renee
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Library of

The American

Entomological Society

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MEMOIRS
OF THE

AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
NUMBER 6

REVISION OF THE

RHIPIPHORIDAE

OF

NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
(COLEOPTERA)

BY
EZEKIEL RIVNAY

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ANig

Ss
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TN

dorm

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Wy, 7

AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
PHILADELPHIA

1929

MEMOIRS
OF THE

AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
NUMBER 6

REVISION OF THE

RHIPIPHORIDAE

OF

NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
(COLEOPTERA)

BY
EZEKIEL RIVNAY

NNN
yy

Uy

Y

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
PHILADELPHIA

[929

MEMOIRS
OF THE.

AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NUMBER 6

REVISION OF THE RHIPIPHORIDAE OF NORTH AND
CENTRAL AMERICA!
(COLEOPTERA)

By EZEKIEL RIVNAY

CONTENTS
PAGE
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HINT, Ilo a Ie E25 ictealord ores cicsichdueo eared oko sus islcacRal pment ot Os tian nen eR 6
IV. Classification and general Description...................000.-e00ee 12
V. Taxonomy

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VI. Bibliography
A. (CRN yee Seas oem ned, cen 8 alates ieee ar treet) ae te te eee 64
Beelaxonomic literatures cmammaec as soe sessile sok hae oe kine coma 64
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INTRODUCTION

The Rhipiphoridae are comparatively rare insects, and many
species belonging to this family were originally described from one
specimen. Several species are still represented by a single speci-
men, the monotype. Because of the rarity of this group of

1 Submitted as part of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the
Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

2 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

insects, few students treated and studied it, and, as a result,
the taxonomy of this family has been unsatisfactory, especially
in the United States. Of all the Rhipiphoridae listed in Leng’s
Catalogue, about 12% were described after the days of Leconte
and Horn, while in many other groups the percentage of recently
described insects is considerably greater. The literature of this
family also reveals the lack of definite conclusions as to the validity
of certain species and varieties. This is due, naturally, to the
fact that several species were described from single specimens.
There has existed also a diversity of opinion as to the proper
names of certain genera, and their correct position in the family.

The present paper is the result of an attempt to bring this
family into better taxonomic order. The author does not claim
to have settled all the difficulties that are involved in the taxonomic
study of this group; on the contrary, he frankly admits that
considerable work is still to be done. But in preparing this
paper he has attempted to do the following: (1) To study the
different species already described and wherever it seemed neces-
sary, redescribe such species or make additional references to
characters which have been omitted in the original descriptions,
with the hope that the student may more easily determine his
material; (2) to find definite means of correlating the two sexes
and describe the other sex in cases where it has not heretofore
been known; (3) to describe new forms, based on undetermined
material or upon wrongly identified specimens found in the
various collections; (4) to divide the family properly, and base
the division upon morphological features and biologic character-
istics as far as possible; and (5) to collect scattered important
data in regard to the biology of the group.

To accomplish the above the writer has studied the types or
paratypes of such species as could be obtained in the eastern
states. For that purpose he has visited Boston, Washington and
Philadelphia. In addition, several collections were kindly placed
at his disposal in the American Museum of Natural History, where
a taxonomic study as well as a morphologic comparison of the
group has been pursued.

The material studied was obtained from the following sources:
American Museum of Natural History, through Dr. F. E. Lutz

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 3

and Mr. A. J. Mutchler:—American Museum Collection, con-
taining the Henry Edwards, Charles Palm and other collections.
Mr. Charles W. Leng, Director, Public Museum, Staten Island,
N. Y.:—Mr. Leng’s private collection. Mr. William T. Davis,
Staten Island, N. Y.:—Mr. Davis’ private collection. Mr.
Howard Notman, Brooklyn, N. Y.:—Mr. Notman’s private
collection. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.,
through Mr. Nathan Banks:—The Leconte, Bowditch and other
collections. Mr. Charles Schaeffer, Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn,
N. Y.:—Mr. Schaeffer’s private collection. Mr. C. H. Frost,
Framingham, Mass.:—Mr. Frost’s private collection. U. S.
National Museum, through Dr. J. M. Aldrich, Dr. E. A. Chapin
and Mr. H.S. Barber:—specimens from Pierce, Schwarz, Hubbard
Green, Casey and other collections. Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, through Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr.:—the
Horn, Mason and other collections.

To all of the above institutions and private collectors, I wish
to extend my sincere thanks. I also wish to express my apprecia-
tion to those members of the staffs in the above-mentioned
institutions who have so willingly assisted me in my work.

As stated above, this paper was prepared at the American
Museum of Natural History and it is to this institution that I am
deeply grateful for the privilege of using the Entomological
Laboratory and its facilities. I cannot fully express my sincere
thanks to Dr. F. E. Lutz, Curator of Entomology, to Mr. H. F.
Schwartz and Miss Jeanette Alexander of that department, for
the kind manner in which they have assisted me, nor to Mr. A.
J. Mutchler who has followed this work and assisted me in getting
together literature and checking up references relating to the
several species. At this moment I cannot but repeat the words
of Mr. C. W. Leng in his introduction to the bibliography of his
famous Catalogue, which are as follows: “I am under heavy
obligations to Mr. Andrew J. Mutchler, of the American Museum
of Natural History, for continual assistance in preparing this
bibliography. His knowledge of the great collection of books in
that Museum is remarkable. I am glad to gratefully acknowl-
edge his help.”’ Iam also under obligation to Drs. H. T. Fernald,
C. P. Alexander and G. C. Crampton, who have read the manu-
script and offered many helpful suggestions.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

4 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

HISTORY OF THE FAMILY

Linné described in 1761 the European Metoecus paradoxus
and placed it in the genus Mordella. In later editions of his
Systema Naturae, and in the Systema Entomologiae of Fabricius
(1775) a few species of Macrosiagon (Rhipiphoridae) were also
included in the genus Mordella. Bosc first described Rhipiphorus
subdipterus in 1792. The derivation of the generic name is from
the Greek, ‘Pits a fan and dopec bearing, and the name was
suggested to him by the fan-shaped antennae of the male. In
addition to the detailed description, there are also figures that
indicate clearly the species he described. In his discussion, Bosc
states that the R. subdipterus has some characteristics in common
with A palus 2-maculatus (Meloidae) and with Necydalis humeralis
(Cerambycidae). The similarity with the latter is, as we may
understand, superficial. Bosc expresses his opinion as to the
position of Rhipiphorus, and states that it should be placed near
Mordella, with which it has many characteristics in common.
In later works of Fabricius, his Entomologia Systematica (1792)
and his Systema Eleutheratorum (1801), we find the early-
described Rhipiphorids separated from the Mordellids, and to-
gether with subdipterus, included in the genus Rhipiphorus Bosc.
Of the species listed there, we find four from North America,
namely, limbatus, dimidiatus, pectinatus and 6-maculatus.

The genus Rhipidius was described by Thunberg in 1806, while
Pelecotoma was described by Fischer von Waldheim in 1809.
In 1830, Hentz separated the genus Macrosiagon from Rhipipho-
rus, and designated R. dimidiatus as the genotype. A new genus
was added to the group when Guerin described Evaniocera in
1835. In his Catalogue, Dejean, in 1834, listed among other
Rhipiphoridae a group of insects in the genus Trigonodera, and
Castelnau, in 1840, described a new genus Pelecotoides. All the
authors mentioned treated the group as belonging to the family
Mordellidae. In 1855, Gerstacker wrote his excellent monograph
on the Rhipiphoridae and separated them from the Mordellids.
This separation was based on the following characteristics:
The Rhipiphorids are parasitic; their sexes antigenous; antennae
flabellate or pectinate, with their insertion near or above the eyes
and not below them; last segment of maxillary palpi not hatchet-

EZEKIEL ARIVNY 5

like, and pronotum without distinct lateral carina and suture.
He divided the family into four tribes representing twelve genera
as follows:

I. Ptilaphorini—(1) Trigonodera, (2) Geoscopus, (3) Pelecotoma,
(4) Clinops, (5) Ancholaemus, (6) Euctenta, (7) Ptilapho-
rus, (8) Ctenidia.

II. Rhipidiini—(9) Rhipidius.

III. Myoditini—(10) Myodites (Rhipiphorus).

IV. Rhipiphorini—(11) Metoecus, (12) Rhipiphorus (Macrosia-
gon).

The family was treated afterwards by Lacordaire in 1859, and
by other authors in connection with description of local faunas.?
New genera have since been added to the family, so that we have
today the group as represented in the Catalogus Coleopterorum,
W. Junk, Pars 54, 1913. E. Csiki, who arranged the group for
this Catalogus divided the family into three tribes as follows:

I. Pelecotomini—seventeen genera.
II. Rhipiphorini—three genera, namely, Macrosiagon, Metoecus
and Rhipiphorus.
III. Rhipidiini—seven genera.

In America, we find in the Catalogue of Insects of Pennsylvania,
by Fred. Val Melsheimer, 1806, page 56, nine species in the genus
Kipiphorus. No doubt the ‘‘K”’ is due to a typographical error
and should be replaced by R. Some of those names we find
published later in 1846 by his son, F. E. Melsheimer, but most
of them are now either synonyms or varieties of pectinatus Fabri-
cius. Thomas Say, in 1823, described the first American species
of the genus Rhipiphorus, namely, Dorthesia fasciata, and Leconte,
in 1868, described the genus Toposcopus. Other authors who
contributed to the literature of American Rhipiphoridae by
adding new species from North and Central America were Germar
(1824), Newman (1838), Guerin (1844), Gerstacker (1855), Horn
(1875 and 1892), Champion (1899), Pierce (1902-1920), and
Fall (1907). Horn, in 1875, monographed the genus Macrosiagon

?For reference to these see Rhipiphoridae, E. Csiki—Catalogus Coleopterorum—
W. Junk, Pars 54, 1913.
MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

6 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

(as Rhipiphorus), and Champion treated the species of the entire
family found in Central America; while Pierce, in addition to
taxonomic notes on the genus Rhipiphorus recorded some valuable
ecological notes and observations, and added important facts
to our knowledge of the life history of the family.

MoRPHOLOGY

To the student of comparative morphology, the Rhipiphoridae
present a very interesting study, because this group includes
ordinary Mordelloid beetles on the one hand, and highly specialized
Strepsipteroid beetles on the other. In this family, therefore,
one may find intermediate stages between the Coleoptera and
Strepsiptera.

Early taxonomists believed that some groups which are included
in the Rhipiphoridae have little relationship to each other; they
thought that the grouping of this family was based on superficial
characteristics; Sharp and Muir for instance, grouped the genus
Pelecotomoides (Trigonodera, Rhipiphoridae) in the Mordellidae.
Those authors may have been right to a certain extent, as will be
shown later, but there are certain tendencies occurring in the
entire family, that make it into a unit. In addition there existed
also a diversity of opinion as to the proper division of this family.
It is therefore the aim of the following paragraphs to discuss the
similarity and differences of the various genera from a morphologi-
cal view point, and conclude as to their possible phylogeny and
proper classification. Because of lack of material, only the
genera occurring in the United States have been studied, although
other exotic genera are mentioned to make the discussion more
complete. In the following discussion the minute details, and
minor differences of parts are omitted; only the general form and
structure of certain organs are discussed.

Antigeny.—(PIl. I, fig. 1-6 C; Pl. III, fig. 4.) In every genus
included in the Rhipiphoridae the antennae in the two sexes are
of a different form, and therefore represent the most important
secondary sexual characteristic. Nothing in addition to this is
found in the genera Pelecotoma, Trigonodera and Toposcopus. In
Macrosiagon, however, the males of some species may differ in
color from the females; and in Rhipiphorus, the males, in addition

EZEKIEL RIVNAY ; 7/

to the difference in color, have their tarsal claws more finely and
closely pectinate than those in the females. In the genus Rhipid-
tus (fig. 4) the female is without elytra and wings, and seems to be
of an entirely different form than that of the male. The Stylopid
females have lost, in addition to the wings, also the legs and other
important organs. In antigeny, therefore, Rhipidius approaches
very much the Strepsiptera.

Head Capsule.—(PI. I, fig. 1-6 A, B.) In the less specialized
genera, Pelecotoma and Trigonodera, the head is broadly round,
and the vertex is on the same level with the anterior margin of
the pronotum. In Toposcopus and Rhipidius the vertex is but
slightly elevated above the margin of the pronotum, while in
Macrosiagon and Rhipipiphorus it is much more elevated. The
relative size of the sclerites of the head differs in the genera.
In making this comparative study, one should bear in mind the
demarcations used in Comparative Morphology of insects in
general. The epicranial suture, and its arms which separates
the vertex from the frons are of great importance. This suture
is not noticeable in some species, while it is distinct in others.

Upon comparing the respective figures, one may readily see
that the frons in Pelecotoma (fig. 1 B) is much enlarged and is not
distinctly separate from the vertex, while in 7vigonodera (fig. 2 B)
and Toposcopus (fig. 3 B) it is much smaller. In some species be-
longing to the genera Macrosiagon and Rhipiphorus, the epicranial
suture is visible; when it is present in Macrosiagon, as it is in the
case of M. octomaculatum and M. sayi, it may be seen when looking
upon the head from the rear (see Pl. III, fig. 16). The arms of
the suture are along the carina; in other words, the entire frontal
surface of the head is the clypeo-frons, and in some species a small
part of it is the vertex. When present in Rhipiphorus as it is in
the case of Rh. scaber and Rh. simplex, the suture is seen on the
conical process between the antennae and its arms in front of the
tubercle. In other words, this process is the true vertex, and the
entire broad surface between the large eyes is the clypeo-frons.
In the last two mentioned genera, therefore, the anterior sclerites
of the head have enlarged very much, while the posterior sclerites,
the occiput and vertex, have become much smaller. This change
in the head capsule causes the apparent change of position of
the eyes and antennae as will be seen in the next paragraphs.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

8 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Eyes.—(PI. I, figs. 1-6 A, B.) The size and form of the eyes
varies not only in the genera, but also in the species of one genus.
One could readily point out, however, the outstanding eye charac-
teristics of the groups. While the eyes in Pelecotoma (fig. 1, A, B)
are small and widely separate, they are much larger, much closer
to each other, and more coarsely granulate in Trigonodera. The
eyes in Toposcopus are finely granulate, almost entirely divided,
and the line connecting the two divisions is obsolete of facets.
In all the three genera mentioned the eyes are emarginate to some
degree. In the genera Macrosiagon and Rhipiphorus (figs. 5 and
6, A, B) the eyes are very finely granulate, regularly oval, not
emarginate, situated on the sides of the head, and leaving a wide
clypeo-frons. Upon comparison, one may readily see that the
eyes of Macrosiagon are proportionately much smaller than the
eyes of Rhipiphorus. The male of Rhipidius (Pl. I, fig. 4 A, B)
has the eyes larger, subcontiguous, with the facets large and
distinct. In the supposedly female Rhipidius (Pl. III, fig. 4 A)
the eyes are very small, situated on the side of the head, the facets
few and distinct, as is the case in the eyes of the male Strepsiptera
which are berry-like.

Antennae.—(Pl. I, fig. 1-6 C.) As a rule the antennae are
eleven-segmented, but in some cases the last segment is obsolete.
In the males of Pelecotoma and Trigonodera the antennae are
pectinate. The segments are elongate, and the short rami,
therefore, are widely separated from each other. The female
antennae are much like those of the male, except that the pro-
cesses of the segments are much shorter than those of the male
antennae. The first segment in this type of antenna is much
thicker and larger than the rest, while the second is the smallest.
The number of the processes varies in the species, some having
eight while others seven or six, that is, in addition to the first
and second; some other segments are without any processes.
In Toposcopus, the male antennae are of an entirely different type.
The first segment is the largest, and the second smallest; but the
third segment is also large and bears a process at its proximal
end, while the remaining eight segments are very closely compact
and their rami are very long and close together (see fig. 3 C).
The female antennae of Toposcopus are like those of Trigonodera,

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 9

except that the third segment indicates traces of a process. The
same type of antenna is found in Evaniocera, and as far as I could
make out from the drawing, also in Ancholaemus. In the male
of Rhipidius the antennae are of the same type as in Lvaniocera,
except that the rami are broader, lamellate-like, and the third
segment is smaller and without a process. In the supposedly
female Rhipidius, the antennae are filiform. In the males of the
genera Macrosiagon and Rhipiphorus we find the third type of
antenna, namely those of the male are biflabellate, every segment
bearing two rami, and pectinate in the female. In the male of
Macrosiagon the first segment is large and the second is distinct,
while in Rhipiphorus the first segment is broad and short, and the
second is very short and sometimes quite indistinct. The length
of the rami varies in the species of one genus, but as a rule they
are longer in Rhipiphorus than in Macrosiagon. In both genera,
they are straight or curled. The female antennae in both genera
vary from deeply serrate to pectinate. In some cases the processes
are equal while in others they increase in length toward the apex
or toward the base. In the female Rhipiphorus the last segments
show a tendency to fuse, and in most cases the eleventh segment
has disappeared. .

Pronotum.—(PI. I, fig. 1-6 A). In the genus Pelecotoma (fig.
1 A) the prothorax has a distinct suture separating the pronotum
and pseudopleuron; this suture is present also in other members
of this family, but is obsolete in all other genera represented in
the United States. In Trigonodera and in Toposcopus the
pronotum shows a distinct lateral carina near the base only, but
the sides are more or less rounded at the anterior part of the
pronotum. In the genus Rhipidius the pronotum has become
much smaller in comparison with the head, and has a distinct
lateral carina; in the two other genera, Macrosiagon and Rhipi-
phorus, the pronotum is very broad while the pseudopleuron is
quite small, and is represented only by a narrow projection. In
the last two named genera, the mesoscutellum is usually under
the posterior lobe of the pronotum.

Metanotum.—Because of the enlarged wing muscles, the meta-
thorax is enlarged in most Coleoptera, but is developed more than
the average in the genera Macrosiagon and Rhipiphorus, and

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

IO NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

exceedingly so in the genus Rhipidius. The metanotum, being
uncovered, is much more chitinized than is the case in other
genera where the elytra cover the entire body. The median
groove on the metascutum is obsolete in these genera, since the
elytra are short or dehiscent. In the male Rhipidius (Pl. III,
fig. 4 V) the metathorax is very large, while the prothorax (fig. 4 A)
is very small; this is noteworthy, because in the Strepsiptera the
prothorax is very narrow, collar-like, and the metanotum forms
the greater part of the body.

Elytra.—The elytra in the genera Pelecotoma, Trigonodera and
Toposcopus are of ordinary form, as in other Coleoptera. In
the genus Macrosiagon the elytra are little reduced, but are
dehiscent and attenuated posteriorly, while in Rhipiphorus they
are much more reduced, becoming convex, scale-like appendages.
The elytra of Rhipidius are narrower, more hairy, and of softer
texture than those of the other two genera mentioned, seeming
to approach the form of the club-shaped elytra of the Strepsiptera.

Wing Venation.—(PI. III, fig. 2-7 W.) As in all other Coleop-
tera the costa, subcosta, radius and their branches, are crowded
together and occupy a small area along the anterior margin of
the wing. The median, cubitus and the anal veins occupy the
greater part of the wing surface. In the genus Trigonodera (fig.
2 W) the wing venation is like other Mordelloid beetles. The
vein CuM, is quite distinct, with the recurrent vein M present.
Also some radial branches are present and the anal branches are
evident. In the genus Evanzocera (fig. 7 W), which is closely allied
to Toposcopus, the cubitus is a little curved before it unites with
the median (M), but both are distinct, while the anal veins are
reduced in number. In Rhipidius all the veins have disappeared
except at the base and the cubitus (Cu) is the only distinct one.
In the two genera, Macrosiagon and Rhipiphorus, a reduction
of the number of veins is also noticeable; but they are replaced
by secondary thickenings of the wings through depositions of
chitin as is shown in figures 5 and 6 W.

Abdomen.—(PI1. III, figs. 4,5 and6V.) Asin other Coleoptera,
modifications in the structure of the first abdominal segments —
have taken place. The first segment is membraneous, and is
visible only when the abdomen is detached from the metathorax.

EZEKIEL RIVNAY II

In the females of Macrosiagon and Rhipiphorus the eighth segment
is in the form of a tube which surrounds and protects the ovipositor
(Pl. II, 5 F, and 6 F). The seventh tergites in Macrosiagon is
considerably enlarged, shield-like, and is termed the pygidium.
In the male of this genus the eighth tergites is the pygidium.
In both genera the sternites are quite large and cover the pleurites
at their margin. The abdominal segments in Macrosiagon are
arranged telescope-like and are compressed, while they are de-
pressed in Rhipiphorus. The male abdomen in Rhipidius (fig.
4 V) is very small, as is the case in many Strepsiptera, and that
of the supposed female has eight distinct segments. .

Male Genitalia.—(Pl. II, figs. 1-6 M.) In the male genitalia
of Coleoptera we distinguish the tegmen, composed of a basal
piece and two lateral lobes which, as a rule, are variably modified.
The median lobe, according to Sharp and Muir, is the central
portion of the aedeagus in which the median orifice is situated.
In the family Rhipiphoridae we find two types of structure in the
genitalia. The one is the type which we find in the genera Pele-
cotoma, Trigonodera, and with slight modifications in Macro-
stagon and Rhipiphorus. In general the median lobe is long,
curved, and the tegmen consists of a large basal sclerite on the
dorsal aspect of the median lobe and with a pair of highly modified
lateral lobes. The lateral lobes are richly chitinized; they are
elongate and slightly curved in Pelecotoma (fig. 1 M) and crescent-
shaped in Trigonodera (fig. 2 M). In Macrosiagon (fig. 5 M) the
left lobe is as a rule modified into a hook-like projection, while in
Rhipiphorus they are flat and of the shape presented in fig. 6 M.
The common feature in the genitalia of these genera is that the
median lobe is quite differentiated from the tegmen, which en-
velops it.

The other type of genitalia is the one which we find in the genus
Evaniocera and Toposcopus. This type, according to Sharp and
Muir, is characteristic also of the genus Anaspis. In this latter,
quoting Sharp and Muir, ‘‘The median lobe is slender, tubular
and semi-chitinous, and with median orifice at tip. Tegmen
consisting of pair of pointed lateral lobes consolidated at their
base, and a narrow, long basal piece.’”’ From figure 3 M and 7 M
we can see that the male genitalia of Evaniocera and Toposcopus are

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

12 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

of this type and therefore quite different from the genitalia in
the other genera. In Evaniocera the tegmen is broader, the
median lobe points ventrally with the median orifice at its dorsal
side; in Toposcopus as the figures show, the tegmen, median lobe
and lateral lobe are very slender and semi-chitinized.

Female Genitalia. —(PIl. II, figs. 2, 5, 6 and 7 F.) The female
genitalia of Trigonodera and Evaniocera do not differ very much
from each other as do the male genitalia in these genera. In both,
the style, coxites, etc. are distinct. In the genera Macrosiagon —
and Rhipiphorus the genitalia have become much more chitinized
_and the delicate styli have disappeared. This may be explained
by the fact that the females oviposit in the ground, and need,
therefore, smoother and harder ovipositors. That difference in
structure of the ovipositors suggests also that in the genera Trigo-
nodera and Evaniocera, the females do not oviposit in the ground.

CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE FAMILY

The family Rhipiphoridae according to the classification of
Leconte and Horn belongs to the series Heteromera, which is
differentiated from other Coleoptera by the fact that the hind
tarsi have only four segments. In this series, it belongs to the
group of families which are known to have the front coxal cavity
open behind. Of these the families Melandryidae, Pythidae and
Oedemeridae, have the head not strongly constricted behind the
eyes, while the Mordellidae, Anthicidae, Pyrochroidae, Meloidae,
and Rhipiphoridae, have it strongly constricted behind the eyes.
The Mordellidae and Rhipiphoridae have the pronotum as wide
at base as the elytra, while the remaining three families have the
base of the pronotum narrower than the elytra. To differentiate
them from the Mordellidae, the Rhipiphoridae have the sides of
thorax rounded, at least at the anterior part, the antennae flabel-
late, pectinate, or deeply serrate (with exception of the females
of Rhipidius), and the last segment of maxillary palpi not hatchet-
like. The Rhipiphoridae seem to be more closely related to
the Meloidae than to the Mordellidae, since they both are hyper-
metamorphic in their development, and members of both groups
are parasitic in their immature stages upon other insects.

Adding a few features to the above we may summarize the char-

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 13

acteristics of the Rhipiphoridae as follows: Head as a rule vertical,
constricted at base, neck inserted in prothorax; antennae, with
some exceptions, inserted between the eyes or above them, and
usually flabellate, pectinate or deeply serrate. Pronotum at base
as wide as elytra, and without a sharp lateral carina; no distinct
suture, with some exceptions, separating the pronotum from the
pseudo-pleuron; anterior coxa prominent and conical, coxal
cavities open behind. Elytra in some cases cover the entire
abdomen, while in the more specialized forms they are reduced.
Claws pectinate or bifid, seldom simple. Development hyper-
metamorphic.

From all the facts concerning the general morphology of the
various genera of this family, we may divide it as follows:

PELECOTOMINAE

Vertex not elevated above anterior margin of pronotum. Male
antennae pectinate, rami separate from each other and shorter
than head, at least first three segments without any process.
Median lobe quite elongate, lateral lobe modified. This sub-
family will include Pelecotoma, Trigonodera, and others with such
characteristics.

EVANIOCERINAE

Vertex little elevated above anterior margin of pronotum.
Male antennae monoflabellate, rami longer than head, compact,
third segment with a process, which may be reduced. Female
antennae deeply serrate, third segment with reduced process.
Male genitalia of slender form, in which the median lobe is closely
surrounded by tegmen and lateral lobes reduced to small pointed
projections. This subfamily includes Toposcopus, Evaniocera,
and probably also Clinops, Ancholaemus and other genera with
the same characters.

RHIPIPHORINAE

Vertex distinctly elevated above anterior margin of pronotum.
Male antennae bi-flabellate; female antennae monopectinate.
Elytra reduced insize. Median lobeelongate. Ovipositor heavily
chitinized, pointed and smooth. This subfamily includes Rhzpi-
phorus, Metoecus and Macrosiagon.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

14 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

RHIPIDIINAE
Male antennae monoflabellate, rami long and close together.
Female wingless. This subfamily would include Rhipzdius,
Rhysostylops and other genera which have the same character-
istics.

Key to the Genera of Rhipiphoridae of North and Central America

1. Elytra long, covering the entire abdomen and the folded wings. Antennae

insertedubelowsmiddlesofseyesneareeeeen emer oo cele eon 2
Elytra short, dehiscent; wings partly or entirely exposed. Antennae inserted
near, smiddle} of eyes) on above) thembnee eae eee eee eee 4

2. Eyes divided, the two divisions of each eye connected by a strip of non-
faceteducorneoussmembranesrereeen eer aeaee err Toposcopus
Eyes entire Om emarginate sneer beer ree ee eoce ccc eerie 3

3. Small insects, not over 6 mm.; eyes small; claws not pectinate but provided
WAN TNO woavaONRES CMACG ES. ooo occacaocgvcnvsdansuccaesonNe Pelecotoma
Large insects, over 6 mm.; eyes large; claws pectinate.......... Trigonodera

4. Elytra reduced to scale-like convex plates, not extending beyond second
abdominal segment; claws pectinate...............+-++-5-+ Rhipiphorus
Elytra longer, dehiscent; posterior lobe of pronotum covering scutellum;
tarsaliclawsibifids cacti J. sictarbancuenncth henreetneear enor aramsey eae eneeale Macrosiagon

PELECOTOMA Fischer von Waldheim
1809. Pelecotoma Fischer von Waldheim, Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc., p. 293.
1823. Pelecotoma Fischer von Waldheim, Entomogr. Russ., II p. 170.
1855. Pelecotoma Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 8.
1859. Pelecotoma Lacordaire, Hist. Ins. Col., v p. 619 and 622.

Small insects, not over 5.5 mm. Elongate and subparallel,
punctured and covered with silky hair. Head bent down, vertex
broadly rounded, not elevated above anterior margin of pronotum.
Eyes comparatively small, emarginate; antennae I1I-segmented,
situated below eyes, pectinate in the male, deeply serrate in the
female. First three segments in both sexes without any processes.
Pronotum strongly tapering toward the front, slightly emarginate
on both sides to produce a rounded broad lobe, but short and not
sufficient to cover scutellum. Hind angles not very prominent,
lateral carina distinct at base, lateral suture present, separating
the pseudopleuron from disc. Elytra long and narrow, and cover
entire abdomen. Abdomen depressed, legs short, claws very
small, not pectinate, but armed with two minute denticles.

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 15

GENOTYPE: Pelecotoma fennica (Paykull). Paykull described
fennica as Rhipiphorus in 1799. In 1809 Fischer von Waldheim
described the genus Pelecotoma with the species mosquensis belong-
ing to it, but the latter has been placed in the synonymy of fennica.

Two species have been recorded belonging to this genus, P.
fennica (Paykull) in Europe, and P. flavipes Melsheimer in North
America.

Pelecotoma flavipes Melsheimer

1846. Pelecotoma flavipes Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, p. 318.
1855. Pelecotoma flavipes Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 9.

This species may be distinguished from Pelectoma fennica as
follows: The legs of P. fennica are of the same color as the elytra,
and the pronotum is of a darker shade while the legs of P. flavipes,
as mentioned, are yellow and the pronotum is of the same shade
as the elytra. The specimen of fennica in Mr. Leng’s collection is
larger than any of the flavipes examined.

Black or brown, mouthparts and legs yellowish; elongate, sides subparallel.
Head broadly rounded, sparsely punctate and pubescent. Eyes emarginate near
middle, frons broad, clypeus truncate. Antennae II-segmented, the first three
segments without process and pale, the others bear processes and are fuscuous,
fourth segment bears a process usually shorter than the following; processes of
female antennae short, compact and acute at tip, those of male long and rounded.

Pronotum strongly tapering toward front, conical, pubescent, base indented on
each side to produce a broad posterior lobe. Elytra long, narrow, covered with
silky pubescence, abdomen depressed.

Length, 4 to 5 mm.

Distribution.—Melsheimer described the species from specimens
taken in Carolina; the specimens examined seem to be distributed
along the Atlantic Coast and more in the northern states than in
the southern.

Maine: Monmouth, July, [Frost Collection].

New HampsuirE: Contoocook, July, [Schaeffer Collection; (E. and G. Wheller),
Frost Collection].

MAssacHUSETTS: Tyngsboro, (Blanchard), [M. C. Z.; Schaeffer Collection].
Petersham, July, [Frost Collection]. ‘‘Mass.”’, [Leng Collection; A. M. N. H.].

New York: [Casey Collection; U. S. N. M.].

New Jersey: [Schaeffer Collection].

NortH Caro.ina: Black Mountains [Leng Collection; A. M. N. H.].

Outro: Cincinnati, (H. Soltau), [U. S. N. M.].

Micuican: Marquette, [Hubbard and Schwartz Collection].

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

16 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Biology—We know nothing of the biology of P. flavipes. As
for the ecological surroundings, we know that it is taken by
sweeping in July. Since it is so similar to the European fenmnica,
which is also taken in July and is also found under similar climatic
conditions, we may infer that it’s life history and biology may also
be similar to fennica.

In regard to the biology of the latter, Schuman (1899) records
that he collected the P. fennica during the end of June and the
beginning of July in holes of Ptilinus pectenicornis L. and of
Trypoxylon clavicornus Lep., and it is probably parasitic on the
latter. The genus Trypoxylon is found in America, and probably
our species may be parasitic on the same.

TRIGONODERA Dejean
1834. Trigonodera Dejean, Cat. Col., Ed. 1833, p. 217.
1840. Pelecotoides Castelnau, Hist. Nat. Ins., Col., 1, p. 263.
1855. Trigonodera Gerstacker, Rhipiph, Col. Fam., p. 2.
1859. Tvrigonodera Lacordaire, Hist. Ins. Col., v, p. 619.
1891. Pelecotomoides Champion, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 350.
1901. Caspyria Fairmaire, Rev. Ent., p. 194 and 248.
1904. Pelecotomoides Schaeffer, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Xu, p. 231.

Larger species; elongate; head comparatively small, vertex not
elevated above anterior margin of pronotum. Eyes large and in
some species subcontiguous; antennae with eleven segments,
usually situated below middle of eyes, pectinate in the male,
and deeply serrate in the female. Mandibles are not large, lacinia
of maxillae broad and short. Pronotum very broad at base, and
strongly tapering anteriorly, lateral margins curved, lateral
carina distinct at base only, lateral suture obsolete; hind angles
acute but not prominent. Elytra elongate, covering the entire
abdomen. Tarsal claws serrate.

GENOTYPE: Trigonodera leachii (Latreille).

A diversity of opinion has existed as to the proper generic name
of this group of insects. In 1833-1834, Dejean published the
catalogue of his insect collection, in which he placed Pelecotoma
leachui Latreille, together with a group of undescribed species from
Brazil, in the genus Trigonodera. Castelnau in 1840 described
the same genus as Pelecotoides with the species maculata, gigantea,
strigata, etc. Gerstacker, however, used the generic name Trigo-

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 17

nodera and was followed by Lacordaire, while Gemminger and
Harold replaced it by Pelecotomoides the amended name of Castel-
nau. This name has been somewhat generally used by later
authors but Leng changed it to the original spelling. Because of
its priority, and because of the validity of one of the species
included in the genus 7rigonodera Dejean, that name should
stand, and is therefore used in this paper.

Csiki lists about forty species, most of them taken South of the
Equator, both in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres; a few
species have been taken in Central America but only one north of
Mexico. The following is a key to the species of North and
Central America.’

Key to the North and Central American Species of Trigonodera

1. Eyes very large, coarsely granulated, subcontiguous, antennae with four
basal joints simple......... EE PaCS ee ices b> aig? Sharh wacdialepevele 2

Eyes smaller, more finely granulate, and distant from each other in front. . .3

2. Frons with a glabrous area between base of antennae; rami in the male shorter
than the first four segments; in the female shorter than the third and
founthesegments taken! togethers: 5. ..05-.-26+-++0++- seo beens schaefferi
Frons thickly pubescent, rami of male antennae as long, or longer. than the
first four segments taken together; in the female as long or longer than

the third and fourth segment taken together.................... nubila

3. Antennae with the three basal joints simple..................... , lineata
Antennae with the five basal joints simple...................... bivittata
Antennae with the four basal joints simple, the fifth acutely produced within
nebulosa

Trigonodera nubila Gerstacker

1855. Trigonodera nubila Gerstacker, Rhip. Col. Fam., p. 4.
1891. Pelecotomoides nubilus Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 35I-

Elongate, brown covered with silky pubescence varying from golden-yellow to
brown, sometimes variegated.

Head inserted in thorax to the eyes, vertex round, finely punctate and pubescent.
Eyes coarsely granulated, very large, subcontiguous, especially in the males, being
separated by a very narrow strip of chitin. Frons punctate and pubescent.
Clypeus and labrum quadrangular, their anterior margins sometimes yellow and
smooth. Mandibles curved, black and smooth at tip, pubescent on the sides near
base. Antennae pectinate with the first four segments simple; the first segment
longest and thickest, third segment longer than the second or fourth, which are
subequal. In the male the processes are broad at tip and longer than the first

3 This is slightly modified from Champion’s key.
MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

18 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

four segments taken together; in the females the processes are acute and slightly
longer than the third and fourth segment taken together.

Pronotum at base wide, lateral sides curved, anterior margin very narrow.
Posterior lobe broad truncate, and two slight depressions on each side at base.
Hind angles slightly produced. Elytra long and narrowly rounded at tip.

Length, 6.5 to 12 mm.

Distribution.—Gerstacker described the species from Peru, and
Champion records it from Mexico, Nicaragua and Panama.
The specimens studied were the following:

Mexico: Venodio Sin, (Kuche). [U. S. N. M., 12 oJ, Jicaltepec, Vera Cruz,
March, [F. C. Bowditch Collection, 2 @].

Trigonodera schaefferi new name
1904. Pelecotomoides nubilus Schaeffer, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Xu, p. 231. (non

Gerstacker 1855).

Mr. Schaeffer did not compare his specimens with the true 7.
nubila Gerstacker. Upon comparison with some males supposedly
of the latter in the National Museum and two females in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, I find this species to be quite
different. The two may be separated by the following: T7.
schaefferi has a smooth glabrous area in front between the antennae
while 7. nubila Gerstacker has the entire clypeo-frons thickly
pubescent. In the male of 7. schaefferi the ramus of the fifth
segment is shorter than the first four segments combined, while
the T. nubila has it equal or longer than the four segments. In
the female of 7. schaeffert the process of the fifth segment is
shorter than the third and fourth segments combined, while
T. nubila has it equal or longer. In one female the eyes are not
so close to each other as with other females. This characteristic
varies apparently in the individuals. T. schaefferi is the only
species of this genus in the United States, since no other speci-
mens of 7. nubila were found north of Mexico.

Elongate, subparallel, brown, covered with golden yellowish pubescence. Head,
small, eyes very large, subcontiguous, occupying entire head, leaving a smald
rounded vertex and a very small front. Clypeus truncate at apex, punctured
and hairy, with a small, elongate, smooth area between the antennal sockets;
labrum truncate and hairy; mandibles very curved. First four segments of anten-
nae without process, first and third segments longer than second and fourth.
Male antennae pectinate, first ramus shorter than the first four segments taken

together, also shorter than other rami; female antennae deeply serrate, first process
shorter than third and fourth segments taken together. Pronotum conical,

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 19

broad at base as long, sides much curved, and anterior margin narrow, posterior
lobe broadly rounded, and very slightly truncate. Scutellum longer than broad,
quadrangular. Elytra long, slightly tapering toward apex, rounded at tip. Second
segment of hind tarsus slightly longer than third.

Length, 5.5 to 9.5 mm.

Holotype-—Male; Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, Texas, (C.
Schaeffer). [Schaeffer Collection.]

Allotype—Female; Same data as holotype, [Schaeffer Collec-
tion].

Distribution.—This species has been collected in Esperanza
Ranch, Brownsville, Texas, June-July by Mr. Charles Schaeffer
and May—June by Mr. H. S. Barber. Paratypes with the same
locality label are also in the U. S. National Museum (No. 41864),
Leng, and Frost Collections. Mr. Schaeffer, (1904), taking it as
nubilus, writes the following:

““A small number of this interesting Rhipiphorid were beaten
from different trees at Esperanza Ranch, most of them in July.
Specimens are recorded from Panama as _ having ill-defined
transverse or oblong patches of a fuscous color but all my speci-
mens belong to the unicolorous form. This insect is of a grayish
fuscous color, eyes large, divided in front by a very narrow line,
antennae with the first four joints simple, the remaining flabellate
in the male, strongly serrate in the female. My specimens are
from 5.5 to 9.5 mm.”

Trigonodera nebulosa (Champion)

1891. Pelecotomoides nebulosa Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2, pp.
351, 352-

“Length, 7% to 11 mm.”

Type.—Champion records the species from Taboga, Panama,
and Columbia. [British Museum. ]

Trigonodera lineata (Champion)
1891. Pelecotomoides lineata Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col. Iv, pt. 2, p. 351.
According to Champion, P. lineata differs from all other species
described by Gerstacker in having the three basal joints only,
simple.
“Length, 734 to 10 mm.”’
Type.—Jalapa, Mexico. [British Museum. ]
MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

20 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Trigonodera bivittata (Champion)
1891. Pelecotomoides bivittata Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 351,

352; (Chevr. in litt.).

Champion comparing this species with 7. lineata, makes the
following comment:

“Closely resembling the same sex of P. lineata, but differing from it by the
small non-serrate fourth and fifth joints of the antennae. This specimen has the
seventh antennal joint on one side abnormally formed, it being diserrate. Length,
814 mm.”

Type.—Cordova, Mexico. [British Museum.]

TOPOSCOPUS Leconte
1868. Toposcopus Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., ll, p. 54.

Head round, sparsely pubescent, vertex rounded, very little
elevated above anterior margin of pronotum. Eyes completely
divided, the two divisions connected by corneous membrane
destitute of facets. Antennae eleven-segmented, inserted near
side of lower division of eye. Third segment about half the
length of first, bearing a process shorter than those of the following
segments; those of the male flabellate, with long rami of female
pectinate with process rounded at tip. Pronotum strongly
tapering anteriorly so that its anterior width is about one-third
the posterior. Hind angles acute and prolonged, lateral carina
prominent near hind angles only. Posterior lobe ' truncate,
scutellum exposed, rectangular. Elytra slightly tapering post-
eriorly. Claws bifid at tip and with three additional small denticles
along the edge, basally.

GENOTYFE: Toposcopus wrightit Leconte.

Leconte has pointed out both the differences and similarities
between this genus and Evaniocera. We need no better comments
than his, and it will be best to quote them: ‘ the eyes
are divided into two portions connected by a slender line of smooth
corneous material, which is destitute of lenses, while in Hvaniocera
they are only deeply emarginate. The third joint of the antennae
of the male is longer, with a basal process about four-fifths as long
as the processes of the following joints, while in Evaniocera the
third joint is short, prolonged externally into a process one-
fifth as long as those of the following joints. The side margin

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 2a

of the prothorax is more developed, extending from the hind
angles nearly to the apex. The claws are not finely pectinate
as in Evaniocera but bifid at the tip, and armed with three slight
teeth, somewhat as in Ancholaemus Gerst

The genus Evaniocera is widely distributed in te Eastern
Hemisphere, and its representatives have been taken in Europe
and Northern Africa as well as in Siberia and Australia, while
the one species of Toposcopus has been found so far only in the
Southern part of the United States.

Toposcopus wrighti Leconte
1868. Toposcopus wrightt Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., J, p. 54.
1904. Toposcopus wrighti Schaeffer, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xi, p. 232.

Elongate, brownish-black and black; elytra ferrugineous or brown, covered with
grey-golden pubescence. Head opaque, frons with slight impression near antennae,
clypeus closely punctured, broadly truncate; mandibles much curved. Antennae
of male flabellate, first segment large, black with tips red, second segment small,
third larger, subcylindrical bearing the process at its proximal end, four-fifths the
length of the following rami, other segments compact with rami close together.
Female antennae pectinate and processes round at tip. Pronotum punctured and
pubescent in the male, sparsely so in the female. Scutellum quadrangular, of
the same color as pronotum, elytra long, punctured, covering entire abdomen;
thorax beneath densely pubescent, claws bifid with three denticles.

Length, 6 to Io mm.

Type.—Male; Tecalote Creek, south of Las Vegas, New Mexico.
[Leconte Collection.]

Alloplesiotype —Female; Texas. [Leconte Collection.]

Distribution.—Leconte described this species from 10 males
collected during the survey under General W. W. Wright in New
Mexico. Four of the ten males are in the Leconte collection;
other males bearing the label “‘N. M.”’ are in the following col-
lections: Schaeffer, Horn, Hubbard and Schwarz (L. C. V. Riley)
and Casey.

In addition to these I examined one male from Arizona in the
Palm Collection, one male from Texas in the Casey Collection,
and one female from Texas in the Leconte Collection. The
female of this species was not known to Leconte at the time he

4 Mr. Schaeffer informs me that the specimen in his collection was given to him by

Henshaw, and is no doubt one of the 10 mentioned by Leconte. Probably the other
specimens bearing the same label in other collections are of the same origin.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

22 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

described it. The one female was added to his collection later
on, and is now with the type. This is the only female I have
seen of this species, and agrees with the type in all respects
except that the thorax is less punctured and pubescent and
elytra are darker in color. This female, which was collected in
Texas, should be considered as the allotype.

Variation.—The type specimen and some other males have the
posterior part of the prothorax beneath, red, while others have
it dark. One male in the Casey Collection is of darker shade and
considerably larger than the others.

RHIPIDIUS Thunberg
1806. Rhipidius Thunberg, Vet. A K. Nya Hand, xxvil, p. 5.
1831. Symbius Sundevall, Isis, p. 1230.
1855. Rhipidius Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 14.
1859. Rhipidius Lacordaire, Hist. Ins. Col., v, p. 619.

As far as the writer knows, no species of Rhipidius have been
found on the continent of North America. In the collection of
the U. S. National Museum there is one female collected on a
steamer in the Panama Canal. This female was identified by
Dr. Schwarz as a Rhipidius, and on the basis of this record Leng
listed it in his catalogue among the Coleoptera of North America.
The writer has not made a study of this genus because of lack
of material, and does not wish to state with certainty what species
this is. However, a short description of this female and some
drawings made from it will be of great value in this place, since
it is the only record of this genus in this part of the world, regard-
less of the fact that it may have been brought by its host, perhaps
a roach, from another locality. The general characteristics of a
male Rhipidius are as follows:

“Labial palpi two-segmented, first very small, second large
oblong-oval; head globose, flat on vertex, front lineate. Eyes
granulate, occupy the entire anterior part of head, narrowly
separated on front. Antennae inserted between them. Eleven
segments, first cuniform, two to three short, others lamella very
long and slender. Prothorax very transverse, or longer than wide,
attenuate, slightly biseminated at base, no suture. Scutellum
large, transverse. Elytradehiscent. Legs simple. Claws simple,
abdomen oblong, obtuse at end.”’

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 23

The female just mentioned is a small creature about 3 mm. long,
brownish-black, and opaque. Head short and broad, frons con-
cave with distinct elevations near the insertion of antennae.
Eyes small, granulate, facets distinct, four facets more out-
standing than the others. Antennae filiform, 1I1-segmented.
Thoracic segments distinct and subequal, the third one being a little
smaller; every one bears a pair of legs not very strong. Elytra
and wings obsolete, abdomen 8-segmented with an ovipositor.
eBle tits 45/4 A’ and 4B’).

MACROSIAGON Hentz

1792. Rhiptphorus Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 0, p. 109.

1830. Macrosiagon Hentz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Sec. 2, 111, p. 462.
1840. Emenadia Castelnau, Hist. Nat. Ins., Col., 11, p. 261.

1855. Rhipiphorus Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 19.

1859. Emenadia Lacordaire, Hist. Ins. Col., v, p. 627.

1875. Rhipiphorus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., v, p. 121.

1891. Emenadia Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 353.

Form slightly compressed, broadest across metathorax. Vertex
much elevated above anterior margin of pronotum; clypeus
usually more sculptured than vertex. Eyes small, oval, promi-
nent. Antennae, which are situated near the middle of the inner
margin of eyes, pectinate or deeply serrate in the females, and bi-
flabellate in the males, every segment bearing two rami. In
both sexes the first and second segment without any process.
Mandibles curved, acute, glabrous, base sometimes pubescent.
Maxillae with lacinia filiform and hairy; labrum elongate, round
at tip. Pronotum tapering toward front, longer than, or as long
as wide at base; base with distinct lobe, which covers the scutellum.
No distinct suture or lateral carina between disc and pseudo-
pleuron; the latter narrow and small. Coxae separated in some
species by a prosternal spine; in other species this spine is small
so that the coxae are contiguous. Elytra dehiscent, tapering
toward apex, as long as abdomen or longer. Tip of wings un-
covered. Abdomen compressed, sternites much larger than the
hard tergites, and curved so that their upper margin extends over
pleurites. Front femora indented at apex; hind femora very
much compressed, with inner surface glabrous and smooth.

Claws bifid.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

24 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

GENOTYPE: Macrosiagon dimidiatum (Fabricius).

Until 1830 the species of this genus were included in Rhipiphorus.
Hentz separated them on the basis of the lacinia of maxilla which
is elongate, their short abdomen, and habits. He designated M.
dimidiatum as the genotype.

The length of the last tarsal segment varies with the species and
serves as a specific characteristic. Some species have a distinct
process on pronotum, others have excavations on the disc while
others are smooth. The sexes are easily separated by the structure
of the antennae. Some species have other distinct secondary
sexual characteristics such as colors and markings. The genus
may be separated into two groups, the group of dimidiatum, with
sides of thorax strongly convex and bulging beyond sides of
pronotum, and with front coxa contiguous, and the group of
limbatum with sides of thorax flat and not bulging beyond lateral
sides of pronotum, and prosternal spine separating front coxae.
In the latter group, the species are usually more shining and
less sculptured and the elytra are less dehiscent.

This genus is widely distributed. Species of Macrosiagon are
found almost in every continent, but as a rule are limited to
warm or temperate zones. Of the one hundred and twelve species
listed by F. A. Schilder, sixty are from America. In other words,
more than half of all the species recorded in this genus are Ameri-
can.

Key to the Species of Macrosiagon of North and Central America

1. Mesepisternum convex, bulging beyond lateral margin of pronotum, anterior

COG) COMUEMOUS (Cin Come CASES OM? AE WID)oococccaonvcosvoundonunce 2
Mesepisternum more or less flat, not bulging beyond lateral margin of pro-
notum; anterior coxae separated by a prosternal spine................ Il

2. Posterior lobe of pronotum with distinct process, vertex much elevated,
with its front surface concave; second segment of hind tarsus not flat above
and) subéqualsto. third). p00 un secs see Mi cars eta eee nen eee ee @

Posterior lobe of pronotum little convex, or with small cup-like concavity
at tip, but never with distinct process; vertex without distinct concavity. .4

3. Head and thorax brown, tibial spines truncate; wings yellowish-hyaline;

antennal processes of female bifurcate (Pl. III, fig. 14)......... fernaldum
Head and thorax black, tibial spines acute, wings brown; antennal processes
ofsfemalefacuite tor tuum cate mn (oles ll lenticon t=) ee flavipenne

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 25

4. Pronotum with distinct excavations on the disc on both sides.......... 5
Pronotum may be slightly depressed near base, but without distinct excava-
Lion Sron; UN exdiscears Ane tyactwsiek mice niso as awed als Neloe tds alam @uielowbes 7

5. Excavations on sides of pronotum very deep, abrupt and triangular.
bifoveatum

Excavations on sides of pronotum longitudinal, less abrupt and shallow. .6

6. Species somewhat robust, elytra shorter, sparsely punctured, strongly

EMIS CET tee pa aerea Neat er eine Hain arn eit oy cual a wPaNS is Parolansi cbantaises carinipennis
Delicate species, elytra long, moderately dehiscent and sharply pointed.

excavata

Second segment of hind tarsus longer than third.............. cruentum

Second segment of hind tarsus equal to or shorter than third.......... 8

8. Second segment of hind tarsus subequal to third, slightly thicker, and flat

above; vertex much elevated; front surface convex, body entirely black,

bj

elytra yellow with tips black or brown.................... dimidiatum
Second segment of hind tarsus shorter and thicker than third.......... 9

g. Vertex rounded, front surface convex, occiput without distinct suture (PI.
JOT, 1ke5. 1097) orca to 01e & bie Efaro 5 ole a GCC CIOS ORR OIE eaten Neem ste pectinatum
Vertex truncate, front surface flat or slightly concave, occiput with distinct
SUCUL OMEN tre IETS eee NEI ei necec a earns celts cc ba A's elaldeulale Siasane shes 10

to. Distal end of first and second segments of hind tarsus produced (PI. III, fig.
1S) FpLOnoOtumenredsselytranyellowsneisctin. - eee ess ds acs cena dee oe sayi

Distal end of segments of hind tarsus not produced, pronotum and elytra

of the same color (PI. III, fig. 16).................... octomaculatum

11. Elytra short, not extending beyond end of abdomen............ discicollis
Elytra long; extending much beyond end of abdomen................ 12

12. Second segment of hind tarsus longer than half the length of the third, not
flat above; male antennae longer than the pronotum.......... lineare
Second segment of hind tarsus about half the length of the third, flat and
shining above; male antennae shorter than the pronotum..... limbatum

Macrosiagon flavipenne (Leconte)

1866. Rhipiphorus flavipennis Leconte, New Sp. North Am. Col., Smiths. Misc.
Col., 6, p. 153.

1866. Rhipiphorus abdominale Leconte, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 6, p. 154.

1875. Rhipiphorus flavipennis Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., v, p. 121.

1891. Emenadia flavipenne Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am. Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 354.

1907. Emenadia flavipenne Cockerell, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXXI, p. 211.

1915. Macrosiagon flavipenne Barber, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XVII, p. 187.
Robust species, opaque black. Antennae yellowish brown in male, brown in

female; the first two segments pale. Abdomen black in male, red in female with

the last abdominal segments and posterior margin of the other tergites black or

brown. Elytra entirely yellow in the male; yellow in the female, with a narrow

strip at base and apical half black; the line of demarcation between the yellow and

black surfaces usually semicircular. Wings yellowish brown.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

26 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Head elongate, vertex much elevated, the upper carina rounded, sometimes
truncate or slightly emarginate; front surface Concave and coarsely punctured,
clypeus narrow and acutely rounded; mandibles long and very little curved, labrum
elongate and pubescent. Antennae flabellate in the male, pectinate or deeply
serrate in the female. Pronotum coarsely punctured, with two slight impressions
on disc near front, posterior lobe with distinct broad process projecting posteriorly ;
apex of process truncate or feebly emarginate. Elytra punctured, slightly im-
pressed, strongly dehiscent and acute. Second segment of hind tarsus not flat above
as long as third.

Length, 7 to 11 mm.

Holotype.—Male, New York.> [Leconte Collection.]

Allotype-—Female. [Leconte Collection. ]

Distribution.—Leconte described the species from three males
taken in Missouri and New York. In the Leconte Collection
there are some females which he apparently acquired later, and
one of these, the one placed nearest to the holotype, may be
considered as the allotype. Horn records the species from
Pennsylvania, Illinois, Georgia and California; Fall and Cockerell
record it from New Mexico, while Champion records it from
Villa Lerdo in Durango, Mexico. The specimens examined were
from the following localities:

Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, Michigan, Florida, North
Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama, Texas, California and Kansas.

This species is widely distributed and accordingly varies much
in form, size, etc. This fact led Leconte to describe M. abdominale
which, according to the original description (I have not seen any
specimen in the Leconte Collection bearing the label abdomzinale)
is conspecific with flavipenne.

Biology.—Two hosts are recorded for this species, as follows:
Prosopis glandulosa, Rincon, New Mexico (Cockerell), recorded
by Fall and Cockerell, 1907, p. 211. Bembex spinolae, Brookland,
District of Columbia, June 26, 1914 (J. B. Parker), recorded by
Hi Ss) Bagbemeronsn pastor.

Macrosiagon fernaldum new species

The specimens in Mr. Frost’s collection bear the label ‘“‘flavi-
penne Lec.’’ Those in Mr. Notman’s collection are also confused
with those of flavipenne. Dr. Horn, in his monograph on the

5In the Leconte Collection the specimen at the extreme left, which is considered

the type, has no locality label. This specimen is no doubt from New York, since the
other males bear the label ‘‘Mo.”’

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 207

genus, mentions a variety of flavipenne from California in which
the abdomen of the male is red. Dr. Horn referred, no doubt, to
the male of this species. M. fernaldum is very closely allied to
M. flavipenne, and the male especially is very similar to the male
of M. flavipenne. The difference between them, however, is
quite distinct, and the following are the most outstanding features
by which the two may be separated.

The female of M. fernaldum has the processes of the antennae
bifurcate, the elytra yellow with a brownish tinge at apex, the
wings hyaline, while in flavipenne the antennal processes are
acute or truncate, elytra yellow with posterior half black and the
wings are brown. The male of M. fernaldum has the abdomen
red or brown red, wings hyaline, while M. flavipenne has a black
abdomen and wings smoky at least near costal margin.

Robust. Head dark brownish or black; lacinia yellow; antennae of male
orange yellow, of female brown; pronotum brown or dark brown with margins often
red. Elytra yellow with narrow strip near base brown; the tips of elytra in the
female with brownish tinge. Wings yellow-hyaline; abdomen in both sexes red;
in the males sometimes dark red or brown.

Head elongate, vertex elevated into a rounded carina, with the front surface
concave and roughly punctured. Clypeus narrowly rounded, punctate with its
margins often red. Labrum elongate, tapering anteriorly, pubescent. Lacinia of
maxillae filiform; mandibles but little curved, smooth with pubescent areas on
sides near base. Antennae of male with rami comparatively short, process of
female antennae biforcate.

Pronotum tapering anteriorly; disc sparsely, sides more closely punctate, two
slight depressions on disc near anterior margin. Posterior lobe acute, with a
distinct elevated process, and two depressions on each side. Elytra dehiscent, acute
at tip, finely punctured; a narrow strip near base brown, tips of female elytra with
brownish tinge. Tibial spines truncate, smooth at tip. Second segment of hind
tarsus equal to third and not flat and smooth above.

Length, 7 to 11 mm.

Type.—Male: Lindsay, California, Aug. 4, 1911, (J. C. Faure).
[U. S. National Museum, No. 41867.]

Allotype:—Female; Lindsay, California, July 29, 1909 (W. A.
Davidson). [U. S. National Museum.]

Distribution.—The above description was made from four males
and nine females from Lindsay, California, in the U. S. National
Museum; from one female and two males collected in Palm
Spring, California in the Frost Collection; from three females

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

28 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

bearing the label ‘‘Cal.”’, in Notman Collection, and from one
male in the Horn Collection. The above specimens are labeled
paratypes. Together with additional records the distribution is
thus:

CatirorniA: Lindsay, July (W. A. Davidson) (J. E. M. Gautt); Aug. (J. C.
Faure), [U. S. N. M.]. Palm Spring, (Dr. Fenyes), [Mason Coll.; Frost Coll.].
Jewetta, Sept., (Rehn and Hebard), [Mason Coll.]. “Cal.”, {Horn Coll.; Notman
Coll.].

Specimens of this species have been taken on Asclepias.
I call this species fernaldum in honor of Dr. H. T. Fernald, my
first teacher in Entomology and much respected friend and guide.

Macrosiagon bifoveatum (Horn)

1875. Rhipiphorus bifoveatus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., v, pp. 121, and 123.
1891. Emenadia bifoveata Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am. Col., Iv, Pt. 2. p. 354, t. 16.

The species is quite distinguishable by its excavation of prono-

tum; it differs from M. excavatum and M. carinipenne in having
the same more abrupt.

Robust. Color black or dark brown. Antennae of male orange yellow with
the tips of rami slightly fuscuous, antennae of female dark brown; elytra of male
brownish, gradually becoming darker at base, often a small arcuate space at base
of elytra yellowish; posterior margins of hind coxae and metaepimeron pale.
Wings of male yellowish, those of female brown.

Head broad, vertex rounded sparsely but distinctly punctate, frons and clypeus
more densely punctate, the margin of the latter broadly rounded. Mandibles
reddish at base, smooth, with a pubescent area on side of mandibles near base.
Labrum pubescent. Rami of antennae moderately long; in the female the pro-
cesses increase in length toward the apex. Pronotum heavily punctured, disc
elevated with two triangular excavations on each side near base, posterior lobe
triangular its posterior angles not prominent. Elytra acute, strongly dehiscent,
punctured, with smooth curved groove along sutural margin. Under side of body
sparsely punctured, second segment of hind tarsus slightly shorter than third,
flat and glabrous above.

Length, 8 to 14 mm.

Type.—Male; Illinois.6 [Horn Collection, A. N.S. P., No. 8122.]

Alloplesiotype-—Female; Guatemala, (Sallé). [Horn Collec-
tion. ]

° This species is more common in Central America and Mexico. The locality of the
type is the only record north of Texas, and it is rather strange to note that no specimens
have been taken in any place between Illinois and Texas.

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 29

Distribution.—Horn describes the species from a male taken
in Illinois. Champion records the species from Mexico and
Nicaragua. Specimens examined were from:

ILLINoIs: Type, [Horn Colln.].

GuaTEMALA: (Salle), [Horn Colln.] [Bowditch Colln.; labeled Homotype.]
[Edwards Colln.] (P. Sprague), [U. S. N. M.]

Mexico: Oxaco, (Hoege), [M. C. Z.]

Texas: (G. D. Smith), [M. C. Z.]

Variation.—The Holotype and one male from Guatemala have
the thorax black, while the other males of Guatemala have it
brown or dark brown. One of the males has a transverse im-
pression on the disc of pronotum in front of the two excavations.

Macrosiagon excavatum (Champion)
1891. Emenadia excavata Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv. pt. 2, p. 354.

Champion makes the following remark on this species and its
difference from M. bifoveatum Horn:

“Though very variable as regards the colour of the head,
thorax, under surface, and legs, E. excavata is unusually constant in
the colour and markings of the elytra, these latter only varying
in the predominance of the yellow or of the black, the markings
being always distinct. . excavata is nearest allied to E. bifoveata
(Horn), from which it differs, apart from the colour and markings
of the elytra, by the shallower, longer, and much less abrupt
depression on either side of the disc of the thorax behind; also
by its narrower general shape, and less dehiscent and less acumin-
ate elytra.”

Color ferruginous or black. Head red or black, antennae of male testaceous or
reddish with the rami blackish; in the female black with the two basal joints
reddish testaceous. Pronotum ferruginous. Elytra yellowish, with base, margins
and longitudinal line extending from apex to a short distance behind base, dark
fuscus or deep red. Thorax beneath and abdomen black or ferruginous. Posterior
margin of metepimeron and hind coxa yellowish.

Vertex rounded convex, very finely and sparsely punctate; clypeus narrowly
truncate or slightly notched at apex. The process in the female antennae increases
in size toward apex. Pronotum gradually narrowing toward front, finely punctured,
disc slightly raised and with two longitudinal excavations on each side near base.
Posterior lobe acute, not much elevated, hind angles acute but not projecting
backward. Elytra long, sharply pointed, becoming gradually dehiscent a little
behind the base; with a longitudinal channel from base to apex and a more or less

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

30 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

elevated ridge near the channel. The channel is more excavated about a fifth the
distance from apex. Thorax beneath sparsely punctate and shining. Second
segment of hind tarsus shorter than third and broad and flat above.

Length, 4.5 to 9 mm.

Type.—Male; Oxaca, (Hoege). Mexico. [British Museum.]

Allotype.—Female; Oxaca, (Hoege), Mexico. [British Museum.]

Distribution.—Champion described this species from forty-one
specimens, all taken in Mexico.

Four of the specimens I have examined were sent from the
British Museum to various institutions in this country. They
all bear the label, Oxaca Mexico (Hoege)? and are distributed as
follows: Two females in Museum of Comparative Zoology, one
female in the American Museum of Natural History, one female
in the U. S. National Museum. Two other females in the Bow-
ditch Collection bear the label ‘“‘ Mex.”’

Macrosiagon carinipenne (Champion)

1891. Emenadia carinipennis Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, Pt. 2, p. 355.

According to Champion the species differs from M. excavatum
as follows:

“Broader and less elongate; the elytra much more sparsely punctured, more
dehiscent posteriorly, less sharply pointed at the tip, and with a well-defined sub-
lateral carina, the base only black; the longitudinal groove on either side of the
disc of the thorax behind shallower, the intermediate space much less convex; the
vertex a little flattened in front; the antennae, the extreme tips of the rami ex-
cepted, brownish-yellow; the legs reddish-testaceous, with the femora piceous.”’

“Length 814 mm.”

Monotype—Male; Yantipec in Morelos, (Hoege). [British
Museum. ]
Macrosiagon dimidiatum (Fabricius)

1781. Mordella dimidiata Fabricius, Spec. Ins., 1, p. 332.

1792. Rhipiphorus dimidiatus Fabricius, Entom. System., p. 112.

1795. Rhipiphorus dimidiatus Olivier, Ent. Col., m1, 65, p. 8.

1801. Rhipiphorus dimidiatus Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth., m1, p. 120.

1855. Rhipiphorus dimidiatus Gerstacker, Rhipiph., Col. Fam., p. 21.

1866. Rhipiphorus marginale Leconte, New Spec. N. Am. Col., p. 154.

1875. Rhipiphorus dimidiatus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., v, pp. 121, 122.

This species is in many collections confused with those of M.
flavipenne, M. pectinatum, and in one case a small specimen was

’ The specimen from the Museum of Comparative Zoology bears the label ‘‘Cotype.’””

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 31

found with those of M. cruentum. It may be separated from
pectinatum and cruentum by the hind tarsal segments. In cruen-
tum the second tarsal segment is longer than the third, in dimidia-
tum they are subequal, while in pectinatum the second is shorter
than the third. Although Dr. Horn, in his description of this
species, states that the second segment is shorter than the third,
the term “‘subequal”’ will better describe it. I have measured the
segments and found the difference is hardly noticeable. The
third segment, being more slender, appears longer than the second.
In its general appearance M. flavipenne is very much like M.
dimidiatum; on closer examination, however, the following dif-
ferences are clearly noticeable: the abdomen of the female of
flavipenne is red, while it is black in dimidiatum; the elytra of the
male flavipenne are entirely yellow, while their tip is black in
dimidiatum. The vertex of flavipenne is concave in front and the
pronotum has a distinct process, while the frons of dimidiatum
is flat or convex, and there is no distinct process on the pronotum.

Black, elytra yellow with a narrow strip along the base; and the tips, black or
brown. Head elongate, vertex elevated, rounded above, its front surface convex
or flat, sparsely punctate; clypeus broad, obtusely angulate, rounded at apex and
sometimes slightly emarginate on sides of angle. Labrum elongate, with its
apex rounded, hairy; lacinia of maxillae longer than palpi, and filiform. Mandibles
slightly curved, acute, smooth with punctured area on sides near base. Male
antennae yellow luteous. Female antennae pectinate, processes acute, first and
second segments reddish, otherwise brownish-black. Pronotum punctured,
posterior lobe slightly convex with a cup-shaped depression near apex or with
the same truncate. Elytra flat, punctured, rapidly narrowing toward the apex,
tips very acute; in the male a small area at tip is black, while in the female, about
the entire posterior half is black, and the line of division between the black and
the yellow is oblique. Second segment of hind tarsus subequal to third, and
both are flat above. Abdomen and thorax opaque and finely punctured in both
SEXES.

Length, 5 to II mm.

Distribution—The species was described by Fabricius from
North America (Mus. D. Yeats). Horn records the species from

8 This confusion with M. cruentum in Mr. Leng’s collection caused an error in the
List of Insects of New York, edited by Dr. Leonard. M. cruentum is a Southern
species and of all the specimens examined, I found none from New York, and although
Blatchley records it from Indiana, I doubt whether it would be found in New York.
The specimen with the record of Peekskill in Mr. Leng’s collection, upon examination,
was found to be a M. dimidiatum.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

32 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

New York, Florida and Missouri. The specimens which have
been examined were from the following localities:

New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, Virginia, Florida,
Missouri, Texas, Arizona, Arkansas, Kansas, and California.

Macrosiagon acutipenne (Pierce)
1904. Rhipiphorus acutipenne Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr., Iv, p. 163.

The holotype and paratypes (U. S. N. M. No. 8255) were
examined, but I could not find any characters by which it may
be distinctly separated from M. dimidiatum, Fab.

Macrosiagon octomaculatum octomaculatum (Gerstacker)

1855. Rhipiphorus octomaculatus Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 22.

1858. Rhipiphorus puncticeps Leconte, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (2), Iv, p. 20.
1875. Rhipiphorus octomaculatus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vv, pp. 122, 123.
1891. Emenadia octomaculata Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 356.

Robust. Head entirely black or red, or partly red and black. Antennae
blackish, pronotum red with two black oblong spots which are often obsolete;
elytra with three spots, humeral, middle and apical. Thorax beneath, varying
from red to black; legs varying from reddish to black. Wings pale brown. Abdo-
men always red.

Head short and coarsely sculptured. Vertex very broadly truncate, occiput
densely pubescent, with distinct occipital suture which extends to the tip of vertex.
Distinct humeri present above each eye; frons punctate with a smooth median
line, punctation very close near the eyes and sides of clypeus, the latter broadly
truncate, slightly emarginate or bilobed. Labrum short, emarginate or bilobed,
setiferous. -Mandibles curved, smooth; punctured only on sides near base. Anten-
nae situated under small tubercles near middle of eyes; in both sexes shorter than
head. Processes of female antennae bifurcate; in the male the rami are compara-
tively short. Pronotum coarsely punctured, pubescent, short, broad and very
much bent; posterior lobe short, and sometimes truncate; elytra short, gradually
tapering, coarsely punctured. Thorax beneath very finely and closely punctate,
covered with dense golden pubescence. Second segment of hind tarsus slightly
shorter than third and rather broad and flat above.

Length, 5 to 12 mm.

Distribution.—Gerstacker described the species from Illinois
and Brazil. [‘ Zool. Mus. Berlin u. Greifswald’’], Horn records
the species from Florida, Georgia, Kansas and Texas. Specimens
examined were from the following localities:

NortH Carouina: Wilmington, August, (G. P. Engelhardt), [Schaeffer Colln.].
FLoripA: Jacksonville, [Leng Colln.].

EZEKIEL RIVNAY ei

GeorGIA: Jekyll Island, September, (Bromley) [A. M. N. H.].

ALABAMA: Mobile (Loding).

Texas: [Leng Colln.].

Ar1zona: Huachuca Mountains, August, [Notman Colln.; Schaeffer Colln.; A.
M. N. H.; Charles Palm Colln.; Leng Colln.] Phoenix, [Leng Colln.].

Variation.— M. puncticeps Leconte, which has been considered
by Horn as a variety of octomaculatum, is practically identical
with this. The type in the Leconte Collection has no distinct
black spots on the thorax, but this characteristic is not of value
since there are many intermediate stages between the two extreme
forms. As to other characteristics, Leconte’s type is practically
identical with the specimens compared. Most of the specimens
before me have reddish legs but some have them dark red, while
still others have black legs; the color of the legs therefore is not
of great varietal value.

Macrosiagon octomaculatum maritimum new variety

Very robust. Head and thorax like in the preceding. Elytra shorter, with
distinct humeral spot, and the two others confluent with each other. In some speci-
mens the humeral spot is also confluent with the median, while in still other speci-
mens the apical is connected with the middle only by a narrow strip along the
suture. Legs reddish or black. The male is similar to that in the preceding
variety except that the middle spot on elytra is more conspicuous.

Length, 6 to 14 mm.

Type.—Female; Springhill, Alabama, November. [American
Museum of Natural History. ]

Paratypes.—All females; Gulfport, Florida, (Reynold), [Leng
Colln.J. Springhill, Alabama, [Schaeffer Colln.]. Florida, [U. S.
N. M., 1, no. 41868].

Distribution.—In addition to the above, material has also been
examined from Mobile, Alabama, June, (Loding), [Frost Colln.],
and Jacksonville, Florida, [M. C. Z.].

Variation.—The variation in size in the different specimens of
this variety is extreme. One specimen from Mobile is 6 mm.
while others are 14 mm. long and very robust. As in the preced-
ing variety, the pronotum may be without distinct spots.

This variety is mostly confined to the gulf states and apparently
thrives best along the coast.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

34 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Macrosiagon sayi (Leconte)

1823. Rhipiphorus bicolor Say, Jour. Acad. Phila., 11, p. 275, (Complete Writing
II, 1859, p. 162.) Preocc.

1858. Rhipiphorus sayi Leconte, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila..1v, p. 21.

1875. Rhipiphorus octomaculatus sayi Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., v, p. 123.

Horn considered this species as a variety of octomaculatum:
Gerstacker; but for the reasons indicated below, it should be
considered as a distinct species. The sexes are distinctly different
in color, while in octomaculatum that is not the case. The legs
in this species are concolorous and do not vary in color as is the
case in the varieties of octomaculatum. The form of the apex
of the tarsal segment differs entirely from that in octomaculatum
and in general structure it is more delicate.

Head black in the males, red in females; antennae fuscous, first and second
segment red. Pronotum red in both sexes; elytra of male testaceous, with base
and tip black; sometimes an indistinct spot is present in the middle. Female
antennae with three brownish black spots usually confluent with each other to
form a curved line extending from base to apex. Thorax beneath, black in the
males and dark brown in the females. Abdomen in the males black, in the females
red. Legs in both sexes dark brown.

Vertex broadly truncate, occiput pubescent, with occipital suture present, this
is sometimes indistinct, front surface sparsely punctate with median smooth line,
clypeus more closely punctate. Pronotum punctured, posterior lobe acute, with
a smooth elevated median line extending from its apex anteriorly. This is some-
times obsolete. Thorax beneath very densely punctured and pubescent. Hind
tarsus with second segment shorter than third. The apices of the tarsi, especially
of the second segment, are produced on both sides into lobe-like projections (see
Pl. III, fig. 18).

Length 7 to 11 mm.

Distribution.—New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, Louisiana, Kansas,
Missouri, Illinois, Arizona and California.

Say described this species as bicolor from Pennsylvania, and
Leconte renamed it since that specific name has been used before
by Castelnau.

The species is comparatively common, and is distributed
throughout the Southern States from coast to coast. It is found
from May to August.

Host.—Elis sp. One specimen of M. sayi Lec. with the cocoon
from which it emerged, was sent to the U, S. National Museum
from the Japanese Beetle Laboratory. Upon inquiry, Mr. Loren
B. Smith, Senior Entomologist in Charge of that Laboratory, in
a letter dated May 9, 1928, writes the following:

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 35

I find by referring to our records that the Rhipiphorid beetle Marco-
stagon sayi Lec. was reared from a cocoon of Elis which was collected at Centralia,
Ill., April 20, 1921. Two species were found in that locality, namely E. obscura
Say. and E. quinquicincta Fabr. It is not known from which one of these species
the beetle was reared, although I presume it was obscura, since there were more of
these in the collection. The rearing was done by Dr. T. H. Frison.

Macrosiagon cruentum cruentum (Germar)

1824. Rhipiphorus cruentus Germar, Ins. Spec., Nov., I, p. 168.

1855. Rhipiphorus cruentus Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 27.

1875. Rhipiphorus cruentus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., v, p. 122 and 124.

1891. Emenadia cruenta Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am. Col., tv, Pt. 2, p. 357.
This species is sometimes confused with dimidiatum or pectt-

natum but it is easily distinguished from these as it is the only

species which has the second tarsal segment longer than the third.

The amount of red and black is variable. One species from Texas

has the elytra entirely red. The abdomen of the male is usually

black but sometimes red. The abdomen of the female is usually

red but sometimes black. Some specimens have the abdomen

partly red and black.

Head and thorax black, abdomen red or black, elytra red, with base and tip
black. Wings brownish. Head oval, black, vertex broadly rounded, its front
surface flat or very slightly concave, sparsely punctured and shining; frons and
clypeus more densely punctured, the latter broadly truncate, or very slightly
emarginate. Mandibles red at base, black at tip. First and second segments of
antennae rufous, otherwise fuscous, processes acute at tip. Pronotum broad,
slightly tapering roward front, punctured; posterior lobe convex with two slight
concavities on each side. Sides of elytra straight, sutural margin curved sideward
to form rounded tips. Pleural region of thorax punctured; second segment of
hind tarsus longer than third and slender.

Length, 5 to 8 mm.

Distribution.—This species was described by Germar® from
North American specimens. Gerstacker records it from Mexico.
Horn states it is distributed from Georgia to California. Champ-
ion records it from Guanajuato, Mexico; specimens examined were
from the following localities:

Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas, Arizona, Utah
and California.

Two other distinct varieties are distinguished in this species
as follows:

® According to W. Horn the Germar Collection of Coleoptera is partly in the Zoological
Museum of Berlin, and in Deutsche Entomologische Institut (Mus.) Berlin-Dahlem.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

36 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Macrosiagon cruentum rufum (Leconte)
1854. Rhipiphorus rufus Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. WG \s 225),
1875. Rhipiphorus cruentus rufus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., v, p. 125.
Head, pronotum and abdomen yellow, elytra yellow, tip.often blackish.
Length, 5 to 7 mm.
Type.—Female; San Diego, California. [Leconte Collection.]
Plesiotype-—Male; Isabella, California, June. [Frost Collec-
tion.] |
Distribution.—Other specimens examined were as follows: |
Cairornia: Isabella, June, [Frost Colln.], Tulare Co. and Pasadena, [Schaeffer
Colln.].
This species is limited apparently to California but may be ‘
found in neighboring localities.

Macrosiagon cruentum horni new variety
1875. Rhipiphorus cruentus var. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., v, p. 125.

Horn described this variety, but did not call it by name. I
think, however, because of the characteristics stated that it
deserves a varietal name, which I give it in honor of its first
describer, Dr. George H. Horn.

Head black, the pronotum rufo-testaceous, elytra with tip and base very nar-
rowly black, male abdomen black, female abdomen red.

Length, 5 to 7 mm.

Type.—Female; Texas. [Horn Collection, A. N.S. P., No. 8136.]

Distribution Specimens of this variety have also been ex-
amined from: Dummit County, Texas, [Leng Colln.], and San
Diego, California, [Hubbard-Schwarz Colln.].

Macrosiagon limbatum (Fabricius)

1781. Mordella limbata Fabricius, Spec. Ins., 1, p. 332.

1792. Rhipiphorus limbatus Fabricius, Entom. System., 1, p. I12.

1795. Rhipiphorus limbatus Olivier, Entom. Col., 11, 65, p. 6.

1801. Rhipiphorus limbatus Fabricius, Systema Eleuth., 1, p. 121.

1835. Rhipiphorus limbatus Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 189.

1855. Rhipiphorus limbatus Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 30.

1859. Rhipiphorus limbatus Say, Complete Writings (Ed. Leconte), m1, p. 660.

1875. Rhipiphorus limbatus Horn, Trans. Am. IDM, SOCs, Wo [Ob ULB, WAS).

1891. Emenadia limbata Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am. Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 358.
Head yellow, vertex often black; clypeus often reddish; mandibles black, base

- yellow, antennae blackish, first and second segments yellow; pronotum yellow

with discal black spot varying in size. Elytra usually black, sometimes pale,

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 37

with sides, suture and base narrowly black. Wings brown. Thorax yellow
beneath, often variegated with black. Femora yellow with apex black; anterior
tibia black, others yellow with apical half black, or often entirely black; tarsi
black or annulated with yellow.

Head elongate, vertex rounded, glabrous; frons smooth, clypeus slightly punc-
tured, apex broadly truncate or emarginate; labrum elongate, its apex rounded,
lacinia long filiform, hairy; mandibles moderately curved. Pronotum elongate,
slightly tapering forward, sparsely punctured, posterior lobe large and acute, hind
angles prolonged and slightly covering the elytra. Elytra sparsely punctured,
long, slightly tapering toward the end. Thorax sparsely punctured. Pleural
sclerites very little convex, not bulging beyond lateral margin of pronotum;
front coxae separated by prosternal spine, legs slender and long. Second segment
of hind tarsus about half the length of the third segment, flat and shining above.

Length, 5 to 12 mm.

Distribution.—The native country of this species was not known
to Fabricius. He described it, however, from a specimen taken
from the same collection (Mus. D. Yeats) as M. dimidiatum—
and the locality for the latter was given as North America.

Horn states the species is found from Pennsylvania to Texas.
Champion records it from Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica and
Panama. The specimens examined were from the following
localities:

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware,
Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia, West
Virginia, Florida, Georgia, Texas, Arizona, Kansas, Arkansas and Iowa.

From the list of localities we see that the species is most com-
mon along the Atlantic coast although specimens have been taken
as far west as Arkansas. The northern record of its distribution
is New Hampshire and the southern is Panama.

The species is most common in July and August, and has been
taken by sweeping, and upon the following plants: goat weed,
Elder, Solidago, Eupatorium, Spirae and upon the Mint plants
namely: Pycnanthemum flexuosum, Monarda punctate and Monarda
citriodora.

Variation.—The species is comparatively common and widely
distributed. Accordingly, the variations in the specimens are
numerous. Say divided this species into three varieties, namely:
variety a, with vertex black; variety b, elytra black, immaculate;
and variety c, beneath, variegated with black. These varieties
are not valid, since the amount of black on the individuals is
extremely variable, and the varieties merge into one another.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

38 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Macrosiagon limbatum pulchrum new variety

Head, thorax and abdomen entirely reddish yellow; without any black spots.
Elytra black. Body very shining. Elytra less dehiscent.

Length, 9 mm.

Type and Paratype-—Females; Black Mountains, North Caro-
lina, (W. Beutenmuller, June). [Frank R. Mason Collection at the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, no. 8137.]

Two females of this beautiful variety were taken by Mr. W.
Beutenmuller.

Macrosiagon lineare Leconte
1866. Rhipiphorus lineare Leconte, New Spec. North Amer. Col., Smiths Misc.

Coll., 6 p. 154
1875. Rhipiphorus lineare Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vv, p. 122, 125.

Specimens of M. lineare are often confused with those of limba-
tum Fabricius. The characteristics given in the key, however,
and their short face and smaller size, should readily separate it
from limbatus.

Head yellow-ferruginous, brown or black. Antennae fuscous, first and second
segment reddish. Pronotum ferruginous, brown or black, elytra black, sometimes
with a brownish tinge. Wings brownish. Thoracic sclerites brown, yellow or
variegated; femora brown, tibia and tarsi variably variegated. Abdomen fer-
ruginous or black, pygidium dark.

Narrow, subparallel. Head short, shining; vertex broadly rounded, smooth,
frons shining, clypeus very slightly punctured, its front margin broadly rounded,
labrum broad; mandibles entirely, or only at tip, black. Pronotum tapering very
slightly toward apex, sparsely punctured; posterior lobe broad, slightly convex;
hind angles of pronotum produced and acute. Elytra slightly depressed along
the disc, gradually tapering and dehiscent only at the end. Thoracic scler tes
sparsely punctured. Mesoepimeron and episternum of mesothorax flat, and not
bulging beyond lateral margins of pronotum; anterior coxae separated by a pro-
sternal spine; tibiae and tarsi variably variegated. Second segment of hind tarsi
longer than one-half of the third, not flat nor shining above. Abdomen sparsely
punctured.

Length, 4 to 6 mm.

Type.—Male; Kentucky. [Leconte Collection. ]

Leconte described the species from one male specimen taken in
Kentucky. One male and female now in the Charles Palm Col-
lection, American Museum of Natural History, were collected in
Southwest Arkansas. This male (Homotype) was compared with
the type in the collection of Leconte, and is identical with it in all

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 39

respects except size and color. The type specimen is entirely
dark and much smaller than the Arkansas Specimen, while the
latter has thorax and abdomen red. The female (Plesiotype)
from the same locality has been compared with the type and is
‘identical with it, except in size and color and secondary sexual
characteristics, its antennae being pectinate.

Other specimens examined were from Arizona, Huachuca Moun-
tain, July, in the collections of Messrs. Notman, Leng and Schaef-
fer and from Alabama in the Collection of H. P. Loding.

Macrosiagon discicollis (Gerstacker)

1855. Rhipiphorus discicollis Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 32.

1855. Rhipiphorus mutilatus, Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 32.

1855. Rhipiphorus 4-maculatus, Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 33.

1877. Emenadia melanoptera, Chevrolat, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, p. 1x.

1889. Emenadia vitraci, Fleutiaux and Salle, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ix, p. 432.
1891. Emenadia discicollis Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 358.

“Oblong, ovate rufo-ferruginous, head, antennae except base and legs, black;
pronotum and elytra bluish black. Head suborbicular, smooth black, shining;
its vertex little elevated, rounded above. Mandibles rufopiceous, palpi yellow;
antennae black except its three basal segments yellow; thorax subtriangular,
little longer than wide, strongly attenuated toward front, lateral sides inflexed,
posterior angles acute; behind, obtusely triangular toward scutellar lobe, above
convex, slightly punctate, glabrous, shining rufo-ferruginous, discoidal spots
blue-black. Elytra little narrower than base of pronotum, more than half as long
as base of thorax, sides whitened a little towards the middle, not attenuated toward
the rear, with the apex subtruncate, internal angle rounded. Above, moderately
convex with moderately thick and fine punctation; body below with blue markings,
red, punctate, somewhat shining. Legs black, spines and claws ferruginous.”’

Length, 6 to 5 mm.

The above is a translation from the original description by
Gerstacker.

Distribution.—Gerstacker described this species from Brazil,
[Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin-Greifswald], while Champion records
it from Mexico, Columbia, Antilles, Cuba, Porto Rico and Guada-
loupe, (Plesiotypes), [British Museum].

Variation.—Upon the specimens taken from Central America,
Champion states as follows: ‘‘We have received four female
specimens of an Emenadia from Mexico agreeing very well with
Gerstacker’s description of E. discicollis, and there is also a Mexi-
can example of the same species in the British Museum. In three

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC.. 6

40 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

of these the elytra are black with a slight bluish ting in certain
lights, and the thorax is rufous or reddish-testaceous with the
disc to a variable extent black; one (from Sturm’s collection) is
reddish-testaceous above and beneath, with the apices of the
elytra black; one (in the British Museum) is reddish-testaceous,
with the base of the elytra very broadly and also a large apical
patch black.”

Macrosiagon pectinatum (Fabricius)

1775. Mordella pectinata Fabricius, Systema Entom., p. 263.

1775. Mordella sexmaculata Fabricius, Systema Entom., p. 263.

1792. Rhipiphorus pectinatus Fabricius, Entom. System., p. IIT.

1792. Rhipiphorus sexmaculatus Fabricius, Entom. System., p. III.

1795. Rhipiphorus secmaculatus Olivier, Entom. Col., m1, 65, p. 6.

1801. Rhipiphorus pectinatus Fabricius, Systema Eleuth., 1, p. 119.

1801. Rhipiphorus sexmaculatus Fabricius, Systema Eleuth., p. 111.

1846. Rhipiphorus dubium Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., , p. 316.

1846. Rhipiphorus fasciatus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, p. 317.

1846. Rhipiphorus ambiguus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 317.

1846. Rhipiphorus nigrus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, p. 317.

1855. Rhipiphorus pectinatus Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 30.

1875. Rhipiphorus pectinatus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., v, p. 121.

1891. Emenadia pectinata Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2, p.
Probable varieties

1801. Rhipiphorus humeratus Fabricius, Systema Eleuth., U, 119.

1801. Rhipiphorus nigricorne Fabricius, Systema Eleuth., 11, p. 119.

1801. Rhipiphorus triste Fabricius, Systema Eleuth., I, p. 120.

1801. Rhipiphorus ventrale Fabricius, Systema Eleuth., 1, p. 120.

1824. Rhipiphorus sanguineolentus Germar, Ins. Spec. Nov. XXIv. p. 169.

1846. Rhipiphorus impressus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, p. 316.

1846. Rhipiphorus maxillosus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 11, p. 316.

1846. Rhipiphorus longipes Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 11, p. 317.

1846. Rhipiphorus thoracicus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, p. 317.

1855. Rhipiphorus varicolor Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 25.

This species is extremely variable from red to black." The
general characteristics are stated in the key, and those by which
to separate it from other species are stated in the discussion of
the various species which are similar to it.

Distribution.—The species is distributed all over North and
Central America.

10 The author feels that a further study is necessary before a key to the various
varieties and races of this species can be arranged.

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 4I

RHIPIPHORUS Bosc.

1792. Rhipiphorus Bosc., Jour. Hist. Nat., 11, p. 293.

1818. Myodes Latereille, Nouv Dic. d’Hist. Nat., ed. 2, xxv, p. 130.
1819. Mvyodites Latereille, Nouv. Dic. d’Hist. Nat., ed. 2, Xxrx, p. 302 (not a).
1823. Dorthesia Say, Jour. Acad. Phil., m1, p. 274.

1855. Myodites Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 15.

1859. Myodites Lacordaire, Hist. Ins. Col., v, p. 630.

1880. Mvyodites Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vill, p. 210.

1892. Myodites Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., x1x, p. 48.

1891. Rhipidophorus Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am. Col., Iv, p. 359.
1904. Mvyodites Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebraska, Iv, p. 157.

1920. Myodites Pierce, Ent. News, XXXI, p. 277.

Vertex elevated above anterior margin of pronotum. Eyes
prominent, situated on sides of head, leaving a broad frons and
clypeus. Mandibles prominent but bent inwardly. Antennae
eleven segmented, often ten segmented in females, inserted above
the eyes, one on each side of the vertex. Male antennae biflabel-
late, those of female monoflabellate, pectinate or deeply serrate,
the first two segments without process. Pronotum broad, with
no distinct lateral carina, pseudopleuron small and inconspicuous.
Scutellum of mesonotum usually hidden under the posterior lobe
of pronotum but may be seen when the insect is bent. Elytra very
short, convex and scale-like; wings uncovered, and not folded, the
metanotum and dorsal part of abdomen thus being left exposed.
Metathorax well developed; seventh tergite of the abdomen in
the female developed into a very conspicuous shield-like pygidium.
The entire abdomen of the female is so bent that the pygidium
is found on the ventral side of the body, and the ovipositor is
directed obliquely forward. Legs short, first and last segment
of hind tarsus usually larger than the others, third one smallest;
claws in both sexes pectinate, but in the males the teeth on the
claws are more numerous and finer. The length of the first
segment of the hind tarsi varies with the species and serves as a
good character for classification. The pygidium also differs
in size and shape and serves for that purpose. Other character-
istics used in classification are the shape of vertex, form of anten-
nae, colors of abdomen, etc.

The genus may be separated into two main divisions. One
group consists of those species in which the first segment of hind

MEM. AM. ENT. soc., 6.

42 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

tarsus is long, slightly thicker than the others and not at all
obliquely truncate, while the other group consists of those species
in which the first segment of hind tarsus is elevated, thicker than
the others and obliquely truncate. There are, however, inter-
mediate stages between the two, and we find species that cannot
be classified distinctly in either.

In arranging the key for the species of this genus, we are con-
fronted by another difficulty, namely, antigeny. In this genus
the sexes differ from each other more than in the preceding genera,
with the exception of Rhipidius. In some species the general
color differs in both sexes, while in others the color is the same.
The shape and proportional length of the tarsal segments, however,
are similar in the two sexes and serve for identification of the same.
Leconte and Pierce used the color characteristics of male and
female together with structural differentiation in the same key,
and this made it altogether very complicated. In order to avoid
some difficulties, it was found most convenient to divide the genus
into divisions based on the shape of the tarsal segments, and then
into groups based on the color characteristics of the two sexes.
In some cases the author placed the species of which one sex only is
known, in the same group of its nearest allies. New discoveries
may, therefore, cause some changes in the following classification.

Key to the Groups of Rhipiphorus

First segment of hind tarsus obliquely truncate and emarginate at tip; as a rule
this segment is shorter than all others combined, and elevated.

1. Female abdomen black or brown, male abdomen of same color.
Group luteipennis
2. Female antennae 1© segmented, deeply serrate, processes subequal; female
abdomen yellow, that of the known males black.......... Group scaber
3. Female antennae 11 segmented, rami very long in female, decreasing in
length toward apex. Female shining; abdomen straw-yellow variegated

Wilchielbrown-blackssmal emip|a cases san Group viereckt
4. Female abdomen for greatest part reddish-yellow; male abdomen the same
as féemale..: 7 ou a:cacie eco! Se eee Group popenoet

First segment of hind tarsus not obliquely truncate, very little thicker than the
others, and as long as all others combined.

Female abdomen partly yellow, partly brown; male abdomen (as far as known)

lke-that-of -fematess 555-5 eee Group californicus

Female abdomen entirely brown; male as that of female...... Group fasciatus

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 43

First segment of hind tarsus as long as all others but a little thicker, a little truncate
and emarginate at apex.
Female abdomen orange-yellow, male unknown............ Group aurantus

Group luteipennis

I. First segment of hind tarsus much longer and thicker than second........ 2
First segment of hind tarsus only a trifle longer than second and very little
thicker. Second segment much longer than third. Pl. IV, fig. 8t.. minimus

2. Female antennae eleven segmented, elytra yellow, base brown-black (male not
lkmveargmMle: TRIG IN Gite Eis = tcre.o)o excka pica lous Ol enoie eta nina Orn ene keene calopterus
Hemalevantennaetenusepmenteds orm tse) Gea ele) eisai es sce wis ce ie es 3

3. Pygidium longer than broad, (male not known). PI. IV, fig. 2p.....nevadicus
Pygidium as long as broad, concave and shining. PI. IV, fig. 3p. ..luteipennis

To this group probably belongs Rhipiphorus brevipes.

Rhipiphorus luteipennis (Leconte)"

1865. Mvyodites luteipennis Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., xvuiI, p. 97.
1880. Myodites luteipennis Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vil, p. 210.
1892. Myodites luteipennis Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X1x, p. 48.

1904. Mvyodites luteipennis Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr., Iv, p. 161.

1920. Myodites luteipennis Pierce, Ent. News, XXXI, p. 277.

The species may be separated from its allies by its smooth,
concave and shining pygidium, antennal rami curved, and vertex
broadly rounded and sparsely punctate.

Body black or brown, elytra dark amber yellow. Head large, vertex rounded,
sparsely punctate, front wide and flat; slight concavity around vertex, clypeus
slightly emarginate, antennae of male eleven segmented and of the same color as
elytra, rami slightly curved and fuscous at tip. Antennae of female ten segmented
pectinate, brown, first rami curved, and directed meso-anteriorly. The first five
or six rami are subequal, the last few short. Pronotum sparsely punctate and
pubescent along sides with two shining glabrous areas on both sides of disc. Base
broadly rounded, truncate or slightly emarginate. Elytra shining fuscous, closely
punctate at base, finely so along margins. Thorax beneath, and abdomen, sparsely
pubescent, pygidium triangular, smoothly rounded at tip, punctate along dorsal
margin, less so along sides and smooth and very shining on concave center. Front
and second legs yellowish or brown yellow, hind legs brown. First segment of
hind tarsus obliquely truncate and elevated but shorter than last one. Hind
tibia distinctly longer than tarsus.

Length, 6 to 8 mm.

Type.—Female; New York. [Leconte Collection.]

1 Csiki, in his catalogue, has erroneously placed this species in the genus Macrosiagon
and consequently he renamed M. luteipenne M’Leay.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

44 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Distribution.—Leconte described this species from two females
taken in New York. There is also a male in the Leconte Collec-
tion from Selma, Alabama. Other specimens examined were
taken in:

Marne: Wales, August (C. A. Frost). NEw JERSEY: Dunellen, Bear Swamp
near Ramsey, September, [Schaeffer Colln.].

New York: Staten Island, August, (Leng), Mosholu, (Schaeffer); Richmond,
August, (W. T. Davis); [A. M. N. H.].

Variation.—Two females, the one in the Schaeffer Collection
from Mosholu, N. Y., and the one in the Frost Collection from
Wales, Maine, are light brown, and the pygidium is more shining
and concave than in the others; the one from Wales, however, was
collected 7m Coito with a normal male, which does not differ from
the other males; there is therefore no doubt that the two females
‘are merely a light-colored form of lutezpennis.

Rhipiphorus nevadicus Leconte.

1880. Mvyodites nevadicus Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. vill, p. 210.211.
1892. Myodites nevadicus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 48.

1904. Myodites nevadicus Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr., Iv, p. 157.

1920. Myodites nevadicus Pierce, Ent. News., XXXI, p. 277.

The vertex of Rh. nevadicus is similar to the vertex of luteipennis,
but the species may be easily separated by the form of the pygid-
ium, which is elongate in nevadicus and broader and more concave
in luterpennis.

Brown, shining, elytra amber yellow. Head wider than long, vertex broadly
rounded and sparsely but distinctly punctate, front flat or very slightly concave,
sparsely pubescent. Antennae curved, 10 segmented, pectinate, rami subequal
except last two that are shorter. Pronotum rounded at base, punctate and slightly
pubescent along base, sides and center of disc, the anterior part is smooth and
glabrous. Elytra sparsely and very finely punctate. Wings hyaline with anterior
margin and band brownish. Abdomen more densely pubescent, margins of
segments slightly darker, pgyidium much longer than wide, rounded at tip, punctate
and pubescent along sides; slightly concave and smooth in center. Under side
of body more densely pubescent, first segment of hind tarsus obliquely truncate,
but slightly thicker than others, and about as long as fourth segment; longer than
the second and third combined. Hind tibia and first tarsal segment very finely
transversely ridged along dorsal edge.

Length, 4 to 7 mm.

Holotype-—Female; Western Nevada. [Leconte Collection.]
Plesiotype or Topotype-—Female; Nevada. [Horn Collection.]

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 45

The description above was made from the Holotype. The
specimen in the Horn Collection taken in Nevada is identical
with the type; and the drawing of the pygidium was made from
this specimen, while the outline of the hind tarsus was made from
the type in the Leconte Collection. The writer believes that the
specimen in the Horn Collection is a true topotype since they
both have the same kind of labels, and was given to Leconte by
Horn. The locality label of this specimen has a red marking at
its left hand side which probably indicates that it was collected
in the western part of the state.

Rhipiphorus calopterus new species.

This species may be confused with species of group fasciatus
because of the similarity in the color of the elytra, but it belongs,
however, in a different group. Species of group fasciatus have
the first segment of hind tarsus long and thin, while Rh. calop-
terus has it short and thick. From nevadicus it may be separated
by the form of the pygidium, being longer than wide in nevadicus
and shorter in calopterus. From luteipennis it may be separated
by the antennae, the rami being long, curved and subequal in
luterpennis, and short, straight and decreasing in length in calop-
terus. In addition to this the antenna of the latter has eleven
segments, while the others have only ten.

Brown. Head and pronotum blackish; front femora with a yellowish tinge in
front; elytra at base amber yellow, basal third brown, shining; wings brown, tips
hyaline. Head broad, vertex broadly rounded, finely but sparsely punctate,
front finely pubescent, coarsely punctate with a small median excavation in front
of vertex. Antennae of female 11-segmented, pectinate, brown, processes de-
crease in length toward apex, first ramus longest, much shorter than the length
of the eyes. Pronotum about as broad at base as long, rounded, and slightly
truncate at base, finely pubescent and densely punctate with smooth glabrous
area extending from disc to both sides. Elytra coarsely punctate, especially near
base, humeri distinct, smooth and shining. Wings brown, tips hyaline. Under
side of body sparsely pubescent, punctate, pygidium coarsely but sparsely
punctate at apex, but finely and densely punctate at its dorsal angles. Apex
broadly rounded, almost truncate, convex, with a small concavity at anterior
margin.

First segment of hind tarsus shorter than fourth, about as long as second and
third together, but thicker and obliquely truncate at apex.

Length, 5.5 mm.

Monotype.—Female; Paris, Maine, July, (C. A. Frost). [Frost
Collection.]

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

46 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Rhipiphorus minimus (Pierce)
1904. Myodites minimus Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr., Iv, p. 159.
1920. Mvyodites minimus Pierce, Ent. News, XXXI, p. 278.

Head and thorax black, abdomen dark brownish, antennae with stalk brown,
rami light brown tipped with brownish. Elytra, anterior and median legs color
of antennae, posterior darker. Wings hyaline, clouded at middle with brown.

Head depressed, rather coarsely and unevenly punctate, clad with very sparse,
whitish pubescence; 11-jointed, very finely punctate throughout, vertex between
the antennae elevated, rounded, not carinate. Pronotum very unevenly and
coarsely punctate with pubescence very sparse at base and near anterior margin;
glabrous shining along sides and disc; disc not carinate and but slightly and very
broadly grooved toward apex. Mesothorax with scutellum concealed; apical half
coarsely punctate; posterior margin straight. Metathorax sparsely punctate;
postscutellum shining, glabrous, laterally converging, apically truncate. Abdomen
coarsely, sparsely, unevenly punctate; finely but sparsely pubescent. Body
sparsely punctate, pubescent beneath. Elytra sparsely and shallowly punctate.
Posterior tarsus with the first joint not remarkably elongate, as long as second and
third joints together, but not equaling the length of fourth, apically thickened,
twice as thick as succeeding joints, obliquely truncate, and emarginate behind;
second joint over twice as long as third; claws as long as second joint, pectinate.

Length, 4 mm.

Type.—Male; Belmont, Nebraska. [U. S. National Museum,
No. 8256.]

The type has been examined and no characteristics were found
that were not mentioned in the original description and therefore
it was quoted above with some changes. It was found necessary
however, to make a more detailed drawing of the hind tarsus,

than the one Pierce presented.

Rhipiphorus brevipes new species

The species may be distinguished from other allies by its short
legstand? tarcit ssl INA sticemt 2k

Male: Black-brown, antennae yellowish, tips darker, legs brownish-yellow, bases
of femora black-brown. Elytra amber yellow, extreme base brown.

Vertex rounded, frons with two elevations between bases of antennae, clypeus
elevated, emarginate and red at tip. Pronotum pubescent, two glabrous areas
near base distinct, median line depressed near base. Elytra punctate, base gla-
brous. Median line of mesoscutellum not furrowed, smooth and elevated. Tergites
pubescent, second tergite smooth, first pubescent with glabrous area in middle,
third tergite pubescent on sides only. Seventh tergite with smooth areas on both
sides. Pygidium (eighth tergite) pubescent with dorsal margin smooth. Legs
short and compact, very robust, first segment of hind tarsus very short and thick,
about as long as fourth segment, obliquely truncate and emarginate, tips lobate.

Length 4 mm.

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 47

Monotype.—Male; Rio Balsas, (Wickham). Mexico.. [Museum
of Comparative Zoology.]

Group scaber

I. Pygidium in the female entirely brown or dark brown.................. 2
Pygidium in the female entirely, or for the greatest part yellow.......... 4
2. First tergite only with brown median spot; the rest are entirely yellow.
: neomexicanus
Three or four tergites with brown median spots....................000+ B
3. First segment of hind tarsus elevated, truncate, and shorter than all others
combined. Species so far taken in Nebraska only................ solidaginis
First segment of hind tarsus less elevated, about as long as fourth segment.
So far taken only in New Mexico and Colorado....................... scaber
4. Tip of pygidium brown, first segment of hind tarsus shorter than all others
EOMAISTAGAl 5:155'S eo woutho-Slovalgh Eanes ENDER GSC EU Stole ITO OAH GISTs Race een eee mem ge semiflavus
Entire pygidium yellow, first segment of hind tarsus delicate, and although
truncate and emarginate, very little thicker, and distinctly longer than fourth.
nomiae
Rhipiphorus scaber (Leconte)
1852. Mvyodites scaber Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, p. 67.
1855. Myodites scaber Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 17.
1865. Mvyodites scaber Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., xvit, p. 96.
1880. Mvyodites scaber Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vil, p. 210.
1892. Mvyodites scaber Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xrx, p. 48.
1904. Mvyodites scaber Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr., Iv, p. 183.
1920. Mvyodites scaber Pierce, Ent. News, XXXI, pp. 278 and 280.

Rh. scaber is very similar to Rh. solidaginis Pierce, and it is
hard to separate the two. Pierce distinguished them by various
characteristics but his comparison was made with a female
“supposedly” of the species scaber Leconte, and some noteworthy
errors enter into his comparison. In the first place, Rh. scaber
has brown-black spots on the tergites the same as Rh. solidagints,
and the pygidium of both is very similar. The only distinct
difference which may be observed is in the hind tarsi, and since
it would be practically impossible to separate the two from
description only, it was advisable to place the figures of the tarsi
beside each other for comparison. In addition, the fact that Rh.
solidaginis so far has been collected only in the salt basin in Ne-
braska and scaber only in the arid regions of Arizona, Colorado
and New Mexico may be of assistance in separating them.

Head and thorax black. Abdomen yellow; first segment, one spot on each of

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

48 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

the following two or three tergites, pygidium and legs dark reddish-brown, tarsi
paler. Elytra pale yellow, apical half of wings brownish, tips hyaline.

Head punctate, pubescent. Vertex rounded, finely punctate, epicranial suture
slightly distinct, two distinct tubercles in front, one at base of each antennae with a
deep excavation between the two, clypeus slightly emarginate. Antennae of female
10 segmented, about the length of head from vertex to clypeus; brownish, with the
base of first process yellowish. Pronotum broadly rounded at tip, gradually
tapering toward front, densely punctate and pubescent, with distinct narrow
median line which broadens on disc into a small glabrous area, and with two small
glabrous areas on each side. Elytra finely, indistinctly punctate. Abdomen
finely punctured and sparsely pubescent, pygidium gradually tapering toward tip,
about as long as broad, coarsely and uniformly punctate, with two very small
concave smooth areas on sides. First segment of hind tarsus longer, slightly
thicker than the others, obliquely truncate and emarginate at apex.

Length, 9 mm.

Holotype-—Female; New Mexico? (Woodhouse). [Leconte Col-
lection. |]

Plesiotype-—Female; Littleton, Colorado, June. [Frost Col-
lection. ]

Distribution.—Leconte described the species from one female
specimen collected by Dr. Woodhouse, probably along Zuni River
Creek boundary between New Mexico and Arizona. The fol-
lowing are his remarks about this species.

““A very imperfect specimen from the Creek boundary, which
is distinguished from another Southern species having a yellow
abdomen, by its much larger size, more punctured head and
thorax, and immaculate black feet. I am inclined to believe that
the color of the abdomen is a sexual character as in the European
M. subdipterus.”’

The locality indicated is probably along the Zuni River as we
learn from the account of Dr. Woodhouse himself. The type
is in poor condition and lacks the antennae. The specimen before
me from Littleton, Colorado, agrees perfectly with the type in
the Leconte Collection except that the epicranial suture is not dis-
tinct as in the type. The description above was made from
the type and from the above-mentioned specimen. Another
female in the U. S. National Museum from LaCruces, New Mexico,
Sept., agrees well with the description.

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 49

Rhipiphorus solidaginis (Pierce)

1902. Mvyodites solidaginis Pierce, Can. Ent., XXXIV, p. 293.

1904. Mvyodites solidaginis Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr., p. 183.

1905. Mvyodites sohidaginis Silvestri, Redia, 11, p. 323.

1920. Mvyodites solidaginis Pierce, Ent. News, XXX1, pp. 278 and 280.

Male black, antennae, elytra and legs yellow; tips of antennae and joints be-
tween tibia and femora fuscous. Female—head and thorax black, thorax, often
black-brown, abdomen reddish yellow; spots on tergites and pygidium brown,
often red brown; femora and tibia brown, although the latter may be variegated
with yellow, tarsi yellow brown, antennae brownish, first process yellowish. Vertex
broadly rounded, finely punctate, pubescent, frons coarsely punctate and slightly
concave between the eyes, clypeus finely punctate. Antennae 10-segmented,
processes subequal. Pronotum broadly rounded and slightly truncate at base,
coarsely and densely punctate and pubescent. Median carina at basal half
and two smooth glabrous areas on either side. Distance between the two posterior
areas equal to about half that between the anterior ones. Elytra irregularly
punctate; scutellum punctate, divided by a median carina. Abdomen finely and
sparsely punctate, second and third tergites smooth and glabrous. Pygidium of
female and also the seventh tergite of male densely and coarsely punctate with
two glabrous areas on both sides of center. First segment of hind tarsus elevated
obliquely, truncate and emarginate at tip, as long as last segment.

Length, 9 to 10 mm.

Holotype-—Male; Lincoln, Nebraska, July 29. [U.S. National
Museum, No. 8254].

Allotype-—Female; Lincoln, Nebraska, July 29. [U.S. National
Museum.]

Distribution.—Pierce records this species from: Nebraska:—
Pine Ridge, July; Lincoln, July 29, August 30; West Point, Aug. 3.
The Holotype, Allotype and several paratypes upon which these
records are based are in the collection of the U. S. National
Museum; paratypes are also in the Casey Collection and in the
Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
In addition to these, specimens were examined as follows:

NEBRASKA: ‘‘Neb.,”’ [Schaeffer Colln.], [Leng Colln.], [Palm Colln.], [A. M. N. H.].
Lincoln (Salt Basin), [Notman Colln.], Aug. 22, (Shoemaker), [Leng Colln.].

The only localities this species has been taken in, are Salt
Basin in Nebraska or similar topographic places. The restriction
of this species to this locality is due to the fact that its host,
Epinomia triangulifera Vachel, is very abundant in those locali-
ties. Pierce explains also that the abundance of the species may
be due to the fact that the host makes its nest in the neighborhood

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

50 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

of the plant upon which the triunguloid larvae feed in their
earlier stages.

Rhipiphorus neomexicanus new species.

Rh. neomexicanus is closely allied to Rh. scaber and Rh. soli-
daginis. The male of neomexicanus may be distinguished from
solidaginis in having the smooth areas on the tergites larger and
more distinct, and the seventh tergite larger and opaque. The
female of this species may be distinguished in having all tergites,
except first two, without brown median spots. In addition, the
segments of the hind tarsus differ as is shown in Plate IV, figs.
LOW lh vanG #2.

Male entirely black, legs, antennae and elytra yellow, tips of femora and tibia
with a brownish tinge, tips of rami slightly fuscous. Vertex elevated and acute,
frons flat and punctate with a small excavation between the bases of antennae,
clypeus broadly truncate. Pronotum rounded at base, depressed on both sides
to produce a median carina near base, entire surface is regularly punctate, with
two small glabrous areas on each side of the carina. The distance between the
two posterior areas is about half the distance of the two anterior areas. Elytra
very finely and sparsely punctate. The second tergite and the anterior portion
of third tergite glabrous, other tergites pubescent with two distinct smooth areas
on the sides. The seventh tergite as broad as the two preceding together, and the
smooth areas very distinct and larger than those in the other tergites. First
segment of hind tarsus as long as third and fourth together, obliquely truncate
and emarginate at tip.

Female head and thorax black or brownish-black. Abdomen reddish-yellow,
femora brown, tibia and tarsi yellowish-brown; pygidium in greatest part brown
with a yellowish tinge in the center. Elytra yellowish hyaline; wings with a smoky
band in the middle. Vertex less elevated than in male, more rounded and with
distinct occipital suture.

Length, 7 to 8.5 mm.

Holotype-—Male; Albuquerque, (River plain), New Mexico,
August, 1921 (Rehn and Hebard). [Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia, No. 8135].

Allotype-—Female; same data as type. [Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia.]

Distribution.—Besides the type and allotype there is a female
(paratype) in Leng’s Collection also from Albuquerque.

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 51

Rhipiphorus semiflavus (Leconte)

1865. Myodites semiflavus Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Xvi, p. 97.
1880. Myodites semiflavus Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XIx, p. 210.
1892. Myodites semiflavus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XIx, p. 48.

1904. Mvyodites semiflavus Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr., Iv, p. 161.

1920. Myodites semiflavus Pierce, Ent. News, XXXI, p. 278.

“Black, finely less densely punctate, vertex obtuse, conical, apex, without carina;
base of thorax round without dorsal median line; elytra shining, smooth on sides;
humeral celli slightly dark, obscure, abdomen yellow, sparsely finely punctate,
apex piceous, legs testaceous variegated. .30.

““Maryland, one specimen given by Rev. J. G. Morris. The antennae are want-
ing, the anterior feet are entirely testaceous with the base of the thighs dusky;
the middle thighs are dusky, and the tibia and tarsi testaceous; the hind feet are
entirely dusky, the wings have a broad smoky band near the tip.”

Length, 7.5 mm.

Type-—Female; Maryland. [Leconte Collection.]

The above is a translation of the original description by Leconte,
and his remarks. The type is indeed a poor specimen, and no
additional notes were made from it. I had no specimens that
were conspecific with it and also in the collections loaned to me
later on, I find nothing that agrees with this description.

Rhipiphorus nomiae new species

This species may be distinguished from the others of this
group in having the first segment of the hind tarsus thick and
long as the fourth, but obliquely truncate and emarginate at
tip. In addition the female is of a chocolate brown, the pygidium
is entirely yellow and, in general, the species is much smaller
and more delicate than the others.

Male. Head and thorax black, abdomen brownish-black. Antennae straw
yellow, tips brown; legs yellow, coxa both ends of femora and tibia brownish. Elytra
hyaline-yellow with a brownish tinge at base. Vertex prominent, with a carina
and a distinct excavation. Pronotum punctate, sides not pubescent, disc sparsely

so; base slightly truncate, with two depressions in front of it, elytra broad, punctate
on sides; seventh tergite roughly punctate opaque, with two round smooth areas
onside. Pygidium finer and denser punctate and opaque. Wings with a brownish
tinge behind middle near costa. Hind tarsus with first segment slender and
slightly longer than fourth, but shorter than all segments combined; it is very
little stouter than the others but obliquely truncate and emarginate at tip.

Female differs from the male in color. Head and thorax chocolate brown.
Abdomen and the pygidium entirely yellow. Wings more brownish; in one female
entirely brown. Legs brown, with tarsi partly yellowish. Antennae 10-segmented;
8 rami short, subequal in length. Vertex less prominent, but with epicranial
suture; pygidium almost uniformly distinctly punctate.

Length, 6 mm.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

52 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Holotype-—Male; Selma, Alabama, (Hubbard and Schwarz).
[U. S. N. M., No. 41865.]

Allotype-—Female; Selma, Alabama, (Hubbard and Schwarz).
WO, So No MCs

Paratypes.—One female with same data as type; [U. S. N. M.].
One female; ‘‘Ala,’’ (C. F. Baker). [U.S. N. M.].

Regarding the specimens upon which this species is based, we
may note a report by Dr. Leconte” as follows: “Mr. Schwarz
collected at Selma, Alabama, a species of Mvyodites, Parasitic
on Nomia nevadensis Cresson. The abdomen in the female is
yellow, and in the male black.’’ This female is the allotype of
Rh. nomiae, and has a label of Dr. Schwarz, indicating its para-
sitism upon Nomia. From this label we learn also, that the name
‘‘ Myodites nomee”’ was given to this species, but was not published.
I retain, therefore, this name. Upon investigation, Mr. H. S.
Barber found that the specimen of Nomia which Dr. Schwarz
collected, and upon which the report by Leconte was based, has
since become the type of Noma pattont Cockerell.

Group viereckt
Rhipiphorus vierecki (Fall)
1907. Myodites vierecki Fall, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXXI, p. 259.
1920. Mvyodites vierecki, Pierce, Ent. News. XXXI, p. 279.
1920. Myodites knausi Pierce, Ent. News. XXXI, p. 279.

Female: Head and thorax black or brownish-black. Pronotum black or dark
brown, with sides and base light brown or yellowish, or entirely black but ex-
treme margins with a trace of yellow. Elytra yellow with extreme base brownish.
Abdomen straw yellow. The following parts in abdomen are dark brown or
black; first five tergites, tip of pygidium, first five pleurites, fourth, fifth, sixth
and seventh sternites, especially at their median area. Legs pale yellow, joints
brown. Head finely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Vertex rounded, nor carinate,
frons, slightly concave in middle with slight convex areas on sides of this concavity.
Antennae I1I-segmented, about as long as head, rami very long, diminishing in
length toward apex. First ramus about half the length of the entire antennae,
last ramus as long as the three preceding segments together. Pronotum smooth and
glabrous on disc, sparsely punctate and pubescent on sides and front, more closely
punctate at base. Disc of pronotum with a distinct concavity in middle and
two behind it near base. Base broadly rounded, slightly emarginate at tip.
Meso-scutellum glabrous in middle and densely pubescent on both sides. Abdomen
very sparsely pubescent, punctation almost indistinct. Pygidium longer than

2 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vu, Proc., p. XXIII.

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 53

broad, dorsal angles usually depressed, otherwise entirely convex. First segment
of hind tarsus slightly shorter than all others combined, straight, and obliquely trun-
cate at apex.

Male: “Length, 9 mm. Similar to the female, with the following exceptions:
antennae honey-yellow, bi-flabellate, with the tips of the rami about even. The
abdomen is black with the base and apex of the first ventral segment yellow, and
the prepygidial area yellow, but with the pgyidium black.”

Length, 9 to 11 mm.

Type—Female; Florence, Arizona. [Fall Collection.]

Distribution.—Fall records the species from Alamogordo, New
Mexico, and Florence, Arizona. Pierce records it from St.
George, Utah, June 10, 1919, altitude 2800 feet, and Hurricane,
June 14 at altitude 3200. (Knaus). The specimens examined
by the author were as follows:

Eight paratypes of Vierecki Fall, all females, Alamogordo, New
Mexico, May-April, and Florence, Arizona, May, in the collection
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and one
female paratype of Myodites Knausi Pierce, in the Mason Col-
lection, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Variation.—The descriptions of both Fall and Pierce show
that Rh. vierecki Fall, and Rh. knaust Pierce are one species.
The paratypes examined also show that both authors described
the same species. Rh. viereckt Fall, because of its priority,
should be considered the proper name, and Rh. knausi a synonym.
Pierce, in his key (1920), distinguishes the two by the character-
istics of the males; he knew the male of his species but did not
know the male of the species Fall described and his distinction
between the two therefore is very obscure. Pierce, in his descrip-
tion, states also that the female antennae are ten segmented
with nine rami, in other words, the second segment is in this
case with a process. As far as the present writer knows, having
studied this genus and allied genera and families, such can not
be the case; as a matter of fact, the antennae of the female viereckz
has eleven segments, the second being very small, closely united
to the first and therefore inconspicuous. In cases where the
female of a Rhipiphorus has only ten segments, it is the last one
that disappears. Rh. vierecki has longer antennal rami than the
other allied species; in addition to this it may be distinguished
from the others by the color, shape of pygidium, and hind tarsi.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

54 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Group popenoet

1. Tergites brownish, with distinct carina. Female not known............ rex
Tergites as well as sternites reddish-yellow....................2.-.005- 2
2. lyitha ohUuSCOUSsexeerane enn ie Seema ec SiO OCR Eres flaviventris
Dlytrayred-yellowas rono tim shinin gan aes eeee eee aee tice 3

3. Pronotum black, pygidium of female brown-black. (Male not known).
laevicollis
Pronotum with reddish tinge along sides. Pygidium of female red-yellow.
popenoei

Rhipiphorus popenoei (Leconte)

1880. Mvyodites popenoei Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 210.
1892. Mvyodites popenoei Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xIx, p. 48.
1904. Mvyodites popenoei Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr., Iv, p. 161.

1920. Mvyodites popenoei Pierce, Ent. News, XXXI, p. 278.

Head, thorax, anterior part of pronotum, sides and median line, as well as
median line at tip of pygidium brownish black or brown. Otherwise red-yellow.
Legs yellow, coxae and proximal end of femora brown. Vertex rounded, front
with distinct median excavation in front of vertex. Clypeus yellowish, emarginate
and shining. Maxillary palpi yellow. Antennae of female brownish-black,
slightly pale at base, rami subequal, and moderately long. Pronotum finely
punctured at base, very sparsely along lateral margins, glabrous on disc where
there is a distinct excavated median line. Base broadly rounded and but little
broader than anterior margin. Elytra punctured, but smooth along humeri.

Length, 8.5 mm.

Type.—Female; Colorado. [Leconte Collection.]

Allo-plesiotype-—Male; Palmerlee, Arizona, August, (N. Banks).
[Leng Collection. |

The above description was made from the type in the Leconte
Collection. The male in the Leng Collection, agrees very well
with the above description and the type. It differs, however,
in the following: The pronotum is entirely black with a reddish
tinge at hind angles. Hind femora dnd part of hind tibia brown-
ish-black, otherwise legs and tarsi as described above. Pygidium
(8th tergite) black, two spots on the 7th tergite and first sternite
brownish. In addition to the above, the following should be
mentioned: Antennae with rami curled longer than head, and
blackish-brown. First segment of hind tarsi thicker than the
others, obliquely truncate and emarginate, and as long as the
two following, together; second segment slightly shorter than
fourth.

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 55)

Rhipiphorus flaviventris (Champion)
1891. Rhipidophorus flaviventris Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 361.
This species, according to Champion, may be separated from
Rh. rex by having its tergites yellow, and from popenoeit and
laevicollis by having piceous elytra.
“Length, 8% mm. ().”
Type-—Male; Cerro Zunil, Guatemala. [British Museum.]

Rhipiphorus laevicollis (Champion)
1891. Rhipidophorus laevicollis Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 360.

From the original description it would seem that this species
is nearly related to Rh. popenoet, but may be separated by the
color of thorax, which, according to Champion, is entirely black,
while tinged with red in popenoet and by other minor character-
istics stated in the descriptions.

“Length, 9 mm.”’

Type.—Female; Mexico. [British Museum.]

Rhipiphorus rex (Champion)
1891. Rhipidophorus rex Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col. Iv, pt. 2, p. 360.
This species may be separated from the other allied species by
its carinate tergites.
length, 10 min.’
Holotype—Mexico. [British Museum.]

Group aurantus

Rhipiphorus aurantus new species

Rh. aurantus differs from Rh. mutchlert and Rh. simplex in
having no markings along the abdominal segments; from the
other species that have a reddish-yellow abdomen, it may be
separated by the form of the hind tarsus and the antennae.

Very robust. Head and prothorax black, abdomen red-yellow, first tergite
brown, pygidium red-yellow with the apex and an arched line projecting toward
dorsum brownish, legs brown, tarsi yellowish-brown, wings smoky. Vertex
broadly rounded, slightly carinate, closely punctate; frons concave, coarsely
punctate above, convex and finer punctate below. Clypeus broadly rounded, with
slight emargination. Antennae short, 10 segmented, rami long, 1.5 subequal,
from 5 to 8 reducing in length. Pronotum finely and uniformly punctate, median
line distinct and more depressed and broad on middle disc, no distinct glabrous
areas on the sides of it. Scutellum bi-lobed, a median carina dividing it into

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

56 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

two distinctly concave and finely punctate areas. Elytra broad at base, narrowly
rounded at apex, sutural margin emarginate. Sides of metascutum sparsely
punctate, abdomen broad, sides parallel, first tergite finely punctate. Second
tergite smooth and glabrous, others coarsely punctate with a small smooth glabrous
area on each side and in the middle. Under surface of thorax and abdomen punc-
tate and pubescent. Pygidium coarsely punctate with two concave smooth glabrous
areas in the middle. Legs comparatively short and strong, hind tibia slightly
curved and distinctly longer than tarsus. First segment of hind tarsus about as
long as all others together, very little thicker, but distinctly truncate and emargi-
nate at tip.

Length, 10 mm.

Monotype-——Female; Tarrant Co., Texas, Aug. 17, 1902
(Hooker). [U. S. National Museum, No. 41864.]

The hind tarsi of this species are of a form which may be con-
sidered as an intermediate stage between those which have the
first segment broad, short, and obliquely truncate; and those
which have the first segment as long as all others combined.
In this case the first segment of the hind tarsus is broad and
obliquely truncate at apex, but is as long as all the others com-
bined.

Group californicus

1. Main color of abdomen brown, tergites and sternites with yellowish tinge.

californicus

Main color of abdomen yellow with brownish markings.................. 2

2. First tergites with brown markings, last tergites and main color of pygidium
yellowamVialeinotiknowiheie eee ernie nee iter mutchleri
Last tergites and pygidium brown, first tergites yellow............ simplex

Rhipiphorus californicus (Leconte)

1880. Mvyodites californicus Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, pp. 210-211.
1892. Myodites californicus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., x1x, p. 48.

1904. Mvyodites californicus Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr. Iv, p. 162.

1920. Mvyodites californicus Pierce, Ent. News, XXXI, p. 278.

Leconte, in his description of the species, has failed to mention
that the dorsal segments of the abdomen are yellowish. This
characteristic, although it varies in individuals, helps to identify
it, and distinguish it from other allied species.

Head and thorax black or brown-black, elytra entirely yellow, abdomen brown,
ventral segments paler, dorsal segments yellowish. Head pubescent, vertex
conic, front flat or slightly concave, antennae 10-segmented, dark brown, pectinate,

shorter than head, rami compact and decreasing in length toward apex. Pronotum
broad and rounded at base, punctate, pubescent, with smooth areas on both sides

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 57

of distinct median line. Elytra finely, very sparsely punctate. Wings hyaline,
very faintly fasciate; abdomen shining, sparsely and finely pubescent; pygidium
very shining, finely punctate and pubescent along margins. Legs brown, tarsi
fuscous; first segment of hind tarsi as long as all others combined.

Length, 5 to 6.5 mm.

Holotype-——Female. California. [Leconte Collection.]

Alloplesiotype-—Male; California. [Schaeffer Collection. ]

Distribution.—This species is found along the Pacific Coast.
There is one female in the Leng Collection from Soda Springs,
Washington. The male specimen in the Schaeffer Collection
agrees very well with the type of californicus in color and form
and is no doubt its male. It has the vertex more pointed, middle
and hind femora and hind tibia pale brown, front legs and all
tarsi and antennae straw yellow, thorax dark brown; this male
was taken in California. There is one specimen (Homotype) in
the Leconte Collection which is placed alongside the type of Rh.
nevadicus, and labeled “‘nevadicus’’ but is without doubt wrongly
determined, as upon examination and comparison I find this
specimen to be a true californicus. It was taken in Washington
Territory.

Rhipiphorus mutchleri new species

The nearest ally of this species is Rh. californicus. It differs
from that in having the dominant color of the abdomen yellow,
whereas in californicus it is brown:.the tibiae of Rh. mutchleri are
curved and broad; and in general it is a larger species than Rh.
californicus.

Head and thorax black, abdomen and elytra yellowish-red, legs, tip of pygidium
and some small areas along dorsal margins of sternites and spots on first two or three
tergites brownish-black; front legs and all tarsi yellow, legs otherwise brownish.
Head punctate, sparsely pubescent, vertex rounded, punctate, with suture or
small carina; front slightly concave, clypeus truncate or slightly emarginate.
Antennae 10-segmented, short, pectinate, rami decreasing in length toward apex.
Pronotum punctate, with smooth median line and two shining areas on each
side, base broadly rounded. Elytra broad, entirely yellow, shining, finely punc-
tate. Wings hyaline, with smoky band along the middle. Pygidium broad, tri-
angular, punctate along sides, smooth and usually concave in middle, although
this concavity may be obsolete. First segment of hind tarsus as long as the
others combined and slightly thicker than the others.

Length, 6 to 7.5 mm.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

58 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Holotype—Female, Ormsby County, Nevada, July, (Baker).
[American Museum of Natural History.]

Distribution—The description was made from five females
collected by Baker, Ormsby Co., Nevada. Four of these, in-
cluding the Holotype, are from the Charles Palm Collection,
American Museum of Natural History. One is in the U. S.
National Museum, Washington, No. 41866, and one female in the
Schaeffer Collection labeled “Cal.”’ ‘

Variation.—The amount of brownish-black along the dorsal
margin of the sternites varies in the individuals. In some the
spots are confluent with each other. In others they are small.
In some individuals only the first two tergites have brown patches
while in others four or five are marked with brown. The color
of the legs is not of great specific value since it varies in individual
specimens.

It gives me much pleasure to name this species in honor of
Mr. Andrew J. Mutchler who has always been ready to offer
helpful suggestions and advice regarding this paper in the course
of its preparation.

Rhipiphorus simplex (Champion)
1891. Rhipidophorus simplex Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 263.

This species may be distinguished from Rh. mutchleri by its
brown pygidium and brown patches on the last tergite. In Rh.
mutchlert the pygidium is in great part yellow, and the first
tergites are with brown spots, the latter being entirely yellow.

Head and prothorax black, abdomen reddish-yellow, pygidium, entire 6th tergite
and small patches on other tergites brownish; elytra yellow with extreme base and
small patch at apex brownish-yellow, femora, tips of middle and hind tibia dark
brown, apical half of front femora and tibia with basal halves of middle and hind tibia
and tarsi yellowish, antennae yellowish-brown. Wings hyaline-yellow, sub-
costa brown-black, with smoky area at its end. Vertex very slightly elevated,
its anterior face distinctly excavated, frons very finely punctured and pubescent.
Antennae 10-segmented, shorter than head and twisted, rami short and subequal
in length. Pronotum finely pubescent, with a median line at its anterior half,
and one oblique glabrous area on either side of disc near the middle, and one on
either side of disc near the base; the distance between the two posterior areas
slightly smaller than that between the anterior ones. Elytra finely punctate, their
apices shining. Thorax beneath finely and densely pubescent, abdomen more
sparsely so. Pygidium ‘“‘heart-shaped,” concave, shining, very sparsely pubescent,

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 59

indistinctly punctate. Hind tibia longer than tarsus, first segment of hind tarsus
straight, as long as others combined and slightly thicker.

Length, 6.5 mm.

Type-—Female; Ventannes in Durango, Mexico, (Forrer).
[British Museum. ]

Plesiotype —Female; La Providencia Obispo, Guatemala, (M.
Ronillard). [U.S. National Museum.]

The above description was made from the plesiotype in the
U. S. National Museum.

Variation —Two females in the Schaeffer Collection collected
in Brownsville, Texas, agree in all respects with the description
and the specimen from Guatemala but differ as follows: The
abdomen is yellow but the following parts are brown; pygidium,
6th and 5th tergite in their entire width, a broad patch on the
fourth tergite, sides of last two sternites and in one of them a
small spot on third tergite. Legs are usually darker, wings with
a smoky band along the entire width, and base of elytra reddish-
brown.

Group fasciatus
To WWES” GaNGR7 5.5 o:¢ ce oo bin 6 5, Si WO eeoe OD ORC CN RCCICRS ERC Cansei ctn on Onn Sila ee eter 2
WIDE INSENINS on 5 o/ocld bes 04.6.0 5.09 OD ae Cae ONE NCEE neo Porciiore enn nene os eae 5

2. Wings smoky brown to the tip; elytra for greatest part blackish; vertex elevated.
zeschi and schwarzi

WMwimnesihyalinemwathismolkysbandeanne sess occas oes ance eee. 3
3. Elytra piceous, abdomen with yellowish membrane between first tergites. . niger
alyincy ello wemee eee yar triacs haiers aim vg die singe aul ulin ema eleras ee 4
Ape hotrarentinelyzyellOWrie ccc oan Ge ace assests eeee Ge mle ee ale tuberculatus
Phy iramyellowsmbases darks browMey ear aaess soo sese ees aces ae fasciatus
5. Elytra piceous with yellowish markings...... washi, hyalinus and stylopides
Elytra yellow—with small brownish spot..................... iridescens

Rhipiphorus hyalinus (Champion)

1891. Rhipidophorus hyalinus Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 363.
Champion remarks upon this as follows: ‘‘ This is much smaller

than any of the other species here described, and is readily separ-

13 In this group are included those species in which both sexes are entirely brown or
black. Although the author has studied the types of Leconte, and has examined
several specimens, he feels uncertain about the validity of the species included in this
group. He, therefore, leaves the entire group unaltered, until further study may throw
more light upon it. The key is based upon the description, since most of the species
included were not available for examination nor could be identified from the. original
description.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

60 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

able from all of them by its hyaline wings. The vertex has a
short compressed tubercle in the middle. The head is exceedingly
broad. The rami of the antennae are very slender. R. hyalinus
agrees in some respects with Leconte’s description™ of the North-
American R. stylopides (Newm.), but it is evidently distinct from
that species.”’
“Length, 234 mm.’
Type-—Cordova, Mexico. [British Museum.]

b]

Rhipiphorus iridescens new species

This species differs from hyalinus, the pronotum having no
median line and being differently sculptured; also the elytra in
Rh. iridescens are yellowish while brownish in hyalinus. It differs
from stylopides in color of elytra and from walshi and others in
size, color of elytra and color of wings.

Blackish; antennae fuscous, elytra pale with base and patch at sutural margin
near apex brownish, femora brownish, tibia and tarsi slightly paler. Wings
hyaline, iridescent; costa hyaline, or slightly fuscous.

Frons flat, vertex small, acute, and tuberculate, with small erect whitish hair.
Clypeus slightly emarginate. Pronotum roughly punctate with two oblique,
smooth areas on the sides, connected with each other on the disc. Base rounded
and slightly truncate. Elytra rounded at apex, punctate on sides only. Tergites,
with the exception of first and second and part of third, roughly punctate, with very
short hair. 7th tergite with two small depressions but not smooth; pygidium
(8th tergite in the male) smooth and glabrous on dorsal margin, punctate and clad
with erect pubescent. Hind tarsus with first segment as long as the others com-
bined, thin and straight.

Female like male; differs from it only in secondary sexual characteristics as
follows: Vertex less prominent but carinate; antennae 10-segmented, with 8 rami.
Third ramus slightly longer than others, the last three are fused, pygidium (7th
tergite in female) elongate, acutely rounded, concave and smooth in center.

Length, 4 mm.

Holotype.—Male; ElPaso, Texas, July 11, 1917, (Jos. Bequaert).
[American Museum of Natural History.]

Allotopotype——Female; same data as holotype. [American
Museum of Natural History.]

4 Proc. Acad. Phil. xvii. p. 97.

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 61

Rhipiphorus walshi (Leconte)

1865. Ayodites walshi Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, p. 97.
1880. Myodites walshi Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VIII, p. 210.

1892. Mvyodites walshi Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XIx, p. 48.

1904. Mvyodites walshi Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr., Iv. p. 162.

1920. Mvyodites walshi Pierce, Ent. News, XXXI, p. 278.

Antennal rami little curled and slightly darker at apex. Median line slightly
distinct at base, and in addition to the two larger oblique smooth areas on both
sides of disc, there are two smaller glabrous areas near base; two such areas are
also on each of the tergites from the fifth to the seventh. The first tergite is
entirely smooth, while the second to sixth have a smooth glabrous area in the middle
The mesoscutellum is rugulose and with a distinct median carina; the elytra are
rather finely rugulose and not punctate, base fuscous, apex amber yellow with a
fuscous spot.

Length, 5 mm.

Holotype-—Male; Illinois. [Leconte Collection.]

Distribution.—Ulinois, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina.

I have before me one male from Hewitt, New Jersey, which
agrees very well with the type. The above additional description
is made from this Homotype:

Rhipiphorus stylopides (Newman)

1838. Myodites stylopides Newman, Ent. Mag., v, p. 376.

1880. Myodites stylopides Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VIII, p. 210.
1892. Mvyodites stylopides Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p. 48.
1904. Mvyodites stylopides Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr., Iv, p. 162.

1920. Myodites stylopides, Pierce, Ent. News, XXXI, p. 278.

Many different specimens from different localities agree with
the short description of Newman, and it is hard to say which is
the true stylopides.

Length, 3.5 mm.

Type——Unknown; Alton, Illinois.

Rhipiphorus tuberculatus (Champion)
1891. Rhipidophorus tuberculatus Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2,

p- 362.

Champion remarks upon this species as follows: ‘‘This species
differs from all the others here described by the strongly raised,
very stout, blunt tubercle on the vertex in the male sex, this
tubercle being replaced in the female by an angular elevation.
The abdomen is thickly and finely punctured. The angular
elevation on the vertex of the female will easily distinguish R.
tuberculatus from the same sex of the closely allied R. simplex;
the latter, moreover, has an angular prominence beneath the point

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

62 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

of insertion of each antenna, of which there is no trace in R.
tuberculatus.””’

“Length, 4% to5% mm. (@ @.)”’

Holotype-—Male; Atoyac in Vera Cruz, Mexico. [British
Museum. ]

Allotopotype-—Female. [British Museum.]

Rhipiphorus niger (Waterhouse)

1875. Myodites niger Waterhouse, Cist. Ent., 1, p. 369.

1891. Rhipidophorus niger Champion, Biol. Cent.-Am., Col., Iv, pt. 2, p. 369.
“Length, 544 mm.”’
Type.—Female; Duefias, Panzos, Guatemala, [British Museum.]
Plesiotype-—Male; Orizaba, Mexico, (Champion). [British

Museum. |]

Rhipiphorus zeschi (Leconte)

1880. Mvyodites zeschi Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VMI, pp. 210-211.
1881. Mvyodites zeschi Leconte, Bull. Buff. Soc., Iv, p. 28.

1892. Mvyodites zeschi Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., x1x, p. 48.

1904. Mvyodites zeschi Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr. Iv, p. 162.

1920. Mvyodites zeschi Pierce, Ent. News, XXXI, p. 278.

Leconte expressed his opinion that this may be the male of Rh.
schwarzt, and he described it as a new species only because of the
distant locality it was taken in. Later authors sank this in
synonymy with Rh. schwarzi. I do not know whether this is
justified or not; the best way this may be settled is by comparing
two that were caught 7 coito and see whether they agree with
the types of Leconte. I therefore consider this as a valid species
for the present.

Length, 6.5 mm.

Type.—Male; Buffalo, New York. [Leconte Collection.]

Rhipiphorus schwarzi (Leconte)

1880. Mvyodites schwarzi Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VIII, pp. 210-211 and
Proc., p. XXIII.

1892. Mvyodites schwarzi Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XIX, p. 48.
1904. Mvyodites schwarzi Pierce, Stud. Univ. Neb. tv, p. 162.
1920. Mvyodites schwarzi Pierce, Ent. News, XxXxXI, p. 278.

The best characteristics to distinguish this from walshi are as
follows: schwarzi has the elytra entirely blackish-brown with a
reddish patch near the suture, while walshi has the base only

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 63

blackish. The wings in schwarzi are smoky black to the apex,
whereas they are hyaline, slightly smoky, in walshi. In general
this latter is a smaller and more delicate species.

Length, 6 mm.

Type.—Male; Sumter County, Florida, [Leconte Collection.]

One female (Homotype) from Monticello, Florida, in the col-
lection of the American Museum of Natural History, agrees very
well with the type.

Host recorded.—Augochlora pura Say.

Rhipiphorus fasciatus (Say)
1823. Dorthesia fasciata Say, Jour. Acad. Phila., 111, p. 274.
1855. Mvyodites fasciatus Gerstacker, Rhipiph. Col. Fam., p. 17.
1880. Myodites fasciatus Leconte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VIII, p. 210.
1892. Myodites fasciatus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XIx, p. 48.
1904. Mvyodites fasciatus Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr., Iv, p. 162.
1920. Mvyodites fasciatus Pierce, Ent. News., XXX, p. 278.
variety:
1904. Mvyodites fasciatus brunea Pierce, Stud. Univ. Nebr., Iv, p. 162.

In the collections the author has studied, various specimens
bear the Jabel ‘‘ M. fasciatus Say,’’ but it is still a question as to
which of those is the real species of Say described from “ Mis-
souri.”’

Length, 8 mm.

Doubtful Species

Rhipiphorus flavicornis Say
1823. Dorthesia flavicornia Say, Jour. Acad. Phil., m1, p. 274.

“Black, antennae bright yellow, elytra dark piceous with a common pale spot.
Pa.”

Rhipiphorus americanus Guérin
1835. Mvyodites americanus Guérin, Gen. Ins., fasc. I, n. 2, t. 2.

“Nigra, scabra, parce pilosa; os ferruginea elytrorum apicis albidii; metolae
hyaline iridescentes, costa fusca. N. Am.”

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

64 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

BIBLIOGRAPHY
CATALOGUES

Csixk1, E, 1913...Rhipiphoridae, Coleopterum Catalogus, W. Junk, pp. I-29.

Dejyean, P. F. M. A., 1834...Catalogue des Coléoptéres, 1833 edition, Rhipi-
phoridae, p. 217.

GEMMINGER, Max, AND EDGAR VON HAROLD, 1868-1876. ..Catalogus Coleoptero-
rum.

Fatt, H. C. anp T. D. A. COCKERELL, 1907...The Coleoptera of New Mexico.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Society, XXXI, pp. 145-271.

LENG, C. W., 1920...Catalogue of the Coleoptera of North America North of
Mexico, pp. 1-470.

Lene, C. W., anp A. J. MUTCHLER, 1927...Supplement to Catalogue of the
Coleoptera of North America North of Mexico, pp. 1-78.

MELSHEIMER, F. V., 1806...Catalogue of the Insects of Pennsylvania, Coleop-
tera, pp. I-66.

TAXONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL LITERATURE

BarBER, H. S., 1915...Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Xvul, p. 187-188.
Bosc p’AntTic, L. A. G., 1792. ..Journal Hist. Nat. 1, p. 293.
CASTELNAU, F. L., 1840...Histoire Naturelle Insects, Coléoptéres, 11, p. 261.
CHAMPION, G. C., 1889-93 (1891)... Biologia Centrali-Americana, Coleoptera, Iv,
pt. 2, pp. 250-264.
CuEvro at, A., 1877... Bull. Soc. Ent. France, p. IX.
Fasrictus, J. C., 1775...Systema Entomologiae, p. 262.
1781...Species Insectorum, I, p. 332-338.
1792. ..Entomologia systematica, Il, pp. 109-112.
1801...Systema Eleutheratorum II, p. 119.
FarrMalIR, L., 1901... Revue d’Ent., XX, pp. 194 and 248.
FALL, R. C., 1907... Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXX1, 250.
FISCHER VON WALDHEIM, 1809...Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc., p. 293.
1823...Entomogr. Russ., 1, p. 170.
FLEUTIAUX, E. AND A. SALL%, 1889...Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1X, p. 432.
GErRMAR, E. F., 1824. ..Insectorum Species Novae aut Minus Cognitae. ...1, 624
pp., 2 pl.
GERSTACKER, Cart E. A., 1855...Rhipiphoridium Coleopterorum Familiae
dispositio systematica.
1855B...Bericht uber die Leistungen in d. Entomologie warend des
Jahres 1855. Wiedmann, Arch. fur Naturg. Jahr. 22, Bd. 2.
GUERIN-MENEVILLE, F. E., 1835...Genera Insectorum, Fase. I, nr. 2, t. 2.
HEn7z, N. M., 1830... Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Sec. 2, 11, pp. 253-258.
Horn, G. H., 1875...Notes on the Species of Rhipiphorus. Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc. V, pp. 121-125.
1892...Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X1x, p. 48.

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 65

LAcORDAIRE, J. T., 1859...Histoire Naturelle des Insects, Coléoptéres v, pp.
616-633.
LATREILLE, P. A., 1819...Nouv. Dic. d’list. Nat., ed. 2, XXV, p. 135.
LECONTE, J., 1852...Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, pp. 65-68.
1854...Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vil, pp. 220-225.
1858...Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (2) Iv, pp. 9-42.
1859. ..Complete Writings of Say, I, p. 162.
1865...Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Xv, pp. 96-08.
1866. ..New Species of North American Coleoptera, Smiths Misc. Coll.,
6, p. 167, 2d ed., pp. 1-177.
1868...Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., i, p. 54.
1880...Tvans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vil, pp. 163-218.
LINNE, CARL VON, 1761...Fauna Suecica, 2d ed., p. 682.
MELSHEIMER, F. E., 1846... Descriptions of New Species of Coleoptera of United
States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, pp. 302-318.
NEwna\, E., 1838...Ent. Mag., v, p. 376.
PrercE, D. W., 1902...Can. Ent., XXXIV, pp. 293-294.
1904...Some Hypermetamorphic Beetles and their Hymenopterous
Hosts. Studies Univ. of Nebraska, Iv, pp. 1-38, 2 pls.
1920...Studies in the Genus Myodites. Ent. News, XXXI, pp. 277-280.
Say, T., 1823...Jour. Acad. Phila., 111.
1835...Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 189.
SCHAEFFER, C., 1904...Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XU, p. 231.
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XXII, pp. II14-117.
SCHUMANN, 1899... J/l. Zeit. fur. Ent., Iv, p. 153.
SILVESTRI, F., 1905...Redia, Il, p. 315, t. 20.
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WATERHOUSE, C. O., 1869-1876 (1875). ..Czst. Ent., I, p. 369.

MORPHOLOGICAL LITERATURE

CRAMPTON, G. C., 1926...A Comparison of the Neck and Prothoracic Sclerites
Throughout the Orders of Insects from the Standpoint of Phylogeny.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Lil, pp. 199-248, 18 pls.

Forses, W. T. M., 1922...The Wing-venation of Coleoptera. Ann. Ent. Soc.
Am., XV, pp. 328-352, 7 pls.

Pierce, W. D., 1919...The Comparative Morphology of the Order Strepsiptera
Together with Records and Descriptions of Insects, Proc. of U. S. Nat.
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SHarp, D. anp F. Murr, 1912...The Comparative Anatomy of the Male Genital
Tube in Coleoptera. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, pp. 477-639, pl. 42-78.

STICKNEY, FENNER S., 1923...The Head Capsule of Coleoptera. Jil. Biol.
Monographs, Vill, pp. 1-104, 26 pls.

Tanner, V. M., 1927...A Preliminary Study of the Genitalia of Female Coleop-
tera. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., LUI, pp. 5-50, 14 pls.

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

66

NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

EXPLANATION OF PLATES
PLATE I.
Pelectoma (P. flavipes).

1 A.—Side view of head and prothorax.
1 B.—Front view of head (male).
1 C.—Antennae of female.

Trigonodera (T. schaefferi).

2 A.—Side view of head and prothorax.
2 B.—Front view of head (male).
2 C.—Antennae of female.

Toposcopus (T. wright).

3 A.—Side view of head and prothorax.
3 B.—Front view of head (male).
3 C.—Antennae of female.

Rhipidius (sp.?).
4 A.—Side view of head and prothorax.
4 B.—Front view of head.
Macrosiagon (M. dimidiatum).

5 A.—Side view of head and prothorax.
5 B.—Front view of head (female).
5 C.—Antennae: a, female; b, male.

Rhipiphorus (R. soligaginis).
6 A.—Side view of head and prothorax.

6 B.—Front view of head (female).
6 C.—Antennae: a, female; b, male.

PLATE II.

1 M.—Male genitalia of Pelecotoma (P. flavipes).
1. lateral view; d. dorsal view.

2 M.—Male genitalia of Trigonodera (sp.).

2 F.—Female genitalia of Trigonodera (sp.).

1. lateral view; d. dorsal view; v. ventral view.

3 M.—Male genitalia of Toposcopus (T. wright).
l. lateral view; v. ventral view.

5 M.—Male genitalia of Macrosiagon (M. limbatum).

1. lateral view; d. dorsal view.

EZEKIEL RIVNAY 67

Fig. 5 F.—Female genitalia of Macrosiagon (M. dimidiatum).

1. lateral view of ovipositor in the tube; d. dorsal view of ovipositor
with the tube removed.

Fig. 6 M.—Male genitalia of Rhipiphorus (R. solidaginis).

l. lateral view; d. dorsal view.

Fig. 6 F.—Female genitalia of Rhipiphorus (R. solidaginis).

d. dorsal view: (upper figure) with the ovipositor protruding; (lower
figure) the ovipositor is shown in the tube and portion of the
eighth tergite is cut off.

Fig. 7 M.—Male genitalia of Evaniocera (E. dafourt).
Fig. 7 F.—Female genitalia of Evaniocera (E. dafourt).
l. lateral view; d. dorsal view; v. ventral view.
PLATE III.
Trigonodera (sp.).
Fig. 2 W.—Wing.
Rhipidius (sp.).
Fig. 4—Female.
Fig. 4 A’—Female: side view of head and prothorax.
Fig. 4 B’.—Female: front view of head.
Fig. 4 V.—Male: side view of metathorax and abdomen.
Fig. 4 W.—Male: wing.
Macrosiagon (M. dimidiatum).
Fig. 5 Vv.—Abdomen: section at base, showing first tergite (7#) and first sternite
(1s).
Fig. 5 Vl.—Lateral view of entire abdomen.
Fig. 5 W.—Wing.
Rhipiphorus (R. solidaginis).
Fig. 6 Vvy.—Abdomen of female: ventral view showing ventral position of the
seventh tergite (72).
Fig. 6 VI.—Lateral view of female abdomen.
Fig. 6 W.—Wing.
Evaniocera.
Fig. 7 W.—Wing.
Macrosiagon fernaldi.
Fig. 14 B.—Front view of head of male.
Fig. 14 a.—Antennae of female.

Macrosiagon flavipenne.

Fig. 15 a.—Antennae of female.
MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

68 NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Macrosiagon octomaculatum.

Fig. 16 O.—Occiput, showing suture.
Fig. 16 t.—Lateral and dorsal views of hind tarsus.

Macrosiagon pectinatum.
Fig. 17 O.—Occiput.
Macrosiagon say.

Fig. 18 t.—Lateral and dorsal views of hind tarsus.

PLATE IV.

Fig. 1 a—Rhipiphorus calopterus. Female antennae.

Fig. 1 p.—Rhipiphorus caloptera. Pygidium.

Fig. 1 t.—Rhipiphorus calopterus. Lateral view of hind tibia and tarsus.
Fig. 2 p.—Rhipiphorus nevadicus. Pygidium.

Fig. 2 t.—Rhipiphorus nevadicus. Dorsal and lateral view of hind tarsus.
Fig. 3 .a.—Rhipiphorus luteipenne. Female antenna.

Fig. 3 p.—Rhipiphorus luteipenne. Pygidium.

Fig. 4 p.—Rhipiphorus mutchlert. Pygidium.

Fig. 4 t.—Rhipiphorus mutchlert. Lateral view of hind tarsus.

Fig. 5 t.—Rhipiphorus californicus. Lateral view of hind tarsus.

Fig. 6 p.—Rhipiphorus aurantus. Pygidium.

Fig. 6 t.—Rhipiphorus aurantus. Lateral view of hind tibia and tarsus.
Fig. 7 p.—Rhipiphorus vierecki. Pygidium.

Fig. 7 t.—Rhipiphorus vierecki. Lateral view of hind tibia and tarsus.

Fig. 8 t.—Rhipiphorus minimus. Lateral view of hind tarsus.

Fig. 9 t.—Rhipiphorus nomiae. Lateral view of hind tarsus.

Fig. 10 t.—Rhipiphorus solidaginis. Dorsal and lateral views of hind tarsus.
Fig. 11 t.—Rhipiphorus scaber. Dorsal and lateral views of hind tarsus.
Fig. 12 t.—Rhipiphorus neomexicanus. Dorsal and lateral views of hind tarsus.
Fig. 13 t.—Rhipiphorus brevipes. Dorsal and lateral views of hind tarsus.

Mem. Am. Ent. Soc., No. 6. PLATE I.

RIVNAY—AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

<7

Mem. Am. Ent. Soc., No. 6. Pvate II.

RIVNAY—AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Mem. Am. Env. Soc., No. 6. ReARE ble

RIVNAY—AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

Mem. Am. Env. Soc., No. 6. PLATE IV.

RIVNAY—AMERICAN RHIPIPHORIDAE

INDEX

Names quoted in synonymy are given in ?talics.

abdominale (Rhipiphorus)......... 25
acutipenne (Macrosiagon)....... 32
ambiguus (Rhipiphorus) ......... 40
americanus (Rhipiphorus)....... 63
aurantus (Rhipiphorus) . . . 55
bicolor (Rhipiphorus) ........... 34
bifoveatum (Macrosiagon)....... 28
bivittata (Trigonodera) ......... 20
brevipes (Rhipiphorus).......... 46
californicus (Rhipiphorus)....... 56
calopterus (Rhipiphorus)........ 45
carinipenne (Macrosiagon)....... 30
COSINFID ta che eel eee 16
cruentum (Macrosiagon)........ 35
DOMCSID “Fi Re anor oe 41
dimidiatum (Macrosiagon)...... 30
discicollis (Macrosiagon)......... 39
dubium (Rhipiphorus)........... 40
BROT 5 Se Cee 23
IBvanioceninae...... 26.02 ..e6s es 13
excavatum (Macrosiagon)....... 29
fasciata (Dorthesia)............. 63
fasciatus (Rhipiphorus)......... 63
fasciatus (Rhipiphorus).......... 40
fernaldum (Macrosiagon)........ 26
flavicornis (Rhipiphorus)........ 63
flavipenne (Macrosiagon)........ 25
flavipes (Pelecotoma)........... 15
flaviventris (Rhipiphorus)....... 55
horni (Macrosiagon) ............ 36
humeratus (Rhipiphorus)........ 40
hyalinus (Rhipiphorus).......... 59
impressus (Rhipiphorus)......... 40

MEM. AM. ENT. SOC., 6.

iridescens (Rhipiphorus)......... 60
IKOPUAVOTUS oo aa c0cn00Gen0e00ge 5
knaust (Myodites).............. 52
laevicollis (Rhipiphorus)........ 55
leachii (Trigonodera)........... 16
lineata (Trigonodera)........... 19
limbatum (Macrosiagon)........ 36
lineare (Macrosiagon)........... 28
longipes (Rhipiphorus) .......... 40
luteipennis (Rhipiphorus)....... 43
IMACTOSAROM 5 hcoscsodonsocccner 23
marginale (Rhipiphorus)......... 30
maritimum (Macrosiagon)....... 33
maxillosus (Rhipiphorus)........ 40
melanoptera (Emenadia)......... 39
minimus (Rhipiphorus)......... 46
mutchleri Seer Ree Sue 57
mutilatus ee ene sameeren s(0)
Mycodes . . BB cic saci oe ae Al
NOU Dios teed ota neu bun eo 41
INivoditiniemnnem ana aceiren eo 5
nebulosa (Trigonodera)......... 19
neomexicanus (Rhipiphorus)..... 50
nevadicus (Rhipiphorus)........ 44
niger (Rhipiphorus)............. 62
nigricorne (Rhipiphorus)........ 40
nigrus (Rhipiphorus)............ 40
nomiae (Rhipiphorus)........... 51
nubila (Trigonodera)............ 17
nubilus (Pelecotomoides)........ 18
octomaculatum (Macrosiagon) ... 32
paradoxus (Metoecus).......... 4
IRelecolotd ester ened eee oer tae 16

il

Pelecotomancnnnnenee eee eee
Pelecotominaehenenee nner.
iRelecotomordesmmnnerene renee
pectinatum (Macrosiagon).......
popenoei (Rhipiphorus).........
Ptilaphorinie eee eoreicne:

pulchrum (Macrosiagon)........
puncticeps (Rhipiphorus).........

4-maculatus (Rhipiphorus).......

rex (Rhipiphorus)..............
Rihipidiinaee eae orl
RUT OGNIM oo bc0ccanaucz0eoon0s
IRhipidiuseeeee eee eerie
Rhipiphorinach see eee ere
Rhipiphorinigeseeeeseeee sere
RISING sonacccccaqcegpooce
rufum (Macrosiagon)...........

sanguineolentus (Rhipiphorus) ... .
sayin (Mlactosiagon) ernie tenner
scaber (Rhipiphorus)...........
schafferi (Trigonodera)..........

INDEX
14 schwarzi (Rhipiphorus).........
13 semiflavus (Rhipiphorus)........
16 sexmaculata (Mordella)..........
40 simplex (Rhipiphorus)..........
54 solidaginis (Rhipiphorus)........
5 stylopides (Rhipiphorus)........
38 subdipterus (Rhipiphorus).......
32 SWHTOUUUIS cocc08d520000000000008
39 thoracicus (Rhipiphorus) ........
ALO POSCOPUS eee ee eee
55 iirigonod crane renee ereer
14 triste (Rhipiphorus)...........--
5 tuberculatus (Rhipiphorus)......
22
13 varicolor (Rhipiphorus)..........
5 ventrale (Rhipiphorus)...........
41 vierecki (Rhipiphorus)..........
36 vitract (Emenadia).............-
40 walshi (Rhipiphorus)...........
34 wrighti (Toposcopus)..........-
47
18 zeschi (Rhipiphorus)............

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