FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION 1 FORSCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY r' f Australian Aboriginal Life. A Room-case (25 ft. by 13 ft.), recently opened in the Queensland Museum, illustrating Australian Aborijiinal Life. MEMOIRS 5.o4(.q..3)4^ OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM VOL. II. WITH PLATES AND FIGURE IN THE TEXT, EDITED BY THE DIRECTOR R. Hamlyn-Harris. D.Sc, F.L.S., F.R.M.S., F.Z.S., &c. ISSUED DECEMBER 10, 1913. BY AUTHORITY: ANTHONY JAMES GUMMING. GOVERNMENT PRINTER. BRISBANE. ''H-i^l^O(o FjrJ Plate I. EVOLUTION. THE TRANSMUTATION OF SPECIES. ORGANIC lA OI.L 1 KA i. ihe .cimc,- ol ih.- I, involved in iIk- ihanyrs ol organisms. Il l.-achc -*• planls and animals. Ii.ivr come from earlier forms. lorces which govern the derivalion of species frc .According lo Evolulion ihere is no break In (he chain ol :ls processes and laws ihal all living ihings, Il is ihe sludy of the m ancestral organisms, life. Evei>'lhing has come from something else. and. in a wide sense, all living things form one family. In successive pcnods in the history' uf the world higher and higher animals came into being. In the Silurian. Fishes made their appearance. Amphibians in the Carboniferous. Reptiles m the Permian. Birds in the -Jurassic. Later came Mammals, and then Man himself. In its widest sense Evolution treats of the history of every form of matter and force in the universe. The term Darwinism Is sometimes used as synonymous with Evolution, because Charles Darwin did so much to explain the process. 1 he word Evolution often suggests philosophical assumptions with which science has nothing to do The "Doctrine of Descent IS thus a preferable term for the general theory of Organic Evolution, whilst the word Bionomics-(Bios. life; Nomos. order or custom), first suggested by Ptof Patrick Geddes, is also coming into use The doctrine is illustrated by a large number nf facts, taken from every branch of science, among which may be summarised : — ANATOMICAL DATA ; The facts of classification -that species fades into species, that genus Is linked to genus, that genealogical trees are suggested. Remarkable connecting links give "an impression of affiliation" between groups A recognitioD of homologies -that is. of structural and developmental similarities. Thus the wing of a bird, the fore-leg of a horse,, the flipper of a whale, the wing of a bat. the arm of a man, show tiomologies not only as regards the bones, but aJso as lo muscles, nerves and blood vessels. Vestigial structures, to which the*" Doctrine of Descent is the only key The anatomist Wiedershcim has recorded 180 of these structures in man. among which may be mentioned the vermiform appendix and the muscles of the external ear. The splint bone of the horse and the useless vestiges of limbs in certain snakes are familiar examples of funciionless structures in animals. PAL/EONTOLOCICAL DATA; riie historical evidence ol the lineage ol ihe horse linm ancestors wiih lour loesi is illustraied in this Museum Another convincingly clear ancestral tree has been tr.iced ol the elephant, with us long tusks, from tapir-like ancestors with ordinary mcisor teeth 'In tfie Triassic section of ihe Meso7oic cases in the hossil Court of this Museum is shown a cast of the Archasopteryx. usually accepted as a link belween the Birds and Reptiles, EMBRYOLOCICAL' DATA : It IS generally recognised thai an animal or plant is apl lo reproduce, during Us embryonic development, some of the stages of its ancestry in past tim in the development teeth in the bale, n Thus there are residues of gil nf every reptile, bird and mamm, vhale which never cut the gum. BLOOD RELATIONSHIP: When the blood ol a hors ■ is transfused into an ass, that ol a hare into a rabbil. or thai of an orang into a gibbon, or that of a man into a chimpan7ee. there is a harmonious mingling of the two. But when luiinan blood is transfused into an eel. pigeon, horse, dog, cat, lemur or non-anthropoid ape, there is no harmonious mingling. The human blood serum behaves in a ausing a disturbance, marked, f red blood corpuscles. The ases IS that in the first the 1 the second they are not. hostile way to the other blood, for instance, by the destruction difference in the two sets of organisms are closely related ; EVOLUTION TO-DAY : Rvolulion IS in dclu.il process lo-day. as js shown by ihe develop- ment of cultivaird pLinls. such as new cereals, plums, berries. 6cc. Oryans and ori^anisms are shil chanqiny. With the separalion of individuals by barriers of land and water and varying chmalc, diflermtj lines of descent are brought into exislcnce. Owing lo a necessarily limited period of observation, the majority of these changes escape definite notice. o a METHODS OF EVOLUTION. There IS no unanimity ol 0|iininn among Biologists js lo the Factors or Methods of Evolution. Some scientists believe that the production ol new forms IS a function of variation, and that species do not arise slowly, but by sudden changes. .Others lay stress on what are known as Lamarckian factors— that changes in environment directly bring about changes in the habits of animals, 1 tie l)est known theory is that of Natural Selection, which may be summarised as follows:- NATURAL SELECTION: Living creatures are very prolific. More organisms are born than can survive. The majority die young. No two individuals ol the same soecles are exactly alike. Variations are of common occu rence, and some of them are transmissible. There is a ceaseless struggle for food and place -a struggle for ■existen c. The Survival of the Fitttst is the outcome. , Natural Selection tends to m.iintain the balance of living things and ther surroundings. When the environment changes, living things must adapt themselves thereto, or perish ETHNOGRAPHICAL NOTES OF TORRES STRAIT. Illustrated by Specimens in the Queensland Museum Collections. By R. Hamlyn-Harris, D.Sc, Etc. (Director). (Plate II and one text-figure.) THE LEGEND OF PATRAETER. The Ethnological Collection from Torres Strait has recently been enriched by the addition, through purchase, of a very fine specimen of a Darnley Island god made of lava, bearing the name of Patraeter, and fashioned in a truly realistic manner into a figure representing a man in a squatting position with its hands brought up to its chin in a prayerful attitude. There can be no doubt that the contours of the original piece of lava were particularly adapted for this sculpturing, but the figure, nevertheless, displays considerable ability on the part of the unknown artist. A great resemblance in workmanship exists between this image and those of a similar nature described by Professor Iladdon in his ' ' Myths and Folktales. ' '* Tradition, dating back to proto-historic times, has it that this very god was found by the natives of Darnley Island (Erub), having been previously deposited there by the famous Soiida (or Sida), a mythical super-man credited with creative faculties of no mean order. f The accounts of Soiida 's doings vary in a remarkable way with the different islands, and this may be best explained by the view that the legends have been handed down from generation to generation by word of mouth, giving ample scope for the imagination of the natives to run riot. SOIIDA AT MER. According to ]\Ir. P. G. H. Guilletmot, from whom the specimen was obtained, and who has very kindly furnished me with the particulars here published and which were verified by several of the oldest men in the island, Soiido (pronounced Soy do) originally came from New Guinea and made his first halt on the island of ]\Iurray ('' Mer ") for the purpose of making the hitherto barren island fruitful. After a very brief stay he was instrumental in causing the abundant growth of bananas, coeoanuts, yams, etc. FISH-TRAPS ON MER. Fish-traps were also built by him round the island of Mer {see text figure). A. E. Huntt refers to a " big fish enclosure" (Sai), evidently the * A. C. Haddon, Anthropological Expedition to Torres Strait, Cambridge, 1908, vol. vi. t The Story of Sidor, by E. Beardmore, Joum. Anth. Inst., vol. 19, 1890, p. 465. Also, Anthropologxal Expedit:on to Torres Stra't, vol. v., 1904, pp. 28, 31, 35. Also, Rev. A. E. Hunt in Ethnographical Notes on the Murray Islands, Torres Straits, Joum. Anth. Inst., vol. 28 (new ser:es 1), 1899, p. 5. J A. E. Hunt, Ethnographical Notes, etc., Joum. Anth. Inst., vol. 28, p. 17. 2 ME MO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. same.* These fisli-traps, which are still visible to-day, were made with lava arniuged in a semicircular fashion, with curved walls to ensure a better capture of fish. The natives, when asked for a reason for this particular method, say " To make fish silly," and it requires very little imagination to understand how the fish would wander round and round such an enclosure very much in the same fashion as a caged wild beast would parade the narrow limits of its prison home, ultimately becoming tired out and " silly" with its vain endeavours to gain the sea and liberty. SEA Wnll of Stone Fig. 1 Tish Trap - DarnUjf Island. SOHDA AT ERUB. Soiido's efforts at Mer having thus been crowned with success, he next visited the island of Darnley (Erub), repeating his endeavours to fertilize the island, and whilst there he was seen by natives who consulted him about the " evil spirits" believed to have existed in and around the island, with the result that he made this god. and left immediately afterward. PATRAETER DEPOSITED ON ERUB. The god was deposited in a certain place on the island, so that he might be available for purposes of consultation with regard, to the removal of the evil spirits through the instrumentality of the heads of the clans or tribes. This god became very antagonistic towards the evil spirits and demanded their removal — each ev;il spirit being represented by definite stone figures. Obedient * See A. 0. Haddon, Anthropological Expedition, vol. vi. ABORIGINES OF THE TORRES STRAIT. Plate IL. A Darnley Island God — Pateaeter. Specimen No.: Q.M. E. 13/212. Face page 2l ETHNOGEAPHICAL NOTES OF TOBRES STEAIL—HAMLYN-HABBIS. 3 to the wishes of Patraeter, they removed to a neighbouring sandbank and asked if they were far enough away, to which the god replied, "No; go further." This was repeated over and over again until the evil spirits had reached the black rocks known as Bramble Cay, in the Great North-East Passage, about 26 miles from Darnley, when the god professed himself satisfied. Bramble Cay is still visible to-day to passers-by as a rock representing a human figure (probably a female) holding an infant in its arms. In reality a considerable am.ount of imagination is required to confirm this. Through the kindness of Dr. Tosh we have the following from an Erub native, Speah ; this is not so reliable, Speah being from all accounts a much younger man with a more vivid imagination : — " On Darnley were four of these stone figures — the name of each being Patraeter; they seem to have been used as land marks or rather property marks in turtle-fishing, and to have possessed the powers of the usual mythical super- man. A man named Py dug up or fashioned similar figures in the creek just south of his house. This seemed to trouble Patraeter, for he insisted that they be taken away. So Py packed the two figures (or more) on a canoe and set off. Some of the earth carried with them fell overboard a little to leeward of Darnley and there formed a sandbank — Diaul; then Py and his people shouted to Patraeter, to know if they should leave them there, but the " ' god ' answered, ' Take im more far. We savvy pole, we savvy pole.* Take em more.' This was repeated (including formation of sandbank) at Meradi, Tot, and Kep. " At last Bramble Cay was reached, and Patraeter was satisfied that they be left there. '' Two figures are especially named Py-wer and his picaninny Burwak, And ever after, when Py and his people w^ent turtle-fishing on Bramble Cay, there was much ceremony. First Py went ashore alone and all canoes drew back into deep water. Having assured himself by private interview with Py-wer that all was well, he signedf to his people to come ashore. There they fished for some days, and sun-dried much turtle meat, and laid in stock of fresh turtles for transport to Darnley. When all are ready to depart, Py takes some turtle grease and anoints the head of Py-wer, beseeching him to send a favourable wind. Py is the last to leave. ' ' SOHDA AT OOGAR. Soiido, after making the islands fertile in the prescribed way, proceeded to Stephens Island {" Oogar") and repeated his performances there. From Oogar he went to New Guinea, where he met a beautiful woman (as he had done on the otlier islands) , who was so struck with his handsome demeanour that she fell in love with him straight away and asked him to elope. Soiido, however, * That is, " Pole a canoe." t Made sign, " Plenty turtle here," by half squatting down and raising the arms. 4 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. denied lier the request, and informed her tliat he could never marry a mortal.. This is indirectly opposed to the Kiwai version of Sida,* wlien Sicla married Sagaru. He wandered to and fro from place to place, allowing her to accompany him until full moon came, when he took a certain seed from his dilly-bag and planted it in the ground. Assisted by certain incantations and weird noises he- caused the seeds to germinate. The seed grew into a large tree, Soiido seating himself with the woman on different branches, and as the tree grew higher and higher they were carried up to the moon, where Soiido left her; but the woman's face is still visible in the moon until this day, going away on the wings of a cloud.. LEGEND OF THE DOIOM (ERUB). Professor Haddon has made lengthy references to the small " weather- gods" of Torres Strait known by the local name of " Doiom" (Doyom),t but one or two additional details in coimection with a specimen recently acquired by us are worth recording. About three months previous to the North-West Season, when universal drought prevails, the rain-maker (or rain-man) envelopes the " Doyom " in so-called "bush medicine" consisting of herbs, etc., and lowers the weather-god by means of an attached string into a hole specially prepared to receive it. The cord is left only partially visible after the hole has been filled up. After the " Doyom" has been allowed to remain for at least three days and three nights undisturbed in the ground, the rain-maker visits the spot fully dressed in ceremonial finery, and approaching from the weather side indulges in incantations until, by the rehearsal of magic ritual only under- stood by themselves, the w^eather-god is pulled out by the cord. It has been a belief amongst them that the fumes given off by the fermented herbs reach the ' ' medicine man ' ' and affects the testes, which swell in consequence. Rain follows next day after severe winds. STORY OF BAEXIS (ERUB). I am also indebted to Mr. Guilletmot, whose kind assistance in many ways I desire to gratefully acknowledge, for the following information: — There is a belief in " Erub" that there is in existence a so-called " dog" as large as a cow, which appears either on or before the death of men of importance (only) — " Big men" — called " Awle." The natives who have seen it say that it is black and white and abides at Stephens Island (" Oogar"). Additional colour- has been lent to the belief by some natives, who are still living, declaring that it was repeatedly seen by them at Darnley during the epidemics of dysentery prevalent in 1912, when it caused great consternation amongst the inhabitants. The so-called " dog" is supposed to land on the north-west side of Darnley, * A. C. Haddon in Folktales, Anthropological Expedition to Torres Strait, vol. v, 1904, p. 35. t A. C. Haddon, Anthro. Exped. Torres Strait, vol. vi., 1908, p. 194, etc. ETHNOGRAPHICAL NOTES OF TOEBES STBAIT.—HAMLYN-HAEEIS. 5 leaving its tracks on the shore to proceed along the public road wandering about, calling at the front doors of houses, and finally returning to the place from whence it came. The apparition is said to have been seen by other native races of the South Seas, who also go so far as to say that it is " as true as god," but dare not molest it for fear of misfortune. Dr. Tosh gives the following version obtained from Speah, the Erub native before mentioned: — " Baexis is a beast like a dog, as big as a cow, spotted black and white, one side of face white, one side black : thought to be a devil or spirit that comes for the souls of the departed. " The men who o\Mied this dog were two brothers, Imai and Dowai, sons of Kanorr, who used to live at the village of Apro, or Gibbo, or Zighis on Stephen Island. Baexis is invisible when not on duty, no one knowing where he lives. Speah has seen him twice here (Darnley) ; once as he passed, and once on the occasion of the death of a native at Stephen Island. The woman died in the evening, and all through the night three men watched by the door of the grass house where she lay. One of these was Speah. At midnight the dogs barked as they became aware of the presence of Baexis. He came right up to the door where the men sat, then quickly turned his tail to the door and stood looking seawards. The men beheld him in fear and trembling. At last he • departed along the sand-beach. When in the morning the people came out of their houses, the tracks of Baexis were visible on the sand." A SUPPOSED AEROLITE FROM SAIBAI. Through the instrumentality of His Excellency the Governor of Queensland, Sir William MacGregor, a large stone weighing just upon 4 cwt. was sent to the Queensland Museum for examination and report. According to local tradition the stone was supposed to be an aerolite, which had fallen on the hard ground (formed of pisolite, iron, etc.), near the sea on the island of Saibai. Subsequently it was rolled away to assist in the reclamation of the swamp area, and when taken it was nearly covered with soil. The presence of this stone was all the more noticeable owing to the fact that there is no stone of any kind on Saibai. It is common belief in the island amongst the oldest men that, in the days of their fathers, it fell from Heaven near a man sitting on the hard ground on which the village now stands ; he rose and fled. It is said that a second one fell in Danan and killed a number of people there (Danan, I believe, is granitic). Mr. Charles Niebel, the Government Teacher on Saibai, sends me the following particulars relating to this supposed aerolite, and I here reproduce them for what they are worth: — ■ " Moigi, a man of about sixty years of age, says that when he was a boy his father Kubid told him the story, which he had heard from his father Ausi, .that the stone in question had fallen from the sky, and did not belong to this 6 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. world. Aiisi (the grandfather of Moigi) had not seen it fall — it did not falJ^ during his lifetime, but he had the story as it had been handed down from father to son by his (Ausi's) forefathers. The story being already traditional during the childhood of the grandfather of one of our oldest men, points to the fact that the stone is more than a century old ; perhaps considerably more. The stone was allowed to lie where it fell, and, during the childhood of those who are now old men, parents used to forbid their children from touching it, for fear that if they touched it more stones would fall. When the first missionaries came they said their God was the only god and that the stone could not hurt them, and suggested burning it. Then five men — Gari, Dagi, Aina, Janaur, and Kinaur — put fire round the stone, and managed to chip off the outer shell for stone clubs, but could make no impression on the inner portion. By this means they reduced the diameter of the stone by about six or eight inches. After that the stone lost its sanctity and children used to play freely round it and climb on to it. ' ' Unfortunately, however, the composition of the stone is not that of a meteorite, so that it is very hard to bring facts already stated into line with what we now know of its nature. At my request Mr. J. B. Henderson, the Queensland Government Analyst, has very kindly supplied me with the analysis of a piece of this rock, which is as follows : — Per Cent. Loss on ignition . . . 0-2 Silica (SiO„) . 59-5 Iron oxide (Fe^Oa) 6-8 Alumina (AUOs) . 18-4 Oxide of manganese (MnO) 0-4 Oxide of titanimn (TiO.,) . 0-6 Lime (CaO) 6-5 Magnesia (MgO) . . 1-9 Alkalies (Na,OK,0) 5-U Sulphur . Nil Phosphoric acid . . . Nil 99-6 It has been remarked that the words ''fell from Heaven" suggest Christian^ teaching rather than heathen superstition, so that Dr. Anderson's report (Australian Museum, Sydney) on the subject is all the more forcible: — " Structurally and chemically the supposed aerolite has all the character- istics of an ordinary terrestrial rock, and none which are recognised as distinctive of meteoritic bodies. Unless its fall was actually observed by reliable witnesses, I am afraid that the meteoritic origin of this specimen would not be accepted on the evidence of legendary reports. It would be unsafe to say that a body with the characteristics of andesite might not reach the earth from space, but possibilities- are not probabilities, and such a substance would have to furnish unexceptional credentials before it would be admitted amongst meteorites. ' ' Whatever view may be taken as to the character of the stone, the ethno- logical significance of the belief is still of interest. A PAPUAN MOSQUITO NET.—HAMLYN-EABEIS. A PAPUAN MOSQUITO NET. By R. Hamlyn-Harris, D.Sc. (Director). (Plate III.) During his term of office as Administrator of British New Guinea, His Excellency the Governor of Queensland, Sir William MacGregor, whilst on a visit to the Mekeo District, came across a native mosquito ' ' net ' ' erected in one of the houses, and was fortunate enough to secure it for the famous MacGregor collection which he made and which is now housed in the Queensland Museum in Brisbane. The *' net " takes the form and shape of a bag, 15 ft. 5 in. long hy 5 ft. 3 in. wide, and is suspended with cords from the rafters of the native houses somewhat in the fashion shown in the figure, Plate No. III. Long strips of cocoanut bark, that withered portion so common around the blossoms and the leaves, are sewn together, and closed on three sides, the fourth being available for entrance and exit. This " net," though suspended, rests in the main on the floor of the houses on native mats, the frayed edges of the entrance closing automatically and sufficiently to act as an effective bar to mosquitoes. The heat and closeness of the interior must be intense, since practically no ventilation is possible, and the bag is used by the various members of the family who repose there for the night. The writer is indebted to His Excellencj^ for kindly drawing his attention to this rare and unique specimen and for the assistance given in deciding its identity, which had been lost many years ago. It is no wonder that such should have been the case, for one would never think of recognising, in this cocoanut fibre bag, so useful an article as a native mosquito " net." His Excellency does not recollect ever having seen another of its kind, and tells me that the par- ticular part of Mekeo where the " net " was actually in use — one of the villages on the river — was so infested with mosquitoes that devices had to be invented to prevent great suffering to the natives. He remembers that the boys who worked his boat up the river had to wrap up their limbs and take other pre- cautions against the attacks of these pests ; and so it is not to be wondered at that the Papuans of that part should construct such a serviceable protection for themselves whilst asleep. In this connection it may not be out of place to recall 8 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. the case of the Nile fishermen who successfully kept off mosquitoes by hanging up their fishing-nets around their beds at night. Herodotus refers to them as follows : — " Against the innumerable mosquito they have these devices. Those that Jive above the marshes are protected by the towers into which they climb to sleep; for the mosquitos are unable to fly high from the ground in the breeze. But those who dwell about the lagoons have another device in place of the towers. Every man of them has a net in which he catches fish by day, and in the night uses it thus on his bed : He rigs up the net round his bed, gets in under it, and so goes to sleep. If he sleeps with his cloak or a sheet wrapped round him, the mosquitos bite clear through the covering; but they don't ever try to bite through the net."* If fishing-nets were successful agencies in securing to their owners nights free from the molestation of mosquitoes, we have no reason to doubt the thorough effectiveness of the Papuan mosquito " net " for the purpose for which it was intended. * Herodotus, Book 2, Ch. 95. PAPUANS OF THE MEKEO DISTRICT. Plate III. Top. Closed end". Opoi! end. A Mosquito Xet used bv the Papuans of the Mekeo District, British New Guinea. Hanging by cords, but base resting on floor. Specimen No.. N.C.E. 13/31,-). Face page 8, APPUETENANCES, EAIFA EUEU AND SEMESE DANCES.— HAMLTNHAERIS. i) SOME PAPUAN CEREMONIAL APPURTENANCES USED AT THE KAIVA KUKU* AND SEMESE DANCES. Illustrated from Specimens in the Queensland Museum Collections. R. Hamlyn-Harris, D.Sc, Etc. (Director). (Plates IV. to XI.) *Dr. C. G. Seligman: The Melane.-ians of British New Guinea (Kaiva Kuku), 1910, p. 299 10 MEMOmS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Plate IV. A double-headed head-dress worn at Kaiva Kuku ceremonial dances at Orokolo^ Gulf of Papua. The figure supported on the lower mask is that of a crocodile with a human head — seen sideways; total height 4 ft. I14 in., width 2 ft. liy^ in., length 7 ft. The whole object is mounted on a cane framework, which is covered with either cocoanut or sago palm fibre, and ornamented in red, white, and black. The frames are made of lawyer cane, previously dried in the sun and scraped and split into the various thicknesses required, many kinds of grasses- being used for binding purposes. The sago-bark is well beaten out, cleaned and dried in the sun, and laid aside ready for use, but is again thoroughly washed in water when put on the frame, so that when finished a good tight surface is obtained. The colours used are generally white lime, obtained from crushed shells, charcoal, a yellow colour made from the leaves of a yellow croton, and a red bark powder or lime stained. Strips of fibre and leaves with white feathers decorate the sides of the animal. The masks take usually from three to four months in the making. Specimen No.: Q.i\I. E. 13/215. Plate IV. THE PAPUANS OF THE GULF DISTRICT, BRITISH NEW GUINEA. A Head -Dress worn at the Kaiva Kuku Ceremonies at Orokolo. Specimen No. : Q.M. E. 13/215. Face page 10. 24 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Plate VI. Four Papuan ceremonial head-dresses (same history). Fig. 1.— Height 2 ft. 7 in. Specimen No. : Q.M. E.13/231. Fig. 2. — A mask supporting an imitation banana tree. The broad leaves are provided with streamers. The bunch of bananas, hanging about midway, is somewhat obscured by drapings from above. Total height 4 ft. 11 in. Specimen No.: Q.M. E.13/239. Fig. 3. — Mask with hair-pad. The human hair is matted together with burrs. Total height 2 ft. 3 in. Specimen No. : Q.M. E.13/236. Fig. 4. — The upper portions of this head-dress are decorated with native bark cloth, painted similarly to tappa cloth, and dyed grass fringes; the whole is finished off with a crest and slit forming an imitation of the cassowary's comb or helmet. Unfortunately this is not shown in the figure, the helmet-like crest only coming to light after the photograph had been taken. Specimen No.: Q.M. E.13/241. ■N^ THE PAPUANS OF THE GULF DISTRICT. Plate VI. Ceremonial Head -Dresses worn by the Kaiva Kuku at Orokolo. Face page 14- 18 3££jI0IFuS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, Plate VIII. Fig. 1. — Ceremonial liead-dress with two wings mounted on a cane brim. Height 2 ft. 6 in., width 2 ft. 3 in. Used at the Kaiva Kuku dances, Orokohi, B.N.G. Specimen No. : Q.M. E.13/233. Fig. 2. — Head-dress with a garfish-like mouth. Height 3 ft. 11% in.; 1 ft. 11 in. in widest part. Worn at the " Semese" * dances at Waipua, Purari Delta, British New Guinea. The " Semese" are not ancestral dances as the Kaiva Kuku appear to be, but are more elaborate and exclusive, and undoubtedly- war dances. These commence usually about 10 or 11 o'clock at night. A party- marches along the beach fully armed, with warlike antics and beating of drums, wandering sometimes for two or three miles from the Eravos before commencing the advance ; a warlike party from another Eravo goes in an opposite direction, subsequently meeting them for the final onslaught. Specimen No. : Q.M. E. 13/226. Fig. 3. — Dancing object made in imitation of a shield ; cane frame covered on one side only with coeoanut filire cloth and ornamented in red, black, and white. Dimensions, 2 ft. 7 in. X 1 ft. 8 in. Used at the Kaiva Kuku dances, Orokoio. Specimen No. : Q.M. E.13/225. Fig. 4. — Imitation of a bird, representing a booby or gannet bird (Sula sp.). Used at the Kaiva Kuku ceremonials, Orokoio. Length 2 ft. 2 in. X 2 ft. I/O in. across from wing to wing. Specimen No. : Q.^I. E. 13/234. Fig. 5. — A double-headed crocodile. Black with white spots; 6 ft. long, girth of body 2 ft. IQi/o in. (Same history.) Specimen No. : Q;.M. E.13/214. The meaning of ' ' Semese ' ' in Papuan dialect is ' ' Warrior. ' ' THE PAPUANS OF THE GULF DISTRICT. Plate VIII. ^ . s I ^!1 « -^ ■^' i^i^^4 Face page 1! SACEED STICKS OB BVLL-BOABEh'S.—HAMLYN-HABBIS. 25 SACRED STICKS OR BULL-ROARERS. As exemplified by specimens in the Queensland Museum Collections. By R. Hamlyn-Harris, D.Sc, &c. (Director). (Plates XII to XVII.) So much has been published about Bull-roarers that it is quite superfluous to reiterate all that has been written or even give a brief summary of their significance. My object here is rather to assist the student who may some day feel disposed to bring all our knowledge upon this subject up to date and incorporate it in a useful whole. I thus place on record illustrations of our principal bull-roarers, all, with the exception of two New Guinea specimens (the two last noted), coming from Q;ueensland, and bearing a very marked and general resemblance to whirlers from other parts of Australia. The ethnological student is constantly made to realise that the various divisions of Australia into States are only arbitrary, and have nothing whatever to do with the distribution of tribes, clans, &c., since the natives knew no bounds except the bounds produced by distance and by inability to cover the enormous ■distances on foot. Even the most casual glance at the plates (Nos. XII to XVI) will convince the reader of this ; indeed, so remarkably similar are some of them (see Plate XII, fig. 1) to the wooden Churingas described by Spencer and Gillen,* that one might almost suppose the Queensland specimens to have come from the same localities. Bull-roarers are universal throughout Queensland. The belief in them as sacred objects seems to have been comparatively simple, though as objects of tabu to women, children, and perhaps to the uninitiated they have ever been regarded as mysteries calculated to give their owners, using them, increased power and privilege. t Dr. Roth, speaking of North-West-Central Queensland, tells us that the smaller whirring boards of about 4 inches in length and no gravings on them, sometimes red-ochred, are used as toys or playthings indiscriminately by either sex and at any age. The graved and larger varieties of about 8 inches are used in the initiation ceremonies, and in the Yaroinga tribes of Queensland are put to the special use of love-charms. * Spencer & Gillen: The Native Tribes of Central Australia, 1899, chap, v.; also Across Australia, 1912, vol. 1, p. 208. t W. E. Roth: Ethnological Studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines, p. 129, Brisbane, 1897. 26 MEMOISS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. * 111 Bull. 11, North Queensland Ethnography, Dr. Roth also figures two whirlers from Butcher 's Hill used in rendering a baby ' ' tabu. ' ' The use of such an implement for purposes of this kind is not universal. With regard to the British New Guinea Bull-roarers I have little to say. Apparently social conditions and ceremonial life do not demand the use of such an implement, except rarely ; as Mr. Douglas Rannie has pointed out to me,, in those islands of the Pacific where most of the ceremonies take place in the "tabu" or "Gamal" houses no sacred implements such as the Bull-roarer are necessary, since no women or children would ever dream of going near such an abode of the mystic rites, and hence the sounding of the whirler would be superfluous. This is doubtless also the case among the Papuans of British New Guinea, except where ritual dances and observances are held out of doors, when the Bull-roarer is swung to render the ceremonial ground tabu to females. t Seligman speaks of bull-roarers in use in Southern Massim at the Walaga Feast, but, since these are used on this occasion only and have no apparent utility, one is rather inclined to regard them as a dying relic of the past. For the remainder the specimens will speak for themselves. * W. E. Eoth: North Queensland Ethnography, Bulletin No. 11; Records of the- Australian Museum, vol. vii., No. 2, 1908. t Dr. Seligman: The Melanesians of British New Guinea, 1910, p. 592. 28 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Plate XII. BULL-ROAEERS OR WOODEN CHUEINGAS OF THE QUEENSLAND ABORIGINES. Figure 1. Dimensions : 366 mm. X 51 mm. The larger of the two, wrapped up and shown in Figure 2. Ornamented with numerous circles, which are in their turn connected by lines to the larger central concentric circles, and provided with a rough semicircular curve at each end. Reverse side similar (suggestive of a frog totem). Red ochre. Locality : Glenormiston, North-West-Central Queensland. Specimen No. : Q.E. 13/256.1. Figure 2. Two (figures 1 and 3) wrapped in old piece of pituri cloth (old sacking) and tied with the human hair cord attached to the whirlers. As carried about from place to place. Locality : Glenormiston, N. W. C. Q;ueensland. Specimen No. : Q.E. 13/256. Figure 3. Dimensions : 356 mm. X 49 mm. Lesser of the two shown in figure 2, wrapped up. Ornamented with down cemented with human blood (both sides). Red ochre. Locality : Glenormiston, N. W. C. Queensland. Specimen No. : Q.E. 13/256.2. Figure 4. Two bull-roarers in tea-tree bark sheath (dilapidated). Specimen visible has no markings on reverse side. Locality: Glenormiston, N. W. C. Queensland. Specimen No. Q.E. 13/250. Figure 5. Dimensions : 241 mm. X 36 mm. One of the two shown in figure 4 enclosed in a tea-tree bark sheath, Avith three sinuous lines running down the centre, suggestive of a snake-totem. The semicircles are arranged facing one another, the significance of which must not be lost sight of. No reverse markings of any kind. Red ochre. Roughly figured in Edge-Partington, p. 118 (Australia), No. 8.* Locality: Glenormiston, N. W. C. Q;ueensland. Specimen No.: Q.E. 13/250.1. * Edge-Partington : Ethnographical Album of the Pacific Islands, third series, August, 1898. Note. — In using the terms ' ' obverse ' ' and ' ' reverse, ' Mt is understood that the obverse side is the one figured. — R.H.H. QUEENSLAND ABORIGINES. Plate XII. vH;^' o K < O Hi- Face page 28. 30 ME MO I as OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Plate XIII. BULL-ROAEERS OR WOODEN CIIURINGAS OF THE QUEENSLAND ABORIGINES. Figure 1. Dimensions: 290 mm. X 52 mm. Native name " "Wilmurra," Kalkadoon tribe. Roughly finished, concavo- convex, crude ornamentation in form of badly cut lines (in threes) on one side of the whirler only. Wood (very dark), though hard, splits easily in direction of grain. Provided with human hair cord, which is attached to hole and cemented with gum cement. Roughly figured in Edge-Partington (Australia), p. 118, No. 10; erroneously called " Wilmuna. " Locality: Leichhardt (Selwyn District), N. W. C. Queensland. Donated by Mr. A. Meston. Specimen No.: Q.E. 13/237. Figure 2. Dimensions : 359 mm. X 40 mm. With two star-shaped designs, two semicircles, and numerous transverse lines; reverse side similar. The human hair cord attached to this specimen measures 5 ft. 6i/. in. in length. Locality : Glenormiston, N. W. C. Queensland. Specimen No. : Q:.E. 13/239. Figure 3. Dimensions : 327 mm. X 47 mm. The outer portions smeared with blood, to which feather-down has been attached, a good deal of which has worn off in handling ; human hair cord attached. The reverse side is ornamented with one large circle of concentric lines in the centre, and the remaining space is taken up by transverse lines of a very rough nature. Figured in Edge-Partington, p. 118, No. 5. Locality : Glenormiston, N. W. C. Queensland. Specimen No. : Q.E. 13/240. Figure 4. Dimensions: 391 mm. X 52 mm. The five concentric circles are compassed on their sides by a series of five lines running snake-like nearly the whole length of the implement ; four series of short lines occupy some of the short intervening spaces. Reverse side very similar. Locality: Queensland (exact locality unknown). Specimen No.: Q;.M. 13/254. QUEENSLAND ABORIGINES. Plate XIII, Face page 30. 32 MEMOmS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Plate XIV. BULL-EOARERS OR WOODEN CHURINGAS OF THE QUEENSLAND ABORIGINES, Figure 1. Dimensions : 385 mm. X 38 mm. Five series of semicircular lines placed back to back, not facing one another. The reverse side similar, the circle being replaced by transverse lines. Hard wood ; red ochre. Locality: Queensland (exact locality unknown). Q.M. Specimen No.: Q.E. 13/2-11. Figure 2. Dimensions : 325 mm. X 37 mm. Flat piece of wood, rudely shaped, pointed at each end and coloured witli red ochre. One of the few Queensland churingas, ornamented with dots, so significantly introduced by the Central Australian tribes in their designs to represent the footprints of animals or the tracks of the men. Roughly figured in Edge-Partington (Australia), p. 118, No. 6. Locality : Glenormiston, N. W. C. Queensland. Q.IM. Specimen No. : Q,.E. 13/242. Figure 3. Dimensions : 492 mm. X 50 mm. Both the obverse and reverse sides ornamented with circles, finished off with occasional short series of lines. Red ochre. Locality: Glenormiston, N. W. C. Queensland. Q.M. Specimen No.: Q.E. 13/243. Figure 4. Dimensions : 340 mm. X 39 mm. The reverse side of this roarer, which is suggestive of a snake totem, is figured in Edge-Partington, p. 118, No. 7. Hardwood; red ochre. Locality: Western Border of Queensland. Q.M. Specimen No.: Q.E. 13/244. Figure 5. Dimensions: 433 mm. X 31 mm. Plain with the exception of a row of small white marks arranged around the edges, nearly worn off (invisible in figure). Red ochre. Locality: Queensland (exact locality unknown). Q.M. Specimen No.:: Q.E. 13/245. QUEENSLAND ABORIGINES. Plate XIV. P5- W. Pi < o Face page 32. 36 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Plate XVI. BULL-EOAREES OE WOODEN CHURINGAS. Two bullroarers exposed to show emu feathers w^rapped up with them in cloth (modern). The cord attached to churingas is of human hair. Wooil stained with red ochre. A different though similar pattern is graved on each side, mainly circles. Locality : Upper Mulligan River, N. W. C. Queensland. Specimen No. : Q.E. 13/236. Q UEENSLA ND A BORIGINES Plate XVI. Bull-Roarers or Wooden Churingas in Wrapping — Exposed for View. Q.M. Specimen No.: Q.E. 13/2.36. Face page 36. 38 MEMOIRS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Plate XVII. Figure 1. BULL-EOAEER FEOM OROKOLO, BEITISH NEW GUINEA. 668 mm. X 100 mm. Specimen Reg. No. : Q.M. E.13/219. The front is ornamented with the crude figure of a reptile, probably a crocodile ; the back is quite plain. ' ' Attached to a long string on the end of a stick and swung round the head, giving forth a loud humming sound, sounded to warn the women and children to ' clear ' before a dance." Used by the Papuans of the Gulf Division at the Kaiva Kuku Dances. Figure 2. BULL-EOAEEE FROM THE MEKEO DISTRICT, BRITISH NEW GUINEA. 380 mm. X 40 mm. Specimen No. : N.G. 18639. Front and back quite plain, spatulate shape, in sheath of bark. This specimen is figured in Edge-Partington * as a spatulate with no history, but thanks to His Excellency Sir William MacGregor, K.C.M.G., who collected it, we now know that it was used by masked men when proclaiming a *' tabu" on cocoanuts in their tribe. The sheath is rather significant, and reminds one of the Queensland specimens. * Edge-Partington : Ethnological Album of the Pacific Islands, third series, August, 1898, p. 73. PAPUANS OF BRITISH NEW GUINEA. Plate XVII^ Bull-Roarers. 1. Q.M. Specimen No. : E. 13/219. 2. Specimen No. : N.G. 18639, with sheath of bark Face page 38, HEBPETOLOGICAL NOTES.— LONGMAN. 39 HERPETOLOGICAL NOTES. Part I.— SYSTEMATIC. Including the Description of One New Species. By H. a. Longman. CARETTOCHELYS INSCULPTA, Ramsay.* "Wpiilst working through a number of duplicate Chelonian specimens, a dusty carapace and plastron were discovered in inner recesses of old shelves. On cleaning and examination these proved to be the rare Carcttochelys insculpta, Ramsay, first described from the Fly River, British New Guinea. For the reception of this monotypic tortoise, the family Carettochelyidce was established by Boulenger.f Our carapace is 49.5 centimetres in length, and is thu>s somewhat larger than the type. With the exception of the position of neural plates it agrees well with Ramsay 's description. In our specimen the first neural plate is separated from the second by a distance of 8 mm. Plates two, three, and four are joined, and the two former are apparently bisected by a transverse line, scarcely so deep as an ordinary suture, which gives them a divided appearance. Thus it would be almost correct to speak of eight neural plates and not six. Plate four just reaches number five by means of a lanceolate strip. A space of 8 mm. separates plates five and six. The plastron has been sawn away from the carapace and thus the sutures between them are somewhat disturbed, but although the right and left sides are not symmetrical there are no signs of intermarginals. As the Museum was indebted to His Excellency the Governor of Queens- land, Sir "William MacGregor, for a large proportion of specimens received from New Guinea, his attention was directed to this specimen. To our gratification Sir William at once remembered it, courteously giving the information that it had not been secured in the Fly River but in the Morehead River. Should complete specimens come to hand, it may be that the union of the neural plates is accompanied by other distinct features, and this large Chelonian from the Morehead may thus be entitled to specific rank. Reg. No. Q.M. J13/902. * Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) i (1886), p. 158. t Bovilenger, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xix, 1887, p. 171. 40 MEMOIL'S OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. ASPIDITES COLLARIS, new species. From ^Iv. E. A. Biguell, Avondale Station, via Cunnamulla, the Queens- laud 2Iuseura recL'ived in March, 1913, a specimen which differs so markedly from all described Australian Boida? that new specific rank has been given to it under the above name. Eostral slightly broader than deep, the portion visible from above about one-third as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals one-third longer than l)road, shorter than the anterior pra^frontals which are as long as the loreal region. Posterior prefrontals broader than long, separated from each other by a small azygous shield. Frontal as long as broad, somewhat narrower posteriorly, almost pentagonal, broader than the supraoculars. Parietal region broken up into small shields, of which two are as large as the internasals. Two subequal loreals. Three praeoculars. the lowest of which is exceedingly small, and three or four postoculars. Thirteen upper labials, seventh entering the eye, third largest ; nineteen or twenty lower labials, the nine anterior being longer and narrower. IMental shield small ; a deep mental groove. Scales on middle of body 64 ; near vent 40 ; the two series on each side nearest the ventrals are enlarged. Ventrals 303 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 52, of which the first and two of the last are divided. Colouration : Light brown above, darker in the vertebral region, with irregular hair-brown bands, often anastomosing on the sides. Ventrals and spaces between bands on sides dirty white ; anterior ventrals dark-clouded. A wide white band extends over the occiput, and the whole of the under surface of the head is pure white. The supraoculars, the adjoining postocular, and two small parietal scales are glossy black, as is also the rostral shield, but the area between these is again white, though not so markedly so as the upper and lower labials, the under surface of the head, and the occipital region. The frontal is also dark-clouded on its posterior surface. Total length 620 millim. ; tail 58. Reg. No. Q.M. J13/944. The question arises whether the white markings on the head do not represent a variation to be found in juvenile forms of Aspidites ramsayi, Maeleay, but the write'r has no knowledge of such marked divergence from adult colouration in any of the Australian Boidie. In the Horn Expedition report* there is noted an Aspidites melanoceplialus, the head of which was uniform pale bro^M3. Apart from this striking colouration, the structural differences separating our snake from A. ramsayi, as redescribed by E. R. Waite,t are but slight. * Horn Expedition, Part II. (Lucas & Frost), 1896, p. 147. t Proc. Lin. Soc. N.S.W., 1894, vol. 9, p. 715, pi. 50. HESPETOLOGICAL NOTES.— LONGMAN. 41 HERBERT0PHI3 PLUMBEUS, Macleay. During the Q;ueensland Government 's Expedition to Bellenden-Ker Range in 1889, four specimens of this snake were secured for the Museum. In the •official report the species was referred to, under Macleay 's name, as "A nocturnal snake peculiar to the Herberton district, in which it is common. "As there seems to be an element of doubt as to whether this snake should be included as a Stegonotus, a careful examination has been made of the specimens. There are 13 or 14 maxillary teeth which exhibit the characteristic dentition of Stegonotus modestus as figured by Boulenger in the B.M.C. i., p. 364. The front teeth are the smallest. An increase in size may be noted towards the middle; then is apparent a break which would casually be looked upon as a diastema, but close examination reveals the presence of two very much smaller teeth. The penulti- mate and two preceding teeth are the largest in the series, the final tooth being -again smaller. In his description of Lielaphis {Stegonotus) modestus, Giinther remarks: "It is not rarely doubtful whether the dentition of a specimen should be considered diacranterian or syncranterian ; but it is never lycodont. ' ' The same remarks apply in general to the specimens under consideration. Stegonotus muelleri, the type specimen of Dumeril and Bibron, was described by them as diacranterian. Thus the question arises as to whether the genus Lielaphis, instituted by Giinther,* should not more rightly be considered the correct appellation. But in the earlier of the two articles quoted Giinther refers to the teeth as "subequal, in small number." The later description of Lielaphis modestus indicates the variation in size of maxillary teeth which is characteristic of our specimens, and which is appropriated and figured for the genus Stego- notus by Boulenger. As a normally syncranterian dentition may very readily appear to be diacranterian, some considerable latitude must be allowed on Dumeril and Bibron 's description. Thus it seems correct to the writer to substantiate Boulenger 's query and definitely place Macleay 's species as Stegonotus plumheus. A few other remarks may be made on our specimens. Only the fourth and fifth labials enter the eye, and the angle of the third fails to reach so far. The number of ventral scales varies from 210 to 218, and the subcaudals, which are in pairs, from 78 to 85, though one, which is obviously damaged, has but 61. In colouration and otherwise in lepidosis, our specimens agree with Macleay 's description. STEGONOTUS MODESTUS, echleg. In the Queensland Museum there is a specimen, bearing this name, received from Torres Strait. The dentition and colouration are apparently * P.Z.S., 1863., p 59. & 1877. p. 129. 42 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. characteristic, but the body scales are arranged in 15 instead of 17 series. In other respects the lepidosis is as described, PSEUDECHIS WILESMITHII, De Vis.* Amended description and note on affinity with P. scutellatus, Peters. — The tj^pe specimen named as above is one of the longest Australian venomous snakes yet received by the Queensland Museum. Its length (body removed from skin) is no less than 2,215 mm., of which the tail is 340 mm. Owing to extraction of the venom glands, the head is in a somewhat damaged condition. The rostral was originally described as being one-fourth longer than broad, whereas the breadth is slightly in excess of the length. On one side only are there two prreoculars, and there are but six upper labials. On the left side the lower anterior temporal is wedged in between the fifth and sixth labials forming the seventh shield noted by De Vis. The lower angle of this shield fails to reach the gape on the right-hand side. There are three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields. The diameter of the eye slightly exceeds the distance from the mouth, but owing to the state of the head the proportion cannot be obtained with accuracy. With these necessary emendations, the specimen demonstrates so close an alliance with P. scutellatus, Peters, that the writer- doubts the wisdom of separating them. It may be noted, however, that the frontal is slightly wider than either of the supraoculars, and is but one and a-half times as long as broad. On each side the posterior nasal is separated from the praeocular by a space of 2 mm. In a specimen of P. scutellatus, received from Mr. W. H. Edwards, Colosseum, North Coast line, Queensland, the frontal is also slightly wider than either of the supraoculars, but its length is almost twice the breadth. In colouration both examples are brown, one being darker than the other. The lighter colour on the snout and sides of the head is noticeable in each, * De Vis, Annais Queensland Museum, No, 10, 1911, p. 25. Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1867, p. 710, Boulenger, B,M.C. gnakes, iii, 1896, p: 331. HEBPETOLOGICAL NOTES.— LONGMAN. 43 Part II.— ETHOLOGICAL. By H. a. Longman. Although the scientific worker is hopelessly handicapped by the vividly imaginative journalist when snake stories are told, yet occasionally there are noticed incidents startling enough in their way. During the cooler months a 3^oung and lithe Diemenia psanimophis, Schleg., popularly known as a whip- snake, usually retired under a piece of bark placed in its case, and it was only to bs tempted out on warm and sunny days. On one such occasion a small skink lizard was introduced, and the snake commenced a lively chase. The lizard ran under the bark and on reaching the other side scampered back over the top, closely pursued by the snake. Again the lizard entered the bark tunnel, through which the tail of the snake was rapidly disappearing, making a spurt to keep up with the main body. The snake darted for the lizard, missed it, and then seized its own retreating tail about two inches from the tip. With characteristic pertinacity it held on, and apparently the classic episode of a snake swallowing itself was to be attempted. It was not until the snake was taken out of its case and forcibly handled that it let go, there being apparently no distinction to the ophidian palate between its own flesh and that of its favourite lizard. The introduction of a Frilled Lizard, Chlamydosaurus kingii, Gray, to a vivarium containing three Green Tree Snakes, Dcndrophis punctulatus, Gray, resulted in a pretty display of reptilian characteristics. The former was previously inert and slow of movement. One of the snakes raised its head and neck in order to examine the newcomer. Then the lizard suddenly rushed across the vivarium and stood facing the snake, its frill expanded to the maximum and its mouth widely open. In its eyes was the light of battle, and its head moved slowly from side to side as if working up a violent rage. In this position it remained for over three minutes. The snake, too, did its utmost to make itself look formidable. Its scales were distended and the underlying pattern of peacock- blue was visible throughout the body. Both creatures were transformed. Two quick rushes were made by the lizard, but the marvellous agility of the snake and the old wood and debris around enabled it to escape. Not until some time after the snake had securely hidden itself did the lizard resume its usual peaceful appearance. The under colouring of peacock-blue is very noticeable in Green Tree Snakes when they take an unusually large meal. Although unaided by venom or constricting power, these snakes succeed in overcoming and eating skink lizards of a diameter exceeding themselves. Swift and agile in the chase, they are very tenacious of their prey, and when once a grip is taken it is seldom that they leave go, notwithstanding severe bites from a lizard. Should a skink be 44 MEMOIFS OF THE QUEEXSLAXD MUSEUM. seized in the middle of the body, the snake's jaws gradually work along until the head is reached. These snakes are also fond of frogs and small birds. Our specimens thrive well in captivity. Remarkable changes of colour are sometimes exhibited by the common Jew or Bearded Lizard, Amphiholurus harbatus, Gray. Specimens which are normally brownish grey and in which the characteristic colour markings are not very conspicuous are quite transfigured when angry. The whole of the head and gular tissues capable of distension (the "bearded" portion) become quite black. This chameleon-like change extends even to the ends of the prickles. With the yellow mouth wide agape and the surrounding black, the little reptile looks quite dangerous as it faces its supposed foes. "When the excitement has subsided it regains its ordinary colouring in a short time, and the black com- plexion of anger is a thing of the past. Older specimens, especially males, are permanently darker, and the series of five or six pairs of lighter spots on each side of the vertebral line are by no means so noticeable as in the young. In captivity the Bearded and Frilled Lizards feed freely on grass- Jioppers, beetles, cockroaches, and similar insects. Moths and butterflies are also taken, and a big spider is not always disdained. A glass jar containing cockroaches was often placed inside the case, and the lizards tried to bite through the glass, and seemed never to learn the lesson of its transparent impregnability. In their native element these lizards must destroy large quantities of grasshoppers and other pests, and it is unfortunate that so few farmers are aware of this. At present they are considered fair prey for the dogs or are ruthlessly killed with a stick. The Frilled Lizard is a bizarre and harmless animal possessing several unique characteristics which have been described at great length, and it is now by no means common. Efforts are being made to encourage its protection in Southern Queensland. The Australian Black Snake, Pseudeckis porphyriacus, Shaw, must be included with those venomous reptiles which enjoy an occasional cannibalistic meal. In order to provide temporary accommodation, a large specimen of Dicmenia psammophis, Schleg., was placed in a small vivarium with a Black Snake nearly twice as large. For two days the two lived amicably together, but on the following day the Diemenia disappeared into the interior of its comrade. R. L. Ditmars. who has placed on record many valuable observations on the feeding habits of snakes, states that members of the Australian genera Pseudechis, Diemenia, and Brachyaspis prefer small mammals and birds to other food, adding: "None could be coaxed to take batrachians. which appeared HEBPETOLOGICAL NOTES.— LONGMAN. 45' quite foreign to their diet."* So far as the common Black Snake is concerned, our experience is at variance with Ditmars' notes, for this species prefers frogs to any other food. In captivity it feeds regularly on the commoner species of batrachians, and these constitute the food which is most abundant in the swampy localities where this snake is generally found. Possibly Australian snakes have a prejudice against American frogs. The writer has some doubt as to the truth of the popular notion that a. snake is easily killed. When a reptile succeeds in crawling away after having received a smart blow on the back, the would-be slayer almost invariably assumes that it has ''crawled away to die." But in many cases, unless wounded in the cardiac region, it is more likely that it recovers. Several remarkable instances have come to our personal knowledge in which snakes have subsequently recovered although they had received so severe a blow that the posterior half of the body seemed limp and lifeless. In one case a Carpet Snake, Python variegatus, Gray, was encountered at night in a fowlhouse after it had devoured a small fowl. It was stunned by a hard blow; its ventral surface was cut open and the fowl extracted, and the snake was then left for dead. Next morning it was not to be seen, and three days later it was found, still alive, under a heap of wood a hundred yards awaj^, and was finally despatched. Those who have had occasion to obtain specimens of the larger venomous snakes in Australia (particularly Pseudechis porpliyriacus) will readily realise that country residents prefer to kill a snake "two or three times over," and thus preclude all possibility of a resurrection. Among our own experiences the case of a small Diemenia psammophis may be given as an instance of tenacity. "When placing this specimen over six months ago in a small vivarium, it sprung upwards before the lid could be properly closed, with the result that the cover fell on its back about one-third from the head. For some weeks after this the whole of its body posterior to the injured part was incapable of motion. During two periods of ecdysis the snake Avas unable to free itself behind this part, and the epidermis had to be removed by the writer. The disruption of the vertebrge was so- marked as to be conspicuous on the dorsal surface. Notwithstanding this, the- snake gradually recovered the use of its posterior part. It is now lively and healthy, and will often tak« three or four small lizards in succession and eat them with surprising speed. * Zoologica, New York Zool. Foe, vol. i, No. 2, p. 226. 46 MEMOIFS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. A RE-EXAMINATION OF MACLEAY'S NEW GUINEA AND QUEENSLAND FROG TYPES. By Dene B. Fry, Australian Museum, Sydney. The present short paper is primarily the result of an inquiry from the Queensland ]\Iuseum as to the frog described by Macleay as HylopJiorbus rufescens. It deals briefly with the status of the five frogs taken by the " Chevert " expedition in 1875, four of which were collected in British New Guinea and one at Cape York. These were characterised and named by Sir William Macleay in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales for the year 1878. So short and inadequate were his descriptions that, in the absence of any subse- quent examination of the types, the true systematic position of his species has been up till the present one of surmise. They have thus remained a stumbling- block to systematists, and, as a direct result, have either dropped out of recent literature or remain shrouded with doubt, to be referred to only in footnotes and appendices. One of Macleay 's species, Tlylarana nchulosa, was recognised by Dr. Boulenger as a synonym of Eana papua, Lesson. Another, constituting a new genus and species, namely, Ranaster convexiiisculus, was placed doubtfully in the family Pelo])atidai, where it has remained, its true position never having even l)een suggested. The other three — a new genus and species, Hyloplwrhus rvfcscens, and two new tree-frogs, Litoria guttata and L. dorsalis — are not mentioned in recent literature on Papuan Batrachia. Two of these species are synonymous with previously described forms, and two antedate more recently characterised frogs, while L. dorsalis is unidentifiable. Briefly, this may be stated as follows : — Ranaster convexiuscvlus, Macleay, antedates Phancrotis novcc-guineco, van Karapen. Ilylophorhus rufescens, Macleay, antedates Mantophryne lateralis, Boulenger. Hylarana nehulosa, Macleay, is synonymous with Rana papua, Lesson. Litoria guttata, Macleay, is synonymous with Hyla infrafrenata, Giinther. Litoria dorsalis, Macleay, is obviously not a Litoria, but cannot be identified as the type is lost. Nothing would be gained by figuring the more or less dilapidated type specimens, for those which will stand as valid species have since been well figured MACLEAT'S NEW GUINEA AND QUEENSLAND FBOG TYPES.— EST. 47 under later names. The same may be said of a detailed redeseription of the types which, as tbey have deteriorated considerably, might easily be misleading. The main points of accord then, and especially any in which there occurs a divergence from their well-described synonyms, have alone been mentioned. The five species are dealt with separately as below. 1. RANASTER CONVEXIUSCULUS, Macleay. Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ii., 1878, p. 135. Type locality: Katow, British New Guinea. Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Batr., 1882, p. 444. van Kampen, Nova Guinea, ix., 1909, p. 36, pi. ii., fig. 4 (Phanerotis novce-guineoe). Type locality : Merauke, Dutch New Guinea. The type specimen of this frog is in very fair condition, and shows that the species is identical with Dr. P. N. van Kampen 's later described species, Phanerotis novcc-guinecc. ]\Iacleay placed his genus in the family Discoglossidfe as defined by Dr. Giinther.* This has probably been the real cause to which the obscurity of the frog's identity is due, for all authors have followed him. In reducing the many families of Batrachia Salientia admitted in the first edition of the British i\Iuscum Catalogue, Boulenger transferred a section of Dr. Giin- ther 's family Discoglossidai to the Pelobatidte, and with it went, not without doubt, Eanaster convexiusculus. In the absence of any further material of which the identity was recognised, subsequent authors have concurred with him, and Ranaster has come to be regarded as rightly belonging to that family. In describing Phanerotis novcc-guinecr, however, van Kampen records it as the first Cystignathid frog from New Guinea. Dr. Boulenger founded the genus Phanerotis t for an undoubted Cystignathid frog from New South Wales, but considerable doubt exists as to whether P. novcc-guinece is really congeneric. Ho\^ever, this hardly affects the present question, for although Dr. van Kampen does not describe the sternal apparatus and sacral vertebra of his species, he has presumably examined the internal characters in coming to his conclusion as to its family relationships, and, as it is identical with Macleay 's species, we must apparently accept Ranaster convexiusculus as a member- of the family Cystig- nathidfe. I cannot dissect Macleay 's type, but from an examination of the externals I feel convinced that this course will ultimately prove correct. It seems best to regard the few external differences which occur between P. fletcheri and P. novce-guinece as of generic value. These are the ranoid habit and the distinct tympanum of the former. If we do not accept this separation we must admit a remarkable instance of discontinuous distribution, or con- vergence. The almost total absence of Cystignathidte in New Guinea is a matter of surprise, for we must account for their presence in Australia as we do the Hylidfe, which fainily has freely entered Papuasia and found it favourable to * Giinther, Cat. Batr. Brit. Mus., 1858, 1st ed., p. 34. t Boulenger, Proc. Limi. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), v., 1891, p. 593. 48 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. specialisation, but I think it is a sicrnificant tliinfj; that some of the Papuan frogs now regarded as belonging to the family Pelobatidff differ from some Cystigna- thids in characters which are a matter of " degree" only. Thus Lechriodiis melanopyga, Doria,* can hardly be distinguished from Phanerotis fletcheri on externals alone, a fact which also serves to show how slender and unstable is lh'3 boundary between the Australian members of the family Cystignathidge with slightly dilated sacral vertel^ne, and some of the Pelobatidae in which they are a little more so. The type of Ranastcr convexiusculus agrees almost exactly with Dr. van Karapen's splendid description and figure of P. nova-giiinece. It differs only in the distribution of the warts on the back, which are not so well developed and confined more to the sides. Dr. van Kampen makes no mention of the large, rather spaced maxillary teeth, which certainly obtrude themselves upon one's notice. The vomerine teeth are exactly as they are figured by Dr. van Kampen but differ from the condition found in P. fletcheri, in which they are weaker and do not extend out beyond the level of the choana?. Macleay describes the tongue as "largely notched behind," but I find it to be quite small as stated by van Kampen. The same may be said of Macleay 's "rather large" choante, Avhich en the contrary are rather small and almost exactly as figured by the Dutch author. The fingers and toes of the type specimen are considerably^ shrunken, which would account for Macleay 's misleading statement that they are webbed. The colour marking of the type agrees in detail with Dr. van Kampen 's illustration. 2. HYLOPHORBUS RUFESCENS, Macleay. Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ii., 1878, p. 136. Type locality : Katow, British New Guinea. Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xix., 1897, p. 12, pi. ii., fig. 3 {Mantophyrne lateralis). Typ locality : Mount Victoria, British New Guinea. Mehely, Temaesz. Fiizetek., xxiv., ISOl, p. 220, pi. iv. and pi. v., and pi. x., fig. 4 (ilf. lateralis, Blngr). The type specimen of this frog is in poor condition. The extremities have contracted considerably and the colour is quite bleached. Nevertheless it is sufficiently perfect to identify it with Mantophryne lateralis, Boulenger. It agrees in every detail except that the form is slightly more slender, while the two warts on the chin of Boulenger 's specimen are not discernible. The lower jaw of the type has been crudely broken, showing the two dermal oesophageal ridges quite distinctly. The tympanum is now perfectly distinct. The charac- teristic tongue is exactly as described by Boulenger. The very fine, almost invisible vertebral fold is also present in Macleay 's specimen. The colour is now quite bleached, but Macleay 's original description agrees in all essentials with Boulenger 's fine figure. Therefore, Mantophryne lateralis, Boulenger, becomes replaced by the earlier name Hylophorhus rufescens, Macleay. Manto- * Doria, Ann. Mus. Civ. Geneva, vi., 1874, p. 355, pi. xii., fig. K. MACLEAY'S NEW GUINEA AND QUEENSLAND FHOG TYPES.— FEY. 49 phryne microtis, Werner,* and M. neuhaiissi, Vogt,t must also change their generic denomination accordingly, unless these species really belong to the genus Gnathophryne, ]Mehely,t founded on M. rohusta, Boulenger.§ 3. HYLARANA NEBULOSA, Macleay. Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soe. N. S. Wales, ii., 1878, p. 137. Type locality: Cape York, North Australia. Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Brit. Mus., 1882, 2nd ed., p. 64 (= Rana papua. Less.). The identity of this form did not escape the acumen of Dr. Boulenger, who recognised it as synonymous with Rana papua, Lesson. Nothing remains to be said about it, as the type is in bad condition and is obviously the young of that species. 4. LITORIA GUTTATA, Macleay. Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ii., 1878, p. 137. Type locality : Katow, British New Guinea. Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Brit. Mus., 1882, 2nd ed., p. 337 (footnote). The type specimen of this frog is in a bad state, and is obviously very young. It differs from the young of Hyla infrafrenata, Giinther {H. doUcJiopsis aud) only in the back being faintly granulated, recalling the condition of H. gracilenia, Ptrs. From the latter, however, it is separated by the condition of the webbing of the fingers, which does not extend to the discs on the second and fourth. There are about a dozen small round white spots on the back like those which spasmodically occur in H. cccrulea and H. infrafrenata. I have no doubt that Macleay 's specimen is simply an extremely young example of the latter species. 5. LITORIA DORSALIS, Macleay. Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ii., 1878, p. 138. Type locality: Katow, British New Guinea. Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Brit. Mus., 1882, 2nd ed., p. 337 (footnote). The type of this species is apparently not extant. With the Acting Curator's kind permission I was allowed to personally search the Macleay Museum, in which are contained the majority of Macleay 's type specimens, but was unable to locate it. Macleay 's description is unintelligible. From the fact that the toes are webbed only at the base it is obviously not a Hyla. The "mouth opening beneath" and the presence of discs to the fingers suggest that it belongs to some * Werner, Zool. anz., xxiv., 1901, p. 102. t Vogt, Sitz. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1911, p. 425. X Mehely, Tenuesz. Fiizetek., xxiv., 1901, p. 225. § Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1898, p. 480, pi. xxxviii., fig. 4. 50 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. disked Engystonicitid genus, while the latter character, coupled with a basal web to the toes, points to Cornufcr affinities. I can find no description which could reasonablj- be said to tally with Maeleay's generalised characters. Taking these facts into account, the most satisfactory procedure will be to totally ignore the name Litoria dorsalis, Macleay, and to exclude it from future literature. To Mr. John Shewan, Acting Curator of the IMacleay i\Iuseum, I nuist •express my deepest thanks for the many courtesies shown me on my not infrequent visits to the collections under his charge. THE SCALES OF SOME QUEENSLAND FLSHES.—COCEEEELL. 51 THE SCALES OF SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES. By T. D. a. Cockerell, University of Colorado. I AM greatly indebted to Dr. R. Hamlyn-Harris for a very interesting series of scales of the fishes of Queensland. They not only belong to species, the scales of which have not been studied according to the methods of modern lepidology, but they are of interest as enabling us to see whether the fishes of the Southern Hemisphere differ markedly in scale characters from their allies in the North. OSTEOGLOSSID.E. Scleropages leichardti Giinther. The large scales are reticulated and have beaded eirculi, in the typical Osteoglossid manner. The structure of the scale is quite the same in 8. leicJiardti from Queensland, S. formosus from Borneo, and OsicoglGssum hicirrosum from Brazil, notwithstanding the wide geographical separation of these fishes. {See also Science, May 26, 1911, p. 831.) HEMIRHAMPHIDJi]. The scales in this family are much broader than long; nucleus central or nearly; apical margin simple; basal margin frequently lobulate; apical field covered with very fine and dense transverse eirculi ; basal half of scale with much more widely spaced eirculi, which bend upwards laterally, and meet the eirculi of the series above the nucleus, forming angles (often very acute angles) with them. Two or three basal radii are nearly always developed. The Queensland species may be separated thus : — Scales (which have a transverse diameter of 12 mm. or over) with very prominent basal lobes . . . . . . Hemirhamphus far Forskal. Scales without such basal lobes .. .. .. •• 1- 1. Scales with the eirculi of the upper and lower halves regularly meeting at sides, forming acute angles . . Hemirhamphus quoyi Guv. & Val. Scales with the eirculi of the upper and lower halves not regularlj' meeting, usually separated at sides by a space free from eirculi . . . . . . . • • . Hemirhamphus regularis Giinther. One of the H. quoyi scales, apparently from the lateral line, has a large obtuse apical lobe. The species are not separated by very marked characters, and probably intermediate scales will be found. Indeed, the constancy of the type is shown by the fact that HyporhampJius unifasciatus, from Woods Hole, ]\rass. 52 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. (U.S. Bureau of Fisheries), and Balboa, Panama Canal Zone (Meek and Hilde- brand, U.S.N.M.), has scales which differ very little from those of Hemiramphui qitoyi, though occasionally nearly as well lobed basally as H. far. Young scales otil. unifasciatus (and doubtless also of the species of Hemirliamphus) show the apical area without circuli, and the dense transverse circuli begin to form close to the line where the lower ones end. It remains to be noted that, in addition to the features described, there is a minute sculpture which seems to be due to the cracking of the surface of the scale. In //. unifasciatus it takes the form of series of very fine lines which are usually more or less curved, and form semispiral systems which often cross, giving rise to a minute reticulation. In Hemirhamplius quoyi these lines are less frequent, and cross the fine circuli at right angles. In H. regularis there is produced a fine irregular reticulation between the circuli. In H. far there is often a much coarser and extremely irregular reticulation extending across the middlf of the scale. Cypsilurus scales (six species examined) are of the same general type as those of the Hemirhamphidce, but less extreme, with the circuli usually vertical at the sides, and those of the upper and lower halves of the scale not widely different. ATHERINID^. Scales of Atherina are longer than broad, with very prominent laterobasal angles and more or less straight sides. The apical margin is thin and without teeth; the basal margin is more or less prominently lobulate. There are no basal radii, but ray-like grooves or channels often extend upwards, gradually fading, from between the basal lobules. The basal half of the scale has fine transverse circuli, much as in Hemirhamphidfe, but the apical half is wholly without circuli, thus recalling the young of Hyporhamphus unifasciatus. There are very fine irregular lines due to cracking, as in the Hemirhamphidse. I have not seen enough material to be sure of the specific characters of the Queensland species, but they are apparently separable thus : — Scales comparatively large, much broader than long, with about three very abrupt and prominent lobes close together at the middle of the straight basal side . . . . . . . . . . . . Atherina pinguis Lacep. Scales smaller, not so broad, not trilobed in naiddle of base . . . . 1. 1. Median basal lobe very prominent .. .. .. .. .. Atherina lacunosaFoTster. Median basal lobe low and broad, not prominent . . . . . . Atherina honorice Ogilby. Atherina stipes Miiller and Troschel, from Toro Point, Panama Canal Zone (Meek and Hildebrand, U.S.N.M.), has entirely the same generic characters in the scale. It is practically as in A. pinguis, the base trilobed, varying to two or one lobed. Occasional scales of both species are more or less clearly multi- lobed ; this is especially to be noted in A. pinguis. One scale of A. honoricr shows THE SCALES OF SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.— COCKEEELL. 53 a strongly lobulate or scalloped apical margin, which is a regular character of Kirtlandia laciniaia and Chirostoma crystallinum. Atherina scales differ from those of the other Atherinidae studied — namely, Athcrinops, Kirtlandia, Chirostoma, and Menidia — in the absence of circuli in the apical field, and of basal radii. MUGILID^. Scales of Afugil are semicircular, or rather represent somewhat more than a half-circle, with a straight or nearly straight base. The genus Liza, which I had not before seen, differs at once by the quadrate scales, with straight sides, although the apical margin is rounded as in Mugil. The Liza scales before me are light green, perhaps owing to some peculiar condition of preservation. Comparing the scales of Mugil georgii Ogilby, from Queensland, with tlios^^ of the American M. curema C. & V., I find some marked differences, as follows :■ — Ctenoid area largely developed, interrupting the circuli apicad of the nucleus ; basal radii close together, subparallel or converging toward the marg'n . . . . M. curema* Ctenoid area prorly developed, at least in some scales, so that many circvdi may cross the apical field; basal radii (seven or fewer) diverg'ng from the nuclear region, arranged in a fan -like manner .. .. .. .. .. .. M. georgii. The matter of the ctenoid area is not to be taken very seriously, as M. georgii scales differ greatlj^ ; but the difference in the radii appears to be important, and indicates that M. georgii has the more primitive type of scale. Mugil trichodon Pcey, from Honduras (C. H. Townsend, U.S.N.M.), has scales very like those of M. curema, but with distinct laterobasal angles (these are obtusely rounded in curema) and the basal radii (except the middle ones) more sjtreading, but very irregular and unlike those of M. georgii. The latero- (iasal angles of M. georgii are as in M. trichodon. The M. trichodon scales differ from both the others in having a straight median groove running from base to apex, though not entering the broad papery apical margin, which is in a sense distinct from the scale proper. Tlie Liza scales are large, with extremely fine circuli, and radiating basal radii (5 or 6) like those of M. georgii. In the apical field the circuli are broken up into very fine irregular tubercles; in L. splendens de Yis (at least in the two scales before me) there is no ctenoid area at all; but in L. ivaigiensis Quoy and Gaimard the tubercles are seen to directly pass into dentiform ctenoid structures close to the margin, the teeth so formed being triangular, wdth a strong median ridge representing the original tubercle. In L. splendens there is a thin papery apical fringe, as in Mugil, but it is crcnate-margined, and divided by radial lines, which slightly enter the 54 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. substance of the scales. In both species there may be a rather irregular trans- verse radial line, crossing the middle of the scales but not reaching the extreme sides. In both, the laterobasal angles are practically right angles. The dimensions are — L. splendens, length 13, breadth IIY2 mm. ; L. waigiensis, length 11, breadth 10 mm. HOLOCENTRID^. Holocentrus angustifrons Ogilby, from Queensland, has scales about 5I/2 mm. long and 8 broad, the apical margin with strong straight teeth; the sides sloping to the very broad base, the laterobasal angles therefore extremely prominent; the straight base with about four lobules, the ends of longitudinal ribs, near the middle. Circuli very fine, failing apically; region below the nucleus more or less pustulose. Except that the laterobasal corners project more, these scales agree with those of H. diadenia Lacep., from Hawaii. The scales of the species of Holocentrus are on the whole very uniform. PEMPHERID^. Pempheris multiradiatus Klunzinger. Scales of three sorts; it is noted on the label, ''breast scales ctenoid." Scales broader than long, with a diameter of 3 to 4 mm. Normal cycloid scales broadly rounded apically, with a nearly central nucleus from which proceed, in a radiating manner, about five very distinct basal radii; basal margin deeply scalloped; laterobasal angles obtuse; basal half of scale wath fine circuli, but these are absent from the apical field, which exhibits only growth lines. Lateral line scales are broader, and are without the basal radii and basal scallops; the basal margin is convex in the middle and concave sublaterally. The lateral line canal has a very broad bilobed appendage. The ctenoid breast scales are very different from the others, quadrate, with straight sides, but broader than long, the apical margin with numerous strong straight teeth. The basal radii and scallops are as in the first type of scale described. There is no ctenoid patch; the marginal teeth are exactly like those of Holocentrus. I have scales of Pempheris ( ? otaitensis) from the Red Sea, which resemble the normal cycloid type described above, but are considerably broader^ with the circuli continuous across the apical field. Neopempheris ramsayi Macleay. Scales apparently all ctenoid, with a very well developed ctenoid patch. Scales about 3 mm. diameter, somewhat broader than long, subquadrate, nucleus a little above the middle; four or five very strong basal radii or folds, and basal margin very strongly scalloped; circuli very fine; ctenoid structure consisting of rows of elongate teeth. The apical teeth are much as in Mullus, but their bases are broadened, and the whole ctenoid area is confused, not beautifully distinct in all its details as in Mullidae. THE SCALES OF SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.— COCEEBELL 55 There is nothing in the scales of Pempheridee to suggest assoeation with the genus Beryx. Pempheris, however, strongly suggests Holocentrus. Pempheris is so different from Neo pempheris as to suggest two distinct subfamilies, PenipherinaB for the first and Neopempherinje for the second. Bathyclupea is separated by Jordan as a family Bathyclupeidae. CHEILODACTYLID^. Cheilodactylus nigricans Richardson. Scales subquadrate, broader than long, about 5 mm. long and 51/4 broad; basal radii numerous (about 16) ; latero- basal corners very obtuse ; nucleus a little above middle ; circuli very fine and dense; a few circuli crossing above the nucleus, but most of the lateral circuli come to an end above, first curving slightly outivards. The scales are not at all ctenoid, and the apical field (covered with dark skin) has a pustular or perforate structure, somewhat suggestive of Beryx. C. variegatus, from Peru (P. 0. Simons, U.S.N.M.), has similar scales, but larger, with the pustules larger in proportion, and not circular. It is clearly seen, in this species, that they represent broken-up apical circuli. SERRANID^. Epinephelus estuarius Macleay, or E. megachir Rich, (the first name is on the list sent, but the second on the label of the specimens) has greatly elon- gated, parallel-sided scales, about 8 mm. long and 4 broad, with only a small apical portion covered by the black skin. The nuclear area is greatly elongated, extending down the middle of the scale, and consequently the strong basal radii, arranged fanwise, 8 or 9 in number, begin below the middle of the scale, often far below. The basal margin is crenate. The ctenoid patch is very well developed, and the marginal teeth are broadened at the end, and truncate. These scales differ from those of E. niveatus (Cuv. & Val.) by the proportionately smaller and truncate teeth, and especially by the elongated nuclear area; but my examples of E. niveatus are probably young. The scales of Epinephelus closely resemble those of Paraldbrax, but those of the latter are less elongated. The scales of Centropristes, Morons, Boccus, Percichthys, and Plesiops are not elongated. LUTIANID^. Lutianus sebae Bloch. Scales subquadrate, about 12 mm. long and broad; laterobasal corners rounded; about 20 strong basal radii; ctenoid patch very distinct, apical teeth pointed, sometimes slightly bifid at end; submarginal elements like short phalanges. Lutianus johnii Bloch. Scales about 5i^ mm. long and broad; basal radii 9 or less; ctenoid structures as in L. sehcu. These scales are perhaps immature. In general, the two species agree very closely in their scales, and also agree nearly with Neomcenis griseus (L.) from Tampa, Florida. The Neomcenis, 56 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. however, has iiioi-e than twice as many basal radii as L. johnii, in scales of about the same size. Tlie Ncomo'nis has minutely beaded basal circuli, and both the species of Lutianus show exactly the same feature. The scale of Kulilia rupestris C. & V. (Kuhliida'), from Mauritius, is extremely like that of Lutianus, except that it has more prominent laterobasa] angles, and the submarginal elements of the ctenoid patch are somewhat longer. They are distinguishable, but from the scales alone I should have supposed them to be closely allied members of one family. SPARID^. Pagrosomus auratus Forster. Scales about 19 mm. long and 21 broad ; subquadrate, wdth convex (bulging) sides, and crenate lower margin; nucleus above the middle ; about 9 distinct basal radii, arranged fan wise ; basal circuli minutely beaded ; ctenoid patch large, but the elements mostly ill-defined, those near the margin distinct, and very short, some broader than long; marginal teeth sharply pointed. Sparsely scattered over the ctenoid patch are black dots or minute streaks, w^hich appear under the compound microscope to be little canals with round openings. This last feature strongly suggests the perforations of the same region in Beryx. Sparus sarba Forskal. Scales reddish, very broad, about 71/2 mm. long and IOI/2 broad ; ]»asal radii about 14, widely spreading. Structure as in Pagro- somus, but shape different. Lethrinus harak Forskal. Scales about 6% mm. long and broad, thus differing from Pagrosomus in the opposite direction from Sparus. Basal radii abouT, 15. Structure as in the other genera, with the same scattered perforations in the ctenoid area ; but the subapical ctenoid elements are quite different, being elongated, consisting of a stick-like central rib, with a margin of nearly equal width on each side of it. I fmd that the scales of Dentcx vulgaris, from England, show scattered perforations in the ctenoid area, just as in the Australian Sparidce. The ctenoid .patch of Dentex lias a honeycomb-like pattern. THERAPONIDiE. Therapon jarbua Forskal. Boulenger lists Therapon as a genus of Lutianina;. The scales are subquadrate, longer than broad; length about 2^/2 mm., breadth about 2; sides parallel; laterobasal corners rectangular; nucleus above middle; about 9 strong basal radii; lower margin scalloped; basal circuli minutely beaded; lateral circuli rather coarse; ctenoid patch well developed ; apical teeth sharp ; subapical elements of ctenoid patch short ; the ridge or keel running down the teeth is continued on to the elements below, so that the ctenoid area presents a series of radiating ridges. THE SCALES OF SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.— COCKEBELL. 57 These scales do not closely resemble those of Lutianus. They are also uiilike the scales of the Sparids. They do, however, quite closely resemble tlie scales of Paralahrax. KYPHOSID^. Kyphosus cinerascens Forskal. Scales subquadrate, broader than long, a largo one about S^/o mm. long and a little over 10 broad; 7 to 9 strong basal radii; basal margin scalloped; basal circuli finely beaded; ctenoid patch well developed ; marginal teeth sharp ; submarginal elements of ctenoid patch longer than broad, broadened at base. The lowermost part of the skin-covered area shows coarse irregular dendritic markings, consisting of ridges which are directly connected with those of the ctenoid patch, leading to the marginal teeth. The scales of Kyphosus sectatrix (L.), from Massachusetts (Menemsha Bight), are somewhat modified from this type, but the essential generic characters are quite the same. The thickened perforated band which crosses the middle of the scale of K. sectatrix is rather indistinctly indicated in K. cinerascens, representing in fact the denser basal part of the dendritic area. SILLAGINID^. Sillago maculata Quoy and Gaimard. Scales subquadrate, broader than long, about 3 mm. long and Sy^ broad ; nucleus subapical ; seven or eight very distinct basal radii, spreading fauAvise; basal margin scarcely at all scalloped; laterobasal corners rectangular; only about every third of the basal circuli continued to the sides, the lateral circuli consequently widely spaced; marginal teeth very sharp ; ctenoid patch a mere narrow band, with only about two distinct elements below the teeth (at the sides one or none), these very short and broad. These scales suggest those of the Gobiida?, which are, however, of a more extreme type. In Ctenogohius virgatulus (Jordan & Snyder), from Japan, I find the basal circuli, many of them, stopping short at the beginning of the lateral field. There is a close resemblance between the scales of Sillago and those of some Scia^nidge, in which the nucleus is far toward the apex. A very good example is found in MenticirrJius saxatilis Bl. & Schn., from Woods Hole, Ma^'sachusetts. Boulenger remarks that the Sillaginida3 connect the Serranidse with the Scitenidiie. The scales suggest that the affinity is closest with the Sciffinid.i). POMACENTRID.^. Glyphisodon palmeri Ogilby. Scales subquadrate, broader than long, a large one about 8 mm. long and 8i/o broad; about 8 or 9 strong basal radii; basal margin scalloped; circuli extremely fine; ctenoid area well developed; 58 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. marginal teeth sharp; below the ctenoid area is a broad region covered with reticulations and dendriform markings, obviously consisting of modified eireuli, and connecting at sides with the lateral circuli. The canal of the lateral line scales has some irregular branches at its apical end. The submarginal elements of the ctenoid patch are much longer than broad. This scale is in all respects very similar to that of Ahudefduf saxatilis CL.), from Sorocco Island, but the Glyphisodon scales can be distinguished by the conspicuously developed reticulated or dendriform area, the marking of this region in the Abudefduf being minute and labyrinthiform. Ahudefduf has also broader scales than Glyphisodon, while those of Eupomacentrus leucostictus (Miill. & Trosch.) are much broader than those of Ahudefduf. LABRID^. Choerodon venustus de Vis. Scales subquadrate, about 17 mm. long and 15 broad; basal radii very numerous, about 36, many ending on the lateral m.argins; basal margin hardly at all scalloped; circuli (lateral and basal) extremely fine ; apical margin thin, not ctenoid, with numerous fine longitudinal radii . Pseudolabrus gymnogenis Giinther. Scales similar in form to those of the last, about 16 mm. long and 14 broad ; structure also as in the Choerodon, except that the broad nuclear region is covered with irregular reticulations, which are only weakly developed in the Chcerodon. In Choorodon, the very numerous apical radii have the appearance of ■\videly spaced circuli, and wath a lens appear to be actually continuous at the sides with the lateral circuli. The compound microscope shows that this is not really the case ; and in Pseudolahrus the apical lines are directly continuous into the reticulated patch, which on the other side is continuous with the basal radii. The whole, therefore, belongs to the radial system. Eupetrichthys angustipes Ogilby. Scales parallel-sided, longer than broad, Ijut not greatly so; length about 6 mm.; basal margin convex, not scd Hoped; basal radii about 25, of which about four on each side end on the lateral margin; apical radii well developed, no closer than the basal, and hence very different from those of the other two genera described above. No reticulated discal area. Lateral line canal with numerous stout branches at the apical end, each ending in a perforation of the minutely spotted skin, and having one or more smaller round perforations in its course. (Compare Giinther 's figure of the scale of Lahrichthys.) All these scales have the form and structure characteristic of the Labridfe. Those of Chrrrodon and Pseudolahrus are in general much like those of Iridio hivitfaius Bloch, from Key West, Florida, and Tautogolahrus adspersus (Walb.) ;. TEE SCALES OF SOME QUEENSLAND FISHES.— COCKEBELL. 59 but Iridio has the apical radii more widely spaced, while Tautogolahrus has them almost entirely obsolete. The scales of EupetricJitliys are very like those of Emmeekia venusta (Jenkins & Evermann), from the Gulf of California. GOBIID^. Hypseleotris compressus Krefft. Scales about 2^ mm. long and 3^ broad, of perfectly typical Gobiid type, with the nucleus subapical, the apical margin (except in latinueleate scales) raised and roof -like in outline, &c. The structure is as in the Japanese Ctenogobius virgatulus, but the middle of the apical margin is less elevated. Gobiid scales, wherever they come from, are very characteristic, and very much alike. NOTOTHENIID.E. Parapercis cylindrica Bloch. Boulenger places this in the Leptoscopidse ; I follow the labelling of the Queensland .Museum. Scales subquadrate, a little broadened basally ; length and breadth about 2 mm. ; nucleus not far from apex ; basal radii about ten, strong, spreading; basal margin weakly scalloped; basal circuli very dense; lateral circuli much fewer and coarser; apical teeth large and sharp ; subapical ctenoid elements well defined, broader than long, about four rows distinct. It is a singular thing, that the ctenoid features of this scale, including the submarginal elements, exactly agree with those of certain Percidse, as for example Iludropterus peltatus, from North Carolina. The whole scale is, in fact, very like that of Percid?B. On the other hand, the scales of Parapercis are not very unlike those of the Scorpasnid genus Sebastocles, from California. It will be seen from all of the above, that the scales of Southern fishes closely resemble those of their Northern relatives. On the whole, the present paper serves strongly to confirm the validity of scale characters, showing that family and generic characters hold good over the world. «0 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. EDIBLE FISHES OF QUEENSLAND. Part I.— Family PEMPHERID.^. By J. Douglas Ogilby (Ichthyologist). Les Pemphdrides Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vii, 1831, d. 296. Kurtina part., Giinther, Brit. Mu«. Catal. Fish., ii, 1860, p. 508, Kurtidae part., Giinther, Zool. Rec, vii, 1870, p. 91 (name only)* ; Day, Fish. India, pt. 2, 1876, p. 174. Pempheridoidei Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., ix, 1877, p. 5. PetnpheridcB Jordan & Evermann, Fish. North & Mid. Amer., pt. 1, 1896, p. 977. THE BULLSEYES. Body strongly compressed, covered with moderate or small scales. Lateral line extending on the caudal fin to the tips of the middle rays, the tubes simple and straight, not extending to the border of the scale. Head almost wholly scaly, with short snout and narrow preorbital, the mucous system well developed. Mouth terminal and little protractile, with wide, very obhque cleft, the premaxillaries forming the entire dentigerous border of the upper jaw ; no supramaxillary. Den- tition weak ; small teeth always present on the jaws, vomer, and palatines. Nostrils double, superolateral, contiguous, open, nearer to eye than to tip of snout. Eyes lateral. Bones of head feebly armed. Dorsal fin single, short, falciform, the spines slender and graduated, adnate to one another and to the first and longest ray ; no procumbent spine in front of the dorsal. Caudal more or less emarginate, with pointed lobes and scaly base. Anal much longer than the dorsal, the spines short, stout, and separate. Pectorals asymmetrical, inserted below the middle of the body. Ventrals thoracic, approximate, pointed, with i5 rays, inserted below the pectorals. Gill-openings wide, gill-membranes separate, free from the isthmus ; pseudo- branchiae present ; gills four, a slit behind the fourth ; gill-rakers spinulose ; pharyn- geal bones separate. Stomach csecal ; intestinal canal convoluted. Premaxillary processes short ; supraoccipital crest high and delicate ; coracoids much dilated ; scapula with a small foramen. Vertebrae 24 (10 4- 14) ; the caudal rather elongate ; ribs normal, narrow and compressed ; the anterior sessile, the last five inserted on well developed parapophyses. (7r€/A^77pts ; a small fish, now unidentifiable, quoted by Athenseus from Numenius.) * Not having access to the work in which Steindachner published his description of Para- priacanthus I am unable to say whether he was the first author to associate Kurtus and Pempheria under the family name KurtidcB, but such is possibly the case. EDIBLE FISHES OF QUEENSLAND, FAUT I.—OGILBY. 61 Distribution : — Small aberrant percomorphous fishes from the tropical and temperate zones- of the Indian, Pacific, and West Atlantic Oceans, but not so far reported from the Mediterranean or West African Seas. WTiile mostly inhabitants of the inshore waters, some species descend to a moderate depth, the greatest yet recorded being between 40 and 52 fathoms, at which depth specimens of Liopempheris multiradiata were trawled by the Endeavour off Belhnger Head, New South Wales.* This should, therefore, be taken as the limit of the ascertained bathymetrical range of the Pern- pheridce up to the present time.t The Indo -Pacific branch of the family appears to have originated in the Austro -Malayan subregion, whence it has spread northward to China, Japan, and the Caroline Islands ; westward through the seas of India to the Red Sea, the East Coast of Africa (Zanzibar), and Mauritius; eastward through the Pacific Islands (Tahiti, Kingsmill, Samoa) to the West Coast of Mexico (Acapulco) ; and southward to south-eastern, southern, and south-western Australia, Tasmania, and even New Zealand. Between this southern colony and the Moluccas there is, however, a nominal break of some 3,000 miles, including necessarily the entire coast-Hne of Queensland, from which, up to the present, no pempherin has been recorded. That this break, which is partly bridged over by the occurrence of an outlying species at Lord Howe Island, is rightly called " nominal " is certain, since two of the Moluccan species — Pempheris oualensis and P. vanicolensis — extend their range to the South Sea Islands, and are, therefore, probably found along the seaboard of intertropical AustraHa. The third Moluccan species — P. macrolepidota (Schneider) — also belongs to the tj^pical genus. But, as might be conjectured, the further we get away from the metropolis of the group, the more liable we are to find characters, inconsistent with its original purity, developing in the species. It is not, therefore, astonishing that, of the four species, which inhabit the south-eastern corner of Austraha, one only — P. compressa (Shaw) i — retains the tjrpical characters ; two others — P. multiradiata Klunzinger and P. affinis McCuUoch — have developed in themselves distinct characters, on which I propose to establish the genus Liopempheris ; the fourth — P. elongatus McCulloch — belongs to Steindachner's genus Parapriacanthus.. * In another haul the Endeavour secured specimens of the same fish on the ocean slope between Port Stephens and Newcastle at a depth of from 22 to 60 fathoms, but obviously it would be unwise to insist on the higher figure, since the inference is, that a fish, which occurs at a depth of one or two fathoms m Port Jackson, would more probably be taken near the inshore end of the drift in the same district. t In this connection it is worthy of note that the family is not mentioned in Goode & Bean's standard work " Oceanic Ichthyology," nor does it occur in the Challenger, H'rcndelle, Blake, Albatross, and Investigator Reports. It is only on coastwise trawlers, tuch as the Endeavour and Thetis, that this family appears. X Even tliis species Tnyder has a^tociated with the Japanese P. umbra in a genus Catalufa,. which, however, I am unable to recognise as distinct. 62 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. The distribution of this genus is most remarkable, as it may be said to have developed ontogenetically along the outposts of the group ; first noticed from Japanese seas in 1870, it reappeared during the following year in the Red Sea under the new generic name Pempherichthys ; next, after an interval of eighteen years, a third species was described from Lord Howe Island ; and finally, after a further interval of thirteen years, South-Eastern Australia has yielded us yet a fourth species. The Atlantic group has followed a somewhat similar but much more restricted line of development. Only three, possibly two, species are recognised, namely — P. schomburgki MiiUer & Troschel, P. mulleri Poey, and P. poeyi Bean ; all are natives of Cuba, which should, therefore, be accepted as the centre of Atlantic development, from which P. schomburgki has sent out a branch to Barbados, and P. mulleri (which is possibly inseparable from the preceding species) another as far as the Coast of Brazil. A reference to the key given below will show that the third Atlantic species, P. poeyi, is excluded from the genera therein recognised by reason of its shortened anal fin, and is apparently developing along the same line as Para- priacanthus ; unfortunately neither Bean nor Jordan & Evermann make any specific mention of the lepidosis of the anal fin, the inference being that it is scaly. If by chance Fowler's Priacanthopsis, which I have been unable to refer to, be founded on this species, I should be inclined to raise it to full generic rank. The family, as here constituted, consists of four (or five) genera and twenty - one (or twenty-two) species. Key to the Subfamilies and Genera. Pempherinje : — Lateral line tubes short and wide ; eye large, without adi- pose lid ; preorbital entire ; maxillary greatly dilated distally ; pterygoids and tong-ue smooth ; dortal premedian ; anal low, originating below or behind dorsal ; branchiostegals seven ; gill-rakers ni.misrous and long ; air-bladder large, constricted anteriorly ; pyloric cseca well developed ; vertebrae increasing in length poster.'orly. a\ Body ovate ; preopercle with one to three strong spines at the angle ; teeth in the jaws pluriserial ; anal scaly, with more than 30 s-oft rays. b^ . Body scales cycloid and caducous : dorsal rays v 10 to 13 . . 1. Liopempheris. b". Al! the scales ctenoid and persistent ; dorsal rays (v or) vi 9 or 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Pempheris. a"^. Body subovate ; preopercle entire ; teeth in the jaws uniserial ; anal naked, with less than 30 rays . . . . . . . . 3. Parapriacanthus. Leptobramin^ : — Lateral line tubes long and narrow ; eye small, with well developed adipose lid; preorbital serrulate; maxillary spatu- late, feebly dilating from the front : pterygoids and tongue toothed ; dorsal postmedian ; anal falciform, originating well in advance of the dorsal ; branchiostegals six ; glll-rakers few and short; no air-bladder nor pyloric caeca; vertebrae of similar length throughout, c^. Body elliptical ; scales small and ciliated ; loweriimb of preopercle serrulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Leptobrama.* EDIBLE FISHES OF QUEENSLAND, PABT I.—OGILBY. G3 LEPTOBRAMA Steindachner.f Leptobrama Stoindac liner, Sitz. Akad. Wien, Ixxviii, i, 1878, p. 388 {miiUeri). Neopempheris Macleay, Pros. Linn. Soc. jST. S. Wales, v, 1880, p. 517 {ramsayi = mulleri). Body elliptical. Scales small, persistent, ciliated, very finely and concentri- cally striated, with a broad roughened infraniarginal band, arranged in regular series, those of the head, nape, and breast much smaller than the body-scales. Lateral line with a distinct curve anteriorly. Head small and conical, the snout obtusely pointed, naked ; cleft of mouth curved ; maxillary slender. Jaws with several series of small refiexed cardiform teeth, which increase in size from without, the inner mandibular series largest ; a diamond -shaped patch of small sharp teeth on the head of the vomer ; palatines with a band of similar teeth ; ectopterygoids, entopterygoids, and tongue, each with a large ovate patch of still smaller villiform teeth. Eyes anterior. Lower limb of preopercle serrulate, the angle, produced in a broad membranaceous flap, but without armature ; no opercular spine. Dorsal fin with iv 16 to 18 rays, anal with iii 26 to 30 ; caudal deeply emarginate ; j)ectoral short and obtusely pointed, with 17 rays, the second simple, strongly compressed, and laterallj^ expanded : ventrals rather small. Brancliiostegals six, three on each epihyal and ceratohyal;!:; gill-rakers rather stout ; pharjTigeal bones armed with strong recurved teeth, except the outer upper pharyngeal, which is mostly naked, wliile the teeth of the middle bone are exceptionally strong. (AsTrros, slender ; Brama.) * The presence of a persistent pnetimatic duct to the air-bladder and the position of the ventral fins fully justifies the exclusion of Bathyclupea from the PempfieridcB, as insisted on by American ichthyologists. The same characters also exclude it from the Berycomorphi. With regard to the subjugular and degenerate ventrals of Bathyclupea it is worth noting that, although the anal is similarly advanced in Leptobrama, the ventrals retain their normal position below the pectorals, as well as their normal development ; this should be a strong point in favor of the separation of the two families. Since writing the above Regan (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xii, 1913, p. 117) has followed Gill (in Goode & Bean, Ocean. Ichth., 1895, p. 190) in recognizing the Bathyclupeidce as a distinct family, but dissociates them wholly from the Berycoidei, placing them among the Percoidea near Lactarhis. t It is due to the researches of Mr. McCulloch that I am privileged to record for the first tiirxQ th.e idontitj oi N eopempheris with Leptobrama. Under date lO-v-13 he writes — "Neopem- pheris ramsayi = Leptobrama mulleri Steind., who figures it beautifully in Denk. Ak. Wiss. Wien, xli, 1879, pi. iii, fig. 1. His figure rright be made from Ramsay's specimen, it agrees so well." Also — " I have a large specimen nearly 300 millim. from Fremantle." I herein, therefore, tender my thanks to Mr. McCulloch for so courteously placing before me these new facts in time for inclusion in my paper, since his own " Note on Leptobrama . . . will not be published until after your Memoirs.'" % In Pempheris coTnpre-ssa there are two on the epihyal and five on the ceratohyal. 64 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Small fishes from the seas of Australia and Southern New Guinea, occurring sporadically. Nothing is known as to the habits, breeding, food, and bathymetric distribution of this remarkable fish, which, so far as our present knowledge goes, appears to visit our shores only at long and irregular intervals. From its form, den- tition, the normal size of the eyes, etc., coupled with the fact that, though captured near the shore, none of the specimens which have fallen into expert hands exhibit any signs of breeding, one might inchne to the opinion that these fishes are pelagic, habitually inhabiting the open sea near the surface. The capture, however, by the Bevan expedition of a specimen well up the waterway of the Aird River, British New Guinea, apparently demolishes the pelagic theory, while supporting that of the surface -swimming, since the example in question jumped into the boat of its own accord. Two species have been described as belonging to the genus Leptobrama, but a more extended acquaintance with these fishes shows that the differences are either individual or sexual, probably the latter. LEPTOBRAMA MULLERI Steindachner. Leptohi-ama muUeri Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wien, Ixxviii, i, 1878, p. 388 : Coast of Queens- land — id., Denks. Akad. Wien, xli, i, 1879, pi. iii, figs. 1 to Ic — Klunzinger, Sitzb. Akad. Wien, Ixxx, i, 1879, p. 381. Neopempheris Ramsayi Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, v, 1881, p. 517, pi. xiv : Rocking- ham Bay, Q. Neopempheris pectoralis Ramsay & Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, sii, 1887, p. 563 : Aird River, B.N.G. (Plates XVIII, XIX.) Depth of body 2-85 to 3-3, length of head 4-33 to 4-5, of caudal fin 3-8 to 4-15, of pectoral 4-95 to 5-45, of ventral 8-15 to 8-6 in length of body. Length of snout 4-5 to 5-15, diameter of eye 3-7 to 4-25, width of interorbit 3-75 to 4-55, length of maxillary 1-5 to 1-7, longest dorsal ray 1-2 to 1-33, longest anal 1-25 to 1-35 in length of head. Ventral contour of bodj^ somewhat less to somewhat more arched than the dorsal, which is gently rounded or Unear and feebly accHvous between the forehead and the dorsal fin ; width of body 2-95 to 3-6 in its depth, which is greatest imme- diately in front of the anal fin and -33 to -5 more than the length of the head : caudal peduncle -3 to -45 longer than deep, its least depth 3-1 to 3-25 in the depth of the body. Width of head 1-85 to 2-05, depth of head 1-15 to 1-25 in its length. Snout with rounded profile, its length 1-1 to 1-4 in the eye-diameter, the two combined 1-15 to 1-45 in the postorbital portion of the head ; interorbital region strongly convex, its width from one tenth more to one fifth less than the eye-diameter ; adipose hd extending well on the snout and the postorbital region, but not quite reaching the QUEENSLAND FISHES. Plate XVIII. Of Face page 64. QUEENSLAND FISHES. Plate XIX. H) Face page 65. EDIBLE FISHES OF QUEENSLAND, PAST I.—OGILBY. 65 pupil before or behind ; anterior nostril ovate, posterior arcuate and much wider. Jaws equal ; maxiUary extending far beyond the eye, the width of its rounded distal extremity 7-4 to 7-75 in its length. Scales 10 to 12/75 to 77/12 or 13. Axillary scales of pectoral and ventral subequal, as long as or longer than the snout. Lateral hne varying from a rather long and shallow curve, which extends far beyond the tip of the pectoral, to a much shorter and deeper one, which just reaches that point. D. iv 16 to 18 ; A. iii 26 to 30. Origin of dorsal fin -15 to -25 nearer to the root of the caudal than to the tip of the snout ; spines rather strong and pungent, the last 1-3 to 1-4 in the first ray. Middle caudal rays 1-55 to 1-75 in the upper and shghtly longer lobe. Anal fin as high as or slightly lower than and from -5 to -66 longer than the dorsal, originating in advance of the middle of the body. Pectoral with 17 rays, as long as or longer than the Jiead without the snout, the fourth ray longest. Ventral spine long, but weak and flexible, the outer ray longest, 1-85 to 2 in the length of the head and 1-9 to 2-15 in its distance from the anal, which is 1-05 to 1-25 in that from the tip of the mandible. Gill-rakers 3 or 4 + 6 or 7, with one or two rudiments on each branch, the longest 1-9 to 2-3 in the eye-diameter and 1-33 to 1-6 in the longest fringes. Silvery, with the back steel-blue, the hne of demarcation well defined. Fins dusky, the produced portion of the dorsal lobe -uith or without a black or dark chestnut brown blotch. (Named after Baron Ferdinand von Miiller, a celebrated Austrahan botanist.) Variation : — So far as our Hmited series of specimens goes the two forms of this fish, which may be distinguished by the spotted or miiform dorsal fin, vary constantly in the foUo^ving characters, which "will, I beheve, eventually prove to be sexual. In the spotted form, which I take to be the male, the body is noticeably more slender, the pectoral shorter, the forehead wider, the lateral line longer and less arched, etc. Total length :— 300 milhm. Range : — Coasts of AustraHa and Southern New Guinea, occurring sporadically* The locahties from which specimens have been recorded are — Coast of Queensland (Steindachner) ; Rockingham Bay, Q, (Macleay) ; Moreton and Keppel Bays, Q. ; Fremantle, W.A. (McCulloch) ; and Aird River, B.N.G., 30 miles above its mouth (Ramsay and Ogilby, fide Bevan). Described from four specimens (Keppel Bay, one male, 270 milhm., presented by Mr. W. N. Jaggard, and Moreton Bay, three females, 206 to 266 milhm., of which no data are obtainable) in the collection of the Queensland Museum. I had previously examined Macleay's type, and of course that of Neopempheris pectoralis. 66 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Note. — In a letter just received by Dr. Hamlyn -Harris Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, of the University of Colorado, suggests the advisability of separating Lejjtobrama as a subfamily from the other Pempheridce. This conclusion was arrived at from an examination of the scales oiLiopempheris multiradiatus and Leptobrama miilleri. This unexpected confirmation of my previous action is highly gratifying. (See Cockerell, p 55.) LIST OF THE AUSTRALASIAN PEMPHERID^.* i. LiOPEMPHERis Ogilby, ut supra, p. 62 {multiradiata). 1. MULTIRADIATA Klunzinger, Sitz. Akad. Wien, Ixxx, i, 1879 (1880), p. 381 : King George's Sound = macrolepis Macleay 1881 = lineatus Ogilby 1886. Fig, — Waite, Thetis, pi. x. South-Eastem Austraha from Belhngen Heads, N. S. Wales, to off Kingston, S.A.f 2. AFFiNis McCulIoch, Zool. Res. Endeavour, pt. 1, 1911, p. 45, pi. vii, fig. 1 : Port Jackson to Newcastle, ii. Pempheris Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vii, 1831, p. 296 (oualensis) = Priacanthopsis Fowler, 1906 (?) = Catalufa Snyder 1911. 3. COMPRESSA Shaw, in White, Voy. N. S. Wales, 1790, p. 267, pi. — fig. Port Jackson. MetropoHtan District of New South Wales,! 4. KLUNZiNGERi McCuUoch, ibid., p. 47 : King George's Sound = miilleri Klunzinger (not Poey 1860). 5. macrolepidofa Schneider, in Bloch, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 164. (?) = mangula Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831 = moluca idd. = malabarica idd. Fig. — Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., pi. ccclxxxiii, fig. 2. Moluccas to India, China, and Japan ; Red Sea and Zanzibar.^ 6. oualensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, ibid., p. 299 : Ualan = otaitensis idd. = adusta Bleeker = mangula Giinther 1874 (not Cuvier & Valenciennes). Fig. — Bleeker, ibid., figs. 1, 4, & 5; Giinther, Godeffroy Mus., pi. hx, fig. B. Moluccas to Malaysia, Carohnes, New Guinea, and the South Sea Islands (Tahiti, Samoa, Kingsmill, etc.). 7. vanicolensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, ibid., p. 305 : Vanicolo = nesogallica idd. Fig. — Bleeker, ibid., fig. 6. Moluccas to Vanicolo, Samoa, and Mauritius. * All the species mentioned in this list are liable to occur on some part of the Australian or Tasmanian Coasts. t Both these species are included in the list of West Australian Fishes published by Mr. Malcolm Fraser in 1903, but further information is requisite before these records can bo accepted. X The species printed in italics have not as yet been recorded from Australian Seas. EDIBLE FISHES OF QUEENSLAND, PAST II.—OGILBY. 67 8. analis Waite, Trans. N. Z. Inst., xlii, 1910, p. 375: Kermadec Islands. iii. Pakapriacanthus Steindachner, Sitz. Akad. Wien, xli, 1870, p. 623 {raTirSonneti) = Pempherichthys Klunzinger 1871. 9. unwini Ogilby, Mem, Austr. Mus., ii, 1889, p. 60, pi. iii, fig. 1 : Lord Howe Island. 10. ELONGATUS McCulloch, ibid., p. 47, pi. iv, fig. 1 : Flinders' Island, Bass Strait, to Wilson's Promontory, Vic. iv. Leptobrama Steindachner, ibid., Ixxviii, i, 1878, p. 388 {mulleri) = Neopempheris Macleay 1881. 11. MULLERI Steindachner, ibid., pi. iii, fig. 1 : == ramsayi Macleay 1881 : = pectoralis Ramsay and Ogilby 1887. Coasts of Australia. Note, — In my article on Polynemus specularis de Vis* I wrote re Polynemus multiradiatus Giinther — " I do not know what Klunzinger's fish of the same name may be." I am quite satisfied now that this sentence was penned through my mentally confusing Giinther's species with Pempheris multiradiata Klunzinger. Part II.— THE GADOPSEIFORM PERCOIDS. (Plate XX.) In Mr. Tate Regan 's masterly paper on the ' ' Classification of the Percoid Fishes, "t he diagnoses the gadopseiform percoids as follows: — Division GADOPSEIFORMES. * * Gadopsis scarcely differs from the Percif ormes in osteology, but there is no mesopterygoid and there are 2 radials on the hypercoracoid and 2 on the hypocoracoid. The pelvic fins are jugular, each reduced to a small spine and a bifid ray. Against Blennioid relationships are the intervention of the prootic between the parasphenoid and the alisphenoid, the 3 anal spines, the dorsal and anal rays more numerous than the corresponding myotomes. Vertebrae 21 -f- 26 ; ribs, except the first 2 or 3, on strong parapophyses. " The position here allotted to Gadopsis is much more satisfactory than that assigned to it by previous authors. Family GADOPSEID^. BlenniidcB part. Eichardson, Zool. Erebus & Terror, ii, 1848, Ichth., p. 122. Gadopsidce Giinther, Brit. Mus. Catal. Fish., iv, 1862, p. 318. Body elongate-eUiptical to elongate, more or less compressed, covered with minute, adherent, concentrically striated, cycloid scales. Lateral line continuous, • Ann. Queensl. Mus., No. 10, 1911, p, 45. t Ajin. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xii, 1913, p. 135. 68 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. not extending on the caudal fin, the tubes long and simple. Head almost wholly scaly, with rather long, obtusely pointed snout, the mucous system well developed. Mouth terminal, with moderate oblique cleft, the upper jaw projecting; pre- maxillaries forming the entire dentigerous border of the upper jaw, the maxillaries- exposed and dilated distally. Jaws with a pluriserial band of small cardiform teeth, the outer series much enlarged, widely set, and conical ; a patch of small teeth on the head of the vomer, and a band of even smaller ones on the palatines ; pterygoids and tongue smooth. Two moderate, widely separated nostrils on each, side, the anterior tubular. Eyes small, anteromedian, lateral. Opercle with a small, flat spine. Vertical fins naked, with the posterior rays increasingly crowded. One long dorsal fin, with viii to xiii 28 to 25 rays, the spinous portion much shorter than the soft, the spines short and weak, graduated. Caudal free and rounded. Anal similar to the dorsal, with iii 17 to 19 rays. Pectoral small, symmetrical, with 16 or 17 rays, the middle longest, inserted below the middle- of the body. Ventral jugular, composed of a small spine and a single bifid ray. Gill-openings wide; gill-membranes separate, free from the isthmus; branchi- ostegals six ; pseudobranchia? present, glandular ; gills four, a narrow slit behind the fourth ; gill-rakers in small number, short, stout, and spinulose ; pharyngeal bones separate, armed with well developed cardiform teeth ; air-bladder present,. simple. Stomach csecal ; pyloric appendages in moderate number ; intestinal canal straight. Premaxillary processes short ; supraoccipital crest vestigial ; coracoid dilated ; scapula without foramen ; pectoral arch attached to the skull by a simple posttemporal. An aberrant monotypic family of percoid fishes, holding an isolated position, and inhabiting the fresh M^aters of Northern Tasmania and South- Eastern Australia; it has not as yet been recorded west of the Torrens River, South Australia, but is included by Zietz* among the edible fishes of the Lower Murray, up which and its tributaries it ascends, even to its remote head waters in the Queensland Ranges, where it is now firmly established; here its general appearance and slippery nature have given rise to the persistent belief in the presence of an eel in our transmontane waters. GADOPSIS Richardson. Gadopsis Eichardson, Zool. Erebus & Terror, ii, 1848, Iclith., p. 122; no description (marmorala) ; Glintlier, Brit. Mns. Catal. Fish., iv, 1862, p. 318; McCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vic, dec. iii, 1879, p. 39; Ogilby, Edib. Fish. & Crust. N. S. Wales, 1893, p. 149 Characters of the family. (Gad us, cod; oi/'ts, gen. oi//€0J9, resemblance: from a superficial likeness to that fish.) The genus Gadopsis has had a somewhat varied experience as to its position in the system. Its original author considered it ''to belong to the Blennioid family." From thence it w^as removed by Giinther, who placed it at the head of * Trans. Roy. Soc. South Australia, xxvi, 1902, p. 267. EDIBLE FISHES OF QUEENSLAND, PABT II.—OGILBY. 69 liis " Anacanthini Gadoidei/' defining its position in the following words — "Before entering into an account of the true Gadoid fishes, we must intercalate ihe type of a separate family, which, although having every character of a Gadoid, has true spines in the dorsal and anal fins, thus forming a connecting link between the Acanthopterygians and the Malacopterygians. The structure of the dorsal fin, the presence of pyloric appendages, etc., prevent its being placed among the Blennoids. " Four years later Steindachner* reasserted its affinity with the blennies, and was subsequently supported by Gill, whof placed the family GadopsidcE between the CepolidcB and ClinidcF. Giinther, however, adhered to his original opinion, since we find him in 1880t retaining Gadopsis among the Anacanthini. Coming to more recent times Boulenger§ and Goodrich || both refer it to the Blenniidce, not even allowing it family rank. The latest announce- ment on the subject by Regan I have already reproduced. GADOPSIS MARMORATA Richardson. ■Gadopsis marmoratus Eichardson, Zool. Erebus & Terror, ii, 1848, IcMh., p. 122, pi. ILx, figs. 6 to 11 : Elvers in the southern parts of Australia H — Giinther, Brit. Mus. Catal. Fish., iv, 1862, p. 318 — Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wien, liii, i, 1866, p. 4.57 — Klunzinger, Arch. f. Nat., 1872, i, p. 38 — Castelnau, Proc. Zool. & Accl. Soc. Vic, i, 1872, p. 160 — id., Essay Edib. Fish. Vic, 1873, p. 14— Klunzinger, Sitzb. Akad. Wien, Ixxx, i, 1879, p. 393— Eep. Eoy. Comm. Fisher. N. S. Wales, 1880, p. 89— Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, vi, 1881, p. 112— Johnston, Proc Eoy. Soc Tas., 1881 (1882), pp. 60 & 124— Woods, Fish & Fisher. N. S. Wales, 1882, p. 10.5— Ogilby, Catal. Fish. N. S. Wales, 1886, p. 37— Lucas, Proc. Eoy. Soc Vic (n.s.) ii, 1890, p. 33 — Johnston, ibid., 1890 (1891), pp. 26 & 35— Ogilby, Edib. Fish. & Crust. N. S. Wales, 1893, p. 149— Kent, Naturalist in Austr., 1897, p. 156— Zietz, Trans. Eoy. Soc S. Austr., xsr^-i, 1902, p. 267— Waite, Synops. Fish. N. S. Wales, 1904, p. 53— Stead, Fish. Austr., 1906, p. 210, text-fig. 74— id., Edib. Fish. N. S. Wales, 1908, p. 116, pi. Ixxx— McCulloch, Proc Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, xxxvi, 1911, p. 82. 'Gadopsis gracilis McCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vic, dec. iii, 1879, p. 39, pi. xxvii, fig. 2: Yarra Eiver, Vic Gadopsis gihhosus McCoy, ibid., p. 41. Gadopsis fuscus Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wien, Ixxxviii, i, 1884, p. 1105, pi. i, fig. 2: Fresh-waters of South Australia. Gadopsis sp. Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc N. S. Wales, s, 1885, p. 267: Little Eiver at Yass, N. S. W. * Sitzb. Akad. Wien, liii, 1866, p. 456. t "Families and Subfamilies of Fishes," Mem. Nat. Acad. Sei. Washington, vi, p. 136. I Study of Fishes, p. 537. § Cambridge Nat. Hist., Fish., 1904, p. 709. II In Lankester 's Treatise on Zoology, pt. ix, 1909, p. 458. ^ Castelnau (ibid. 1) states that Eichardson 's type "was brought from Tasmania," and ihe statement has doubtless influenced subsequent authors in their treatment of the species. There is, however, no justification whatever for this assertion, since Eichardson distinctly gives the locality as above. Giinther, in his list of the specimens in the British Museum c(1862), refers to what is possibly the type in the following terms: — a. Skin, in spirits. Australia. From Mr. Gould's collection. 70 ME MO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. THE SLIPPERY. BlACKFLSH; FrESII-WATER BlACKFISH; RlVER BlACKFISH ; TaiLOR OR TaILER (at Gimtawang, N.S.W.) ; Marbled River Cod. (Plate XX.) Depth of body 4-5 to 5-4, length of head 3-6 to 41, of caudal fin 4-8 to 5-9, of pectoral 5-85 to 7-55, of ventral 6-25 to 7-8 in length of body. Length of snout 31 to 3-6, diameter of eye 4-8 to 6-55, width of interorbit 3-9 to 5, length of maxillary 2 15 to 2-6, of mandible 1-75 to 2-15, height of soft dorsal 1-75 to 2-35, of anal 2 to 2-65 in length of head. Body tapering gracefully from the shoulders backward, its width 1-4 to 1-6 in its depth, which is 1-15 to 1-45 in the length of the head: caudal peduncle slender, its least depth, which is immediately behind the dorsal fin, 1-35 to 1-6 in its length and 2-45 to 2-9 in the depth of the body. Head deeper than wide, its upper profile more or less gibbous behind the frontal region, its width at the cheeks, which are somewhat swollen, 1-7 to 2 in its length, which is 1 to 1-3 in that of the trunk. Anterior profile of snout strongly convex, the upper linear or feebly convex and continuous with the frontal region. Diameter of eye 1-5 to 1-9 in the length of the snout, 1-1 to 1-4 in that of the convex interorbital width, and 2-6 to 3-3 in the postorbital length of the head. Maxillary extending to below or a little behind the pupil, the width of its distal expansion 1-4 to 1-8 in the eye-diameter. Lateral line following the contour of the back, and consisting of from 45 to 50 tubes, each of which corresponds to from 2 to 3 series of body-scales. Mucous system of head reaching the surface by means of large open pores, of which there are two principal series; an inner from the snout along the edges of the preorbital and suborbital bones, finally curving upwards behind the eye; and an outer along the mandibles and the border of the preopercle ; in addition to these there are a conspicuous pair arranged transversely between each pair of nostrils, and a third pair arranged longitudinally along the middle of the interorbital region. D. viii to X 28 to 26 ; A. iii 17 to 19 ; P. 17. Dorsal fin originating above the middle of the appressed pectoral, the last spine longest, 11 to 1-45 in the length of the snout and 16 to 2-35 in the longest ray, which is near the end of the fin and does not reach to the caudal when depressed.* Anal originating below the fifth or sixth dorsal ray, and not extending so far back as that fin; spines graduated like those of the dorsal, but much stronger and pungent, the last as long as or a little longer than that of the dorsal and 1-5 to 2 in * In Eichardson 's figure the rays are depicted as reaching well beyond the base of the caudal. QUEENSLAND FISHES. Plate XX. Face page 70. EDIBLE FISHES OF QUEENSLAND, FAET II.—OGILBT. 71 the longest ray. Length of pectoral 1-55 to 1-9 in that of the head. Inner branch of ventral ray the longer, 2-3 to 31 in the space between its origin and the vent. Gill-rakers 2 or 3 + 5, the longest 2o to 2-7 in the eye-diameter. Vent postmedian, its distance from the root of the caudal 115 to 1-4 in that to the tip of the snout. Pale olive-green, the back and sides more or less conspicuously marbled with dark olive- or chocolate-brown, the marking often taking the form of more or less regular vertical bars between the dorsal fin and the lateral line ; abdominal region light yellowish green finely powdered with darker. Upper surface of head beyond the occiput dull blue, the cheeks similarly but more lightly tinted. Basal half of vertical fins greenish yellow, shading to a dull blue-gray on the outer moiety; dorsal fin with a basal series of bro^^Ti blotches, which are much more pronounced on the soft rays, where also there is sometimes an inconspicuous series of median blotches : caudal uniform in the adult, but with a broad terminal and median darker transverse band in the young, the pectorals and ventrals immaculate, the latter yellowish {marmoratus, marbled). Described from 10 examples, measuring from 110 to 235 millim., in the State Museum ; four of these belong to the old collection and are in fair condition ; they were, I believe, obtained in the Condamine at Killarney by Mr. J. Lamb. The remaining 6 are in perfect condition, and were forwarded lately from the same locality by Mr. J. H. Stevens, Chief Inspector of Fisheries. Vernacular Names : — Considering its present wide distribution the species is not over-burdened with local names. In the Southern States (Tasmania and the coastal belt of Victoria) it is commonly known as the " Blackfish, " a name which is inadmissible as it more properly belongs to the kj^phosid genus Girella. To obviate this Stead proposed the addition of the word ' ' River, ' ' and describes and figures it as the "River Blackfish." This, though an improvement, is too pronounced a misnomer to ever become popular. Similarly the title, proposed by me in 1893, of "Marbled Cod" must be discarded, since the fish has nothing to do with the gadoid anacanthines. Speaking of New South "Wales Stead {in lit. ) says : — ' ' This species is known under a variety of names in different portions of its New South Wales habitat. Rarely is it called ' River Blackfish. ' The name of 'Slippery' is applied to it commonly in the vicinity of Orange and thereabouts, and occasionally in other parts, including the Upper Snowy River. That of 'Taller' is very widely used, more than any other name, for the species, though why, I never could ascertain. In the Macquarie and its feeders — especially the Cudgegong — where I have found Gadopsis marmoratus to be especially abundant, the name of 'Tailer' is very firmly established. I have found the name of 'Gudgeon' applied to the fish in some places; and on some of the Upper Murrum- . bidgee feeders it has been described as a ' Cod. ' " In Queensland, according to 72 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Messrs. Stevens and Colclongh it goes by the name of ' ' Nikkie Long Cod, ' ' usually abbreviated to ''Nikkie," in the Warwick District. I have been unable to ascertain any aboriginal name for the fish. From these I have selected "Slippery" as the most suitable and certainly the most expressive title, for the fish is very difficult to handle, being covered with a thick slime, which, according to Mr. Stevens, is very difficult to remove from the hands, and has a peculiar and disagreeable odor. Variation: — With regard to the comparative length of the head and body, on which McCoy — overlooking the fact that Richardson's description was dra\vn up from a dried skin and is, for that reason, liable to inaccuracy — lays so much stress, a comparison of my specimens wath the tables given by McCoy and Johnston (1) shows that both the Victorian and Tasmanian examples, referred to therein, overlap those of Queensland at each end, as may be seen by the following : — T„„„i:t„ Specimens I-o^^'ity- examined. Length in millim. Variation. Authority. Yarra, Vic. North Esk, Tas Condamine, Q. 3 7 10 125 to 635 133 to 273 110 to 235 4-2 to 4-9 4-0 to 4-9 4-4 to 4-8 McCoy Johnston Ogilby If there be anyone who still holds the opinion that more than one species of Gadopsis exists, the above table should, I think, convince him to the contrary. Thrj other character, on which McCoy places some reliance, namely, the number of dorsal spines, is, when examined, found to be equally fallible. Eichardson computed them at 10, Giinther at 10 or 11, Castelnau at 12, IMcCoy at 10 to 12 (gihhosus and gracilis), Steindachner at 10 (fuscus), Ogilby (2) at 10 to 13. Queensland specimens, therefore, show the minimum variation as yet ascertained, i.e., 8 (2) 9 (1) 10 (7). The western form of Gadopsis has apparently a more slender body and fewer dorsal spines than its south-eastern prototype, but there is no difference between it and specimens obtained in the lower reaches of the Murraj^. Nor must we forget that the fishes, which have been recorded from the Murrumbidgee (Macleay), Bell (Ogilby), Macquarie and Namoi (McCulloch), Tumut, G-wydir, and other watersheds (Stead), and now from the Condamine, are primarily descended from the Snowy Eiver stock by way of the Upper Murrumbidgee. These colonists have ever instinctively chosen those affluents which have their source in the higher table-lands, and which, owing to the different conditions of life, of food, and of environment, have increasingly altered in external appearance the further they have drawn away from their X^arent base. After taking into consideration all the varying conditions under which they live, and analyzing all the available literature on the subject, I cannot see any reason to alter my opinion, expressed twenty years ago, that — " This EDIBLE FISHES OF QUEENSLAND, PART II.—OGILBY. 73 species is so variable, not only in its coloration, but also in its comparative measurements and the number of spines and rays in the dorsal fin, that we consider the differences between the typical form and the two species described by ]\IcCoy, great as they may appear individually, to be only such as might be expected to occur in a fresh-water species of wide range, and which exists under such varying conditions of life and diversities of climate." These differences are accentuated by the discovery of the Queensland form, but the main issue is in no ways affected thereby. Years ago Johnston came to the same conclusions as are here set out from a ''close study of the variability of the Tasmanian G. marmoratus." He concludes his remarks with the .following pertinent sentence, with which I cordially agree — ''It is very hazardous in this genus to create a new species based upon the examination of only two or three individuals." So far as fresh-water fishes at least are concerned he might well have omitted "in this genus." In reference to this subject Mr. David G. Stead, Superintendent of Fishery Investigation, New South Wales, kindly forwards the following note:— " I find a very great amount of variation in both form and color in this species. As in a number of our other fluviatile fishes, the form is generally more elongate in those examples taken from the more rapid streams, than in those from sluggish ones ; and particularly is the difference to be noted between the Gadopsis of a still lagoon and that of a neighboring stream — the former being comparatively stout and short. The difference is so marked at times, that the specialist might well be pardoned for considering such fishes as specifically distinct, if they were just placed upon his table without any information as to the places whence they came. In color the variation usually ranges from a light brown to a dark greenish brown — with the usual marblings. (The latter may be of a large, or yet quite a small, pattern.) Where the fish is taken from very dark muddy bottoms or very turbid streams it is usually of a dirty blackish color with but little trace of the marmorations. ' ' Historical: — Described originally by Richardson from an undetermined river in Southern Australia, Giinther next enlarged its range by the inclusion of Tasmania, while Steindachner, four years later, by obtaining examples from the Murray River, definitely established an Australian locality for the species. The first writer in Australia to publish an account of this fish was Castelnau, who in 1872 recorded it as being "found in almost all the streams of South-Eastern Australia." Under the names gihhosus and gracilis McCoy, some years later, strove to detach from the parent species two Victorian forms, the latter a slender and generally handsome fish from the Yarra, the former stouter, shorter, and duller in color from the Bunyip River, Gippsland. Recent writers, however, consider that the characters on which these species are based are of too trivial a nature to admit of their specific separation. Macleay (1881) adds nothing to our knowledge of the species, but Johnston in the succeeding year makes some interesting remarks on the subject of its distribution in Tasmania, which are 74 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. worth requoting here. He writes: — " It is most singular that this species,* with the Blackfish {Gadopsis marmoratus) should be identical with species found abundantly in Victorian Rivers, and wholly absent in all the southern waters uf Tasmania. The Unio {U. moretonicus) , and the Freshwater Lobster {Astacopsis Franklinii), are also restricted to the rivers which discharge their waters into Bass's Straits. The peculiar inhabitants of northern rivers, therefore, are more Victorian than South Tasmanian in character, which is remarkable when we consider the present insular character of Tasmania."! And again — " The Blackfish, whose singular distribution has been commented upon, is found in nearly all the rivers of Tasmania which flow into Bass's Straits. Their original absence in some northern streams, such as the South Esk, is somewhat puzzling, but the total absence from all the other rivers and streams of Tasmania where the conditions are identical can only be explained on the principles of geographical distribution as illustrated by Darwin and Wallace." In 1893 the author took exception to the last sentence in the following words, with which he sees no reason now to differ : — ' ' With the latter part of this quotation we can not agree, and we think the solution of the ' puzzle ' will be found in the different character of the geological formations through which the streams flow, or the different composition of the water constituting such streams." As somewhat confirming this view Johnston 's remark, that in the North Esk they fail to attain to the size found commonly in the other streams of Northern Tasmania, tells against him, for it seems probable that the conditions of life in that stream had a deleterious effect on the fish, which in its southern namesake had become so accentuated as to preclude its very existence in a natural state. Tenison Woods is, "I believe, the earliest writer to extend its range to the western waters of New South Wales, alluding to it as "a very common fish in some of our rivers both of eastern and western waters"; but this is merely a general assertion, no locality being mentioned, and must, therefore, be taken for what it is worth. J IMacleay, however, in 1885 definitely fixed a western habitat by placing on record his acquisition of a specimen from the Little River, a tributary of the Murrumbidgee near Yass. In the previous year Steindachner made another attempt to differen- tiate from G. marmoratus the dull-colored form, peculiar to lagunes and bayous, * i.e. the Bass {Percolates colonorum). t This restricted Tasmanian distribution was first noticed by Mr. Morton Allport, who, in May, 1867, read a paper before the Royal Society of Tasmania "On the Local Distribution of some Tasmanian Animals" (Proc. Roy. Soe. Tas., 1867, pp. 9 to 13), in which the following paragraph occurs (p. 10) — " The large fresh-water fish known to northern colonists as the ' Black-Fish,' and the great river Crayfish, abound in streams flowing to the northern and western coasts, and are wanting in those flowing to the eastern and southern. ' ' J Since writing this paragraph I find that Woods' announcement was forestalled by the Report of the Royal Commission on the Fisheries of' New South "Wales, 1880, in which the following passage occurs: — " The ' black-fish' (Gadoj)sis marmoratus) is a remarkable-looking fish, which is found in all these rivers [i.e., those of the Murray River system] ; it is a mud- fish, and is seldom caught except by the emptying or drying-up of a waterhole. It is said to be good, and to attain a length of 161/2 inches." My comment, appended above to Woods' record, is equally applicable in this case. EDIBLE FISHES OF QUEENSLAND, FAET II.—OGILBY. 75 as G. fuscus, but the effort was as futile as those previously made by McCoy. In 1893, the writer reviewed all that was then known of the habits and distribution of the fish, extending among other things its northerly range in transmontane New South Wales to the Bell River at Wellington. No further addition to our knowledge transpired until Zietz recorded its presence in the Onkaparinga and Torrens Elvers, South Australia, thus increasing its range to some distance west of the Murray. Stead (1908) gives its New South Wales distribution as "the upland streams of the southern tableland," while the Australian Museum, as recorded by McCulloch, has received examples "from Manilla on the Namoi River, and Rylestone on a tributary of the Macquarie. " At my request Stead has furnished me with the following more detailed information as to its distribution in the western waters of the "Mother Colony'' :—'' Gadopsis marmoratus appears to be distributed over the greater portion of the Murray Drainage area. My personal experience in the Highlands of New South Wales shows that it occurs in the Yarrangobilly River, Jounama Creek, Goobarragandra River, Adjungbilly Creek, and other feeders of the Turaut River, the Tumut itself, the Upper Murrumbidgee, the Upper Snowy and its feeders (said to have been introduced to the Craigie River from Victoria in 1883, and sent in to me for identification as a species of Trout in 1908) ; Fish River, Bell River, Cudgegong River, and other feeders of the Macquarie, as well as the upper waters of the Macquarie itself, and the Rocky River (a tributary of the Gwydir) at Uralla. In the plain country my experience of this fish shows it to be common in many places, particularly where the streams are sluggish, and in billabong or 'WarrumbooU country, including the middle Murray, the Kyalite or Edward's River, the Murrumbidgee as far as Hay, Yanco Creek, the Lachlan,* the Macquarie, the Namoi, and the Barwon. It seems to be more abundant in the Macquarie River and its feeders than anywhere else in its New South Wales habitat. ' ' The first announcement of its occurrence in Queensland waters was made by me in the Brisbane "Observer" of June 26, 1909. There I recorded that "Mr. Mat. Colclough, who has always shown a keen interest in piscatorial matters, has recently forwarded to me two fishes caught in the Condamine River in the vicinity of Warwick." Of these I reported to Mr. Colclough that one was a young example of the common Golden Perch (Plectroplites amhiguus), while "the other is a much more interesting fish, being a unique and geographically most important addition to the fauna of Queensland, namely the Freshwater Blackfish (Gadopsis marmoratus).'" After giving some account of its distribution and uses I wrote — ' ' Previous to this record I never heard of its existence north of Deniliquin, so that you have a right to plume yourself on having added so many hundreds of miles to the geographical distribution of this extraordinary fish, which stands absolutely alone in the scheme of Nature, forming a monotypic family, without a near relative either in recent or palaeozoic times." * I have not yet seen it here, but have good evidence of its occurrence. — D.G.S. ■76 MEMOIFS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Beprodudion : — The breeding habits of this curious fish have not been studied with the attention which they deserve ; nevertheless, our present knowledge is greatly in advance of that when Johnston, who first alludes to the subject, wrote that, though he and others had opened hundreds of specimens, he was imable to distinguish the male from the female, and so suggests that the fishes are bisexual. The earliest precise information, which we possess, is contained in the following short paragraph, taken from my work above mentioned: — "Specimens from the Bell River, Wellington, were shedding their spawn when -obtained during the month of October. The ripe ova are few in number, of large size, and orange colored." Up to now that was the extent of our published information on this most important subject, but Messrs. Stead and Colclough both contribute useful additions to our knowledge. The former states (in lit.) : — "Spawning takes place usually about October and November, though occasional females may be taken with ripe eggs throughout the whole of the warmer weather. The eggs are demersal and adhesive. The ripe ova vary in colour from a light grey to a golden tint, but are usually of a pale straw-color." The latter writes me : — ' ' In respect of its spawning ; towards the end of the winter a peculiar grass appears in the bed of the stream, which grass is much frequented by the fish at this time when it is full of spawn. I believe that the roe is deposited for protection among this weed, but whether the ova adhere, either singly or in masses, to the grass, or to stones, or whether the fish makes a nest of some sort among the grasses, I have so far failed to satisfy myself. I am, however, fully satisfied that the worst enemy, against which both the ova and fry have to contend, is the fresh- water shrimp,* which at this season feeds largely upon them." With the additional information imparted to us above by Stead, we may safely conclude that the ova adhere to the stems of the grass referred to by Mr. Colclough. Tlahits: — -As with the Trout the most fruitful cause of variation in the Slippery is its catholicity of habitat, for it is not only a denizen of still lagunes and sluggish streams, but can also hold its own in the more rapid flowing creeks and rivulets, though it is in the former that they attain their greatest develop- ment. Regarding their mode of life the elder Australian authors have given us but scanty information. The Report of the Royal Commission on the Fisheries of New South Wales (1880, p. 89) tells us that "it is a mud-fish, and is seldom caught except by the emptying or drying-up of a waterhole." This statement, which is but partially true, has unfortunately been copied over and over again, and gives a very restricted view of the habits of the fish and its adaptability to incongruous conditions and varying environment. Johnston remarks that it is "usually taken in considerable numbers by rod and line all the year round, the l;ook baited often with the large white grub" of a species of moth obtained from * Palaemon sp. EDIBLE FISHES OF QUEENSLAND, PABT II.—OGILBY. 77-" the wattle [Acacia dealbata) and honeysuckle {Banksia marginata). Stead, who has made better use of his opportunities than others who were in a better position for observing these fishes, writes — " Gadopsis marmoratus is a bottom, fish, lurking usually in quiet snaggy pools — particularly in places where there is an eddy — or in backwaters and billabongs. Here it finds worms and aquatic insects principall}'. Nothing, however, of an animal nature comes amiss (as the- stomach contents reveal), from small fishes — including their own kind — down to 'still life' like the river MoUusca. In the mountainous parts of its habitat, it is found commonly in the pools and but rarely in the rapid running portions of the streams. The most seductive bait, used by anglers in pursuit of this species, is- the common earthworm. This is attached alive to a small hook. The best anglers use a light line and light jointed rod. Under such circumstances a little sport may be got out of the capture of the fish; but usually 'any old line' and 'any old- rod' is used — -the latter is frequently a bamboo, but is often made from a light thin sapling — 'light' as a sapling, be it said, but hardly as a fishing-rod." We have also received a most interesting letter, concerning its Tasmanian habits,- uses, and distribution, from Mr. C. H. Harrison, Hon. Sec. Northern Tasmanian Fisheries Association, which we have much pleasure in quoting in extenso. In- answer to questions as to its value as a game and food fish, its size, and its relations with the introduced Trout, he writes as follows: — "The Blackfish is a good food fish, but its game or sporting qualities are practically nil. It feeds mostly at night, and so is not much caught during the day. The hour about dusk is very favorable for taking it. The method is to bait with worm, or better still white grub obtained from trees, notably the wattle, and fish with a float. You give the fish time to get well hold, and then yank it straight out ; that is, unless it is of large size, when a landing net is best employed. It attains a considerable size ; in this country specimens up to 7 lb. have been fairly plentiful in years gone by, while specimens of 12 lb. have been taken. Even with the large fishes no fight has been put up, but some fine catches have been made. I may mention three rods taking 24 dozen in a night, and another three rods taking 63, weighing from li/o to 6 lb. apiece, the smaller ones having been- all returned. A curious thing was that the 24 dozen just mentioned were all full of roe, not one carrying milt. The Blackfish spawns in the spring or early summer, but their exact breeding habits have not, to my knowledge, been investigated here. The species originates in this State only in the rivers flowing directly into Bass Strait. It has, however, been transplanted into other streams and has done well. About fifteen years ago a mortality broke out amongst them, and they appeared to die almost out in some rivers, but a revival has taken place and they are again increasing rapidly. Many years ago about 500 were taken south and turned into the Derwent, about the best-stocked trout stream in the Island at the time. Everyone laughed and said they would only make food for the Trout. In a few years, however, they began to show up in the tributar>^ streams, and have since increased to such an extent that they are now plentiful, 78 MEMOIRS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. and trout-fishers using a grasshopper in the ripples of a summer's night have caught a trout at one east and a blackfish at the next. In point of fact our Commissioners of Fisheries at one time received a complaint that Blackfish were so plentiful in the Derwent that they interfered with the trout fishing. Of course trout prey on them to a certain extent, but the Blackfish appears to have evolved a fresh sense, and now takes pretty good care of itself. On the other hand I have known a large Blackfish caught with a trout in its inside, so that the dietary question is not all one-sided," Referring to Queensland Mr. J. Hirst Stevens, State Inspector of Fisheries, while recently up country as a member of a Eoyal Commission engaged in reporting upon the condition of our fishery industries, interested himself in making inquiries about this species, and has supplied me with the following note: — "These little fishes frequent especially the smaller waterholes and pools along the banks of the Condamine, where they find comparative safety from the voracity of the Cod {Oligorus macquariensis) . As they usually go in small schools of from two to five dozen and take a bait greedily, the angler, provided with light tackle and a box of earthworms or small grubs, would usually have no difficulty in catching as many as he desires of from 5 to 8 inches in length." Mr. Colclough tells me that — "it is common everywhere about the Warwick District, but rarely attains a weight of over four ounces; it is not, therefore, seriously regarded as a food or game fish, except by youthful anglers, to whom it appeals by reason of its abundance, and the facility with which it may be captured by almost any lure, for it is a bold and voracious feeder. The most satisfactory baits in use here are the white grubs which are obtainable from the willow tree and the moth into which it eventually turns; the latter when hooked and allowed to flap about on the surface of the water is an almost irresistible attraction. Mole-crickets {CurtiUa spp.), small grasshoppers, cicadas {Psaltoda harrisii*), beetles and other insects, with the ubiquitous worm, may also be successfully employed." Uses : — The consensus of opinion as to the economic value of the Slippery varies, but is generally favourable from the epicure's and damnatory from the angler's viewpoint. Speaking of Victoria Castelnau calls it "a good edible fish" and McCoy "an excellent fish for the table." Johnston bears testimony to the value of the Tasmanian fish as follows : — ' ' It is much esteemed as food, and is a welcome fare to the bushmen and settlers who are far removed from the centres of population." Stead writes — "In country parts (of New South Wales) this species is looked upon as being of considerable value as an edible fish ; and as a sporting fish, it is of no mean order, taking the bait readily and showing fight." This is satisfactory, in that presumably the mainland fish is not so arrant a cur as Mr. Harrison's letter makes out his island cousin to be. * I am indebted for the scientific names to my colleague, Mr. H. Hacker. EDIBLE FISHES OF QUEENSLAND, PAST II.—OGILBY. 79 Range : — Fresh waters of Tasmania and Victoria, indigene only to those streams which flow into Bass Strait ; it has, however, been successfully introduced in several other Tasmanian rivers, where it is now firmly established. From Eastern Victoria it has spread westward to the Murray and, possibly in more recent times, to the Onkaparinga and Torrens Kivers, the latter being, so far as is known, its present westerly limit. Its colonization of the eastern watersheds of the Murray and Darling drainage areas has been complete and successful, since Stead 's graphic description of its distribution in the ]\Iother State leaves no room for doubt that it has established itself in all the rivers flowing westward, being, as he puts it, ''equally common in lagunes at such widely separated places as the vicinity of Albury on the Murray River and Walgett, at the junction of the Namoi and Barwon Rivers." Beyond this it has pressed ever onward so as to include all that portion of Queensland drained by the Condamine, having made its way up that river to its head-waters in the Ranges about "Warwick and Killarney. That it has failed to obtain a foothold in any of the New South Wales rivers east of the Dividing Range proves that, though sometimes taken in the brackish water of tidal rivers, it is incapable of existence in pure sea water. This brings to the front the fascinating question as to how far eastward the Bassian Isthmus of Early Pliocene times actually extended. Hedley,* in a valuable paper on " The Effect of the Bassian Isthmus upon the existing marine Fauna," fixes the eastern border of the isthmus at or near Cape Howe. If this be correct we would expect to find Gadopsis still in existence in the Brodribb, Genoa, and other streams flowing southward into Bass Strait between the estuary of the Snowy and Cape Howe. But this, so far as we know, is not the case. There seems, therefore, to be some ground for query as to Avhether it might not be safer to place the boundary of the lost isthmus somewhere in the neighbourhood of Cape Conran than further east. Next comes the question of the peopling of the western waters. The means whereby this was effected is possibly to be found in the one-time capture of the head waters of the Snowy River by the IMurrum- bidgee, and the consequent transference of an eastern fauna into a western river, whence it has spread in all directions. Unlike the Murray Cod {Oligorus macquariensis) , Golden Perch {Plectroplites amhiguus), or Snubnose Perch {Macquaria australasica) , all three of which have crossed the Range at one or more points, the Slippery has not succeeded in so doing, and is, therefore, in these systems antithetical to the Eel (Anguilla reinhardtii) , which as persistently refuses to cross to the western slopes, notwithstanding its kno■\^•n ability to travel long distances at night through damp grass. This is the more astonishing as the western-flowing Cudgegong and the eastern-flowing Goulburn ( ?) practically arise from the same source, but while in the eelless Cudgegong the Slippery is so common as to have gained the distinctive local appellation of ''tailor," it * Proe. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, xxviii., pp. 876 to 883. 80 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. yet never crosses to the eastern watershed ; and the converse proposition applies. to the Eel. Dimensions : — In Northern Tasmania Johnston, on hearsay evidence, writes- of a 10-lb. specimen, but continues that 3 or 4 lb. is a more usual size ; Harrison, however, has known of a patriarch that turned the scale at 12 lb., and states that some years ago a 7-lb. fish was not uncommon, while even now a 6-pounder does not provoke sarcastic comment. In the coastal rivers of Eastern Victoria they grow to a weight of about 4 lb., but are much smaller in the Upper Snowy and the Murray and Darling Watersheds. On this point let Stead speak for himself : — ' ' Though I have seen some very large examples from Southern Victorian and Tasmanian rivers, my experience of the species in New South Wales waters is that it is uniformly small — comparatively speaking. A fish of 15 inches in length is a very large one, though I have heard on good authority of examples up to 18 inches long being taken in the ]\Iacquarie. The usual ' large ' ones, taken by anglers in the Cudgegong at Rhylstone, Cudgegong, or Mudgee, do not exceed 12 inches in length, and the average barely exceeds the present lawful length, 9 inches. In lowlands proper the fish appears to be very small." All this fits in thoroughly with our experience in Queensland, where Colclough gives its maximum weight at 4 oz. and Stevens its length to 8 in. ; the largest which I have seen measured just over 10 inches. There is no published record of the dimensions to which it attains in South Australia. Conclusion : — Nothing farther now remains to write than the pleasing duty of acknowledging our indebtedness and conveying our thanks to those gentlemen — Dr. E. C. Stirling, ^Messrs. J. Hirst Stevens, Llatthew T. Colclough, Allan R. ]\IcCulloch, Charles Hedley, C. H. Harrison, and David G. Stead for their kindly and helpful interest in this attempt to bring our knowledge of this^ most interesting and curious fish up to date. ON SIX NEW OB BABE QUEENSLAND FISHES.— 9ILBY. 81 ON SIX NEW OR RARE QUEENSLAND FISHES. By J. Douglas Ogilby. (Plates XXI to XXIII.) POLYNEMIDiE. POLYDACTYLUS MULTIRADIATUS (Gunther). Polynemua multiradiatus Giinther, Brit. Mu3. Catal. Fish., ii, 1860, p. 324. (Plate XXI.) Deptli of body 2-75 to 2-94, length of liccad 3-3 to 3-45, of caudal fin 2-6 to 2-87, of pectoral 3-3 to 3-46, of upper free ray 2-81 to 3-03, of ventral 5-75 to 6-1 in length of body. Length of snout 3-95 to 4-35, diameter of eye 3-3 to 3-5, width of interorbit 4-1 to 4-4, length of maxillary 4-15 to 4-25, longest dorsal spine 1-5 to 1-56 in length of head. Dorsal contour of body much more elevated than the ventral, its width 2-75 to 2-82 in its depth, which is greatest immediately in front of the anal fin and is one fifth more than the length of the head ; caudal peduncle two fifths longer than deep, its least depth 2-33 to 2-44 in the depth of the body. Head moderate, with convex occipital profile, its width 2 to 2-1, its depth 1-33 to 1-4 in its length. Snout with linear or slightly convex upper profile, its anterior border linear and strongly decHvous, 1-3 to 1-33 in the eye-diameter ; interorbital region feebly convex, its width 1-2 to 1-4 in the same. Premaxillaries feebly emarginate ; maxillary extending to a pupil- diameter behind the eye, the width of its distal extremity 3-43 to 3-56 in its length and much more than the depth of the preorbital, tip of mandible vertically below the anterior border of the eye. Vertical limb of preopercle evenly and finely denticulate, the lowermost tooth much stronger but scarcely longer than the others. Scales in 7/59/12 series. Soft dorsal and anal fins with a wide basal scaly sheath ; a pointed scale in the axils of the pectorals and ventrals, that of the latter the longer and narrowly lanceolate, about as long as the eye -diameter. Lateral fine forked on the caudal fin, a branch extending on each lobe. D. viii, i 14 or 15 ; A. iii 17 or 18 ; P. 15 -f vii. Length of spinous dorsal 1-65 to 1-8 in the soft and 1-5 to 1-7 in the third spine, which is 1-2 to 1-3 in the height of the soft dorsal, the outer border of which is deeply emarginate, the last ray being 82 MEMOISS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. much longer than those preceding it. Caudal fin deeply forked with subequal pointed lobes, the middle rays 2-5 to 2-6 in the upper lobe. Anal originating slightly in advance of and one fifth to one third longer than the soft dorsal, the last spine 1-85 to 1-92 in the first ray ; outer border obhquely truncated, the last ray but shghtly produced. Pectoral as long as the head, the fourth ray longest, reaching to midway between the vent and the anal fin : upper free ray longest, reaching to the anal. Ventral 1-67 to 1-85 in the length of the head, reachnig to beyond the vent. Gill-rakers 13 + ^8- the longest 1-56 in the eye-diameter. Back and sides above the lateral line pale greenish yellow, sides and lower surface silvery. Snout golden bro\Mi ; a well marked black supraciliary band ; opercles iridescent bluish silvery. Fins pale brown, the first dorsal densely, the others more sparsely powdered with, black. Total leng-th to 200 milhm. Range : — From the coast of China to Torres Strait (Thursday Island). Not- withstanding the fact that the species has not been recognised from any part of the Malay States or Archipelago, nor indeed been recorded from the Chinese Seas or elsewhere since Giinther first described it more than half a century ago, I have no doubt as to the correctness of the identification, so far at least as Giinther 's meagre description (due as he himself tells us to " the specimen not being in very good condition, some parts being deformed by stuffing") goes.* The fishes recorded by de Vis as follows " Polynemus multiradiatus, Gth., ascends the Brisbane River " apper- tains to Polydactylus specularis de Vis, that gentleman ha\dng been probably misled by the increased number of dorsal and anal rays common to the two species. Described from two examples, measuring respectively 108 and 136 millim., collected at Thursday Island by Capt. Donald McDonald. Reg. No. in the Queensland Museum I. 13/1034. The following key to the genera of the Polynemidce may be usefully inserted here : — a.^ Preopercle entire ; anal fin of about 30 raj's, much longer than the second dorsal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i. Polynemus. a.2 Preopercle serrated ; anal fin of 11 to 17 rays, about as long as the second dorsal. 6.^ Vomer toothed. c.^ Scales moderate ; free pectoral rays 3 to 9. d.^ Outer border of jaw3 rough ; pectoral rays simple ; no air-bladder ii. Eleutheronema» d.^ Outer border of jaws smooth ; pectoral rays divided ; an air-bladder iii, Polydactylus. C.2 Scales minute ; free pectoral rays 14 .. .. . . iv. Polistonemus. 6,2 Vomer toothless . . . , . . . . . . . . . . v. Galeoides. * See Note on p. 91. QUEENSLAND FISHES. Plate XXT. Face page 82. ON SIX NEW OB BABE QUEENSLAND FISHES.— OGILBY. 83 BOTHID^. PLATOPHRYS PENNATA sp. nov. Depth of body 1-88, length of head 3-66, of caudal fin 448 in length of body. Depth of peduncle 2-71, length of snout 4-22, diameter of eye 3-8, width of interorbit 11-87, length of maxillary 2-71, of mandible 2-37, height of dorsal 2-24, of anal 2-53, length of left pectoral 1-36, of left ventral 2-53 in length of head. Body deeply ovate, the profile of the head from before the interorbital region evenly and strongly convex, as also is the snout in front of i he rostrof rontal notch, which is deep. Mouth moderately arched, the jaws equal ; mental knob little developed ; maxillary extending to below the anterior border of the eye, the width of its truncate distal extremity 2-7 in its length. Lower eye about one third of its diameter in advance of the upper and a little longer than the snout ; interorbital region reduced to a narrow mostly naked furrow, its width 3*12 in the eye-diameter. Scales of colored side ciliated, arranged in 80 transverse series above the lateral Une, and in 20 horizontal series between the dorsal fin and the summit of the arch ; scales of blind side cycloid ; snout and mandibles naked ; a few scales superiorly on the maxillary. Depth of lateral line arch 2-4 in its length ; no subsidiary nuchal branch. D. 91 ; A. 73 ; C. 17 ; P. 14/11 ; V. 6. Dorsal fin originating on the blind side of the snout in front of the rostrofrontal notch, the third ray expanded and pinniform, much longer than the second or fourth, slightly longer than the post- median rays, and 2-1 in the length of the head. Caudal cuneate. Left pectoral with the base oblique, the upper rays longest, reaching well beyond the lateral line arch ; length of right pectoral 1 -93 in that of the left, the middle rays longest. Ven- trals long, that of the eyed side inserted on the abdominal ridge, its base longer than and originating well in advance of that of the right fin ; left ventral subcon- tinuous with the anal, the middle rays longest, reaching the third anal ray. Gill-rakers rather short, stout, and acute, smooth, 10 on the lower branch of the anterior arch, the upper branch entire, the longest one fifth of the eye-diameter and one half of the longest gill-fringes. Light brown with three large blackish spots forming a triangle, one above and one below the middle of the appressed pectoral, the third on the lateral fine about midway between the tip of the pectoral and the root of the caudal ; body with several series of smaller and fainter spots, arranged in a more or less regular trans ^ verse pattern. Vertical fins with a somewhat obscure series of dusky blotches ;: pectoral with broad darker and lighter cross-bands. Described from a single specimen, 170 millim. long, in the collection of the Amateur Fishermen's Association of Queensland. 84 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. PLESIOPID^. PHAROPTERYX MELAS (Bleeker). Plesiops melas Bleeker, Verb. Batav. Gen., xxii, 1849, Bali, p. 9. Plesiops nigricans var. apoda Kner, Sitzb. Akad. Wien, 1868, p. 54. Based on a specimen which had lost its ventral fins. PJiaropteryx melas Jordan and Seale, Bull, U. S. Bar. Fisher., xxv, 1906, p. 261, pi. xxxviii, fig. 3. Depth of body 3-1 to 3-4, length of head 2-75 to 3, of caudal fin 3-5 to 4, of pectoral 3-9 to 4, of ventral 2-8 to 2-85 in length of body. Depth of peduncle 2-1 to 2-2, length of snout 4-5 to 4-8, diameter of eye 3-5 to 4, width of interorbit 7 to 7-33, length of maxillary 1-9 to 2, of mandible 1-66 to 1-85, last dorsal spine 2-2 to 2-4, last anal 2-33 to 2-6 in length of head. Dorsal and ventral contou itabout equally convex ; width of body 1-95 to 2-1 in its depth, which is 1-05 to 1-2 in tiie length of the head : caudal peduncle deeper than long, its least depth 1-8 to 2 in the depth of the body. Width of head a little less than its depth and 1-5 to 1-66 in its length, its upper profile from the forehead to the origin of the dorsal fin Unear and but little acchvous. Snout short and blunt, its upper profile linear and rather strongly acchvous, forming an obtusely rounded angle with the frontal profile, its length 1-25 to 1-3, that of the flat interorbital width l-S to 2 in the eye-diameter ; preorbital very narrow. Maxillary extending to below the hinder border of the eye, the width of its distal extremity 1-35 to 1-5 in the eye-diameter. Vertical limb of preopercle convex, the angle broadly rounded and feebly corrugated ; opercular flap pointed. Scales in 25 transverse series between the angle of the opercle and the root of the caudal, in 11 series in an oblique row from the vent forward to the dorsal ridge, 2 of wliich are above the lateral line. Lateral line tubes 19 or 20 in the upper line, 10 to 12 in the lower. Cheek-scales in 3 series. D. X* or xi 7 ; A. iii 8 ; P. 20 or 21. Dorsal fin originating above the base of the pectoral ; first spine short, 2-65 in the last, which is 1-4 to 1-5 in the fifth and longest ray ; rayed fin reaching beyond the base of the caudal. Anal originating below the seventh or eighth dorsal spine, its first spine 2-1 to 2-2 in the last, which is 1-66 to 1-85 in the fifth ray ; soft portion similar to but higher than the dorsal rays, and just reaching to the caudal. Pectoral 1-3 to 1-4 in the length of the head, scarcely extending to above the vent. Ventral as long as or a httle longer than the head, reaching to the second anal spine. Gill-rakers 3 + 10, the longest 2-7 in the eye-diameter and as long as the gill -fringes. Purplish brown, some of the scales occasionally gray usually with a dark central spot ; sides and lower surface of head (except the anterior branchiostegals * In one example the first short spine is uaissing. ON SIX NEW OE EASE QUEENSLAND FISHES.—OGILBY. 85 which are blacldsh), throat and abdomen smoke-brown. Vertical fins purple, the dorsal edged with white, the width of the band diminishing from the front ; pectorals uniform ; outer soft ray of ventral dull blue, the others brown transversely barred with whitish undulse. Described from two specimens, 78 millim. long, collected at Masthead Island by Mr. H. A. Longman. CHEILODIPTERID.E. AMIA NEMATACANTHA sp. nov. (Plate XXII, fig. 1.) Depth of body 2-38, length of head 2-86, height of spinous dorsal 2-28, length of caudal 2-82, of pectoral 348, of ventral 4-83 in length of body. Length of snout 3-93, diameter of eye 2-36, width of interorbit 3-96, length of maxillary 2-04, height of soft dorsal 1-13, of anal 1-42 in length of head. Body ovate and strongly compressed, the dorsal and ventral contours about equally rounded : caudal peduncle stout, its least depth 2-3; in the depth of the body. Upper profile of head undulous, the nape without median ridge. Snout with convex profile, its length 1-66, that of the convex interorbital width 1-7 in the eye-diameter ; maxillary notched posteriorly, extending to below the middle of the eye. Inner limb of preopercle entire, outer serrulate at the angle and below. D. vi, i 8. No procumbent dorsal spine ; the four middle dorsal spines fila- mentous ; the second longest reaching when laid back to beyond the base of the soft dorsal ; spine of soft dorsal much stronger than those of the spinous dorsal, its length 1-55 in the first ray, which, with those that immediately succeed it, are also more or less filamentous. A. ii 9. Second anal spine, 1-34 in that of the soft dorsal and 1-66 in its first ray. Caudal fin deeply emarginate. Pectoral long, extending to beyond the vertical from the anal spines. Ventral long, 1-3 in the pectoral, not quite reaching to the anal. Pale yellow ; the head and anteriorjpart of the body ^dotted with^black {vrjixa, gen. vrjixaTo<;, thread ; oLKavOa, spine). Total length of type 45 millim. Six specimens of a small cheilodipterid, collected by Dr. J. R. Tosh at Damley Island, were received, but unfortunately with two exceptions they were in bad condition. The best example has been chosen as the type, and is here described and figured. Reg. No. I. 13/1273. Queensland Museum Collection. 86 meiloibs of the queensland museum. Family LEIOGNATHID^. XYSTiEMA DARNLEYENSE sp. nov. (Plate XXIII.) Depth of body 2-4 to 2-65, length of head 2-9 to 3-2, longest dorsal spine 5 to 5-3, length of caudal 2-65 to 2-8, of pectoral 2-8 to 2-95, of ventral 4-95 to 5-4 m length of body. Length of snout 3 to 3-2, diameter of eye 3 to 3-15, width of interorbit 3-25 to 3-5, length of maxillary 2-8 to 3-25, of mandible 1-9 to 2-1, longest anal spine 2-5 to 2-75 in length of head. Body subovate, the dorsal contour rather more arched than the ventral, which is somewhat flattened behind the ventral fins ; width of body 2-35 to 2-4 in its depth, which is -15 to -3 more than the length of the head : caudal peduncle about one third longer than deep, its least depth 3-5 to 3-8 in the depth of the body and 2-8 to 3-2 in the length of the head. Head -IS to -25 longer than deep, its upper profile from the snout to the dorsal fin Hnear in small examples, becoming slightly convex on the nuchal region in the larger ; lower profile concave and more declivous than the uj)per. Snout obtusely rounded, as long as the eye-diameter, which is -05 to -25 more than the convex interorbital width. Jaws equal ; maxillary extending to below or a httle beyond the anterior border of the eye, the width of its distal extremity 2-75 to 3-1 in its length. Preopercle entire. Scales 6/47 to 50/13. Cheek-scales in three series ; scales on the upper surface of the head extending fonvard laterally nearly to the nostrils, mesially to above the anterior border of the pupil, the premaxillary groove broad and naked, rounded behind ; mandible naked. Accessory scale of ventral long and lanceolate, longer than the eye -diameter. D. ix 10 ; A. iii 7. Dorsal originating above the insertion of the ventral ; spines weak and flexible, the second longest, as long as or a httle longer than the snout and eye, and 1-9 to 2-2 in the depth of the body below it ; anterior soft ray equal to or a trifle longer than the fifth spine. Caudal deeply forked, the middle rays 3-4 to 4-4 in the upper lobe. Anal originating below fourth dorsal ray, the second spine somewhat stronger and a httle longer than the third, which is subequal to the first ray. Pectoral pointed, reaching to or shghtly beyond the origin of the anal, the seventh ray longest. Ventral inserted behind the base of the pectoral, the outer ray longest, reaching midway between its origin and the anterior anal rays ; origin of ventral nearer to that of anal than to tip of mandible. Gill-rakers short and stout, 7 on the lower branch of the anterior arch, the anterior the longest, 3-9 in the eye-diameter and 1-4 in the longest gill-fringes. Silvery, the upper parts tinged with yeflow ; each scale above the lateral line with an obscure darker central spot, forming longitudinal bars, which follow the contour of the back ; below the lateral line are five series of much larger oblong brick- red spots. Naked parts of head pale ohve or grayish green. Posterior dorsal spines and all the rays except the last with a narrow oblique blackish basal spot ; caudal QUEENSLAND FISHES. Plate XXIII. a, o " >> ^ O c? Face page 86. ON SIX NEW OB BABE QUEENSLAND FISHES.— OGILBY. 87 -edged and tipped with dusky ; a blackish spot in the axil of the pectoral, {darn- leyense, belonging to Damley Island.) Described from four specimens, measuring from 145 to 222 millim., collected at Darnley Island by Dr. J. R. Tosh. Reg. No. of type in Queensland Museum, 1.13/1074. POMACENTRIDiE. GLYPHISODON LacepMe 1802.* GLYPHISODON PALMERI sp. nov. (Plate XXII, fig. 2.) Depth of body 1-66 to 1-7, length of head 3-4, of longest dorsal ray 3 to 3-15, -of longest anal 3-15 to 3-25, length of caudal 2-7, of pectoral 2-7 to 2-75, of ventral 2-55 to 2-8 in length of body. Depth of peduncle 1-65 to 1-7, length of snout 3 to 5-2, diameter of eye 3-2 to 3-25, width of interorbit 2*8 to 2-9, longest dorsal spine 1-55, longest anal 1-55, middle caudal rays 1-45, length of ventral spine 1-66 in length of head. Body elevated, the dorsal contour evenly arched from the nape to the middle 'Of the soft dorsal, beyond which it descends somewhat abruptly to the peduncle ; ventral contour as evenly but more deeply arched from the isthmus almost to the peduncle, the depth of which is 3-4 in that of the body. Head one fourth deeper than long, its upper profile linear and strongly acclivous, forming an obtusely rounded angle with that of the nape. Snout short, much broader than long, rounded ante- xiorly, its length one tenth more than the eye and a trifle less than the strongly con vex interorbital width. Cleft of mouth small and obhque, the maxiUary extending to sKghtly beyond the vertical from the nostril, which is on a level with the middle of the eye and nearer to it than to the tip of the snout. Teeth in a single series, l)road, compressed, and incisor-like, with the cutting edge emarginate ; free tip of tongue rounded. Infraorbital ring narrow, its depth below the middle of the eye 4, that of the preorbital 2-7 in the eye-diameter, which is 1-15 in that of the inferiorly rounded cheek. Scales in 28 transverse series between the angle of the opercle and the root of the caudal, in 18 horizontal series between the base of the dorsal and the vent, 5 of which are above the lateral line ; cheek-scales in 4 series ; infraorbital ring scaly throughout its entire length ; scales of upper surface of head extending forward to iDetween the nostrils, leaving the rest of the snout and the lower jaw naked. Lateral line with 20 or 21 tubular scales, ceasing below the middle of the soft dorsal, the * I am unable to accept Forskal's Abudefduf, both because of its manifest barbarity, and because I cannot believe that a writer so enlightened, and so far in intellectuality beyond his immediate colleagues, ever intended that it should be used generically ; but rather employed it as a stop-gap until ho should decide on a more suitable name, similarly as other Arabian vernacular names were used by him. (See Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 1902, pp. 606-7). I am authorized to state that Mr. McCulloch is in perfect agreement with me on this point. 88 MEMOIRS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. tubes profusely branched, and, except a few posteriorly, not extending to the border of the scale ; accessory scale of ventral long and lanceolate, longer than the eye- diameter. D. xiii 14 ; A. ii 14 ; P. 19. Last dorsal spine longest, 1'66 in the fifth and longest soft ray ; length of soft portion of fin 2-05 in that of the spinous, its outer border acutely pointed, extending to above the middle of the caudal fin. Caudal forked, ^^^th broadly rounded lobes, the middle rays 1*85 in the upper and longer lobe. Anal fin conterminous with the dorsal, the second spine as long as or longer than the last dorsal spine and 1'66 in the sixth and longest ray, which, though as high or nearly as high as the soft dorsal, does not reach so far back. Pectoral fin one fourth longer than the head, the fourth ray longest, reaching to the tenth or eleventh body-scale. Ventral nearly as long as to a little longer than the pectoral, the outer ray produced, extending nearly to to slightly beyond the origin of the anal, and twice as long as the spine. Gill-rakers 5 + 12, rather short and stout, the inner margin spinulose, the longest 3'5 in the eye-diameter and 2*2 m the longest fringes. Upper surface of body plumbeous or greenish gray, shading gradually on the sides into the silver-gray of the belly, many of the scales above the lateral line with a more or less conspicuous silvery spot or vertical bar ; body with seven black cross - bands, the first from the nape to the axil of the pectoral ; the second from the bases of the first and second dorsal spines, behind the base of the pectoral, to the abdomen ; the third from the fifth and sixth spines beneath the third quarter of the appressed pectoral ; neither of these two cross the ventral surface ; the fourth from the ninth and tenth spines below the tip of the pectoral to the vent, these three encroaching on the dorsal fin ; the fifth between the last dorsal spines and the anterior anal rays ; the sixth between the last dorsal and anal rsijs, on both of which it extends ; and the last and least conspicuous, which forms a complete ring round the peduncle immediately in front of the caudal fin, and is chieflj^ noticeable as two black pre- caudal spots, the one on the upper the other on the lower edge of the peduncle. Head and throat like the back, with scattered silvery spots and bars, which some- times, especially below, almost obhterate the ground color. Iris dark blue. Dorsal, anal, and ventral fins black, with the base and, in the case of the two former, the produced raj^s lilaceous gray, as also are the caudal and pectoral fins. (Named for my friend IMr. James Palmer, chief of the telegraph station at Bulwer, M.B.,* and one of my best and most enthusiastic collectors.) Total length to 170 millimeters. Range {as at present determined) : — Moreton Bay and its immediate neighbour- hood. * The Moreton Bay Telegraph Station has just lately been removed from Bulwer to Cowan Cowan, and I seize this opportunity to wish Mr. and Mrs. Palmer all happiness and success in their new home, which will, let us hope, prove as fertile a collecting ground as that, which they have now left. QUEENSLAND FISHES. Plate XXII. D. B. Fry, del. Fig. 1. — Amia nematacantha Ogilby. Drawn from Type : 2| Nat. Size. Reg. No. in Q.M. : I. 13/1273. Fig. 2. — Glyphisodon palmeri Ogilby. Drawn from Type : | Nat. Size. D.B.Fry,del. Reg. No. in Q.M. . I. 13/1059. Face page 88. ON SIX NEW OE JRAEE QUEENSLAND FISHES.— OGILBY. 89 Described from two specimens, 160 and 170 millim. in respective length, taken at Bulwer, Moreton Bay, by Mr. James Palmer. The larger, which I have selected as the type, is in the collection of the Queensland Museum, Reg. No. I. 13/1059 ; the smaller, a.topotype, in that of the A.F.A.Q. The only other specimen of which I have any definite knowledge is in the Australian Museum, Sydney, and of tliis McCulloch, in answer to a letter in which I forwarded a copj'" of the above description, writes — " The third is 50 millim. long from Caloimdra. It is certainly your fish, and Waite also called it G. bengalensis ?" . In an earlier part of the same letter he says, of three specimens in that collection — " The largest, about 130 millim. long, is named G. affinis Giinther, and is from Batavia. It is part of the Day collection and was originally labeled G. sordidus, which it is not ; I do not laaow who determined it as affinis, but it agrees with the description of that species. It is weU represented by Bleeker's figure, which he calls G. bengalensis, but is quite different from Day's figure of this last species. The second is 65 millim. long, and is from Sweer's Island, Gulf of Carpentaria. I have little doubt that it is the young of the other though the positions of the fifth and sixth bands are a trifle different, being more like your sketch. Waite determined it as G. bengalensis ? " From all this it is clear that there was considerable doubt in Waite 's mind as to the identity of the three Australian Museum specimens, at which perhaps little wonder need be expressed, considering the confusion wliich evidently exists between the identifications of Giinther, Bleeker, and Day. It is plain that the Moreton Bay fish needs only to be compared with three species — Glyphisodon septemfasciatus Cuvier & Valenciennes,* G. bengalensis Bloch,t and G. affinis Giinther,^ the type locaHties of which are respectively " ITsle de France," " East Indies," and " China." Leaving aside the difference in the pattern of coloration, wliich applies equally to all three species, the first may be at once dismissed because of its much shallower body, larger head (4 to 4-25 in total length, fide Bleeker and DajT-, as against 4*6 in my type), the much larger naked area on the upper sur'ace of the head, as described by Giinther but not as figured by Bleeker, which more closely approaches to that described above, the pointed caudal lobes, etc., etc. From the G. bengalensis and G. affinis of Giinther's Catalogue our species differs among other characters in the much narrower infraorbital ring and the larger number of scales in a transverse series. In the former character it is more in agree- ment Avith Day's figure of G. coelestinus and Bleeker's of G. bengalensis. As a matter of fact these three authors have between them so inextricably confused the trans- versely banded glyphisodonts that a critical examination of numerous specimens from various localities has become urgently necessary. * Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 1830, p. 463. t Ausl. Fisch., pi. ccxiii, fig. 3. J Brit. Mus. Catal. Fish., iv, 1862, p. 41. •90 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. ICHTHYOLOGICAL NOTES. By J. Douglas Ogilby. DuBmG the past year a number of fishes have been forwarded from Damley Island by Dr. J. R. Tosh, among which are the six followmg additions to the Austrahan fauna : — 1. Nebrius concolor Riippell. This is useful as a confirmation of Macleay's record of its occurrence at Port Moresby, N.G. (v. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, vii, p. 597). 2. Platophrys PANTHERiNtrs (Riippell). It is strange that no record of the presence of this fish in Australian or Papuan waters has hitherto been made, since it is apparently common at Damley Island, whence we have received six examples. 3. Amphiprion bifasciatus (Bloch). One specimen. 4. Eleria tala (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Two young fishes. 5. Salarias alboapicalis Ogilby. Two beautiful examples, one adult (75 milhm.), the other half -grown. 6. Lethrinus harak (Forskul). The only previous Australian record is the curt " Aus Sydney " in the Reise Novara, Fische, p. 81 ; as it has been shown that a number of species in that work were wrongly attributed to that locaHty, this record should be viewed with distrust. For the following six Damley Island is a new record : — 1. Carythroichthys intestinalis (Ramsay). Previously recorded as C. ■waifei from Cairns Reef, Cooktown, N.Q., by McCulloch (v. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, XXXV, p. 307). 2. Cromileptes altivelis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Previously collected by McCulloch at Cairns Reef. 3. Kyphosus cinerascens (Forskal). Recorded from Torres Strait as Fachymetopon squamosum by Macleay (Ibid,, v, p. 407). 4. Decapterus rtjssellii (Riippell). A fine specimen gave me the chance •of comparing the Moreton Bay fish, previously recorded as " Decapterus ? lepto- ■somus Ogilby (List Edib. Fish. Moreton Bay, p. 2) ; and I am now convinced that, while differing from the latter, both specimens are identical with the former, and probably with Caranx ecclipsifer de Vis. (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ix, p. 541). ICHTHYOLOGICAL NOTES. 91 5. Amblygobius phal^na (Cuvier). Recorded from Murray Island by McCuUoch (Ibid., xxxvi, p. 347), 6. Valenciennea longipinnis (Bennett). Previously recorded and figured by Waite from specimens collected by Hedley at Green Island, Cairns. (Rec. Austr. Mus., iv, p. 271, pi. xliii). A small but highly interesting collection was also received from Capt. McDonald, who had collected them at Thursday Island. The following species are worthy of inclusion here : — 1. Tylosurus caudimactilatus (Cuvier>. Not hitherto recorded from Queensland, the only other Australian record being " Port Darwin" by Macleay (Ibid., ii, p. 363). 2. PoLYDACTYLUS MULTIEADIATUS (Giinthcr). Two small polynemids differ- ing from all the other Australian members of the family in the forward position of the anal fin, wliich originates in advance of the soft dorsal. As they agree fairly well with Giinther's description of the above species, I wrote to ]Mr. Tate Regan asking him to examine the type, a badly mounted specimen, as to this character. This he very kindly and promptly did, with the result that he wrote me that, so far as it was possible to judge from the state of the specimen, this was the case. We may, therefore, congratulate ourselves on the rediscovery of this Chinese species, of which so little was previously known. 3. Priopis MARiAJsrus (Gunther). Two specimens ; thus extending its range so far north from the Mary River. 4. Trichitjrus hatjmela (Forskal), A beautiful specimen, which enables me to add this fish to the Australian famia with certainty, previous records being open to doubt. Note on the Australian Trichiuri. — The first record of the occurrence of a Trichiurus in Australian waters was made by Macleay in 1878 (Ibid., p. 354), when he notices a specimen of T. savala collected by Spalding at Port Darwin ; three years later he adds T. haumela from " Port Jackson and Newcastle (Ibid., v, p. •524). This identification, however, is incorrect, Macleay being unaware of the presence of a third species on the coast of New South Wales. This fish, which is most erratic in its appearances, was subsequently described as T. coxii by Ramsay & Ogilby (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, xii, p. 562), and to it Macleay's T. haumela record properly applies. No further reference to these fishes is made in any Aus- trahan work until 1893, when Kent (Great Barrier Reef, p. 288) referred to specimens of both T. savala and T. haumela as having " been contributed to the Queensland Museum." What is probably the former of these specimens is now on exhibition there and was obtained in Moreton Bay, but the specimen of T. haumela can not be found. 92 MEMO IBS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. The following eight species also claim recognition for one reason or other : — 1. Anchovia setirostris (Broussonet). A specimen is in the Queensland Museum collected at Cooktown by the late Mr. Kendal Broadbent. 2. Zenarchoptertts dispar (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Three specimens, labeled " Torres Strait," are in the same collection. 3. Sphyr^na NOViE-HOLLANDiiE Giinther. One specimen from Moreton Bay. 4. Trachichthys australis (Shaw). One from Pimpama Island, M.B. 5. MiONURUS GiLLii Steindachner. This species may be added to the already long list of cheilodipterids which carry their eggs in the mouth ; two examples thus engaged were sent from Eidsvold hy Dr. T. Bancroft. 6. AcAJiTTHOCLiNiJS LiTTOREUS (Forster). The State Museum is indebted to Mr. J. L. Bond for a specimen collected in Moreton Bay. It had been previously obtained at Masthead Island by both McCulloch and Longman. 7. C^ESio c^RTJL AUREUS (Lac epede). Notuncommonon the Snapper Grounds, off Moreton Bay, where it is known as the " Fusilier." 8. RuPELLiA ECHiNOCEPHALA (Riippell). Originally described from the Red Sea, this curious little fish was next recorded from the " China Seas" by Dr. Giinther (Brit. Mus. Catal. Fish., iii, p. 35), and subsequently from Bowen (Fische d. Sudsee, p. 174, pi. cviii, fig. D). The writer collected a specimen on Nor- West Islet in 1910, and Longman obtained some fine specimens on Masthead Island two years later. 9. Lactophrys REiPUBLiciE. Tliis name is proposed for the Australian three-angled ostracionid. Ostracion concatenatus Bloch is a synonym of the East Atlantic 0. triqueter Linnaeus, described originally from one of Plumier's drawings, its habitat being " Les Antilles," as we are told by Bonnaterre. The following Devisian species have come into notice during the year : — 1. Sphyr^na strenua (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, viii, 1883, p. 287) is 8. obtusata Cuvier & Valenciennes, as also I think is S. lineata Stead (Edib. Fish. N. S. Wales, p. 47, pi. xv). 2. Dactylophora semimaculata (Ibid., p. 284) is Cheilodactylus nigricans Richardson (Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850, p. 63) and C. nehulosus Klunzinger (Arch. f. Nat., xxxviii, i, 1872, p. 24). It is also identical with Psilocranium coxii Macleay (Ibid., viii, p. 440), De Vis' genus, however, stands as it predates Macleay's by a few months. The correct name is, therefore, Dactylophora nigricans (Richardson). 3. Chcerops perpulcher (Ibid., ix, 1884, p. 877) is C. cepJialotes Castelnau (Res. Fish. Austr., 1875, p. 39), as also is C. hodgJcinsoni Kent (Great Barrier Reef, p. 296, pi. xv, fig. 2 — much too highly colored). Correct name Choerodon cepJialotes (Castelnau). ICHTHYOLOGICAL NOTES. 93 4. Chcerops olivacetjs (Ibid., p. 876) is C concolor (Ibid.) and C. unimacu- laius (Ibid., p. 877), not of Cartier 1873. Correct name Clioerodon oUvaceus (de Vis). 5. Ch(erops graphicus (Ibid., p. 878) is Sparus anchorago Bloch (Ausl. Fisch., V, p. 108, pi. cclxxvi). Correct name Choerodon anchorago (Bloch). 6. Chcerops venustus (Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, i, 1885, p. 147) is a valid species. This is the fish described by me as Choerops ommopterus Richardson (Proc. Zool. Soc, 1889, p. 158 & Edib. Fish. N. S. Wales, p. 130). Correct name Choerodon venustus (de Vis). 7. Chcerops albigena (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ix, 1885, p. 876). This may be a gcod species, but it approaches very closely to i>a6nts macroc^ow^ws Lacepede (Poiss., iii, 1802, pp. 451 & 522), from which it differs only in the absence of a posterior canine and the coloration as given by Macleay. Correct name Ghmrodon albigena (de Vis). 8. Tetraroge bellona (Ibid., p. 460) is Coitus australis Shaw (in White, Voy. N. S. Wales, 1790, p. 266). Correct name Centropogon australis (Shaw). 94 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. NOTE ON PORTHEUS AUSTRALIS, A. S. Woodward.* By H. a. Longman'. In response to a series of letters sent out by the Director, the Queensland Museum has recently received several new collections of fossils. Two of these are of exceptional interest, as they represent Teleostean fishes of which, so far, only very fragmentary or distorted remains have been found. These specimens have been kindly forwarded by Mr. S. Dunn from Lower Cretaceous beds near Hughenden in the vicinity of Flinders River. The larger specimen was forwarded Avith one lateral surface almost completely covered with a matrix of fine hard limestone, in which were lying several Inoceramus shells, whilst on the reverse side was exposed a large conical tooth. Fortunately we were able to cut away the matrix to a great extent, and the maxillee and dentaries were exposed. As a result we have no hesitation in identifying our specimen with Portheus australis, A. S. Woodward, the type of which came from the same district, and which, through the courtesy of Mr. B. Dunstan, Queensland Government Geologist, we have had an opportunity of examining. Mr. R. Etheridge, junr., has described under the name of Ichthyodectes marathonensis\ another specimen from an adjoining locality, which he says " bears a very suspicious resemblance " to Portheus australis. But Mr. Etheridge 's species was described from a skull " crushed from above down- ward." in which the premaxill^ and anterior teeth are missing. He expressed the opinion that Portheus australis possibly could be referred to the allied genus Ichthyodectes, in which the anterior teeth are not enlarged. Our example is of some interest because it contains remains of both upper and lower anterior teeth, which are relatively very large. The maxillae exposed in this specimen are barely 51/4 inches in length. The right side exhibits remains and alveoli representing about twenty-four teeth, a part being still obscured by the hard matrix. Owing to the abrasions of the upper surface of the right maxilla and the consequent partial exposure cf the alveoli, it would be difficult to estimate the real length of the teeth above the oric:inal margin. In their present state the larger teeth in the middle of the maxilla are 15 mm. in length, whereas the exposed part of the lowei* anterior tooth is much more robust and is 20 mm, * Woodward — Ann. Mag, Nat. His., ser. 6, xiv (1894), p. 444, plate x, figs. 1, la. t Records Au.s. Mus., vol. vi, pt. i, p. 5 (1905) plates i & ii. NOTE ON POETHEUS AUSTBALIS, A. S. WOODWABD.— LONGMAN. 95- Kemains of two upper teeth are shown in the matrix in the region of the pre- maxillee. One of these is very stout, the oval section being 7 mm. in diameter. Our specimen thus confirms the original generic classification of the type. The Family Saurodontidcu having been restricted by Crook to the genera Saurocephalus,. Harlan, and Saurodon, Hays, these specimens should be placed in the Family IcJithyodectidcc, Crook.* Our specimens show several of the bones of the head in fair condition, the longitudinal crest being well marked. In the posterior upper portion of the fossil remains of several vertebra? may be distinguished. Comment on these and other features must be left for more expert hands. In the second specimen received from Mr. Dunn, the jaws are more fragmentary, and the dentition does not contain the anterior teeth. It is hoped that further examples from the same district will be shortly available, in order that duplicates of these interest- ing fishes may be secured for other institutions. * Zittel — Textbook of P.alseontology, vol. ii, 1902, p. 95. 96 MEMOmS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUGEUM. SOME FIELD NOTES ON QUEENSLAND INSECTS. By Henry Hacker, F.E,.S. Order HYMENOPTERA, Family SPHECID^. Sphex (Isodontia) nigellus, Smith.* — The recorded habits of members of the genus Sphex show much similarity. They have generally been found to make underground burrows terminating in a chamber, in which they store different kinds of insects as food for their young. This season I had an opportunity of observing something of the economy of Sphex nigellus, and can record a remark- able difference from the usual habits of wasps belonging to the genus. This species utilises for nests old beetle burrows in posts and dead trees, which it closes b}^ stopping tightly with grass-seeds. On several occasions while examining posts full of old disused tunnels, which had evidently been made by some beetle, I had noticed that a number of the holes had been recently used by some other insect which had stopped them up with grass-seeds, leaving tufts protruding about a quarter of an inch. I did not connect this fact with the wasp until some time later, when Professor Skertchly brought to the Museum part of a large log similarly affected. This block was cut in two, one piece being left intact with the intention of breeding out the insects. The other piece was chopped up, thus exposing the tunnels. The section of a tunnel when exposed gave one a good insight into the methods of this wasp. In nearly every instance the tunnels were found to curve downwards from the entrance for about half their length, the rest of the distance being nearly horizontal ; the average length was from three to four inches. The egg was evidently laid at the extreme end of the tunnel, a space large enough for the metamorphoses of the insect being left there. In this space also was stored the provisions (consisting of spiders) for the larva. The remainder of the tunnel was packed with grass-seeds, which were loosely packed at first, but got tighter as the entrance of the tunnel was reached. The grass-seed used by this wasp for the purpose of plugging the entrance to the tunnel is Andropogon pertusus, Willd. (Queensland Flora, vol. 6, p. 1863), which it skilfully manages to place with all the axillary ends directed inward, leaving the plumose ends protruding like a brush. Taking into consideration the shape of- the seeds, and the fact that the wasp had to push them in from the outside, this was the only method by which it could plug the hole tightly. This arrangement made the tunnel quite * The insects mentioned in this paper are exhibited in the Insect Court at the Queensland Museum. SOME FIELD NOTES ON QUEENSLAND INSECTS.— HACKER. 97 impregnable against the attacks of enemies from the outside, whilst it enabled the mature wasp inside to push its way out without much difficulty. Most of the tunnels exposed by splitting the log contained either a larva or a pupa. In two instances tunnels contained a fully developed wasp ready to emerge. In some of the tunnels, however, the matured insect had already emerged. In these cases a small quantity of loose grass-seed remained in the part where it had been packed loosely, while the entrance was quite open. From this I concluded that the insect, in order to escape, had forced its way past the loosely packed seeds and pushed out bodily the tightly packed plug at the entrance. R. E. Turner states*— " This species seems to occur throughout Southern Asia and also in West Australia." It would be interesting to know if this insect has a similar economy in Asia, or whether it has acquired the above habits only in Australia. The Director of the Queensland Museum is indebted to Professor Skertchly for drawing his attention to these insects in the first place. SUPERFAMILY VESPOIDEA. Family POMPILID^E. Pseudagenia Camilla, Turner. — A number of the clay cells of this species were obtained in Victoria Park, Brisbane, on May 24th. They were all attached a few inches above the ground to the sides of large stones where the slope was sufficient to give them shade and shelter. Most of the cells were placed singly. In some eases there were two and three together, fastened side by side, but never more than three. They were oval in shape, 14 mm. long and 7 mm. broad, being very neatly and symmetrically made with small pellets, which gave them a granulated appearance. On opening one of the cells it was found to contain a pupa enclosed in a thin transparent skin. The wasps emerged between the 6th and 12th of June. They eat a small circular hole in the end of the cell just large enough to enable them to escape. After emerging, they rest for a few minutes on the outside of the cell, but soon become very active, running and flying about the jar in which they were confined. This wasp is easily identified by the shape of the elypeus, which is produced at the apex into a long blunt tooth. This character at once separates it from the other species of the genus. Family THYNNID^. During last season I paid special attention to the wasps belonging to the above family, the total number collected in the Brisbane district being seventy- five species. Out of forty species which have been examined by R. E. Turner, * Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1908, p. 467^ ' G 98 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENHLASV MUSEUM. twelve species, or 30 per cent, of them, were new to science. The remainder liave not yet been identified. The majoritj^ were taken on various flowering shrubs, the most attractive flowers being Leptospei'nmm jlavescens, Leptospermum scoparium, Bccckea virgata, and Lomatia silaifoUa. One species of Thynnid, Ariphron petiolatus, Sm., according to my experience, seems to be exceptional in that it does not frequent flowers to the same extent as the other species. Out of twelve specimens taken during the season, one male was caught on the wing, one male and female were caught in copulation on the wing, four pairs were taken in copulation on the trunk of a standing dead tree, and one male only was taken on flowers. An interesting fact which I have observed regarding the history of these wasps is that a number of the small and medium-sized species are double-brooded, and the point may assist in throwing some light on the earlier stages of these insects. Thynnoturneria cerceroides, Sm., Bliagigaster unicolor, Guer., Thyn- noides fidvipes, Guer., Lestricothynnus sp. new, and three undetermined species were taken on Leptospermum flowers in September, and greatly to my surpise the same seven species were again captured at the end of April, a number of them being in copulation on flowers of Bccckea virgata, which, owing to the unusually wet summer, was then flowering for the second or third time. The fact that a number of this late brood were taken in copulation shows that they were newly emerged and not stragglers from the spring brood, and I am further of the opinion that tliis proves that the hosts are double-brooded also. SuPERFAMiLY ICHNEUMONOIDEA, Famili' EVANID^. Megalyra fasciipennis, Westwood. — This usually rare insect was captured around Brisbane in four different localities during last season. At Tambourine Mountain, on October 23rd, several females were taken flying round the trunk of a standing dead tree in a newly burnt ''clearing." Another female was taken on October 28th (on a fallen tree) at Morningside, near Brisbane. On the occasion of a fortnight's collecting trip on Stradbroke Island during December, both sexes were caught on some grey gums felled the previous year. At Kelvin Grove during the first week in January, a capture of both males and females was made on trees cut down four months previously. During the Stradbroke trip, being desirous of obtaining a good series of this curious insect, I visited the same logs every day for eight days, but did not see any females although the males were plentiful. On the ninth day, however, the females appeared, and afterwards were as numerous as the males. One female was observed with her ovipositor wedged so tightly in a crevice in the bark that there was no difficulty in catching her without the aid of a net. SOME FIELD NOTES ON QUEENSLAND INSECTS.— HACKEE. 99 On chopping into the log several larvse and pupce of a Longicorn Beetle were found, which were ascertained by breeding out to be Phoracantha recurva, Pascoe. It is fairly certain that the female Megalyra was ovipositing in one of the beetle larva? when captured. SuPERFAMiLY PEOCTOTRYPOIDEA. Aphanomerus rufescens, Perkins.* — This wasp is parasitic in the eggs of the Homupterous insect Colgar pcracuta, Walker, belonging to the family Fulgorid^. The host is a common insect in our fields and gardens, and lives upon a number of different trees and shrubs. Its egg capsules are disc-shaped, pale green in colour, and are firmly glued to the underside of the leaves; the side nearest the leaf being flat, while the outer side is convex. There are usually between forty and fifty eggs in each capsule. The eggs are ovate-oblong, with a carina at each end extending longitudinally for about one-third of the length. These carinjB split when the eggs hatch, making elongate openings through which the young nymphs escape. The parasite, however, does not emerge through the longitudinal carina as does the rightful occupant, but eats a, small hole in the side of the eggshell. There appear to be several broods of Colgar peracuta in the course of a year, but, judging from the few scattered observations which were made, I am inclined to think that the parasite only attacks eggs belonging to the winter hrood. Last June and during the early part of July the parasites were observed in numbers on the underside of Canna leaves. A few were seen walking about the leaves, but the majority were in groups, quite stationary, in the immediate vicinity of small clusters of the Fulgorid nymphs. These nymphs were seen at the same time on the underside of the leaves. Towards the middle of July the nymphs had become adults, and the parasites had entirely disappeared. No more parasites were seen until June of the following year, w^hen they again occurred in numbers under similar conditions. We are indebted to Mr. A. A. Girault for his kindness in the identification of the parasite. Order COLEOPTERA, Family TENEBRIONID^. Byrsax macleayi, Pascoe. — In November, 1912, while collecting insects on Tambourine Mountain, I came across some large dead fungi of the genus Polyporus attached to a fallen tree. On breaking a piece it was found to contain several beetle larvge. These were not minutely examined at the time, but it was noted that they were white, shining, semi-transparent, short, stout, and about the size of a pea. They were scattered through the fungus, each larva * Bull. Agricultural Exp. Stat. Hawaii, i, p. 202. 100 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. being isolated in its own chamber or cavity. A tin was filled with pieces of the fungus, and was examined at intervals on subsequent occasions. On February 3rd, 1913, one of the beetles emerged, and it was found to be a peculiar fungus-beetle, Byrsax macleayi. The rest of the fungus was then broken up and several specimens of the same species were obtained. They were all fully developed, although each individual was confined to its own cavity. A few, however, were rather soft and of a reddish brown colour, evidently only just having changed from the pupal state, but no pupa? were seen. There was a quantity of excrement in the form of fine dust in each cavity containing a beetle. "While extracting the beetles a fully developed specimen of a beetle (near, if not a Pylus) of the CleridfB was obtained in one of the Byrsax cavities. As the fungus had been kept in a tin with a tightly fitting lid since it was obtained, it seems probable that the Clerid was predaceous upon the Byrsax larv^. And as the majority of species of the Cleridce are known to be predaceous upon other insects, finding this specimen actually in the cavity formed by a Byrsax makes it almost certain that it does feed upon that species. Order NEUROPTERA, Family ASCAPHALID^. Stilbopteryx costalis, Newman. — This remarkable insect, which is the largest representative of the family, occurs on Stradbroke Island, and may be captured in numbers in December, when one is acquainted with its habits. They appear on the wing at sunset and can be seen until it becomes too dark to distinguish anything. They fly strongly about fifteen to twenty feet from the ground, just clearing the tops of the bushes and stunted trees, evidently catching other insects on the wing in the same manner as do the Odonata. This Ascaphalid, however, differs considerably in its method of flight from that of a Dragonfly. It does not attempt to swerve, or change its course suddenly, but continues very swiftly in a straight line. The best method to effect capture is to attach the net to a long stick, and when one is seen approaching to suddenly raise the net, holding it up in its line of flight. If the distance has been judged correctly, the insect will fly straight in, as it seems incapable of making a sudden swerve. R. J. Tillyard (to whom we are indebted for the identification of the above insect) informs me that it is widely distributed from Cape York to the Blue Mountains, and also in South-western Australia, and that it is very variable. He also says: '' This insect, together with a Brazilian species, form together the subfamily Protascalaphinne, distinguished by their large size and short antennse. Some authors still regard them as Myrmelionidce, but the truth is that they are an archaic group standing near the base of the phylogenetic stem out of which both Ascalaphids and Myrmelionids arose." AUSTEALIAN HTMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, I.—GIBAULT. 101 AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA-I. SUPPLEMENT.* By a. a. Girault. The following additions have been made. Family TRICHOGRAMMATIDiE. CH^TOSTRICHINI. Genus NEOBRACHISTA Girault. 1. NEOBRACHISTA NOVIFASCIATA Girault. Female. Differs from the type species in being more robust and the abdomen has but three transverse black stripes, the second of which is interrupted at the meson. Also, the thorax has a distinct median sulcus. In fasciata, there is a median groove on the scutellum only. HaMtat : 'Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest, 1,500 feet. Type : No. Hy 1597, Queensland Museum. 2. NEOBRACHISTA FASCIATA Girault. A. NEOBRACHISTA FASCIATA NIGRIVENTRIS new variety. Female: — Like the typical forms but the abdomen wholly black, accented into three or four broad black stripes evenly distributed over the surface, that is, equally distant from each other. The difference is a striking one when viewed with a lens but structurally the two agree as far as I could make out and I hesitate to pronounce the difference as one of specific value. Described from one freshly mounted female captured by sweeping forest on the footliills of the coast range of mountains, July 9, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1598, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. Genus UFENSIA Girault. Differs from JJfens in having the abdomen conic-ovate, the ovipositor inserted at its base and very distinctly exserted for a third of the abdomen's length. The twisted funicle separates the genus from Japania. The type is the following species. * See Vol. I, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, pp. 66-116. 102 MEMOIES OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 1. UFENSIA PRETIOSA Girault. Female. Genotype. Black. Head and base of abdomen centrally, orange yellow; occiput black. Legs black, the knees, tips of tibias and tarsi white; hind tibiae nearly all white. Wings hyaline. Hind wings with three long rows of discal cilia. Marginal cilia of fore wing very short. Habitus of Ufens. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1173, Queensland Museum. Genus UFENS Girault. Subgenus PARUFENS Girault. The antennae bear two (apparent) ring-joints; the funicle 1-jointed, much wider than long. Type: The following species. 1. PARUFENS ARGENTIPES Girault, Female. Genotype. Black; knees, most of front tibiae, tips of other tibijB and first two tarsal joints silvery white. "Wings hyaline. Vertex orange yellow. Hind wings with three lines of discal cilia, the caudal one faint. Habitat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1599, Queensland Museum. The genus Ufens has but one ring-joint, the funicle 2-jointed and longer than the pedicel. Genus JAPANIA Girault. This genus has but one ring- joint. Genus ABBELLA Girault. Synonyms: B rachistella GiraAjlt; Jassidopthora Perkins. The genus bears two ring-joints. 1. ABBELLA MIR A Girault. Female. Differs from subflava in bearing a larger substigmal spot, a short oblique line ol discal cilia from the stigmal vein and the fore wing is nearly completely crossed by the substigmal spot. Habitat: Townsville, Ayr, Nelson and Stewart's Creek, Q;ueensland, Forest. Type: No. Hy 1272, Queensland Museum. The specimen of subflava formerly recorded from Townsville was this species. A female was taken at Nelson, N.Q., August 31, 1913, in forest. AUSTBALIAN ETMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, I.—GIBAULT. 10.3 2. ABBELLA XANTHOGASTER GJrault. Proserpine and Ayr, Queensland. 3. ABBELLA SUBFLAVA Girault. Halifax (Ingham), Queensland, February, 1913 by sweeping margins of roadway adjoining cane. 4. ABBELLA IMMACULATA new species * Female : — Length, -70 nun. Like mira but the abdomen without markings (in 7nira the abdomen has three distinct black spots do^Ti each side, larger caudad; these were mentioned in the original description of that species and are very distinct, the last two forming cross-stripes) ; also the substigmal spot does not cross the wing and there are four irregular setee in the short oblique line of cilia from the stigmal knob. Antennal club dusky. Male: — Not known. Described from a single female captured by sweeping low vegetation in the forest, on the side of Mount Pyramid (about 500 feet), November 21, 1911. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1600, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide (mounted with a female of Triclio gramma australicum) . Genus OLIGOSITA HaHday. 1. OUGOSITA PULCHRA Girault. In grass, Cromarty; on window, Ayr, Queensland. 2. OLIGOSITA GROTIUSI new species. Female. Oligosita hilaris Perkins, in Part I., p. 82. The specimen upon which this species is based differs too much from the original description of hilaris to be that species and it is quite distinct if Perkins's description is correct. The species lacks the terminal seta of the antenna as in fuscipennis. Hahitat: Torres Strait. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1601, Queensland Museum. 3. OLIGOSITA POINCAREI new species. Female: — Length, 0-62 mm. Usual in size for the genus. Golden yellow marked with sooty; substigmal spot present, distinct; abdomen yellow except at distal third beneath, above at distal third or more with about three dusky * Magnification of this and other species as previously. 104 ME:iIOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. transverse stripes more or less confluent; wings subhyaline; longest marginal cilia of fore wing a little over half tliose wings' greatest width; antenna? ending in the usual large seta; funicle joint slightly shorter than the pedicel; discal ciliation of fore wing distinct, about eleven lines, mostly regular. Substigmal spot short. Funicle joint longer than proximal club joint. Head, meso- and metapleura, coxte and distal half or more of hind femora sooty or duskj^ Legs otherwise ta"\ATay. Antennse dusky. Cephalic part of scutum dusky. Allied with aiirea but the fore wings are broader, less densely ciliated, the cilia shorter, all the coxa? black; the fore wing is really obscurely, slightly infuraated, somewhat distinctly so under the submarginal vein proximad of the bend from which there projects a short blackish dot; no distinct stripes. Male: — ^Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest along the foothills of the coast range, July 9, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Dedicated to Jules Henri Poincare. Edbitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1602, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide (with the type of Encarsia justitia Girault). PSEUDOLIGOSITA new genus. Female: — Like Oligosita Haliday but the fore wings broader, their marginal cilia short and the pedicel and funicle joint of the antennae are elongate, the funicle joint twice or more longer than wide. Mole: — Not known. Type: The following species. 1. PSEUDOLIGOSITA ARNOLDI new species. Genotype. Female: — Length, 1-00 mm. Robust for the family. Orange yello^7, the wings hyaline; pedicel and funicle subequal; fore wings with about fifteen lines of discal cilia, the lines more or less irregular; longest marginal cilia of fore wing less than a sixth the wing's greatest widtli. Hind wings with one long midlongitudinal line of discal cilia and a second half to three quarters complete one at the cephalic margin. Abdomen with about six black cross-stripes. Legs and antennge concolorous. Described from one female on a slide in the collections of the Queensland Museum, labelled " Sweeping undergrowth, mostly eucalyptus, April 16, 1913. H. Hacker." Haiitat: Brisbane, Queensland. AUSTBALIAN HTMENOPTESA CHALCIDOIDEA, I.—GIEAULT. 105 Type : No. Hy 1603, Queensland Museum, the foregoing specimen. The species is dedicated to Matthew Arnold. The characteristic of the genus is really the short marginal ciliation of, the fore wing which so far is not known to intergrade; that is to say, species of Oligosita heretofore known have never failed to have the ciliation long and here its shortness is correlated with antennal peculiarities. I must, therefore, consider the genus distinct until it is known to the contrary. Genus CENTROBIELLA Girault. 1. CENTROBIELLA MAGNA new species. Male: — Length, 1-05 mm. Large and robust for the family. Deep golden yellow, the wings hyaline, the sides of thorax and five conspicuous stripes across the abdomen from base to tip, jet black, the first three stripes of the abdomen fused in the dorsal aspect centrally. Llarginal and stigmal veins conspicuously blackened, the stigmal knob enlarged and round, somewhat as in the Megastigminre but more rounded. Genitalia conspicuously exserted. Tibial spur of intermediate legs long, straight and slender, as long as the proximal tarsal ioint of these legs which is moderately long. Differs from female miiUerum in its much larger size, the blackened marginal and stigmal veins, the enlarged stigmal knob, the greater development of the intermediate tibial spur and in bearing five abdominal stripes, the fifth one in mulierum being obscure, repre- sented by a spot at extreme apex; from the male of the same species in the same characters and also in having the conspicuously banded abdomen (merely darkened toward tip in male mulierum). Funicle joint longer than wide, stout. Cephalic tibial spur very short and straight. Fore wings not very distinctly infumated proximad. Female: — Not known. Described from one male captured by sweeping grass and foliage in forest, August 5, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1604, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. OPHIONEURINI. Genus LATHROMEROIDES Girault. Differs from Turnidiclava Girault in having the abdomen very long and tubular, the club not much swollen and not terminating in a seta, the thorax 106 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. with a median sulcus, the discal eiliation of the fore wing normal, dense. Hind wings with five lines of discal cilia. Two ring-joints. Ovipositor exserted for about a seventh the length of the long abdomen. Type: The first species following, 1. LATHROMEROroES LONGICORPUS Girault. Female. Genotype. Bright golden yellow; a black dot under stigmal vein. Legs pallid yellow, antenna3 somewhat dusky. Habitat: Proserpine, Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Ey 1271, Queensland Museum. 2. LATHROMEROIDES FASCIATIVENTRIS Girault. Female. Differs from the preceding in having four or five black stripes across the abdomen. Antennce with two ring-joints. Also the body is stouter, the wings broader and the general coloration somewhat lighter, pale lemon yellow. HaMtat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Ey 1605, Queensland Museum. There are certainly two ring-joints in fasciativentris while only one is recorded for the type species. A careful re-examination of the latter \\'ill be necessary to decide how many there are in the genus. The types of the two species should be carefully compared. Later, through the kindness of Dr. R. Hamlyn-Harris, I was enabled to do this; there are two ring-joints in both species. Genus APHELINOIDEA Girault. 1. APHELINOIDEA HOWARDH Girault. Ayr, Queensland. Genus TUMIDICLAVA Girault. 1. TUMIDICLAVA CILIATA Girault. Proserpine, Queensland, sweeping grass in an open jungle pocket, November. Genus LATHROMEROIDEA Girault. I captured a female of the type species by sweeping in the forest at Nelson, June 8, 1912. The antennge bear two rather large ring-joints, the first of the five club joints shortest. The Australian members of the family appear to inhabit the forested country, rather than that of the jungle. AUSTBALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, II.—GIEAULT. 107 AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA-II. SUPPLEMENT.* By a. a. Girault. The following additions concerning the Australian fauna have been made. Family MYMARID^. OOCTONINI. Genus OOCTONUS Haliday. 1. OOCTONUS SAINTPIERREI Girault. Female. Differs from australiensis Perkins in bearing a long abdominal petiole. Congeneric with Cosmocomoidea morrUli Howard. Black, the wings without pattern; legs deep orange yellow, also scape; first coxte black. Longest marginal cilia of fore wing a little less than a third of the greatest width. Funicle joints longer than wide, not very unequal, joints 2, 3, and 5 subequal and longest ; joint 1 shortest but longer than the pedicel. Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Jungle. Type: 'No. Hy 1563, Queensland Museum. Genus CAMPTOPTERA Foerster. 1. CAMPTOPTERA GREGI Girault. Female. Differs from the single North American and European species in having the first funicle joint abruptly shorter than the second, not long and nearly subequal to the second as in those two species but less than half its length and distinctly shorter than the pedicel. The abdomen is paler. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type : No. Hy 1343, Queensland Museum. GONATOCERINI. Genus COSMOCOMOIDEA Howard. This genus has 5-jointed tarsi and agrees with Ooctonus Haliday but the long marginal vein is not mentioned as a characteristic of the latter genus. Besides, the males of Cosmocomoidea have 11-jointed antennse. * See Vol. I, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, pp. 117-175. 108 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 1. COSMOCOMOIDEA RENANI Girault. Male and female. Differs from the type of the genus, the North American morrilli Howard, in being black, the flagellum uniformly black, the wings more conspicuously and differently fumated, larger size, in having joints 4 and 5 of the funicle longest and in lacking a distinct abdominal petiole, the abdomen merely tapering at base. The male has 13-jointed antennge and resembles the female in coloration. A large mesoprfescutum is 7/0^ present. Eabitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1563, Queensland Museum. Differs in the female from Cosmocomoidea Howard in bearing a subsessile abdomen and in the male by bearing 13-jointed antennoB. The longer marginal vein differentiates it from Gonatocerns Nees and the sessile abdomen from Ooctonus Haliday and also probably the long marginal vein. The scutum has a median groove. 2. COSMOCOMOIDEA GROTIUSI (new species).* Female: — Length, 2-00 mm. Similar to renani but the ovipositor is slightly exserted and the fore wings differ in pattern ; thus the first band under the marginal vein is distinct, the second band is also more distinct, black and midway between apex of vena- tion and apex of blade; the third is absent, thus the distal part of the blade is clear ; the wings are also smaller and less densely ciliate. The scape has a broad yellow band across it, the first three funicle joints are silvery white on one distal corner, the three shortest and not much, unequal. Male: — Not known. Dedicated to Hugo Grotius. Described from one female captured July 4, 1913, by sweeping in forest (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1564, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. This species doubtfully belongs here but unfortunately I neglected to examine the thorax before mounting it in balsam. Gonatocerus saintpierrei, spinozai, hicolor and mirissimus also doubtfully belong here, especially the first and last. A mesopraescutum was thought to be present. All are Gonatocerus. * This and following specimens magnified with f-inch objective, 1-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb. AUSTRALIAN ETMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, II.—GIBAULT. 109' Genus ALAPTUS Haliday. Synonym: Parvulinus Mercet. 1. ALAPTUS ANIMUS Girault. Female. Closest to neivtoni Girault from which it may be distinguished by the longer antennal club which is subequal to the funicle in length and the darker body coloration, the pale funicle contrasting with the dark club. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type : No. Hy 1289, Queensland ]\Iuseum. 2. ALAPTUS MACCABEI Girault. Female. Alaptus immaturua Perkins, partim, in Girault, ante, 1912. Like immaturus Perkins but the body much darker and the line of cilia- tion on the disc of the fore wing is much longer, extending from apex proximad to venation. It may be merely a variety of immaturus. Habitat: Nelson and Herberton, Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1290, Queensland IMuseum. Genus AGONATOCERUS Girault. Differs from Gonatocerus Nees in being very small and in bearing 13- jointed antennae, the funicle 10- jointed. The scutum has a median grooved line. Female, Type, the following species. 1. AGONATOCERUS HUMBOLDTI Girault. Female. Genotype. Dusky brown, the base of abdomen golden yellow, the wings hyaline; antennae and legs somewhat darker, the basal half of scape pallid. No discal cilia under venation of fore wing. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1565, Queensland Museum. Genus GONATOCEROIDES Girault. Published as a subgenus of Gonatocerus Nees, but now considered as a genus. Differs from Gonatocerus in bearing 10-jointed antennae. Type, the following species. 1. GONATOCEROIDES AUSTRALICA Girault. Female. Genotype. Dusky brown, knees, basal three joints of tarsi, first femora and tibife pale yellowish. Wings hyaline. Fore wings broad, bearing about thirty-three lines of fine discal cilia. Fourth funicle joint longest, the third joint decidedly longer than either joints 1 or 2, nearly as long as the pedicel. First femora duslry beneath proximad. Habitat: Ayr, Queensland. Forest. Type : No. Hy 1273, Queensland Museum. 110 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Genus GONATOCERUS Nees.* 1. GONATOCERUS COMPTEI Girauit. Fresh specimens of this species show a large arrow-shaped fuscous spot in the lateral aspect of the abdomen at distal half. The dark markings are variable. Proserpine, Queensland, November, 1912, by sweeping grass in forest. Males. Also at Quingilli in September, same conditions. 2. GONATOCERUS SPINOZAI Girauit. Male. Similar to the female but the abdomen transversely striped dorsad w^ith six black stripes, the propodeum purplish black. Funicle joints 2-4 and 9-10 subequal, longest, each about thrice longer than wide, joint 8 being shortest. Antennas 13-jointed. Habitat : llack, the abdomen orange reddish ; scape and pedicel lemon yellow, also all of legs except the fuscous tibia^. First funiele joint longer than the pedicel or joint 2 of the funiele, subequal to joint 3. With the faeies of Cosmocomoidea and thus the thorax should be examined for a mesoprgescutum. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1293, Queensland Museum. 8. GONATOCERUS FASCIATIVENTRIS Girault. Male. Differs from -goethei Girault in coloration and in bearing broader fore wings. Yellow, the abdomen with six black stripes across dorsum. Fore wings of the broader type. Funiele joints only about one and a half times longer than wide. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1294, Queensland Museum. 9. GONATOCERUS BRUNOI LYELLI Girault. Male. Like the typical forms but the abdomen above at distal third distinctly banded with narrow golden yellow stripes, the wings very dark. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1295, Queensland ]\Iuseum. 10. GONATOCERUS DIES Girault. Female. Jet black. Face, parts of scutum and the knees obscure golden yellow. "Wings hyaline, broad. Base of abdomen more or less obscurely yellow. Like Uelmliolizii but the fore wings are noticeably less densely ciliate, the ciliation coarser and the ovipositor is plainly exserted for a length equal to a fourth that of the abdomen. Habitat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1566, Queensland Museum. 112 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 11. GONATOCERUS SAINTPIERREI Girault. Male. Very large and with the facies of Cosmocomoidea. Jet black. Fore wings with a midlongitudinal, subcj'lindrical fuscous stripe from near apex proximad a little more than half way to the marginal vein. Fore wings broad. Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Jungle. Type: No. Hy 1567, Queensland Museum. 12. GONATOCERUS LOMONOSOFFI Girault. Female. Jet black and like nox but smaller, the fore wings of the broader type yet not wide, the antenna with the first three funicle joints short and subequal, the fourth only a little longer while the fifth is plainly twice longer than the third. Discal cilia absent under the marginal vein or nearly. Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1568, Queensland Museum. 13. GONATOCERUS MIRISSIMUS new species. i^emaZe:— Length, 2-25 mm. Very large for the family. Black, the abdomen red and thus coloured like bicolor from which it differs in bearing a conspicuous black, uniform, longitudinal stripe down the middle of the wing from apex a little more than half way to apex of the venation. Thus also allied with saintpierrei Girault but the stripe on the fore wing of the latter very muph fainter and narrower, its outlines obscure. Structurally very similar to bicolor. Like saintpierrei in wings and legs (structure). Legs rich brown, the cephalic coxaB black. Male: — Not known. From one female captured by sweeping in jungle, June 14, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Several days later, June 16, another female was captured in the same place ; in this specimen the dorsum of the abdomen and its tip were black. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1569, Queensland JMuseum, the above specimen on a slide with the type of Gonatocerus saintpierrei Girault. 14. GONATOCERUS TRICOLOR new species. Male: — Length, about 1-50 mm. Large for the family. Black, the abdomen and scape orange yellow and thus like bicolor but the fore wings are distinctly broader, equal to those of saintpierrei; besides the orange abdomen this species differs from saintpierrei in having the fumation of the wings spread all over the blade distad of the venation excepting the caudal and cephalic margins which are clear two thirds the way to apex from the distal end of the marginal vein. Parapsidal furrows complete ; mesoprcrscutum apparently absent; scutellum long as the scutum, flattened. Joints of antennal funicle at least twice longer than wide. AUSTRALIAN EYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, II.—GIBAULT. 113 Described from one male specimen captured by sweeping along a damp creek, grass, in forest, July 8, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Respectfully dedicated to Hugo Grotius. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1570, Queensland INIuseum, a fore wing on a slide with the type of Gonatocerus hicolor. The single specimen of this species, unfortunately, was lost, only a wing being saved. 15. GONATOCERUS POINCAREI new species. Female: — Length, 2-00 mm. Like mirissimus Girault but scape, pedicel and legs (excepting front coxob), yellow, the abdomen wholly black, the distinct, wide midlongitudinal black stripe of distal fore wing shorter, that is not proceeding to apex but fading distinctly some distance before; also in the middle of the blade farther proximad there is a more or less distinct fuscous spot only narrov;ly connected with the black stripe (in mirissimus broadly connected and not forming a more or less distinct spot) ; also the funicle joints are distinctly longer, the distal joint longer than wide, joints 2 and 3 longest and distinctly over twice longer than wide (in mirissimus the distal joint is quadrate while joints 2 and 3 are distinctly not twice longer than wide). The yellow parts change to orange in balsam. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in jungle, July 13, 1913. Respectfully dedicated to Jules Henri Poincare. Hahitat: Harvey's Creek (Cairns District), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1571, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide with the type of Gonatocerus lomonosoffi Girault. 16. GONATOCERUS MERCES new species. Female: — Length, 0-80 mm. Golden yellow marked with jet black as follows: A flat, hemispherical marking at caudal margin of pronotum across middle, all of scutum except lateral and caudal margins, a large diamond-shaped area on the parapside (nearly joining the next), a smaller triangular area in the vicinity of the axillae (laterad of the cephalic scutellum), the propodeum, a line from one lateral ocellus to the other, three areas on the occiput, cephalic aspect of the head and distal half of abdomen above and hind tibiee. Legs pale yellow. A pattern of black spots on cephalic vertex. Distal two tarsal joints black. Antennre missing. Fore wiug.s hyaline, moderate in width, with about 17 lines of cilia. IMarginal cilia about a fourth the greatest wing width. H 114 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Described from one female captured by sweeping in jungle pocket, July 24, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hij 1572, Queensland Museum, the above female on a slide with the type of Gonatocerus metschnikoffi. 17. GONATOCERUS MAZZININI new species. Female: — Length, 1.50 mm. Black, densely reticulated, the wings hyaline ; mesopraescutum absent ; parapsidal furrows and thorax normal; belongs to the spinozai group and is characterised by the coloration and the antennal structure, the funiele joints being more or less subquadrate but the first like a large ring-joint, distinctly smaller than any of the others, joints 4 and 5 longest, each a little longer than wide, the others subquadrate and more or less subequal to the pedicel ; scape compressed, dilated ventrad, golden yellow along the middle of each side. Wings like those of hicolor. Legs pale lemon yellow except the more or less coloured coxae and the embrowned second and third tibise ; abdomen above at base with slight yellowish, with a distinct but short petiole as in saint pierrei ; ovipositor not exserted. Club over half the length of the funiele. 3Iale : — Not known. Described from one female captured December 24, 1911, by sweeping floor of forest, top of coast range of mountains opposite Double Island (about 1,000 feet). Habitat: Cairns (Double Island, mainland), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1573, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. Itespeetf ully dedicated to Giuseppe Mazzini for his essays, more especially for his " The Duties of Man." 18. GONATOCERUS CARLYLEI new species. Female:- — ^Length, 1.25 mm. About the same as dies but larger, the median line of scutum and the lateral margins of same narrowly and lateral margins of scutellum, golden yellow ; other- wise as in dies except the hind femur is pallid, the hind tibige with a pallid band around them just proximad of middle. Ovipositor plainly exserted for a length equal to a third that of the abdomen (or somewhat less). Proximal third of abdomen plainly yellow. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest, August 23, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Dedicated to Thomas Carlyle. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. T)jpc: No. Hy 1574, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. AUSTBALIAN RYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, II.—GIBAULT. 115 ANAPHINI. Genus ANAGRUS Haliday. 1. ANAGRUS ARMATUS AUSTRALIENSIS Girault. Proserpine, Queensland, November 4, 1912, a female from a window. Genus STETHYNIUM Enoek. 1. STETHYNIUM LATIPENNE Giraidt. Male. Robust for the genus. Differs from all the Australian species in bearing very broad wings, which bear at their widest part about thirty lines of fine discal cilia. From peregrinium it differs in general coloration and in bearing a thoracic median sulcus. Lemon yellowish marked with deep black. Hind wings with about six lines of discal cilia at apex, the longest marginal cilia of fore wing somewhat over half the greatest width of those wings. Habitat: Proserpine, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1274, Queensland Museum. Genus PARANAPHOIDEA Girault. Like Anaphoidea Girault but the ovipositor plainly exserted for half the length of the abdomen. Hind wings broad, bearing about seven lines of discal ciliation. Mesopostscutellum as long as the scutum. Venation as in Stethynium. Cephalic tibial spur not forming a strigil. Type, the following species. 1. PARANAPHOIDEA EGREGIA Girault. Female. Genotype. Black, with a golden yellow pattern; mesopostscutellum golden yellow excepting a prominent, elliptical black marking on each side of the median line and an oblique dash laterad ; scutum at caudal margin golden yellow and mesad with a U-shaped golden yellow marking ; face yellow ; a slender golden yellow line on the vertex runs across the cephalic ocellus from eye to eye, laterad widening caudad and cephalad, leaving in the centre of the vertex two subrectangular areas, before and behind the cephalic ocellus ; margin of axillae yellow and lateral portions of each parapside, irregularly. Distal club joint much longer than proximal. Hahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1291, Queensland Museum. 2. PARANAPHOIDEA PONDEROSA new species. Female: — Length, 1-30 mm., excluding the ovipositor which is exserted for half the length of the abdomen or more. At once distinguished from the type species in being twice larger, in having the cephalic tibial spur forming a strigil, the first funicle joint distinctly longer 116 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. than the pedicel and the different coloration, only the laterocaudal angle of pronotum, the lateral and caudal margins of the scutum and the median line of the latter being bright lemon yellow. Hind femora swollen, the front ones less so, the legs pale yellow. Funicle joints all cylindrical, 2-4 longest but not much longer than any of the others. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, August 12,. 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. II y 1575, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. Genus POLYNEMOIDEA Girault. Habitus of Polynema; venation and wings of Cosmocomoidea but the marginal fringes are long; antennce of Polynema but the club is indistinctly 3-jointed; tarsi 4-jointed; abdomen subsessile, no distinct petiole, no phragma, the ovipositor very long, slender, exserted for a length equal to more than that of the abdomen. Parapsidal furrows complete ; scutellum rectangular, mesopost- scutellum larger than it. Propodeum still longer. Antenna? 11-jointed, the scape serrate beneath. Strigils present. Type, the following species. 1. POLYNEMOIDEA VARICORNIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Black, the first four funicle joints of antennte white, the legs yellowish brown. A stain along the anterior margin of fore wing around the apex and broadly across from the marginal and stigmal veins. First funicle joint much smaller than the pedicel, the next two joints very long, joint 2 a little shorter than 3 and subequal to the club in length. Sculpture fine. Hahitat: Hobart, Tasmania. Type: No. /. 1228, South Australian Museum, Adelaide. 2. POLYNEMOIDEA LINCOLNI new species. Female: — Length, 1-15 mm. Ovipositor not exserted. Pale brownish yellov/, the head, cephalic third of thorax (along pro- and mesonotum) and distal eight antennal segments, black. Fore wings dusky out as far as the apex of the venation and distacl more or less obscurely along each margin. Abdomen dusky yellowish. Second funicle joint longest, more or less equal to the pedicel. Mesopostscutellum with a sclerite back of it much like the postscutellum of a normal scutellum. Otherwise about as in varicornis but the marginal fringes of the fore wing are much shorter. Mandibles bidentate. Male: — Not known. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, II.—GIEAULT. 117 Described from one female specimen captured by sweeping in jungle, July 10, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1576, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide with the type of Anaphcs saintpicrrci. Dedicated to the life of Abraham Lincoln. Genus ANAPHES Haliday. 1. ANAPHES SAINTPIERREI new species. Female: — Length, 0-60 mm. Jet black, Ihe antenna^ and legs sooty, the wings greyish black throughout. Fore wings very narrow, curved and acute at apex, bearing only about six lines of discal cilia, the very long marginal cilia over twice the greatest wing width. First two pairs of legs suffused with yellowish. Parapsidal furrows complete, the scutellum very large, occupying over half of the thorax. Sculpture fine. Hind wings without midlongitudinal cilia. Strigils present. Funiele joints 3-6 subequal and longest, each nearly twice longer than 2, joint 1 very short. A clear spot in middle of fore wing a little distad of venation. Mandibles acutely hidentate. Like the North American smipennis Girault with which I have compared it but the fore wings still distinctly narrower and in sinipennis the second funiele joint is a little the longest. Characterised by the fore wings. Male : — Unknown. Described from a single female captured from the panes of a window in a hotel, July 13, 1913. Habitat: Harvey's Creek (Cairns), Queensland. Tyjje : No. Hy 1577, Queensland IMuseum, the above specimen on a slide with the type female of Polynemoidca lincolni. JlespectfuUy dedicated to L'Abbe Saintpierre. 2. ANAPHES SPINOZAI new species. 2lale: — Length, 1 -00 mm. Slender. Black, the abdomen yellowish at proximal third, the legs, scape and pedicel pale yellow, the funiele and club greyish black. At once characterised by the ■ciliation of the fore wing which is nearly all gathered on the cephalo-distal corner of the blade where it is rather densely arranged in about from seven to eight lines ; on the opposite side near the caudal margin is a straggling line ; elsewhere the blade is practically naked excepting at extreme apex, since the cephalo-distal patch of ciliation extends a short way around the distal margin; fore wing uniformly slightly infumated (cloudy greyish) but distinctly sooty along the 118 MEMOIRS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. distal or apical margin. Longest marginal cilia of fore wing not quite as long as the greatest width of the blade. Joints of funicle about thrice longer than wide, joint 1 paler ; 12 antennal joints but one other certainly missing in the specimen (one antenna half missing, the other with 12 joints present and at least one other missing) . Genitalia exserted. Strigil present. Female: — Not known. Described from one male specimen captured by sweeping miscellaneous vegetation in the town and adjoining country, February 26, 1913. Habitat: Halifax, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1578, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. MYMAEINI. Genus MYMAR Haliday. 1. MYMAR TYNDALLI Giratdt. A female at Proserpine, Queensland, November, 1912, sweeping near a small pond in semi-cultivated field. Male: — The same as the female. Antennae slender, the funicle joints all elongate and subequal but the first joint and the club slightly shorter, each of the funicle joints about two and three quarter times the length of the pedicel. Described from one specimen captured by sweeping in forest August 7, 1913 (A. P. Dodd), at Nelson, Queensland. Genus POLYNEMA Haliday. 1. POLYNEMA DEVRIESI Girault. Male. Similar to draperi and romanesi but differing from both in bearing much coarser discal cilia on the fore wing and in being f errugineous, the distal third of the abdomen black. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1296, Queensland Museum. 2. POLYNEMA MENDELI Girault. Male, female. Like devriesi but the discal ciliation of the fore wing finer, the marginal cilia shorter, not quite as long as the greatest width of the blade. Ferrugineous, the abdomen black. First funicle joint much shorter than the second. The female has a very long, exserted ovipositor and two grooves on the seutellum. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1297, Q;ueensland Museum. Male. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, II.—GIBAVLT. 119 3. POLYNEMA NORDAUI Girault. Female. Black ; first three antennal joints, abdominal petiole, legs except distal half of hind femur and distal tarsal joints, orange yellow. Like longipes but the antennre different, joints 2 and 3 of funicle being long and subequal. Nearly like draperi in wings but the legs are orange, brighter. Possibly the female of draperi but most probably quite distinct. Habitat: Nelson and Meerawa (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1298, Queensland Museum. A female of this species was captured by sweeping in jungle at Meerawa, Queensland, July 26, 1913 and another in a similar habitat at Nelson, July 30 following. 4. POLYNEMA AUSTRALIENSE Girault. Female. Like spenceri but the funicle joints are longer; joint 1 of funicle is distinctly shorter than 3 while joint 2 is six or more times longer than wide; joint 4 is distinctly longer than either 5 or 6. Habitat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1579, Queensland Miiseum. 5. POLYNEMA PAX Girault. Female. Like spenceri but the second joint of funicle plainly over twice the length of the pedicel and the discal ciliation of the fore wing does not disappear prosi- mad. Legs and petiole dusky brown ; joints 2-4 of funicle dusky yellow. A female of this species was captured at Nelson, June 9, 1913, walking over the foliage of Tristania (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Kuranda (type) and Nelson, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1580, Queensland Museum. 6. POLYNEMA POINCAREI Girault. Female. Dark brown, the abdomen and scape black, also the two distal joints of antenna. Fore wings with two jet-black bands across them, the distal one cover- ing the distal fifth of the wing. First funicle joint longer than the scape, the second joint extraordinarily lengthened, subequal to the third which is about, twice the length of the first. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1581, Queensland Museum. On July 30, Mr. A. P. Dodd caught a third female of this extraordinary species by sweeping in a jungle pocket near Nelson. 120 MEMO I US OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 7. POLYNEMA ROUSSEAUI Girault. Female. Like sieholdi Girault but the third funicle joint is subequal to the second and the hind femur is black at distal half, the second tibia with a dusky ring just before tip. Also the large spot on the fore wing is blacker and somewhat farther distad. The second funicle joint is black, the distal three joints of the funicle decidedly shorter, each shorter than joint 1. Also, the fore wings bear a disto-cephalic marginal spot. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1582, Queensland Museum. 8. POLYNEMA FRANKLINI Girault. Female. Like sieholdi Ijut the spot on the fore wing darker, the coxa and petiole orange yellow like rest of the legs ; also the distal three funicle joints are as in rousseaui from which this species differs in the coloration of the legs. Habitat: Nelson (CairnsX, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1383, Queensland Museum. 9. POLYNEMA ZOLAI Girault. Male. Jet black, the wings hyaline. Characterised by the broad fore wings, the longest marginal fringes of which are only about a sixth the greatest wing width. There are only about twelve lines of discal cilia, these latter sparse and practically absent over the proximal half of the blade which is about two and a quarter times longer than broad. A very minute ring-joint is present. Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1581, Q;ueensland Museum. 10. POLYNEMA SPECIOSISSIMUM Girault. Female. Black, the liead, pronotum and mesonotum reddish brown; petiole, coxas, trochanters, first femora and basal half of all tibiee, silvery white; tarsi, scape and pedicel reddish brown, joints 4 and 5 of funicle white. Fore wings marked somewhat as in franklini, but the cross band is very intense jet black and much longer. Joint 1 of funicle two-thirds the length of the second, which is subequal to the third, all three elongate. I HaMtat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1585, Queensland Museum. 11. POLYNEMA SAPPHO new species. Female: — Length, 1-00 mm. Black, the pedicel, first funicle joint (more or less), tibiae (except distal two thirds of hind tibial , petiole, tarsi except distal joint, coxas except cephalic •ones and trochanters yellowish. Differing from nearly all Australian species AUSTEALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CRALCIDOIDEA, II.—GIEAULT. 121 •of the genus so far known by bearing, besides a transverse blackish stripe across somewhat distad of the middle (much over its own length from the venation, the stripe subquadrate and faded along the cephalic margin, brown not jet black), on the fore wing an ovate dusky spot distad in the cephalo-distal corner of the blade. Discal cilia rather sparse, absent under the venation and for some distance distad from it (out as far as the cross band) ; longest marginal cilia equal to two thirds the greatest wing width. First funicle joint a little longer than the pedicel, a little over half the length of the second which is longest, the third a fourth shorter than the second, the sixth shortest, ovate, the fourth a little shorter than the first, a little longer than the fifth. Scape simple. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping jungle growths along a forest streamlet, June 18, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1586, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide with the type of Folynema speciosissimum Girault. This species is closely allied with rousseaui Girault which also has the distocephalic spot on the fore wing ; however, in that species the second and third funicle joints are of equal length, the fore wings wider (about sixteen lines of cilia, only about eleven here) and the first funicle joint is longer in rousseaui. Also, in the latter, the scape, pedicel and first funicle joint are all uniform in color. 12. POLYNEMA NOTABILISSIMUM new species. Female: — Length, 1-50 mm. Large and striking. Like poincarei, that is the wings with two jet-black bands, but differing as follows: Firstly, it is jet black, only the pedicel and first two funicle joints of the antenna and the legs (except coxas and distal tarsal joints) are orange yellow. Secondly, the appendages are less slender ; in the antennae the first three funicle joints are not so long and the third is longest, distinctly longer than the second, which, however, is long; the club is normal, that is large and ovate, the distal funicle joint not apparently a part of it and much narrower than it ; also the distal three funicle joints are much shorter, the distal joint shortest, subequal to the pedicel. The extraordinarily lengthened proximal tarsal joints in poincarei are replaced here by still long ones but not half as long as those of the species named. In the fore wings the pattern differs in that the clear band between the two black bands is not subequal to the length of the distal band as in poincarei but narrow and only about a third the length of that band and distinctly less than the length of the proximal band (distinctly longer than it is in poincarei). Abdominal petiole pale yellowish. The species less robust than poincarei, the wings shorter and not so broad. Third and fourth funicle joints only dusky, the other joints distad black. 122 MEMOISS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in jungle, June 10, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Little Mulgrave River near Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1587, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide with Polynema poincarei Girault. 13. POLYNEMA GROTIUSI new species. Female: — Length, 2-90 mm., exclusive of ovipositor which is exserted for a length equal to nearly half that of the abdomen. Polished black, the line of fovete near apex of scutellum present ; pronotum as long as the scutum which bears complete parapsidal furrows. Over distal half of petiole silvery white. Scape, pedicel, joints 1, 4, and 5 of funicle, much of first femora, knees and the tarsi yellowish or reddish brown. Club about twice the length of the distal joint of the funicle, the joints of the latter elongate, 2 and 3 subequal, longest, each somewhat over twice the length of joint 6 ; joint 1 a little longer than joint 4 which is slightly shorter than the club, a third shorter than 3. Fore wings very broad, with about thirty-four lines of discal cilia, their marginal cilia short, the longest only about an eighth of the greatest wing width. Fore wings darkened distad of the venation. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping the foliage along a jungle path, July 13, 1913. Habitat: Harvey's Creek, Cairns District, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1588, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 14. POLYNEMA DARWINI new species. Female: — Length, 1-20 mm. At once distinguished by the fore wings which are hyaline but with a distinct disto-cephalic spot; this spot is larger and more distinct than the one in rousseaui or sappJio and round. Black, polished, the foveate line across the long scutellum obscure, made of fine, scattered punctures. Legs black, knees, front tibias and all tarsi whitish. Scape, pedicel (except above) and first funicle joint pallid, the following one or two joints dusky pallid, the club and last two funicle joints black ; funicle 4 distinctly longer than 5 or 6, slightly shorter than 1 ; joints 2 and 3 of funicle nearly equal, long, 2 a little the longer, about a third longer than 1 which exceeds the length of the pedicel. Fore wings with about from 12-14 lines of discal cilia, their longest marginal cilia somewhat over two thirds the greatest wing width. Scape simple. Male: — ^Not known. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEBA CRALCIDOIDEA. II.—GIBAULT. 123 Described from a single female captured by sweeping forest growths, November 3, 1912. Habitat: Proserpine, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1589, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide with the type female of P. grotiusi Grirault. Dedicated to Charles Darwin. 15. POLYNEMA HAECKELI new species. 31ale: — Length, 1 -50 mm. Like fravMini and sieholdi but differing in that the stripe across the fore wing is deeper than in the former and the hind femora and tibise black, the intermediate tibias dusky. Legs otherwise orange yellow. Scape and pedicel dusky pallid, the rest of the antenna black. Funicle joints over thrice the length of the pedicel, thus longer than with the specimen described as the male of sieboldi (which has the hind femur blackish at tip). Female: — Not known. Described from one male captured bv sweeping jungle in a gorge, Julv 26, 1913. Dedicated to Ernst Haeckel, HaftiYai: Meerawa (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1590, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide with the type of lodgei, described next. 16. POLYNEMA LODGEI new species. Female: — Length, 2-00 mm. Black, the legs brown, black at tip of hind tibia^ ; pedicel and joints 1, 4 and 5 of funicle yellowish, the scape darker, joints 2 and 3 of funicle brownish black, joint 6 and the club jet black. Of the build of grotiusi but at once distinguished from all the species of the genus in bearing fore wings like those of Gonatocerus mirissimus Girault but the broad, longitudinal black stripe does not extend half way to the venation. Discal ciliation arranged in about from 28-30 lines, disappearing some distance out from the venation, the longest marginal cilia short, only about a fifth or sixth the greatest wing width. Second funicle joint longest, a fourth or more longer (that is distinctly longer) than the third, the first distinctly longer than any of the three distal funicle joints, longer than the pedicel, a little over half the length of the scond joint. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in jungle bordering a stream in forest country gradually verging to jungle, July 26, 1913. 124 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Habitat: Meerawa (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1591, Q;ueensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide with the type of haeckeli. This truly remarkable species, a striking example of the development of a similar wing pattern in unrelated genera, is respectfully dedicated to Sir Oliver W. Lodge for his part in the development of a difficult part of human psychology, namely, that relating to telepathy and prevision. 17. POLYNEMA FRATER new species. Alale: — Length, 0-60 mm. Exactly like draperi Girault but the fore wings like those of nordaui ; also on the scutellum there is a pair of setigerous spots at proximal third or so which are closer together than are the straight parapsidal furrows at apex; in draperi, a similar pair is as far apart as the curved furrows are at apex (caudal margin of scutum) ; in nordaui, the hind femur is black distad but more than this nordaui seems to differ in that there is a pair of minute setigerous dots at cephalic margin of scutellum at the meson which nearly touch each other. (Antenme missing.) Described from one male taken by sweeping grass and sedges in a boggy meadow inhabited by Fandanus, July 17, 1912. Female: — The same. Second funicle joint much the longest, a third longer than joint 3, while 4 is very short, subequal to 1, distinctly shorter than 5 or 6 which are distinctly shorter than 3 and the pedicel. From one specimen captured in the forest at Nelson, August 12, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Hahitat: Ingham and Nelson, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1593, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide with a female of P. pax Girault ; a female with the type of zolai. 18. POLYNEMA MENDELEEFI new species. Male: — Length, 1 -40 mm. Exactly similar to zolai but somewhat more robust and differing in the structure of the fore wings. Thus in this species these organs are more densely ciliate bearing about 20-22 lines of discal cilia, the latter are distinct (indistinct in zolai) and normal and extend plainly farther proximad, in fact three fourths the way from apex to venation (only about half way in zolai) ; also the marginal cilia of the fore wing are longer, somewhat more (the longest) than a fifth the greatest wing width. Cephalic tibiee yellow. Female:— Not known. AUSTBALIAN HYMEN OFTEEA CRALCIDOIDEA, II.—GIBAULT. 125, Described from a single male specimen captured by sweeping foliage in a jungle pocket, July 30, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Respectfully dedicated to the Russian chemist who propounded the periodic law in chemistry. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland, Type: No. Hy 1593, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide, with two other species of the same genus. 19. POLYNEMA ZANGWILLI new species. Male: — Length, 1-30 mm. Like zolai but the scape and pedicel yellowish, the legs orange yellow, except hind legs which are brownish ; also the fore wings bear longer marginal cilia, the longest of which are plainly half the greatest width of the blade while the latter bears at least twenty lines of discal cilia, the latter tolerably dense and uniform. Tlie line of fovese across scutellum absent. Female : — Not known. Described from one male captured bv sweeping in forest, December 2, 1912. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1591, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. DIAGNOSTIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF POLYNEMA HALIDAY. Males and Females. I. Fore wings hyaline but more or less patterned, either with an extra- ordinarily conspicuous black or brown cross stripe, or two such stripes, or else with a dusky cross stripe, or a cross stripe and a spot or simply a disto-cephalic spot; or else there is a broad black longitudinal stripe from the apex. 1. Fore wings extraordinarily striped with broad fuscous or jet black ; large, appendages elongate. Fore wing with only one conspicuous broad black stripe across it ; antennaa ringed with white. Black ; head, pro- and mesonotum reddish brown ; petiole, coxae, trochanters, front femora, proximal half of all tibiaa, silvery white; tarsi, scape and pedicel reddish brown; joints 4 and 5 of funiele white. Joint 1 of funicle two thirds, the , length of joint 2, which is subequal to 3, all three elongate s'peciosissimumGiraxiM: Fore wing with two conspicuous broad black stripes across it ; antennae not ringed with white. 126 MEMOIES OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Eeddish brown, the scape, two distal antennal joints and abdomen black; joint 1 of funicle longer than the scape, joint 2 extraordinarily lengthened, twice the length of 1, subequal to 3. Distal funicle joint as wide as the club and two thirds its length; space between wing stripes distinctly longer than the proximal stripe . . . . . . . . poincarei Girault Black; pedicel and first two funicle joints and the legs orange yellow; joint 3 of funicle longer than joint 2; distal funicle joint not as wide as the club, not apparently a part of it ; space between wing stripes narrow, distinctly shorter than the proximal stripe notahilissimum Girault 2. Fore wings hyaline but with an inconspicuous dusky stripe or a stripe and a spot; usual in size, the appendages more normal. Fore wings with but a single large dusky spot or stripe, extend- ing across the wing or nearly, somewhat distad of the venation. Species black, the legs mostly yellowish. Legs all yellow. Distal three funicle joints as long or longer than joint 1; dusky stripe of fore wing less conspicuous; petiole and coxa) pallid . . . . . . . . . . - ■ • • sieboldi Girault* Distal three funicle joints all somewhat shorter than joint 1 of funicle; stripe of fore wing darker; coxae and petiole orange yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . franTclini Girault Hind femora and tibiae black. Dusky stripe of fore wing still darker (male) . . . . . . haecJceli Girault Fore wings the same but the stripe darker and there is a disto- cephalic marginal spot. Species black, the legs yellow or blackish. Legs orange yellow, the hind femora and tibiao black (the latter along distal half); funicle joints 2 and 3 subequal; fore wings with about 16 lines of discal cilia . . . . . . rousseaui Girault Legs marked with dusky blackish excepting front tibiao and all tarsi; funicle joint 3 a fourth shorter than 2; fore wings with only about 11 lines of discal cilia . . . . . . sappho Girault 3. Fore wings hyaline but there is a distinct disto-cephalic fuscous spot. Legs somewhat as in sappho; joints 1 and 4 subequal or nearly, 5 and 6 distinctly shorter; joints 2 and 3 subequal . . darwini Girault 4. Fore wing with a conspicuous broad black longitudinal stripe from apex along distal third. Black, the legs brown, the antennas more or less varicolored, the second funicle joint distinctly longer than the third, the first distinctly longer than 4, .5 or 6, the latter not as wide as the club and much shorter than it ; marginal fringes short . . lodgei Girault II. Fore wings without a pattern, at most irregularly, uniformly or obscurely dusky, no distinct stripe or spot upon them, usually hyaline. * The type male of this species has the first joint of the hind tarsus distinctly shorter and the hind femur black at tip (as regards the female type). AUSTEALIAN EYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, II.~GIEAULT. 127 1. Body wholly black (excluding appendages). Fore wings narrower, their longest marginal cilia plainly as long as their greatest width or at least over half their greatest width. Fore wings with only about 11-12 lines of discal cilia; marginal cilia as long as the greatest width of the wing. Legs uniformly pale yellow ; parapsidal furrows curved ; cephalic pair of setigerous spots on scutellum as far apart as the furrows at apex draperi Girault The same, but wings less uniformly ciliate and as in nordaui: cephalic pair of setigerous spots of scutellum closer together than the parapsidal furrows at apex . . . . . . . . f rater Girault Legs orange yellow, the distal half of hind femur black . . nordaui Girault Fore wings with about sixteen lines of discal cilia; marginal cilia from a half to three fourths the greatest width of fore wing. Legs orange yellow and the scape and pedicel. Fore wings moderately slender (male) romanesi Girault Coxgo and femora concolorous, rest of legs pallid yellow except dusky on the tibiso; ciliation of fore wing disappearing proximad; distal three joints of funiele subequal, joint 2 only about four times longer than wide. Fore wings moder- ately broad spenceri Girault The same but joint 4 of funiele distinctly longer than joints 5 or 6; joint 2 about six times longer than wide .. .. australiense Girault All legs, except tarsi, dusky brown; ciliation of fore wing not disappearing proximad; joints 2-4 of funiele dusky yellowish. Fore wings moderately broad . . . . . . pax Girault Fore wings with about twenty lines of discal cilia, broad, the marginal cilia not more than half the greatest width. Scape not asperate. Hind legs brownish, others orange yellow; foveate line across scutellum absent ; like colai in habitus (male) . . . . sangwilli Girault Fore wings with about twenty-four lines of very dense and fine discal cilia; scape asperate beneath, sculptured. Legs intense orange yellow; first funiele joint in female elongate reduvioli Perkins Fore wings broader, broad or very broad, their longest marginal cilia short, not exceeding a fifth of the greatest wing width. Fore wings broad, their marginal cilia a fifth or sixth of the greatest width. Fore wings with only about twelve lines of discal cilia which are absent half way out from venation and scattered and indistinct distad ; legs black except tarsi, knees and first tibia) (male) zolai Girault Fore wings with about 20-22 lines of discal cilia which are absent only a fourth the way to apex from venation, distinct and normal (male) mendeleefi Girault 128 MEMOIES OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Fore wings very large and broad, their longest marginal cilia only an eighth of the greatest width. Fore wings with about 34 lines of discal cilia which are dense; legs black, tarsi brown; antenna varicoloured, the funicle joints elongate; wings uniformly sooty distad of venation. Species enormous, the largest member of the family . . . . . . . . . . . . • . grotiusi Girault The species grotiusi is obviously related to the first group of species. 2. Body wholly ferrugineous or yellow or partly one or the other (appendages excluded). Fore wings slender. Thorax golden yellow, the head and abdomen black. Marginal cilia a little shorter than the greatest width of the blade. Second funicle joint in male nearly twice the length of the first; in female, ovipositor much exserted, as long as the abdomen . . . . . . .... . . . . mendeli Girault Whole body ferrugineous to golden yellow; marginal cilia somewhat longer than the greatest width of the blade. First funicle joint in male onl}^ slightly shorter than the second, both long, as are also the next three or four joints; female not known . . . . . . . . . . devriesi Girault Genus EUSTOCHUS Foerster. 1. EUSTOCHUS DUBIUS new species. 3Iale: — Length, 1 -20 mm. Jet black, the legs brown, the cox£e and antennte concolorous (except hind coxm). Fore wings sooty, the fumation deepened under the marginal vein in the form of a rather broad fuscous stripe ; discal ciliation absent under venation and for some distance distad, thus giving the appearance of a rather broad whitish stripe across the fore wing just distad of venation, since the hairless area distad of the brownish stripe is lighter than the ciliated area beyond; the same effect also proximad of the brownish stripe. Blade of hind wing uniformly clouded. Discal cilia of fore wing rather dense, the fore wing shaped as in species of Gonatocerus of the graceful type. With the following remarkable structural characters : — Parapsidal furrows complete ; scutellum larger than the scutum, divided across the middle by a distinct suture, the postscutellum deeply divided from scutellum at apex but continuing its outlines and appearing as if the scutellum bore a deep transverse suture before apex ; metathorax long ; second abdominal segment occupying half of the surface, segment 3 only a third shorter than it, the abdomen ovate, its petiole very short, wider than long and guarded by a spine-like prolongation on each side from the second segment of the abdomen; thorax rough, propodeum AUSTEALIAN ETMENOFTEEJ CRALCIBOIDEA. II.—GIBAULT. 129 rugose; axillae normal, net advanced, widely separated; venation much as in SignipJwra ; hind wing petiolate, the blade long, somewhat curved and very broad for a mymarid, at apex obtusely rounded and resembling the blade of an ordinary table knife; antenna filiform, 13-jointed, the pedicel shorter than any of the following joints which are about twice longer than it ; marginal fringes of fore wing short, shorter than those of the hind wing which are distinctly shorter than the greatest width of the blade of those wings ; tarsi 4- jointed ; mandibles delicate, slender, distinctly bidentate, the outer tooth long. Scutellum longitudinally striate. Hind wings with about eight lines of discal cilia; a short row of about seven slender setce under end of venation. Strigil strong. Several very long setse from the venation. Female: — Not known. Described from tAvo specimens captured by sweeping in forest, July 9, 1913 (A. P. Dodd) and by miscellaneous sweeping at Kuranda (F. P. Dodd) in June, 1913. The generic position of this species is of course not certain. It should be compared with Anaphes and allies. Habitat: Nelson and Kuranda (Cairns), Queensland. Types: No. Ily 1595, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. LITERATURE REFERRED TO. 1905. Perkins, E.C.L. Bull. No. 1, Division Ent., Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Honolulu. 1912. Girault, A. A. Aniea, p. 122. 1912. Perkins, E. C. L. Bulletin No. 10, Entomological series, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Honolulu. 130 MEMOIES OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA-III. SUPPLEMENT.* By a. a. Girault. The following additions to the Elasmid/E have been made during the past year. Genus ELASMUS Westwood. 1. ELASMUS FLAVIPOSTSCUTELLUM Girault. One pair, Proserpine, Queensland, November, 1912, sweeping grass in forest. 2. ELASMUS PROSERPINENSIS Girault. Female. Like flavipostscutellum but the abdomen wholly shining black and the legs distinctly more coloured; also the proximal funicle joint is distinctly longer than the pedicel. Mandibles with seven teeth. Habitat: Proserpine, Queensland. Forest. Tyije : No. Hy 1278, Queensland Museum. 3. ELASMUS CYANEILLA Girault. Male. Like cyanmis but the postscutellum has a transverse yellowish stripe across it, the cephalic femora as dark as the others. Fourth funicle joint about twice the length of the club. Mandibles 5-dentate. Habitat: Proserpine, Queensland. Forest. Tyjje : No. Hy 1279, Queensland Museum. 4. ELASMUS MINNEHAHA Girault. Male. Like impiidcns but differing in the coloration of the legs and abdoracn, the band of the latter much broader. Caudal femur black at distal half. Habitat: Proserpine. Queensland. Forest. Type : No. Hy 1280, Queensland Museum. * See Vol. I, Menioiis of the Queersland Mr.s^uin, pp. 170-189. AUSTEALIAN HTMENOPTEFA CHALCIDOIDEA, III.—GIEAULT. 131 5. ELASMUS CAIRNSENSIS Girault. Female. Like flavipostscutelhmi but the orange portion of the abdomen much icnger, decidedly twice the length of the distal black portion. Habitat: Cairns District, Queensland. Type: No. /. 1289, South Australian Museum, Adelaide. 6, ELASMUS DODDI Girault. Female. Like formosus but the scutellum wholly black (except narrowly at middle •of side), the vertex wholly yellow, the tip of postscuiellum black. HoMtat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1606, Queensland Museum. 7. ELASMUS PALLIDICORNIS Girault. Female. Like cyaneus Girault but entirely dark metallic purplish green, only the tip of the scape and pedicel and remainder of antennae being yellow brown. Mandibles 5-dentate. Habitat: Hughenden, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1607, Queensland Museum. 8. ELASMUS KURANDAENSIS Girault. Female Like speciodssimus but lemon yellow, the abdomen deep orange; scutellum wholly greenish ; metallic coloration of the scutum is continued caudad along the meson to the scutellum. Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1608, Queensland Museum. 9. ELASMUS QUEENSLANDICUS Girault. Female. Like formosus but the base of the abdomen with a distinct, moderately Tjroad black stripe across it. Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1609, Queensland Museum. 10. ELASMUS LIVIDUS Girault. Female. Like proscrpinensis Girault but metallic blue-green, the abdomen dark red ventrad except at each end, the cox^e black (hind coxa white at tip), also the femora (hind femur white at base, others toward i"p) ; knees and tibije white; tegulsE eoncolorous. Mandibles with seven teeth. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1610, Queensland ^luseum. 132 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 11. ELASMUS ORIENTALIS Girault. Female. Like pallidicornis but the antennie eoncolorous with the body, the scape pale brown and the cephalic tibia and all knees white; the funicle joints are subequal, all distinctly longer than wide. Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1611, Queensland Museum. 12. ELASMUS MARGISCUTELLUM Girault. Female. Dark metallic green, the distal margins of seutellum and postscutellum margined with lemon yellow; intermediate orange yellow portion of abdomen \sdth a longitu.dinal ro^^' of from 3 to 4 black spots on each side. Mandibles with eleven teeth. Ifa&tYa^; Nelson (Cairns). Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1612, Queensland Museum. 13. ELASMUS IGNORABILIS new species.* Female: — Length, 1-75 mm. At once distinguished by the colour of the abdomen which from above has two rather narrow transverse orange yellow stripes across it at about proximal third and proximal two thirds, otherwise (dorsad) shining black (metallic green proximad of the first transverse stripe). Dark metallic purplish, the abdomen beneath and the legs pale yellow, also the scape ; flagellum and hind coxa3 above eoncolorous or blackish. Mesopostscutellum obscurely lemon yellow. Tarsi blackish. Valves of ovipositor black. Tegula' pale yellow. First two funicle joints subequal, each a little longer than the third which is longer than wide, all longer than the pedicel. Male : — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping along a jungle path, July 13, 1913. Habitat: Harvey's Creek (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1613, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag. 14. ELASMUS SPLENDIDUS Girault. A female by sweeping forest, July, 26, 1913, at Meerawa (Cairns), Queensland. Magnification of this and following species as previously. AUSTEALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, III.—GIEAULT. 133 15. ELASMUS MACULATIPENNIS new species. Female: — Length, 3-15 mm. Robust. Agreeing in all details with the original description of splendidus Girault excepting that the face is lemon yellow below the antenna only, the abdomen is orange yellow and with four black spots between base and tip, the first two joined, forming a cross-stripe, the second two nearly so ; also at tip a rather broad black (metallic) stripe precedes the black at tip; the scutellum is wholly con- eolorous and all of proximal fourth of hind coxa except a small spot at base oJ: upper margin ; the yellow on the pronotum is caudad and just above front coxa ; the antennse the same. Mandibles with five teeth. Characterized principally, however, in bearing on the fore wing a distinct sooty spot distad on the blade which forms a more or less distinct oblique stripe across the blade from beneath the postmarginal and distal half or less of marginal veins. Male: — Not known. Described from a female captured by sweeping in forest, August 2, 1913. Hahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1614, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag (with the type of the variety described next), the head on a slide (with the type head of the variety). Later a second female was found, captured in July. ELASMUS MACULATIPENNIS BIGUTTATUS new variety. Female: — The same as maciilatipennis but the abdomen bears only the two proximal black spots which in this case are small and perfectly round dots. Also th'3 hind coxa is as described for sple7ididus. Described from a female captured with the typical form. Type, see pre- ceding. Subsequently, another female of this variety was found, captured in December, 1912, by sweeping grass along a forest streamlet. 16. ELASMUS STELLATUS new species. Female : — Length, 1 -80 mm. Like nigriscutellum but the scutellum margined all round with lemon yellow : the dorsal half of occiput not black but with only a black loop ascending to meson of occipital margin, the central spot of vertex not connecting laterad with the eyes; there is a black spot on each side of axilla confluent with the latter 's blackness. First ring- joint large, triangular. Mandibles 5-dentate. On the mesoscutum there is a black dot at each side near edge about centrally; extreme cephalic end of pronotum black ; at base of abdomen, the three spots are 134 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. weflgc-shaped, longer than wide. Wings hyaline. At distal third of abdomen, centrally, dorsal aspect, there is a Avedge-shaped black dot. Extreme tip of abdomen black. 31 ale: — Not known. Described from a female captured by sweeping in forest, August 3, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1615, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide with the type head of Elasmus maculatipennis Girault. 17. ELASMUS DIVINUS new species. Female: — Length, 2-75 mm. Slender. Differing from maculatipennis in bearing no yellow^ on the head, only the postscutellum and a spot in front of the tegular (crossing the lateral margin of scutum, directly cephalad of the axilla) being lemon yellow; the whole dorsum of the abdomen is concolorous and the distal fourth beneath. Fore wings characterized by bearing a distinct clavate sooty marking which leaves the distal end of the venation and curves directly caudad along the longitudinal axis of the blade to about the midpoint toward base. This marking appears to be the proximal accented boundary of the slight but distinct and uniform fumation of the blade distad of it. Dark metallic blue ; trochanters, tibiae, proximal half of hind coxfB and femora, distal part of first coxa, white; scape white, the funicle joints equal (each a little longer than first club joint), all much longer than the pedicel; two ring-joints. Scape blotched with dusky along the sides. Mandibles 7-dentate. Described from one female, August 13, 19] 3. Sweeping grass along a streamlet in forest. Hahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1616, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide with the type head of E. uniguttata Girault. 18. ELASMUS UNIGUTTATA new species. Female: — Length, 2 -00 mm. Characterized by bearing on the abdomen a moderately large, black, round spot dorso-mesad a little before tip ; otherwise coloured like serenus but the flagellum is black : black area on vertex wide, leaving the space between it and the eyes a narrow line of yellow; abdomen suffused with reddish; the very short blackish line across base of abdomen accented laterally a short distance down AUSTBALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, III.—GIBAULT. 135 each edge toward tip ; tip of abdomen coneolorous, of the ovipositor valves black. Propodeum black mesially, also the occiput dorsad (mesially). Wings hyaline. Mandibles 5-dentate. Male : — Unknown. Described from one female captured August 5, 1913, by sweeping in forest. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1617, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide, 19. ELASMUS MANDIBULARIS new species. Female: — Length, about 1 -85 mm. Stout. Like cyaneilla Girault but the mandibles about 12-dentate and long, the cephalic tibiae pale brown. Wings hyaline. Funicle joints shortening in succes- sion, the first a little longer than the second, the third longer than the short pedicel and also than the first club joint, somewhat longer than wide. Scape mostly coneolorous. Scutellum reticulated scaly, with only several large set*. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, August 5, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Halntat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1618, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. Later anotlier female was found in the same collection; its body was decidedly greenish rather than bluisli as with the type specimen. However, I could not distinguish between them otherwise. Genus EURYISCHIA Howard. The encyrtid genus mentioned previously (I., p. 176) as bearing elasmid coxae and wings was this genus whose position is undoubtedly correct. I have since described the following species. The tarsi are 5-jointed. The antennae need careful examination, since I believe two ring-joints are present and once suspected three; for several of the Australian species only one is recorded and, I believe, none were found in sumneri. 1. EURYISCHIA SUMNERI Girault. Female. Black-blue with the distal third or more of fore wing embrowned ; scutel- lum finely alutaceous, the scutum the same but clothed with dense, stiff, black bristles. Bristles on proximal part of fore wing as in inopinata Masi. Mandibles tridentate, the inner tooth shorter, broad and truncate. First funicle joint subouadrate. 136 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Habitat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Forest. Type: Xo. Hy 1619, Queensland Museum. The sides of the propodeum in the following species and sumneri (dorsad) are finely reticulated, glabrous mesially ; the large bristles in the wings of sumneri as in inopinata. 2. EURYISCHIA NIGRA new species. Female: — Length, 1-35 mm. Like the following species (nigrella) but the head differently sculptured being very finely circularly striate, in the next species finely scaly ; the mandibles are 3 -dentate but the two inner teeth are formed by the concaved apical margin of a second, broad tooth (same in nigrella). Propodeum glabrous, without a carina. Scutellum hairy but not so densely as the scutum (only two or four long seta^ ill the next species). Antennge missing. Like sumneri but differing appa- rently in the dentation of the mandibles, the more hairy scutellum. Also differing from the next species in bearing but two large equal sette in a longitudinal line centrally in the blade under the submarginal vein (as in inopinata; in the next species there are two parallel rows, each row with 5 or 6 setfe, decreasing notably in size proximad). Discal ciliation from about proximal third of marginal vein, the fore wing uniformly, slightly embrowned throughout, the hind wing hyaline. A little staining around the stigmal vein. Male: — Not known. From one specimen captured by sweeping grass in forest, April 18, 1912. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1630, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, head and wings on a slide (with type of nigrella). 3. EURYISCmA NIGRELLA new species. Female: — Length, 1 mm. Like the preceding species (nigra) but smaller and differing as noted above. Differs from sumneri in mandibular structure, the shorter first funicle joint which is plainly wider than long and in the wings and much smaller size. A single ring-joint is present. Male: — Not known. From one specimen captured with sumneri. Habitat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1621, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEBA CEALCIDOIDEA, III.—GISAULT. 137 4. EURYISCfflA SHAKESPEAREI new species. Female: — Length, 1-10 mm. At once dificering from the preceding species in having a distinct fnmated area on the fore wing somewhat as in inopinata Masi but differing in its shape; fore wing otherwise as figured for that species. Antenna with one (possibly two) ring-joints and at least three funicle joints, the rest missing. The marking on the fore wing is a conspicuous globular sooty brown area appended from the stigma] vein and distal half or more of the marginal, extending nearly across to the caudal margin but fading somewhat before reaching it; its proximal margin is V- or inverted caret-shaped and the discal ciliation proximad is coterminous with that margin; the wing distad of the marking is fumated as usual (as in the preceding species) but just distad of the distal margin of the more deeply infus- cated marking there is a more or less subhyaline path across the wing. At the base of the marginal vein, there are one or two very large cilia or bristles in an oblique caudo-proximal line; close against the venation, the discal ciliation extends proximad same distance nearly to the middle of the submarginal vein and less densely nearly to the base. Pedicel rather long, longer than the three funicle joints Avliich are subquadrate. Mandibles bidentate, the second tooth large, broadly truncate at apex. Costal cell with discal ciliation. Male: — Not known. Described from a female captured by sweeping in forest. May 26, 1912. Habitai: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1622, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 5. EURYISCHIA LESTOPHONI Howard. This species has been recorded from Sydney, New South Wales, as a parasite of Icerya rosce on the plant Grevillea. 6. EURYISCHIA MELANCHOLICA new species. Female: — Length, 1 -50 mm. Like nigra but the scutellum as in nigrella. Distal third or more of fore wing embrowned, darker about the stigmal vein, there the proximal margin of the fumatior. accented to form a rather narrow cross-stripe from the stigmal vein. Scape and pedicel dusky, rest of antenna yellowish; one ring-joint. Male: — Not known. 138 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, August 4, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Txjpe : No. Hy 1623, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide with the type appendages of sJiakespearei. 1. EURYISCHIA UNMACULATIPENNIS new species. Female: — Length, 2 mm. Characterized by bearing on the fore wing a rounded fuscous spot under the stigraal vein ; wholly black, the antennae black ; otherwise as in inopinata except that all of the funicle joints are subequal and wider than long. From Icstoplioni, the spot on the fore wings differs in being up against the base of the stigmal vein instead of being appended from the tip of that vein or nearly (judging from the figure of lestoplioni given by Koebele, 1890). Distal third of fere wing slightly infumated. 31 ale : — Unknown. Described from one female captured among herbage, April 6, 1913 {IL, Hacker). Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland, Type: No. Hy 1624, Queensland ]Museum, the above specimen on a slide. TABLE TO THE AUSTRALIAISr SPECIES OF EURYISCHIA HOWARD. Fore wings witli a large distinct round spot near the stigmal vein. Tlie round sj^ot farther distad, appended from the stigmal knob ; two discal bristles . . . . . . . . . . lestoplioni Howard. The round spot farther proximad, touching the base of the stigmal vein; two discal bristles . . . . . . unmaculatiyennis Girault. Fore A\Jngs with a straight rather narrow strijje across them from the stigmal vein, from thence more lightly embrowned. Like nigra but the scutellum as in sumnerl . . . . . . melancJtolica Girault. Fore wings with a distinct broad fumated area across them near end of venation followed by a subhyaline path. Like inopinata Masi; fumated area globular, appended from the stigma] vein and distal half or more of marginal, its proximal margin inverted caret-shaped; mandibles bidentate; two discal bristles .. .. .. .. shakespearei Girault. AUSTBALIAN HTMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, III.—GIBAULT. Fore wings uniformly embrowned at distal third or more. Fore wing with two rows of bristles under the submargiual vein (10 or more bristles). Seutelliim with only four setis; fore wing slightly embrowned throughout ; head finely scaly . . nigrella Girault. Fore Aving Avith but one row of large bristles under the sub- marginal vein (two bristles). Mandibles tridentate, the inner tooth broad; scutellum with about four setfe; fore wings embrowned uniformly from proximal two thirds to apex . . sumneri Girault. Mandibles bidentate, the inner tooth broad; head finely circularly striate; scutellum with many setae but not as hairy as the scutum; fore wing slightly embrowned throughout nigra Girault. 13^ 1890. LITERATURE REFERRED TO Koebele, Albert. Bull. No. 21, revised edition, Division of Entomology. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., pp. 17, 18, fig. 8. 140 MEMOIJRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA-IV.* The Family Eulophidae with Descriptions of New Genera and Species. By a. a. Girault. INTRODUCTION. Of all the families of -nhat is undoubtedly the largest group numerically of the great order Hymenoptera, this, the Eulophida:-, seems to be the representative one in the Australian fauna, the number of genera and species exceeding thcsa of any other family of the great complex. This paper records but lew of the species but perhaps most of the genera existing to-day on the Australian continent. The groups or tribes established by Ashmead (1904) have been adhered to because they seem to be natural but a large numb6r of new genera have been established more especially in the Tetrastiehina). These genera I believe to be natural groups but for the present they are established especially because it seems necessary to do so in order to avoid that greatest of ditSculties with these minute insects, namely, identification of specific forms. It has been true in the past that identification was thought to be insured by a general- description of the species, omitting the generic characters since these were understood as being present. But this practice has failed signally in establishing identity of species, for the reasons that some species are cai-elessly or otherwise referred wrongfully to genera, others differ somewhat from the generic description and these differences are not pointed out while still others differ in smaller characters, those not included within the descrip- tion of the old genera and not being brought to the attention of the student are, at the time, overlooked. The need and use of revisions show how common and ordinary are the great number of omissions made in descriptions of species and how helpless the student becomes ■when attenuating identification upon these incomjjlete diagnoses. All of these serious difficul- ties will be obviated by this what is called (wrongfully, I think and hope) splitting. The student is forced to be careful, the generic diagnosis is as concise as nature allows, specific characters are readily grasped and any variations from the genotype easily and quickly noted. These are the conveniences afforded by the establishment of these genera. Identifica- tion is the basis of nomenclature. On the other hand, nomenclature is the tool or convenience of classification which is concerned with heredity. The tribes of the Eulophidae seem natural but it is difficult to define natural genera; yet going upon the principle that genera are to species as species are to varieties and so on (that is genera are groups comprised of clusters of species, groups within a group) wc may say that a genus is natural and valid or good when all of its species or groups of species are mutually inclusive and do not vary enough from each other to intergrade with the species of other mutually inclusive groups (or other valid genera). Thus, Tetrastichus Haliday and Aprostoccius Westwood are held to be valid genera differing in but one particular, the number of the ring-joints of the antenna). Blit if there should be found a species of either group in which the number of ring-joints was inconstant, intergrading is established and the two genera must be considered as one, since their inherited structure is the same. This is the principle upon which I have based these genera. In other language they are based upon the constancy (or supposed constancy) of a character or of characters which in turn are ♦ Contribution No. 15, Entomological Laboratory, Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations, Bundaberg, Queensland. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IF.—GIEAULT. 141 an index of blood relationship. I believe that I have thus insured identification of species. As to the genera time and increased knowledge will decide their fate at the which I am not and need not, for the present, be greatly concerned. I am not proud of them, since they are not mine but rather nature's. In work of this kind to escape error is impossible but the enormous number of errors so far made are due largely to one fact, namely, to what may be called piece-work in taxonomy. A systematist scatters his energy and attention over a large field with the idea, though why so I know not, that in so doing he is showing greater ability, sagacity and broadness; he describes a few species here one time, a few there another with the result that, not having an intimate knowledge of genera, these species often become misplaced, the descriptions are illy made and unbalanced and in the end there comes as a consequence that feeling of helpless- ness in regard to specific identities. In dealing with large complexes and in the relationships of orders and higher groups extensive and broad study is necessary but in describing species intensive study is as equally necessary and if variety is needed or desired a group should be taken by itself, studied intensively, advanced as much as possible and when completed left; any other group may then be studied in the same manner as the first. In this way, specific identities will be insured. Some years ago it was the eonmion practice for many systematists simultaneously to describe species in several orders of insects but if these men failed to insure identity, how can a modern systematist hope to do so? Of those men, none are more notable for failure in this respect than Francis Walker. Was he broadening his knowledge by incor- rectly describing species or was he pampering his vanity? He was certainly mistaken and uncjuestionablj^ wasted a large amount of energy and caused an enormous amount of delay; his efforts resulted in impediments. If the idea in describing species is to make them known, intensive study seems necessary; if, however, the motive is otherwise, no study at all is needed, since in the end the purposes are served by merely publishing the new name and designating a type. The descriptions are made for others and the future. The principles underlying taxonomy are the same for all groups. He who knows them for one group knows them for all but is necessarily unacquainted with the kind and scope of variation peculiar to every group of animals and because of the enormous number is incompe- tent to judge of species within them without that insight and knowledge gained from compara- tive and intensive study. A sincere desire to advance our knowledge of specific forms requires intensive study. A desire merely to describe as many forms as possible, whatever the motive, requires none at all. Systematists seem to fail in another respect, a fruitful cause of trouble to the future: too often they are not self-critical. If errors are inevitable, which they seem at present, many could be corrected by their agents. This does not seem the usual practice. An individual may see at least some of his own mistakes much more clearly than others, more especially if h>: is constantly on the alert for them and constantly revising and criticising his own work. An error uncorrected by its author may cause endless trouble in the future. Ii'rankness and more explanation in regard to changes made, a feeling of greater responsibility tu the future, greater sincerity, less egotism and vanity and much more thought for clear, intelligible and accurate work, these in themselves, will produce tremendous advances in our knowledge of specific forms. Systematic work is fundamental; the descriptive part of it by no means comprises its scope. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. In the preparation of this paper I have been greatly aided by my wife who has, in the absence of unobtainable clerical assistance, copied out nearly the entire manuscript. 142 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Subfamily ENTEDONIN^.* Tribe ENTEDONINI. Genus ENTEDON Dalman. 1. ENTEDON DIOCLES Walker. Female. Entedon {Omphale, Ilaliday) Diodes, Walker, 1839, p. 40. Eahitat : Sydney, New South Wales. 2. ENTEDON HESTIA Walker. Female. Eulophus TLestiu Walker, 1839, p. 46. Entedon Hestia Walker, 1846, p. 66— de Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 38. Habitat : Hobart, Tasmania. 3. ENTEDON PRONAPIS Walker. Male. Entedon Pronapis Walker, 1839, p. 40. Habitat: Sydney, New South Wales. 4. ENTEDON PODAGRIONIDIS (Girault). Mestocharis podagrionidis Girault. Like Mestocharoideus cyaneus but smaller and the antennae with only one ring-joint, the funicle joints shorter, the distal one usually wider than long and shorter than either the pedicel or the first club joint. Otherwise the same but the mandibles are tridentate, a third tooth being rejjresented inwardly, though mucii shorter than the two outer acute ones. Type re-examined. Habitat: Nelson (C'linis), (Queensland. Associated with the eggs of mantids. Type: No. HylGSJ, in the Queensland Museum. MESTOLHAR(JIDEUS new genus. Female: — Like Mestocliaris Foerster but the antenuaj with two ring- joints, the mandibles bidentate. True lateral carinie absent. Median carina paired. Type: Mestocharis cyanea Girault. 1. (MESTOCHARIS) MESTOCHAROIDEUS CYANEUS (Girault). Female. Genotype. Deei) metallic blue, the tarsi white; antennte eoncolorous. Eeticulated. Funicle 1 longest. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: 'iso.Hy 1631, Queensland Museum. Gexus ME.STOCHARIS Foerster. 1. MESTOCHARIS LIVIDUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.25 mm. For a table of subfamilies, see pp. 294-295. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 143 Like Entecion i^odagrionidis (Giranlt) l;nt the distal fiuiiele joint is somewhat longer than wide; the lateral caringe of the propodeura are not at the lateral margin but not very far laterad from the pair of median carinas, the lateral margin of propcdenm also earinate as well as fore and hind margins. Intermediate tibial spurs only slightly smaller than those of the hind legs. Median carina? diverging, distad at apex with a very short carina between tliem. Antenna) 8-jointed, one ring-joint, the club 2-jointed. Hind coxeb polished, the tibiae metallic green. Space between median carina rather broad, smooth. Thorax (excepting propodeura) roughly scaly. Mandibles with two equal teeth. Hind tibial spurs long and stout. Second segment of abdomen occupying about half the surface. Male: — The same but a third smaller, the abdomen much shorter, at apex broadly truncate. Autennto apparently with two ring-joints. Described from three males, ssven females labelled ' ' No. 1-t. From Epilachne S8- punctata. Darwin, Northern Territory, 19 May, 1913 (G. F. Hill)." Later, six females labelled " No. 6. Bachelor, N.T., Jan. 23, 1913 (G. F. Hill)." Habitat: Port Darwin and Bachelor, Northern Territory. Type: No. Ily 16.35, Queensland Museum, one female on a tag, two males, six females on a slide (plus 3 female heads). 2. MESTOCHARIS SILVENSIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.16 mm. The same as the preceding sjjecies but the teeth of the mandibles longer and strong, the inner margin of the second tooth serrate below tip; also the pedicel is distinctly longer than the globular distal funiele joint but not much longer. In lividus the first funicle joint is distinctly longer than the pedicel, the latter subequal to the distal funicle joint. Parapsidal furrows caudad broadened from narrow sutures to shallow depressions. Hind and intermediate tibial spurs small and normal. Otherwis3 as in lividus. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured August 31, 1913, by sweeping in a jungle pocket. Haiita't: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1636, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 3. MESTOCHARIS VETERNOSUS new species. Female: — Length, 0.70 mm. Differs from lividus in having the tibial spurs somewhat enlarged only and in having the caudal margin of the second ssgment of abdomen deeply cut into at the meson or incised, the third segment longer than usual, much longer than the next two which are transverse linear. Postmarginal vein longer than stigmal. Funicle joints subglobular, the first a little longer. Mandibles hidentate. From a female captured by sweeping in a strip of jungle bordering a streamlet, Novem- ber 4, 1912. Habitat: Proserpine, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 16.37, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag. 144 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. CtE\us HORISMENUS Walker. 1. HORISMENUS ANTIOPA new species. Female: — Length, 1.30 mm. Metallic aeneous green, the wings hyaline, the legs straw yellow except the eoxso; Club 2-jointed, funiele 3-jointed. Thorax coarsely reticulated, the propodeum nearly smooth, with a pair of diverging median carinas, the lateral carina) absent. Parapsidal furrows rejire- sented by a conspicuous longitudinal fovea on each side caudad. Mandibles bidentate. Second segment of abdomen occupying two thirds of the surface. Postmarginal vein absent. Median sulcus of scutellum short, only along proximal fourth. Caudal and lateral margins of propo- deum strongly carinate. Axillae subglabrous; scutellum less coarse than scutum and parapsides^ Pedicel shorter than funiele 1. Terminal spur of club curved. Type re-examined. Halitat : Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Jungle. Type: 'Ko. Hi/ 1638, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. CIIRYSOATOMOIDES new genus. Female: — Like Clirysoatomus Ashmead but the antennae filiform, the funiele joints long and slender; propodeum with a median carina. Male: — Xot known. Type: The following species. 1. CHRYSOATOMOIDES LATIPENNIS (Girault). Clirysoatomus latipennis Girault. Dark metallic blue, the legs yellow except the coxae; scape yellowish, the llagelkun dark; wings lightly stained; funiele joints subequal, tapering distad. Polygonally reticulated. Haliifat : Babinda, Queensland. Jungle. Type: 'No. Ey 1639, Queensland Museum. Genus NEODEEOSTENUS Girault. Differs from Derosteittis Westwood in having the i^ropodeum wholly without carina3;: funiele 3-jointed, club 2-jointed. 1. NEODEEOSTENUS AUSTRALIENSIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Metallic green, the legs wholly white, also the scape; petiole yellowish brown; fore wings with a distinct sooty spot under the end of the marginal vein. Head and thorax scaly.. Club joints about equal. Habitot: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1640, Queensland Museum. Genus APLEUROTROPIS Girault. Differing from Pleurotropis in bearing two ring-joints and lateral carina) on the propo^ deum together with a median sulcus; scutum with a median groove along distal third. At least three funiele joints. Postmarginal and stigmal veins short. AUSTRALIAN EYMENOFTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 145 1. APLEUROTROPIS VIRIDIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Brilliant metallic green, the vsing hyaline, the legs white except the coxae; scape white with a dusky dot at tip above, the rest of the antennas dark metallic; first funicle joint longest, about thrice the length of pedicel. Hahitat: Townsville, Queensland. Type: No. Ry 1641, Queensland Museum. PLEUEOTEOPOMYIA new genus. Female: — Head slightly wider than long (cephalic aspect), the antennte inserted some- what below the middle of the face, 10-jointed with three ring-joints, the club 2-jointed. Post- marginal vein elongate, over twice the length of the stigmal, the marginal very long, over twice the length of the submarginal. Scutmn with a median groove at distal third. Scutellum simple, the propodeum with a pair of median carinas, the lateral carinse long and complete, forked cephalad, the lateral fork short, curving caudo-laterad partly around (but mesad of) the minute spiracle. Parapsidal furrows complete, distinct, shortly curved off. Mandibles 4-dentate, the two inner teeth much shorter and minute. Petiole of abdomen somewhat longer than wide, the second segment largest, occupying somewhat over a fourth of the surface. A complete sulcus just laterad of propodeal spiracle. Eyes hairy. Male: — Not known. Type: The following species. 1. PLEUROTROPOMYIA GROTIUSI new species. Female: — Length, 1.50 mm. Brilliant metallic green, the wings hyaline, the legs white except coxas. Scape white, rest of antennae black; distal half of abdomen bluish purple; pedicel shorter than any of the funicle joints of Avhich the first is longest, a little longer than the club (excluding the terminal spur), the third funicle joint longer than the first club joint which is subequal to the pedicel and longer than the body of the second club joint. Thorax with coarse scaly reticulation (not raised), propodeum glabrous. Described from one female captured August 31, 1913, by sweeping in jungle. Eespect- fully dedicated to Hugo Grotius. Hahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No.Hy 164'S, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. A second female May 6, 1913, by sweeping jungle growth along a forest streamlet. 2. PLEUROTROPOMYIA SPENCERI new species. Female: — Length, 0.80 mm. Like grotiusi but much smaller, the funicle joints all shorter, the first only one and a-half times longer than wide (the same in the type species but wider) and not distinctly longer than the third, the club slightly longer than it (excluding terminal spine). Median carince' in both species diverged at base. (Spiraeular sulcus not seen.) Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, April 20, 1913. Dedicated to Herbert Spencer. 146 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Uabitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1643, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, tlie head and a fore wing on a slide. 3. PLEUROTROPOMYIA SEDITIOSUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.40 mm. Like grotiusi nearly but not quite as robust and the sulcus on the scutum is a half shorter, not more than a sixth the length of the scutum; moreover, the reticulation just cephalad of it forms larger areas than in grotiusi (i.e., is coarser). In grotiusi the triangular inner (nieso-eaudal) piece of each parapside is smooth and shining, bearing only a single fovea eephalad of the centre; in this species the same but the piece is narrower and the fovea at the apex; also their mesal ends are farther away from the median sulcus at its apex (touching or nearly in grotiusi). Otherwise the same or nearly. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, August 2, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 164 i, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. A second female was captured in forest at Nelson, September 6, 1913. APLEUROTEOPOPSEUS new genus. Female: — Like Fleurotropopseus Girault but the lateral carina) straight and paired, the antenna) without ring-joints, 7-jointed (the club 2-jointed), the median sulcus of scutum some- what longer and the postmarginal vein very long, two and a-half or more times longer than the stigmal. Marginal vein much over twice the length of the submarginal. Second abdominal segment about a third of the surface. Male: — Not known. Type: The following species. 1. APLEUROTEOPOPSEUS ALBIPES new species. Female: — Lengtn, 1.50 mm. Metallic blue-green, the wings hyaline, the scape white except at tip, the rest of the antenna) black, the coxaa concolorous, the rest of the legs white. Thorax reticulated. First funicle joint longest, the third oval, longer than the short pedicel. Described from a female taken by sweeping Leptospermum, April 16, 1913 (H. Hacker) and another taken April 20, 1913, by sweeping eucalypts. Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1645, Queensland Museum, the above specimens each on a slide. AMESTOCHARIS new genus. Female: — Antenna) 9-jointed with two ring-joints, the club 3-jointed. Parapsidal furrows represented by a groove on each side at caudal half; scutellum simple; propodeum "Tilli o pair of median carina) which diverge from base, each one connected at apex along caudal margin with the lateral carina which forks at apex; surface polished. Petiole longer than AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIBOIDEA, IV.~GIEAULT. 147 wide, the second segment occupying from half to three fourths of the surface. Mandibles bidentate. Postmarginal vein slightly longer than the stigmal, both short. Cephalic margin of propodeum carinate. Male : — Not known. Type: The following species. 1. AMESTOCHARIS GOONDIENSIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.25 mm. Metallic aeneous green tinged with bluish, the wings clear, the coxae concolorous, the legs white; thorax reticulated, the lines raised and coarse. Scape and ring- joints yellowish white, rest of antennso concolorous with body; pedicel shorter than any of the following joints, the first funicle joint longest, over one and a half times the length of the pedicel, the next joints each shortening slightly in succession; third club joint ending in a stout, somewhat curved seta (in reality two setae, the curved one the longer) ; both funicle joints narrowing distad. Described from a single female captured by sweeping in jungle, July 23, 1912. Habitat: Goondi and Nelson, Queensland. Type: 'No. Hy 1646, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. A second female was cajitured by sweeping in jungle at Nelson, N.Q., June, 1913 and a third in July. There is a fovea at base of scutellum at the meson. 2. AMESTOCHARIS CONCOLORIPES new species. Female: — Length, 1.30 mm. Metallic green, the abdomen darker, the wings hyaline, the legs concolorous with thorax, the three proximal tarsal joints white; base of abdomen green; pronotum bluish, glabrous; thorax coarsely reticulate scaly, the distal third of scutellum glabrous, also the propodeum; spiracle minute, round; j^etiole shagreened, the abdomen finely scaly except most of the long second segment. Antennae wholly concolorous, the first funicle joint much the longest of the flagellum, of whose joints all are longer than wide; first and second club joints about equal. Mandibles tridentate. Male: — Not known. Described from three females captured by sweeping in forest and jungle, August 30, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns) > Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1647, Queensland Museum, one of the above specimens on a tag, the head on a slide with the head of fulvipes. 3. AMESTOCHARIS FULVIPES new species. Female: — Length, 1.00 mm. Like goondiensis but the legs brown, the parapsidal furrows barely indicated caudad by an obtuse depression; second abdominal segment only about half of the abdomen, the latter 148 ME MO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. pointed conical, not long; second funicle joint slightly shorter than the first which is barely longer than the pedicel, usually subequal to it; club joints more or less subequal to the funicle joints. Described from one female captured by sweeping miscellaneous vegetation, August 30, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Bdbitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: 'No. Ey 1648, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide with the head of concoloripcs. 4. AMESTOCHARIS NYMPHA new species. Female: — Length, 1.20 mm. Very much like concoloripcs Girault but nearly black with a purplish tinge and the proximal two thirds or more of scutellum is longitudinally reticulated the polygonal scaliness of the scutum becoming changed into long figures bounded by parallel, raised lines and leaving just before tip a rounded smooth area which is not glabrous. Only the propodeum metallic shining green. Also the three teeth of the mandibles are longer and the second funicle joint barely longer than the third and not tapering at apex so much. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured from a window, May, 1912. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1649, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. PELOROTELOPSELLA new genus. Female : — Like Fseudacrias Girault but the propodeal meson bears a median carina bounded on each side by a deep sulcus, the lateral carina? present,* the propodeum tricarinate. Scutellum wholly sculptured, the parapsidal furrows complete. Second tooth of mandible serrate. Thorax umbilieately punctate, the propodeum polished on each side of meson, the pronotum reticulated, smoother along the median line. Propodeal spiracle minute, round. Antennas the same but the definite number of ring-joints is 2, the antenna) 9-jointed. Male: — Unknown. Type: The following species. 1. PELOROTELOPSELLA GENU new species. Female: — Length, 1.75 mm. Black-blue, opaque, the abdomen and propodeum dark metallic blue-green, the wings hyaline, the legs dark metallic blue, except the contrasting silvery white knees, distal thirds of tibiai and tarsi. Antennae dark metallic blue but the scape white except at distal end, first funicle joint longest, somewhat longer than the pedicel, the distal joint spherical, the distal club joint shorter than the proximal one, its nipple distinct but not long. Described from one female captured by sweeping jungle growth along a forest streamlet. August 1, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1650, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. * This is a mistake ; sulci take the place of lateral cariiiiE. Hind tibial spur stout. AUSTRALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 149 PLEUEOTEOPPOPSIS new genus. Female: — Body stout, agreeing with Pleurotropis and the antenna3 10-jointed but with three distinct ring-joints, the club only 2-jointed, the second joint terminating in a prominent setiform process. Eyes very hairy. Propodeum polished, strongly tricarinate. Stigmal vein very short, the postmarginal rather long, about twice the length of the stigmal. Parapsidal furrows rei^resented by a long wedge-shaped sulcus running halfway up from caudal margin then narrowing from apex of the wedge and curving off, ending in the dorso-lateral aspect a little before cephalic margin in a fovea. Another larger and deep fovea at cephalic margin of scutum just meso-cephalad of the fovea and of the furrow. Petiole short; second abdominal segment occupying only a fourth of the surface. Scutellum simple. Mandibles with only two distinct teeth. Submarginal vein hardly broken, shorter than the marginal. Male: — Not known. Type: The following species. 1. PLEUROTROPPOPSIS MACULATIPENNIS new species. Female: — Length, 2; 10 mm. Metallic blue-green, the legs concolorous except tips of tibiaj and tarsi which are white; venation sooty, the fore wing with a large dusky rounded blotch under the apex of the marginal and the stigmal veins. Pronotum subfoveate, the mesonotum scaly reticulated and sort of transversely lineolated. First ring- joint and proximal part of scape whitish, rest of antenna concolorous; funicle joints long, one side convex, the first longest, the third shortest, subequal to the rather long pedicel, both club joints shorter than the latter (excluding the terminal seta). Described from one female captured by sweeping in a jungle pocket, July 24, IQl.T (A. P. Dodd). Hahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. By 1651, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide with type head of Achrysocharella aiirea Girault. PLEUEOTEOPOPSEUS new genus. Female: — Like Apleurotropis Girault but the propodeum with a median carina instead of a sulcus, the lateral carinas V-shaped, the arms of the V oblique, pointing more or less cophalo-laterad.' Also the median groove of scutum is confined to distal fourth. Parapsidal furrows mere sutures, complete but curved off rather shortly laterad. Mandibles tridentate. Stigmal vein very short but longer than the postmarginal. Wings hyaline. Male : — Unknown. Type: The following species. 1. PLEUROTROPOPSEUS PURPUREA new species. Female: — Length, 1.75 mm. Dark metallic purple, polished, the abdomen at base blue, tarsi yellowish. Antennae concolorous, the first two funicle joints subequal, as long as the club, the third funicle joint a third shorter, longer than the pedicel. Thorax reticulated. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the jungle, July 26, 1913. 150 MEMOIES OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Habitat: Meerawa (Cairns district), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1G53, Qneenslaiul Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide with the type head of Oplieliminus longfellowi Girault. Genus PSEUDACKIAS Girault. Female: — Characterised by bearing a bi- or tricarinate propodeal meson, the propodeum usually with five distinct carinas, including the two lateral carinas; propodeum polished, its caudal margin also strongly carinate. Scutellum more or less polished. Second abdominal segment much the longest, occupying from a third to over a half of the surface, the petiole short and stout, slightly wider than long. Parapsidal furrows usually complete, very narrow or like sutures and terminating in a shallow depression caudad. Stigmal and postmarginal veins short, the former a little the longer. Mandibles bidentate, the inner tooth usually with several minute sinuses just proximad of apex, mesad. Thorax reticulated, the lines raised, the pronotum polished but longitudinally wrinkled along cephalic margin, transverse. Funicle 3-jointed, the club 2-jointed, the second joint terminating in a prominent seta; three ring- joints. Hind tibial spur stout, half the length of the hind tarsi. Genus recovered from the Pediobiini (type re-examined). Male: — Not known. Type: Pseudacrias micans Girault. 1. PSEUDACRIAS MICANS Girault. Female. Genotype. Shining bluish black, the propodeum with a straight median carina on each side of the meson, the middle of the three absent; tarsi white, except distal joint; wings hyaline; first funicle joint slightly the longest, the second club joint short, the first longer, longer than wide, subequal to the first funicle joint. Pronotum and distal half of scutellum shining but the latter with faint polygonal reticulation, the basal half of scutellum longitudinally striate. Parapsidal furrows represented by a fovea caudad and slightly indicated cephalad. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Jungle. Type: No. Hyl653, Queensland Museum. 2, PSEUDACRIAS CHALYBS new species. Female: — Length, 1.80 mm. Metallic cyaneus, the wings hyaline; proximal tarsal joints pallid; proximal club joint much longer than the distal yet not long, the funicle joints not long, the pedicel much smaller than them. Parapsidal furrows complete, the meson of propodeum tricarinate. Described from a single female captured by sweeping grass along a forest streamlet, August 13, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1654, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 3. PSEUDACRIAS AENEUS new species. Female: — ^Length, 1.65 mm. Dark aeneous green, the abdomen darker; the same otherwise as the second species excepting that the second abdominal segment is longer yet not occupying quite half of the AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 151 surface (as in the type species), the thorax is reticulated, the lines not raised and forming diamonds, the smooth path down meson of scutellum is rather obscure and the pronotum is finely reticulated. Antennae with three ring-joints, the distal two short; pedicel longer, not much shorter than the first funicle joint. Inner or second tooth of mandible simple. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping foliage in a jungle pocket, June 5, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. KylGBS, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 4. PSEUDACRIAS QUADRICARINATUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.60 mm. Differing from the preceding two species in lacking the median of the three carinaa at the meson but a space is left for it ; it is slightly indicated in fact, the median carina? diverging. Brilliant metallic green, the abdomen dark; like aeneus but the thorax with scaly network but not raised as in aeneus and there is a large distinct glabrous area at base of scutellum; proximal three fourths of second segment of abdomen and propodeum polished (the latter not so distad and later ad), the rest of abdomen densely scaly. Lateral carinas forked distad. Petiole finely longitudinally lined; basal three fourths of abdominal segment 2 green. Pronotum glabrous. Antennas coneolorous; first funicle joint longest, 3 globular; club 1 much longer than 2. Mandibles 2-dentate, the second tooth as in aeneus. Second ring-joint very short. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by miscellaneous sweeping, August 13, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Hahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1656, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. Genus METACEIAS Girault. Differs from Entedon Dalman in having the median carina of the propodeum bounded on each side by a deep sulcus whose lateral margins are acute, the propodeal spiracle round and moderately small and the hind tibial spur elongate. The parapsidal furrows are about complete from cephalic margin but difficult to see, being shallow. The genus was first placed with the Pediobiini. (Type re-examined.) 1. METACRIAS AUSTRALIENSIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Dark metallic bluish, the wings hyaline; legs coneolorous, the knees, tips of tibise and tarsi white. Antennas coneolorous, the first funicle joint nearly as long as the club, the distal one subequal to the pedicel. Head and thorax coarsely retieulately punctate. Hahitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1199, Queensland Museum. 152 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 2. METACRIAS SECUNDUS new species. Female: — Length, 2.00 mm. Very similar to australiensis but the postmarginal vein absent, the thorax more aeneous and more deeply punctate, umbilicately punctate, the scape is metallic only at the middle portions, the ends white and the grooves on each side of the median carina of propodeum are shallower. Mandibles strongly bidentate. Both species have a more or less complete foveate curved sulcus in the stead of a lateral carina. Compared with types of australiensis. Ring- joint large. The seutellum in australiensis is raised reticulate not punctate, the areas deeper on the scutum. Male: — Not known. From one female captured in September, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Type: No. Hyl657, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head and hind legs on a slide. In this species the parapsidal furrows are complete, not very distinct but more so than in the genotype. DIAGNOSTIC AEEANGEMENT OF THE ENTEDONINE EULOPHID^. Females. Australia. The abdomen is usually distinctly petiolate, the parapsidal furrows variable, complete or incomplete, but always plainly indicated cephalad or eaudad; stigmal vein usually sub- sessile or very short, the marginal long. Forms always metallic blue, green or purple or else black, seldom with yellow on the body, the latter short and stout, the mandibles usually bi- or tridentate, the funicle never more than 4-jointed; with a scaly sculpture. Propodeum long and usually with carinaG. Second abdominal segment frequently elongate, the abdomen upturned. I. Antennae without ring-joints; seutellum simple. Antennas 7-jointed, the club 2-jointed; scutum with a median sulcus at distal half; postmarginal vein over twice the length of the stigmal, the marginal over twice the length of the submarginal; propodeum triearnate. ApleurotropopseuS Girault (Type: A. albipes Girault) II. Antennaa with one or more ring- joints; seutellum with or without a groove. 1. Seutellum with a median longitudinal grooved line only. Antennae 8- jointed, the club 2-jointed, one ring-joint, the funicle 3-jointed. Horismenus Walker (Type : H. cleodora Walker). 2. Seutellum simple, without longitudinal grooves. (1) Antennae with one ring-joint, the funicle 3-jointed. Propodeum without true lateral carinas but with a median carina. AntennaG 8- jointed, the club 2-jointed, the terminal joint as usual with a stout spine; head very wide, the occijjut concave, the propodeal spiracles large, oval, in depressions; seutellum sculptured; median carina of propodeum connected at apex with the carinated caudal margin. Entedon Dahnan (Type: E. cyanellus Dalman). The same; propodeal spiracle round, small, the median carina bounded by a deep sulcus on each side. Hind tibial spur elongate. Lateral carinao represented by sulci. Metacrias Girault (Type: M. australiensis Girault). JUSTBALIAN HTMENOPTEFA CHALCIDOWEA, IV.~GIEAULT. 153 Propodeum wholly without cariiiEe, finely scaly. Antennae 8-joiuted, the club 2-jointed and with the usual terminal spine; postmarginal vein as long as the stigmal. * Neodsrostenus Girault (Type: N. austraUensis Girault). Propodeum plainly tricarinate, with true lateral carinjo. Antennae 8- jointed, the club 2-jointed. Mestocharis Foerster (Type: M. cyclops Foerster). (2) Antennse with one ring-joint, the funicle 2-jointed. Club 3-jointed, the antenna) 8-jointed, the funicle joints long; propodeimi with a median carina only. Chrysoatomoides Girault (Type: Chrysoaiomus latipennis Girault). (3) Antennae with two ring-joints, the funicle 3-jointed, the ovipositor not exserted. Antennal club 2-jointed. Propodeum without true lateral earinae. Median carina of propodeum paired; postmarginal vein absent; second abdominal segment occupying a third of the surface; hind tibial spur large, the mandibles bidentate. Mestocharoideus Girault (Type: Mestocharis cyanea Girault). Propodeum with true lateral carina. Propodeum with a median groove or sulcus with carinated margins. Scutum with a median groove at distal third; postmarginal and stigmal veins short; second abdominal segment short, shorter than segment 7. Apleurotropis Girault (Type: A. viridis Girault). Propodeum with a median carina. Scutum simple ; median carina of propodeum bounded by sulci along each side; mandibles bidentate; second abdominal segment- occupying over a third of the surface; postmarginal and stigmal veins short. Pelorotelopsella Girault (Type: P. genu Girault). Scutum with a median groove at about distal fourth; median carina of propodeum simiile, the lateral carinsB, however, V-shaped, the arms pointing cephalo-laterad ; mandibles tridentate; second abdominal segment only about a sixth of the nurface of the abdomen; postmarginal and stigmal veins short. Pleurotropopseus Girault (Type: P. purpurea Girault). (4) Antenna) with two ring-joints, the funicle 2-jointed, the club 3-jointed. Median carina of propodeum paired, diverging at apex, there each one con- nected along caudal margin with the lateral carLia which f(.rks at apex; second abdominal segment occupying from a half to three fourths of the surface of the abdomen; mandibles bidentate; post- marginal vein slightly longer than the stigmal, both short. Amestocharis Girault (Type : A. goondiensis Girault).* * Scutum with a complete median sulcus ; axilse advanced cephalad of scutum ; propodeum very short ; the abdomen broadly ovate ; parapsidal furrows short, distinct ; venation and antennae as in Amestocharis. JHORISMENOIDES new genus (type: H. sulfureiventris new species). The genotype is metallic purple, the legs and abdomen sulphur yellow, the wings hyaline, the body highly polished ; funicle 2 purple. Xelson, N.Q. 154 MEMOIFS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. (5) Antenna) with tliree ring-joints, the funicle 3-, the club 2-jointed. Scutum Tvithout a median groove. * Meson of propodeum bi* or tricarinate, the propodeum usually 5-carinate, its caudal margin carinate and true lateral carina? present ; seecnJ abdominal segment occupying a third of the surface; stigmal and postmarginal veins short, the former a little the longer. Hind tibial spur long and stout. Pseudacrias (Girault Type : P. micans Girault). Meson of propodeum with one carina, the propodeum strongly tricarinate ; second abdominal segment occupying a fourth of the surface; postmarginal vein about twice the length of the stigmal; eyes very hairy. Eing-joints large, distinct. Pleurotroppopsis Girault (Type : P. maculipennis Girault). Scutum with a median groove at distal third or more. Meson of propodeum bicarinate, the lateral carinas also present, long and comjjlete; marginal and j^ostmarginal veins elongate. Pleurotropomyia Girault (Type : P. grotiusi Girault). Nolo: Compare Cluthaira Cameron in the Elachertini. Tribe PEDIOBITNI. Genus EPACEIAS Girault. Differing from Paracrias Ashmead in that the antennae bear two ring-joints, the club 3-jointed, the funicle 2-jointed. Propodeum tricarinate. 1. EPACRIAS NIGrRIVIRIDIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Blackish metallic green, rather coarsely rugulosp. Legs and antennse concolorous, the proximal three tarsal joints whitish. Wings hyaline, the postmarginal vein much shorter thao the very short stigmal. First funicle joint longest. Petiole stout, distinctly longer than wide. Hahiiat: Quingilli, Queensland. Forest. Type: 'So. Ry 1658, Queensland Museum. Genus ERIGLYPTOIDEUS Girault. Like Metacrias Girault but the funicle joints long and slender and the postmarginal and stigmal veins long and subequal. Antenna) 9-jointed with one ring-joint, the club 2-jointed,. the funicle 4- jointed. Propodeum without carina*. Petiole short and stout. 1. ERIGLYPTOIDEUS VARICORNIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Dark metallic green, the seutellum and propodeum aeneous, the face blue, sunken. Legs concolorous, the trochanters, tibiae and tarsi yellowish; scape pallid at each end, the distal club joint yellowish white. Hatitat: Murray Bridge, South Australia. Type: No.I.lS36, South Australian Museum. PEDIOBOMYIA new genus. Female: — Antennae 7-jointed with one ring-joint, the club solid and ending in a spur. Seutellum simple, scutum without a trace of parapsidal furrows; postmarginal and stigmal * Entedoneila n.g. (type : E.magnifica Gir. & Dodd n.sp.). Propodeum with a median carina only, the carina boimded by sulci ; postmarginal vein very short. The genotype is metallic purple, the scape and legs golden yellow, the body umbilicately punct.ite. Victoria. AUSTRALIAN ETMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIBEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 15o veins very short; second segment of abdomen occupying half of the surface, the eighth a third of its length and next longest, conical, the petiole stout, distinct, broad and wider than long. Propodeum with a pair of median carina? which gradually diverge distad, the lateral carinas also present, long and complete, the spiracle minute, round. Petiole with a sulcus on each side of meson. Propodeum with a short neck. Male: — Not known. Type: The following species. 1. PEDIOBOMYIA DARWINI new species. Female: — Length, 1.65 mm. Black with a purplish tinge the wings hyaline; legs reddish brown, the coxae concolorous with body, also the cephalic femur; scape yellowish brown, rest of antenna concolorous, the first funicle joint subelongate, as long as the club, bevelled off at tip, the other two a little shorter than the pedicel. Thorax with raised polygonal reticulation except the smooth propodeum. Abdomen densely scaly. From one female captured by sweeping in a jungle pocket, August 31, 1913. Dedicated to Charles Darwin. Tlalntat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1G5D, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. PEDIOBOPSTS new genus. Female: — Like Friglyptus Crawford but the ring-joint is present, the club 3-jointed, the funicle 2- jointed, the form like the Omphalini, the propodeum short, noncarinate. Parapsidal furrows entirely wanting, no trace of them. Abdomen sessile, stout, broad, a little longer than the thorax, the segments not very unequal, rather short. Scutellum simple. Stigmal vein moderate, not short nor sessile, longer than the short postmarginal. Eeticulately piuietate. Antennae inserted a little below the middle of the face. Male: — Not known. Type: The following species. 1. PEDIOBOPSIS SPENCERI new species. Female: — Length, 1.30 mm. Dark purplish, opaque, the abdomen shining aeneous purplish, the wings hyaline; legs and scape reddish brovni but the coxae concolorous; rest of antenna subfuscous, both funicle joints subequal, distinctly longer than wide, slightly shorter than the pedicel; club joints longer than wide, the middle one longest, the third conical and terminating in a stout short spine. Scutellum large, with a finer sculpture than the scutum. Tarsi pale. Described from one female captured by sweeping in jungle, July 26, 1913. Dedicated to Herbert Spencer. Habitat: Meerawa (Cairns), Queensland. Tyjjc: No. Hy 16G0, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, an antenna oru a slide. 156 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. UEACRIAS new geuus. Female: — Antennao 10-jointed with three ring-joints, the club 2-jointed; scutum and scutellum sinijjle; postmarginal vein absent, the stigmal vein very short; propodeum at the meson with a median carina which forks at base and which is bounded on each side by a sulcus whose lateral margin is acute, forming carinae, the propodeum thus tricarinate at the meson. True lateral carina} absent but in the vicinity of the spiracle, the propodeum with a iong sulcus originating at apical meson, running along the caudal margin of the segment, then across the propodeum to cephalic margin like a lateral carina then curving off laterad. A sliort, oblique carina at cephalic margin of propodeum a little laterad of the lateral carina a+ the meson. Propodeum glabrous, the thorax otherwise with coarse polygonal reticulation, the lines raised. Second abdominal segment longest, occupying about a fourth of the surface. Petiole moderate in length. Mandibles strongly bidentate. Male: — Not known. Type: The following species. 1. URACRIAS EXCELSUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.20 mm. Dark blue, the propodeum and abdomen dark metallic green, the wings hyaline, the legs dark blue except the knees, tips of tibioa and the three proximal tarsal joints. Scape whitish along proximal half, the antenna) otherwise dark blue. Pedicel longer fhan any of the funicle joints of which 1 is a little the longest, distinctly longer than wide, 3 not much shorter but wider. Club conical, with a terminal nipple, the first joint largest. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest, August 14, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1661, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head and a fore leg on a slide. TABLE TO THE PEDIOBIINE GENERA OF EULOPHID^. Australia. Females. The mesoseutum is entire, the parapsidal furrows wholly absent or represented by mere traces of depressions caudad, not by elongate sulci nor distinct depressions caudad nor by grooves from either end. The abdomen is sessile or petiolate. The form is like that of the Entedonini. Rarely or never marked other than with metallic color. Scutellum simple. I. Antennal club solid. Antenna) 7- jointed with one ring-joint; postmarginal and stigmal veins very short; second segment of abdomen occupying half of the surface, the petiole wider than long; scutellum simple, the propodeum with a pair of diverging median carinas and two lateral carina). Pediobomyia Girault (Type : P. darwini Girault). II. Antennal club 2-jointed. AntennsB 9-jointed with one ring-joint, the funicle 4-jointed; postmarginal and stigmal veins long and slender; propodeum without carinte; petiole short and stout. Eriglyptoideus Girault (Type : E. varicornis Girault). AUSTRALIAN ETMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 157 Antenna) 10-jointed with three ring-joints, the funicle 3-jointed; postmarginal vein absent, the stigmal very short; propodeum with the median carina bounded by sulci whose lateral margins are carinated; a lateral sulcus on propodeum, true lateral carinae absent. Uracrias Girault (Type : U. "xcelsus Girault). III. Antennal club 3-jointed. AntennEO 8- jointed with one ring-joint; stigmal vein not sessile, longer than the short postmarginal; segments of abdomen rather short, not much unequal, the abdomen sessile; propodeum short, noncarinate. Pediobopsis Girault (Type : P. spenceri Girault). Antenna) 9-jointed with two ring-joints; postmarginal and stigmal veins very short; petiole of abdomen longer than wide; propodeum tricarinate (median and lateral carina)). Epacrlas Girault (Type : E. nigriviridus Girault). Tribe OMPHALINI. Genus EUDERUS Haliday. 1. EUDERUS MESTOR Walker. Eidophns viestor Walker, 1839, p. 42. Eulo-phus capio Walker, 1839, p. 44. Etulerus mestor Walker, 1846, p. 67. Euderus mestor Walker, De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 6. Haiitat: King George's Sound. Genus CLOSTEEOCEKUS Westwood. 1. CLOSTEROCERUS SAINTPIERREI Girault. Female. Brilliant metallic blue-green; legs and antennee black except the dusky pale tibiae and' tarsi. Fore wings bifasciate, the first fascia leaving the apex of the marginal vein, the second' around the apex of the wing and rather narrow; first fascia somewhat V-shaped, the apex of the V distad and central. In the middle of the blade a blotch which projects into the- angle formed by the two areas of the first fascia. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Jungle. Type: No. Hy 1663, Queensland Museum. 2. CLOSTEROCERUS MIRUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.50 mm. Agreeing with saintpierrei Girault but the tibiae and tarsi more yellowish, the first band' of the tore wing bow-shaped or slightly convex while there is a round spot in the blade a little eeplialad of the m.iddle and beneath the middle (or nearly) of the marginal vein; this is isolated. Moreover, the second or apical band disappears at caudal third or more. Antennae 7-jointed, without a ring-joint. Whole body densely scaly. Abdomen concolorous with the' thorax. 158 MEMOIES OF THE QUEEN SLAM) MUSEUM. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping grass and foliage in a forest (300 feet), January 23, 1913. Habitat: Townsville, Queensland. Type: No. Hyl6G3, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 3. CLOSTEROCERUS ZANGWILLI new species. Female: — The usual length. Metallic green, the abdomen metallic blue; legs and antenna concolorous or black excepting tarsi and posterior tibiae which are yellowish white. Characterized by the usual bifasciate fore wings which form an H, the fascia being joined along the midlongitudinal line; the band around the margin is nearly complete, the first stripe accented under the stigmal vein conspicuously, the stripe broad and nearly straight; no blotch in middle of the wing under venation. Antennte compressed fusiform and usual, 8-jointed, the minute ring-joint being present. Propodeum without a median carina. The wing pattern is more sooty than usual. Mandibles tridentate. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping grass along a damp stream, July 7, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Dedicated to Israel Zangwill for his tragedy The War God. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1664, Queens-land Museum, the above specimen on a slide (with the type of C. minis Girault). In C. mirus, the minute ring-joint is also present and so with all of the species but as it iits into a cavity at the base of the first funicle joint it usually is not visible. DIAGNOSIS OF THE AUSTEALIAN SPECIES OF CL0STEB06eBUS WESTWOOD. I. Fore wings with two isolated fasciao and a blotch. First band of fore wing >-shaped, a central blotch projecting distad into the space between the two arms of the band. P>rjlliant metallic blue-green; legs concolorous except the dusky pale tibia3 and tarsi. saintpierrei Girault. First band of fore wing bow-shaped or only slightly convexed, the blotch proximad of it isolated. Brilliant metallic blue-green, the tibia? and tarsi yellow. mirus Girauit. II. Fore wings with two fascia) which are joined along the middle of the blade, forming an H; no blotch. Metallic green, the abdomen blue; tarsi and hind tibia? yellowish white; proximal fascia of fore wing accented under the stigmal vein, broad, nearly straight. £angwilli Girault,, AUSTRALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CEALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 159 Genus ZAOMMOMYIA Ashmead.* 1. ZAOMMOMYIA OCULATA Girault. Female. Dark metallic blue-green, tlie propodeum and part of axilla) reddish yellow, also the abdomen except basal fourth; venter of body yellowish brown, also the legs, which are, however, paler distad of the femora. An obscure stained area under the distal half of marginal vein on the fore wing. Antenna) 8-jointed, the club 3-jointed, the third joint terminating in a long spinelike projection. Second funicle joint longer than the first. Kahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Jungle. Type: No. Sy 1664, Queensland Museum. A second female was captured in a jungle pocket July 10, 1913. 2. ZAOMMOMYIELLA SAINTPIERREI new species. Female: — Length, 1.35 mm. Orange yellow, the head deep metallic blue, the base of abdomen rather narrowly, except at meson, metallic purplish, the abdomen more yellowish, less reddish than the thorax. Wings hyaline. Scape yellow, rest of antenna black, the pedicel elongate, about twice the length of the first funicle joint, much longer than the second which is longer than the first yet only about a half longer than wide. Mandibles tridentate. Club acuminate, the terminal seta of the 'third joint long. Scutum punctate. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in a jungle pocket, July 30, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1665, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide with the type appendages of CirrospUomella fasciatus. 3. ZAOMMOMYIELLA ABNORMIS new species. Fennde: — Length, 1.35 mm. Abdomen slender, conical, longer than the thorax. Brilliant metallic blue, the slender abdomen coppery, blue at base, the propodeum, all of legs and a short abdominal petiole reddish brown, the tibia) and tarsi white. Antennas black. Pore wings with a large brownish blotch appended from the stigmal vein, filling the blade nearly to each margin and much of it under the distal third of marginal vein. Propodeum with some irregular depressions, washed with blue mesad. Thorax polygonally scaly. Parapsidal furrows complete. Mandibles tridentate. Oral area narrowly yellow. Antennae inserted not far from the clypeus; distal club joint with a long, stout seta, nearly as long as itself, the first joint longest; funicle 1 globular, distinctly shorter than 2 which is distinctly longer than wide, subequal to club joint 1. Postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping edge of jungle (A. P. Dodd), September 16, 1913. Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1666, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag. ♦ZAOMMOMYIELLA new genus (typ3 : Zaommomuii oculata Girault). The funicle is but 2-jointed ; in Zaomnwmyia it is 3-jointecl. 160 MEMOIES OF THE QUEEI^SLA^^B MUSEUM. SE CODES now genus. 1. SECODES CAPENSIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Dark metallic green, the wings hyaline; knees and tibi^ whitish; thorax scaly; ovipositor exserted for half the length of the abdomen, the latter brownish, the ovipositor valves black; cephalic and caudal margins of propodeum carinated and meeting at the short meson. Club with a small nipple, the pedicel scaly, longer than the funicle joints; antennaj black. Mandibles tridentate. A second specimen has been seen. Babiiat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1667, Queensland Museum. 2. SECODES SUMNERI Girault. Female. The same as the preceding but the ovipositor not exserted, the propodeum with a short median carina, the legs and antenna) concolorous (excepting two proximal tarsal joints) ;. abdomen long, conic ovate and concolorous. Habitat : Lawson, New South Wales. Forest. Type: ISlo. 1. 1S35, South Australian Museum, Adelaide. Gknus OMPHALOMOEPHA Girault. This genus differs from Huhbardiella Ashmead in having the parapsidal furrows com- plete, the postmarginal vein well developed, longer than the stigmal, the funicle joints wider than long, the antennte 11-jointed with two ring-joints, the club 3-jointed. 1. OMPHALOMORPHA VIRIDIS Girault. Female. Dark metallic green; sides of cephalic tibiae, knees and tarsi pale yellow; wings hyaline,, nearly naked; antenna) black, jiedicel longer than any of the funicle joints, the first of the latter shortest. HaJ)itat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest ? Type: No. Ey 166S, Queensland Museum. 2. OMPHALOMORPHA REPERCUSSA new species. Female: — Length, 1.25 mm. Dark blue, the tarsi white except distal joint; wings subhyaline; first funicle joint longest, distinctly longer than wide, joint 4 shortest, a little wider than long; club ovate, with a distinct terminal spine ; pedicel a little shorter than funicle 1 ; mandibles tridentate ; post- marginal vein a little longer than the stigmal. Hind tibial spur single, not small. Propodeum with a s^ort median carina and no others, the spiracle small, oval. Thorax (except the more finely sculptured propodeum) densely, finely, retieulately, i)unctate. Antennae blue. Male: — Not known. Described from two females captured by sweeping in forest, November 6, 1912. Habitat: Ayr, Queensland. Type: l^o.Hy 1669, Queensland Museum, one of the above specimens on a tag, the head and a hind leg on a slide. AUSTRALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CHALCIBOIBEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 161 Genus KHICNOPELTELLA Girault. Autenna3 capitate, 1 1-jointed, three ring-, funicle- and club-joints, the club much wider than the funicle, the joints of the latter transverse. Postmarginal vein shorter than the stigmal,* the marginal not half the length of the submarginal. Parapsidal furrows comj^lete, the seutellum simi^le. Abdomen rounded oval, depressed, not as long as the thorax but wider. Male about the same. 1. RHICNOPELTELLA IMMACULATIPENNIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Dark metallic aeneous green; club, tarsi, knees, most of cephalic tibiaa, tips of other tibia;, brown. Distal club joint shortest of the club, shorter than the distal funicle joint which is somewhat over half the length of the pedicel. Hahitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Forest. Type: l^o. Hy 1S02, Queensland Museum. 2, RHICNOPELTELLA SPLENDORIFERELLA Girault. Female, male. Brilliant metallic green; distal half or more of hind tibiee white; fore wing with a stained rounded area under the apex of stigmal vein and beneath most of the marginal. The male is more brassy, the vertex metallic rosaceous. Sabitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Forest. Types: 'No. Hy 1S03, Queensland Museum. 3. RHICNOPELTELLA VIRIDIS Girault. Female, male. Brilliant metallic green tinged with bluish, the legs except coxse, deep lemon yellow; wings hyaline; a peltate yellowish spot in centre of abdomen at base. Male about the same. Hahitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1670, Queensland Museum. 4, RHICNOPELTELLA CONSOBRINUS Girault. Female. Like immaciilatipennis but smaller and the fhorax bright metallic green; distal funicle joint only about a fourth the length of the pedicel. Hahitat: Nelson, Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1671, Queensland Museum. 5. RHICNOPELTELLA RETICULATA Girault. Female, male. Like immaciilatipennis but the two distal funicle joints of the antennae are large and subquadrate, each as long as the pedicel, the last funicle joint more than twice the size of the last club joint. Outer half of cephalic tibia yellowish. Male the same but the antennsa with four ring-joints, the two funicle joints transverse. Habitat: Murray Bridge, South Australia. Type: No. 1. 1S37, South Australian Museum, Adelaide. * Sometimes as long os or a little longer than the stigmal. L 162 MEllOIliS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 6. RHICNOPELTELLA FILIA Girault. Female. Closest to splendoriferella but dark blue-green, the wings hyaline, the antennas concolor- ous. Distal funicle joint not more than half the length of the pedicel. Habitat: New South Wales (Mt. Kosciusko). Type: No./. 1341, South Australian Museum, Adelaide. 7. RHICNOPELTELLA PURPUREA new species Female: — Length, 1.10 mm. Metallic purple but otherwise like the other species; knees, cephalic tibial and all tarsi pale yellowish; anteunaj wholly black except the club, the three ring- and funicle joints which are greyish; distal two funicle joints alike, the first joint of the funicle much like the ring- joints; distal funicle joint distinctly shorter than the distal club joint. Pedicel as long as the funicle, the scape black. Distal funicle joiut not more than a fifth the length of the large pedicel. Mandibles bidentate. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest along the banks of Cape River, December 27, 1912. Ealiiat : Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Type: No. Ily 167S, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 8. RHICNOPELTELLA FLAVIPES new species. Female: — Length, 1.70 mm. Characterised by being dark aeneous green, the abdomen dark, the legs (except coxae) lemon yellow; scape all eoncolorous; tegula lemon yellow; three ring-joints but the first funicle joint ring-like but wider than the ring- joints, the pedicel rather distinctly longer than the distal funicle joint which is plainly wider than long. Mandibles bidentate. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, August 30, 1913. Haiitat: Nelson, Queensland. Type: No. By 1673. Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide with the type of Eluchcrtetrasticlms aencipes Girault. DIAGNOSIS OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF BHICNOPELTELLA GIRAULT. 1. Brilliant metallic green. Legs all deep yellow except the eoncolorous coxae; wings hyaline; a peltate yellowish spot in centre of abdomen at base. viridis Girault. Legs eoncolorous except distal half or more of hind tibia and the tarsi which are whitish: fore wings with a slightly infuscated area under the apex of stigmal and much of the marginal vein. splendoriferella Girault. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 163 2. Dark metallic aeneous green, the legs mostly concolorous, the thorax sometimes bright green. Legs concolorous or mostly so. Distal joint of funicle plainly shorter than the pedicel. Distal funicle joint somewhat over half the length of the pedicel; large. immaculatipennis Girault. Distal funicle joint only about a fourth the length of the pedicel; thorax bright green; small. consohriniis Girault. Distal joint of funicle as long as the pedicel and more than twice the size of the third club joint. Outer half of cephalic tibias yellowish. reticulata Girault. Legs lemon yellow except coxae. flavipes Girault. 3. Dark metallic x^urple or blue. Dark blue-green, the wings hyaline, the antennae concolorous; cephalic tibioa, the knees and the tarsi pallid dusky; distal funicle joint not more than half the length of the pedicel. filia Girault. Metallic purple; knees, cephalic tibia) and all tarsi pale yellow; club greyish; distal funicle joint distinctly shorter than the distal club joint and not more than a lifth the length of the large pedicel. imrpurea Grrault. Genus ACHRYSOCHAEIS Girault. Differs from Closterocerus Westwood in having filiform antennae; funicle 2-jointed, club 5-jointed; wings usually hyaline. Brilliant metallic green and yellow. 1. ACHRYSOCHARIS MAGNIFICA Girault. Female. Genotype. See table. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Ey 1674, (Queensland Museum. 2. ACHRYSOCHARIS PULCHRA Girault. Female. See table. HaMtat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1675, Queensland Museum. 3. ACHRYSOCHARIS GRANDIS Girault. Female. See table. Hahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1676, Queensland Museum. 4. ACHRYSOCHARIS MACULATIPENNIS Girault. Female. See table. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1677, Queensland Museum. 5. ACHRYSOCHARIS 3IFASCIATUS Girault. Female. See table. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Jungle. Type: No. Hy 1678, Queensland Museum. 164 MKMOIIIS OF THE QU FEN SLANT) MUSEUM. 6. ACHRYSOCHARIS LEIBNITZI Girault. Female. See table. HaMtat: Mount Tambourine, Queensland. Jungle. Type: Iso. 1. 1S4S, South Australian Museum, Adelaide. 7. ACHRYSOCHARIS TRIFASCIATU3 new species. Female: — Length, 1.30 mm. Like hifasciatus Girault but differing in that of the thorax only the whole of scutum is faintly washed with metallic green and there are three distinct black stripes across the abdomen at about the middle portion and two rather large dusky spots at sides of base (dorsad) ; also median line of scutellum from base is slightly metallic and each axilla at cephalic end and the mesal margin of each parapside; propodeum with a number of dark areas; the blotch on the fore wing is more distinct but from the distal part of the marginal vein in both species and a cross-stripe. The abdominal stripes are farther apart and characteristic. The same otherwise. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping grass along a forest streamlet, August 7, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: Iso.Ey 1670, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 8. ACHRYSOCHARIS CLARISCUTELLUM new species. Female: — Length, 1.15 mm. Like mac^ilatipennis but the scutellum very highly polished yet still finely scaly (through a lens appearing smooth and brilliantly polished; mesad it is nearly without fine sculpture) ; and the antenna* are black, the first funicle joint not small and globular but jjlainly longer than wide while the three club joints are all shortened; pedicel longest of the flagellum, the distal funicle joint next longest. Proximal half of scape white. Like leibnitsi except that the scutellum is polished and the mandibles with only two distinct, acute, equal teeth, the third subobsolete, very much shorter than the others and barely indicated; also the club joints are shortened. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping forest growths along the summit of the second coast range of mountains (1,500 feet), May 21, 1912. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1680, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 9. ACHRYSOCHARIS BREVICORNIS new species. Female: — -Length, 1.15 mm. Like maculatipennis except that the wings are hj'aline, the hind femur distinctly concolor- ous, the hind knees, all of other legs except eoxa^, white; antennae black except proximal half or less of scape, the pedicel no longer than the funicle joints which are short, the first subquadrate, the second globular and a little shorter. Scutellum with the usual sculpture. Mandibles as in clariscntellum. AUSTEALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, ir.—GIBAULT. 1G5 Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, August 21, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1681, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 10. ACHRYSOCHARIS FOERSTERI new species. Female: — ^Length, 1.00 mm. Similar to brevicornis Girault but smaller, the antennsa more slender, the second funicle joint distinctly longer than the first, distinctly longer than wide, a little longer than each of the three club joints, the first funicle joint barely longer than wide, subequal to the pedicel (in brevicornis the club joints are a little wider than long, the third a little longer than wide, conical) ; also differing from brevicornis in that the hind wings are much slenderer and acutely pointed, the longest posterior marginal cilia as long as the greatest width of the blade (less than third in brevicornis). Mandibles tridentate. Wings hyaline. Hind tibiae •more or less dusky below knees. Male: — Not known. Described from two females captured April 26, 1913 among undergrowth and June 29, 1913 by sweeping herbage respectively (H. Hacker). Dedicated to Arnold Foerster. Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 168S, Queensland Museum, one of the above specimens on a slide to itself. 11. ACHRYSOCHARIS NIGRIPES new species. Male: — Length, 1.20 mm. Like brevicornis but the legs all concolorous except knees, tips of tibiae and tarsi; also the posterior marginal cilia of hind wings are longer, the hind wings somewhat narrower but obtuse at apex, both funicle joints plainly longer than wide, the first longer, the first two club joints more or less quadrate. Mandibles and scape not seen. Wings hyaline. Female: — Not known. Described from a male reared in connection with a coccid, June 6, 1913 (H. Hacker). Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1683, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. DIAGNOSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ACHBYSOCHABIS GIEAULT. Australia. I. Body (excluding appendages) wholly metallic green. Fore wings hyaline, the legs usually white except hind legs. First funicle joint subquadrate the second globular and a little shorter. brevicornis Girault. Second funicle joint distinctly longer than wide, longer than the first. foersteri Girault. The same as brevicornis but all legs concolorous except knees, tips of tibia9 and tarsi; both funicle joints plainly longer than wide. nigripes Girault. 166 21EM0IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Fore Tvings with a substigmal blotch. Legs white, excepting coxed; fore wings Mith a half complete fascia from the stigmal' knob; antenna) black. leibnitzi Girault. Legs white excepting coxa) but the hind femur more or less dusky; fore wings with a subelliptical stained area about the stigmal knob; antenna) dusky yellowish. maculatipennis Girault. The same but seutellum with a highly polished appearance; antennsB black; club joints shortened. clarismitellum Girault. II. Body (excluding appendages) mostly yellow, marked with deep metallic green. Thorax wholly metallic green. Abdomen pale cadmium yellow, at extreme tip more or less metallic greenish and also across base; a round greenish spot at each side of abdomen, somewhat distad o.' ;!' ■ . : s ir, aline; lower face yellow. grandis Girault. Thorax not wholly metallic green but with much yellow. Fore wings hyaline. Pale cadmium yellow; head except lower face, pronotum, mesonotum except latero- caudal halves of each parapside, base and tip of abdomen, propodeum except laterad, a spot on each side of abdomen about the middle, cephalic half of axilla and a narrow line down proximal two thirds of seutellum, metallic green. magnifica Girault. The same but the metallic green line down the seutellum much broader and ovate in shape. pulchra Girault. Fore wings with an obscure but broad clouded stripe across from the stigmal vein. Golden yellow; pronotum, cephalic half of scutum and apex of each parapside, metallic green; two stripes across abdomen about middle, propodeum, spot in centre of seutellum, one across apex of axilla and another on axilla caudad of middle, dusky or dusky black. bifasciatus Girault. The same; whole of scutum faintly metallic green; three stripes across abdomen about middle. trifasciatus Girault. Genus GYEOLASBLLA Girault.* Differs from Closterocerus Westwood in bearing two ring-joints and two grooved lines on the seutellum, the pedicel not compressed, the flagellum stout but not greatly flattened. 1. GYROLASELLA FASCIATUS Giraiilt. Female. Genotype. Honey yellow; the abdomen with about eight cross-stripes of metallic green and black, the seventh consisting only of two spots, one on each side of the meson ; scutum metallic green except lateral margins and most of seutellum within the grooves, the parapsides mesad and apex of axilljB; also distal apex of propodeum; ocelli in green spots. Wings hyaline, the legs dusky yellowish, EaMtat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1684, Queensland Museum. * Thi8 genus belongs to the Elachertini, allied with Atoposoma Masi. AUSTEALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 167 2. GYROLASELLA CONSOBRINUS Girault. Female. The same but pale greenish yellow, the abdominal stripes denser and confluent at meson laterad turning cephalad like a foot. Habitat: Xelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1685, Queensland Museum. 3. GYROLASELLA SPECIOSISSIMA Girault. Female. Like consoirmus but the postscutellum has a line of green down all of the meson, the fore wings bear a fuscous spot from the stigmal knob; the footlike cephalic projections laterad of thp abdominal stripes are thicker, line 7 is complete and there is a dumbbell-shaped nrea at the meson distad of stripe 6. n abit at : /Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hyl6S6, Queensland Museum. 4. GYROLASELLA SPECIOSA Girault. Female. Lemon yellow; inner margin of parapside, median line of scutellum to distal fifth, the same of scutum nearly centrally, the cephalic end with a line across it, a stripe across cephalic propodeum, cephalic margin of scutum narrowly, two short transverse lines in centre of abdomen and opposite to them on each side, three spots in a line longitudinally, metallic green. Wings hyaline. Habitat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Type: No. HylG87, Queensland Museum. 5. GYROLASELLA LINEATA Girault. Female. See table. Habitat: Mount Tambourine, Queensland. Type: No. I. 1S38, South Australian Museum, Adelaide. DIAGNOSIS OF THE SPECIES OF GYBOLASELLA GIEAULT.* Australia. Fore wings hyaline. Abdomen with more than three cross-strii^es. Scutum with much more than the median line metallic green. Honey yellow; abdomen with about eight cross-stripes, the seventh consisting of two spots on each side of the meson, the stripes isolated from each other and straight. Scutellum metallic green between the grooves. fasciatus Girault. Pale greenish j^ellow and the same but the cross-stripes of abdomen confluent at meson, laterad turning cephalad like a foot. consobrinus Girault. Scutum with only part of median line green. Honey yellow, the abdomen with many cross-stripes which are narrowly confluent at meson; median line of scutum caudad, the same of scutellum to distal fifth and a short transverse dash on each side of meson just cephalad of median green line of scutum, green. lineata Girault. * For other species, see pp. 262-264. 168 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Abdomen with not more than three cross-stripes; scutum with median line metallic green at middle, the rest yellow. Lemon yellow; inner margin of parapside, median line of scutellum to distal fifth, the same of scutum nearly centrally, the cephalic end with a line across it and two short transverse lines in centre of abdomen and opjjosite them, on each side, three spots in a line longitudinally, metallic green. speciosa Girault. Fore wings with a substigmal spot. Like consohrinus but the iiostscutelluni is green down all of the median line and the footlike lateral projections of the abdominal stripes are thicker, stripe 7 is complete and there is a dumbbell-shaped area at the meson distad of stripe 6. speciosissima Girault. Genus ACHKYSOCHAROIDES Girault. Similar to Gyrolasella Girault but the postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal, the scutellum with a rather conspicuous fovea on each side of the median line, the funicle 3-jointed, the club 2- jointed. 1. ACHKYSOCHAROIDES SARCOPHAGUS Girault. Female. Genotype. Chrysocharis sarcopliagus Girault. Bright metallic green, tinged with coppery and pjurple, the wings hyaline; legs white except coxae; antenna) black, the scape dusky; funicle joints cylindrical ovate, longer than the pedicel, the first somewhat the longest. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1688, Queensland Museum. BRACHYCHRYSOCHARELLA new genus. Female: — Head rounded, the mandibles bidentate, the antenna) inserted somewhat below the middle of the face, short and strongly clavate somewhat as in HMcnopeUella but the j^edicel very much longer than the funicle and there are only nine joints, two ring-joints, two funicle joints, and a 3-jointed club, the latter much swollen and ovate. Club not terminating in a seta. Otherwise as in Rhicnopellella except that the marginal fringes of the fore wing are a little longer than usual. Hind tibiae with one spur. Male: — Not known. Type: The following species. 1. BRACHYCHRYSOCHARELLA DUBIA new species.* Female: — Length, 1 mm. Dark metallic aeneous green, the wings hyaline; coxa) and the hind femur concolorous, each of the legs pallid; antennao pallid dusky. Thorax finely scaly. Described from two females captured from the foliage of Eucalyptus in forest, November 9, 1911. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1689, Queensland Museum, the above specimens on a slide. The stout abdomen hides the ovipositor so that I am not sure they are females; there are two funicle joints. * For other species, see p. 170. AUSTRALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, ir.—GISAULT. 169 Genus ACHRYSOCHAEELLOIDEA Girault. Differing from Gyrolasella Girault in that the club of the antennae is 4-jointed, the last joint minute, itself terminating in a seta; also the postmarginal vein is longer than the stigmal. Antennas 10-jointed, the funicle cylindrical. 1. ACHRYSOCHARELLOIDEA PAX Girault. Female. Genotype. Metallic green and punctate, the wings hyaline; excepting coxse and base of femora, the legs pale yellow; excepting the pale yellow base of scape, the antennae black. Club joints a little wider than long, the two funicle joints longest of the flagellum. Haiitat: Sydney, New South Wales. Type: No. 1. 1340, South Australian Museum, Adelaide. • Genus CHRYSOCHARELLA Girault. Differs from Achrysocharoides Girault in having the scutellum simple, the funicle 1-jointed, the club 4-jointed; the stigmal vein is sometimes slightly enlarged, the postmarginal more or less equal to it. Mandibles bidentate. Club somewhat compressed, the scape longer than the flagellum which is short and clavate. Pedicel not compressed. (Type re-examined.) 1, CHRYSOCHARELLA PULCHRA Girault. Female. Genotype. Metallic aeneous green and scaly, the propodeum smooth but not glabrous; a small •obscure stained area in the fore wing from the stigmal knob; legs (except articulations and tarsi) and the antenna? black. Club joints moniliform, the funicle joints barely longer than wide. Habitat: Hughenden, Queensland. Forest-downs. Type: No. Hy 1690, Queensland Museum. 2. CHRYSOCHARELLA AEKEA new species. Female: — Length, 1.05 mm. Dark aeneous green, the wings hyaline; thorax very finely, densely scaly, somewhat ■opaque. Coxaj concolorous, also the femora, the knees, distal parts of tibiae and the tarsi whitish. Antennae sooty black, the proximal two thirds of the scape white. Described from one female captured by sweeping the forest-downs, July 14, 1913. Habitat: Hughenden, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1691, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 3, CHRYSOCHARELLA CONSOBRINUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.30 mm. Very similar to aenea but more robust, the postmarginal vein as long as the stigmal, the first two pairs of legs more yellowish, the scape has the distal half blackish, the pedicel is longer, the antennal joints stouter. Male: — oSTot known. Described from four females reared from a lot of miscellaneous galls on the foliage of Eucalyptus, forest, September 18, 1912. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 169S, Queensland Museum, two of the foregoing females on a slide. 170 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 4. CHRYSOCHARELLA FASCIATIPENNIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.05 mm. Dark metallic green, the abdomen dark blue, the coxa) concolorous with thorax, the legs silvery white, except hind femora and tibise between the ends, distal tarsal joint at extreme tip, other tibia) below knee and front femora along upper edge. Antenna) black, the pedicel about twice the length of the funicle joint. Mandibles bidentate. Postmarginal vein not quite as long as the stigmal, the fore wing with a rather broad sooty black stripe across it from the distal part of marginal vein (originating against the whole stigmal, the stripe fading somewhat caudad). Parapsidal furrows indicated only cephalad. Spiracle with a boomerang- shaped sulcus over it. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, August 5, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Uy 1693, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. Genus BEACHYCHEYSOCHAEELLA Girault. Female: — Like Ehicnopeltella Girault but there are only four small (ring ?) joints between the funicle and the club, the antennae short, strongly clavate and 9-jointed. Two ring-, two funicle joints, the latter barely longer than the ring-joints. Male: — ^Not known. Type: As indicated on p. 168. 2. BRACHYCHRYSOCHARELLA HELENA new species. Female:- — Length, 1.45 mm. Brilliant metallic green and scaly, the wings hyaline, the antennae and legs intense lemon yellow. Described from one female found among herbage. May 10, 1913 (H. Hacker). Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1694, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide, 3. BRACHYCHRYSOCHARELLA GLOBA new species. Female: — Length, 0.75 mm. Small and stout, the abdomen globular. Dark aeneous green, the wings hyaline, the legs concolorous excepting bases and tips of first two pairs of femora, the knees and proximal four tarsal jomts and all tibiae. Pedicel concolorous, the rest of antenna white washed with dusky (the second ring- and two funicle joints dark like the pedicel). Mandibles bidentate. Distal funicle joint twice the size of the first but much shorter than the pedicel. Thorax densely scaly, Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, August 27, 1913. Habitat: Nelson, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1695, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. AUSTRALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CEALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 171 PSEUDOCHEYSOCHARIS new genus. Female: — Like Chrysocharis Foerster but the club 3-jointed, the third joint terminating in a seta, the antenna; 9-jointed with one ring-joint; postmarginal vein a little longer than the stigmal; scutellum simple; club narrower than the funicle; parapsidal furrows obscure. Propodeum very short at meson. Mandibles tridentate, the inner tooth small. Male: — Unknown. Type: The following species. 1. PSEUDOCHEYSOCHARIS SPECIOSUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.00 mm. Like Achryfiocliaris mafjnifica Girault but the antenna^ and legs white; funicle joints stout, only a little longer than wide, oval. Club joints cylindrical, not long, yet distinctly longer than wide. Described from one female captured February 18, 1913, by sweeping forest along a public road. Habitat: Eipple Creek (Ingham), Queensland. Type: 'No. Hy 1696, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. ACHRYSOCHAEELLA new genus. Female: — Like Aclirysocharoides but the club 3-jointed, the postmarginal vein not as long as the stigmal, the scutellum simple. The two funicle joints longer than wide, cylindrical, the pedicel still longer. Funicle 2-jointed. Male: — Not known. 1. ACHRYSOCHARELLA DUBIA new species. Genotype. Female: — Length, 1.15 mm. Like AchrysocJiaris leihnitzi but the antenna pale like the legs and with two minute ring-joints; also the single fascia on the fore wing is complete but accented markedly from the stigmal vein; distal club joint dusky. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping forest, Mount Pyramid (1,500-2,500 feet), June 3, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Haiitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1697, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 2. ACHRYSOCHARELLA AUREA new spciees. Female: — Length, 1.15 mm. Orange yellow, the scutum washed with metallic purple; a rather large, oval metallic purplish spot filling the axilla centrally from end to end; a fuscous stripe across abdomen distad of middle; tip of abdomen abo^'8 dark. Scutum scaly. Several obscure fuscous markings 172 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. along tlie pro])odeuiii. Legs pale, the antennfe ^A■hite suffused with dusky. Fore wings with a stain in the blade. Distal club joint black; funicle joints not very much longer than wide. Mandibles tridentate. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in a jungle jiocket, July 24, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 169S, Queensland Museum, the head on a slide (the body was accident- ally lost). 3. ACHRYSOCHARELLA SEMIFLAVIFRONS new species. Female: — Length, 1.10 mm. Head and thorax bright aeneous green and reticulated, the abdomen, face below antennae, tegula and its vicinity, golden yellow, the abdomen metallic greenish at distal third, crossed by a dusky stripe just proximad of the green and a second dusky stripe indicjited just proximad of the other by a transverse dash from the edge on each side. Wings subhyaline, the postmarginal vein subequal to the stigmal. Parapsidal furrows complete, the propodeum with a short median carina (apparently two or a pair or else a broad, flat one). Legs yellow, the coxai dark at base. Antennae black, scape and pedicel white, black above, the pedicel a little shorter than either funicle joint. Mandibles distinctly tridentate. From one specimen captured by sweeping in forest, April 16, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1699, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 4. ACHRYSOCHARELLA AENEA new species. Female: — Length, 1.2.5 mm. Running to Nesomyia Ashmead in the Pediobiini but the antennas with two ring-joints, the club 3-jornted, the third joint terminating in a conical or spine-like projection; funicle 2-jointed, both joints somewhat longer than wide and only slightly shorter than the pedicel; club tapering. Proi)odeum smooth, faintly reticulated, non-cariuate but with a boomerang- shaped sulcus over (cephalad of) and partly around the small spiracle. Abdomen sessile, ovate. Scutellum simple. Stigmal vein short, the postmarginal barely developed. Hind tibia with one spur. Fore wings with short marginal cilia. Cheeks rather short, the head usual. Parapsidal furrows obscure but at least half complete, not deep. Dark metallic purple, the abdomen at base blue-green, the wings hyaline; tibiae yellow-brown, the tarsi pale; antennae dusky, the scape yellowish brown. Thorax densely, reticulate-punctate, the propodeum much smoother. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in a jungle pocket, July 21, 1913 with two (the hind tibisB with three) encircling bands, the distal two on hind tibiae adjacent, apparently confluent in one aspect Proximal and distal tarsal joints in all legs dusky black. Scape white at tip and beneath; third funiele joint white toward tip, narrowing there; antenn© black. Male: — Not known. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. By 17 SO, Queensland Museum, two females on a slide with the types of Casca nigra. 2. PERISSOPTERUS CAPILLAIUS Howard. Howard. 1907, p. 87. The principal characteristics of this species are taken from its original description: Head uniformly orange yellow; mesonotum lemon yellow; metanotum darker; abdomen marked with alternating transverse bands of liglit yellow and honey yellow; antennae light yellowish; legs pallid, femora dusky at tip; middle and hind tibiae dusky at tips, and with two other AUSTEALIAN EYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 185 diiskv tpots or bands; first and fifth tarsal joints dusky. Tlie wiugs are spotted with patches of dark cilia, not connected in a reticulate pattern as with pulchellus and mexicanus. Vertex reticulated; thorax smooth. Habitat: Sydney, New South Wales. Type: Cat. No. 10,313, United States National Museum, Washington, D.O., U.S.A. Host: Lepidosaphes pollens Maskell on Xanthorrhoea. Genus COCCOPHAGUS Westwood. Fore wings without an oblique hairless line from stigmal vein; antennge filiform, 8-jointed, the scape not especially short, the club 3-jointed; stigmal vein present, the mar- ginal cilia of fore wing not long, the marginal vein as long or longer than the submarginal. Hind tibia) normal. 1. COCCOPHAGUS FUNERALIS new species. Female: — Uengfh, 1.05 mni. Wholly black suffused with brownish, the wings hyaline; legs and antennae lemon yellow, the posterior coxae and femora black; funicle joints distinctly longer than the pedicel, the first longest, nearly twice longer than wide, the third distinctly longer than any of the club joints. Thorax finely scaly, without noticeable punctures. Fore wings broad, very finely, densely ciliate. Thorax pubescent. Male: — Not known. Described from one female reared from coccids, June 28, 1913 (H. Hacker). Haiitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1721, Queensland Museum. The above specimen on a slide with an encyrtid and an eulophid. Genxjs PHYSCUS Howard. Fore wings without an oblique hairless line; antennge 7-jointed, the club 2-jointed, the first funicle joint usually shorter than second or third. Ovipositor scarcely extruded. 1. PHYSCUS NIGRICEP3 new .species. Female: — Length, 1.00 mm. Bright golden yellow, the head, the first funicle joint and the club, base of abdomen and of thorax all around and a cross-stripe across abdomen disrad of the middle, black. Distal two funicle joints white, all three joints subequal, the distal club joint the longest joint of the flagellum, the proximal club joint a little shorter than the funicle joints. Wings sub- hyaline, densely ciliate, the marginal cilia short. Hind coxae dusky, the legs otherwise golden yellow. Hind wings with about seven lines of discal cilia, their caudal marginal cilia thrice or more the length of the longest marginal cilia of the fore wing. Mandibles bidentate, the inner tooth broadly truncate. Male : — Unknown. Described from one female captured by sweeping foliage in jungle, June 7, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns) and Kuranda, Queensland. 186 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Type: No. My 1722, Queeusland Museum. The above specimen on a slide. A second specimen of this speciei) was captured in jungle some days later and a third in jungle at Kuranda in September. 2. PHYSCUS FUSCIVENTRIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.00 mm. Bright golden yellow, the abdomen, parapsides and axilla}, a large area on each side of meson of distal third or more of scutellum, sides of mesothonix centrally and pronotum narrowly, brownish black; legs pale yellow, the hind femur subfuscous above at base. Antenna brown, the second funicle joint distinctly shorter than any of the club joints; wings hyaline. Im- mediate tip of abdomen pale. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweejjing in forest, January 1, 1912 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hyl7S3, Queensland Museum. The above specimen on a slide with mis- cellaneous triehogrammatids and a Signiphora. Genus ENCAESIA Foerster. Fore wings without an oblique hairless line from stigmal vein; antennge 8- jointed,, the club 2-jointed. Hind tibis3 without stiff black bristles. 1. ENCARSIA CYBELE new species. Female: — Length, 1.10 mm. Black, the abdomen lemon yellow, orange toward tip ; across the base and down each side nearly to tip (dorsad), margined with dusky black; wings subhyaline, the legs and antennsB pale lemon yellow; all tarsi plainly 5-jointed; first funicle joint longer than the pedicel, the two club joints subequal. Mandibles minutely tridentate. Funicle cylindrical, the four joints all about equal. Fore wings uniformly ciliated discally to the break in the submarginal vein, the marginal fringes short. A short postmarginal vein plainly present. Proximal tarsal joints elongate. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping the jungle growth along the margins of a forest streamlet, .Tune 17, 191.3 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Jungle. Type : No. Hy 11/24, Queensland Museum. The above specimen mounted on a slide with the type head of Philotrypesis longiventris Girault. On August 7, 1913, a second female was obtained by sweeping grass along a forest streamlet (doubtless edged with jungle growth). 2. ENCARSIA AURITHORAX new species. Female: — Length, 0.90 mm. Deep black, the thorax except the axillae golden reddish, the scutum suffused more or less with dusky; antennae and legs dusky yellowish, the wings hyaline and characterised by AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, ir.—GIBAULT. 187 being very finely densely ciliate over the blade, the marginal cilia moderately short. Joints 3 and 4 of funiele longest, 1 shortest yet distinctly longer than the pedicel. Fore wings slightly stained under the proximal half of marginal vein. Male: — Not known. Described from two females on a slide in the Queensland Museum labelled " Among undergrowth, June 26, 1913. H. Hacker." Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hyl7S3, Queensland Museum. The above specimens. 3. ENCARSIA JUSTICIA new species. Female: — Length, 0.70 mm. Deep orange yellow, the head pale greenish yellow, the antennae and legs pale yellow, the legs the paler; all tarsi 5-jointed. Wings hyaline. Distal club joint dusky. Thorax with a median groove running to end of phragma and crossed by a transverse groove not far from cephalic margin of scutum. First funiele joint about subequal to the pedicel, the flagellum cylindrical, the second funiele somewhat longer than joint 1, the fourth longest yet somewhat shorter than the first club joint which is the longest joint of the flagellum. Longitudinal striation of antenna? apparently absent. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest, July 9, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Hatitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 17S6, Queensland Museum. The above specimen on a slide. Gknus ASPIDIOTIPHAGUS Howard. Fore wings with a long marginal fringe, without an oblique hairless line from the stigmal vein; antenna? 9-jointed, the club 3-jointed, one ring- joint. Stigmal vein present. The antennaa in this genus bear a very short ring-joint. 1. ASPIDIOTIPHAGUS CITRINUS (Craw). I have specimens of this species from Babinda and Nelson, North Queensland, associated with Coccidse on imported citrus fruits near cultivated areas and settlements. 2. ASPIDIOTIPHAGUS AUSTRALIENSIS Girault. Female. Dusky black; a crescentic band around base of scutum, tip of abdomen, the scutellum and the head lemon yellow; legs pallid, the antennee dusky yellow; face below antennae dusky black. Wings infuscated as in citrinus. Antenna! segmentation as in citrinus (antennas 9-jointed with one ring-joint). Hatitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hyl727, Queensland Museum. Genus PROSPALTELLA Ashmead. Fore wings with comparatively short marginal fringes, the oblique hairless line from stigmal vein absent, the submarginal vein longer than the marginal ; antennae 8-jointed with the club 3-jointed. 1«8 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAMJ MUSEUM. 1. PROSPALTELLA ANTIOPA new species. Female: — Length, 0.55 mm. Agreeing with the original description of quercicola Howard but the legs all pallid, the parapsidcs piceus excejit near caudal margin, also the scutum, the antenna) orange yellow and filiform and there is no indication of a postmarginal vein. The blade of the hind wings distad •of the venation is naked excepting around each margin where a single row of discal cilia •delimits the naked area; under the venation, several additional lines of cilia are present. The band across the fore wing is under the marginal vein but distad extends beyond the apex of -the stigmal vein, proximad to the bend of the submarginal; it is not pronounced but dusky, its margins not well defined. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping jungle (500 feet), October 28, 1912. Habitat: Babinda, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1738, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide with the type ■of Aphelinus pax Girault. 2. PROSPALTELLA SEMINIGRICLAVUS new species. Female:- — Length, 1.00 mm. Bright lemon yellow, the sides of the thorax and the abdomen black, the legs (pallid) and antennae (orange) yellow, the third or distal club joint black. Fore wings hyaline but crossed by a broad, conspicuous black band (under all of the marginal vein) ; centre of occiput black. Distal club joint shorter than the other two, the club rather short, the third funicle joint of the three slightly longest, over twice longer than wide, the first shortest but longer than the pedicel. Hind femur black (and probably all of the coxae). Male: — Not known. This magnificent species was described from a single female captured by sweeping in jungle, June 14, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 17S9, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 3. PROSPALTELLA ALBISCUTELLUM new species. Female: — Length, 0.80 mm. Sooty black, the seuteilum contrasting, silvery white, the antennae w^hite, the fore wings distinctly infuscated out as far as the end of the marginal vein; legs whitish. Funicle joints subequal, a half longer than wide or nearly, each longer than the short pedicel, more or less like the three club joints. Proximal tarsal joint much the longest. Ovipositor valves exserted distinctly but shortly. Male: — Not known. Described from one female from the collections of the Queensland Museum on a slide labelled " Sweeping undergrowth, mostly eucalypts, June 16, 1913. H. Hacker." Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1730, Queensland Museum, the above specimen. AUSTBALIAN HTMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIBEA. IV.—GIEAULT. 189' 4. PROSPALTELLA NIGRIVENTRIS new species. Female: — Length, 0.65 mm. Bright lemon yellow, the legs and antennae eoneoloroiis, the pronotum and abdomen sootj^ black; fore wings infiiseated under all of marginal vein across to caudal margin, their longest marginal cilia over a fourth the greatest wing width; first funiele joint very short but longer than wide, about half the length of the second, the third longest, somewhat shorter than any- one of the next three joints which are subequal and longest of the flagellum (joints 1-3 of club,, the latter not differentiated, the flagellum filiform). Pedicel short. Male: — Not known. Described from one female on a slide from the collections of the Queensland Museum labelled " Among undergrowth, June 2(5, 1913. H. Hacker." Ealitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1731, Queensland Museum, the above specimen (mounted with the type of P. aureola). 5. PROSPALTELLA AUREOLA new species. Female: — Length, 0.73 mm. Deep orange yellow, the abdomen suffused with dusky, the wings hyaline; antennae- subclavate, the first funiele joint subglobate, the second and third longer than wide but short, like the club joints, yet over twice the length of the first; distal club joint a little the longest. Wings with the discal ciliation unbroken. First funiele joint a little longer thau the second.. Male: — The same but the antennae filiform, the face pallid ventrad. Described from a single pair on a slide with the preceding species. Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1733, Queensland Museum, the above pair (mounted with the female type of nigriventris). 6. PROSPALTELLA AURANTII (Howard). Adelaide, South Australia. Genus ABLEEUS Howard. Synonym: Azotus Howard. Fore wings without an oblique hairless line from stigmal vein, their marginal cilia moderately long to short, the wings usually infuscated; ovipositor plainly extruded. Anteunse S-jointed, the club solid, joint 3 of funiele more or less quadrate; one ring-joint. Metallic, the- antennas varicolored. When the ovipositor is mentioned, the exserted portion is meant. 1. ABLERUS MARCHALI (Howard). Azotus marcJiali Howard, 1898, pp. 138, 139. Tliis species is unknown to me. TJahitat: Sydney. New South Wales. Paris, France. Type: Probably in the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Eoit: Parasitic upon Aspidiotus hederce Vallot in Australia. 190 MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 2. ABLERUS SPECIOSUS Girault. Female. Like the North American disiocampce (Ashmead) but the pedicel is white, the club all black, the fore wings subhyaline, crossed by a subcrescentic stripe of black from the apex of the marginal vein; legs white excepting a black band across femora and tibiae just above and below knees. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns) and Mackay, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1733, Queensland Museum. Host : Parasitic upon native coecids. One female captured at Mackay, October 21, 1911, by sweeping lantana and oth^.r bushes ]n a field. 3. ABLERUS SEMIFUSCIPENNIS (Girault). Female. Azotua semifuscipennis Girault. Dark metallic blue, the legs concolorous except knees, tips of tibisB, tarsi (first four Joints), most of pedicel and scape and joints 2 and 4 of the funicle which are white. Fore wings deeply infuscated from base to apex of stigmal vein, the distal margin of the fumation darker or accented. Funicle 1 a little the longest, 3 wider than long, 2 and 4 subequal in length. Ovipositor valves exserted for a third the length of the abdomen, concolorous. Habitat: Ingham, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1734, Queensland Museum. 4. ABLERUS SPECIOSISSIMUS (Girault). Female. Azotus speciosissimus Girault. Dark m.etallic grass green, the valves of ovipositor at tip, the parapsides except lateral ■end. legs (except distal tarsal joint) and most of antennse (a spot on scape above, side of club, base of pedicel and funicle joints 1 and 3 dark, submetallic) white. Fore wings hyaline but with a very obscure, faint stain across them under the marginal vein. Funicle 2 a little the longest. Head white. Halitat: Magnetic Island (Townsville), Queensland. Type: No. Hyl735, Queensland Museum. 5. ABLERUS NYMPHA new species. Female:- — Length, 1.00 mm., excluding ovipositor which is half the length of the abdomen. Like clinocampce (Ashmead) but much more robust and the club is wholly black; also the infuscation of the fore wing is intense, jet black; the first joint of hind tarsi is longer. Distal half of tibia) yellowish. Face with a transverse black spot. Captured by sweeping in forest (2,000 feet), June, 1913. n ah it at : Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1736, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. AUSTRALIAN ETMENOPTEBA CEALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GTSAULT. 19] 6. ABLERUS SAINTPIERREI new species. Female: — Length, 0.85 mm., excluding ovipositor which is half the length of the abdomen. Like speciosus but more robust, the wings broader and the black stripe around hind tibia; is at apex; the fore wings, moreover, bear very short marginal cilia. Stripe of fore wing from the stigmal vein ; face blue-green at ventral half. From one female captured on a window, February 3, 1912. Ilabitat: Cooktown, Queensland. Type: No. By 1737, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 7. ABLERUS HYALINUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.15 mm., excluding ovipositor which is a fifth the length of the abdomen. Differing from the preceding sj;ecies in bearing nearly hyaline wings; otherwise like speciosus but the legs are wholly white; ovipositor valves white at tij); mesopostscutellum with a silvery lustre, the parapsides white. Closely allied with speciosissimus (see table). Like speciosisiimiis but the thorax with a straight, narrow silvery white band across it between the scutellum and posts^utellum. Hind coxa) at proximal half coneolorous. Silvery white at tiji of abdomen centrally and down mesopleurum from apex of the white on the parapside. Face with a metallic wavy stripe across it through the antennae, occiput coneolorous at ventral half. The faint stripe across the fore wing in both species originates at about the distal third of the marginal vein. In liyalinus, the wing stripe is extremely faint. A second specimen was larger, more robust. From one female reared from a mass of galls on Eucalyptus, September 3, 1912. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1738, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 8. ABLERUS GROTIUSI new species. Female: — Length, 0.70 mm. Differing from all the Australian species in having a wing pattern like the Javanese pulchriceps Zehntner. From that species, however, differing in being smaller, the fore wings narrower, their longest marginal cilia over half the greatest wing width (in the Javanese species less than half); in this Australian species, the wing pattern is less distinct, the spot at the distal margin of the blade is longer and extends over more of the apical margin ; of the two large white spots distad of the white stigmal vein, the distal one is larger (hardly so in pulchriceps where both are large and subequal) ; the area leading proximad from the apex of the blade does not form a prong-like fuscous marking. Moreover, in grotiusi, the white second funicle joint is subquadrate like the third which it equals, while in pulchriceps it is twice the si.ze of the black third joint and only slightly shorter than the first and fourth. Male : — Unknown. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, January 19, 1913. Ealiiat: Magnetic Island (Townsville), Queensland. Type: No. Ey 17S9, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide (mounted with three females of A. pulchriceps Zehntner from Java). Eesy^eetiullv dedicated to IIuj^o Grotius. ]92 ilEMOIFS OF THK QUEKXSLAND MUSEUM. 9. ABLERU3 POINCAREI new species. Female: — Length, 0.75 mm., excluding ovipnsitor valves which are black and about a third the abdomen 's length. Like sjieciosus but the femora and tibia; are concolorous except toward tip, not distinctly ringed with the concolorous color, the stripe across the fore wing is fainter and nearly straight and the fore wings are a little narrower; the discal cilia under the marginal vein are more scattered and regular. Antennal joints somewhat shorter and stouter. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest along the banks of Cape River, January G, 1913. Ealitat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1740, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide (with the type female of Fanifens argentipes Girault). 10. ABLERUS LONGFELLOWI new species. Female: — Length, 1.25 mm., excluding the ovipositor. Closely resembling both speciosus and saintpierrei. From the former it may be recognized at once because the band across the fore wing from the apex of the marginal vein is incomplete, fading out before reaching the caudal margin of the blade, the femora and tibisB are wholly black except at tip and at the knees, the fore wings are broader, more densely ciliated and the marginal cilia quite short. From saintpierrei, it differs distinctly in having the black femora and tibiae, in having only three or four coarser lines of discal cilia under the marginal vein (this ciliation finer in saintpierrei and in about seven or eight lines), in the incomplete stripe across the fore wing and in the fact that this stripe is nearly wholly under the apex of the marginal vein (in the other species — saiiitpierrei — this stripe is somewhat narrower and is from the middle of the stigmal vein which is more colored than in longfellowi). Differing from all species known to me in bearing long antennas, the first funicle joint longer than usual, nearly twice the length of the pedicel, the second thrice the length of the short third. Valves of ovipositor whitish at tip. Male : — Unknown. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest, April 18, 1912. This truly remarkable species is respectfully dedicated to Henry W. Longfellow, the poet. Haiitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1741, Queensland Museum. 11. ABLERUS ELEGANTISSIMUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.00 mm., excluding ovipositor. Like grotiasi and pulelirieepa in wing pattern and more like the latter but differing as follows: — The clear and naked spot under the marginal vein is smaller being nmcli narrower and shorter, the pattern is darker and more clear; the short third funicle joint is longer, plainly longer than wide (not a little wider than long) and the extreme tip of the valves of the ovij)ositor are not white. Vertex along margins of eyes silvery white, also a stripe across ventral ends of eyes bordered ventrad by a black cross-stripe. May be distinguished at once from grotiusi in having the second funicle .]oint plainly longer than the third not short and snbequal to it. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOFTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 193 Male: — Not knov/u. Described fron^ one female eapiured hj EA.veeping in forest, August 31, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Quvocnsiaud. Type: No. HyT/d2, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide with the type, of hyaliivas. 12. ABLERUS PAN new species. Female: — Length, 0.65 mm., excluding exserted portion of the ovipositor. Like i-peciosissimus but the valves of the ovipositor are wholly black. Male:— Not known. Described from one female captured in the forest, December 15, 1911. TIahiiat: Hamblcdon Junction (Cairns'), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 17-13, Queensland Museum. 13. ABLERUS BIDENTATUS new species. Female: — Length, 0.85 mm. A'ery similar to semifuscipennis but the mandibles bidentate, the hind wings wider and more obtuse at apex and with scattered discal cilia distad of the venation (absent in the type of semifuscipennis) , the fore tibiae pallid along distal half or more; the eyes are margined with ivory or silvery white. Male: — Not known. Described from two females oi-.c of which was reared from an aleurodid infesting the leaves of acacia, June 17, 1913 and the other captured among undergrowth, April 26, 1913 (H. Hacker). Halntat: Brisbane, Queensland. Typje: No. My 1744, Queensland Museum, the above specimens on two slides. TABLE TO THE AUSTRALIAN FORMS OF ABLERUS HOWARD. Females. (Compiled from the types, excluding marcliali Howard.) L Fore wings with a network pattern of fuscous (fuscous but broken into large clear areas). Valves of ovipositor white at tip; second funicle joint short barely longer than the subquadrate third joint. grotiusi Girault. Valves of ovipositor wholly concolorous; second funicle joint much longer than the third which is somewhat longer than Avide. elegantissimus Girault. II. Fore wings with or without a distinct or faint rather narrow cross-stripe. F(!mora, tibia? and most of tarsi wholly white; parapsides white. Tip of valves of ovipositor white. Wings hyaline, translucent. Ityalinus Girault. Wings with a faint but distinct, oblique brownish stripe across them from a little distad of middle of marginal vein. speciosissimus Girault. Tip of valves of ovipositor black; wings as in speciosissimus. pan Girault. N 194 MEMOIBS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Femora aad tibia) concolorous ; parapsides concolorous. Joint 1 of iunicle four or more times longer than wide; valves of ovipositor white at tip; cross-stripe of fore wing plainly oblique and from end of marginal vein. Robust. longfellowi Girault. Joint 1 of I'unic'le about twice louger tlian wide; valves of ovipositor black at tip; cross-stripe of fore wing nearly straight and from tip of stigmal vein. poincarei Girault.* Pemora and tibiiB concolorous only at one end (with a metallic band around femora and tibiae near knees). Valves of the ovipositor white at tij>; parapsides concolorous; cross-stripe of fore wing broader, distinct. speciosus Girault. Femora and tibia) blotched with metallic ; parapsides concolorous. Valves of ovipositor white at tip; fore wings wuth very short marginal cilia, the cross- stripe distinct and from the side of the stigmal vein; about 10 lines of cilia under the marginal vein which are much coarser than the very fine main ciliation. Eobust. saintpierrei Girault. III. Fore wings more or less uniforniiy, distinctly blackened from base to end of venation or somewhat farther. Fuination extending to end of v^uaiitu), its distal margin straight and accented. Mandibles tridentate. A'alves of ovipositor concolorous at tips; tibia? concolorous. scmifuscipcn n is Girault. Mandibles bidentate. The same but fore tibite pale along distal half or more, the hind wings broader and more obtuse at apex, and Avith si-attered discal ciliation distad of venation. hidentatus Girault. Fumation the same but deeper and its distal margin is convex or curved. Tips of valves of ovipositor wLire; first two tibia) pale at distal half or more. nympha Girault. Genus TUMIDTSUAPUS Girault. Onlv the male of this genus is known. It is characterised 1 y bearing an enormous, leaf- like cxpauf-ion ventrad from the shaft of the scaiie, but agreeing otherwise with the male of Aplielhius Dalman. The second species of this genus (the type species is from North America) is described herewith. 1. TUMIDISCAPUS AUSTRALIENSI3 new species. Male: — Length, 0.75 mm. Golden yellow and like the North American species, except that the second funicle joint is quadrate and barely longer than the first, the proximal club joint somewhat larger than it. Female: — Not known. Described from one male captured by sweeping in the forest, April, 1912. Uauitat: Nehon (Cairns), Queensland. Type: 'No. Hy 1745, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. • Fore wing lightly dusky under all of marginal vein, margin to margin, picetpes new species (Kelson N 0., AUSTRALIAN RYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIBEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 195 GeinUS MARLATTIELLA Howard. Fore wings with au oblique hairless line; uutenna) in the female ■i-joiuted, one small fiinit'le joint, the club long, solid. Marginal vein longer than the submarginal, the stigmal normal. 1. MARLATTIELLA ALEYRODESII Cameron. Cameron, J9:2, pp. 215-216. I take the principal ciiaracters of this species from the original description: — Yellow; mcsonotum and dorsum of abdomen reddish orange; wings hyaline; body smooth and shining; submarginal vein longer than the marginal; scape a little shorter than the club. ILubiiut: Broken Hill, New South "Wales. Type: Unknown. Genus PLASTOCHAEELLA Girault. Differs from Thysaiuis Ilaliday in having three true funicle joints (instead of three xing-joiuts, the funicle absent) and the margip^il cilia of fore wings very short. Scutum and scutellum with a median grooved line. Antenna) 6-jointed. Fore wings with an oblicjue hair- less line, densely ciliated. Male only. 1. PLASTOCHARELLA FUSCIPENNIS Girault. Male. Genotype. Orange yellow, the abdomen black, also the legs except the trochanters, knees, tips of tibia) and the tarsi; antenna dusky, last two joints black; hind wings embrowned, clearer toward tip, the fore wing similarly so Tmt less clear toward tip, clear and nearly naked proxi- mad of the bend of the submarginal vei-i. Mesopleurum and tegula black. Haliitat : Ingham, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 171G, Queensland Museum. Genus MYOCNEMELLA Girault. Differing from all the genera of the subfamily in being 9-jointed antennas with two minute ring-joints. With the habitus of AbUriis Howard, the ovipositor strongly exserted for a third of the length of the abdomen ; intermediate tibite and first tarsal joint greatly, foliately flattened, also the femur somewhat flattened toward tip. Third funicle joint abruptly short and transverse, tlie funicle 3-jointed, the club 2-jointed. Hind femur compressed. Club somewhat as in the genus Aphelinoidea of the Triehogrammatida). Marginal vein distinctly shorter than tho submarginal. The male is not known. 1. MYOCNEMELLA BIFASCIATA Girault. Female. Genot:yT)e. Dark metallic blue, the legs and antennre black; middle tarsal joints white; fore wings with two creseentric cross-stripes of brownish, one from the apical two thirds of the marginal vein (the broader), the other between the end of the stigmal vein and apex of wing; also a spot proximad at caudal margin which is large and sends out an arm to the first cross-stripe. A patch of coarse cilia under marginal vein, distal half. Other discal ciliation absent except from distal stripe to wing apex and along caudal half or more of first stripe. Haliitat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1747, Queensland Museum. 196 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Genus THYSANUS Haliday. This genus eertaiuly resembles Sif/itipliora Ashmead of the Eneyrtida; in most respects, judgincif from Haliday 's figures and JToerster's description, but if these latter are correct, the resemblance is not very close. Gkxus MYIOCNEMA Ashmead. Differs from Encarsia Foerster in having the hind tibia? armed with very stiff black bristles 1. MYIOCNEMA PALLIDA Ashmead. Ashmead, 1900, Canadian Entomologist. London, Ontario, xxxii., p. 349. Haliitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: Probably in the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Host: Saisseiia olece Bernard. TABLE TO THE APHELININE GENERA OF EULOPHID.^. Australia. Femaijes. The following table is adapted from Howard (1907), making changes where necessary. The tribe is characterised by the 5-jointed tarsi. An oblique hairless line is frequently borne by the fore wing. Fore wings with an obliquely transverse hairless line running back from the stigmal vein. Antennae 4-jointed, with one short funicle joint, the club long, solid. Scape slender, the pedicel swollen; ovipositor somewhat exserted. Marlattiella Howard (Type: M. prima Howard). Antenna) 6-jointed without a ring-joint, the club 2-jointed. Scape normal. Ovipositor distinctly exserted ; fore wings irregularly maculate. Postscutellum of mesothorax acutely triangular. Perissopterus Howard (Type: Aphelinus pulchellus Howard). Ovipositor scarcely exserted; fore wings usually hyaline, rarely fuscous. Thoracic notal sckrites normal. Aphelinus Da Iman (Type: Entedon ahdominolis Dalman). Scape greatly enlarged ventrad (male). Tumlrliscapus Givaalt (Type: T. pavus Girault). Fore wings without an obliquely transverse hairless line running back from stigmal vein. Antennas 6-jointed, the fvmicle 3-jpinted, no ring-joints. Marginal cilia of fore wing very short; sr-utum and scutelbim with a median groove. Male. Plastocharella Girault (Type: P. fuscipennis Girault). Antennna 7-iointed, a^ itliout a ring-joint, the club 2-jointed. Ovipositor scarcely extruded; funicle 1 shorter than 2 or 3. Physcus Howard (Type: Coccophagus varicornis Howard). AUSTEALIAN EYMENOPTEEA CRALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 197 Antennae S-jointed, with one ring-joint, the club solid. Ovipositor distinctly exserted; stigmal vein normal; funicle 3 usually abruptly shortened; fore wings infuscated and sometimes reticulately patterned, rarely hyaline. Marginal cilia of fore wing variable, often long; antennae varicoloured; body metallic. Ablerus Howard (Type: Centrodora clisiocampce Ashmead). Antenna? S-jointed, withoitt a ring-joint; flagellum cylindrical; legs normal; marginal cilia of fore wing shorter than the greatest width of that wing. Club 2-jointed. Hind tibial armed with very stiff black bristles. Myiocnema Ashmead (Type: M. comperei Ashmead). Hind tibias simple. Encarsia Foerster (Type: E. tricolor Foerster). Club .3 -jointed. Marginal vein shorter than the submarginal. Prospaltella Ashmead (Type: Prospalta murtfeldtii Howard). Marginal vein as long as or longer than the submarginal. CoccophagUS Wostwood (Type: C. pulchellus Westwood). Autennaa 9-jointed with one ring-joint. Club 3-jointed; marginal fringes of fore wing long, longer than the greatest width of the wings; fore wings obtusely conical; stigmal vein not promi- nent. Ovipositor not exserted. Aspidiotiphagus Howard (Type: CoccopJiagus citrinus Craw). Antennee Ojointed with tico ring-joints. Club 2-jointed; ovipositor strongly exserted; intermediate tibiae and first tarsal joint foliaceoiisly flattened; funicle 3 abruptly short and transverse; marginal ^ein distinctly shorter than the submarginal; fore wings usual in shajje, their marginal cilia not as long as the greatest width. Myocnemella Girault (Type: M. lifasciata Girault). Tribe PTEROPTRICINI. The tribe is characterised by the 4-jointed tarsi. The oblique hairless line of the fore wings rare mth the genera if not absent. Genus BARDYLIS Howard. Antennte 7-jointed without a ring-joint, the funicle 2-, the club long ovate, 3-jointed. First tarsal joint of middle legs nearly as long as joints 2 and 3 combined, the middle tibial spur not quite as long as the first tarsal joint. Marginal vein somewhat shorter than the sub- marginal ; marginal cilia of fore wing rather long, the discal cilia dense, no oblique hairless line from stigmal vein. Funicle joints longer than wide, the flagellum clavate. Male antenniB 8-jointed, more slender, the joints of flagellum not much unequal, the club S-jointed; the tarsi are longer. ]98 ME2I0IES OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 1. BARDYLIS AUSTRALIENSIS Howard. Female, male. Genotype Howard, J 907, pp. 84-8-5, fig. 21. Head, pronotum, scutum, tegiila) and abdomen brown; seiitellum, metascutum, mesopleura and metapleura dull orange yellow; antennae, coxsb and femora light brown. Fore wings with a dusky (.'loud below marginal vein. Mesoscutum faintly aciculate, the occiput densely and finely ao. In the male the clouded portion of fore wing is lighter than in the female. Haliitat: Swan Eiver and Perth, West Australia. Types: Cat. No. 10,311, United States National Museum, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Genus CASCA Howard. Antennsr- T-jointed, somewhat clavate, the club 3-jointed, its joints subequal, the region long; funicle joints longer than wide. Tarsal joints of middle legs all short and subequal, the intermediate tibial spur as long as the first two tarsal joints of middle legs taken together. Marginal vein somewhat shorter than the submarginal, the fore -wings uniformly ciliate, the marginal cilia long; no oblique hairless line. Male not known. Fore wing curved or broken. 1. CASCA NIGRA new species. Male: — Length, 0..50 mm. Black; antenna;, knees, distal halves or more of tibiaa and tarsi pale yellow; scutellum brownish with slight yellow; fore wings embrowned out to the end of the marginal vein or slightly beyond. Funicle 1 quadrate, no longer than the pedicel, joint 2 transverse, joint 3 a quarter longer than 1 ; the three club joints subequal in length, each slightly longer than funicle 3. Mandibles tridentate. A very short ring-joint present? Eemoved from Archenomus Howard. Hahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: 'No. Ily 1748, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. The female of this species w'as discovered later, upon which the species was removed to Casca, with w'hich it agrees; accordingly, the male of Casca agrees with the female of Arche- nomus. I describe the female herewith. The tarsi of both sexes are alike, also the wings. Female: — Length, 0.45 mm. Black, the coxeb and femora concolorous or dusky, rest of legs white; proximal half of tibia sometimes dusky; fore wing more or less distinctly infuscated out to end of venation and a more or less distinct broad hairless line back from end of venation; longest marginal fringes about a third of the greatest wing width (fore wing) ; antennaj yellowish, the second funicle joint slightly longer than the first. Scutellum yellowish. Described from six or seven females reared from a Chionaspis on cockatoo apple, forest, December 18, 1911. Hahitat: Nebon (Cairns), Queensland. The above male was captured by sweeping jungle growth along a forest streamlet, April 15, 1913, AUSTRALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CEALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAVLT. 199 Subfamily TETRASTICHIjSTyE. Tribe TETEASTICHINI. Genus TETRASTICHUS Haliday. 1. TETRASTICHUS ARSES Walker. Female. See De Dalla Torre, 189S, p. 10. Tasmania. 2. TETRASTICHUS AUTONAE Walker. Female See De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 11. Tasmania. 3. TETRASTICHUS BAUCIS Walker. Female. See De Dalla Torre, 1S9S, p, 11. Australia. 4. TETRASTICHUS DYMAS Walker. Female See De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 14. Tasmania. 5. TETRASTICHUS GLYCON Walker. Female. See De Daila Tori-e^ 1S9S, p. 16. Tasmania. 6. TETRASTICHUS HIPPASUS Walker. Female. See De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 16. Tasmania. 7. TETRASTICHUS LELAPS Walker. Female. See De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 17. Australia. 8. TETRASTICHUS NEIS Walker. See De Dalla Torre, 1S9S, p. 19. Tasmania. 9. TETRASTICHUS OTYS Walker. Female. See De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 20. New South Wales. 10. TETRASTICHUS PROTO Walker. Female. See De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 21. Tasmania. 11. TETRASTICHUS VALENS Walker. Female, See De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 24. Tasmania. 12. TETRASTICHUS XENARES Walker. Female. See De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 25. Tasmania. 13. TETRASTICHUS ZALEUCUS Walker. Female. Sec De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 25. Tasmania. 14. TETRASTICHUS QUEENSLANDENSIS Girault. Female. Dark metallic aeneous green, the tibisa and tarsi straw yellow, pale, the femora and the ?oxse concolorous with the body; scape black and the rest of antennaa. Wings hyaline. 200 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. PK.podeum reticulated, tricarinate, the spiracle large, elliptical, just mesad of the lateral carina), funicle joints each twice or more the length of the pedicel. Median carina of propodeuni short but complete. Habitat: Queensland (? Brisbane). Forest. Types: No. By J 749, Queensland Museum. 15. TETRASTICHUS VICTORIENSIS Girault. Female. Shining black, the median groove of scutum and the lateral margin of scutellum straw yellow, also the antenna?, venation, tarsi, knees and portion of the tibiee. Wings very slightly eni})io\^T]ed throughout and a light stain under apex of stigmal vein. Pedicel long, obconic, joints 1 and 3 of funicle subequal, joint 2 shorter and subquadrate. Hahitat: Melbourne, Victoria. Type : No. Hy 1200, Queensland Museum. 16. TETRASTICHUS NELSONENSIS Girault. Female and male. Much like Tcirastichella fasciatus but the abdomen less regularly banded, there being but five transverse stripes, the proximal one faint, the fourth abbreviated laterad, the fifth consisting merely of a transverse dash on each side of the meson. A rovmd black spot in centre of scutum on each side of meson (sometimes obscure) ; an elongate spot in the centre of mesal margin of each parapside and a round dot in centre of scutellum at cephalic three fourths; another similar spot on the shoulder, directly cephalad of the base of each parapside. Differs markedly from fasciatus in that the discal ciliation of the fore wing beneath the marginal vein is coarser and less dense than that distad of the venation; in fasciatus the ciliatioQ is equally flue and dense. The male avei-ages a half smaller, the discal ciliation of the fore wing less dense but relatively the same. There are three black stripes across the abdomen on distal half, the first interrupted at the meson. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Types: No. Hy 1750, Queensland Museum. 17. TETRASTICHUS FLAVIOS Girault. Female. Dark aeneous green, the face beneath antenna? straw yellow, the legs white, the hind C0X89 blue; . wings hyaline. Abdomen longer than the rest of the body, somewhat produced. Tegulai white, pedicel yellow beneath. Funicle joints not long, the distal one a little longer than wide. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1751, Queensland Museum. 18. TETRASTICHUS XANTHER Girault. Female. Reddish yellow, the abdomen with six black cross-stripes; centre of face and tip of ovipositor also black. Funicle joints cylindrical ovate. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Uy 175S, Queensland Museum. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 201 19. TETRASTICHUS SAINTPIERREI Girault. Female. Brilliant metallic grass green; the legs white except hind coxa; proximal third of abdomen orange yellow, the rest purple, the latter projecting at each lateral margin a little ■cephalad into the yellow; wings hyaline. First funicle joint longest. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Associated with Melaleuca, forest. Type: No. By 1753, Queensland Museum. 20. TETRASTICHUS LADDI Girault. Female. Like queenslandensis but the femora and pedicel concolorous, the distal funicle joint shorter and the propodeal spiracle is laterad of the lateral carina. Jlalntat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1754, Queensland Museum. 21. TETRASTICHUS MITTAGONGENSIS Girault. Female. Like laddi but the propodeum is longer, the distal club joint sjiiued at apex. Haliitat: Mittagong, New South Wales. Type: No. 7. 1S33, South Australian Museum, Adelaide. 22. TETRASTICHUS POINCAREI Girault. Female. Like queenslandcnais Girault but the femora concolorous and the abdomen produced into a slender stylus. p]ach funicle joint about twice longer than wide and only slightly unequal. Spiracle of propodeum laterad of the lateral carina. Hahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. .Jungle. Type: No. lly 1755, Queensland Museum. 23. TETRASTICHUS BICOLOR Girault. Female. Like flavios but black, the antennse black, the distal joint of funicle distinctly longer than wide; proximal third of abdomen lemon yellow, also the tegulce and legs. Hind coxa black. Median carina of propodeum short. Hahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1756, Queensland Museum. 24. TETRASTICHUS MARGIVENTRIS new species. Female: — Length, 2.00 mm. With the habitus of Ootetrastichus. Jet black, the wings hyaline, the coxl« concolorous, the legs and abdomen deep orange yellow, the abdomen at distal fourth or less and the lateral margins from base to tip rather broadly (continuously from dorsal to ventral aspects) black. Scape yellowish along proximal two thirds, elsewhere the antenna? black; pedicel elongate but shorter than the third funicle joint which is shortest of the funicle, the very long first funicle joint longer than the club. 202 MEMOIES OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. nearly twice the length of the pedicel. Club with a short nipple, long, the divisions not very distinct but jireseut. T^vo large ring-joints. Propodeum with a short median carina which is continued around the caudal margin by forking at the apex; the short lateral carina leads directly from tlic oval spiracle. Propodeum with a fine sculpture. Male : — Unknown. Described from a single female captured from the flowers of Boechea, April 22, 1913 (H. Hacker). Hahitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. 'Hyl'}57, Queensland Museum, tlie above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 25. TETRASTICHUS DARWINI new species. Female: — Length, 1.65 mm. Yellow-brown, the wings hyaline, the legs concolorous, the antennae black except the pale yellowish scape proximad of tip; pronotum dorsad, a large wedge-shaped spot at cephalic half of scutum on each side of meson, propodeum, apex of the parapsides and cephalic half of each axilla dusky black, abdomen with eight dusicy, narrow cross-stripes (including one at immediate base), the fifth very broadly interrupted at meson. Pedicel elongate, somewhat longer than the funicle joints which are more or less equal and about twice longer than wide; terminal seta of club much shorter than the first club joint which is about half of the club and somewhat shorter tl.an the funicle joints. Mandible? '3-dentate. Male: — Not known. Described fron. one female ca]itured by sweeping a forest streamlet edged with jungle growth, December :!, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Ealiiiat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Sy 1758, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 26. TETRASTICHUS MARGINATUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.15 mm. Agreeing with the description of Quadrasticlms sannio Girault but blacker, the abdomen broadly margined only for proximal two thirds but the extreme tip colored, the legs wholly yellow except coxae. Mandibles strongly bidentate and with a third minute tooth. Antennae yellow; first funicle joint as long as the pedicel, the other two subequal, longer than wide; club with a short nip>ple. Male : — Not known. Described from a single female captured by sweeping fruit and other trees along a tramway and in mixed jungle and forest along the Herbert Eiver, February 26, 1913. HaJjiiat: Halifax, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1759, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. AUSTRALIAN RYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IF.~GIEAVLT. 203 27. TETRASTICHUS COBDENI new species. Female: — Length, 1.20-1.50 mm. Somewhat like ticolor Girault but nearly the entire head is lemon yellow, the centre of the occiput blackish. The scape is also yellowish. Abdomen yellowish brown at i3roximal third, otherwise dark brown with more or less obscni'e cross-strijjes. Described from two females captured by sweeping, summit of Pyramid Mountain (3,000 feet), August 17, 1912. Dedicated with respect to Richard Cobden. BaJritat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1760, Queensland Museum, the two females together on a tag, one head on a slide. 28. TETRASTICHUS XANTHICOLOR new species. Female: — Length, 1.70 mm. Reddish yellow, the wings hyaline, the abdomen dusky and with more or less obscure transverse stripes; legs yellowish brown, the front coxa dusky at base; cephalic portion of scutum, cephalic end of parapsides, sides of thorax and the propodeum dusky. Pedicel not elongate, somewhat shorter than the first funicle joint which is not quite twice longer than wide, the other two each shortening somewhat; antennaB dusky yellowish brown. Mandibles tridentate. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping Leptospermum, April 16, 1913 (H. Hacker). Jialniat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1761, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 29. TETRASTICHUS 10 new species. Female: — Length, 1.35 mm. Greenish yellow marked with black as follows : The abdomen with four transverse stripes, the first one of these interrupted at the meson, not continuous there, the fourth stripe with an acute, triangular projection cephalad at the meson; a round spot at base of scutellum between the first grooves; the propodeum; cephalic half of each axilla; the parapsidal furrows margined rather broadly laterad ; cephalic third or less of scutum ; tip of abdomen and last tarsal joint; centre of occij)ut; base of hind coxa and femur the latter along one side ; and irregularly, the thoracic pleurum. Wings hyaline, the discal ciliation uniform. Pedicel longer than any of the funicle joints, the latter subquadrate, the first a little the longest; club joints wider than long. Second ring- joint extremely short, the first large, distinct. Male: — Not known. Described from one sijecimen captured by sweeping forest growths on Mount Pyramid (1,500-2,-500 feet), June 3, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Australia — Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 176S, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. ■204 MEMO IBS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. DIAGNOSIS OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF lETllASTICUUS HALIDAY. The species of Walker (1839) are omitted from the table for the reason that all we know of them is that they bear a median groove on the scutum; most probably they belong to various genera. Walker described all of them in Oirrospilus Westwood — an elachertine genus which Westwood describes as bearing 7-jointed antenna) but which Ashmead changes to '9-jointed with one ring-joint without giving reasons for so doing. Thus, if referred to the Tetrastichini they should have been placed more properly with Aiwostocelus. It is hazardous, however, to consider them other than as most-probable tetrastichine because of the thoracic .grooves. To attempt to identify them without seeing their types would be the more hazardous. None of the following species are likely to be Walker's since the latter are mostly from Tasmania. I. Metallic green. Abdomen normal, only slightly produced. Head and abdomen all concolorous; femora concolorous. Propodeal spiracle laterad of the lateral carina. Dark green, the coxae and femora concolorous; i:)roi)odevun short, the antennal club without a terminal spur. laddi Girault. The same; propodeum long, the distal club joint spined at apex. mittagongensis Girault. Propodeal spiracle mesad of the lateral carina. queenslandensis Girault. Either the head or the abdomen partly yellowish; femora white. Dark aeneous green, the face beneath antennae straw yellow; legs white, the hind coxa) blue; distal funicle joint a little longer than wide. fiavios Girault. Brilliant metallic green, the legs the same; proximal third of abdomen orange yellow, the rest purple. saintpierrei Girault. Abdomen produced into a stylus. Dark green; funicle joints about twice longer than wide and more or less equal. poincarei Girault. II. Black or dark purple. Abdomen all black. Median groove of scutum and lateral margins of scutellum straw yellow; also the antenna), venation, knees, tarsi and portions of the tibiae; joint 2 of funicle shortest, subquadrate. victoriensis Girault. Abdomen partly or mostly yellow. Head all black. Abdomen deep orange yellow, black at distal fourth and down each margin from base; legs colored like the abdomen (except coxae); antennae black; pedicel and funicle joints elongate; lateral carina leading directly from the spiracle. margiventris Girault. Abdomen lemon yellow, margined along each side from base to distal third with black and the extreme tip colored; legs except coxa, yellow; funicle joints not elongate. marginatus Girault. Head partly or mostly yellow. Face beneath antennae yellow; distal joint of funicle longer than wide; proximal third of abdomen lemon yellow, also the tegulse and legs; hind coxa black. hicolor Girault. AUSTEALIAN HTMENOPTEBA CEALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 205. Nearly entire head lemon yellow; abdomen yellowish brown at proximal third, the rest dark brown and with more or less obscure dusky cross-stripes; coideni Girault. III. Lemon or reddish or brownish yellow. Eeddish yellow. Thorax immaculate, the abdomen with six black cross-stripes; centre of face and tip of ovipositor black; funicle joints cylindrical ovate. xanilier Girault. *^ Cejihalic portion of scutum, cephalic end of parapsides, sides of thorax and the propodeum dusky; funicle 1 not quite twice longer than wide, the others shortening. xanthicolor Girault. i^cmon yellow, the antennae concolorous (see description). nelsonensis Girault. Greenish yellow, the abdomen with four cross-stripes (see description). io Girault. Brownish yellow, the legs concolorous, the antenna) black, the scape yellow nearly tO' tip; see description. darwini Girault. Genus MELITTOBIA Westwood. 1. MELITTOBIA AUSTRALICA Girault. Female, male. Brown-black; proximal two thirds of abdomen lighter; legs yellow, the coxas and femora washed with dilute dusky; antenna; brownish black; funicle joints 2 and 3 subequal, slightly wider than long, joint 1 subquadrate, slightly wider than the pedicel. Hind wings with about twelve lines of discal cilia where widest. Fore wrings about two and a quarter times- longer than wide. Distal joint of tarsi longest of the four. The cuneate scutum stained with minute setigerous dots. Scutellum longer than wide. Club with a stout terminal seta. The male is light honey yellow; abdomen dorsad, femora, distal tarsal joint and seapo subfuseous. Fore wings with about eight lines of discal cilia: funicle joints wider than long,, the first shortest, transverse; terminal spur of club just traceable. Habitat: Mt. Tambourine and Brisbane, Queensland. Host: Pison spinolce. Type : No. Hy 997, Queensland Museum. Genus SYNTOMOSPHYEUM Foerster. Ncotetrasticlius Perkins, 1912, is a synonym of this genus. 1. SYNTOMOSPHYEUM HYALINIPENNE Girault. Female. Purjilish black ; wings hyaline ; femora and coxaa more or less concolorous, the rest of legs yellowish. Antennae yellow-brown, the club not terminating in a spine; pedicel slightly longer than either of the funicle joints which are subequal and one and a quarter times longer than broad. Pi*opodeum shining, with a median carina. Hnlital : Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1763, Queensland Museum. * Epitetrasiiclncs. 206 MEMOmS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 2. SYNTOMOSPHYRUM GREGI new species. Female: — Length, 1.00 inin. Brown, the abdomen with four faint dusky transverse stripes, the wings hyaline; distal two thirds of scutuna and the legs yellow, the antennse black, filiform, slender, the pedicel elongate, nearly as long as the first funicle joint which is longest of the flagellum; distal funiele joint longer than any of the club joints but barely more so than the first two of that region which are subequal and twice longer than wide, the third joint ending in a stout, rather long seta. Male: — Xot known. Described from a single female captured by swee^jing Leptospermum, April 16, 1913 (H. Hacker), Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1761, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 3. SYNTOMOSPHYRUM PULLUM new species. Female: — Length, 1.05 mm. Brownish black, the seutellum laterad of first groove yellowish brown, the head except the cheeks just below the eyes which are dusky, golden yellow. Legs pale lemon yellow. Antenna? dusky black but otherwise as in Aprostocetus obscurus except the pedicel is distinctly shorter than the first funicle joint which is just about twice longer than wide. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweejiing in a jungle pocket, Islaj 26, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1765, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 4. SYNTOMOSPHYRUM FLAVISCUTELLUM new species. Female: — Length, 0.8.5 mm. Brownish black, the seutellum, postscutellum, lateral and cephalic margins of scutum and most of I'ae head bright lemon yellow, the Avings hyaline; legs bright pale lemon yellow, the coxa) and hind femora at proximal half concolorous with the body; antenna; pallid, the funiele joints all wider than long. Mandibles tridentate. From one female captured by sweeping in forest (Ayr), November 7, 1912 and another same situation, Townsville, January 27, 1913. Habitat : Ayr and Townsville, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1766, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. DIAGNOSIS OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF SYNTOMOSFHYEUM FOERSTER. 'Club not terminating in a distinct stout seta or spine. Purplish black, the tibi», tarsi and antennas yellowish; funicle joints a fourth longer than wide, subequal, the pedicel a little longer. hyalinapenne Girault. AUSTBALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 207 Brown-black, the scutellum, i^ostscutellum, lateral and cephalic margins of scutum and most of head bright lemon yellow; legs lemon yellow, except coxae and basal hall of hind femur; funiele joints all wider than long. fiaviscutellum Girault. Club terminating in a distinct seta or spine. Brown, the abdomen with four dusky cross-stripes; distal two thirds of scutum and the legs yellow, the antennae black, filiform, slender, the pedicel elongate and nearly as long as funiele 1. gregi Girault. Brown-black, the scutellum laterad of first groove yellowish brown, the head golden yellow- legs pale lemon yellow. Antennas dusky black; funiele 1 twice longer than wide. pullum Girault. Genus TETEASTICHODES Ashmead. 1. TETRASTICHODES FROGGATTI Ashmead. Tetrastichodes froggatti Ashmead, 1900, pp. 346-347. Yellow; a dusky band across vertex inclosing the ocelli; scutum, a dot on inner hind angle of parapsides, a spot on scutellum at anterior middle, propodeum and segments 3, 4 and 5 (more or less) of dorsal abdomen brown or brown-black. Wings hyaline. Legs pale yellowish. Antenna) light brownish. Habitat: Hornsby, New South Wales. Gall on Eucalyptus. Types: Cat. No. 4900, United States National Museum, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 2. TETRASTICHODES MORUM new species. Female: — Length, 0.70 mm. Short and robust. Brownish black, the wings hyaline, the legs (plus coxaj), base of abdomen broadly and a more or less distinct yellowish stripe just beyond, also the antennae, lemon yellow (scape not seen) ; front tibia with a black dot centrally, latero-ventrad, the proximal half of hind femur slightly embrowned. Head mostly lemon yellow. Mandibles tridentate; joint 1 of funiele as long as the other two combined which are much wider than long, 1 being quadrate. Male: — Not known. Described from two females captured with the preceding. Haiitat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1767, Queensland Museum, one of the above specimens on a slide (with two foreign specimens, the type head under a different cover with one of the foreign specimens). 3. TETRASTICHODES LINEATUS new species. Female: — Length, 0.85 mm. Golden yellow, the wings hyaline, marked with black as follows: Four stripes across abdomen, the first three interrupted rather widely along the meson and all thin, the fourth barely interrupted at meson and stout; immediate base of abdomen more or less obscurely at centre, a round dot on pronotum dorso-laterad, disk of propodeum, two wedge-shaped spots on scutum cephalad, one on each side of meson, one on each parapside, a rather large round spot in centre of scutellum at base, the tegulee and parts of axillae. Mandibles tridentate. Funiele joints all rather much wider than long, the last shortest, transverse. 208 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEEN SLAXD MUSEUM. Male: — The same or nearly. Described from one male and two females captured by sweeping in the forest along the banks of Cape Eiver, December 26, 1913. Eahitat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Types: Xo. Hy 1768, Queensland Museum, the above specimens on a slide. 4. TETRASTICHODES AUSTRALICUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.15 mm. Orange yellow, the abdomen lemon yellow and transversely striped with many obscure round dusky stripes; wings hyaline; legs lemon yellow; cephalic portion of scutum deep fuscous, the propodeum lemon yellow. Scape and pedicel yellow at sides and beneath, the rest of the antenna black, excepting the ring-joints; funiele and club joints elongate, those of the former subequal, twice the length of the pedicel nearly, the club joints shortening in succession, the first a fourth shorter than one of the funiele joints, the last no longer than the pedicel yet terminating in a long, stout spine-like process which is as long as the first club joint. Pedicel short. Mandibles tridentate. A fuscoiis spot at base of scutellum at meson; median carina of propodeum forked just before apex, the disk on each side of it fuscous. Apex of each parapside and axilla (cephalad) fuscous. Male: — Not known. Described from a single female captured by sweeping forest growth along a roadside, February 18, 1913. The peculiar antennaa are unicpie for the genus. Eahitat: Eipple Creek (Ingham), Queensland. Type: i^o. Hy 1769, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 5, TETRASTICHODES MARGISCUTUM new species. Female: — Length, 1..55 mm. Short and robust, the abdomen almost round from lateral aspect. Chocolate brown, the legs except the coxa3 and hind femora; sides of pronotum, tegulze, sides of scutum narrowly and each side of the grooves of scutellum, pale yellow or white. Thorax microscopically sheened or satiny; non-metallic. "Wings very broad, hyaline. Antennae pale brown, the scape compressed, the pedicel much longer than any of the funiele joints, the third joint of the fimicle transversly cup-shaped, the other two subequal and about twice longer but still wider than long. Mandibles tridentate. Head pale yellow or white. Male:- — The same but smaller and the incisions of abdominal segments pale and some- times, if not usually, conspicuous. Described from many specimens of both sexes reared from a gall on the foliage of Eucalyptus in forest, September 18, 1912. Also reared in large numbers from a tuber-like gall on Eucalyptus, September 2. 1913 (E. J. Girault). H ah it at : ISTelton (Cairns), Queensiaiul. Type: Xo. Hy 1770, Queensland Museum, one male, ore female together on a tag, two female heads on a slide. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 209 6. TETRASTICHODES AURISCUTELLUM new species. Female : — Length, 0.85 mm. Short, compact and robust. Funicle as in morum. Golden yellow, the wings hyaline, the pronotum, the abdomen except down the whole of the median line and a large wedge-shaped spot at cephalic margin of scutum on each side of meson, dusky black. Incisions of abdominal segments and the legs white, the hind coxa) more or le&s dusky. First funicle joint somewhat shorter than the pedicel. Male: — Not known. Described from one female caj^tured by sweeping in a jungle pocket, July 24, 1913. Halntat: Nelson (Cairns), Queonsland. Type: No. Hy 1771, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 7. TETRASTICHODES CONSOBRIJJUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.80 mm. Like fasciatus but the abdomen bears five narroiu stripes of black across it, all of which are interrupted at the meson except the third, the fifth stripe merely represented by a short, transverse dot in the centre of each medial half; also the dorsum of thorax is unmarked excepting for a small ovate spot at the apex of each axilla, a larger spot near the tegula just eaudo-laterad of the first and the cephalic margin of the propodeum and the latter 's meson. Centre of scutellum a little brownish. Second funicle joint shorter than the other two. Compared with specimens of fasciatus. Male : — Unknown. Described from three females reared with fasciaius from a lot of miscellaneous galls on Eucalyptus, September 18, 1912. Hahitat: Nelson (Cairn?), Queensland. Type: '^o.lly 1772, Queensland Museum, one of the above specimens on a tag, two heads on a slide. 8. TETRASTICHODES FASCIATUS (Girault). Female. Zagrammosomoides fasciatus Girault. Genotype. Flavous, the wings hyaline the appendages concolorous. Conspicuously marked with black as follows: In the dorsal aspect the abdomen is banded across the posterior margins of the segments commencing at base, there being six transverse stripes which lengthen (widen) distad. The propodeum is black, also the pronotum cephalad in the dorsal aspect on each side of the median line appearing like two large cuneate spots, a large ovate spot in the centre of the mososcutellum, an ovate spot on each side of (not upon) the scutum, in the cephalic angle of each axilla and a smaller spot at the cauclo-lateral angle of the pronotum. Cephalad in the disk the scutum is distinctly stained except along the median line; each parapside is similarly stained and also the vertex may be so the stained area projecting into the face (cephalic aspect) like wedges on each side. The antennae are suffused with dusky as are also' the femora of the legs more or less. The proximal club joint is nearly half as long as the entire club. Whole body finely polygonally reticulated, the vertex and face with more or less obscure umbilicate punctures. Funicle joints much smaller than the pedicel, subquadrate. 210 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Male: — Somewhat smaller; the same but the dark areas on the cephalic part of the scutum usually black and nearly coalesced; the abdomen bears only five transverse stripes which lengthen (become thicker) caudad, the second concaved at the meson, the fifth twice longer than the fourth, none of the distal four stripes with parallel margins. (Types re-examined.) Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1169, Queensland Museum. TABLE TO THE AUSTRALIAN FORMS OF TETRASTICHOBES ASHMEAD. Females. It is well to point out that there are two distinct types in Tetrasticliodes, the one robust, the antenna} short, the abdomen short and globular, the propodeum short and usually non- carinate; the other more slender, the antenna) with longer joints and slenderer club, the abdomen conic ovate, the propodeum long and with a distinct median carina. The former belong to the subgenus Zagrammosovioides Girault which I described as a genus in the Elacher- tini. However, its somewhat broken subm.arginal vein, the fine sculpture and the thoracic grooves serve to show its true affinities. It seems entitled to generic rank but I do not know the characteristics of the genotype of Tetrasticliodes, Yellow species. Scutum wholly black-brown. A dot on inner hind angles of parapsides, a spot at base of scutellum at meson, propodeum and segments 3-5 of abdomen brown or black-brown. Legs pale yellow. froggatti Ashmead. Scutum only partly black-brown or dusky. Funicle joints elongate (much longer than wide). Orange yellow, the abdomen lemon yellow and with many obscure, narrow dusky cross-stripes; cei)halic portion of scutum fuscous; sjape and pedicel yellow at sides and beneath, the antennsB black; funicle joints subequal, twice the length of the pedicel or nearly; a fuscous spot at meson, base of scutellum; median carina on propodeimi. Disk of propodeum on each side of meson, apex of parapsides and axillae cephalad, fuscous. australica Girault. Funicle joints short, quadrate or wider than long. Abdomen with cross- stripes. Golden yellow; four cross-stripes on abdomen, the first three interrupted at meson, a dot on pronotum dorso-laterad, disk of propodeum, two wedge-shaped spots on cephalic scutum, another on each parapside, a round spot at centre of scutellum at base, black. Funicle joints all wider than long. lineatus Girault. Yellow; six complete cross-stripes on abdomen; pronotum cephalad on each side of median line, propodeum, a large ovate spot in centre of scutellum, an ovate spot on each side (not upon) scutum at cephalic angle of each axilla and a smaller spot on pronotum caudo-laterad black; scutum stained cephalad on each side of meson, also each parapside and the vertex (more or less). Proximal club joint nearly half the club. fasciatus Girault. AUSTRALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CEALCIDOIDEA, ir.—GIRAULr. 211 The same; five narrow cross-stripes on abdomen, all interrupted at the meson except the third, the fifth represented by a transverse dot centrally on each side; thorax unmarked excepting for a small ovate dusky spot at the apex of each axilla, a larger spot near the tegula just caudo-laterad of the first and cephalic margin of propodeum and the meson of the latter. Funicle 2 shorter than others. consohrinus Girault. Abdomen without cross-stripes. Golden yellow; i^ronotum, abdomen except down the whole of the median line and a large cuneate spot on each side of meson of cephalic scutum, dusky black. Legs pale. Funicle 1 quadrate, the other two wider than long. auriscutellum Girault. Brown or brownish black species. Scutellum concolorous. Brownish black; head, base of abdomen and a cross-stripe distad a little farther and the legs lemon yellow; joint 1 of fuuicle equal to 2 and 3 combined. morum Girault. Scutellum with the grooves pallid yellowish. Chocolate brown; head, sides of scutum narrowly, legs except coxaj and hind femora and the antennaa pallid; funicle 1 shorter than 2 and 3 combined, subequal to 2. margiscutum Girault. GEi\-u.s APKOSTOCETUS Westwood. 1. APKOSTOCETUS KURANDENSIS (Girault). Female. Tetrastichus Tcurandensis Girault. Bright dark metallic green-blue, tibiae and tarsi straw yellow, the femora more or less metallic; scape brown, the pedicel dark fuscous; rest of antennae black; propodeum tricarinate, the large spiracle laterad of the lateral carina; funicle joints each twice or more the length of the pedicel; third club joint with a terminal spur. Abdomen conic-ovate. Wings hyaline. Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Jungle? Type: No. Ey 1773, Queensland Museum. 2. APKOSTOCETUS IMPEKIALIS new species. Female: — Length, l.lo mm. Dark metallic purple including dorsum of abdomen excepting a large round lemon yellow spot centrally at base; rest of abdomen and legs pale lemon yellow; antennae pale dusky yellow, the second funicle joint subequal to the pedicel, the first a little longer; the third shortest of the funicle, a little longer than the first club joint which is longer than wide. Pedicel long. Male: — Not known. From two females captured August 2, 1913 by sweeping in forest (A. P. Dodd). Eaiitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1774, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on tag, the head on a slide. 212 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 3. APROSTOCETUS VIRIDIFLAVUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.60 mm. Intense greenish yellow, the wings hyaline; immaculate, flagellum darker, the funicle joints long, the second one a little the longest, the first a little tlie shortest, subequal to the rather long pedicel Axhich is black above at base; distal club joint nippled, dusky, shortest (excluding the nipple) ; flagellum with scattered, long hairs. Mandibles tridentate. A dark, :-!rea on abdomen just before tip. Male : — Unknown. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, June 27, 1913 (slight jungle ;t:!o. By 178S, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 11. APROSTOCETUS FLAVICAPUT new species. Female: Length, 1.20 mm. Dark metallic green, the wings hyaline, the abdomen longer than the thorax, conic-ovate, dark; legs except coxae, white, the head yellow, the antenna) dusky yellow, the scape and pedicel paler; joints 2 and 3 of funicle subequal, shortest, joint 1 longer than the pedicel which is subequal to joint 2 of the funicle which is somewhat longer than wide; club with a small nipple. Propodeum very short at the meson. Mandibles tridentate, Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured from a window in an iron foundry, December 26, 1911. Hahitat: Mareeba, Queensland. Type: No. By 1783, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. AUSTBALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIRAULT. 215 12. APROSTOCETUS GOBIUS new species. Female: — Length, 0.89 mm. Chocolate brown, the scape and pedicel pallid, the funicle and club pallid dusky, the legs yellow brown; seutellum darker; wings hyaline, the marginal fringes lengthened some- what, the stigmal vein long and very slender, the postmarginal developed somewhat. Ovipositor distinctly but shortly extruded. Propodeum with a median carina only. Antenna) slender, filiform and loosely jointed, funicle 1 distinctly longer than the rather long pedicel (which narrows proximad), funicle 3 subequal to pedicel and first club joint; distal club joint with a long terminal spine. Funicle with scattered, soft long hairs. Scape slender. Mandibles tridentate. Male: — Not known. Described from one female caj^tured by sweeping in jungle, September 14, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Type: 'No. Hy 1784, Queensland Museum, the above female on a tag, the head on a slide with the type of Ooctonus gigas Girault. 13. APROSTOCETUS POMOSUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.10 mm. Golden yellowish brown, the wings hyaline; pronotum, all of abdomen except at base and tip rather broadly, cephalo-lateral portion of propodeum and the flagellum black; scape and distal half of pedicel pale yellowish, the flagellum filiform, clothed with scattered long hairs and as in gobius but the funicle joints are all equal, or 2 and 3 slightly longer than 1, the pedicel is shorter than in gohius, distinctly shorter than funicle 3. Propodeum with a pair of delicate median carin;^. Postmarginal vein wholly absent. Mandibles tridentate. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the jungle, September 15, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1785, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. TABLE TO THE SPECIES OF APEOSTOCETUS WESTWOOD OF AUSTEALIA. Females. Metallic green or purj^le species. Body wholly metallic green (excluding appendages). Dark metallic green, the tibiae and tarsi straw yellow, the femora washed with metallic ; scape brown, the pedicel fuscous, rest of antenna black. Propodeum tricarinate; funicle joints each twice or more the length of the pedicel. Tiurandensis Girault. Body (excluding appendages) more or less yellow. Dark metallic green, the wings hyaline; legs intense lemon yellow except coxs9; proxi- mal half or more of hind femur green; tegulse, propleurse, cephalic margin of pronotum and a narrow transverse line near caudal margin of same on each side of meson, lemon yellow. Antennaa yellow, the funicle joints subquadrate, joint 1 a little longer. montanus Girault. QU MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Dark metallic purple; abdomen, knees, tibiaa and tarsi pale lemon yellow; abdomen margined down each side rather broadly nearly to tip with purple and crossed on the distal half by thin faint purplish stripes. Joints 2 and 3 of funicle subequal, each distinctly longer than the first. margiventris Girault. The same; hind margin of pronotum, head, a large spot near lateral margin on pronotum, propleurte, inner and cephalic margins of axillae, abdomen at base on each side and a stripe just before tip, lemon yellow. 'purinireus Girault. Dark metallic purple; a large round yellow spot centrally at base of abdomen dorsad; venter of abdomen and legs lemon yellow; pedicel long, joint 3 of funicle shortest. imperialis Girault. Dark metallic green, the head yellow, the legs white except coxse; pedicel subequal to joint 2 of funicle. flavicaput Girault. Black species. Abdomen brownish, lemon yellow at base, the legs and inner margins of parapsides, yellow; funicle joints subquadrate, 1 a little the longest, slightly shorter than the pedicel. nigrithorax Girault. Greenish, brownish or golden yellow species. Lemon yellow, the antennae and legs concolorous; two cross-stripes of fuscous on abdomen just at middle, the first widely interrupted at middle; a long dusky spot down cephalo-mesal side of each axilla; funicle joints all a little longer than wide, shorter than the elongate pedicel. flavus Girault. Golden yellow; the same but there is a line of three rather large dots along each side of abdomen at proximal half and a fuscous dot on pronotum at latero-caudal angle. Pedicel not elongate, longer than the subc[uadrate funicle joints. sexguttatus Girault. Intense greenish yellow, non-metallic and immaculate; funicle joints long, 2 a little the longest, 1 subequal to the rather long pedicel which is black above at base; a dark area on abdomen just before tip. viridiflavus Girault. Yellowish brown; pronotum, cephalic part of scutum and its median sulcus, inner sides of parapsides, propodeum, postscutellum and three cross-stripes on abdomen just distad of middle, blackish; joints 2 and 3 of funicle longest, 1 over twice longer than wide. oh scums Girault. (See descriptions of goTiius and pomosus.) Genus OOTETRASTICHUS Perkins. Synonym: Tricltaporoides Girault. The original description of this genus is not very clear but the elongated funicle joints and the long 2-jointed club are characteristic and I have very little doubt but that I have correctly described the genus under the name of Tricliaporoides which is thus a true synonym. The antennae show four ring-joints. 1. OOTETRASTICHUS BEATUS Perkins. Genotype. OotetrasticMis heatus Perkins, 1905, pp. 263-265, pi. xx., fig. 8. Ootetrastichus heatus Perkins, 1912, pp. 7, 9, 10. Pale or greenish yellow marked with dark fuscous or black as follows: Two subcontiguous spots on mesonotum in front, extending on to the pronotum and there connected; one at each AUSTBALIAN HYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, ir.—GIEAULT. 217 posterior angle of pronotum; anterior angles of parapsides and of the axillaa; a line and •one or two obscure marks near the tegulse; propodenm toward the sides; four or five pairs of marginal dots on the abdomen dorsad, the ovipositor and the tip of the tarsi. In certain lights, these dark markings show metallic green. Only slightly variable. Habitat: Queensland, Australia; Fiji. Types: (?) In the collections of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Honolulu. 2. OOTETRASTICHUS FASCIATIVENTRIS (Girault). Female. Type of Trichaporoides. Light lemon yellow marked with metallic greenish black or purplish as follows: The •abdomen with about five transverse stripes and a longitudinal row of three spots on each side, the distal two just distad of the first and second stripes respectively; an inverted subcordate marking at the middle of the cephalic margin of scutum, the dorsal aspect of propodeum, the axillas and a large spot, just before base (cephalad) eej^halo-mesad on each parajjside; a short elliptico-transverse, oblique dash just cephalad of the jjarapside; the distal tarsal joints and the tip of the valves of the ovipositor. Differs from beatus in the rather faint abdominal ■stripes, the wholly purplish ]iropodeum and the solid marking on cephalic scutum. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 17S6, Queensland Museum. 3. OOTETRASTICHUS VIRIDITHORAX Girault. Female. Triclutporoides viridithorax Girault. Briglit metallic green, the abdomen very pale yellow with the centre broadly blackish along the meson frorn apex proximad a little more than half way to base, this coloration verging to metallic green at apex; a line of blackish around base and down each side (dorsal •aspect) for a quarter the length of the abdomen; rather faint cross-stripes on abdomen. Lower half of face yellowish. Hind coxa concolorous, rest of legs pale yellow. Pedicel as long as the third funiele joint. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1787, Queensland Museum. 4. OOTETRASTICHUS FLAVUS (Girault). Female. Trichaporoides flavus Girault. Differs from fasciativentris in lacking the metallic coloration, in having but four abdominal stripes, in having the pedicel plainly shorter than the distal funiele joint and in being brownish yellow, the thorax obscurely dusky, more esjiecially at cephalic margin of scutum centrally. Habitat: Babinda (Cairns), Queensland. Jungle. Type: No. Hy 17S8, Queensland Museum. 5. OOTETR.'iSTICHUS NYMPHA (Girault). Female. Trichaporoides nympha Girault. Differing from viridithorax in having the proximal half of the abdomen pale lemon yellow :and the entire head the same color; also the hind coxa is yellow like the rest of the .legs. 218 MEMOIBS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Sides of thorax around Aving iBsertion and the prepeetus, pale yellowish. Oeellar area metallic green. Scape yellow, the funicle joints subequal, the first somewhat longest. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: 'No. Ey 1789, Queensland Museum. 6. OOTETRASTICHUS GROTIUSI new species. Female: — Length, 1.25 mm. Bright metallic green, the wings hyaline, the head, legs except the concolorous hind coxa and the black distal tarsal joints, abdomen except distal fourth which is metallic green and three or four cross-stripes of dusky at middle, pale lemon yellow; oeellar area colored some- what. Sides of pronotum lemon yellow, also the prepeetus. First funicle joint distinctly longer than the second which is subequal to the third. A black stripe across between the eyes (but on the occiput?). Allied with nympha. Male : — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest, July 9, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Dedicated to Hugo Grotius. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1790, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a alide^ Another female was captured in a similar situation, August 3, 1913. 7. OOTETRASTICHUS INGHAMENSIS new species. Female: — Like the i>receding (grotiusi) but the distal third of abdomen green, the cross-stripes absent, but the distal green continued up each margin to base. Prepeetus concolorous and propleura also. From one female captured by sweeping a boggy meadow, July 17, 1912. Eabitat: Ingham, Queensland. Type: No. Eyl791, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 8. OOTETRASTICHUS LUSTRIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.25 mm. Like suhlustris but the margins of the eyes are yellowish and the scape all dusky, the antennaa differing as follows: — The funicle joints are shorter and stouter, also the club whose two joints are subequal (in sublustris, the proximal joint distinctly shorter than the distal) ; the first funicle joint is not more than twice its width (somewhat over thrice in sublustris) ; the pedicel is subequal to the distal club joint (distinctly shorter than it is in sublustris). The three teeth of the mandibles one short but distinct (in s^iblustris the two inner teeth are hardly separated). Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, June 27, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1792, Queensland Museum. The above specimen on a tag, the head on a. slide. AUSTRALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 219 9. OOTETRASTICHUS SUBLUSTRIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.25 mm. Differing from the other species in being ^Yholly metallic dark green, the scutum coppery, the legs white except the concolorous hind coxa, the abdomen striped with white due to the white incisions showing; scape white, rest of antennso black, the first funicle joint longest, not as long as the club, the third funicle joint distinctly longer than the pedicel. Male:— 'Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping grass in a forest streamlet, July .9, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1703, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 10. OOTETRASTICHUS MISERICORDIA new species. Female: — Length, 1.05 mm. Slender and with the habitus somewhat of Gonatocerus. Dark aeneous green, the head above the antennas (including vertex and upper fourth, more or less, of occiput), scape, pedicel and ring-joints and a rather broad band around base of abdomen, pale lemon yellow, also the legs excej^ting the concolorous hind coxa. Best of abdomen dusky, submetallic at distal half; rest of antennae dusky, the first funicle joint a little shorter than the club, the second and third subequal to the pedicel. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping jungle along a forest streamlet, Juno 16, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hyl7Di, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 11. OOTETRASTICHUS CONSIMILIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.50 mm. Like ■flavus but the pedicel as long as the distal funicle joint and the pronotum and propodeum are black, the abdomen margined down each side with fuscous nearly to tip and with four cross-stripes of fufcous (no other markings) ; upper part of occiput transversely fuscous. Distal club joint not greatly longer than the proximal. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping the jungle along a forest streamlet, December 1, 1912 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1705, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 220 MEMOIES OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 12. OOTETRASTICHUS SILVENSIS new species. Female: — 1.45 mm. Metallic green, tinged with purple and like speciosissimiis Girault but the whole head eoncolorous and excepting for an elliptical spot in centre at base, nearly the proximal half of abdomen all around pale vviiitish; the legs are white except the eoncolorous hind coxa (white, however, at distal third) ; scape white^ the flagellum dusky yellow, the first funicle joint distinctly shorter than the club, the pedicel distinctly shorter than the third funicle joint. Male: — Unknown. Described from one female captured by sweeping a jungle-edged forest streamlet, January 3, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: Iso. Ry 17D6, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 13. OOTETRASTICHUS GUTTATA new species. Female: — Length, l.lo mm. Orange yellow; wings hyaline, other appendages eoncolorous; cephalic two thirds of axilla, five large subquadrate spots along each side of abdomen and a large oval spot in centre of abdomen at about proximal third, fuscous. First funicle joint not as long as the club but distinctly the longest. Tip of valves of ovipositor black. Male:- — Not known. Described from a female captured by sweeping low vegetation in the forest on the side of Mount Pyramid, November 21, 1911 (elevation about 500 feet). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hyl797, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 14. OOTETRASTICHUS SPECIOSISSIMUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.40 mm. Metallic purple^ the face centrally above antennae, the mesal margins of each eye, the scape, ring-joints and pedicel, the legs (except the eoncolorous hind coxa) and somewhat over proximal third of abdomen pale lemon yellow; antennee blackish, also the pedicel above. The yellowish proximal third of abdomen crossed distad by a cross-stripe of narrow dusky and distad of this stripe, the yellow is narrowed by the short space being margined at each side with purplish. A very narrow stripe, triangularly accented, at immediate base of abdomen. First funicle joint as long as the club, the other two more or less equal (not subequal), the third somewhat shorter than the pedicel. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping jungle. May, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 17''S, Queensland ]\Iuseum, the above specimen on a tag, Ihehead on a slide with the type head of Diaulomella australiensis Girault. AUSTRALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CEALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 221 15. OOTETRASTICHUS SPECIOSUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.60 mm. Metallic aeneous green, the mouth, the legs except last two pairs of coxte, a stripe across base of abdomen broken by a small green triangle at immediate centre of base and a broad stripe down each side (lateral aspect) from base nearly to apex, golden or lemon yellow. Wings nyaline. First funicle joint nearly twice the length of the third. Scape and pedicel suffused with yellow. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, July 9, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. RynVD, Queensland ]\Iu!-eum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 16. OOTETRASTICHUS PROSERPINENSIS new species. Female: — Length, 2 mm. Slender. Dailc metallic aeneous green, the broad wings hyaline, the venation, legs (excepting hind coxsB, the others not seen), head below the antennas and the scape pale lemon yellow; funicle and club black (antennge lost before examined under the microscope). A deep orange yellowish spot in centre of abdomen just out from base. Thorax densely sculptured as in Tetrastichus,. the propodeum with a long median carina, densely polygonally punctate. Last tarsal joint black. Mandibles 4- dentate. Male: — Not known. Described from a single female captured on a window, November 4, 1912. Habitat: Proserpine, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1800, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. TABLE OF THE AUSTEALIAN SPECIES OF OOTETBASTICHUS PERKINS. Females. I. Wholly metallic dark green (excluding appendages). Legs except hind coxaa, and the scape white; rest of antennce black; funicle 3 distinctly longer than tlie pedicel, funicle 1 longest, thrice longer than wide, not as long as the club. sublustris Girault. II. Metallic green or purple (excluding appendages), marked more or less with yellow. Thorax entirely metallic. Abdomen wholly metallic. Wholly dark melallic green except the margins of the eyes; scape dusky; lik6 sublustris but. the two club joints subequal, the funicle joints shorter and stouter, funicle 1 twice its width; pedicel subequal to fiinicle 3. liistris Girault. Abdomen marked more or Icfs with yellow. Metallic green. Bright green, the abdomen very pale yellow, tho centre from apex broadly blackish along the meson a little more than half way to base and around base and along each side dorsad for the proximal fourth margined with black; pedicel as long as the first funicle joint. Legs pale, except hind coxse. Faint cross-stripes on abdomen. Lower face yellow. viridithorax Girault.. 222 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Deep aeneous green; a deep orange yellow spot in centre of abdomen just out from base; legs and face as in preceding species. proserpinensis Girault. Aeneous green, the mouth, legs except last two pairs of coxae, a stripe across base of abdomen and down each side (lateral aspect) from base nearly to apex, golden yellow; funicle 1 nearly twice the length of 3. speciosus Girault. The same ; the head above the antenna), scape, pedicel and a rather broad band around base of abdomen pale lemon yellow; also the legs; hind coxa metallic; abdomen dusky verging to metallic distad of middle; joints 2 and 3 of funicle subequal to pedicel. misericordia Girault. The same but tinged with purple; scape, legs (except hind coxa) and nearly proximal half of abdomen -whitish; pedicel distinctly shorter than funicle 3. silvensis Girault. (See description of inghamensis.) Metallic purple. Face above antennfc- centrally, mesal margins of eyes, scape, pedicel, legs (except hind coxa) and somewhat over proximal third of abdomen, pale lemon yellow, the yellow of the abdomen crossed distad by a cross- stripe of narrow dusky; funicle 1 as long as the club. speciosissimus Girault. Thorax mostly but not wholly metallic. Hind coxa yellow like the rest of the legs. Bright green, the head, jDroximal half of abdomen, sides of thorax around wing insertion and the prepectus, pale lemon yellow. Funicle 1 somewhat the longest. nympha Girault. Hind coxa metallic, not like the rest of the legs. Bright metallic green, the head, sides of pronotum, the prepectus and proximal three fourths of abdomen pale lemon yellow ; abdomen with three or four dusky cross-stripes at middle. Funicle 1 distinctly longer than either 2 or 3 which are subequal. grotiusi Girault. III. Pale lemon yellow or yellowish brown or orange. Pale yellow marked with metallic green. Two subcontiguous spots on mcsonotum cephalad (extending on to the pronotum and there connected), one on each hind angle of pronotum, cei^halic angles of the parapsides and of the axillae, sides of propodeum and four or five pairs of marginal dots on dorsal abdomen, blackish or metallic. beatus Perkins. An inverted subcordate marking on cephalic scutum, dorsal aspect of propodeum, the axillae, a large spot on each parapside cephalo-mesad, five transverse stripes across abdomen and three pairs of marginal spots, the distal two just distad of the first and second stripes respectively, metallic greenish or purple. fasciativentris Girault. Brownish or orange yellow. Brownish yellow, the thorax obscurely dusky especially at cephalic scutum centrally; abdomen with four transverse stripes; pedicel plainly shorter than the distal funicle joint. flavus Girault. AUSTEALIAN HYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 223 The same but the pronotum and proiiodeum black, tlie abdomen margined down each side with fuscous nearly to tip and with four cross-stripes; pedicel as long as funicle 3. consimilis Girault. Orange yellow, including appendages; cephalic two thirds of axilla), five large sub- quadrate spots along each side of abdomen and a large oval sjiot in centre of abdomen at about proximal third, fuscous. Funicle 1 distinctly the longest but distinctly shorter than the club. guttata Girault. OOTETEASTTCHELLA new genus. Differs from Ootetrasticlms Perkins in having the abdomen at tip produced into a long slender process, the ovipositor exserted at length ; the process above and two thirds the length of the exserted portion of ovipositor which is as long as the abdomen. Type: The following species. 1. OOTETRASTICHELLA LONGIVENTRIS new species. Female: — Length, 2.00 mm., excluding the ovipositor which is exserted for a length nearly equal to that of the abdomen. Brown, the head and body (above, especially mesonotum) with aeneous purj^lish greenish tinges, the very broad wings subhyaline; scape and legs pale yellowish brown, including the coxa}. Antennae black, the three funicle joints very long and slender, the last two subequal, the first longer than them nearly as long as the club of which the distal joint is the longer of the two; first ring-joint large (four ring-joints). Pedicel about half the length of joint 2 of the funicle. Face below antennto yellowish. Abdomen at tip produced into a long slender process nearly two thirds the length of the exserted part of the ovipositor. Male: — Not known. From one female captured by sweeping in virgin jungle, December 31, 1911. Habitat: Australia — Malanda, North Queensland. Type: No. By 1S01, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the antennae and fore wings on a slide. Genus TEICHAPOROIDELLA Girault.* Differs from Ootetrasticlms Perkins in having the club solid and in bearing but three ring-joints. Scutum simple. 1. TEICHAPOROIDELLA AENEA Girault. Female. Genotype. Dark metallic green, the wings hyaline, the legs lemon yellow, the coxa metallic at base; antennae black, the scape and pedicel with some yellow; funicle 1 subequal to the long club; propodeum with a median carina. Haiitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Ey 180S, Queensland Museum. • See p. 241, footnote. 224- MEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 2. TRICHAPOROIDELLA DECORA new species. Female: — Lengtli, 2.10 mm. Wholly dark metallic green excepting face below antenna) (and the corresponding part of occiput), margins of eyes on vertex narrowly, the scape (except along upper edge) and legs (except hind coxa) which are lemon yellow (also pedicel slightly beneath). Club slightly longer than the -first funicle joint which is over one and a half times longer than the pedicel, the latter distinctly shorter than the third funicle joint, two thirds (about) the length of the club. Propodeum with a median carina, densely scaly, rougher than the usual fine sculpture of rest of thorax. Male: — jSTot known. Described from one female captured by sweeping grass along a forest streamlet, August 7, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Hahiiat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: l^o. Hy 1S03, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 3. TRICHAPOROIDELLA SUBAENEA new species. Female: — Length, 1.25 mm. Like aenea but the lower part of the face, an ovate spot in the centre of the abdomen at base and the abdomen at proximal fifth beneath, golden yellow. Propodeum densely scaly. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, July 9, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Hahitttt: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy ISOi, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 4. TRICHAPOROIDELLA DUBIA new species. Female: — Length, 2.30 mm. ijiko aenea but the face below antennae yellow; propodeum as in decora, punctate but the surface no coarser in grain than the scaly scutellum. Median carina well developed and as in decora. One mandible bidentate, the second tooth broadly truncate, the other the same , but a seooped-out portion intervenes between the two teeth and the second tooth is only slightly broad at apex and there obliquely truncate. In decora both mandibles are tridentate, the two outer teeth acute and distinct; in suhaenea they are about the same. Spiracle small, round, over its own width from the postseutellum ; no lateral carina. The legs are intense lemon yellow while those of decora are pale. Tips of coxae yellow. Male: — Not known. Hahitat: Ayr, Queensland. Forest. Tyj)e : No. Hy 1805, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAXJLT. 225 5. TRICHAPOROIDELLA ELEGANTA new species. Female: — Length, 1.30 mm. Golden yellow, the propodenm, all of scutum except lateral margins, scutellum between the first grooves (median line broadly nearly to first grooves), meson of pronotum broadly, cephalic half or less of each parapside, over cephalic half of each axilla (except a small space centre of cephalic margin) and the margins of abdomen brokenly along slightly over cephalic half, dark metallic green; also thorax just laterad of each axilla and a spot on abdomen ai meson dorsad at distal three fourths; abdomen with about four dusky cross-stripes along the margined proximal part and an obscure fifth one across at the isolated spot. Tip of ovipositor valves black. Propodeum scaly. Antennse dusky; funicle 1 longest, 3 much shorter, slightly longer than the pedicel; club with a stout nijjple, more or less equal to joint 1 of funicle. Wings hyaline. Mandibles tridentate. Propodeum without true lateral carinae. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, February 20, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). A second specimen was seen later. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1806, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. Genus SELITEICHODELLA Girault. Antenna) 7-joiuted with one ring-joint, the club solid. Scutum with .\ median sulcus, the scutellum with four grooves. Propodeum tricarinate, the spiracle minute, round. Male antennae 8- jointed, the funicle 4- jointed. 1. SELITRICHODELLA MIRA Girault. Female, male. Genotype. Metallic purple, the abdomen light lemon yellow with a broad purplish stripe down each side from base to distal third or fourth. Appendages yellow, the wings hyaline. Distal two funicle joints subequal, longest of the funicle. In the males the distal third of abdomen is purple, the marginal stripe absent. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1807, Queensland Museum. 2. SELITRICHODELLA ACUMINATA new species. Female: — Length, 1.55 mm. Purplish black, the wings hyaline; lateral margins of scutum narrowly, scutellum laterad of first groove and distal half or more, parapsides, cephalic portion of axilla, the legs and antenna) pale lemon yellow. Scutum very long; propodeum with a short, broad median carina. Abdomen long and conical, sordid yellowish. Flagellum dusky yellow, the funicle joints si:tequal, all somewhat longer than wide, combined longer than the club which bears a small nipplft-liko spine at tip; pedicel slightly shorter than the funicle joinLs. Mandibles tridentate. Male: — Not known. Described from a female captured by sweeping in forest near the banks of Cape Eiver, January 8, 1913. Habitat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1808, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. ■226 MEMOmS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Genus NEOMPHALOIDES Girault. Scutum with a median groove, the scutelhun with four; propodeum with a pair of median carina). Antenna) 11-joiuted with three ring-joints, the club 3-joiiited; abdomen distad produced into a moderately long stylus. 1. NEOMPHALOIDES CINCTIVENTRIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Dark metallic green, the thorax bronzy, the abdomen above at base with a broad orange oand; legs, ventral half of occiput and face and the cheeks, pale yellow; scape and pedicel brownish, rest of antenna black. Wings hyaline. Vertex yellowish along the eye margins. Funicle joints elongate, also the pedicel which is subequal to funicle 3; funicle 1 nearly as iong as the club. Habitat: Sydney, New South Wales. Type: No. By 1197, Queensland Museum. Genus SELITRICHODES Girault. Antenna) 8-jointed with two ring-joints, the club solid; scutum simple, the scutellum with a narrow groove along each side of the meson. 1. SELITRICHODES FASCIATIVENTRIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Lemon yellow, the dorsal abdomen with two transverse black stripes across it both interrupted at the meson ; a black marginal spot at base on each side. Appendages concolorous, the wings hyaline. Pedicel longer than any of the funicle joints. Jlalitat: New South Wales. Types: No. By 1198, Queensland Museum. 2. SELITRICHODES VARIGATUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.15 mm. Honey yellow, the legs concolorous, the wings hyaline; two triangular spots on the face of the ]ironotum, tiie propodeum and three transverse stripes across the abdomen just before middle, black. Scutum on each side of meson, brownish. Antenna) dusky yellow, the pedicel longer llian any of the funicle joints. Scutellum with four grooved lines; scutiim simple. Mandibles 4-dentate. Male: — Not known. Described from a single female captured by sweeping in forest, August 17, 1912. Baiitat : Nelson CCairns), Queensland. Type: No. By 1009, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 3. SELITRICHODES FLAVA new species. Female: — Length, 1.20 mm. Pale lemon yellow, the wings hyaline; a minute black dot just mesad of insertion of fore wing and another on each lateral angle of pronotum; otherwise immaculate. Mandibles tridentate. Otherwise as in varigatus. AUSTBALIAN HYME^'OPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBaULT. 227 Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping- in open forest, April 18, 1912. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. BylSlO, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag. Genus TETEASTICHOMOEPHA Girault. Differing from Tetrastichus Plaliday in that the club is solid and there are four ring- joints. 1. TETRASTICHOMORPHA FLAVA Girault. Female. Genotype. Cadmium yellow, the abdomen lemon yellow, also the legs, scape and x>edicel; a black marginal stripe on dorsal abdomen from base a little over a third the distance to apex; extreme apex of each parapside, black. Funicle 1 four or more times longer than wide, sub- equal to the club. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1811, Queensland Museum. 2. TETRASTICHOMORPHA BICOLOR new species. Female: — Length, 1.20 mm. Brownish black, the wings hyaline, the hind margins of the eyes, the vertex, the mesal margin of each parapside (except cephalad) and the antenna yellowish white, also the legs (except coxa) and hind femora) and sutures of thoracic pleura. Funicle joints all a little longer than wide, subequal to the pedicel. Male: — Not known. Described from two females captured by sweeping in the forest, April 9, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Types: No. By 1813, Queensland Museum, the above specimens on a tag, the heads on a slide with the type head of the following species. 3. TETRA-ITICHOMORPHA PARTIS CUTELLUM new species. Female: — Length, 1.1.5 mm. Th'^ same as the T>rReedine' sneeies but the median line of scutum and the four grooved lines of scutellum are white also. Male: — Not known. Described from a single female captured with the preceding species. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1813, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head with the type appendages of bicolor. 228 MEMOIRS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Genus NEOTETEASTICHODES Girault. Diifering from Tctraslichodes Girault in bearing four ring-joints; funicle 3-jointed. 1. NEOTETRASTICHODES FLAVUS Girault. Female. Genotype. Light orange yellow, the appendages concolorous, the wings hyaline; middle of face and dorsum of abdomen obscurely dusky; funicle joints subequal, each slightly shorter than the pedicel. Male abdomen dusky with a white area at base; the male funicle is 4-jointed, the last joint longest, the antennas wi1h long hairs. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: litat: Harvey's Creek (Cairns district), Queensland. Type:' No. KylSSS, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 7. EPITETRASTICHUS NYMPHA new species. Female: — Length, 2.00 mm. Agreeing with the description of longfellowi but the pedicel nearly concolorous with tlie res!, of the antenna, the abdomen is not yellowish at extreme base and the propodeum has a single, distinct median carina which forks at apex. Pronotum and scutum with obscure thimble punctures. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured from herbage, April 6, 1913 (" 6.4.13," H. Hacker). Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: 'So. Ey ISSO, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 8. EPITETRASTICHUS NIGRIVENTRIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.65 mm. Orange yellow, the abdomen and middle of occiput black; flagellum dusky black, the proximal half of the scape yellowish. Mandibles tridentate. Legs orange yellow; face of pronotum black; wings hyaline. First funicle joint only slightly longer than the other two, all cylindrical-oval and not much longer than wide. First ring-joint apparently divided into two transverse ones (making five in all). Propodeum with a short median carina, the lateral eariuiu running directly from the rather large oval spiracle. Abdomen pointed, conic-ovate. Male: — Not known. Described from a single female captured by sweeping in a jungle, July 13, 1913. Haiitat: Harvey's Creek, Nelson and Kuranda (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1834, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. Later, a second female was captured August 1, 1913, at Nelson, N.Q., by sweeping jungle growths along a forest streamlet and a third in September, jungle, Kuranda (A. P. Dodd). 232 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. TABLE TO THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF EPITETEASTICRUS GIEAULT. Females. Metallic green or purple species. Dark metallic green, all of legs (except first coxa) scape and pedicel orange yellow; rest of antenna black; funicle 3 subequal to pedicel, joint 1 subequal to the club; abdomen yellowish at extreme base; propodeum with a pair of widely diverging median carinse. longfellowi Girault. The same but pedicel nearly black, the abdomen without yellow; propodeum with a single median carina which forks at apex. nympha Girault. Whole body dark metallic green or jiurple, the postseutellum, legs (except bases of coxai), teguliB, scape and pedicel lemon yellow; funicle 3 longer than pedicel; propodeum with a median carina and a lateral carina just mesad of the spiracle which at apex loops back to the lateral side of spiracle. fulvipostscutellum Girault. Black species. Poetscutellum, abdomen except tip of ovipositor valves, legs and antennae, pale lemon yellow. Funicle 1 subequal to pedicel. flavipostcutellum Girault. Distal third of scutum, scutellum, parapsides except cepbalad, caudal third of axillss, deep orange; abdomen dusky, suffused with yellowish at extreme base; vertex and ventral face orange, also extreme latero-cephalic angle of scutum and sides of pronotum; legs yellow. Funicle 1 subequal to pedicel. rufiscutellum Girault. Golden or honey yellow species. Golden yellow; a large, obconical area from cephalic margin of scutum to proximal third of scutellum, most of axilla3, proi^odeum and six broad stripes across abdomen each stripe with a yellow spot in it on each side of meson centrally, black. Funicle 1 longer, funicle 3 shorter, than the pedicel. speciosissimus Girault. Honey yellow ; scutum reddish ; abdomen along each margin from base to distal two thirds, tip of valves of ovipositor and three cross-stripes on abdomen within proximal half, black; funicle 3 subequal to pedicel; median carina quadrate. trifasciatus Girault. Orange yellow; abdomen, middle of occiput, flagellum, distal half of scape and face of pronotum, black; funicle joints not much longer than wide; lateral carina running directly from the spiracle. nigriventris Girault.* Genus QUADRASTICHUS Girault. Synonym : Epichrysocharis Girault. Differs from PentasticJms Ashmead in bearing short marginal cilia on the fore wing, the antenn88 8-jointed with one ring-joint, the club 2-jointed. Abdomen depressed, ovate, the ovipositor not exserted. 1. QUADRASTICHUS NIGRINOTATUS Girault. Female. Genotype. Canary yellow; the wings hyaline; meson of pronotum, meson of scutum centrally (divided along median line), outer lateral angle of pronotum, apices of axillas, median line of * Zanther, p. 205. AUSTBALIAN HTMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 233 propodeum and three broken stripes (distinct laterad) across abdomen out from base, dusky black. Scape, pedicel and legs concolorous, rest of antenna dusky yellow. Second funicle joint longest, joint 1 shortest of the funicle, longer than wide, subequal to the pedicel. Mandi- bles tridentate. Club with a spinelike seta. Habitat: Mittagong, New South Wales. Type: No, I. 1230, South Australian Museum, Adelaide. 2. QUADRASTICHUS LATITHORAX new species. Female: — Length, 1.15 mm. This species is like Pentastichus Ashmead but the antennae 8- jointed with one distinct ring- joint, the club only two- jointed, the pedicel not much longer than the first funicle joint, :rather subecjual to it, all the funicle joints longer than wide. Body very short and stout, with a peculiar habitus, resembling somewhat a Eadronotus, the abdomen very short, flat, triangular. Mardibles bidentate, the inner tooth broadly truncate. Otherwise as in Tetrastichus Haliday. Marginal cilia short. Purple-black, the antennse and legs lemon yellow, also the abdomen but in the dorsal aspecr margined all around (apically broadest) rather broadly with purple-black. Wings hyaline. Sculpture of thorax like that of Tetrastichus but exceedingly fine. Pedicel black above near base. Distal club joint a little the longer, with a short nipple, the funicle joints subequal. Male: — Not known. Described from a single female captured by sweeping foliage of lantana and other trees in an open field near town, October 21, 1911. Haiitat: Mackay, Queensland. Type: No. By 18:25, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 3. QUADRASTICHUS SANNIO new species. Female: — Length, 1.60 mm. Like the preceding but much larger and normal, the tibia? ringed with purple just below Knees, the antenna? sooty, the club white, its two joints coalesced or nearly. Mandibles tridentate. Scape pale, purple along dorsal edge; pedicel purple. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, July 3, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No Jlyl826, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 4. QUADRASTICHUS AENEUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.00 mm., excluding valves of ovipositor which are exserted for a third of the length of the abdomen. Dark metallic green, the wings hyaline; coxae and proximal parts of the femora con- colorous, the rest of the legs pale straw yellow. Sculpture as in Tetrastichus; propodeum finely transversely rugulose, the median carina apparently absent. Antennae brownish black, the three funicle joints subequal, each a little longer than wide. Mandibles tridentate. 234 MEMOIRS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, July 9, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Eahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1827, Queensland Museum, tbe above specimen on a tag, tbe head on a slide. 5, QUADRASTICHUS FUSCA (Girault). Female. E pichrysocharis fusca Girault. ])usky yellow, tbe scutum yellow; legs and antenna* pale yellow; wings hyaline. Pedicel longer than any of tbe funicle joints, the second of the latter smallest, transverse, ringlike, tbe first longest but wider than long. Eing-joints very minute. Fore wings densely ciliate. Impunctate. Type re-examined. ITal'itat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1828, Queensland Museum. The mandibles are tridentate; club with no nipple, the distal joint twice the length of the proximal. Genus QUADEASTICHODES Girault. Differs from Tetrastichodes Ashmead in having the antennas 13-jointed, four funicle and ring-joints, the third club joint conelike but articulated; scape enlarged distad, clavate and together with the pedicel with a coarse scaly sculpture. Propodeum with a median carina; postmarginal vein three fourths tbe length of the stigmal. 1. QUADRASTICHODES CYANEIVIRIDIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Brilliant metallic blue-green ; wings hyaline ; legs straw yellow, the coxae metallic ; femora darkened proximad; pedicel as long as funicle 1 which is longest of the funicle, much longer than wide (about two and a quarter times) ; joint 1 of club somewhat longer than wide, sub- equal to funicle 3. Habitat: Port Lincoln, South Australia. Types: No. I. 1231, South Australian Museum, Adelaide. Genvs NEOMPHALOIDELLA Girault. Synonym : Eulopliotetrasticlms Girault. Like Neomphaloides Girault but the funicle joints usually shorter, the three ring-joints uneven, the abdomen depressed and broadly ovate, the propodeum usually with a single median carina. The synonymic genus was erroneously described, the scutum with but a single groove. 1. NEOMPHALOIDELLA FASCIATIVENTRIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Black, the wings hyaline; face and cheeks, lateral margins of scutum rather broadly, occipital angles of vertex, cephalic third of parapsides, all margins of scutellum (except cephalic), postseutellum, legs except base of coxae, antennso and more or less obscure trans- verse stripes across the abdomen, lemon yellow. Funicle joints subquadrate, joint 1 slightly longest. Habitat: King Island, Tasmania. Type : No. 1. 1223, South Australian Museum. Adelaide. AUSTBALIAN ETMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 235 2. NEOMPHALOIDELLA 10 (Girault). Female. Genotype of Eulophotetrastichus. Euloplwtetrastichus io Girault. Black, the wings hyaline, the seutellum and apex of scutum contrasting orange yellow, the postscutelluni, abdomen and legs (except coxae at base), lemon yellow, the abdomen conspicuously margined with black from base to apex (dorsad and ventrad), the dorsal meson broadly yellow. Scape and pedicel pale. Propodeum with a short, stout median carina which tapers distad; joint 1 of funicle longest, joint 3 much longer than the pedicel. Hcibitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Jungle. Type : No. Ey 7S39, Queensland Museum. 3. NEOMPHALOIDELLA FUSCA (Girault). Female. Ncomphaloides fusca Girault. Yellow-brown; the fimicle and club black; a row of dark spots down each side of ab('tmfn; funicle joints thrice longer than wide, the club with a long spur; jjedicel half the length of funicle 1; wings narrow, the marginal fringes longer than usual. IJiibitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. KylSSO, Queensland Museum. 4. NEOMPHALOIDELLA SILVENSIS new species. Female: — Length, 2.50 mm. Jet black; distal third of scutum and along each lateral margin, parapsides, sides and venter of thorax except prothorax, tegula) and axillae deep orange yellow; abdomen deep lemon yellow except the black of distal third, edged from base on each side with black, conspicuously in the dorsal aspect. Legs eoneolorous with abdomen. Ovipositor not exserted. Face near mouth and scape except tip, yellow, rest of antenna black, the first funicle joint very long, as long as the very long club, the other two more or less equal, a third shorter but much longer than the long pedicel. Mandibles tridentate. Male: — Not known. Described fiom one female captured by sweepinc; in a jungle pocket, August 7, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Eaditat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. By 1S31, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 5. NEOMPHALOIDELLA WESTWOODI new species. Female: — Length, 1.50 mm. Jet black, the Avings hyaline, the abdomen reddish brown, its margin and distal third fuscous; coxae black, rest of legs eoneolorous with the abdomen; propodeum with two short diverging median carina) at distal half at the middle meeting a basal carina-loop. Mandible tridentate. Scape yellowish beneath, the antennae otherAvise black, the first funicle joint one and a half times longer than broad, subequal to the pedicel, the other two funicle joints each shortening, the third somewhat longer than wide ; nipple very short ; the club joints not quite as long as the dist.il funicle joint. Propodeum and rest of thorax polygonally reticulated. 236 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Male: — Not known. Described from three females captured amongst imdergro\vtb, April 26, 1913 (H. Hacker). Dedicated to John Obadiah Westwood. Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 183S, Queensland Museum, the above specimens on a tag, two antenna) and a head (fragments) on a slide. 6. NEOMPHALOIDELLA SANNIO new species. Female: — Length, 1.70 mm. Like fasciativentris but the face yellow only below antennas, the distal fourth of scutum lemon yellow, the lateral margin of each parapside the same color and only the distal halves of the lateral margins of scutellum. The antenna) are dusky, the club not quite as long as the funicle. the pedicel rather long, longer than any of the funicle jonts, the first of the latter rather distinctly longer than the second. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest, July 9, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Tyjjc: No. ily 18S3, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head and fore legs on a slide. TABLE OF THE SPECIES OF NEOMPHALOIDELLA Girault. Black species. Scutellum mostly or all black; legs yellow. Scutellum all black. Distal third of scutum and each lateral margin, parapsides, sides and venter of thorax except prothorax, teguliB and axilla), orange yellow; abdomen lemon yellow margined from base to apex with black, the distal third black; mouth and scape yellow; pedicel long but shorter than funicle 3, funicle 1 very long, as long as the club. silvensis Girault. Abdomen reddish brown, the scape yellow beneath; abdomen margined vnth fuscous, its distal third fuscous ; coxa) black ; funicle 1 subequal to pedicel. westwoodi Girault. Scutellum margined with yellow. Face and cheeks, lateral margins of scutum, occipital angles of vertex, cephalic third of parapsides, margins of scutellum (except cephalic), postscutellum, antennae and obscure stripes across the abdomen, lemon yellow^; funicle joints subquadrate. fasciativentris Girault. Face below antenna), distal fourth of scutum, lateral margin of parapside and distal half of each lateral margin of scutellum, lemon yellow. sannio Girault. Scutellum wholly orange yellow. Apex of scutum orange yellow; postscutellum, abdomen and legs lemon yellow; margins of abdomen conspicuously black from base to apex; scape and pedicel pale; propodeum with a short, broad, median carian which tapers distad; joint 3 of funicle much longer than the pedicel. io Girault. AUSTEALIAN HTMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 237 Yellow-brown species. Funicle and club black; a row of dark spots down each side of abdomen; funicle joints thrice longer than wide, the club with a long spur; pedicel half the length of funicle 1 ; wings narrow. fusca Girault. Genus QUADEASTICHODELLA Girault. Scutum with a median groove; antennae with four ring-joints; scape clavate and coarsely scaly. Otherwise as in Tetrastichus Haliday. 1. QUADRASTICHODELLA BELLA Girauit. Female. Genot;yT)e. Brilliant metallic green, the legs (except hind coxa), tegula and scape lemon yellow; rest of antenna dark brown; pedicel longest of the flagellum, joints 2 and 3 of funicle wider- than long, joint 1 longer than wide. Propodeum glabrous in dorsal aspect. Habitat: Lawson, New South Wales. Type: No. I.1S34, South Australian Museum. 2. QUADRASTICHODELLA AENEA new species. J cm c?e:— Length, 2.50 mm. Eobust. Metallic aeneous purplish, the wings hyaline, the legs including coxa? lemon yellow; hind coxa eoncolorous. Antenna) brownish black, the scape yellow, the pedicel elongate, much longer than any of the following joints, the first funicle joint barely longer than wide, the other two subequal, wider than long. Mandibles tridentate. Postmarginal vein over half the length of the rather short stigmal. Club as long as the funicle. Propodeum densely scaly, with a short median carina meeting a semicircular carina at apex. Evidently like the type of the genus but differing in general coloration and the scaly dorsal aspect of the propodeum. Hind tibial spur single. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured hj sweeping in jungle pocket, July 21, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1834, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head and hind legs on a slide. Genus TETRASTICHELLA Girault. Differing from Tetrastichus Haliday in bearing three ring-joints in the antennee, the club only 2-jointed. Postmarginal vein usually developed. 1. TETRASTICHELLA FUSCIPENNIS Girault. Female. Genotype Metallic green; scutum laterad and caudad, the scutellum and the base of each axilla more broadly, margined with yellow; a yellow spot in each parapside at base. Fore wings infuscated from bnse of marginal vein distad to about three fourths the distance from apex of stigmal vein to apex of blade, the fumated area narrowing distad. Oral area yellowish Pedicel longer than any of the funicle joints of which 2 is largest. Club without a nipple. Habitat: Murray Bridge, South Australia. Type: No. 1.1348, South Australian ]\Iuseum, Adelaide. 238 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 2. TETRASTICHELLA NOVIFASCIATUS (Girault). Female. Tetrastichus fasclatus Girault. I^^mon yellow, the abdomen darker, the wings hyaline ; centre of scutum with a round fuscous spot on each side of meson; pronotum cephalad, parapsidal furrows and suture between scutum and scutellum black; also lateral margin of scutellum more broadly; abdomen with from six to seven black cross-stripes. Appendages concolorous, the antennae more or less dusky. Propodeum and cephalic half of scutum centrally darker. Funicle joints more or less quadrate. Two club joints, three ring-joints. Pedicel twice the length of any of the funicle joints. (Type antenna? re-examined.) Hahiiai: Queensland (? Brisbane). Forest. Types: No. Hy 1201, Queensland Museum. 3. TETRASTICHELLA ACUMINATIVENTRIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.70 mm., including the ovipositor which is exserted for a third the length of the abdomen, the latter nearly twice the length of the thorax. Very dark metallic bluish, the wings hyaline; distal third of first two pairs of femora, kcees^ tibii« and tarsi yellow, the rest of the legs concolorous; antennae dusky yellowish, the first ring-joint large, distinct, the other two extremely short but easily found, the funicle joints longer than wide, subequal to each other and to the pedicel; first club joint much shorter than the second which bears a small nipple. Mandibles tridentate. Postmarginal vein absent. Characterized by the slender abdomen and the longly exserted ovipositor. Male: — Not known. Described from two females captured by sweeping in forest, August 4, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: 'No. Hy 1835, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag together, their heads together on a slide. 4. TETRASTICHELLA HAECKELI new species. Female: — liCngth, 1.00 mm. Deep golden yellow, the legs and .intennaj concolorous, the wings hyaline; scutum interiorly except the margins and median line, median line of scutellum broadly (almost to first groove), axillse centrally to apex, parapside along mesal margin and pronotum broadly along each side of the narrow yellow meson, embrowned. Propodeum laterad, a small round spot on pronotum just cephalad of the parapsidal furrows and five or six narrow stripes across abdomen black or dark fuseoiis. Propodeum with a median carina. Pedicel stout, over twice the length of any of the funicle joints which are subequal and only slightly longer than wide. Mandibles tridentate. Postmarginal vein absent. Male: — Not known. Described from oue female captured by sweeping undegrowth, mostly eucalypts, April 30, 1913 (H. Hacker), Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1836, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head and a fore wing on a slide. AUSTRALIAN RYMENOPTEBA CHALCIBOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 239 5. TETRASTICHELLA HYALINA new species. Female: — Length, 1.00 mm. Dark metallic purple, the wings subhyaline, the legs concolorous excepting most of front femora, the knees, tibice and tarsi which are lemon yellow. Postmarginal vein absent. Antennae lemon yellow suffused with dusky, the three funicle joints more or less subquadrate and no longer than the pedicel; club with a small terminal seta. Male : — Unknown. Described from five females captured by sweeping miscellaneous flowers in a garden, February 18, 1913. Habitat: Eipple Creek and Halifax, Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1837 , Queensland Museum, three of the above specimens on a slide with detached heads. Several days later, three females by sweeping grass along a road at Halifax. Genus APEOSTOCERELLA Girault. Differs from Tetrasiicliella Girault in that there are four ring-joints. 1. APROSTOCERELLA KELLOGGI Girault. Female. Genotype. Honey yellow, the wings hyaline, the abdomen with three to five black cross-stripes from base; the propodeum, a large triangular spot on each side of meson of scutum (cephalic half), proiiotum and a crescentic bar across dorsal half of occiput, black or purplish black. Scape pale; antennte black, the first funicle joint slightly longer than the other two. Club joints subequal. Mandibles tridentate. Habitat: Eo£Sville (Cooktown), Queensland. Type: ISio. Hy 183S, Queensland Museum. 2. APROSTOCERELLA 10 new species. Female: — Length, 1.90 mm. Dark metallic green, the legs (except hind coxa) and a large spot in centre of abdomen just out from base above, lemon yellow, the scape pale, the pedicel less so; antenna black, the pedicel long but shorter than any of the funicle joints of which the first is longest; distal club joint not as long as the distal funicle joint. Ovipositor vaJves somewhat exserfed. Mandibles tridentate. Wings hyaline. Club 1 shorter of the two. Propodeum with two delicate median carinas which diverge at each end, both short. A-^alves of ovipositor exserted for a fifth of the abdomen. Hahiiat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Jungle, June 5, 1913. Type : No. Hy 1839, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 3. APROSTOCERELLA CINCTIVENTRIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.20 mm. Resembling OoietrastichuH nymplia (Girault) but the hind coxfo are metallic green and less than the proximal half of the abdomten is lemon yellow. Sides of mesothorax concolorous. Ma}idibles tridentate. Ovipositor exserted for a fifth the length of the abdomen. Funicle and club blackish. 240 ME MO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping jungle growth along a forest streamlet, June 10, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1840, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 4. APROSTOCERELLA FLAVA new species. Female: — Length, 2.10 mm. Somewhat like NeotrichoporGides 7iniguttaia Girault but the median carinas of propodeum fork a little only at extreme apex and there is no black spot in the centre of the abdomen near middle; also the edging of the proximal half of the abdomen is blacked and interrupted and the line down the meson of thorax is only from apex of scutum a little over the base of scutellum; the axillas are not darker. Otherwise like the species named except the generic character. Scutum near cephalic margin orange yellow and each parapside has an orange spot across it near cephalic apex. Scutum tvith a distinct median grooved line. Mandibles tridentate. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in jungle. May 9, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Tiipe: No. By J 841, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. Genus EPOMPHALOIDES Girault. Like Neomphaloidella Girault but the scutum without a median groove. Otherwise like Tetrastichus Haliday. 1. EPOMPHALOIDES FLAVUS Girault. Female. Genotype. Lemon yellow, the wings hyaline; a little rounded spot on propleurum, dorso-caudad just off the notum, two small spots near the tegula, the propodeal spiracle and two dots in a longi- tudinal line on each side of abdomen, segments 3 and 4, black. An obscure brownish dot on each side, cephalic third of scutum; legs, scape and pedicel pale yellow, the antennse dusky yellowish. Pedicel longer than the funicle joints. Club without a noticeable terminal spur. HaMtat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1843, Queensland Museum. 2. EPOMPHALOIDES VIRIDIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.65 mm. Metallic green, dark and aeneous, the legs except first two coxae, orange yellow; wings hyaline; scape, pedicel and ring-joints coneolorous with the legs, the pedicel somewhat dusky; pedicel elongate, a little longer than joint 2 of funicle, funicle joint 1 elongate, a fourth longer than the pedicel. Propodeum scaly, the median carina forking before apex. Mandibles tridentate. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured from a window in a hotel, July 13, 1913. Habitat: Harvey's Creek (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1843, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. AUSTBALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 241 3. EPOMPHALOIDES NIGER new species. Female: — Leugth, 1.55 mm. Jet black, the wings liyaline, the coxse concolorous, the legs yellow, also the scape, the pedicel dusky yellow, rest of antenna black; pedicel elongate, intermediate between the first and second fimicle joints, the first funicle joint about as long as the club, nearly twice the length of the third; nipple not long, distinct. Mandibles tridentate, the two inner teeth smaller and close together. Median carina of proi^odeum paired, forked at each end {i.e., a fine pair of carinau, each curving off laterad at base and apex following the cephalic and caudal margins). Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured amongst herbage, April 6, 1913 (H. Hacker). Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. I'ypes: No. Hy ISH, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. Genus NEOTEICHAPOKOIDES Girault.* Differs from TrichaporoideUa Girault in bearing four ring-joints. 1. NEOTRICHAPOROIDES UNIGUTTATUS Girault. Female. Genotype. Honey yellow, the wings hyaline; a little less than the proximal half of the abdomen along each margin dorsad and a stripe down thorax from middle of scutum to a little distad of middle of scutellum, metallic green ; a round dot in centre of abdomen slightly distad of middle and tip of ovipositor valves, blackish. All of scutum cephalad of the median stripe reddish brown margined with lemou yellow, scape and pedicel lemon yellow except above, rest of antenna black; pedicel much shorter than the distal funicle joint, the first funicle joint over four times its own width. ^landibles tridentate. Median carina of propodeum forking a little cephalad of middle, prong-shaped. Hahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Jly 1SJ5, Queensland Museum. Genus EPENTASTICHUS new genus. Female: — Like Q^laclrastich^ls Girault but the scutum without a median grooved line. Male : — Unknown. Type: Epentasticlius nugatorius new species. 1. EPENTASTICHUS NUGATORIUS new species. Fcmole: — Ijcngth, 1.00 mm. Black suffused with brown, the antennse and legs lemon yellow, the wings hyaline; bind coxa? brown-black; propleurum loinon yellow, also the head and scutellum except the base of the latter between the first grooves. First funicle joint slightly shorter than the pedicel but distinctly longer than wide, longer than the length of 2 and 3 combined, 2 shortest, 3 cupshaped. Pedicel dusky. Mandibles tridentate. * This genus is probably founded upon erroneous observation and is probably Urichavoroidella. A second' specimen has been seen of the genotype. 242 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Described from one female Pijeeimen captured hy sweepiug in forest, November 6, 1912. Hahitat: Ayr, Queensland. Type: No. By 18ib, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide (with the antennae of a Miiicnopeltella) . 2. EPENTASTICHUS FUSCUS new species. Female: — Length, 0.65 mm. Brown, tiie wings hyaline, the scutellum yellow, the abdomen with three or four narrow transverse stripes across it, these stripes blackish and not very distinct. Legs paler, the antenna pallid, the pedicel much longer than any of the funiele joints which are wider than long; distal club joint nearly twice the length of the proximal, the club somewhat longer than the funiele. Mandibles tridentate. Male: — Not known. Described from one female sj^ecimen captured by sweeping lautana and other shrubs in an open tield near town, October 20, 1911. Habitat: Mackay, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1847, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 3. EPENTASTICHUS SEXGUTTATUS new species. Female: — Length, 0.9.5 mm. Bright golden yellow, the wings hyaline, the abdomen with a blackish stripe across extreme base followed along each margin by a line of three short transverse black spots, the caudal one of these a little distad of middle. Pronotum at the meson, scutum across cephalic third nearly to each margin, apex (cephalic end) of each axilla and the propodeum dusky black. Legs wholly concolorous, also the antennae but the pedicel dark except at tip, the scare pallid, slender, the first funiele joint shortest, subquadrate, the second longest, nearly twice the length of the first, longer than the pedicel. Mandibles tridentate. First club joint not much longer than the second. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping forest, summit of second coast range (1,500 feet). May 26, 1913. Hahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1848, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 4. EPENTASTICHUS NIGRIVENTRIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.00 mm. Short, robust, the abdomen globate. Reddish brown, the abdomen black; cephalic half each of scutum and axillae, the parapsides and pronotum darker; wings hyaline; thorax extraordinarily, finely, densely, longitudinally lined;' mandibles tridentate; legs yellow (coxae not seen); antennae yelloTv, the distal club joint over twice the length of the proximal, the pedicel stout, much larger than any of thf funiele joints of which the first is much the longest, yet cupshaped and somewhat AUSTBALIAN HYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, IF.—GIEAULT. 243 -wider than long; second fiiniele joint shortest, narrower, transverse and like a ring-joint, the third twice longer, jjlainly wider than long, about half or more the length of 1. Stigmal vein long. Male: — Not known. Described from two females captured hj sweeping undergrowth, mostly eucalypts, April 20, 1913 (H. Hacker). Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Types: No. Hy 1840, Queensland Museum, the above specimens on a tag, the heads on a slide. 5. EPENTASTICHUS FLAVUS (Girault). Female. QuadrasticJwdes flavus Girault. Honey yellow; dot on pronotum caudo-laterad, a triangular spot on axilla meso-cephalad, dcrs.ii aspect of propodeum, several spots on each side of abdomen near base followed by an apparent short cross-stripe near the middle; ring-joint large, the pedicel long but not quite as long as joints 1 and 2 of the funicle united, these joints longer than wide, joint 3 barely so. Habitat: Hughenden, Queensland. Forest-downs. Type: No. Hy 1850, Queensland Museum. APROSTOCEROLOIDES new genus. Female: — Like TrichaporoideUa Girault but the scutum Avith a median grooved line. Mandibles tridentate. Male: — Not known. Type: The following species {speciosus). 1. APROSTOCEROLOIDES SPECIOSUS new species. Genotype. Female: — Length, 2.10 mm. Honey yellow; centre of vertex and flagellum black. Abdomen above shining coppery brown, but centrally near base this is broken by a large, triangular yellow area. Pedicel dusky, scape dusky along upper edge. Wings hyaline. Scutum (except cephalo-lateral angles), scutellum and propodeum metallic light blue, also the centre of each axilla. Propodeum with a ■strong median carina, densely reticulate scaly like the rest of the thorax. Funicle joints elongate, the first longer than the club, the third a little shorter than the club, the second subequal to it. Axillg9 not advanced. Male: — Not known. Described from a single female captured by sweeping in the forest, July 9, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1851, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. 244 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 2. APR0ST0CER0L0IDE3 MARGIVENTRIS new species. Female :—'Lengih, 1.80 mm. Deep orange yellow, the wings hyaline; legs concolorous; proximal half of abdomen margined with black (dorsal edge), the extreme tip of abdomen black and a minute dot in centre about opposite the ends of the marginal stripes; an obscure black spot near tegula in the cephalic part of each axilla. Scape concolorous, also the pedicel (but black above), the flagellum black. First funicle joint distinctly longer than the club, the second more or less subequa! to the club, the third distinctly shorter than it yet over a third longer than the pedicel. Male: — Xot known. Described from one female captured by sweeping low vegetation in the forest on the side of Mount Pyramid, Xovember 21, 1911 (elevation about 500 feet). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 18oS, Queensland Museum, the above female on a tag, the head on a slide with the type head of Ootetrasticlius grotiusi Girault. SYNTOMOSPHYEELLA new genus. Female: — Like SyntomospJiyrum Foerster but the antennsB with two ring-joints, the elub only 2-jointed, nine joints in all. Scutum simple. Mandibles tridentate. Scutellum with four grooved lines. Postmarginal vein distinctly developed, three fourths the length of the stigmal; marginal vein as long as the submarginal. Male: — Not known. Type: The sj^ecies described herewith {fuscipennis) . 1. SYNTOMOSPHYRELLA FUSCIPENNIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.10 mm. Black, the abdomen brown, the sculpture as in Tetrasticlins; abdomen with metallic lustre ; fore wing with a broad fuscous stripe across it from the marginal vein ; legs concolorous except tibiss and tarsi and much of cephalic femora which are yellowish. Antennse and face dusky yellow, the funicle joints barely unequal, more or less quadrate, each shorter than the pedicel. Described from one female cajitured by sweeping along the side of Mount Pyramid (1,000 feet), forest, August 17, 1912. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: 'No. Hy 1853, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 2. SYNTOMOSPHYRELLA AURIFLAVA new species. Female: — Length, 1.18 mm. Short and stout. Deep golden yellow, the wings hyaline, the other appendages concolorous ; cephalic margin of pronotum narrowly, a spot near insertion of fore wing and several incisions of the abdomen (obscurely but forming two-four narrow transverse stripes, wide apart and broadly interrupted at meson), dusky: scape dusky above, compressed, the third funicle joint sub- AUSTBALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 245 globular (but wider than long), decidedly larger than the other two, the pedicel much longer than either three; first club joint longest, the second with a slight nipple. (One antenna in this specimen was abnormal, the second funicle joint not at all divided from the third but the articulation merely indicated by a deep incision or sinus from one side). Mandibles tridentate. Male : — Unknown. Described from one female captured August 5, 1913, by sweeping in forest. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1854, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. Another female was captured in the same place, three days later. The abdomen bears four narrow dusky stripes and a fifth represented by two spots, one on each side of the meson. 3. SYNTOMOSPHYRELLA AURA new species. Female: — Length, 1.50 mm. Deep golden yellow, immaculate excepting for a dot on pronotum at lateral angle and another near the tegulee; otherwise like auriflava except that the club is short, the distal joint obliquely truncate. The median groove of scutum is apparently present (at least cephalad). Intermediate tibial spur long and slender. Male : — Unknown. Described from one female specimen captured by sweeping undergrowth, mostly euealypts, April 20, 1913 (H. Hacker). Habitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. By 1856, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 4. SYNTOMOSPHYRELLA QUADRIMACULATA new species. Female: — Length, 1.00 mm. Golden yellow, the legs paler, the wings hyaline; a round spot in centre of scutellum at base, a diamond-shaped spot on each parapside at middle of niesal margin and more or less of the propodeum, dusky black; funicle joints 2 and 3 subequal, a little wider than long, joint 1 a little longer and wider than either but somewhat shorter than the pedicel. Male: — Not known. Described from two females captured on the foliage of Eucalyptus in forest, November 9, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1856, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. SELITEICHODELIA new genus. Female: — Like Selitrichodella Girault but there are two ring-joints. Mandibles weakly 4-dentate. Lateral carinsB absent on propodeum, the median carina also absent but the carinated cephalic and caudal margins meeting at the short meson. Male: — Not known. Type: The species described herewith (aenea). 246 MEMOIRS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 1. SELITRICHODELIA AENEA new species. Female:- — Length, l.GO mm. Dark metallic aeneons green, the wings hyaline; tegula? and legs (except intermediate and hind coxae) deep lemon yellow, the antenna) dusky yellow; funicle joints distinctly longer than wide but stout, joints 1 and 2 subequal, each a fourth longer than 3 which is very nearly as long as the pedicel. Club with a nipple, about as long as the two preceding joints. Described from one female captured by sweeping the floor of forest, May 26, 1912. Eahitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1857, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. thorax 2. SELITRICHODELIA AURIOS new species. Female: — Length, 2.00 mm. Slender, the abdomen elongate, longer than the slender Jet black, the wings hyaline, the legs reddish brown (coxa? darker toward base), the antennae wholly yellow; clypeus and immediate surrounding portion orange yellowish (but not up to antennal insertion by far) ; thorax and abdomen very finely shagreened. First funicle joint elongate but not quite as long as the club, the others shortening in succession, the third more or less equal to the rather long pedicel. Male: — Not known. From one female captured by sweeping Leptospennum, April 16, 1913 (H. Hacker). Type: No. Ey 1858, Queensland Museum, the above on a slide. 3. SELITRICHODELIA FUSCIPENNIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.05 mm. Jet black, the forewings with a broad fuscous stripe under the marginal vein; legs mostly concolorous, the antennae greyish or neutral, the funicle joints all shorter than the pedicel, the first two a little longer than wide, the third subquadrate, the two ring- joints distinct. Male: — Not known. Described from two females captured among herbage. May 10, 1913 (H. Hacker) and a third on the flowers of Bceckea, April 22, 1913. Eahitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: 'Ro.Ey 1859, Queensland Museum, the above specimens on two tags (heads of all and abdomens of two destroyed). 4. SELITRICHODELIA TRIMACULOSA new species. 2^e??!a?e:— Length, 0.60-0.80 mm. Pale lemon yellow, the wings hyaline; appendages concolorous; a long, wedge-shaped spot (acute end caudad) on each axilla and a shorter, triangular or rounded spot at base of scutellum mesad, dusky black; propodeum dusky at meson; an obscure spot about the tegula& AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA. IV.—GIEAULT. 247 dusky. Pedicel stout, very much longer than the three funicle joints, the last two of which are wider than long, the first somewhat longer, only slightly wider than long. Male : — Unknown. Described from two females captured from the leaves of Eucalyptus in forest, Novem- ber 9, 1911. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: 'No. Ey 1860, Queensland Museum, the above sj^ecimen on a slide. 5. SELITRICHODELIA QUADRIMACULATA new species. Female:- — Length, 0.85 mm. Like trimaadata, but there is an additional dark reddish spot (round) at the lateral angle of pronotum (dorsal aspect), one on each side; first funicle joint somewhat shorter than the other two. Mandibles tridentate. Abdomen with several obscure cross-stripes. Scutum with an obscure long, wedge-shaped sordid marking its whole length, one on each side of meson, from base to apex, the acute end caudad. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping lantana and other shrubs in an open field near town, October 20, 1911. HaMtat: Mackay, Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1861, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag. 6. SELITRICHODELIA OCCULTA new species. Female: — Length, 1.25 mm. Pale honey yellow, the wings hyaline, the legs and antennse eoncolorous; four fuscous stripes across the abdomen (a fifth indicated just out from base) between base and apes, the third and fourth joined along the meson by a longitudinal stripe; propodeum, base of abdomen and axilla except along caudal margin and extreme latero-cephalic angle, jet black; a large round spot at base of scutellum between the first grooves and cephalic half of the long scutum broadly nearly to margins, deep fuscous, the median line of scutum cephalad more or less yellowish. Pace of pronotum black. Median carina of propodeum extremely short, forking at both ends, the propodeum scaly. Pedicel longer than any of the funicle joints of which the first is longest but only slightly longer than 2, both somewhat longer than wide, joint 3 subequal to 2 but wider, globate-oval. Mandibles 3 -dentate, the two inner teeth more or less confluent. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, November 6, 1912. Habitat: Ayr, Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1862, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a. slide. 248 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 7. SELITRICHODELIA VIVATA new species. Female: — Length, 0.75 mm. Short, stout. Thorax intense green yellow, the propodeum jet black, the cephalic half of scutum (except along margins) and distal two thirds of abdomen brown; wings hyaline. Parapsides pale brown except caudad. Proximal third of abdomen very pale yellow. Brown part of abdomen with more or less obscure cross-stripes. Legs and antenna) lemon yellow, the pedicel very much longer than any of the funicle joints of which 1 is longest, cup-shaped, small, joint 3 shortest, a half shorter than 2, which is a little shorter than 1. Mandibles with three well- sejiarated teeth. Male: — Not known. Described from one female cajjtured November 6, 1912, from a window in a smithy. Haiitat: Ayr, Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1863, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. TABLE TO THE SPECIES OF SELITBICEODELIA Girault. Females. Dark metallic green. Tegulas and legs (except last two pairs of coxae) deep lemon yellow; antennge dusky yellow; funicle joints distinctly longer than wide but stout, 1 and 2 subequal, 3 a fourth shorter and nearly as long as the pedicel; mandibles weakly 4-dentate. aenea Girault. Black. Wings hyaline. Legs reddish brown, the antennae yellow, also the clypeus; funicle 1 elongate, 3 subequal to the rather long pedicel. aurios Girault. Wings with a fuscous or sooty strij^e across them under the marginal vein. Antenna3 greyish; funicle joints shorter than the i)edicel, joint 3 (funicle) subquadrate. ,^ ,, , , „. fuscipennis Girault. x ellow and nonmetallic. Joint 3 of funicle transverse, a half shorter than joint 2 and much the shortest. Intense green-yellow, the propodeum jet black; cephalic half of scutum, parapsides except caudad and distal two thirds of scutum brown; proximal one third of abdomen pale yellow; mandibles with three distinct teeth. vivata Girault. Joint 3 of funicle not so formed; not a half shorter than joint 2. Pale lemon yellow; a long, wedge-shaped spot on axillae, a rounded spot at base of scutellum mesad, propodeum at meson and an obscure spot about the tegulaa dusky; funicle joints 2 and 3 wider than long, the first joint somewhat longer, all much smaller than the pedicel. trimaculosa Girault. The same but a dark reddish round spot at lateral angle of pronotum and the abdomen with obscure cross-stripes; scutum with an obscure, long, wedge- shaped, sordid marking on each side of meson for whole length; joint 1 of funicle someM'hat shorter than the other two. quadrimaculata Girault. Pale honey yellow; four fuscous stripes across abdomen, the third and fourth joined along the meson; propodeum, base of abdomen and most of axilla jet black; a spot at base of scutellum between the first grooves and the cephalic half of the long scutum deep fuscous; funicle 1 longest, 2 and 3 subequal in length but 3 wider. occulta Girault. AUSTEALIAN HYMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIEAULT. 249 Genus ASYNTOMOSPHYEUM Girault. Differs from Syniomospliyrum Toerster in being small, the abdomen pointed conic-ovate, a little longer than the rest of the body. 1. ASYNTOMOSPHYRUM PAX Girault. Female. Genotj-pe. Sooty black, the wings hyaline, the scutellum chocolate brown, the lower face and vertex lemon yellow; trochanters, knees, tips of tibiae and tarsi (also cephalic tibiae) whitish yellow. Scape pallid, the antenna) dusky yellow, 9-jointed with one ring-joint, the funicle joints shorter than the pedicel, the first subquadrate, the second transverse, short, smallest, the third twice longer than 2, hemispherical. Club much wider than the funicle and longer than it and a little longer than the moderate scape which is compressed. The abdomen pointed conic, a little longer than the head and thorax combined, the ovipositor not exserted. Fore wings ample, very closely, densely, uniformly ciliate, the marginal cilia short, the stigmal vein long and ■slender. Mandibles tridentate. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Ey 1S64, Queensland Museum. 2. ASYNTOMOSPHYRUM ACUTIVENTRIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.00 mm., excluding ovipositor. Small and slender. Very dark metallic blackish green and sculptured as in Tetrasticlius but most finely, the wdngs hyaline. Abodomen long and conically produced, (excluding ovipositor) over twice the length of the thorax, the ovipositor longly exserted, the exserted portion nearly as long as the thorax. Lateral grooves of scutellum nearly in the lateral aspect, hardly visible from above. Antenna) 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle joints all longer than wide, the distal two subequal and longest, subequal in length to the pedicel. Scape and pedicel pallid, the flagellum dusky. Tibia) pale yellowish, the tarsi dusky. Male: — Not known. Described from two females captured by sweeping in jungle country, June, 1913 (F. P. Dodd). Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1865, Queensland Museum, one of the above specimens on a tag, the head on a slide with the type appendages of Ncorileyella fasciatus Girault. DIAGNOSIS OF THE GENERA OF TETRASTICHINE EULOPHID^. Females. Australia. TETEA3TICHINL The tribe is characterised by the sessile abdomen. I. Funicle 3-jointed. 1. Mesoscutum without a median sulcus; scutellum with four grooved lines. Antennal club solid. Antennae 8- jointed with two ring- joints, the scape somewhat swollen, the funicle joints not elongate, more or less quadrate. Selitrichodes Girault (Type: S. fasciativentris Girault). Antenme 9-jointed with three ring-joints, the scape slender, the funicle joints elongate. Trichaporoidella Girault (Type: T. ae?iea Girault). * The thoracic grooves are distinct sulci and not to be confused with impressions due to shrivelling ; those of the scutum and scutellum are alike. 250 MEMOIES OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. AutennaB 10-jointed with four ring-joints, the scape slender, the funicle joints elongate; median carina of propodeum forking before the middle. Neotrichaporoides Girault (Type: N. uniguttata Girault). Antennal club 2-jointed. Abdomen slender, conic-ovate, not produced at tip, the ovipositor not exserted. Antennae 8-jointed with one ring- joint, the funicle joints not long but longer than wide. E pentastichus Girault (Tyj^e: E. nugatorius Girault). Antenna) 9-jointed with two ring- joints; postmarginal vein distinctly developed; funicle joints not elongate. Syntomosphyrella Girault (Type: S. fuscipennis Girault). Antennae 11-jointed with four ring-joints; funicle joints elongate. Ootetrastichus Perkins (Type: 0. heatus Perkins). Abdomen produced at tip into a long slender process, the ovipositor longly exserted. Antennae 11-jointed with four ring-joints. Ootetrastichella Girault (Type: 0. longiventris Girault). Antennal club 3- jointed. Antennae 9-jointed with one ring-joint. Pronotum long, conical. Antennae inserted near the mouth border; abdomen longer than the rest of the body. Melittobia Westwood (Type: Cirrospilus acasta Walker). Pronotum not especially long, transverse (more or less). Antennae inserted nearer to the middle of the face, the funicle joints variable, sometimes long, the abdomen stout, no longer than the thorax and usually broader. Club usually with a terminal seta. Syntomosphyrum Foerster (Type: EulopJms cyclogaster Eatzeburg). Abdomen pointed conic-ovate, a little longer than the rest of the body; funicle joints shorter. Slender, small. Asyntomosphyrum Girault (Type: A. pax Girault). Antennae 10-jointed with two ring-joints. Abdomen conic-ovate; funicle joints sometimes elongate. Tetrastichodes Ashmead (Type: T. floridanus Ashmead). Antennae 11-jointed with three ring-joints. Funicle joints not elongate; abdomen broadly ovate. Epomphaloides Girault (Type: E. flavus Girault). Antennaj 12- jointed with four ring- joints. Neotetrastichoides Girault (Type: N. flavus Girault). 2. Mesoscutum with a median grooved line ; scutellum with four sulci. Antennal club solid. Antennae 7-jointed with one ring-joint. Abdomen depressed ovate; funicle joints not elongate. Selitrichodella Girault (Type: S. mira Girault). Antenna) 8-jointed with two ring-joints. Selitrichodelia Girault (Type: S. aenea Girault). Antennae 9-jointed with three ring-joints, the funicle joints usually elongate. Aprostoeeroloides Girault (Type: A. speciosus Girault). AUSTRALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 251 Antennte 10-jointed with four ring-joints; funicle joints elongate to subquadrate. Tetrastichomorpha Girault (Type: T. flava Girault). Antennal club 2- jointed. Antenns9 8-jointed with one ring-joint; marginal cilia of fore wing short; funicle joints longer than wide, the flagellum a little capitate. Quadrastichus Girault (Type: Q. nigrinoiatus Girault). Antennae 10-jointed with three ring-joints; postmarginal vein slightly developed; fore wings sometimes infuscated. Tetrastichella Girault (Type: T. fuscipennis Girault). Antenna) 11-joiuted with four ring-joints. Aprostocerella Girault (Type: A. Jcelloggi Girault). Antennal club 3-jointed. Antennae 9-jointed wi'h one ring-joint; abdomen conic-ovate. Legs normal. Aprostocetus Westwood (Type: A. caudatus Westwood). Antennae 10-jointed with two ring-joints. Tetrastichus Haliday (Type: Euloplms miser Nees). Antennae 11- jointed with three ring- joints. Abdomen distad produced into a moderately long stylus; pedicel and funicle joints elongate. Propodeuni with a pair of median carin£e. Neomphaloides Girault (Type: N. cinctiventris Girault). Abdomen normal, depressed, broadly ovate; pedicel short, the funicle joints variable. Propodeum with a single median carina. Neomphaloidella Girault (Type: N. fasciativentris Girault). Antennee 12-jointed with four ring-joints. Propodeum usually long with a median carina. Scape strongly clavate and with coarse scaly sculpture. Quadrastichodella Girault (Type: Q. hella Girault). Scape normal, slender; propodeuni variable but with a median carina which is often very short. Epitetrastichus Girault (Type: E. speciosissimus Girault). IT. Funicle of antenna 4-jointed. 3. Mesonotum without a median grooved line, scutellum with four grooved lines.* Antenna> 13-jointed M-ith four ring-joints, the scape strongly clavate and with a coarse sculj^ture; third joint of club spine-like but articulated; postmarginal vein three fourths the length of the stigmal. Quadrastichodes Girault (Type: Q. cyaneiviridis Girault). Tribe CEKATONEUEINI.t This tribe is characterised by the distinctly petiolate abdomen; the type genus lacks all thoracic grooves and its hind wings bear a long, clavate marginal vein. Otherwise it is like the Tetrastiehiui. The follo^viug genera bear the thoracic grooves. Gekus CEEATONEURONELLA Girault. Scutellum with five grooved lines, one median; antennae 11-jointed with three ring- joints, the club 3-joiuted; propodeum with a V-shaped median carina and a hood-like neck; petiole of abdomen distinctly longer than wide. Scutum with a median grooved line. * EulophoscotoHnx Girault ; see p. 265. t The tribe seems to be characterised by the great variation In the number of grooves or sulci on the scutellum. 252 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. 1. CERATONEUEONELLA NIGRIVENTRIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Yellowish red, the base of scutelliim lemon yellow, the body of the abdomen black, the petiole red; legs red, the hind coxa with a linear black spot down the side; scape pale, pedicel yellowish, rest of antennae dusky yellowish. Fore wings with a large, subovate smoky spot ■centrally under distal venation. Funicle 1 much longer than the pedicel and only slightly JoDger than 2. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Jungle. Type: No. Hy 1866, Queensland Museum. CERATONEUEONOMYIA new genus. Type: The following species. 1. CERATONEURONOMYIA ARNOLDI new species. Female: — Length, 1.70 mm. Shining black, the wings hyaline, the tegulee and legs (except the black coxas), reddish "brown; also the scape. Propodeum with a strong median carina and rugose, the short, stout petiole also rugose, the second and third segments of abdomen longest, subequal, together occupying half of the surface. Sculpture otherwise as in Tetrastichus as are also all other characters except that the first funicle joint is elongate, as long as the club, the pedicel also longer than usual, subequal to the second funicle joint, the third funicle joint distinctly longer than wide, longer than any of the three club joints, about half or less the length of the first funicle joint. Abdomen smooth. Mandibles tridentate. Second ring-joint very short, the first distinct; club with a short nipple. Abdomen short, ovate. Antennae inserted an the middle of the face, the head triangular, the mandibles tridentate. Male : — Unknown. Described from one female captured by sweeping jungle foliage, July 25, 1912. The genus differs from Ceratoneura Ashmead in bearing the grooves on the thorax as in Tetras- tichus. The species is respectfully dedicated to Matthew Arnold. Habitat: Goondi (Innisfail) and Kuranda, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1867, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a fllide. 2. CERATONEURONOMYIA LONGISCAPUS new species. Female: — Length, 1.7.5 mm. Dark metallic green, the wings hyaline, the scai)e long and slender, white, the flagellum black, the pedicel and ring-joints dusky, the pedicel elongate, subequal to funicle 2; funicle 1 elongate, over twice the length of 3 which is somewhat longer than wide; club pale toward tip. Mandibles tridentate. Club with a short nipple. Propodeum rugulose, with a distinct median carina and neck, the abdomen with a short petiole. Coxa) mostly concolorous. Segments 2 and 3 of abdomen occujtying only over a fourth of the surface. Male: — Not known. From one female, forest, September 16, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Kuranda, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1869, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a •slide. AUSTEALIAN HVMENOPTEEA CHALCIDOIDEA, IT.—GIRAVLT. 253; Differs from the type species in being smaller and slenderer, metallic and the propodeum has a distinct neck; also the first two segments of abdomen are much shorter; the pedicel a little more slender, tlie sc-aje white. Types of hoth species examined. CERATCNEUEOPSIS new genns. Female: — Of small tnihl, somewhat resembling a small Spalangia but the head is not oblong, the antennae not inserted far down. Like Tetrastichus but the abdomen distinctly petiolate, the antennjo as in OotetrasticMis except that the club is solid, 10 joints in all^ including four ring-joints. Scutum, however, simple. Fifth abdominal segment very long, as long as half of the body of the abdomen and as segments 2-4 united ; of the latter 3 is shortest. Propodeum rather long, with a distinct median carina. Mandibles tridentate. Sculp- ture as usual in the subfamily, the abdomen polished, like the surface of tar. Stigmal vein long, the marginal as long as the submarginal. Petiole longer than Mide. Male: — Not known. Type: The following species. 1. CERATONEUROPSIS PQINCAREI new species. Female: — Length, 1.10 mm. Black, the wings hyaline, the knees, tibite and tarsi straw yellow, also the scape, the rest of the antenna dusky. Distal two funicle joints a little longer than the proximal, each about twice (or somewhat less) longer than wide, the first funicle joint only slightly longer than the pedicel which is yellowish beneath; club as long as the first two funicle joints combined, slightly nippl^d at tip. Described from one female captured by sweeping the edges of a jungle pocket, May 26, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Eespectfully dedicated to Jules Henri Poincare. Hahitat : Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: ISlo. By 186S, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head on a slide. TABLE TO THE CEEATONEUEINE GENEEA OF EULOPHID^. Australia. Females. The tribe is characterised by the distinctly petiolate abdomen and variable sulci. Mesonotum w4th a median grooved line. Scutellum with five grooved lines, one median. Antennje 11-jointed with three ring-joints, the club 3-jointed; propodeum with a Y-shaped median carina and a hood-like neck; petiole of abdomen distinctly longer than wide. Ceratoneuronella Girault (Type: C. nigriventris Girault). Scutellum with four grooved lines, the median absent. Like Tetrastichus Haliday the antennge 10-jointed with two ring-joints; second ajid third abdominal segments occupying half of the surface; pedicel elongate; petiole short and stout. Ceratoneuronomyia Girault (Type: C. arnoldi Girault). 254 jIEMOIBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Mosouotuin without a median grooved line, the seutellum with four grooves.* Auteiiuaj 10-jointed with lour ring-joints, the club solid; segment 5 of abdomen very long, oecupyiug half of the surface, the petiole longer than wide. Ceratoneuropsis Girault (Type: C. poincarei Girault). Subfamily ELACIIERTIN^. Tribe ELACHERTINI. Genus ZAGEAMMOSOMA Ashmead. Abdomen sessile; antenna} 8-jointed with one very short ring-joiut, the funicle 2-jointed; vertex elevated; flagellum subcompresed; body spotted or strii:)ed; seutellum with two grooved lines; wings maculate or banded. 1. ZAGRAMMOSOMA PULCHRA Girault. Female. Thorax dark metallic green, the head pale yellow, the face wdth a line running down it to about the level of the antenna?, the line wavy and metallic green; a short green line from end of eye to end of head; a fuscous line down the length of the stigmal vein, the wings otherwise hyaline; legs yellow, the hind femur Ijlack centrally, the hind tibia black just below knees. Abdomen blackish, one round spot on each side just out from base followed by a suberescentie transverse line, followed on the next segment by an irregular marking on each side and on the next ssgment by a still wider subsimilar marking, on the next segment a subobconical spot near lateral margin and on the next a similar but larger subquadrate obscure spot. Ring-joint apparently present. Funicle 1 largest, subglobose; third joint terminating in a little spine. Head triangular. Propodeum tricarinate. Mandibles 5-dentate. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. Hy 1S70, Queensland Museum. Genus CIRROSPILOIDELLEUS Girault. Like Cirrospilus Westwood (Ashmead) but the antenna) 9-joiuted with two ring-joints and two funicle joints; third joint'of club terminating in a very long spur. Seutellum without grooves. Abdomen Avith a very sliort petiole. Mandibles 4-dentate. Propodeal spiracle minute, round. 1. CIRROSPILOIDELLEUS BICOLOR Girault. Female. Genotype. Submetallic blue-black, the proximal half of abdomen orange yellow. Wings with a slight discoidal stain. Legs lemon yellow, also the antenna) but the club black. Thorax scaly, the propodeum rugose. Pedicel longer than either funicle joint; terminal spine as long as funicle 1 which is slightly longer than wide. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1871, Queensland Museum. 2. CIRROSPILOIDELLEUS PURPUREUS new s,:ecies. Female: — Length, L.50 mm. With the habitus of Tetrastichus. Dark metallic purple, the wings hyaline, the legs pale lemon yellow except the coxa3. Sculpture fine as in Tetrastichus, the propodeum rather short, like the rest of the thorax, not • The pame but only the lateral grooves of seutellum are prei^ent. Antennae ll-jointed. three rinR-joint.s, three club joints ; petiole short. Ceratotrastichus Girault and Dodd, n. gen. (type : C. bisulcatus n. sp. Gir. & Dodd). The genotype is dark aeneous, the .rcutuin with setigerous pincture.s, tlie wings hyaline. AUSTRALIAN EYMENOPTEBA CRALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 255 rugose, without carinas; abdomen sessile. Antennae pale lemon yellow, short and stout, the club enlarged, the funicle joints quadrate (the first somewhat longer, slightly shorter than the pedicel) ; pedicel dusky. Mandibles tridentate. Hind tibial spur forked at tip. Parapsidal furrows deep. Antennal club without a nijiple. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, July, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. By 1872, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the head and a hind leg on a slide. 3. CIRROSPILOIDELLEUS FASCIATIVENTHIS new species. Female: — Length, 1.30 mm. Mandibles with six teeth; propodeum honeycombed; antenna) terminating only in a short, stout seta, the club not enlarged. Orange yellow, the abdomen crossed by four narrow transverse stripes; marginal vein longer than the submarginal which, however, is not broken. Face lemon yellow. Antenna) brown, the first funicle joint rather long, over twice longer than wide, a third longer than the second joint which is subequal to the pedicel. Thorax densely scaly. Male: — Not known. Described from a single female captured by sweeping in jungle, July 13, 1913. Habitat : Harvey 's Creek, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1873, Queensland Museum, the above specimen o^i a <:»?■ the head and hind tibiae on a slide. PSEUDIGLYPHELLA new genus. Type: The following species. 1. PSEUDIGLYPHELLA CiELESTIS new species. Female: — Length, L50 mm, Like Pseudiglyphus grotiusi but the ovipositor not exserted, the scutellum between the grooves is reticulately scaly like the rest of the thorax, the propodeum is short at the meson and with a slight ridge there but no true carinse and the tarsal joints are long as in Elasmus. (Mandibles 4-5 dentate) ; moderately dark, aeneous green, the legs white except the concolorous coxa), the hind femur with an elliptical black spot centrally against upper edge (lateral aspect). Scape yellowish, the flagellum dusky, the pedicel somewhat longer than both funicle joints which are subequal (nearly, the first a little shorter), the second distinctly longer than wide. Otherwise the same. Postmarginal vein slightly broken. Parapsidal furrows distinct, complete. Male : — Unknown. Described from one female captured by sweeping in forest, August 4, 1913. Habitat: Nelson and Cooktown, Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1874, QueensWnd Museum, the above specimen on a tag, the hind legs and head on a slide. 256 MEMOIRS OF TEE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. A second female was obtained, same place, August 30, 1913. The spot on hind femur was absent. A third female was captured at Cooktown by sweeping in open fields, February 4, 1912. This specimen also lacked the spot on the hind femur while funicle 1 was longer than 2. Genus ASCOTOLINX Girault. Antennae 9-jointed with two ring-joints, the club 3-jointed, the two funicle joints- petiolate. Scutellum with two grooves; propodeum with a broad, smooth median carina, the lateral carinse present. Segment 2 of abdomen occupying nearly half of the surface. Scutellum with 110 transverse suture before apex.* Abdomen conic-ovate. 1. ASCOTOLINX FUNERALIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Black, the tibia? and tarsi brown, the wings hyaline; scutellum and second abdominal segment glabrous, the scutellum really very finely reticulated. Thorax roughly scaly; propodeum very finely shagreened. Antennas black; funicle 2 a little wider than long. Kaliitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Jungle. Type: No. Ey 1875, Queensland Museum. Genus CIREOSPILOMYIA Girault. Like Cirrospiloidelleus Girault but the abdomen sessile, the club 4-jointed, the fourth joint minute and conic, Avithout a nipple; antennas 10-jointed with two ring-joints. Mandibles- 3-dentate. Scutellum without grooves, the propodeum non-carinate. Abdomen large, much wider than the thorax and a half longer, ovate. Parapsidal furrows deep. 1. CIREOSPILOMYIA P/[AGNIVENTRIS Girault. Female. Genotype. Dark aeneous green, the wings hyaline, the abdomen purplish black and with a banded appearance due to the light incisions. Legs whitish, also the scape, the flagellum dusky. Pedicel longer than either of the funicle joints which are subequal and longer than wide. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Jungle. Type : No. Hy 1876, Queensland Museum. Genus ATOPOSOMA Masi. Differs notably from Zagrammosoma Ashmead in bearing two ring-joints in the- antennae. 1. ATOPOSOMA ZOLAI Girault. Female. Lemon yellow; pronotum, scutum except lateral margins, meson of scutellum broadly and conically nearly to tip, 7-S narrovf stripes across the abdomen (4-6 broadly, the rest narrowly, joined by a longitudinal median stripe), two wavy stripes across face, all of propodeum and parapsides and two diamond-shaped spots on each axilla dark metallic green. A dusky spot against the stigmal vein. Funicle joints subequal. Two stripes across fore wing. (Type re-examined.) Habitat: Capeville (Pentland), Queensland. Forest. Type: No. nyl877, Queensland Museum. * But the grooves join around the margin. The genus is hemiptarserine. AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTEBA CHALCIDOIDEA, IV.—GIBAULT. 257 2. ATOPOSOMA LANEI new species. Female: — Leugth, 1.00 mm. Intense lemon yellow. A broad stripe down median line of thorax, a narrower one down meson of abdomen forking near each end and intersecting five cross-stripes, the margins of the abdomen (dorsad) to fourth eross-strijje and around apex, a stripe along each side of thorax (dorsad), converging, crossing over each side of propodeum and joining broadly around its base, black. A narrow stripe across occiput at ventral ends of eyes and two diverging stripes from it up the occiput. Substigmal spot present. Mandibles 6-dentate. From one female captured by sweeping along a roadway near the Herbert River, February 28, 1913. Dedicated to Ealph Lane for his book The Great Illusion, A Study of the Relation of Military Power in Nations to their Economic and Social Advantage. Habitat: Halifax (Ingham), Queensland. Type: No. By 1878, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 3. ATOPOSOMA CHANNINGI new species. Female: — Length, 1.05 mm. Like saintjnerrei Girault but the abdomen bears six distinct cross-stripes and the whole of the median line of scutum is black, the short apical median stripe on abdomen absent. The fore wings in both species are faintly banded as in species of Closterocents; the heads are also striped in both species but I could not make out the pattern. Male: — Not known. Described from a single female captured by sweeping in jungle, July 26, 1913. Habitat: Meerawa (Cairns District), Queensland. Type: Islo. Hy 1879, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide with the type head of Zagrammosomoides consobrimis. 4. ATOPOSOMA SAINTPIERREI new species. Female: — Length, 1.00 mm. Orange yellow marked with black almost as in variegatum as figured by Masi but the pattern on the abdomen is different consisting of about five narrow cross-stripes, a more or less obscure mesical blotch centrally and a short median dark stripe at apex. Also, the fore wings are obscurely infuseated and bear a distinct substigmal spot which embraces the stigmal knob. Three narrow black stripes down the long pronotum; parapsidal furrows dark except at each end and the middle of the median line of scutum, scutellum and postscutellum is black; also cephalic margin of scutum (accented on each side of middle, triangularly); a wavy black line across propodeum, resembling a bat with the wings out but not expanded. Scutum with two grooved lines. Lags and antennae yellow; two ring-joints. (Head markings not seen.) Mandibles with six teeth, the sixth minute. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest, September 13, 1912. Later, a second female was found in a bottle labelled ' ' Nelson, October, 1912. Sweeping in forest. ' ' Habitat: Quingilli and Nelson, Queensland. Type : No. Hy 1880, Queensland Museum, the first specimen on a slide. B 258 MEMOIBS OF THE QVEENSLAND MUSEUM. 5. ATOPOSOMA GROTIUSI new species. Female: — Length, LIO mm. Greenish or lemon yellow, the prouotum pale green, the head orange yellow, wonderfully marked with black metallic green in this manner: The parapsides, a broad stripe down meson and each side of the long pronotum, two spots in the u^jper part of the occiput, a buUet-shajjed spot at base of scutellum at the meson, a rounded spot at cephalic margin of each axilla nearly centrally, the scutum with a large acuminately conical marking whose broad base fills rest from side to side but quickly recedes, all of propodeum and 6 or 7 narrow stripes across the abdomen (stripes 4 and 5 close together; there is also a narrow median stripe); also a spot in centre of postscutellum, a broad strij^e across occiput below the eyes and various stripes on the head (not definitely seen in this specimen). Legs pale yellow but the hind femur and tibia with two dusky bands. Antennaj dusky yellowish. The usual substigmal spot. Male: — Not known. Described from one female cajitured by sweeping in forest, A^jrii 13, 1913. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hy 1881, Queensland Museum, the above si^ecimen on a slide (with the head type of Selitrichodelia aenea Girault). 6. ATOPOSOMA GREGI new species. Female: — Length, 1.45 mm. Greenish yellow, the wings bifasciate, one broader stripe around apex, the other from the stigmal knob. Marked with bright metallic green as follows: — Meson (couically) and each margin of pronotum, parapsides, an oval spot in centre of cephalic end of each axilla, scutum across cej^halic margin, the caudal margin of the green obliqued caudo-mesad to the meson, shortly and then conically, slenderly prolonged down whole of meson so that it is acute when caudal margin is reached, an elongate, conical spot on scutellum down meson from base, all of propodeum except transversely just laterad of postscutellum and six cross- stripes on the abdomen, the first four stripes each with a caudal triangular projection from them on each side half way to margin, the projection increasing in size eaudad. Head pattern not seen. Antennae dusky. Hind legs as in groiiu&i nearly, the hind tibia3 with a stripe below knee and before tip. Somewhat similar to grotiusi but less green on the scutum, the wings are banded and so on. Tegula? green. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest, August 23, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). Dedicated to W. E. Greg. Habitat: Nelson (Cairns), Queensland. Type: No. Hyl882, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. 7. ATOPOSOMA ARNOLDI new species. Female: — Length, 1.35 mm. Orange yellow, the abdomen with seven black cross-stripes including the one at base, stripes 3-6 usually thickened centrally and confluent; fore wings with a small substigmal spot and infuseated slightly distad of the stigmal vein and eaudad of a straight line drawn longitudinally through the knob of that vein. Little over caudal half of median line of AUSTBALIAN HYMENOPTEBA CHALCIBOIDEA, IF.—GIEAULT. 259 scutum narrowly, proximal half of same of scutellum similarly, thoracic sutures narrowly, median line of propodeum more broadly and the cephalic and caudal margins, a number of spots on the mesopleura and a dot on each side of pronotum, black. Legs uniformly orange yellow, the antennae orange. Head immaculate. Both funicle joints distinctly longer than wide. Abdomen with a very short petiole, usually concealed. Mandibles with at least five teeth. Male: — The same but the scutum and scutellum immaculate, the seventh abdominal stripe obscure, the abdomen more depressed, less acute; the fore wings hyaline. Mandibles not seen. Described from one male, six females captured on the flowers of Bceckea, April 22, 1913 (H. Hacker). Hahitat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type : No. Ey 1883, Queensland Museum, the above specimens on a slide. The species is respectfully dedicated to Matthew Arnold. 8. ATOPOSOMA MAZZININI new species. Female: — Length, 1.30 mm. Very similar to saintpierrei but greenish yellow, the abdomen with seven stripes, the fore wings hyaline (excepting the stigmal sjjot which runs along the entire vein), the median stripe of thorax is continuous and complete (propodeum not seen) ; there is also a distinct ovate spot in the axilla). A short broad stripe across tlie cheeks from the eyes; a narrow stripe up the occiput on each side continuing over on to the vertex. Lateral stripes of the several thoracic regions complete. First funicle joint quadrate, the second wider than long, the scape margined along dorsal edge with black, the pedicel coloured dorsad, the antennaa dusky. Otherwise Avith the markings so far described for saintpierrei. Male: — Not known. Described from one female captured by sweei)ing undergrowth, mostly eucalypts, April 16, 1913 (H. Hacker). IIal)itat: Brisbane, Queensland. Type: No. Sy 1884, Queensland Museum, the above specimen on a slide. Dedicated to Giuseppe Mazzini. TABLE OF THE SPECIES OF ATOPOSOMA MASL Australia. Females. (Compiled from the types.) The colours of the markings are metallic or submetallic. Legs immaculate. Wings hyaline (excluding a more or less obscure substigmal spot). Whole of median line and lateral margins of thorax black; meson of abdomen, five cross-stripes and margins to fourth strijae from base and around apex, black. lanei Girault. Whole of median line and lateral margins of thorax not continuously coloured but only those of pronotum narrowly and the middle of the median line of scutum, scutellum and postscutellum are black and the cephalic margin of scutum. A wavy stripe across propodeum. mazsinini Girault. 260 MEMO IBS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM. Wings with a stigmal and apical cross-stripe and infuscated more or less longitudinally proximad of the stigmal stripe. Pronotuni with median line and lateral margins narrowly black; also middles of median line of scutum, scutellum and postscutellum ; also cephalic margin of scutum and five abdominal cross-strijies and a short apical median longitudinal stripe. saintpierrei Girault, The same but whole of median line of scutum is black and the abdomen bears six cross-stripes, the short apical median longitudinal stripe is absent. channingi Girault. Wings generally infuscated, without distinct stripes, the infuscation distad. Orange yellow; seven cross-stripes on abdomen, caudal half of median line of scutum narrowly, proximal half of same of scutellum, thoracic sutures, median line of propodeum more broadly and the cejihalic and caudal margins, spots on mesopleura and a dot on each side of jironotum, black. arnoldi Girault.. Wings with a distinct stigmal and apical cross-band, otherwise hyaline. Pronotuni, all of scutum except lateral margins, meson of scutellum broadly an