jflDemoirs ot tbe /IDuseum of Comparative Zoologg

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

Vol. XL. No. S.

N0TE8 ON THE CRAYFISHES

IN THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

AND THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES

TO WHICH IS APPENDED

A CATALOGUE OF THE KNOWN SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.

BY

WALTER FAXON.

With Thirteen Plates.

CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.:

IPrintel) for tbe /IMiseum,

July, 1914.

/liemotrs of tbe /Duseuiu of (lomparattve ZoSlooy

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

Vol. XL. No. S.

NOTES ON THE CRAYFISHES

IN THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

AND THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES

TO WHICH IS APPENDED

A CATALOGUE OF THE KNOWN SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.

BY

WALTER FAXON.

With Thirteen Plates.

CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.:

IPrtnteD for tbe /IMiseum.

July, 1914.

PREFATORY NOTE.

The following notes on Crayfishes were made during an examination of
all the Crayfishes that have been received at the United States National Museum
and the Museum of Comparative Zoology since my last paper on these animals
was published in tlie Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Feb. 7,
1898, 20, p. 643-694, pi. 62-70. I am deeply indebted to the authorities of the
National Museum for sending to me the vast amount of material that has come
to Washington since my last review of the subject. I am also indebted to Mr.
W. P. Hay of Washington, Prof. S. E. Meek of the Field Museum of Natural
History, Chicago, 111., and Dr. A. E. Ortmann of the Carnegie Museum, Pitts-
burgh, Pa., for the loan of specimens.

NOTES ON THE CRAYFISHES.

AsTACopsis AUSTRALASiENSis (Millie Edwarcls).

Astacus auslralasic7isis M. Edw., Hist. Nat. Crustaccs, 1837, 2, p. 332, pi. 24, f. 1-5.

There are two cotypes of this species in the Museum of Natural History
in Paris. One of these, a female, has been kindly loaned to me by Prof. E. L.
Bouvier. The rostrum of this specimen is long-triangular, excavated, the
acumen provided with an upturned, blunt, apical denticle and a similar denticle
on each side ; behind the lateral denticles the margins of the rostrum are obscurely
crenate. The post-orbital ridges terminate anteriorly in a blunt tubercle;
they are chamielled throughout their length and are followed by two obsolescent
tubercles at a little lower level on the gastric region; the liepatic area also is
tuberculated and a few less prominent tubercles are \'isible on the posterior
margin of the cervical groove on each side of the carapace. The areola is broad,
narrowing from before backward, punctate. Branchial regions obsoletely squa-
mose. Abdomen rather smooth, with a submarginal row of small tubercles on
the pleura of the second somite; pleura rounded. Spine on dorsal face of inner
branch of posterior abdominal appendages submarginal. Antennal scale of
moderate width, flanked with a sharp denticle on the outer side at the base.
Anterior process of the epistome triangular, with convex sides, ending anteriorly
in an attenuated angle. Chelipeds nearly symmetrical, meros armed below
with spines biserially disposed, upper margin thereof also furnished with a few
(three or four) spinules; upper margin of carpus armed with two prominent
spines, the distal the larger; outer face furrowed longitudinally, .slightly tubercu-
late along the upper edge of the furrow; inner face of the carpus somewhat
tuberculate and armed with one spine in the middle of the distal border. Propo-
dite distinctly carinate on the upper border, less distinctly so on its lower border;
the superior crest is cut into five teeth, the lower margin is denticulate; the outer
face of the propodite is thickly covered with depressed tubercles. Dactylus
furnished with one denticle near the proximal end of the upper border. Length,
03 mm.; length of carapace, 30.5 mm.; breadth of carapace, 13 mm.; length of
areola, 9 mm.; breadth of areola at anterior end, 6 mm., at posterior end, 4.5
mm.; length of chela, 20 nmi.; breadth of chela, 10 mm.; length of dactylus,
11.5 mm.

Bay of Sydney, Verreaux, No. 944, 1837.

352 CRAYFISHES.

1 doubt if this is the specimen figured by Mihie Edwards: he gives as the
length of the body, two inches; the figure, which is said to be Ufe size, is 56 mm.
long.

Dr. Giuseppe Nobili ' also has examined the same cotype belonging to the
Paris Museum and is con\inced that it belongs to the same species as a male
specimen, 66 mm. long, in the Museum of Natural History of Genoa, said to
have been collected by D'Albertis in 1872 on the little island of Sorong in the
Strait of Galevo, northwestern coast of New Guinea. Perhaps a misplacement of
labels has occurred in this case; the extraordinary distribution of this species
implied by the nominal locality label accompanying the Genoa specimen, as well
as the nature of the islet of Sorong, make it probable that the specimen was in
reality secured at Sydney, Australia, where D'Albertis collected in 1873.

Astacopsis australasiensis may turn out to be nothing but an immature
stage of A. spinifera.

ASTACONEPHROPS ALBERTISII Nobili.

Aslaconciiliiops albrrtinii NoniLi, Annali Miis. Civ. Storia Nat. Geneva, 1899, 40, p. 244; Rollclino dci
Miisci ili Zoologia cd Anatomia Coniparata di Torino, June 9, 1903, 18. p. 1.

The genus Astaconephrops, with its one species alhertisii, based on a single
female specimen in tlie Museum of Genoa which is said to have come from
Katau on the southern coast of New Guinea, needs further elucidation. Accord-
ing to Nobili the margins of the rostrum (which in a general way resembles the
rostrum of Paranephrops) are continued back, in the shape of two keels, over
the carapace to the cervical groove; the abdominal segments are produced into
points laterally; the inner branch of the last pair of abdominal appendages is
furnished with a rib or keel on the dorsal face, terminating in a spine near the
centre of the branch; the chelae are long and slender and on account of the
elevation of the middle of the two faces appear subprismatical ; the carpus is
cylindrical, or rather depressed, and armed on the inner side with a sharp spine
concealed in a large tuft of hairs; the inner margin of the palm is furnished with
minute teeth, all the rest of the palm being smooth; the fingers are unarmed,
but provided with hairs along their cutting edges.

From the description of this animal given by Nobili one would infer a com-
bination of the characters of Nephrops, Paranephroi^s and Cheraps. The

' Contribuzioni alia Conoscenza dolla Fauna Carcinologica dcUa I'apuasia, dellc Molluclic e dell'
Australia. Annali del Mus. Civ. Storia Nat. Genova, 1899, 40, p. 246.

CRAYFISHES. 353

branchial formula is the same as in the genus Cheraps, and essentially the same
as in Paranephrops ; but according to Nobili the podobranchiae of the eighth
and ninth somites are not furnished with an ala or lamina in the genus Astacone-
phrops, whereas in the genus Cheraps these podobranchiae are alate.

Parastacus araucanius, sp. nov.
Plate 4.

Male: — Cephalothorax shorter than the abdomen, strongly compressed
laterally, mostly smooth, minutely granulated on the sides; areola broad (about
two thirds as broad as long), minutely punctated; rostrum short, not reaching
the distal end of the second antennulary segment, margins elevated, slightly
convergent from base to near the tip, where they abruptly converge to form the
abbreviated acumen; the infero-lateral edges of the rostrum are %'isible from
above, forming the superior border of the orbit separated from the supero-lateral
edge of the rostrum by a groove; distal half of the rostrum concave above;
antero-lateral margins of the carapace produced into a prominent, rounded
angle below the small eye which lies in a deep and uncommonly complete orbit.
Post-orbital ridges, obsolete. The pleural angles of the abdomen are rounded,
the telson long with a pair of lateral spines and a longitudinal median furrow on
its upper face along its distal half; the mecUan rib on the upper side of the inner
branch of the last pair of abdominal appendages ends in a small spine situate
a little distance from the margin. Antcnnal scale short and broad. The
chelipeds are asymmetrical, the right one being the larger; the meros is tuber-
culated on its lower face, granulate on the superior margin, but destitute of
spines ; the surface of the carpus is lightly squamoso-granulate, the granulations
becoming more pronounced on the supero-interior edge where they take the form
of blunt tubercles; the chela, too, is lightly squamoso-granulate, without any
prominent spine or tubercle, except one ]:)lunt tubercle or tooth near the base of
the immovable finger; the superior and inferior borders are rounded.

Dimensions. Length, 42 mm.; length of cephalothorax, 19 mm.; length
of areola, 6 mm., breadth of areola, 4 mm.; length of larger claw, 15.5 mm.,
breadth of do., 7 mm., length of dactylus, 8.5 mm.

Corral, Chile, Dec. 18, 1908, in a cascade stream. Thomas Barbour coll.,
M. C. Z., No. 7,355.

This species is related to P. nicoleti (Phil.) and P. hassleri Fax. Like these it
has a strongly compressed cephalothorax, indicating a burrow-dwelling species.

354 CRAYFISHES.

It differs from both of these species in its short and broad areola. Compared
with P. nicolcti, it differs in the lack of sculpture of the chela and carpus. Com-
pared with P. hasskri, the rostrum is shorter, broader, and more abruptly trun-
cate, the chela is rounded above and below and unprovided with the crest-like
series of low, squamous tubercles.

Six species of Parastacus have been previously described from Chile, viz.: —
P. chilensis (M. Edw.) in 1837, P. spinifrons (Philippi) in 1882, P. nicoleti (Phi-
lippi) in 1882, P. bimaculatus (Philippi) in 1894, P. agassizii Fax. in 1898, and P.
hassleri Fax. in 1898. The type of P. chilensis, a single dry specimen, is in the
Museum d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, and should be more fully described,
since Milne Edwards's diagnosis (Hist. Nat. Crust., 1837, 2, p. 333) is entirely
insufficient. In 1849 (Gay's Hist. Chile, Zool., 3, p. 211, Atlas, 2, Crust, pi. 1,
f. 4) Nicolet described and figured as Astacus chilensis M. Edw. a crayfish cer-
tainly different from Milne Edwards's species, and R. A. Philippi therefore gave
Nicolet's species a new name, Astacus nicoleti, in a paper published in the Anales
de la Universidad de Chile, 1882, 61. In a paper published in 1898 when I was
ignorant of Philippi's paper, I also gave a name to Nicolet's crayfish, fortunately
the same name that had been already given it by Philippi. In the same paper
Philippi describes and figures a new species, Astacus spinifrons; the diagnosis is
as follows: — A. rostro elongato-triangulari ad basin utrinque spinula acuta;
carpo extus profunde sulcato, margine superiore grosse tuberculato; mano crassa
subtus rotundata; digitis baud hneato-sulcatis, intus basi longe barbato-ciliatis.

In 1894 Philippi ' pubUshed a description of another new species of Parasta-
cus from Chile under the name of Astacus bimaculatus. This is probably the
species which I described later by the name of Parastacus agassizii (Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1898, 20, p. 690).

Parastacus spinifrons (Philippi).
Plate 9, Fig. 1.
Aslncus spinifrons Philippi, Anales Univers. Chile, 1882, 61.

A male Parastacus in the Museum of Natural History, Paris, sent to me for
identification by Prof. E. L. Bouvier, I think belongs to this species. It differs,

' Dos Palabras sobre la Sinoniniia de los Crustdceas, Dccdpodos, Braquiuros o Jaivas de Chile.
Anales Universidad Chile, 1S94, 87, p. 369-379. I have been unable to eonsult either of Philippi's
memoirs directly. Miss Rathbun, however, has kindly furnished me with a transcript of the earlier one,
copied from the volume of the Anales in the Library of Congress, Washington, and Dr. A. E. Ortmann
has courteously lent me a MS. copy of the later paper, given to him by F. Philippi, son of the author,
about 1900.

CRAYFISHES. 355

it is true, from Philippi's figures of P. spinifrons, at least from the copy of those
figures in Dr. Ortmann's possession, in some respects, for instance the rostrum
is shorter and broader and the immobile finger of the large claw is much longer.
These discrepancies may be due to the inaccuracy of the original figures or of the
copy of these figures which is all that I have before me. Philippi's diagnosis,
moreover, takes no account of the pronounced asymmetry of the chelipeds, a
marked feature of the specimen from the Paris Museum. I append a description
of the latter; future explorations in Chile will determine whether it is the same
species as PhiUppi's.

Cephalothorax subcylindrical, smooth, shorter than the abdomen; areola
broad, considerably less than one half the length of the anterior section of the
carapace ; rostrum triangular, reaching to the distal end of the second antennu-
lary segment, upper surface plane, with slightly elevated margins; post-orbital
ridges obscurely marked except anteriorly where they form an elongate, low,
tubercle without an acute spine; the antero-lateral angle of the carapace is
produced to a prominent blunt angle below the orbit; there is no lateral or
branchiostegian spine. The abdominal pleura are broad, with rounded angles.
The antennal scales are broad, broadest in the middle; lower surface of the
peduncle of the antenna hairy ; epistoma triangular, anterior angle acute ; third
pair of maxillipeds clothed with dense hair below. Chelipeds unsymmetrical,
the right one being much the larger, meros pretty smooth, except on its lower
face which is provided with a row of small marginal tubercles and clothed with a
heavy coat of hair; the superior margin of the meros is destitute of a spine;
the carpus has a deep longitudinal groo\'e along its external face; below this
groove the surface is smooth, alcove it there are small sriuamous tubercles which
on the superior border of the carpus assume the form of prominent tubercles, or
blunt teeth, four or five in number; the infero-interior face of the carpus of the
larger cheliped is likewise furnished with similar tubercles; the right (larger)
claw is very thick, with rounded superior and inferior borders; the body of the
claw is beset with flattened low tubercles which are most pronounced anteriorly,
near the socket of the dactylopodite ; the fingers gape, are pitted in place of being
tuberculated, and there are about three blunt teeth on the cutting edge of each
finger, one of which is especially prominent; both fingers are heavily bearded at
the base, especially on the inner side; the left (smaller) claw is nearly smooth,
with long and slender fingers that meet throughout their length, destitute of
teeth liut furnished with a beard at the base, like the larger claw. Inner branch
of the last pair of abdominal appendages armed with a submarginal spinule at

356 CRAYFISHES.

the distal end of the median rib. Length, 90 nun., length of carapace, 41 mm.,
width of carapace, 20 mm., width of base of rostrum, 6.5 mm., length of rostrum,
9 mm., length of areola, 11.5 mm., breadth of areola, 7 mm., length of antennal
scale, 7 mm., greatest breadth of do., 4 mm., length of larger claw, 31 mm.,
breadth of do., 17.5 mm., length of superior margin of hand, 10 mm., length of
dactylus, 19 mm., length of smaller chela, 23 mm., breadth of do., 9 mm., length
of dactylus, 16 mm.

There are four specimens of this species in the U. S. National Museum from
the rivulets of MM. Bock and Jones, Lake Nahuel Huapi, on the eastern slope
of the Cordilleras in Ai'gentina. The chelipeds are preserved in three of these
specimens; in two the larger claw is on the left side, in one it is the right, as in
the Paris specimen.

The tip of the rostrum is setose in this species, and in most cases there are
a pair of minute, horny, bead-hke lateral teeth just back of the point of the ros-
trum. The rostrum is therefore essentially like that of P. bimaculatus. From
the latter the present species differs in having much stouter, shorter-fingered,
more heavily tuberculated claws, and a somewhat longer metathorax and nar-
rower areola.

Parastacus ayassizii (= bimaculalus) has been recorded from Lake Nahuel
Huapi by Ortmann (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, 41, p. 293). The specimens
should be examined anew with reference to the possibility of their belonging to
the present species, P. spinifrons f

Specimens from Puerto Montt, Lake Llanquihue, on the opposite slope of
the Cordilleras, in Chile, are said by Doflein (Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissensch.
Miinchen, 1900, 30, p. 133) to agree wholly with my description of P. agassizii '
(= bimaculatus).

Parastacus bimaculatus (Philippi).

Astacus bivincutalus H. A. Philii'PI, Analos Universidad Chile, 1894, 87, p. 37S (Chile).

Parastacus agassizii Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898, 20, p. 690, pi. 70, figs. 4, 5 (Tidcidiuaiio,
Chile). Doflein, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissensch. Miinchen, 1900, 30, p. 132 (Puerto Montt, Lago
Llanquihue, Chile). Lenz, Zool. .Jahrb., Supp., May 2, 1902, 5, p. 731) (Tunibes, Chile). Porter,
Revista Chilena de Hist. Nat., Dec. 31, 1904, 8, p. 258, PI. 9 (Contulino and Chilian, Chile).

'- The error in the branchial formula of P. agassizii as it appears in my paper in the Proc. U. S. Nat-
Mus., 189S, 20, p. 692, has been pointed out by Doflein. This error was due to an unfortunate disloca-
tion of the table in printing, as is evident on comparing the table of the branchial arrangement in the
genus Parastacus on p. 683.

CRAYFISHES. 357

A single specimen of this species has been lately received at the Museum of
Comparative Zoology from Valparaiso, Chile.

As noted above, P. agassizii has been recorded from Lake Nahuel Huapi
in Argentina by Ortmann (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, 41, p. 293). Specimens
from this locality in the U. S. National Museum belong to a different although
similar species, P. spinifrons (Phil.)? and Dr. Ortmann's determination should
therefore be verified.

I think that my P. agassizii is the same species as the one previously
described by R. A. Philippi in 1894 under the name of Astacus bimaculatus.
Philippi's description is as follows: —

"Astacus bimaculatus Ph.

"A. cephalothorace utrinque macula magna triangulari, albida notato; rostro clongato, peracuto,
utrinciue ante apicem denticulo armato, uncle lineae elevatae sensim divergcntes nascuntur; chcUs valde
inaequalibus, sinistra majoro; carpo ejus extus inflato, velut buUato, margine superiore unispinoso;
digitis gracilibus, denticulatis. Longit. corporis 72 mm., chelae majoris 37 mm.

"El color del cuerpo es oscuro siendo una mezcla do negro vcrdoso i de pardo rojizo, como en las
demas especies, i en eado lado se ve una gran mancha triangular blanquizca; su supcrficie es lisa, pero las
patas anteriores estdn cubiertas de granulaciones bastantc gruesas, que faltan solo en la parte inflada
del carpo. El pico es casi tan largo como la escama situada en la base do las antenas esteriores; se
adelgaza paulatinamente en una punta mui aguda e inolinada. De cado lado i mui cerca de la punta
se notan dos dientecitos puntiagudos, do donde partcn listones bastante elcvados i agudos, qui diverjeu
paulatinamente. Un dientccito mui puntiagudo se observa tambien ante el borde do la 6rbita. Las
patas anteriores son mui desiguales, la izquierda es mucho mas larga i sobre todo mas gruesa; por lo
demas su hechura es la misma. En el borde superior del artlculo tercero se nota una cspina, i dos o tres
en el borde inferior. El carpo muestra tambien una o dos espinas en su borde superior, i en .su lado
esterior una hinchazon casi semi-globosa, mui notable en el carpo izquierdo, menor pero bien aparente
en el derecho. La mano es mucho mas angosta i estirada que en las otras tres especies chQenas, sobre
todo los dedos, cuyo liorde interior es finamente dentado. Las otras partes del cuerpo no ofrecen nada
de particular."

This description agrees pretty well with the species which I described as
P. agassizii, but I do not know what Pliilippi means by asserting that the figiu-e
of Astacus fluviatilis in the Rcgne Animal of Cuiaer (Disciples' Ed., pi. 49, fig. 2)
is an exact representation of his new Chilean species. The colour of the speci-
mens from Talcahuano had long since vanished when I described them. Porter,
however, has more recently described the living colours of P. agassizii, and they
seem to conform in the main to the colour scheme of P. bimaculatus as described
by Philippi :

"El color es en el dorso i flancos del cuerpo bruno-oUvdceo, notdndose en cada costado del eefalo-
t6rax, por detras del surco cervical, una gran mancha triangular de color amarillo limon cuyo vertice
redondeado alcanza hasta la areola, confundiendose en esta rejimi con la del lado opuesto en muchos ejem-
plares. A veccs se ve ademas luia mancha redondeada del mismo color a pocos millmetros del borde
anterior del carapacho. Los tuberculillos cscamiformes de las quelas lo mismo que las espinitas del rostro

358 CRAYFISHES.

son anaranjados, color fine sc observa en la parte inferior del cnerpo e inferior e interna de las pataa.
Estas ultimas son de color bruno-olivdceo o bien olivdceo, especialmente en las quelas."'

With reference to the large triangular colour-patch on each side of the
carapace of P. bimaculatus as described by Philippi and of P. agassizii as de-
scribed by Porter, it should be observed that spots of the same shape and in the
same place are often seen in crayfishes of divers kinds shortly after they are im-
mersed in alcohol. These spots or blotches are the result of the quick action of
the alcohol on the thinnest part of the branchiostegites, which are bathed in the
fluid on both sides, within and without. At first red, these spots afterwards
fade into yellowish white, — the colour which ultimately pervades the whole
of the body in specimens preserved in spirits. One is almost inclined to suspect
that the colour-pattern noted by Philippi and Porter was due to recent immersion
of the specimens in alcohol.

AsTACUS LENiuscuLus Dana.

A large number of specimens of this species were collected for the U. S.
National Museum in Johnson Creek, Portland, Multnomah Co., Oregon, by
Messrs. Lyon and Benedict in May, 1905. The largest of these are upwards of
five and one half inches long and demonstrate the fact that this species has as
full, obese a form as .4. irowbridgii. There is considerable variation in relative
width of the areola in these specimens. Of twenty-six specimens, eighteen
(7cf , 11 9 ) have the right and left claws symmetrical, while in eight (5 cf , 3 9 )
the claws are asymmetrical. In many of the asymmetrical individuals I think
the smaller, slenderer claw, which may be either on the right or left side, is a
new claw grown after the loss of the original one.

In a male specimen collected by Mr. S. E. Meek, in Ten-Mile Lake, Florence,
Lane Co., Oregon, Oct. 17, 189G (U. S. N. M. No. 23,121), the chelae have the
form characteristic of A. leniusculus, and both pairs of post-orbital spines are
developed as in that species, ])ut in the shape of the rostrum and the propor-
tions of the areola it agrees with A . trowbridgii. Another specimen in the U. S.
National Museum from Astoria, Clatsop Co., Oregon, resembles A. trowbridgii in
the breadth and inflation of the claws and the length of the posterior section of
the carapace. Still another specimen in the same Museum (collected by Mr.
Wm. Palmer) from the base of Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., Cal., taken altogether
would be classed with .4. trowbridgii; yet in the proportions of the posterior sec-

' Porter, op. cit., p. 258.

CRAYFISHES. 359

tion of the carapace and the areola it agrees rather witli A. leniusculus. As
these two species inhabit the same region it is possible that they interbreed and
produce hybrids.

AsTACUS TROWBRiDGii Stimpson.

Astacus trowbridgii stands midway between A. leniusculus and A. klama-
thensis. As it varies in one direction towards the former species, as has just been
shown, so, on the other hand it passes through intermediate forms into the latter
species. Such intermediate forms I have seen from Wilson Creek, Willapa,
Pacific Co., and Littlerock, Thurston Co., Washington; and Sinslow River,
Mapleton, Lane Co., and Wallowa Lake, Oregon. Li dealing with small, imma-
ture indiA-iduals it is often difficult if not impossible to decide whether they
should be assigned to A. klamathensis or to A. trowbridgii.

Astacus klamathensis Stimpson.
Plate 11, 12.

Astacus klamathensis has a wide distribution in British Columbia, and in
the states of Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and northern CaUfornia, in the vast
area drained by the Columbia River and its tributaries as well as in the smaller
streams that empty into the Pacific Ocean on the west side of the Cascade Range
of mountains.

Neiv localities: — Idaho: Indian Creek, Washington Co. Washington:
Goldendale, Klickitat Co.; Granite Lake, Spokane Co.; Naches River, North
Yakima, Yakima Co.; Crab Creek, [Douglas Co.?]; Creek near Hemp P. O.;
Salmon River; Prairie Creek; North River; Willapa River, Holcomb, Nasel
River, Nasel, Pacific Co. Oregon: Wallowa Lake, Wallowa Co.; Silver
Creek, Harney Co.; Bear River, Medford, Jackson Co., Johnson Creek,
Portland, Multnomah Co.; Nehalem River, Tillamvok Co. California:
Shasta River, near Montague, Siskiyou Co.; Cottonwood Creek, near Horn-
brook, Siskiyou Co.; Priceland and Garberville, Humboldt Co.

In a lot of two dozen or more specimens of this species from Portland, Ore-
gon, in the U. S. National Museum, a slight variation from the typical form is
apparent in the lengthening of the rostrum and antennal scale and the more
pronounced granulation of the chelae. In these regards they show a sUght
approach towards .4. trowbridgii. Many of these individuals have lost their

360 CRAYFISHES.

claws and grown them anew (see Plate 11, 12). It is interesting to note the
restored claws never assume the normal form but are elongated and flattened.
WTien both chelipeds have been lost and re-grown simultaneously, the result is
an individual with perfectly symmetrical claws on the right and left sides, so
different in shape from the normal claws that one might easily be led to believe
that it is a distinct species. Such a specimen is shown in Plate 12, fig. 2. The
restored claws in these cases assume an ancestral, less highly specialized from.

AsTACtrS NIGRESCENS FORTIS, Subsp. nOV.
Plate 7, Fig. 5, 9; Plate 9, Fi^. 2.

Similar to Astacus nigrescens, from which it is distinguished by the following
characters : _ — the sides of the rostrum converge more from the base to the tip ;
the areola of the carapace is narrower in proportion to its length; the chelae are
shorter, broader, and more inflated.

Dimensions of a male: — length, 94 mm.; length of carapace, 49 mm.;
width of carapace, 26 mm.; length of abdomen, 45 mm.; width of abdomen,
24 mm. ; length of posterior section of carapace, 19 mm. ; width of areola, (i mm. ;
length of chela, 42 mm. ; width of chela, 19 mm. ; length of dactylus, 22 mm.

Types:— Fall River, Fall City Mills, Shasta Co., Cal., Aug. 29, 1898,
Rutter and Chamberlain coll., U. S. N. M., No. 44,404, 2cf , 3 9 , 1 juv.

Paratypes: — Hat Creek, Cassel, Shasta Co., Cal., Aug. 30, 1898, Rutter
and Chamberlain coll., U. S. N. M., 3 9 .

Astacus gambelii connectens, subsp. nov.
Plate 7, Fig. G, 10; Plate 10, Fig. 1.

Similar to A. gambelii (Girard), but different in these regards: — the rostrum
is narrower and longer, with a longer acumen, and in correlation with this the
antennal scales are much longer, their internal margin sloping gradually to the
lengthened apical sj^ine. The post-orbital ridges, though rudimentary, as in
A. gayyihelii, develop a pair of prominent posterior spines as in A. nigrescens,
while the anterior pair — the only post-orbital spines found in A. gambelii — are
much more prominent than in that form. The chelae are longer and slenderer
than in A. gambelii.

Ttjpes:~'U. S. N. M. No. 23,096, Snake River at Upper Salmon Falls,
Idaho, Oct. 3, 1894, Evermann and Scovill coll., 3c^, 1 9 .

CRAYFISHES. 361

Paratype: — Silvies River, Burns, Harney Co., Oregon, Jul}^ 27, 1904,
J. O. Snyder coll., 19. U. S. N. M.

This form bears the same relation to A. gnmbelii as A. leniusculus does to
A. trowbridgii. In the development of the posterior pair of post-orbital spines it
shows an affinity to ^4. nigrescens. It appears to be connected with A. gmnbelii
by intermediate forms. A large male upwards of 3j in. long in the U. S. National
Museum, collected at the mouth of St. Joe River, Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho,
has the long narrow rostrum and the elongated hand and fingers of A.g. connectens,
but the posterior pair of post-orbital spines are wanting, and specimens (also in
the U. S. National Museum) from Warm Springs, Harney Co., Oregon, in most
respects like typical A. gambelii, show traces of the posterior post-orbital spines.

Dimensions of a male: — Length. 65 mm.; length of carapace, 34 mm.;
length of abdomen, 31 mm.; length of posterior section of carapace, 11 mm.;
width of areola, 5 mm.; length of chela, 31 mm.; breadth of chela, 7.5 mm.;
length of dactylus, 18 mm.

ASTACUS LEPTODACTYLUS Eschscholtz.

New locality:— Mys\owitz, Germany, 1893, Coll. Hofer, (U. S. N. M., No.
43,317) Icf.

ASTACUS PALLIPES ITALICUS, Subsp. UOV.

Plate 8, Fig. 2.

In the Italian Crayfish as compared with the typical form of A. pallipes
from France, the margins of the rostrum are less convergent from the base to the
lateral pair of spines, so that the breadth of the rostrum between the lateral
spines is greater; the rostral acumen, too, is longer. The sides of the abdominal
segments end in a distinctly more acute angle. The chelae are more coarsely
granulated, the granulations or small tubercles separated by wider intervals.
The anterior process of the epistoma is more broadly triangular. The antennal
scale is larger, longer, and terminates in a more prominent spine. The tip of the
inner part of the gonopods of the male is produced l^eyond the tip of the external
part, whereas in A. paUipes the tips of the two parts are subequal. The telson
is relatively broader.

Types:— U. S. N. M., No. 28,638, River Sarno, Pompeii, Italy, June 10,
1900, Dana Coolidge coll. 11 cf , 9 9 .

362 CRAYFISHES.

Two specimens, 1 c?, 1 9 , in the U. S. N. M., No. 20,073, from Piobesi, near
Turin, Italy, received from the Turin Zoological Museum agree in the essential
characters with the Pompeiian specimens.

From these specimens I infer that the Cisalpine craj-fishes constitute a
marked geographical race, which in some respects (viz. the form of the rostrum,
antennal scale, epistoma, and gonopods) shows an approach to Astacus astacus.
It is not, however, liable to be confounded with that species, since the median
carina of the rostrum is not denticulated, and the post-orbital ridges are entire,
not broken up into an anterior and a posterior section as is the case with Astacus
astacus. In the important matter of the branchial apparatus, moreover, Astacus
pallipcs italicus differs from A. astacus and agrees with A. palKpes in having but
two rudimentary pleurobranchiae on each side of the body, upon the eleventh
and twelfth body-segments.'

The craj'fish found in the neighbourhood of Madrid, Spain, is in almost
every respect like the typical French Astacus pallipes. It does, however, show
an approach to the Italian examples in one regard, viz. an enlargement of the
anterior process of the epistoma, and with this in a few specimens goes a tendency
toward a broadening of the rostrum. It would ncA'crtheless be an over-refine-
ment to separate the Spanish crayfishes from Astacus pallipes.

Cambarus digueti Bouvier.

Cambarus digueti Bouv., Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Paris, 1897, 3, p. 225.
Cambarus carinalus Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898, 20, \i. 648.

New locality: — Ocotlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico (Field Mus. Nat. Hist.).

Cambarus pilosimanus Ortmann?

A young female crayfish, 35 mm. long (M. C. Z., No. 7,405) was collected
by Mr. J. L. Peters at Camp Menzel, 36 miles from the mouth of the Hondo
River, in the Territory of Quintana Roo, Mexico, March 27, 1912. It is closely
affined to C. pilosimanus and C. williamsoni of Ortmann, if not identical with one
of these. It presents certain features, however, that are not found in either of
Ortmann's species; viz: — there are two well-marked spines, one above the

' This was dotfrmined by examination of tlie brancliial apparatus of two examples from the type
lot of A. p. ilalicus from the River Sarno. The rudimentary gilts borne on the eleventh and twelfth
somitts have the form of reduced simple filaments representing the stem of tlie completely formed gill.

CRA\TISHES. 363

other, on each side of the latero-anterior margin of tlie carapace, above the well-
developed branchiostegian spines. This is a feature that one would not suspect
to be a juvenile mark, and it may denote specific di^'ersity. There are, moreover,
two sharp spines on the second segment of the antennae near the base of the
antennal scales.

The chelae of the specimen collected by Mr. Peters are slender and nearly
smooth, the fingers sparsely pilose, the spines of the carpus and merus well devel-
oped, as in young specimens of C. pilosimanus according to Ortmann. The
anterior segment of the telson is three-spined on each side, the inner spine being
very small; the median longitudinal rib on the dorsal face of the inner branch
of the last abdominal appendages ends in a spine some distance from the posterior
margin.

The type locality of C. pilosimanus is Coban, Guatemala. Dr. Ortmann
also records one specimen, in the Museum of Natural History of Paris, from
Belize, British Honduras, a locality not very remote from the place where JNIr.
Peters got his specimen. Mr. A. S. Pearse (13th Ann. Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci.,
1911, p. 110) has more recently recorded it from Cuatotolapam, Canton of
Acayucan, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. The type locality of C. williamsoni is
Los Amates, Province of Izabal, Guatemala.

Cambarus mexicanus Erichson.

New localities: — Mexico: Tuxtla Gutierrez, State of Chiapas (U. S. N.
M., No. 30,580); Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz (Field Mus. Nat. Hist.).

Mr. A. S. Pearse ' has recently redescribed this species under the name
Cambarus ruthveni, sp. no\'., from the hacienda of Cuatotolapam, Canton of
Acayucan, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, altitude, 15 metres.

Cambarus cubensis Erichson.

New localities: — Cuba: Almendares River, Calabazar, Pro\ance of Habana
(U. S. N. M., No. 31,881); Union de Reyes, Province of Matanzas (M. C. Z.,
No. 7,633) ; Ciego de Avila, Province of Camagiiey (Coll. J. T. Nichols).

There is a small specimen, a male, only | in. long, in the U. S. National ^lu-
seum (No. 28,625), from Nueva Gerona, Isla de Pinos. It was collected by

' Report on the Crustacea collected by I lie University of Michigan — Walker ExiJeciition in the State
of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Thirteenth Ann. Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci., 1911. p. 110.

364 CRAYFISHES.

Messrs. Palmer and Riley, July 8, 1900. It may be an immature specimen of
one of the races of C. cubensis, or possibly a nearly allied species.

Since the above paragraph was written, and the specimen returned to the
United States National Museum, Dr. A. E. Ortmann ' has described as a new
species, Cambarus (Procambarus) ntkinsoni, a crayfish collected by Dr. A. Atkin-
son in the tributaries of Rio de los Indios, Los Indios, Isle of Pines, May 25,
1910. It is closely related to C. cubensis, from which it differs principallj' in the
much less dilated inner face of the copulatory organs of the male.

Cambarus cubensis consobrinus Saussure.

Cambarus consohrinus Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1857, .ser. 2, 9, p. 101 ; Mem. .Soe. Phy.'?. Hi.st. N:i(.

Geneve, 1858, 14, p. 457, pi. 3, fig, 21.
Cainbarus cubensis consolirinus Faxon, Bull. l\Ius. Corap. Zool., Get. 1912, 54, p. 458.

In this form of the Cuban Crayfish the rostrum is narrower than in the
typical C. cubeiisis, more deeply concave above, its margins more distinctly
raised and less convergent between the base and the pair of lateral spines near the
distal end; these lateral rostral spines, moreover, are much better developed than
in the tyj^ical form, and tlie rostral acumen is longer; the post-orbital ridge is
more prominent, distinctly grooved along its outer face, and jiroducod anteriorly
into an acute spine much more strongly emphasized than in the typical C. cuben-
sis; there is, too, an evident lateral spine on each side of the carapace, on tlie liind
border of the cervical groove, — a spine which is not present in C. cubensis cuben-
sis. The external sexual organs are alike in the two forms.

Nine specimens of this crayfish (5 c?, 4 9 ), M. C. Z., No. 7,343, were secured
by Dr. Thomas Barbour from lads who were using them for fish-bait, at San
Antonio de los Banos, in the interior of the Province of Habana, Cuba, Api-il,
1909.

Cotypes of Saussure's Cambarus consobi-inus are now dispersed among the
Museums of Geneva, Paris, Berlin, and Washington. It is very likely that
Saussure's material included some of the typical form of C. cubensis; his descrip-
tion and figures, nevertheless, were grounded on the form with long rostral acu-
men, and distinct rostral and lateral thoracic spines; the type locality of conso-
brinus, moreover, as specified by Saussure, is the central part of the i.sland.

In the cotype in the U. S. National Museum (No. 20,()84, ex Miis. Geneva),

' A New Species of the Genus Cambarus from the Isle of Pines. Ann. Carnegie Mus., May 5, 1913,
8, p. 414-417.

CRAYFISHES. 3G5

a male, dried and transfixed with a pin, the roistrum is abnormal, the right margin
thereof being pared away toward the tip, carrying with it the right marginal
spine. This deformity was evidently present 'in the living specimen. On the
left side the marginal rostral tooth or spine is well developed, as are also the
spines at the anterior end of the post-ocular ridges. The lateral thoracic spines
too are fairly well marked.

Cambarus cubensis rivalis Faxon.

Camhanis cuhensis rivalis Fax., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Oct., 1912, 54, p. 459.

Differs from typical C. cubensis (which lives in the low country, near the sea-
level) in having a much shorter and broader areola, a shorter, broader, and
more heavily granulated claw; the sides of the rostrum, furthermore, are more
nearly parallel and they bear a pair of distinct lateral spines at the base of the
acumen. In so far as the rostrum is concerned this subspecies resembles C. c.
consobrinus, yet it differs from consohrinus by having a short and wide areola
and by the absence of lateral thoracic spines. The sexual parts are like those of
C. cubensis.

Length of an ovigerous female, 44 mm., length of carapace, 21 mm., length
of areola, G mm., breadth of areola, 2 mm.

This form is an inhabitant of the mountain streams of western Cuba. The
extent of its distribution remains to be determined by further exploration of the
island. The type specimens (M. C. Z. No. 7,40G), two males of the second form
and three females, were caught by Dr. Thomas Barbour in a mountain stream
near San Diego de los Baiios, in the Province of Pinar del Rio, Feb., 1912. There
are also specimens in the U. S. National Museum from the same place (Nos.
28,626, 28,627) and also from a mountain brook north of the town of Pinar del
Rio (Nos. 23,656, 23,657).

Cambarus simulans Faxon.

New localities:— TEXAfi: Sourlake, Hardin Co. (U. S. N. M.). Arkansas:
Saline R., Benton, SaUne Co. (U. S. N. M.). Oklahoma: Mount Scott,
Comanche Co. (U. S. N. M.).

Under the name Cambarus gallinus this species has been recorded by Messrs.
T. D. A. Cockerell and Wihnath Porter (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, p.
434-435) from the Gallinas River at Las Vegas, San Miguel Co., in lakes at
Watrous, Mora Co., and from Roswell, Chaves Co., in the State of New Mexico.

366 CRAYFISHES.

Its range is now known to include the five states, Texas, Arkansas, New Mexico,
Oklalioma, and Kansas.

Cambarus gracilis Bundy.

New localities: — Illinois: Abingdon, Knox Co. (U.S. N. M.); Ocjuawka,
Henderson Co. (U. S. N. M.).

Cambarus hagenianus Faxon.
Plate 1; Plate 7, Fig. 1, 7.

Cambarus carolinus HA(iEN, nee Erichson.

Cambarus hagenianus Faxon, Proc. Amcr. Acad., 18S4, 20, p. 14.

This species has been hitherto known only through the type specimen in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology (No. 232), a male of the first form received
early in the history of the Museum from Professor Lewis R. Gibbes of Charleston,
S. C. The United States National Museum has recently received it in ample
numbers from the Agricultural College, Oktibbeha Co., Miss., and also from
Muldon, Monroe Co., Miss., and Farmdale, Ala. It is a pest to the cotton
growers of these regions, riddling the fields with its burrows, and devouring the
young plants; to a less degree it is destructive to young blades of maize or Indian
corn.'

Hagen's Crayfish attains to a length of three inches. It is nearly related
to C. gracilis Bundy, replacing that species in more southern localities. In C.
gracilis the sides of the rostrum are more nearly parallel; the sub-orbital angle,
which is pronounced in C. gracilis, is wanting in C. hagenianus. The branchio-
cardiac lines, although contiguous in both C. gracilis and C. hagenianus for a
considerable distance, obhterating the areola, are united for less distance in the
former than in the latter; the abdomen is much broader in C. gracilis, and the
longitudinal rib on the upper side of the inner branch of the last pair of abdominal
aj^pendages terminates in a spine which lies some distance from the posterior
margin, while in C. hagenianus this rib extends clear to the margin, where the
spine projects freely. The gonopods of the first form male are formed after a
similar fashion in C. hagenianus, C. gracilis, and C. simulans; there are three
terminal teeth (one of which is compressed or laminate) in C gracilis and C.

' Sec U. S. Depart. Agric, Rept. Bureau Biol. Surv. for 1911, p. 9; and A. K. Fishrr, Crawfish as
Crop Destroyers, Yearbook U. S. Depart. Agric. for 1911, 1912, p. 319-324, pi. 22.

CRAYFISHES. 367

simulans, but the smallest of the three is smaller in C. simulans than in C. gracilis
and lacks the horny texture ; in C. hagenianus the truncate end of the gonopods
bears but two teeth.

In the second form of the male the gonopods are less j^erfectly finished at
the tips, the terminal teeth being blunter and membranous. The annulus
ventralis of the female C. hagenianus is much like the annulus of C. gracilis,
being produced on each side of the median line into a prominent tubercle, each
tubercle tending to denticulation.

The specimens from Muldon, Miss., are peculiar in having a beard along
the internal border of the upper face of the hand in the males, as in Camharus
barbatus and Astacus gambelii.

Colour of living specimens from Muldon, Miss.: — Male (Plate 1, fig. 2),
metacarapace violet-gray with round greenish spots on the branchial regions;
procarapace greenish, dashed with red anteriorly; abdomen light orange, with
two longitudinal rows of irregular olive spots; chelae and carpus olive, the
tubercles and granules green; fingers and antennae orange, beard whitish.
Female (Plate 1, fig. 1), metacarapace bluish; procarapace, abdomen, and
chelae tending to green at the expense of the orange tints.

Few cases of colour differences correlated with sex have been noted among
Crustacea. See Andrews, Zool. Anz., Apr. 25, 1911, 37, p. 401.

Cambarus versutus Hagen.
New locality: — Auburn, Lee Co., Alabama (M. C. Z.).

Cambarus blandingii (Harlan).

New localities: — Virginia: Cape Henry, Princess Anne Co. (U. S. N. M.).
North Carolina: Mattamuskeet Lake, Hyde Co. (U. S. N. M.); Reedy Fork,
Cape Fear River, Greensboro, Guilford Co. South Carolina: Charleston Co.

(U. S. N. M.).

Cambarus blandingii acutus (Girard).

New localities: — Illinois: Greathouse Creek, Wabash Co. (U. S. N. M.).
Arkansas: Bruce Lake, Little Rock, Pulaski Co. (U. S. N. M.). Maryland:
Fulton Co. (U. S. N. M.). Mississippi: Rosedale, Bohvar Co. (U. S. N. M.).
Louisiana: Frierson, De Soto Co. (U. S. N. M.). Texas: Angelina River

(U. S. N. M.).

368 CRAYFISHES.

A large male, form I., in the U. S. National Museum, collected in 1897 in
the Mississippi River at New Orleans, La., measures 5| in. from the tip of the
rostrum to the end of the telson, the chelipeds are 61 in. long, the chelae 3| in.
long. The dimensions of a male of about the same size were given on page 23
of my RcA'ision of the Astacidae. This specimen also came from New Orleans
(M. C. Z., No. 3,327) and is the same one whose measure was given by Dr.
Hagen on page 37 of his Monograph of the North American Astacidae with an
errour of o\Tr an inch in the length.

Cambarus hayi Faxon.

New locality: — Agricultm-al College, Oktibbeha Co., Mississippi (U, S.
N. M.).

Cambarus fallax Hagen.

New localities: — Florida : Auburndale, Polk Co. ; Kissimmee River,
between L. Hatch and Kissimmee, Osceola Co.; Lake Monroe, near Sanford,
Orange Co.; St. Johns R., at Palatka, Putnam Co.; St. Johns River at Beecher
Point.

Cambarus acherontis Lonnberg.
New locality:— Ensiis, Lake Co., Florida, 2 5 f, IL, 7 9 , in U. S. N. M.

Cambarus clarkii Girard.

New localities: — Texas: Fort Clark, Kinney Co.; Seguin, Guadalupe Co.;
San Marcos, Hays Co.; Houston, Harris Co.; Corpus Christi, Nueces Co.;
Angelina River ; Beaumont, Jefferson Co. Louisiana: Lake Lepourde, Morgan
City, Saint Mary Co.; Melville, Saint Landry Co.; Frierson, De Soto Co.
Arkansas: Little Rock, Pulaski Co., (1 9 coll. by O. P. Hay, U. S. N. M., No.
19,762). All of the above are in the U. S. National Museum.

As noted in my Revision of the Astacidae, p. 26, specimens of C. clarkii
from New Orleans, La., differ sUghtly from the typical specimens from western
Texas in having the brancluo-cardiac lines in close appcsition for a long distance
through the procarapace, obliterating the areola and reducing the size of the
anterior and posterior triangular fields. This is well shown in Roetter's beauti-
ful drawing of a specimen from New Orleans in Hagen's Monograph of the North
American Astacidae, PI. 4.

CRAYFISHES. 369

Cambarus clarkii paeninsulanus, subsp. nov.

The examples of Clark's crayfish found in the peninsular portion of the
State of Florida differ slightly, albeit constantly, from the typical Texas form
in being smoother, in having a more tapering rostrum, and a shorter and broader
antennal scale ; there is moreover a slight difference in the shape of the tip of the
male sexual appendages: the anterior terminal tooth being narrower and more
acute than in the typical form in which this tooth is l)roadcr, more laminate and
less acute at the tip; in the Floridan subspecies, too, the anterior lialf of the tel-
son bears on each side from three to five spines, while in the typical C. clarkii
there are but two spines on each side.

Tijpe: M. C. Z., No. 3,530, 1 d" f • II. Three miles below Horse Landing,
St. John's River, Florida, Feb. 9, 1869, J. A. Allen.

There are a good many specimens of this subspecies in the U. S. National
Museum collected by W. C. Kendall at Beecher's Point, St. John's River, Fla.,
in February and March, 1897, Nos. 28,587, 28,589.

Cambarus wiegmanni Erichson.

This species is still imperfectly known; Erichson's type, which came from
Mexico, is no longer extant; it was described as having hooks on l)oth the third
and fourth pairs of legs in the male. A female individual from Mexico, in the
collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, was referred to
this species by Dr. Hagen and myself, although witli some doubt on account of
the want of male specimens. In 1906 Dr. Ortmann (Proc. Washington Acad.
Sci., 8, p. 15-19) described and assigned to this species a male belonging to the
Philadelphia Academy, collected by Professor E. D. Cope in 1885 in Lake Xochi-
milco, south of the City of ]\Iexico, in the Federal District; in this specimen the
legs of the third pair arc furnished with a very small tubercle only, while those
of the fourth pair are armed with a strongly de\'eloped hook.

Four specimens, three male, one female, recently collected by Mr. W. M.
Mann at San Miguel, State of Hidalgo, Mexico, and now in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, conform to Ortmann's description of the Cope specimens,
barring the fact that there is no vestige of even a tubercle on the third pair of
legs of the male, the fourth pair alone being provided with hooks; these speci-
mens may represent an undescribed species, but on account of the sad dearth of
requisite material and the loss of the type of C. wiegmanni the elucidation of
this question must needs be deferred to a later time.

370 CRAYFISHES.

Cambarus viae-viridis, sp. nov.
Plate 6.

Male, form I : — Rostrum long, triangular, plane above, margins raised so
as to form a sharp rim, destitute of lateral spines or angles; acumen strongly
deflexed, not clearly defined; a shallow depression or foveola at the posterior
end of the rostrum. Carapace punctate above, finely granulate on the sides;
post-orbital ridges terminating bluntly before; cervical groove sinuate, inter-
rujjted on each side; no lateral spine, branchiostegian spine minute; areola
narrow, equal in length to about one half the distance from the cervical groove
to the tip of the rostrum. Abdomen punctate, pleural angles rounded off, hind
border of anterior section of the telson bispinose on each side. Anterior process
of the epistome triangular, with slightly convex sides. Antennal scale short and
very broad, truncate at the anterior end. Chelipeds of moderate length ; upper
margin of the meros serrated, below there are two series of spines; carpus tuber-
culate and spinulose on the inner face ; chela of moderate proportions, with slender
fingers; superior margin of the hand spinulose, outer and inner faces spinu-
loso-tuberculate ; dactylus spinulose tlirough the proximal quarter of the su-
perior border. Basal segment of last pair of thoracic appendages provided with
a crest which is produced on the inner side into a projecting tooth. Third seg-
ment of thu'd and fourth pairs of legs hooked. First pair of abdominal append-
ages rather short, tip truncate, outer part furnished with a prominent horny
tooth and two minor denticles, inner part terminating in a straight spine, the
end of which does not reach to end of the largest tooth of the outer part.

Length 45 mm., carapace 23 mm., areola 7.5 mm., width of areola 5 mm.
Length of hand 17.5 mm. Length of palm 8 nmi., width of palm 5.5 mm.
Length of fingers 9.5 mm.

Annulus ventralis of the female transversely broad, with a deep sigmoid
sulcus which is open in front.

St. Francis River, Greenway, Clay Co., Arkansas, Aug. 1894, S. E. Meek
coll. M. C. Z., No. 7,336, 10 specimens, cf and 9 .

This species is allied to Cambarus evermanni Fax. from Pensacola, Fla.
It differs in having the upper surface of the rostrum flatter, with depressed acu-
men, the areola narrower, the hand broader, and also by the different character
of the tips of the male appendages. It falls into the group of species represented
by C. evermanni Fax., C. barbatus Fax., C. wiegmanni Erichs., C. hinei Ortm.,
and C. alleni Fax.

CRAYFISHES. 371

Cambarus alleni Faxon.

New localities: — Florida: Fort Florida, Volusia Co. (M.C. Z.); ponds near
Tampa, Hillsboro Co. (U. S. N. M.); Lake Butler, Tarpon Springs, Hillsboro
Co. (U. S. N. M.) ; Lake Yohopekalize, Kissiniinee, Osceola Co. (U. S.

N. M.).

Cambarus shufeldtii Faxon.

There is a male of this species, 21 mm. long, in the U. S. National Museum,
collected by Robert Kennicott at Cairo, 111. It has been previously known only
from the original type lot collected near New Orleans, La., by Dr. R. W. Shufeldt
in 1883.

Cambarus montezumae Saussure.

New locality: — Acambaro, State of Guanahuato, Mexico (Field Mus.
Nat. Hist.).

Cambarus montezumae dugesii Faxon.

New localities: — Mexico: Chalco, State of Mexico; Celaya, State of
Guanahuato; Lake Quitzeo, Huingo, State of Michoacan; La Barca and Lagos,
State of Jalisco; all of these are in the Field Museum of Natural History;
they were collected by Prof. S. E. Meek in 1901.

Cambarus montezumae chapalanus Faxon.

New localities: — Patzcuaro and Zirahuen, State of Michoacan, Mexico
(Field Mus. Nat. Hist.).

Cambarus montezumae occidentalis Faxon.

Two males, collected by Prof. S. E. Meek, in Lake Quitzeo, Huingo, State
of Michoacan, Mexico, and now deposited in the Field Museum of Natural
History, appear to belong to this subspecies. It has been already recorded
from the same place by Dr. A. E. Ortmann (Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 1906,
8, p. 20).

372 CRAYFISHES.

Cambarus sloanii Bundy.

Four specimens, males of the second form, collected by Mr. W. P. Hay
between Paoli and Wyandotte, Ind. (U. S. N. M., No. 19,776), and determined
by Mr. Hay as C. sloanii, differ in some important regards from the types of
C. sloanii from New Albany, Ind.: The tip of the inner ramus of the gonopods
is not deflected inward so strongly, the rostrum is longer, with a longer acumen,
the large claws are distinctly narrower, with relatively longer fingers, and the
outer row of spines on the lower face of the merus of the cheliped is reduced to a
single terminal spine. These specimens perhaps represent a new species or sub-
species, but in the absence of the first form of the male and the female I refrain
from naming it. .

Cambarus affinis (Say).

Ncui localities: — Maryland: .Sam's Creek, Frederick Co. (U. S. N. M.);
Little Pipe Creek at Union Bridge and near New Windsor, Carroll Co. (U. S. N.
M.); Northwest Branch near Hyattsville, Prince Georges Co. (U. S. N. M.).
Virginia: Orkney Springs, Shenandoah Co. (U. S. N. M.). Massachusetts:
Bancroft's Pond, Brown's Pond and Spring Pond, Peabody, Essex Co. (M. C. Z.) ;
Mansfield Pond, Great Barrington, Berkshire Co. (M. C. Z.) ;

This species, whose real home is in the rivers that flow into the Atlantic
in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, is now well established
in the town of Peabody, Essex Co., Mass. How or when it got there I do not
know. The first report of it came to me in 1901 when the late J. H. Sears
brought me a specimen 90 mm. long, which he had caught in Bancroft's Pond,
Peabody, on the 4th of August of that year. In Sept., 1911, Dr. John C. Phillips
secured a good many (43) specimens from Spring Pond, Brown's Pond and Ban-
croft's Pond in Peabody, some of them attaining a length of 9S mm.^ Dr. Phil-
lips's colle(!tor searched for crayfishes in the following ponds in Essex County
with negative results: — Hood's, Stephens, Four-Mile, Stiles's, Spofford's and
Perley Pond in Boxford, and Chebacco, Beck's, Round and tiravelly Ponds in
Hamilton.

On the 14th of June, 1912, I captured a female C. affinis, with j'oung under
her abdomen, in Mansfield Pond, Great Barrington, Berkshire Co., Mass.

' The largest Bpccinion of C. affinis in tlic Museum of Comparative Zoology, a female from Havre de
Grace, Md., No. ISO, ooUeetcd in 1854, measures 124 mm. from the tip of the rostrum to the end of the
telson. This is the individual figured, slightly lengthened, on Plate 5 of Hagcn's Monograph of the North
American Astacidae.

CRAYFISHES. 373

I was told in Great Barrington that these animals were introduced 10-15 years
ago into Lake Buel, on the borders of the neighboring towns of Monterey and
New Marlborough, by anglers who were using them as fish-bait, that they are
now exceedingly numerous in Lake Buel and have been probably transferred
thence to neighboring ponds by boys.

C. affinis has been introduced into Europe as a piscicultural experiment in
acclimatization at the Station Agricole at Fecamp, France,' and elsewhere.

This species has also been found of late in Central Park Lake, New York
City, and in Prospect Park Lake, Brooklyn; it has also been reported as intro-
duced into a lake in East Hampton, Middlesex Co., Conn. (Bull. N. Y. Zool.
Soc, Nov. 1912, 16, p. 924).

Cambarus propinquus Girard.

New localiUcs: — New York: Munnsville, Madison Co.; Glennmark
Creek, North Rose, Wayne Co.; Chaumont River, Batavia, Genesee Co.;
Seneca Lake; Mud Creek and Saint Lawrence River, Cape Vincent, Jefferson
Co.; Griffin's Creek, Chaumont, Jefferson Co.; Stony Island, Jefferson Co.;
Stony Creek, Henderson Harbor, Jefferson Co.; Sandy Creek, North Hamlin,
Monroe Co.; Nine-Mile Point, Webster, Monroe Co.; Selkirk, Oswego Co.;
Marsh Creek, Point Breeze, Orleans Co. ; Tonawanda Creek; Canada Way Creek,
Dunkirk, Chautauqua Co.; Van Buren Point, Chautauqua Co.; Silver Creek,
Chautauqua Co. ; Cattaraugus Creek. Ohio : Cowles Creek, Geneva, Ashtabula
Co. ; Conneaut Creek, Kingsville, Ashtabula Co. ; Rocky River, Olmsted Falls,
Cuyahoga Co. ; Port Clinton, Ottawa Co. ; Catawba Island, Ottawa Co. ; Lake-
side, Ottawa Co. Indiana: Tippecanoe River, Belong, Fulton Co.; Sims, Grant
Co. ; Winona Lake, Kosciusko Co. ; Eagle Lake, Warsaw, Kosciusko Co. ; Evans-
ville, Vanderburg Co. ; Eel River and Blue River, Columbia City, Whitley Co.
Illinois: Wabash R., Hutsonville, Crawford Co. (Mus. Comp. Zool.); Kan-
kakee River, Momence, Kankakee Co.; Ilhnois River, Havana, Mason Co.
Michigan : Raisin River, Monroe, Monroe Co. ; Black Creek, Lexington, Sanilac
Co. ; Port Sanilac, Sanilac Co. ; Grand River below Lansing, Ingham Co. ; Wolf
Lake, Jackson Co.; Long Lake, 8 miles north of Alpena, x\lpena Co.; Tawas
City, Iosco Co.; Au Sable River, Au Sable, Iosco Co.; mouth of Carp River, 12
miles from Straits of Mackinac; Mullet Lake, Cheboygan Co. (U. S. N. M.).
Mexico: Jimenez, State of Chihuahua (Field Mus. Nat. Hist.).

The locality Jimenez, Mexico, is such an extraordinary one for this species
' Acclimatation des Ecrevisses Amerioaines. Revue Scientifique, Jan. 9, 1897, ser. 4, 7, p. 56.

374 CRAYFISHES.

that one might well suspect some error if the origin of the specimens were not
so well attested. Seven specimens, males of the first form, now in the Field
Museum of Natural History, were collected by Mr. S. E. Meek, together with
four female C. virilis, June 9, 1901, in the drainage of the Rio de los Conchos,
one of the southern tributaries of the Rio Grande. They were picked out from
among the fishes which were the chief object of Mr. Meek's exploration of
Mexico and sent to me for determination in January, 1902.

The conditions obtaining at the time and place of their capture are thus
described by Mr. Meek in his account of the fishes secured during his Mexican
explorations of 1901 :^

"At Jimenez the Rio Conchos w-as nearly dry. "ur collections were made from a few deep holes
about two miles below the city. These contained a large amount of acjiiatic vegetation, which made
collecting difficult and unsatisfactory. The water was very clear, and in the deeper places were seen
many large suckers which we were unable to capture. Sunfishes were very abundant. All of these
streams become large and deep in the rainy season, at which time the Rio Conchos at Jiminez becomes
two hundred or more feet, in width and as much as fifteen feet in depth."

Cambarus propinquus sanbornii Faxon.

New localUies: — Ohio: Black River, Elyria, Lorain Co.; Hudson, Summit
Co.; Vermilion River ; Cuyahoga River, Kent, Portage Co. ; Dover Creek, Dover,
Cuyahoga Co. West Virginia: Horse Creek (U. S. N. M.).

Cambarus obscurus Hagen.

New localities: — New^ York: Cattaraugus Creek. West Virginia : Cassity,
Randolph Co.; Cheat River, Ises Ferry, Sand Run, Childer's Run, and
Trubie's Run, near Buckhannon, Upshur Co.; Queens, Upshur Co.; Weston,
Lewis Co.; Hacker's Creek, near Janelew, Lewis Co.; Ten-Mile Creek at
Lumberport, Harrison Co.; Decker's Creek above Morgantown, Monongalia
Co. (U. S. N. M.).

Cambarus obscurus is an abundant river species in the Upper Ohio River
Basin in northern West Virginia, and western Pennyslvania. It is also found
in the Lake Erie and Lake Ontario drainage in the states of Pennsylvania and
western New York, and in Wills Creek, an affluent of the Potomac River, at
Hyndman, Bedford Co., Pa., and EUerslie, Allegany Co., Md.- In the U. S.

'A Contribution to the Ichthyology of Mexico. Field Columbian Museum, Publ. C5, Zo(>l. Ser.,
May, 1902, 3, p. 65.

2 Ortmaun, Mem. Carnegie Mus., 1906, 2, p. 445.

CRAYFISHES. 375

National Museum there is a female crayfish (No. 22,518) collected by D. S.
Jordan in northern Wisconsin which looks like this species, but the locality is
an extraordinary one for this species and should not be accepted as authentic
until confirmed by securing more material.

Cambarus rusticus Girard.

New localities: — Iowa : West Fork of Des Moines River, Spring Vale,
Humboldt Co. (M. C. Z.). Ohio: Sandusky River, Fremont, Sandusky Co.;
Presque Isle, Perrysburg, Wood Co. Indiana: Moot's Creek, Wliite Co.;
Salmonie River, Mount Etna, Huntington Co. Kentucky: Salt River.
Tennessee: Richland Creek, Nashville, Davidson Co. (U. S. N. M.).

Cambarus neglectus Faxon.

Neiv localities: — Missouri: Indian Creek, McDonald Co. (U. S. N. M.).
Colorado : Republican River, Wray, Yuma Co. (M. C. Z.).

Cambarus spinosus gulielmi, subsp. nov.

Cambarus spinosus Hay, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1902, 25, p. 439 {ncr Bandy).

Cephalothorax shorter than the abdomen, densely punctate above, gran-
ulate on the sides, the granules largest on the hepatic region where they assume
the form of small tubercles; the whole surface, but more particularly the sides,
is clothed with fine setae arising as pencils from the pits of the dorsal surface and
the granules of the sides; the rostrum is deeply excavated above, its sides paral-
lel from the base to the lateral pair of teeth at the base of the moderately long,
triangular apex; the post-orbital ridges are prominent and provided with a
small tooth at the anterior end ; the sula-orbital angle is obUterated, but there
is a well-developed branchiostegian spine, as well as a lateral spine on the cervical
groove; the section of the carapace behind the cervical groove in the median
dorsal line is a little less than one half the distance from the cervical groove
to the tip of the rostrum. Areola of moderate width. The anterior segment
of the telson bears two spines on each side. The anterior process of the epis-
tome is moderately broad, its sides convex, its anterior angle rounded off. The
antennal flagella are long and slender, — longer than the body ; the scale or scapho-
cerite is of moderate width, widest at a point a little anterior to the middle.
The chelae, like the carapace, bear numerous setae springing from the pits and

376 CRAYFISHES.

tubercles on its surface; the inner border of the hand is furnished with squamoid
tubercles disposed for the most in two longitudinal rows; along the distal half
of the outer border of the hand there runs a low, but well-marked, carina; the
dactylus is tuberculate on its free border, bkmt-toothed (like the immobile finger)
along its prehensile edge and ridged longitudinally along its outer face; the
carpus is armed with an acute spine on the middle of its internal border, and with
a small tubercle at each end of the same border; belo^y, the median carpal spine
is well pronounced and there is a small acute spine at the inferior point of articu-
lation with the propodus; the two customary spines are present near the anterior
end of the upper margin of the merus ; the outer of the two rows of spines on the
lower face of the merus is reduced to two at the distal end. The dorsal carina of
the inner branch of the last abdominal appendages terminates in a tooth a little
distance within the hind margin.

The gonopods, in the second form of the male, are long and straight, reaching
forward, when the abdomen is flexed, as far as the basal segments of the second
pair of legs; their rami are rather thick, blunt at the tip, and the outer one is
but a trifle longer than the inner one; when viewed from the inner side the two
rami are fused up to within a short distance of the end of the organ.

The annulus ventralis of the female is bituberculate in front, unituberculate
behind, the anterior and posterior walls being separated by a transverse fossa
which is divided longitudinally by tlie sigmoid fissure.

Dimensions of a female: — length, 73 mm., length of carapace, 37 mm.,
length of rostrum from tiji to a level with tlie post-orbital spines, 11 mm., width
of rostrum at base, 5 nmi., length of areola, 12 mm., width of areola, 2 mm., length
of cheliped, 54.5 mm., length of chela, 27.5 mm., lireadth of chela, 12 mm., length
of dactylus, 16 imn.

This crayfish is closely related to the Cambarus spinosus of Bundy, but is
different in the following respects: — the body is more villous, the metacarapace
longer in proportion to the procarapace, the anterior process of the epistome
is much narrower than in the types of Bundy's species and (what has most
weight in regarding it as a subspecies) the external sexual organs are clearly
different. The gonopods in C. s. gulielmi being shorter, the rami thicker, blunter,
nearly equal in length, and separate for but a short distance from the tip, while
in C. spinosus the rami are slender, pointed, the outer one exceeding the inner
by a great distance and the split between the two parts involving a large part
of the length of the organ. The annulus ventralis of the female, though of the
same type as that of the typical C. spinosus, differs slightly in having a more open
transverse fossa.

CRAYFISHES. ' 377

The villosity may be an evanescent character, as it is a condition often
apparent in individuals that have recently undergone a moult; at a later period
the setae are apt to disappear by attrition.

U. S. National Museum, Nos. 20,379, 12 c? f. II., 14 9 . From a small
stream flowing from a pond fed by the cave stream known as John Ross Spring,
near Rossville, Walker Co., Georgia, Aug. 23, 1901, William Perry Hay coll.

Cambarus PUTNAM! Faxou.

Upward of one hundred specimens of a crayfish closely resembling C. putnami
were collected by Mr. W. P. Hay in southwestern West Virginia in the summer
of 1900. They were found in the shallower parts of streams, usually under
flat stones, — in Barrenshe Creek, near Perryville, U. S. N. M., No. 25,018,
28,613, and Horsepen Creek, (U. S. N. M. No. 28,612) and War Creek (U. S.
N. M. No. 28,614). In these specimens the rami of the gonopods are a trifle
longer than in the types of ('. putnami from Kentucky, the rostrum, moreo\'er,
shows a pretty constant faint carina on its upper surface, near the tip, and the
anterior angle of the epistome is truncate. These peculiarities do not seem to
me important enough to separate this form nominally from C. putnami.

According to Mr. Hay's notes their colour when alive was olive-green on the
dorsal surface of the body and chelipeds, changing to vinaceous on the sides,
under parts and other api^endages; the tips of the fingers were horn-yellow and
preceded by a rather broad band of dark orange-red.

Cambarus longidigitus Faxon.

New locality: — James River, Springfield, Green Co., Missouri (U. S. N. M.
No. 20,856).

James River, Missouri, without further specification of locality, is the type
locality of Camdarus whitmani Steele,' wMch as far as can be seen from the
description is the same as C. longidigitus.

Cambarus virilis Hagen.

New localities: — Indiana: Prairie Creek, Scotland, Green Co. Illinois:
Henderson Co.; Kankakee River, Momence, Kankakee Co. Michigan: Belle
Isle, Detroit, Wayne Co. ; Pigeon River, Caseville, Huron Co. ; Bird Creek, Port

'Univ. Cincinnati Bull. No. lU, 1902, p. 24.

378 CRAYFISHES.

Austin, Huron Co.; Sand Beach, Huron Co.; Pinnebog River, Port Crescent,
Huron Co.; Mud Creek, Bay Port, Huron Co.; Black River, near Port Huron,
Saint Clair Co. ; Pine River, West Harrisville, Alcona Co. ; Au Sable River, Au
Sable, Iosco Co.; Rabbit's Back Creek, 5 miles above Saint Ignace, Mackinac Co. ;
12 miles from Straits of Mackinac. Minnesota: Deer River, Itasca Co.; Lake
of the Woods. North Dakota: Borit's Ford, Cheyenne River. Nebraska:
Lincoln Creek, York, York Co. Missouri: CUnton, Henry Co. (U. S. N. M.).
Colorado: Republican River, Wray, Yuma Co. (M. C. Z.). Mexico: Jimenez,
State of Cliihuahua (Field Mus. Nat. Hist.).

The Mexican specimens (four females) were collected by Mr. S. E. Meek
from deep holes, Rio de los Conchos, about two miles below Jimenez, June 9,
190L For the circumstances of their capture, see under Cambarus propinquus,
page 373, 374.

Cambarus immunis Hagen.
Plate 2, 6.

Neiv localities: — Nebraska: Norfolk, Madison Co. (U. S. N. M.); Elkhorn
River, Fremont, Dodge Co. (U. S. N. M.); Omaha, Douglas Co. (M. C. Z.).
Missouri: Lake City, Jackson Co. (M. C. Z.). Iowa: West Fork of Des
Moines River, Spring Vale, Humboldt Co. (M. C. Z.). Michigan: Pine River
near West Harrisville, Alcona Co. (U. S. N. M.); Caseville, Huron Co. (U. S.
N. M.) ; mouth of Bunce River, south of Port Huron, St. Clair Co. (U. S. N. M.).
Illinois: Wabash Co. (U. S. N. M.); Indian Creek, Abingdon, Knox Co. (U. S.
N. M.); Illinois River, Havana, Mason Co. (U. S. N. M.). Ohio: Cedar Point,
and Presque Isle, Toledo, Lucas Co. (U. S. N. M.) ; Toussaint River, ten miles be-
low Port CUnton, Ottawa Co. (U. S. N. M.). New York: Pond near the
mouth of Cattaraugus Creek, Chautauqua Co. (U. S. N. M.) ; Silver Creek, Chau-
tauqua Co. (U. S. N. M.) ; Fish Creek, Buffalo, Erie Co. (U. S. N. M.) ; Stony Is-
land, Jefferson Co. (U. S. N. M.). Massachusetts: Pontoosuc Lake, Lanes-
borough, Berkshire Co. (M. C. Z.) ; Onota Lake, Goodrich Pond and Housatonic
River, Pittsfield, Berkshire Co. (M. C. Z.) ; East Washacum Pond, Sterling, Wor-
cester Co. (M. C. Z.); Blackstone River, Uxbridge, Worcester Co. (M. C. Z.);
Lake Boone, Stow, Middlesex Co. (Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.) ; Walden Pond, Con-
cord, Middlesex Co. (M. C. Z.). New Hampshire: Lake Winnepesaukee
(U. S. N. M.).

Cambarus immunis, taken as a whole, has an enormous range, as a common
species, through the western states, from northern Ohio, through Indiana,

CRAYFISHES. 379

Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska,
into Colorado and Wyoming.' To the eastward of Lorain County, Ohio, it
has hitherto been recorded from onh' two localities, both in the state of New
York: in 1891 Mr. Gerrit Smith Miller, Jr., brought me three specimens which he
found in July of that year in a small stream flowing into Oneida Lake; these were
recorded by me in 1898 (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20, p. u54) ; in 190G Dr. Ortmann
(Mem. Carnegie Mus., 2, p. 467) called attention to specimens in the New Y^ork
State Museum which had been taken by Mr. F. C. Paulmier in Rensselaer Lake,
Rensselaer Co., N. Y. I can now add to the New York stations for this
species the following: — pond near the mouth of Cattaraugus Creek, and Silver
Creek, Chautauqua Co. (U. S. N. M. Nos. 22,417, 22,408) ; Fish Creek, Buffalo,
Erie Co. (U. S. N. M. No. 22,418) ; and Stony Island, at the eastern end of
Lake Ontario, Jefferson Co. (U. S. N. M. No. 22,409).

My first knowledge of this species as an inhabitant of Massachusetts was
obtained when I was walking across the mud-flats at the upper end of Pontoosuc
Lake on the 11th of November, 1899. The numerous mud-towers or "chim-
neys" here rising above the level of the flat at once betrayed the abode of
some kind of burrowing crayfish. Although the soil was then frozen so as to
make exploration difficult, I satisfied myself that the builders of the little mud-
towers had withdrawn to their brumal retreats in the deeper waters of the Lake,
leaving behind them onlj^ one dead companion, a first-form male C. immunis
spinirostris (M. C. Z. No. (3,687). Here the matter rested until, during a visit
to Berkshire in 1911, I ascertained that tliis crayfish was abundant on the
12th of August among the water-weeds at the head of Pontoosuc Lake. Two
days later I searched for it at the northern end of Onota Lake in Pittsfield and
again found it in altogether similar surroundings, albeit in much smaller num-
bers than in the neighbouring Pontoosuc or Lanesborough Pond.

On the 15th of June, 1912, I again collected this crayfish at the outlet of
Goodi'ich's Pond and in the Housatonic River just above Pomeroy's Mills,
in Pittsfield.

These specimens from Berkshire Co., Mass., agree in most respects with
the types of C. immunis spinirostris, which were collected in Obion County,
Tennessee. The rostrum in the Massachusetts examples tapers a little more
between the base and the ante-apical teeth and, the antennal scales are a little
shorter in proportion to the length of the rostrum. Compared with the typical

1 Tliere are two .spepinipns of C. imtnunis, a^ f. II. and 9 , in tlic U. .S. Xational Museum, Xo. 3,257,
labelled as eoming from Orizaba, Mexico, througli Professor Sumichrast.

380 CRA\TISHES.

form of C. irnmunis from Illinois, C. immunis spinirosfris differs in having a
distinct spine or tooth on each side of the rostrum near the tip, more prominent
post-orbital and branchiostegian spines and a shorter posterior section of the
carapace in relation to the section in front of the cervical groove (the proportion
being 1:2 or even less in C. i. spinirostris); the claw, too is narrower, with
proportionally longer and slenderer fingers.

In full-grown living specimens from Pontoosuc Lake (Plate 2, fig. 2) the
dominant colour of the carapace is a rich Vandyke brown shading into tawny olive
on the sides; the cardiac area is conspicuously marked off by being a much lighter
colour, — tawny olive ; the abdomen is beautifully mottled above with darker
and lighter shades of tawny olive; the legs are olive-coloured.

In the young, 27 mm. long, from the same locality (Plate 2, fig. I), the brown
of the adult is replaced by an olive-green which pervades the whole dorsal side
of the creature and is delicately varied by mottling of olive-buff; the cardiac
area is of the latter hue and is continued backward, through the whole length of
the abdomen, as a broad median band; the appendages are delicate olive-green,
changing to a pinkish tint at the tips of the claws.

C. i. spinirostris was first described from Obion County, Tennessee; it has
also been recorded from Omaha, Nebraska (Pearse), Shawnee County, Kansas
(Faxon), Douglas County, Kansas (Harris), Vigo County, Indiana (W. P. Hay),
Ottawa Co., Ohio (Pearse), and Long Point Creek, Canada (Pearse). As a mat-
ter of fact, specimens of C. immunis agreeing more or less closely with the form
which I described as var. spinirostris are to be found pretty nuich throughout
the range of the species. I have seen such among material collected in Ne-
braska, Kansas, Missouri, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and New York. I
am therefore disposed to regard it as a variety rather than a true geographical
race or subspecies, although it is true that all of the Massachusetts specimens
possess the characters of spinirostris.

Wlien Cambarus immunis was first discovered in Berksliire County, Mass.,
it had been recorded from only one place (Oneida Lake, N. Y.) east of Lorain
County, Ohio, and in the State of Ohio it had been recorded from Ijut three locali-
ties — Huron River at Huron, Erie County (Osburn and Williamson, (Jth Ann.
Rept. Ohio State Acad., 1898, p. 11), Sandusky, Erie County (Faxon, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1898, 20, p. 654), and Lake Erie, Lorain Co. (Osburn and Williamson,
I. c). I was therefore formerly inclined to think that its presence in Berkshii-c
County, Mass., was due to artificial introduction, like the Catnbarus affinis
in the ponds of Essex County, Mass.; but I have now before me specimens from

CRAYFISHES. 381

along the Ohio shore of Lake Erie from Lucas County, through Ottawa Countj^
to Erie and Lorain Counties, from the New York borders of the same Lake in
Chautauqua and Erie Counties, from the eastern end of Lake Ontario and from
Lake Oneida; while Ortmann's discovery of the specimens in the Albany i\Iu-
seum from Renssalaer County, N. Y., extends the eastward distribution of this
crayfish up to Berkshire County, Mass. In the light of all the evidence now col-
lected it seems to me possible, if not probable, that Berkshire County is the
eastern limit of the natural distribution of this species and that the discontinuity
results from imperfect exploration of the waters of New York State. It should
be noted however, for what it is worth, that the Berkshire countrymen whom I
have questioned believe the crayfishes are a comparatively late addition to the
fauna of the Lakes.

However this may l^e, there can !)e no reasonable doubt that the presence
of this crayfish in Worcester and Middlesex Counties, Mass., and in Lake Winne-
pesaukee, N. H., is the result of artificial transference at a comparatively recent
date. The first time this animal was found in Walden Pond, Concord, Middle-
sex County, Mass., so far as I can learn, was in the summer of 1909, when two
or more were captured, as I am told by Mr. Reginald Heber Howe, Jr., of the
Middlesex School, Concord. In 1910 Mr. Howe sent me a fine specimen, a
male about 3| inches long, which had been taken in the Pond, and in early Octo-
ber, 1911, the Rev. Smith Owen Dexter and Mr. H. Richardson of C'oncord
secured two specimens by a long search under the stones on the edge of Walden,
Mr. Dexter's specimen, taken from the Pond the 9th of October, when about Ij
inches long, lived in my aquarium until April (3, 1912, casting its shell twice,
on February 20 and March 19, and attaining a length of l| inches. On the 14th
of June, 1912, Mr. Dexter collected four sjjecimens, ranging from 21 to 41 inches
in length, from the borders of the Pond, and still more during the following
month. On the 24th of July, 1912, Mr. W. F. Clapp and I got six specimens
there.

I have been told by citizens of Concord that two men who fishetl in Walden
Pond about ten years ago (c. 1903), using crayfishes for bait, threw their surplus
bait into the Pond and thus unwittingly stocked it with these creatures.

Walden Pond is apparently a most uncongenial abode for Cambarus immunis,
being clear as a well and almost destitute of vegetable growth. The favourite
haunts of this species are rather muddy waters stocked with a rank growth of
pond weeds.

In 1913 specimens of this crayfish were collected in Boone Pontl, Stow,

382 CRAYFISHES.

Middlesex County, Mass., by Professor G. H. Barton. Boone Pond drains
into the Assabet River. Walden Pond has no visible inlet or outlet.

Dr. D. L. Belding, of the Mass. Fish Commission, collected several speci-
mens in East Washacum Pond, Sterling, Worcester Co., Mass. (Nashua River
drainage), Oct. 10, 1912; Mr. W. F. Clapp found many in the Blackstone River,
at Uxbridge, Worcester County, Mass., Sept. 29, 1913, and there is a specimen
in the United States National Museum collected in 1913 in Lake Winnepe-
saukee, N. H.

In colour as well as in all other characters the Walden Pond and Blackstone
River specimens agree i:)erfectly with those from Berkshire County. Those
from Boone Pond, Sterling, and Lake Winnepesaukee I have seen only after they
had been immersed in alcohol and lost their colour; in other respects they too
are conformable to the Berkshire County variety, i. e., C. i. spinirostris.

Cambarus validus, sp., nov.
Plate 7, Fig. 3, 4, 8; Plate 13, Fii;-. 1.

Male, form L — Similar to C. immunis Hag., but differs as follows: — the
rostrum is relatively narrower, less tapering from the base to the lateral angles
at the proximal entl of the acumen, its margins are more distinctly raised so that
the upper surface of the rostrum appears to be more deeply hollowed out. The
foveola at the base of the rostrum in C. immunis is scarcely evident in ('. vdlidus.
The chela is very much larger, more powerful and of a different form from tliat
of C. immunis; the iimnovable finger is curved strongly outward at the base,
giving a convex outline to the external margin of the hand; the moval^le finger
is furnished with a double row of tubercles running along its external margin,
while the inner margin is not excised at the base and is armed with a row of eight
or nine round bead-like tubercles; the chela is as long as the carapace, and broad
and inflated. The lower face of the carpus is furnished with only a rudimentary,
blunt, median spine or tubercle. The sub-orbital angle is less prominent, the
posterior wall of the orbit forming a perpendicular straight line. The anterior
process of the epistome is much broader, with the anterior end truncated but
not notched. In other regards, including the form of the sexual appendages
it agrees with C. iymnunis. The rostrum is devoid of lateral teeth or spines,
like the typical form of C. immunis.

Length, 68 mm.; length of carapace, 33.5 mm.; length from tip of rostrum

CRAYFISHES. 383

to cervical groove, 22 mm.; length of chela, 35 mm.; Iireadth of chela, 15 mm.;
length of dactylus, 21.5 mm.

Huntsville, Madison Co., Alabama. One male, form I. M. C. Z., No. 301.

This specimen was considered to be C. immunis by Hagen, is mentioned
1)}' him on page 72 of his Monograph, and its chela is probably the one figured
by him on PI. VIII, fig. b. Compare my "Revision of the Astacidae," p. 100.

Six specimens in the U. S. National Museum, three of which are males of the
second form, and three females (No. 23,092) collected by Mr. J. E. Benedict at
Nashville, Tennessee, in May, 1897, without much doubt are conspecific with
the type specimen of C. validus. As they are younger than the type specimen,
and as the first form of the male is not represented among them, the peculiarities
of the species are not so well pronounced. The chelae are proportionally smaller
and the curve of the immobile finger is less. This finger, as in the type specimen
and in C. wimunis, is hea\-ily Ijearded within at the base. The gonopodsof the
males are similar to those of second-form males of C. immunis, but less strongly
curved; indeed the curve of the stem of the organ is no greater than it is in C.
virilis, but the ])limt reciu-\'ed tips are subequal as in C. immunis; in other words
the shape of the second form male organ is the same as in C. alabamensis. The
annulus ventralis of the female is virtually the same as in C. immunis.

Cambarus mississippiensis Faxon.

New locality: — Agricultural College, Oktibbeha Co., Mississippi (U. S.

N. M.).

Cambarus lancifer Hagen.

A female specimen, collected by Robert Kennicott at Cairo, 111., is in the
U. S. National Museum. The few specimens heretofore known have come from
Root Pond, jVIiss., Vicksburg, Miss., and the St. Francis Ri\-er at Greenway and
Big Bay, Clay Co., Ark.

Cambarus bartonii (Fabricius).

New localities: — Maine: Little Madawoska River, a tributary of Aroostook
River at New Sweden, Aroostook Co. (M. C. Z.); brook tributary to
Ai-oostook River at Caribou, Ar-oostook Co. (Coll. W. P. Hay). New York:
Schoharie Creek, Catskill Mts., Green Co. alt. 2,000 ft. (U. S. N. M.); Little

384 CRAYFISHES.

Simonds's Pond, Franklin Co. (M. C. Z.); Three-Mile Creek, Oswego, Oswego
Co. (U. S. N. M.). Virginia: Broad Run and Gap Run, Fauquier Co. (U.
S. N. M.) ; Orkney Spring.s, Shenandoah Co. (U. S. N. M.) ; Stony Man Mt.,
3000 ft., Madison Co. (U. S. N. M.) ; Peaks of Otter, 2600 ft., Bedford Co.
(U. S. N. M.). West Virginia: West Branch of Potomac River, 5 miles west
of Circleville, Pendleton Co. (U. S. N. M.) ; Rich Creek, Spanishburg, Mercer
Co. (U. S. N. M.); Trubie's Run, 7 miles above Buckhannon, Upshur Co.
(U. S. N. M.). North Carolina: Looking-Glass Creek, Ti-ansylvania Co.,
3300 ft. (U. S. N. M.); near Montreat, Buncombe Co. (U. S. N. M.). Ten-
nessee: 7 miles northwest of Chattanooga, Hamilton Co. (U. S. N. M.);
Little River, a tributary of the Tennessee River at Cade's Cave (U. S. N. M.).
The Barton's Crayfish of >\roostook County in Northern Maine (of which
thoie is a large collection in the United States National Museum from the
AUegash River a little below Chamberlain Lake, Churchill Lake, Eagle or
Heron Lake, Crosslake Throughfare, and Bean Lake, St. Francis River) is a
small, clean form that in these clear, cool, northern waters shows a slight
differentiation from the typical C. bartonii from the Middle States. The
rostrum is more strongly decurved and the fingers are narrower and more cyhn-
drical and gape widely at the base. The differences between this form and the
type ne\'ertheless do not seem to be great enough or constant enough to warrant
a subspecific separation.

Cambarus bartonii carinirostris Hay MS., subsp. nov.

"Rostrum of medium length, verj' l)road, nearly plane or slightly excavated
above and with a more or less distinct, median, longitudinal carina; acumen
sliort, broad, with concave sides, its tip strongly ui:)turned. Carapace with a
spinulose angle below the eye; branchiostegian spine obsolescent; areola of
moderate wudth. Telson bi- or tri-spinose on each side. Antennae, when
extended backward, reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen. Chelipeds
stout and heavy, chelae broad and strong, heavily punctate above and below;
inner margin of hand obscurely serrato-denticulate; fingers usually gaping at
the base, strong down curved, pitted in lines, upper surface heavily ribbed.
Otherwise essentially the same as typical C. bartonii.

"This form, which I regard as a well-marked subspecies, is in typical ex-
amples very like C. bartonii in general, but different in the following regards: —
the carapace is a little more cylindrical, the rostrum l)roader and flatter, and

CRA\TISHES. 385

always furnished near the tip with a niedian longitudinal carina. This carina is
usually well defined and extends from near tlie acumen l:)ackward to about the
middle of the broad flat surface of the rostrum; it is generally followed by an ill-
defined and very shallow fo\eola. In less typical specimens the carina is reduced
to a very low, rounded, almost invisible elevation just between the lateral angles
of the rostrum, or in some cases is wanting altogether; in such specimens the
other characters, — cylindrical carapace and broad, flat rostrum, — will hardly
be sufficient to separate them from other closely related subspecies.

"Type, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 23,962. Gandy Creek, Osceola, Randolph
Co., W. Va. W. P. Hay coll., July 12, 1899. Mas, forma secunda.

"This crayfish is abundant in the main stream as well as in the tributaries
of the Tygart's Valley and Cheat Rivers in Randoliih County, West Virginia.
I have collected typical examples from the Tygart's Valley River at Beverly
and near Elkins. It is most abundant, however, further east in the Cheat River
basin, and Osceola may be regarded as approximately the centre of its distribu-
tion."—W. P. Hay M8.

C. h. carinirostris Hay is a slightly differentiated local form of C. bartonii
found chiefly in the mountain streams of Randolph Co., W. Va., the Cheat and
Tygart's Valley Rivers and their tributaries. Outside of Randolph County, Mr.
Hay secured a few specimens at Albright, Preston Co., at Queens, Upshur Co.,
in the above-named river-basins. It is also probably to be found in the upper
waters of the Kanawha River basin further to the south, since there are a few
specimens in the U. S. National Museum (Nos. 23,975, 28,605) from the West
Fork of the Greenbrier River, near Durbin, Pocahontas Co., and from Laurel
Creek, in second Water Cave, near Greenville, Monroe Co., that are pretty char-
acteristic examples of this race.

The median carina on the upper surface of the rostrum is a rather elusive
character, in many individuals it is scarcely if at all apparent. Such specimens
retain, nevertheless the peculiar quadrangular outline of the rostrum, which
is often a trifle broader at the base of the acumen than it is in the middle.
The areola is of moderate width and not so thickly pitted as it is in C. b.
montanus.

The dimensions of Mr. Hay's type are as follows: —

Length, 63 mm.; length of carapace, 32 mm.; length of areola, llj mm.;
width of areola, 21 nun. ; width of rostrum Ijetween the eyes, 4 mm. ; length of
chela, 25 mm.; breadth of chela lli mm.; length of dactylus, I62 mm.

386 CRAYFISHES.

Cambarus bartonii montanus (Girard).

In looking over any extensive collection of Cambarus hnrloiui from the Alle-
ghany Mountain region of Virginia and West Virginia one is struck by the
tendency of the material before him to fall into two sets of forms, one charactei'-
ized by a rather narrow areola, sparsely sown with impressed points or dots
which incline to a serial arrangement in three or four longitudinal rows; while
in the other set the areola is shorter and proportionally broader, and its field
is thickly strewn with innumerable dots. On further examination it will be
seen that the narrower areola usually goes with a shorter and broader rostrum,
a more depressed and oval carapace and a narrower antennal scale. These two
forms are often found in the same locality and with these alone in \'iew one might
be justified in deeming them two well-differentiated species, but it soon becomes
clear that in other places specimens are found that combine in a most perplexing
fashion the features of our tAvo supposed species.

The second of the two forms above noticed, the one with the shorter and
broader and more thickly punctate areola and longer rostriun is the one too
curtly diagnosed by CJirard under the name of Cambarus montanus.

Girard's description of C. montamis is as follows: — "Antennte more elon-
gated and more filiform than in C. Bartonii. Rostrum intermediate in shape
between the latter and C. carolinus, being proportionally longer than in C. Bar-
tonii and shorter and less tapering than in C. carolinus. Dorsal sutures of the
carapace more apart than in both of the latter species.

■ ' Localities. — Within the Alleghany ranges in Virginia and Maryland :
tributaries of James River in Rockbridge Co. (Va.) ; Shenandoah River in
Clarke Co. (Va.), and Cumberland (Md.) of the hydrographical basin of the
Potomac ; Sulphur Spring, Greenbrier River, an affluent of the Kenhawa River
(Va.) [now W. Va.] of the Ohio basin."

When Dr. Hagen was preparing his Monograph of the North .\merican
Astacidae in 1868, he had the opportunity to examine one of Girard's types of
C. montanus from Greenbrier River, W. Va., sent to him by Wm. Stimpson who
then had the types from the Smithsonian Institute in Chicago, where in 1871 they
were most unfortunately destroyed by the disastrous conflagration of that year.

Sixteen years later, while I was revising the Astacidae, I had the advantage
of close personal intercourse with Dr. Hagen and free use of his notes and memo-
randa. The identity of Girard's Cambarus montanus is thus assured by an
unbroken tradition. Neither Dr. Hagen nor myself in my earlier publications
esteemed this form worthy of even a subspecific name, although its characters

CRAYFISHES. 387

were pointed out in my Revision, p. 64. It may be well in our present more
advanced knowledge of the C. harlonii group to recognize C. montanus as a
geographical race or subspecies of C. bartonii.

In the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia there
is a young male, labelled "James River, Va., C. tiiontanus?" which is very prob-
ably a cotype or paratype of Girard's Cambarus montanus. With regard to this
and other quasi types of Girard's species in the Philadelphia Academy, the reader
is referred to Hagen's Monograph, p. 7, and my Revision, p. 11.

I have examined specimens of C. bartonii montanus, nearly or quite typical,
from the following localities :— Virginia : Wytheville,Wythe Co. (U. S. N. M., No.
13,966, M. C. Z., No. 3,838); Rocky Gap, Bland Co. (U. S. N. M., No. 28,568.)
West Virginia: Horsepen Creek, [Mingo Co.?] (U. S. N. M. No. 28,5.55) ; Madam
Creek, tributary of New River, opposite Hinton, Summers Co. (U. S. N. M.,
No. 28,556, M. C. Z., No. 7,398) ; Bergen's Springs, 12 miles above Hinton (U. S.
N. M., No. 28,566) ; Delashmeet Creek, Kegley, Mercer Co. (U. S. N. M., No.
28,610)i Bluestone River, just above its mouth, Mercer Co. (U. S. N. M., No.
28,570) ; mouth of Delashmeet Creek, Bluestone River, Mercer Co. (U. S. N. M.,
No. 28,565); Bluestone River, Abb's Valley (U. S. N. M., No. 28,569); East
River, Mercer Co. (U. S. N. M.) ; Rich Creek, Spanishburg, Mercer Co. (U. S.
N. M.) ; Barrenche Creek, Perrysville, McDowell Co. (U. S. N. M., No. 28,573) ;
War Creek, McDowell Co. (U. S. N. M., Nos. 28,564, 28,580); Guyandotte
River, Baileys\dlle, Wyoming Co. (U. S. N. M., Nos. 28,562, 28,578, 28 cf).

Isolated localities from which I have seen specimens of C. bartonii very
closely resembling the form montanus in the breadth and punctation of the areola
are: Alum Creek, Franklin Co., Ohio, R. C. Osburn and E. B. WilUamson (U. S.
N. M., No. 22,351), Cincinnati, Oliio (M. C. Z., No. 288), creek at Knoxville,
Tenn., Walter Faxon (M. C. Z., No. 3,477). From Cogar's Mill, Elk River,
Kanawha Co., W. Va., I have seen an interesting lot of specimens that combine
the characters -oi C. b. nionianus and C. b. longulus, the rostrum and chela of
montanus going with the reduced sub-orbital angle of longulus. These specimens
are in the U. S. National Museum, No. 23,990, and in the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology, No. 7,401.

Cambarus bartonii robustus (Girard).
Plate 3.

From Cambarus bartonii montanus the passage is easy to C. b. robustus, in
which form the rostrum is longer and more tapering, the areola rather longer
and narrower and the outer margin of the hand more costate, an emphatic de-

388 ~ CRAYFISHES.

pression running along the upper and lower faces of the immobile finger. In the
United States National Museum there are many specimens from West Fork
of Greenbrier River, W. Ya. (No. 23,977, 23,978) and from Crane Creek, W. \a.,
which are \'ery nearly typical examples of C. b. robuslus. Thej^ differ slightly,
it is true, from more northern specimens in having a little l^roader areola and less
pronounced impressions upon the immobile finger. In these regards they show
an approach to C. b. 7nontanus, from which the form robustus is probably derived.

Specimens collected at Wytheville, Wythe Co., Va. (U. S. N. M., No. 13,966,
M. C. Z., No. 3,838) which were referred to C. b. robustus by me in 1890 (Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, 622) are in reality C. b. montanus.

Exami)les from Fredericksburg, Spotsyh'ania Co., Va., were formei'ly referred
to C. robustus by Hagen in his Monograph, p. 80, and l)y myself in my Revision,
p. 61, 67, but tliey are not typical examples of C. robustus. These specimens
(M. C. Z., Nos. 3,615, 3,797) are in many ways like to C. acuminatus in the ros-
tnun which is longer and more tapering than in robustus, in the relatively short
posterior section of the carapace, greater width of the aret)la, and the- highly
developed spines at the base of the antennal scales, on the carpus, and on the
merus. The lateral spine of the carapace is distinctly developed on almost all
of the Fredericksburg specimens. A similar form is found at Raleigh, N. C.
(U. S.N. M. No. 22,355).

After eliminating the specimens wliicli ha\e been wrongly identified with
C. robustus, the distribution of the latter race, in its true form, is restricted, as
far as known, lo the following regions: — Ontario: Toronto, Weston. Michi-
igan: Wayne, Washtenaw, Oakland, Sanilac, Huron, Oscoda, Crawford, Alcona
and Ionia Counties. Ohio: Knox, Lorain, Cuyahoga, and Ashtabula Counties.
New Y'ork: Chautauqua, Genesee, Allegany, Monroe, Wayne, Tompkins,
Oswego, Madison, Jefferson, St. Lawrence, Herkimer and Hamilton Counties.
Pennsylvania: Erie, Crawford, Warren, McKean, and Allegheny Counties (St.
Lawrence and LTpper Olrio drainage). West Virginia: West Fork of Green-
brier River and Crane Creek.

Cambarus bartonii robustus is a sombre-coloured ci'ayfish in life (Plate 3), the
dominant color of the upper surface being a dusky olive tone, nearly uniform
and little relieved by the inconspicuouslj^ red-tipped fingers of the large claw.
The ambulatory appendages have a somewhat bluish cast, and the ventral
surface of the creatm-e tends to a dull whitish tint. After the animal is placed
in alcohol, a large, bright red, quadrangular patch presently appears on the
branchiostegites behind the cervical groove, denoting that part of the shell which

CRAYFISHES. 389

is most susceptible to the action of the hquicl. After some hours the red colour
extends over the whole branchial region and for a time is sharply defined from
the median areola and the other parts of the body, which still retain the dusky
colour of the living animal. These striking colour-patterns resulting from
recent iimnersion in alcohol might easily be mistaken for natural life colours by
one who had not witnessed the change, and it suggests the probability that some
writers have been misled into describing such colours as those of the living animal.
Randall, for instance, in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia, 8, p. 138, PI. 7, describes and figures Astacus oreganus (= A. lenius-
culus Dana?) as having a red spot on each side of the carapace, quite similar to
the red spot which temporarily shows in Cambarus b. robustus recently immersed
in alcohol. So, too, the wliitish or lenion-yellow spot on the branchiostegites of
Parastacus bimaculatus Phihppi (Anales Universidad Chile, 87, p. 378), which is
probably the same species that I described under the name Parastacus agassizii
{cf. the colour description of this species by Prof. Carlos E. Porter in Revista
Chilena de Historia Natm-al, 8, p. 258, pi. 9, fig. b) may possibly be the result
of the action of alcohol on freshly killed specimens.

Cambarus bartonii longulus (Girard).

New localities: — West Virginia: West Fork of Greenbrier River, near
Dui-bin, Pocahontas Co. (U. S. N. M., No. 23,992) ; Bluestone River, Abb's Valley
(U. S. N. M., No. 28,618).

In normal specimens of this subspecies the sub-orbital angle is hardly if at
all prominent. The individuals wWch I mentioned in Proc. U. S. N. M., 12,
p. 623, as ha\'ing the orbit sharply defined below by a prominent angle may prove
to be, I suspect, C. bartonii longirostris. This form is not very well known as yet,
and I ha\'e reason to think that it acquires with maturity a claw very much like
that of C. bartonii longulus. The character of the sub-orbital margin of the
carapace seems to be very constant within the limits of a good subspecies, and
it may prove to be the really diagnostic feature for separating C. b. longulus and
C. b. longirostris.

Cambarus bartonii veteranus, subsp. nov.

Plate 13, Fig. 2.

Rostrum long, without lateral teeth, margins elevated, strongly convergent,
acumen triangular, terminating in an uptm'iied corneous tooth. Antero-Iateral

390 CRA\TISHES.

margins of the carapace destitute of any marked angle below the eye. A small
spine on each side of the carapace on the posterior edge of the cervical groove.
Areola long and broad, I as broad as long, thickly strewn with impressed dots.
Anterior process of the epistome triangular, truncated anteriorly in old individ-
uals. Chelae large, flattened, internal border furnished with a row of low tuber-
cles, with another row of obsolescent ones running along beside them. The outer
margin of the chela is ridged, on account of a marked longitudinal depression
which runs along the distal part of the palm and the proximal part of the immobile
finger. The fingers are long, heavily pitted, meeting only at their tips, leaving
a wide gape between them. The carpus is armed with an internal median spine,
and a very small internal posterior spine; below it is furnished with the usual
anterior median spine and a minute spinous tubercle between it and the internal
median spine. The lower face of the merus is armed with a row of spines along
its internal margin and an incomplete row on its external margin made up of
about three at the distal end of the joint.

Length of a cf form I., 93 mm.; length of carapace 49 mm.; length of
areola, 17 mm.; width of areola, 4 mm.; length of chela, 67 mm.; width of
chela, 265 mm.; length of dactylus, 45 mm.

Type locality, Indian Creek, Baileysville, Wyoming Co., W. Va.

Two males of the first form, sixteen males of the second form and seven
females were collected by Mr. W. P. Hay at this place on the 16th of August,
1900. They are in the collection of the U. S. National Museum, Nos. 25,020,
28,609,44,712 (type).

There are also in the National Museum one male of the second form and
two females (No. 28,619) from Crane Creek, W. Va., collected together with
C. b. robustus on the 8th of August, 1900, and one male of the first form from the
Elk River, Cogar's Mills, W. Va.

This peculiar form of C. bartonii resembles C. b. longulus in the foi-m of the
rostrum, the wide gape of the fingers of the large claw, and in the absence of a
sub-orbital angle. In other respects it is very different from longidus, especially
in the shape of the chela which is strongly depressed, with dc^ep longitudinal
furrows at the base of the immovable fingei", both alxn'e and l)elow, as in C. b.
robustus, while in C. b. longulus the fingers are cylindrical and bearded within
at the base. The characteristic gape of the fingers is not present in regenerated
claws, which are furnished with very long straight fingers whose cutting edges are
straight and meet together throughout their whole length.

CRAYFISHES. 391

Cambarus bartonii asperimanus, subsp. nov.

E^•en as these pages are going to press, two specimens of a peculiar,
new race of C. bartonii are sent to me from the U. S. National Museum, — males
of the first form, collected by Messrs. P. C. Standley and H. C. Bolman in
Flat Creek, near Montreat, Buncombe Co., N. C, Sept. 1, 1913. C. bartonii
bartonii was also collected at the same time and place. The new form is conspicu-
ously different from any previously known race of C. bartonii in having scattered
coarse setae upon the clielae, which are moreover deeply and coarsely pitted,
with a tendency toward corrugation; the inner border of the propodus is fur-
nished with a cristiform row of from five to seven teeth; the dorsal face of the
carapace is extremely smooth and shows hardly a trace of the customary pits
or impressed dots except a row along the margin of the rostrum; even on the
areola the dots are scarcely visible without high magnification; finally, the ante-
rior process of the epistoma is broadly truncate in front.

Such are the diagnostic characters of this sub-species, which in other regards
agrees prettj^ closely with typical C. bartonii. The hooks of the third segment
of the third pair of legs are acute and attenuated at the tip.

Length, 54 mm., carapace, 27 mm.; chela, 19 mm. Type, U. S. N. M., No.
47,375.

Cambarus bartonii acuminatus Faxon.

Cambarus acuminatus Faxon, Pi'oc. .Amor. .Acad., 1884, 20, p. 113.

Neiv locaUlics: — Maryland: Northwest Branch, Hyattsville, Prince
George's Co. (U. S. N. M.) ; Indian Creek, Beltsville Prince George's Co. (U. S.
N. M.); North Carolina: Halifax, Hahfax Co. (U. S. N. M.).

As noted above under Cambarus bartonii i^obusius, specimens from Fredericks-
burg, Va. (M. C. Z., Nos. 3,615, 3,797) approach closely to the form acuminatus
and seem to exemplify a transition from robustus to acuminatus.

Cambarus bartonii laevis, subsp. nov.

This form of C. bartonii differs from the typical race in having the carapace
smoother and less conspicuously punctated, the posterior section proportion-
ately longer, being equal in length to the distance from the cervical groove to
the root of the eye-stalks; this lengthening of the hind section of the carapace
involves a long areola which is also not merely relatively l^ut also absolutely

392 CRAYFISHES.

narrower than in the typical C. hartonii; the areola is so narrow as to allow barely
room for two closely approximated longitudinal rows of dots; the rostrum is a
little longer than in C. hartonii, with more convergent margins and a longer
acumen; the upper or superior border of the hand and movable finger are more
distinctly tuberculate; the fingers are shorter, stronger, and more heavily ribbed,
and the outer border of the immobile one is more heavily and coarsely punctate.
The posterior internal spine of the carpus is obsolete ; the anterior process of the
epistoma is more broadly triangular.

Type specimen, M. C. Z., No. 3,812, W. S. Blatchley, Bloomington, Ind.
cf, form II. Measurements: — Length, 67 mm., length of carapace, 33 mm.,
length of areola, 14 mm., breadth of areola at middle, 1 mm., length of right
chela, 24 mm., length of right dactylus, 16 mm.

Other localities:— Fall Creek, Indianapohs, Ind. (M. C. Z., No. 3,796), New
Albany, Ind. (M. C. Z., No. 3,618), Irvington, Ind. (U. S. N. M., Nos. 19,738,
22,204), May's Cave, Monroe Co., Ind. (U. S. N. M., No. 19,740).

The peculiarities of this crayfish, which appears to be a common form in the
State of Indiana, were first pointed out in my Notes on North American Cray-
fishes, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1890, 12, p. 622. It has been described and
figured, as C. hartonii, by Mr. W. P. Hay in the Twentieth Ann. Rep. of the
Department of Geology and Natural Resources of Indiana, 1896, p. 437-489.
The features which distinguish it from the typical form of C. hartonii are so pro-
nounced as to render it necessary to mark it as a subspecies of C. hartonii if not
as a valid species. In the great relative length of the posterior section of the
carapace it resembles C. hartonii tenebrosus Hay from the Mammoth Cave of
Kentucky.

According to letters which I received from Dr. John Sloan of New Albany,
Ind., in the year 1883, this crayfish was always found by him in that region to be
a denizen of standing ponds and still water, being replaced by C. sloanii in the
running streams. On the contrary, both Mr. W. P. Hay {I. c, p. 489) and Mr.
A. M. Banta (The Fauna of Mayfield's Cave, Carnegie Inst, of Washington,
Publ. No. 07, Sept. 1907, p. 73-75) aver that it is most commonly found in springs
and small streams of clear running water where it seeks concealment under stones
or in shallow burrows.

Messrs. Hay and Banta have found this form a frequent inhabitant of the
caves of southern Indiana in company with the blind species, C. pellucidus.
Those that dwell in the caves appear to attain a greater size than those in the
surface waters, specimens in the Mitchell Caves, Lawrence Co., often exceeding

CRAYFISHES. 393

100 mm. ill length according to Banta, while those from the outside do not exceed
84 mm. A series of fifty-eight specimens from the outside waters compared
with a series of six specimens from Mayfield's Cave, Monroe Co., by Mr. Banta
revealed the fact that the antennae of the cave specimens averaged 11.89 p. c.
longer than the antennae of specimens taken outside the caves in the immediate
vicinity. The cave series was also lighter-coloured than the series from above
ground.

Cambarus graysoni, sp. nov.

Cephalothorax robust, posterior section liigh, flattened on the back and
compressed laterally so that the sides are nearly vertical, giving to the whole
section a subquadrangular aspect; shell densely punctated on the dorsal face,
granulated on the lateral surfaces; distance from the tip of the rostrum to the
cervical groove one and one half times the length from the cervical groove to the
posterior end of the carapace; there are no lateral spines upon the carapace
and only the rudiments of the branch ostegal spines; the areola is narrow (1.5
mm. broad at the middle in a specimen measuring 21 mm. from the cervical
groove to the posterior border of the carapace) with but two rows of dots along
the narrow part of its course; rostrum short, margins slightly convergent, middle
excavated, acumen short, upturned at the tip, without lateral spines or teeth;
post-orbital ridges low, without spines; sub-orbital angles well marked but
blunt.

Abdomen as long as the cephalothorax, smooth, pleural angles rounded.

Chelipeds short in proportion to the body; merus short, with low tubercles
near the distal end of the superior margin and spines biserially arranged on the
lower face; carpus deeply furrowed along the upper face, armed with a
prominent median internal acute thorn or spine, one or two small tubercles in
place of a median posterior spine; an inferior median spine, with sometimes a
small tubercle ^jetween it and the interior median spine completes the armature
of the carpus; the chela is short, broad and triangular, articulated with the carpus
in such a way as to assume a vertical position when flexed and to form with its
fellow a shield or operculum appressed to the front of the Ijody; this conforma-
tion of the chelae is a sure token of the burrowing habits of this species; the inner
(or superior) margin of the palm, is very short, with a marginal row of five or six
low tubercles; immediately within this row (which forms a serrate edge to the
hand) is another row of similar though smaller tul^ercles, with vestiges of a few
more irregularly disposed near the articulation of the dactylus; the fingers

394 CRA\TISHES.

are rather short, strongly curved downward or inward, not conspicuously ribbed,
their prehensile margins armed with rounded teeth, the free edge of the dactylus
furnished with low, ciliated, squamous tubercles.

Antennal scale small, narrow. Anterior process of the epistome broad,
truncate, anterior border concave, with a median tooth. Sexual organs of male
and female similar to those of C. bartonii.

Dimensions of a female specimen: — length, 113 mm. length of cephalotho-
rax, 54 mm., breadth, 29 mm., height of do., 21 mm.; length of areola, 21 mm.,
breadth of areola, 1.5 mm.; length of cheliped, 75 imn. ; merus, 21 mm.; length
of chela, 39 imn.; breadth of chela, 19 mm.; length of dactylus, 24 mm.

Bear Creek, a tributary of Green River, Grayson Springs, Grayson Co.,
Ky., Oct. 24, 1874, F. W. Putnam coll. 1 male of the second form, 3 females.
M. C. Z., No. 3,593.

This species is nearly related to C. ortmanni. Its form, like that of C. ort-
manni, denotes a species of fossorial habits, but not so preeminently addicted to
subterranean hfe as the species of the C. diogenes group, in which the cephalo-
thorax suffers a greater lateral compression. Compared with C. ortmanni,
C. graysoni is more depressed dorsally, more heavily punctated, the areola is
broader (as broad as in the typical form of C. latimanus) the metathorax some-
what shorter in proportion to the prothorax, the suborbital angle is much more
salient, the anterior process of the epistoma is deeply emarginate in front, with a
prominent spine at the bottom of the emargination, the internal carpal spine is
acute even in old and large examples, and the tubercles of the inner (superior)
margin of the hand are stronger and biserially disposed.

The specimens which form the types of C. graysoni were referred to C. bar-
tonii in my Revision of the Astacidae, p. (31, 159, 169. The peculiarities of the
cheUpeds, however, show that they belong to a distinct species, allied to C.
ortmanni and C. latimanus and forming together with these species a group con-
necting C. bartonii and its near allies witli C. diogenes and the nearly related pre-
eminently burrowing forms.

Cambarus ortmanni Williamson.

Cctmhariis ortmiinni Williamson, 3Isf Ann. Ropt. Department Genl. Indiana, 190(5, 1907, p. 7.54-700,
pi. 3.5.

Cambarus ortmanni, a burrowing species, was described by Mr. E. B. Wil-
liamson from specimens captured in Wells Co., Ind., in the Wabash River drain-
age near Bluff ton. There has been a single female specimen from Cincinnati, 0.,

CRAYFISHES. 395

however, in the Museum of Comparati^'e Zoology since the early days of the
Museum. This specimen, No. 243, was referred to C. hartonii by Dr. Hagen in
his Monograph and entered into his computation of the variability of the width
of the areola of that species, on p. 78. In my subsequent Revision of the Asta-
cidae, in 1885, p. 64, I referred to this individual as possibly a peculiar species
related to C. latimanus.

In the shape of the body and the narrow areola C. ortmanni bears a close
resemblance to C. latimanus striatus, but in the outline of the rostrum and the
sculptiu-e of the claws it betrays a closer resemblance to C. hartonii. It is without
doubt an immediate offshoot of the latter, modified by fossorial habits; the nar-
row areola, broad, conical claws, small antennal scale, long, narrow and quad-
rangular epistome, all denote this. It forms a passage from C. hartonii to C.
latimanus on the one hand and on the other to the more eminently fossorial forms,
C. carolinus, C. diogenes, etc.

Cambarus latimanus (Le Conte).

There is a cotype, a dried male, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
No. 3,378, acquired by exchange of types with the Smithsonian Institution in
1861 ; another cotype, a dried female, is preserved in the collection of the Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. There are also in tlie Museum of
Comparative Zoology, No. 236, preserved in alcohol, 3 males of the first form, 6
males of the second form, 3 females, and 7 young, collected in Athens, Ga., and
sent to Professor Agassiz by LeConte in the 50's. These are essentially para-
types, and are of interest as fixing the type locality, Athens, Ga., which was not
specified in Le Conte's original description of the species nor on the labels accom-
panying the type specimens in Cambridge and Philadelphia.

Two males, dried, M. C. Z., No. 3,366, sent by Prof. Lewis R. Gibl^es from
South Carolina as C. hartonii, without precise locality, are the only specimens
reported from South Carolina so far as I know.

A small young female from Milledge\'ille, Ga. (M. C. Z., No. 3,365) and
another from Roswell, Ga. (M. C. Z., No. 3,502) probably belong to this species.

Specimens from Blount Spring and Cullman, Ala. (U. S. N. M., No. 4,953,
M. C. Z., No. 3,639) differ from the typical form in having a narrower rostrum,
and in specimens from Bridgeport, Ala., and Nickajack Cave, Ashland City,
and Nashville, Tenn., the divergence from the type is so pronounced that Mr.
W. P. Hay has described them as a subspecies, C. latimanus striatus (Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1902, 25, p. 437; type locahty, Nashville, Tenn.).

396 CRAYFISHES.

Mr. C. F. Baker has sent me a fine lot of C. Intimanus from Auburn, Ala.,
among them specimens that have attained a length of four inches.

Cambarus carolinus Erichson.

This species was described in 184G (Arch. Naturgesch., 12, 1, p. 9G). Erich-
son's type, a male of the first form, is preserved in the Berlin Museum. It was
collected by Dr. Cabanis, who assured Dr. Hagen that all the crayfishes that he
collected in the United States came from a rivulet in a plantation called Tiger
Hall, near Greenville, S. C In 1902 Mr. W. P. Hay procured from Dr. Johann
Thiele of Berlin a photograph of the type specimen together with drawings of
the right claw and first and second abdominal appendages. By means of this
photograph and the drawings Mr. Hay identified the species with the crayfish
which I described in 1884, from Cranberry Summit (now Terra Alta), Preston
Co., W. Va., under the anme of Cambarufi dubius (see Hay, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 15, March 5, 1902, p. 38.

By the courtesy of Mr. Hay I have before me Dr. Thiele's photograph and
drawings of Erichson's type, and find that, although it nearly resembles C. dubius,
yet it presents some different characters. The carpus is armed on its inner
margin with two prominent, acute spines; of these the larger, anterior one is
the so-called internal median carpal spine; on the left cheliped tlie photograph
reveals a tubercle just behind, and at a lower level than, the median spine.
In C. dubius there is but one carpal spine, the internal median. Furthermore,
the outer margin of the hand of C. carolinus, as shown in Dr. Thiele's drawing,
is rounded off and lacks the subserrate ridge characteristic of C. dubius; in this
regard the hand of C. carolinus appears to be like that of C. monongalensis
Ortm.

No. 14,314, U. S. N. M., male, form I., "among the Cherokees, James
Mooney," agrees closely with the i)ictures of Erichson's type, and may be con-
sidered a typical C. carolinus. In a notice of this specimen as C. dubius in 1890
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 024), I erred in ascribing it to the Indian Territory.
I am advised by Mr. Mooney that it was in reality obtained in Swain Co. or
in .lackson Co., N. C, among the Eastern Cherokees, — a remnant of the Nation
which eluded deportation in 1838 and still clings to the old home in western North

' Mr. W. P. Hay (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15, p. 3S, 1902) has unfortunately given this local-
ity as western Norlh Carolina, and has been followed in this error by Mr. J. A. Harris (Kansas Univ.
Sci. Bull., 190,3, 2, p. 81, 142, 154).

CRAYFISHES. 397

Carolina.' It thus appears that Mr. Mooney's crayfish came from a region not
far remote from the type locality of C. carolinus.

In this specimen (U. S. N. M., No. 14,31-4), which displays the normal fea-
tures of C. carolinus, as I believe, the rostrum is narrower than in C. dubius
and less quadrangular in outline; the anterior process of the epistoma is much
broader and more triangular in outline, the sides converging much more between
the base and the truncated anterior angle; the carpus is armed with a prominent,
acute, internal median spine, immediately behind which and at a little lower level
lies a very small spiny tubercle; posteriorly to this, not far from the inner articu-
lation with the merus, lies another distinct spine, smaller than the internal
median spine; the lower face of the carpus bears one tubercle al)out half-way
between the internal median spine and the outer articulation with tlie propodus ;
the lower face of the merus shows the biserial arrangement of spines as in C.
dubius, as many as five or six spines adorning the external edge of the segment ;
the distal segment of the outer branch of the last pair of abdominal appendages
is shorter and broader (less oval in contour) than in C. dubius. The living color
of this specimen, as is shown by a MS. note accompanying the specimen, was
red, the color of C. dubius also.

A large number of specimens in the II. S. National Museum collected at
various places in the southwestern part of West Virginia (Nos. 28,591-28,596,
28,598-28,600, Horsepen Creek, War Creek, BaileysviUe, Lashmeet, Barranche
Creek), agreeing in most respects with the typical C. dubius from northern West
Virginia and Pennsylvania tend to develop the accessory carpal spines and
tubercles of C. carolinus.

Three specimens (male, form I.) in the U. S. National Museum, No.
22,386, from a tributary of Stone River twenty miles from Columbia in cen-
tral Tennessee are interesting. They agree in most respects with C. c. dubius,
but the rostrum is a little narrower, with more convergent margins, the rostral
acumen is less abrupt, and the outer liorder of the hand is rounded off with-
out much indication of serrature. In these regards the specimens agree with
the typical carolinus; the carpus, however, is very smooth, bearing no spines
except the internal median, as in C. c. dubius. The outer inferior row of spines
on the merus is present, though slightly developed. The branchio-cardiac
lines are in closer contact than in any other specimens of this species that I
have seen, reducing the areola to a narrow line.

'See Myths of the Cherokee, bj- James Moouey, Nineteenth Ann. Kept. Bureau Ainer. Ethnol.
1897-98, 1900, p. 308.

398 CRAYFISHES.

The closel}^ related Blue oi- Moiiongahela Crayfish was first discovered at
Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1898, by Mr. E. B. Williamson. Specimens were sent to
me in the month of August of that year, which appeared to me to be a local form
of C. ibibius, and they were recorded as such by Mi'. Williamson in a paper on
the Crayfish of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (Ann. Carnegie Mus., 1901,
1, p. 11). Compared with the type of C. duhius these specimens showed a
narrower rostrum with less pronounced angles at the base of the acumen; the
outer border of the hand was evenly rounded, not ridged, and destitute of the
imperfect serrature seen in C. dubms, where this feature results from the regular
row of transversely elongated marginal punctations giving to the margin a
milled appearance; further, the carpus of the Pittsburgh form was armed with
several accessory spines and tubercles, besides tlie prominent internal median
spine which is all the armature of the carpus in C. dubius.

In a paper on the Crawfishes of western Pennsylvania published in 1905
(Ann. Carnegie Mus., 3, No. 2) and in a more elaborate memoir which appeared
at the close of the following year (The Crawfishes of the State of Pennsylvania,
Mem. Carnegie Mus., 2, No. 10), Dr. A. E. Ortmann showed that the Blue Cray-
fish and C. dubius both lived in western Pennsylvania, that they occupied differ-
ent areas separated by the Chestnut Ridge, a range of hills on the west of the
Allegheny Mountains, the Blue Crayfish (to which he gave the name Candxirus
inonongalcnsis) being found on the hills lying on the west of this range while C.
dubius lived in the mountain region to the east of Chestnut Ridge, l:)etween it and
the pi-incijial range of the Allegheny Mountains. Dr. Ortmann also brought
out clearly, as a result of extensive field study, the color-difference between the
two forms, the dominant color of C. dubius being red, of C. monongaknsis blue.
The range of the latter form appears to be rather narrow, being restricted, as far
as is shown by Dr. Ortmann's most interesting investigations, to Westmore-
land, Allegheny, Beaver, Washington, Fayette and Green Counties, Pa., and
Hancock, Brooke, Ohio, Marshall and Monongalia Counties, W. Va., at altitudes
ranging from 800 feet to 1200 feet above the sea-level.

Dr. Ortmann compared his specimens of C. monongalensis with the northern
race of C. carolinus, i. e., C. dubius Fax., and came to the conclusion tliat they
represented a distinct species. But as appears from what has been said above,
thi'ee of the characters which Ortmann thought were peculiar to C. monongalensis
are also present in the southern, typical form of C. carolinus, viz., the narrower
rostrum, non-serrated outer margin of the hand, and the presence of more than
one spine on the inner side of the carpus. There are thus left but two features

CRAYFISHES.

399

to separate C monongalensis from C. carolinus, viz., the uniserial disposition
of the spines on the lower face of the merus of the chehped, and the colour.

So, with a broader overlook of the geographical variations of these interest-
ing forms it would seem to be more logical to consider C. carolinas Erichs., C.
dubius Fax. and C. nionongalcnsis Ortm. as three geographical races, or subspecies
of one species. The three subspecies may be distinguished by means of the sub-
joined key: —

Lower face of nienis
with only one row of spines
developed. Colour, blue .

C. carolinus innnnnf/iileiisiii (Ortm.)

Lower face of merus
with two rows of spines
developed. Colour, red.

Margins of rostrum distinctly con-
vergent; outer margin of hand
rounded, not serrated; more than
one sjiine on inner margin o! the
hand.. ......

Rostrum broader with nearly par-
allel margins; outer margin of
hand subserrate; only one spine
on inner margin of the hand .

C. carolinus carolinus Erichs.

C. carolinus dubius Fax.

The geographical range of C. c. monongalensis, so far as it has been worked
out by Dr. Ortmann, has been given above. More exploration is needed to
elucidate the dispersal of the typical C. carolinus. The type locality is near
Greenville, Greenville Co., S. C. The specimen in the U. S. National Museum,
collected by James Mooney and described above, came from Swain or Jackson
Co., western North CaroUna. Ortmann (Mem. Carnegie Mus., 2, p. 397) men-
tions some specimens in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
collected by Prof. J. P. Moore at Blowing Rock, Watauga Co., N. C, which
have a narrower rostrum than C. c. dubius, and are therefore pi'obably C. c.
carolinus.

Specimens cqllected by Mr. H. G. Hubbard at Pennington's Gap, Lee Co.,
Va. (M. C. Z., No. 3,489) and by myself at Cumberland Gap, at the junction
of the three states of Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee (M. C. Z., No. 3,594)
are too young to determine subsi^ecifically with assurance, but they appear to
be C. c. dubius. The form spread over the southwestern parts of West Virginia,
as has been pointed out (p. 397) is more or less intermediate Ijetween carolinus
and dubius, while the pure C. c. dubius has been reported from Westmoreland,
Fayette, and Somerset Cos., Pa., Garrett Co., Md., and Preston, Tucker, and
Mineral Cos., W. Va.

400 CRAYFISHES.

Cambarus DIOGENES Girard.

Neiv localities: — Maryland: Laurel, Prince Georges Co. (U. S. N. M.).
Virginia: Dismal Swamp (U. S. N. M.). North Carolina: Near Beaufort,
Carteret Co. (Coll. W. P. Hay). Alabama: Auburn, Lee Co. (M. C. Z.).
]\Iississippi : Muldon, Monroe Co. (U. S. N. M.); Agricultural College, Oktil)-
beha Co. (U. S. N. M.). Ohio: Toledo, Lucas Co. (U. S. N. M.). Indiana:
Near Milltown, Crawford Co. (U. S. N. M.); Lake Maxinkuckee, Marshall
Co. (U. S.N. M.); White Co. (U. S. N. M.). Illinois: Wabash Co. (U. S.
N. M.); Henderson Co. (U. S. N. M.); near Obey, Richland Co. (U. S. N. M.).
Iowa: Burlington, Des Moines Co. (U. S. N. M.). Michigan: Raisin River,
Monroe, Monroe Co. (U. S. N. M.). Nebraska: Omaha, Douglas Co. (M.
C. Z.); Creighton Creek, south of Niobrara, Knox Co. (U. S. N. M). Colo-
rado: Fort Collins, Lorimer Co. (M. C. Z.).

Knox Co., Indiana, gi\^en as a station for C. diogenes in my Revision of the
Astacidae, page 71, should be transferred to C. argillicola, p. 77.

Cambarus diogenes ludovicianus Faxon.

New localities: — Frierson, De Soto Co., La.; Rosedale, Bolivar Co., Miss.;

U. S. N. M.).

Cambarus argillicola Faxon.

Ne^v localities: — Olney, Richland Co., 111. (U. S. N. M.); Frierson, De
Soto Co., La., in burrows LS inches deep, surmounted by low mud "chimneys"

(U. S. N. M.).

Cambarus uhleri Faxon.

Mr. W. P. Hay captured one specimen of this species near Beaufort, N. C,
Aug. 17, 1912. This specimen, a female, was taken from a hole in the bank of a
pond on the south side of Adley's Creek, about fourteen miles north of Beaufort.
On the other side of the same creek, about a mile away, Mr. Hay collected three
specimens of C. diogenes (also females) in holes on the edge of a swamp. The
specimen of C. uhleri difTers from the type specimens from Maryland but very
slightly, the rostrum being a trifle more concave above, and the foveola at the
base of the rostrum rather more pronounced.

Uhler's Crayfish has heretofore been known only from the tidewater Ocean
and Bay counties of eastern Maryland.

CRAYFISHES. 401

Cambarus clypeatus Hay.

Proc. TI. S. Nat. Miw., Oct. 11, IS'JO, 22, i). 122, tifr. 2.

The type specimen of thi,s species, a female, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 17,277,
is the only one known. It was found by Mr. G. A. Coleman, of the U. S. Bio-
logical Survey, in April, 1892, in a skiff at Bay St. Louis, Miss. Mr. Hay sur-
mises that it belongs in the neighbourhood of C. cubcnsis; I should incline rather,
on account of the structure of the annulus ventralis and the shape of the body,
to place it in C. bartonii group.

LIST OF THE DESCRIBED SPECIES OF CRAYFISHES (PARAS-
TACIDAE AND ASTACIDAE).

PARASTACIDAE.
AsTACopsis Huxley.

AsTACOPSis Iluxlcy. I'roi-. ZoiJl. Soc. London, 1.S7S, p. 7fi4.

1. AsTACOPSIS FRANKLINII.

Astacus franklinii Gray, Eyre's Journals of Expeditions of Discovery into
Central Australia, 1845, 1, p. 409.
Ti/pe locality: — Tasmania.

2. ASTACOPSIS NOBILIS.

Asiacoides nohilis Dana, Crustacea U. S. Expl. Exped., 1852, 1, p. 526.
Type locality: — New South Wales?

3. ASTACOPSIS SPINIFERA.

Cancer serraiiis Shaw, Zoology of New Holland, 1794, pi. 8, (nee Cancer
scrratus Forskal, 1775).

fAstaciis australasiensis Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustaces, 1837, 2,
p. 332. Type locality: — Sydney, Australia. Tivo cotypes, Paris Mus.

? Astacus australiensis Erichson, Arch. Naturgesch., 1846, 12, 1, p. 94 (no7n.
emend.).

Astaco'ides spinifcr Heller, Reise der Novara, Zool. Th., 2, pt. 3, Crust.,
1865, p. 102.

Astacus armatus Martens, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1866, ser. 3, 17, p. 359.
Type locality: — Murray River, Australia. Type, Berlin Mus.

fAstacopsis paraiuattcnsis Bate, Rcpt. Challenger, 24, Crust. Macrura, 1888,
p. 202. Type locality: — Paramatta River, Sydney, Australia. Type, Brit.
Mus., 1 9 .

fAstacopsis sydneyensis Bate, Rept. Challenger, 24, Crust. Macrura, 1888,
p. 204. Type locality: — Sydney, Australia. Type, Brit. Mus., 1 9.

Type locality: — Australia.

Incertae Sedis.

1 . AsTACOPSIS ? TASMANICUS.

Astacus tasmanicus Erichson, Arch. Naturgesch., 1846, 12, 1, p. 94.
Tijpe locality: — Tasmania. Type, Berlin Mus., No. 1,579, 9 .

CRA\TISHES. 403

CHERAPS Erichson.

Chebaps Erichson, Arch. Naturgesch., lS4(i, 12, 1, p. 101.

1. Cheeaps preissii.

Astacus (Cheraps) preissii Erichson, Arch. Naturgesch., 1846, 12, 1, p. 101.
fAstacoides plebejus Hess, .\i-ch. Naturgesch., 1865, 31, 1, p. 164. Type local-
ity:— Sydney, AustraUa. Type, Gottingen Mus.
Type locality: — Southwestern AustraUa.

2. Cheraps bicarinatus.

Astacus bicarinatus Gray, Eyre's Journals of Expeditions of Discovery into
Central Australia, 1845, 1, p. 410.

Type locality: — Port Essington, North AustraUa.

3. Cheraps quadricarinatus.

Astacus quadricarinatus Martens, Monatsber. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin,
1868, p. 617.

Type locality:— Cape York, AustraUa. Type, Berlin Mus., No. 2972.

4. Cheraps quinquecarinatus.

Astacus quinquecarinatus Gray, Eyre's Journals of Expeditions of Discovery
into Central AustraUa, 1845, 1, p. 410.

Type locality: — Western Australia, near Swan River.

ENGAEUS Erichson.

Engaeus Erichson, Arch. Naturgesch., 1S46, 12, 1, p. 102.

1. Engaeus fossor.

Astacus (Engaeus) fossor Erichson, Arch. Naturgesch., 1846, 12, 1, p. 102.
Type locality:— Tasmania. Types, BerUn Mus., Nos. 1123, 1124.

2. Engaeus cunicularius.

Astacus {Engaeus) cunicularius Erichson, Arch. Naturgesch., 1846, 12, 1,
p. 102.

Engaeus cunicularis Haswell, Cat. AustraUan Stalk- and Sessile-eyed Crus-
tacea, 1882, p. 179. (Err. typograph.?)

Type locality: — Tasmania. Type, Berlin Mus., No. 1122.

Paranephrops White.

Paranephrops White, Gray's Zool. Miscell., June, 1842, p. 79.

1. Paranephrops planifrons.

Paranephrops planifrons White, Gray's Zool. MisceU., June, 1842, p. 79.

404 CRA\TISHES.

fParanephrops tenuicornis Dana, Crustacea U. S. Explor. Exped., 1852, 1,
p. 527. Type locality: — Fresh-water streams about the Bay of Islands, North
Island, New Zealand.

Type locality: — River Thames, North Island, New Zealand. Types,
Brit. Mus.

2. Paranephrops zealandicus.

Astacus zealandicus Wliite, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1847, part 15, p. 123.
Paranephrops neo-zelanicus Chilton (in part). Trans, and Proc. New Zealand
Inst., 1888, 21, p. 249 (how. emend.).

Type locality: — New Zealand. Types, Brit. Mus.

3. Paranephrops setosus.

Paranephrops setosus Hutton (in part), Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Nov. 1873,
ser. 4, 12, p. 402.

Paranephrops horridus "Sfemper?] MS.," Miers, Cat. Stalk and Sessile-
eyed Crust. New Zealand, 187G, p. 73. {nom. nudum). Brit. Mus.

fAstacoides tridentatus Wood-Mason, Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1876, p. 4.
Type locality: — New Zealand.

Type locality: — River Avon, near Christchurch, South Island, New Zea-
land.

AsTACONEPHROPS NobiU.

AsTACONEPHROPS Nobili, Annali del Mus. Civ. Storia Nat. Geneva, 1899, 40, p. 244.
1. AsTACONEPHROPS ALBERTISII.

Astaconephrops albertisii Nobili, Annali del Mus. Civ. Storia Nat. Genova,
1899, 40, p. 244.

Type locality: — Katau, southern New Guinea. Type, Genova Mus., 1 9 .

AsTACOiDES Gu^rin.

AsTACOiDEs Guciin, Revue Zoologiquo, 1830, 2, p. 109.
1. ASTACOiDES MADAGASCARIENSIS.

Astacus madagascariensis Aud. et M. Edw., .lourn. de ITnstitut, 1839, p'. 152.
Astacoides goudotii Guerin, Revue Zoologique, 1839, 2, p. 109. Type
locality:^ Madagascar. Type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Guerin Coll., No. 290.

CRA\TISHES. 405

Astacus caldwelli Bate, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 469. Type
locality: — Near Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Type locality: — Madagascar.

Parastacus Huxley.

Parastacus Huxley, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 187S, p. 771.

1. Parastacus pilimanus.

Asiocus pilimanus Martens, Arch. Naturgesch., 1869, 35, 1, p. 15.
Type locality: — Porto Alegre, Brazil. Types, Berlin Mus., Nos. 3,323,
3,447.

2. Parastacus brasiliensis.

Astacus brasiliensis Martens, Ai'ch. Naturgesch., 1869, 35, 1, p. 16.
Type locality: — Porto Alegre, Brazil. Types, Berlin Mus., Nos. 3,322,
3,448.

3. Parastacus defossus.

Parastacus defossus Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898, 20, p. 686.
Type localiiy: — Montevideo, Uruguay. Types, U. S. N. M., No. 19,647;
paratype, M. C. Z., No. 4,776.

4. Parastacus saffordi.

Parastacus saffordi Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898, 20, p. 683.
Type locality : — Montevideo, Uruguay. Types, U. S. N. M., No. 12,581;
paratype, M. C. Z., No. 4,775.

5. Parastacus varicosus.

Parastacus varicosus Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898, 20, p. 685.
Type locality: — Colima, Mexico (by error?). Type, U. S. N. M., No. 4,133.

6. Parastacus chilensis.

Astacus chilensis M. Edw., Hist. Nat. des Crustaces, 1837, 2, p. 333.
Type locality: — Coasts of Chile. Type, Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris.

7. Parastacus bimaculatus.

Astacus bimaculatus Philippi, Anales Universidad Chile, 1894, 87, p. 378.

Parastacus agassizii Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898, 20, p. 690.
Type locality: — Talcahuano, Chile. Types, M. C. Z., No. 3,400; paratypes,
U. S. N. M., No. 12,045.

Type locality: — ■ Chile.

406 CRAYFISHES.

8. Parastacus spinifrons.

Astacus spinifrons Philippi, Anales Universidad Chile, 1882, 61.

Type locality: — Chile.

9. Parastacus nicoleti.

Astacus chilensis Nicolct (ncc M. Edw.), Gay's Hist. Cliile, Zool., 1849, 3,
p. 211. Type locality : — Chile.

Astacus nicoleti Phihppi, Anales Universidad Chile, 1882, 61.

Type locality: — Chile.

10. Parastacus hassleri.

Parastacus hassleri Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., Feb. 17, 1898, 20, p. G87.

Type locality: — Talcahuano, Chile. Types, M. C. Z., No. 3,401; paratypes,
U. S. N. M., No. 19,089.

11. Parastacus araucanius.

Parastacus araucanius Faxon, supi'a, p. 353.

Type locality: — Corral, Chile. Type, M. C. Z., No. 7,355.

Astacus Fabricius.

Astacus Fabricius, Syst. Entomol., 1775, p. 413.

1. Astacus colchicus.

Astacus colchicus Kessler, Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscou, 1870, 50, p. 2.

Type locality: — Upper Rion River and tril)utaries, Transcaucasia.

2. Astacus pachypus.

Astacus pachypus Rathke, Mem. Acad. Imp. St. Pctersbourg, 1836, 3, p. 305.
Astacus caspius Eichwald, Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscou, 1838, p. 149. Type
locality: — Caspian Sea, near Baku.

Type locality: — Neighborhood of Nikolaiev, Boug River, Rassia.

3. Astacus leptodactylus.

Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, Mem. Soc. Imp. Moscou, 1823, 6, p. 109.

Astacus leptodactylus salinus Nordmann, Observations sur la Faune Pontique,
in Demidoff's Voyage dans la Russie Meridionale et la Crimee, Atlas, Crustacea,
1842, Tab. 1. Type locality: — Bl&ck Sea.

Type locality: — Government of Taurida, Russia.

CRAYFISHES. 407

3a. ASTACUS LEPTODACTYLUS CASPIUS.

Astacus leptodactylus, var. caspia Eichwald, Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscou, 1838,
p. 148.

Type locality: — Caspian Sea, near Lenkoran.

3b. Astacus leptodactylus angulosus.

Astaciis angulosus Rathke, Mem. Acad. Imp. St. Petersbourg, 1836, 3, p.
364.

Type locality: — Crimea, Russia.

4. Astacus kessleri.

Astac2is kessleri Schimkewitsch, Bull. Soc. Imp. Amis Hist. Nat. Moscou,
1886, 50 (Proc. Zool. Sect., 1, pt. 1, p. 20).

Type locality: — Near the town of Turkestan, Government of Syr-Darya,
Asiatic Russia.

5. Astacus astacus.

Cancer astacus Linne, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, 1758, 1, p. 631.

Astacus fluviatilis Fabr., Syst. Entomol., 1775, p. 413. Type locality: —
Europe.

Cancer nobilis Schrank, Fauna Boica, 1803, 3, 1 Abth., p. 246. Type
locality: — Bavaria.

Astacus fluviatilis communis Gerstfeldt, Mem. Acad. Imp. St. Petersbourg,
1859, 9, p. 554. Type locality: — Europe.

Type locality: — Europe.

6. Astacus pallipes.

Astacus pallipes Lereboullet, Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Strasbourg, 1858, 5, p. 7.
Astacus fo7itinalis Carbonnier, L'Ecrevisse, 1869, p. 8. Type locality:^
France.

Type locality: — In canals and ditches, Strasbourg, Alsace.

6a. Astacus pallipes fulcisianus.

Astacus pallipes, var. fulcisiana Ninni, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Milano,
1886, 29, p. 326.

Type locality: — Province of Belluno, Italy.

6b. Astacus pallipes italicus.

Astacus pallipes italicus Faxon, supra, p. 361.

408 CRAYFISHES.

Tijpe locaJUij: — River Sarno, Pompeii, Italy. Types, U. S. N. M., No.
28,638; paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 7,409.

7. ASTACUS TORRENTItJM.

Cancer torrentium Schrank, Fauna Boica, 1803, 3, 1 Abth., p. 247.

Astacus saxatilis Koch, Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachni-
den, 1835?, 7, No. 1 (Panzer and Herrich-Schaffer's Deutschlands Insecten, 140,
No. 1). Type locality: — Bavaria, in mountain brooks of the Oberpfalz and
also in the Danube under stones.

Astacus tristis Koch, Deutschlands Crustaceen, Mj^riapoden und Arach
niden, 1835?, 7, No. 2 (Panzer and Herrich-Schaffer's Deutschlands Insecten,
140, No. 2). Type Locality: — Bavaria, in a mountain brook at Bodenstein,
Regen River system.

Astacus longicornis Lereboullet, M6m. Soc. Sci. Nat. Strasbourg, 1858, 5, p. 2.
Type locality: — 111 and Bruche Rivers, Alsace.

Type locality: — Bavaria, in stony streams and also in lakes, e. g. Wurm-See.

8. Astacus gambelii.

Cambarus gambelii Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1852, 6, p. 90.
Type locality: — "California." Types, Acad. Nat. Sci. PMlad.

8a. Astacus gambelii connectens.

Astacus gambelii connectens Faxon, supra, p. 360.

Type locality: — Snake River, Upper Salmon Falls, Idaho. Type, U. S. N. M.
No. 23,096; paratype, M. C. Z., No. 7,385.

9. Astacus nigrescens.

Astacus nigrescens Stimpson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Feb., 1857, 6,
p. 87.

Type locality: — Neighborhood of San Francisco, Cal. Types probably
destroyed in the Chicago fire in 1871.

9a. Astacus nigrescens fortis.

Astacus nigrescens fortis Faxon, supra, p. 360.

Type locality: — Fall River, Fall City Mills, Shasta Co., Cal. Type, U. S.
N. M., No. 44,404; paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 7,383.

10. Astacus trowbridgii.

Astacus trowbridgii Stimpson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Feb., 1857, 6,
p. 87.

CRAYFISHES. 409

Type locality: — Columbia River above Astoria, Oregon. Cotypes, U. S.
N. M., No. 2,080; M. C. Z., No. 3,510; Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.; Peabody Mus.
Yale Univ.

11. ASTACUS LENIUSCULUS.

Astacus leniusculus Dana, Crustacea U. S. Expl. Exped., 1852, 1, p. 524.
fAstacus oreganus Randall, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1840, 8, p. 138.
Type locality: — Columbia River. Type destroyed.

Type locality: — Columbia River and Puget's Sound. Cotype, U. S. N. M.,
No. 2,019, and probably No. 2,161.

12. ASTACITS KLAMATHENSIS.

Astacus kiamathensis Stimpson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Feb., 1857, 6,
p. 87.

Type locality: — Klamath Lake, Oregon. Type probably destroyed in the
Chicago fire in 1871.

CAMBAROIDES Faxon.

Cambaroides Faxon, Proc. Amer. AcaJ., 1SS4, 20, p. 150.

1. Cambaroides japonicus.

Astacus japonicus De Haan, Crustacea of Siebold's Fauna Japonica, 1842,
p. 164.

Type locality: — Japan.

2. Cambaroides similis.

Astacus (Cambaroides) similis Koelbel, Anz. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, math.-
nat. Classe, 1892, 29, p. 176; Sitzungsber., 1892, 101, pt. 1, p. 650.

Type locality: — Province of Kj6ng-Kur-do, Korea.

3. Cambaroides dauuricus.

Astacus dauuricus Pallas, Spicilegia Zoologica, 1772, Fasc. 9, p. 81.
Astacus leptorrhinus Fischer, Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscou, 1836, 9, p. 467.
Type locality: — Dauria. Types, St. Petersburg Mus.^

4. Cambaroides schrenckii.

Astacus schrenckii Kessler, Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscou, 1874, 48, p. 361.

Type locality: — Lower Amur River Basin.

' /. e., were tliere wlien tlie species was described.

410 CRAYFISHES.

CAMBARUS Erichson.

Cambarus Erichson, Arch. Naturgesch., 1840, 12, 1, p. S,S.

§ I. Third segment of the third pair of leg.s of the male furni,shed with
hooks. First pair of abdominal appendages of the male stout, inner and outer
parts closely appressed, laterally compressed, with a horny (in the first form)
spine at the tip; anterior margin with a prominent shoulder near the distal end.
(Subgenus Procambarus of Ortmann.)

1. Cambarus digueti.

Cambarus digueti Bouvier, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1897, 3, p. 225.

Camharus carinatus Faxon, Proc. U. S. N. M., Feb. 17, 1898, 20, p. 648.
Type locality: — Guadalajara, Mexico. Type, U. S. N. M., No. 17,699, 1 cf f. I;
parotypcs, U. S. N. M., No. 16,085 (Ameca, State of Jalisco, Mex.), 17,707
(Hacienda de Villachuato, State of Michoacan, Mex.) ; M. C. Z., No. 4,338
(Ameca, Mex.).

Type locality: — Affluents of River Santiago, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Co-
types, Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris; U. S. N. M., No. 30,579; Carnegie Mus. Pittsburgh.

2. Cambarus williamsoni.

Cambarus (Procambarus) williamsoni Ortmann, iVnnals Carnegie Mus.,
1905, 3, p. 439.

Type locality: — Los Amates, Pi'o\ince of Izabal, Guatemala. Types,
Carnegie Mus. Pittsburgh.

3. Cambarus pilosimanus.

Cambarus (Procambarus) pilosimarms Ortmann, Proc. Washington Acad.
Sci., May 3, 1906, 8, p. 6.

Type locality: — Coche, near Coban, Guatemala. Types, Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris; paratypes, Carnegie Mus. Pittsburgh (1 cT f. I., 1 9 ).

4. Cambarus mexicanus.

Astacus (Cambarus) mexicanus Erichson, Arch. Naturgesch., 1846, 12, 1,
p. 99.

Cambarus aztecus Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1857, ser. 2, 9, p. 503. Type
locality: — Tomatlan [State of Vera Cruz?] Mexico. Cotypes, Geneva Mus.;
U. S. N. M., No. 20,682 (1 cf ex Geneva Mus.).

Cambarus ruthveni Pearse, 13th Rept. Mich. Acad. Sci., 1911, i). 110. Type
locality: — Cuatotolapam, Canton of Acayucan, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Types, Mus. Univ. Michigan, No. 41,704, 41,705, 1 d', 1 9.

Type locality: — Mexico. Type seemingly lost from the Berlin Mus.

CRAYFISHES. 411

5. Cambarus ctjbensis.

Astacus {Cambarus) cubensis Erichson, Arch. Naturgesch., 1846, 12, 1,
p. 100.

Type locality: — Cuba. Type, Berlin Mus.

5a. Cambarus cubensis consobrinus.

Cambarus cubensis consobrinus Saussure, Rev. et. Mag. Zool., 1857, ser. 2,
9, p. 101.

Type locality: — Ponds in the central part of Cuba. Cotypes, Geneva Mus.
(2 cf); Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (1 cf); Berlin Mus. (2 9); U. S. N. M., No.
20,684 (1 d' ex Geneva Mus.).

5b. Cambarus cubensis rivalis.

Cambarus cubensis rivalis Faxon, Bull. M. C. Z., October, 1912, 54,
p. 459.

Type locality: — San Diego de los Banos, Province of Pinar del Rio, Cuba.
Type, M. C. Z., No. 7,406.

6. Cambarus atkinsoni.

Cambarus (Procambarus) atkinsoni Ortmann, Annals Carnegie Mus., May 5,
1913, 8, p. 414.

Type locality: — Tributaries of Rio de los Indios, Los Indios, Isle of Pines.
Types, Carnegie Mus. Pittsburgh, No. 74,924.

§ II. Third segment of third pair of legs of the male provided with hooks.
First pair of abdominal legs of the male truncate, outer part closely appUed to
the inner and armed at the tip with from one to three horny, recurved teeth;
inner part ending in a sharp spine generally directed outward. (Subgenus
Cambarus of Ortmann, in part.)

7. Cambarus bouvieri.

Cambarus (Cambarus) bouvieri Ortmann, Ann. Sci. Nat., 1909, ser. 9, 7, p.
159.

Type locality: — Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico. Cotypes, Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris (2 cT f. I., 1 9); Carnegie Mus. Pittsburgh (1 c? f. I.).

8. Cambarus simulans.

Cambarus simulans Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 112.

Cambarus gallinus Cockerell and Porter, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1900,

412 CRAYFISHES.

p. 434. Type locality: — Gallinas River at Las Vegas, N. Max. Types, U. S.
N. M., No. 23,916; paratijpes, M. C. Z., No. 7,342; Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.

Type locality: — Dallas, Texas. Types, M. C. Z., No. 3,646; paratypes,
M. C. Z., No. 3,647; U. S. N. M., No. 4,150; St. Petersburg Mus.

9. Cambarus gracilis.

Cambarus gracilis Bundy, Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., Dec. 1876, 1,
p. 5.

Type locality: — Normal, McLean Co., 111., and Racine, Racine Co., Wis-
consin. Cotypes, 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Urbana, 111.; M. C. Z., No. 3,794
(Normal, 111.), No. 3,454 (Racine, Wis.).

10. Cambarus hagenianus.

Cambarus hagenianus Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 141.

Type locality: — Charleston, S. C. Type, M. C. Z., No. 232 (1 d" f. L).

11. Cambarus advena.

Cambarus advena LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1855, 7, p. 402.

Type locality: — Lower Georgia. Cotypes, M. C. Z., No. 3,379; Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philad.

§ III. Third segment of third and fourth pairs of legs of the male furnished
with a hook. First pair of abdominal appendages of male truncate, outer part
closely applied to inner part and armed at the end with from one to three horny
recurved teeth; inner part ending in a sharp spine which is often directed
outward. (Subgen. Cambarus of Ortmann in part.)

12. Cambarus spiculifer.

Astacus spiculifer Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1855, 7, p. 401.

Type locality: — Athens, Clarke Co., Georgia. Cotypes, M. C. Z., No. 3,376
(1 cf f. I.); Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. (1 c? f. II); paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 172
(11); U. S. N. M., No. 4,962 (1 c^); Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (2).

13. Cambarus versutus.

Cambarus versutus Hagen, Mem. M. C. Z., 1870, 2, p. 51.

Type locality: — Spring Hill, Mobile Co., Ala. Types, M. C. Z., No. 190;
paratypes, U. S. N. M., No. 4,963, (1 cf); Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (2); Australian
Mus., Sydney.

14. Cambarus pubescens.

Cambarus pubescens Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 109.

CRAYFISHES. 413

Type locality: — McBean Creek, Augusta, Georgia. Types, U. S. N. M.,
No. 3,181 (1 c?^ f. II., 19); paratypes,M.C.Z.,'!<io.3,551 (2 9).

15. Cambarus angustatus.

Cambarus angustatus LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1855, 7, p. 401.
Type locality: — Lower Georgia, in streams of clear water, between sand-
hills. Type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. (1 c^ f. I.).

16. Cambarus lecontei.

Cambarus lecontei Hagen, Mem. M. C. Z., 1870, 2, p. 47.

Type locality: — Mobile, Ala. Types, M. C. Z., No. 217; paratypes, U. S.
N. M., No. 4,958; Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (2); Mus. Wurzburg (2); Mus. St.
Petersburg (2) ; Australian Mus. , Sydney.

17. Cambarus blandingii.

Astacus blandingii Harlan, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, 1830, 3, p. 464.
Type locality: — Marshes and rivulets. Southern United States [Camden,
Kershaw Co., S. C.?]. Type, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. (1 d").

17a. Cambarus blandingii acutus.

Cambarus acutus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1852, 6, p. 91.

Cambarus acutissimus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1852, 6, p. 91.
Type locality: — Affluent of Mobile River, Kemper Co., Miss. Type probably
destroyed in the Chicago fire in 1871 ; paratypes (?), Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. (2).

Type locality: — Affluent of Mobile River, Kemper Co., Miss. Type
probably destroyed in the Chicago fire in 1871.

18. Cambarus hayi.

Cambarus hayi Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 108.
Type locality: — Macon, Noxubee Co., Miss. Type, M. C. Z., No. 3,533;
paratypes, U. S. N. M., No. 19,752, 21,850.

19. Cambarus fallax.

Cambarus fallax Hagen, Mem. M. C. Z., 1870, 2, p. 45.

Type locality: — Florida. Cotypes, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. (1 d" f. II-, 19);
M. C. Z., No. 3526 (1 d f. L, 1 d f. IL).

20. Cambarus acherontis.

Cambarus acherontis Lonnberg, Bihang K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl.,
1894, 20, af. 4, no. 1, p. 0.

414 CRAYFISHES.

Type locality: — Subterranean rivulet about 42 feet from surface, Lake
Brantley, Orange Co., Fla.

21. Cambarus clarkii.

Cambarus clarkii Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1852, 6, p. 91.

Type locality: — Between San Antonio and El Paso del Norte, Texas.
Types probably destroyed in the Chicago fire in 1871.

21a. Cambarus clarkii paeninsulanus.

Cambarus clarkii paeninsulanus Faxon, supra, p. 369.

Type locality: — Three miles below Horse Lanchng, St. John's River,
Florida. Type, M. C. Z., No. 3,530 (1 d', f. ID; paraiypes, U. S. N. M., No.
28,587, 28,589; M. C. Z., No. 7,370 (Beecher Point, St. John's River, Fla.).

22. Cambarus troglodytes.

Astacus troglodytes LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1855, 7, p. 400.

Astacus fossarum LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1855, 7, pi. 401.
Type locality: — Ditches, Lower Georgia. Coi^//jes, M. C. Z., No. 3377; Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philad.

Type locality: — Rice-fields, Georgia. Cotypes, M. C. Z., No. 3,375 (cf,
f. L); Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (cf f. L).

23. Cambarus evermanni.

Cambarus evermanni Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., May 22, 1890, 12,
p. 620.

Type locality: — Escambia River, at Flomaton, Escambia Co., Ala. Type,
M.C.Z., No. 3,834(1 d^ f. L).

24. Cambarus viae-viridis.

Cambarus lyiae-viridis Faxon, supra, p. 370.

Type locality: — St. Francis River, Greenway, Clay Co., Arkansas. Type,
M. C. Z., No. 7,336.

25. Cambarus barbatus.

Astacus penicillatus LeConte (nee Olivier, 1791), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad., 1855, 7, p. 401. Type locality: — Lower Georgia.

Cambarus barbatus Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., May 22, 1890, 12, p. 621.
Type locality: — Georgia. Type, M. C. Z., No. 279 (1 d^ f. L); paraiypes,
M. C. Z., No. 3,845, Escambia River, Flomaton, Alabama.

CRAYFISHES. 415

26. Cambarus wiegmanni.

Astacus {Cambarus) wiegmanni Erichson, Ai'chiv Naturgesch., 1846, 12,
1, p. 99.

Type locality: — Mexico. Type apparently lost from the Berlin Mus.

27. Cambarus hinei.

Cambarus (Cambarus) hinci Ortmann, Ohio Naturalist, Dec. 1905, 6, p. 401.

Type locality: — Near Cameron, Cameron Co., La.

28. Cambarus alleni.

Cambarus alleni Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 110.

Type locality: — St. John's River, Hawkinsville, Orange Co., Fla. Type,
M. C. Z., No. 3,"31 (1 d" f. I.).

29. Cambarus pellucidus.

Astacus pellucidus Tellkampf, .\rch. Anat. Physiol, wiss. Med., 1844, p. 383.

Orconectes inermis Cope, Amer. Nat., July, 1872, 6, p. 419; 3d and 4th Ann.
Rept. Geol. Siu"v. Indiana, 1872, p. 173. Type locality: — Wyandotte Cave,
Indiana.

Type locality: — Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. Type, Berlin Mus.

29a. Cambarus pellucidus testii.

Cambarus pellucidus, var. testii Hay, Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 1891, p. 148;
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Sept. 28, 1893, 16, p. 285.

Type locality: — Mayfield's Cave, Mom-oe Co., Ind. Types, U. S. N. M.,
No. 17,702; paratypcs, U. S. N. M., No. 19,765, 19,766, 22,431; M. C. Z., No.
7,431.

§ IV. Third segment of fourth pair of legs of male hooked. Inner and
outer parts of the first pair of abdominal appendages of male closely appressed,
outer part terminating in a recurved horny (in form I.) tooth; the inner part
giving off a long horny (in form I.) spine at an acute angle with the axis of the
limb. (Subgen. Paracambarus of Ortmann.)

30. Cambarus paradoxus.

Cambarus (Paracambarus) paradoxus Ortmann, Proc. Washington Acad.
Sci., May 3, 1906, 8, p. 3.

Type locality: — Sierra de Zacapoaxtla, State of Puebla, Mexico ("ruis-
seaux torrentueux des montagnes, a le canada de Tetela de Ocampo"). Types,

416 CRAYFISHES.

Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (1 cf f. I., 1 cf f. II., 1 9); paratypes, Carnegie Mus.
Pittsburgh; M. C. Z., No. 6,955 (1 cf f. I., 1 cf f. II., 1 9).

§ V. Third segment of second and third pairs of legs of male hooked.
First pair of abdominal appendages of male not truncate, inner and outer parts
separate and divergent for some distance from the tip; outer branch cleft into
two slender teeth at the end; inner branch either acute or spatulate at the tip.
(Subg. Cambarellus of Ortmann.)

31. Cambarus shufeldtii.

Camharus simfeldtii Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 134.
Type locality: — Near New Orleans, La. Cotypes, U. S. N. M., No. 4,860;
M. C. Z., No. 3,684.

32. Cambarus montezumae.

Cambarus ynontezumae Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1857, ser. 2, 9, p. 102.

Type locality: — Swamps of the Valley of Mexico; specifically, ponds in the
park of Chapultepec, Mexico. Cotypes, Geneva Mus. ; Berlin Mus.; U. S. N. M.,
No. 20,683 (ex Geneva Mus.).

32a. Cambarus montezumae dugesii.

Cambarus montezumae dugesii Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898,
20, p. 660.

Type locality: — State of Guanajuato, Mexico. Types, U. S. N. M., No.
16,087; paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 4,339.

32b. Cambarus montezumae areolatus.

Cambarus montezumae, var. areolata Faxon, Mem. M. C. Z., 1885, 10, p. 123.

Type locality: — Near Parras, Cohahuila, Mexico. Type, M. C. Z., No.
3,650.

32c. Cambarus montezumae chapalanus.

Cambarus chapalanus Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898, 20, p.
661.

Type locality: — Lake Chapala, State of JaUsco, Mexico. Type, U. S. N. M.,
No. 17,698 (1 c?); paratypes, U. S. N. M., No. 16,294 (2 cf); M. C. Z., No.
4,777 (1 c?).

32d. Cambarus montezumae occidentalis.

Cambarus montezumae occidentalis Faxon, Proc. V. S. N. M., Feb. 17, 1898,
20, p. 661.

CRAYFISHES. 417

Type locality: — Mazatlan, State of Cinaloa, Mexico. Types, AI. C. Z., No.
3,652.

§ VI. Third segment of third pair of legs of male hooked. First pair of
abdominal appendages of male (usually elongate) split into two rami, straight
or somewhat recurved, and acute at the tips. (Subg. Faxonius of Ortmann.)

33. Cambarus harrisonii.

Cambarus harrisonii Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 130.
Type locality: — Irondale, Washington Co., Mo. Types, M. C. Z., No. 3,586 ;
paratypes, U. S. N. M., No. 25,826.

34. Cambarus sloanii.

Cambarus sloanii Bundy, Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., Dec, 1876, 1,
p. 24.

Type locality: — 'New Albany, Floyd Co., Ind. Types, M. C. Z., No. 3,806
(1 d^f. I., 1 9).

35. Cambarus indianensis.

Cambarus indianensis Hay, 20th Ann. Rept. Depart. Geol. & Nat. Resources
Indiana, 1896, p. 494.

Type locality: — Patoka River at Patoka, Gibson Co., Ind. Types, U. S.
N. M., No. 14,624, 2 cf f. I., 2 9 ; paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 3,859, 2 d' i. L, 2 9 .

36. Cambarus affinis.

fCambarus limosus Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev., Nov.
1817, 2, p. 42. Type locality: — In the muddy banks of the Delaware River,
near Philadelphia, Pa. (Indeterminable from the description ; types not extant.)

Cambarus affinis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1817, 1, p. 168.

Cambarus pealei Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1852, 6, p. 87. Type
locality: — Potomac River at Washington, D. C. Type, U. S. N. M., No. 2,081
(2 d^,2 9).

Type locality: — Delaware River.

37. Cambarus propinquus.

Cambarus propinquus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1852, 6, p. 88.

Type locality: — Garrison Creek, Sacket Harbor, Jefferson Co., N. Y.,
Four-mile Creek, Oswego, Oswego Co., N. Y. Types probably destroyed m the
Chicago fire in 1871; paratype (?), Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. (1 cf ).

37a. Cambarus propinquus sanbornii.

Cambarus sanbornii Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 128.

418 CRAYFISHES.

Type locality: — Oberlin, Lorain Co., Ohio. Types, M. C. Z., No. 3,692;
paratypcs, M. C. Z., No. 3,587 (Smoky Creek, Carter Co., Ky.).

38. Cambarus obscurus.

Cambarus obscurus Hagen, Mem. M. C. Z., 1870, 2, p. 69.

Type locality: — Genesee River, Rochester, Monroe Co., N. Y. Cotypes,
M. C. Z., No. 181, 3,353, 3,354; U. S. N. M., No. 4,971; Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris;
Wlirzburg Mus.; Austrahan Mus., Sydney.

39. Cambarus erichsonianus.

Cambarus erichsonianus Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898, 20,
p. 659.

Type locality: — Rip Roaring Fork, five miles northwest of Greeneville,
Greene Co., Tenn. Cotypes, U. S. N. M., No. 20,787; M. C. Z., No. 4,347.

40. Cambarus rusticus.

Cambarus rusticus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1852, 6, p. 88.

Cambarus placidus Hagen, Mem. M. C. Z., 1870, 2, p. 65. Type locality: —
Lebanon, Wilson Co., Tenn. ; (Juincy, Adams Co., 111. ; Texas. Cotypes, M. C. Z.,
No. 289, 296, 170; U. S. N. M., No. 4,966; Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris; Wurzburg
Mus.; Australian Mus., Sydney.

Cambarus juvenilis Hagen, Mem. M. C. Z., 1870, 2, p. 66. Type locality: —
Little Hickman, Jessamine Co., Ky. Cotypes, M. C. Z., No. 213, 3,347; U. S.
N. M., No. 4,967; Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris; Wurzburg Mus.; Austrahan Mus.

Cambarus wisconsinensis Bundy, BuU. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Dec, 1876,
1, p. 4. Type locality: — Racine, Racine Co., Wisconsin. Type, M. C. Z.,
No. 3,448 (1 d^ f. II).

Type locality: — Ohio River, at Cincinnati, Ohio. Types probably destroyed
in the Chicago fire in 1871; paratypc (?), Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.

41. Cambarus forceps.

Cambarus forceps Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 133.
Type locality: — Cypress Creek, Lauderdale Co., Ala. Cotypes, U. S. N. M.,
No. 4,880; M. C. Z., No. 3,582.

42. Cambarus neglectus.

Cambarus neglectus Faxon, Bull. Washburn College Lab. Nat. Hist., Oct. 31,
1885, 1, p. 142.

Type locality: — Mill Creek, Wabaunsee Co., Kansas. Cotypes, M. C. Z.,
No. 3,757; Mus. Washburn College, Topeka, Kans.

CRA\TISHES. 419

43. Cambarus spinosus.

Cambarus spinosus Bundy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1877, p. 173.

Type locality: — Etowah, Oostanaula, and Coosa Rivers, near Rome,
Floyd Co., Georgia. Cotypes, M. C. Z., No. 3,540, 3,541 (4 c? f. II., 3 9);
U. S. N. M., No. 19,779 (3 cT f. II., 2 9).

43a. Cambarus spinosus gulielmi.

Cambarus spinosus gulielmi Faxon, supra p. 375.

Type locality: — Near Rossville, Walker Co., Georgia. Types, U. S. N. M.,
No. 26,379; paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 7,448 (1 d' f. II., 1 9).

44. Cambarus putnami.

Cambarus putnami Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 131.

Type locality: — Bear Creek, a tributary of Green River, Grayson Springs,
Grayson Co., Ky. Types, M. C. Z., No. 3,568; paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 3,569
(Green River, near Mammoth Cave, Ky.), No. 3,570 (Rocky Creek, near Gray-
son Springs, Ky., 1 cf ); U. S. N. M., No. 10,130 (Grayson Springs, Ky.); St.
Petersburg Mus. (Green River, Ky., 1 c?, 2 9).

45. Cambarus hylas.

Cambarus hylas Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., May 22, 1890, 12, p. 632.

Type locality: — West Fork of Black River, Reynolds Co., Mo. Types,
M. C. Z., No. 3,858; paratypes, U. S. N. M., No. 25,827 (1 c^, 1 9 ).

46. Cambarus medius.

Cambarus medius Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 121.

Type locality: — Irondale, Washington Co., Mo. Types, M. C. Z., No.
3,585 (1 d^ f. I., 1 9).

47. Cambarus compressus.

Cambarus compressus Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 127.

Type locality: — Second Creek, Waterloo, Lauderdale Co., Ala. Cotypes,
U. S. N. M., No. 4,878; M. C. Z., No. 3,583.

48. Cambarus meeki.

Cambarus 7neeki Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898, 20, p. 657.

Type locality: — Walnut Fork of Big Piney Creek, Swain, Newton Co.,
Ark. Types, M. C. Z., No. 4,363; paratypes, U. S. N. M., No. 19,680; Mus.
Zool. Torino.

420 CRA\TISHES.

49. Cambarus longidigitus.

Camharus longidigihis Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898, 20, p. 653.
Cambarus whitmani Steele, Univ. Cincinnati Bull., 1902, no. 10, p. 24.
Type locality: — James River, Mo.

Tijpe locality: — Oxford Bend, White River, [Izard Co.?], Ark. Types,
M. C. Z., No. 4,364; paratypes, U. S. N. M., No. 19,683.

50. Cambarus virilis.

Cambarus virilis Hagen, Mem. M. C. Z., 1870, 2, p. 63.

Cambarus debilis Bundy, Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., Dec, 1876, 1,
p. 24. Type locality: — Baraboo RivQr, Ironton, Sauk Co., Wis. Cotype,
M. C. Z., No. 3,449 (1 d" f. II.).

Cambarus couesi Streets, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1877, 3, p. 803.
Type locality: — Red River of the North, near Pembina, Pembina Co., N.
Dakota. Cotypes, U. S. N. M., No. 3,154; M. C. Z., No. 3,545.

Cambarus viridis Moenkhaus, Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. for 1902, 1903, p. Ill
{per errorem vice "virilis").

Type locality: — Lake Superior. Types, M. C. Z., No. 1,151; paratypes,
U. C. Z., No. 194, 203 (Lake Superior), No. 196 (Quincy, 111.), No. 3,342 (Lake
Winnipeg), No. 3,343 (Red River of the North), No. 3,344 (Saskatchewan
River) ; Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (Lake Superior) ; Wiirzburg Mus. (Lake Superior) ;
Australian Mus., Sydney.

51. Cambarus pilosus.

Cambarus pilosus Hay, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Oct. 11, 1899, 22, p. 121.

Type locality: — Beloit, Mitchell Co., Kansas. Cotypes, U. S. N. M., No.
19,761 (6 c^ f. II.); M. C. Z., No. 7,389 (1 d" f. II. ).

52. C.\MBARUS ALABAMENSIS.

Cambarus alabamensis Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 125.

Type locality: — Second Creek, Waterloo, Lauderdale Co., Ala. Cotypes,
U. S. N. M., No. 4,876; M. C. Z., No. 3,565.

53. Cambarus nais.

Cambarus nais Faxon, Bull. Washburn College Lab. Nat. Hist., 1885, 1,
p. 140.

Type locality: — Labette Co., Kansas. Cotypes, Mus. Washburn College,
Topeka, Kan.; M. C. Z., No. 3,755.

CRAYFISHES. 421

54. Cambarus immunis.

Cambarus immunis Hagen, Mem. M. C. Z., 1870, 2, p. 71.

Cambarus signifer Herrick, 10th Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Minn., 1882, p. 253.
Type locality: — Grass Lake, Richfield, Hennepin Co., Minn. Cotype, M. C. Z.,
No. 3,515, (2 d^ f. I., 1 9).

Type locality: — Lawn Ridge, 111. Types, M. C. Z., No. 188; paratypes,
M. C. Z., No. 3,355 (Belleville, Saint Clair Co., 111.); Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris
(Lawn Ridge, 111., Id').

54a. Cambarus immunis spinirostris.

Cambarus immunis spinirostris Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 146.

Type locality: — Creek running into the east side of Redfoot Lake, near
Idlewild Hotel, Obion Co., Tennessee. Cotypes, U. S. N. M., No. 4,655; M. C. Z.,
No. 3,562.

55. Cambarus validus.

Cambarus validus Faxon, supra, p. 382.

Type locality: — Huntsville, Madison Co., Ala. Type, M. C. Z., No. 301

(1 cf f. I.).

56. Cambarus palmeri.

Cambarus palmeri Faxon, Proc. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 124.

Type locality: — Creek running into the east side of Redfoot Lake, near
Idlewild Hotel, Obion Co., Tenn. Cotypes, U. S. N. M., No. 4,872; M. C. Z.,
No. 3,564.

56a. Cambarus palmeri longimanus.

Cambarus palmeri longimanus Faxon, Proc. LT. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898,
20, p. 655.

Type locality: — Red River, Arthur City, Lamar Co., Texas. Types,
M. C. Z., No. 7,390; paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 4,361, 4,362, (Goodland, and
Kiamichi, Indian Terr, [now Oklahoma]) ; U. S. N. M., No. 19,684 (Arthur,
Tex., Indian Terr.); Mus. Zool. Torino.

57. Cambarus difficilis.

Cambarus difficilis Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Feb. 17, 1898, 20, p. 656.

Type locality: — Creek tributary to a southern branch of the Canadian
River, McAlester, Pittsburg Co., Oklahoma. Types, M. C. Z., No. 4,359;
paratypes, U. S. N. M., No. 19,687; Mus. Zool. Torino.

422 CRAYFISHES.

58. Cambarus mississippiensis.

Cambarus mississippiensis Faxon, Proc. Ainer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 123.

Tijpe locality: — Macon, Noxubee Co., Miss. Types, Coll. O. P. Hay;
paratype, M. C. Z., No. 3,563 (1 9 ).

59. Cambarus lancifer.

Cambarus lancifer Hagen, Mem. M. C. Z., 1870, 2, p. 59.

Cambarus faxonii Meek, Amer. Nat., Dec. 1894, 28, p. 1042. Type locality:
St. Francis River at Greenway and Big Bay, Arkansas. Cotypes, U. S. N. M.,
No. 19,331; M. C. Z., No. 4,220; Mus. Zool. Torino.

Type locality: — Root Pond, Miss. Type, M. C. Z., No. 306 (1 d' f. I.).

§ VII. Third segment of third pair of legs of male hooked. First pair of
abdominal appendages of male short and thick, terminating in two large recurved
tooth-Uke processes, the larger formed by the outer part of the appendage, the
smaller by the inner. (Subgen. Bartonius of Ortmann.)

60. Cambarus hamulatus.

Orconectes hamulatus Cope and Packard, Amer. Nat., Nov. 1881, 15, p. 881.

Type locality: — Nickajack Cave, Tennessee. Cotypes, M. C. Z., No. 3,678
(1 d^f.IL, 1 9).

61. Cambarus setosus.

Cambarus setosus Faxon, Bull. M. C. Z., Dec. 1889, 17, p. 237.
Type locality: — Wilson's Cave, Jasper Co., Missouri. Types, M. C. Z.,
No. 4,200; paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 4,201, 4,202; U. S. N. M., No. 25,828.

62. Cambarus ayersii.

Cambarus ayersii Steele, Univ. Cincinnati Bull., 1902, No. 10, p. 18.

Type locality: — Fisher's Cave, near Springfield, Greene Co., Missouri.

63. Cambarus extraneus.

Cambarus extraneus Hagen, Mem. M. C. Z., 1870, 2, p. 73.
Type locality: — Tennessee River, Tenn., near the boundary of Georgia.
Types, M. C. Z., No. 175; paratype, U. S. N. M., No. 4,957.

63a. Cambarus extraneus girardianus.

Cambarus girardianus Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 1 17.

Type locality: — Cypress Creek, Lauderdale Co., Ala. Cotypes, U. S. N. M.,
No. 4,882; M. C. Z., No. 3,560.

CRA\TISHES. 423

64. Cambakus jordani.

Cambarus jordani Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 119.
Tijpe locality: — Etowah River, near Rome, Floyd Co., Georgia. Type,
M. C. Z., No. 3,561 (1 o^ f. II.).

65. Cambarus cornutus.

Cambarus cornutus Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 120.

Type locality: — Green River near Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. Type,
M. C. Z., No. 3,566 (1 d' f. L).

66. Cambarus bartonii.

Astacus bartonii Fabricius, Suppl. Entomol. Syst., 1798, p. 407.

Astacus ciliaris Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. and Crit. Rev., Nov. 1817,
2, p. 42. Type locality: — Brooks near Fishkill, Dutchess Co., and Newburgh,
Orange Co., New York.

Astacus pusillus Rafinesque, .\mer. Monthly Mag. and Crit. Rev., Nov.
1817, 2, p. 42. Type locality: — Brooks near Saratoga Springs, Saratoga Co.,
N. Y.; Lake George, N. Y.; Lake Champlain; Utica, Oneida Co., N. Y.; Oswego,
Oswego Co., N. Y.

Type locality: — North America [probal)ly neighborhood of Philadelphia,
Pa.]. Type (fragment only), Kiel Museum.

66a. Cambarus bartonii carinirostris.

Cambarus bartonii carijiirostris Hay, supra, p. 384.

Type locality: — Gandy Creek, Osceola, Randolph Co., West Virginia.
Type, U. S. N. M., No. 23,962; paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 7,399.

66b. Cambarus bartonii montanus.

Cambarus montanus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1852, 6, p. 88.

Type locality: — Within the Alleghany ranges in Virginia, West Virginia,
and Maryland; tril^utaries of James River, Rockbridge Co., Va.; Shenandoah
River, Clarke Co., Va. ; Cumberland, Allegany Co., Md.; Sulphur Spring,
Greenbrier River, W. Va. Types probably destroyed in the Chicago fire in 1871 ;
paratype (?), Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. (1 c? juv., James River, Va.).

66c. Cambarus bartonii robustus.

Cambarus robustus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1852, 6, p. 90.

Type locality: — Humber River, near Toronto, C'anada. Type probably
destroyed in the Chicago fire in 1871 ; paratype (?), Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. (1 cf).

424 CRAYFISHES.

66(1. Cambarus bartonii longirostris.

Cambarus bartonii, var. longirostris Faxon, Mem. M. C. Z., Oct. 1885, 10,
p. 64.

Cambarus bartonii spinirostris Faxon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., May 22, 1890,
12, p. 623 {lapsu calami pro " longirostris ").

Type locality: — Near the boundary between western North Carolina and
eastern Tennessee. Type, M. C. Z., No. 3,629 (1 d" f. II.).

66e. Cambarus bartonii longulus.

Cambarus longulus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad., 1852, 6, p. 90.

Type locality: — Unknown; "its range however, is within the Middle States
of the Union." Type probal^ly destroyed in the Chicago fire in 1871.

66f. Cambarus bartonii veteranus.

Cambarus bartonii veteranus Faxon, supra, p. 389.

Type locality: — Indian Creek, Baileysville, Wyoming Co., West V^irginia.
Type, U. S. N. M., No. 44,712; paratypes, U. S. N. M., No. 25,020; M. C. Z.,
No. 7,402.

66g. Cambarus bartonii asperimanus.

Cambarus bartonii asperimanus Faxon, supra, p. 391.

Type locality: — Flat Creek, near Montreal, Buncombe Co., N. C. Types,
U. S. N. M., No. 47,375 (2 cT f. I.).

66h. Cambarus bartonii acuminatus.

Cambarus acuminatus Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 113.

Type locality: — Saluda River at Farr's Mills, west of Greenville, Green-
ville Co., South Carohna. Cotypes, Butler Univ., Irvington, Ind. (1 cf f. II.,
1 9); M. C. Z., No. 3,624 (1 9).

66i. Cambarus bartonii laevis.

Cambarus bartonii laevis Faxon, supra, p. 391.

Type locality: — Bloomington, Monroe Co., Indiana. Types, M. C. Z.,
No. 3,812.

66j. Cambarus bartonii tenebrosus.

Cambarus bartonii tenebrosus Hay, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Sept. 12, 1902, 25,
p. 232.

Type locality: — Mainmoth Cave, Kentucky. Types, U. S. N. M., No.
22,340.

CRAYFISHES. 425

66k. Cambarus bartonii cavatus.

Cambarus bartonii cavatus Hay, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Sept. 23, 1902, 25,
p. 435.

Type locality: — Powell River at Tazewell, Claiborne Co., Tennessee.
Types, U. S. N. M., No. 25,017.

67. Cambarus latimanus.

Astacus latimanus LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1855, 7, p. 402.

Type locality: — Athens, Clarke Co., Georgia. Cotypes, M. C. Z., No.
3,378 (1 cf f. I) ; Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliilad. (19); paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 236.

67a. Cambarus latimanus striatus.

Cambarus latimamis striatus Hay, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Sept. 23, 1902, 25,
p. 437.

Type locality: — Nashville, Tenn. Type, U. S. N. M., No. 25,019; paratype,
M. C. Z., No. 7,348.

68. Cambarus graysoni.

Cambarus graysoni Faxon, supra, p. 393.

Type locality: — Bear Creek, Grayson Springs, Grayson Co., Kentucky.
T^jpes, M. C. Z., No. 3,593.

69. Cambarus ortmanni.

Cambarus ortmanni Williamson, 31st Ann. Rept. Dept. Geol. Indiana, 1907,
p. 754.

Type locality: — Six-Mile Creek and Craven Ditch, tributary to Wabash
River, above Bluff ton. Wells Co., Indiana. Types, Carnegie Mus., Pittsburgh;
paratypes, Coll. W. P. Hay; M. C. Z., No. 7,587 (1 9).

70. Cambarus carolinus.

Astacus (Cambarus) carolinus Erichson, Arch. Naturgesch., 1846, 12, p. 96.
Type locality: — Farm called "Tiger Hall, " near Greenville, Greenville Co.,
S. C. Type, Berlin Mus. (1 c^).

70a. Cambarus carolinus dubius.

Cambarus dubius Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 114.

Type locality: — Cranberry Summit [now Terra Alta], Preston Co., West
Virginia. Type, M. C. Z., No. 3,631.

70b. Cambarus carolinus monongalensis.

Cambarus monongalensis Ortmann, Annals Carnegie Mus., 1905, 3, p. 395.

426 CRAYFISHES.

Txjpe locality: — Head of Gordon's Valley, Edgewood Park, Allegheny Co.,
Pa. Types, Carnegie Mus. ; paratyj)es, M. C. Z., No. 6,953; U. S. N. M., No.
30,613.

71. CaMBARTJS DIOGENES.

Cambarus diogenes Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1852, 6, p. 88.

fCamharus nebrascensis Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1852, 6, p. 91.
Type locality: — Fort Pierre, Nebraska [now in Stanley Co., South Dakota].

Cambarus obesus Hagen, Mem. M. C. Z., 1870, 2, p. 81. Type locality: —
Lawn Ridge, Illinois. Types, M. C. Z., No. 195; paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 165
(Belleville, Saint Clair Co., 111.), No. 336 (Evanston, Cook Co., 111.), No. 229
(Arkansas), No. 3,363 (Petersburg, Dinwiddie Co., Va.); Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris
(LawTi Ridge, III, Belleville, 111.); St. Petersburg Mus. (Belleville, 111.).

Type locality: — Near Washington, D. C. Paratype (?), Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad.

71a. Cambarus diogenes ludovicianxis.

Cambarus diogenes, var. ludoviciana Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20,
p. 144.

Ty pe locality : — l<iew Orleans, La. Cotypes, U. S. N. M., No. 5,625;
M.C. Z.,No. 3,617.

72. Cambarus argillicola.

Cambarus argillicola Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 115.

Type locality: — Detroit, Mich. Types, M. C. Z., No. 3,459.

73. Cambarus uhleri.

Cambarus uhleri Faxon, Proc. Amer. Acad., 1884, 20, p. 116.

Type locality: — Swamp on Eastern Road near Felsburg, Somerset Co.,
Maryland. Type M. C. Z., No. 3,634 (1 d' f. I.) ; paratypes, M. C. Z., No. 3,633,
3,635, 3,636 (Dorchester, Somerset, and Worcester Cos., Md.).

74. Cambarus clypeatus.'

Cambarus clypeatus Hay, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Oct. 11, 1899, 22, ]). 122.

Type locality: — Bay Saint Louis, Hancock Co., Miss, (found in a skiff).
Type, U. S. N. M., No. 22,778 ( 9 ).

' The ])ositi()n of tliis species is doubt fill, :is only the feiniilr is knowti.

CRAYFISHES. 427

Doubtful species, not included in the preceding list.

1. Cambarus maniculatus.

Asiacus maniculatus LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1855, 7, p. 401.
Type locality: — In ditches, Lower Georgia.

2. Cambarus stygius.

Cambarus stxjgius Bundy, Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., 1876, 1, p. 3.
Type locality: — Lake Michigan at Racine, Racine Co., Wisconsin (washed
up during a violent storm) .

3. Cambarus typhlobius.

Cambarus typhlobius Joseph, 57th Jahresber. Schlesischen Gesellsch. vaterl.
Cult., 1879, 1880, p. 202.

Cambarus coccus Joseph, Berl. Entomol. Zeitschr., Dec. 1881, 25, p. 237.

Cambarus stygius Joseph, Bcrl. Entomol. Zeitschr., April, 1882, 26, p. 12
(nee Bundy, 1876).

Type locality: — Recca River, Grotto of St. Kanzian at Metaian, near
Divazza, Carniola (doubtless an error) .

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Note. — Plates 1-3 are after colour-drawings of living specimens, by E. N. Fischer. Plates 4-8 are
from India-ink drawings by E. N. Fischer. Plates 9-13 are from photographs by George Nelson.

PLATE 1.

PLATE 1.

Fig. 1. — Cdiiihurus hagenianus Faxon.
Fig. 2. — Cdiiiharus hagenianus Faxon.

9.

Muldon, Miss.

M. C. Z., No. 7,425.

X 1.

cT.

Muldon, Miss.

M. C. Z., No. 7,425.

X 1.

<
a.

<

q:
o

■o
o

o
o

A \

if/' '

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PLATE 2.

PLATE 2.

Fig. 1. — Ciintharus inmiiinis spirdroslHs Faxon
12,1911. M.C.Z., No. 7,364. X 3.

Fig. 2. — Cntnhanis immunis spiniroslris Faxon, cf, form I
12,1911. M.C.Z., No. 7,363. XI.

Young 9. Pontoosue Lake, Lanpsboro, Mass., Aug.
Pontoo,suc Lake, Lanesboro, Mass., Aug.

\

a
£
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u

PLATE 3.

PLATE 3.

Cambanis bartonii robustus (Girard). Bog River, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., July, 1912. M. C. Z.. No.
7,440. X li-

M L M M u s Co M P Z O O L

Crayfishes PlathS.

PLATE 4.

PLATE 4.

Fig. 1. — Parastacus ornucnnius Faxon, ci^. Corral, Chile, Dec. 18, 1008. Tj'pe. M. C. Z., No.

7,355.
Fig. 2. — Epistoma of tlie .same.
Fig. 3. — Aiitennal scale from the right antenna, upper face.

Mem. Mus. Conip. Zo6l.

Crnvfishes. Plate ^.

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DARASTACUS ARAUCAMUS FAXON

PLATE 5.

PLATE 5.

Fig. 1. — Camharusviae-i>iri(lis Faxon, o", form I. St. Francis R., Greenway, Ark., Aug., 1894. Type.

M. C. Z., No. 7,336.
Fig. 2. — Epistoraa of the .same.
Fig. 3. — Antemial scale of the .same.
Fig. 4. — Gonopod of the same, inner side.
Fig. 4(1. — Gonopod of the same, outer side.
Fig. 5. — Right cheliped of the same.
Fig. 6. — ■ Annidus ventraUs of the female Camhariis viae-t'iridis.

Metn. Mils. Coiiip. /ool.

Cra\ fishes, Plate 5.

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:aMBARUS VIAE-VIRIDIS FAXON

PLATE 6.

PLATE 6.

Fig. 1. — Camharus itmniiiiis spiiiiroslris Faxon. Pontoosuc Lake, Lanesboro, Masa., Aug. 12. 1011.

M. C. Z., No. 7,363. Gonopod of the cf , form I. la, outside, 16, front, If, inside.
Fig. 2. — Gonopod of the c?, form IL of the same, 2n, out.side, '2h, front, 2c, inside.
Fig. 3. — ■ Epistoma of the same.
Fig. 4. — Antenna! scale of the .same.
Fig. 5. — .A.nnuliis ventrahs of the 9 of the same.
Fig. 6. — Chela of the cf, form L of the .same.

Mem. Mil*. Conip. Zool.

Crayfishes, Plate 6.

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CAMBARUS IMMUNIS SPIMRCSTRIS FAXON

PLATE 7.

PLATE 7.

Fig. 1. — Caniharvs hagenianus Faxon. JVIuklon, Mi.ss. Gonopod of a', form I. In, outer side, lb,

inner side, Ic, front.
Fig. 2. — Ctmibarus pcllucidus {TeWkami)!). IManimoth Cave, Ky. Gonopod of o^, form I. 2(i, outer

side, 26, inner side, 2c, front.
Fig. 3. — Cnmbariis validtis Faxon. Huntsville, Ala. Type. M. C. Z., Xo.301. Gonopod (o" form I.).

3a, outer side, 36, inner side, 3c, front.
Fig. 4. — Cdiiibanis I'aiidus Faxon. Type. Antennal scale.
Fig. 5. — Astacus nigrescens fortis Faxon. & ■ Fall R., Fall City Mills, Cal. Type. U. S. N. M.

Antennal scale.
Fig. (i. — Astacus gamb(:iico)mede7is Faxon, cf. Snake R., Upper Salmon Falls, Idaho. Type. U.S.

N. M., No. 23,096. Antennal scale.
Fig. 7. — Cambarus hagenianus Faxon. 9- Muldon, Miss. Annulus ventralis.
Fig. 8. — Cambarus rnlidus Faxon, cf • Type. Epistoma.
Fig. 9. — A.ttacus nigrescens forlis Faxon, a^. Type. Epistoma.
Fig. 10. — Astacus gandielii conncclens Faxon, o"'. Type. Epistoma.

Mt-ni. Mu>. Coiup. Zool,

Cra.vt'ishes. Plate 7.

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PLATE 8.

Fig.

1.-

Fig.

1«.

Fig.

lb.-

Fig.

Ic-

Fig.

1(/.

Fig.

le.-

Fig.

1/.-

Fig.

2.-

Fig.

2a.

Fig.

2h.

Fig.

2c.

Fig.

2d.

Fig.

2c.

Fig.

2/.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

3n.

Fig.

36.

Fig.

3c.

Fig.

3f/.

Fig.

3c.

Fig.

3/.

PLATE 8.

— Axiiicus udacas ilAnni). o''. Leipzig, Gfrraany. M. C. Z., No. 3403.

— Gonopod of the same.

— Chela of the same.

— Antennal scale of the same.

— Anterior process of the epistoma of the same.

— P'rofile of anterior end of rostrum of the same.

— Pleura of the second and third abdominal segments of the same.

— Asiacus palHpes italicus Faxon. &. SarnoR., Pompeii, Italy, .lune 10, I'.IOO. Type. V. S.
N. M., No. 28,038.

— Gonopod of the same.

— Chela of the same.

— Antennal scale of the same.

— Anterior process of the epistoma of the same.

— Profile of anterior end of rostrum of the same.

— Pleura of the second and third abdominal segments of the same.

— .4s;ac»s paHipes Lereboullet. cf. Saone R., Lyons, France. M. C. Z., No. 3,372.

— Gonopod of the same.

— Chela of the same.

— Antennal scale of the same.

— Anterior process of the epistoma of the same.

— Profile of anterior end of rostrum of the same.

— Pleura of the second and third abdominal segments of the same.

Mem. Mus. Coiiip. Zool.

Cravfislies, Plate 8.

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FIG. 1. ASTACUS ASTACUS (LINNE) FIG. 2. .ASTACUS PALLIPES ITALICUS FAXON FIG. 3. ASTACUS PALLIPES LEREBOULLET

PLATE 9.

PLATE 9.

Fig. 1. — Parastaciis sjnnifrons (Philippi)? Mus. d'Hist. Nat,., Paris. X 1.

Fig. 2.— Astacus n-igrescens fortis Faxon. cT. T}'pe. Fall R., Fall City Mills, Cal., Aug. 29, 1898.
U. S. N. M. SUghtly enlarged.

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PLATE 10.

PLATE 10.

Fig. 1. — Astacus gambelii cotinedens Faxon, c?. TjTJe. Snake R., Upper Salmon Falls, Idaho, Oct.

3,1894. U. S.N. M., No. 23,096. Enlarged.
Fig. 2. — Astamts gambelii with most of the characters of .4. y. coriricctens. cf . Mouth of St. Joe R.,

Cocur d'^ilene Lake, Idaho. IT. S. N. M. X 1.

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PLATE 11.

PLATE 11.

Fig. 1. — Astaatsklamalhensis Stimpson. cP. Portland, Or. U. S. N. M., slightly enlarged. Showing

the chelipeds of normal shape.
Fig. 2. — Asiacus klamathensis Stimp.son. cf . Portland, Or. U. S. N. M., slightly reduced. Showing

the abrioimal, atavistic form of the regenerated claw of the left side.

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PLATE 12.

PLATE 12.

Fig. — Astacus kUniialhensis Stirapson. <f. Portland, Or. U. S. N. M. XI. Both of the phelipeds

are .second growths, the left the older.
Fig. 2. — Aslacus klumathcnsisStiinpson. cf. Portland, Or. U. S. N. j\l. Shghtly reduced. Showing

both claws regenerated, of full size, and nearly .symmetrical; yet very different in shape from

the normal claw as seen in Plate 11, Fig. 1.

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PLATE 13.

PLATE 13.

Fig. 1. — Cambams valid us Faxon, c?, form I. Type. Huntsville, .\la. M. C. Z., No. 301. X U.
Fig. 2. — Cambarus bartonii veteranus Faxon, cf, form I. Type. Indian Creek, Baileysville, \V. Va.
Aug. 16, 1900. U. S. N. M., No. 25,020. Reduced.

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Harvard MCZ Library

2044 066 30

987

PUBLICATIONS

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

%

There have heen puhlislied of the Bulletin Vols. I. to LIV.;
of the Memoirs, Vols. I. to XXIV., and also Vols. XXVI. to XXIX.,
XXXI. to XXXIV., XXXVI. to XXXVIII, XLT., and XLI^'.

Vols. LV. to LVIII. of the Bulletin, and Vols. XXV., XXX.,
XXXV., XXXIX., XL., XLIL, XLIIL, XLV. to XLVIII. of the
Memoirs, are now in course of publication.

A price list of the publications of thr Miiftcitm will he sent
on application to the Director of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.