 mi. SE Elota, 19 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. CuHrHuAHua: 2 ¢ 2,
16 mi. SE Chihuahua, 11 July 1947 (MC) [AMNH]. Nuervo LEon:
1 ¢, 4 mi. W El Cercado, 2100 feet, 6 June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ].
TAMAULIPAS: | ¢, Villagran, 7 June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 2 2,
Ciudad Victoria, Mch., June [KU, USNM]. SAN Luis Potosi: 1 °,
Valles, 29 Aug. 1956 (RRD) [MSU]. WeERAcRUZ: 2 2 2, Vera-
cruz, 28 July 1956 (RRD) [MSU]; 1 2, Minatitlan, 26 Aug. 1961
(RRD) [MSU]. PuesiLa: 1 2, 11 mi. SE Acatlan, 10 July 1952

HOWARD E. EVANS 411

i ie PF oe =
ee) ~ if | \
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@ Aporinellus medianus Banks x os 1

(also transcontinental in U.S.)

(EG & CM) [CIS]. ZAcaATEcas: 1 ¢, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31
July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Jatisco: 1 ¢, Catalitlan, 10 July 1956
(RRD) [MSU]. MoreEtLos: 6 2? 2, 10 6 6, Cuernavaca & vic.,
March-June 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 ¢, 2 4 8, Canyon de
Lobos, nr. Yautepec, 13 Mch. 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 3 °°, 7
8 6, Alpuyeca & vic., Mch.-June 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 ¢,
Xochicalco, 13 July 1961, 4000 feet (RRD) [MSU]; 1 ¢, 6 mi. S
Temixco, 30 Mch. 1962 (LS) [UCD]; 2 ¢ ¢, Las Estacas, 3000
feet, 6 Apr. 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 3, Tetecala, 3500 feet, 25
Mch. 1959 (HEE) [CU]; 1 2, 22 mi. S Cuernavaca, 4000 feet, 10
Sept. 1959 (HAS) [OSU]. GuERRERO: 2 6 6, 16 km. E Chilpan-
cingo, 4700 feet, 30 July 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. Oaxaca: 2 2 2, 1
8, 23 mi. S Matias Romero, 6 Apr. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. CHIAPAs:
1 6,5 mi. E Cintalapa, 3 Apr. 1953 (RCB & EIS) [CIS]. Hon-
DURAS: 1 6, La Ceiba, 18 Sept. 1916 (F. J. Dyer) [USNM]; 1 ¢,
Dakota Farm, Tela, 2 May 1923 (T. H. Hubbell) [RRD]. Et Sat-
VADOR: 1 2, San Salvador, 12 July 1949 (KWC) [USNM]; 1 2°,
Los Chorros, 20 June 1963 (M. Irwin) [UCD]; 1 2, 3 ¢ ¢, Que-
saltepeque, June, July 1963 (M. Irwin) [UCD]. Costa Rica: 1 ¢,
Limon, 15 Feb. 1964 (HEE) [MCZ]; 3 ¢? °, Bebedero, Guanacaste

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

412 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Prov., 26 Feb. 1964 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, 12 mi. SW Cafias, 27 Feb.
1964 (HEE) [MCZ].

Aporinellus basalis Banks

Aporinellus basalis Banks, 1933, Psyche, 40: 3 [Type: 2, ArIzoNA: Tempe
(JB) (MCZ, no. 17, 031)].— Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
77: 293 (erroneously placed in synonymy with completus Banks).

Aporinellus bridwelli Evans, 1951, ibid., pp. 291-292 [Type: 6, Kansas: Clay
Co., Aug. 1901 (J. C. Bridwell) (USNM, no. 61, 072)]. — Evans,
1957, Pan-Pac. Ent., 33: 185, 186. New synonym.

Although I correctly identified the female of bridweili in 1957, I
failed to recognize that it was the same as Banks’ basalis, a name
which has priority over bridwelli.

Female. — Length 4-9 mm. Black, except mandibles in part ferruginous;
wings hyaline, with a prominent dark band along the outer margin. Body
strongly patterned with silvery pubescence except in some California and Baja
California specimens (see below). Head, in anterior view, somewhat trans-
verse, widest slightly above the middle of the eyes, the top of the head less
strongly rounded than in medianus; TFD 1.13-1.17 X VFD; MID .56-.62 X
TFD; UID .80-.90 X LID. Clypeus 2.5-2.7 X as wide as high. Ocelli in
about a right triangle or slightly less; POL:OOL about as 5:4 or 3:2. An-
tennae slender, third segment equal to .70-.90 X UID. Propodeal processes
small, acute. Front basitarsus with three extremely slender, delicate comb-
spines, the apical one in most specimens considerably longer than the second
tarsal segment. Fore wing with two or three SMCs, the second (or second
plus third when both are present) 2.0-2.5 X as wide as high.

Male. — Length 3.5-7.0 mm. Black, mandibles in part ferruginous; wings
hyaline, darker along outer margin. Body strongly patterned with silvery pu-
bescence as usual in this genus, the basal four abdominal tergites strongly
banded but the remainder cf the abdomen dark (apical tergite rarely silvery,
never with a white spot as in medianus). UID slightly exceeding LID; front
angle of ocellar triangle a right angle or slightly less, POL usually slightly ex-
ceeding OOL. Third antennal segment about twice as long as thick, slightly
shorter than fourth segment. Wings as in female. SGP broad, nearly fiat
except for a strong median carina which terminates abruptly at some distance
from the apex; apex broadly rounded or subtruncate, the sides usually rather
prominently thickened, often somewhat polished. Genitalia with the parameres
elongate, somewhat less pointed apically than in medianus, disc of digitus small,
bearing some fairly long apical setae which are straight or nearly so (see Evans,
1951, fig. 197).

HOWARD E. EVANS 413

Distribution. — Texas, Kansas, and Oregon to Costa Rica. In
Mexico this species is common on both coastal plains but has been
taken inland only occasionally. (Map 75.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 46 2? °,
37 6 6. BAJA CALIFORNIA: 2 2 2, Descanso, 1 Sept. 1955 (RMB)
[UCD]; 1 ¢, 4 mi. SW La Zapopita, Valle de Trinidad, 16 April
I9Gin(E. xX. Truxal) [EAGM]: 2° 2°o5 1 6, 10 mi. E Bahia San
Quintin, May, Sept. (FXW) [CAS]; 1 ¢@, La Paz, 6 Oct. 1955
(FXW) [CAS]. Sonora: 1 2, Guaymas, 24 Sept. 1923 (W. M.
Mann) [USNM]. SINALOA: 5 2 2, 14 4 6, Mazatlan, May, July,
Aug. (FDP, LS, HEE) [CU, MCZ, USNM, UCD]; 6 2? 2, 12 ¢ 4,
8 mi. SE Elota, 19 May 1962 (FDP, LS) [UCD]; 1 ¢, 9 mi. E
Chupaderos, 19 Mch. 1962 (LS) [UCD]. ZaAcaTEcas: 2 2? 2, 9
mi. N Ojo Caliente, 12 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Nayarit: 3 2 2,
2 é 6, San Blas, 20 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. GUERRERO: 2 2 2,
Acapulco, 1 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Moretos: 1 ¢, 2 ¢¢,
Huajintlan, 2800 feet, 11 Apr. 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢,5 mi. E
Cuernavaca, 28 Mch. 1962 (LS) [UCD]. VERACRUZ: 6 2 2, 2
6 6, Tecolutla, June (HEE, PDH, CDM) [MCZ, CIS, KU]; 1 ¢,
16 mi. S Tecolutla, 26 June 1953 [KU]; 8 2@ 2, 2 6 6, Veracruz,
June, July (HEE, PDH, RRD) [MCZ, CIS, MSU]; 1 °, 5 mi. NE

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@ Aporinellus basalis Banks De ie al se
(also occurs in western U.S.)

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

414 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Tinajas, 18 Aug. 1963 (FDP) [UCD]. CutrApas: 2 ¢ 2, Tuxtla
Gutierrez, about 1000 feet, 24 Apr. 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ].
YUCATAN: | ?, 25 mi. S Merida, 13 Aug. 1963 (HAS) [OSU].
Costa Rica: 1 ¢, Golfito, 20 July 1957 (AM) [LACM].

Variation. — The female from La Zapopita, Baja California, has
the pubescence wholly dark except for a very small amount of pale
on the lower front and base of the mandibles. One of the females
from near Bahia San Quintin also shows some reduction in the pale
pubescence, as do some California specimens, but there are at least
weak silvery bands on the basal abdominal tergites. All other speci-
mens show a complete or nearly complete pattern of silvery pubes-
cence. There is considerable variation in the shape of the SGP and
the length of the median carina, but this variation seems to bear no
noteworthy correlation with distribution.

Aporinellus completus Banks

Aporinellus completus Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 97 [Type: 2,
WASHINGTON: Lone Tree, Yakima River, 30 June 1882 (MCZ, no.
10, 004) ]. — Bequaert, 1919, Psyche, 26: 118, 121. — Evans, 1951,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 292-295. — Evans, 1957, Pan-Pac. Ent.,
33: 186.

Female. — Length 5-8 mm. Color of body, wings, and pubescence as de-
scribed for medianus; all Mexican specimens seen fully patterned with pale
pubescence, the abdomen banded. Head distinctly broader than high, TFD
1.15-1.20 K VED, the top of the head weakly rounded, the vertex nearly
straight between the eye tops. Clypeus a transverse band approximately 3 X
as wide as high. MID .56-.62 X TFD; UID .76-.90 X LID; POL:OOL about
as 5:4. Antennae slender, third segment equal to from .70-.88 X UID. Pro-
podeal processes small, acute or narrowly rounded. Front basitarsus with
three comb-spines, the apical one about as long as the second tarsal segment.
Fore wing with either two or three SMCs, the second (or 2nd plus 3rd when
both are present) 2.0-2.5 X as wide as high.

Male. — Length 3.5-7.0 mm. Color of body, wings, and pubescence as in
basalis, the apical tergite without a white spot or pale pubescence. Front angle
of ocellar triangle a right angle or slightly less. Third antennal segment about
twice as long as thick, slightly shorter than fourth segment. SGP narrow, its
median line strongly elevated, the apex more acute than in other members of
the genus and the margin provided with stout setae. Genitalia with the para-
meres long, slightly curved, slender and attenuate; digiti capitate, disc with
only a few small, simple setae; aedoeagus and parapenial lobes of moderate
breadth (see fig. 198 in Evans, 151).

HOWARD E. EVANS 415

oie \ ; 3 ig ama aka
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@ Aporinellus completus Banks y XN -
(also transcontinental in U.S.)
Distribution. — Transcontinental in southern Canada and the

United States; also ranging south to southern Mexico, but in central
and southern Mexico mainly at moderate to fairly high altitudes
(5000-7500 feet). (Map 76.)

Mexican specimens examined. — 33 2 2,32 6 6. BAJA CALI-
FORNIA: | 8, 220 km. S Tijuana, 9 Sept. 1955 (FXW) [CAS].
COAHUILA: 1 2,1 4, 23 mi. N Saltillo, 11 Aug. 1959 (LS & AM)
[UCD]. DuRraAnco: 1 2, 8 mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (HEE)
[MCZ]; 1 ?, 3 ¢ 86, Nombre de Dios, 6 Aug. 1951 (HEE, PDH)
[MCZ, CIS]; 1 ¢, 5 mi. W Durango, 14 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD].
ZACATECAS: 4 2 2,5 6 6, 15 km. E Sombrerete, 28-31 July 1951
(HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS]. Jatisco: 2 ¢ °, Guadalajara, 12 July
1959, 5000 feet (HEE) [CU]. GUANAJUATO: 1 6, Yuriria, 6500
feet, 7 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. QuERETARO: 1 2, Palmillas, 8
Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. Hipatco: 1 2, Zimapan, 11 June 1951
(HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, 4 mi. W Pachuca, 7900 feet, June [KU].
Mexico: 3 °°, 7 6 6, Teotihuacan Pyramids, 7500 feet, April,
June, July (HEE) [CU, MCZ];3 ¢ 2,2 4 2, Valle de Bravo, 6500
feet, 3 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]. Puesia: 1 ¢, Tehuacan, 23
June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Moretos: 1 ?, 30-40 km. NE Cuer-

MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 20

416 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

navaca, 7-8000 feet, 31 July 1962 (HEE) [MCZ];9 22,10 64,
Cuernavaca & vic., 6000-7500 feet, April-June 1959 (HEE) [CU,
MCZ]. CurApaAs: 1 ¢, 1 8, Nachic, 8000 feet, 27 April 1959
(HEE) [CU]; 2 2 2, San Cristobal las Casas, 28 April 1959 (HEE)
[CU, MCZ]; 1 4, 8 mi. W Navenchauc, 1 April 1953 (RCB & EIS)
[CIS].

Aporinellus fasciatus (Smith)

Aporus fasciatus Smith, 1855, Cat. Hymen. Brit. Mus., III, p. 175 [Type: 4,
SOUTH CAROLINA: Warm Springs (E. Doubleday) (BMNH, no. 19,
753) |.

Pompilus unionis Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., VIII, p. 330 (n. name for
fasciatus, preoccupied in Pompilus).

Aporus apicatus Banks, 1910, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 18: 126 [Type: ¢, CaLt-
FORNIA: Claremont (C. F. Baker) (MCZ, no. 13, 721)]. New
synonym.

Aporinellus apicatus Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 230. — Evans,
1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 295-297 (¢ only).

Aporinellus sinuatus Evans, 1951, ibid., pp. 298-299 (¢ only; sexes incorrectly
associated).

The type of fasciatus is in reasonably good condition, and I have
studied it in detail, including the genitalia. There is no question that
it represents the species which has usually been called apicatus Banks.
I am now convinced that what I formerly considered to be the female
of this species (laticeps Banks) is actually the female of the species
which follows.

Female. — Length 6.5-12 mm. Color of body, wings, and pubescence as
described for medianus. Clypeus 2.6-2.7 X as wide as high. Front broad,
MID .59-.64 X TED; inner orbits convergent above, UID .80-.98 X LID.
Ocelli in a broad, flat triangle, POL:OOL about as 3:2. Antennae long and
slender, about as in medianus, the third segment 4-5 X as long as its maximum
thickness, measuring from .64 to .80 X UID; outer antennal segments also
quite slender, segment ten 2.5-3.5 X as long as thick. Vertex arched weakly
above the eye tops. Propodeal processes large, in lateral aspect rounded.
Spines of the tarsal comb long and slender, the apical spine on the basitarsus
slightly longer than the second tarsal segment. Fore wing with only two SMCs,
the second varying from 2.3 to 3.2 K as wide as high (fig. 23).

Description of male holotype. — Length 9 mm.; fore wing 6 mm. Black,
except mandibles ferruginous apically, apical abdominal tergite with a white
spot; wings subhyaline, fore wing with a fuscous apical band. Head and thorax
in large part silvery-sericeous, brownish on parts of the dorsum; basal parts of

HOWARD E. EVANS 417

legs silvery, also upper surfaces of tibiae and basitarsi; basal four abdominal
segments with strong apical silvery bands (basal three sternites actually wholly
silvery), remainder of abdomen with dark pubescence except apical tergite
with coarse silvery pubescence. Clypeus 2.3 X as wide as high. Front broad,
MID .64 X TFD, 1.4 X LID; UID 1.07 X LID. Ocelli in a broad triangle,
the posterior ocelli close to the rather sharp vertex crest; POL:OOL=11:8.
First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 16:5:10:14, segment three
1.45 X as long as thick. Fore wing with the marginal cell removed from the
wing tip by 1.6 X its own length; SMC2 2.9 X as wide as high, narrowed by
more than half above. SGP tectiform, rounded apically. Genitalia with
slender, attenuate parameres which much exceed the other appendages; digiti
with the apical part rather small, rounded, with a few fairly long, straight
setae extending upward and a number of downward-directed setae on the disc;
parapenial lobes and aedoeagus unusually broad (the genitalia of the type agree
very well with the figure presented for apicatus by Evans, 1951, fig. 200).

Distribution. — This species ranges from North Carolina, Illinois,
Alberta, and British Colombia to Florida and central Mexico. In
central Mexico it occurs chiefly at moderate altitudes, 3400-7500
feet. (Map 77.)

Mexican specimens examined. —10 2 2, 21 66. BAJA CALI-
FORNIA: 2 2 2, Mouth of Rio Santelmo, 21 Sept. [CAS]; 1 ¢, km.
220 S Tijuana, 11 Sept. 1955 (FXW) [CAS]. SrnaLoa: 1 2,1 ¢,
8 mi. SE Elota, 19 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. DuRANco: 2 2 3,
10 mi. W Durango, 12 July 1954 (EIS) [CIS]; 1 ?, 5 mi. W Dur-
ango, 14 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. Nayarit: 1 2, 18 mi. S Tepic,
7 July 1963 (FDP, LS) [UCD]. Jaisco: 1 ¢, 1 ¢, Guadalajara,
5000 feet, 16-24 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, Villa Guadalupe,
26 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Mexico: 1 ¢, Teotihuacan Pyra-
mids, 7500 feet, 7 July 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. Puesia: 1 2, 3 mi.
NW Petlalcingo, 2 Apr. 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. More tos: 1 ¢, 8
é 6, Cuernavaca & vic., April 1959, 4500-6000 feet (HEE) [CU,
MCZ]; 1 2, 7 6 6, Alpuyeca & vic., 3400 feet, April, May, July
(HEE, PDH) [CU, MCZ, CIS].

Variation. — All available specimens of both sexes have only two
SMCs in the fore wing, SMC2 varying from 2.3-3.2 X as wide as
high. All the available Mexican females are fully patterned with
pale pubescence, except those from Baja California, which have much
more limited pale pubescence, like those from Southern California.
The males vary in size from 5 to 10 mm.; MID varies from .66 to
.74 X TED, UID from 1.05 to 1.30 X LID. There is some variation

MEM. AMER. ENT. sSoc., 20

418 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

2 j é
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@ Aporinellus fasciatus (Smith) a ae u Ree)
(also transcontinental in U.S.)

in the details of the patterning of the pubescence, also in the length
of the third antennal segment, although this is always much shorter
than the fourth segment and never more than about 1.6 X as long
as thick.

Aporinellus yucatanensis (Cameron) new combination

Pompilus (Aporus) yucatanensis Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen.
Il, p. 189 [Type: @, Mexico: Yucatan: No. part (Gaumer)
(BMNH, no. 19, 752)].

Pompilus yucatanensis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hymen., VIII, p. 336.

Aporinellus laticeps Banks, 1912, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 19: 230, 231 [Type:
@, CoLoraADo: Boulder (S. A. Rohwer) (USNM, no. 21, 122)]. —
Bequaert, 1919, Psyche, 26: 118, 122. New synonym.

Aporinellus apicatus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 295-297 (2
only; sexes misassociated ).

Aporinellus sinuatus Evans, 1951, ibid., pp. 298-300 [Type: 6, Texas: Limpia
Canyon, Davis Mts., 14-22 July 1948 (HEE) (ANSP) ]. — Krom-
bein, 1958, U. S. Dept. Agri., Monogr. 2, First Suppl., p. 185. New
synonym.

Another unfortunate change in names and sex associations is in-
volved here, as Cameron’s yucatanensis is indubitably the same as

HOWARD E. EVANS 419

Banks’ laticeps and what I formerly believed to be the female of api-
catus, but which I now regard as the female of “sinuatus’. This
species averages somewhat smaller than the preceding and is appar-
ently somewhat more fully adapted for high temperatures, although
the two species have often been taken at the same localities.

Description of type female. — Length 7 mm.; fore wing 5 mm. Black, ex-
cept the mandibles ferruginous apically; wings subhyaline, fore wings with a
strong apical dark band. Body extensively ornamented with pale pubescence
as usual in this genus, the abdomen with strong apical bands of pale pubes-
cence on T1-4. Clypeus 3 X as wide as high. Front broad, MID .62 X TFD,
1.2 X LID; UID .90 X LID. Ocelli in a broad triangle, POL:OOL= 11:9.
First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 18:6:18:15, segment three
3.3 X as long as thick, 58 X UID; segment ten 1.9 X as long as thick. Ver-
tex elevated in an even arc above the eye tops. Lateral processes of pro-
podeum narrowly rounded in lateral view. Front basitarsus with three slender
comb-spines, the apical one about equal in length to the second segment. Fore
wing with two SMCs, the second 2.9 K as wide as high, narrowed by two-
thirds above.?°

Male. — Length 3.5-8 mm. Color of body, wings, and pubescence as de-
scribed for fasciatus. Clypeus 2.2-2.4 X as wide as high. MID .64-.72 X
TFD; UID much exceeding LID; POL:OOL about as 5:4. First four an-
tennal segments in a ratio of about 25:10:18:20, segment three thus only
slightly shorter than fourth segment, measuring from 1.5 to 1.8 X as long as
thick. Wings as in female, SMC2 varying from about 2.4 to 3.0 X as wide
as high. SGP tectiform, obtusely angulate apically, the margin beset with
strong spines. Genitalia with the parameres rather long, but subtruncate or
bluntly rounded apically; disc of digitus slightly broader than in fasciatus,
bearing a few clubbed setae toward the inner margin and several long, sinuate
setae apically; parapenial lobes and aedoeagus not quite as broad as in fas-
ciatus (see fig. 199 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — In the United States, north to New Jersey, Iowa,
Montana, and Oregon; also throughout much of Mexico except at
high altitudes, and south to Costa Rica. (Map 78.)

Mexican and Central American specimens examined. — 38 2° °,
57 88. BAJA CALIFORNIA: 1 ¢?, 20 mi. N Mesquital, 27 Sept.
[CAS]; 1 2, El Tajo Canyon, Sierra Juarez Mts., 12 Sept. 1958
(J. R. Northern) [LACM]. SrinALoa: 1 ¢, Teacapan, 29 June 1956
(RRD) [MSU]; 1 ¢, Villa Union, 17 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ];

29 Details regarding the front tarsi and apical parts of the antennae were added
from a specimen from Merida, Yucatan, extremely similar to the type, which is
lacking these parts.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

420 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

1 ?, Mazatlan, 15 Aug. 1962 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢, 8 mi. SE Elota,
19 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. DuraANnco: 1 ¢, Nombre de Dios, 1
Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS]; 1 ¢, 5 mi. W Durango, 14 May 1962
(FDP) [UCD]. Nurvo Leon: 1 2, 50 mi. SE Monterrey, 1700
feet, 13 Oct. 1957 (HAS) [OSU]. Tamautipas: 1 2, Villagran,
7 June 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]. San Luts Potosi: 1 2,5 mi. E Ciudad
del Maiz, 23 Aug. 1954 (RRD) [MSU]. AGUASCALIENTES: 1 2,
5 mi. E Cavillo, 26 Oct. 1950 (RFS) [AMNH]. JaAxisco: 1 2,
Villa Guadalupe, 25 July 1951 (PDH) [CIS]; 2 2° 2°, Guadalajara,
July (HEE) [MCZ]. GuerRrReRo: 1 2, 18 mi. S Iguala, 18 July
1963 (FDP) [UCD]. Moretos: 3 ¢ ¢, 14 6 6, Canyon de Lobos,
nr. Yautepec, 7-18 Mch. 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 10 2 2,12 ¢ 6,
Cuernavaca & vic., Mch.-June, 4500-7500 feet (HEE, FDP) [CU,
MCZ, UCD]; 2 22, 14 6 4, 3 mi. N Alpuyeca, 3400 feet, Mch.-
Apr. 1959 (HEE) [CU, MCZ]; 1 2°, Tetecala, 3500 feet, 25 Mech:
1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 ¢,2 ¢ ¢6, 6 mi. S Temixco, 30 Mch. 1962
(LS, FDP) [UCD]. VERAcRUZ: 1 2, 5 mi. E Acultzingo, 5000
feet, 15 June 1959 (HEE) [MCZ]; 2 2 2, 2 4 6, Veracruz, June,
July, Dee. (HEE, PDH, RRD) [MCZ; CIS; MSU]; 25252 miaece
Minatitlan, 26 Aug. 1961 (RRD) [MSU]. CaAmpEcHE: 2 2 2, 3

Map 78

@) Aporinellus yucatanensis (Cameron)
(also transcontinental in so. U.S.)

HOWARD E. EVANS 421

8 6, 10 mi. N Hopelchen, 17 Apr. 1962 (LS, FDP) [UCD]. Yuca-
TAN: 1 &, No. part [type, BMNH]; 1 2,1 3, Merida, 25 July 1962
(HEE) [MCZ]. GuATEmaALA: 1 4, Guatemala City, 5000 feet, 15
June 1947 (C. & P. Vaurie) [AMNH]. Honpuras: 1 ¢?, 20 mi.
from Tegucigalpa (TDA Cockerell) [MCZ]. Costa Rica: 1 4,
Santa Ana, San José Prov., 3000 feet, 24 Feb. 1964 (HEE) [MCZ].

Variation. — As usual in this genus, Baja California females, like
those from much of California, have the silvery pubescence greatly
reduced; one female before me from Tulare Co., Calif., has the pu-
bescence dark over the entire thorax and abdomen. The females
vary in size from 5.5 to 10 mm.; MID varies from .60 to .66 X TFD,
UID from .85 to 1.0 X LID. The antennae show only slight varia-
tion in length, the third segment varying from 3.2 to 4.0 X as long
as thick, from .45 to .68 X UID, the tenth segment from 1.6 to 2.3
X as long as thick. In other characters there is no significant varia-
tion from the condition in the type, described above.

Genus ALLOCHARES Banks

Allochares Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 98 [Type species: Allo-
chares bruesi Banks (=azureus Cresson), monobasic]. — Bradley,
1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 148-150. — Evans, 1951, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 301-304.

Generic characters. — Length 6-14 mm.; color black, pubescence reflect-
ing bluish or violaceous. Body devoid of erect hair, even the abdomen of the
female. Head rather strongly convex in front and somewhat concave behind,
especially in the male. Mandibles without setae and without a setigerous
groove beneath; inner margin with a single tooth. Malar space well developed,
half or more as long as the width of the mandibles at their base; temples not
well developed. Labrum not exserted; clypeus convex, rounded or subtruncate
below; ocelli small, in a very broad triangle; antennae of moderate length, third
segment in the female equal to at least .8 X UID, in the male at least 1.5 X
as long as thick. Pronotum rather long, on the midline nearly as long as the
mesoscutum; postnotum a narrow band which is somewhat widened on the
mid-dorsal line; propodeum strongly impressed medially and with its sides pro-
duced behind into strong conical processes. Legs unusually smooth and devoid
of spines, especially in the female, which lacks a tarsal comb and has in fact
only a few minute spines on any of the legs; pulvillar pad large, but the comb
very weak; claws all dentate and weakly so, except the inner claws of the front
tarsus of the male strongly curved, bifid, the apical tarsal segment also slightly
lobed on the inner margin. Fore wing with the basal and transverse median
veins interstitial or nearly so; marginal cell large, less than its own length from

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOc., 20

422 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

the wing tip; SMC2 and 3 both four-sided; anal vein of hind wing curving up
to meet the media somewhat before the origin of the cubitus. First two ab-
dominal segments rather long in both sexes, the remaining segments shorter
and tending to telescope within the basal two, especially in the male; male SGP
strongly compressed, consisting of two flaps which are folded against one
another; male genitalia with slender parameres, the aedoeagus simple, the basal
hooklets absent.

Distribution. — This monotypic genus occurs in the Sonoran sub-
region of the Nearctic region. It has no close relatives, but may
represent a relic of the stock which gave rise to Homonotus and re-
lated Old World genera.

Allochares azureus (Cresson)

Pompilus (Agenia) azureus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 131
[Type: 2, MExIco: VERACRUZ: Veracruz (C. Sartorius) (ANSP, no.
472) ]. — Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 12: 372.

Pseudagenia azurea Kohl, 1884, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 34: 42. — Cam-
eron, 1891, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 167. — Dalla Torre,
1897, Cat. Hymen., VIII, p. 198.

Pompilus sinaloae Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 192
[Type: 2, Mexico: SINALOA: Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer) (BMNH,
no. 19, 690)].— Dalla Torre, 1897, Cat. Hymen., VIII, p. 323.
Synonymy by Bradley, 1944.

Allochares bruesi Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61: 98 [Type: 2,
Texas: Austin (C. T. Brues) (MCZ, no. 10, 006)]. Synonymy by
Bradley, 1944.

Allochares azureus Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70 :149. — Evans,
1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 302-304.

Female. — Length 9-14 mm. Black; pubescence violaceous except ciner-
eous on the front and on much of the legs; front wings moderately infuscated,
darker apically; hind wings subhyaline, darker apically. Clypeus about twice
as broad as high, subtruncate below; MID .54-.60 X TFD; UID subequal to
or slightly less than LID; POL much exceeding OOL; third antennal segment
equal to from .8 to 1.2 X UID. Pronotum arcuate behind, with a weak angu-
lation on the midline.

Male. — Length 6-10 mm. Black; pubescence strongly bluish or viola-
ceous except silvery on the head, coxae, and lower pleura, sometimes over
much of the thorax; wings subhyaline, darker apically. Clypeus 1.5-1.8 X as
broad as high, rounded below; front strongly gibbous above the antennal
sockets; UID considerably exceeding LID; third antennal segment somewhat
shorter than fourth segment. Pronotum broadly subangulate behind. SGP
strongly compressed, when flattened out seen to possess an apical V-shaped

HOWARD E. EVANS 423

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emargination. Genitalia with slender parameres, digiti elongate, clothed with
short setae but with some strong, partly clubbed setae at their base (see fig.
193 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — This species ranges throughout much of Mexico,
from sea level to about 7500 feet, also north to southern California,
Arizona, Texas, and east to Florida. See Evans, 1951, for U. S.
records. (Map 79.)

Mexican specimens examined. —12 22,4 466. 3 22,1 4,
without further locality data [ANSP, Univ. Halle]. Sonora: 1 2¢,
Dec. [USNM]. CHIHUAHUA: | 2, Arroyo Mesteno, Sierra del Nido,
7600 feet, 21 July 1959 (W. C. Russell) [CIS]. SrNALoa: 1 2°,
Mazatlan (Forrer) [BMNH]; 1 ¢°, Chupaderos, 3 July 1963 (FDP,
LS) [UCD]. Nayarit: 1 ¢, San Blas, 17-21 Sept. 1953 (B. Mal-
kin) [CAS]. JaLisco: 1 ?, 42 mi. SE Guadalajara, 25 May 1956
(HAS) [OSU]. CoLima: 1 2, Volcan de Colima [CU]. Mexico:
1 2, Teotihuacan Pyramids, 7 July 1951, about 7500 feet (HEE)
[MCZ]. SAN Luis Potosi: | ?, 18 mi. SW San Luis Potosi, 7300
feet, 2 Oct. 1957 (HAS) [OSU]. PuEBLaA: 1 6, Acatlan, 30 Sept.
1961 (FPM) [ENAC];1 ¢, Cacaloapan, 26 Apr. 1962 (LS) [UCD].
VERACRUZ: 1 2, Veracruz (Sartorius) [ANSP].

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

424 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Genus PARACYPHONONYX Gribodo

Paracyphononyx Gribodo, 1884, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, (2)1: 306
[Type species: Paracyphononyx melanicrus Gribodo (=ruficrus
Klug), monobasic]. — Arnold, 1936, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 18: 428-
446 (African spp.).— Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77:
304-308 (U. S. spp.).

Schistosalius Saussure, 1892, Grandidier’s Nat. Hist. Madagascar, XX, Hymen.
I, p. 313 [Type species: Salius ellioti Saussure, designated by Ash-
mead, 1902].

Paracyphonyx Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 81 [Type species: Paracy-
phononyx metemmensis Magretti, monobasic]. — Banks, 1934, Proc.
Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci., 69: 84, 86.

Allocyphonyx Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 136 [Type species: Pompilus
maurus Cresson (=funereus Lepeletier), monobasic]. — Bradley,
1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 150. — Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 99: 436-445 (So. American spp.).

Pompiloides Sustera, 1913, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 62: 180, 203 [Type
species: Pompilus ruficrus Klug, monobasic].

Dicyrtomus Haupt, 1927, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr., Beiheft, p. 150, 256 [Type
species: Pompilus ruficrus Klug, original designation].

Atopopompilus Arnold, 1937, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 19: 22-24 [Type species:
‘Pompilus yvenans Kohl, original designation]. — Banks, 1947, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 442 (made subgenus of Allocyphononyx).
New synonym.

Anacyphononyx Haupt, 1950, Explor. Parc. Nat. Albert, Miss. de Witte, Fasc.
69, p. 59 [Type species: Pompilus semiplumbeus Taschenberg, origi-
nal designation]. New synonym.

Generic characters. — Wasps of medium size, 6 to 20 mm. Coloration,
pubescence, and pilosity variable, but males always with dense, erect pubes-
cence on the propodeal declivity. Head attached to the thorax rather low;
head thin, temples not developed. Labrum fully exposed, semicircular. Malar
space well developed in males (about as long as or longer than antennal pedi-
cel), often well developed in females. Antennae elongate, males with the an-
tennae strongly crenulate in profile beyond the third segment. Scutellum very
prominent; postnotum slightly expanded on each side of the mid-dorsal line;
propodeum with an oblique declivity, the sides of which are sometimes promi-
nent. Legs strongly spinose; but female without a tarsal comb. Ultimate tar-
sal segments with.or without spines beneath. Claws bifid in both sexes, the
inner ray rather broad, truncate; pulvillar comb of from 6 to 12 setulae; inner
claw of front tarsus of male more strongly curved than outer claw, apical seg-
ment of front tarsus of male modified or not. Fore wing with the stigma
small; radial vein somewhat angled at the third intercubital vein; SMC3 strongly
narrowed above, often triangular or petiolate; hind wing with the anal vein
approximately interstitial with the cubitus (fig. 24). Apex of abdomen of

HOWARD E. EVANS 425

female somewhat compressed, the apical sternite especially so and covered
with thin setae. Male genitalia with the basal hooklets single; parameres very
large, much exceeding the other appendages, often expanded apically and
usually fringed with long setae, without a distinct squama; aedoeagus often
with small setae (fig. 54).

Distribution. — Tropics and warm temperate regions throughout
the world; in the Americas from Argentina to northern United States,
excluding the West Indies.

Remarks. — The various species of this genus often differ by
characters elsewhere considered of generic value, for example, the
presence of absence of spines beneath the apical tarsal segments, the
shape of the propodeum, and the length of the malar space. It is
possible that some of the names listed in the synonymy above may
someday be used for subgenera, but this will require a detailed study
and comparison of the Neotropical and Old World species. The
three species occurring in Mexico and Central America might easily
each be placed in a separate subgenus, and subgeneric names are
available for each (Allocyphonyx for funereus, Atopopompilus for
unicolor, and Anacyphononyx for semiplumbeus). However, I see
no advantage in doing this at this time. Bradley (1944) gave Allo-
cyphonyx tribal rank, but for some reason ignored the Neotropical
species in a work purported to cover all the Americas.

Key to Species
Females

1. Pronotum with a yellowish stripe along its posterior margin; abdomen
rufous; head and thorax in large part clothed with a heavy whitish pu-
bescence; malar space well developed; ultimate tarsal segments spined
bemeatheesecceacccctacetreces cee rane dee hedaarcuict semiplumbeus (Yaschenberg)

Body entirely black, with or without a limited pattern of fine, pale pubes-
cence; malar space short, or ultimate tarsal segments smooth beneath .. 2
2. Malar space very short, practically absent; ultimate tarsal segments with a

median row of spines beneath .................eceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees unicolor (Smith)

Malar space nearly or quite as long as antennal pedicel; ultimate tarsal

segments not spined beneath .................ceceeeeeees funereus (Lepeletier)
Males

1. Antennae weakly crenulate in profile beyond segment four, the segments

MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 20

426 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AME:RICAN SPIDER WASPS

rounded below; abdomen partly or wholly rufous; SGP more or less ir-
regular, often tridentate, apically .............. semiplumbeus (Taschenberg)
Antennae strongly crenulate in profile beyond segment four, the segments
subangular below; abdomen without rufous markings; SGP rounded or
subtrumcate) apically <..ivccivescesceroscaesat cevsesccessoeeeesee eeeoe ea 2
2. Wings fuscous; pronotum wholly black; antennal segments 5-11 elongate,
widest .1-.2 the distance from the base; parameres more or less broadened
API Cal ym ek este reest Seaeee cxececces cade aes eeesce see funereus (Lepeletier)
Wings subhyaline, with a fuscous marginal band; pronotum with a pale
stripe along its posterior margin; antennal segments 5-11 shorter, widest
about .3-.4 the distance from the base; parameres extremely long and
SLOG ST eereese. stecerates cess eae eee eee AE ee unicolor (Smith)

Paracyphononyx funereus (Lepeletier)

Anoplius funereus Lepeletier, 1845, Hist. Nat. Insectes, Hymen., III, p. 449
[Type: ¢, PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia (not seen by writer) ].

Pompilus maurus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1: 88 [Type: &,
WEST VIRGINIA (ANSP, no. 414) ].

Allocyphonyx maurus Ashmead, 1902, Canad. Ent., 34: 136. — Bradley, 1944,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 70: 152.

Psammochares (Allocyphonyx) harpalyce Banks, 1910, Psyche, 17: 250 [Type:
9, NortTH CAROLINA: Southern Pines, 26 July 1909 (A. H. Manee)
(MCZ, no. 13, 710)].

Paracyphononyx funereus Evans, 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 77: 306-308.

Female. — Length 11-20 mm. Black; wings wholly fuliginous, somewhat
violaceous. Pubescence mostly dark, with obscure bluish reflections, on the
occiput and often also on the front grayish or somewhat glaucous. Head and
propodeum with some short, dark hair; thoracic dorsum, pleura, and coxae
often with sparse, short hair; abdomen setose ventrally and apically. Clypeus
about twice as broad as high; malar space fairly long, nearly as long as the
antennal pedicel and at least a third as long as the width of the mandibles at
their base. MID varying from .51 to .58 X TFD; UID varying from .90 to
1.0 X LID; POL usually somewhat exceeding OOL; third antennal segment
equal to from .7 to .9 X UID. Pronotum rather long, subangulate behind;
propodeum with an abrupt, flat declivity on the posterior fourth. Ultimate
tarsal segments smooth beneath, except apically. SMC3 subtriangular (fig. 24).

Male. — Length 8-1° mm. Black, except scape sometimes whitish below
and apical tergite sometimes whitish; wings wholly infuscated, somewhat darker
along the outer margin, often violaceous. Pubescence mostly dark as in the
female, except grayish or somewhat silvery on the occiput, usually over much
of the head, occasionally on parts of the pronotum, scutellum, pleura, coxae,
and basal bands on some of the abdominal tergites; metanotum and propodeal

HOWARD E. EVANS 427

declivity with coarse, erect pubescence, usually dark but sometimes more or
less silvery. Malar space slightly longer than in the female; inner orbits slightly
diverging above, UID slightly exceeding LID; POL usually somewhat exceed-
ing OOL. Third antennal segment 2.5-3.0 X as long as thick; segment four
slightly thickened and subangulate toward the base below, segments 5-12 rather
strongly so, these segments generally 1.3 to 2.0 X as long as their maximum
thickness. Last segment of front tarsus slightly asymmetrical. SGP rounded
or subtruncate apically, bearing some stout apical setae, internally on each side
of the base with strong lateral flanges which bear setae (somewhat variable,
but usually approximating fig. 249 in Evans, 1951). Genitalia also somewhat
variable, but the parameres always broader apically than at their base and
fringed with long setae; digiti elongate, with a median area devoid of setae
(fig. 194 in Evans, 1951).

Distribution. — This species ranges from Jalisco, Yucatan, and
southern Florida to Massachusetts, Michigan, and Utah. Mexican
records (except Yucatan) are from the central plateau. (Map 80.)

Mexican specimens examined. —15 2 2, 23 6 6. COAHUILA:
1 é, Buena Vista, Sierra del Carmen, 7 July [CIS]. CHIHUAHUA: 2
22,6 $4, Matachic & vic., 6400 feet, July-Aug. [AMNH]; 1 ¢,
18 mi. W Chihuahua, 12 Aug. 1951 (PDH) [CIS]; 3 22,3 64,
cami Wevimencez, OrAue 95 (HEE) IMEZ] 3°52 2°52 6 6,
Santa Clara, 2 July 1947 (WG, CDM) [AMNH]; 1 2, 12 mi. NW
Gran Morelos, 15 Aug. 1956 (RFS) [AMNH]. Duranco: | ¢, 8
mi. S Canutillo, 9 Aug. 1951 (HEE) [MCZ]; 1 2, Palos Colorados,
8000 feet, 5 Aug. 1947 (MC) [AMNH]. Zacatecas: 1 2, 1 mi.
N San José de Felix, 14 July 1954 (EIS) [CIS]; 1 ¢@,2 6 6, 15 km.
E Sombrerete, 28-31 July 1951 (HEE, PDH) [MCZ, CIS]; 1 ¢, 1
8, 9 mi. N Ojo Caliente, 12 May 1962 (FDP) [UCD]. JALisco:
1 2, 13 mi. SW Lagos de Moreno, 4 Aug. 1954 (JWM) [CIS].
HIDALGO: 3 32 6, Jacala, 4500 feet, 1 Sept. 1963 (HAS) [OSU].
SAN Luis Potosi: 1 2, 1 ¢, 18 mi. SW San Luis Potosi, 7300 feet,
1 Oct. 1957 (HAS) [OSU]. Yucatan: 1 ¢, 1 6, Mérida & vic.,
17-25 July 1962 (HEE) [MCZ].

Variation. — The discovery of this species in Yucatan, close to
sea level, came as a surprise, since it otherwise occurs in the central
plateau, up to 8000 feet. Central plateau material all has reduced
pale pubescence and is closely similar to material from Texas. The
female from Yucatan has an unusually narrow front, while the male
has a fairly extensive pattern of pale pubescence and also has the
scape pale beneath and the apical tergite whitish; the parameres of

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

428 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Map 80

© Paracyphononyx funereus (Lepeletier)

(also widely distr. in U.S.)
A P. unicolor (Smith)

(also widely distr. in So. America)
IB P. semiplumbeus (Taschenberg)

(also widely distr. in So. America)

this male are more acute apically than is common in this species.
All of this suggests an affinity with the eastern U. S. populations
(especially Florida). It is perhaps worth noting that there is regular
jet air transport between Miami and Mérida, and the specimens from
Yucatan were collected within a 20 km. radius of the airport in
Mérida (one, in fact, within 1 km.).

Paracyphononyx unicolor (Smith) new combination

Pompilus amoenus Taschenberg, 1869, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturwiss., 34: 63-64
[Type: ¢, BraziL: Nova Friburg (Univ. Halle, Germany; not seen
by writer)]. Preoccupied by Klug, 1834.

Pompilus unicolor Smith, 1879, Descr. N. Sp. Hymen. Brit. Mus., p. 154 [Type:
2, GUATEMALA: Guyaquil 5000 feet (BMNH, no. 19, 696)].—
Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 198.

Pompilus sulcatus Fox, 1897,.Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 49: 255-256 [Type:
9, BRAZIL: Santarem (CM)]. New synonym.

Pompilus amoenissimus Dalla Torre, 1897, Catal. Hymen., VIII, p. 272 (new
name for amoenus Taschenberg, nec Klug). New synonym.

Pompilus monochrous Dalla Torre, 1897, ibid., p. 303 (new name for unicolor
Smith, said to be preoccupied by Van der Linden, presumably Aporus
unicolor Spinola 1808, Van der Linden 1827). New synonym.

Allocyphonyx (Atopopompilus) sulcatus Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
99: 444.

HOWARD E. EVANS 429

Allocyphonyx (Atopopompilus) amoenissimus Banks, 1947, ibid., p. 445.

It is quite possible that other names placed by Banks in the sub-
genus Atopopompilus will be found to fall in the synonymy of this
widely distributed form (e.g., scapulatus Bréthes, nereine Banks, and
alienus Banks, all described from Argentina).

Description of type female. — Length 12.5 mm.; fore wing 8.5 mm. Black;
wings lightly infuscated, darker along the outer margin. Pubescence very fine,
dark except whitish on the following parts: head except upper front and vertex;
scape; anterior part of prothorax; sides of scutellum; most of metanotum and
extreme sides of postnotum, just behind the hind wings; propodeum at extreme
base and on declivity; lower mesopleura and upper part of hind coxae; outer
side of hind tibia; and weak but fairly broad basal bands on the first four ter-
gites. Head and prothorax with weak, short setae, propodeum also with some
very weak setae on the sides; tip of abdomen setose, especially below. Malar
space very short, less than half as long as second antennal segment. Clypeus
about twice as broad as high, weakly concave below. Front narrow, MID .53
X TED, 1.3 X LID, .73 X height of eye; UID about equal to LID; POL:OOL
about as 7:5. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 22:7:35:32,
segment three equal to .83 X UID. Vertex straight across between eye tops.
Pronotum angulate behind; postnotum dorsally nearly as long as the meta-
notum, with the usual median constriction; propodeum with a fairly well de-
fined declivity, its median line lightly impressed. Ultimate tarsal segments
with a median row of spines beneath; longer spur of hind tibia .7 as long as
the basitarsus. Fore wing with the marginal cell removed from the wing tip
by 1.5 X its own length; SMC3 subtriangular, the second and third intercubital
veins meeting the radius at nearly the same point.

Plesiallotype. — 8, GUATEMALA: [San Pedro] Yepocapa [4850
feet, Dept. Chimaltenango], May 1948 (H. T. Dalmat) [USNM].

Description of plesiallotype male. — Length 8.7 mm.; fore wing 7.0 mm.
Black, except as follows: palpi brown; scape with a triangular pale yellow
spot below; basal half of flagellum strongly suffused with ferruginous beneath;
posterior margin of pronotum with a pale yellowish stripe, narrowly interrupted
medially; tibial spurs straw-colored; hind tibia with a whitish spot basally, also
weakly suffused with ferruginous on the inner face; apical abdominal tergite
with a large ivory spot. Pubescence pale, somewhat glaucous over most of
the head, thorax, and basal parts of the legs, also forming basal pale bands
on T1-3 and S1-3, T4 wholly whitish-pubescent but the sternite dark; T5
mostly dark but the following two mostly pale-pubescent. Wings very lightly
infuscated, fore wing with a dark outer marginal band. Pubescence on pos-
terior slope of propodeum very coarse, dense, and semierect, whitish in color.
Malar space fairly long, about as long as the antennal pedicel and more than

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

430 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

half as long as the width of the mandibles at their base. Clypeus 2.3 X as
wide as high, truncate below. MID .58 X TFD; UID 1.10 X LID; POL
slightly exceeding OOL, the front angle of the ocellar triangle greater than a
right angle. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 15:5:17:16, seg-
ment three 2.2 X as long as its maximum width, segment nine 1.8 X as long
as its maximum width; segments 5-11 distinctly subangulate beneath, widest
about one-third the distance from their base. Pronotum broadly subangulate
behind; postnotum as in female; propodeum sloping rather evenly from front
to rear. Last segment of front tarsus slender, only very weakly asymmetrical;
longer spur of hind tibia .8 the length of the basitarsus. SMC3 short-petiolate.
S6 with a U-shaped apical emargination. SGP roundly elevated medially,
slender, the apex narrowly rounded and beset with strong spines; base of plate
only weakly expanded on the sides as compared to funereus. Genitalia charac-
terized by exceeding long, slender parameres, fully twice the length of the
other appendages; digiti capitate, bare in the center, mesal margin with some
short, stout setae and upper outer margin with some longer setae; aedoeagus
rather strongly setose (fig. 54).

Distribution. — This species apparently ranges throughout much
of South America, and in Central America north to Guatemala. I
have seen South American specimens from Bolivia, Argentina, and
several localities in Brazil. The absence of records from northwest-
ern South America is disconcerting, but South American specimens
are strikingly like those from Central America, including the male
terminalia. (Map 80.)

Central American specimens examined. —7 22,6 6 4. PAN-
AMA: 1 ¢, Cerro Campana, 9 Apr. 1963 (CWR) [KSU]; 1 2, 5
mi. ESE El Valle de Anton, 2200 feet, 3 May 1952 (CWR) [KU].
Costa Rica: 1 8, San José (M. Valerio) [USNM]; 1 ¢, 1 ¢,
Liberia, 26-28 July 1963 (HAS) [OSU]; 2 2? 2,2 ¢ 6, Turrialba,
22-24 July 1963 (HAS) [OSU]. NicAracua: 1 2, Sioux Planta-
tion, Rio Grande, 10 July 1916 [MCZ]. GUATEMALA: 1 3, San
Pedro Yepocapa, May 1948 (H. T. Dalmat) [USNM]; 2 2 2, Guya-
quil, 5000 feet [BMNH].

Variation. — The females vary in size from 11 to 14 mm. and
show considerable variation in the patterning with pale pubescence.
One female from Panama has unusually strong banding on the first
three tergites, the fourth is wholly pale-pubescent, the fifth partially
so; while one of the Guatemala females has less pale pubescence than
described for the type, as do some of the South American females
examined. In the Central American females other than the type,

HOWARD E. EVANS 431

MID varies from .51 to .54 X TFD, antennal segment three from
.85 to .90 X UID. SMC3 is short-petiolate in one Panama female.

The males vary in size from 8 to 11 mm. and show considerable
variation. The Nicaragua and Costa Rica males, like some of those
from Brazil, have the ferruginous coloration extending nearly to the
apex of the antennae, but only in small patches on the basal third of
each segment on the under side; these specimens also have the spurs
more nearly whitish and a much larger whitish streak on the hind
tibia, also a white spot at the apex of the front femur; in the Nicar-
agua specimen the hind tibia is in large part ferrugino-testaceous.
The pattern of pale pubescence of the Central American males closely
approaches that of the plesiallotype, but some South American males
have T3 wholly pale-pubescent; these specimens have genitalia vir-
tually identical to those from Central America, and I do not feel that
Banks (1947) was correct in using this as a specific character. Actu-
ally some variation can be noted in the breadth of the parameres, but
this is no greater than that occurring in funereus and other species of
this genus. In some males POL and OOL are subequal, while in
others POL considerably exceeds OOL. MID varies from .57 to .62
X TED, antennal segment nine from 1.6 to 1.9 X as long as wide.
As mentioned above, several other South American names may be
found to be synonyms of unicolor; final solution of this will have to
include a more precise understanding of the range of variation of this
species in South America.

Paracyphononyx semiplumbeus (Taschenberg) new combination

Pompilus semiplumbeus Vaschenberg, 1869, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturwiss., 34: 66
[Type: 2, BRraziL: Congonh, Parana (Univ. Halle, Germany; not
seen by writer) ].— Holmberg, 1881, An. Soc. Cient. Argent., 12:
138.

Pompilus iratus Smith, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4)11: 444 [Type: ¢,
BRAZIL: Parad (BMNH, no. 19, 566)]. New synonym.

Pompilus boucardi Cameron, 1893, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Hymen. II, p. 204, pl.
11, figs. 24 & 24a [Type: 6, PANAMA (no further data) (Boucard)
(BMNH, no. 19, 704)]. New synonym.

Pompilus annulipes Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 49: 256-257 [Type:
é, BRaziL: Corumba, April (CM)]. Synonymy by Banks, 1947.

Allocyphonyx semiplumbeus Banks, 1947, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99: 438
(Brazil, Argentina).

Female. — Length 12-16 mm. Head and thorax black, except the pro-

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

432 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

notum with a strong yellowish band along its posterior margin, the scape some-
times with a pale spot below; abdomen rufo-ferruginous except first segment
black at extreme base; wings moderately infuscated, darker along outer margin.
Head, thorax, basal two segments of antennae, and greater part of legs clothed
in greater part with a heavy glaucous, somewhat silvery pubescence; the pu-
bescence of the vertex, parts of the thoracic dorsum, the under side of the
tibiae, and apical annuli on the tarsal segments is dark; abdomen covered with
fine, pale pubescence. Temples and propleura with short, white hair; last sev-
eral sternites with fine, darker hair. Labrum about 1.7 X as wide as long;
clypeus about twice as broad as high; malar space about half as long as width
of mandibles at their base. Front moderately broad for the genus, MID .55-
.58 X TFD; UID .90-.98 X LID; ocellar triangle rather broad, POL slightly
exceeding OOL; third antennal segment .95-1.05 XK UID. Pronotum sub-
angulate behind; postnotum much constricted on the midline, overhung by
the median elevation of the metanotum; propodeum with a well-defined oblique
declivity on the posterior third. Legs strongly spinose; ultimate tarsal seg-
ments with a median row of spines beneath. SMC3 strongly narrowed above,
often subtriangular.

Description of holotype male of boucardi.?° — Length 12 mm.; fore wing
10.3 mm. Head and thorax black, abdomen wholly rufo-ferruginous, anten-
nal flagellum ferruginous except infuscated on upper side, more especially api-
cally; body with yellowish-ivory markings as follows: scape beneath, posterior
pronotal margin very broadly, last two tergites with large median spots, front
femora with an apical spot, middle tibiae with a basal spot, hind tibiae with
a long basal streak, all tarsal segments except apical ones broadly annulated
basally with whitish, all spurs whitish. Wings hyaline, fore wing with a fus-
cous Outer marginal band. Body extensively clothed with a heavy silvery pu-
bescence, including basal two antennal segments and most of the legs, on the
abdomen tending to form whitish basal bands on the basal four segments; the
pubescence is dark on the vertex, the anterior part of the mesoscutum, the
scutellar disc, the metapleura and sides of the propodeum; on the propodeal
declivity it is coarse and erect as usual in this genus. Head, prothorax, and
front coxae with rather dense, short, white hairs. [Labrum well exserted; cly-
peus about twice as broad as high, its apical margin weakly concave.] Malar
space long, nearly half as long as the scape and about half as long as the width
of the mandibles at their base. Front of moderate width, MID .58 X TFD,
1.04 X LID, .9 X HE; UID subequal to LID. Ocellar triangle broad, the
front angle greater than a right angle; POL and OOL subequal. First four
antennal segments in a ratio of about 23:6:32:32, segment three 2.7 X as
long as thick; segments 5-12 slightly crenulate in profile, the lower margin of
each arcuately swollen, the upper margin weakly concave [segments beyond
nine missing in type]. Pronotum broadly arcuate behind; postnotum nearly

30 A few structures which are broken or missing in the type are filled in (in
brackets) from specimens from Campinas and Nova Teutonia, Brazil.

HOWARD E. EVANS 433

as long as metanotum; propodeum short, sloping steeply and rather evenly.
Last segment of front tarsus very slightly asymmetrical. Fore wing with the
third submarginal cell subtriangular. Abdomen somewhat flattened above
[SGP abruptly truncate apically, its margin rather jagged, with a median pro-
jection and a pair of lateral projections, with some very stout apical spines.
Genitalia with the parameres slender, elongate although shorter than in the
preceding species; digiti rather slender apically, bare in the center and with
some stout bristles surrounding the bare area, the bristles on the inner margin,
and those at the base of the digitus, stronger and more numerous than in the
preceding species, but the aedoeagus more weakly setose.]

Distribution. — This species is not uncommon in Brazil and also
occurs in Argentina. The only specimen I have seen from outside
these two countries is the type of boucardi, from Panama, but this
specimen is so similar to Brazilian material that I cannot believe that
it is not conspecific.

Central American specimens examined. —1 8, PANAMA (no
further data) (Boucard) [BMNH].
Variation. — The males from Brazil and Argentina show con-

siderable variation, particular in coloration and in shape of the SGP,
but this does not seem the place to describe this variation in detail.
Some males from Brazil have the last four abdominal segments black,
and there is some variation in the color of the antennae and in the
width of the stripe on the pronotum. MID varies from .57 to .63 X
TFD and POL frequently exceeds OOL. The SGP is always more
or less truncate apically and weakly to rather strongly irregular, often
tridentate as described above. The genitalia of the specimens ex-
amined show little variation of importance. The genitalia of the
type are missing, so it will never be possible to check these against
Brazilian specimens.

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20 -

434

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

INDEX

Valid names are printed in italics.

in bold-face.

Acanthagenia, 148

acapulcoensis, Anoplius
(Arachnophroctonus), 275

Actenopoda, 37

admirationis admirationis, Priochilus,
162

aequus, Pompilus, 103

aethiops, Anoplius (Lophopompilus),
244

affinis, Tachypompilus ferrugineus,
234

Afropompilus, 226

Agenioideus, 139, 144

alcatara, Psammochares, 264

algidus fervidus, Poecilopompilus, 210

algidus marcidus, Poecilopompilus,
206

algidus willistoni, Poecilopompilus,
209

Allaporus, 66

Allochares, 421

Allocyphonyx, 424

alternata, Pedinaspis, 109

alticola, Anoplius (Anoplius), 342

amabilis, Allaporus, 72

amarus, Anoplius, 334

ambatoensis, Anoplius (Anoplius),
345

americanus ambiguus, Anoplius
(Arachnophroctonus) , 290

amethystinoides, Pompilus, 250

amethystinus amethystinus, Anoplius
(Notiochares), 250

amethystinus exclusus, Anoplius
(Notiochares), 253

amoenissimus, Pompilus, 428

Ammosphex, 379

Anacyphononyx, 424

anahuacensis, Arachnophroctonus,
142

Page numbers of new taxa are printed
Only main references are cited.

angularis angularis, Pompilus
(Ammosphex), 383

angularis volcanicus, Pompilus
(Ammosphex), 384

angustatus, Sericopompilus, 186

anomalus, Chelaporus, 64

anomalus durangoanus, Pompilus
(Ammosphex), 385

Anopliella, 301

Anopliodes, 262

Anoplius, 241, 328

Anopompilinus, 379

Anotochares, 119

antillana, Notiochares, 253

apicatus, Aporus, 416

apiculatus apiculatus, Anoplius
(Arachnophroctonus) , 296

apiculatus hondurensis,
Arachnophroctonus, 296

Aplochares, 183

Aporinellus, 402

Aporoideus, 139, 144

Aporus, 37, 43

Arachnophila, 269

Arachnophroctonus, 269

Arachnospila, 397

arctus, Pompilus (Arachnospila), 398

Argyrogenia, 148

arizonica, Episyron, 192

asignus, Evagetes, 129

assimilis, Planiceps, 48

Atopopompilus, 424

Aulocostethus, 27

aureolus, Odontaporus, 59

aurifrons, Priochilus (Foximia), 155

auripennis, Balboana, 175

aurulentus, Allaporus, 78

Austrochares, 200

autilone, Lophopompilus, 275

aztecus, Epipompilus, 29

HOWARD E. EVANS

azureus, Allochares, 422

badius, Poecilopompilus, 211

Balanoderes, 226

Balboana, 173

balteolus, Pompilus, 221

banksi, Psorthaspis, 99

barbouri, Priocnemis (Balboa), 175

basalis, Aporinellus, 412

Batozonoides, 183

Batozonus, 203

bellicosus, Psammochares, 275

bequaerti, Planiceps, 55

biedermani, Agenioideus (Ridestus),
141

biguttatus montezuma, Episyron, 192

bioculata, Psorthaspis, 116

birkmanni, A genioideus
(Gymnochares), 146

boharti, Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) ,
367

bolivari, Anoplius, 345

bolli, Anoplius (Anopliodes), 263

boucardi, Pompilus, 431

bradleyi, Psorthaspis, 102

bridwelli, Aporinellus, 412

bugabensis, Psorthaspis connexa, 117

burrus, Tachypompilus ferrugineus,
231

calefactus, Evagetes, 136
californiae, Anoplius (Pompilinus),
314
caloderes, Psammochares, 264
cameroni, Balboana, 179
Cameronoplius, 325
canipennis, Psorthaspis, 115
captivum, Priochilus, 171
Ceratopompilus, 403
ceres, Euplaniceps, 82
Chalcochares, 119
championi, Pompilus, 334
Chelaporus, 63
chiapanus, Anoplius
(Arachnophroctonus) , 283

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

435

chiapanus, Aporus (Neoplaniceps), 40

chiriquensis, Pompilus, 175

chiriqui, Anoplius (Anopliodes), 268

clarus, Priochilus (Foximia), 157

clavipes, Pompilinus, 320

cleora, Anoplius (Lophopompilus),
246

clystera, Anoplius (Pompilinus), 317

cockerellae, Arachnophroctonus, 231

coelestis, Psorthaspis, 97

completus, Aporinellus, 414

comptus, Odontaporus, 61

concolor, Aporus (Aporus), 49

confusaneus, Pompilus, 112

connexa bugabensis, Psorthaspis, 117

connexa connexa, Psorthaspis, 115

connexus, Pompilus, 378

conterminus posterus, Episyron, 196

coruscus, Pompilus, 290

coxalis, Notiochares, 256

cuautemoc, Anoplius
(Arachnophroctonus), 285

cylindricus, Anoplius (Pompilinus) ,
319

decorus, Anoplius (Cameronoplius),
326

delicatus, Epipompilus, 32

demerarensis, Pompilus, 171

Dicyrtomalis, 83

Dicyrtomus, 424

diffinis, Notiochares, 272

dreisbachi, Anoplius (Anoplius), 353

dubitatus, Poecilopompilus interruptus,
DD)

dux, Pompilus, 250

echinatus, Anoplius
(Arachnophroctonus), 272
Ectemnagenia, 148
elegantulus, Allaporus, 77
engleharti, Chalcochares, 120
Epicostethus, 27
Epipompilus, 27
Episyron, 190

436

estellina, Anoplius (Pompilinus), 311

Eubatozonus, 203

eubule, Psorthaspis, 101

Euplaniceps, 80

Eupompiloides, 403

Evagetes, 122

exactus, Pompilus, 196

excisa, Acanthagenia, 172

exclusus, Anoplius (Notiochares)
amethystinus, 253

expulsus, Pompilus (Xerochares), 378

fasciatus, Aporinellus, 416

fascipennis, Allaporus, 80

Ferreoloides, 403

ferrugineus affinis, Tachypompilus,
234

ferrugineus burrus, Tachypompilus,
231

ferrugineus torridus, Tachypompilus,
229

ferrugineus unicolor,
Arachnophroctonus, 229

ferrugineus yavapai, Tachypompilus,
230

fervidus, Poecilopompilus algidus, 210

festiva, Tastiotenia, 138

flavomarginatus, Pompilus, 53

flavopictus flavopictus,
Poecilopompilus, 214

formosa, Psorthaspis, 109

formosum hondurense, Priochilus, 164

Foximia, 148

fragilis, Pompilus, 159

fraternus, Anoplius (Pompilinus) , 323

fraternus, Balboana, 174

fraternus, Episyron, 197

fulgidus, Anoplius (Anoplius), 334

fumipennis, Allaporus, 71.

fumipennis eureka, Pompilus
(Arachnospila), 401

funereus, Paracyphononyx, 426

funestus, Aporus (Neoplaniceps), 42

fustiferum, Priochilus, 165

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

gloriosum gloriosum, Priochilus, 166
gracile, Priochilus, 152
grandiflexionis, Anoplius
(Pompilinus), 305
guatemalae, Psorthaspis, 98
guatemalensis, Anoplius, 344
guatemalensis, Pompilus, 187
Gymnochares, 146

harperi, Pompilus, 155

Hesperopompilus, 358

hilli, Pompilus (Hesperopompilus),
363

hinei, Priochilus, 159

hirsutifemur, Chalcochares, 121

hirsutus, Aporus (Plectraporus), 63

hispaniolae, Anoplius (Pompilinus),
324

humilis, Agenioideus (A genioideus),
145

idahoensis, Pompilus
(Hesperopompilus), 367

Idopedinaspis, 83

idris comptus, Aporus (Aporus), 61

idris idris, Aporus (Aporus), 59

imbellis, Anoplius (Anoplius), 337

imitator, Aplochares, 184

imperialis, Pompilus, 95

impudica, Psorthaspis variegata, 115

ingenuus, Evagetes, 126

innotatus, Notoplaniceps, 35

inornatus, Batazonus, 213

insolens, Anoplius (Pompilinus), 315

insolitus, Epipompilus, 31

interruptus dubitatus,
Poecilopompilus, 221

interruptus interruptus,
Poecilopompilus, 218

interruptus semiflavus,
Poecilopompilus, 224

interstitialis, Pompilus, 340

iratus, Pompilus, 431

HOWARD

ithaca, Anoplius (Anoplius), 333

jacintoensis, Pompilus
(Hesperopompilus), 361
juxtus, Pompilus, 290

laevifrons, Psorthaspis, 95

laticeps, Aporinellus, 418

leona, Anoplius (Pompilinus), 305

lepidus atramentarius, Anoplius
(Notiochares), 260

lepidus lepidus, Anoplius
(Notiochares), 255

litoreus, Anoplius (Pompilinus), 312

Lophopompilus, 243

luxus, Aporus (Aporus), 48

macronotum cressoni, Psorthaspis, 94

macronotum hurdi, Psorthaspis, 92

macronotum macron-ium,
Psorthaspis, 90

macronotum zacateca, Psorthaspis, 91

marcidus, Poecilopompilus algidus,
206

marginalis, Anoplius
(Arachnophroctonus), 279

maximiliani, Epipompilus, 29

medianus, A porinellus, 409

Melanaporus, 43

mendozae, Tachypompilus, 239

mexicanus, Allaporus, 74

mexicanus, Austrochares, 201

mexicanus, Pompilus, 141

minutus, Pompilinus, 311

moestus, Anoplius
(Arachnophroctonus), 288

mohave, Evagetes, 130

monochrous, Pompilus, 428

montezuma, Episyron biguttatus, 192

monticola, Pompilus, 49

moorei, Pompilus, 175

mundulus, Pompilus, 334

nahuatlensis, Psorthaspis, 94
nayaritana, Balboana, 181

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

E. EVANS

437

Neoplaniceps, 39

neotropicalis, Sericopompilus, 187

niger, Aporus, 45

nigribasis, Epipompilus, 31

notabilis notabilis, Aporus (Aporus),
52

notabilis prolongatus, A porus
(Aporus), 57

notabilis pulchritarsis, Aporus
(Aporus), 55

Notiochares, 247

Notoplaniceps, 34

occidentalis, Pompilus (Ammosphex),
394

Odontaporus, 43

omiltemensis, Pompilus, 400

orophilus, Pompilus
(Hesperopompilus), 364

orthodes, Pompilinus, 290

otomi, Pompilus (Ammosphex), 388

pacis, Pompilus (Hesperopompilus),
360

padrinus minusculus, Evagetes, 135

padrinus padrinus, Evagetes, 132

papago, Anoplius (Anoplius), 344

Paracyphononyx, 424

parsonsi, Anoplius (Anopliodes), 266

parvulus, Pompilus (Ammosphex),
387

parvulus tepahuanus, Pompilus
(Ammosphex), 387

parvus, Evagetes, 127

perfasciatus, Pompilus
(Perissopompilus), 376

Perissopompilus, 374

phoenix, Pompilus (Perissopompilus) ,
375

pictus, Pompilus, 112

pisoensis, Pompilus, 253

planata, Psorthaspis, 103

Planiceps, 37

Plectraporus, 62

438

Poecilopompilus, 203

polistoides polistoides,
Poecilopompilus, 213

Pompilinus, 301

Pompilus, 356

portiae conocephala, Psorthaspis, 108

portiae portiae, Psorthaspis, 105

posterus, Episyron conterminus, 196

Priochilus, 147

propinquus, Pompilus, 250

Psammochares, 241

Psorthaspis, 83

puella, Anoplius, 290

pulchella, Balboana, 182

pulchellus, Allaporus, 76

pulchrinellus, Pompilus, 400

pulchritarsis, Aporus (Aporus)
notabilis, 55

Pycnopompilus, 397

pygidialis, Pompilus, 207

quinquenotatus hurdi, Episyron, 192

regalis, Psorthaspis, 99

relativus, Anoplius
(Arachnophroctonus), 280

rhomboideus, Pompilus, 171

Ridestus, 141

rinconensis, Pompilus, 109

rubicundus, Agenioideus (Ridestus),
143

rufiventris, Allaporus, 73

rufopictus, Pompilus
(Hesperopompilus), 367

scelestus, Pompilus (Arachnospila),
400

Schistosalius, 424

scrupulum, Priochilus, 157

scutellatus, Pompilus, 154

semiplumbeus, Paracyphononyx, 431

semirufus, Anoplius
(Arachnophroctonus), 299

semirufus, Aporinellus, 406

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

sericeifrons, Priochilus, 154

Sericopompilus, 185

serrano, Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) ,
369

simulans, Anoplius (Anoplius), 340

sinaloae, Pompilus, 422

sinuatus, Aporinellus, 418

smithianus, Allaporus, 72

snow, Episyron, 195

solonus solonus, Pompilus
(Ammosphex), 390

solonus teotihuacanus, Pompilus
(Ammosphex), 391

Sophropompilus, 123

splendens, Anoplius, (Pompilinus),
318

splendidulum splendidulum,
Priochilus, 159

Streptosella, 123

subargenteus, Pompilus, 290

subcylindricus, Anoplius
(Pompilinus) , 308

subtarsatus, Anoplius, 344

sulcatus, Pompilus, 428

superbus, Priochilus, 169

Tachypompilus, 226

taeniatus taeniatus, A porinellus, 406

tarahumarae, Pompilus
(Xenopompilus), 372

tarascanus, Pompilus
(Xenopompilus), 373

tarsalis, Balboana, 177

tarsatus, Anoplius, 349

Tastiotenia, 137

telemon, Pompilus, 95

temaxensis, Pompilus, 196

texanus, Anoplius (Pompilinus), 310

tlahuicanus, Pompilus
(Xenopompilus), 372

toltecus, Allaporus, 69

toluca, Anoplius (Anoplius), 349

tomentosus, Salius, 109

torolae, Pompilus, 159

HOWARD E. EVANS

torridus, Tachypompilus ferrugineus,
229

umbratilis, Aporus (Aporus), 47
unicolor cerinus, Tachypompilus, 235
unicolor, Paracyphononyx, 428

variegata impudica, Psorthaspis, 115
variegata variegata, Psorthaspis, 112
variegatus, Arachnophroctonus, 280
varius, Anoplius (Anopliodes), 264
varunus, Anoplius, 290

veraepacis, Priochilus, 169

vicina, Psorthaspis, 88

virulentus, Pompilus, 231

vitabilis, Pompilus, 171

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

439

wasbaueri, Pompilus (Ammosphex),
396

williamsi, Anoplius, 345

willistoni, Poecilopompilus algidus,
209

Xenopompilus, 370

Xerochares, 377

xerophilus, Anoplius
(Arachnophroctonus) , 277

yavapai, Planiceps, 55
yucatanensis, A porinellus, 418

zapotecus, Aporus (Aporus), 59
zapotecus, Pompilus (Ammosphex),
392

440 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES

PLATE 1
Wings of representative species of Pompilinae

Fig. 1. — Epipompilus excelsus (Bradley)

Fig. 2. — Aporus (Neoplaniceps) chiapanus Evans
Fig. 3. — Aporus (Aporus) concolor (Smith)

Fig. 4. — Chelaporus anomalus (Banks)

Fig. 5.— Allaporus pulchellus (Banks)

Fig. 6. — Euplaniceps saussurei (Kohl)

Fig. 7. — Psorthaspis macronotum (Kohl)

Fig. 8. — Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks)

PLATE 2
Wings of representative species of Pompilinae

Fig. 9.— Tastiotenia festiva Evans

Fig. 10. — Agenioideus humilis (Cresson)

Fig. 11.— Priochilus splendidulum (Fabricius)
Fig. 12. — Balboana auripennis (Fabricius)
Fig. 13.— Aplochares imitator (Smith)

Fig. 14. — Sericopompilus apicalis (Say)

Fig. 15. — Episyron biguttatus (Fabricius)
Fig. 16. — Austrochares gastricus Spinola

RICANS
Wings of representative species of Pompilinae

Fig. 17. — Poecilopompilus flavopictus (Smith)

Fig. 18. — Tachypompilus unicolor cerinus Evans

Fig. 19. — Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) relativus (Fox)
Fig. 20. — Anoplius (Cameronoplius) decorus (Cameron)
Fig. 21.— Pompilus (Perissopompilus) phoenix Evans
Fig. 22.— Pompilus (Arachnospila) scelestus Cresson
Fig. 23. — Aporinellus fasciatus (Smith)

Fig. 24. — Paracyphononyx funereus (Lepeletier)

PLATE 4
Male genitalia (ventral aspect)

Fig. 25.— Notoplaniceps innotatus (Banks), plesiallotype
Fig. 26. — Aporus (Aporus) concolor (Smith)

Fig. 27. — Aporus (Aporus) idris (Cameron)

Fig. 28.— Psorthaspis guatemalae Bradley

Fig. 29. — Psorthaspis variegata (Smith)

Fig. 30. — Psorthaspis connexa bugabensis (Cameron)

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

HOWARD E. EVANS 44]

PLATE 5
Male genitalia (ventral aspect)

31. — Priochilus splendidulum (Fabricius)
32. — Priochilus scrupulum (Fox)

33. — Priochilus fustiferum Evans, type
34. — Priochilus gloriosum (Cresson)

35. — Priochilus captivum (Fabricius)

36. — Priochilus gracile Evans, allotype

PLATE 6
Male genitalia (ventral aspect)

37. — Agenioideus rubicundus Evans, type

38. — Austrochares mexicanus Dreisbach

39. — Evagetes calefactus Evans, allotype

40. — Anoplius (Cameronoplius) decorus (Cameron)

41. — Anoplius (Anopliodes) chiriqui Evans, type

42. — Anoplius (Anopliodes) varius (Fabricius), digitus volsellaris only
43. — Anoplius (Anopliodes) parsonsi (Banks), digitus volsellaris only

PLATE 7
Male genitalia (ventral aspect)

44. — Anoplius (Anoplius) fulgidus (Cresson)

45.— Anoplius (Anoplius) simulans (Cresson), specimen from Cuer-
navaca, Morelos, Mexico, digitus volsellaris only

46. — Anoplius (Anoplius) simulans (Cresson), paratype from Orizaba,
Veracruz, Mexico

47. — Anoplius (Anoplius) papago Banks

48. — Anoplius (Anoplius) alticola (Cameron)

49. — Anoplius (Anoplius) dreisbachi Evans, type

50. — Anoplius (Anoplius) toluca (Cameron)

PLATE 8
Male genitalia (ventral aspect)

51.— Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) echinatus (Fox)

52. — Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) chiapanus Evans, type
53. — Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) cuautemoc Evans, type
54. — Paracyphononyx unicolor (Smith)

55.— Pompilus (Ammosphex) zapotecus Cameron

56. — Pompilus (Ammosphex) wasbaueri Evans, type

MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 20

442

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

PLATE 9
Male genitalia (ventral aspect)

57. — Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) pacis Evans, type

58. — Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) serrano Evans, allotype
59. — Aporus (Neoplaniceps) chiapanus Evans, allotype
60. — Epipompilus delicatus Turner

61. — Balboana auripennis (Fabricius)

62. — Balboana cameroni Evans, allotype

PLATE 10
Male subgenital plates (ventral aspect)

63. — Epipompilus delicatus Turner

64. — Psorthaspis vicina (Cresson) (basal plate omitted)
65. — Psorthaspis variegata (Smith)

66. — Psorthaspis connexa bugabensis (Cameron)
67. — Psorthaspis guatemalae Bradley, plesiallotype
68. — Psorthaspis regalis (Smith), plesiallotype

69. — Psorthaspis eubule (Cameron), plesiallotype
70. — Psorthaspis laevifrons (Cresson)

71. — Priochilus splendidulum (Fabricius)

72. — Priochilus scrupulum (Fox)

73. — Priochilus captivum (Fabricius)

74. — Balboana cameroni Evans, allotype

JEANIE, Il
Male subgenital plates (ventral aspect)

75. — Anoplius (Notiochares) lepidus atramentarius (Dahlbom): a and b,
two different specimens from Falls Church, Va.

76. — Anoplius (Notiochares) lepidus lepidus (Say): a, apex of SGP of
specimen from Kartabo, British Guiana; b, specimen from
Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

77. — Anoplius (Notiochares) amethystinus (Fabricius): a, apex of SGP
of specimen of subspecies exclusus from Barro Colorado Is-
land, Canal Zone; b, specimen of typical amethystinus from
Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

78. — Evagetes calefactus Evans, allotype

79. — Anoplius (Anoplius) simulans (Cresson), paratype

80. — Anoplius (Anoplius) alticola (Cameron)

81. — Anoplius (Anoplius) pagago Banks

82. — Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) cuautemoc Evans, type

83. — Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) serrano Evans, allotype

84. — Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) pacis Evans, type

85. — Pompilus (Ammosphex) wasbaueri Evans, type

Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. No. 20 Plate 1

ae 7
ze: ee

= = > —
SS :
6. Euplaniceps saussurei (Kohl)

2. Aporus (Neoplaniceps) chiapanus Evans

—=

3. Aporus (Aporus) concolor (Smith)

4 Chelaporus anomalus (Banks)
8. Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks)

EVANS — MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. No. 20

9. Tastiotenia festiva Evans

——— Tau
co

10. Agenioideus humilis (Cresson)

\

2. Balboana auripennis (Fabricius)

Plate 2

13. Aplochares imitator (Smith)

14. Sericopompilus apicalis (Say)

aN ‘ ae
So eae Ee

IS. Episyron biguttatus (Fabricius)

I6. Austrochares gastricus Spinola

EVANS — MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

U - =
j
4
i
v
oo

Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. No. 20 Plate 3

aS
@

SS A

1% Poecilopompilus flavopictus (Smith) 21. Pompilus (Perissopompilus) phoenix Evans

18. Tachypompilus unicolor cerinus Evans 22. Pompilus (Arachnospila) scelestus Cresson

23. Aporinellus fasciatus (Smith)

19. Anoplius (Arachnophroctonus) relativus (Fox)

ME LEE
= )

)

(oS y isi
20. Anoplius (Cameronoplius) decorus (Cameron) 24. Paracyphononyx funereus (Lepeletier)

EVANS — MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. No. 20 Plate 4

29. P variegata (Smith) 30. P connexa bugabensis (Cameron)

EVANS — MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. No. 20 Plate 5

35. P. captivum (Fabricius) 36. P. gracile Evans

EVANS — MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. No. 20 Plate 6

40. Anoplius (Cameronoplius) decorus (Cameron)

4|. A (Anopliodes) chiriqui Evans 42. A. (A.) varius (Fabricius) 43. A. (A) parsonsi (Banks)

EVANS — MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

ie ee

a

i eid |

Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. No. 20 Plate 7

49. A. (A.) dreisbachi Evans 50. A. (A.) toluca (Cameron)

EVANS — MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. No. 20 Plate 8

53. A. (A.) cuautemoc Evans

55. FPompilus (Ammosphex) zapotecus Cameron 56. Pompilus (A.) wasbaueri Evans

EVANS — MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. No. 20

60. Epipompilus delicatus Turner

6]. Balboana auripennis (Fabricius) 62. B. cameroni Evans

EVANS — MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

c s fies?

Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. No. 20 Plate 10

66. Ps. connexa bugabensis
(Cameron)

63. Epipompilus delicatus Turner 64. Psorthaspis vicina (Cresson) 65. Ps. variegata (Smith)

ap

70. Ps. laevifrons (Cresson)

67 Ps. quatemalae Bradley 68. Ps. regalis (Smith) 69. Ps. eubule (Cameron)

iS

Vl. Priochilus splendidulum 74. Balboana cameroni
(Fabricius) 72. Pr. scrupulum (Fox) 73. Pr. captivum (Fabricius) Evans

EVANS — MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. No. 20 Plate 11

aes . ie \ a

b

75. Anoplius (Notiochares) lepidus 76. A. (N.) lepidus 77. A. (N.) amethystinus
atramentarius (Dahlbom) lepidus (Say) (Fabricius)

78. Evagetes calefactus 79. Anoplius (Anoplius) 80. A. (A) alticola 8I. A. (A) pagago
Evans simulans (Cresson) (Cameron) Banks

2. A. (Arachnophroctonus) 83. Pompilus (Hesperopompilus) 84. P (H) pacis 85. P (Ammosphex)
cuautemoc Evans serrano Evans Evans wasbaueri Evans

EVANS — MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS

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MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

An irregular serial of monographic papers by students of authority in their re-

spective subjects.

1,

2

The Cresson Types of Hymenoptera. Ezra T. Cresson. 1916. $6.00.

The Blattidae of North America, North of the Mexican Boundary. Morgan
Hebard. 1917. $10.00.

. A Venational Study of the Suborder Zygoptera (Odonata), with Keys for the

Identification of Genera. Philip A. Munz. 1919. $2.00.

. The Blattidae of Panama. Morgan Hebard. 1920. $3.00.

The Types of Hymenoptera in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philedetbhila
other than those of Ezra T. Cresson. Ezra T. Cresson. 1928. $2.00.

. Revision of the Rhipiphoridae of North and Central America (Coleoptera).

Ezekiel Rivnay. 1929, $2.00.
A Revision of the Dipterous Family Rhagionidae (Leptidae) in the United States
and Canada. Mortimer D. Leonard. 1930. $4.50.

The Eumastacinae of Southern Mexico and Central America. 4 ames A. G. Rehn
and John Ww. H. Rehn. 1934. $2.50.

The Generic Names of the Sphecoid Wasps and their type species. V. S. L.

Pate. 1937. $2.50.

A Revision of the North American species belonging to the genus Pegomyia.
H. C. Huckett. 1941. $3.00.

. Catalogue and reclassification of the Nearctic Tot peurhiontdee: Henry K.

Townes, Jr. 1944, $15.00.

The Biology and Identification of Trypetid Larvae. WVenia Tarris Phillips. 1946.
$5.00.

. Elachistidae of North America Ueiotestanattea): Annette F. Braun. 1948.

$4.50.

. Classification of the Blattaria as Indicated by their Wings (Orthoptera). John
—W.H. Rehn. 1951. $5.00.

. The Neotropical Species of the “Subgenus Aeschna” sensu Selysii 1883 (Odo-

nata). Philip P. Calvert. 1956. $10.00.
A Taxonomic Study of the North American Licinini with Notes on the Old
World Species of the Genus Diplocheila Brullé (Coleoptera). George E. Ball.

1959. $10.00.

19,

20.

. A Taxonomic Study of the Milliped Family Spirobolidae (Diplopoda: Spiro-

bolida). William T. Keeton. 1960. $5.50.

. The Genus Bucculatrix in America North of Mexico (Microlepidoptera). Ann-

ette F. Braun. 1963. $8.50.

The Butterflies of Liberia. Richard M. Fox, Arthur W. Lindsey, Jr., Harry K.
Clench, and Lee D. Miller. 1965. $12.50.

A Revision of the Mexican and Central American Spider Wasps of the ‘Sub-
family Pompilinae (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Howard E. Evans. 1966.
$12.50.

In making inquiries relative to publications, address:

THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa.

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