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RETURN TO

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LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY

WOODS HOLE, MASS.

LOANED BY AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

MEMOIRS

ON THE

COLEOPTERA

BY

THOS. L. CASEY

IV

1913

PUBLISHED BY

THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY
LANCASTER, PA.

CONTENTS

PAGE

I — Studies in the Cicindelidae and Carabidae of America. . . i
II — Further Studies among the American Longicornia. . . 193

I— STUDIES IN THE CICINDELID^ AND CARABID^

OF AMERICA.

Our Cicindelidae have been considered more or less seriously by
a number of authors recently, but the Carabidae have been singu-
larly neglected — even those genera composed of conspicuous species.
No good tabular key to the species of Carabus or Calosoma, as
represented in our fauna, has ever been published, and there is no
evidence to show that the material in most of our rather numerous
collections has been so much as carefully observed or accurately
segregated into specific forms. No new Nebria has been brought
to notice for nearly a generation and the same statement can be
made regarding numerous other important genera. All this points
only too clearly to the paucity of workers and the vast field that
there is to cover. The active describers and classifiers of our
Coleoptera as a life specialty, from Thomas Say to the present time,
could be counted on the fingers of both hands, with some to spare.
It is very remarkable that a subject so fascinating, so broadening
to the mind and withal so accessible to everyone, should be so
disregarded, ignored or even ridiculed by the vast majority of
educated mankind.

CICINDELIDyE.

Omus Esch.

Leaving out of consideration for the present the four very dis-
tinct species dejeani, submetallicus , vandykei and ambiguus, the last
three of which I do not know in nature, the remaining described
forms may be assigned to eleven groups, each of which conforms
in general characters and habitus to a well defined species forming
the primary type of the group and including other forms which
may be considered subspecific in some cases; these eleven type
species are californicus, audouini, borealis, lecontei, edwardsi, puncti-
frons, sequoiarum, horni, parvicollis, intermedius and lewis. The
californicus group includes also the subspecies sculptilis Csy. The
audouini group includes also parvulus n. subsp. The borealis group

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

2 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

includes in addition mimus Csy., humeroplanatus W. Horn and
oregonensis described below. The lecontei group contains in addi-
tion elongatus, dunni, regularis and maritimus Csy., and fuchsi W.
Horn, the last of which I have not seen and possibly may have re-
described under some one of the other names ; regularis may perhaps
be the same as lecontei, but it does not conform very well with the
description; I do not know the precise taxonomic status of the
various forms or of those attached to the following group. The
edwardsi group will comprise also montanus, lucidicollis , brunnescens
and lobatus Csy. The punctifrons group contains small forms,
of which also confluens, f rater culus and degener Csy., have been
defined. The sequoiarum group includes also lugubris Csy., with
subspecies sierricola defined below. The horni group includes
besides that species collaris and compositus Csy. The parvicollis
group includes also procerus Csy., and the one defined below under
the name spissipes. The intermedius group comprises in addition
cribripennis and blaisdelli Csy., one of which may be the true
intermedius, as I have not seen the type of that species. Finally,
the Icevis group includes tularensis Csy., of specific value, to which
is to be attached gracilior as a subspecies.

Omus audouini ssp. parvulus nov. — Similar to audouini but smaller,
anteriorly more slender and with shorter and more slender antennae,
the last palpal joint shorter; head and labrum similar, the front smoother,
with the sparse punctures more evident; prothorax similar in general
form and lateral convexity but with the vermiculate sculpture almost
completely obsolete laterally as well as medially; elytra nearly similar
but with rather closer and feebler sculpture, the foveae less evident,
tarsi more slender, the posterior much more notably exceeding the tibise
in length; copulatory spicule bent, flattened and rather broad apically.
Length (cf ) 13.0 mm.; width 4.5 mm. Oregon (locality not recorded).

The relatively much longer hind tarsi, small size, more slender
form, shorter and more slender antennae and nearly smooth pro-
notum, are features which will render this form very easily identifi-
able among the allies of audouini.

Omus oregonensis n. sp. — Body in sculpture resembling mimus Csy.,
but much shorter in form; head and labrum similar, the eyes not quite
so prominent; prothorax similar and deeply vermiculato-rugose through-
out but evidently wider than the head, and not subequal in width to the
latter as it is in mimus; elytra much shorter, evenly oval, widest at the
middle, the sculpture nearly similar but not quite so strong; legs not so
stout, the anterior femora much thinner; copulatory spicule apically

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID/E 3

rather narrow and forming an even arc from the bulbous part to the tip.
Length (cf) 13.0 mm.; width 5.0 mm. Oregon (Josephine Co.). Nu-
nenmacher.

This is the species that was erroneously identified by Dr. W.
Horn as mimus. It is not only more abbreviated and with relatively
smaller head, less convex eyes and very much shorter elytra, but
differs conspicuously in the form of the copulatory spicule, which in
mimus has the apical part broader, shorter, perfectly rectilinear and
parallel-sided from the bulbous part to the tip. It is for this reason
that I am forced to regard oregonensis as a species and not as a
subspecies of mimus.

Humeroplanatus is closely allied to borealis but is sufficiently
distinct in its more abbreviated, less convex form, more rounded
sides of the prothorax, rather shorter antennae and less convex,
more gradually declivous and much less sculptured humeral region
of the elytra; the general sculpture of the latter also is feebler and
sparser, especially toward the suture. This borealis group is more
northern in distribution and does not spread far to the southward
in California; my series of four examples of humeroplanatus was
collected by Nunenmacher in Del Norte Co.; all the others are
from Oregon.

Omus lugubris ssp. sierricola nov. — Form nearly as in lugubris but
with relatively smaller head and prothorax and evenly oblong-oval,
broader elytra, widest at the middle and evidently less coarsely punctate.
Length (cf1) 17.0 mm.; width 6.5 mm. California. Levette collection.

This is the second specimen of the two serving as the original
types of lugubris (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, p. 290); it evidently
represents a distinct form. The head and prothorax in lugubris
are much larger when compared with the hind body, more nearly
as in sequoiarum, from which it differs in having the elytra widest
well before the middle and thence gradually, arcuately tapering to
the apex. In lugubris the acute lateral margins of the pronotum
attain the base, while in sierricola they end abruptly a long distance
from the base.

Omus spissipes n. sp. — Form somewhat as in parvicollis but larger,
stouter and more ventricose, deep black, subalutaceous; head and labrum
as in that species, except that the labrum is more rectilinearly truncate,
the sublateral sinuations very feeble; mandibles stouter; prothorax similar
in form but larger and much more distinctly vermiculato-rugose, the

4 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

acute lateral margins fully attaining the base; elytra similarly elongate,
convex and widest behind the middle, the slightly converging sides
feebly and evenly arcuate thence to the base, without humeri, more
rapidly rounding and converging behind; punctures small, feeble and
sparse, a little stronger and less sparse laterally; legs stouter, third joint
of the hind tarsi barely three times as long as wide. Length (cf ) 19.5
mm.; width 6.6 mm. California (Tulare Co.) — without more definite
record.

Differs from parvicollis in its larger size, more obovoidal hind
body, stouter mandibles, larger prothorax, with the converging sides
in basal half straight, and in the stouter legs and tarsi, the legs
being similarly notably long however. The large female noted
under my description of parvicollis is the female of procerus Csy.

Dromochorus Guer.

It is difficult to understand how the species that I described under
the name sericeus could have been united with belfragei. Its much
shorter and broader form and deep clear-cut punctures of the elytra,
impart so radically different a habitus that only surmise and con-
jecture on the part of those not knowing the species could have led
to that conclusion. As to pruininus, the very conservative might
consider it a subspecies of belfragei, but the much larger size, very
much stouter form and evident purple bloom, wanting in belfragei,
would, at any rate, make it a very distinct subspecies — by no means
a synonym .

Cicindela Linn.

The species described by Mr. Leng under the names robusta and
bowditchi are wholly unknown to me and are decidedly doubtful
as to position in the series; they evidently do not belong together,
but I can state nothing further at present. The other species can
be assigned to the following 35 groups, which coincide generally
with those denned by Mr. Leng though with some departures in
sequence or organization, as will be noted. No attempt has been
made to indicate the taxonomic rank of the names given under the
various groups; they are however all species or subspecies and
synonyms are not included ; those to be described further on in the
present paper are indicated by an asterisk.

i — Celeripes group.
Comprises so far as known only celeripes and cursitans of LeConte.

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^ 5

2 — Unipunctafa group.

Consists of unipunctata Fabr. alone. Mr. Leng gives no record
of its flying and my material is too scanty to ascertain the develop-
ment of the wings; they are probably vestigial to some extent.

3 — Obsoleta group.

Composed of obsoleta Say, vulturina and prasina Lee., and
santadarce Bates. The last is a good species, distinct from vulturina
in having the fascia very much less oblique and with the outer and
inner ends much more swollen; both of these are strong fliers but
prasina probably has less developed wings. The size throughout
is unusually large.

4 — Longilabris group.

This group is well defined and consists of longilabris Say, montana
Lee., albilabris Kirby, perviridis and laurenti Schaupp., oslari and
vestalia Leng, nebraskana Csy., spinitarsis*, canadensis*, ostenta*,
and placerensis* . The allies of longilabris are numerous and the
group was less carefully elaborated by Mr. Leng than some others;
for example, it does not seem to have occurred to the author that
the formation of the labrum is different in the male and female.
In this group the tip is usually tridentate in the male, with the
lateral teeth broader and more obtuse and purely unidentate in
the female, though this rule by no means applies to the entire family;
here for instance it is more dentate in the male than in the female
as a rule, while in some other groups, such as rufiventris, it is the
female that has the more strongly dentate labrum. Nebraskana
is a subspecies of montana and has the labrum similarly black in the

*

female and white in the male; the body is however smaller and more
slender and the antennae less stout than in montana and it occurs at
lower elevations and more especially in the prairie country. The
coloration of the labrum appears to be important, but Mr. Leng
does not seem to have associated it with sex and implies that it is
therefore a very inconstant and unreliable character; more material
than I have at present would be desirable however in order to arrive
at a satisfactorily final conclusion.

6 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

5 — Sexguttata group.

Resembles the preceding very strikingly in facies, in the hairless
front in both sexes, well developed tarsi, form of maculation and
in many other features, but differs in the shorter labrum and finer,
feebler sculpture. It comprises sexguttata and violacea Fabr.,
patruela and consentanea Dej., harrisi Leng and levettei and tridens
Csy. Tridens is the immaculate bright pure green form found at
Onaga, Kansas; it differs from the immaculate forms of levettei,
which occur especially in the south, in its shorter and broader
outline. The true molacea I have not seen; it may possibly be one
of the scutellaris group.

6 — Nigroccerulea group.

I would associate together in this group nigroccerulea Lee. and
feminalis, triplicans, snowi, velutoidea, tumidifrons, filitarsis and
aterrima Csy., also townsendi*; probably viatica Chev., enthales
Bates, of Durango, Mexico, and other similar forms are to be in-
cluded also. The elytral sculpture is always feeble, often obsoles-
cent, the tarsi long, the front generally bald in both sexes, the size
of the body small or moderate, the elytral apices non-serrulate and
the pale maculation wanting or small and disconnected. The
taxonomic forms, whether species or subspecies, are numerous, but
individuals are comparatively very rare in collections; the types of
tumidifrons, filitarsis and aterrima are from Chihuahua.

7 — Scutellaris group.

This is a well defined group, in which the body becomes unusually
short and stout in build, the front pubescent in the male, the elytral
punctures nearly obsolete and the tarsi only moderate in length.
The species and subspecies are scutellaris Say, rugifrons, modesta
and unicolor Dej., lecontei Hald., nigrior Schaupp and criddlei*.
No one seems to know as yet the true relationships of these various
developments, but it should be said that they hold as truly to the
typical form and coloration in each case as do the species of any
other natural group. There is nothing to be gained and much
complication of our nomenclature to be incurred by considering
them, provisionally at least, as anything else than species. The
same remark applies to other groups such as pur pur ea and blanda.

ClCINDELID^: AND CARABID^E 7

8 — Pulchra group.

A small group, having many of the characters of the preceding,
being almost glabrous and with variable front in regard to pubes-
cence, but the tarsi are unusually long and the body narrower and
more elongate; the elytra are generally immaculate and peculiarly
sculptured, the punctures distinct basally but rapidly becoming
obsolete posteriorly. The species so far as known are pulchra Say,
pimeriana Lee. and horni Schaupp, also the Mexican ritteri Bates.

9 — Fulgida group.

In this group the body is of moderate or small size, with fine and
moderate to feeble sculpture, short labrum and more or less pubes-
cent front, generally in both sexes; it is principally distinguished
as a group, however, by the unusually short tarsi, fulgida itself
being the least typical of all in this respect. The group includes
fulgida Say, wilUstoni, latesignata and hyperborea Lee., limbigera
G. & H. (limbata Say — praeocc.), senilis G. H. Horn, pseudosenilis
W. Horn, tenuicincta Schaupp, cochisensis — the only immaculate
form — echo and amadeensis Csy., lantzi E. D. Harris, as well as
nympha* and obliviosa*. These species and subspecies are distrib-
uted among a number of small groups by Mr. Leng, but this seems
to be unnecessary, as there are strong bonds of affinity among them,
especially in general style of ornamentation, sculpture and tarsal
structure; there is however marked diversity in external habitus.

\Q—Pusilla group.

A group of small species, one of the chief peculiarities of which is
the tendency to unusual elongation of the humeral lunule; in most
of its other characters however it reproduces the preceding group in
great measure. The species are pusilla and terricola Say, cincti-
pennis, cyandla and imperfecta Lee., lunalonga Schaupp and tuo-
lumnce Leng. Mr. Woodgate sent me a very large series of cincti-
pennis, from Jemez Springs, New Mexico, nearly all of which are of
a dull coppery-brown color, contrasting in this respect with a series
from Dakota and Montana, all of which are dull green. I have not
seen pusilla, terricola, cyanella or lunalonga, but have the others.
TuolumncB is a true species and not a variety.

8 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

ii — Pur pur ea group.

This is a very large section of the genus, characterized by a rather
broad, moderately convex, distinctly and evenly sculptured body,
with moderate labrum, hairy front in both sexes, more metallic
and smoother elytral side-margins, well developed tarsi and rather
deficient maculation as a rule, this only very rarely expanding
along the sides to form an entire white margin as in cimarrona,
seen in an incipient stage in auguralis. This and the two following
groups exhibit a progressive posterior inflexion of the humeral
lunule, scarcely at all evident here, more pronounced mformosa and
very pronounced in tranquebarica. The forms attachable to the
purpurea group are purpurea Oliv., extending from the Atlantic
coast to the plains of Kansas but replaced by other forms in the
Rocky Mountains, decemnotata Say, splendida Hentz, limbalis
Klug, amoena, spreta, auduboni and cimarrona Lee., graminea
Schaupp, transversa, ludoviciana and sierra Leng, lanta and denver-
ensis Csy., and including some less pronounced forms, auguralis*,
ardelio*, franciscana*, inducta*, awemeana*, eldorensis* and alber-
tina*. Denverensis and sierra form a very distinct subgroup and
are pronouncedly distinct species, not at all closely allied to any
others; the penultimate joint of the labial palpi is wholly pale in
the male of both, which withdraws them widely from the more
typical species, but in limbalis this joint is also pale or piceous in the
male, though black in the allied awemeana. Sierra was placed
among the allies of tranquebarica by Leng but in my opinion in-
correctly.

12 — Formosa group.

The less numerous species of this group have most of the char-
acters of the preceding but with a more developed labrum, except
in admiscens, plumper body in one section, a more convex upper
surface, with broad white lateral margins and more inflexed humeral
lunule. The various forms are formosa Say, generosa Dej., venusta
Lee., manitoba Leng and luxuriosa*, versuta*, gracilenta* and
admiscens*. Latesignata and tenuicincta placed here by Leng be-
long very evidently with the fulgida and willistoni series, not only
because of habitus but as proved conclusively by the very short
hind tarsi.

CICINDELID.E AND CARABID^: 9

13 — Tranquebarica group.

In this group the humeral lunule becomes greatly inflexed and
posteriorly oblique, most of the other characters being as in the
two preceding groups. It includes four evident subgroups, typified
by the four very isolated species tranquebarica, hyperborea, diffracta
and plutonica. The species and subspecies are tranquebarica
Herbst (vulgaris Say and obliquata Dej.), kirbyi Lee. (obliquata
Kirby), vibex G. H. Horn (? roguensis E. D. Harris), diffracta and
plutonica Csy., horiconensis and bellissima Leng and viridissima
Fall; also turbulenta* and crinifrons*. Sierra Leng belongs to the
purpurea group; it is an isolated and valid species and not by any
means a variety of anything.

14 — Repanda group.

This is a very large group, characterized by a smaller and shorter
body than in the three preceding and a humeral lunule which is
only moderately inflexed posteriorly and to nearly similar a degree
as at base, most frequently resolved into two dots; the sculpture,
pubescence and other characters are nearly as in the preceding.
The various forms are repanda and duodecimguttata Dej., oregona
Lee., ancocisconensis Harris, unijuncta, depressula and scapularis
Csy., eureka Fall and maricopa Leng, as well as bucolica*, sterope*,
quadripennis* , ovalipennis* , sonoma*, and audax*. Depressula and
scapularis form a well characterized subgroup in having the elytra
more oblong, less convex, more coarsely punctured and of a vivid
green that does not appear in any other forms. Ancocisconensis
was made the type of a separate group, far removed from repanda,
by Leng, but I cannot appreciate the reasons for this disassociation.
Unijuncta is much smaller and narrower than repanda, in addition
to the different form of maculation, and I have little or no doubt
now that it is a distinct species; it has probably not been correctly
identified by Mr. Leng.

15 — Hirticollis group.

The habitus here is rather different from repanda and allies, owing
to the more inflated body and, more especially, because the humeral
lunule has a distinctly different form, the posterior inflexed part
being much longer, straight and transverse to somewhat anteriorly

io MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

oblique. The group includes hirticollis Say, gravida Lee., ponder osa,
Thorns. — all distinct species — and abrupta* — a subspecies.

16 — Tenuisignata group.

Consists of tenuisignata Lee., alone, so far as known. It is more
slender than any of the immediately preceding groups and differs
greatly in having the front bald in both sexes ; it has a well developed
reflexed fascia and humeral lunule as in the repanda group, but with
all the markings very slender. There are some more or less similar
species in the Mexican fauna — for example, fera Chev. This is
abundant in Durango and has a perfectly bald front in both sexes,
excepting one or two setae near the eyes and is therefore properly
a member of the repanda group, the markings being similar.

17 — Tortuosa group.

In this group the body is rather small, the front bald in both sexes
and the elytral markings are very fine but much extended, the fascia
assuming an oblique serpentine course almost attaining the suture
near posterior fourth; the humeral lunule is nearly as in the hirti-
collis group, except that the straight inflexed posterior part is more
posteriorly oblique and the hind part of the marginal dilatation at
the point of origin of the fascia is dilated, tending to isolate itself
to form the posterior marginal spot of the rufiventris group. The
species are few in number, comprising tortuosa Dej. and sigmoidea
and serpens of LeConte; serpens is by no means a synonym of
tortuosa, being a very much smaller, more slender and more delicate
species.

1 8 — Gabbi group.

The body is of nearly similar size and outline and the front is
similarly nude, but the elytral markings are much heavier and of
radically different development, the anterior extension from the
outer part of the apical lunule being more elongate than in any
other known species, and, between it and the suture, is projected the
very long posterior ramus of the medial fascia; the only species is
gabbi Horn, from San Diego, California.

ClCINDELID^ AND CARABHXE II

19 — Dor sails group.

The development of elytral ornamentation here is as isolated as
that of gabbi but, though remindful of it in some respects, is not at
all homologous; here it is the humeral lunule that is greatly ex-
tended, being flexed posteriorly along the suture to the middle,
where it sometimes joins the much extended anteriorly hamate
extremity of the transverse band, seen in feeble development in the
blanda type; the head here is nude in both sexes as in gabbi. The
elytra sometimes become entirely white, except narrowly along the
suture. In some cases, such as apricoidea, intermediates seem to
be wanting and there is therefore a suggestion of true dimorphism,
a condition particularly characteristic of sea-beach species. The
species and subspecies are dor sails Say, Saulcyl Guer., media Lee.,
semipicta Csy., munlfica* and apricoidea*.

20 — Pamplilla group.

A single isolated species constitutes this group at present—
pamphlla Lee. The head is large and hairless, the hind body short
and broad, somewhat as in the preceding group, but the markings
are of the prcetextata order.

21 — Clrcumplcta group.

The head is hairless and well developed, the body elongate,
the elytra with entirely white margins, the middle band oblique,
straight, sometimes long, but rudimentary in the type species, and
the legs are long. The various forms are clrcumplcta Laf., calif ornlca
Men., prcetextata Lee., and ambiens*, inspiciens*, fulgoris* and
strlngens*.

22 — Togata group.

In some respects this is remindful of the clrcumplcta group, the
elytral margins being broadly white, but the tarsi are shorter and
the head hairy. The species known so far are togata Laf., aplcalls
W. Horn and globlcollls* .

23 — Leplda group.

This is one of the most isolated types of the genus and I am un-
able to trace the development of its type of ornamentation from any
of the others so far known. The form of the white lateral margin

12 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

and internal offsets is manifestly of the blanda type, but there is
no other species having the sutural white vitta which here expands
greatly toward base. The short broad hind body recalls that of
pamphila, but the very pallid legs and antennae are peculiar and
the tarsi are rather short; the head is hairy and the legs are un-
usually pubescent throughout. The known components of the
group are lepida Dej. and insomnis*.

24 — Gratiosa group.

The general outline here changes to the elongate form characteriz-
ing the marginata group and sexual modifications of the elytral
apices, so greatly developed there, become apparent here also, but
the scheme of ornamentation is different; it is peculiar to the group
but betrays some affiliation with the proetextata type. The head is
very densely hairy and the legs are very long and slender and much
more pubescent than in any other of the neighboring groups, except
the preceding. The only three known species are gratiosa Guer.,
hirtilabris Lee. and smythi E. D. Harris, of the southern Atlantic
and Gulf regions.

25 — Marginata group.

This is one of the larger of the American groups of the genus,
and as here organized comprises several of the smaller groups
proposed by Mr. Leng. There is evidently a strong bond of
affinity between all of the species as shown especially by the general
habitus, which is similar throughout. The head is hairy, the legs
long but not pubescent, the elytra elongate and the modification
of the elytral apices in the female always evident and sometimes
very radical, either in the abrupt sinuation of the oblique apical
edges as in cuprascens, or of the apices themselves as in marginata;
in blanda these modifications are barely traceable, but this species is
distinguished by a formation of the mandibles that does not seem
to have been referred to; they are very long and slender, with the
teeth grouped nearer the base than usual. This group will include
marginata Fabr., blanda Dej., hamata Brulle, cuprascens, macra,
wapleri, nevadica and sperata Lee., puritana Horn, inquisitor Csy.,
knausi Leng, marutha Dow and also mercurialis*, amnicola* and
mundula*. For many years I have had an example of marutha

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID.E 13

in my cabinet, regarding it simply as a green specimen of sperata,
but on closer observation it is seen to have a broader form and the
external angulation of the female elytra is much more obtuse than
in s per at a.

The mandibles in Cicindela are seldom observable throughout
their length when attached to the head, but where they are fully
exposed to view they may be seen to be remarkable in dentition.
The right mandible has the usual three teeth near the middle of its
length, the middle one sometimes very much smaller than the
others, but there is another very prominent tooth at the base which
is not single, but double, the two teeth generally being of the same
prominence and placed side by side on a transverse line of the inner
edge of the mandible; the opposite tooth of the left mandible is
also duplex but not so strongly, and when the mandibles are closed
fits into the corresponding tooth of the right mandible, thus securely
locking them. I am unable at present to state how constant this
formation may be throughout the genus, but it is analogous in all
that I have been able to examine, and the basal paired tooth of the
right mandible becomes very prominent in the limbata group as
well as in ponderosa.

26 — Punctulata group.

We begin here a rather abrupt departure from any of the pre-
ceding groups and again have to deal with subglabrous forms; they
however differ from the earlier groups of the genus in having the
subsutural line of foveae better developed and include nearly all
those forms having a rufous abdomen. The punctulata type is so
well known as to need no present comment, further than to say that
the abdomen, as in the two following groups, is not rufous but
black and metallic as usual. This group comprises punctulata
Oliv. (micans Fabr.), chihuahua Bates (micans Shpp., Leng nee
Fabr.) and boulderensis Csy.

27 — Sever a group.

The body is larger in this type than in the preceding and gigantic
when compared with the following group, smooth, subglabrous,
sometimes with sericeous lustre, with large head and very prominent
eyes. The only two known species are severa Laf. and striga Lee.

14 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

28 — Viridisticta group.

The species here are among the most minute of the genus, rather
slender, usually with the angulate fascia and apical lunule distinct
and often with a small discal pale spot near basal third, the punc-
tures conspicuously blue or green. Viridisticta does not occur
north of Mexico and our species, generally so identified, is arizonensis
Bates. The beautiful little Cuban viridicollis Dej., also belongs
here and I also have two examples of a Panama species which is
closely allied but very differently colored.

29 — Abdominalis group.

The abdomen in this group is generally red, as it is in all the suc-
ceeding groups except flavopunctata, where it is only occasionally
red and in lemniscata, which I prefer to place last in the series. The
surface is polished in this group as in the severa group, and the sub-
sutural line of fovese is even more developed; the species are of
very small size and are subglabrous. Those forms known thus
far are abdominalis Fabr., scabrosa Schaupp, extemiata* and faceta*.

30 — Politula group.

This group has the body much broader than in the three or four
preceding, nearly as in the rufiventris group in this respect, but with
the surface polished as in the preceding and not dull as in all the
following except lemniscata. It is also distinguishable by an
absence of all pale maculation, excepting an apical lunule, which
may be only partially represented or wanting. The specific or sub-
spec'fic forms are politula Lee., and cribrum*.

31 — Rufiventris group.

The type of rufiventris Dej., as explained by Bates (Tr. Ent. Soc.
Lond., 1890, p. 503) is from St. Domingo; it has a complete
apical lunule and three detached spots in triangle on each elytron.
It is possible of course that Dejean's type was not correctly labeled,
for we have a form in Pennsylvania and Ohio which has a complete
apical lunule and the three more anterior spots as the sole macula-
tion, excepting a small humeral spot, and this has always been
identified in our collections as rufiventris Dej. The normal macu-
lation of the group consists of a humeral and an apical lunule,

ClCINDELIDyE AND CARABID^ 15

an obliquely sigmoid median band, a subapical spot near the
outer end of the apical lunule and a marginal spot near apical
third. According to Bates the true i6-punctata of Klug (rubri-
ventris Chev.) is 9-10 mm. in length, generally dark and bluish
in tint and the markings form on each elytron eight equal-sized
spots, the two median sometimes connected by a thin line. It
occurs chiefly in the vicinity of the City of Mexico. The labrum
is scarcely at all produced in the middle, even in the female.
This definition does not suit the Arizona and New Mexican form
that we are accustomed to call i6-punctata, as in fact is recognized
by Bates (1. c.), but he does not designate this form by name.
Our species and subspecies of this group are numerous and com-
prise rujwentris and hentzi Dej., cumatilis and hcemorrhagica Lee.,
padfica Schaupp, and arizonce Wick.; also woodgatei*, collusor*,
and sonorana* described below.

32 — Flavopunctata group.

The chief differences between this group and the preceding
lie in the usually black abdomen, in the absence of the marginal
spot of the elytra near apical third and the presence of only the
outer end of the apical lunule, which forms a clearly denned rounded
marginal spot; it is essentially a neotropical group, only one species
crossing the Mexican border into Texas — the rectilatera of Chau-
doir. I have also a good series of chiapana Bates, from Hunduras,
and of an undescribed but very similar form from Guerrero. The
dark abdomen in rectilatera misled Mr. Leng, who placed the
species far out of its proper position in the series. Chiapana Bates,
is almost perfectly similar though much smaller and has a bright
red abdomen as in the rufiventris group. The color of the abdomen
also becomes largely pale in some Mexican forms of the repanda
group; so the pale color of the abdomen is not a group character.

33 — Sommeri group.

This group is closely allied to the preceding but the hind body is
more inflated and the elytral markings become very broad and
confluent, consisting of a broad but short humeral lunule, a broad
straight oblique fascia from the margin nearly to the suture and a
arge circular marginal spot in the same position as the subapical

1 6 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

spot of the flavopunctata group. My series of sommeri Mann., is
from Sonora, but Mr. Leng states that it has been reported from the
vicinity of San Diego, Cal.. by Henry Edwards.

34 — Marginipennis group.

A small group of very distinct species, elongate, subparallel in
form, subglabrous and with dull lustre, the elytra rather narrowly
but continuously margined throughout externally with white,
having an internal medial offset, short in the type species but long
in schauppi. The abdomen is bright red, but in the recently de-
scribed segnis, which I venture to place in this group because of its
external resemblances, the abdomen is apparently not red but
metallic green. The only three species are marginipennis Dej.,
schauppi Horn and segnis E. D. Harris. In the first the labrum is
short, not prominent medially but with a distinct median tooth ; in
schauppi it is much longer, more prominent, the medial lobe
arcuately truncate and with a very minute tooth.

35 — Lemniscata group.

The singular small parallel and bright cupreous-red lemniscata
Lee., is the only species of this group. The labrum is but feebly
sinuate medially at apex and from the middle of the sinus projects a
small acute tooth. In view of this, as well as the statement above
made in regard to schauppi, I am unable to understand what Mr.
Leng could have had in hand when he drew the diagrams of the
labrum of lemniscata and schauppi on plate II of his memoir (Tr.
Am. Ent. Soc., 1902), as the form of the labrum in these cases is
nearly similar in the sexes. The white vitta of lemniscata, which is
discal and not marginal, may be homologous with the wonderful
solar spectrum arrayed in a similarly placed longitudinal vitta in
the Mexican aurora Thorns., except that in the former the white
vitta joins the outer end of a regular apical lunule, while in aurora,
radians and other similar forms it bends inwardly to the suture
posteriorly, without approaching the margin. At any rate lemnis-
cata has no ally in our fauna and I would not know where to place
it in the succession here proposed.

CICINDELIM; AND CARABID^; 17

Remarks and Descriptions.

4 — There are at least three evident subgroups of the longilabris
type baseable upon longilabris, montana and perviridis. An ex-
ample from Manitoba in my collection is smaller and of narrower
form than longilabris and probably represents albilabris of Kirby,
a valid subspecies; laurenti is another subspecies of the longilabris
subgroup, being of a paler brown, denser and more opaque sculpture
and broader elytral markings ; the two forms described by Mr. Leng
are not at hand, but they also belong to the longilabris type without
much doubt. Of the taxonomic value of the following I am in
some doubt but will describe it as a species allied to longilabris:

Cicindela ostenta n. sp. — Rather smaller and with relatively shorter
and broader hind body than longilabris, bright green and rather notably
shining above, the legs and anterior part of the under surface green, the
abdomen and median part of the metasternum violet-blue, the last
segment of the former green; elytral markings as in longilabris. Length
(cf) 13-5 mm.; width 5.0 mm. California.

This is probably the form that has hitherto been referred to as a
green longilabris, but there is strong reason to believe that it is a
true species rather than a subspecies, for the labrum differs greatly.
In the male of longilabris the apex of the labrum is sinuate, with a
stout tooth projecting from the sinus, the latter denned laterally by
obtuse but prominent teeth. In ostenta the labrum of the male is
strongly and almost evenly rounded at apex, with a tooth pro-
jecting from the middle but without further modification.

Nebraskana is a subspecies of montana, similarly having shining
elytra with the punctures well separated among themselves and a
totally black labrum in the female, but the outline is more slender
and the size rather smaller. My three examples of montana came
from Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, and have only a sculptural
indication of the middle band. I formerly thought that they were
nebraskana, but closer observation shows that this is not the case;
they agree exactly with the original description of montana. The
following is another subspecies:

Cicindela montana ssp. canadensis nov. — Smaller and much shorter
than montana, less shining, deep black throughout above and beneath,
the under surface strongly shining; labrum more oblique at the sides,
the apex narrower, the sinus deeper, the median tooth stronger, projecting
well beyond the dentiform sides of the sinus, the surface pale throughout

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

i8 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

(cf) or pale becoming gradually black at the periphery (9 ); elytra with
the punctures not generally isolated as they are in montana but confluent,
each elytron having merely a slender elbowed discal middle band pale;
legs and tarsi similarly rather slender. Length (d7|9) 1 1.0-13.0 mm.;
width 4.7-5.0 mm. Canada (Calgary, Alberta).

The following is certainly a distinct species of the montana
subgroup :

Cicindela spissitarsis n. sp. — Short, feebly convex, black, the bottoms
of the elytral punctures obscure green; under surface purplish-black,
the abdomen metallic green and violet; labrum (9) as in longilabris,
black throughout; head and prothorax with dense rugulation, which is
longitudinal but not very regular on the front, the latter nearly flat,
abruptly depressed at the inner margins of the eyes ; prothorax transverse,
deeply, transversely bisulcate; elytra rather less than one-half longer
than wide, sculptured nearly as in canadensis, the punctures very dense
and confusedly confluent, each elytron with only the inner end of the
middle band pale; legs rather short, the tarsi stouter than in any other
American species of the genus, the posterior equal in length to the tibiae,
pale piceo-testaceous in color, the third joint distinctly less than three
times as long as wide. Length (9) n.o mm.; width 4.7 mm. Canada
(Aweme, Manitoba), — Norman Criddle.

The tarsal structure, sculpture and coloration in this species
isolate it at once among its fellows. The following belongs to the
perviridis section of the present group:

Cicindela perviridis ssp. placerensis nov. — Oblong, rather depressed)
dull in lustre, the upper surface blue to obscure green, the entire under
surface polished and pure blue to greenish-blue; labrum as in perviridis,
similar in the sexes, pale throughout, the apex rather narrowly truncate,
with a strong tooth projecting from the truncature; vertex concave,
distinctly and subevenly strigilate; prothorax very short and strongly
transverse, the sides converging and nearly straight from apex to base,
the transverse sulci deeper blue; elytra as in perviridis in maculation and
sculpture but shorter and more obtuse at apex, the punctures very shallow,
granulose as usual, confluent and each with a shining elevation; some-
times the surface seems to be almost even, with only the shining eleva-
tions remaining; legs rather long, slender, the hind tarsi longer than the
tibice. Length (c? 9 ) 12.0-12.8 mm.; width 4.7-5.3 mm. California
(Placer Co.),— Koebele.

In my only male example of perviridis the outline is more elon-
gate, the surface similarly very feebly convex, the color pure green
but with dull lustre above and pure metallic green throughout
beneath; the prothorax is distinctly less transverse, with the
sulci not or scarcely at all deeper in color; the humeral lunule is
complete, the middle band expanded at the margin, extending

ClCINDELIDJE AND CARABID^ 1 9

inwardly to about the median line and the apical lunule is repre-
sented only by a large rounded, posteriorly attenuated marginal
spot near the anterior limit of the apical obliquity and a very feeble
remnant near the sutural angles.

6 — In the nigroccerulea group the following Mexican species should
be included:

*Cicindela townsendi n. sp. — Rather stout and convex, alutaceous,
completely immaculate, blackish-cupreous to brighter cupreous-red,
the under surface dark blue and glabrous, not at all pubescent laterally;
labrum pale, clouded with black along the apex, the latter broadly,
strongly, arcuately produced and bearing a single rather strong tooth;
head and prothorax glabrous, the latter slightly narrower than the head,
a fourth to third wider than long and moderately obtrapezoidal, finely
sculptured, with the sulci rather shallow; elytra oblong-oval, with slightly
arcuate sides, about two-thirds longer than wide, together evenly and
obtusely rounded at apex with smooth marginal bead, the surface vir-
tually impunctate, except the small but abrupt foveae in the two de-
pressions, but strongly sericeous in lustre and with barely discoverable
vestiges of moderate punctures equally throughout the surface; hind
tarsi longer than the tibiae, slender. Length (9 ) 11.5-12.0 mm.; width
4.2-4.6 mm. Mexico (Sierra Madre Mts., 7300', Chihuahua), — C. H. T.
Townsend.

Evidently allied to viatica Chev. and nigrilabris Bates, but
differs in having the labrum purely unidentate, there being no
vestige of lateral teeth and in having the elytral sculpture uniform,
though very feeble, and not closer apically. The labial palpi are
piceous, except the last joint which is feebly claviform and with
green metallic lustre.

7 — It seems a correct course to announce the following member of
the scutellaris group as a distinct species :

Cicindela criddlei n. sp. — Form very stout, the upper surface shining
but with feeble to moderate alutaceous lustre, wholly brilliant red to
obscure green feebly suffused with red, the elytral margins broadly and
entirely white, the inner margin of the vitta broadly swollen medially
and emarginate at the middle of the usual position of the apical lunule,
sometimes with the margin interrupted just before the apical lunule and
with the anterior part reduced in width and more withdrawn from the
exterior edge; under surface shining metallic blue to green throughout;
labrum strongly tridentate at the middle in both sexes; prothorax moder-
ately transverse, nearly as wide as the head, with many long erect white
hairs at the sides; elytra with the punctures feeble and obsolescent, rather
distinct toward base. Length (cf 9 ) 12.0-12.5 mm.; width 5.0-5.4 mm.
Canada (Aweme, Manitoba), — Norman Criddle.

2O MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

The four homogeneous examples, kindly communicated by Mr.
Criddle, represent a form allied to lecontei but very much stouter, the
head similarly hairy in the male but with the erect hairs on the flanks
of the prothorax longer, much more numerous and conspicuous,
especially in the male; the outer margins of the elytra as a rule
are broadly and continuously white throughout and not resolved
into three widely separated sections as in lecontei and modesta.

9 — The fulgida group, as here organized, contains but few dis-
cordant structural elements, and for the most part holds together
very well in its chief distinguishing feature among the neighboring
groups, that is the very short tarsi ; these are longer in fulgida than
in any other species of the group but not so very much longer, and
cochisensis, though having the characteristically short tarsi, is con-
spicuously different in its immaculate elytra, there being no spot
except the humeral which is occasionally evident. All collections
contain a form of latesignata in which the broad elytral marking
becomes in great part confluent, leaving only the suture, very
broadly basally and abruptly expanded in a transverse spot near
apical fourth, dark. This form has never been named but, as there
are no intermediates and the taxonomic value of the form unknown,
it seems best to give it a definite designation as follows:

Cicindela latesignata ssp. obliviosa nov. — Similar to latesignata in
form, color and sculpture, excepting that the pale markings of the elytra
are broadly confluent. Length (cf 9 ) 12.5-13.0 mm.; width 4.8-5.2 mm.
California (Seabeaches at San Diego, occurring apparently with the
normal form of the species).

The constancy of this aberration is quite as inexplicable on the
ground of mere variation, as is that of the pale form in some species
of the dorsalis group. It is possibly a case of asexual dimorphism,
but its real nature is not known. As a rule the outline of obliviosa
is a little narrower than that of latesignata and in those rare exam-
ples displaying a slight separation of the markings, it will be ob-
served that the humeral lunule is more oblique or less transverse
posteriorly than in latesignata.

Cicindela limbigera ssp. nympha nov. — Nearly similar to limbigera
but larger and with larger head, the color darker aeneous-brown and
not blue or green as in that species; head and prothorax with similar
plentiful bristling white pubescence; elytra similar in form and sculpture

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID/E 21

but larger, only feebly convex, white, with a sutural dark vitta which is
broad at base, becoming gradually narrower and extinct at apical fourth
or fifth, the white field having on each a single feebly arcuate dark line
near outer third behind the middle, oblique in direction but wholly
without trace of other dark maculation; tarsi very short. Length (c?1 9 )
10.5-11.3 mm.; width 4.0-4.4 mm. Canada (Aweme, Manitoba), —
Griddle.

Differs from limbigera in its larger size, aeneous-brown color —
more greenish beneath — and in the constant absence of the dark
sublateral spot before the middle, which is as constantly present in
that species.

ii — In the purpurea group there are many rather distinctly
characterized species and subspecies not as yet recorded in the
literature; some of these are as follows:

Cicindela purpurea ssp. auguralis nov. — Larger and with more elongate
hind body than in purpurea, obscure green with cupreous side margins
to brownish-cupreous suffused with greenish; elytral markings, when
complete, consisting of an entire humeral lunule, a middle band some-
times expanded at the margin and a complete apical lunule, but generally
with the humeral and apical lunules divided broadly. Length (cf 9 )
13.0-15.0 mm.; width 5.2-5.5 mm. Colorado.

The greener examples of this subspecies have been confused with
graminea in most collections. Graminea is a much narrower and
more elongate form, with less transverse prothorax, pure green
above, with brighter green or blue metallic side margins; it is much
more deficient in basal maculation, only one of my three examples
having even so much as a single humeral spot. From purpurea it
differs in its larger size, more elongate elytra and much more com-
plete basal maculation of the elytra, though the coloration, in the
prevalence of brownish-coppery shades, is similar.

Cicindela purpurea ssp. ardelio nov. — Smaller and much narrower
than purpurea, the elytra more elongate; color dark and obscure uni-
form green above, with simply slightly paler and more shining and nar-
rower side margins, very dark blue beneath; elytral maculation complete,
consisting of an entire humeral lunule, an apical lunule complete, except
that the outer end is detached as a discal spot, and a middle band only
very feebly oblique at its inner end and much expanded along the side
margins. Length (cf ) 12.5 mm.; width 4.7 mm.; New Mexico.

I would have considered this to be graminea, were it not for the
still narrower form of the body and the fuller elytral maculation,

22 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

but especially the different structure of the hind legs. The hind
tarsi in the type are very long, in fact almost one-half longer than
the tibiae, while in the male of graminea they are only a third or
fourth longer than the tibiae.

Cicindela purpurea ssp. inducta nov. — Body black throughout but
with a feeble greenish tinge especially anteriorly, the under surface
bright coppery, the metasternum and sides of the abdomen basally
green, the remainder of the abdomen blue, the apices of the segments
green; legs obscure coppery-green; elytra with the side margins only
differing slightly from the disk and obscure coppery, the markings
consisting of a humeral and post-humeral spot, a median band oblique
internally and about attaining the outer edge, along which it is slightly
expanded anteriorly, and a complete apical lunule which is bent at the
middle to form a right angle. Length (cf ) 11.5 mm.; width 5.0 mm.
Colorado.

Much smaller than aiiguralis or auduboni and differing from the
latter very greatly in maculation and from both in color throughout.

Limbalis Klug, is a species different from purpurea. The penulti-
mate joint of the labial palpi frequently becomes pale in limbalis,
though this may not be entirely constant within the same specific
or subspecific form in this group, but I have never noted an instance
of its becoming pale in purpurea or in any of its subspecies. The
body is much narrower and more elongate than in the typical
purpurea section. I think that transversa Leng, of wrhich I have a
single example from Indiana, is a member of the limbalis and not
of the true purpurea section, and splendida is also a limbalis-\ike
species. I do not seem to have either sprela or amcena of LeConte
and so cannot judge definitely concerning them, but from what is
quoted by Mr. Leng they also would seem to be of the limbalis
type. Limbalis is represented in my collection by a good series
from Connecticut to Iowa; one male from Fort Gratiot, Mich., is
shorter in the hind body than any other, but there seem to be but
few other differences; the color above is coppery-red, the side mar-
gins metallic-blue, the thoracic sulci also blue; they all have a
humeral and post-humeral pale spot, the elbowed middle band
penetrating the blue margin and sometimes virtually attaining
the elytral edge but never expanding along the latter, a transverse
apical streak and a detached subapical external spot; no one of
my examples has a complete humeral or apical lunule. The follow-
ing is a very beautiful and much smaller development:

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID^E 23

Cicindela limbalis ssp. awemeana nov. — Smaller than limbalis and
with shorter hind body, the upper surface generally intense purplish-red,
sometimes however without the purplish tinge but always brighter than
in limbalis, the thoracic sulci and marginal streak and vitta behind the
eyes blue as in limbalis, the elytral side margins purplish-blue to green;
under surface dark blue to bluish-green; elytral maculation nearly as
in limbalis, except that the apical lunule is frequently entire. Length
(cf 9 ) 11.5-12.5 mm.; width 4.8-5.2 mm. Canada (Aweme, Manitoba),
-Criddle.

The under surface and legs are more hairy than in limbalis.

Cicindela limbalis ssp. eldorensis nov. — Much narrower than the
preceding, but otherwise nearly similar in coloration and sculpture, the
sutura! beading still more vividly green; under surface variegated with
blue, coppery and green, the pubescence toward the sides and on the legs
much less developed and resembling limbalis proper. Length (cf1)
12.5 mm.; width 4.65 mm. Colorado (Eldora).

Distinguishable from limbalis by the smaller size and especially
the more slender outline, and inhabiting a different faunal region.
It is narrower than awemeana and less pubescent beneath and on the
femora.

Lauta Csy., is the west coast representative of the true eastern
purpurea and these both differ from any of the Rocky Mountain
forms. Not one of my eight representatives of lauta has the faintesl
trace of any pale maculation at or near the humeri, which is also
the case with the true purpurea, and the hind body in both is of
much shorter, more subquadrate outline. The following is a very
interesting subspecies of lauta, being the smallest member of the
purpurea group:

Cicindela lauta ssp. franciscana nov. — Resembles lauta in its uniform
vivid sericeous green color, the under surface intense shining blue; head
larger, being wider than the prothorax, the latter much smaller, somewhat
less transverse and more strongly obtrapezoidal, the sulci, as well as
the very broad lateral margins of the elytra, deep violet-blue, the markings
similar, consisting of a very small transverse dash near the apical angles
and a median band, but here the latter is not inwardly bent posteriorly
but is transverse and confined to the median part of the disk; elytra
shorter, together less than a third longer than wide. Length (cf)
10.5 mm.; width 4.4 mm. California (locality unrecorded).

The general coloration is a little more obscure than in lauta and

the outline of the body and form of the median fascia very different.

The following is a distinct development of the decemnotata type:

24 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Cicindela decemnotata ssp. albertina nov. — Larger and still more
elongate than decemnotata, green, with feeble subcupreous reflections
and rather shining, the under surface paler green; lateral margins broadly
shining and brighter green; elytral maculation as in decemnotata, though
relatively not quite so broad and with the apical lunule, which is broad
and entire as a rule in that species, strongly divided, the outer part form-
ing a rounded discal spot; middle band with the oblique posterior part
similarly long, but with the outer part tending less to attain the lateral
edges, the outer metallic border being more developed; all the pale spots
and bands seem more widely isolated among themselves, owing to the
larger size of the body and relatively narrower maculation. Length
(cf 9 ) 11.8-13.0 mm.; width 4.75-5.0 mm. Canada (Lethbridge,
Alberta). Communicated by Mr. Criddle.

I have seen only the type pair, which has been compared with
three very good examples of the typical decemnotata.

12 — In the for "mo s a group there are three subgroups, represented
by formosa, of very stout build and moderately elongate, very
strongly tridentate labrum, venusta, having a much narrower body
but still longer though not quite so strongly tridentate labrum,
and admiscens, having a short transverse labrum as in the trangue-
barica group, with a narrow body and markings as in vemista. The
following is a very brilliant modification of formosa:

Cicindela formosa ssp. luxuriosa nov. — Form nearly as in formosa
but not quite so stout, with strong opaque-sericeous lustre, bright coppery
to purplish-red throughout above, the white elytral margins much nar-
rower than in formosa, with the middle band much narrower, more
transverse and less elbowed; legs and under surface bright blue; pu-
bescence and sculpture throughout nearly similar. Length (cf) 15.0
mm.; width 5.7-5.9 mm. Colorado (near Denver), — Soltau.

Though evidently a modification of formosa, this very beautiful
form merits special designation because of the very great recession
of the characteristically broad markings of the formosa section.

Cicindela venusta ssp. versuta nov. — Nearly similar to venusta but
larger and evidently somewhat stouter, the coloration more reddish and
less opaque coppery, the pale markings even a little broader; under surface
bright green, the sides of the prothorax and the sternal side-pieces bright
cupreous; long white pubescence much more abundant, especially on the
femora. Length (c? 9 ) 11.8-14.0 mm.; width 4.6-5.5 mm. Canada
(Aweme, Manitoba), — Criddle.

In venusta the color is pale green throughout beneath; my series
is from Kansas and Colorado.

ClCINDELIDyE AND CARABID^E 25

Cicindela venusta ssp. gracilenta nov. — Similar to venusta and versnta
but much more slender and smaller in size, the coloration and maculation
above and beneath as in the latter; hairs on the front, femora and thoracic
flanks coarser and whiter than in venusta; prothorax much narrower and
less transverse, the head smaller. Length (c?) 11.7 mm.; width 4.2 mm.
Montana.

The hind tarsi have the joints pale toward their bases in a way
not noticeable in either of the other forms mentioned, and the
porrect white spinules at their apices are relatively longer and more
conspicuous.

The following species presents a singular combination of char-
acters and is distinctly isolated :

Cicindela admiscens n. sp. — Form and ornamentation nearly as in
venusta, the inner prolongation of the humeral lunule being more oblique as
a rule, the ground color above more obscure cupreous-brown; pubescence
throughout less abundant, the sculpture a little finer; labrum differing
remarkably, being short and transverse as in the tranqnebarica group,
the three teeth moderate but distinct; prothorax relatively smaller,
narrower than the head, similarly sulcate; elytra with very broad white
marking, almost exactly as in venusta throughout; under surface colored
as in versuta; legs slender. Length (o71 9 ) 13.0-15.0 mm.; width 4.9-5.5
mm. New Mexico (Jemez Springs).

A large series of this species was sent to me recently by Mr.
Woodgate. I mistook it at first for venusta, but the radically dif-
ferent labrum, which is similar in the sexes, prevented any associa-
tion with that species ; in fact some doubt might arise as to whether
it should not be considered an aberrant member of the next group,
but in my opinion it is correctly assigned to the formosa group.

13 — In the tranquebarica (vulgaris) group the species in general are
of rather larger size than those of the repanda group, and, as before
stated, segregate themselves into four widely distinct types. In the
tranquebarica subgroup the various forms are closely allied among
themselves, but include two subtypes, the first having the oblique
inner part of the middle band short as in tranquebarica, hori-
conensis and the two following, and the second having this oblique
arm long as in vibex and kirbyi.

Cicindela tranquebarica ssp. turbulenta nov. — Similar in general to
tranquebarica but rather larger and much stouter, not black or blackish
but dull and deep red-brown, more shining and red at the outer elytral
margins; three labral teeth very strong, not on a median projecting part

26 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

of the edge as is generally the case in that species; front coarsely, strongly
pubescent; prothorax very large, wider than the head, nearly similar
but more transverse; elytra broader but with similar markings; under
surface similar but more pubescent at the sides. Length (9 ) 16.0 mm.
width 6.5 mm. Mississippi (Vicksburg).

Readily distinguishable by its large size, broad form and very large
prothorax.

Cicindela crinifrons n. sp. — Smaller and more convex than tranque-
barica, dull and still blacker in color above, the under surface as in that
species; front densely hispido-pubescent, even more densely in the female,
the hairs fine; prothorax, like the head, paler brown, a lateral streak and
the sulci blue; elytra one-half (cf ) to one-third ( 9 ) longer than wide, the
sculpture and ornamentation nearly similar, except that all the white
markings are generally finer and that the humeral lunule is much less
oblique posteriorly, ending at about the median line of each elytron at
and not behind basal third; under surface more pubescent laterally.
Length (cf 9 ) 11.0-13.0 mm.; width 4.7-5.7 mm. North Carolina
(Asheville and Southern Pines).

This form differs so much from tranquebarica in size, convexity,
in its blacker color, more abundant pubescence and in the direction
and extent of the posterior part of the humeral lunule, that I prefer
to give it a specific status.

On reading Dejean's description of obliquata very carefully, it
becomes evident that obliquata Dej., is merely the species named
tranquebarica by Herbst and vulgaris by Say. This was recognized
also by LeConte, who gave the name kirbyi to the obliquata of
Dejean as understood by Kirby. The species should therefore be:

Cicindela kirbyi Lee. — Obliquata Kirby nee. Dej. (Faun. Bor. Am., iv,
10) — Narrower, more elongate, more convex and paler coppery-brown
than tranquebarica Hbst., and with the elytral markings much broader
though otherwise as in that species, except that the oblique part of the
middle band is more extended posteriorly. Colorado to Manitoba
(Aweme).

The northern specimens are a little smaller than the southern as a
rule, but do not differ otherwise, and there are two examples from
Colorado before me, in which the elytra are broader and more in-
flated than in any others of a good series. There are a good many
varieties near vibex and kirbyi, but my material is not sufficient to
differentiate them.

14 — The 12-guttata section of the repanda group is composed of
numerous more or less important elements, which have not as yet

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^ 2J

been very thoroughly studied.* I find the various components
to be separated by clear-cut lines as a rule, based upon general
coloration, sculpture, outline or pubescence and, as represented
by the material in my own collection alone, it is perfectly evident
that there are many forms worthy of separate designation in this
section of the group. Of the true guttifera stock there are three
geographic subspecies, one inhabiting solely the coast region of
California to the northward of San Francisco, another, maricopa,
occurring so far only in Arizona, and the third- — the typical guttifera
—generally paler than the others and occurring abundantly in
New Mexico and Colorado and probably still further to the north-
ward on the eastern slope of the Rockies. Oregona is widely distinct
in its system of sculpture. The Mexican fera Chev., with partially
red abdomen is also a member of this repanda group. The taxo-
nomic units and subunits in this group are so numerous that it
seems best to give a brief tabular statement of their chief differential
characters, so far as represented by material at hand; this is as
follows :

Elytral markings complete, the humeral and apical lunules not divided,
the middle band expanded along the side margins; elytra (9)
more or less abruptly expanded at the sides before the middle;
frontal convexity pubescent in both sexes 2

Elytral markings incomplete, the humeral and apical lunules broadly
divided or obsolete, the elytra ( 9 ) not or but very faintly expanded
before the middle 4

2 — Elytral punctures small, the surface sometimes appearing to be
almost impunctate but with the polished granules always conspicuous
though small; color blackish-brown, the white side margin well
separated from the humeral lunule; entire under surface blue.
Length (d71 9 ) 12.0-12.5 mm.; width 4.7-5.0 mm. New York.

ancocisconensis Harris

Elytral punctures comparatively coarse, relatively closer, the granules
shining and more or less coarse; body beneath blue, with the sides
of the sterna cupreous 3

3 — Color brown-black, the anterior parts more cupreous as usual;
white side margin widely separated from the humeral lunule as
in the preceding, the hind body more elongate than in repanda,

*The comments of Mr. Fall relating to this group (Ent. News, 1901, p. 307) are
enlightening, but do not extend deeply enough into the subject, else the difference in
type of sculpture — not degree of sculpture but type of sculpture — between the guttifera
and oregona sections of the group could not possibly have been overlooked by him.
These differences were seen and appreciated by LeConte but have ever since remained
persistently in oblivion.

28 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

the size materially larger, the prothorax larger and more transverse.
Length (cf 9 ) 11.5-12.5 mm.; width 4.8-5.3 mm. Canada (Aweme,
Manitoba), — Criddle bucolica n. sp.

Color paler but rather dark brown, the white sides of the elytra prolonged
anteriorly almost or quite to the humeral lunule; prothorax smaller,
only very slightly transverse and not quite as wide as the head in
either sex, not at all as in the preceding, where it is fully as wide as
the head to evidently wider. Length (c? 9 ) 10.5-12.5 mm.; width
4.0-5.2 mm. Long Island to Colorado and Manitoba. A form
represented by three examples from Southern Pines, North Carolina,
is exactly similar, except that the posterior oblique part of the middle
band is shorter; it is only a very feeble race but may be called bal-
timorensis Lee repanda Dej.

Color still paler and more brownish-bronze, the body very much smaller
but especially more slender, the markings of the elytra broader,
the side margins broadly united with the humeral lunule. Length
(cT ) 9.7 mm. ; width 3.6-3.8 mm. Texas (El Paso) .... unijuncta Csy.

4 — Frontal convexity punctured, rugulose and pubescent throughout
its extent in both sexes as in repanda; body above very obscure
blackish-cupreous, the maculation consisting of a broadly divided
humeral and apical lunule and an elbowed middle band, which is
very briefly expanded along the margin in most cases; elytral punc-
tures distinct, each attended by a polished granule, with numerous
smaller granulae interspersed; under surface blue, the pleura coppery.
Length (9) 12.0-12.5 mm.; width 5.3 mm. North Carolina and
Iowa (Keokuk) duodecimguttata Dej.

Frontal convexity wholly different from any in the preceding species,
hairless, except a small cluster of erect hairs at each side near the
eye in both sexes; middle band of the elytra never dilated at the
sides 5

5 — Elytra clearly punctured, the punctures metallic but becoming very
fine and sparse toward the suture, everywhere devoid of any trace
of elevated shining granules. Color coppery-brown, more metallic
coppery toward the sides, colored beneath as in repanda; labrum as
usual with a sharp median tooth at the middle of a short truncate
extension; vertex concave; prothorax transverse but not so wide as
the head, the sulci deep blue; elytra nearly as in oregona but nar-
rower, rather convex. Length (9) 13.0 mm.; width 5.0 mm.
Kansas sterope n. sp.

Elytra clearly punctate, each puncture with a sharply elevated polished
granule 6

Elytra not punctured, except near the sides and apex, but densely micro-
granulato-reticulate and with many small but sharply elevated
shining granules, indicating the position of punctures which have
become vestigial and diffused and never metallic, the general surface
of the elytra very opaque 8

6 — Elytral humeri more sharply angulate, nearly rectangular, the punc-
tures strong; upper surface pure green, less opaque than in any other
species of the group, the under surface entirely of a paler and more
shining green; elytra without humeral spot, the post-humeral only

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID^

sometimes traceable as a feeble vestige; apical spot vestigial; apical
margin of the labrum black in both sexes, broadly shaded with
piceous medially on the disk (9). Length (cf 9 ) 12.0-14.0 mm.;

width 4.8-5.6 mm. California (Placer Co.) depressula Csy.

A — Similar but larger, broader and still flatter, darker and more obscure
green, the prothorax larger, wider than the head; humeral and
post-humeral spots both well developed, the apical spot also
large; punctures closer; under surface wholly deep violet-blue.
Length (d71) 13.8 mm.; width 5.4 mm. California (locality

unrecorded) scapularis Csy.

Elytral humeri obtuse as usual in re panda and i2-guttata 7

7 — Under surface wholly polished green and blue; surface rather depressed,
the elytra more inflated in the female; color above blackish-brown,
never green, the maculation rather fine but variable as usual; all
the spots distinct; elytral granules small; labrum with a fine entire
black apical margin in both sexes, the female with a small quadrate
black anterior spot at the middle; prothorax rather large and trans-
verse, as wide as the head. Length (cf 9 ) 10.5-13.0 mm.; width
4.4-5.5 mm. Sierras— from middle California and adjacent parts

of Nevada to Washington State oregona Lee.

Under surface shining metallic green or greenish-blue, the sides of the
sterna coppery; form stouter, the size larger, opaque, olive green to
coppery-brown above, the elytral markings generally larger than in
the preceding; labrum wholly pale in both sexes, with only an ex-
tremely fine apical margin black and without trace of a black
medial spot in the female; polished granules of the elytra larger,
denser and more conspicuous than in any other species. Length
(cf 9 ) 11.8-13.5 mm.; width 4.8-5.4 mm. Colorado, .audax n. sp.
8 — Median band of the elytra having the usual form in the group, mode-
rately flexed posteriorly from the marked elbow on the medial line. .9
Median band very slender throughout, not broader at the transverse
part or posterior extremity as it is in all the preceding forms, ar-
cuately bent near the median line, the oblique posterior part longer

than in any other species of the group 10

9 — Elytra barely one-half longer than wide, together gradually and
broadly rounded behind in about apical third, the edge broadly
rounded externally. Color pale coppery-bronze to obscure aeneous,
sometimes obscure greenish, always brighter and more coppery
toward the sides, the pale markings rather full, all the spots well
developed; labrum with a very fine black apical margin; prothorax
moderate, the sulci brighter coppery to blue; under surface bright
green to bluish-green, the sides of the sterna cupreous. Length
(cf 9) 11.0-12.5 mm.; width 4.5-5.4 mm. New Mexico and Colo-
rado guttif era Lee.

A — Similar to the preceding in size, sculpture and outline but brownish-
black, the elytra never more than feebly coppery at the sides;
under surface wholly shining metallic green or blue, the sterna
never coppery. Length (cf 9 ) 11.0-12.8 mm.; width 4.4-5.2 mm.
California (maritime regions north of San Francisco).

sonoma n. subsp.

30 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

B — Similar to 12-guttata in form, size and sculpture but with the upper
surface wholly bright green anteriorly, the elytra dark violet,
shaded gradually paler and lustrous violet-red at the sides, the
under surface wholly blue and purplish-blue; labrum (9) with
an anterior medial black spot. Length (cf 9 ) 11.5-12.0 mm.;

width 4.8-5.0 mm. Arizona (Prescott) maricopa Leng

Elytra still shorter and of different shape, subquadrate, scarcely two-
fifths longer than wide, abruptly rounding at the sides externally
near apical fifth or sixth and thence very obliquely and obtusely
rounded through the apex; upper surface very dark and obscure
coppery-brown, the anterior parts barely at all paler or more metallic,
the labrum with a fine even black anterior edge; cluster of hairs
near each eye about two to four in number; elytra with all the spots
distinct, barely at all coppery near the external edges, the surface
very even, the polished granules standing out very conspicuously
though not large; under surface shining metallic green and blue.
Length (c?) 10.7 mm.; width 4.6 mm. Nevada (Hawthorne), —

Wickham quadripennis n. sp.

Elytra longer and more evenly oval than in any other species, elliptically
rounding behind from near the middle of the length, without trace
of any strong external apical rounding, two-thirds longer than wide,
more convex than usual, the elytral markings all distinct and full;
color above very obscure and blackish coppery-bronze, feebly
cupreous at the sides; prothorax large, almost parallel; under surface
metallic green and blue throughout. Length (9) 13.0 mm.;
width 5.5 mm. Nevada (Hawthorne), — Wickham .ovalipennis n. sp.
10 — Body larger than in any other species of the group, blackish-brown,
the elytra feebly cuprascent at the sides; labrum ( 9 ) with the apical
edge black and the median discal region throughout the length brown ;
hairs near the eyes almost obsolete, perhaps more evident in the
male; prothorax about as wide as the head, large, transverse, almost
parallel; elytra ample, gradually subinflated in the female, the four
spots on each distinct; punctuation of the elytra not quite so effaced
as in the 12-guttata section, feeble confluent indentations being
rather evident, the granules mingled with numerous smaller shining
specks; under surface metallic green to bluish. Length (9) 13-5
mm.; width 5.8 mm. California (Humboldt Co.) .... eureka Fall

Proteus Kirby is unknown to me, and I will not therefore attempt
to give it a definite place in the series. It is singular that two forms
so markedly different in appearance as quadripennis and ovalipennis
should have both been taken by the same collector and at the same
locality, but, though represented in my collection by different sexes,
they certainly can not be placed together; they are probably local
developments but remarkably unlike any other species of the group.
The coloration of the under surface seems to be an important specific
character; for example, in every one of a considerable series of

ClCINDELID.E AND CARABID^ 3!

oregona in my collection the under surface is as described above,
without trace of coppery sternal side-pieces, while in every example
of a still larger series of guttifera these side-pieces are cupreous;
there is no exception in either case. Dejean mentions the latter
form of coloration in his description of 12-guttata, which occurs only
in the Atlantic regions, and this is confirmed by my material.
Oregona has been very generally misunderstood; it is a mountain
species, confined to the Sierra regions; Colorado and Kansas
examples are specifically different and the New Mexican guttifera
is so different in its scheme of sculpture that its confusion with
oregona is unaccountable.

15 — The species of the hirticollis group resemble the preceding
closely and should perhaps be considered more properly as an
extension of it, but the humeral lunule assumes a very different
form, which serves constantly to differentiate the two groups.
The species are three in number as before enumerated:

Cicindela gravida ssp. abrupta nov. — Form nearly as in gravida but
a little narrower, darker and more blackish-brown in color, the markings
similar, except that the humeral lunule is broadly interrupted, the pos-
terior detached part with an anterior projection which is more pronounced
than in gravida, the middle band also sometimes detached from the white
marginal streak; pubescence of the front coarser, whiter and less abundant.
Length (o* 9 ) 11.5-13.0 mm.; width 4.7-5.35 mm. California (Sacra-
mento).

Differs from gravida principally in the much more acute elytral
apices, especially in the female, the sides posteriorly being more
oblique behind the dilation near basal third, which is even stronger
and more abrupt than in gravida.

19 — The dor sails group occurs exclusively on or immediately
behind sea-beaches from New England far into the tropics and
consists of numerous species, which are strikingly similar among
themselves. The following new forms seem worthy of description:

Cicindela munifica n. sp. — Form, sculpture and ornamentation as in
dorsalis but much larger, the head and prothorax notably larger, the
latter more transverse and with the sides at base more swollen; labrum
larger, relatively less abbreviated; vertex rather more deeply concave;
elytra (9 ) more strongly angulate and deplanate at the sides near basal
third; under surface similar, except that the last ventral ( 9 ) is more
broadly truncate; legs a little less slender. Length (9 ) 15.0-16.0 mm.;
width 6.4-6.6 mm. Rhode Island.

32 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

On actually comparing it with dorsalis this species seems much
more distinct than might be inferred from the description, the very
large prothorax, somewhat wider than the head and the more
strongly angulated elytra near basal third, together with the greater
convergence of the sides from the angulation to the tip, the latter
being relatively less obtuse, impart an evident difference in habitus.

Cicindela apricoidea n. sp. — A little larger and stouter than saulcyi,
obscure aeneous, the under surface aeneous with green reflections; head
large, shining, the labrum well developed, the anterior edge almost even,
with the tooth long and very acute; prothorax rather narrower than the
head, feebly alutaceous, the sides at base distinctly swollen, the white
pubescence as usual; elytra (9) only very feebly swollen at the sides
near basal third and broadly rounded, thence feebly narrowing to near
apical third, the sides then rapidly converging to the rounded and finely
serrulate apices. Length (9) 10.5-11.0 mm.; width 4.2 mm. Sea-
beaches of Louisiana and Mississippi. Four very homogeneous examples.

The examples at hand all have the elytra white, the suture nar-
rowly dark, more broadly so basally and slightly green in the intra-
humeral impression; the punctures are fine but rather close-set.
Apricoidea is larger and stouter than saulcyi and has a very much
larger head ; it is correspondingly smaller than media of the southern
Atlantic coast and relatively much more abbreviated, with less
pubescent medial parts of the pronotum, very much more swollen
sides of the thoracic base and more obtuse lateral prominence of
the sides of the elytra in the female; indeed there is scarcely any
prominence at all. This species however almost exactly resembles
castissima Bates, as figured, but the prothorax is relatively smaller
and more trapezoidal, the elytra more parallel at the sides, less
narrowed behind, the apices rounded and not quasi-truncate and,
finally and most decisively of all, the labrum has a strong and acute
medial tooth as usual; it is said to be edentate (!) in castissima,
the type of which is also a female.

Of dorsalis there is a form well known and generally found in
company with it, that has lost nearly all the dark lines of the elytra,
the latter being white, excepting the suture expanded slightly at the
middle and a feeble intra-humeral streak. This is simply an albino
form of dorsalis in all probability, as examples occur which are inter-
mediate in marking.

Semipicta Csy. is a species readily distinguishable from dorsalis
by its more elongate and subparallel form, much less abbreviated

CICINDELID.E AND CARABID.E 33

labrum, retracted sides of the thoracic base and fine lineiform dark
elytral markings, the posterior of the longitudinal lines but feebly
arcuate and not tending at all to approach the suture at its posterior
end ; the sculpture of the pronotum also is sensibly different, being
a very fine irregular vermiculiform rugulation in the type, though
this possibly may not be constant.

21 — A number of undescribed forms in the circumpicta group
have been in my cabinet for many years; those most easily identi-
fiable are as follows:

Cicindela circumpicta ssp. ambiens nov. — Similar to circumpicta
but dark indigo-blue in color, the head and prothorax paler and more
lustrous blue, the latter greenish, the under surface very deep blue and
partially black; head, labrum and antennae similar; prothorax similar
but as long as wide; elytra much shorter and relatively broader, three-
fifths longer than wide, similarly sculptured and ornamented but duller
in lustre, with the punctures smaller and rather less close-set, becoming
very fine and more obsolescent apically than in circumpicta; pubescence
of the under surface similar. Length (c?) 12.5 mm.; width 4.9 mm.
Kansas.

The much shorter hind body, coloration and dull surface will
enable one to recognize this subspecies very readily.

Cicindela circumpicta ssp. inspiciens nov. — Similar to circumpicta
but blackish, with aeneous lustre, more shining; labrum similarly very
short but with the median part, bearing the three strong teeth, more
advanced; head very shining, with coarser and less numerous plications,
which are almost obsolete toward the eyes, the vertex deeply concave,
the eyes similarly very prominent; prothorax similar but less rounded
at the sides and with the polished surface devoid of any kind of sculpture,
except between the sulci and the apical and basal margins; elytra similar
in their elongate parallel form and ornamentation, but with the surface
more shining and the punctures everywhere sparse, particularly toward
base, where they become closer in circumpicta; white pubescence at the
sides of the under surface still closer, extremely dense. Length (cf )
13.0 mm.; width 4.65 mm. Texas (Point Isabel).

Distinct in the very shining surface, blackish-aeneous color and
sparse punctures. The female seems to be much less abundant than
the male in this part of the circumpicta group; it has the elytral
apices rounded as in the togata group.

In regard to forms of the prcetextata type, Prof. Wickham some
years ago obtained a series in southwestern Utah — a zoological
region also extending for a long distance to the southward — the

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

34 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

individuals of which are very similar to those of another series,
already in my collection from western Texas, except that the median
fascia is much more oblique, unenlarged and rounded at tip. In
the Texas form this fascia is much less oblique and its tip is ex-
panded, with the apex rectilinearly truncate in a direction exactly
parallel with the suture. These I had labeled prcetextata, and they
are apparently the typical prcetextata of collections generally. In
regard to this, the following paragraph concluding the original
description of prcetextata Lee., (Proc. Ac. Phila., 1854, p. 220) is
particularly illuminating:

'Two males found on the 'San Diego trip' differ from the type
by the more brilliant coppery color of the upper surface, the more
distinct punctures of the elytra, and by the middle band of the
elytra being gradually dilated internally and truncate, while in the
type it is rounded at tip and not dilated."

For this reason it must be held obvious that the Utah examples
cited are the typical prcetextata and the following are two subspecies:

Cicindela praetextata ssp. fulgoris nov. — Similar to prcetextata but
relatively more elongate, with the coloration usually more brightly
cupreous-red, the pubescence at the sides and apices of the prothorax
more abundant, the elytra fully a fifth longer and with the middle band
much less oblique, not approaching so closely to the anterior expansion
of the apical lunule, and with its apex not unexpanded and obtuse but
more or less dilated and rectilinearly truncate in a direction perfectly
parallel with the suture; elytra (9) rather less obtuse behind and with
the individual apices less broadly rounded. Length (d71 9 ) 11.5-12.5
mm.; width 3.8-4.6 mm. Texas (El Paso and also with unrecorded
locality).

My series of the typical prcetextata consists of five individuals, all
females, having the dimensions 10.5-12.5 mm. by 4.0-4.8 mm.

Cicindela praetextata ssp. stringens nov. — Similar to fulgoris but a
little stouter and with more greenish-cupreous lustre, the maculation
similar, except that the marginal stripe near the base is deeply sinuate
within; elytra distinctly shorter, only about two-thirds to three-fourths
longer than wide; apices of the elytra (9) similar but more broadly
rounded. Length (9) 13.0 mm.; width 4.6 mm. Texas (El Paso),—
Dunn.

In fulgoris it will be noted that the basal part of the wide lateral
white margin, corresponding to the basal lunule, is virtually parallel-
sided, while here it is deeply sinuate within very near the base;
in the true prcetextata this part is also sinuate internally but less so

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID.E 35

than in stringens; although apparently a trivial character, this is
very constant throughout a good series of fulgoris and five examples
of prcetextata.

22 — The togata group is closely allied to the preceding and has a
generally similar style of ornamentation, but the head is densely
pubescent, almost as in the gratiosa group, to which it is also allied.
The following is specifically different from togata:

Cicindela globicollis n. sp. — Coloration, sculpture, vestiture and or-
namentation almost exactly as in togata, but much smaller in size and
of shorter form; labrum moderately and broadly produced medially,
with a feeble medial sinuation, from the bottom of which projects an
acute tooth, the sinus narrower and stronger and the tooth a little longer
in the female; head noticeably smaller; prothorax less cylindric and with
still much more arcuate sides, giving a subglobular appearance; elytra
(o71) with the sides gradually rounding and oblique to the acute and
spinulose tips, or ( 9 ) more broadly, obtusely rounding to the tips, which
are rounded to the only very slightly retracted but similarly spinulose
angles. Length (cf 9 ) 9.8-10.6 mm.; width 3.6-4.2 mm. Kansas
(Clark Co.), — F. H. Snow. Three examples.

Differs specifically from togata in the form of the elytral apices
of the female, the tips there being more rounded and the spine
representing the sutural angle very greatly retracted and pro-
jecting from the edge of the suture; the male apices do not differ
appreciably from those of togata. This form seems to resemble
apicalis W. Horn, and may possibly prove to be a variety of that
species, but it is much smaller in size and apparently has a more
globular prothorax; in the absence of examples of apicalis, I am
unable at present to supplement these with other indicated differ-
ences. The differences between the apicalis — globicollis section
of this group and togata are exactly parallel to those between
hamata and marginata of the marginata group; since the latter
two are maintained as distinct species, apparently with justice,
although they have identical markings, I think analogy should
determine apicalis, with its analogue or possible variety globicollis,
to be specifically different from togata.

23 — The following is a very striking and beautiful variation of
lepida:

Cicindela lepida ssp. insomnis nov. — Nearly as in lepida but with a
larger head, more prominent eyes and somewhat narrower and more

36 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

elongate, though similarly ornamented, elytra, except that the pos-
teriorly oblique part of the middle band is shorter; color differing, the
head and prothorax being of a pure and brilliant green and with the
pubescence less dense than in lepida, the hairs being largely wanting
toward the eyes and on certain median parts of the pronotum. Length
(cf ) 10.0 mm.; width 3.8 mm. Kansas (Seward Co.).

The very pale hairy legs, though of radically different type of
hairiness from that of Dromo chorus, and the pale antennae and
pallid elytral suture, are remarkable characters in the lepida group,
isolating it from every other American stem form.

25 — In the marginata group there are two well marked sections,
one composed of those species having a median basal pallid spot
on each elytron, such as blanda, hamata, marginata, cuprascens,
macra, puritana and wapleri, and the other, similar in every other
way but without trace of this median basal spot, such as sperata,
inquisitor, marutha, knausi and probably nevadica, which I do not
know in nature. It seems rather surprising that some recent authors
should have failed to appreciate the differences between cuprascens
and macra, as there is no very great mutual resemblance. Cuprascens
is one of the most beautiful species of the genus, the very bright
cupreous-red, coarsely and subconfluently punctured elytra having
the ivory-white markings common to this group, but all embossed to a
conspicuous degree. In macra the elytra are much more elongate,
more finely punctate, cupreous-brown to dull greenish in color and
with the markings embossed only toward base and very slightly
even there; I have a large series from Indiana to Kansas. The
following three forms belong to the first section of the group as
above defined :

Cicindela macra ssp. mercurialis nov. — Similar in form and orna-
mentation to macra but rather less pubescent and with the prothorax
longer and more cylindric, with very nearly straight sides, longer than
wide and blackish, with feeble aeneous lustre, the elytra obscure green,
twice as long as wide, the sides straight and parallel to apical fifth, thence
rather abruptly oblique to the acute and minutely spinose angles;
punctures as close-set as in macra but very much coarser and transversely
submuricate, not so coarse, rounded or close-set as in cuprascens; tibiae
and tarsal joints testaceous, all blackish toward their apices. Length
(cf ) 12. o mm.; width 3.5 mm. Iowa.

Differs from macra in the longer and more rectilateral prothorax
and very markedly in the type of elytral sculpture.

ClCINDELIOE AND CARABID^ 37

C'cindela cuprascens ssp. amnicola nov. — Similar to cuprascens in
general form, but still a little more abbreviated, the elytral markings
similar but narrower and less embossed, the punctures strong and
close-set but not quite so coarse; color blackish, with feeble aeneous
lustre, the elytra paler and more cupreous-brown to greenish; elytra
with the sides parallel but less rectilinear than in the preceding, in the
female abruptly, strongly and rectangularly dentate at just behind apical
fifth, the combined elytra thence arcuately narrowing to the rounded
apex, the apices not produced. Length (cT 9 ) 10.0-11.7 mm.; width
3.4-4.0 mm. Kentucky, Illinois and Missouri.

Distinct from cuprascens in its slightly more abbreviated form,
in sculpture and ornamentation.

Cicindela mundula n. sp. — Form nearly as in cuprascens and with
similar though narrower and scarcely at all embossed markings; head
and prothorax bright cupreo-seneous, with the hairs shorter and less
numerous, the elytra coppery-brown, less closely or coarsely punctate,
the subsutural line of foveae distinct ; labrum short, transverse, with a single
small acute tooth; prothorax (9) parallel, with rather arcuate sides,
nearly a fourth wider than long, the sulci rather feeble; elytra ( 9 ) as
in amnicola but slightly more elongate, the very abrupt sharp angulation
more posterior and at about apical sixth, the combined elytra thence
much more narrowed and lobiform, each apex more strongly rounded and
somewhat produced, with fine but strong serrulation. Length (9)
12. o mm.; width 4.0 mm. Mississippi (Vicksburg).

The outline of the elytral apices induces me to treat this as a rather
important taxonomic form, though with a value that it is difficult
to define accurately with our present knowledge of the group.

26 — It is quite certain that chihuahua Bates — now known in our
collections as micans Fabr. — is specifically different from punctulata;
it is larger, more elongate, more coarsely sculptured and differs
constantly and very markedly in color; but in this case boulderensis
would also have to have the specific status, as it differs from both
in the obsolescent fovese of the subsutural line and in having the
punctures very fine suturally though strong laterally; it agrees
with punctulata in color but differs in its narrower and more elongate
form.

29 — The specimens in my collection serving to represent abdomi-
nalis do not fulfill the descriptions very well, being much smaller
and very deficient in white elytral spots, there being only an apical
lunule and a small discal spot representing the anterior end of the
middle band, and this is only to be seen in two out of the five

38 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

examples; they are from Florida and Louisiana and are probably
subspecifically different from the New Jersey form. The following
is another rather remarkable subspecies:

Cicindela abdominalis ssp. faceta nov. — Similar in size and general
form to abdominalis, not black but with a strong and subalutaceous
violet lustre, wanting on the black anterior parts; hairs forming the lateral
pronotal vittae short and rather inconspicuous; elytra with rather fine
but distinct, sparse, subaeneous punctures, the green foveae large and
conspicuous; white spots on each elytron numerous, one representing
the posterior end of the humeral lunule, two the anterior and posterior
ends of the middle band, one elongate marginal near apical third, one
smaller discal on the median line at apical fifth and a complete and full
apical lunule; legs pallescent. Length (9) 9-7 mm.; width 3.4 mm.
A single example without indication of locality.

The coloration and maculation are different from any noted in
descriptions.

Cicindela extenuata n. sp. — Slender, with the usual narrow prothorax,
broad head and prominent eyes, highly polished, black throughout, the
abdomen red, the femora pallescent; labrum broadly produced, sinuato-
truncate and edentate medially at tip; prothorax longer than wide,
slightly narrowed toward base, the sulci narrow and shallow, the trans-
verse decumbent hairs composing the lateral pronotal vittae very coarse,
white, close and conspicuous; elytra gradually expanding with nearly
straight sides to apical fourth, then broadly and obtusely rounding through
the combined apex, the serrulation excessively minute; surface with
relatively coarse, close-set punctures, becoming rather sparse suturally,
the foveae large and deep but not at all metallic, the sole maculation
consisting of a full apical lunule, an elongate marginal spot at apical
third and a minute embossed discal spot representing the posterior end
of the middle band ; white pubescence along the sides of the under surface
dense and very conspicuous. Length (cf 9 ) 7-5-8-5 mm.; width 2.5-3.0
mm. Florida (Crescent City), — Schwarz.

Allied without doubt to scabrosa Schaupp, but very much smaller,
the length of that species being given by both Schaupp and Leng
as 10.5 mm. The vittse of transversely placed white hairs at the
sides of the pronotum are so conspicuous that they would undoubt-
edly have been alluded to by Schaupp if so distinct in scabrosa; these
hairs are short, finer, very sparse and inconspicuous in my southern
examples of abdominalis, and, if the deep foveae of the subsutural
line were deep black and without trace of the metallic color seen
in abdominalis, I think this also would have been observed.

30 — Under the name politula Lee., I have had two forms, which

CICINDELID.E AND CARABID/E 39

differ very much in general outline of the body, as well as in the form
and extent of the apical white marking. The true politula has the
elytra nearly or quite twice as long as wide in the female, parallel,
with the sides feebly arcuate to the apical rounding beginning at
about apical fifth, and the only white maculation is a slender mar-
ginal dash occupying the median part of the apical arcuation on
each elytron and widely separated from the sutural angles.

Cicindela politula ssp. cribrum nov. — Color, sculpture and shining
elytra as in politula, the head and prothorax with less metallic blue at
the sides and in the sulci; head a little smaller, the lines forming the inner
margins of the eyes more convergent; labrum similar, the apex truncate
medially, with a single very minute blackish denticle; elytra glossy,
deep black, the lateral margin very finely bluish, one-half longer than
wide, the sides very feebly arcuate, rather strongly diverging from the
base to about apical fourth, there gradually and broadly rounding
semicircularly about the apex, the sutural angles minutely spiniform,
the serrulation extremely minute; surface with evenly distributed strong
punctures, finer apically ; white maculation consisting of a full long apical
lunule, from the angles to apical fifth but not much swollen at its ex-
tremities. Length (9) H-8 mm.; width 4.2 mm. Texas.

A very distinctly marked form allied to politula and probably
of higher value than the subspecies.

31 — The rufiventris group comprises three distinct sections or
subgroups, represented first by rufiventris and cumatilis, secondly by
hentzi and i6-punctata and thirdly by hcemorrhagica and arizontz.
I have in my collection an undescribed form in each of these sub-
groups as follows:

Cicindela rufiventris ssp. collusor nov. — Form shorter than in rufi-
ventris, the coloration similar, except that the elytra are a little more
shining, subcupreous, and, toward the lateral edges, are more convexly
declivous, with a broader purple stripe along the beading; labrum with
the median produced lobe much broader, the single tooth longer, spinuli-
form; head and prothorax similar but less opaque; elytra similar in form
but a little shorter and relatively broader, differing greatly in sculpture,
the punctures being much coarser and very close-set, the pale markings
on each consisting of a small point representing the posterior end of the
humeral lunule, an elongate spot near the edge at posterior third, a very
small discal point on the median line near apical fifth and a well developed
apical lunule which is inflated near the suture. Length (9) H-5 mm.;
width 4.5 mm. A single example without indication of locality from the
Levette collection.

This form also is probably of greater value than the subspecies,
but is placed in that category for the present.

40 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Cicindela sedecimpunctata ssp. sonorana nov. — Similar to i6-punctata
but paler and more cupreous-brown, sometimes with a darker cloud on
each elytron which never extends to base, apex or sides but within which
the metallic punctures are much reduced or obsolescent, the maculation
differing in having the two obliquely placed medial spots connected by a
fine oblique line and the apical lunule entire. Length (c? 9 ) 8.2-11.8
mm.; width 2.6-4.0 mm. Arizona, New Mexico and southward to
Durango. Very abundant.

This is probably a mere subspecies of i6-pttnctata, but the binding
of the two pairs of spots — medial and apical — is constant here;
they are isolated in that species and the color is bluish-black. The
female, as in the h&morrhagica section, is much larger than the male;
in the present form the female is much less abundant than the male,
which is not the case in hcemorrhagica or allied species, where the
female seems to be somewhat more abundant than the male.

Cicindela woodgatei n. sp. — Form, coloration and sculpture nearly as
in hccmorrhagica, but very much smaller, with relatively larger head and
prothorax and shorter elytra; labrum short, transverse, the single tooth
minute, the median parts less advanced and the tooth less evident than
in that species; head and prothorax similar in general form, color and
relationship, but with the transverse sulci more sharply impressed; elytra
similar in maculation, except that the inner oblique part of the median
band is very much less extended posteriorly. Length (cf ) 9.0-10.8,
(9) 11.0-12.0 mm.; width (c?) -3.2-3.7, (9) 3.9-4.6 mm. New Mexico
(Jemez Springs), — John Woodgate. Abundant.

This would seem at first to be a small variety of hoemorrhagica,
but there is so much difference in the proportional extent of the
anterior parts and hind body and in the form of the middle band,
that I can see no other just disposition of it than as a distinct species;
the longitudinal extent of the middle band is only about half that
of h&morrhagica.

If there were any definite meaning to be attached to the term
"aberration," it would apparently apply better to the form described
under the name pacifica by Schaupp, than any other that can be
recalled at present, that variety being simply hcemorrhagica in which
the white maculation of the elytra has failed to develop; but the
positions normally occupied by these markings are plainly evident
by reason of differences in the sculpture, and they are the same
and are of the same extent as in the normally marked individuals.

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID/E 4!

CARABID^.

Omophron Latr.

The species of this genus are evidently more abundant and di-
versified in North America than in the palaearctic fauna and new
forms are continually being brought to light; the following is allied
to americanum but is obviously different:

Omophron fontinale n. sp. — Coloration throughout almost exactly as
in americanum; body more broadly oval and less elongate; head nearly
similar; prothorax a little shorter and more transverse, the sides more
converging from base to apex and more arcuate, the punctures similarly
aggregated toward apex and base but smaller and less close; elytra with
the striae fine but strong, the punctures fine, moderately close-set,
becoming widely separated in the lateral striae; intervals nearly flat,
becoming moderately convex toward the sides; basal joint of the hind
tarsi much longer than the next two combined. Length 5.5-5.7 mm.;
width 3.4-3.6 mm. New Mexico (Jemez Springs), — Woodgate.

The shorter, more oval outline of the body and the very much
finer elytral striae and punctures, with flatter intervals, cause this
species to present a very different facies from americanum, in spite
of the general similarity in coloration.

Omophron iridescens n. sp. — Similar in coloration to americanum but
rather narrower, more oval and with a slightly smaller head, on which the
pale chevron is broader and with the converging sides straight and not
arcuate, as they are in that species, the punctures smaller and sparser;
prothorax similar but with the punctures toward apex and base less
coarse and not so numerous; elytra with similarly deeply impressed but
more approximate and relatively still more coarsely punctate striae;
tarsi very slender, the basal joint of the posterior in the male unusually
short, not longer than the next two combined. Length (cf) 5.4 mm.;
width 3.0 mm. Mississippi (Vicksburg).

The black areas have more of a greenish metallic lustre than in
americanum and the deep elytral striae are still more approximate;
by anteriorly oblique light the elytral surface becomes slightly
iridescent. In americanum the basal joint of the hind tarsi is very
much longer than the next two combined.

Omophron frater n. sp. — Oblong-oval in form, convex, shining, pale
yellowish, the dark spots slightly exceeding the pale in area on the elytra
and metallic green; head finely, sparsely punctate, with a narrow pale
chevron behind the clypeus; prothorax rather more than twice as wide
as long, finely, not densely punctate, largely impunctate transversely
along the middle, the sides subparallel in basal, converging in apical,

42 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

half, but rounded medially, the median groove strong; color metallic
green, the side margins, extending inward broadly at apex and narrowly
at base to about lateral fourth, pale; elytra about as long as wide, but
little wider than the prothorax, obtusely rounded behind, the striae
fine and moderately impressed, the punctures rather small and close-set;
maculation rather solid, the basal fascia very narrow near the middle,
trilobate externally, the second composed of two large spots, one adjoining
the suture, the other lateral, the third of the usual biserrate form; suture
broadly dark throughout, except at tip, the portion behind the third
fascia broad but only feebly enlarged apically. Length 5.7 mm.; width
3.3 mm. California (locality not recorded).

Resembles gemma, differing in the less evenly arcuate but more
apically narrowed prothorax, less rounded sides of the elytra,
broader outline and relatively somewhat shorter basal joint of the
hind tarsi; the punctuation and striation are almost similar but
more close-set in f rater.

In the obliteratum group the coloring is identical or very nearly
so throughout, and the first joint of the hind tarsi much longer than
the next two. The following forms seem to be worthy of adoption
but would appear to be rather subspecifically connected than of
full specific value:

Rather broadly oval, the dark colors predominating and without or with

but little metallic lustre; head with a parabolic pale chevron behind

the epistoma, the punctures sparse; prothorax but little more than

twice as wide as long, moderately narrowed and with feebly arcuate

sides from base to apex, rather strongly, sparsely and irregularly

punctate throughout, dark throughout except narrowly along the

sides and in a transverse antero-lateral area; elytra rounding at

the sides basally, the striae moderate, impressed, rather strongly and

not very closely punctate, the intervals moderately convex, the

three transverse dark areas broadly uniting with a large medial

area before the middle, the zigzag third fascia more solid than usual,

the sutural stripe rhomboidally expanded near the apex. Length

(9 ) 6.8 mm.; width 3.9 mm. Arizona (Yuma)... .obliteratum Horn

A — Similar, except that the punctures of the head are stronger and

more numerous, the elytra a little broader, with the punctures

coarser and the interspaces more convex, especially in the male,

the sutural posterior extension of the dark area not rhomboidally

expanded near the apex but broad and oval and with arcuate sides.

Length (9) 6.6 mm.; width 4.2 mm. Sonora . . . . *sonorae Csy.

B — Nearly similar but less broadly oval, with the pallid areas whiter

and contrasting more sharply with the dark areas, which are a

little less extended; head a little smaller but otherwise as in

obliteratum; prothorax similar; elytra slightly more elongate, the

sides from the humeral rounding to about apical third straighter,

ClCINDELID.E AND CARABID/E 43

the striae much finer, feeble, with rather strong but very widely
spaced punctures throughout, the intervals only feebly convex;
sutural stripe behind the third fascia narrower, more abruptly
though very moderately, rhomboidally expanded at apex. Length
(9) 6.5 mm.; width 3.7 mm. Utah (Leeds and St. George), —

Wickham utense n. subsp.

C — Stouter and larger, nearly as in obliteratum but broader, the head
more strongly, closely and irregularly punctate; prothorax more
elongate, scarcely twice as wide as long, nearly similar in outline
and punctuation but relatively much smaller, the elytra more
inflated and rounded basally, the sides thence feebly converging
and straight to near apical third, with the elytral flanks above them
somewhat concave; striae and punctures strong, much closer in
the deep lateral series and visible nearly to the apices; sutural
dark stripe behind the third fascia parallel and straight at the
sides to the tip, fading out apically but not at all expanded. Length
( 9 ) 7.0 mm. ; width 4.7 mm. New Mexico.

subimpressum n. subsp.

If the impressions of the elytral flanks should prove to be a con-
stant character, this feature, together with size, the more abruptly
narrowed prothorax and coarse close lateral striae and punctures of
the elytra, would undoubtedly prove subimpressum to be a very
distinct species, but it is difficult to decide with but a single speci-
men at hand. I also think that utense is in reality rather a species
than a subspecies, but am less convinced in regard to sonorce, the
status of which is probably truly varietal. My identification of
obliteratum is wholly through published descriptions.

In the same way the forms clustering about gilce, Lee., may be
defined as follows :

Broadly oval, pallid in color, the dark areas much reduced; dark area at
the base of the head with a bilobate median projection; prothorax
short, more than twice as wide as long, the sides strongly converging
from base to apex and feebly arcuate; surface coarsely, sparsely
punctured throughout its extent, having a median dark and greenish-
metallic transverse spot, continued laterally by a brownish area and
connected with the base at its ends; elytra moderately rounding at
the sides to the base of the prothorax, having a dark scutellar spot
narrowly extending along the base and prolonged backward laterally
in three short lines, the second fascia consisting of two spots, one
triangular, with the apex on the suture and one more quadrate and
lateral, the third fascia consisting of two external spots and one
subsutural, arcuately connected; suture narrowly dark throughout,
with a small rhomboidal apical dilatation; striae rather fine internally,
very deep and close laterally, the punctures strong, very close-set
in the lateral grooves; dark areas brown or feebly metallic-green;

44 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

tarsi as in the preceding group. Length 5.7-6.8 mm.; width 3.5-

4.2 mm. Arizona (Gila River Valley) gilae Lee.

A — Similar to the preceding but more narrowly oval, the dark areas
still more restricted and paler brown, without metallic lustre
or only feebly and partially greenish-metallic, the prothorax
with the sides evidently less converging from base to apex, the
elytra less abbreviated, being very nearly as long as wide, the
striae very fine and feeble, with moderate and widely spaced
punctures and flat intervals internally, the striae a little coarser,
more approximate, rather coarsely and closely punctate and with
feebly convex intervals laterally. Length 5.7-6.5 mm.; width

3.5-3.8 mm. Utah pallidum Csy.

B — Similar to gilce in its short and very broad form but less convex, the
dark areas of similar extent and disposition but bright metallic
green throughout, the prothorax as in gilce but shorter and more
transverse, two and one-half times as wide as long, much more
sparsely, less coarsely and more unequally punctate, the green
median bar extended laterally in only a very feeble brown tint,
the median line similarly dusky; elytra much shorter than wide,
more broadly obtuse at apex, the striae internally very fine and
feebly impressed, with rather small and widely separated punc-
tures and flat intervals, or, externally, closer, coarser and deeper,
more coarsely and less distantly punctate and with convex
intervals, these characters however less noticeable than in gilce;
rhomboidal subapical spot on the suture obsolescent. Length
6.2 mm.; width 3.9 mm. Arizona (locality not recorded).

pimalis n. subsp.

Lacustre and texanum are rather closely related, but the latter is
more inflated, more deeply striate, with more convex intervals and
more converging sides of the prothorax; they belong to the amer-
icanum group, but are very much broader in outline than that
species.

A list of all our species, embodying the above conclusions, would
be as follows:

labiatum Fabr. dentatum Lee.

nitidum Lee. solidum Csy.

americanum Dej. frater Csy.

iridescens Csy. gemma Csy.

lacustre Csy. obliteratum Horn.

texanum Csy. ssp. sonorae Csy.

fontinale Csy. ssp. utense Csy.

ovale Horn. ssp. subimpressum Csy.

concinnum Csy. gilae Lee.

tessellatum Say. ssp. pallidum Csy.

ssp. ellipticum Csy. ssp. pimale Csy.

grossum Csy. robustum Horn.

brevipenne Csy.

ClCINDELID^; AND CARABID/E 45

Brevipenne must be very closely allied to robustum, the form and
sculpture being almost exactly the same, but the black suture,
expanded before the apex into an unusually large transversely
rhomboidal area, is a character wholly at variance with robustum,
as described by Horn, and this, in conjunction with the widely
separated habitats — Nova Scotia and Ohio — leads me to believe
that we have to deal with two distinct though allied species.

Leistus Froh.
The following belongs near ferruginosus Mann :

Leistus nigropiceus n. sp. — Form rather slender, moderately convex,
polished, piceous-black to castaneous in color, the legs concolorous, the
antennae very slender, testaceous, with the basal joint a little darker;
head smooth, four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the sides very rapidly
oblique behind the eyes; prothorax three-fifths wider than long, strongly
rounded and dilated at the sides, strongly narrowed basally, the sides
deeply sinuate for a short distance before the right and very sharp angles;
impressions rather deep and punctured, the median stria feeble; sides
abruptly but not broadly reflexed; elytra two-thirds longer than wide,
two-fifths wider than the prothorax, rather distinctly broadening pos-
teriorly, the sides broadly arcuate; humeri broadly rounded; striae fine,
distinctly but finely punctate, impressed, the intervals feebly convex, the
third with three distinct foveae near the third stria; legs rather long,
slender. Length 7.4-8.0 mm.; width 2.65-2.8 mm. British Columbia
(Metlakatla), — Keen.

This is probably the form appearing in our lists under the name
piceus Froh., but on reading the description of analis Dej., which
is said to be synonymous, it appears clear that nigropiceus has the
anterior thoracic impression much deeper, since it is as deep as the
basal, and the median line feebler. It is more slender and with
more cuneate elytra and larger head than ferruginostis and appears
to be very abundant.

Pelophila Dej.

The species of this genus are northern subarctic in range and,
though probably rather numerous in Alaska and various parts of
the Hudson Bay regions, are so far as described very few in number.
The following species was sent to me under the name ulkei, but is
evidently different :

Pelophila shermani n. sp. — Moderately stout, convex, shining, aene-
ous-black, the legs and antennae black throughout; head four-fifths as
wide as the prothorax, smooth, moderately biimpressed, the impressions

46 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

feebly rugose; antennae (cf1) stout, about half as long as the body, or
( 9 ) shorter, two-fifths as long as the body; prothorax nearly three-fifths
wider than long, the sides strongly rounded anteriorly, converging and
becoming strongly sinuate basally, the angles sharp, generally less than
right and somewhat everted, the sides narrowly but distinctly reflexed,
strongly so basally, the anterior impression feeble and sparsely punctate,
the basal deep and a little less sparsely punctate, the impressions near
the angles very deep and conspicuous; median line strongly impressed;
elytra two-thirds (c?) to three-fourths (9) longer than wide, the base
much wider than any part of the prothorax, widest near apical third
(c?1), or nearly parallel (9), the sides broadly arcuate; humeri distinct
though rounded; striae broadly impressed, very obsoletely and irregularly
punctate, the intervals strongly convex, generally somewhat alutaceous;
legs uniform in color throughout, brownish-black. Length 9.0-10.4 mm. ;
width 3.6-3.9 mm. Labrador (West St. Modest), — John Sherman.

The large foveae of the elytra exhibit the most astonishing diversity
among the three males and two females sent to me by Mr. Sherman
and one female— the type — has the outer half of each elytron
reddish-brown; in all the examples the lateral margin is greenish
in lustre. In the type example the third interval has about four
foveae on each elytron, the fifth two on the right elytron but none on
the left. In the second female the third interval has three foveae
on the right, five on the left, the other intervals not foveate. In
the first male each elytron has only three or four foveae on the third
interval; in the second, the third interval of each elytron has about
three foveae, the right without other foveae but the left with a single
large fovea on the fifth interval and slightly before the middle. In
the third male, the third interval of each elytron has four or five
foveae, the fifth interval of the right two, of the left four. The foveae
are so large as to interrupt the intervals in all except the second
female, where they are not on the interval but rather in the sulcus
between the third and fourth intervals, partially extending across
but not interrupting the third. In all other respects these speci-
mens, which came to me under the names ulkei and rudis, are so
perfectly similar that it appears impossible that there should be
more than one species. It is a rather remarkable case of instability
but affects the elytra only.

Notiophilus Dumeril.

The two following species have been in my collection for many
years and, so far as it is possible to discover, have not been described
hitherto.

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID/E 47

*Notiophilus chihuahuas n. sp. — Parallel, rather depressed, shining,
black, the upper surface with but very feeble metallic lustre; head sub-
equal in width to the elytra, with very coarse subocular grooves and
coarse median plicae, the latter some six in number; labrum deep black,
opaque, finely medially striate, narrowed at apex, less than one-half
wider than long, the apex truncate and only about half as wide as the
base; prothorax of the usual form, sinuately narrowed toward base,
coarsely, closely punctured laterally and toward apex and base, the basal
impressions distinct; elytra with seven impressed discal striae which are
strongly and closely punctured, the striae distinct though only obsoletely
punctate apically, the inner and outer striae more widely separated, the
sutural and marginal distinct and closely punctate, Length 5.4-5.6
mm.; width 1.8 mm. Mexico (Sierra Madre Mts., Chihuahua), — C. H.
T. Townsend. Two examples.

Resembles senristriatus but differs in the peculiar opaque and
anteriorly narrowed labrum and larger size. It is one of the larger
species of the genus.

Notiophilus evanescens n. sp. — Small, elongate-oval, rather convex,
strongly shining, black throughout, the upper surface with strong bronzy
lustre; head decidedly narrower than the elytra, the subocular grooves
deep and more acutely impressed than in the preceding, the plicae six in
number, the labrum very short and transverse, shining and bronzy; pro-
thorax only moderately narrowed and with almost straight sides toward
base, the peripheral punctures of the upper surface close-set but notably
fine, the basal impressions narrow and rather feeble; elytra more oval
than usual, convex, the seven discal striae subequally and rather widely
spaced, fine, feeble and finely, remotely punctate even basally, becoming
vestigial and scarcely at all punctate behind about the middle, the
sutural and marginal striae subsimilar to the others. Length 4.2-4.6
mm.; width 1.5 mm. Colorado (Boulder Co.). Six examples.

Somewhat related to <zneus but differing in the much shorter
labrum, much less sinuate oblique sides of the prothorax, with
denser pronotal punctures, and in its much smaller size.

Nebria Latr.

In this genus, which is much more extended in its range, it is
probable that hardly more than a third of our species have been
described — as a conservative estimate. They are assignable to
seven well defined groups, of which the typical species are ingens,
gregaria, diversa, metallica, obliqua, virescens and pallipes. These
groups are not exactly equivalent to those suggested by LeConte,
for in my opinion diversa should be a group by itself and is not
associable with ingens and ovipennis; it has very short oval elytra,

48 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

not one-half longer than wide, but the humeri, which are wholly
obliterated in in gens, are rounded though as distinct as in many
other species, such as gregaria or even eschscholtzi; it is a remark-
ably isolated species and without any close ally. Again LeConte
puts mannerheimi and eschscholtzi in a group by themselves and
places gregaria, obliqua and metallica in a single group, which he
holds to be different from the eschscholtzi group. In this I cannot
possibly agree; the habitus is very different in the three species
mentioned and they should go in different groups. I have assumed
gregaria to be similar in its features to trifaria, having the same very
long and subdepressed, posteriorly broadening elytra, with very
feeble humeri; both of these species are wanting in my collection,
although there are some that are closely allied, such as mobilis,
catenata and cuneata. The new forms in my collection may be
assigned to the following groups:

Group ingens Horn.

This is a small group, composed of two species besides ingens, one
ovipennis Lee., of which I have a very good example from Placer
Co., taken by Koebele and the other as follows:

Nebria columbiana n. sp. — Moderately slender, unusually convex,
shining, black, the abdomen rufescent apically; legs black, the tarsi
piceous; first four antennal joints black, the remainder testaceous; head
smooth, with two small and feeble impressions which are obsoletely
rugulose; antennae slender, three-fourths as long as the body; prothorax
much wider than the head, two-fifths wider than long, strongly rounded
at the sides anteriorly, the sides strongly converging and sinuate pos-
teriorly, becoming parallel and straight for a long distance before the
angles, which are very acute and somewhat posteriorly produced, the
base truncate between them, less than three-fifths the maximum width;
sides moderately reflexed; impressions distinct, almost impunctate, those
near the angles deep and with a few punctures; elytra oval, nearly twice
as long as wide, one-half wider than the prothorax, widest slightly behind
the middle, the sides broadly, evenly arcuate and gradually converging
to the base, without trace of humeri, more obtusely rounded behind;
surface very convex and shining, brilliant violaceo-cupreous in color,
the striae deeply impressed, impunctate and with strongly convex inter-
vals, having three foveae on the third, none on the fifth and three on the
seventh, all interrupting the intervals; legs and tarsi long and slender,
the stiff hairs beneath the latter conspicuous. Length (cT) 10.0 mm.;
width 3.9 mm. British Columbia (Inverness), — Keen.

One of the most brilliant and isolated species of the genus; besides

ClCINDELID^; AND CARABID^ 49

coloration and the smaller size, it differs from ovipennis in its more
basally narrowed prothorax, shorter, more convex and more deeply
striate elytra and longer antennae.

Group gregaria Fisch.

The outline in this group is peculiar and very different from any
other in the very elongate, more or less depressed elytra, the sides
of which gradually converge with very feeble arcuation from near
apical third or fourth to the humeri, which round broadly to the
base; so far as identifiable by the writer, the group will comprise,
besides gregaria, trifaria and purpurata of LeConte, the following
three species:

Nebria catenata n. sp. — Black, with more or less piceous tinge, the
elytra sometimes blackish-brown, probably from immaturity; legs and
under surface black when mature, the antennae piceo-testaceous, the
four basal joints black; upper surface shining, rather depressed and
without trace of metallic coloration at any part; head smooth, much
narrower than the prothorax, the two anterior impressions broad and
feeble, the usual two rufous spots evident; antennae slender, three-fifths
as long as the body; prothorax fully one-half wider than long, the sides
rather strongly rounded anteriorly, thence strongly converging and
broadly sinuate to the basal angles, which are right and sharp, the sides
feebly punctulate, broadly but very feebly reflexed, except the marginal
bead which is elevated as usual, the transverse impressions moderate,
finely, sparsely punctate, the lateral basal impressions, at some distance
from the angles, elongate and deep; base three-fourths the maximum
width, transverse to the broad truncate and feeble lateral posterior
projections; median line well impressed; elytra (cf ) twice as long as wide
and a third wider than the prothorax, or ( 9 ) a little shorter and relatively
broader, widest at posterior fourth, the striae rather fine, moderately
impressed and evidently punctured, the intervals broadly, feebly convex,
the third, fifth and seventh each with about four or five foveae, which
completely interrupt the intervals and, by the rounding in of the striae
at these points, produce a catenated appearance; legs long and slender.
Length 12.5-13.5 mm.; width 4. 7-5. 2 mm. Colorado — Levette collection.

Evidently allied to trifaria Lee., but in that species the head is
said to be scarcely narrower than the prothorax, the side margins
of the latter strongly reflexed and the elytral striae impunctate.
The series at hand numbers seven examples, which exhibit but little
variability, except as to the number of interstitial foveae; in one
example there is only one fovea on the fifth interval, though the
others have their normal number.
T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

50 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Nebria mobilis n. sp. — Much more slender than the preceding, de-
pressed, shining, piceous-black, the elytra brilliant and polished metallic
green, which changes to violet under very oblique illumination; under
surface and legs blackish-piceous; antennae slender, two-thirds as long
as the body, unicolorous throughout and dark testaceous; head smooth,
nearly as in the preceding but with rather more evident anterior im-
pressions, much narrower than the prothorax, the latter about two-fifths
wider than long, the sides broadly and rather feebly rounded, strongly
converging posteriorly and becoming straight and parallel for some dis-
tance before the angles, which are right and sharp; sides rather broadly
and strongly impressed, the transverse impressions broad and feeble, barely
at all punctured, the lateral basal nearly as in catenata, the median line
well impressed; elytra elongate-oval, only a little wider near apical third,
the sides broadly rounding, feebly converging thence to the broadly
rounded and feeble humeri, about a third wider than the prothorax;
striae fine, feebly impressed, finely but evidently punctured, the intervals
broadly and very moderately convex, the third and seventh interrupted
by three or four moderate fovese, the fifth apparently never foveate;
legs long and slender. Length 11.5-13.3 mm.; width 4.4-4.6 mm.
Colorado — Levette collection. Three examples.

More slender, depressed and more feebly sculptured than the
preceding and with different coloration. It agrees very well with
the description of gregaria, given by Horn and based upon an
Alaskan individual, except that the strise are punctured and not
devoid of punctures as stated of gregaria, and with the seventh
interval foveate as well as the third — the only one described as being
foveate in gregaria. From purpurata Lee., it differs in its polished
elytra, which are said to be without metallic gloss in that species,
in having the head distinctly narrower than the prothorax, though
less markedly so than in catenata, in its shallow and not deep pro-
notal impressions and in having only the third and seventh, and not
the third, fifth and seventh, intervals interrupted by foveae.

Nebria cuneata n. sp. — Black or slightly piceous, the legs and antennae
rufo-piceous throughout, the elytra feebly rufescent apically, slender,
rather depressed, strongly shining; head smooth, much narrower than
the prothorax, the anterior impressions feeble; prothorax two-fifths (cf)
to one-half ( 9 ) wider than long, the sides rounded anteriorly, converging
and sinuate posteriorly, becoming parallel before the angles, which are
right or slightly everted and sharp; surface rather broadly concave and
feebly punctulate at the sides to the elevated bead, the anterior im-
pre3sion almost obsolete, the posterior broad but rather deep, punctulate,
the lateral impressions rather deep and adjacent to the angles; median
line well impressed; elytra fully twice as long as wide, oval, widest at
about three-fifths, the sides broadly arcuate and moderately converging
to the broadly rounded and feeble humeri; striae fine but rather deeply

ClCINDELID^ AND CARABID/E 51

impressed, impunctate, the intervals distinctly convex, without large
interrupting foveae, the third with four small setigerous punctures, which
are at the outer side and adjacent to but not on the stria; legs slender,
moderately long. Length 10.5-10.8 mm.; width 3.9-4.2 mm. Alaska,
— Ulke. Four examples.

For many years this species figured in my collection under the
name gregaria, but on comparing it with the description given by
Horn (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., 1870, p. 100) I am unable to convince
myself that it is in any way very closely allied. The size is rather
smaller than the 11.5 mm. given as the length of gregaria and there
is no trace whatever of any metallic lustre, the elytra of the latter
being said to have a distinctly bluish-green tinge. It will be noted
that although so similar in general habitus to trifaria, purpurata,
catenata and mobilis, this species and gregaria differ radically in
having minute setigerous punctures adjacent to the third stria,
and not large foveae interrupting the intervals as in those species.
Bifaria Mann., I have not seen and so can venture no opinion as to
its relationships.

Group metallica Fisch.

In this group I would place besides metallica, mannerheimi and
sahlbergi Fisch., gebleri of Dejean, of which there is an example at
hand taken in British Columbia by Prof. Kemp, eschscholtzi Men.,
which I took in great abundance in California, and probably rathvoni
Lee., which is unknown to me, the three species described below.
With the exception of sahlbergi and related forms, such as moesta Lee.
and parvula, which have a very wide range in North America, this
group is confined to the Pacific coast regions. The sides of the
prothorax vary from strongly sinuate posteriorly to but little more
sinuate than in the obliqua group, as for example in oregona, which
is only placed here and not in the obliqua group because of its
broad form and habitat, harmonizing better with mannerheimi and
metallica than with obliqua in these as well as some other respects.

Nebria tenuipes n. sp. — Moderately stout and convex, cuneiform,
shining, rufo-piceous, the elytra and under surface nearly black, the
entire antennae and legs pale testaceous; head smooth, much narrower
than the prothorax, the anterior impressions moderate, on a line with the
anterior margin of the eyes and separated by a third of the interocular
distance; antennae slender, filiform as usual and two-thirds as long as
the body; prothorax slightly less than one-half wider than long, the sides

52 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

strongly rounded, strongly converging from about the middle and gradu-
ally strongly sinuate to the right and very sharp, subeverted and promi-
nent angles; margins very narrowly reflexed; transverse impressions feebly
punctate, the anterior feeble, the posterior rather strong, the lateral
impressions moderately deep and very near the angles; median line finely
striiform; elytra oval, rather long, three-fourths longer than wide, widest
at three-fifths, the sides broadly arcuate, the humeri broadly rounded;
striae rather fine but impressed, finely punctured, the intervals feebly
convex, nearly flat laterally, where the striae are feeble and unimpressed;
third stria with three to four strong setigerous punctures at the inner
side; legs long and very slender. Length 10.5-11.4 mm.; width 4.3-4.4
mm. California (Alameda and Humboldt Co.) and Oregon (Clackamas
Co.).

Allied to eschscholtzi but much more elongate, with longer, more
cuneiform and less oblong-oval elytra, less transverse prothorax
and paler coloration, not black throughout the body as in that
species.

Nebria oregona n. sp. — Stout, moderately convex, shining, deep black
throughout the body, the legs piceous-black, the tarsi barely paler;
antennae moderately pale, testaceous, the basal joint alone blackish;
head smooth, with obsolete impressions, about three-fourths as wide as
the prothorax; antennae filiform, two-thirds (cf) to three-fifths ( 9 ) as
long as the body; prothorax a third (c?) to one-half ( 9 ) wider than long,
the sides moderately rounded, becoming oblique in about basal half and
straight to the slightly obtuse but very sharp basal angles; surface very
narrowly but deeply concave and reflexed at the sides; impressions nearly
as in the preceding but still less punctured and, on the disk just behind
the middle of the length and slightly nearer the sides than the median line,
there is a small rounded impression; elytra broad, much wider than the
prothorax, a little wider behind the middle than at base, scarcely more
than one-half longer than wide, the sides very evenly and moderately
arcuate from the rather broadly rounded but very distinct humeri to
the posterior rounding; striae rather strongly impressed, very feeble
laterally, finely punctured, the intervals, except laterally, distinctly
convex, the third with three or four setigerous foveae; legs slender, rather
long. Length 10.3-11.5 mm.; width 4.^-4.8 mm. Oregon (Clackamas
Co.).

This species seems not to be allied closely to any other but may
be placed in the mannerheimi section of the group.

Nebria arkansana n. sp. — Much narrower than the two preceding,
more nearly as in sahlbergi but smaller and with less developed head and
prothorax, shining, black, the under surface frequently rufescent, the
legs piceo-rufous, the entire antennae testaceous; head small, unimpressed,
the antennae slender, three-fourths as long as the body; prothorax one-
half wider than long to a little less, formed as in sahlbergi, the sides
strongly converging and sinuate posteriorly to the right and very sharp

ClCINDELID.-E AND CARABID/E 53

angles; surface moderately concave and reflexed laterally, the impressions
nearly as in sahlbergi; elytra oblong-oval, much wider than the prothorax,
just visibly widest at three-fifths, the sides broadly arcuate to the very
distinct though rounded humeri; striae feebly impressed, finely, feebly
punctate, the intervals feebly convex to nearly flat, the third stria with
two to four punctures; legs rather slender but not very long. L,ength
8.0-9.4 mm. ; width 3.1-3.3 mm. Indiana and Arkansas. Five examples.

Differs from sahlbergi in its small size, relatively much smaller
head and prothorax, the latter less inflated anteriorly, longer
antennae and some other evident features. The small impression
at each side of the middle of the pronotum, mentioned under oregona,
must be a general character to a great extent, as it is visible also in
this species and sahlbergi, of which I have a large series from
Labrador and New Hampshire.

Group obliqua Lee.

The species of this group are rather numerous, inhabiting the
more eastern and temperate parts of the continent and are particu-
larly abundant in Colorado and neighboring parts of the lower Rocky
Mountain system ; they are narrower and more elongate than those
of the metallica group and always have the sides of the prothorax
oblique and nearly straight posteriorly to the obtuse though nearly
always sharply denned basal angles. I regard provisionally a
specimen collected by Mr. Schwarz at Garland, Col., as representing
obliqua, although there are three or four punctures on the third stria;
as it agrees with the description in all other particulars, this plurality
of foveae would seem to be inconclusive, in view of the general
variability in this respect. Of obtusa Lee., I have a single example
taken by Wickham at Provo, Utah. The following three seem to
be as yet undescribed :

Nebria incerta n. sp. — Form nearly as in obliqua and similarly deep
shining black, with piceous legs, but with the hind body relatively shorter
and broader; surface without trace of metallic coloration; head smooth,
polished and convex, unimpressed; antennae slender, testaceous through-
out; prothorax fully three-fifths wider than long, formed as in obliqua but
with the anterior transverse impression very feeble; elytra oblong,
parallel, two-fifths wider than the prothorax and one-half to three-fifths
longer than wide, the sides moderately arcuate, the basal bead meeting
the marginal in a very obtuse but evident angle; striae not very fine
but only very feebly impressed, the third with three to five small setig-
erous foveae, the intervals almost flat; femora blackish, the tibiae and

54 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

tarsi paler, castaneous. Length 10.0-11.0 mm., width 3.9-4.0 mm.
Colorado. Levette collection. One example is marked "Indiana" but
this is probably a mistake.

Allied rather closely to obliqua but having more numerous strial
foveae and a feebler anterior transverse thoracic impression.

Nebria testaceipes n. sp. — Stouter than the preceding and more convex,
shining, dark rufo-piceous, the elytra clear castaneous; entire legs and
antennae pale testaceous; head relatively small, two-thirds as wide as
the prothorax, convex, smooth and unimpressed; antennae (cf) about
three-fifths as long as the body; prothorax three-fifths wider than long,
the sides rather broadly and strongly rounded, oblique and straight be-
hind, the sides rather broadly and strongly reflexed ; transverse impressions
very unequal, feebly punctured, the anterior obsolescent, the posterior
strong, with the lateral impressions deep and oblique; median stria very
fine and feeble; elytra oblong, parallel, with very feebly arcuate sides,
three-fifths longer than wide, fully one-half wider than the prothorax,
the humeri strongly marked though broadly rounded, the basal bead
meeting the marginal in a blunt angulation, so very obtuse as to be
scarcely evident; striae moderate, finely, not closely punctulate, the third
with three or four small setigerous foveae; intervals very feebly though
sensibly convex; legs long and slender. Length 10.0 mm.; width 4.1 mm.
British Columbia (Glenora), — Wickham. A single male.

This species, though the type may possibly be somewhat im-
mature, is readily seen to differ from obliqua in the relatively
much smaller head and prothorax, more oblong and less laterally
arcuate elytra, pale testaceous legs and other features of structure
and habitus.

Nebria texana n. sp. — More depressed and less parallel than in either
of the preceding or obtusa, rather shining, the elytra polished, black,
the legs also black throughout and the antennae blackish-testaceous;
head small, smooth, the anterior impressions feeble but evident and
widely separated; antennae three-fifths as long as the body; prothorax
nearly as in the preceding but with the sides more narrowly rounded
anteriorly and the oblique posterior part longer; elytra one-half longer
than wide, sensibly wider behind the middle than at base, the sides
broadly arcuate; humeri less evident than in others of this group, broadly
rounded, the basal and marginal beads meeting in an even curve and
without trace of junction or angulation; striae moderately fine, deeply
impressed and strongly but not very coarsely punctate, the third with
three or four setigerous foveae; intervals very distinctly convex; legs
slender but not very long. Length 10.0 mm.; width 3.9 mm. Texas.
A single male example.

Quite distinct from any other of this group in its posteriorly
broadened elytra, more depressed surface, impressed and punctured
striae and entirely black legs.

CICINDELID.E AND CARABID/E 55

Group virescens Horn.

An isolated group in the genus, consisting hitherto of a single
species from Vancouver Island. I here venture to add another,
based upon rather radical disagreement with the published descrip-
tion of virescens:

Nebria brevis n. sp. — Form short and broad, evenly, moderately
convex, shining, black with faint dark greenish-blue lustre above, the
legs, antennae and under surface black; head small, smooth, nowhere
rugose, having a very feeble oblique sigmoid impression at each side
of the vertex; antennae (cf) filiform but shorter than usual, much less
than half as long as the body, piceous distally; prothorax transverse,
more than one-half wider than long, widest only just before the middle,
the sides almost evenly rounded from apex to the obtuse but sharply
defined basal angles, becoming perceptibly straighter before the latter;
surface broadly and strongly concave and reflexed at the sides, the
anterior impression narrow but distinct medially, the basal broad and
rather deeply concave, very finely subpunctulate, the lateral impressions
deep, large and anteriorly oblique; base truncate throughout the width,
three-fourths the maximum width; elytra short, oblong, not quite
one-half longer than wide, parallel, feebly and evenly arcuate at the sides,
rather abruptly broadly rounded at apex, the humeri distinct though
rounded; striae fine, very feeble, strongly though finely punctured
suturally, the outer ones subobsolete as well as scarcely punctured, the
third with two small and feeble setigerous punctures; intervals almost
flat; legs slender but rather short. Length 9.0-11.0 mm.; width 3.8-
4.25 mm. Oregon (Corvallis, Mayville and Philomath), — Moznette.
Five examples.

In virescens, according to G. H. Horn, the length is 12 mm., the
prothorax only about a third wider than long, with the sides
moderately broadly reflexed, and the head near the eyes is said to
be subtriangularly impressed and rugose, of which character there
is barely a vestige in brevis, but the oblique smooth sigmoid im-
pressions are very evident. If the original description is to be relied
upon, there can be no doubt that brevis is specifically different from
virescens.

Group pallipes Say.

In this peculiar group of the Atlantic regions there are three very
sharply differentiated species, almost invariably mingled together
in collections. If the elytra in either sex of pallipes be examined,
it will be found that each is obtusely rounded and very feebly,
arcuately and subtransversely subtruncate at tip; with this premise
the two following species may be identified very readily:

56 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Nebria lacustris n. sp. — Coloration and lustre throughout as in pallipes
but shorter in form and with relatively smaller head and prothorax;
head with two smooth impressions anteriorly; antennae three-fifths as
long as the body; prothorax as in pallipes but less broadly rounded at
the sides anteriorly, the posterior oblique part rather longer and the sides
more broadly though not more strongly reflexed; elytra similar though
exceeding the prothorax much more decidedly in width and with the
punctures of the deeply impressed striae coarser and more evident;
apices of the elytra in both sexes very acutely angulate, the truncature
thence to the suture extremely oblique and feebly sinuate. Length 9.7-
10.2 mm.; width 3.9-4.3 mm. Wisconsin (Bayfield) and Minnesota.

The difference in form of the elytral apices is radical, but the
species is also distinct from pallipes in its smaller size, shorter form,
relatively smaller anterior parts, stronger strial punctures and more
strongly rounded and broadly reflexed sides of the prothorax.
LeConte evidently recognized this species as his "race 2 " of pallipes
(Bull. U. S. Surv., p. 477) because of its divergence from pallipes
in certain general external features.

Nebria expansa n. sp. — Coloration and general characters of form,
sculpture and lustre nearly as in pallipes, but larger, with more elongate-
oblong elytra and much broader and more anteriorly inflated prothorax;
head nearly similar but relatively much smaller; prothorax notably large
and transverse, almost twice as wide as long, the sides strongly rounded
anteriorly, strongly oblique and broadly, just visibly sinuate thence to
the very obtuse angles; surface with the sides very broadly concave and
strongly reflexed; anterior and basal transverse impressions conspicuously
deep; base relatively narrower than in pallipes; elytra more elongate,
parallel, less rounded at the sides, two-fifths wider than the prothorax,
the striae as in pallipes, except that the punctures are less evident and
generally subobsolete suturally; apices exactly as in lacustris. Length
1 1. o mm.; width 4. 6-4. 7 mm. Texas and Indiana. Two female examples.

Distinguishable at once from pallipes by the elytral apices,
larger size and much broader prothorax ; from lacustris by the larger
size, feebler elytral punctures and relatively much larger prothorax.

Carabus Linne.

This genus, so remarkably developed in the palaearctic fauna, is
comparatively undeveloped in North America and it is long since
any allusion to our species has been made in a systematic way.
Meanwhile there have been a number of forms in my collection that
I have not been able to identify, and as they are probably un-
described, the present occasion is utilized to bring them forward.

ClCINDELID.E AND CARABID.E 57

Carabus lecontei n. sp. — Stout, convex, strongly shining and feebly
sculptured, deep black, the elytral margins strongly and the broad
thoracic margins more feebly bluish; head two-fifths as wide as the
prothorax, the anterior impressions at the sides of the epistoma deep;
antennae rather long, black, the fifth joint not quite three times as long
as wide; prothorax large, transverse, four-fifths as wide as the elytra,
nearly one-half wider than long, the sides subparallel, broadly, feebly
rounded anteriorly, thence just visibly converging and nearly straight
to the rounded basal angles, which are very broadly but feebly produced
posteriorly, the median truncate part of the base equal to half the maxi-
mum width; surface broadly convex, smooth and wholly punctureless,
except in the broadly concave side margins, which become very broad
and deep basally, the smooth lateral edges very thick; anterior impassion
obsolete but with a very few faint punctures, the transverse basal
impression conspicuously deep and punctured; median stria fine, entire;
elytra not quite one-half longer than wide, oval, slightly broader behind
the middle, evenly and strongly convex, rather broadly reflexed at the
sides, having close-set unimpressed series of very fine, well spaced punc-
tures, which become coarser and altogether confused on the flanks, also
having three series of deep non-metallic foveae; hind tarsi much longer
than the tibiae; under surface and legs deep black throughout, except
the side-pieces of the prosternum, which are violaceous. Length 24.0
mm.; width 10.7 mm. Texas. A single female example.

The type formed a part of the Levette collection and has puzzled
me for many years; it is related to sylvosus Say, but differs in the
much larger and broader prothorax with less rounded and less
basally converging sides, distinct median stria and deeper basal
transverse impression of the latter and relatively shorter elytra,
having the series of punctures wholly unimpressed.

Carabus patulicollis n. sp. — Elongate, subparallel, rather strongly
convex, shining, piceous-black, piceo-rufous beneath — probably im-
mature,— the legs and antennae black; head half as wide as the prothorax,
with very prominent eyes, finely punctured and rugulose basally, the
vertex longitudinally and closely plicate toward the eyes, the impressions
at the sides of the epistoma deep, very smooth and polished; antennae
three-fifths as long as the body; prothorax transverse, nearly one-half
wider than long., fully three-fourths as wide as the elytra, with broad
flat polished vermicular rugae throughout and with a few fine scattered
punctures sublaterally, becoming gradually coarse, dense, punctured
rugae in the lateral concavity and in about lateral fourth of basal half,
where there is a broad feeble longitudinal impression at outer fourth;
margins fine, broadly and moderately reflexed basally, more abruptly
anteriorly, widest a little before the middle, the sides broadly rounded,
distinctly converging and straight in about basal half to the rounded and
posteriorly produced angles, the base wider than the apex, the truncate
part rather more than half the maximum width; surface without anterior
or posterior transverse impressions, the median stria fine but distinct;

58 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

elytra three-fourths longer than wide, oval; the side margins concolorous,
the surface convex, with sculpture somewhat as in tcedatus, not regularly
striiform however but much confused, granular on the flanks, the foveee
nearly similar. Length 19.5 mm.; width 8.0 mm. A single male from
an unrecorded locality but probably taken in Colorado.

Differs from tcedatus, of which group it is a member, by the very
broad prothorax and confused elytral sculpture, in which, however,
the tcedatus type can be traced very readily.

Carabus franciscanus n. sp. — Sculpture, coloration and lustre as in
tcedatus, the body much more elongate and with the elytra deplanate
toward the humeri and not convexly declivous; head not quite so large and
with radially different sculpture; last joint of the maxillary palpi obtri-
angular and longer than the preceding joint; surface with the lateral
impressions not short and anterior as in tcedatus but very deep and pro-
longed posteriorly to the line of the middle of the eyes, gradually ex-
panding and very coarsely, strongly, vermicularly rugose, the rugae
throughout its length extending inwardly nearly to the median line of
the vertex and front, which is elevated in a ridge-like manner, with the
summit of the ridge deeply canaliculate except anteriorly; neck strongly
rugose, smooth medially; antennae less than half as long as the body,
tapering distally; prothorax as in tcedatus but relatively larger and but
very little wider than long, three-fifths as wide as the elytra, the latter
much more elongate and less convex, gradually declivous laterally,
still more gradually basally, in outline and sculpture nearly as in tcedatus,
the sides straighter basally, the side margins much more broadly reflexed;
hind tarsi about as long as the tibiae. Length 21.5 mm.; width 8.5 mm.
California (coast region near San Francisco). A single male.

At first I thought that this species might be regarded as a sub-
species of tcedatus, but on examining the structure of the head and
the flanks of the elytra, especially in the vicinity of the humeri,
it becomes evident that it has no such close relationship, though a
member of the tcedatus group.

Carabus taedatus ssp. montanicus nov. — Similar to tcedatus in general
form, sculpture and coloration but larger, somewhat stouter and with
relatively slightly larger head and prothorax; head nearly similar, the
vertex broadly almost smooth, with a few longitudinal folds near the
eyes; antennae perceptibly longer and stouter; prothorax similar in outline
and sculpture but with distinct punctures scattered medially, similarly
dense laterally and basally; elytra similar in sculpture and convexity
throughout, but a little broader, nearly three-fifths longer than wide,
one-half wider than the prothorax; abdomen rufo-piceous. Length
21.5 mm.; width 9.0 mm. Idaho (Coeur d'Alene). A single male
example.

The type of this species was sent to me under the name oregonensis

ClCINDELID.E AND CARABIDyE 59

Lec., which it evidently is not, as oregonensis is said to be blue-black,
with the prothorax almost opaque and densely, intricately rugose,
the elytra almost twice as wide as the prothorax and, together with
the head, proportionally smaller, narrower and much more finely
and densely rugose than in teedatus; its length is 21.3 mm.

Of the common serratus Say there seems to be a rather well marked
subspecies as follows:

Carabus serratus ssp. vegasensis nov. — Similar to serratus in coloration,
general form and sculpture throughout, but with the elytra not feebly
convex and very gradually declivous laterally, but strongly convex with
the sides rapidly and more steeply declivous; elytral sculpture a little
stronger, the punctures of the close-set interstitial series separated by
more deeply impressed transverse lines. Length 17.0-17.5 mm.; width
7.2-7.4 mm. New Mexico (Las Vegas and also from an unrecorded
locality); also one, unlabeled, from the Levette collection, possibly from
southern Colorado.

Of serratus I have a good series marked Pennsylvania and Wash-
ington State; vegasensis seems to be a more southern modification.

In the Crotch table of Carabus, tatumi Mots., is given as a syn-
onym of mceander Fisch.; this is far from being the fact, as the fol-
lowing description of tatumi, given by Motschulsky, wrill show:

. " Carabus tatumi Mots.— Color et statura C. serrati Say, sed elytris
imbricato-striatis, cancellis distinctis, elevatis; oblongus, subconvexus,
supra nigro-subcyaneus, limbo paulo dilutiore; capite fere glabro;
thorace capite duplo latiore, quadrate, antice arcuatim angustato, postice
punctato, latioribus marginatis, reflexis; angulis posticis rectis, apice
rotundatis, modice prominulis; elytris thorace paulo latioribus, subovatis,
antice truncatis, i6-striatis, interstitiis subconvexis, transverso-rugatis,
4, 8 et 12 catenato-interruptis, laevis, 9 long. 8 1. — lat. elyt. 3 1. — lat.
thor. 2^/3 1. De la Hudson-Bay, dans 1'Amerique arctique."

It seems to be related closely to serratus Say, but of more slender
form and stronger sculpture; it is recorded as a distinct species in
the Munich catalogue but by Horn (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1870, p.
70) is said to be serratus; however, as this author, just above,
makes Calosoma prominens Lec., the same as peregrinator Guer.,
complete dependence cannot be placed on the reference. Hud-
sonicus Mots., is probably mceander. Gladiator Mots., is said by
Horn (1. c.) to be baccivorus Fisch.

Calosoma Weber.

In this genus and the closely related Callisthenes, there are still
a number of species not represented in my collection, such as pro-

60 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

tracta* prominens, eremicola, rugosipennis, simplex, wilkesi, dietzi,
latipennis, moniliata, subanea and the true luxata, which seems to
be decidedly a ram avis. Prominens was seemingly represented by
a series of four exactly similar examples, taken at various localities,
from Albuquerque, New Mexico to southern California, until Mr.
Fall discovered that they are not that species at all but another
quite distinct, which he named parvicottis, and, on turning to the
original description of prominens under the preoccupied name angu-
lata (Ann. Lye. N. Y., V, p. 199) it becomes apparent that most of
us do not have the true prominens, which is a very large species 1.3
inch in length, if the "Long. .13" as published is to be so translated.
On the other hand, however, I find about a dozen forms that have
no names whatever as yet, and it is my purpose to describe these at
the present opportunity. It seems tolerably certain that the
angulata of Chevrolat, does not occur this side of the Mexican boun-
dary; at least the good figure given by Bates in the "Biologia" has
a very exotic appearance, and I certainly have never seen an ex-
ample of it in any American collection. It seems to be peculiarly
characteristic of the fauna of extreme southern Mexico, although
Mr. Bates makes a subsequent allusion to Chihuahua.

Of the forms previously described by the writer (Ann. N. Y. Acad.
Sci., IX, p. 340), the five announced as species still seem to be valid
and isolated forms, and of those named as varieties all are valid,
at least as subspecies, excepting expansa, which proves to be merely
a synonym of calida. One at least, by the discovery of additional
material in central New Mexico, can be shown to have higher value
than originally assigned it; this species is

Calosoma microsticta Csy. — Similar to obsoleta in sculpture, lustre and
coloration, but much larger, with larger head, more transverse prothorax,
the sides of which are rather more reflexed basally and relatively much
shorter and broader elytra; punctures of the sternal side-pieces and sides
of the abdominal base coarser and more conspicuous. Length 20.0-
23.5 mm.; width 9.6-11.0 mm. New Mexico.

* Believing that it is best to reduce everything pertaining to nomenclature to rigid
law and system, it seems evident that the gender to be given generic names should
be made systematic — determined in fact solely by the form of the ending and not depend
upon the vagaries and exceptions of language. For this reason it would seem better
that all words ending, for example in a, should be considered feminine, in accordance
with the general Latin rule, irrespective of Greek gender, and I have therefore con-
sidered names having such endings as soma and derma as feminine, for nomenclatorial
reasons, and not neuter, as would be necessary from purely philological considerations.

CICINDELIM: AND CARABID/E 61

A pair in perfect state of preservation was sent me by Mr.
Woodgate from Jemez Springs; the male is relatively broader
than any female in a series of nine specimens of obsoleta, and, in the
female, the still broader elytra are evidently wider behind the middle
than at base.

The two following may be considered subspecies of tepida for
the present, although the probabilities are that they are rather
species than subspecies, as I cannot conceive of interbreeding; all
comparisons are made from the male:

Calosoma tepida ssp. caelator nov. — Coloration and sculpture nearly
as in tepida, but more shining, the elytral rugosity larger; body slightly
smaller and narrower, the head relatively larger and the prothorax smaller,
the latter less transverse, three-fourths wider than long, the sides pos-
teriorly more oblique and straighter, the surface more impressed and
laterally reflexed at the sides of the base, otherwise similar; elytra less
oblong, narrower at base and more inflated behind the middle, three-
fourths longer than the basal width, the latter four-fifths of the maximum
width, foveae larger, smoother and more conspicuously cupreous. Length
19.0 mm.; width 8.7 mm. Idaho (Coeur d'Alene). A single male,
taken by Lieut. James A. Leyden.

Distinct in its smaller size, narrower and more cuneate outline,
more impressed prothorax with more oblique sides posteriorly and
brighter elytral fovese.

Calosoma tepida ssp. indigens nov. — Similar to tepida in coloration,
lustre, very dense sculpture, small and moderately evident fovese and
general form and impressions of the pronotum, but with the body smaller
in size and relatively very much narrower; head not so large; prothorax
smaller, similarly rounded at the sides and feebly impressed and reflexed
laterally at base, a little less than twice as wide as long; elytra narrower,
relatively more elongate, otherwise nearly similar, the side margins very
narrowly reflexed. Length 15.5-17.0 mm.; width 7.3-7.7 mm. Oregon.
From two different localities, both unrecorded.

This form may be distinguished by its small size and very much
narrower outline.

Although the description of Calosoma irregularis, given by Walker,
accords very well with tepida, it will be noted that its size seems
considerably greater, the length as given by the author being 12
lines or 24 mm. It is also described as aeneous-black and there are
some other divergencies.

It is stated by Bates that carbonata Lee., is synonymous with
peregrinator Guer. It is true they bear a very decided mutual

62 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

resemblance and are scarcely distinguishable superficially, having
about the same size, the same sculpture and great similarity of
outline, though in peregrinator the head and prothorax are relatively
a little smaller and the hind tarsi evidently shorter; but, on examin-
ing the last ventral segment of the female, which is similarly punc-
tate and pubescent in both, I find that the posterior contour is
parabolic, with the apex distinctly blunt though rather narrow in
carbonata, and triangular, with the apex only very narrowly blunt
in peregrinator, as shown by a female before me from the Sierra de
Durango. I am therefore inclined to consider carbonata a subspecies
of peregrinator.

The following are two other subspecies of this widely distributed
type form:

Calosoma peregrinator ssp. ingens nov. — A little shorter and broader
in the hind body than carbonata and somewhat larger in size, with rela-
tively distinctly smaller prothorax, which is however similar in form
and sculpture; elytra with similar habitus and sculpture; tarsi nearly
similar but scarcely so stout, the claws more elongate and more arcuate.
Length 26.5-30.0 mm.; width 11.6-12.4 mm. California (San Diego).
A single pair from Mr. Ricksecker.

The fifth ventral of the female is as obtusely rounded as in car-
bonata, but the punctures instead of being gradually dense medially
and posteriorly, as in that species, are everywhere sparser and
stronger, with only a small area near the centre of the disk in which
they become smaller and dense. This is a maritime modification,
carbonata proper being native to the higher interior regions, espe-
cially of New Mexico.

Calosoma peregrinator ssp. amplipennis nov. — Similar to carbonata in
color, lustre and sculpture throughout, except that the elytral foveae
are larger and more evident; body a little smaller, the elytra notably
shorter and broader, distinctly less than one-half longer than wide; head
and prothorax a little smaller but of similar outline and sculpture.
Length 25.0 mm.: width 12.3 mm. Locality unrecorded.

The single type is unfortunately a male, for the female, as shown
by Fall, is the sex having the distinctive sexual characters in this
group; it is quite readily recognizable, however, by its much shorter
elytra and is probably from New Mexico or southern Colorado.

The following belongs to the peregrinator group but is I think
specifically different:

ClCINDELID.'E AND CARABID^ 63

Calosoma subgracilis n. sp. — Narrow, convex, alutaceous, the elytra
highly polished, deep black throughout; head as in peregrinator and car-
bonata but smaller, the antennae much more slender; prothorax as in the
latter but smaller and less transverse, scarcely more than three-fourths
wider than long; elytra parallel, more elongate, more than two-thirds
longer than wide, the punctures throughout extremely small, similar
throughout the length, the foveae minute and scarcely discoverable,
the transverse rugulae obsolete, except a few vestiges very near the humeri;
legs slender; hind tarsi very slender, scarcely more than three-fourths
as long as the tibiae. Length 20.5 mm.; width 8.4 mm. Locality un-
recorded in the Levette collection.

The single male type represents a close ally of carbonata, but
the very much more slender form, small size, smaller head and pro-
thorax, more glossy elytra and more slender antennae and legs would
seem to be specific.

Calosoma apacheana n. sp. — Form somewhat as in carbonata though
smaller and narrower, with relatively larger head and prothorax, the
lustre less shining, the sculpture stronger; head nearly similar but with
more elongate lateral furrows, evidently more than half as wide as the
prothorax; antennae slender, not quite one-half as long as the body;
prothorax very nearly twice as wide as long and three-fourths as wide
as the elytra, the outline and sculpture as in carbonata, except that each
of the postero-lateral impressions in the type is divided completely by an
oblique transverse ridge near basal third; elytra oblong, parallel, together
obtusely subangulate at apex, having regular unimpressed series of
punctures as in carbonata, except that the punctures are strong and con-
spicuous throughout the length, becoming fine only at the apex excepting
in the sutural series, where they are strong to the tip; foveae moderately
distinct, the extero-basal rugulae strong; anterior tarsi (cf ) moderately
broadly dilated. Length 24.0 mm.; width 9.7 mm. Arizona.

The division of the basal impressions of the pronotum, announced
above, is exactly symmetric bilaterally, but it is nevertheless adven-
titious, in all probability, in the single male type; the species is
distinct, however, by reason of the relatively broader anterior parts,
stronger elytral punctures and smaller size. The anterior male tarsi
are not quite so strongly dilated as in carbonata.

Calosoma hospes n. sp. — Small in size, stout, convex, shining, black
throughout; head small, finely, not densely punctate and rugulose, three-
fifths as wide as the prothorax, the antero-lateral impressions short;
antennae (c?) nearly half as long as the body; prothorax transverse,
fully three-fourths wider than long, just visibly more than half as wide
as the elytra, rounded at the sides, the latter slightly more convergent
and straighter in basal two-fifths, sometimes feebly angulate at that
point; surface very shining, finely, sparsely punctate and feebly rugulose,

64 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

more densely and strongly punctate and rugulose near the margins,
more coarsely but sparsely basally; side margins not concave, feebly
declivous to the abruptly elevated marginal bead, the lateral basal im-
pressions broad and distinct; other impressions, except a fine and partial
median stria, obsolete; base broadly arcuate, sinuate slightly near the
angles; elytra short, a fourth (of) to a third ( 9 ) longer than wide, parallel,
feebly arcuate at the sides; surface faintly alutaceous; punctures and ante-
rior rugulae as in peregrinator, the fine striae rather more evident and the
punctures less minute basally; tarsi very short, rather slender, the
posterior but little more than three-fifths as long as the tibiae, the an-
terior (cf) moderately dilated. Length 16.0-17.4 mm.; width 7.8-8.2
mm. California (Coronado, near San Diego).

For some years I considered this to be nothing more than a
sea-coast modification of parviceps, but on closer examination this
assumption proves to be untenable; the anterior tarsi of the male
are slightly more dilated, the second joint being only about as
wide as long in that species, while here it is decidedly wider than
long and the hind tarsi are shorter, these being about three-fourths
as long as the tibiae in parviceps; again, the prothorax is much more
transverse and the head in relation thereto still smaller, and the
transverse elytral rugulse are more lateral. It seems to be allied
also to eremicola Fall, from San Clemente Island, but is materially
smaller, the length of the latter being given as 17-19 mm., and with
shorter elytra. The last ventral of the female is broadly sub-
angulate and is not punctured.

The three species sponsa, parviceps and hospes constitute a pe-
culiar group of the genus of the peregrinator type but minute in
comparison; whether eremicola should be associated with them or
not is uncertain.

In the cancellata group there are several distinct species hitherto
uncharacterized ; cenescens Lee., from northern Oregon, is however
purely a synonym; it was compared under the original description
with tepida and calida only, to which of course it is in no way closely
allied. The two following belong to the fauna of extreme southern
California :

Calosoma esuriens n. sp. — Body narrow, parallel and convex in form,
somewhat shining, black, the elytra more polished and with the foveae
and side margins in part feebly metallic green; head large, rather finely,
not densely punctate and rugulose; antennae (9) very short, picescent
distally, distinctly shorter than the thoracic width; prothorax short,
and very transverse, fully twice as wide as long and but very little nar-

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^ 65

rower than the widest part of the elytra, the sides rounded, moderately
oblique posteriorly, the angles broadly rounded and slightly produced
posteriorly; surface closely, not coarsely punctured, becoming densely
rugose laterally, the basal impressions large and deep; elytra parallel,
two-fifths longer than wide, sculptured as in cancellata but less deeply
and a little more coarsely, the indications of striae less evident; tarsi very
short, the posterior barely two-thirds as long as the tibiae. Length (9 )
17.0 mm.; width 7.4 mm. California (near San Diego), — Dunn.

Distinguishable at once from cancellata, which is more northern in
distribution in California and Oregon, by its smaller size and nar-
rower, more parallel form, much shorter antennae and still shorter
tarsi, by the relatively much broader prothorax, more parallel
and more convex elytra and more evenly punctulate propleura.

Calosoma transversa n. sp. — Larger and much stouter but similar
throughout in coloration, lustre and sculpture; head large; prothorax
still shorter, a little more than twice as wide as long, the oblique sides
posteriorly very much less converging, the lateral impressions much
shallower; elytra broad, barely a third longer than wide, not parallel
but much swollen behind the middle, where they are nearly a fourth wider
than at base and two-fifths wider than the prothorax; surface less convex
than in esuriens and still more feebly sculptured; tarsi longer than in
either of those species, the posterior rather more than four-fifths as long
as the tibiae; antennae rather short, not as long as in cancellata, though
equal in length to the thoracic width. Length (9) 20.0 mm.; width
8.8 mm. California (near San Diego), — Ricksecker.

Differs from the preceding in its much broader form, feebler
sculpture and less convex, posteriorly inflated elytra, longer tarsi
and antennae and many other features, and, from cancellata, in the
very much feebler sculpture, broader and more transverse, less
posteriorly narrowed and more feebly impressed prothorax, among
other differential characters.

Tristoides Fall, is so distinct from tristis, in its very much larger
and stouter form, more convex, shining surface and fine punctures,
that there is really no close relationship between them; in fact it
would have been better to give it a more distinctive name. I have
two examples, both females, from Arizona and southern California,
in which the elytra are relatively shorter than in any of a good series
of the typical coast form at hand; they probably represent a sub-
species of tristoides. In this connection, attention ought to be
called to a male and female of semilcevis Lee., found at Alameda,
where the normal form was also taken abundantly, which have the

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

66 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

prothorax narrower, parallel and feebly, evenly arcuate at the sides
from apex to base, and not inflated and strongly rounded as in the
normal form of the species; as there are but few other points of
difference, I am uncertain as to the taxonomic meaning of this
peculiarity, though it imparts a distinctly different facies to these
two individuals. The genus Calosoma, when fully collected, will
prove almost as troublesome to us as Carabus is to the European
systematists.

Callisthenes Fisch.

We need only take a general glance at Calosoma and Callisthenes as
a whole, to note a very perceptible difference in habitus extending
consistently through both groups of species, and Callisthenes should
therefore be retained for those Calosomids having oval elytra and
broadly rounded humeri, generally signifying absence or great curtail-
ment of the wings. But disregarding these external features, the
genus is proved conclusively to be distinct because of antennal struc-
ture. It will be observed that the distal joints in Calosoma are virtu-
ally uniform in their dense pubescence, while in Callisthenes the outer
joints are in great part glabrous on their flattened faces, the lines
separating these glabrous spaces from the large pubescent areas
being very sharply defined. The head is generally less developed
than in Calosoma, and such forms as moniliattis Lee., which possess
the three series of elytral elevations as in Calosoma cancellata, and
the similarity to which in elytral sculpture may perhaps have given
rise to doubts concerning the validity of Callisthenes, are not really
allied to cancellata at all ; they differ not only in the rounded humeri
but in the very much smaller head, form of the basal part of the
prothorax, which is exactly as in the zimmermanni group of Callis-
thenes, and in the distinctive antennal structure; furthermore, a
closer examination will show that the elytral sculpture, between the
rows of elevations, is wholly different from that of the cancellata
group of Calosoma.

The species of Callisthenes are very numerous in the western parts
of North America, but are unknown east of the Rocky Mountains
to any considerable distance and they are particularly abundant
in California. The following seem to be hitherto unnamed :

Callisthenes concinnus n. sp. — Oval, convex, rather more elongate

ClCINDELID.E AND CARABID.E 67

than usual, shining, black, the pronotum with feeble greenish glint
laterally, the elytra bright aeneous-green throughout, excepting the serial
elevations, which are black; propleura faintly cupreous, with the small
scattered asperate punctures bright green, these also greenish on the
other sternal pleura; head small, with fine scattered punctures; antennae
extending to about basal fourth of the elytra; prothorax not quite twice
as wide as long, almost twice as wide as the head and fully two-thirds
as wide as the elytra, strongly rounded at the sides anteriorly, the sides
thence strongly oblique and less rounded to the apices of the basal angles,
which are narrowly rounded and much produced posteriorly; surface
concave at the sides but only feebly impressed laterally at base, the median
stria strong; punctures fine and sparse, densely rugulose laterally, more
broadly at base; elytra oval, widest at the middle, not quite one-half
longer than wide, the surface between the series of large oblong elevations
evenly and asperately but not densely punctate and feebly elevated
along the middle, the cancelli of the marginal series small and not
black; foveae separating the elevations large, shallow; legs slender;
anterior tarsi (c?) narrowly dilated, the second joint rather longer than
wide. Length (cf ) 15.0 mm.; width 6.8 mm. Idaho (Priest Lake).

This species was sent to me under the name moniliatus, of which
the Carabus bicolor of Walker is a synonym, but it evidently differs
in the brighter metallic green coloration of the elytra, smaller size
and much sparser sculpture of the head, prothorax and elytra;
moniliatus is 16.5 mm. in length and is said to have a good deal
the habitus of Carabus serratus, which would make its convexity
very much less. It seems to resemble laqueatus Lee., from Sas-
katchewan, which is by no means a synonyn of moniliatus, but
apparently a distinct species, much more closely than it does the
latter, but this is described as robust and nigro-aeneous ; its length
is nearly 17 mm.

Callisthenes discors ssp. inversus nov. — Coloration, shining lustre
and general characters exactly as in discors, but less obese and more
oblong; head not quite so large but similar; prothorax similar throughout
though a little shorter and more transverse, and, in relation to the elytra,
very much wider; elytra oblong, with parallel and moderately rounded
sides, having unimpressed series of strong deep subelongate punctures,
the intervals flat, each with a series of small and well separated punctures.
Length (9) 17-5 mm.; width 8.6 mm. California (San Francisco).

The type is the only one discoverable among a good series of dis-
cors also taken at San Francisco; in outline it is quite different,
the prothorax not barely two-thirds as wide as the elytra as in that
species, but fully three-fourths as wide, and the oblong elytra,
with much less rounded and less inflated sides, display a singular

68 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

reversal in the sculpture. In discors it will be observed that the
punctures of the striae are nearly always smaller than those of the
intervals, or at any rate are never larger, while here the strial
punctures are two or three times as large as those of the intervals,
the latter being small and much shallower.

In the arcnatus — dietzi section there are many species in southern
California; latipennis Horn, as remarked by Schaeffer, is not very
closely allied, having more the facies of the luxatus group and need
not be considered in the comparisons. In none of these species
are the basal parts of the elytral margins in the least serrulate.
In the description of dietzi (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1904, p. 197),
Mr. Schaeffer mentions some points that do not appear in any of
those described below; for example, the margins are not bluish,
as described of dietzi, except in gravidulus, and this differs wholly
in the unrounded form of the thoracic angles and in its very small
size; again, the author states that the elytra are but little wider
than the widest part of the prothorax, which is eminently not true
of any of those before me, and mentions certain punctures of the
elytral intervals which are finer and sparser than those of the striae ;
again gravidulus is the only one displaying any trace of punctures
other than those of the series, excepting of course the very small
foveae; he further states that the sides of the prothorax become
nearly straight posteriorly, which is not true of any described below,
also that the mandibles are faintly rugose and finally that the length
is 15-18 mm. and the width 7-8.5 mm. I think therefore that
dietzi is not included among the following three species, although
from the same part of the country ; they all belong to the discors
group of the genus.

Callisthenes tularensis n. sp. — Suboblong-oval, convex, black through-
out, shining though faintly alutaceous, the margins concolorous, not
in the least colored; head small, less than half as wide as the prothorax,
very minutely and sparsely punctate, feebly rugulose laterally, the
anterior impressions deep; labrum transversely and rtigosely impressed,
slightly emarginate medially; mandibles rather closely, irregularly
strigose; antenna? ( 9 ) as long as the thoracic width; prothorax about
twice as wide as long, two-thirds as wide as the elytra, parallel, the sides
very evenly arcuate from apex to base, the angles broadly rounded and
slightly produced; surface convex, steeply declivous antero-laterally
almost to the marginal bead and without gutter, this becoming de-
planate and slightly expanding posteriorly behind about the middle,

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABIDJE 69

the surface basally with a moderate impression at outer fifth, thence
nearly flat to the angles, scarcely at all reflexed; surface with fine an-
astomosing creases, minutely, sparsely punctate, strongly but not densely
punctate laterally; median stria distinct, subentire; elytra oblong-oval,
a third longer than wide, slightly widest just behind the middle, from
which point to the broad humeral rounding they are nearly straight;
surface with unimpressed series of very fine and distant punctules,
connected with very fine faint and irregular longitudinal and transverse
scratches, the intervals vaguely and faintly subelevated by oblique light
but without trace of punctuation, the foveae of the three series very small;
sides moderately reflexed and with coarse punctures and transverse
rugulae. Length ( 9 ) 17.0 mm.; width 8.0 mm. California (Tulare Co.).

This is the form to which I alluded in describing arcuatus and
thought to be dietzi by Mr. Schaeffer, but it is evidently not the
same according to the description of that species.

Callisthenes opimus n. sp. — Much stouter and more ventricose, much
more shining, deep black, smooth and convex, the margins not colored;
head small though fully half as wide as the prothorax, nearly as in the
preceding; mandibles closely, anastomosingly strigose; antennae longer
and more slender, longer than the thoracic width; prothorax slightly
less than twice as wide as long, parallel and evenly rounded at the sides
throughout, three-fifths to two-thirds as wide as the elytra, the angles
as in the preceding; surface similarly sculptured but very differently
impressed, rapidly declivous laterally, with a concave marginal gutter
which is broad posteriorly, where the edge is much reflexed, gradually
shallower and narrower anteriorly; basal impressions large and deep,
divided transversely by a low feeble ridge in the female, somewhat after
the manner so strongly developed in the type of Calosoma apacheana,
the division not visible in the male; elytra evenly oblong-oval, with
slightly less broadly rounded humeri than in tularensis, the sculpture
nearly similar, except that the serial punctures are not so minute,
perforate, the anastomosing scratches and feeble interstitial elevation
obsolete, the foveae very small, cupreous; side margins almost similar;
tarsi slender, the posterior two-thirds as long as the tibiae, a little longer
in the male. Length 15.5-17.5 mm.; width 7.5-8.5 mm. California
(Kern Co.), — Hopping.

Distinguishable at once from the preceding by its more corpulent
form, more shining lustre, more evenly rounded sides of the elytra,
more reflexed margins of the prothorax, longer antennae and numer-
ous other characters; it was received under the name latipennis
Horn.

Callisthenes gravidulus n. sp. — Small, strongly convex, ventricose,
alutaceous, black, the margins very faintly bluish; head rather more than
half as wide as the prothorax, sculptured as in the preceding species,
the mandibles more feebly strigose and less closely; antennae much longer

70 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

than the thoracic width; prothorax not quite twice as wide as long, the
sides almost evenly rounded, though perhaps a little more converging
basally than apically, three-fourths as wide as the elytra; surface moder-
ately convex, much less declivous laterally than in the two preceding,
finely but strongly, rather closely and distinctly punctate and confusedly
creased, becoming densely punctate and rugose laterally, feebly reflexed
anteriorly, not at all so medially and flat, though sloping upward just
visibly from the impression to the sides, at base, the bead distinct an-
teriorly, wholly disappearing at the middle and thence to the base forming
an increasingly wide, flat and punctureless border; basal angles of unusual
form, being but slightly obtuse though rather sharply angular, the inner
side of the angle oblique and straight to the truncate median part of
the base, the outer side forming a continuation of the lateral arcuation;
elytra scarcely more than a fourth longer than wide, with only moderately
rounded humeri; surface convex, rather dull, smooth, having very fine
but continuous scratchlike striae, which are slightly wavy but not punc-
tate, the intervals each with a regular series of fine, not close-set punctures
and some confused suboblique detached scratches; margins moderately
reflexed, having a closer series of coarser graniferous punctures though
scarcely at all rugose; legs rather long and slender; anterior tarsi (cf )
moderately dilated, the second joint scarcely at all wider than long.
Length (cJ1) 13.2 mm.; width 6.7 mm. California (Sequoia National
Park, 4600', Tulare Co.).

The sijigle type was sent to me by Mr. Hopping under the name
dietzi; but the small size, conformation of the basal thoracic angles
and peculiar elytral sculpture preclude any such association.

The luxatus group comprises numerous species, in general very
well differentiated among themselves and having great diversity
of form and sculpture; latipennis of Horn and the true luxatus
are still wanting in my collection, and, in the following table, are
interpolated as accurately as possible from the published descrip-
tions. The erect setae at the sides of the prothorax, conspicuous in
some species, do not seem to have been noted heretofore.

Side margins of the elytra perfectly even 2

Side margins serrate basally 10

2 — Elytra strongly sculptured 3

Elytra feebly sculptured, except very near the sides 8

3 — Prothorax not at all reflexed at the sides, the marginal bead equal
from apex to base, the basal angles very broadly rounded and only
very slightly produced posteriorly. Body small, rather narrow,
deep black; head with strong and moderately close punctures,
becoming fine and sparse medially on the vertex and front, the
lateral rugse feeble; mandibles with very feeble sparse rugae; antennae
as long as the head and prothorax, glabrous, the outer joints with a
large outer and inner sharply limited area of dense punctulation

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID^ Jl

and pubescence; prothorax small, three-fourths wider than the head,
the sides strongly rounded near the apex, thence nearly straight
and unusually oblique to the base; surface only very feebly but almost
evenly convex to the lateral bead throughout the length, the im-
pressions almost obsolete, the surface strongly and rather closely
punctate, becoming still more strongly and densely punctured
and rugose laterally, more broadly basally; sides apparently with a
single seta near the middle; elytra oval, scarcely a third longer than
wide and two-fifths wider than the prothorax, having contiguous
series of large and feebly convex tegulae, each having posteriorly a
small asperate puncture, the tegulse becoming smaller and more
tuberculiform at the sides and toward apex. Length (cf ) 15.0 mm.;
width 6.8 mm. Oregon zimmermanni Lee.

Prothorax always more or less reflexed at the sides, although sometimes
scarcely visibly, the basal angles more strongly rounded and dis-
tinctly produced posteriorly 4

4 — Elytra with equal close-set striae and transverse grooves, forming
subquadrate, almost evenly convex tegulae, which do not become
notably altered in form or tuberculiform near the sides 5

Elytra with the transverse lines separating the tegulae broader and arcuate,
the tegulae more pointed or asperate at their posterior ends and
laterally becoming smaller, more widely separated and strongly
tuberculiform 6

5 — Form stout, rather less convex, deep black, moderately shining; head
larger, two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, having large and very
obsolete rugae and minute, very sparse punctures; mandibles feebly
rugulose; antennae rather short, nearly as in the preceding but
much shorter than the head and prothorax, the latter very trans-
verse, fully twice as wide as long, the sides broadly rounded, be-
coming moderately oblique and nearly straight in about basal half,
the angles rather narrowly rounded and much produced; surface
rather finely but strongly, closely punctate and rugulose, becoming
rather deeply concave at the sides from base to apex and more
densely, coarsely punctured and rugose, the impressions rather deep;
elytra broadly oblong-oval, barely a fourth longer than wide, ex-
tremely narrowly reflexed at the sides, the tegulae becoming smaller,
much confused and graniform apically. Length (c?) 15.0 mm.;
width 7.5 mm. Wyoming striatulus Lee.

Form much less stout, with much smaller head and prothorax, deep
black but more shining; head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax,
with fine sparse punctures and very obsolete rugulation, more
markedly punctate and rugulose laterally but not on the neck;
mandibles arcuate, finely, not strongly strigose; antennae much
longer, extending nearly to basal fourth of the elytra (d71), a little
shorter (9); prothorax small, very much less transverse and more
narrowed basally, barely two-thirds wider than long, the sides more
strongly and more anteriorly rounded, very oblique and becoming
straight to the base, the angles narrowly rounded and sharply
produced; surface finely, sparsely punctate medially, the punctures
very gradually becoming coarse, close and rugulose laterally and

72 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

coarse basally and apically, broadly but not deeply reflexed at the
sides, the impressions not distinct, being confined to the basal margin
at the angles; elytra narrower, a third to two-fifths longer than wide,
oval, convex, two-fifths wider than the prothorax, sculptured nearly
as in the preceding but more strongly, the tegulae more convex and
more polished; flanks less declivous toward the acute lateral bead.
Length 14.0-14.2 mm.; width 6.4-6.7 mm. California (Placer Co.),

— Koebele. Three examples exaratus n. sp.

6 — Tegulae large, finely separated and nearly flat inwardly, becoming
widely separated, small and prominent only on and toward the
flanks and on the posterior declivity. Body stout, convex, dull,
the elytra somewhat shining, deep black; head rather large, fully
two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, finely, rather closely punctate,
with a posteriorly arcuate transverse area from eye to eye, in which
the punctures become larger and sparser; rugulosity near the eyes
obsolete; antennae rather short; mandibles obsoletely strigose, short,
barely at all inwardly arcuate at tip; prothorax transverse, nearly
twice as wide as long, the sides broadly rounded, oblique and nearly
straight posteriorly, the angles evenly rounded, produced; surface
nearly flat throughout, and everywhere rather finely, very closely
and strongly punctured, a little more coarsely and rugosely laterally,
the impressions obsolete, the side margins scarcely at all reflexed
except moderately toward base; elytra oblong-oval, with rather
evident though rounded humeri, a third longer than wide, one-
half wider than the prothorax. Length (9) 15.5 mm.; width 7.4
mm. California (locality not recorded in the Levette collection).

tegulatus n. sp.

A — Similar but a little less stout, with notably smaller head, obsolete
humeri, the sides being broadly rounded to the base and with
longer and more slender tarsi, the posterior being three-fourths
as long as the tibiae, the second joint nearly two and one-half times
as long as wide, instead of two-thirds the tibial length, with the
second joint only twice as long as wide as is the case in tegulatus;
the thoracic punctures are less close-set medially, and, toward
the sides, become much coarser than they are in the preceding.
Length (9 ) 14.5 mm.; width 7.0 mm. California (from the same

source as the preceding) viator n. subsp.

Tegulae narrower, more convex and more separated internally, becoming
small, widely isolated and sharply tuberculiform in fully external
half of the elytra; sides of the prothorax with numerous long erect

setae 7

7 — Body obese, rather convex, deep grayish-black, dull in lustre; head
moderately large, three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, moderately
finely, strongly, closely punctate and feebly rugulose throughout,
with a smoother median patch at the apex of the front; rugulation
toward the eyes strong and dense; mandibles strongly arcuate from
base to apex, the latter curved inward and acute, the strigae strong
and close but rather fine; antennae nearly as long as the head and
prothorax, the latter short and broad, nearly twice as wide as long
and three-fourths (cf) as wide as the elytra, to a little less (9),

CICINDELID.E AND CARABID/E 73

the sides rounded, converging, becoming almost straight posteriorly;
surface, somewhat finely but very deeply and closely punctate,
broadly and densely rugose toward the sides, moderately convex,
feebly declivous laterally to the sharply elevated marginal bead
but not reflexed even basally, though the rather deep narrow im-
pressions give somewhat this appearance, the basal angles rather
broadly rounded and only very moderately produced; elytra short,
oblong-oval, a fourth to third longer than wide, the humeri rather
evident though very broadly rounded. Length 14.5-15.8 mm.;
width 7.2-7.7 mm. Northern California. Vancouver Island-
Walker pimelioides Walk.

Body narrower and more oblong in form, similar in coloration and lustre;
head a little smaller, finely and sparsely punctate and covered
throughout with vermicularly anastomosing incised lines, feebly
rugose but not more punctate toward the eyes; mandibles almost
similar, except that the strigaB are still finer and feebler; antennae
almost similar; prothorax not so broad, distinctly less than twice as
wide as long, otherwise nearly similar, except that the basal angles
are much more narrowly rounded and more produced posteriorly,
the fine punctures medially much less close-set and the lateral ru-
gosity less dense, the impressions and side margins similar; elytra
more narrowly oval, two-fifths longer than wide, the humeri broadly
rounded; side margins similarly opaque and still more narrowly
reflexed; tarsi similarly moderately long, slender. Length (cf ) 14.5
mm. ; width 7.0 mm. California (Yreka), — Levette.

pustulosus n. sp.

8 — Longitudinal and transverse lines of the elytra apparently about
equally distinct. Body brownish-black, the elytra reticulate; head
and prothorax minutely punctured; mandibles flattened above,
rugose with oblique lines; prothorax minutely punctate, the punctures
larger and confluent on the lateral margin, the posterior angles
rounded, extending backward a little beyond the basal line; elytra
suborbicular, reticulate, the " longitudinal lines not more dilated
or profoundly impressed than the transverse ones, which are not
continuous, the points of intersection not distinguished by a punc-
ture;" three punctured series obsolete, their traces hardly discernible
in a certain light and not differently colored. Length more than
15 mm. Inhabits Arkansas luxatus Say

Longitudinal lines of the elytra, except near the suture, more faint than
the transverse lines 9

9 — Form moderately stout, convex and shining, deep black; head three-
fifths as wide as the prothorax, very finely and remotely punctulate,
the antero-lateral impressions expanding very shallowly at the sides
of the front and with some radiating rugulse; mandibles rather short,
thick, not bent inward much apically and very faintly strigose;
seta near the eyes transversely doubled; prothorax rather large,
barely three-fifths wider than long, the sides broadly rounded,
converging and straighter behind, the angles rather narrowly rounded
and well produced; surface minutely and remotely punctate, broadly,
feebly reflexed and coarsely, sparsely rugose and punctate laterally,

74 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

the basal impressions small, basal and feeble; sides with short erect
setae, of which there is a sparse discal cluster near the hind angles;
elytra oblong-oval, with rather distinct though rounded humeri,
barely a third longer than wide, two-fifths wider than the prothorax,
very narrowly reflexed at the sides, the tegulae on the flanks becoming
acutely asperate, especially so on the entire posterior slope. Length
( 9 ) 16.0 mm., width 7.8 mm. Nevada (banks of the Truckee River
at Reno). Taken by the writer monticola Csy.

Form more ventricose, with smaller prothorax, rather convex and shining,
deep black; head nearly similar but less smooth, having some coarse
anastomosing creases in addition to the fine remote punctures
throughout; mandibles strongly arcuate, densely and strongly stri-
gose, much produced inwardly and very acute at tip; prothorax
shorter, fully three-fourths wider than long, the outline, angles and
form of the surface nearly similar but with the sculpture throughout
coarser and very coarsely and vermicularly rugose broadly toward
base, differing greatly in having numerous very long slender erect
setae along the sides throughout the length, more linear in arrange-
ment basally and not so clustered on the disk; elytra nearly two-
fifths longer than wide, evenly oval, without humeri, the tegulae
on the flanks not differing materially from those on the upper part
of the disk, except on the posterior slope, where they are close and
tuberculiform, shining but not asperate as in the preceding. Length
(9) 16.0 mm.; width 7.9 mm. Nevada (near Reno), — Wickham.

nevadensis n. sp.

10 — Body very convex and strongly ventricose, polished, deep black;
head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, very finely, sparsely
punctate and with some deep anastomosing creases, the seta near
the eyes single as in the preceding; labrum scarcely impressed or
medially emarginate though punctate and setose transversely as
usual; mandibles arcuate, densely, strongly and finely strigose,
curved inward and acute at tip; antennae moderate, the pubescent
lateral areas meeting apically on the flattened sides of the distal
joints; prothorax two-thirds wider than long, the sides broadly
rounded, converging and becoming straight basally, the angles
narrowly rounded, distinctly produced; surface evenly, rather
strongly convex from side to side, narrowly but strongly reflexed
at the sides, still more strongly basally, finely, sparsely punctate
and with small but deep anastomosing creases, more coarsely but
sparsely punctured apically and basally, and, laterally, more densely
as well as coarsely, the basal impressions very feeble, apparently
having but a single marginal seta near the middle; elytra oval, very
convex, without distinct humeri, not a third longer than wide, very
peculiarly sculptured, as though the transverse lines of the typical
form of sculpture were abbreviated, the tegulae very short, isolated,
not definite though becoming broadly prominent at their hind
margins, with all longitudinal impressed lines obsolete; the short,
transversely asperate lines become much confused and sharply
elevated posteriorly and on the flanks; side margins more broadly
deplanate than in the preceding forms, the edge strongly serrulate

ClCINDELID^ AND CARABID/E 75

basally. Length (9) 14.5 mm.; width 7.6 mm. New Mexico

(Coolidge), — Wickham diffractus n. sp.

Body stout, black and shining; head rather small, sparsely punctured;
prothorax broad, moderately convex, smooth, the median stria
distinct, the sides coarsely punctured and wrinkled, rather broadly
reflexed, the angles rather broadly rounded; elytra broadly oval,
smooth and shining, having approximate striae of very fine punctures;
margins rather broad throughout, except at base, where they become
narrower, rather densely, muricately punctured and usually of a
greenish-bronze color; under surface almost entirely smooth and
impunctured, the edge with three or four distinct serrations basally;
male as broad as the female of discors. Length 14-17 mm. South-
ern Sierras of California latipennis Horn

Latipennis seems to combine some general structural features of
the luxatus and discors groups of the genus, the elytral sculpture
being as in the arcuatus section of the discors group, but it differs
from both in the serrate elytral side margins toward base, this being
another special character, besides cancellated elytral sculpture,
well known in Calosoma and reappearing in Callisthenes. The elytral
sculpture of diffractus is remarkably different from any other known
at present in the genus, because of the absence of longitudinal striae
and great prominence of the short transverse lines; the anterior
serratures of the side margins are strong in this species.

Pasimachus Bon.

It is very long since this purely North American genus has been
given any attention, even in the way of isolated descriptions and
meanwhile the discoveries made by various collectors, chiefly in the
Gulf regions and Sonoran provinces, have become rather numerous,
so that a revision of all the known forms in a systematic way has
become desirable from many points of view. I have endeavored
to do this, so far as possible with the material in my collection, in
the following tabular statement. Some of the characters used by
LeConte in a very superficial sketch (Bull. Buf. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
1874, p. 266) forming the last word on our species, do not seem to
be of much decisive value, such for instance as the form of the
spine of the middle tibias and the degree of basal thoracic constric-
tion, and I have therefore merely made occasional use of the latter
only. I am unable to identify substriatus, of Haldeman, described
in very few words (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., I, p. 313) as black,

76 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

somewhat shining, the head with rather indistinct longitudinal
impressions, the pronotum smooth, with the mesial line slightly
impressed, a subtriangular impression near the external angle and
another transverse medial one near the base, the elytra scarcely
striate; 31 mm. long and from Long Island. There is scarcely a
single character given that can help us in coming to a conclusion
as to its relationships, but it is compared by its author with sub-
sulcatus Say, the largest example of which, or of any of the related
forms, before me measures only 22 mm. in length. It is given as
a variety of sublcevis by LeConte, but the largest example of this
or related forms at hand is only about 26 mm. in length, and, while
it may occur in Long Island, I have never seen an example from so
high a latitude; it would be useless therefore to make further
allusion to substriatus Hald. Omitting this I would propose the
following arrangement of our numerous species and subspecies:

Hind body short, generally but very little longer than wide 2

Hind body always evidently longer than wide 8

2 — Elytra conjointly broadly and obtusely rounded behind; humeral
carina very short; hind tibiae with sparse hairs within in both sexes;

form stout, parallel and very convex 3

Elytra obliquely and obtusely pointed behind 5

3 — Hind tarsi short, much shorter than the tibiae. Body oblong, convex,
rather shining, deep black, the margins very faintly and scarcely
visibly violaceous; head about two-thirds as wide as the prothorax,
the two impressions distinct, the labrum narrowly trilobed, the
middle lobe a little more advanced, rounded and smooth, the lateral
obtusely dentiform, the lateral discal impressions deep, the two
median diffuse; prothorax two-fifths wider than long, but little nar-
rowed at base, the sides broadly rounding to the very obtuse but
rather sharp basal angles, just before which there is a very small and
feeble sinus, the marginal groove extending fully to and slightly
inward from the basal angles; median stria rather strong, the sub-
basal impressions moderate; scutellum wholly on the peduncle of
the hind body, as usual in the genus; elytra just visibly longer than
wide, having geminate series of distinct though shallow punctures,
separated by lines of barely traceable convexity. Length 23.0-24.5
mm.; width 9.3-9.9 mm. Mississippi (Pass Christian). Two ex-
amples taken by the writer brevitarsis n. sp.

Hind tarsi longer, as long as the tibiae or very nearly 4

4 — Form a little less abbreviated than the preceding, deep black, with
violet side margins, shining, the elytra more or less strongly alutaceous
or subopaculate; head similar, except that the apical part of the
mandibles, which are similarly moderately strigose, is more slender
and prolonged and the median lobe of the labrum more truncate;
prothorax nearly similar but a little less transverse and even less

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID^ 77

narrowed at base, differing decidedly in having the lateral groove
broader and evanescent basally and the very obtuse basal angles
much less sharp, in fact narrowly rounded; elytra with the longi-
tudinal lines separating the geminate series much more convex and
rather conspicuous, the two lateral ridges stronger than the others;
they are together about a fifth longer than wide; tarsi as long as the
tibiae. Length 22.0-25.5 mm.; width 8.7-9.9 rnm. Florida (Lake
Worth and Key West). Five examples exhibiting no decided
variability, [rugosits Lee. — an individual aberration having the basal

impressions of the prothorax rugose] sublaevis Beauv.

A — Similar but with the elytra, as well as pronotum, highly polished,
the former with more rounded sides and rather less convex surface
and with the longitudinal convex lines very feeble, the two lateral
ridges also feeble but more evident than the others, the punctures
wholly obsolete; head, labrum and prothorax throughout nearly
as in brevitarsis, except that the mandibles are strongly strigose
throughout their extent and not on the inner part only as is the
case in the two preceding forms; hind tarsi as long as the tibiae.
Length 24.0 mm.; width 9.2 mm. Two similar examples, marked

" R. B." assimilis Lee.

Form more subcylindric, deep black, with narrow violaceous margins,
smooth and strongly shining throughout, rather more convex than
any of the preceding; mandibles, labrum and prothorax nearly as in
brevitarsis, the lateral lobes of the labrum still more pointed and
dentiform, the median lobe similarly advanced and strongly rounded,
the four setigerous foveae distinct but small; mandibles with slender
apices as in sublavis and similarly only partially strigose; elytra
slightly longer than wide, having irregularly and broadly subgemi-
nate series of very small or minute, sometimes completely obsolete,
punctures, but without even evident traces of longitudinal lines of
greater convexity, the two lateral ridges being sometimes just
visible though also generally wholly obsolete; hind tarsi evidently
shorter than the tibiae but not approaching the brevity seen in
brevitarsis. Length 22.5-26.5 mm.; width 9.0-10.5 mm. North
Carolina (Southern Pines), — Manee. Four homogeneous examples.

oblongus n. sp.

5 — Body very large and convex, the humeral carinae very short. Form
extremely stout, deep black and highly polished throughout, the
lateral margins without trace of color; head very large, more than
three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the labrum short, transverse,
very coarsely and deeply, longitudinally plicate throughout, the
median part of the apex extremely broadly, feebly and evenly ar-
cuate between the slightly more advanced and narrow, rounded lateral
lobes, the two lateral punctures very small, the two medial minute at
very near the apical margin; mandibles coarsely plicato-strigose
but medially only; prothorax very transverse, not quite twice as
wide as long, the sides rounded, becoming strongly convergent behind
the middle and parallel for a short distance before the basal angles,
which are right and sharp, the marginal groove continuing to the base
and narrowly along the latter to outer fourth, the stria distinct, the

78 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

subbasal impressions large, shallow, prolonged obliquely nearly to
the basal angles; elytra but just visibly longer than wide, the sides
rounded, less so basally, the surface with widely separated geminate
series of very small and feeble punctures, the wider separating lines
broadly and very feebly convex, becoming gradually narrower and
stronger laterally; hind tarsi about as long as the tibiae. Length
34.0 mm.; width 14.0 mm. Florida — Levette collection.

strenuus Lee.

A — Similar but smaller, similar in form and in the shining lustre, the
lateral margins faintly violaceous; head not quite so large pro-
portionally, the mandibles similar, but the labrum differs de-
cidedly, the middle lobe not plicato-strigose but smooth, much
narrower, with its apex evenly and more strongly rounded and
separated from the equally advanced lateral lobes by deep and
narrow sinuosities, the small median punctures not so near the
apex; prothorax nearly similar, except that the parallel part of the
sides before the basal angles is very much shorter and differing
very markedly in having the basal groove continuous throughout
the entire width; elytra nearly similar in form but with the punc-
tures of the geminate series much stronger and very distinct, the
double series separated by rather strongly elevated ridges, which
are as usual gradually feebler toward the suture; hind tarsi nearly
similar though a little more slender. Length 29.5 mm.; width 12.4
mm. Florida. A single example from an unrecorded source.

robustus n. subsp.
Body less convex and very much smaller in size, the humeral carina

long, evenly continuous with the inner lateral ridge 6

6 — Entire surface of the elytra deeply, coarsely, closely and almost evenly
sulcate, the furrows equal in width to the ridges, slightly alutaceous
and each with two series of fine and feeble punctures. Body sub-
depressed, elongate-oval, black with strong violaceous lustre through-
out above, deep black beneath, the anterior parts having a faint
violet-blue lustre; head very moderate, not three-fifths as wide as
the prothorax, the two impressions distinct but narrow; mandibles
smooth, with a few striations near the tooth; labrum nearly smooth,
with two large excavations separating the three small lobes, the
median lobe slightly the more advanced, smooth and arcuato-
truncate; prothorax nearly one-half wider than long, about as
wide at base as at apex, the sides broadly lounded, very feebly
sinuate toward the right basal angles, the unusully narrow marginal
groove interrupted before the base, the groove along the basal margin
entire but not quite attaining the basal angles; surface with strong
median stria and four subbasal impressions, the inner elongate, the
outer near the angles and small; elytra about a fourth longer than
wide, the ridges subequal throughout the width, their black color
and shining lustre contrasting with the pure violet and duller inter-
spaces, the two lateral ridges not distinctly differentiated from the
others, the third and fifth of which gradually become obsolete
behind; posterior tarsi slender, about as long as the tibiae. Length

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID^ 79

20.0-22.0 mm.; width 8.4-8.8 mm. Florida (Palm Beach), —

Kinzel. Six mutually similar individuals floridanus n. sp.

Entire surface nearly smooth or with feeble obtuse ridges, the two outer
ridges always much stronger than any of the others; color deep black

above and beneath 7

7 — Elytra shining, very short, but just visibly longer than wide and only
a little more than half as long as the body. Form rather broadly
suboval, subdepressed, the lateral margins violaceous; head, man-
dibles and labrum nearly as in the preceding, except that the two
excavations separating the lobes of the labrum are smaller; prothorax
slightly shorter and more transverse, otherwise nearly similar, except
that the marginal bead is more thickened basally, the angles more
obtuseand blunt and the basal groove nearly interrupted submedially;
elytra with broad and feebly convex, more or less faint costae,
separated by lines which are fine suturally but broader externally,
with faint indications of double series of fine punctures, the two
external ridges more abrupt and stronger; tarsi a little thicker than
in floridanus, not quite as long as the tibiae. Length 21.0 mm.;
width 8.3-8.9 mm. Florida (locality not indicated and also in

Marion Co.) subsulcatus Say

A — Similar to subsulcatus but still smoother and more polished, rather
more narrowly suboval: margins black; head throughout nearly
similar; prothorax less rounded at the sides and not at all sinuate
before the subsimilar basal angles, nearly three-fourths wider than
long, the marginal groove far from attaining the base, the surface
broadly flattened toward the angles, the impressions moderate;
basal groove entire but coming far from attaining the angles;
lateral bead thick, much thickened posteriorly to the flattening
near the angles; elytra similar in form, the ridges barely traceable,
the external costae evident but not strong except the inner basally;
tarsi fully as long as the tibiae. Length 19.5 mm.; width 8.5 mm.
Florida (a single example from an unrecorded locality).

subnitens n. subsp.

Elytra opaque, a little longer, nearly a fourth longer than wide, much more
than half as long as the body; margins, impressions of the head and
prothorax and ba'se of the latter faintly violaceous. Head nearly as
in the preceding species, except that the median lobe of the labrum
is relatively a little wider and the two median of the setigerous foveae
are rather behind than before the middle of the length; prothorax
differing somewhat in form, less transverse and more rounded at
the sides, the latter basally becoming much more sinuate, parallel
and straight for a considerable distance before the angles, which are
a little more than right but sharp, scarcely one-half wider than long;
marginal bead much thickened basally, the groove almost attaining
the base, the basal groove much interrupted, very fine medially;
elytra almost perfectly smooth, the lines of very fine, well separated
punctures widely separated, barely traceable and apparently single,
the two outer ridges very evident but obtuse, the inner becoming
gradually acutely elevated basally as usual; hind tarsi about as long

8o MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

as the tibiae. Length 20.0 mm.; width 8.2 mm. Florida (a single
example from an unrecorded locality) opacipennis n. sp.

8 — Humeral carina long; elytra at base gradually more broadly sloping
outwardly at each side to the long carina, the punctures, when
present, in geminate series 9

Humeral carina short; elytra at base sloping convexly and evenly or
subevenly throughout the width to the basal margin; punctures,
when evident, arranged in single widely separated series or in gemi-
nate series 19

9 — Elytra with alternating strong and feeble ridges throughout the
width; sides of the prothorax broadly rounded to just before the
basal angles, where there is a very short sinuation 10

Elytra having the surface even and without lateral ridges; sides of the
prothorax varying in basal sinuosity; upper surface often rather
strongly depressed (cf ), a little more convex ( 9 ) n

Elytra smooth to moderately costulate but always having two conspicu-
ous lateral ridges; sides of the prothorax abruptly sinuate before
the sharp basal angles though only for a very short distance. . . . 18

10 — Body elongate-oval, rather depressed in both sexes, a little stouter
and with more shining and more convex head and pronotum in
the female, these being subopaque in the male, the elytra opaque in
both sexes, with the ridges shining; head large, with deep and linei-
form impressions, the mandibles partially strigose, rather more so
in the female; labrum short, subtruncate, sparsely and longitudinally
strigose, the strigae often effaced medially, where the median lobe
is very much broader than in the preceding groups and truncate or
feebly bilobed; prothorax rather more than one-half wider than long,
the base but little (cf ), or not at all (9 ), narrower than the apex,
the sides broadly rounded; basal angles right, rounded ( 9 ) or sharp
(cf); lateral bead narrow, only slightly thickened posteriorly and
continuing to the base; lateral groove feebly violaceous, rather wide,
still broader posteriorly but abruptly terminating some distance
before the base, the four subbasal impressions distinct; stria strong,
the basal groove irregular; surface depressed and opaque (cf),
convex and polished (9 ),. elytra two-fifths longer than wide, nearly
similar in the sexes, the intermediate ridges fine and faint, sometimes
wholly obsolete, always abbreviated, the two lateral ridges sharper;
lateral margin rather broadly concave, black or faintly violaceous;
posterior tarsi (cf) long, much longer than the tibiae, or ( 9 ) much
shorter and only four-fifths as long as the tibiae. Length (cf 9 )
27.0-30.0 mm.; width 10.0-11.0 mm. Florida. Five examples.

marginatus Fabr.

Body shorter and much stouter, with still greater sexual disparity,
moderately convex (cf), much stouter and strongly convex (9),
opaque throughout in both sexes, the elytral ridges much feebler,
the alternate ones less unequal and all, except the two marginal,
alutaceous and not shining as they are in the preceding; head
relatively not quite so large, less than three-fourths as wide as the
prothorax, the impressions not so deep, the labrum and mandibles
nearly similar, except that the middle lobe of the former is more

ClCINDELID^: AND CARABIDJE 8 1

advanced and more rounded though similarly wide; prothorax nearly
as in the preceding but more transverse and more convex and opaque
in both sexes, much less depressed in the male; elytra much shorter
and broader, more rounded at the sides, broader and more convex
in the female, the lateral margins still more broadly concave and
obscurely violaceous; hind tarsi (cf ) very long, much longer than the
tibiae, which are without brush of hair, or ( 9 ) shorter and thicker,
not quite as long as the tibiae. Length (cf ) 28.0-29.0, ( 9 ) 28.0-30.5
mm.; width (cf) 11.0-11.4, (9) 11.7-12.5 mm. North Carolina

(Southern Pines), — Manee crassus n. sp.

II — Body broad and stout in outline 12

Body much narrower and more elongate 15

12 — Sides of the prothorax moderately converging and feebly sinuate

toward base, the angles acute and subabruptly slightly prominent

(cf), or more obtuse and distinctly blunt (9). Body broad, very

moderately convex (cf), or much more distinctly so (9), rather

shining, deep black, smooth, with moderately wide blue lateral

margins; head with distinct impressions, the labrum trilobed, the

median lobe rather short and broad; mandibles smooth (cf) or

partially strigose ( 9 ) ; prothorax transverse, two-thirds wider than

long, evidently narrower at base than at apex, the sides rather

strongly rounded, moderately converging basally, the median pair

of subbasal impressions distinct, the outer nearly obsolete, the stria

fine, the marginal bead attaining the base; elytra two-fifths longer

than wide, rounded broadly at the sides, gradually obliquely narrowed

behind to the rather acute apex, the surface perfectly smooth, without

trace of punctures, rather abruptly declivous at the sides to the

moderately wide margins; posterior tarsi (cf ) very long and slender,

much longer than the tibiae which are without internal brush of hairs,

or (9) shorter though slender and about as long as the tibiae.

Length 25.0-28.0 mm.; width 10.8-11.2 mm. Atlantic regions.

[complanatus Gmel., lavis Lee.] Rather common. . . depressus Fabr.

A — Similar to depressus but a little narrower, having a similar blue

lateral margin, the median lobe of the labrum more abruptly

smooth at apex and more evidently bilobate, the mandibles

smooth in both sexes or never with more than a few feeble stri-

ations near the tooth and then only visible in the female; prothorax

evidently less transverse, the basal angles sharp and slightly

everted in both sexes; posterior tarsi (cf ) stouter, evidently longer

than the tibiae, or ( 9 ) much shorter and more slender, very much

shorter than the tibiae. Length 27.5 mm.; width 10.8-11.0 mm.

North Carolina (locality unrecorded). [P. limb. Zimm. — Bull.

Buf. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 271] limbatus Zimm.

B — Similar to depressus but a little larger and notably stouter; head
similarly rather large, the median lobe of the labrum short and
rather broad, the mandibles feebly and partially striate in both
sexes; prothorax similar but more transverse, about three-fourths
wider than long, the basal angles right and rather sharp in both
sexes; elytra similar but a little more convex and not complet

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

82 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

impunctate as in the two preceding, but with broadly subgeminate

series of very fine punctures, generally distinct but sometimes

becoming obsolete; tarsi not quite so elongate, with the same

sexual differences; lateral margins rather broadly bright violet,

not at all blue. Length 25.5-29.5 mm.; width 10.0-12.2 mm.

North Carolina (Southern Pines), — Manee . . carolinensis n. subsp.

Sides of the prothorax and general features nearly as in depressus but

a little smaller, not quite so stout, somewhat more convex and more

polished black, the head nearly similar, the mandibles as in depressus,

the labrum nearly similar; prothorax much shorter, four-fifths wider

than long, the subbasal impressions shorter and deeper, the more

lateral wholly wanting, with the surface even and convex; elytra

distinctly narrower and more convex, impunctate though with feeble

vestiges of costae, which become wholly obsolete laterally; hind

tarsi in the type slender, fully as long as the tibiae or a little longer;

lateral margins more deeply concave, violet in color. Length 26.5 *

mm.; width 10.4 mm. Pennsylvania (Carlisle Junction), — A. B.

Champlain. A single example, probably male. . . champlaini n. sp.

Sides of the prothorax more converging posteriorly, becoming strongly

sinuous, so that the sides are parallel for a considerable distance

from the angles 13

13 — Elytra without trace of serial punctures, the lateral margins black.
Surface shining, the form narrower than in depressus or its related
forms; mandibles perfectly smooth, the labrum transversely truncate
throughout the width, with scarcely a trace of lobation; lineiform
depressions of the head rather broadly impressed; prothorax one-
half wider than long, the lateral groove deeply attaining the basal
angles, the basal groove strong, equal and entire, attaining the angles;
stria fine, the middle pair of subbasal impressions alone visible and
rather feeble; elytra oval, with rounded sides, two-fifths longer than
wide; hind tarsi in example at hand slender, about as long as the
tibiae. Length 26.0 mm.; width 10.0 mm. North Carolina (Ashe-
ville). A single specimen apparently but not certainly male,

taken by the writer morio Lee.

Elytra with geminate series of punctures, the side margins colored. ... 14
14 — Body large, shining and much depressed, more so than in depressus,
rather less depressed in the female as usual, the hind tibiae (cf) with a
large internal brush of dense hairs at apex, deep black, with broad
and strongly violet concave side margins; head much larger than in
depressus or allies, the two impressions deep, the mandibles (cf)
partially strigose, with unusually long slender part beyond the tooth,
or ( 9 ) smaller, with shorter apical part and strigose almost through-
out; labrum with very broad and feeble median lobe; prothorax one-
half wider than long, the lateral groove lost at base in a large depres-
sion extending from the subbasal median impressions toward the basal
angles, the stria fine; basal groove nearly entire, lost at the angles;
elytra formed nearly as in depressus but still broader and more
rounded at the sides, the punctures of the series extremely fine and
rather widely spaced but apparently always visible; hind tarsi (d71)
rather slender, almost as long as the tibiae, or ( 9 ) a little stouter and

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID/E 83

distinctly shorter. Length 29.0-32.0 mm.; width 11.5-12.4 mm.
Indiana. Three examples from the Levette collection.

punctulatus Hald.

Body much less inflated and relatively less depressed, shining, deep black,
the side margins rather narrower, violaceous; head relatively
smaller, the mandibles smooth in the type, the terminal part of the
left slender, moderate in length, of the right broader and more
gradually acuminate; median lobe of the labrum broad, evenly
rounded, the lateral lobes obsolete and with the edge transverse;
impressions of the vertex strong; prothorax not quite one-half
wider than long, much narrower at base than at apex and rela-
tively narrower at base than in the preceding, the sides parallel
for a long distance from the distinct and right basal angles; grooves
and impressions nearly as in mono; elytra narrower and less rounded
at the sides than in the preceding, the series geminate only internally,
equally but similarly closely spaced externally, the punctures well
spaced in the series and rather large and strongly impressed, con-
spicuous, the humeral carina feebly prolonged in a slightly more
evident line at the upper limit of the flanks but without trace of a
more lateral ridge; series of granuliferous setigerous punctures of
the concave side margins unusually strong and close-set; hind tarsi
in the type only moderately slender and about as long as the tibiae,
the latter without brush of hair internally. Length 28.0 mm.;
width 10.7 mm. Missouri (St. Louis). A single example of unde-
termined sex, though probably male, was taken by the writer in the
suburbs sinuatus n. sp.

15 — Sides of the prothorax very moderately converging posteriorly, and,
toward the angles, becoming only very broadly and feebly sinuate,
the angles however sharply marked 16

Sides of the prothorax strongly converging posteriorly, with a long strong
basal sinus, the sides becoming straight and parallel for a considerable
distance before the angles, which are right and sharply marked. . 17

16 — Form elongate, suboval, moderately convex, nearly similar in the
sexes, except that the female has the elytra slightly more elongate
and more parallel toward base, deep black, shining, the margins
bluish-violaceous and rather wide; head large, three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, the mandibles well developed, finely strigose,
partially (cf) or almost wholly (9), the former having the slender
apical part a little more prolonged; labrum with a rather broad,
rounded or feebly bilobate median lobe; linear impressions deep;
prothorax barely one-half wider than long, the base much narrower
than the apex; marginal and basal grooves not quite attaining the
angles, the basal strong and even; single pair of subbasal impressions
distinct; elytra oval, with rounded sides (cf), oblong-oval (9),
smooth, only rarely exhibiting geminate series of very small and
feeble punctures; tarsi (c?) long, distinctly longer than the tibia?,
which are densely pubescent within apically, or ( 9 ) a little more
slender, much shorter and subequal in length to the tibia?, which have
fewer bristling hairs within apically. Length 26.0-28.5 mm.;

84 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

width 9.5-10.0 mm. Iowa (Keokuk), Missouri (St. Louis), Kansas

and Oklahoma. Abundant elongatus Lee.

Form more abbreviated and more convex, smaller in size, similarly deep
black and strongly shining, the margins narrower, and, on the elytra,
less concave and black tinted with very faint violaceous; head and
mandibles relatively smaller; median lobe of the labrum broad but
much less rounded, the flanking sinuses much less evident; mandibles
finely and only partially strigose; prothorax much shorter, two-
thirds wider than long, convex, the grooves similar, the two subbasal
impressions deeper and more lineiform; elytra oblong-oval, shorter,
two-fifths longer than wide, rather strongly convex, very smooth
though with traces of series of minute and widely spaced punctures
posteriorly; hind tarsi ( 9 ) evidently shorter than the tibiae. Length
24.5 mm.; width 9.3 mm. Arizona. A single female example from

the Levette collection pimalis n. sp.

17 — Body smaller and still narrower than in elongatus, rather shining,
black, with wide and bright violaceous side margins; head relatively
large, nearly four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the mandibles
moderate, having a few medial strigae, the middle lobe of the labrum
broad, broadly subtruncate, not advanced beyond the sides, the
sinuses moderate; impressions strong as usual; prothorax not quite
one-half wider than long, the base evidently though not greatly
narrower than (he apex, the marginal and basal grooves coarse, entire
and attaining the angles, the stria and two subbasal impressions
rather deep; elytra oblong-oval, rather more than two-fifths longer
than wide, the sides moderately rounded; surface perfectly even but
with geminate series of fine and widely spaced but evident punctures,
in large part obsolete before the middle; long humeral carina strongly
flexed outward at base as usual in this section; hind tarsi (cf)
moderately slender, much longer than the tibiae, which have a short
brush of very coarse hairs within apically. Length 23.5 mm.;

width 9.0 mm. Nebraska. A single male angustulus n. sp.

A — Nearly similar but a little less slender and with relatively still
larger head, which is otherwise nearly similar throughout; violet
margins similarly broad and conspicuous; prothorax nearly
similar throughout though a trifle less transverse; elytra similar
but a little broader and slightly more convex, smooth, without evi-
dent trace of punctuation but having fine and extremely obsolete
longitudinal elevated lines, the one forming the prolongation of the
long humeral carina very evident though feeble to the apical
declivity; hind tarsi (cf1) much longer than the tibiae, the latter
with a long brush of close stiff hairs within apically, nearly as in
elongatus. Length 25.0 mm.; width 9.4 mm. A single male,
without indication of locality, from the Levette collection, prob-
ably collected in Colorado evanescens n. subsp.

Body still narrower and with much more oval, laterally rounded elytra,
very moderately convex, the surface of deeper and more glossy
black; elytral side margins narrower and black; head well developed
though barely three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the impressions
and mandibles as in the preceding but with the labrum decidedly

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID/E 85

different, the median lobe not so broad, tumid, more abruptly formed
and slightly more advanced, arcuato-truncate; prothorax smaller,
fully one-half wider than long, the grooves entire, the marginal
broad, the two impressions feebler than usual; elytra oval, with
arcuate sides to the base, nearly one-half longer than wide, the
surface smooth, with barely a trace of minute punctulation at any
part though with irregular polygons of very fine lines, as in many
other forms; hind tarsi (cf) evidently longer than the tibiae, which
have a moderate brush of stiff testaceous hairs internally at apex.
Length 23.5 mm.; width 9.0 mm. New Mexico (Las Vegas), —
Meeske. A single male example vegasensis n. sp.

Body similarly decidedly narrow though still more depressed, and with
the upper surface so highly polished as to appear varnished, deep
black, the side margins rather narrow and with an extremely faint
bluish-violaceous bloom; head and mandibles as in the preceding,
the labrum different, the median lobe very broad, nearly half as
wide as the labrum, not tumid, very evenly and feebly arcuate at
its broad apex, not more advanced than the sides, from which it is
separated by distinct though rather narrow sinuses; prothorax as in
vegasensis, much narrower at base than at apex, scarcely one-half
wider than long, the grooves nearly similar, the impressions a little
larger and stronger; elytra elongate-oval, with evenly arcuate sides
to the base, the surface very smooth, with barely a trace of geminate
series apically; hind tarsi (cf ) barely at all longer than the tibiae,
which have the usual internal brush of hairs characterizing the males
of the elongatus group. Length 26.0 mm.; width 9.0 mm. Kansas.
A single male vernicatus n. sp.

18 — Form moderately stout, oblong-oval, strongly convex, shining,
black, the side margins black and unusually narrow; head moderately
large, the impressions deep, the mandibles (cf) sparsely strigose
but only from the tooth to the base; labrum with the median lobe
strongly tumid, smooth, only moderately broad, rounded; prothorax
not quite one-half wider than long, very much narrower at base
than at apex, the lateral and basal grooves uniting at the angles,
the sides evenly arcuate; subbasal impressions widely separated,
moderate; elytra oblong-oval, rather blunt at apex, two-fifths longer
than wide, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate, rounding basally
and apically, equal in width to the prothorax as usual, convex, the
surface with geminate series of feeble punctures, obsolescent sutur-
ally, stronger laterally, the double series separated by lines scarcely
visibly elevated inwardly but distinct laterally, the two at the
summit of the flanks abruptly strong and conspicuous, confluent
at the end of the long humeral carina; hind tarsi (c?) about as long
as the tibiae. Length 25.0 mm.; width 9.0 mm. Kansas (Dodge
City), — Knaus duplicatus Lee.

Form much stouter, larger in size, rather more alutaceous, deep black,
the margins similarly narrow and black; head relatively smaller, two-
thirds as wide as the prothorax, the mandibles and labrum nearly
similar; prothorax larger and more transverse, convex, three-fifths
wider than long, the impressions and grooves nearly similar; elytra

86 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

broader but of similar oblong-oval parallel obtuse form and convex
surface, perfectly smooth throughout and with scarcely a trace of
sculpture, except the two lateral ridges, which are often as pro-
nounced and conspicuous as in duplicates, the inner sometimes less
elevated; hind tarsi (cf ) notably thick, rather longer than the tibiae,
which have numerous stiff pallid hairs internally and especially
toward tip, or ( 9 ) much more slender though but little shorter and
barely as long as the tibiae. Length 26.0-27.5 mm.; width 10.2-

10.3 mm. Texas costifer Lee.

19 — Body very stout, convex, large in size, deep black, rather shining,
very seldom with evident colored margins; hind tibiae (cf ) with a

more or less dense brush of hairs internally at apex 20

Body much narrower, smaller in size, the hind tibiae (cf ) never much

more conspicuously pubescent within 23

20 — General outline somewhat as in depresses, the elytra normally elon-
gate, the antennae rather long as usual 21

General outline much more abbreviated, the elytra unusually short for
this section of the genus, between a third and fourth longer than
wide; antennae short, the outer joints but little longer than wide. .22
21 — Elytra oblong-oval, the sides less rounded; head very large, the
labrum trilobed, the median lobe slightly the widest; mandibles
(cf) only partially strigose, the apical part slender, moderately
prolonged; impressions deep and long; prothorax fully one-half wider
than long, widest near apical third, the rounded sides moderately
converging posteriorly, becoming broadly sinuate basally and straight
for a moderate distance before the right and sharp angles; base
evidently but not greatly narrower than the apex, the marginal groove
rather narrow, not attaining the base, the basal groove strong, sub-
entire, the impressions rather strong, partially uniting with a smaller
impression near the basal angles; elytra two-fifths longer than wide,
the margin rather narrower than in impressus, black; surface even
and with geminate series of rather strong, very distinct, impressed
punctures; hind tarsi (cf ) rather stout, distinctly shorter than the
tibiae, which have the coarse hairs of the internal apical brush dense
and fulvous. Length 32.5 mm.; width 13.0 mm. Texas.

californicus Chaud.

A — Similar but rather more shining, the strigation of the mandibles finer
and less close; margins black; prothorax a little more transverse,
three-fifths wider than long, otherwise similar, except that the
subbasal impressions are very feeble; elytra similar in form but
wholly impunctate; hind tarsi (cf ) longer, fully as long as the
tibiae, the internal brush of which is black or blackish in color and
not fulvous. Length 30.5 mm.; width 12.5 mm. Texas (El

Paso), — Dunn transversus n. subsp.

B — Rather narrower and more parallel than either of the preceding,
the mandibles (cf) closely strigose, becoming smooth apically,
probably wholly strigose in the female; prothorax less transverse,
barely one-half wider than long, of the same general form and with
the impressions nearly as strong as in californicus; elytra less
rounded at the sides and with still narrower margin, impunctate,

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID^ 87

less convex than in either of the preceding, the margins black,
with the faintest possible bluish tinge; hind tarsi (c?) still longer,
evidently longer than the tibiae, the brush of hair fulvous as in
calif ornicus. Length 30.5 mm.; width 11.7 mm. Texas.

validus Lee.

Elytra broadly oval, more rounded at the sides, the margins throughout
wider, as in depressus and bright violaceous-blue; head very large,
the mandibles and labrum as in californicus, the median lobe of the
latter a little more truncate or feebly bilobate; prothorax one-half
wider than long, of different form, being more narrowed toward
base and widest but little before the middle, the base much narrower
than the apex; lateral and basal grooves attaining the angles, which
are right and very sharp, the sides parallel near them for a moderate
distance; impressions deep, strongly united with the impressions
near the angles and also prolonged inwardly somewhat; elytra evenly
oval, only moderately convex, smooth and impunctate; hind tarsi
(cf ) long and stout, much longer than the tibiae, the dense inner
brush of the latter pale fulvous. Length 31.5 mm.; width 12.0 mm.

Texas (locality unrecorded) cephalotes n. sp.

Elytra as in the preceding but somewhat more narrowed basally, much
smaller in size, deep black, the margins without the faintest indi-
cation of color and narrow as in validus, the pronotal margin even
narrower; head smaller than in any of the four preceding, scarcely
three-fourths as wide as the prothorax; antennae (9 ) much shorter,
the mandibles strigose throughout; prothorax one-half wider than
long, widest near apical third, the sides sinuate basally to the right
and very sharp basal angles, the lateral and basal grooves entire,
attaining the angles; impressions deep, the juxtangular very faint;
elytra oval, with rounded sides, sensibly wider than the prothorax,
the surface smooth, even and impunctate; legs rather short. Length
24.5 mm.; width 10.2 mm. New Mexico (Jemez Springs). A

single female, sent by Mr. John Woodgate acomanus n. sp.

22 — Form stout, convex, shining, deep black throughout, the side
margins narrow, not at all tinted; head moderate, smaller than in
the preceding group but otherwise similar, except that the antennae
are much shorter in both sexes; mandibles partially strigose; pro-
thorax shorter, two-thirds wider than long, the base but little
narrower than the apex; sides moderately converging behind, be-
coming broadly and rather feebly sinuate to the basal angles, which
are right and sharp; marginal and basal grooves entire, attaining
the angles, the impressions moderate or rather shallow, the stria
well impressed; elytra a little wider than the prothorax, broadly
oval, with rounded sides, the surface even, having geminate series
of distinct punctures (9), to smooth and punctureless (cf); hind
tarsi (cf ) about as long as the tibiae, the brush of hairs of the latter
rather short and stiff, pale fulvous and not very dense, much less
developed than in the preceding group, or ( 9 ) a little more slender
though about as long as the tibiae, the legs a little shorter than in
the male. Length 25.5-27.5 mm.; width 10.6-11.3 mm. Texas
(locality unrecorded) corpulentus Lee.

88 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Form stout but a little more elongate, similar in color and lustre; head
and labrum nearly similar; mandibles very different, not much shorter
than the median line of the head, as they are in both sexes of cor-
pulentus, but very much longer, as long as the head and covered
throughout, except the extreme point, with a dense system of pe-
culiarly anastomosing and very deep strigae on the left, but with
much more separated and less extended strigae on the right, mandible,
the toot -like inner prominence just beyond the large medial tooth
strong and conspicuous, a little larger on the right than on the left
mandible; prothorax much less transverse, rather less than one-half
wider than long, the sinus at base more distinct, the angles less than
right, sharp and somewhat everted; grooves and sulci almost similar;
elytra slightly less abbreviated, nearly a third longer than wide,
almost perfectly smooth and even, the concave side margin narrow;
hind tarsi (c?) as long as the tibiae, the internal brush of the latter
rather short and only moderately dense. Length (excluding man-
dibles) 28.0 mm.; width 11.7 mm.; length of mandibles 5.0 mm.
Arizona (probably southern) obesus n. sp.

23 — Humeral carina short but not descending, its form as in the cali-
fornicus group preceding; body moderately convex, deep black,
shining, the lateral margins always black, the concave side margins
of the elytra unusually narrow; hind tarsi rather stout, about equal
in length to the tibiae in both sexes, the tibiae without any evident
internal brush in the male; punctures when present in single series,
except near the sides, where they become more or less evidently
geminate 24

Humeral carinae excessively short, descending to the basal margin;
lateral margins broader, colored; general habitus widely diverse. .26

24 — Sides of the prothorax converging posteriorly but with the basal
sinus rather feeble and short; elytra more gradually acuminate and
prolonged apically. Body small, narrowly elongate-oval, rather
convex; head rather small, the impressions linear, deep, the median
lobe of the labrum narrow, tumid, smooth and strongly rounded;
mandibles very moderate, the left rather closely, the right more
sparsely and restrictedly, strigose; prothorax fully one-half wider than
long, the base evidently but not greatly narrower than the apex;
marginal bead much thicker basally, the groove and basal furrow
entire, attaining the angles, which are right, the impressions small
but deep; elytra nearly one-half longer than wide, oval, subequal
in width to the prothorax, the sides broadly rounded, not more
converging basally, the surface smooth and impunctate, even
throughout, except that there are a few feebly raised lines, more
visible apically but not externally. Length 22.0 mm.; width 9.0
mm. A single example, without indication of locality, from the
Levette collection and probably taken in Colorado, .acuminatus n. sp.

Sides of the prothorax more converging posteriorly, the base narrower,
evidently narrower than the apex, the sinus longer and stronger, the
sides parallel and either straight or sinuate for some distance before
the basal angles; elytra more obtusely and rapidly pointed
behind 25

ClCINDELIDyE AND CARABID/E 89

25 — Form moderately stout, rather convex, the side margins narrow;
head very moderate in size, the mandibles rather small, partially
strigilate, the labrum as in acuminates and the two following;
impressions moderate; prothorax a little more than one-half wider
than long, the base evidently but not at all pronouncedly narrower
than the apex, the grooves entire, uniting at the sharply right angles,
the impressions deep, linear; elytra equal in width to the prothorax,
fully two-fifths longer than wide, moderately acuminate at tip,
very narrowly margined; surface with widely spaced and slightly im-
pressed single striae of distinct punctures, with a strong lateral ridge
in prolongation of the humeral carina and another near and im-
mediately exterior to it equally pronounced, both extending to the
apical declivity, also, just within the principal ridge, a wide and feeble
ridge separating the two outer dorsal series of punctures, which are
irregularly somewhat geminate. Length 22.0 mm.; width 8.5 mm.
Colorado obsoletus Lee.

Form stouter, similarly black, shining, with very narrow side margins
and evidently larger head, the mandibles moderate and having only a
few strigae; labrum similar; impressions broader and deeper; an-
tennae notably more elongate; prothorax still more transverse,
three-fifths wider than long, the grooves nearly similar, the impres-
sions short, linear and deep, the small juxtangular impression deep,
wholly disconnected from the median pair as in obsoletus; elytra
broader, convex, smooth and even, having very faint and widely
spaced single series of obsolescent punctures, which become geminate
laterally and having barely a trace of the strong lateral ridges of
obsoletus; in some specimens even these vestigial series of punctures
are wholly invisible, the surface very smooth and even throughout.
Length 22.5 mm.; width 8.8-9.0 mm. New Mexico, — F. H. Snow;
Texas (El Paso — Dunn and Marfa — Wickham). . . vestigialis n. sp.

Form more elongate, much larger in size, the head still larger, the side
margins scarcely at all less narrow; mandibles moderate, in great
part strigose (9 ), or with only a small area of oblique strigae near
the middle (cf); impressions similar; antennae rather long, much
shorter in the female; prothorax less transverse, barely one-half
wider than long, the grooves and impressions nearly similar, the
median pair of the latter more dilated inwardly at their posterior
ends; elytra more elongate, nearly one-half longer than wide, even
and very smooth throughout, seldom with the faintest trace of
punctulation at any point; legs (cf ) moderately long, the tarsi very
nearly as long as the tibiae and rather stout, the tibiae with only
about ten widely spaced stiff hairs within, or ( 9 ) distinctly shorter
throughout, the members similarly proportioned and the bristling
hairs similar. Length 23.0-25.0 mm.; width 9.3-9.8 mm. Arizona
(San Bernardino Ranch and Douglas, Cochise Co.; also from an
unrecorded part of the state). A good series of six specimens, very
homogeneous among themselves atronitens n. sp.

26 — Form rather depressed, elongate, black, shining; prothorax with the
lateral and basal margins bright brassy-green, shorter than wide,
the sides rounded and narrowly margined posteriorly, very briefly

90 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

sinuate, the basal angles small and right; elytra subplanate, sub-
ovate, posteriorly subacute, with geminate series of punctures,
the lateral and basal margins bright brassy-green, the margin more
reflexed toward base; humeral carina excessively short, almost
wanting; posterior tarsi not at all longer than the tibiae. Length
27 mm. Mexico (Sonora), — Schott. A single example.

*viridans Lee.

A — Form very elongate-oval and more depressed than in any of our
other species of the genus, black, moderately shining to subopaque
or very strongly alutaceous throughout above; margins of the
prothorax and elytra as in viridans but bright emerald green,
not at all brassy, the broad basal green fascia of the elytra widely
interrupted medially; head moderately large, the impressions
long, deep, the middle lobe of the labrum prominent and truncate,
the mandibles as long as the median line of the head, partially
strigose, the left the more strongly and closely strigate, differing
but little sexually, the right with a small tooth beyond the large
one, which is wholly wanting on the left mandible; prothorax
one-half wider than long, much narrower at base than at apex
but less so in the female, only very feebly convex, the sides almost
evenly rounded, with a small abrupt sinus at the very sharp and
right basal angles; base almost transversely truncate, the groove
fine; impressions very feeble; elytra elongate, fully one-half
longer than wide, oval, moderately acuminate, the reflexed margin
rather wide, only feebly concave; surface throughout smooth,
without vestige of punctuation; hind tarsi (cf ) very long, much
longer than the tibiae, the latter with a moderate brush of hair
within, or ( 9 ) much shorter though a little longer than the tibiae.
Length (excluding mandibles) 25.5-26.0 mm.; width 9.8-10.2
mm. Arizona. Levette collection. Four homogeneous examples.

ambiens n. subsp.

Form still narrower and very convex, extremely smooth and polished,
with rather narrow purplish side margins; head rather small, nearly
as in ambiens throughout, except that the mandibles are shorter
and more strongly and almost completely strigose; antennae short
in the type, which is apparently female; prothorax only two-fifths
wider than long, the sides parallel and rather feebly arcuate in
anterior two-thirds, then converging to the very short basal sinus,
the angles right and very sharp; lateral groove narrow, not attaining
the angles, the basal groove of all the other species wholly wanting;
two subbasal impressions rather feeble, the stria strong; elytra
elongate-oval, rather acuminate, equal in width to the prothorax,
the sides broadly and evenly arcuate; concave margins narrow,
broader basally. having the usual row of setigerous punctures;
surface convex, very deeply and rapidly declivous at the sides,
feebly concave along the suture, extremely smooth and glossy but
with widely spaced series of fine and very feeble punctures, the series
geminate laterally; humeral carina almost wanting; hind tarsi in
the type rather stout, somewhat longer than the tibiae, the legs rather

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID/E 9!

short. Length 23.0 mm.; width 8.7 mm. Mexico (Colonia Garcia,
Chihuahua), — C. H. T. Townsend *perpolitus n. sp.

The form identified above as assimilis Lee., is decidedly distinct
from sttblcBvis in many ways and may be of specific value. Robustus
is almost certainly a true species, differing from strenuus, not only
in its smaller size, relatively smaller head and strong elytral sculp-
ture, but in the form of the labrum and basal groove of the pro-
thorax, both to a rather radical degree and also in its somewhat
shorter tarsi; but it is left as a subspecies because the comparison
has been made between single specimens, some of the characters
mentioned perhaps being inconstant, though it is only fair to say
that where large series are at hand of any particular species, no great
inconstancy is evident. My two examples representing subsulcatiis
Say, differ somewhat; the one from Marion Co., is distinctly
narrower than the one assumed to be typical and has much more
obsolescent elytral sculpture, this alone being rather indecisive
perhaps, but the pronotum is not so flattened near the angles, the
lateral bead continuing visibly to the latter. In the former speci-
men the four large setigerous fovese of the labrum are all strong,
distinct and equal among themselves; in the latter, however, there
is no trace whatever of the lateral foveae and the median ones are
very small and more advanced in position; the median lobe also
is less strongly rounded. No definite conclusion can be formulated
from such a character based upon single specimens however, and
some others of the labral features mentioned would appear to be
individually aberrational; they would be most surprising if con-
firmed by series.

The species of the marginatus group are peculiar in the marked
sexual disparity in outline and convexity of the body, this being
visible also, though to a slighter degree, in the depressus group.
Pimalis is quite distinct from elongatus in its small mandibles, short
prothorax and other features, but the four forms angustulus,
evanescent, vegasensis and vernicatus are more closely allied, and,
although easily differentiated on sight and differing in the structure
of the labrum, form of the elytra and other characters, are of rather
indeterminate status at present. Although the first two might
be considered provisionally as subspecies of elongatus, I should be
inclined to consider the last two both as fully valid species. There

92 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

seems to be a real and constant difference in the lateral contour of
the prothorax toward the basal angles between all four of them and
elongatus.

Duplicatus and costifer, as shown by the convex and obtuse form
of body, peculiar outline of the prothorax, narrow side margins
and twin lateral carinae of the elytra — as well as the long humeral
carinse of the depressus and elongatus groups distinguishing them
from any of the obsoletus group,- — form a natural and isolated
division of the genus; they differ from each other specifically and
are not related subspecifically, as very conservatively maintained
by LeConte in later years.

The El Paso male and Marfa female, which I have placed provi-
sionally with the type of vestigialis, are probably different, forming
at least a subspecies; they do not have a trace of the faint lines of
punctures seen in the New Mexican type, taken by Prof. Snow, and
are a little more convex. I am also of the opinion that the two very
smooth and impunctate examples, placed above with the rather
conspicuously punctate two typical specimens of corpidentus,
represent a closely allied but different taxonomic form. Larger
series are desirable however.

Viridans Lee., was said by the author (1. c.) to be a variety of
mexicanus, but this was contradicted by Bates in the "Biologia."
The form described above under the name ambiens, differs markedly
from viridans in sculpture, as well as some other characters, and
may be more than subspecifically different, for species in this group
having brilliant green margins, are probably not limited to mexi-
canus and viridans alone, although the peculiar coloration is of a
highly specialized type in the genus.

The left mandible is nearly always more strigose than the right
in this genus and the strigosity is limited to a smaller area in the
male than in the female ; there are also other singular sexual differ-
ences hitherto unobserved, mentioned above in several instances,
such as the general convexity of the upper surface in the depressus
group and the supplemental dentition of the mandibles in ambiens
and others. The complete absence of the basal groove of the pro-
notum in perpolitus — a character so universal in the genus — is an
interesting peculiarity of that species.

ClCINDELID^ AND CARABID/E 93

Promecognathus Chaud.

This genus is singularly out of position in the Munich catalogue
near Broscus; the mes-epimera broadly attain the middle coxae and
this, together with certain habital features, show that it should
not be far removed from Pasimachus and Scarites. There are few
genera in which the errors of the eye in comparative measurements
are so patent as here; for example, in most of the species it would be
stated with great certainty that the prothorax is longer than wide,
and, when this condition obtains, I will state '"apparently longer
than wide " ; but, when we come to make accurate measurements by
scale, it is seen that not only is this part not actually longer than
wide but generally quite the reverse. There are two divisions of the
genus as follows: ,

Elytra elongate-oval, the epipleura rather gradually and moderately
dilated at base 2

Elytra more abbreviated, the epipleura more rapidly and broadly ex-
panded at base 3

2 — Mandibles longer, straight, becoming decidedly arcuate only rather
beyond the middle; body deep black, polished; antennae rather short;
prothorax sinuously narrowed basally and apparently much longer
than wide; elytra evenly oval, a third wider than the prothorax,
nearly one-half longer than wide. Length (excluding mandibles
in all cases) 9.0-11.0 mm.; width 3.2-4.0 mm. California (coast
regions near San Francisco). Very abundant and varying con-
siderably in size laevissimus Dej.

Mandibles shorter, almost evenly arcuate from near the base to the apex;
body much smaller and distinctly more slender, piceo-rufous;
head relatively narrower; antennae still shorter; prothorax slender,
actually longer than wide; elytra more elongate, without trace of
striation. Length 8.0 mm.; width 2.5 mm. California (Sta. Cruz).

debilis Csy.

3 — Prothorax apparently longer than wide; head distinctly narrower than
the prothorax 4

Prothorax apparently as wide as long, actually much wider than long;
head very large, barely narrower than the prothorax 6

4 — Mandibles smaller, short, not as long as the head, the latter much
narrower than the prothorax, which is much expanded anteriorly,
broadly and feebly impressed at the sides of the base, the latter
parallel and straight for some distance as usual; base truncate,
three-fifths the maximum width, the angles right and sharp; elytra
almost one-half wider than the prothorax, oval, with rather distinct
though rounded humeri, not quite one-half longer than wide, with
fine and feeble, finely punctulate striae, obsolete except inwardly;
base of the epipleura a fifth wider than the diameter of the middle
coxae; male with a feeble close-set brush of hair internally toward

94 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

tip as in some Pasimachi. Length (cf) 9.7 mm.; width 3.8 mm.
California (Lake Co.), — Fuchs contractus n. sp.

Mandibles elongate, as long as the head and neck or very nearly 5

5 — Mandibles unusually long, fully as long as the head and neck, the
median tooth of the left rather abrupt and strong, of the right not
quite so developed; palpi slender and pale as usual; head with the
usual two longitudinal folds near the eye inclosing two setigerous
punctures; prothorax apparently longer than wide but actually a
little wider than long, formed as in the preceding; elytra two-fifths
wider than the prothorax, a third longer than wide, oblong-oval,
truncate at base, the humeri rather distinct and not broadly rounded;
surface convex, shining, with traces of very fine and obsoletely
punctulate striae suturally; basal part of the epipleura broader,
fully a fourth wider than the middle coxae; tibiae with feeble internal
brush in all the three examples at hand. Length 10.0-11.5 nim.;
width 3.9-4.5 mm. California (locality unrecorded), — Levette
collection crassus Lee.

Mandibles not quite so long and with the internal medial tooth of the
left very broad and obtuse; hind tibia in type with feeble brush of
short hairs, the penultimate antennal joint on the flat side nearly
three-fifths longer than wide and much narrowed basally from about
the middle; inner fold near the eye much broader, becoming narrow
posteriorly for a much shorter distance than in crassus; body through-
out broader than in crassus, the prothorax similar but larger and
similarly a little wider than the head but apparently barely at all
longer than wide; elytra larger, somewhat stouter but otherwise
nearly similar and with very fine vestigial striation; epipleura at base
rather more than a fourth wider than the middle coxae. Length
12.5 m .; width 4.9 mm. California (Monterey), — Dunn.

corpulentus n. sp.

6 — Body larger, very stout, deep black, shining; head very large, the
inner ridge broad, not cariniform though pointed posteriorly; man-
dibles slightly shorter than the head, with only the feeblest broad
swelling to indicate the median tooth — possibly in part through
wear; — prothorax large, apparently fully as wide as long, in general
form as in the other species; elytra large, not two-fifths wider than
the prothorax, a third longer than wide, broadly truncate at base,
with distinct though rounded humeri, the sides less arcuate than in
any of the three preceding; epipleura at base a fourth wider than
the middle coxae; hind tibiae in the type with a feeble short brush.
Length 13.5 mm.; width 5.0 mm. California (locality unrecorded).

grandiceps n. sp.

Sexual characters seem to be almost wanting, as in Pasimachus
and Scarites, and I am uncertain whether even the tibial brush
alluded to in the descriptions is truly a sexual character or not,
as it seems to be present in most of the specimens at hand, including
a large series of lavissimus, which is abundant in the suburbs of

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID/E 95

San Francisco. The species are to be mutually distinguished more
by general habitus than special modifications of a structural nature
— again as in Scarites.

Feronia Group.

About twenty-five years ago, the writer during a residence in
the Pacific districts, brought together a large amount of material
in Pterostichus and allied genera, including extended series of many
species, and, since that time, this collection has been considerably
augmented from all parts of the country. After identifying a
large proportion of the described species and confirming most of
the published synonymy, it is found that a very large part of this
material is still nondescript and it seems desirable that it should
be recorded in a systematic manner and the published types thus
rendered available for discussion and comparison in one of our
public museums. It is impossible to identify several of the species
of Mannerheim, Motschulsky and Chaudoir, and in case foreign
museums should be willing to lend such American museum the types
for study and observation, this direct comparison, which is the
only way to identify them, would forever banish the uncertainties
that have in great measure retarded progress and such synonymy
as might become evident could readily be recorded. It is hardly
advisable to cease all systematic work, merely because a consider-
able number of the older species cannot be identified and future
revelation of synonymy can do no great harm.

The genera erected by LeConte at the expense of Pterostichus, as
it exists in America (Proc. Acad. Phila., 1873, p. 302) are in my
opinion all valid, the weakest perhaps being Holciophorus. I would
modify the scope of the latter genus in such a way as to make the
peculiar habitus, which distinguishes ater from the other Ptero-
stichids, its principal raison d'etre, excluding therefore serripes,
which has the facies of planctus and tarsalis, and include with ater
the morionides, of Chaudoir, which has precisely the habitus of
ater and is principally distinguished therefrom by the unique and
highly specialized tarsi, the form of the latter not being suggested
by the tarsi of tarsalis, included with morionides in our lists as a
distinct genus — Hammatomerus Chaud. The three examples of
tarsalis at hand, taken on the shores of Lake Tahoe, have a facies

96 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

not at all different from that of serripes, planctus and herculaneus
and the emargination of the epistoma and labrum, alluded to by
LeConte, is only a broad and moderate sinuation from side to side,
frequently observable in other species of Pterostichus.

Holciophorus Lee.

This genus includes an unexpectedly large number of specific
forms. Ater Dej., was not correctly identified by LeConte, who
applied the name to the very large species, with fine striae, flat inter-
vals and more or less opaque elytra, of which there are a number at
present in collections. A reference to the original description of
Dejean (Spp. des Col. Ill, p. 339) shows that ater is entirely of a
rather shining black, with fine striae and flat intervals, and that it is
a much smaller species than those to which the name is usually
attached, being only 19 by 7 mm. in dimensions. The specimen
in my collection which I have selected to represent ater, is a female,
slightly larger than the measurements given by Dejean, but having
the prothorax, as stated, almost as long as wide; it is shining, with
the elytra subopaque — probably due in part to sex — and is from Port-
land, Oregon. The species, or possibly in some cases what may be
considered subspecies, before me may be known as follows:

Joints of the middle and hind tarsi gradually narrowed from apex to
base 2

Joints of the middle and hind tarsi constricted and pedicellate basally;
prothorax as in ater 6

2 — Sides of the prothorax becoming straight and nearly parallel for some
distance before the basal angles, which are right or very nearly so
though more or less blunt 3

Sides of the prothorax oblique and more feebly sinuate basally, the
angles distinctly obtuse and often very blunt 5

3 — Form slender, the head moderate, only a little more than half as
wide as the elytra, deep black, strongly shining, the elytra strongly
micro-reticulate and alutaceous; head scarcely two-thirds as wide
as the prothorax, the apical impressions deep but not large, the
epistoma and labrum only just visibly and broadly sinuate from side
to side; antennae moderately thick and compressed, gradually
brown distally; prothorax almost as long as wide, strongly narrowed
basally, the base rectilinearly truncate, a little more than two-thirds
the maximum width, the two latero-basal lineiform impressions form-
ing the lateral limits of a large deep impression; elytra more convex
than in any other, a fifth wider than the prothorax, two-thirds longer
than wide, the striae fine but evidently impressed and finely, not
closely but distinctly punctate, the intervals becoming rather strongly

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID^ 97

convex laterally, almost but not quite flat suturally ; hind tarsi rather
short, stout, the basal joint less than two and one-half times as
long as wide. Length (cf) 19.5 mm.; width 6.5 m. Vancouver
Island (Victoria) Vancouver! n. sp.

Form stouter, the head relatively larger, at least three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax 4

4 — Size smaller,1 deep black, shining, the elytra densely alutaceous and
rather dull in lustre; head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax,
the anterior impressions, as usual, lineiform and deep, the epistoma
broadly sinuate from side to side, the labrum broadly, angularly
emarginate medially; antennae extending well behind the thoracic
base, the first three joints black, the remainder having a brownish
tinge; prothorax but little wider than long, the base broadly sinuate
medially, two-thirds the maximum width, the latero-basal impressions
long and linear, separated by a shining, convex, scarcely depressed
surface, the basal marginal stria not extending inward beyond the
inner impression; elytra fully a fourth wider than the prothorax,
oblong-oval, fully three-fifths longer than wide, feebly convex, with
fine and feebly impressed, finely but distinctly punctate striae and
nearly flat intervals; hind tarsi rather long, moderately stout, the
first joint about three times as long as wide. Length ( 9 ) 23.0 mm. ;
width 8.2 mm. Oregon ater Dej.

Size large, rather stouter, similar in color and lustre; head (cf ) nearly
four-fifths, or ( 9 ) three-fourths, as wide as the prothorax, the
epistoma feebly, subangularly sinuate from side to side, the labrum
rather deeply sinuate in median half; antennae heavy and strongly
compressed, nearly one-half longer than the head and mandibles,
the latter with broad smooth longitudinal folds medially; prothorax
transverse, fully a fourth wider than long, the sides rounded,
strongly converging posteriorly, the base two-thirds the maximum
width, broadly and feebly sinuate medially, the impressions nearly
as in the preceding, except that the intervening surface is a little
more depressed though shining; elytra (d71) a sixth wider than the
prothorax and nearly three-fifths longer than wide, or ( 9 ) fully
a third wider than the prothorax and less than one-half longer
than wide, more broadly obtuse at apex but only a little more
opaculate, oblong-oval in both sexes, the striae fine, very finely
and rather remotely punctate, the intervals flat, feebly convex
laterally and distinctly so near the apex; hind tarsi rather long,
moderately stout, the basal joint fully three times as long as wide
in both sexes. Length (cf) 26.0-28.0, (9) 25.5 mm.; width (c?)
9.2-10.0, (9 ) 9-6 mm. California (Lake Tahoe) pollens n. sp.

5 — Mandibles bent inward at apex very obliquely and almost trans-
versely, having some long oblique smooth folds medially; coloration
and lustre as usual, the elytra a little more opaque; head four-
fifths as wide as the prothorax, the impressions not very deep and
not sharply defined, the epistoma very feebly sinuate from side
to side, the labrum rather deeply sinuate in median half; antennae
with the first four joints black, the remainder brownish; prothorax
T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

98 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

almost a third wider than long, the base rather strongly sinuate
medially, two-thirds the maximum width, the impressions as in
the preceding, the angles very obtuse and rather broadly rounded;
elytra unusually short and very feebly convex, oblong, parallel, with
broadly arcuate sides and very broadly obtuse apex, fully a fourth
wider than the prothorax and scarcely one-half longer than wide,
the striae very fine, scarcely at all impressed, except feebly at the
sides, very finely and remotely punctulate, the intervals flat; hind
tarsi as in the preceding, rather stout. Length (cf) 27.0 mm.;
width 9.8 mm. A single example marked "California" in the Levette
collection cephalus n. sp.

Mandibles bent inward much less obliquely at apex, the external angle
broadly rounded, their upper surface without evident long smooth
folds; hind tarsi of the usual stoutness but shorter than in either
of the preceding, the first joint barely two and one-half times as
long as wide; body similar in color, lustre and in feeble convexity
to the preceding; head a little less developed, only a little more than
two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, otherwise nearly as in cephalus
throughout; prothorax scarcely a fourth wider than long, a little
more transverse in the female, the base and impressions nearly
similar, the angles obtuse and only slightly blunt (cf ) but rounded
(9), the sides before them only feebly sinuate; elytra parallel,
with feebly arcuate sides and very obtuse apex, a fourth wider than
the prothorax and nearly three-fifths longer than wide, slightly
shorter in the female, the striae less fine and rather more distinctly
and usually more closely punctate, the intervals flat. Length (cf )
26.0, (9) 24.5 mm.; width (cf) 9.2, (9) 9-5 mm. Two examples
without locality label domitor n. sp.

6 — Form narrower and more elongate, rather more convex than any of
the preceding species except vanconveri, deep black and shining,
the elytra not dull in either sex; head large, four-fifths (cf ) to three-
fourths ( 9 ) as wide as the prothorax, the sides behind the eyes more
swollen and longer than in any of the preceding, the impressions and
antennae nearly similar, the epistoma slightly more impresso-
sinuate, but with the lower margin only feebly sinuate, the labrum
similarly sinuate medially, the mandibles smooth, not abruptly
inflexed apically; prothorax similar in form to the preceding, the
impressions almost similar; elytra about a sixth (cf) to nearly a
fourth ( 9 ) wider than the prothorax, three-fourths to three-fifths
longer than wide respectively, moderately convex, the striae fine,
feebly impressed, more deeply so laterally and with the punctures
so fine as to be obsolescent, the intervals feebly convex, rather
strongly so laterally and apically; hind tarsi stout, gradually feebly
tapering, nearly four-fifths as long as the tibiae, 'the joints slender at
base, abruptly and very strongly swollen in their apical halves, with
a constriction just before the expansion, the basal joint relatively
much shorter than in any of the preceding, the first four joints very
gradually and uniformly diminishing in length; male larger and
stouter than the female and with more developed head. Length

ClCINDELID.'E AND CARABID/E 99

(cf) 21.0, (9) 18.5-19.0 mm.; width (cT) 6.9, (9) 6.2 mm. Cali-
fornia (Placer Co.) morionides Chd.

The tarsal peculiarities in morionides are extremely marked, not
only in the form of the joints but in the relatively short basal joint,
but, in view of the marked similarity in general habitus of the body,
I cannot regard this as at all generic in significance, but only a
peculiar development in a special organ due to some isolated
feature of environment. Nearly all the species have the last
male ventral segment strongly carinate medially, the carina not
attaining the base and more prominently elevated near its anterior
limit, with the surface impressed along each side of the carina; this
carina varies but little from one species to another of the typical
Holciophori; it is however much shorter in cephalus than in domitor,
pollens or vancotweri, and, in domitor,ihe tuberculiform elevation is
at the centre of the disk, while in pollens it is far anterior to the
centre. In morionides, however, it is wholly obsolete, but, as it
reappears in a greatly modified form in certain species of Pterostichus,
such as serripes and adoxus, I do not think that it can be held to
possess generic value of any great weight, except in indicating groups
of species. At any rate, it is my conviction that general habitus
is by far the most important structural character for estimation of
genera in the difficult Feronia group.

Pterostichus Bon.

Among our species at present listed under this name, there are
several groups that could well be considered generic. In fact the
Munich catalogue has distributed many of them among such genera
as Argtttor, Omaseus, Steropus — erroneously including Evarthrus Lee.
— and Platysma, but in a manner very confusing and frequently
incorrect. However, as it would answer no good purpose to assign
the vast majority of our species to genera other than Pterostichtts,
until a general study of the species of the world could be undertaken,
I shall not attempt such partition except in a few cases.

The species of LeConte's first division, having no dorsal elytral
foveae, are extremely numerous on the Pacific coast and, though
closely allied among themselves, in many instances, can always be
recognized at a glance when juxtaposed in series. For convenience
of reference I would divide this section of the genus, which is entirely

ioo MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Pacific, excepting the Atlantic adoxus group, into several groups
based almost wholly upon general facies. These habital groups seem
to be entirely natural and clearly delimited subdivisions, as shown
when we come to examine their anatomy more in detail. Designating
these minor subdivisions by the names of certain well known species,
they can be recognized as once as follows:

Group I — planctus Lee.

The species of this group are as a rule peculiarly parallel in out-
line, with subrectilinear sides, the polished pronotum depressed to a
greater or less degree, generally nearly flat and subquadrate, never
strongly narrowed behind and having the latero-basal impression
large, elongate and unusually conspicuous; the lateral edges are
frequently crenulate in a feebly marked and irregular manner and
the elytral striae almost always deeply impressed, with strongly
convex intervals. This simply gives a general sketch of the group,
the species of which are very numerous and possibly identifiable
as follows :

Body more parallel, the elytra never more than just visibly wider than
the prothorax; hind tarsi shorter and usually much stouter, or at
least with the first joint always much shorter than the next two
combined, simple to very lightly grooved on the outer side; hind

tibiae (cf ) more or less crenulate internally throughout 2

Body less parallel, the elytra always rather distinctly wider than the
prothorax, the hind tarsi longer and more slender, with the first
joint always strongly grooved on the outer side and usually nearly

as long as the next two combined 9

2 — Larger species, not under 16 mm. in length 3

Smaller species, not exceeding 12 mm. in length 5

3 — Body deep black, slightly convex, rather dull in lustre; head two-
thirds as wide as the prothorax, the epistoma and labrum feebly and
evenly sinuate from side to side; antennae stout, attaining the thoracic
base, blackish, the basal joint dark rufous; prothorax slightly wider
than long, the sides broadly rounded, feebly converging and broadly,
feebly sinuate basally, the base sinuate medially, four-fifths the
maximum width, the impressions at each side broad and feeble,
subconfluent; elytra oblong-oval, one-half longer than wide, obtusely
but not abruptly rounded at apex, nearly a fifth wider than the
prothorax, the striae very fine, scarcely at all punctulate or impressed,
the intervals almost flat, convex laterally; hind tarsi short and not
very stout, the joints normal in form, narrowing basally and feebly
inflated apically; serrulation along the inner edge of the hind tibiae
unusually distinct though obtuse; female much smaller than the
male. Length (cf 9 ) 17.5-20.0 mm.; width 6.2-7.0 mm. Cali-
fornia serripes Lee.

ClCINDELID.E AND CARABID^E IOI

Body black but much more depressed, shining throughout in both sexes
and much more flattened on the upper surface, more explanate and

more broadly margined at the sides of the elytra 4

4 — Form elongate, parallel, not very intense black, the under surface
and legs frequently picescent; head not so large as in serripes, three-
fifths as wide as the prothorax, the epistoma and labrum similarly
broadly sinuate from side to side, the antennae not quite so long or
thick, scarcely extending to the thoracic base, rufescent at base;
prothorax widest anteriorly and about equal in width to the elytra,
moderately narrowed and broadly, feebly sinuate at the sides basally,
the base broadly and distinctly sinuate medially, four-fifths the
maximum width; surface almost flat, the median stria strong;
inner of the lateral impressions long, shallowly impressed, the outer
very short, more sharply impressed and bounded externally by a
small longitudinal ridge not extending quite to the hind angles;
elytra oblong, parallel, the sides barely at all arcuate, one-half longer
than wide, subcircularly rounded at tip, the humeri dentiform;
surface very depressed, broadly and feebly declivous laterally, the
striae rather strong, very deeply impressed, finely punctate, the
intervals all strongly convex, not at all crenated by the punctures,
which are fine and at the bottom of the striae; hind tarsi short, not-
ably stout, the joints as in the preceding but shorter and broader;
inner tibial crenulation of the male obtusely rounded but distinct.
Length (cT) 17.3-18.0 mm.; width 6.3-6.8 mm. California (Lake

Tahoe) tarsalis Lee.

Form much less elongate, similar in coloration and polished lustre; head
not quite two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, the epistoma, labrum
and antennae nearly as in tarsalis, except that the antennae are
scarcely at all paler at base; prothorax nearly a fourth wider than
long, formed throughout nearly as in the preceding; elytra much
shorter and relatively broader, two-fifths longer than wide and more
than a fourth wider than the prothorax, the parallel sides more
arcuate, the surface rather less depressed, less gradually declivous
toward the broadly concave margins; striae strong, very deeply
impressed, finely but strongly punctate, the punctures feebly cre-
nating the very convex intervals; tarsi almost similar, the crenelures
of the tibiae obsolete in the female as usual. Length ( 9 ) 17.0 mm.;

width 6.7 mm. California (Big Trees) sequoiarum n. sp.

5 — Elytra equal in width to the prothorax or but just visibly wider. .6

Elytra more oval, at the middle very evidently wider than the prothorax . 8

6 — Elytra with distinct violaceous lustre, black, strongly shining, elongate,

parallel, feebly convex; head moderate, only three-fifths as wide as the

prothorax, the anterior impressions rather fine, arcuate, the epistoma

and labrum barely visibly sinuate, the latter, as well as the palpi

and antennae except sometimes basally, obscure to paler testaceous;

prothorax about as long as wide, broadly rounded at the sides,

feebly, obliquely and subsinuously narrowing posteriorly, the base

nearly five-sixths the maximum width, broadly sinuate medially,

margined laterally, the angles sharp but rather more than right,

the inner of the lateral impressions strong, long and straight, the

IO2 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

outer very feeble, sometimes represented by a small isolated rounded
impression; elytra oblong, three-fifths longer than wide, the parallel
sides feebly arcuate, the humeri only very minutely denticulate;
stride fine, impunctate, rather -well impressed, the intervals feebly
convex inwardly, strongly so laterally; hind femora (cf) obtusely
and subangularly swollen beneath a little beyond the middle, the
tibiae feebly bent, the inner crenelures of the male very long, feeble
and wave-like, the tarsi only slightly stout, the outer groove of the
basal joint not attaining the apex. Length (cf) 11.8-12.5, (9)
10.0-11.7 mm.; width (cf) 4.2-4.6, (9) 3.9-4.25 mm. British

Columbia (Metlakatla) to Alaska amethystinus Dej.

A — Similar to the preceding but still narrower and with notably less
brilliant violaceous elytral lustre, the elytra nearly two-thirds
longer than wide, with still finer and less impressed striae, the inter-
vals usually nearly flat throughout the width, the hind legs similar,
except that the tarsal joints are slightly more constricted basally.
Length (cf) 10.3-12.0, (9) 9.5-11.2; width (cf) 3-65-4-3, (?)
3.5-4.15 mm. Northern California to Vancouver Island.

novellus n. subsp.

B — Similar to amethystinus but much smaller and more slender, with
the prothorax not about as long as wide but distinctly wider than
long and with more strongly arcuate sides, the fine line diverging
from the margin posteriorly and approaching the inner impression,
then abruptly turning outward to the extreme tip of the basal
angles, more distinct and sharply defined than it ever is in
amethystinus; elytra narrower, sometimes barely as wide as the
prothorax; hind tarsi more slender, with the joints less cordiform
but not so slender or with so rectilinearly triangular joints as
injejumis. Length ( 9 ) 8.7-9.8 mm.; width 3.15-3.6 mm. British

Columbia (Metlakatla), — Keen metlakatlae n. subsp.

Elytra without trace of violaceous lustre 7

7 — Form more broadly oblong, parallel, depressed, deep black and
strongly shining; head as in the preceding, the palpi testaceous, the
antennae and labrum piceous; impressions distinct, arcuate and very
strongly diverging posteriorly; prothorax almost as long as wide, the
sides broadly arcuate, obliquely and feebly converging posteriorly,
becoming not distinctly subsinuate basally, the angles finely, sub-
denticularly prominent; base and impressions as in the preceding,
except that the longitudinal impression is much shallower; elytra
much shorter, barely one-half longer than wide, the parallel sides
feebly arcuate, the striae rather fine but very deeply impressed
throughout, impunctate, the intervals all strongly and subequally
convex; legs short, the posterior (cf ) with the femora only feebly,
obtusely swollen beneath, the tibiae straight, strongly but obtusely
crenulate within except basally, the tarsi short and unusually stout,
the basal joint not quite twice as long as wide, with the external
groove very feebly impressed though entire. Length (cf ) 11.5-12.5
mm.; width 4.2-4.65 mm. California (Monterey), — Dunn.

obsidianus n. sp.
Form more elongate, nearly as in amethystinus but with longer elytra

CICINDELID.E AND CARABID/E 103

and differently impressed pronotum, black, feebly convex, shining;
head moderate, with very deep anterior impressions, the epistoma
and labrum broadly and feebly sinuate at tip; antennae piceous;
prothorax as in amethyst-inns, except that the external of the two
latero-basal impressions is not feeble and rounded but deep, elongate
and linear, with its external side cariniform, the angles nearly right
but slightly blunt, the inner longitudinal impression deep and strong;
elytra nearly three-fourths longer than wide, the sides parallel,
feebly arcuate, the striae fine, impunctate, feebly to strongly impressed
intero-externally, the intervals virtually flat to distinctly convex
correspondingly; humeri rather strongly denticulate; hind legs
missing in the type. Length ( 9 ) 12.5 mm. ; width 4.8 mm. British
Columbia. A single example sent by Prof. James F. Kemp.

scenicus n. sp.

Form still narrower and more elongate, smaller in size, strongly shining
and very pale yellowish-testaceous throughout in the type — prob-
ably from immaturity, although the integuments are full and firm
and with no indication of distortion on drying; — head three-fifths
as wide as the prothorax, the impressions fine, arcuate and diverging;
prothorax as long as wide, feebly convex, the sides broadly and
moderately arcuate, feebly converging but becoming not evidently-
more than straight basally, the angles slightly and minutely promi-
nent, sharp and right; base feebly sinuate medially, four-fifths the
maximum width; surface depressed and feebly rugulose between the
transverse impression and the base, with a larger feeble concavity
involving the latero-basal impressions, which are feeble, the inner
only a fourth the total length, the outer almost obsolete; elytra
elongate-oval, not evidently wider than the prothorax, broadly
rounded at the sides, rather acutely rounded at apex, three-fourths
longer 'than wide, the moderate impunctate striae rather deeply
impressed, the intervals feebly convex, strongly so laterad; humeral
denticle very small; scutellar stria long, joining the first stria at
a long distance behind the scutellum; legs moderate, the tibiae (cf )
feebly crenulate within, the tarsi rather stout, the basal joint shorter
than the next two, grooved at the side, the second not grooved.
Length (cf ) 11.5 mm.; width 3.7 mm. California (Sta. Cruz Mts.)-

arcanus n. sp.

j? — Body rather small in size and suboblong, feebly convex, shining,
piceous-black to black, the entire under surface, legs, antennae
and labrum piceo-rufous; head moderate, the impressions rather
shallow, diverging, the epistoma and labrum truncate; prothorax
slightly shorter than wide, the sides broadly arcuate, feebly oblique
posteriorly, becoming just visibly subsinuate near the angles, which
are more than right though minutely, subdenticularly prominent;
base feebly sinuate medially, margined laterally, the latero-basal
impressions moderate, the inner long but not very deep, the outer
small and almost obsolete; elytra oblong-oval, barely one-half longer
than wide, depressed above, strongly declivous laterad, with strong,
impunctate and deeply impressed striae and moderately convex in-
tervals, sometimes becoming nearly flat suturally; supplemental

IO4 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

basal stria rather long and distinct; hind legs (cf) scarcely modified,
the tarsi short,Jmoderately stout, the outer groove of the first joint faint
and coming far from attaining the apex. Length (cf 9 ) 9.4-10.7 mm. ;
width 3.4-3.8 mm. California (coast regions north of San Fran-
cisco), [scutellaris Lee.] brunneus Dej.

Body still smaller, elongate-suboval, rather strongly convex, black,
shining, the elytra alutaceous and with faint violaceous suffusion;
under surface, legs and antennae dark reddish-brown; head mod-
erate, the impressions deep, parallel, internally arcuate and extend-
ing to the line of the anterior limit of the eyes; labrum truncate, the
epistoma sinuato-truncate; prothorax in outline as in the preceding,
the inner of the two impressions rectilinear and sharply defined,
the outer almost obsolete; elytra oval, almost equally convex
throughout, rather more than one-half longer than wide and nearly
a fourth wider than the prothorax, striae fine though rather strongly
impressed, impunctate, the intervals feebly convex internally to
strongly so externally, the humeral denticulation extremely minute;
supplemental or scutellar stria short but distinct, oblique; hind
tarsi more slender than in any of the preceding species, the basal
joint much shorter than the next two combined, the external groove
shallow but entire, the fourth joint nearly one-half longer than
wide. Length (9) 8.7 mm.; width 3.2 mm. A single example
unlabeled in the Levette collection but undoubtedly from the
Pacific coast and probably from California. The species rightfully
belongs to the amethystinus series, but has very much more slender
tarsi, having more triangular and not cordiform joints. . jejunus n. sp.

9 — Elytra with obvious violaceous lustre 10

Elytra without trace of violaceous lustre 12

io — Elytra short, scarcely more than a third longer than wide and
sexually nearly similar in lustre and striation. Body notably short
and stout in form, somewhat convex, polished, the elytra strongly
alutaceous, with the micro-reticulation distinct; head almost three-
fourths as wide as the prothorax, the distinct subparallel impressions
separated by nearly one-half more than either from the sides, the
epistoma and labrum rather broad, evenly and very distinctly
sinuate from side to side; antennae moderate, pale brownish-testa-
ceous, the four basal joints abruptly blackish-piceous; prothorax
large, just visibly wider than long, the sides feebly and irregularly
crenulate, broadly rounded, becoming moderately convergent and
broadly, feebly sinuate to the right and rather sharp angles, the
base broadly sinuate medially; impressions large and deep, one-
third as long as the disk, the concavity limited externally by a short
feeble longitudinal ridge near the margin, extending to the base;
elytra broadly, evenly convex, opaculate in both sexes, with rather
fine impunctate and moderately impressed striae, the intervals
broadly and only very feebly convex, more distinctly laterad, oblong-
oval, broadly, obtusely, rounded behind, fully two-fifths wider than
the prothorax, the scutellar stria distinct, oblique; legs rather slender,
the hind tibiae (cf ) with a few broadly rounded and very feeble
crenules internally, wanting ( 9 ) as usual, the tarsi slender, the first

ClCINDELIDyE AND CARABID^ 1 05

two joints grooved externally. Length (cf 9 ) 14.0-14.6 mm.;
width 5.4-5.8 mm. California (Anderson Valley, Mendocino Co.).

Four examples breviusculus n. sp.

A — Similar except that the body is a little larger and a trifle less ab-
breviated, with the elytra a little more shining, more distinctly
violaceous and with rather less convex intervals; differing princi-
pally, however, in having the sides of the prothorax posteriorly
simply oblique and virtually straight, not sinuate, the hind tarsi,
also, are a little longer. Length (9) 15.5 mm.; width 5.9 mm.
California (Sonoma Co.), — Koebele mimus n. subsp.

Elytra more elongate, deeply striate, with very convex shining intervals
(cf ), or a little shorter, opaculate, with finer and feebler striae and
less convex intervals (9) n

li — Form elongate, very moderately convex, shining, black, the elytra
distinctly violaceous; head rather large, fully three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, the anterior impressions deep and conspicuous,
separated by barely a third more than either from the sides, the
epistoma and labrum relatively narrower than in the preceding, both
feebly sinuate, the latter subangularly; antennae nearly as in the
preceding; prothorax large, subquadrate, the sides broadly rounded,
with very distinct and broad crenelures throughout, gradually very
feebly converging and scarcely at all sinuate posteriorly, the angles
rather more than right and blunt; surface with obvious transversely
wavy subrugulose lines, the impressions as in the preceding; elytra
(cf ) fully three-fifths longer than wide and scarcely visibly wider than
the prothorax, parallel, with broadly arcuate sides, the striae deep,
impunctate, the intervals all convex, the micro-reticulation evident
but shining and, besides, with numerous feeble short transverse
irregular indentations; hind tibiae (cf ) with broad rounded internal
crenelures in apical two-thirds, the tarsi black, rather slender.
Length (cf) 17.0 mm.; width 5.8 mm. Oregon (Clackamas Co.).

crenicollis Lee.

Form almost similarly elongate but more ventricose, or with smaller
head and prothorax; male strongly shining throughout, the female
with shorter and broader, dull and less deeply striate elytra; head
not so large as in crenicollis and with the anterior impressions sepa-
rated by about one-half more than either from the sides, the epi-
stoma and labrum nearly similar, the mandibles strongly, arcuately
hooked at tip, the latter very acute; antennae nearly similar; pro-
thorax almost as long as wide, the sides nearly even and much more
arcuate, distinctly converging and broadly sinuate basally, the angles
but little more than right and rather sharp; surface with the trans-
verse wavy lines indistinct, the impressions nearly as in brevius-
culus; elytra (cf ) three-fifths longer than wide and a fourth wider
than the prothorax, shining, with deep impunctate striae and very
convex intervals, or ( 9 ) rather less than one-half longer than wide,
fully a third wider than the prothorax, opaque, with finer, less
impressed striae and flatter intervals, also decidedly wider behind
the middle than at base, this being but slightly apparent in the male;
scutellar stria similar; tarsi slender, the hind tibiae only very ob-

io6 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

soletely and partially crenulate within in the male. Length (cf 9 )
15.0-16.5 mm.; width 5.25-5.8 mm. California (Humboldt Co.).

suffusus n. sp.

Form more slender, black, shining, the elytra in sculpture and lustre as
in crenicollis; head much less developed, the anterior impressions
separated by fully one-half more than either from the sides, the
epistoma and labrum nearly similar; prothorax of very different
form, fully as long as wide, the sides broadly and feebly crenulate
but almost straight from apex to base, being but just visibly arcuate,
becoming straight basally, the base feebly sinuate medially, arcuate
near the angles and five-sixths the maximum width, the angles
slightly obtuse and blunt; surface similarly impressed, the wavy
lines nearly obsolete; elytra nearly three-fourths longer than wide,
parallel, with feebly arcuate sides and rounded apex, nearly a third
wider than the prothorax, the striae rather fine but deeply impressed,
the intervals shining though micro-reticulate and also feebly, inde-
finitely sculptured or subpunctulate along their crests, strongly con-
vex, becoming much less so suturally; hind tibiae (cf ) with about
four very low long wave-like internal crenelures, the tarsi slender.
Length (cf) 15.0 mm.; width 5.3 mm. Oregon (Clackamas Co.).

rectilatus n. sp.

12 — Elytra a little wider behind the middle than at base, notably so in
the female; hind tibiae more or less crenulate within in the male.. . 13

Elytra evenly oval or oblong-oval 15

13 — Elytra shorter, not more than one-half longer than wide. Body
rather broadly suboblong, moderately convex, deep black, shining,
the elytra feebly alutaceous (cf), opaque (9); head rather large,
fully two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, the impressions deep,
feebly arcuate, separated by fully one-half more than either from
the side, the epistoma and labrum feebly sinuato-truncate; antennae
piceous, gradually testaceous apically; prothorax slightly transverse,
a fourth to fifth wider than long, the sides rounded, not distinctly
crenulate, slightly converging, becoming broadly, feebly sinuate, to
the feebly prominent but rather blunt angles, the base broad, feebly
sinuate medially, fully five-sixths the maximum width; surface with
feeble wavy lines, the inner lateral impression large, deep and a
third the total length, the surface thence to the sides sloping upward,
feebly convex and unmodified, except sometimes by a very fine and
feeble juxta-marginal ridge, bordered inwardly by a very feeble
impression; elytra (cf ) a third or ( 9 ) nearly two-fifths wider than
the prothorax, rounded behind, very broadly and obtusely in the
female, the striae deeply impressed, the intervals strongly convex,
more feebly in the female; hind tibiae (cf ) very feebly or scarcely
visibly crenulate within, or ( 9 ) simple, the tarsi lather long and
slender. Length (cf 9 ) 14.0-16.0 mm.; width 5.6-6.0 mm. Cali-
fornia (coast regions north of San Francisco) plutonicus n. sp.

Elytra more elongate 14

14 — Form elongate, deep black, strongly shining, the elytra in the female
alutaceous; head nearly as in the preceding, except that the labrum
is transversely truncate; antennae more elongate, extending well

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^ 1 07

behind the thoracic base, similarly colored; prothorax large, almost
as long as wide, the sides distinctly crenulate throughout, broadly
rounded, feebly converging and straight posteriorly, the angles
evidently obtuse though only a little blunt; surface with distinct
wavy lines, the inner of the lateral impressions large and deep, the
outer also deep but short, bounded externally by a nearly vertical
wall; median stria coarse and deep; base feebly sinuate medially,
broad, five-sixths the maximum width or even more; elytra two-
thirds longer than wide or three-fifths (9 ), a fourth (cf) to a third
(9) wider than the prothorax, the striae impunctate, very deep,
the intervals very convex throughout, broader and much flatter in
the female; hind tibiae (cf) strongly crenulate within except near
the base, the tarsi rather long and slender. Length (cT 9 ) 15.8-
17.0 mm.; width 5.7-6.0 mm. British Columbia (Metlakatla),—
Keen herculaneus Mann.

Form even narrower, deep black, shining, the elytra rather dull in the
female; head nearly as in the preceding, the antennae not quite so
long; prothorax as long as wide, a little more rounded at the sides
and more sinuously narrowed basally, the edges only very finely
and obsoletely crenulate, the angles slightly obtuse, blunt, the base
broadly sinuate except near the sides, and nearly five-sixths the
maximum width, the impressions similar, very deep and conspicuous,
the wavy lines obsolete, except those radiating from the median
stria, which are short and irregular; elytra nearly two-thirds longer
than wide, barely a fourth wider than the prothorax, not very ob-
tusely rounded behind, only just visibly wider behind the middle
than at base, the striae rather coarse and deeply impressed, impunc-
tate, the intervals very moderately convex inwardly, strongly so
externally; scutellar stria oblique, long, joining the first stria;
humeral denticulation strong. Length ( 9 ) 1 5.5 mm. ; width 5.4 mm.
Oregon (Clackamas Co.) pugetanus n. sp.

Form rather narrow, smaller in size, deep black, polished, the elytra
of the female opaculate; head well developed, the anterior impressions
unusually large and deep, widely separated, the labrum and epi-
stoma sinuato-truncate; antennae rather slender, yellow-brown dis-
tally; prothorax only very slightly wider than long, nearly as in
the preceding, except that there are no lines radiating from the
median stria, the transverse wavy lines evident, the basal angles
right and but slightly blunt; lateral edges feebly though rather
coarsely crenulate; elytra (cf) three-fifths longer than wide, only
very slightly wider behind the middle than at base, with the sides
broadly but evidently arcuate, about a third wider than the pro-
thorax, the apex evenly rounded and the intervals between the very
deep and punctureless striae conspicuously convex throughout, or
( 9 ) broader, much wider behind the middle than at base, with the
sides diverging from the base for two-thirds and nearly straight,
one-half longer than wide, a third wider than the prothorax, the
apex very broadly obtuse and the intervals moderately convex,
strongly so laterally; male hind tibiae with a few very broad and

io8 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

feeble crenules, the tarsi rather long and slender. Length (cf 9 )
13.0-14.0 mm.; width 5.0-5.7 nam. California (Humboldt Co.).

cuneatulus n. sp.

15— Head moderately large, distinctly more than half as wide as the
prothorax; body only feebly convex, deep black, with blackish-
brown legs, shining, the elytra of the female only a little less shining;
head with the anterior impressions rather fine, widely separated,
the epistoma and labrum sinuato-truncate; antennae rather stout,
extending behind the thoracic base; prothorax nearly a fifth wider
than long, the sides feebly rounded, very slightly converging, be-
coming straight or just visibly sinuate to the angles, which are right
to slightly obtuse and rather sharp, the edges fine and even, not at
all crenulate; base very broad, feebly sinuate in about median third,
margined except medially and only very slightly less than the
maximum width; surface feebly convex, the median line sharply
impressed, being sharply defined at the bottom of a rather conspicu-
ous impression, the inner of the lateral impressions rather long and
moderately deep, the external short, sharply limited externally,
the intermediate surface not depressed; elytra oblong, with broadly
arcuate sides, a third to fourth wider than the prothorax, one-half
longer than wide, evenly and not very obtusely rounded behind,
almost similar in the sexes, finely but deeply striate, the striae not
distinctly punctate, the intervals feebly convex, nearly flat suturally;
hind tibiae (cf) finely and feebly serrulate within, the tarsi not quite
so long or slender as in the preceding group. Length (cf 9 ) 12.0-
14.0 mm.; width 4.5-5.2 mm. California (Lake Tahoe, Big Trees,
Placer and Siskiyou Cos.) planctus Lee.

Head nearly similar but rather more elongate and with slightly larger
eyes, fully three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the latter nearly as
long as wide, or slightly transverse (9 ), the side margins fine and
absolutely devoid of crenulation, much more rounded than in the
preceding, distinctly converging and broadly, feebly sinuate basally,
the angles right, scarcely blunt, the base only very feebly sinuate
medially, margined except at the middle and five-sixths the maximum
width, the surface evidently convex, as in the preceding, except that
the inner of the basal impressions is still larger and the surface thence
to the sides convex, with a small feeble and sometimes evanescent
impression; elytra more oval, with more arcuate sides, parallel,
not obtusely rounded at apex, three-fifths longer than wide, a fourth
to nearly a third wider than the prothorax, with rather fine but deeply
impressed and impunctate striae and strongly convex shining intervals
throughout in both sexes, barely perceptibly less shining in the female;
humeral denticle almost obsolete; tarsi longer and more slender
than in planctus. Length (cf 9 ) 11.4-13.0 mm.; width 4.2-5.0 mm.
Oregon (Clackamas Co.) to Vancouver Island (Victoria). One
example is labeled " Kansas, Snow " but almost certainly in error.
\algidus Lee.] validus Dej.

Head smaller, rather short, but little more than half as wide as the pro-
thorax, the epistoma sinuato-truncate, the labrum rectilinearly;
body very shining, blackish-piceous to dark castaneous, small

ClCINDELID^; AND CARABID^ 1 09

in size, the antennae testaceous, rather stout; prothorax moderate,
distinctly wider than long, the edge fine and even, the sides lather
strongly arcuate, converging and gradually feebly sinuate basally,
the angles nearly right, sharply defined; base sinuate medially,
margined in outer fourth, five-sixths the maximum width; surface
nearly as in the preceding, except that the inner impression is
much narrower and feebler and the outer not evident, except oc-
casionally and very obsoletely; elytra oval, rather convex, not quite
one-half longer than wide, a fourth wider than the prothorax, with
fine but very deeply impressed striae and rather strongly convex
shining intervals in both sexes throughout; humeral denticle distinct,
the scutellar stria generally represented by a coarse subbasal punc-
ture. Length (c? 9 ) 8.6-10.0 mm.; width 3.0-3.7 mm. British
Columbia (Metlakatla and Inverness), — Keen castaneus Dej.

The male sexual characters at the abdominal apex are feeble
throughout, except in serripes, where there is an abrupt and very
strong medial carina at the extreme tip, surrounded by a depression
of the surface. A part of the differences noted between sequoiarum
and tarsalis is probably due to the sex of the specimens compared,
but by no means all; for example the strong strial punctures of
the former, somewhat crenating the sides of the intervals, cannot be
accounted for in this way; the striae in tarsalis, in which species the
surface is more flattened than in any other known to me, are said to
be impunctate, and, under transverse illumination, no vestige of
punctuation is to be seen, but when viewed under longitudinally
oblique light the punctures become very obvious. I infer that my
representatives are properly identified, as they agree with the
description in all other features and are from the same local water
system. Amethystinus and novellus are appreciably different when
viewed in large series; the female is, on the whole, distinctly smaller
than the male and varies more in size, which is decidedly an excep-
tion to the general rule. The female differs from the male in a
different manner in the various species; in some, such as cuneatulus,
in the more cuneiform, opaque and less costulate elytra; in others
simply in smaller size, while in some, such as planctus and castaneus,
there is very little sexual difference.

Group II — calif ornicus Dej.

In this group the prothorax is rather large and convex as a rule,
but always distinctly shorter than wide, the linear impressions of
the head and pronotum smaller and shallower and the elytral striae

no MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

finer and less impressed than in the preceding, the intervals nearly
always flat. The more convex upper surface, only moderately
elongate, oval or oblong-oval, finely striate elytra, but little wider
and sometimes scarcely at all wider than the prothorax, and the
feeble impressions of the pronotum, the outer always small and very
feeble and sometimes wanting, impart a very different habitus from
the preceding group, and one that is perfectly consistent throughout.
An examination of californicus and protractus, will at once furnish a
criterion enabling one to place any species properly in the group.
There are seventeen species in my collection, which, as shown by
extended series, are unmistakably distinct among themselves, but
a peculiar paucity of special structural differences renders a tabular
statement of them most difficult and rather unsatisfactory. The
group is not so essentially northern as the preceding and also extends
further inland ; it inhabits the Rocky Mountain regions as far south
as New Mexico and the Pacific coast as far as Los Angeles. The
following table may aid in identification:

Elytra more elongate, generally nearly three-fourths longer than wide,
somewhat shorter in longulus and tahoensis; body generally more
depressed 2

Elytra less elongate, never more than two-thirds longer than wide and
frequently much shorter; body more convex; species confined to the
Pacific coast regions 7

2 — Tarsi rather stout; sides of the prothorax arcuately oblique posteriorly
to the angles. Body rather elongate, moderately convex, shining,
deep black, the margins of the prothorax narrowly and diaphanously
obscure testaceous basally ; head three-fifths as wide as the prothorax,
the impressions moderate, arcuate, widely separated, the epistoma
nearly truncate, the labrum sensibly sinuate; prothorax a fourth
wider than long, only just visibly narrower than the elytra, the sides
rounded, gradually converging and becoming less arcuate to the
basal angles, which are obtuse though sharply marked; base trans-
versely truncate, margined slightly near the sides, four-fifths the
maximum width, the surface broadly convex, polished, the inner
impression moderate, less than a third the total length, the outer
slightly elongate and very evident though shallow; anterior angles
rounded; elytra a little more than two-thirds longer than wide,
parallel, with broadly rounded sides and evenly rounded apex, the
surface distinctly alutaceous, the striae fine, impunctate, the inter-
vals nearly flat; scutellar stria distinct, oblique; humeri denticulate;
hind tibiae (o71) distinctly crenulate within, the tarsi black, the
fourth joint cordiform, barely one-half longer than wide. Length
(o71) 16.0 mm.; width 5.6 mm. Wyoming (Yellowstone Park),—
Wirt Robinson fontinalis n. sp.

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^ III

Tarsi more slender as a rule; sides of the prothorax sensibly sinuate
toward the hind angles 3

3 — Prothorax scarcely visibly narrower than the elytra, at first sight
not at all narrower 4

Prothorax very evidently narrower than the elytra 5

4 — Form rather stout, subparallel, moderately convex, shining, deep
black, the elytra evidently and equally alutaceous in both sexes;
head not quite three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, nearly as in
the preceding, except that the epistoma is sinuato-truncate and the
labrum even more sinuate medially; prothorax larger and wider
than in any other of the group, similar in the sexes and a fifth to
fourth wider than long, the sides arcuate, rather strongly converging
posteriorly, becoming very feebly sinuate near the angles, which
are obtuse but sharp and even a little prominent; base transversely
truncate, three-fourths the maximum width, the surface nearly as
in the preceding, the outer impression distinct but shallow; elytra
oblong, with parallel and very feebly arcuate sides and evenly
rounded apex, rather more than two-thirds longer than wide, the
impunctate striae moderately fine but somewhat deep, the intervals
nearly flat; humeri and scutellar stria as in the preceding; hind
tibiae (cf) with rather shorter and sharper inner crenulation, the
tarsi not more slender and virtually similar. Length (d71 9) 15.0-
16.2 mm., width 5.6-5.8 mm. New Mexico zunianus n. sp.

Form slender, rather more depressed, much smaller in size, subparallel,
piceous-black and frequently paler, rather shining throughout, the
elytra not sensibly opaculate; head moderate, nearly as in the
preceding but with relatively narrower epistoma and labrum, the
eyes similarly well developed and convex; prothorax a fourth wider
than long, the sides rather strongly arcuate, converging and only
a little less arcuate posteriorly to near the angles, where they become
just visibly sinuate for a short distance, the angles obtuse but sharp
and minutely, feebly prominent; surface slightly convex, the inner
impression distinct and fully a third of the total length, the outer
obsolete; base feebly sinuate medially, margined near the sides,
fully three-fourths the maximum width; elytra barely more than
three-fifths longer than wide, subequal in width to the pro-
thorax, parallel, with broadly arcuate sides and rounded apex;
striae fine, impunctate, rather deep, the intervals very slightly convex ;
legs rather short, the hind tibia? (cf ) feebly crenulate internally,
the tarsi rather slender but with the first joint shorter than the
next two combined. Length (c? 9 ) 9.5-11.2 mm.; width 3.2-3.9
mm. Colorado (Boulder Co., Leadville and Eldora) and Montana.
Abundant longulus Lee.

5 — Sides of the prothorax only broadly and feebly sinuate toward the hind
angles, which are obtuse though rather sharply defined and some-
times feebly and minutely prominent. Body rather narrow and
elongate, only feebly convex, shining, the elytra alutaceous; color
black, though not very intense and frequently rufescent; head nearly
three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, almost as in the preceding;
prothorax between a fourth and fifth wider than long, the sides

H2 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

moderately rounded anteriorly, converging, becoming feebly sinuate
posteriorly; base transversely truncate, four-fifths the maximum
width, margined laterally; surface rather depressed, very feebly
convex, the latero-basal impressions both distinct but unusually
feeble, the surface between them feebly depressed and generally
somewhat alutaceous; elytra three-fourths longer than wide, broadly
rounded at tip, about a fifth wider than the prothorax, the sides
broadly and feebly arcuate; striae fine, simple, not very deep, the
intervals nearly flat; hind tibiae (cf) with a few small and unusually
widely separated feeble crenules internally, the tarsi rather long,
the first joint as long as the next two. Length (cf 9 ) 14.0-16.0
mm.; width 4.7-5.2 mm. Colorado (Boulder Co., and with un-
recorded locality), Wyoming and Montana (Mullan — the type
above described) ; also one with slightly more obtuse basal angles
labeled " California " in the Levette collection — probably erro-
neously. Jasper House (British America) — LeConte, the original
locality. Abundant, [inornatus Bland] protractus Lee.

Sides of the prothorax more strongly sinuate posteriorly, becoming
straight and nearly parallel for a rather long distance before the
angles, which are sharply defined and generally right 6

6 — Form moderately slender, slightly convex, shining, the elytra only
very faintly alutaceous, black but sometimes pallid; head a little
larger than in the preceding, nearly three-fourths as wide as the
prothorax, the impressions distinct; epistoma and labrum feebly
sinuate; prothorax a fifth to fourth wider than long, the sides broadly
rounded except basally, the base truncate, four-fifths the maximum
width, the surface and impressions nearly as in the preceding;
elytra elongate-oval, three-fourths longer than wide, a fourth to
nearly a third wider than the prothorax, the sides more arcuate
than in protractus, less obtusely rounded at tip, the striae and
intervals nearly similar; hind tibiae (cf ) feebly serrulate internally,
the tarsi nearly similar, the basal joint not quite so long as the next
two combined. Length (cf 9 ) 14.5-15.8 mm.; width 5.0-5.8 mm.
California (Placer and Siskiyou Cos.) parens n. sp.

Form much more slender, feebly convex, piceous-black, not very shining,
the elytra opaque; head well developed, the anterior impressions
slender, feeble and linear; prothorax rather depressed, only about
a sixth or seventh wider than long, the sides feebly arcuate, feebly
converging to the pronounced but broad basal sinus, the base trans-
verse, nearly five-sixths the maximum width; surface feebly de-
pressed toward the hind angles, the inner impression narrow and
feeble, scarcely attaining the base, the outer defined only by a slight
swelling parallel with the straight parallel part of the sides; elytra
fully three-fourths longer than wide, elongate-oval, with arcuate
sides and strongly rounded apex, fully a third wider than the
prothorax, the striae very fine, impunctate, the intervals flat;
scutellar stria short but distinct, oblique, the humeral denticle
minute and feeble; basal joint of the hind tarsi nearly as long as
the next two. Length (9) 13.0 mm.; width 4.7 mm. California
(Siskiyou Co.) occultus n. sp.

ClCINDELID^ AND CARABID.E 113

Form nearly as in the preceding but evidently shorter, feebly convex,
moderately shining, dark rufo-piceous, the elytra black and opacu-
late, barely less so in the male; head almost three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, the impressions fine, arcuate and diverging, sepa-
rated by rather less than twice that of either from the sides; pro-
thorax throughout as in the preceding, except that the sides before
the basal angles are not so parallel or straight, the sharp angles
being evidently obtuse and not right ; elytra as in occultus but broader,
more oblong-oval and much shorter, this species belonging to the
preceding section in general habitus but to the succeeding in the
less elongate elytra, three-fifths to two-thirds longer than wide and
about a fourth wider than the prothorax; sides parallel, very feebly
arcuate, more rounding at base, moderately obtuse at apex, the
striae very fine, impunctate, the intervals flat; legs moderately long
and slender, they as well as the entire under surface castaneous.
Length (of1 9 ) 12.8-13.5 mm.; width 4.4-4.9 mm. California
(Lake Tahoe) tahoensis n. sp.

7 — Hind angles of the prothorax sharply marked, generally minutely
and feebly, denticularly subprominent; body rather deep black in
color throughout except in the aberrant miscellus 8

Hind angles very obtuse, never prominent, sometimes rounded. Southern
California coast regions 15

8 — Prothorax only a little though evidently, as a rule, narrower than
the elytra 9

Prothorax much narrower than the elytra in both sexes 13

9 — Size larger, the upper surface strongly convex, deep, shining black,
the elytra but just visibly alutaceous; head moderate, the impressions
rather feeble, the epistoma and labrum rather strongly sinuate from
side to side; prothorax notably large, a fourth or fifth wider than
long, rather strongly rounded at the sides almost throughout but
more converging posteriorly, only just visibly sinuate near the
angles, which are obtuse though rather sharp; base very feebly sinuate
in median third, thence transverse and margined to the angles;
surface unusually convex and declivous laterally, very finely mar-
gined throughout, the inner impression rather long, moderately
impressed, not attaining the base, the outer obsolete or very nearly,
the intermediate surface convex; elytra oblong-oval, convex, with
arcuate sides and rounded apex, one-half longer than wide, only a
fifth to sixth wider than the prothorax, the striae very fine, shallow,
minutely punctulate along the bottom, the intervals flat; hind
tibiae (cf) feebly crenulate within except basally, the tarsi rather
stout but with the first joint somewhat longer than the next two.
Length (cf 9 ) 12.0-14.5 mm.; width 4.35-5.5 mm. California
(vicinity of San Francisco Bay to Humboldt Co.). Very abundant.
[amplicollis Mots.; simplex Lee.] californicus Dej.

Size nearly as in californicus, the body less convex and more oblong,
deep black, shining, the elytra not distinctly alutaceous in the male —
the only sex at hand; — head moderate, barely three-fifths as wide as
the prothorax, the impressions and labrum nearly as in the preceding,

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

H4 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

the latter narrower; prothorax differing greatly in form, more trans-
verse, over a fourth wider than long, the sides much less broadly
rounded, converging posteriorly in about basal half, becoming
slightly sinuate near the angles, which are very briefly right but
not prominent; base similar; surface less convex, the median sulcus
coarser and deeper, the inner impression rather feeble and short,
coming far from attaining the base, the outer slightly elongate,
basal, near the sides and bounded externally by a pronounced slope,
the intermediate surface slightly depressed posteriorly; side margins
similarly very fine; elytra more oblong, fully three-fifths longer
than wide, not distinctly wider than the prothorax, the sides broadly
and more feebly arcuate, the apex similarly rounded, the striae
very fine, scarcely modified, the intervals flat; humeral denticle
obsolete, the scutellar stria long; tarsi rather long and slender.
Length (c?) 14.0 mm.; width 5.0 mm. California (Hoopa Valley,

Humboldt Co.) cupidus n. sp.

Size smaller, less convex and more distinctly striate than in calif ornicus . 10

10 — Color deep black, prothorax only slightly wider than long 11

Color rufo-piceous, the head and prothorax frequently dark testaceous,
the latter much shorter and more transverse, a fourth to nearly a

third wider than long 12

II — Form moderately stout, rather shining, the elytra very slightly
alutaceous; head moderate, the impressions fine, feeble, oblique,
the epistoma and labrum feebly sinuato-truncate; prothorax much
more depressed than in the preceding, the sides rounded from apex to
base, more converging posteriorly, not sinuate near the basal angles,
which are minutely and denticularly prominent; sides much more
broadly grooved and reflexed than in californicus; inner impression
long and rather strong, the outer obsolete and surface convex to
the sides; base broadly sinuate in median three-fifths only, margined
thence to the sides, four-fifths the maximum width; elytra one-half
longer than wide to a little longer, oval, with broadly arcuate sides
and rounded apex, a fourth to fifth wider than the prothorax, rather
convex, the striae fine but deeply impressed, impunctate, the intervals
feebly convex, rather strongly laterad; humeral denticle obsolete.
Length (cf 9 ) 10.7-12.7 mm.; width 3.7-4.5 mm. California

(Humboldt Co.). Abundant humboldti n. sp.

Form rather slender, similar in sculpture and lustre, the elytra narrower
and less convex; head nearly similar, the labrum more sinuate;
prothorax nearly similar but less reflexed at the sides, the latter
with the converging sides posteriorly differing in becoming gradually
broadly, though only just visibly, sinuate toward the angles, which
are similarly sharply marked; surface with the inner impressions
shorter and much feebler, the outer sometimes evident as a minute
feeble indentation, the intermediate surface not so convex as in
humboldti; base similar but more truncate; elytra more elongate,
three-fifths longer than wide and barely a sixth wider than the
prothorax, oval, with feebly arcuate sides and rather strongly
rounded apex, ihe striae finer and much more shallow than in the
preceding, mpunctate, the intervals very flat throughout; legs

ClCINDELID.-E AND CARABID/E 11$

moderate. Length (cf 9 ) 10.7-13.0 mm.; width 3.4-4.5 mm.
California (Humboldt Co. to Monterey). Very abundant about
San Francisco Bay vicinus Mann.

12 — Lustre shining, the elytra alutaceous and generally darker than the
anterior parts, the legs and under surface dark testaceous; head
nearly as in the preceding species; prothorax strongly rounded at
the sides, the latter becoming rather rapidly and strongly convergent
basally and almost straight, not in the least sinuate toward the angles,
which are minutely, denticularly prominent; base broadly sinuate,
except laterally, where the margin is fine, only a little more than
three-fourths the maximum width; surface moderately convex and
margined laterally, the inner concavity in the form of a broad and
very shallow impression, not at all sharp along the bottom, thence
to the sides flat, the outer obsolete; elytra decidedly short, a little
less than one-half longer than wide, just visibly (cf) to fully a third
( 9 ) wider than the prothorax — the female much smaller and less
parallel than the male, — oblong-oval, with broadly arcuate sides
and obtusely rounded apex; striae very fine, impunctate, feebly im-
pressed, the intervals nearly flat, feebly convex laterad; legs rather
short, the hind tibiae (cf ) very feebly and obtusely crenulate within,
the tarsi rather stout, with the first joint nearly as long as the next
two. Length (cf 9 ) 8.8-11.7 mm.; width 3.2-4.3 mm. California
(Sta. Barbara, — Dunn and also from an unrecorded locality in the
Levette collection). Abundant miscellus n. sp.

13 — Elytral striae fine and impunctate but deep, the intervals broadly
convex, rather strongly so laterad. Body in the female stouter
than any other of this group, the male much less stout, shining,
the elytra (cf) rather shining, only feebly alutaceous, or (9)
opaque and with the micro-reticulation stronger; head moderate,
nearly as in vicinus; antennae pale, the four basal joints piceous;
prothorax a fourth wider than long, strongly rounded at the sides
almost throughout the length, rapidly converging basally and very
briefly and feebly sinuate at the slightly prominent angles; surface
nearly as in humboldti; elytra oblong-oval, a little more than one-
half longer than wide, with broadly arcuate sides and evenly rounded
and not very obtuse apex, more than a fourth wider than the pro-
thorax, two-fifths (9), the stria? fine but deeply groove-like, im-
punctate, the humeral denticle subobsolete; hind tarsi rather slender.
Length (cf 9 ) 13.0-14.3 mm.; width 4.6-5.3 mm. California
(Humboldt Co.) and southern Oregon. Six males and nine females.

bucolicus n. sp.

Elytral striae very fine, impunctate and not deep, nearly as in vicimis . . 14

14 — Moderately slender, rather convex, shining, deep black, the elytra
subopaque in both sexes ; head moderate, the linear impressions rather
deep but fine, the antennae pale, gradually piceous basally; prothorax
only moderately convex, the sides broadly rounded, gradually
feebly converging toward base and broadly, just visibly sinuate, the
angles very slightly and obtusely prominent; base five-sixths the
maximum width, rectilinearly truncate, margined laterad; surface
with moderate inner impressions, the surface externally thereto

n6 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

feebly convex, the outer impression small and extremely faint;
elytra two-thirds longer than wide, nearly a third to two-fifths wider
than the prothorax, the sides distinctly and broadly arcuate, the
apex strongly rounded; striae fine, the intervals broad and flat;
tarsi rather long, the basal joint of the posterior as long as the next
two. Length (cf 9 ) 13.8-15.0 mm.; width 4.9-5.4 mm. California
(North Fork, Madera Co.); — also two examples with label " Cal."
in the Levette collection. Seven examples ordinarius n. sp.

Moderately stout and convex, shining, piceous-black, the elytra deep
black and alutaceous; head large, three-fourths as wide as the pro-
thorax, the impressions rather deep and closer than in any other
of this group, being separated by a third more than either from the
sides, the epistoma and labrum broadly sinuate; antennae castaneous,
piceous basally ; prothorax nearly a third wider than long, the sides
strongly rounded, converging but barely at all sinuate basally, the
angles obtuse but sharp though not at all prominent; base transverse,
four-fifths the maximum width; surface with numerous feeble wavy-
transverse lines, the inner impression obtusely rather deep, obsolete
before the base, the outer elongate, evident but feeble; elytra two-
thirds longer than wide, oblong-oval, rounded at tip, a third or more
wider than the prothorax; intervals flat, feebly convex near the
sides, the striae fine; hind tarsi rather slender. Length (cf 9 )
13.0-14.5 mm.; width 5.0-5.4 mm. California (Lake Tahoe).
Four examples laborans n. sp.

15 — Form elongate, moderately convex, deep black, shining, the elytra
(cf) shining and only faintly, or ( 9 ) less shining and strongly,
alutaceous; head moderate, the impressions rather strong, lineiform,
diverging; antennae piceous, paler near the tip; prothorax a fifth
wider than long, rather strongly rounded at the sides from apex
to base, the sides more converging basally and straight, the angles
very obtuse, bluntly rounded; base somewhat arcuate, sometimes
with a faint median sinuation, margined only near the sides, about
three-fourths the maximum width; surface broadly convex, the
inner impression long, deep and conspicuous, the surface externally
thereto convex, unimpressed; lateral margins unusually broadly
concave and reflexed; elytra oblong-oval, rather flattened suturally,
two-thirds longer than wide, strongly rounded at apex, only about
a fifth wider than the prothorax, the striae very fine and shallow,
impunctate, the intervals flat; hind tarsi rather long and slender.
Length (cf 9 ) 12.5-14.5 mm.; width 4.8-5.0 mm. California
(Sta. Barbara), — Dunn. Seven examples barbarinus n. sp.

Form elongate, suboval. rather convex, polished, piceo-rufous throughout,
the elytra barely at all alutaceous in either sex; head moderate, the
impressions fine, diverging, the epistomal apex and labrum unusually
narrow, feebly sinuate; antennae pale, with the nude first three joints
darker and rufous; prothorax fully a fourth wider than long, strongly
rounded at the sides, which become strongly convergent posteriorly
and barely straight near the angles, which are very obtuse though
distinct, not rounded but not in the least prominent; base relatively
narrower than in any other of the group, feebly sinuate medially,

ClCINDELIDJE AND CARABID^E llj

two-thirds the maximum width; surface rather convex, only finely
reflexed at the sides, the inner impression small, feeble, linear, a
fourth the total length, the surface exterior thereto as convex as
any other part of the sides and completely devoid of impression;
elytra scarcely one-half longer than wide, oval, with arcuate sides
and rather strongly rounded apex, scarcely visibly wider than the
prothorax, the striae extremely fine and feeble, impunctate, the
intervals flat; hind tarsi rather slender but shorter than usual.
Length (cf 9 ) 10.0-11.2 mm.; width 3.4-3.7 mm. California (Los
Angeles Co.) inermis Fall

The three species vicinus, huntboldti and bucolicus are mutually
rather closely allied but abundantly distinct; they increase in size
and stoutness, also in the depth of the elytral striae and convexity
of the intervals, in the order named ; in the first and last the male is
notably smaller and more slender than the female as a rule, but in
humboldti, the only two females in twelve exponents of the species
are scarcely as large as the average of the males, conforming more
nearly to a frequently observed condition in this part of the series.
The large series of most of the species confirm their mutual distinct-
ness even at a casual glance.

Group III — menetriesi Mots.

As the groups here proposed are based principally on habitus, it
seems proper to give the large and strikingly distinct menetriesi a
group to itself, allied closely to the preceding group but distinguished
from any of its species by the large size, convex and opaque upper
surface, almost obsolete thoracic impressions and excessively fine,
minutely and remotely punctulate striae, the elytra being notably
oval and convex. The two examples in my collection were taken
at Monterey and measure 18-20 by 7-8.7 mm.

Group IV — congestus Menet.

Although really nothing more than an extension of the calif ornicus
group, that founded upon such species as congestus and castanipes,
presents an appreciably different habitus due to the more elongate
form, more convex surface, regularly elongate-elliptical elytra and
more elongate prothorax, there being but few species in which this
somite becomes shorter than wide. The group is on the whole more
southern in range and does not seem to spread beyond the confines
of California, the neighboring islands and perhaps the adjacent

n8 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

parts of Arizona. There are before me some fifteen species, of
which only three have been hitherto described. They may be
known as follows, presenting rather more structural diversity than
those of the calij "ornicus group:

Larger species, generally not less than 15 mm. in length and confined
to the fauna of southern California and neighboring regions 2

Smaller species, usually under 15 mm. in length, not occurring in the
regions cited 7

2 — Prothorax very distinctly shorter than wide 3

Prothorax about as long as wide 4

3- — Elongate, rather convex, deep black, shining, the elytra moderately
and subequally alutaceous in both sexes; head three-fifths as wide
as the prothorax, the impressions deep, arcuate, widely separated
and diverging; mandibles entirely black; antennae pale brown, the
first three joints piceous; prothorax fully a fourth wider than long,
the sides rounded, rather rapidly converging behind about the
middle, becoming oblique and very broadly, feebly sinuate posteri-
orly, the angles very obtuse and somewhat rounded; base not quite
three-fourths the maximum width; surface strongly reflexed at the
sides, impressed toward the basal angles, the inner impression mode-
rately long, rather deep, the outer obsolete; anterior angles notably
rounded; elytra oval, two-thirds longer than wide, nearly a third
wider than the prothorax, with fine, slightly impressed, impunctate
striae and nearly flat intervals, becoming feebly convex laterad;
humeral denticle almost obsolete, the scutellar stria short but evi-
dent, oblique, not approaching the first stria; tarsi moderately long,
rather stout. Length (d71 9 ) 15.0-17.0 mm.; width 5.7-6.2 mm.
California (Los Angeles). One example marked " Arizona," but
perhaps erroneously Isabellas Lee.

Elongate but not so decidedly as in the preceding and more ventricose, the
type castaneous-brown throughout though exhibiting no other evi-
dences of immaturity, the lustre as in Isabella; head nearly similar but
with finer and more linear impressions, the mandibles black, rufous
basally; prothorax a fifth wider than long, similar in form, except
that the sides posteriorly are much more sinuate, becoming gradually
almost parallel at the basal angles, which are only a little more than
right though slightly blunt; side margins similarly strongly reflexed,
the apical angles however much more acute, only very narrowly
rounded; surface nearly similar, except that the outer of the basal
impressions is evident because of an elongate basal convexity near
the sides; base three-fourths the maximum width; elytra rather
broadly oval, very convex, three-fifths longer than wide, fully two-
fifths wider than the prothorax, otherwise similar, except that the
scutellar stria is longer, joining the first stria; female with four anal
setae, the inner pair double as is sometimes the case in isabellcE.
Length (9) 16.5 mm.; width 6.1 mm. California (San Diego).

jacobinus n. sp.

4 — Sides of the prothorax oblique posteriorly, becoming only feebly
sinuate toward the angles, which are obtuse and blunt 5

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID/E 119

Sides strongly sinuate, becoming straight and almost parallel for a long
distance before the angles, which are right though similarly blunt. .6

5 — Form elongate though moderately broad and convex, deep black,
shining, the elytra less shining and alutaceous, almost similarly in
the sexes, which are almost completely similar otherwise as well ;
head rather large, almost three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the
impressions rather broadly concave, the epistoma and labrum rather
broad, evenly sinuate from side to side; prothorax not quite as
long as wide, the sides rounded, rather strongly converging behind
about the middle, becoming scarcely less than straight, the angles
very obtuse and distinctly rounded; base about two-thirds the maxi-
mum width; surface rather strongly reflexed at the sides, the inner
impression long and distinct, the surface thence to the sides convex,
the outer impression obsolete; anterior angles moderately broadly
rounded; elytra nearly three-fourths longer than wide, evenly oval,
moderately convex, two-fifths wider than the prothorax, the sides
almost evenly rounding to the basal ridge, the denticle completely
obsolete; striae rather fine but deep, impunctate, the intervals nearly
flat, feebly convex laterad, the scutellar stria rather long, the first
stria broadly interrupted near the base; hind tibiae (cf ) strongly
crenulate internally, the tarsi rather long. Length (cf 9 ) i7-5~
18.0 mm.; width 6.3-6.7 mm. California (San Clemente Island).
Five remarkably uniform examples gliscans n. sp.

Form very elongate and notably narrow, rather strongly convex, black,
moderately shining, the elytra decidedly opaque; head fully two-
thirds as wide as the prothorax, the impressions distinct, unusually
widely separated, the epistoma strongly, the labrum feebly, sinuate;
prothorax nearly as long as wide, formed almost as in the preceding,
except that it is relatively smaller in size, with the oblique sides
posteriorly broadly but sensibly sinuate, the angles a little less obtuse
and but slightly blunt; surface rather strongly reflexed at the sides,
more gradually sloping toward the apical angles, which are similarly
moderately rounded, the basal impressions similar but with the
surface thence to the sides flatter, the outer impression obsolete;
base nearly three-fourths the maximum width; elytra very elongate,
evenly oval, almost four-fifths longer than wide; striae fine but rather
deep, finely punctate, very distinctly toward the sides, the intervals
nearly flat, sensibly convex laterad; humeral denticle distinct, the
scutellar stria rather long, oblique, the first not interrupted; tarsi
moderate. Length (9) 16.5 mm.; width 5.8 mm. California
(between Indio and Colton), — Dunn ovalipennis n. sp.

6 — Body rather stout and convex, black, moderately shining, the elytra
strongly alutaceous; head moderate, the impressions separated as
usual, deep and distinct, nearly parallel; prothorax much larger than
in either of the preceding, about as long as wide, the sides broadly
rounded, becoming evidently converging only well behind the
middle, the sinuation rather abrupt; angles right, rather sharp;
base nearly four-' fths the maximum width; surface not very convex,
sloping gradually to the abruptly and strongly reflexed marginal
bead, the inner impression rather small, somewhat sharply defined,

I2O MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

the outer wanting, the intervening surface flat; elytra oblong-oval,
strongly convex, only about three-fifths longer than wide and a third
wider than the prothorax; sides parallel, feebly arcuate to the distinct
humeral denticle, the lateral margins unusually broadly concave
and reflexed; striae fine but cleft-like, slightly but unevenly punc-
tulate, the intervals flat; male with the, in some form frequently
observed, feeble transverse division of the last abdominal segment
near the apex, the under surface throughout very polished; tarsi
rather long. Length (cf 9 ) 15.5-16.2 mm.; width 5.4-6.1 mm.
California (Sta. Barbara), — Dunn canallatus n. sp.

Body rather more elongate, very convex, deep and rather opaque black;
head smaller than in the preceding, not three-fifths as wide as the
prothorax, the impressions deep and conspicuous, subparallel;
prothorax as long as wide, formed throughout nearly as in the pre-
ceding, except that the surface is more steeply declivous toward the
side margins, which are more concave along the reflexed beading,
and that the inner impression is very feeble and diffuse; elytra more
elongate and more oval, very convex, a third to two-fifths wider
than the prothorax, the sides more arcuate, the apex broadly rounded,
a little more than one-half to three-fifths longer than wide, the sides
moderately widely concave and reflexed. the humeral denticle strong;
striae rather fine but unusually impressed, evidently crenulo-
punctulate toward the sides, the intervals very convex, more feebly
suturad; legs moderate; prosternal process not margined laterally
but truncate and moderately margined at apex as usual in related
species. Length (cf 9 ) 15.0-17.5 mm.; width 5.6-6.6 mm. Cali-
fornia (Los Angeles and near Col ton), [illustris Lee.]

congestus M£n.

7 — Elytra shorter, the prothorax larger, only very slightly narrower than
the elytra; lustre more shining. Body subparallel, moderately con-
vex, polished, black with piceous tinge, the elytra not alutaceous
in the male; under surface and legs rufo-piceous, the latter testaceous
distally; head moderate, nearly two-thirds as wide as the prothorax,
the impressions fine, arcuate and diverging; prothorax about as
long as wide, the sides rounded almost to the base, where they become
feebly and briefly sinuate just before the angles, which are nearly
right but rather blunt; base distinctly sinuate in about median third,
thence margined to the sides, almost four-fifths the maximum width;
surface convex, steeply declivous to the fine elevated marginal bead
throughout, the inner impression moderately long and deep, the
surface thence flattened near the base to a very small and feeble
basal elevation near the angle; median stria fine but distinct; elytra
three-fourths longer than wide, oblong-oval, with feebly arcuate sides
and very feeble humeral denticle, strongly rounded at apex, the
striae impunctate, the intervals rather strongly convex throughout;
scutellar stria long, forming the basal part of the first stria very
evenly and without trace of junction, the base of the latter detached;
legs moderately short. Length (cf) 13.7 mm.; width 4.5 mm.
California (Mt. Diablo) diabolus n. sp.

Elytra more elongate, more broadly oval in panticulatus ; prothorax

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABIDJE 121

always much narrower than the elytra; lustre more or less shining
but with the elytra always alutaceous or opaque 8

8 — Prothorax fully as wide as long, more strongly rounded at the sides. .9

Prothorax apparently longer than wide, more broadly rounded at the
sides and more gradually narrowed posteriorly, except in esuriens,
where it is even more abruptly constricted at base than in castanipes.

10

9 — Size larger, black, shining, the legs castaneous-red; elytra barely at
all alutaceous (cf) or distinctly so (9); head very moderate, less
than three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the impressions rather
fine and shallow, straight and feebly diverging, the epistoma and
labrum evidently sinuate; antennae very slender on the narrow side;
prothorax with almost evenly rounded sides to near basal sixth,
there rather abruptly sinuate to the angles, which are sharp but
obtuse owing to an adjacent arcuation of the base, the latter very
broadly and feebly sinuate, only just visibly margined and very near
the sides, fully three-fourths the maximum width; surface convexly
steep to the narrowly reflexed marginal bead, the gutter a little
wider anteriorly, obsolete near the basal angles, the inner depression
rather broadly but moderately impressed, the outer obsolete; apical
angles rounded; median stria fine, far from attaining base or apex;
elytra oval, two-thirds to three-fourths longer than wide, a third to
nearly two-fifths wider than the prothorax, the striae rather fine,
impunctate, deeply impressed (cf ) or very feebly (9 ), the intervals
respectively distinctly convex or nearly flat; scutellar stria short
but evident, oblique; legs rather long. Length (cf 9 ), 12.8-14.8
mm. ; width 4.3-5.7 mm. California (vicinity of San Francisco Bay).
Very abundant, [contractus Lee.] castanipes Men.

Size much smaller, more slender, nearly similar in coloration and lustre
but with the elytra almost similarly and only feebly alutaceous in
both sexes; head similar but with the impressions shorter, feebler,
more arcuate and more divergent, parallel in anterior half of their
length; prothorax nearly similar throughout but with the base more
narrowly subsinuate medially; elytra narrower though not quite so
elongate, oval, convex, a fourth to nearly a third wider than the pro-
thorax, the striae rather fine, impunctate, feebly impressed, only
slightly more so in the male, the intervals nearly flat in both sexes,
the reflexed lateral margins much narrower than in castanipes, the
scutellar stria very much longer, uniting with and forming part of
the first stria as a rule, the basal part of the latter in most, examples
wholly detached; legs shorter, the femora notably more slender.
Length (cf 9 ) 10.8-13.0 mm.; width 4.0-4.75 mm. California
(Humboldt Co.). Abundant gregalis n. sp.

10 — Body elongate, frequently almost subcylindrical, the elytra not at
all dilated 1 1

Body less elongate, ventricose, the elytra rather broadly oval 15

II — Elytral margin broadly reflexed and concave, the surface very
gradually declivous and flat toward the base and humeri. Form
rather narrow, deep black, the legs and tarsi also black; surface
moderately shining, the elytra dull; head rather long, four-sevenths

122 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

as wide as the prothorax, the impressions moderate, arcuate;
antennae piceous, paler apically; prothorax apparently distinctly
longer than wide, the sides broadly and very moderately arcuate,
gradually converging and very broadly, feebly sinuate behind to
the perfectly right and very sharply denned angles; base broadly,
very feebly sinuate medially, scarcely at all margined even at the
extreme sides, three-fourths the maximum width; surface moderately
convex and reflexed at the sides, the inner depression broadly,
feebly impressed, not at all sharply denned, the outer wanting though
with a minute and feeble ridge extending obliquely inward from
each angle; median stria strong; elytra three-fourths longer than
wide, oblong, with broadly and feebly arcuate sides and strongly
rounded apex, only a little less than one-half wider than the prothorax,
the striae fine but abruptly deep, not punctate, the intervals almost
perfectly flat even at the sides; scutellar stria short, fine, oblique;
last ventral (cf) with a fine transverse crease* near the tip, having
a single anal seta at each side. Length (cf) 13.5 mm.; width 4.8 mm.
California. A single example without more definite indication of
locality, from the Levette collection annosus n. sp.

Elytral margin narrowly reflexed, the surface rapidly declivous toward
the humeri as usual, the striae more impressed, the intervals always
at least feebly convex laterad 12

12 — Elytra subcylindric, very convex, the body conspicuously narrow and
elongate. Color deep black, the legs black, the tarsi rufo-piceous;
surface strongly shining, the elytra only faintly alutaceous even in
the female; head moderate though nearly three-fourths as wide as
the prothorax, the impressions short and deep; prothorax nearly
as in castanipes though very much narrower, apparently a little
longer than wide, the sides broadly rounded to about basal seventh or
eighth, there rather abruptly becoming almost parallel to the angles,
which are but little more than right, due to a basal arcuation, and
sharply defined ; base transversely subarcuate, sometimes with a small
feeble median sinuation, not quite three-fourths the maximum width;
surface convex, finely margined, the inner depression very short,
broadly impressed, only about a fifth the total length, the outer
wholly obsolete; median stria strong, subentire; elytra almost four-
fifths longer than wide, very steeply and deeply convexo-declivous
at the sides, becoming nearly vertical toward the extremely and unusu-
ally narrowly reflexed margins, parallel, the sides only very feebly
arcuate, about a third wider than the prothorax, the apex strongly,
rather narrowly rounded; striae fine but very deep, smooth and
punctureless, the intervals nearly flat, becoming feeblylconvex laterad ;
humeral denticle small though rather distinct; legs moderately short
and slender. Length ( 9 ) 12.0-13.0 mm.; width 4.1-4.65 mm. Cali-
fornia (Mendocino Co. — Hermitage and Guallala).. . esuriens n. sp.

Elytra elongate-oval, less convex and less deeply or vertically declivous
at the sides; body not so narrow or subcylindric, the prothorax

*A fine impressed transverse and subarcuate line, apparently dividing the last
abdominal segment in Pterostichus, is frequently evident but I am unable to deter-
mine its origin or significance.

ClCINDELID^: AND CARABID^ 123

more notably narrower than the elytra and not abruptly constricted
at base as it is in esuriens 13

13 — Side margins of the elytra very narrowly reflexed; body small
in size. Form rather narrow, moderately convex, shining, the
elytra only just visibly alutaceous even in the female, black
with a piceous tinge, the under surface slightly, and legs more
pallidly, rufous; head moderate, the impressions rather short,
parallel and deep; prothorax apparently longer than wide, the sides
broadly, very moderately arcuate, becoming gradually convergent
and broadly, feebly sinuate posteriorly to the angles, which are
slightly obtuse though sharply denned; base transverse, not sinuate,
faintly margined only at the sides, three-fourths the maximum width;
surface moderately convex, only finely reflexo-marginate at the sides,
a little less finely toward the obtusely rounded apical angles, the
inner depression deep though broadly impressed and not sharply
marked, about a fifth the total length and gradually turning outward
posteriorly to the hind margin near the angles, the latter marked on
the surface by a minute oblique elevation; median stria rather fine,
not entire; elytra subevenly oval, rather acutely rounded at apex,
three-fourths longer than wide, two-fifths wider than the prothorax,
the striae rather fine but deep, smooth and punctureless, the intervals
nearly flat, feebly convex laterad; legs moderate, the tarsi unusually
slender. Length (9) 11.5 mm.; width 4.0 mm. California (Hum-
boldt Co. — Hydesville, Valley of Eel River) lacertus n. sp.

Side margins distinctly though moderately reflexed, as usual throughout
this special group 14

14 — Elytral striae impunctate as usual. Body rather small in size, black,
shining, the elytra evidently alutaceous, the under surface and legs
black or blackish; head moderate, the impressions nearly as in
lacertus; prothorax apparently just longer than wide, the sides
broadly and moderately rounded, gradually converging posteriorly
but becoming just visibly sinuate only near the angles, which are
abruptly rather acute and laterally prominent; base three-fourths
the maximum width; surface unusually broadly grooved and reflexed
along the sides, the inner impression fully a fourth th.e total length,
rather broadly concave, though somewhat sharply defined along the
bottom, nearly straight, not curving outward basally, the surface
thence to the sides feebly convex, the outer impression obsolete;
median stria fine but deep, subentire; elytra elongate-oval, the sides
unusually evenly arcuate from the humeri almost to the narrowly
rounded apex, more than three-fourths longer than wide, fully
two-fifths wider than the prothorax; surface strongly but almost
evenly convex, the striae rather fine but very deep, the intervals
just visibly convex inwardly but distinctly so and more alutaceous
laterad; scutellar stria very short, oblique; legs moderately short and
slender. Length (9) 12.0 mm.; width 4.2 mm. California (Mon-
terey),— Dunn sponsor n. sp.

Elytral striae more or less evidently punctulate, at least laterally, the
size materially larger, the elytra more parallel. Body elongate,
moderately convex, rather narrow and more parallel, the female

124 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

slightly more ventricose than the male, shining, black, the legs
rufo-piceous, the elytra only a little less shining in either sex; head
moderate, the impressions rather deep and broadly concave, di-
verging; prothorax apparently a little longer than wide, the sides
broadly arcuate, gradually and moderately converging posteriorly,
becoming very feebly and rather broadly sinuate toward the angles,
which are but slightly obtuse, sharply marked and subprominent;
base very feebly sinuate, becoming feebly arcuate near the sides,
scarcely more than two-thirds the maximum width; surface very
moderately convex, rather finely reflexed at the sides, a little less
finely anteriorly, the stria moderate, not quite entire; the inner
impression broad and feeble, not extending to the base; surface
thence to the angles flattened; elytra long, parallel, three-fifths to
three-fourths longer than wide, two-fifths wider than the prothorax
or more, the sides broadly arcuate, rounding a little more basally,
the apex subacutely rounded; striae fine but rather deeply impressed,
finely, obscurely punctulate, sometimes rather distinctly so laterally,
the intervals feebly convex, rather strongly laterad, a little more
strongly throughout in the male than in the female; scutellar stria
moderate to short; legs rather slender. Length (c? 9 ) 14.0-14.5
mm.; width 4.7-5.4 mm. California (Lake Tahoe and Merced Cr. ;

also from an unrecorded locality) sierranus n. sp.

15 — Form more ventricose and more convex, coloration similar, moder-
ately shining, the elytra more strongly alutaceous; head rather small
though nearly two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, the impressions
fine, sharply defined, straight and diverging, the labrum sinuato-
truncate; prothorax relatively smaller than in any other of the
group, evidently longer than wide, the sides rather strongly rounded,
converging posteriorly and becoming broadly but strongly sinuate
basally, almost parallel for a considerable distance before the angles,
which are right and sharply marked; base transverse, three-fourths
the maximum width; surface only feebly convex, rather abruptly,
deeply and narrowly concave and reflexed at the sides, less finely
anteriorly, the anterior angles unusually acute, only very narrowly
rounded at their tips; stria strong and subentire; inner impression
feeble, very broadly concave, the outer obsolete; base almost com-
pletely unmargined; elytra oval, with somewhat strongly arcuate
sides throughout, rather sharply rounded at apex, three-fourths
longer than wide, about one-half wider than the prothorax, the striae
rather fine, feebly impressed, wholly impunctate, the intervals
very feebly convex throughout, except apically, where they are
rather strongly convex; scutellar stria long; legs rather long and
slender. Length (9) 14.0 mm.; width 5.0 mm. A single example
without label in the Levette collection, but with scarcely a doubt
from California panticulatus n. sp.

The three species spraguei, gracilior (longicollis \\ Mots.) and
horni, of LeConte, also belong apparently to this group, but not
having representatives of them at hand it is impossible to insert
them definitely in the above table.

CICINDELID.E AND CARABID^E 125

Group V — angustus Dej.

This group is composed of a moderate number of very small,
parallel, more or less slender and sometimes linear species, inhabit-
ing the more median parts of the Pacific coast regions, and, besides
angustus, includes inanis and perhaps also caligans of G. H. Horn.
Those before me may be known as follows:

Form not exactly parallel, the prothorax evidently narrower than the
elytra, piceous-black, moderately shining, the elytra slightly aluta-
ceous; head rather small, the impressions deep, abrupt, narrow and
cleft-like, feebly diverging; eyes rather well developed, but not
very convex; prothorax slightly longer than wide, the sides broadly
arcuate, gradually converging behind very nearly to the angles, where
there is a short strong sinus, the angles acute and rather prominent;
base margined only very near the sides, four-fifths the maximum
width; surface convex, extremely finely margined, the stria fine,
not entire, inner impression linear, fine, moderately deep, more
than a fifth the total length, the outer also fine, linear and deep like
the inner, but only slightly more than half as long; elytra oblong-
oval, nearly three-fourths longer than wide, twice as long as the
prothorax and a fourth or fifth wider, evenly rounded behind, the
sides very feebly arcuate and parallel; striae fine but rather deep,
smooth and impunctate, the scutellar moderately long but extremely
fine, the intervals not quite flat; striae on the flanks finer and feebler
than those thence to the suture; line of lateral foveae very broadly
interrupted; legs only moderately long, rather slender. Female
slightly stouter than the male just described, with more oval and
laterally rounded elytra and shorter outer thoracic impression,
bounded externally by a more obtuse elevation. Length (cf 9 )
10.0-10.5 mm.; width 3.2-3.5 mm. California (Placer Co.),—
Koebele inanis Horn

Form exactly parallel, the elytra not distinctly wider than the prothorax,
the latter with entire basal margin ; size smaller 2

2 — Form stouter, dark rufous in color throughout and strongly shining;
head rather small, with the impressions unusually long, broad and
strong, slightly arcuate and diverging; eyes well developed but
not very convex; prothorax evidently longer than wide, parallel,
the base being even somewhat wider than the apex; sides broadly
and distinctly rounded, gradually feebly converging basally, be-
coming feebly sinuate very near the angles, which are nearly right
and very sharp but not prominent; base feebly sinuate medially,
strongly margined throughout the width and about eight-ninths ( 9 )
to six-sevenths (cf) the maximum width; surface convex, very
finely margined at the sides, the apex only feebly sinuate, the angles
narrowly rounded; stria fine, not entire, the basal impressions fine,
deep and lineiform, the outer about half as long as the inner and
still shorter and feebler in the female; elytra oblong, feebly arcuate
at the sides, rounded at apex, three-fifths longer than wide, dis-

126 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

tinctly less than twice as long as the prothorax and barely percep-
tibly wider, slightly more evidently in the female, the striae strong,
deep, impunctate, those on the flanks even coarser and deeper than
the others but more approximate; intervals convex, feebly so
suturad, the lateral line of foveae widely interrupted; scutellar
stria long, deep and distinct; humeral denticle small but strong;
legs moderate. Length (d71 9 ) 8.0-8.5 mm.; width 2.5-2.8 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Mts.) crucialis n. sp.

Form very slender, parallel, piceous-brown to obscure rufous, shining
throughout; head small though relatively larger than in the pre-
ceding, the impressions similar; eyes a little smaller and still less
convex; prothorax as long as wide ( 9 ) or somewhat elongate (cf),
the base and apex equal; sides only very feebly arcuate, a little more
rounding apically, very feebly converging, becoming very gradually
straight posteriorly to the minutely prominent angles; base much
more feebly margined than in the preceding and extremely near the
maximum width in both sexes; stria and impressions nearly similar
but with the lateral margin still distinctly narrower, excessively fine;
elytra almost similar in form and striation, except that the striae
are a little finer, especially on the flanks. Length (c? 9 ) 6.7-8.0
mm. ; width 2.0-2.25 mm. California (San Francisco and Napa Co.).
[linearis Lee.] angustus Dej.

Caligans Horn, which the author states (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc.,
1891, p. 33) should be included in this group, is said to be still
more slender and elongate than angustus, with very small eyes,
with single basal thoracic impressions and without trace of the
basal marginal line so conspicuous in angustus and especially in
crucialis; the elytral striae are said to be obsoletely punctate,
the length 10-11 mm., and the type locality Sylvania, Cal. The
hind trochanters of the male in inanis are two-thirds as long as
the femur and gradually attenuated to a very fine point; in the
male of angustus they are more oval, with the apex rather narrowly
blunt and are a little more than half as long as the femur; in the
male of crucialis they are distinctly less than half as long as the
femur, still more oval and more obtuse at tip than in angustus.

Elongatus, of Schaeffer, apparently belongs to this group and is
probably closely allied to inanis, if not identical.

Group VI — longicollis Lee.

A special group seems advisable for a number of species, among
the most minute of the first division of Pterostichus in the LeContean
sense. They are stouter in form than those of the preceding
group and more ventricose as a rule, have but a single subbasal

CICINDELIM: AND CARABID.E 127

thoracic impression at each side and the base of the pronotum is
invariably margined from side to side; beyond these features
there is however considerable diversity in structure, especially
of the thoracic angles and sternal process. This group is rather
northern in range. The species in my collection may be defined as
follows, the typical species of the group apparently not at hand :

Hind angles of the prothorax distinctly defined and not rounded, though
sometimes obtuse 2

Hind angles broadly rounded 5

2 — Body decidedly ventricose, the prothorax much narrower than the
elytra; prosternal process not at all margined 3

Body more parallel, the elytra not or only slightly wider than the pro-
thorax (longicollis section) 4

3 — Form suboval, strongly convex, polished throughout, deep black,
the legs rufo-castaneous; head rather small, with deep diverging
impressions of moderate length; eyes well developed and rather
convex; labrum unusually small, feebly sinuato-truncate, with
rounded angles; antennae rather short; prothorax as long as wide
( 9 ) to slightly elongate (cf), the sides well rounded, converging
posteriorly, becoming very briefly though distinctly sinuate just
before the angles, which are right, very sharp and subprominent;
base very faintly sinuate (cT) to rectilinear (9 ), strongly margined,
four-fifths the maximum width; apex very feebly sinuate, with the
» angles nearly right and scarcely at all blunt; surface convex, very
finely margined, the stria distinct, attaining base but not apex,
the depression nearly linear, impressed, deep, rather sharp at the
bottom, a fourth the total length, the surface external thereto
convex; elytra short, oval, only two-fifths longer than wide, two-
fifths wider than the prothorax, obtusely rounded at apex, the sides
arcuate; humeral denticle wholly obsolete; striae fine, well impressed
and punctulate (d71), or feeble and impunctate (9), the series of
lateral foveae not interrupted but more widely spaced medially;
legs moderate; tarsi very slender; hind trochanters of the male obtuse
at tip, nearly half as long as the femur. Length (cf 9 ) 7.5-8.2 mm.;
width 2.5-2.8 mm. Oregon (Clackamas Co.) pumilis n. sp.

Form suboval, moderately convex, shining throughout, obscure testa-
ceous in color, the legs even slightly paler; head rather small, with
strongly diverging, moderate, arcuate and lineiform impressions,
the labrum and eyes as in pumilis; antennae moderate; prothorax
barely as long as wide to a little shorter, the sides broadly rounded
from apex almost to the basal angles, where they become very
slightly sinuate, the angles slightly obtuse though sharply defined;
basal marginal line fine and deep, the median sinus feeble, the base
nearly five-sixths the maximum width and a little wider than the
apex, which is very evenly and moderately sinuate, the angles right
and slightly blunt, deflexed; surface moderately convex, the im-
pression rather short and shallow and not attaining the base, further

128 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

from the sides than in the preceding; median stria fine, subentire;
lateral margins very fine; elytra evenly oval and convex, short,
not one-half longer than wide, fully a third wider than the prothorax,
the striae fine, feebly impressed, impunctate, the intervals nearly
flat; scutellar stria forming an evenly continuous part of the first
stria, the basal part of the latter being widely detached and perfectly
similar in the two female examples at hand; legs short, the tarsi
rather long, very slender. Length (9 ) 6.7-7.1 mm.; width 2.3-2.6
mm. California (Humboldt Co. — Hoopa Valley of the Trinity
River) humilis n. sp.

4 — Subparallel, rather stout, strongly convex, shining throughout and
deep black, the legs pale castaneo-rufous; head small, the impressions
deep, straight and very strongly diverging; eyes convex and well
developed, the antennae moderate, testaceous throughout; prothorax
relatively large, as wide as long, the sides parallel, just visibly ar-
cuate, rounding apically and moderately converging in about basal
third, becoming broadly and just visibly sinuate toward the angles,
which are very obtuse, due to the adjacent arcuation of the base,
but minutely and sharply subprominent at apex; base broadly,
feebly sinuate medially, arcuate laterally, the marginal line entire
but very fine ; apex as in humilis but with more rounded angles ; surface
convex, moderately finely margined at the sides, the impression
short, a fifth the total length, attaining the base but extremely
feebly and subindefinitely impressed; median stria strong, subentire;
elytra short, oblong-oval, convex, scarcely one-half longer than wide,
about a sixth wider than the prothorax and much less than twice
as long, the apex subevenly rounded; sides broadly and moderately
arcuate, the humeral denticle minute though evident; striae smooth
and impunctate, strong and deep, the intervals rather strongly
convex from suture to sides, not different on the flanks, the line of
foveae uninterrupted ; scutellar stria extremely short and very oblique;
prosternal process obtuse and finely, strongly margined at tip;
tarsi moderately long, very slender. Length (d71) 6.8 mm.; width
2.6 mm. California (locality unknown) fuchsi Schf.

5 — Body elongate, parallel, shining throughout and rather convex, red-
brown in color; head relatively large, being three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, the impressions abrupt externally, gradually
shallow internally, oblique; eyes well developed, moderately convex;
prothorax as long as wide to a little longer, the sides broadly, sub-
evenly arcuate, a little more rounding apically and slightly more
converging basally, though rounded, to the obliterated and broadly
rounded basal angles, the base finely margined, barely two-thirds
the maximum width, the apex much wider than the base and having
nearly the maximum width, evenly and moderately sinuate, with
the angles rather obtuse and distinctly rounded; surface evenly con-
vex, excessively finely margined at the sides, the depression short,
linear but impressed, not attaining the base, the stria fine but rather
deep, not quite entire; elytra short, oblong-oval, not quite one-
hall longer than wide, not distinctly wider than the prothorax (cf1),
the sides broadly arcuate, the apex rounded; striae impunctate,

ClCINDELHXE AND CARABID/E 129

moderately impressed, the scutellar very short, barely extending
beyond the fovea, the intervals feebly convex; subapical marginal
sinus almost obsolete; legs rather short, the tarsi very slender; pro-
sternal intercoxal process not margined. Length (cf ) 7-2~7-7 mm.;
width 2.55-2.65 mm. California (Humboldt Co. — Arcata). Three
examples ovicollis Schf .

The only one of the above species that can be compared with
longicollis Lee., is fuchsi, and on direct comparison of the above
described example of the latter, as identified from description,
with the type of longicollis many years ago, I made this note:
"Somewhat resembles longicollis but more robust and with a
much slighter sinuation near the basal angles." In his original
description of longicollis, LeConte states that it is piceous-black,
elongate, subcylindric, with the prothorax rather convex, appar-
ently somewhat longer than wide and with the sides rounded,
posteriorly narrowed, striate at each side at base, the sides
briefly sinuate before the small and prominent basal angles ; elytra
striate, with the intervals almost flat and the striae moderately
deep, impunctate, elongate, not wider than the prothorax, the
scutellar stria very short; prosternal process not margined. Length
8.2 mm. Oregon. From the original description of sphodrinns, that
species would appear to be allied as much to this group as to adoxus,
but the size is somewhat larger and the geographic habitat widely
different. Arizonicus Schf. may be attached provisionally to this
group.

Group VII— adoxus Say.

The reasons for adopting this group rest almost as much upon
habitat as habitus ; it is the only group of the first division — having
no dorsal elytral fovea — that occurs in the Atlantic regions of the
continent, excepting a group possibly necessitated by sphodrinus,
as implied above, and includes such forms as adoxus, zephyrus,
grandiceps and rostratus, of strongly convex, somewhat ventricose
form, highly polished, deep black integuments throughout and
strongly convex strial intervals, these characters imparting a
facies quite different from anything occurring in the Pacific regions.
Omitting for the present rostratus and grandiceps, which differ from
adoxus and allies in the very large head, the four species before me
may be known as follows:

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913-

130 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Prothorax very moderately narrowed posteriorly, the base fully three-
fourths the maximum width 2

Prothorax strongly narrowed posteriorly, the base very distinctly less
than three-fourths the maximum width 3

2 — Form more elongate and less ventricose, the elytra (cf ) longer, fully
two-thirds longer than wide and barely a third wider than the pro-
thorax, the latter larger than in adoxus but of the same general form,
except that the basal angles are distinctly rounded; elytra similar
in striation, except that the scutellar stria is very short, being
simply a posterior attenuation of the fovea; legs rufo-castaneous,
the femora a little darker. Length (cf1) 13.5-13.8 mm. ; width 4.8 mm.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania rejectus Lee.

Form less elongate and more ventricose; head moderate, the impressions
rather fine but deep, arcuate and diverging; epistoma sinuato-
truncate, the labrum rectilinearly truncate; prothorax nearly as
long as wide, the sides rounded, gradually converging, becoming
straight posteriorly, then broadly and very faintly sinuate to the
angles, which are sharp and generally slightly prominent, the single
latero-basal impression long, broadly and deeply concave, the stria
distinct but not entire; apex very feebly sinuate, the angles scarcely
advanced and well rounded; elytra (cf ) only about one-half longer
than wide and fully two-fifths wider than the prothorax, the scutellar
stria long and deep. Length (cf 9 ) 11.5-14.0 mm.; width 4.0-
4.8 mm. Rhode Island and Lake Champlain to North Carolina
(Asheville). Fifteen examples, [tristis Dej. and interfector Newm.].

adoxus Say

3 — Head smaller, less than three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the
impressions rather deep, arcuate though subparallel, the eyes larger
than in adoxus but less convex; prothorax relatively still smaller,
nearly as long as wide, the sides more strongly rounded, more con-
verging posteriorly and becoming very deeply sinuate for a long
distance before the angles, which are acute and laterally very
prominent; base much more deeply sinuate; apex more sinuate,
the angles less rounded; surface similarly convex, the impressions
and median stria nearly similar; elytra still shorter, less than one-
half longer than wide, two-fifths wider than the prothorax, the striae
similarly very deep though not wholly unmodified as they are in
adoxus, but faintly crenulate, the scutellar shorter but evident.
Length (cf) 11.5 mm.; width 4.25 mm. Locality unrecorded.

zephyrus Csy.

Head as in adoxus, fully three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the im-
pressions similar, the eyes rather large, very convex; prothorax
nearly similar, except as stated above, and in being slightly narrower
and apparently somewhat longer than wide; elytra notably narrower
and more elongate, evidently more than one-half longer than wide,
fully two-fifths wider than the prothorax, the striae very deep, smooth
and unmodified, the intervals very convex, the scutellar stria long.
Length (9) 11.3-12.5 mm.; width 4.4-4.6 mm. Wisconsin (Bay-
field),— Wickham tetricula n. sp.

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID^E 131

Rejectus is well distinguished from adoxus by its more elongate
form, elongate elytra and larger pro thorax, having the basal angles
blunt though to a varying degree; it is principally distinct, however,
in the very different scutellar stria, as described above. Zephyrus
is widely distinct from any of the others in the large and deep ante-
angular sinus at the sides of the prothorax and the very acute and
laterally prominent angles, as well as the still shorter elytra, with
feebly crenulate striae, smaller head and general habitus. Tetricula
is allied to adoxus rather closely, but may be distinguished at once
by the narrower and more elongate outline, more posteriorly
narrowed prothorax and longer elytra. As to sustentus and sub-
arcuatus, of LeConte, I am unwilling to express an opinion in the
absence of the types. A note which I made on viewing the type of
sustentus, states that it is not zephyrus, the thoracic sides being
much more strongly sinuate basally in the latter, and that sustentus
is a valid species; its habitus must therefore be visibly different
from that of adoxus. One female from an unrecorded locality
before me is much stouter than any other example of adoxus, but
does not seem to differ much otherwise, except in the obtuse and
blunt basal thoracic angles; its dimensions are 12.8 by 5.0 mm.

The more systematic part of the present study of Pterostichus
ends here, but allusion will be made to some other groups as follows:

Diligendus group.

This group begins a long series of Pterostichids having dorsal
foveiform punctures on the elytra and they are more essentially
peculiar to the Atlantic faunal regions; here there is but a single
puncture on each elytron, situated behind the middle near the third
stria, or between the second and third. Heretofore the group has
been considered purely Atlantic in range, but the following species
shows that it extends to the Pacific coast :

Pterostichus wrangelli n. sp. — Subparallel, moderately convex, shining,
black, the elytra, under surface and legs with a piceous tinge, the tro-
chanters and tarsi paler; head rather small, the impressions moderate,
arcuately diverging, the eyes convex; labrum rectilinearly truncate;
antennae testaceous throughout; prothorax about a sixth wider than long,
the sides rounded, converging posteriorly, becoming broadly though
very distinctly sinuate toward the angles, which are right, very sharp
and somewhat prominent or subeverted; base feebly sinuate medially,
margined laterally, nearly five-sixths the maximum width, the apex feebly

132 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

sinuate and with rather broadly rounded angles; surface rather depressed,
flattened or subimpressed latero-basally, the inner impression moderately
long but feeble, attaining the base, the outer obsolete, the lateral margins
moderate, rather abruptly widening at base; elytra oblong, one-half
longer than wide, parallel, with feebly arcuate sides and rather obtusely
rounded apex, barely a fourth wider than the prothorax, the striae smooth
and unmodified, deeply impressed, the scutellar very short, barely ex-
tending beyond the fovea, the intervals rather strongly convex through-
out; fovea a little behind the middle, on the left midway between the
second and third striae in the type, on the right near the third stria;
lateral series of fovese not interrupted; prosternal intercoxal process
obsoletely margined at the sides, strongly so about the very broadly
obtuse apex; legs moderate, the first two joints of the rather slender hind
tarsi strongly grooved externally. Length (cf ) 10.8 mm.; width 4.0 mm.
Alaska (Fort Wrangell), — Wickham.

The last abdominal segment of the male has a fine but strong
abrupt carina, extending not quite to the base, the summit of which
is abruptly and sharply tuberculate at about the centre of the
segment, the adjoining surface not impressed. This structure
strongly recalls a corresponding sexual character in the compara-
tively gigantic species of Holciophorus. The type of this interesting
species was found among numerous examples of castaneus Dej., from
about the same region; it is a little larger and more parallel, but
otherwise presents very nearly the same outward appearance.

The species described by the writer under the name oscidans,
proves to be the same as diligendus Chd. (Lee.) and indeed was so
identified by Horn (Ent. Amer., I, 1885, p. 108); the single dorsal
fovea had been unobserved in drawing up the original description.
Some years subsequently Dr. Horn discovered, through Baron
Chaudoir, that the true diligendus of that author, was the species
named mancus by LeConte, rendering it necessary to find another
name for diligendus Lee. nee Chd. An old MS name of LeConte
was thereupon utilized by Dr. Horn for this purpose, and the name
of LeConte 's diligendus now appears in our lists under the name
apalachius Horn (Lee. MS), wholly disregarding the fact that the
name osculans had been given the species by the writer — necessarily
to this species and none other, as, at the time Dr. Horn gave out
his synonymy of osculans, there was no other interpretation of
diligendus Chd., than that of LeConte, and also as it truly agrees
with that interpretation (Proc. Acad. Phila., 1873, p. 305) in the male
sexual characters, which are quite different from those of mancus.
The name of the species with synonymy is therefore as follows :

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID/E 133

Pterostichus osculans Csy. — Cont. Descr. and Syst. Col., N. A.,
Phila, 1884, Pt. I, p. 2; diligendus Lee. nee Chd. — Proc. Acad. Phila.,
1873, p. 305; apalachins Horn — Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., 1892, p. 41 (typo-
graphic error for appalachius).

While referring to typographic error, it should be stated that
LeConte inadvertently misspelled the name of his Pterostichus
corrusculus (1. c., 1873, p. 310), which should of course be corusculus.
Mr. Frost recently sent me a specimen of this remarkably small
Pterostichus, taken near Framingham, Mass., and some time before
I had received from New Haven an example of a still more minute
but otherwise somewhat similar species, though with shorter elytra
and larger head, said to have been found in a box of nursery stock
from England.

Stygicus group.

Of this conspicuous group of polished black, deeply striate,
Atlantic species, my collection still lacks superciliosus Say and
agonus Horn, but there are three species at hand that do not fit
any of the descriptions thus far published; these are the following:

Pterostichus probus n. sp. — Oblong, elongate, convex, deep black and
polished; head four-sevenths as wide as the prothorax, the impressions
very large, broadly concave; labrum transverse, rectilinearly truncate;
antennae rather long, the tenth joint on the flat side nearly two and one-
half times as long as wide; prothorax large, a fifth wider than long, some-
what obtrapezoidal, the sides rounded anteriorly, becoming oblique and
straight in about basal half, the angles obtuse and rounded; base broadly
sinuate medially, four-fifths the maximum width; surface convex, deeply
concave and strongly reflexed along the side margins, the impressions
broadly confluent, the concavity punctate, the lateral carina parallel
with the sides and strong; median stria strong and entire; elytra nearly
two-thirds longer than wide, distinctly wider behind the middle than at
base and fully two-fifths wider than the prothorax, rapidly rounding
behind to the subangular apex, the sides feebly converging and almost
straight from about the middle to the slight humeral rounding, the
denticle wholly obsolete; striae very deep, finely punctulate along the
bottom, the scutellar long and deep, the intervals all very convex and
polished; tarsi long and notably slender, piceo-rufous. Length (9)
18.0 mm.; width 6.4 mm. North Carolina (Asheville).

Allied to cor acinus Newm., but differing in the more oblong, less
convex, more rectilinearly basally narrowed elytra, longer and much
more slender tarsi and in the form of the mentum tooth, this being
moderately emarginate in coracinus, but sinuate half way to the base

134 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

in probus, with the sides in the form of thin vertical wings; the
antennae also are much longer.

Pterostichus erebeus n. sp. — Much smaller, more slender and very
much less convex, similar in color and in the polished lustre, except that
the tarsi also are black; head nearly similar, the labrum less transverse;
antennae shorter, the tenth joint a little less than twice as long as wide;
prothorax but slightly wider than long, the sides almost evenly rounded
from apex to base, more converging basally, the angles very broadly
rounded, almost obliterated; base feebly sinuate medially and arcuate
laterally, nearly four-fifths the maximum width; surface with feeble
transverse wavy lines, strongly and deeply margined and reflexed at the
sides, deeply striate along the middle, the basal impressions completely
fused, forming a deep elongate-oval cavity, which is rugulose at the
bottom, the carina strong but short, converging toward the edge pos-
teriorly as in adjunctus; elytra oblong, rounded parabolically at tip,
parallel, with very feebly arcuate sides, only very moderately convex,
three-fifths longer than wide, nearly a third wider than the prothorax,
the striae deep, impunctate, the scutellar long and deep, joining the first
as in the preceding and coracinus and perfectly continuous with the first
stria, the basal part of which is detached; intervals very strongly convex;
tarsi moderately long and slender. Length ( 9 ) 14.0 mm. ; width 4.8 mm.
Wisconsin (Bay field), — Wickham.

Allied to coracinus but very much smaller and differing also in
the narrower form, much more flattened upper surface, still more
broadly rounded thoracic angles and shorter, though strongly
developed, carina. From adjunctus Lee., which I believe to be valid,
it differs in the broadly rounded basal thoracic angles, narrower
and less convex form, smaller size and many other features.

Pterostichus vapidus n. sp. — Oblong-oval, rather strongly convex,
deep black and polished throughout, the tarsi piceous; head fully three-
fifths as wide as the prothorax, the impressions rather deep and broadly
concave; labrum truncate, with the angles rounded; tenth antennal joint
(cf ) twice as long as wide, the antennae brown as usual; prothorax a
fifth wider than long, nearly as in coracinus, but with the hind angles
more rounded, the broadly confluent impressions forming a pit, punctured
but with the central parts slightly convex, the carina almost similar;
elytra very short, oval, two-fifths longer than wide, a third wider than
the prothorax, the sides strongly arcuate; striae deep, completely im-
punctate, the scutellar long and deep, joining the first without interrupt-
in,g the latter; intervals convex; tarsi very slender. Length (cf) 12.5 mm.;
width 4.8 mm. New York (Adirondack Mts.), — Prof. Kemp.

The left side of the prothorax at base, in the unique type, is
distorted, the setigerous fovea in the hind angle being greatly en-
larged, and the elytral striae are distorted and irregular internally

ClCINDELHXE AND CARABID^ 135

though not externally, but I do not think that the peculiar brevity of
the elytra, they being only equal in length to the head and prothorax
combined, can be due to abnormality, as they are symmetrical in
outline. This species differs very much from any other in general
appearance, and, from any form of cor acinus, in its absolutely
impunctate striae.

Of coracimts, there are a number of subordinate forms, mutually
so closely allied, however, that it would require careful and detailed
study, with very large material, to delimit and define them.

Ventralis group.

A few small species, having remarkably polished integuments and
coarse and externally subobliterated, generally strongly punctate
stride, alone constitute this group ; the dorsal f oveae are generally three
in number. LeConte included tumescens in his most recent arrange-
ment, but I think the general habitus of this species, and several
others allied thereto which are at hand, having oblique thoracic
impressions, should rather form part of Evarthrus than of Pterostichus.
The following is allied to ventralis:

Pterostichus putus n. sp. — Form rather slender, moderately convex,
polished throughout and testaceous in color; head rather short, moderate
in size, the impressions short, deep and arcuate; labrum with rounded
angles; prothorax about a fifth wider than long, the sides evenly and
strongly rounded from apex to base, more converging basally, the angles
very obtuse and rounded; base unmargined, sinuate from side to side
and narrow, but little more than half the maximum width; surface
subevenly convex, very finely margined at the sides, the single latero-
basal impression longitudinal, linear, not attaining the base; median
stria very fine and feeble; elytra three-fourths longer than wide, not
evidently wider than the prothorax, oblong-oval, with feebly arcuate sides
and strongly rounded subparabolic apex, the strise strong, moderately
impressed, rather closely and conspicuously punctate, the seventh feeble,
wholly obliterated before the middle, the scutellar subobsolete, hardly
visible behind the fovea; intervals very moderately convex; tarsi rather
short, very slender. Length (cf 9 ) 8.5-8.7 mm.; width 2.6-2.8 mm.
Texas.

The abdomen is punctured irregularly toward the sides as in
ventralis, from which putus may readily be distinguished by the
narrower form, narrower thoracic base and finer side margins, the
former sinuate throughout the width and not merely medially, as
it is in ventralis, in the very much stronger, closer and more con-

136 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

spicuous strial punctures, less obliterated lateral striae and still
more vestigial scutellar stria, more slender tarsi and in general
habitus to an appreciable extent.

Abacidus Lee.

The very peculiar habitus of this group probably warrants the
retention of the name Abacidus Lee., but Peristethus Lee., should be
regarded as synonymous. The characters given by LeConte for
the separation of groups D and E of Pterostichus (Bull. Bk., 1882,
p. 17) are repeated frequently in true Pterostichus and therefore
should not be regarded as generic in this case. Fallax Dej., of
which a pair was sent me by Mr. Manee, collected in North Caro-
lina, is the type of Abacidus and a very strongly differentiated
species, as is also hamiltoni Horn. I do not seem to have a single
example of sculptus, which is said to be common in the South. The
following is either a distinct species or a very remarkable modifica-
tion of permundus; I feel disposed to adopt the former hypothesis
at least provisionally :

Abacidus planifer n. sp. — Oblong-oval, feebly convex, the elytra
broadly flattened medially, deep shining black throughout; head as in
permundus; prothorax also as in that species, except that the outer
impression is more oblique and that the entire surface is covered with a
system of feeble transverse wavy lines, as in many California species of
the planctus group; punctures on the deplanate side margins fine and
sparse; elytra subequal in width to the prothorax, as in permundiis,
except that the striae are completely impunctate and the intervals through-
out perfectly flat; groove of the first hind tarsal joint fine, barely glimps-
able and subob^olete; abdomen punctured and rugulose laterally; pro-
sternal process margined behind as in permundus. Length (9) 15-°
mm.; width 5.8 mm. Indiana.

The peculiar transverse wavy lines of the pronotum and the per-
fectly flat strial intervals, are the principal distinguishing features
of this form, but I cannot judge of the constancy of these characters,
having only a single example at hand.

Poecilus Bon.

Luctiblandus group.

The variations in form, color, convexity and lustre of the strial
intervals, number of dorsal foveae and size, among the numerous
representatives of lucublandus Say, from various parts of the coun-

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID.E 137

try, are very remarkable and one of these was named Pterostichus
manhattanis by the writer many years ago; I am convinced that
it is a synonym of that species, however, so far as evidence at hand
is interpretable and as stated by Horn, but I think that that form
which is so abundant in Utah — dark greenish-black, a little smaller
and shorter than lucublandus and apparently named fraternus by
Say — is a valid species; the prothorax is always much shorter and
more transverse than in lucublandus. These species will constitute
a well denned group of Pcecilus and in some ways, such as the struc-
ture of the pronotum, come between Abacidus and the next group,
probably of more typical Pcecihis, although the three basal joints
of the antennae are similarly carinate.

Chalcites group.

Pcecihis is now generally accorded generic weight, so that the
original name chalcites, given by Say to the species subsequently
named sayi by Brulle, becomes valid. Two unnamed species have
recently been received as follows :

Poecilus snowi n. sp. — Elongate-suboval, moderately convex, shining,
very dark violaceous-blue to obscure green in color; under surface and
legs deep black; head small, half as wide as the prothorax (cf), a little
less (9), the impressions deep, parallel, broadly concave and separated
by twice the distance of either from the sides; epistoma and labrum trun-
cate; palpi black; antennae black, the two basal joints largely testaceous,
the carina of the three basal joints strong; prothorax a sixth to fifth
wider than long, the sides evenly arcuate from apex to base, more con-
verging anteriorly, the basal angles obtuse but minutely and denticularly
prominent; base a fourth wider than the apex, fully seven-eighths the
maximum width, margined except medially and transverse; surface
convex, finely and abruptly reflexed at the sides throughout, the stria
rather strong, subentire, the inner impression deep, sharply marked at
the bottom and linear, the outer elongate-oval, very near the base, both
impunctate; elytra oblong-oval, three-fifths to two-thirds longer than
wide, rather flattened inwardly, the sides parallel, feebly arcuate, the
apex subangularly rounded, scarcely a fourth wider than the prothorax,
the striae moderate, finely punctate, the scutellar long, the intervals
only very feebly convex. Length (cf 9 ) 11.7-13.5 mm.; width 4.3-5.0
mm. Arizona (San Bernardino Ranch, Cochise Co.), — F. H. Snow.

Allied to texanus Lee., but differing in its narrower and more
elongate form, much more elongate prothorax, darker and less
brightly metallic coloration, less evident abdominal punctures and
somewhat longer antennae and hind tarsi. From cyaneus it differs

138 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

in its more anteriorly narrowed and less transverse prothorax,
much larger eyes and longer scutellar stria.

Poecilus pimalis n. sp. — Form rather stout, oblong, moderately convex,
shining, metallic green, the anterior parts more obscure, the under surface
black, the legs piceous-black; head small, barely more than half as wide
as the prothorax, the eyes large, convex and prominent, the antennae
testaceous throughout, the three basal joints carinate; impressions rather
long and sharply marked, diverging; prothorax a third wider than long,
the sides evenly rounded from apex to base, the angles obtuse but mi-
nutely and denticularly subprominent; base a fifth wider than the apex,
four-fifths the maximum width, transverse, the marginal groove broadly
interrupted medially; surface moderately convex, very finely margined
at the sides throughout, the stria very fine, far from entire, the inner
impression rather shallow but sharply linear, flexed outward slightly
basally, the outer very short and feeble; punctures wanting; elytra oblong,
but little more than one-half longer than wide, parallel, with nearly
straight sides, rounding at base and parabolic at apex, nearly a third
wider than the prothorax; humeral denticle wholly obsolete; striae rather
abruptly deep, fine and feeble externally, finely punctate, the scutellar
long and parallel; intervals feebly convex internally, flat externally,
the sixth and seventh striae subobsolete basally; tarsi rather long and
slender. Length (9) u.o mm.; width 4.4 mm. Arizona (Tugson).

There appears to be no described species with which this can be
closely compared. I obtained a single specimen in the suburbs of
the town; the anterior tarsi are missing, but it appears to be a
female.

Bothriopterus Chd.

The species of the luczoti group have a consistent habitus, differ-
ing materially from any type of Pterostichus preceding, and, as the
above name now exists in the literature of the subject, it may as well
be utilized to distinguish them in a generic sense. The species are
rather numerous, but are deficient in structural diversity; they all
have five or six strong elytral foveae; those in my cabinet may be
known by the following general characters :

Elytra strongly shining in both sexes. Body larger, stouter and more
convex, black, the legs and antennae black, the latter gradually
brown apically; head moderate, the eyes prominent, the impressions
somewhat vestigial, indistinct; labrum nearly black, the palpi pale
testaceous; prothorax large, the sides evenly rounded from apex to
base, the angles very obtuse, but slightly and obtusely prominent;
sides rather narrowly but strongly reflexed; base equal in width to
the apex; linear impression deep, having but few punctures scattered
inwardly therefrom; elytra oblong, with broadly rounded sides

CICINDELID.E AND CARABID^; 139

and convex surface, about a fourth wider than the prothorax, the
striae punctulate, feebly impressed inwardly but not at all so exter-
nally, the five foveae strong. Length (9 ) 12.0 mm.; width 4.6 mm.
Pennsylvania — LeConte. Locality not indicated in the Levette
collection. Apparently not common pennsylvanicus Lee.

Elytra strongly shining in the male but more or less evidently sericeous
in the female 2

2 — Converging sides of the prothorax becoming distinctly sinuate toward
the basal angles. Body rather short in form, rather convex, shining,
black, the legs dark rufo-piceous, the palpi piceous-black; antennae
brown distally; head fully three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the
eyes rather prominent, the impressions short but somewhat deep,
distinct, diverging; prothorax not quite a third wider than long and
much narrower than the elytra, the sides rounded, converging and
sinuate basally, widest at two-fifths from the apex; angles right and
very sharply defined, subprominent; base barely visibly wider than
the apex; surface convex, rather abruptly though moderately
reflexed at the sides, having many punctures basally, except medially,
the linear impression deep, less than a third the total length; elytra
barely one-half longer than wide ( 9 ) to three-fifths (cf), oblong,
with slightly rounded sides, a little wider behind the middle than
at base, more than a third wider than the prothorax; surface polished
(cf) or not strongly sericeous (9), finely striate, the striae feebly
impressed suturally and basally, minutely, irregularly subpunctulate,
the scutellar very long, nearly a fifth the total length. Length
(cf 9 ) 10.5-1 1.2 mm. ; width 4.0-4.2 mm. California (Lake Tahoe).

latescans n. sp.

Converging thoracic sides oblique basally, feebly arcuate to straight,
never distinctly sinuate 3

3 — Form stouter, the elytra always distinctly wider than the prothorax;
female elytra sometimes very strongly sericeous and faintly brown-
ish 4

Form more elongate and more parallel, the elytra never more than very
slightly wider than the prothorax in either sex and never strongly
sericeous 7

4 — Prothorax relatively rather large and less transverse, the oblique
sides posteriorly generally feebly arcuate to the obtuse but minutely
denticulate basal angles. Body unusually stout, oblong-suboval,
black and strongly shining throughout (cf), or with the elytra
brownish and strongly, subopaquely sericeous (9); under surface
and legs piceous or rufescent, the palpi testaceous; head well de-
veloped, the impressions feeble and irregular; antennae blackish-
piceous; prothorax scarcely more than a fourth wider than long, the
base and apex equal, the sides rather strongly rounded, widest near
apical third; surface convex, rather thickly punctured laterally
toward base, broadly and strongly reflexed at the sides, the linear
impression deep and acute; elytra three-fifths (cf) to one-half (9)
longer than wide, oblong-oval, slightly widest behind the middle and
nearly a third wider than the prothorax, rather finely striate, the
striae faintly and closely, minutely and irregularly punctulate, more

140 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

impressed inwardly as usual, the scutellar long. Length (cf 9 )
1 1. o-i 1.7 mm.; width 4.3-4.6 mm. Lake Superior, [orinomus Kirby
nee Steph.] oblongonotatus Say

Prothorax relatively smaller and shorter, the oblique sides posteriorly
straight or nearly so 5

5 — Body larger and much stouter, nearly as in the preceding. Color
black throughout, the antennae and palpi rufo-piceous; surface
shining, the elytra (9) very strongly sericeous; head moderate,
the impressions feeble but evident, nearly straight; labrum black;
mandibles feebly rufescent basally; prothorax nearly two-fifths
wider than long, the sides rounded; base feebly arcuate, equal in
width to the apex, the angles very obtuse, the subprominent dentic-
ulation extremely feeble; surface and the rather broad margins
nearly as in the preceding; elytra relatively much larger, one-half
longer than wide, almost one-half wider than the prothorax and three
times as long, oblong, the striae very fine and unimpressed throughout
the width, very feebly and minutely irregular, the scutellar rather
long, the first evenly bifurcating basally. Length (9) n.8 mm.;
width 4.65 mm. Oregon (Clackamas Co.) sericeus n. sp.

Body smaller, rather less broad in form, the elytra of the female only
feebly sericeous 6

6 — Upper surface very moderately convex, shining; color deep black, the
legs black, the palpi piceous with the tip pale; head moderate, the
eyes rather large and prominent, the impressions distinct, arcuate
and diverging; labrum black; mandibles still shorter than in the
preceding, often rufescent; prothorax fully a third wider than long,
the sides rounded; angles obtuse but sharply defined, sometimes very
minutely subprominent; base transverse, barely as wide as the apex;
surface with a moderate patch of close punctures latero-basally and
with the linear impression rather short but deep, the side margins
unusually deeply and strongly channeled and reflexed; elytra three-
fifths longer than wide, polished, a little shorter and evidently,
though not very strongly, sericeous in the female, about a fourth
wider than the prothorax, the striae fine, gradually moderately im-
pressed suturally (d71) or very fine and unimpressed throughout (9 ).
Length (cf 9 ) 9.2-10.7 mm.; width 3.2-3.9 mm. Alaska (Fort
Wrangel), — Wickham; British Columbia (Metlakatla), — Keen and
California (Siskiyou Co.), — Koebele. [vitreus Dej., seriepunctatiis
Mann, and oblongiusculus Mots.]. Abundant. .. .adstrictus Esch.

Upper surface more convex, black, shining, the legs slightly picescent,
the palpi pale piceo-testaceous; antennae brown, blackish at base;
labrum black; head moderate, with prominent convex eyes, the
impressions somewhat broad and ill-defined though rather deep;
mandibles small; prothorax less transverse than in adstrictus, nearly
a third wider than long, the sides almost evenly rounded from apex
to base, the angles obtuse but minutely and acutely subprominent,
the base transverse, barely as wide as the apex; side margins much
less widely reflexed or deeply channeled than in adstrictus, the punc-
tures and impressions nearly similar; elytra nearly similar but a
little more elongate, a fourth to nearly a third wider than the pro-

ClCINDELID^ AND CARABID^E

thorax, the striae fine and very feebly, irregularly quasi-punctulate
as usual, barely at all impressed suturally even in the male as a rule,
the scutellar long, generally not joining the first; lustre strongly shin-
ing though very faintly alutaceous (cf ) or but little more evidently
so (9 ), this character being less developed than in any of the pre-
ceding species. Length (cf 9 ) 9.8-11.2 mm.; width 3.6-4.0 mm.
California (Truckee, near Lake Tahoe, elev. about 6000'). Abun-
dant latebricola n. sp.

7— Elytra feebly aeneous in lustre. Body rather narrow and elongate,
moderately convex, very shining, black, the legs feebly picescent,
the palpi rufo-piceous, rufous distally; antennae blackish-piceous,
gradually brownish distally; head moderate, the impressions not deep
and somewhat diffuse; labrum black, with rather broadly rounded
angles; prothorax a third to two-fifths wider than long, the sides
moderately rounded, generally somewhat arcuate to the minutely
prominent though obtuse basal angles, the base feebly sinuate medi-
ally, fully as wide as the apex or a little wider; surface convex, only
moderately punctured latero-basally, the sides rather deeply concave
and reflexed but not very wide, the impressions strong and the basal
marginal groove at the sides deep; elytra rather long, two-thirds
(cf) to three-fifths (9) longer than wide and respectively a sixth
to nearly a fourth wider than the prothorax, the striae fine, not notice-
ably impressed in either sex even suturally, those on the flanks so
fine as to be almost obsolescent; lustre shining (cf ) or very faintly
sericeous ( 9 ), the scutellar stria very long, joining the first. Length
(cf 9 ) 10.5-11.0 mm.; width 3.4-3.8 mm. Labrador (W. St.
Modest), — Sherman; Rhode Island and Arkansas. Newfoundland

— Dejean (type locality). Females rather rare luczoti Dej.

Elytra not at all aeneous in lustre; species of the western faunal regions. .8
8 — Striae strongly impressed, the intervals notably convex, gradually a
little less so apically. Body black, shining; head moderate, the
impressions rather deep but irregular; mandibles finely, closely
strigose medially; palpi testaceous, piceous basally; prothorax about
a fourth wider than long, the sides rounded, moderately oblique
and straight posteriorly, the angles obtuse but denticularly promi-
nent; base not quite so wide as the apex; surface convex, rather
broadly and deeply channeled and reflexed at the sides, the basal
punctures and impressions about as usual in the preceding; elytra
three-fifths longer than wide, only a fourth or fifth wider than the
prothorax, parallel, the sides feebly arcuate; striae impunctate, the
scutellar long and as deep as the others; surface excessively faintly
alutaceous, the micro-reticulation visible but not strong; tarsi
moderately slender. Length (cf ) n.o mm.; width 4.0 mm. Cali-
fornia (Siskiyou Co.), — Koebele shastanus n. sp.

Striae feebly or very moderately impressed as usual 9

9 — Body elongate, convex, subparallel, deep black, polished, the legs
scarcely paler, the palpi rufo-piceous; head moderate, the impressions
fine, feebly arcuate, distinct and regular or nearly so; prothorax only
a fourth to fifth wider than long, the sides broadly and moderately
rounded, oblique and feebly arcuate to nearly straight basally, the

142 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

angles obtuse, obtusely subprominent; base equal in width to the
apex, four-fifths the maximum width; surface convex, the lateral
concave margin moderate, the latero-basal punctures unusually few
and fine, the median stria and longitudinal impressions strong;
elytra parallel, fully three-fifths longer than wide, a little shorter
(9), a fourth to fifth wider than the prothorax (cf), sjightly more
(9), the lustre respectively polished or feebly sericeous, the striae
fine, irregularly subpunctulate. Length (cf 9 ) n.o-n.S mm.;
width 4.0-4.3 mm. Rocky Mountains, from Arizona to Idaho.
Abundant in Boulder Co., Colorado. The female much less common

than the male saxatilis n. sp.

Body shorter in form, similar in coloration and lustre in both sexes;
head nearly similar; palpi testaceous throughout; prothorax much
shorter and more transverse, fully a third wider than long, the sides
strongly rounded, more strongly converging and nearly straight
posteriorly, the angles very obtuse but not rounded and rendered
somewhat prominent by the puncture in the bead; base distinctly
narrower than the apex and two-thirds to three-fourths the maxi-
mum width; surface convex, with rather deep stria and impressions
and a larger and denser patch of punctures latero-basally than in
the preceding, the sides similarly reflexed; elytra shorter, one-
half longer than wide and not wider than the prothorax (cf), or
slightly shorter (9). the lustre and striation as in the preceding,
except that the striae are less evidently, in fact scarcely at all, punctu-
late, the scutellar stria long. Length (cf 9 ) 10.7-11.7 mm.; width
3.75-4.2 mm. Colorado — Levette collection laxicollis n. sp.

In the long series of adstrictus before me, there is some diversity;
the Fort Wrangel examples, for instance, are a little larger and
very slightly more elongate than those from Metlakatla, and the
single Siskiyou specimen, which is a male, has somewhat shorter
and more posteriorly dilated elytra. It would be exceedingly diffi-
cult to work out all the taxonomic forms in this genus, and those
named above are the only ones that are obviously distinct by reason
of form, sculpture or lustre, combined with habital environment.
This diversity in the adstrictus type might have been inferred from
the many names already given, there being some published that
are not mentioned in the table, such as alternatus and obtusangulum
Mots., motschulskyi Makl., and sexpunctatus Mann. The syn-
onymy given above under adstrictus is taken from the recent
European catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise. The type of
vitreus Dej., was from Kamtschatka, and Dejean says nothing about
the sides of the prothorax being slightly sinuate behind, with the
hind angles right, as stated by LeConte. The separation, also, of

CICINDELIM: AND CARABID.E 143

luczoti from vitreus and orinomus Kirby, by the form of the thoracic
side margins appears to me to be impracticable.

The species placed here by LeConte under the name Pterostichus
oregonus (Proc. Acad. Phila., 1861, p. 339) is black, shining, the
elytra opaculate in the female, the prothorax not at all shorter than
wide, the converging sides subsinuate posteriorly and the sides
finely margined; hind angles nearly right, the latero-basal punc-
tures sparse and with the impression rather long, the elytral striae
fine and impunctate, the intervals flat, the fovese five in number and
the length 13.7-14.5 mm. It is said to resemble the eastern
adoxus very closely and has the thoracic margin no wider than in
that species. It must be a very exceptional type in the genus and
is unknown to me at present.

Piesmus Lee.

The type of this genus is the Feronia submarginata of Say, which
is placed as a synonym of monedula Germ., in the Munich catalogue,
among the chaotic mixture called Platysma. I have in my collec-
tion two species of Piesmus, one from North Carolina, more elongate,
with moderately impressed though coarse striae, which are distinctly
but not extremely punctured, which is the true submarginatus, and
the other, from Florida, having distinctly shorter elytra, the striae
of which are extremely coarse, in fact sulciform and still more
coarsely and conspicuously punctured, which may be regarded as
monedulus Germ. There is therefore no necessity for considering
Say's species a synonym, or even as a variety of monedulus.

Lophoglossus Lee.

The peculiar habitus of the species of Lophoglossus is consistent
throughout and quite distinct from that characterizing any of
the foregoing Pterostichid types, being remindful however in this
respect of Bothriopterus and Piesmus, so that it may be regarded
as one of the groups of the Platysma series. The body is oblong,
subparallel, only moderately convex, very polished, black as a rule,
with transverse prothorax and three dorsal foveae on the elytra.
The prothorax is strongly and conspicuously margined at the sides,
the latter becoming gradually oblique and usually broadly sinuate
posteriorly. The species are moderately numerous, the six in my
collection at the present time being easily recognizable as follows:

144 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Elytral striae deep and very distinct throughout the length, never more
than slightly stronger basally than apically 2

Elytral striae very much finer and feebler apically than basally; body
not so large; elytra polished in both sexes 3

2 — Body large and broad, deep black and very shining, the elytra in the
female opaque; legs, antennae and palpi black; head large, the
impressions long, very deep and straight; epistoma and labrum
sinuate; mandibles smooth; prothorax transverse, one-half wider
than the head, nearly one-half wider than long, the sides rounded,
converging and becoming straighter basally, the angles abruptly
right and prominent; base sinuate medially, wholly unmargined,
four-fifths the maximum width; surface broadly and feebly convex,
broadly channeled and strongly reflexed at the sides, the anterior
transverse impression acute and lineiform, the posterior obsolete,
the median stria deep, subentire, the latero-basal impressions very
deep, broadly confluent basally, the inner extending for two-fifths
from the base, having a few fine scattered punctures; elytra oblong,
two-fifths wider than the prothorax, one-half longer than wide, the
sides parallel and feebly arcuate, the tip broadly, obtusely rounded;
striae very fine but deeply impressed, minutely punctulate, the
seventh finer than the others but distinct throughout, the scutellar
long and deep, the intervals rather convex, feebly so externally, the
humeral denticle obsolete; under surface finely punctured laterally.
Length (9) 22.2 mm.; width 8.3 mm. Missouri (St. Louis).

haldemani Lee.

Body smaller and relatively narrower, shining in both sexes, black; palpi
black, the antennae brown, black basally; head rather large, the eyes
prominent ; impressions deeply concave and straight but much shorter
than in the preceding; prothorax transverse, fully two-fifths wider
than long, two-fifths wider than the head, the sides rounded, moder-
ately converging and becoming gradually rather deeply sinuate
basally, the angles right, slightly everted and prominent; base
fully five-sixths the maximum width; surface rather depressed,
the stria and transverse impressions as in the preceding, the lateral
margins more abruptly and much less widely reflexed, the confluent
basal impressions deeply concave, with but few punctures, the inner
extending less anteriorly than in haldemani; elytra longer, fully
three-fourths longer than wide, barely a third wider than the pro-
thorax, parallel, with feebly arcuate sides, the striae less fine, im-
punctate and very deeply impressed throughout the length, the
seventh feebler but distinct throughout, the intervals very convex;
middle tibiae (cf) with the subapical inner tooth small though acute
and erect, the apical process obsolete; last ventral evenly rounded
and minutely margined throughout, the median sinus almost com-
pletely obsolete. Length (cf) 17.8 mm.; width 6. o mm. New York.
[complanatus Dej., and strenuus Lee.] tartaricus Say

3 — Elytral striae distinct though fine posteriorly, with the intervals
there feebly but perceptibly convex; body much broader in form,
with the head larger. Form oblong, feebly convex, polished, black;
head well developed, with very prominent eyes, the impressions

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID/E 145

deep, broad and straight, extending posteriorly to a line through the
middle of the eyes; prothorax a third wider than the head, fully
two-fifths wider than long, the sides rounded, moderately converging
posteriorly, becoming gradually very broadly and feebly sinuate,
the hind angles right and rather sharply marked; base fully three-
fourths the maximum width; surface rather depressed, the transverse
impressions as in the preceding, the stria deep; confluent impressions
forming a deep concavity, which is scarcely at all punctured, the
inner and outer impressions more or less lineiform, separated by a
feeble convexity at the bottom of the concavity, the inner not
extending anteriorly more than slightly; lateral margin deeply but
not widely concave except basally, where it becomes broad as usual;
elytra short, oblong, less than one-half longer than wide, fully
two-fifths wider than the prothorax, the striae finely, very indistinctly
punctulate, deeply impressed basally, where the intervals are very
convex; seventh stria subobsolete throughout the length; male
with the subapical denticle of the middle tibiae very slender, small
in size, the apical process obsolete; last ventral evenly rounded and
with very fine marginal bead, having a small broad and scarcely
visible median sinuation. Length (cT 9 ) 15.0-17.7 mm.; width
5.8-6.6 mm. Indiana and Illinois. Cleveland, Ohio — LeConte.

scrutator Lee.

Elytral striae very fine, with flat intervals posteriorly, the body smaller
in size and of narrower and less depressed form 4

4 — Form moderately elongate and convex, polished and deep black
throughout in both sexes, the tarsi piceous; antennae dark brown,
blackish basally, the palpi rufo-piceous; head rather large, with very
prominent eyes, the impressions finer and shallower than in scrutator,
arcuate and not extending to the middle of the eyes; labrum sinuato-
truncate; prothorax formed nearly as in the preceding but with the
sides posteriorly not sinuate, being straight or very feebly arcuate
nearly to the angles, where there is a scarcely perceptible sinuation,
the angles very obtuse but denticularly prominent, the base three-
fourths the maximum width; surface very feebly convex, the median
stria and anterior impression as in the preceding, the marginal
gutter and reflexed edge conspicuous, the basal impressions linear,
not confluent, the concavity including them shallow, impunctate;
elytra oblong, three-fifths longer than wide, only very slightly and
not evidently wider than the prothorax (of), a little wider ( 9 ), the
sides feebly arcuate; apex strongly rounded; striae moderate, finely
and obscurely punctulate, deeply impressed basally at the sides,
to near the middle suturally, elsewhere very fine and unimpressed,
the seventh almost completely obsolete, the scutellar long and deep;
intervals convex basally; male with the subapical spine of the middle
tibiae acute and distinct, the apical process feeble but evident,
sharply angulate; last ventral more narrowly rounded than in the
preceding, with a broader flattened marginal beading and a nar-
rower, deeper and very distinct median sinus. Length (cf 9 )
15.0-15.7 mm.; width 5.2-5.75 mm. Illinois illini n. sp.

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

146 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Form and general characters almost as in illini throughout, including the
male sexual characters, except that the apical acute process of the
middle tibiae is a little stronger and more prominent, but having a
stouter body, with broader elytra, only one-half longer than wide
and fully a third wider than the prothorax, the striae being more
distinctly punctate, more obsolete apically and with the intervals
everywhere flat or very nearly so even basally and suturally, though
the striae become a little more distinct in the corresponding regions
indicated in illini. Length (c?) 16.0 mm.; width 6.0 mm. Indiana
(Levette collection) bispiculatus n. sp.

Form narrower than in illini, the size smaller; surface extremely shining,
deep black, rather convex, the tarsi piceous; palpi obscure testaceous,
the antennae nearly black, becoming slightly pale near the apex;
head well developed, the eyes large though not quite so prominent
as in illini, the impressions similar but deeper and broader; labrum
much narrower; prothorax only about a third wider than long,
the sides rounded, converging posteriorly, becoming gradually very
distinctly sinuate, the angles nearly right and very sharp but only
feebly prominent; base as wide as the apex and three-fourths the
maximum width; surface rather convex, throughout nearly as in the
two preceding; elytra three-fifths longer than wide, about a fifth
wider than the prothorax, oblong, parallel, with feebly arcuate sides
and well rounded apex, the striae and intervals nearly as in illini,
except that the strial punctures are more distinct and that both the
sixth and seventh striae are subobsolete throughout the length;
male with the subapical tibial spine sharp though small, the apical
process obsolete; last ventral more broadly rounded than in illini,
with a finer marginal bead and with the sinus similarly very narrow
but extremely feeble. Length (cf) 13.7 mm.; width 4.8 mm.
Connecticut (Lyme), — A. B. Champlain vernix n. sp.

Possibly bispiculatus may prove to be rather a subspecies of
illini than a fully distinct species, but its appearance is quite dif-
ferent. Grams, of LeConte, is the only known species not included
in the above table; it is described as being black, moderately
shining, the elytra of the male less shining; form and, sculpture
as in tartaricus, except that the sides of the prothorax are simply
rounded, not at all sinuate near the hind angles, which are obtuse;
the lateral margin is rather more widely reflexed behind and the
length of the unique male type, which is in the Horn collection and
probably taken in Pennsylvania, is 19 mm.

Diplochila Brulle.

In my former review of this genus (Ann. N. Y. Acad., IX, p. 347),
the species at hand were not all correctly identified, reliance having
been placed too readily upon ostensibly accurate identifications in

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^E 147

certain collections with which they had been compared. Referring
to the original descriptions and measurements, it becomes apparent
at once that I do not have impressicollis or laticollis at all ; the former
is a small species 12 by 5 mm. in size, and has more distinct trans-
verse thoracic impressions than the others; the latter is about 14
mm. in length. It should be said in this connection that certain
past studies in this genus have been especially superficial in the
endeavor to reduce the number of species; some of the proposed
synonymy, such as the association of assimilis with laticollis and
striatopunctatus with impressicollis, will fail to bear the light of
reason. Major is abundantly distinct from the other hitherto
published species in its large size, cephalic characters and in other
respects; it bears no resemblance to laticollis, other than in generic
facies and is not by any means a subspecies. The type locality of
laticollis Lee., is Syracuse, N. Y., and the Austin, Texas, specimen
representing it in my former study does not seem to accord very well
with the description given by LeConte. The size of the head in
this genus differs among the various species nearly as in Diccdus;
in planulata and nupera, for instance, it is relatively very small in
comparison with expansa, being scarcely half as wide as the prothorax.
The hind angles of the prothorax are sharply defined and a little
more than right throughout in the species here defined. The species
are moderately numerous, though less so than in Diccelus; those
represented in my cabinet may be separated as follows :

Large species, not under 17 mm. in length: head large, always distinctly
more than half as wide as the prothorax 2

Smaller species, never over 15 mm. in length, the head relatively smaller
as a rule 3

2 — Form broadly oval, feebly convex, deep black and shining; head large,
fully three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the anterior impression
large, extending half way to the base; labrum deeply emarginate,
the bottom of the sinus rounded; antennae slender, of the usual
form; prothorax large, three-fourths as wide as the elytra, less than
three-fifths wider than long, but little narrowed apically, the sides
broadly rounded, becoming feebly convergent and straight or broadly
and very feebly sinuate basally; surface with the stria — somewhat
abbreviated apically and basally as usual in this group of the genus
—distinct, the posterior impressions at outer fourth deep, longitudinal
and linear, the surface thence to the angles broadly subdepressed;
elytra oblong, with broadly arcuate parallel sides, nearly one-half
longer than wide, the striae usually punctulate, fine and feebly
impressed, the sixth almost and the seventh completely obliterated;

148 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

intervals broad, nearly flat. Length 19.0-21.0 mm.; width 8.0-8.7
mm. Iowa (Keokuk) expansa n. sp.

Form narrower and more convex, deep black and shining; head much
less large, although distinctly more than half as wide as the pro-
thorax, the impression and the labrum nearly similar; prothorax
much shorter and relatively wider, three-fifths to two-thirds wider
than long, in form and impression nearly similar, fully four-fifths
as wide as the elytra, the latter two-fifths to one-half longer than
wide, oblong, with broadly arcuate sides, the striae feebly punctulate,
rather fine but deeply impressed internally, becoming finer and feeble
externally, the fifth very feeble, the sixth nearly, the seventh quite,
obliterated, the single interstitial puncture as usual. Length 17.0-
18.2 mm.; width 7.2-7.3 mm. Kansas oblonga n. sp.

Form oblong-oval and less elongate, broadly and distinctly convex,
black and shining; head distinctly less large, only a little more than
half as wide as the prothorax, the impression nearly similar, the
labrum however more angularly emarginate; antennae very slender
as usual, testaceous except basally; prothorax much shorter and
more narrowed anteriorly, nearly three-fourths wider than long,
three-fourths as wide as the elytra, otherwise nearly similar; elytra
oblong, with feebly arcuate, parallel sides, about one-half longer
than wide, the striae not punctulate but almost exactly as in expansa,
from which it differs in the shorter, broader, more anteriorly nar-
rowed prothorax and more triangularly, broadly emarginate labrum
and distinctly shorter antennal joints distally in the female. Length
18.5 mm. width 7.9 mm. Louisiana major Lee.

3 — Elytral striae obsolescent laterally; head relatively small; elytra wholly
black 4

Elytral striae distinct throughout, the head relatively large, the strial
intervals alternately black and dark rufo-testaceous 5

4 — Cephalic impression broad, formed nearly as usual and broadly
truncate behind, the head barely at all more than half as wide as
the prothorax; labrum broadly, angularly incised, the incisure
asymmetric in position somewhat as in major; antennae slender,
the joints a little shorter than usual; prothorax nearly three-fifths
wider than long, much narrowed anteriorly, with rounded sides,
the apex barely three-fourths as wide as the base, the impressions
as usual, the surface rather more declivous at the sides but not at
all reflexed and with a very fine marginal bead; elytra oblong-oval,
with unusually arcuate sides, fully two-fifths wider than the pro-
thorax, convex, the striae for the greater part impunctate, deeply
impressed, with convex intervals internally, the first five strong, the
sixth feeble and seventh almost obsolete, vestigial, the single fovea of
the third interval well developed. Length 14.5 mm.; width 6.0 mm.
Kansas cliens Csy.

Cephalic impression broad but posteriorly arcuate in outline, the labrum
more obtusely, angularly emarginate, the antennal joints longer and
more slender; head small, half as wide as the prothorax, the eyes
prominent; prothorax moderately transverse, a little more than
one-half wider than long, much narrowed anteriorly, with obliquely

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^ 149

rounding sides, widest behind the middle, the apex barely two-thirds
as wide as the base, the sides not reflexed, having a very fine marginal
bead; surface between the longitudinal impressions and the angles
with a very faint oblique impression joining the longitudinal one
at base; elytra short, oblong, with feebly rounded sides, scarcely
two-fifths longer than wide, the surface broadly flattened, rapidly
and convexly declivous at the sides, the striae deeply impressed, with
convex intervals internally, gradually feebler externally, finely,
very obsoletely punctulate, the first four deep, fifth abruptly much
more feeble, sixth and seventh equal, barely traceable and virtually
obsolete, vestigial; single fovea of the third interval unusually feeble,
barely discoverable. Length 14.8 mm.; width 6.0 mm. Texas
(Austin), [laticollis Csy. nee. Lee. olim] planulata n. sp.

Cephalic impressions not confluent, very small, at the apical margin and
widely separated; head small, half as wide as the prothorax, the
labrum very obtusely, angularly emarginate, the antennal joints
shorter than usual but very slender; prothorax fully one-half wider
than long, much narrowed at apex, widest a little behind the middle,
the sides anteriorly oblique and unusually feebly arcuate; surface with
the longitudinal impressions deep, a little within outer fourth, without
supplemental impression, the sides declivous to the marginal bead
throughout, the latter excessively fine; median stria fine, feeble
though entire; elytra oblong, with feebly arcuate sides, a little more
rounding at base, a third wider than the prothorax, almost one-half
longer than wide, the striae coarse, deeply impressed and basally
punctate internally, the fifth, sixth and seventh obsolete, the third
and fourth obliterated basally and apically; third interval with two
small foveae, instead of the usual single fovea. Length 9.7 mm.;
width 4.2 mm. Florida (Lake Worth) . .nupera Csy.

5 — Form more elongate than usual, evenly and distinctly convex, sub-
alutaceous; head with rather large and prominent eyes, almost two-
thirds as wide as the prothorax, with the two impressions moderately
small and partially confluent at the apex of the front; labral notch
obtusely angulate; antennal joints rather long and slender; prothorax
barely more than one-half wider than long, but little narrowed at
apex, the sides subparallel, widest but little before the middle,
moderately and unusually evenly arcuate from apex to base; im-
pressions nearly as in the preceding, the margins however distinctly
concave and reflexed, very finely basally, more broadly apically,
this being a reversal of the general rule; elytra oblong, more elongate
than in any other species, parallel, with feebly arcuate sides, nearly
one-half wider than the prothorax, almost three-fifths longer than
wide, the striae fine, feeble and finely punctate though equal and
very distinct throughout the width, the intervals very nearly flat.
Length 14.0 mm.; width 5.9 mm. Wisconsin (Bayfield).

alternans Csy.

The characters separating the small species are relatively more
radical than those apparent among the larger ones, but there can

150 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

be little or no doubt of the validity of the latter as described. The
asymmetry of the labral notch has seemingly not been noticed
before; there is also considerable diversity in the form of this
notch. Sexual differences, aside from those affecting the anterior
tarsi, are slight. Alternans is remarkable in having the elytral
striae almost equally distinct throughout the width, nupera in having
most of the striae obsolete, the first and second being the only entire
ones and also in having two interstitial foveae instead of the usual
one; planulata is strikingly distinct in form and in the very feeble,
almost obsolete single interstitial fovea, and the labral notch of
such species as expansa and oblonga, with its subparallel sides and
narrowly rounded bottom, is also very exceptional.

Dicaelus Bon.

In this genus a considerable number of undescribed species have
accumulated since the last systematic work was published. In the
furvus group, for example, we have the two following:

Dicaelus carolinensis n. sp. — Elongate-oval, moderately convex, rather
stout, deep black and opaque throughout; head actually but not relatively
large, scarcely more than half as wide as the prothorax, minutely rugulose,
the two anterior impressions moderate; antennae but little longer than the
head and prothorax, black, gradually attenuated and brown distally;
prothorax fully a third wider than long, the sides gradually converging
and broadly, almost evenly arcuate from base to apex, the latter deeply
and evenly sinuate and about three-fifths as wide as the base, which has
the usual form, the median truncate and retracted part one-half the
maximum width; surface feebly convex, broadly and strongly reflexed
at the sides, with an obliquely, anteriorly arcuate impression at each side,
from near the basal angle to two-fifths from the base at inner two-fifths,
the two impressions faintly connected transversely by the very feeble
subbasal impression, the subapical also very feeble, the median stria
distinct; lateral edges even, fine anteriorly, thickened basally: lustre
opaque, the sculpture consisting of very fine short dense and generally
longitudinal rugulse, arranged in transverse wavy lines, confused laterally
and basally; elytra oblong-oval, a little wider than the prothorax, scarcely
more than a third longer than wide, parabolically rounded behind from
near the middle, the sides very feebly arcuate; striae very deeply impressed,
not in the least punctate, the intervals convex and subequal throughout,
the humeral carina strong and acute, long, gradually disappearing pos-
teriorly. Length 22.5 mm.; width 9.2 mm. North Carolina (Southern
Pines), — Manee. A single male.

There is no species known to me with which this can be compared
very satisfactorily; it is much larger than furvus, and the sides of
the prothorax converge almost evenly from base to apex.

CICINDELID.E AND CARABID^: 151

Dicaelus subtropicus n. sp. — Small in size, rather narrowly oval, deep
black and opaque throughout; head rather short, evidently more than
half as wide as the prothorax, smooth, the obsolete rugulosity excessively
minute, the anterior impressions distinct, prolonged obliquely along the
sides of the epistoma; antennae rather short, filiform, not attenuated but
brown distally; prothorax a third to fourth wider than long, parallel,
arcuately and moderately narrowing apically, the median part of the
base more than half the maximum width and feebly sinuate; surface
nearly flat, rather narrowly but distinctly reflexed at the sides, gradually
a little more broadly basally, the edge even and fine throughout, having,
near inner two-fifths and basal third at each side, a fine longitudinal im-
pressed line, extended by broad and feeble impression obliquely to the
base near lateral fourth, and also anteriorly for a long distance, the basal
and apical transverse impressions almost obsolete; median stria fine but
evident; lustre opaque, the sculpture excessively minute and not distinct,
not at all rugose; elytra but very slightly wider than the prothorax, two-
fifths ( 9 ) to one-half (cf) longer than wide, more gradually and less
obtusely rounded behind in the latter sex, the sides feebly arcuate; striae
very deeply impressed, finely but very distinctly punctate; intervals
strongly convex, the alternate ones distinctly broader and more convex
but not at all cariniform, the humeral carina acute but only moderately
prominent, gradually obtuse and obsolescent posteriorly. Length
13.0-14.5 mm.; width 5.0-5.7 mm. Florida (Palm Beach), — Kinzel.
Six examples.

Differs from both ovalis and furvus in its narrower form, thoracic
impressions and alternately distinctly wider and more convex strial
intervals, also in the evidently punctate striae, the punctures later-
ally somewhat indenting the sides of the intervals, as in crenatus
though less strongly.

Dicaelus debiliceps n. sp. — Elongate and slender, subopaque, deep black
throughout; head smaller than in any other species, less than half as
wide as the prothorax, smooth and rather shining, the sculpture vestigial
and faint; anterior impressions deep, oblique; antennae slender, filiform;
prothorax not distinctly shorter than wide, the sides broadly, subevenly
arcuate, converging a good deal anteriorly, becoming parallel toward base,
the surface throughout and the two anterior marginal punctures nearly
as in elongatus and simplex, the apex relatively more narrowed than in
either; elytra two-thirds longer than wide, gradually arcuately narrowing
behind from near the middle, at which point they are very slightly wider
than the prothorax, moderately convex, the striae rather fine and only
very moderately deep, the intervals equal and broadly, feebly convex,
the humeral carina as in elongatus. Length ( 9 ) 14.7 mm. ; width 5.65 mm.
Pennsylvania (Buena Vista Spring, Franklin Co.).

This species belongs to the elongatus series and resembles it closely
in general characters, but it is smaller and very much more slender,
with a relatively still smaller head and more equal and very much

152 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

flatter strial intervals; from simplex Dej., which it more nearly
resembles in the small head, it differs in its more elongate form, still
slightly smaller head, more apically narrowed prothorax, more
elongate elytra and flatter strial intervals; simplex is not identical
with elongatus, being smaller, with more abbreviated elytra and
smaller head.

Dicaelus ovipennis n. sp. — Elongate, rather slender and feebly convex,
somewhat shining, the elytra alutaceous, deep black throughout; head
elongate, relatively large, nearly as in teter but with still more elongate
neck and smaller apical impressions, two-thirds as wide as the prothorax,
the latter relatively small, a fourth wider than long, in general form, im-
pressions and sculpture nearly as in teter, but with more evenly arcuate
sides, widest at the middle and not before the middle as it is in that
species; elytra relatively much more inflated, evenly oval, with arcuate
sides, widest at the middle and nearly one-half wider than the prothorax,
one-half longer than wide, the striae, intervals and humeral carina as in
teter. Length (c?) 17.0 mm.; width 6.4 mm. North Carolina (locality
unrecorded).

Allied rather closely to teter but differing very greatly in general
facies, because of its small parallel prothorax, with evenly rounded
sides, and the inflated elytra; the anterior tarsi of the male are less
dilated than in that species, the middle tarsi shorter, the second
palpal joint longer and the fourth shorter; the micro-granulation
of the elytra is less fine and stronger, so that the surface is more
opaque, especially at the sides.

Dicaelus angustus n. sp. — Form and facies nearly as in politus, the
integuments similarly deep black and polished; head and prothorax
relatively a little larger, the latter flatter and more nearly as long as wide,
much less distinctly narrower than the elytra, the impressions nearly
similar but the side margins anteriorly are less narrowly reflexed; elytra
broader, one-half longer than wide, barely a fourth wider than the pro-
thorax, the sculpture throughout similar. Length 14.0 mm.; width 5.0
mm. Tennessee.

This species is allied closely to politus Dej., but is a little larger
and broader, with larger and more depressed, more quadrate pro-
thorax ; it differs very perceptibly in habitus from any one of a very
large series of politus, kindly given me by Mr. A. B. Champlain
and taken at Rockville, Pennsylvania, and others from Indiana in
the Levette collection, the latter examples agreeing perfectly with
the former.

Dicaelus speciosus n. sp. — Form and coloration nearly as in splendidus,
but with a notably smaller head, this being barely at all more than half

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^E 153

as wide as the prothorax, the latter nearly similar in form, but having the
broad marginal concavity slightly divided behind the middle by an ex-
tero-anteriorly projecting feeble ramus of the convexity bounding the
lateral impressions externally; under surface deep black, the propleura
very minutely, feebly and closely rugulose, not metallic but opaque, the
abdomen with a few faint violet glints laterally. Length (o71) 19.8-23.0
mm.; width 8.3-9.3 nim. New Mexico.

The mentum in Diccdus has not been well described; it has a
large and deep emargination, the bottom of which is broadly,
evenly and feebly sinuate, and it is partially closed by a membranous
or coriaceous extension of the base and sides, this part being rec-
tilinearly truncate from side to side and of very diverse develop-
ment. In splendidus this plate, partially filling the mental emargi-
nation, extends through about half its length; it is dense and black-
ish in structure and has a median, anteriorly attenuated, longitudi-
nally impressed elevation from the base, which upon cursory
examination has very much the appearance of a tooth. In speciosus
the emargination of the mentum is much narrower, with less flaring
sides and the plate referred to is thin, pale testaceous and mem-
branous and becomes contorted on drying; it extends anteriorly
nearly to the end of the mentum, thus almost completely filling
the emargination. This, together with the much smaller head,
bifurcating marginal concavity of the pronotum, slightly smaller
size and relatively somewhat longer hind tarsi, prompts me to be-
lieve that it is specifically different from splendidus, in spite of the
almost complete similarity in coloration and form of the strial
intervals. The smaller of the two type specimens has the pale
membrane of the mental emargination greatly retracted, so that it
fills only about a third of the length of the emargination; this
male specimen has the head still a trifle smaller, being only half as
wide as the prothorax and the latter is shorter and more transverse
but otherwise as in speciosus; the elytra are a little shorter and the
margins are bluish; its locality is not known.

There is one very decided mistake in our lists of this genus as
now published, relating to dilatatus and dejeani. The latter is quite
a different species from dilatatus, which, as taken abundantly by
Mr. Champlain in Pennsylvania, agrees in every particular with the
description and figure of dilatatus as given by Say. Dejeani, on
the other hand, is a much stouter species, with strongly inflated

154 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

elytra, very much larger head and more transverse and less ante-
riorly narrowed prothorax; it never should have been associated
closely with dilatatus . The single example in my collection is from
Indiana, and it seems to be rather rare in collections.

Liodicaelus n. gen.

This generic name may be suggested for those species now forming
part of Diccehis, but differing from the others in having no trace of
elytral striation, the elytra having, in the place of striae, unimpressed
series of very small punctures. This imparts a decided difference
in habitus, though at the same time there appear to be but few
other structural differences of prominence, except the shorter an-
tennae. The type may be described as follows:

Liodicaelus evanescens n. sp. — Rather stout, oblong-oval and convex,
shining but not polished, deep black throughout, without trace of colora-
tion; head elongate, smooth, barely half as wide as the prothorax, the
impressions feeble; antennae (o71) much shorter than the head and pro-
thorax, the outer joints gradually much shorter; prothorax fully a fourth
wider than long, the sides parallel, arcuately rounding and converging
anteriorly in less than apical half, the deeply sinuate apex less than two-
thirds as wide as the base, the latter as in Diccelus: surface feebly aluta-
ceous though not sculptured, except in having vestiges of fine transverse
and well separated waving lines, moderately convex, rather broadly and
strongly reflexed laterally, the edge smooth and rather thick, the anterior
impression obsolete, the transverse subbasal one broad and very moder-
ate though distinct from the basal angles obliquely and arcuately forward,
ending at lateral fourth and basal fifth; there is on each side a deep
smooth impression; median stria very fine and feeble; elytra parallel,
with nearly straight sides, evenly rounded in about apical third or fourth,
wider than the prothorax and nearly one-half longer than wide, convex,
shining, perfectly smooth and without sculpture, having regular series
of very fine and well separated punctures, varying somewhat in size
in the series, the series distinct suturally, becoming completely obsolete
externally, the first four or five series easily traceable though gradually
fainter, the carina acute and well elevated, extending a little behind basal
fourth. Length (o71) 1 8.0 mm.; width 7.5 mm. Arizona (San Bernardino
Ranch, Cochise Co.), — F. H. Snow.

Allied apparently to flohri Bates, from San Angel, Mexico, but
differing in its rather smaller size, longer humeral carina, more im-
pressed and more apically narrowed prothorax and apparently more
evident series of elytral punctures; flohri is described as being
oblong-elliptic, "niger, vix nitidus," with the prothorax slightly
narrowed anteriorly and everywhere smooth, the elytral striae

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID/E 155

everywhere obsolete, only the sutural and marginal series of punc-
tures evident, the humeral carina short, strongly elevated and the
length of male and female 19 to 20 mm. From Icevipennis Lee.,
which it seems to resemble in size, it differs in its deep black colora-
tion, without trace of violaceous tint, in the less transverse pro-
thorax, which is said to be "basi capito triplo latior" in that species,
shorter humeral carina, which is described as a third as long as the
elytra in Ifsvipennis and more obsolete series of punctures. The
type of Icsmpennis was taken on the Platte River and the dimensions
of the type are 17.5 by 7.7 mm.

*Liodicaelus suffusus n. sp. — Much smaller and less convex than the
preceding, black, with distinct though sometimes partial violaceous
bloom, alutaceous to strongly shining; head nearly similar, half as wide
as the prothorax to a little less; antennae (cf ) only moderately slender but
filiform, nearly as long as the head and prothorax, the outer joints rapidly
abbreviated; prothorax shorter, a third wider than long, moderately con-
vex, formed nearly as in the preceding but with thinner, though strongly
reflexed, side margins, the median stria fine but distinct, subentire, the
transverse impressions both obsolete or nearly so, the sublateral curved
impressions of the preceding barely distinct to wholly obsolete; elytra
nearly as in the preceding but less elongate and much less convex, barely
two-fifths longer than wide, with series of punctures very distinct through-
out the width, but, as usual, a little stronger suturally, the punctures
small though deep, differing remarkably in form, some circular and others
elongate; humeral carina rather strong and acute, short, obsolete near
basal fourth or fifth. Length (cf 9 ) 13.5-15.8 mm.; width 5.6-6.3 mm.
Mexico (Sierra Madre Mts., of Chihuahua), — C. H. T. Townsend.
Abundant.

The nine examples at hand indicate a species which, by reason
of the violaceous bloom, sometimes very strong throughout the
upper surface, is remindful of l&vicollis Lee., but it is very much
smaller, with less transverse prothorax and very much shorter
humeral carina; the under surface is deep and shining black, the
sternal side-pieces faintly violaceous. In a few examples and by
very oblique light, the surface of the third and fifth elytral intervals
may be seen to be extremely faintly convex, a reversion to a common
character in Diccdus. Lcevipennis Lec.,flohri Bates, evanescens and
suffusus are the only species referable to Liodiccelus, so far as now
known.

156 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Calathus Bon.

This genus, together with Pristonychus and Pristodactyla, is well
distinguished from the other allies of Platynus by the serrulate or
pectinate tarsal claws. In Calathus they are rather pectinate than
serrulate, this condition obtaining more especially in Pristonychus,
where the claws are much more feebly modified. The Atlantic
coast and Sonoran species of Calathus, as distinguished from the
purely Pacific coast types, are numerous and may be distinguished
among themselves as follows:

Prothorax distinctly reflexed at the sides 2

Prothorax flatter, scarcely at all reflexed at the sides or only very narrowly
and feebly so toward base; surface shining, the micro-reticulation
hexagonal as in gregarius 7

2 — Elytra strongly shining in both sexes, elongate-oval, black or feebly
picescent, the thoracic sides, legs and antennae testaceous; surface
smooth and polished; prothorax subquadrate, feebly rounded at the
sides and slightly narrowed at apex, fully four-fifths as wide as the
elytra, the latter elongate-oval, with broadly rounded sides and
without exposed humeri; male a little more slender than the female;
micro-reticulation hexagonal. Length 8.0-10.0 mm.; width 2.9-3.8
mm. New Hampshire to Missouri gregarius Say

Elytra opaque or strongly alutaceous, apparently in both sexes but
always in the female; micro-reticulation compressed, rhomboidal. .3

3 — Sides of the prothorax parallel, broadly, feebly and almost evenly
arcuate from base to apex, only very slightly more converging
apically than basally. Body elongate-oval, rather narrow and sub-
depressed, castaneous, the thoracic sides, legs, scutellum and antennae
testaceous; head dark testaceous; prothorax quadrate, the basal
angles right but broadly rounded; surface with obsolescent rugulae
radiating from the median stria; elytra oblong-oval, with feebly
rounded sides, almost a fourth wider than the prothorax, having
very fine and feebly impressed striae and almost flat intervals; side
margins pale and distinctly reflexed; head a little more than half
as wide as the prothorax; hind tarsi about as long as the tibiae, the
claws rather longer and straighter than usual, more abruptly hooked
at apex. Length (cf) 8.5 mm.; width 3.1 mm. Arizona.

sonoricus n. sp.

Sides of the prothorax more rounded and much more convergent apically. 4

4 — Elytra rather shining though with an alutaceous lustre; body small,
narrow, the hind tarsi (cf ) very slender and rather shorter than the
tibiae. Piceous-black, the margins, legs and antennae as usual;
head small, only about half as wide as the prothorax, which is not
quite as long as wide, otherwise nearly as in opaculus, the elytra
relatively narrower, of the usual form, the side margins perhaps
slightly more narrowly reflexed, the micro-reticulations strong,
rhombiform, not quite so fine but especially not so laterally com-

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID.E 157

pressed as in opaculus. Length (c?) 6.6 mm.; width 2.5 mm.

Missouri (St. Louis) alutaceus n. sp.

Elytra more densely dull, not shining 5

5 — Color paler, apparently castaneous-brown when mature, the margins,
legs and antennae pale as usual. Body rather larger and stouter
than in opaculus, the head and prothorax relatively a little larger
but otherwise similar; elytra of the usual form, between a fourth and
fifth wider than the prothorax and widest at the middle, very finely
striate, the rhombiform micro-reticulations fully as fine as in opaculus
or even finer but much more feeble, with their facets nearly flat and
not convex; epipleura flatter basally but similarly wider at basal
fourth than at base. Length ( 9 ) 9.0-10.0 mm.; width 3.6-3.8 mm.
North Carolina (Asheville) and New Jersey. Four examples.

appalachius n. sp.

Color black, with the usual paler side margins, legs and antennae 6

6 — Rather slender, the male and female of nearly the same size and out-
line, both very elongate-oval and rather narrow; head very little
more than half as wide as the prothorax, the latter as long as wide,
the apex about three-fourths as wide as the base; elytra oblong-oval,
nearly a fourth wider than the prothorax, with very fine striae;
hind tarsi fully as long as the tibiae. Length (cf 9 ) 8.0-9.5 mm.;
width 3.0-3.7 mm. Rhode Island to Texas (Austin) . .opaculus Lee.
Stouter than opaculus, the female very much stouter and with oval
inflated elytra, similar in coloration and nearly similar in the opacity
and micro-reticulation of the elytra; head a little larger; prothorax
of similar form; elytra a third to two-fifths wider than the prothorax
(9), but nearly as in opaculus (cf), the male being notably more
slender than the female; antennae and tarsi somewhat longer than in
opaculus. Length (d71 9 ) 9.3-10.3 mm.; width 3.2-4.1 mm. Kansas

(Mt. Hope), Texas and Mississippi (Vicksburg) obesulus n. sp.

7 — Elytral intervals broadly and feebly though evidently convex. . . .8

Elytral intervals flat 9

8 — Form very elongate-oval, rather convex, strongly shining, black, the
side margins not distinctly pale, except those of the prothorax toward
base; head rather small; prothorax large, rather convex, almost as
wide as the elytra, as long as wide, formed nearly as in gregarius,
except that the side margin is feebly reflexed or deplanate only
toward base, rather broadly so at the hind angles; elytra elongate-
oval, shining, with fine strise, the setigerous punctures of the third
stria anteriorly, as usual shifting to the second posteriorly, three or
four in number; coarse punctures of the outermost stria strong and
equal from base to apex, widely separated; basal joint of the hind
tarsi rather short, not quite as long as the next two combined.
Length (cf 9 ) 7.4-9.0 mm.; width 2.8-3.4 mnl- Colorado (Boulder

Co.) coloradensis n. sp.

Form narrower, the size smaller, rather convex, almost similar in color-
ation, the prothorax relatively smaller, the head larger, the former
as long as wide, with rather less rounded sides and scarcely more than
three-fourths as wide as the elytra, which are more oblong-oval,
with broadly and evenly arcuate sides, less elongate and more ob-

158 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

tusely rounded at apex, the side margins still more narrowly reflexed;
tarsi nearly similar, the claws longer but arcuate from near the middle
to the apex. Length (cf 9 ) 6.5-8.0 mm.; width 2.6-3.2 mm.
Colorado — Levette collection. Five examples reductus n. sp.

9 — Body larger, testaceous in color throughout, shining; head well
developed, evidently more than half as wide as the prothorax, the
antennal joints long and slender; prothorax nearly as long as wide,
the sides almost evenly and broadly arcuate throughout, more con-
verging anteriorly, the apex three-fourths as wide as the base,
rather convex, the sides very finely reflexed, becoming more broadly
deplanate basally, the longitudinal impressions near outer and basal
fourth distinct; elytra oblong-oval, relatively much shorter than in
either of the preceding, only about a fifth wider than the prothorax,
obtusely rounded at apex; tarsal claws of only moderate length.
Length (9 ) 8.8-9.2 mm.; width 3.3-3.6 mm. New Mexico (locality
unrecorded) acomanus n. sp.

Body much smaller, more slender, shining, piceous-black, the legs,
antennae and thoracic side margins testaceous; head rather small,
scarcely more than half as wide as the prothorax, the latter smaller,
about as long as wide, the sides almost evenly arcuate throughout,
the apex a little less narrowed than in the preceding, the surface and
sides nearly similar, the impressions vestigial; elytra rather short
and oblong-oval, fully a fourth wider than the prothorax, obtusely
rounded behind, the striae very fine, the intervals absolutely flat;
punctures generally two before the middle on the third, and one
near the apex on the second, stria; basal joint of the hind tarsi
shorter than usual, distinctly shorter than the next two combined.
Length (cf 9 ) 6.5-8.2 mm.; width 2.4-3.0 mm. Labrador (West
St. Modest), — Sherman. Four examples labradorinus n. sp.

There may be some doubt as to the status of appalachius, though
my four examples are distinctly larger and stouter than any of the
females of opaculus at hand, and with correspondingly larger head
and prothorax; if the pale coloration of the four examples holds
constant through extended series, there will be no doubt of its specific
standing. Confusus Lee., from Lake Superior, I do not have at
present, though it may possibly be redescribed as one of the last
four species of the table; it has been united with the Alaskan
ingratus Dej., but I have no means of knowing how justly; it is
probably not identical however. The American species of Calathus
form a rather unsatisfactory study because of their monotony, and
the Atlantic species are less isolated among themselves than those
of the Pacific coast ; among these latter forms I find an undescribed
species which may be outlined as follows:

Calathus longulus n. sp. — Form elongate-oval, slightly ventricose,
alutaceous, blackish-piceous, the elytra deep black and but feebly shin-

ClCINDELID^: AND CARABHXE 159

ing, opaculate; legs, antennae and sides of the prothorax dark testa-
ceous; head somewhat evidently more than half as wide as the prothorax,
the antennal joints long and slender; prothorax relatively rather small,
not quite as long as wide, the sides broadly arcuate, converging anteriorly,
parallel basally, the basal angles rounded; surface broadly convex, dis-
tinctly concave and reflexed at the sides, more broadly and feebly basally;
elytra oval, convex, three-fifths longer than wide and fully two-fifths
wider than the prothorax, the striae fine, the intervals flat, the micro-
reticulations but little longer than wide, irregularly hexagonal, rather
convex and shining, the incised separating lines deep; sides evenly and
rather : trongly arcuate; pectination of the tarsal claws much shorter than
in any of the eastern species. Length (9) 9-5 mm.; width 3.7 mm.
California (Los Angeles Co.).

Allied rather more closely to obscurus Lee., than any other, but
more elongate, with relatively much smaller prothorax and more
inflated elytra; the antennae are more elongate and the prothorax
much less transverse, being in fact nearly as long as wide. There
are before me extended series of all the California species except
behrensi, which is represented by two examples only. Quadricollis
is very abundant in the coast regions from Humboldt to Sta.
Barbara; obscurus is rather less abundant from San Francisco to
San Diego; ruficollis is by far the stoutest species and occurs abun-
dantly about San Francisco; I do not happen to have it from any
other locality. My two examples of behrensi are from San Diego
and Calaveras Co.; it very much resembles ruficollis, except that
it is less stout in build ; guadalupensis is by far the largest American
species of the genus; it is confined so far as known to the island of
Guadalupe; quadricollis also occurs on the island, but apparently as
a recent importation and is not endemic as in the case of guada-
lupensis.

Pristodactyla Dej.

In general habitus such species as dubia and impunctata, differ
very decidedly from any of the above mentioned members of
Calathus proper and, on this ground alone, it wrould seem advisable
to retain the genus; but there are certain more specialized structural
characters as well, such as the unmargined intercoxal process of the
prosternum in Pristodactyla. The Munich catalogue does not
recognize Pristodactyla and makes it a synonym of Odontonyx
Steph., but the latter is sunk as a synonym of Calathus in the
recent European catalogue, which gives to Pristodactyla full generic

160 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

value. In this catalogue Pristodactyla is ascribed to Chaudoir,
but it is given to Dejean in the Nomenclator Zoologicus of Scudder
and also in the Munich catalogue.

The species of Pristodactyla are not numerous, comprising at
present the Feronia impunctata of Say, dubia and advena of LeConte
and the Mexican Calathus ovipennis Putz.; also corvina Lee., which
has been suppressed as a synonym of impunctata, but which seems
to be specifically distinct, being larger and narrower than impunc-
tata and more southern in habitat; at any rate its status should
apparently not be less than that of a well marked subspecies of
impunctata. The following is another subspecies of impunctata:

Pristodactyla impunctata ssp. convexa nov. — Elongate-oval, convex
and polished, deep black, the legs and antennae dark testaceous; head
about half as wide as the prothorax, the latter large, nearly a fifth wider
than long, the sides rounded, more converging basally, the angles very
broadly rounded; surface convex, very finely reflexed at the sides, rather
abruptly broadly so at base, uniting with the deep lineiform longitudinal
impression near outer and basal fourth, the median stria distinct; elytra
elongate-oval, not quite a third wider than the prothcrax, the striae
rather fine, deeply impressed suturally. Length (9) 11.2 mm.; width
4.3 mm. New York (Lake Champlain).

On comparing the type with a female of impunctata from Lake
Superior, it is readily perceived to be larger and broader, with more
elongate elytra, having the striae more deeply impressed inwardly
and the antennae longer and more slender; the typical impunctata
is represented in my collection from Rhode Island, Lake Champlain,
Pennsylvania and northern Wisconsin.

Pristodactyla arizonica n. sp. — Elongate, rather depressed, piceous-
black, moderately shining, the elytra opaque; legs dark piceous; tarsi
and antennae testaceous, the latter with the basal joint blackish; head
rather large, fully three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the antennae
slender, with elongate joints; prothorax about as long as wide, the base
three-fourths the maximum width and four-fifths as wide as the apex,
the sides broadly and almost equally rounded but more converging basally,
the angles very broadly rounded; surface feebly convex, very finely
reflexed at the sides, gradually very slightly less finely toward base, the
longitudinal depressions rather broadly impressed but not deep, connected
by a rather evident, medially somewhat anteriorly angulate, transverse
impression, the anterior impression obsolete; elytra oblong-oval, with
parallel, evenly and broadly rounded sides, obtusely rounded at apex,
almost one-half wider than the prothorax, two-thirds longer than wide,
depressed above, opaque, with very fine unimpressed striae and very flat
intervals. Length (cf) 11.7 mm.; width 4.2 mm. Arizona.

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID^ l6l

Differs from the following species in its more slender and more
depressed form, more elongate and more opaque elytra, wholly
impunctate striae, more distinct basal transverse thoracic impression,
more slender antennae, less broadly dilated anterior tarsi of the male
and in the form of the mentum tooth.

Pristodactyla zuniana n. sp. — Form rather stout, rather convex, deep
black, polished, the elytra densely alutaceous; legs throughout piceo-
rufous, the antennae dark testaceous, the basal joint but little darker;
head rather large, fully two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, the antennae
moderately long and slender; prothorax large, slightly shorter than wide,
formed as in the preceding, except that the deep and similarly posteriorly
bifurcate sublateral impressions near the base are not connected by the
transverse impression, this being very feeble and not anteriorly angulate
at the middle, the anterior transverse impression obsolete or barely trace-
able; base not truncate as in arizonica but broadly and feebly sinuate;
elytra oblong-oval, about one-half longer than wide, only two-fifths wider
than the prothorax, with parallel, broadly arcuate sides and obtuse apex,
the striae fine, scarcely at all impressed, finely, very distinctly punctate
throughout, with the usual two to three small foveae, the intervals almost
perfectly flat. Length (cf) 10.4-11.8 mm.; width 4.2-4.5 mm. New
Mexico (locality unrecorded).

Both the above species differ from dubia Lee., in having the pro-
thorax less narrowed at base, the base in dubia being only about
two-thirds as wide as the apex, also in the deeper latero-subbasal
thoracic impressions; the transverse impressions in zuniana are
much feebler. The mentum tooth in dubia is said to be narrow,
with its tip very slightly emarginate. In arizonica the tooth is
broad, subparallel, with its apex broadly and obtusely bilobed and
its surface is equally and strongly canaliculate medially throughout
the length. In zuniana it is more trapezoidal, with the two lobes
of the apex pointed and the strong medial emargination angulate
and continued posteriorly on the surface by a posteriorly and rapidly
attenuate impression. The very distinctly punctulate elytral striae
of zuniana would undoubtedly have been observed by LeConte if
present in dubia, the length of which is given as 12 mm.

*Pristodactyla semirufa n. sp. — Small, rather slender, moderately
convex, pale testaceous in color and polished, the elytra more obscure
testaceous and faintly alutaceous; head large, fully three-fourths as wide
as the prothorax, the antennae only moderately slender, pale testaceous
throughout; prothorax small, convex, nearly a fifth wider than long, the
sides rather strongly arcuate throughout, a little more converging basally,
with broadly rounded angles and rectilinearly truncate base, which is

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

1 62 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

four-fifths the maximum width and but very little narrower than the
apex; surface convexly declivous almost to the lateral reflexed bead from
apex to base, the latero-subbasal impressions short and very feeble, the
transverse impression very feeble, the anterior obsolete, the median
stria distinct; elytra oval, with broadly arcuate sides and obtuse apex,
distinctly wider behind the middle than at base, nearly one-half wider than
the prothorax and barely one-half longer than wide; striae very fine, not
at all punctulate, the three foveae distinct, the intervals flat; hind tarsi
much shorter than the tibiae, the pectination of the claws short but fine.
Length (9) 8.5 mm.; width 3.2 mm. Mexico (Sierra Madre Mts., of
Chihuahua), — C. H. T. Townsend.

There is no species closely allied to this, with which it can be
compared. The mentum tooth is trapezoidal, flat, broadly and
very faintly impressed medially except toward base, the lobes of the
apex rather acutely angulate and separated by a deep angular
emargination.

Rhadine Lee.

This genus should be considered valid, not so much because of
modifications of special organs, as on account of its general habitus,
in which feature it is sharply delimited from Platynns. I was
abandoned by LeConte, for the reason that there seemed to be no
structural character pertaining to special parts or organs that dis-
tinguishes it abruptly from Platynus, as for example, the dorsal
modifications of the anterior tarsi ; the occasional grooving of this sur-
face is of no generic significance whatever, as it becomes completely
lost in species otherwise closely allied to those possessing it, and,
in one before me, it is only partially present on the first joint.
The slender body, with narrow and generally much elongated pro-
thorax, flattened upper surface and long slender legs, give the group
a very peculiar appearance among the Platynids; in addition to this,
the third antennal joint, although variable, appears to be somewhat
constantly longer in a relative sense. The species are numerous
but local in range and are not abundant individually; they are
almost peculiar to the southwestern faunal regions of North America
and those now in my collection, mostly represented by single
examples, may be identified as follows:

Larger species always over 10 mm. in length 2

Small species, always much less than 10 mm. in length 8

2 — Elytral striae with distinct and comparatively coarse punctures, the
intervals more or less convex; pronotum with a few scattered punc-
tures toward the sides 3

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID/E 163

Elytral striae very fine and never distinctly punctate 5

3 — Body ferruginous in color. Shining, depressed above, convex beneath;
head elongate, three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the antennae
only moderately slender and ( 9 ) not quite half as long as the body,
the third joint not quite a third longer than the fourth; prothorax
a fifth to sixth longer than wide, widest but little before the middle,
the sides parallel and broadly arcuate, gradually converging pos-
teriorly, becoming parallel for a short distance before the sharply
defined hind angles; base sinuate medially, transverse near the sides,
fully as wide as the apex and three-fifths the maximum width;
surface feebly convex, sharply but moderately reflexed at the sides,
slightly flattened and transversely subrugulose basally, the median
stria distinct, impressed, subentire; apical angles very obtusely
rounded; elytra oval, twice as long as wide and four-fifths wider
than the prothorax, the side margins very strongly reflexed, the
striae impressed, coarsely and irregularly punctate, the scutellar
long, forming an even continuation of the first stria, the intervals
polished and convex, impunctate; apices much prolonged and very
acute; legs long and slender; hind tarsi two-thirds as long as the
tibiae, the first joint of the anterior apparently with a very faint
groove at each side of the upper surface; claws long and slender.
Length (9 ) 13.0-14.0 mm.; width 4.3-5.0 mm. New Mexico (Fort
Wingate). Three examples nivalis Horn

Body black in color, picescent beneath, the legs blackish-piceous; body
smaller and much more slender, the upper surface polished through-
out 4

4 — Form very moderately ventricose; head moderately elongate, three-
fourths as wide as the prothorax, the neck rather abruptly formed;
antennae brownish-testaceous throughout, slender, not quite half as
long as the body, the third joint about one-half longer than the
fourth; prothorax oval, widest just visibly before the middle and
fully a fourth longer than wide, the sides broadly rounded, sub-
parallel, feebly converging anteriorly, more so posteriorly, becoming
parallel before the angles, which are barely so much as right and
very sharp; base very feebly sinuate, transverse at the sides, three-
fifths the maximum width, equal to the apex, which is very feebly
sinuate between the very obtusely rounded angles; surface feebly
convex, broadly and feebly impressed along the sides, more so basally,
the side margins acutely but narrowly reflexed, the median stria fine
but deep, subentire: elytra twice as long as wide, scarcely visibly
less than twice as wide as the prothorax, oval, the apices obliquely
and broadly sinuate, with the tips much produced, dehiscent and
very acute; margins strongly reflexed; striae impressed, with rather
regular coarsish punctures, the scutellar long, the intervals convex;
legs only moderately long; anterior tarsi not grooved dorsally.
Length (cf) 12. o mm.; width 3.9 mm. New Mexico (Jemez
Springs),— John Woodgate umbra n. sp.

Form slightly more abbreviated; head fully two-thirds as wide as the pro-
thorax, the neck more gradually formed than in umbra; antennae nearly
similar but rather longer, half as long as the body, the third joint two-

164 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

fifths longer than the fourth; prothorax inflated more anteriorly,
widest near apical two-fifths, not a fifth longer than wide, the sides
more strongly rounded, the converging basal parts, base and angles
nearly similar; base relatively narrower, four-sevenths the maximum
width, fully as wide as the apex, which is extremely feebly sinuate
between the obtuse but rather sharply marked and scarcely at all
rounded angles; surface nearly as in the preceding, the side margins
not quite so strongly elevated and less diaphanously rufescent; elytra
similar but not so elongate and more evidently widest a little behind
the middle, not four-fifths longer than wide, the apices similar but not
so produced or so finely acuminate, the impressed striae a little less
coarsely and more irregularly punctured, the intervals convex,
smooth, the setigerous punctures similarly difficult to trace but
apparently three in number; side margins strongly reflexed and
similarly thin and rufo-diaphanous; legs even more slender; two
basal joints of the anterior tarsi with two fine sharp grooves separated
by the broadly convex upper surface, the claws moderately long.
Length (9) 11.3 mm.; width 3.8 mm. Arizona (San Francisco
Mts.), — F. H. Snow sublustris n. sp.

5 — Base of the prothorax very narrow, barely half the maximum width.
Body rather ventricose, feebly convex, very shining throughout,
the elytra with scarcely perceptible alutaceous lustre, dark though
bright testaceous, the elytra more obscure; head elongate, three-
fourths as wide as the prothorax, with rather narrow and abruptly
formed neck, the eyes moderate but prominent; antennae nearly
half as long as the body, slender, the third joint about a fourth
longer than the fourth, both much elongated; prothorax only about
a sixth longer than wide, rather inflated, widest near anterior third,
the sides rounded, gradually very converging behind the middle,
becoming very broadly and scarcely evidently sinuate to the basal
angles, which are right, very sharp and abruptly prominent; base
broadly sinuate, becoming arcuate at the sides, barely two-thirds
as wide as the apex, which is broadly, distinctly sinuate between the
broadly and obtusely rounded angles; surface distinctly convex,
broadly, feebly concave toward the sides, more deeply basally,
the edges strongly reflexed and thin, the median stria fine but strong;
elytra fully three-fourths longer than wide, regularly oval, four-
fifths wider than the prothorax. rather obtusely oblique and feebly
sinuate at apex, the tips obtusely angulate; striae fine, feeble, very
obsoletely and irregularly sculptured, the scutellar almost effaced,
the fovea however strong; intervals just visibly convex, the third
with four or five punctures; side margins very strongly reflexed and
rufo-diaphanous; legs long and slender, the hind tarsi almost as
long as the tibiae; basal joint of the anterior with two fine approxi-
mate dorsal grooves, meeting at base, subobsolete on the following
joints; claws long, slender, arcuate. Length (9) H-7 mm.; width
4.0 mm. New Mexico (Cloudcroft, Sacramento Mts.), — Warren
Knaus dissecta Lee.

Base of the prothorax relatively less narrowed and more or less evidently
exceeding one-half the maximum width 6

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^ 165

6 — Elytra strongly shining; body stouter. Color blackish rufo-piceous,
the elytra rather more obscure, except the thin diaphanous and
strongly reflexed rufous side margins; head only slightly elongate,
two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, the neck abruptly formed, the
oblique sides behind the eyes not as long as the latter; antennae
moderately slender basally, thickened apically, less than half as
long as the body, the third joint a third longer than the fourth;
prothorax unusually broad, not at all longer than wide, widest at
apical third, the sides strongly rounded, strongly converging pos-
teriorly, becoming rather abruptly deeply sinuate near the base,
thence somewhat diverging to the right and very sharp, prominent
angles; base rather strongly sinuate, becoming transverse laterally,
fully three-fifths the maximum width and as wide as the apex, which
is rather deeply sinuate between the obtuse and rounded angles; sur-
face somewhat convex, declivous at the sides to the strongly reflexed
thin margins, along which the concavity is narrow and deep, becoming
lost basally in the large and deep basal concavities, the angles
appearing thereby very much reflexed; stria fine, broadly impressed,
conspicuous; elytra four-fifths longer than wide, evenly suboblong-
oval, feebly convex, barely three-fifths wider than the prothorax,
the humeri rather more suggested than usual, the apices obliquely,
strongly sinuate, the tips obtusely angulate though sharply defined;
striae fine, feebly impressed, indefinitely and minutely sculptured,
the scutellar long but feeble, the intervals feebly convex, very slightly
alutaceous, the third with about four small setigerous punctures;
legs long and slender, the hind tarsi fully as long as the tibiae;
first joint of the anterior with two diverging dorsal grooves, starting
from the middle of the base, the outer entire, the inner much ab-
breviated. Length (9) 13.2 mm.; width 4.5 mm. Arizona (San

Francisco Mts.), — F. H. Snow constricta n. sp.

Elytra opaque, the body notably slender. Sierra Nevada Mountains. .7
7 — Body, legs and antennae bright testaceous in color, the elytra dark
rufo-piceous, with the usual diaphanous reddish margins; anterior
parts and under surface shining; head of the usual subrhomboidal
form, three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the eyes of the usual
development and convex; oblique sides behind them much longer
than the eyes; antennae slender, filiform, rather more than half as
long as the body, the third joint nearly one-half longer than the
fourth; prothorax only a sixth longer than wide, widest at apical
third, the sides rounded, converging posteriorly, becoming not
abruptly straight and parallel for a slight distance from the angles,
which are right but not at all prominent and evidently blunt or
rounded; base very distinctly narrower than the apex, four-sevenths
the maximum width, feebly sinuate, transversely rounded laterally;
apex feebly sinuate, with obtusely rounded angles; surface feebly
convex, depressed but not strongly impressed basally and with some
feeble punctures near the basal angles, the median stria strong,
feeble posteriorly; sides moderately and abruptly reflexed; elytra
very nearly twice as long as wide, barely visibly widest posteriorly,
four-fifths wider than the prothorax, the sides very oblique basally,

1 66 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

without trace of humeri; surface very feebly convex, the striae very
fine and finely, obsoletely sculptured, the intervals nearly flat, the
third with four punctures, the sides rather strongly and very abruptly
reflexed, the apices obliquely feebly sinuate, the tips not prolonged
but separately angulate, the angle only moderately sharp; legs long
and slender, the anterior tarsi simple, the posterior strongly grooved
at the sides as usual, nearly four-fifths as long as the tibiae. Length
(cf) 1 1. 2 mm.; width 3.75 mm. California (Truckee, near Lake
Tahoe) jejuna Lee.

Body in color, lustre and general form as in the preceding but still more
slender; head more elongate, nearly four-fifths as wide as the pro-
thorax, the neck narrower, the eyes similar; antennae a little less
slender, the third and fourth joints actually not so long but of the
same relative proportion; prothorax narrower, fully a fifth longer
than wide, similar in form, except that the sides are more broadly
arcuate and, toward base, become only oblique and very feebly
sinuate, not at all parallel near the angles, which are slightly obtuse
as well as distinctly rounded; base similar but barely visibly narrower
than the apex, nearly three-fifths the maximum width; surface nearly
similar throughout, except that there is a feeble impression extending
almost from apex to base and parallel to the side margins at a con-
siderable distance therefrom: elytra still more nearly twice as long
as wide, a little narrower, not definitely widest posteriorly, the surface
and margins similar, the striae even finer and feebler and the apices
more obliquely sinuate but with each tip evenly and broadly rounded ;
legs and tarsi nearly similar, the hind trochanters short and with
the apex very obtuse, almost arcuato-truncate. Length (cf) n.o
mm.; width 3.5 mm. California. Labelled simply "Cal." in the
Levette collection gracilenta n. sp.

8 — Head barely visibly narrower than the prothorax. Body shining and
pale testaceous throughout, the elytra feebly alutaceous, rather
strongly ventricose; head elongate, the eyes rather large but only
moderately convex, equal in length to the oblique sides behind
them; antennae long, very slender and filiform, much more than
half as long as the body, the third joint a third longer than the fourth,
all the joints very long; prothorax two-fifths longer than wide,
widest near apical third, the sides rounded, very gradually converging
posteriorly, becoming very slightly sinuate near the basal angles,
which are nearly right and moderately reflexed but not prominent
or very .sharp; base sinuate medially, arcuate at the sides, one-half
the maximum width and three-fourths as wide as the apex, which is
transverse, with the angles barely at all advanced, slightly more than
right and very narrowly blunt; surface feebly convex, feebly im-
pressed nearly throughout at some distance from the rather strongly
and abruptly reflexed margins, the impressions deeper basally,
impunctate, the median stria fine but strong, subentire; elytra evenly
oval, widest at the middle and about two and one-half times as
wide as the prothorax, nearly three-fourths longer than wide; surface
very feebly convex, the striae very fine and feeble, the intervals
not quite flat, the third with four punctures, the side margins rather

ClCINDELID^: AND CARABID^ 167

feebly reflexed, the apices obliquely sinuate, the tips angulate, the
angle right and sharply denned; legs long, very slender, the hind
tarsi about as long as the tibiae, the anterior ( 9 ) very slender, not
grooved dorsally. Length (9) 9-3 mm.; width 2.8 mm. New

Mexico (Las Vegas), — Meeske longipes n. sp.

Head much narrower than the prothorax 9

9 — Body, legs and antennae pale brownish-testaceous throughout, shining,
the elytra feebly alutaceous; head elongate, rhomboidal, four-fifths
as wide as the prothorax, the eyes well developed; antennae very
long, slender and filiform, the second joint relatively much longer
than in the preceding and distinctly more than half as long as the
third, which is a third longer than the fourth; prothorax a little
more than a fourth longer than wide, widest near apical third, the
sides rounded, gradually converging posteriorly and becoming
evidently though feebly sinuate for a considerable distance before the
angles, which are slightly obtuse but very sharp and well defined;
base only three-sevenths the maximum width and barely three-fifths
as wide as the apex, which is broadly and evenly sinuate between the
broadly obtuse and rounded angles ; surface nearly as in the preceding
but less impressed at the sides basally, less strongly reflexed at the
sides and with a more deeply impressed median stria; elytra more
elongate, evenly oval, widest at the middle, almost twice as long as
wide and about twice as wide as the prothorax, the surface similar
but more broadly concave and strongly reflexed at the sides, the
apices a little less obliquely sinuate and the angulate tips rather
more obtuse; legs long and very slender, the hind tarsi not quite as
long as the tibiae, the anterior ( 9 ) with the long first joint feebly
bistriate dorsally. Length (9) 9-7 mm.; width 3.0 mm. New

Mexico (Jemez Springs), — Woodgate anthicoides n. sp.

Body, legs and antennae pale rufo-testaceous, shining, the elytra opaque
and with a large blackish cloud occupying the entire area except
laterally and more broadly toward base; head moderately elongate,
three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the eyes moderate, shorter
than the oblique sides behind them; antennae shorter than in the
two preceding, though fully half as long as the body, slender basally,
gradually thickened distally, the third joint nearly one-half longer
than the fourth; prothorax about a fifth longer than wide, the sides
anteriorly subparallel and feebly arcuate, rounding more apically,
gradually converging in about basal half, becoming very broadly
and feebly sinuate and oblique posteriorly, the angles obtuse and
well rounded; base transverse, the sides rounded and slightly more
posteriorly projecting, nearly three-fifths the maximum width and
four-fifths as wide as the apex, which is evenly and feebly sinuate
between the obtuse and moderately rounded angles; surface feebly
convex, impunctate, feebly impressed not very near each side behind
the middle, only a little more so basally, the side margins abruptly
but not strongly reflexed; elytra two-thirds longer than wide, twice
as wide as the prothorax, slightly more inflated posteriorly, nearly
flat, rather broadly and strongly reflexed at the sides posteriorly but
gradually and only finely so basally, very finely and feebly striate,

1 68 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

obliquely and feebly sinuate at apex, the tips each obtuse and
rounded; third interval with four punctures; legs rather long and
slender, the anterior tarsi obviously grooved. Length (9 ) 9.0 mm.;
width 2.7 mm. Mexico (Colonia Garcia, Sierra Madre Mts.,
Chihuahua), — C. H. T. Townsend *perlevis n. sp.

Of the species pertaining to this genus which I do not have at
hand, it should be said that larvalis Lee. — from the regions about
St. Louis, Mo., but apparently very rare — has the third antennal
joint as long as the next two combined and caudata Lee., has the
alternate strial intervals of the elytra peculiarly punctate, appar-
ently somewhat as in Platynus hypolithus Say. Finally, myrmecodes
Horn, is evidently related to the small species named longipes and
anthicoides above, but, though the description fits either of them
tolerably well, the third antennal joint would hardly be recorded as
a little longer than the fourth in either of them; it is much longer
than the fourth; as the elytra are said to be nearly twice as long
as wide, it may be more closely allied to anthicoides than to longipes;
however, as the latter species are mutually widely distinct, the
probabilities are that neither of them will prove to be the same as
the Arizonian myrmecodes. It is probable that LeConte included
several species under his very inadequately described jejuna, and I
am not positive that the one above described under that name is
precisely conspecific; it has been in my collection under that name
for many years, however, and my recollection is that it was com-
pared with the one bearing the type label in the LeConte collection.
Of the Mexican species, leptodes Bates, differs from any above de-
scribed in having the thoracic base sinuate from angle to angle and
euprepes Bates, also from Durango, differs in the strong elytral
striae; it is about 12 mm. in length.

Olisthopus Dej.

It is almost impossible to believe that either Feronia parmata or
Olisthopus cinctus of Say, can be identical with the species that is
commonly known as Olisthopus parmatus Say, in our present lists,
and yet, if not applying to the latter, they must both be considered
unknown. For instance, under the description of Feronia parmata,
the author states that the prothorax is destitute of an elevated edge
and that the elytra are black-brown to the sixth stria, the margin
pale rufous; neither of these characters applies to our Olisthopus

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^ 169

parmatus Say. Again, under Olisthopus cinctus, he writes that the
lateral basal impressions of the pronotum are sparsely punctured
and the elytra dull reddish-brown, whereas in our usual conception
of parmatus, with which cinctus has been merged as a synonym,
there is no trace of punctuation and the elytra are strongly varie-
gated in color. However, until Say's forms can be known more
definitely, it would not be worth while to overturn the prevailing
notions of parmatus Say. The American species of Olisthopus are
moderately numerous, those in my collection being definable as
follows :

Body somewhat ventricose, the antennae long, very slender and filiform,
two-thirds to three-fourths as long as the body 2

Body more parallel, very small in size, the antennae much shorter, one-
half as long as the body or but little more, though filiform and more
or less slender 6

2 — Basal impressions of the pronotum longer, sublinear though very
broadly concave and extending to basal fourth. Body narrower
than in parmatus but similar in coloration, black beneath, with
pale legs, shining throughout, the elytra barely at all alutaceous;
head black, as wide as long, three-fifths as wide as the prothorax,
the eyes large; antennae fuscous, the three basal joints pale; pro-
thorax two-fifths wider than long, the sides rounded almost evenly,
widest barely before the middle, the base transverse and very moder-
ately arcuate, the apex rather deeply sinuate, the basal angles very
broadly rounded; surface piceous-black, rufescent laterally, with
pale elevated marginal bead; elytra testaceous, black except at the
sides and along the sutural interval in a cloud occupying rather more
than posterior half and with a transverse testaceous common spot
at the centre, oblong-oval, a third longer than wide, nearly one-half
wider than the prothorax, together subcircularly rounded at apex,
the sinuation obsolete; surface with rather strong and distinctly
impressed striae, the two lateral punctulate, the lateral series of
foveae broadly interrupted, the scutellar long, continuous with the
first stria, the basal part of the latter disconnected, the fovea not
distinct, the first and second punctulate basally; intervals feebly
convex, the third with three punctures. Length (cf ) 6.5 mm.; width
2.6 mm. Wisconsin (Bayfield), — Wickham pictus n. sp.

Basal impressions short, not extending far from the basal margin, always
impunctate 3

3 — The impressions small, rounded and foveiform, the prothorax rela-
tively large 4

The impressions outwardly oblique anteriorly from the base and not
including a rounded foveiform concavity at the base; prothorax
relatively much smaller 5

4 — Body stouter, moderately convex, deep and shining black, the fine
elevated marginal bead of the pronotum and the e'ytra and epi-

170 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

pleura testaceous, the disk of the elytra with a large black cloud in
about posterior two-thirds, not extending to the sides, the sutural
interval pale and with a lateral nubilous pale dilatation at about the
centre; under surface black, the legs pale; head actually but not
relatively larger than in pictus, three-fifths as wide as the prothorax,
the eyes and antennae similar; prothorax larger, more transverse,
one-half wider than long, similar, except that the base is more
rounded and more continuous with the sides, also more distinctly
wider than the apex; elytra oblong-oval, broader, with more rounded
sides and still more obtuse apex, only about a fourth longer than
wide and a third wider than the prothorax, the striae finer, much less
impressed and everywhere impunctate, the intervals flat, just visibly
convex internally, the apical sinuses only barely indicated. Length
(cf 9 ) 6.2-7.2 mm.; width 2.8-3.2 mm. Rhode Island, Massa-
chusetts, Pennsylvania and District of Columbia, [cinctus Say].

parmatus Say

A — Similar to the preceding in every way, except that it is much smaller
in size, the prothorax and elytra both shorter, the former three-
fifths wider than long and the latter barely a fifth longer than
wide; legs a little shorter. Length (cf) 4.8-5.1 mm.; width
2.0-2.2 mm. Indiana iterans n. subsp.

Body less stout and very much smaller, piceous, the pronotum paler
at the finely reflexed lateral margins and with a small nubilous pale
cloud on each elytron near the suture and just behind the middle;
head blackish, as wide as long, three-fifths as wide as the prothorax,
the eyes large, the antennae very slender, filiform, the joints beyond
the second nearly equal in length as in the preceding species; pro-
thorax large, parallel, one-half wider than long, the sides broadly
rounded, the base broadly arcuate, somewhat lobed between the
impressions, the angles very broadly rounded as usual; impressions
small, deep but broadly prolonged anteriorly for some distance in a
very broad and evanescent, indefinite impression; apex rather deeply
sinuate from side to side; elytra oblong-oval, fully a fourth longer
than wide, nearly one-half wider than the prothorax, the sides
broadly arcuate, gradually oblique and straighter apically; surface
not distinctly opalescent, finely striate, the striae impunctate, all
distinct, the scutellar long, forming an even continuation of the first
stria, the basal part of which is detached, the fovea small but evident;
intervals flat or nearly so, the third with the usual three punctures
near the third and second striae; legs slender and rather long, the
hind tarsi five-sixths as long as the tibiae. Length (cf) 4.8 mm.;
width 2.1 mm. Rhode Island (Boston Neck). The single type is
immature innuens n. sp.

5 — Body small in size, much less broad in form, piceous-black, the
elytra nubilously somewhat paler laterally and also transversely
near basal fourth; under surface blackish, the legs pale; head
rather longer than wide, three-fourths as wide as the prothorax,
the eyes large; antennae as in the preceding species; prothorax
( 9 ) relatively very much smaller, nearly three-fifths wider than
long, parallel, with rounded sides, the base almost circularly

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABIDyE 17 1

rounded and continuous with the sides, the position of the angles
marked by the usual strong setigerous puncture; surface broadly
convex, with distinct median stria, the finely reflexed sides
scarcely at all paler in color, the basal impressions broader, more
indefinite and more oblique than in the preceding; apex about as
wide as the base, feebly sinuate, the angles blunt but not so broadly
rounded as in parmatus; elytra more oblong, a fourth longer than
wide, the sides broadly arcuate and rather moie broadly reflexed,
fully two-thirds wider than the prothorax, the striae extremely fine,
impunctate, almost obsolete externally, the intervals flat, the third
with the usual three punctures; apices rather broadly arcuato-
subtruncate and without trace of sinuations; surface lustre feebly
opalescent; scutellar fovea distinct; tarsi extremely slender, the
posterior much more notably shorter than the tibiae than in the
preceding. Length (9) 4.6 mm.; width 1.9 mm. Rhode Island.

filicornis n. sp.

6 — Form rather narrow and shining, moderately convex, piceous, the
elytra but faintly variegated; head rather wider than long, two-
thirds as wide as the prothorax, the eyes large, moderately promi-
nent; antennae slender, three-fifths as long as the body, the outer
joints gradually shorter, the tenth two and one-half times as long
as wide and three-fourths as long as the third; prothorax one-half
wider than long, evenly rounded at the sides, the base broadly
arcuate, truncate or subsinuate medially, as wide as the apex, which
is feebly sinuate; basal angles very broadly obtuse and rounded;
surface moderately convex, finely reflexed at the sides, feebly
striate, the impressions very small, rounded and basal; elytra oblong,
fully a fourth longer than wide, two-fifths wider than the prothorax,
the sides parallel and broadly arcuate, the combined apices almost
evenly rounded; surface and striae almost as in the preceding, except
that there is no evident opalescence; legs and tarsi extremely slender,
the posterior tarsi much shorter than the tibiae. Length (cf ) 3.5 mm. ;
width 1.4 mm. Louisiana (Alexandria). A single rather immature
example pusio n. sp.

Form nearly similar, shining, piceous-black, the pronotum feebly pal-
lescent toward the periphery, the elytra colored almost as in par-
matus, but with the short transverse pale sutural spot more posterior
in position and evidently behind the middle; under surface rufo-
piceous, the legs pale; head as long as wide, with well developed eyes,
three-fifths as wide as the prothorax; antennae scarcely more than
half as long as the body, less slender than usual, the joints much
shorter, gradually decreasing, the tenth about twice as long as wide;
prothorax three-fifths wider than long, the sides rounded and with a
fine reflexed margin, the general outline of the sides and base as in
parmatus, the impressions very small, foveiform and very near the
basal marginal bead, which is broadly interrupted medially; elytra
a fourth longer than wide and nearly a third wider than the pro-
thorax, throughout nearly as in parmatus; tarsi unusually short, the
posterior scarcely more than two-thirds as long as the tibiae. Length
( 9 ) 3.7 mm.: width 1.4 mm. Illinois brevicornis n. sp.

172 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Micans of LeConte, described from Georgia and said to be very
rare, may possibly be redescribed above under the names filicornis
or innuens; it is said to be 4.7 by 1.75 mm. in dimensions and the
elytra with cyaneous reflection, which is not apparent in innuens.
If the striae in micans were as in filicornis, they would almost cer-
tainly have been described as obsolescent except suturally. The
basal impressions of the pronotum in micans are said to be small,
rounded and scarcely conspicuous, which would not suit the broad
oblique impressions of filicornis at all, but is rather more suggestive
of innuens and pusio; the latter, however, is much smaller and
neither of them have any distinct metallic lustre on the elytra. In
view of the plurality of species in the genus and the wide difference
in habitat of micans, innuens, and filicornis, I will leave the species
as here announced for the present. Iterans is probably a distinct
species and not a subspecies of parmatus; but, in view of the very
great similarity in nearly all features except size, it would be a
rather more conservative course perhaps to annc ince it as a sub-
species provisionally.

Atranus Lee.

The following is allied to pubescens Dej., but is smaller and of
different coloration:

Atranus pallescens n. sp. — Rather slender, pale brownish-testaceous
in color, the head more obscure, shining, clothed not very densely with
short inclined pale hairs; head as in pubescens but narrower and with less
prominent eyes, the antennae not quite so long, with the joints becoming
shorter apically; prothorax relatively larger though more narrowed
basally, the base rather less oblique at the sides, the angles obtuse ; surface
almost similar, except that the basal impressions are smaller, shorter
and more lineiform, barely as long as wide and very much wider than the
head; elytra narrower and barely twice as wide as the prothorax but
otherwise nearly similar, the strial punctures rather coarser; under
surface and legs testaceous, the prosternum more obscure and the head
blackish. Length (a71) 5.0-5.4 mm.; width 1.8-1.9 mm. Philadelphia
(Fairmount Park). Two examples.

This species differs from pubescens in its smaller size, more slender
hind body but broader prothorax, the elytra being distinctly more
than twice as wide as the prothorax in that species, in its narrower
head, less elongate antennae and rather less prominent eyes. The
types have been undescribed in my collection for about thirty years.

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^ 173

Philophuga Mots.

This genus is said by G. H. Horn to be closely allied to Calleida,
differing only by the fourth tarsal joint being emarginate and not
bilobed; but others, and among them Chaudoir and Bates, regard
the two genera as being much less closely related — in fact assignable
to different groups. The difference in form of the fourth tarsal
joint is certainly a very important and radical character, but I
have not given the "Troncatipennes" sufficient general study to
warrant any decided opinion at this time. The tarsal claws are
strongly pectinate as in Cymindis and Calleida. Our species,
omitting castanea Horn, which can be recognized readily by its
marked difference in color, being castaneous and not blue or green
as is always the case in the others, may be identified by the following
short comparative diagnoses:

Elytra more elongate, never less than a third to two-fifths longer than
wide and only feebly or moderately narrowed basally 2

Elytra shorter, a fourth longer than wide or but slightly more and more
narrowed basally, the body smaller in size 5

2 — Prothorax distinctly wider than long, the elytral striae deep, the
intervals convex. Blue-green in color, shining and metallic in
lustre, the antennae black, the first three joints each with a small
ferruginous spot beneath; head feebly rugose and punctate at the
sides, the frontal impressions broad, short and oblique; prothorax
wider than long, convex, subcordate, the sides rounded, the base
retracted; lateral margin finely reflexed, broader posteriorly, the
hind angles feebly elevated, obtuse; base obliquely truncate at the
sides; surface with the transverse impressions and median stria deep,
transversely rugulose, obsoletely on the disk, the base punctate and
with a few punctures anteriorly; elytra subconvex, subparallel, the
humeri rounded, the apices rectilinearly truncate, the striae deep,
punctate, the intervals convex and with small sparse punctures; legs
black. Length 9.4 mm.; width 4.6 mm. Colorado (near Long's
Peak), [horni Chd.] amcena Lee.

Prothorax about as long as wide, the elytral striae fine or shallow, the
intervals flat 3

3 — Sides of the prothorax strongly sinuate posteriorly, becoming nearly
parallel and straight toward the angles, which are but little more than
right and bluntly rounded. Body smaller than usual in this section,
pure deep blue in color throughout and only moderately shining
above, greenish-blue and metallic beneath, the legs black; head
slightly narrower than the prothorax, not strongly, sparsely punc-
tate, impunctate medially, the antennae black, the three basal joints
pale, the first black along its entire upper surface, the second and
third with an apical black spot above; prothorax slightly wider than
long, the sides rounded, converging and sinuate posteriorly, the

174 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

base almost truncate, being only very feebly arcuate from side to
side, three-fourths the maximum width and four-fifths as wide as
the apex, which is rectilinearly truncate from side to side; surface
punctured basally and near the apex and with fine transverse rugu-
lation throughout the width, convexly declivous laterally to the
fine reflexed margin, along which there is a broad impression which
is feeble medially, becoming deep at base, the angles not much
reflexed; elytra not quite one-half longer than wide, distinctly
broadest and inflated posteriorly, where they are two and a fourth
times as wide as the prothorax, the apical truncatures feebly oblique
and straight; humeri distinct, rounded; striae very fine, not at all
impressed and finely, rather closely punctate, the intervals with
single more or less irregular series of extremely fine and feeble punc-
tures, the third with two punctures. Length 8.0 mm.; width 3.0
mm. Texas canora n. sp.

Sides of the prothorax oblique and at most feebly and very gradually
sinuate basally, the angles very obtuse 4

4 — Body larger and broader than in the preceding, bright blue or green,
sometimes blue, with the head and prothorax vivid green; surface
much more shining; head broader, sometimes barely narrower than
the prothorax, sparsely punctate; antennae nearly similar but a little
less slender; prothorax nearly similar in general form and sculpture,
except that the transverse rugulosity is coarser and deeper, the base
much more arcuate and the apex very feebly sinuate; basal angles
very obtuse, slightly reflexed and sharply defined; elytra broader,
not so inflated posteriorly and less narrowed thence to the base,
the apices more sinuously truncate, the striae, intervals and punctu-
ation nearly similar, the lustre however much more shining; under
surface metallic green or blue, the legs black. Length 8.3-9.0 mm.;
width 3.0-3.7 mm. Texas, Colorado and Mexico, [subcordata Chd.].

viridicollis Lee.

Body rather less elongate, moderately convex, not quite so shining, deep
violaceous-blue throughout above and beneath, varying to greenish-
blue, the legs black; head broader, barely narrower than the pro-
thorax, the neck broader; punctures sparse and feeble; antennae
nearly similar; prothorax small, fully as long as wide to a little wider,
the sides broadly rounded anteriorly, thence converging and very
broadly, just visibly sinuate to the angles, which are very obtuse,
slightly blunt and distinctly reflexed; base feebly, very evenly
arcuate from angle to angle; surface and general features nearly as
in viridicollis, except that the sides are broadly and more deeply
impressed, the impression obsolete only apically, the basal angles
more blunt and the base relatively somewhat narrower; elytra
evidently shorter, nearly similar, except that the striae are less fine,
more impressed and with the punctures stronger and still more
close-set, the intervals less shining and with much less fine, more
numerous and more broadly confused punctures, the interstitial
punctures in viridicollis being extremely fine and feeble and arranged
in more or less evident irregular single series. Length 8.7-9.0 mm.;
width 3.2-3.3 mm. Arizona caerulea n. sp.

CICINDELIM; AND CARABID/E 175

5 — Sides of the prothorax gradually very sinuate basally, the angles
scarcely more than right and sharply denned. Body only moder-
ately stout, rather convex, strongly shining and bright green,
sometimes bluish; under surface more obscure metallic green, the
legs black; head not so elongate as in the preceding section, the eyes
well developed, the antennae shorter but similarly colored, the three
pale basal joints being partially black above; prothorax distinctly
wider than the head, a very little wider than long, the sides rounded,
the base broadly, evenly arcuate, only slightly narrower than the
apex, which is evenly though but just visibly sinuate; surface
broadly, evenly convex almost to the finely reflexed lateral margins,
with a basal impression near each angle, prolonged obliquely forward
parallel with the sides and gradually evanescent; punctures fine
and sparse throughout, coarser apically and basally, the rugulosity
almost obsolete; elytra a fourth longer than wide, not quite twice
as wide as the prothorax, inflated apically, much narrowed basally,
the humeri distinct, rounded, the surface sparsely but strongly,
unevenly punctate and somewhat rugose, the striae fine, feebly
impressed and finely, not very closely punctate; besides the or-
dinary punctures of the intervals, there are some widely scattered,
which are notably larger, especially on the third, fifth and seventh
intervals. Length 7.3-7.6 mm.; width 2.6-2.9 mm. California.
[cyanea Mots.] viridis Dej.

Sides of the prothorax oblique but only very broadly and but just visibly
sinuate, the angles broadly obtuse; hind body relatively broader. .6

6 — Form rather strongly ventricose, moderately convex, very shining,
bright bluish-green, the elytra rather more bluish, the under surface
more obscure blue-green, the legs black as usual; head moderate
though but barely narrower than the prothorax, the eyes large and
prominent, the surface with a few fine feeble scattered punctures
toward the sides, the eyes rather more convex than in viridis, the
antennae slightly more elongate; prothorax small, slightly wider than
long, the sides rather strongly rounded anteriorly, the basal angles
very obtuse, not evidently reflexed but narrowly deplanate and not
rounded; base transverse, oblique at the sides, very distinctly nar-
rower than the apex; surface convex, finely, transversely and sparsely
strigilate, the punctures scarcely evident except toward the periph-
ery, having at base near each side a large and very deep rounded
impression, not prolonged anteriorly; elytra a fourth longer than
wide, barely twice as wide as the prothorax, inflated posteriorly,
the apices transversely and rectilinearly truncate, with very broadly
rounded external angles, the humeri much rounded; striae extremely
fine, not evidently impressed and with very fine, well separated
punctures, the intervals nearly flat, barely at all undulated and with
very sparse, excessively fine and scarcely discoverable punctures.
Length 7.2 mm.; width 2.8 mm. California — Levette collection.

lauta n. sp.

Form nearly similar but with relatively less narrow head and prothorax,
moderately convex, shining, the elytra very faintly alutaceous, deep
violaceous-blue, the anterior parts tinged with green, the under

176 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

surface shining blue-green, the legs black; head proportioned and
punctured nearly as in the preceding, the antennae similarly colored
but notably stouter; prothorax more distinctly wider than the head,
evidently wider than long, similar throughout to the preceding,
except that the base is relatively broader and equal to the apex, and
that the surface laterally is much more strongly and closely rugose
in transversely anastomosing folds, the basal impressions nearly
similar and not anteriorly prolonged but broader, less sharply or
deeply impressed and more rugosely punctured; median stria deep
and conspicuous between the very feeble transverse impressions;
elytra a little more than a fourth longer than wide, similarly inflated
posteriorly and much narrowed basally, four-fifths wider than the
prothorax, the apices more sinuato-truncate, with the external angles
less broadly rounded; striae moderately fine, feebly impressed and
finely but strongly, very closely punctate, the intervals very nearly
flat and smooth, shining and with extremely fine, widely and ir-
regularly scattered punctures, which however are more easily ob-
served than in lauta; two punctures of the third interval distinct;
scutellar stria long and forming the oblique basal part of the first
stria as usual. Length 6.8 mm.; width 2.7 mm. Colorado (Boulder
Co.) puella n. sp.

The only two species described above that are in any way mutu-
ally very closely allied are mridicollis and carulea; the prothorax is
very evidently more narrowed at base and more impressed laterally,
and the elytra more strongly sculptured and slightly more abbre-
viated, in the latter, and there is a decided difference in the scheme
of interstitial punctuation, the punctures in mridicollis being
extremely small and feeble and arranged in irregular single series,
while in ccerulea they are much stronger, more numerous, though
sparse, and are more irregularly scattered over the entire surface.
Whether or not carulea may be the true subcordata of Chaudoir,
however, I have no means of knowing, but am of the opinion that
they are not the same, in view of the very local range of species in
the Arizona region, with its sharply separated and isolated mountain
systems. The above description of amcena Lee., is drawn from the
original, as I do not possess an example of that species. It is dis-
tinguished principally by the unusually transverse prothorax, deep
elytral striae and convex intervals ; the coloration of the three basal
joints of the antennae, as recorded by the author, is also quite dif-
ferent from the usual type, as stated above under canora.

ClCINDELIOE AND CARABID^E 177

Calleida Dej.
The following species is to be placed near viridipennis Say :

Calleida striata n. sp. — Anterior parts slender when compared with
the hind body, moderately convex and shining, black, the head and
pronotum with rather obscure violaceous lustre, variegated with metallic
green, of which a vitta parallel to and not very near the thoracic margin
from apex to base is especially noticeable; elytra vivid green, gradually
with feebly cupreous lustre broadly toward the sides; head as wide as the
prothorax and distinctly longer, the sides long and gradually oblique
behind the eyes; antennae slender, obscure, the first three joints pale;
prothorax slightly longer than wide, nearly as in viridipennis but much
more broadly and feebly rounded at the sides, the latter less converging
basally, the angles rounded and the base subequal in width to the apex;
elytra similar in shape but rather less elongate and more narrowed from
posterior third to the base, two and one-half times as wide as the pro-
thorax, the striae fine, obsoletely and irregularly sculptured or punctulate
and deeply impressed, the intervals notably convex, especially toward
the sides, not visibly punctate but much more strongly micro-reticulate
than in viridipennis, the third with the usual two setigerous punctures;
under surface metallic green; legs black, the tarsi finely sulcate above,
the fourth joint deeply bilobed. Length 8.8 mm.; width 3.2 mm.
Florida (locality unrecorded).

Differs from viridipennis in its narrower form, coloration, deeper
striae, more convex and subalutaceous intervals, relatively narrower
base of the elytra and many other features.

Cymindis Latr.

Some of the synonymy proposed by the late Dr. Horn in this
genus is unaccountable, even aside from the well known taxonomic
idiosyncrasies of that author. For example, the small brevipennis
of Zimmermann, is not only said to be the same as planipennis Lee.,
but is made the type of his description of the latter. These species
are as widely separated as any two in the section of the genus
having broadly reflexed thoracic margins and resemble each other
in scarcely any respect whatever. Planipennis is one of the largest
species and seems to be rare ; I am fortunate enough to find a single
example in my collection, taken in Colorado; it would weigh fully
as much as six average individuals of brevipennis. Again venator
Dej., does not seem to be the same as americana, as shown by the
male sexual characters, at least of species so identified below, and
abstrusa Lee., is not exactly cribricollis Dej., though these mistakes
are more excusable. Cribricollis is however not very definitely
T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

178 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

determinable; the recorded characters are unusually indeterminate,
for the descriptions of Dejean seldom betray any lack of clearness or
precision, and I have been obliged to select from a number of closely
allied forms, one that seems to best fit his definition. Our species
are rather more numerous than hitherto supposed but are difficult
to differentiate very satisfactorily by description; however, the fol-
lowing table may prove of some aid in identification:

Prothorax transverse, with the side margins more or less broadly reflexo-
explanate 2

Prothorax about as long as wide, more convex and with the side margins
only very finely reflexed 17

2 — Body intense black throughout and virtually glabrous, the legs black.
Lustre above highly polished throughout, the elytra not in the least
alutaceous; head nearly as wide as long, evidently narrower than
the prothorax, the eyes large and prominent; palpi and antennae
rufo-piceous, the latter slender; front with a few fine sparse punctures,
except medially, and some long rugae near the eyes; prothorax fully
a third wider than long, the sides rounded anteriorly, moderately
Converging, oblique and straight posteriorly to the angles, which
are very obtuse but minutely subprominent; base broadly, strongly
arcuate, as wide as the slightly less sinuate apex; surface with ex-
tremely minute, remote and scarcely visible punctures, becoming
more distinct toward the periphery, more broadly toward the basal
angles, with a feeble rounded impression at base at about outer
fourth, the lateral margins rather broadly concave, the edge reflexed;
elytra about a third longer than wide, three-fifths wider than the
prothorax, distinctly wider posteriorly than at base, the striae
rather fine but impressed, finely and closely punctate, the intervals
moderately convex, each with a single irregular series of widely
spaced punctures, which are barely visibly larger than those of the
striae; scutellar stria long; apices broadly sinuate externally; legs
and tarsi black, the tarsi beneath, and the tibiae apically, with nu-
merous coarse fulvous hairs; male with two short feeble parallel
impressions at the apex of the abdomen. Length (cf) 9.5 mm.;
width 3.7 mm. Mexico (Tres Marias, Morelos), — Wickham.

*atrolucens n. sp.

Body piceous to blackish, sometimes variegated with paler, the legs
always pale 3

3 — Head and disk of the prothorax concolorous with the elytra 4

Head and prothorax throughout paler than the elytra, or at least the
major part of the elytra, the latter sometimes pale basally, having
only about two setigerous discal punctures situated on the third
interval 14

4 — Pronotum with very sparse and rather fine punctures, a little larger
and less sparse toward the periphery; elytra with about four setiger-
ous punctures on the third interval 5

Pronotum with coarser punctures, more close-set and generally more
even in distribution . 6

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^E 179

5 — Body only feebly convex, varying unusually in size, shining, blackish-
piceous, the sides of the prothorax, flanks of the elytra nubilously,
epipleura, median parts of the sterna and the legs paler, testaceous;
surface with rather short stiff sparse pale hairs; head rather closely
and strongly punctured, except the median parts of the front;
antennae moderate, fuscous, paler basally; prothorax a fourth to
nearly a third wider than long, nearly as in cribricollis in general
character but with the punctures much smaller and very sparse;
elytra oblong-oval, slightly widest posteriorly, the sides broadly
rounded, about a third longer than wide and two-thirds wider than
the prothorax, which is relatively smaller than in cribricollis and less
transverse; apices obliquely sinuato-truncate; surface smooth and
shining, the striae fine but rather strong, very finely and closely
punctulate, the intervals nearly flat, each with a very irregular
single series of sparse impressed punctures, which are distinctly
larger than those of the striae, the third alone apparently having
three or four slightly larger setigerous punctures. Length (cf 9 )
8. 2-1 1. o mm.; width 2.9-3.9 mm. Mexico (Colonia Garcia, Sierra
Madre Mts., Chihuahua), — C. H. T. Townsend.. . *uniseriata Bates

Body narrower and rather more convex, paler rufo-piceous in color
throughout, the legs and antennae still paler, shining, the elytra
rather opaque in the female, alutaceous in the male; hairs short,
stiff, fulvous, in single series on the strial intervals; head strongly,
sparsely punctured, broadly toward the sides, three-fourths as
wide as the prothorax, the antennae two-thirds as long as the body,
slender and filiform; prothorax two-fifths wider than long, widest
near apical third, formed nearly as in cribricollis, with broadly con-
cave and reflexed side margins and feebly prominent obtuse basal
angles, the surface however more broadly and evenly convex, not
very coarsely but strongly, very sparsely punctate, broadly trans-
versely impressed and more coarsely, closely and subrugosely
punctured near the base, the median stria fine but rather impressed,
not entire; elytra two-fifths longer than wide, about one-half wider
than the prothorax, slightly broadened posteriorly, the apices
broadly, evenly arcuate, becoming straight or very faintly sinuate
only near the broadly rounded outer angles; striae excessively fine
and faint, not at all impressed and extremely finely, not at all closely
punctulate, the flat intervals each with a single very.irregular series
of very fine and feeble punctures, not differing much from those of
the striae, the third, fifth and seventh with a series of slightly larger
setigerous punctures, about four in number on each; male with a
small rounded impression at each side of the middle at the apex of
the last ventral segment. Length (cf 9 ) 8.2-9.0 mm.; width 3.0-
3.3 mm. Utah (Marysvale), — H. F. Wickham.. . .evanescens n. sp.

6 — Elytra broadly, obliquely arcuate at apex, not at all sinuate and with
very broadly rounded outer angles; intervals three, five and seven
each with about four setigerous punctures; pronotum more broadly
and evenly convex throughout the width 7

Elytra feebly obliquely sinuato-truncate at apex, the third interval alone

180 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

with about three setigerous punctures; pronotum more convex
medially, rather less obviously so in unicolor 9

7 — Elytra longer, about a third longer than wide. Form rather stout,
moderately convex, piceous-black, the pronotal and elytral reflexed
margins, epipleura, under surface except laterally and the legs,
pale testaceous; pubescence not close but rather long and stiff,
pale yellowish; head coarsely, rather closely punctate, except the
median parts of the front, distinctly narrower than the prothorax,
with broad neck and only moderately prominent eyes; antennae ( 9 )
long, slender, pale in color, fully half as long as the body; prothorax
about one-half wider than long, the sides somewhat irregularly
rounded anteriorly, convergent and straighter posteriorly to the
rather prominent though obtuse angles; base broadly arcuate, dis-
tinctly narrower than the apex; surface very coarsely, rather closely
punctate, sparsely so medially, where minute sparse punctures are
also more or less obvious; sides only moderately broadly reflexed;
elytra distinctly wider posteriorly than at base, two-thirds wider
than the prothorax, feebly alutaceous, especially in the female, the
striae very fine, unimpressed, even and finely, rather closely punc-
tulate, the flat intervals with confused sparse punctures which are
similar to those of the striae; male with the last ventral evenly,
circularly rounded and having, posteriorly on the disk, a very feeble
obtuse carinule. Length (c? 9) 11.0-11.5 mm.; width 3.8-4.1 mm.
Arizona (locality unrecorded) arizonensis Schf.

Elytra distinctly shorter, about a fourth longer than wide 8

8 — Form, size and coloration nearly as in the preceding but rather
narrower; head similarly well developed, with broad neck and still
larger though only moderately prominent eyes, the punctures not
quite so coarse and more widely separated; antennae (9 ) pale, long
and slender, almost half as long as the body; prothorax less trans-
verse, but little over a fourth wider than long, the outline nearly
similar, except that the basal angles are more prominent, right and
sharp, the short sinus before them decidedly deep and the base
relatively wider though evidently narrower than the apex, the apical
angles similarly very broadly rounded ; surface with coarse and deep
though rather well separated punctures, a little sparser medially but
not intermingled very evidently with remote punctules, the sides
rather more broadly deplanato-concave, the edge less strongly re-
flexed; elytra oblong-oval, only just visibly widest subposteriorly,
one-half wider than the prothorax, the striae fine and finely punctate
but a little stronger than in the preceding, the intervals very faintly
convex, more shining, with the confused punctures somewhat less
sparse and a little stronger; inclined hairs slightly more numerous and
much shorter. Length (9) n.o mm.; width 3.9 mm. Colorado.
Levette collection laticollis Say

Form still narrower, the size much smaller; color piceous but slightly
less blackish, similarly pallid at the margins and beneath; hairs stiff,
rather numerous, pale yellowish and much longer than in laticollis;
head notably smaller, with narrower neck, similar eyes and closer
and coarse punctures, which are wanting antero-medially; antennae

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID/E l8l

pale, rather shorter than in either of the preceding; prothorax two-
fifths to nearly one-half wider than long, throughout nearly as in
arizonensis but with the coarse punctures more numerous and less
irregularly disposed; elytra almost as in laticollis throughout and
evidently shining in both sexes, the striae still slightly finer and
similarly minutely punctate, the intervals flat or virtually so, with
fine and evidently less numerous confused punctures, each bearing
a much longer stiff hair, those of the fourth and sixth intervals
sometimes displaying a tendency to arrangement in a single irregular
line; fifth ventral in the male having a small and shallow but very
distinct apical sinus, which is perfectly constant in the four males
at hand, the surface apically sometimes with a very broadly obtuse
faint raised axial line. Length (cf 9 ) 9.8-10.5 mm.; width 3.5-3.75
mm. Arizona (Benson), — Dunn and also New Mexico.

zuniana n. sp.

9 — Seventh elytral stria impressed and similar to the others or but slightly
feebler. Body not stout, very moderately convex, rufo-piceous in
color, the side margins, under surface, except the blackish margins
and sides of the abdominal segments, and the legs, still paler; head
well developed, the neck wide, the eyes only moderate in size or
prominence; punctures very coarse, deep, rather close-set, largely
wanting antero-medially ; antenna* rather long and slender; prothorax
two-fifths wider than long, the sides very evenly rounded anteriorly,
converging, becoming gradually feebly and broadly sinuate poste-
riorly to the obtuse though slightly prominent angles; surface nearly
even, coarsely, rather closely, somewhat unevenly punctate, the
sides very broadly concave, strongly reflexed and diaphanous as
usual, the general form as in cribricollis; elytra a little longer than
in that species but otherwise nearly similar in form, the striae notably
coarser and deeper, especially in the female, with the punctures
everywhere more close-set and confined to the limits of the striae,
the intervals very feebly convex and with numerous punctures,
irregularly but not densely disposed and rather smaller than those of
the striae; fifth ventral (cf) almost evenly rounded behind, the surface
longitudinally convex and with a very short faint raised axial line
at tip. Length (cf 9 ) 9-5-9-8 mm.; width 3.4-3.5 mm. New
Mexico acomana n. sp.

Seventh stria unimpressed, very feeble and sometimes almost obliter-
ated 10

10 — Sides of the pronotum only moderately broadly but rather more
abruptly reflexed, the pronotal punctures slightly less coarse. Color
blackish-piceous throughout above, except, as usual, at the side
margins, the under surface varying from almost entirely black to
almost completely pale; head rather short, with only moderately
wide neck and prominent eyes, the punctures coarse, larger than those
of the pronotum and rather close-set: antennae testaceous, rather
slender; prothorax in outline nearly as in cribricollis but more evenly
convex from side to side and with evidently less coarse though equally
close-set punctures; elytra narrower, more than two-fifths longer than
wide, three-fifths wider than the prothorax, the striae fine (cf1) but

1 82 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

sometimes coarser and distinctly impressed (9), finely, not very
closely punctate, the punctures confined to the strise except basally;
intervals flat to slightly convex, the punctures confusedly arranged,
rather close-set and coarse, being much larger than those of the
strise; concave side margins very distinct; male characters nearly
as in the preceding. Length (c? 9 ) 9-0-9.5 mm.; width 3.2-3.3
mm. A single pair, unlabeled in the Levette collection but probably
from Colorado, [thttdsonica Lee.] unicolor Kirby

Sides of the pronotum very broadly concave and gradually very strongly
reflexed, the punctures always notably coarse, moderately close-set
and more or less irrregular in distribution, the reflexed part of the
sides very thin, diaphanous and testaceous with the punctures very
coarse but sparser 1 1

II — Gutter forming the elytral margins strong and conspicuous; body
larger and broader, the coloration nearly uniform 12

Gutter unusually fine though evident; body smaller and narrower,
the elytra more or less variegated with paler tint 13

12 — Elytra shining in both sexes. Color blackish-piceous, the margins
pale, the under surface paler medially, the legs piceo-testaceous;
pubescence rather short, coarse, yellowish; head relatively rather
small but not much narrowed at the neck, the eyes prominent;
antennae testaceous, slender; punctures very coarse, close-set;
prothorax large and transverse, fully one-half wider than long,
rounded almost evenly at the sides, which rapidly converge, becoming
slightly sinuous posteriorly, the angles right, prominent and sharp;
base feebly arcuate, as wide as the apex, which is broadly, rather
deeply sinuate, with rounded angles; punctures coarse, deep and
rather close-set, the median stria very fine and inconspicuous;
elytra not quite a third longer than wide, only about two-fifths
wider than the prothorax, slightly inflated posteriorly, the striae
fine, shallow, having unevenly spaced punctures which are generally
notably wider than the striae, the flat intervals with irregularly
scattered and very fine punctures, much smaller than those of the
striae; male with a very faint and rather broad sinuation at the apex
of the rounded last ventral segment. Length (cf 9) 8.5-9.2 mm.;
width 3.5-3.8 mm. Lake Superior; also New York (LakeChamplain).

[reflexa Lee.] cribricollis Dej.

A — Similar in size and external form to laticollis but with the elytra
shining; general characters as in reflexa (cribricollis) but larger,
with broader elytra and less coarsely punctured head and pro-
thorax, the latter also more narrowed behind and with the pos-
terior angles less obtuse. Length 10.2 mm. Washington State.

abstrusa Lee.

Elytra strongly alutaceous at least in the female. Color blackish-
piceous, the under surface pale piceo-testaceous, more obscure at
the sides, the prosternum and propleura blackish; hairs rather short,
numerous and of an unusually dark fulvous tint; head nearly as in
the preceding but relatively larger, the punctures very coarse but
not so close-set; antennae dark testaceous, long, slender and filiform,
rather more than half as long as the body; prothorax relatively much

CICINDELID.E AND CARABID^E 183

smaller than in cribricollis, not quite one-half wider than long, in
outline nearly as in cribricollis but more narrowed at base, the latter
evidently narrower than the apex; punctures slightly less coarse
than in the preceding and evidently smaller than those of the head;
elytra fully a third longer than wide, evenly oblong-oboval, being
moderately and very gradually inflated posteriorly, fully two-thirds
wider than the prothorax; side margins finely testaceous as usual;
striae rather fine, very even, the punctures rather strong, unevenly
spaced but not or only slightly exceeding the striae in width, the
seventh stria obliterated but represented by a regular series of dis-
tinct punctures; intervals nearly flat, with the punctures irregularly
disposed, small, rather more distinct than in cribricollis though
much smaller than those of the striae, about as numerous as in that
species. Length (9 ) 10.5 mm.; width 3.75 mm. Colorado (Boulder
Co.) rupimontis n. sp.

13 — Form less broad than in cribricollis, the size smaller, feebly convex,
strongly shining throughout, blackish-piceous, the under surface
and legs nearly as in rupimontis, the elytra very gradually becoming
testaceous laterally and basally; hairs nearly as in cribricollis;
head comparatively small, nearly as in the latter species throughout,
except that the neck is somewhat narrower, the antennae similar;
prothorax nearly similar throughout; elytra fully a third longer than
wide and two-fifths wider than the prothorax, the stiiae and intervals
nearly similar; male with fully the posterior half of the last ventral
abruptly totally devoid of punctulation, in a way not evident in
the male of cribricollis. Length (cf) 8.4 mm.; width 3.2 mm.
British Columbia (Caribou District) marginata Kirby

Form moderately slender, somewhat more convex, piceous-black, the
elytra rufo-piceous, gradually testaceous toward the humeri; under
surface blackish, paler medially, the legs pale; pubescence scanty,
stiff, yellowish, moderately short; surface very shining throughout;
head rather small, with unusually narrowed neck and very prominent
eyes, the punctures very coarse, deep, close-set, broadly wanting
antero-medially; antennae slender, testaceous; prothorax throughout
nearly as in cribricollis, except that the apex is relatively narrower,
the base being decidedly broader than the distance between the
broadly rounded apical angles, the punctures also are rather less
close-set; elytra also very nearly as in cribricollis but narrower and
with the outer angle at apex much more broadly and less abruptly
rounded; striae and general punctuation even finer and more super-
ficial; male with the last ventral as in cribricollis. Length (cf)
9.5 mm.; width 3.3 mm. New Hampshire (White Mts.).

alticola n. sp.

14 — Larger species, not under 10 mm. in length, the elytral sculpture
very fine and feeble 15

Small species, much under 10 mm. in length, the elytral sculpture
strong 16

15 — Form stout, very moderately convex, shining throughout in both
sexes, piceous, the head and prothorax but slightly paler and more
rufous than the elytra, which are sometimes very faintly paler

184 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

basally; hairs very short, pale and easily denuded; head well de-
veloped, with rather large but not very prominent eyes, finely,
sparsely punctate, rugose antero-laterally; antennae fusco-testaceous,
only moderately long; prothorax one-half wider than long, the
sides almost evenly rounded from apex to base, the angles very
obtuse, rounded, with a very small faint sinus immediately before
them; base about as wide as the apex, very broadly lobed, the lobe
broad but distinct, the sides laterally feebly oblique and broadly
rounded; apex slightly sinuate, the angles broadly rounded; surface
with a rather deep subbasal impression at each end of the lobe, not
evident in any of the preceding forms and obsolete inwardly very
near the middle, very broadly concave and moderately reflexed and
diaphanous at the sides; punctures fine, very sparse, more distinct
and closer peripherally; elytra but feebly convex, two-fifths longer
than wide, slightly wider subposteriorly than at base, fully two-thirds
wider than the prothorax, obliquely sinuato-truncate at apex, the
strise very fine, barely at all impressed, very minutely and closely
punctulate, the intervals nearly flat, with rather sparse and very fine,
irregularly distributed punctures, which are even smaller than those
of the strise, the latter almost invisible under transverse illumination;
legs rather short, pale, the under surface testaceous, the abdomen
blackish peripherally. Length (9) 12.0 mm.; width 4.8 mm.
Colorado. New Mexico — LeConte planipennis Lee.

Form stout, moderately convex, shining, the elytra ( 9 ) slightly aluta-
ceous; color pale testaceous, the elytra piceous, shaded very feebly,
paler basally and near the sides; under surface and legs as in the
preceding; head moderate, very finely, feebly and remotely punctu-
late, feebly rugulose antero-laterally, the antennae filiform and
testaceous but rather stout and barely longer than the head and
prothorax in the female; prothorax about two-fifths wider than long,
the sides rounded anteriorly, oblique and converging posteriorly,
becoming nearly straight, the basal angles sharply marked and
slightly prominent; base as in the preceding but relatively a little
wider than the apex, which is more feebly sinuate, with the angles
better marked and less rounded; surface rather less broadly but
more deeply concave and strongly reflexed laterally, the basal im-
pressions similar but much feebler, the punctures altogether obsolete
discally, but becoming fine and rather close in the lateral and basal
impressions, the surface throughout with some very feeble trans-
verse rugosity; elytra more than two-fifths longer than wide, three-
fourths wider than the prothorax, feebly inflated subposteriorly,
the striae extremely fine, not at all impressed and composed of a
close succession of very fine shallow punctures, the flat intervals with
the punctures very sparse, irregular and so minute and feeble as
to be discoverable with difficulty, apparently tending to irregular
single series. Length (9) 10.3-10.8 mm.; width 4.0-4.1 mm.
Arizona (Douglas, Cochise Co.), — F. H. Snow. Three examples.

blanda n. sp.

16 — Body not very stout, moderately convex, shining, testaceous, the
elytra black, with feeble metallic lustre, abruptly rufous along the

CICINDELIM; AND CARABID^E 185

sides and in a well defined humeral spot; abdomen only very slightly
obscure peripherally; hairs short, stiff, yellowish; head rather small,
with somewhat more prominent eyes than in the preceding two forms
and differing very radically in being coarsely, deeply and rather
closely punctate, except antero-medially, the antero-lateral rugosity
extremely fine and feeble; antenna? longer and much more slender
than in blanda but nearly as in planipennis; prothorax two-fifths
wider than long, the sides rather unevenly rounded, converging
posteriorly, becoming feebly sinuate toward the basal angles, which
are very sharp and prominent; base subevenly and feebly arcuate,
much narrower than the apex, which is sinuate, the angles broadly
rounded; surface coarsely, very deeply, irregularly but on the whole
not very closely punctate throughout, only moderately concave and
reflexed at the sides and much more narrowly than in either of the
preceding, the basal impressions broad, feeble and diffuse as usual
in the cribricollis type; elytra only about a fourth longer than wide,
almost parallel, being but very slightly broader behind the middle
than at base, two-fifths, or slightly more, wider than the prothorax,
the striae very distinct, strongly, rather closely punctured and feebly
impressed; intervals feebly convex, finely but strongly, rather
sparsely and irregularly punctate, the punctures a little smaller
than those of the striae, the two punctures of the third interval
indistinct. Length (cf ) 8.0-8.3 mm.; width 2.8-2.9 mm. Kansas.
[cribricollis Lee. nee Dej., and planipennis Horn nee Lee.]. Three
examples brevipennis Zimm.

Body still smaller and rather narrower, strongly shining and testaceous
throughout, the elytra piceous-black, without metallic glint, very
gradually testaceous basally and evenly so throughout the width
in about basal third and also along the sides; hairs only moderately
short, stiff and yellowish; head nearly as in the preceding but larger
and except that the punctures, though rather coarse, are very much
smaller and sparser; antennae rather long and slender; prothorax
relatively smaller and less transverse, otherwise almost similar,
except that the punctures are less coarse and much sparser and the
sides more broadly concave and reflexed, relatively almost as widely
so as in planipennis; elytra about a fourth longer than wide, much
more inflated posteriorly and much wider posteriorly than at base,
almost four-fifths wider than the prothorax; striae rather finer and
shallower, the punctures relatively stronger, somewhat wider than
the striae and rather widely but irregularly separated, the intervals
flat, finely, sparsely and irregularly punctate, the punctures very
much smaller than those of the striae, much finer than in brevi-
pennis and, on some of the interval, tending to unilinear arrange-
ment; apices obliquely and feebly arcuate, becoming just visibly
and broadly sinuate externally but more evidently so than in plani-
pennis, where they are arcuate, becoming simply straighter externally.
Length (9) 7.8 mm.; width 2.7 mm. Wyoming (Green River).

bipartita n. sp.

17 — Elytra black or in part nubilously paler, the striae coarsely punc-
tate. .18

1 86 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Elytra black, with a well defined oblique humeral red spot; striae very
finely punctured 19

1 8 — Form moderately stout, convex, strongly shining in both sexes,
deep black, with fine diaphanously pale side margins, the elytra
with very feeble bluish metallic lustre; stiff hairs rather longer than
usual, especially long and bristling on the anterior parts; head con-
vex, very coarsely punctate, slightly narrower than the prothorax;
antennae slender, pale testaceous; prothorax very nearly as long
as wide, the sides broadly undulato-rotundate, moderately converging
posteriory, the angles sharply prominent and reflexed; base strongly,
unevenly arcuate, much narrower than the apex, which is sinuato-
truncate; surface coarsely, deeply and closely punctate, the side
margins very narrowly and inconspicuously reflexed; elytra two-
fifths longer than wide, three-fourths wider than the prothorax,
much wider posteriorly than at base, the apices obliquely truncate,
rounded a little internally; stiiae coarse but only feebly concave,
very coarsely, rather closely punctate, the punctures smaller and
more distant laterally and apically, the intervals nearly flat but
inclined inwardly, except apically, their outer limits more promi-
nent than the inner, finely, sparsely and irregularly punctate;
under surface black or paler, the sterna very coarsely, closely
punctate; male with the last ventral evenly rounded. Length
(cf 9 ) 9.5-11.0 mm.; width 3.3-3.7 mm. Rhode Island to Penn-
sylvania, also New York (Lake Champlain). [pubescens Dej.].

pilosa Say

Form less stout, the size smaller, similar in coloration and lustre, except
that the elytia have a nubilously testaceous spot at the humeri;
head similar and with very prominent eyes but with the punctures
much less coarse; prothorax similar in form but with the hind angles
very obtuse and blunt, though rendered prominent by a similar
adjacent sinuation, the punctures numerous but much less coarse,
in fact having but little more than half the diameter and relatively
less close-set, the erect hairs shorter and less conspicuous, like those
of the head; elytra nearly similar in form though rather less inflated
posteriorly and with the apices almost evenly arcuato-truncate,
with the outer angles more broadly rounded; sculpture almost
similar in every way; third interval with two setigerous punctures,
which are not observable or extremely indistinct in pilosa; under
surface and legs nearly similar, the sterna rather less coarsely or
closely punctate. Length (cf) 9.0 mm.; width 3.0 mm. New
York (Lake Champlain) borealis Lee.

Form still narrower and much smaller, strongly shining throughout,
piceous-black, the elytra obscure testaceous, feebly and very in-
definitely shaded with piceous posteriorly; hairs rather short, not
bristling; head rather small, with very prominent eyes, rather
strongly but sparsely punctate, the antennae slender, testaceous;
prothorax rather small though wider than the head, as long as wide,
the sides unevenly rounded, converging posteriorly, the angles
sharp, prominent and abruptly reflexed; base broadly, evenly
arcuate, much narrower than the apex; surface deeply but not very

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABHXE I 87

coarsely, sparsely punctate, the punctmes gradually a little stronger
and less sparse peripherally; side margins very finely beaded and
not at all diaphanous; median stria more impressed than in either
of the preceding; elytra a third longer than wide, one-half to three-
fifths wider than the prothorax, gradually broadening a little pos-
teriorly, the apices obliquely and evenly arcuato-truncate; striae
relatively very coarse, much more so than in either of the preceding,
feebly concave and very coarsely punctate in a manner similar to
pilosa, the intervals much narrower, being but little wider than the
grooves and similarly inclined in plane, each however with but a
single series of very fine and distant punctures; under surface and
legs colored as in pilosa, the sterna less coarsely punctate; last
ventral of the male smooth and polished, almost evenly and broadly
rounded, the surface impunctate, except a few fine punctures bas-
ally. Length (of 9 ) 7.5-7.8 mm.; width 2.5-2.7 mm. Pennsylvania
(Rockville and Buena Vista Spring) and New York (Lake Cham-
plain) neglecta Hald.

19 — Form rather stouter, larger in size, moderately convex, black, the
side margins finely reflexed and rufo-diaphanous, the under surface
obscure testaceous, blackish laterally; hairs short and stiff, more
abundant than usual; head strongly, closely punctate, largely
impunctate anteriorly, the eyes very prominent; prothorax evidently
wider than the head, about as long as wide, the sides uneven, gener-
ally subangulate before the middle, feebly converging posteriorly,
becoming sinuate at the obtusely prominent, blunt and reflexed
angles; base broadly, unevenly arcuate, as wide as the apex;
punctures coarse, deep and close-set but somewhat unevenly dis-
tributed; side margins finely reflexed, gradually more so basally;
elytra not quite one-half longer than wide, two-thirds wider than
the prothorax, slightly dilated posteriorly, the apices obliquely
arcuato-truncate, with the outer angle moderately broadly rounded;
striae somewhat fine but deep, impressed, finely, very closely punc-
tate, the intervals slightly convex, rather densely and uniformly
punctate throughout, the punctures about equal to those of the
striae. Male with the last ventral broadly but rather deeply bi-
impressed at apex, the impressions separated by a very obtuse
low ridge, ending posteriorly at the very distinct though small
apical sinus; surface between the impressions and the apical margin
very complexly virmiculato-rugose. Length (cf) 13.5 mm.;
width 4.3 mm. Pennsylvania (Rockville), — A. B. Champlain.

venator Dej.

Form more slender, the size smaller; coloration and pubescence similar;
head a little smaller and with the eyes very prominent, the antennae
relatively much longer, being three-fifths as long as the body; pro-
thorax narrower, fully as long as wide, the sides less angulate, ir-
regularly rounded, rather more converging basally, the prominent
basal angles rather more sharply defined and more reflexed; punc-
tures coarse and deep but still more uneven and generally less
close-set than in the preceding; elytra a little shorter, about two-
fifths longer than wide, similarly oblong-oboval and two-thirds

1 88 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

wider than the prothorax, but with the sides apically more gradually
rounding into the apices, the latter nearly similar but narrower;
stria? nearly similar, the intervals a little more convex, the punctures
not quite so large and distinctly less close-set. Male with the last
ventral evenly convex, with scarcely a trace of impressions but with
a very narrow and feeble raised median line apically, the margin
with a small and feeble median sinus, the surface without trace of
the peculiar vermiculate peripheral sculpture of venator. Length
10.8 mm.; width 3.8 mm. New Jersey ........ americana Dej.

The two species elegans and cribrata of LeConte, are omitted, as
I have no representative of them at present ; the first is a remarkably
distinct species by reason of the form and sculpture of the pro-
thorax, which is as long as wide, with finely reflexed margins,
apparently almost as in americana, combined with elytral punc-
tures in single series; it must, in fact, be a decidedly isolated form
and is not properly classified by Horn, who places it in the division
having the broadly reflexed thoracic margins of cribricollis . Crib-
rata is related to pilosa but has the prothorax very coarsely and sub-
confluently punctured at the sides. The identification of marginata
Kirby, given above, is a surmise and may not be correct; marginata
is considered to be a synonym of cribricollis by LeConte and Horn;
whether this be true or not, the species above described under the
name marginata, while closely related to cribricollis, is manifestly
not identical. LeConte states that the elytral striae in planipennis
are impunctate; the punctures are very small and close-set and
could be overlooked very easily; they contrast remarkably in size
with the strong strial punctures of brevipennis, which nevertheless
was placed in synonymy by Horn, as previously remarked. In
regard to americana and venator of Dejean, it can only be said that
I have at hand two distinct species of the americana type, but as
Dejean does not describe the male sexual characters in either of his
species, it is uncertain whether or not they represent them correctly.
The author in describing the interstitial sculpture of americana,
states that it is " confertissime punctatissimis " and, if this means
anything, probably is intended to convey the idea that the punc-
tures are very strong and dense; this would suit the species called
venator above very well, but not so assuredly the smaller and more
slender form, which I have identified as americana, where the punc-
tures are evidently less dense than in venator. The original type of
americana seems to have been immature, being described as brown.

ClCINDELID^E AND CARABID.-E 189

It may be that I do not have the true americana at all, as it is by
intimation said to be punctured as in venator, for it may be a
Georgian species sent by the elder LeConte. In this case americana
Csy., would still be undescribed. Individuals of the americana
type seem to be rare, though there are certainly a number of species.
I have two females, not mentioned above in the descriptions and
not mutually the same specifically; they are labeled "Colorado"
but possibly in error; one of them seems to match the assumed type
of venator rather well and the other is like americana Csy., in some
respects but distinctly differs in others.

Helluomorpha Lap.

The uniformly testaceous species of this genus with unelongated
prothorax, are very similar in general appearance among themselves
but are nevertheless distinguished by some good minor characters.
Texana Lee., is rather abundant in Clark Co., Kansas, and also in
Texas; it varies a good deal in size; ferruginea Lee., seems to be less
frequently taken and I have but two examples — from Texas and
Jemez Springs, New Mexico. The three following allied species
have not yet been described :

Helluomorpha latitarsis n. sp. — Moderately depressed, rather shining,
testaceous throughout, the pubescence moderate and pallid, the hairs
from the series bordering the convex intervals oblique in contrary senses;
head scarcely four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, sparsely, irregularly
and not very strongly punctate, the eyes very prominent; antennae
rather short, broadly compressed, the joints beyond the fourth about
as long as wide, impressed and glabrous medially toward base; prothorax
slightly wider than long, the sides evenly and strongly rounded, converging
from about the middle, becoming parallel and nearly straight basally,
the angles rather acute and sharp, rendered slightly prominent by a
minute sinus just before them; base slightly wider than the apex, broadly
sinuate, becoming abruptly anteriorly oblique at the sides; apex feebly
sinuate medially, without lateral angles; surface linearly impressed along
the middle, rather coarsely but sparsely punctured throughout, finely
reflexed at the sides from apex to base and with a large deep latero-basal
impression; elytra two-thirds longer than wide, three-fourths wider than
the prothorax, slightly inflated posteriorly, the apices broadly and evenly
arcuate; surface with moderate glabrous costa?, separated by wider con-
cave lines, which are rather closely, not very coarsely and confusedly
punctate throughout; legs stout, the hind tarsi broad and flattened, the
third joint barely at all longer than wide and parallel-sided. Length
(cf) 15.0 mm.; width 4.8 mm. Arizona (locality not indicated).

190 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Differs from texana in the finer, more confused elytral punctures,
longer antennal joints and broader, more parallel tarsi, and, from
fermginea, in its broader antennae, with quadrate and not oblong
joints, smaller elytral punctures and in the tarsal characters.

Helluomorpha papago n. sp. — Much smaller than the preceding and
more slender but otherwise nearly similar, shining and testaceous,
the elytral hairs stiff, longer and less numerous but similar in arrange-
ment; head as wide as the prothorax, with prominent eyes and convex,
sparsely and feebly but not finely punctate surface; antennae less broad,
the joints fully as long as wide or somewhat longer, sculptured as in
texana and latitarsis; prothorax as in the preceding but smaller and with
the punctures much finer and still sparser, closer laterally and a little
coarser basally, the basal angles similar though less acute and more
retracted; elytra three-fourths longer than wide, one-half wider than
the prothorax, similar in general form, the costae broader and much
feebler, separated by feeble channels, which are not at all wider than the
costae and having each two rather close-set series of very moderate, widely
and irregularly separated punctures; tarsi much more slender, more
convex and with the joints not parallel; abdomen finely, sparsely punc-
tate. Length (cf) 12.3 mm.; width 3.8 mm. Arizona (probably
southern).

Distinct from all the other species in elytral sculpture and in the
sparse and very irregular punctuation; the head is relatively larger
and more convex than in latitarsis.

Helluomorpha languida n. sp. — Rather small in size and not much
dilated, shining and testaceous; head very nearly as wide as the prothorax,
irregularly and rather coarsely but feebly and sparsely punctate, the
eyes moderate in size but very prominent; antennae more slender than
usual, extending to basal fifth of the elytra, the joints nearly asferruginea
but not quite so distinctly elongated; prothorax not quite as long as wide,
less rounded at the sides than usual, feebly narrowed posteriorly where
the sides become gradually rather deeply and broadly sinuate, the hind
angles somewhat prominent though obtuse, sharply defined and more
reflexed, the usual minute sinus before them obsolescent; base transverse,
sharply oblique at the sides, much wider than the sinuate apex; surface
coarsely, deeply and sparsely punctate, the median line broadly impressed
and the basal impressions large and deep, shorter and less linear than in
fermginea; disk, at each side of the median impression, broadly almost
impunctate; elytra short, only slightly broadened from base to near
the apex, the apices broadly rounded as usual, three-fifths to two-thirds
longer than wide, four-fifths wider than the prothorax, the smooth costae
broadly and feebly elevated and somewhat indefinite, the concave lines
broader than the costae, with two irregular series of moderate punctures,
the latter becoming much confused laterally and apically; tarsi unusually
slender. Length (c? 9 ) 12.0-13.0 mm.; width 3.9-4.1 mm. Texas
(Brownsville), — F. H. Snow. Four examples.

ClCINDELID/E AND CARABID^

Much smaller than femiginea, with which this is probably most
closely allied and with feebler, less definite elytral costse, relatively
smaller prothorax and somewhat shorter elytra; the antennse are
of nearly the same type; the depressed lines of the elytra are more
sparsely, less strongly and more bilinearly punctate, the punctures
being less broadly confused throughout than in ferrnginea. The
head is much more distinctly narrower than the prothorax in
ferruginea than it is in languida.

Lebia Latr.

The species furcata of LeConte, belonging to the group Aphelo-
genia Chd., is composite in most collections, comprising a number of
distinct forms having mutually a very close superficial resemblance.
The body is pale yellow throughout above and beneath, the elytra
with three black vittse, not attaining the apex, the one op the suture
bifurcating basally. G. H. Horn discovered one of these allied
species, having entirely black legs, and named it depicta. Those in
my collection may be known as follows :

Head much narrower than the prothorax in both sexes 2

Head subequal in width to the prothorax, relatively much larger than
in the preceding group 5

2 — Legs black throughout, the femora sometimes pale at the extreme base,
the tibiae always black; antennae and palpi black, the former with the
basal joint pale; elytral striae wholly impunctate. Length 6.0-6.3
mm.; width 2.75 mm. New Mexico (Las Vegas) and Colorado
(Boulder Co.). Montana — Horn depicta Horn

Legs not entirely black, the femora pale basally, the tibiae pale externally
except in debiliceps, the tarsi always black 3

3 — Sutural black vitta, at the middle of the length, much narrower than
the adjoining pale vitta. Body larger, distinctly broader in outline;
head, prothorax and antennae nearly as in furcata; elytra decidedly
broader, more oblong, less inflated posteriorly, the sutural vitta
bifurcating from just before the middle, the striae impunctate; legs
as in furcata, only moderately slender. Length 7.3 mm.; width 3.2-
3.3 mm. California (Mendocino Co.) sonomae n. sp.

Sutural black vitta never decidedly narrower than the pale vitta 4

4 — The sutural vitta at the middle about equal in width to the adjoining
pale vitta. Head well developed, with very prominent eyes; pro-
thorax fully twice as wide as long; elytra about a third longer than
wide, the striae not distinctly punctate externally, the sutural black
vitta bifurcating from just before the middle. Length 6.8-7.2 mm.;
width 2.9 mm. Wisconsin (Bayfield) to Louisiana (Alexandria).
Lake Superior and Platte River — LeConte furcata Lee.

The sutural vitta very much broader, the portion on each elytron equal

1 92 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

in width to the adjacent pale vitta. Head and prothorax both rela-
tively smaller and more shining; neck narrower, the prothorax
distinctly less than twice as wide as long; elytra shorter, barely a
fourth longer than wide, the external stride stronger and more evi-
dently punctate, the broad sutural vitta bifurcating only in basal
third; legs more slender, deep black throughout, the femora very
pale, black at tip. Length 5.8-6.0 mm.; width 2.65 mm. Indiana.

debiliceps n. sp.

5 — Body smaller and rather narrower than in any of the preceding species
but otherwise similar, the legs and antennae colored as in furcata;
head nearly smooth, just visibly narrower than the prothorax, the
eyes large and prominent; prothorax not quite twice as wide as
long, the sides abruptly reflexed; elytra smooth, with feeble impunc-
tate striae, the sides more rounding or more gradually converging
behind, not a third longer than wide, the sutural vitta as wide as the
adjacent pale vitta, bifurcating in basal third, the basal part of the
two arms more rapidly inflated than in any other of the group.
Length 5.6 mm.; width 2.25 mm. Texas (Brownsville), — Wickham.

amnicola n. sp.

I think there can be but little doubt of the specific value of any
of these forms; the constancy of elytral ornamentation is parallel
to that prevailing in a large group of the genus Disonycha.

II— FURTHER STUDIES AMONG THE AMERICAN

LONGICORNIA.

This paper is merely a continuation of that which appeared in the
preceding number of this series of memoirs and comprises the por-
tions of the family Cerambycidse not there included, so far as the
more or less limited material forming part of the author's collection
will permit. The revelation of lack of careful observation on the
part of many authors who have written upon the Cerambycidae,
especially in regard to the structural characters pertaining to sex,
is even more patent throughout almost all the groups here studied
than might be inferred from the results arrived at in the first paper.
These conclusions, being so out of joint with current conceptions,
will give rise inevitably to much divergence of view wherever
interest of any kind is awakened, and this, in the present stage of
opinion, will generally take the form of opposition; but the only
request on the part of the writer, and one that he greatly desires
fulfilled, is that those who are disposed to criticize adversely shall
first make themselves thoroughly familiar with the subject by careful
and discriminating investigation. He has no excuse to make for
the large number of taxonomic units and subunits proposed, the
absolute value of which he is unable to fix in many cases, otherwise
than that they seem actually to exist in nature and should therefore
be recorded. However, to pretend that errors and probably many
of them are not mingled with statements of the truth, would be
equivalent to advocating a superhuman quality for the work.

Family CERAMBYCID^.
Subfamily CERAMBYCIN^;.

Tribe LEPTURINI.

No very satisfactory way to classify the genera of this tribe has
been discovered, the tarsal characters used by LeConte and Horn
not being sufficiently radical and subject to exceptions. The genera

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

193

194 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

themselves are, however, well characterized as a rule. The tribe is
subarctic in habitat, very few, comparatively, entering the tropics
and includes in North America a larger number of species perhaps
than any other equivalent subdivision of the family.

Rhagium Fabr.
Subgen. Hargium Sam.

In general habitus this genus harmonizes so little with any other
that it would seem out of place anywhere, but the sharply spinose
sides of the prothorax suggests a relationship with the Pachyta
series in this part of the Lepturini. In the short thick antennae of
peculiar structure, prominent prosternal process and strongly
costulate elytra, it is wholly isolated in the tribe and is perhaps a
surviving remnant of an ancient and extinct line. Our species all
belong to the group Hargium of Samouelle, which may have generic
rather than subgeneric value, and are more or less close allies of
the European inquisitor Linn, (indagator Fabr.). An inspection of
the male sexual characters betrays very marked variety, and the
material lumped together in almost every cabinet resolves itself
into a number of rather well characterized species as follows :

Glabrous part of the tempora, adjoining the eyes, shorter, always dis-
tinctly less than half as long as the latter; longitudinal thoracic
elevations always wanting; body shorter in form, the elytra always
less than twice as long as wide; species characterizing the more
boreal faunal regions 2

Glabrous part of the tempora more developed, about half as long as the
eyes; body more elongate in form; species more austral in^distribu-
tion 7

2 — Impunctate median vitta of the prothorax narrow, ill-defined and
frequently interrupted; cinereous vestiture dense, imparting a
grayer appearance than observable in the following species ; punctures
of the head and pronotum dense, very deep and distinct; paler
mottling of the elytra small and feeble, the two transverse bands
barely traceable; abdomen black throughout; antennae extending
scarcely to the base of the prothorax ; tufted cinereous vestiture of the
under surface dense and very conspicuous; legs testaceous, with the
usual sparse flying hairs, the femora and tibiae blackish distally, the
tarsi black; abdominal carina strong, extending well onto the last
segment. Female with the fifth ventral as long as the fourth, trape-
zoidal, with rounded angles, the truncate and very pubescent apex
less than half as wide as the base; last dorsal segment arcuately and
moderately narrowing, the apex broadly sinuate, with rounded

CERAMBYCID^E 195

angles. Male not at hand. Length 12.7-14.5 mm.; width 3.8-4.8
mm. California (Sacramento Co.) californicum n. sp.

Impunctate thoracic vitta more or less broad, entire, very sharply defined
and distinct; pubescence rather less dense, the two darker transverse
elytral bands generally distinct, feebler and indistinct in boreale;
abdomen mottled red and black as a rule, sometimes becoming
wholly black 3

3 — Femora very stout, half as broad as the thoracic width; body stout;
head well developed, the punctures perforate, moderate in size and
well separated; eyes separated by two and one-half times their own
width; antennae extending fully to the base of the prothorax, of the
usual structure; prothorax fully as wide as long, the punctures like
those of the head but smaller, fully as sparse, not concealed by the
vestitute; elytra subparallel, almost twice as long as wide, very
much wider than the prothorax as usual, the ridges rather feebler
than in any other species, black, the testaceous spots small; abdomen
sparsely and not strongly punctured, sparsely pubescent in the
usual clusters, testaceous, the median line and apical margin of all
the segments black; segments three to five diminishing rapidly in
length, the truncate apex of the fifth scarcely more than half as wide
as the base. Length (cf ) 16.0 mm.; width 5.2 mm. Massachusetts
(Medford) crassipes n. sp.

Femora of the usual thickness, much less than half as thick as the thoracic
width 4

4 — Antennae unusually small, the head much less developed than usual;
body small in size, colored and pubescent as usual; head relatively
coarsely and irregularly punctate, with an admixture of smaller
punctures, the antennae not as long as the head and prothorax, the
latter formed as usual, the sculpture coarser and more irregular than
in the preceding, though nowhere very close; elytra nearly as in
the preceding but with stronger ridges and coarser sculpture; ab-
domen finely and remotely punctate, black, each segment testaceous
except at the middle, base and apex, the fifth trapezoidal and a
little longer than the fourth. Length (9 ) 11.5 mm.; width 3.5 mm.

Massachusetts (Maiden) parvicorne n. sp.

Antennae and head of the usual development 5

5 — Apex of the fifth male ventral rectilinearly truncate and unusually
broad, much more than half as wide as the base. Body in form and
coloration nearly as in the preceding, the cephalic punctures rather
coarse, perforate as usual and well separated; eyes separated by
nearly three times their own width in the male; prothorax as usual,
except that the apical is relatively less than the basal width, the
sculpture close and subrugose, the median smooth stripe narrower
than in any other except californicum though even; elytra confusedly
mottled, the black rather predominating, the ridges strong and the
sculpture very coarse, dense and deep; abdomen deep black through-
out in the type, the last three segments diminishing gradually though
very slowly in length. Length (cf) 12.5 mm.; width 4.3 mm. Wis-
consin (Bayfield), — Wickham boreale n. sp.

196 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Apex of the fifth ventral in the male narrower and distinctly sinuate,
not at all exceeding half the basal width 6

6 — Larger species, stout in form, black, the elytra irregularly and finely
mottled with testaceous as usual ; head strongly and unusually closely
punctate, the eyes not differing much sexually, separated by a little
less than three times their width in the male; prothorax fully as
wide as long, the apical and basal transverse depressions conspicu-
ous, the punctures strong and well separated, smaller and much
sparser than on the head; elytra with pronounced ridges and coarse
and perforate, evidently separated punctures; abdomen often wholly
black, sometimes with the segments partially rufescent; legs rufous
and black, with clustered pubescence as usual; tarsi wholly deep
black. Length (cf 9 ) 13.5-16.0 mm.; width 4.7-5.7 mm. North-
eastern States lineatum Oliv.

Smaller species and relatively more slender, otherwise nearly similar,
except that the punctures of the head are very much more widely
separated and scarcely larger or more close-set than those of the
prothorax; eyes much more developed, separated by but little more
than twice their width in the male, differing more sexually, being
separated by nearly three times their width in the female; thoracic
punctures uneven and generally widely separated; elytra as in the
preceding but with more confluent sculpture; abdomen in great part
red, the last three segments of the male diminishing rapidly in length;
fifth segment of the female differing scarcely from that of the male,
being relatively shorter than usual; median low carina of the genus
very evident throughout the length. Length (cf 9 ) 10.8-12.2 mm.;
width 3.4-3.9 mm. Massachusetts and Pennsylvania.

cariniventre n. sp.

7 — Pronotum at each side of the median line even and without trace
of longitudinal elevations. Body large and stout, of the usual sculp-
ture, coloration and general habitus; head more evidently sulcate
along the middle than in lineatum, the sulcus filled with dense pros-
trate white hairs, the punctures coarse and close-set; eyes well
developed, unusually convex; antennae as usual; prothorax relatively
larger than in any other form except crassipes, otherwise as in
lineatum, except that the sculpture is coarser and much denser;
elytra nearly twice as long as wide, subcuneiform, with more prom-
inent humeri than in lineatum, the ridges strong, the punctures
coarse and densely crowded, very much denser than in lineatum;
abdomen deep black throughout, shining, very finely and sparsely
punctate, the pubescence less clustered than usual, the carina fine;
fifth segment parabolic, longer than the preceding in the female;
legs slender, black, the femora red only toward base. Length ( 9 )
17.5 mm.; width 6.3 mm. New Mexico thoracicum n. sp.

Pronotum with a strong glabrous longitudinal elevation between the
median smooth line and each side; elytral ridges strong 8

8 — Form and coloration throughout nearly as in the preceding but more
slender; head coarsely and still more densely sculptured, without
so evident a sulcus and with notably less developed eyes; prothorax
similar in form but smaller, coarsely, closely and irregularly punctate

CERAMBYCIM; 197

and less pubescent, the punctures separated on the glabrous ele-
vations; elytra similar, except that the sculpture is still coarser,
subconfluent; abdomen black throughout and polished, finely,
sparsely punctate, the last segment (9 ) not parabolic but with the
median part of the apex truncate and limited by distinct though
obtuse angles, barely as long as the preceding segment; femora and
tibiae partially red. Length (cf 9 ) 11.5-17.0 mm.; width 3.8-5.5
mm. Colorado (Fraser — 8000 feet — and in Boulder Co.) and New

Mexico (Las Vegas) montanum n. sp.

Form stouter, the coloration more rufous; head with less coarse and dense
punctures, the glabrous part of the tempora rather shorter, not quite
half as long as the eyes, which are more developed than in any other
species, separated by less than twice their own width (of1) or but
slightly less (9); antenna? well developed, of the usual structure;
prothorax as in montanum but with less coarse or dense punctures;
elytra broad, feebly cuneiform, red, with irregular blackish macu-
lation, the punctures unusually deep, coarse and contiguous though
relatively not so coarse as in montanum, the humeri less prominent;
abdomen red, with black segmental margins and median line, the
punctures not so fine or sparse and more rugulose than in montanum,
the fifth segment ( 9 ) more narrowly and arcuately truncate medially.
Length (cf 9 ) 14.5-19.0 mm.; width 5.0-6.3 mm. Mexico (Guer-
rero) *mexicanum n. sp.

There are certain very marked sexual differences in the conforma-
tion, sculpture and vestiture of the last dorsal abdominal plate of
the female, and in this feature the distinction between mexicanum
and thoracicum, for example, is well marked, the plate being large,
concave, medially channeled and feebly pubescent in thoracicum
and smaller, more convex, not channeled, densely pubescent and
apically bilobed in mexicanum. These characters, in conjunction
with those mentioned above, seem to show that there are a number
of true species in this genus, in spite of the universally rather
similar habitus — scarcely more marked, however, than in Omophron
or Heterocerus.

Pyrotrichus Lee.

This genus was referred by LeConte to the tribe Encyclopini,
differing from Lepturini in a rather indefinite character relating to
the slope of the frontal part of the head, wrhich in my opinion is
not sufficient for tribal distinction. Of the type named vitticollis
by LeConte, I have a very good pair taken in Alameda Co. The
following, from southern California, differs in several important
features :

198 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Pyrotrichus cribripennis n. sp. — Elongate, moderately convex, dull in
lustre, black, with pubescence throughout as in vitticollis; head quadrate,
the eyes finely faceted, the emargination extending more than half way
through them, the antennse ( 9 ) extending barely beyond the middle of
the body, the tempora straight and parallel, nearly as prominent as the
eyes, the basal angles right and sharply marked; prothorax much wider
than long, the lateral prominences slightly behind the middle and obtusely
angulate, more rounded anteriorly than posteriorly; apex much narrower
than the base, the latter broadly, feebly bisinuate; surface convex, rather
uneven, closely punctate, a large rounded elevation at each side of the
striiform median line shallowly concave, the inner part of its anterior
slope impunctate; scutellum very densely fulvo-pubescent; elytra nearly
a third wider than the prothorax, two and three-fourths times as long as
wide, rectilinearly parallel, gently narrowing arcuately in about apical
fourth to the transverse apices, the outer angles broadly rounded, the
sutural rather acute but not prolonged; surface even, with coarse per-
forate punctures, separated by rather less than half their diameters,
each with a very short silvery hair decumbent within it near the bottom;
under surface finely, densely punctate and with moderately close cine-
reous decumbent hairs, becoming coarser and very dense on the sterna
and throughout the meso- and metasternal parapleura; legs slender, the
basal joint of the hind tarsi two-thirds as long as the remainder, the second
obtriangular, slightly elongate, their under surface with short and not
very dense pubescence. Length 15.0 mm.; width 4.2 mm. California
(Los Angeles Co.).

The single female in my collection differs from the female of
vitticollis in its much larger size, in having the fifth antennal joint
evidently shorter than the two preceding combined and not equal
thereto, in having less prominent eyes or much less retracted tem-
pora, with the basal angles more nearly right, in the wholly deep
black abdomen, this being strongly rufescent in both sexes of
vitticollis and in the longer and thicker tarsi.

Thesalia Csy.

The type of this genus was announced by the writer under the
name Acm&ops lisa Leng, the single example at hand seeming to
belong to that species, but more careful perusal of the description
oilisa, shows beyond doubt that the type is not lisa and the present
opportunity is therefore taken to make it known under a different
name as follows:

Thesalia rubriceps n. sp. — Slender, moderately convex, shining, black,
the entire head and basal joint of the antennae pale testaceous, the legs
piceous-black, the anterior testaceous excepting the black tarsi; body
barely at all pubescent; head moderate, wider than long, with very prom-

CERAMBYCID^E 199

inent and finely faceted, deeply emarginate eyes, the much retracted
tempora arcuately and feebly converging behind them to the obtuse
angles at the deep and strong constriction extending equally across the
base, the surface equally and rather strongly but not densely punctured
throughout; antennae slender, filiform, deep black excepting the moder-
ately stout basal joint, extending to apical fourth of the elytra, the third
joint but little longer than the fourth, the fifth as long as the two pre-
ceding combined; prothorax fully a third longer than wide, strongly
constricted at apex, very feebly at base, strongly and obtusely tuber-
culate at the sides just before the middle; base just visibly arcuate and
much wider than the apex, the surface evenly convex, with moderate and
shallow, well separated punctures, each bearing a very small fulvescent
hair; scutellum small, nude, rather longer than wide, obtuse; elytra recti-
linearly subparallel, four-fifths wider than the prothorax, two and three-
fourths times as long as wide, very feebly narrowing and slightly arcuate
at the sides in about apical fifth to the broadly rounded apices, the sutural
angles right and blunt; surface even, polished, very coarsely, deeply punc-
tate, a little less coarsely apically, the punctures everywhere well separated
by fully their own diameters, each bearing a short, stiff suberect and f usco-
cinereous hair; under surface sparsely cinereo-pubescent, the abdomen
polished, finely punctate, closely so basally, very sparsely apically, the
last ventral in the type evenly rounded, as long as the preceding; legs
rather short, not very slender, the tarsi nearly as in Pyrotrichus. Length
7.3 mm.; width 1.8 mm. California (Marin Co.).

The type seems to be a male and differs from Acmceops lisa in
having only the first antennal joint pale, the pronotum sparsely
punctate throughout above, not densely punctured with a small
smooth space near the base as in lisa, and in the widely separated
elytral punctures, these being almost confluent basally in lisa, also
in the black and sparsely, feebly setulose elytra, these being rufo-
testaceous and clothed with fine golden pubescence in lisa. It is
somewhat evident, however, that lisa also may be a Thesalia and I
am unable to account for its assignment to Acmceops, in view of its
deeply emarginate eyes, disagreeing thus with the most important
distinguishing character of the genus Acmtzops.

The genus Thesalia, of which the type is the above described
rubriceps, evidently comes between Pyrotrichus and Encydops,
having the general form and sculpture of the elytra and legs of the
former and the more salient characters of the head, antennae and
prothorax of the latter. Leptalia, on the other hand, is so close to
Toxotus in general facies and structure, that the two could very well
be united, were it not for the normal tibial structure of Leptalia,
the singular tibial apex of Toxotus being wholly unsuggested, but

2OO MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

the basally constricted head in Leptalia occurs also in Toxotus
cylindricollis and lateralis.

Hapalosalia n. gen.

The type of this genus is Leptura vibex Newm. This species, with
a number of others more or less closely allied, such as sph&ricollis
and ruficollis Say, scripta Lee., and aurata Horn, have hitherto been
placed in Leptura, with which they have no great affinity, either in
structure or general habitus. The metasternal episterna are very
much narrower than in any Lepturid type and the form of the
prothorax, nature of the ornamentation and structure of the head,
eyes and antennae, show unmistakably that they are allied to Lep-
talia and Centrodera rather than to Leptura. Some individuals
have the prothorax red and others black, but I am unable to say
whether this is fortuitous chromatic dimorphism, as there seem to be
no intermediates, whether it may be sexual in some cases, or whether
it denotes specific standing. In a series of eight examples of scripta
before me, the prothorax is normally black in seven and in the
eighth, which happens to be the only female in the series, it is red
but black anteriorly, at the sides beneath and with a large rounded
central black spot. In three examples, male and female, of sphceri-
collis, the color is uniformly black throughout the body and elytra,
and in a single female of ruficollis, where the entire prothorax is red,
the form of the body and prothorax is so much stouter than in the
females of sphcericollis, that I am disposed to give it a subspecific
status, at least under the only available source of inference. The
species are rather numerous and may be known by the following
characters :

Elytra with irregular ornamentation, somewhat as in Centrodera picta;
body black or piceous-black, the legs pale, the hind femora black
apically, the antennae and elytra pale luteous, the latter with some
short disconnected black dashes externally and one from the middle
of the base, all sometimes wanting; prothorax elongate almost as
in Thesalia or certain Centrodera but only very finely, sparsely
punctate. Length (cf 9 ) 6.2-7.5 mm.; width 1.4-2.1 mm. Oregon

and Washington State scripta Lee.

Elytra black, with median vitta and lateral margin pale 2

Elytra wholly black 6

2 — Elytra with the median vitta greatly expanded, so that the color is
luteous with rather narrow sutural and lateral black vittas; prothorax

CERAMBYCHXE 201

narrower than the head, of the usual strongly biconstricted, laterally
prominently rounded form, finely, rather closely punctate; elytra
more coarsely and closely punctate than in scripta, less coarsely,
though distinctly, apically than basally. Length (cf) 7.6 mm.;

width 2.1 mm. West Virginia aurata Horn

Elytra with the median vitta narrow, the ground color black 3

3 — Head scarcely at all impressed transversely. Body black, shining;
legs pale, the tip of the hind femora black; antennae ( 9 ) very slender,
piceous, testaceous basally, three-fourths as long as the body, the
third joint not longer than the first; head not quite as wide as the
prothorax, the tempora less prominent than the eyes as usual but
nearly parallel, rounded basally, finely, sparsely punctate through-
out; prothorax shorter than usual, not as long as wide, the lateral
prominences subangulate; punctures fine and sparse but distinct;
basal constriction prolonged anteriorly along the median line for a
short distance; elytra shorter than usual, but little more than twice
as long as wide, parallel, very obtuse at apex, the apices rounded,
black, each with a discal yellow vitta and pale margin from the base
to apical fourth, the punctures deep and coarse but well separated,
smaller apically; abdomen pale, clouded with piceous, finely, rather
closely punctulate. Length (9) 6.8 mm.; width 1.8 mm. Wis-
consin (Bayfield), — W'ickham lineicornis n. sp.

Head more or less deeply impressed transversely between the eyes.. .4
4 — Tempora nearly parallel behind the eyes, rounding at base. Body
black, the surface polished; legs and antennae as in the preceding,
except that the latter ( 9 ) are longer, being as long as the body and
with the third joint one-half longer than the first; head almost
impunctate; prothorax scarcely as wide as the head, longer than
wide, very convex, the sides strongly, evenly inflated medially, not
at all anguliform; basal constriction feeble discally, not at all pro-
longed medially; punctures extremely minute and sparse; elytra
more elongate, nearly two and one-half times as long as wide, parallel,
rounded at the tips, black, each with a yellow vitta which is broad at
base, gradually narrowing and disappearing before the middle, the
pale lateral edge disappearing posteriorly; punctures moderate,
deep and perforate, separated basally by nearly twice their diameters;
abdomen pale, the basal segments black at the sides basally.
Length (9) 8.0 mm.; width 2.3 mm. Wisconsin (Bayfield), -

Wickham laeviceps n. sp.

Tempora converging behind the eyes; elytral vitta much longer. Body
and abdomen black throughout, the legs as in the preceding; an-
tennae (9 ) piceous-black, very slender, nearly as long as the body;
prothorax elongate, a little narrower than the head, the sides
prominent before the middle; punctures fine and sparse but distinct;
elytra fully two and one-half times as long as wide, parallel, more
coarsely and closely punctate than in the preceding, the punctures
basally separated by their own widths, the discal yellow stripe almost
attaining the apex, near which it is frequently dilated almost to the
suture. Length (9) 8.4 mm.; width 2.3 mm. Pennsylvania.
[nitidicollis Horn] vibex Newm.

2O2 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

A — Body and abdomen black, the legs as in the preceding, the prothorax
wholly bright rufous; antennae piceo-testaceous, longer than the
body in the male; head nearly similar; prothorax relatively much
narrower, more decidedly elongate, the sides more rounded and
less prominent, the punctures minute and sparse; elytra gradually
cuneiform, long, obtuse at apex, punctured as in vibex and with a
nearly similar vitta, except that it is attenuated, gradually disap-
pearing near the apex. Length (cf ) 6.5-7.2 mm.; width 1.6-1.8

mm. Indiana fragilis n. subsp.

6 — Black throughout the body, abdomen and elytra, the antennae very
slender, blackish, testaceous basally; tempora but feebly narrowed
behind the eyes; prothorax of the usual form, minutely, sparsely
punctate, about as wide as the head in both sexes, rounded at the
sides; elytra rather broad, parallel ( 9 ) or narrower though only
feebly cuneiform (d71), deeply, rather coarsely but not densely
punctate. Length (cf 9 ) 6.5-8.2 mm.; width 1.8-2.3 mm. Canada

and Wisconsin, [allecta Newm.] sphaericollis Say

A — Similar in almost every feature, except that the body is slightly
broader in form, the prothorax entirely bright red and differing
more especially by the form of the latter, which is narrowed more
strongly at apex, with the convex intermediate portion more trans-
verse. Length (9 ) 8.8 mm.; width 2.6 mm. Canada, [pauper-
cida Newm.] ruficollis Say

The difference in antennal structure and form of the prothorax
between the females of lineicornis and Iceviceps is very remarkable.
Just what the true relationship between fragilis and vibex on the one
hand, and ruficollis and sphcericollis on the other, may be, I have not
material enough at present to determine. There is a remarkable
constancy throughout the genus in the peculiar coloration of the
legs, pale with the hind femora alone black at apex, although in
both ruficollis and sphcericollis, the other legs become also partially
dusky, and in aurata they are entirely pale.

Centrodera Lee.

The type of the following species has been in my cabinet as the
male of nevadica Lee., with a query, for many years ; but, as it appears
to be different, it should take a more specific name as follows:

Centrodera oculata n. sp. — Elongate, moderately convex and shining,
clear red-brown throughout, the legs and antennae concolorous, except
that all the joints of the latter after the fourth are deep black apically,
the last joint with an ante-apical black band; pubescence rather long,
ashy, sparse and decumbent; head a little wider than the prothorax,
the eyes very large and convex, coarsely faceted and separated by barely
half of their own width; antennae long and slender, about as long as the

CERAMBYCID/E 203

body, the third joint barely longer than the first, much longer than the
fourth and much shorter than the fifth as well as all the following; pro-
thorax distinctly elongate, strongly constricted near the apex, less strongly
near the base and angularly prominent at the middle of the sides, the base
much wider than the apex, bisinuate; surface strongly convex, deeply
impressed along the middle between the constrictions, finely and closely
punctate; scutellum densely pubescent, fully as long as wide, acutely
ogival; elytra at base nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, about four
times as long, feebly tapering, broadly rounding at apex to the rounded
sutural angles, the surface perfectly even, coarsely, closely punctured
basally, much more finely and feebly posteriorly; legs moderate, slender,
the basal joint of the hind tarsi nearly as long as the remainder. Length
(cf) i?-5 mm.; width 4.0 mm. California (Mt. Diablo).

Differs from nevadica in its relatively wider and more strongly
punctate elytra, in having the lateral prominences of the prothorax
apparently more angulate, the apex much narrower than the base
and in the very large eyes. The last two features are of course to a
considerable degree subject to sexual modification, but it is probable
that the eyes are also notably large in the female ; the original descrip-
tion does not state whether the antennal joints in the female type
of nevadica are black at apex, but this feature in the male of oculata
may also be sexual in nature. The prothorax being much wider
at base than at apex, together with the rather different zoological
habitat, would seem to indicate, at any rate, that oculata is not
exactly the same as nevadica.

Centrodera tenera n. sp. — Small and very slender, parallel, uniform
dark red-brown in color, the antennae obscure testaceous, having the
apical two-thirds of joints five to eleven black; pubescence gray, de-
cumbent, uniform, rather short and only moderately dense throughout;
head very finely, closely punctulate, the median stria distinct; eyes large,
very coarsely faceted and separated by two-thirds of their own width;
antennse very slender, fully as long as the body, the fifth joint as long as
two to four combined, fourth two-thirds as long as the second; prothorax
evidently elongate and narrower at apex than at base, strongly bicon-
stricted, barely at all impressed along the middle, the median lateral
prominences strong but obtuse; punctures fine and dense, with a smooth
median line toward base; elytra three times as long as the head and
prothorax, two-thirds wider than the latter, parallel, rapidly obtusely
rounded at apex, finely, very feebly, sparsely and somewhat unevenly
punctate, producing the appearance of two or three vague longitudinal
lines of denser pubescence; legs slender, the basal joint of the hind tarsi
almost as long as the entire remainder. Length 10.5 mm. ; width 2.3 mm.
California (San Diego).

The single type is probably a male and was sent to me among

204 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

specimens of Aneflus linearis by Mr. Ricksecker. It does not appear
to be allied in any way closely with nevadica, and is widely distinct
from the preceding.

Ortholeptura n. gen.

The body is elongate, very much as in Centrodera throughout,
except that the legs, and especially the tarsi, are much longer, the
latter almost as densely clothed with short pubescence beneath.
The eyes are large, convex and prominent, coarsely faceted and
with a relatively small but deep, angulate emargination, the antennae
long and moderately slender, the fourth joint distinctly shorter
than the third or fifth, the head before the antennae as in Leptalia
and the palpi slender. The prothorax is subcylindric, only very
slightly protuberant at the sides, only moderately biconstricted and
is dorsally channeled feebly along the middle, the elytra with the
sutural angle strongly spiniform in typical species. The type is the
following:

Ortholeptura oculea n. sp. — Elongate, relatively slender, convex, shin-
ing anteriorly, the elytra feebly alutaceous, feebly pubescent, pale flavo-
testaceous throughout, except some small maculation as stated; head
with small and well separated punctures, becoming fine and close near
the eyes, which are very large and convex, separated above by barely
one-half more than their width, extending almost to the base, which is
abruptly constricted behind the extremely short and retracted, arcuately
converging tempora; antennse (cf ) about as long as the body, pale, the
fourth joint fully four times as long as wide, four-fifths as long as the
third and three-fourths as long as the fifth, barely as long as the first,
which is thickened and curved apically ; penultimate joint of the maxillary
palpi barely two-thirds as long as the last; prothorax a fourth longer than
wide, the arcuate apex but little narrower than the broadly bisinuate
base, the basal angles obtuse; sides very feebly arcuate submedially;
basal constriction short but very deep discally, the apical broad and
deep, the median line acutely but broadly impressed from the centre
to the apical constriction; punctures well separated, strong, moderately
coarse and unequal laterally, becoming very fine, sparse and feeble
medially; surface with the apical and basal beads and two elongate
central spots blackish; scutellum acutely triangular; elytra four times as
long as the prothorax, widest at the humeri, where they are not quite
twice as wide as the prothorax, strongly but not very densely punctate,
gradually more finely posteriorly, each with two small elongate black
spots near basal fifth, the outer on the flank and the smaller of the two,
also with two subsimilar elongate spots just before the middle and more
approximate, the outer in advance and smaller than the inner; sutural
spine long ; hind tarsi somewhat longer than the tibiae. Length 21.0 mm. ;
width 5.3 mm. California (Truckee).

CERAMBYCID/E 205

The single male type has been in my cabinet for many years
under the name Leptura valida Lee.* The original female type of
the latter, from Shoalwater Bay, near the Columbia River, as
figured, is very much stouter and has the sides of the prothorax more
prominent medially; the prothorax is said to have fine dense punc-
tures, intermingled with some that are coarse and sparse, and the
elytral spots are nebulous and in three series. In oculea the thoracic
sculpture seems to be different, the penultimate palpal joint much
shorter, and the elytral spots are smaller, sharply defined and in
two series only, there being no trace of maculation behind the
middle. Having in mind the differences noted, in conjunction with
the different conditions of environment between the northern sea-
coast, and 6000 feet elevation in the southern Sierras, it is to be
presumed that the two species are different. But, in any event, it
is quite certain that this type forms a distinct genus in the neighbor-
hood of Leptalia and Centrodera and is distinctly out of place in
Leptura. In Leptura insignis Fall, from Monterey, which seems to
be congeneric, the elytral apices are rounded and wholly unarmed
and the elytral ornamentation somewhat more extended, showing
that the spiniform sutural angles do not constitute an essential
generic character, although unknown in Leptura. In the male of
insignis, the sides of the apical sinuate truncature of the abdomen
are acute but dentiform; in oculea they are much produced pos-
teriorly, slender and spiniform, this comparison being made with
a male of insignis in the National Museum ; valida is also represented
in that collection by several typical females, taken near the mouth
of the Columbia River.

Stenocorus F?br.

The use of the names Stenocorus, Stenochorus and Toxotus, in
the latest European catalogue, is erroneous in great part, but the
matter is cleared up very well by Aurivillius in his recent general
catalogue, where Stenocorns is shown to be the proper generic
name for our species now known as Toxotus Serv. The genus Sten-
ocorus forms a remarkably isolated group, because of the retraction
of the tib'al spurs, which occurs nowhere else in the tribe so far as

* There is a female of oculea, from Placer Co., California, in the National Museum;
this female is much more slender than the same sex of valida.

2o6 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

known, except as a mere suggestion in Leptura matthewsi. Our
species are heterogeneous and form four subgeneric groups as fol-
lows:

Third antennal joint very much longer than the fourth; emargination of
the eyes extremely feeble, broadly sinuate 2

Third and fourth joints equal, both much shorter than in the preceding
section; emargination deep and subangulate 4

2 — Eyes rather coarsely faceted, larger and more prominent; fossa of
the fourth palpal joint short, not attaining base or apex; pubescence
even. Atlantic regions Group I

Eyes always very finely faceted and relatively small in size 3

3 — Middle coxae rather widely separated by the broadly tumid meso-
sternum; elytra substriate, rugose, the pronotum nude and almost
sculptureless; last palpal joint shorter, obtriangular, with the fossa
entire, very deep; pubescence even. Atlantic regions Group II

Middle coxae very moderately separated as usual; elytra never substriate,
the prothorax always densely punctate and pubescent, with much
less irregular surface and less acutely angulate lateral tubercles;
palpal fossa deep, nearly attaining the apex but not the base; elytral
pubescence uneven in lay, partially transverse or oblique. Atlantic
and Pacific regions Group III

4 — Middle coxae very moderately separated; antennal swellings more
pronounced and basal; narrowing of the head more abrupt than
in any of the preceding; sides of the prothorax medially not so
prominent, arcuate between the constrictions; pubescence even.
Atlantic regions and Europe Group IV

The influence of geographic habitat is very pronounced in the
evolution of these groups.

Group I.

Subgenus Toxotopsis nov.

The single known species is the Leptura cinnamoptera of Randall
(cBSCuli Hald.); it is well known and apparently very constant in
form, showing that it is geologically old ; it needs no special descrip-
tion at this time.

Group II.

Subgenus Eutoxotus nov.

The type of this subgenus is the large and stout Toxotus schaumi
of LeConte. The body is generally wholly black, the femora alone
red, but black at base and apex. Mr. Leng has described a sub-
species under the name croceus (Ent. Amer., 1890, p. 68), which is

CERAMBYCIOE 207

yellow, except the tibiae, tarsi and antennae from the second joint
outward, which are black. The elytra are peculiarly punctato-
rugose and opaque, which, with the remarkable prothorax, renders
schaumi very distinct, in fact unique, in facies.

Group III.
Subgenus Stenocorus Fabr.

This subgenus differs decidedly from all the others in our fauna
in being very plastic, indicating a geologically more recent origin,
the remarkable diversification of form being due also to its generally
mountainous and climatically varied habitat; only two species so
far as known inhabit the regions east of the Rocky Mountains.
The very numerous species and subspecies may be characterized
as follows:

Elytra obliquely truncate at tip, sometimes very narrowly; prothorax

generally elongate or at least fully as long as wide 2

Elytra each narrowly and evenly rounded at tip, the sutural angle
rounded or very obtuse; prothorax short, with the lateral protuber-
ance less developed 12

2 — Elytra vittate 3

Elytra unicolorous 7

3 — Elytra blackish, with basal, lateral and apical margins rufo-piceous;
beneath black, the abdomen, antennae, palpi and legs rufo-piceous;
head and prothorax black; punctures fine, the elytra rugose. Length

17.5 mm. California (Tejon) nubifer Lee.

Elytra more regularly vittate 4

4 — Elytra wholly black, with a fine pale marginal vitta. Male lather
stout, the elytra strongly cuneiform, flat above; body, legs and anten-
nae deep black throughout, except the marginal vitta and the ab-
domen which is wholly bright rufous; head densely punctato-
rugose, subquadrate, the sides behind the eyes at first feebly con-
verging then more strongly to the base, there being a very evident
basal constriction; antennae very nearly as long as the body; pro-
thorax longer than wide, broadly biconstricted and rather acutely
tuberculate at the sides, but slightly narrower at apex than at base,
finely, closely punctate and with short gray pubescence, bristling
with long erect hairs laterally; elytra becoming very prominent
laterally toward the humeri, much narrowed at apex, the oblique
truncature with a spiniform sutural angle; pubescence short, de-
cumbent, even, streaming obliquely from the suture, coarser and
more distinct in about inner half, extremely minute elsewhere, the
marginal pale line narrow, even, well defined, extending from base
very nearly to the apex; legs not very slender, the anterior and middle
tarsi broader than usual. Female not differing much from the male,

208 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

except that the antennae are shorter and more slender. Length
(d" 9) 12.5-12.8 mm.; width 3.6-4.0 mm. California (Mt. Diablo
and Los Angeles Co.) lateralis Csy.

Elytra black, with a discal and marginal pale vitta 5

Elytra black or piceous, with simply a discal pale vitta, the margins
black, varying to almost wholly pale 6

5 — Body moderately stout, feebly convex, slightly shining, black, the
elytral vittse flavo-, the abdomen of the female rufo-testaceous,
with the two basal segments black; head finely but strongly, very
densely punctate, the eyes small, the sides behind them gradually
converging and nearly straight to the neck; antennae with the third
joint much longer than any other; prothorax slightly elongate,
feebly narrowed from base to apex, strongly biconstricted, feebly
impressed dorsally between the constrictions, finely, very closely
and strongly punctate and clothed with pale yellowish-cinereous,
somewhat bristling pubescence; elytra strongly tapering from base
to apex, one-half wider than the prothorax and between three and
four times as long, strongly but not very coarsely punctate, the
punctures in great part transversely confluent, the pubescence
short, slightly oblique, not dense and inconspicuous, the flavate
vittae not quite attaining the tips, which are obliquely and recti-
linearly truncate, with small acute and dentiform sutural angle.
Length (c? 9 ) 14.0-21.0 mm.; width 3.3-6.0 mm. New England
to Ohio trivittatus Say

Body black, similar to the preceding, except that it is smaller in size and
with shorter legs and tarsi, the sutural black vitta not broadening
basally and widely enclosing the scutellum, as it does in trivittatus,
but narrow, not broader toward the scutellum, which it sometimes
barely attains; pale vitta much broader. Length (a71 9 ) I3-5-
16.0 mm. ; width 3.4-4.4 mm. Ontario and Minnesota.

vittiger Rand.

Body black, flavo-pubescent, the prothorax strongly constricted an-
teriorly and posteriorly, shining, sparsely punctulate, canaliculate,
armed at the sides with a large acute tubercle; elytra narrowed from
the base, twice as wide as the prothorax, densely punctulate and
rugose, the margin from base almost to the apex and a dorsal vitta
on each, evanescent posteriorly, abbreviated anteriorly and bounded
on each side by a distinct elevated line, pale, the apices obliquely
subtruncate. Length 25.0 mm. Fort Vancouver and vicinity.

flavolineatus Lee.

Body slender, black, finely, densely sericeo-pubescent; lateral tubercles
of the prothorax large, obtusely rounded, the constrictions strongly
marked; elytra with the pubescence transverse, " testaceous, suture,
discoidal stripe and side margin blackish " [in diagnosis (Tr. Am.
Ent. Soc., 1874, p. 67)], " the discoidal vitta confined to the upper
plane of the elytra and the lateral space between it and the margin
ferruginous " [in subsequent remarks (1. c.)], the tips obliquely
subtruncate; abdomen of the male ferruginous, of the female
blackish, with silvery pubescence; antennae (c?) stout and as long

CERAMBYCID^E 209

as the body, or ( 9 ) more slender and a little more than half as
long. Length 13 mm. Oregon, Vancouver and British Columbia.

virgatus Lee.

6 — Male slender, deep black, rather strongly shining, the abdomen very
slender, pale ferruginous, the elytral vitta rather near the suture
and becoming broad basally, gradually fine posteriorly and disap-
pearing before the apex; head densely punctato-rugose, briefly
conical basally, the eyes small; antennae slender, black, not quite
as long as the body, the basal joint much longer than the fourth,
third longer than the fifth; prothorax elongate, narrowed but very
little from base to apex, the constrictions and lateral tubercle well
developed ; surface scarcely at all canaliculate, finely, closely punctate
and with stiff, moderately abundant, yellowish-cinereous pubescence;
elytra strongly, sinuously tapering, one-half wider than the pro-
thorax and between three and four times as long, minutely punctate,
sparsely laterally, with very short, not dense and rather inconspicuous
cinereous pubescence, laid obliquely from the suture to the outer
limit of the pale vitta, almost wanting thence to the sides, the lateral
bead pale basally, the apical truncature very narrow, oblique,
the sutural angle obtuse; abdomen bright fer-ruginous, very slender
and cylindric, the fifth segment broadly arcuato-truncate. Female
larger and stouter than the male, with only feebly tapering elytra,
nearly similar otherwise but with rather denser pubescence, still
smaller eyes and slightly shorter though barely more slender antennae,
about three-fourths as long as the body; abdomen much broader,
less cylindric, more pubescent, less bright though pale ferruginous,
the apical margins of the segments feebly infuscate; fifth ventral
broad and transverse, the obtuse apex with the surface arched
horizontally for a short space near each side to receive the elevated
sides of the concave genital segment, the surface apically also feebly
impressed at the middle; last dorsal broadly, arcuately truncate,
with broadly rounded angles, the notch at the middle broad, very
feeble and barely traceable. Length (c?1) 1 1.5, ( 9 ) 14.0 mm. ; width
(cf ) 2.8, ( 9 ) 4.0 mm. California (Lake Co.) pacificus n. sp.

Male small and still more slender, nearly as in the preceding, except
that the eyes are more prominent, the antennae still more slender and
finely filiform, with the basal joint much shorter and more slender,
but little longer than the fourth, the third barely at all longer than
the fifth and the sutural black vitta very narrow and more indefi-
nite, the broad dark marginal vitta not black but pale brown,
blackish at the humeri, the abdomen similar but apically much more
sparsely punctate, with the fifth segment longer, being a little longer
than the fourth and more strongly and evenly rounded throughout
the apex. Female differing from the same sex of pacificus, which it
nearly resembles in coloration, in its much smaller size and narrower
build, the antennae as in the male but a little shorter, the abdomen
narrower, very much less pubescent, more shining, blacker, the
segments rufo-piceous basally or in a transverse medial band, the
fifth segment more angulate at apex, with the arches and median
T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

2io MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

impression obsolete. Length (cf) 8.3-9.7, (9) 9-5 mm.: width
(cf) 1.9-2.3, (9 ) 2.7 mm. California (Lake Co.). . .tenellus n. sp.

Male unknown. Female as in pacificus but shorter and relatively
stouter, the coloration, sculpture and vestiture nearly similar, the
antennae similar and with a much longer basal joint than in tenellus,
the third joint less elongate than in pacificus, piceo-rufous in color,
with the basal joint black, slender, two-thirds as long as the body;
prothorax much stouter and shorter than in either of the preceding,
barely as long as wide, more narrowed to the more arcuate apex,
nearly similar otherwise though with rather more sharply angulate
tubercles; elytra nearly as in pacificus, except that the sutural black
vitta fades out near the scutellum; abdomen as in pacificus, except
that the fifth segment is evenly rounded throughout at apex and
not broadly, obtusely angulate, and without trace of the two apical
archings of the surface; legs fusco-ferruginous, black distally;
last dorsal plate of the female broadly rounded at apex, becoming
rather deeply sinuate at the middle. Length (9) 13.8 mm.;
width 4.0 mm. California (Lake Co.) : hesperus n. sp.

Male unknown. Female in form nearly as in the preceding but with
relatively much narrower head and prothorax, the former being less
developed than in any other species; eyes moderate, separated by
nearly three times their own width; antennae very slender, two-thirds
as long as the body, very pale flavo-testaceous in color throughout,
the basal joint scarcely visibly less pale, the fourth relatively shorter
than in the preceding; prothorax much narrower, longer than wide,
the pubescence short, rather coarse, golden, not dense; elytra nearly
as in hesperus but wholly pale in color, except a faint blackish streak
from the humeri fading out near basal fourth; abdomen pale, densely
punctulate, the bases and apices of the segments nubilously darker,
the fifth segment much shorter and with two small sinuses nearly
as in pacificus but smaller and more widely separated; last dorsal
segment very different, being more narrowly and very evenly rounded
at apex, without sinus. Length (9) 12.0 mm.; width 3.3 mm.
California (Lake Co.) parviceps n. sp.

7 — Elytral flanks shining, rather coarsely, sparsely punctate, with few
if any minute punctules; pubescence throughout rather incon-
spicuous 8

Elytral flanks alutaceous as elsewhere, because of the very dense minute
punctulation, sometimes with a few slightly larger punctures
sparsely intermingled; general pubescence long, denser, more di-
versely laid and conspicuous; antennae differing sexually, being
much longer and heavier in the male as in lateralis 1 1

8 — Elytral vestiture even from the suture nearly to the limits of the more
shining and subglabrous flanks, composed of short, oblique, moder-
ately close and rather inconspicuous hairs nearly as in the four
preceding species; antennae not differing much sexually, resembling
the trivittatus and pacificus groups 9

Elytra each with a narrow axial line near inner third, in which the hairs
become oppositely oblique as in a cow-lick; antennae differing
sexually, being much longer and heavier in the male 10

CERAMBYCID/E 211

9 — Elytra with an unusually wide oblique apical truncature, this being
more than a third as wide as the elytron at three-fourths from the
base, the sutural angle minutely dentiform, the elytra very much
more gently and feebly tapering posteriorly than in the females of
the three preceding, where the truncature is relatively very much
narrower. Female type black, with wholly ferruginous elytra,
legs and antennae, the abdomen black, with the basal parts of the
segments obscurely rufescent, wholly ferruginous apically; head,
eyes and antennae nearly as in the preceding; basal joint of the latter
but little more than twice as long as wide; prothorax but little
longer than wide, a good deal narrowed from base to apex, with
the constrictions deep, the tubercle pronounced; surface finely,
densely punctate, not densely cinereo-pubescent and differing from
those described above in being concave medially; elytra much less
than one-half wider than the prothorax, between three and four
times as long, distinctly tapering throughout; pubescence in less
than inner half obvious but very short, decumbent and evenly
oblique throughout, almost wanting thence laterally, the punctures
very fine and close internally, with some that are slightly larger in
great part serial in arrangement basally, becoming notably larger
and deep laterally and fine posteriorly; fifth ventral broadly angulate
at apex, not impressed or otherwise modified; last dorsal broadly
arcuato-truncate, without obvious median emargination or sinus.
Length (9) 10.3-11.8 mm. ; width 2.9-3.3 mm. California (Lake
Co.) truncatulus n. sp.

Elytra with the apical truncature very narrow as usual in this part of
the subgenus, distinctly less than a third as wide as the elytra at
three-fourths from the base; form otherwise nearly similar. Female
type rather slender, black, the entire elytra and legs pale brownish-
testaceous, the antennae dark rufo-piceous throughout, the basal
joint not at all darker, the abdomen deep black, abruptly testaceous
behind the third segment; head strongly and densely punctato-
rugose, with very moderate eyes, the sides behind them evenly and
gently converging; antennae shorter than in the preceding, barely
more than half as long as the body; prothorax just visibly elongate,
with fine deep separated punctures, feebly conical, deeply bicon-
stricted and with a distinct dorsal channel connecting the impressions,
the pubescence short, coarse, not dense; elytra very feebly tapering
from the gradually more prominent humeri, one-half wider than the
prothorax and nearly four times as long, the vestiture as in the
preceding, distinct in about internal, almost wholly wanting in
external, half; abdomen shining and finely punctate, not densely
pubescent; legs slender. Length (9) 9.5 mm.; width 2.7 mm.
California (Sta. Cruz Mts.) apiciventris n. sp.

10 — Form more rhomboidal than the two preceding, black, the entire
elytra pale and uniform brownish-rufous, the abdomen rufous in
the male; legs and antennae wholly ferruginous, the basal joint of
the latter scarcely at all darker than the remainder; head punctato-
scabrous, with longer and closer pubescence than in the preceding,
the eyes small as usual; antennae (of) rather thick, four-fifths as

212 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

long as the body; prothorax distinctly elongate, subcylindric, but
very little narrower at apex than at base, moderately biconstricted,
the lateral tubercles obtusely rounded; punctures small but strong,
very dense, the sulcus obsolete, the pubescence long, rather dense
but not quite concealing the surface sculpture; elytra fully two-thirds
wider than the prothorax and not distinctly more than three times
as long, very rapidly tapering from the prominent though rounded
humeri to the apex, finely, rather closely punctate, except laterally,
more sparsely basally and with numerous rather coarse and widely
scattered punctures throughout, though especially toward base and
closer on the flanks; pubescence golden-cinereous, short, not very
dense, largely absent laterally. Male with the abdomen moderately
narrow, slightly tapering, clothed not very densely with distinct
pale pubescence; dorsal pygidium obtusely rounded, the surface
finely, not very densely punctate, with the median line feebly carini-
form, nearly flat elsewhere. Length (cf) 11.5 mm.; width 3.6 mm.
California (locality not recorded) rufipennis n. sp.

Form slightly more slender than in rufipennis, a little smaller in size
but similar in coloration, except that the legs and antennae are dark
rufo-piceous, the basal joint of the latter black; head nearly similar,
the antennae (cf ) nearly similar but rather more tapering distally,
or ( 9 ) much shorter and more slender than in the male, three-
fifths as long as the body; prothorax narrower, still more elongate
and barely at all narrower at apex than at base, similarly sculptured
but with the pubescence much less abundant and shorter; scutellum
narrower; elytra shorter, three-fourths wider than the prothorax
and three times as long, the short pubescence nearly similar, the
sculpture finer, the intermingled larger punctures less evident, almost
wanting in the female, which also has numerous fine punctures, as
well as larger, on the flanks; abdomen rufous in both sexes, blackish
laterally toward base in the female; dorsal pygidium (cf) finely,
sparsely punctate, without trace of a fine axial carinule, but with
an elongate tubercle near each side; last dorsal ( 9 ) broadly rounded,
more transverse medially at apex but without medial sinus or emar-
gination, the last ventral broadly rounded, feebly impressed medially
near the apex. Length (cf 9 ) 10.5-12.0 mm.; width 2.9-3.4 mm-
California (locality not recorded) flaccidus n. sp.

II — Last dorsal (9) narrow, gradually and arcuately tapering to the
narrowly bilobed apex, the median notch deep, subparallel, rounded
at the bottom and slightly deeper than wide. Body rather slender,
black, the elytra pale brownish-yellow, the abdomen ( 9 ) rufous,
with the two basal segments wholly or in part blackish; legs more
or less pale piceo-testaceous, the antennae pale, with the basal joint
black; head densely punctate, the eyes small but rather prominent,
the front closely pubescent, striate medially; antennae (cf) moder-
ately thick, not quite as long as the body, or ( 9 ) a little thinner
and three-fifths as long as the body; prothorax elongate, distinctly
narrower at apex than at base, strongly biconstricted, minutely
and very densely punctate, broadly, feebly impressed along the
middle and with long and very dense golden pubescence, forming

CERAMBYCID^E 213

a strong double median cow-lick which does not attain base or apex;
elytra one-half wider than the prothorax and three times as long,
tapering in both sexes, everywhere minutely, closely punctate
and pubescent, the hairs rather long, dense, golden, generally
nearly transversely laid, with one or two more prominent irregular
lines of diverse lay. Length (cf 9 ) 11.5-12.5 mm.; width 3.1-3.6

mm. California (probably the coast regions) aureatus n. sp.

A — Nearly similar to the preceding but a little stouter and with
silvery and not golden thoracic vestiture, which is however simi-
larly dense and thrown up in two similar medial longitudinal
cow-licks, differing distinctly in having the entire antennae, in-
cluding the basal joint, very pale yellowish-testaceous in color,
similar otherwise to the male antennae of aureatus, except that
the fourth joint is still a little shorter, being less than twice as
long as wide; eyes very slightly less prominent, similar other-
wise; prothorax similar in its sculpture and elongate form;
elytra similar in form, less alutaceous, the minute punctures less
dense or distinct, especially on the flanks, the marginal bead
blacker, pale basally; abdomen similar, the basal joint of the
hind tarsi distinctly longer. Length (cf ) 12.0 mm.; width 3.5
mm. California (locality unrecorded), — Levette.

gilvicornis n. subsp.

Last dorsal ( 9 ) broader basally, more rapidly narrowing and with
slightly arcuate sides to the relatively more narrowly bilobed tip,
the median nick broader and shallower, angulate and forming a
right angle; body larger and much stouter, black, the elytra darker
red-brown, the abdomen ( 9 ) ferruginous, blackish at the sides
basally; legs brownish-testaceous, the antennae darker, brownish,
with the basal joint black; head nearly as in the preceding but with
smaller and less prominent eyes and scantier pubescence, the an-
tennae (9) scarcely more than one-half as long as the body; pro-
thorax larger and stouter, not quite so elongate and rather more
conical but otherwise similar, except that the pubescence is paler
yellowish-cinereous and much less dense, not concealing the sculp-
ture, which is a little coarser; elytra nearly as in the preceding but
broader and with shorter, less golden but more sericeous pubescence,
which is similarly irregular. Length (9 ) 12.7 mm.; width 3.9 mm.

California (locality unknown) sericatus n. sp.

Last dorsal (9) much broader, parabolic in form, the relatively much
narrowed apex bilobed, the nick angular and nearly as in sericatus,
the body nearly similar in form, coloration and sculpture but still
stouter; head similar but with still shorter and less conspicuous
pubescence, the antennae similar; prothorax shorter, stout, only
very little longer than wide, narrower at apex than at base, moder-
ately biconstricted, the obtuse and very moderate tubercles rather
more anterior, the punctures finer and denser, the pubescence short,
still more cinereous and not concealing the surface; elytra as in
sericatus but broader, the grayish pubescence still shorter and the
irregular lines much less evident. Length (9) 13-5 mm.; width
4.25 mm. Utah subpinguis n. sp.

214 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Last dorsal (9 ) long and relatively more parallel, rapidly and obtusely
rounding at the apex and broadly, very faintly and gradually
sinuate medially; body larger and much stouter than in any of the
preceding species of this group, black, the abdomen black, the last
three segments dark and obscure rufous; elytra throughout brightei
rufous, the sutural and the lateral double beading, as well as the
extreme apices, black; vestiture inconspicuous, golden, unusually
short; legs black throughout; head very densely, rugosely sculptured
and dull, the eyes small: antennae ( 9 ) short and slender, deep black
throughout, but little more than half as long as the body, of the
usual structure; prothorax large, a little longer than wide, strongly
biconstricted, the median obtuse prominences conspicuous; punc-
tures small and close but with polished interspaces; elytra about
twice as long as wide, tapering, the larger punctures, scattered
among the very fine dense punctulation, smallei than usual; pu-
bescence rather sparse and very inconspicuous but arranged as in
aiireatus and allies; legs long and very slender. Length (9) 14.5
mm.; width 4. 8 mm. Oregon (Clackamas Co.) . . .oregonensis n. sp.

" Black; head and thorax lanate; venter and elytra testaceous, the latter
entire. Length 12 mm.; width 3 mm. Oregon.". . . .vestitus Hald.

12 — Color testaceous, extremely minutely pubescent; head fuscous;
prothorax not at all longer than wide, bisinuate at the sides, the
lateral tubercle feebler than usual and obtusely rounded, the
surface convex, moderately constricted anteriorly and posteriorly,
vaguely canaliculate; elytra slightly punctulate, almost parallel,
the apex rounded; eyes small but rather convex, finely faceted;
antennae with the third and fifth joints equal, the fourth two-thirds
as long; the head is feebly narrowed behind but not rounded on
the sides. Length (9 ?) 15.0 mm. Yellowstone Basin.

obtusus Lee.

Color deep black throughout, except the elytra, which are very pale
luteo-albid, the suture and a lateral vitta at the upper part of the
flanks black, the elytral apex and also the abdomen black; head
very densely punctato-scabrous, with rather long and coarse but
not dense hairs, fusco-cinereous in color, the eyes small and but
feebly prominent, the sides behind them short, converging and
evenly though feebly arcuate; antennae (cf ) rather heavy, as long
as the body, the third joint much longer than the fifth; prothorax
shorter than in any other species, not as long as wide, almost as
wide at the feebly arcuate apex as at base, rather deeply bisinuate
at the sides, with the tubercle strong though very obtuse and broadly
rounded; apical dorsal constriction broad and shallow, the basal
deeper and more angulate, the median line barely at all impressed;
punctures fine, close, the pubescence as on the head, not concealing
the sculpture; elytra not quite one-half wider than the prothorax and
fully four times as long, rapidly tapering from the prominently
rounded humeri to the apex, finely, feebly and not densely punctate
and with very small and rather sparse, evenly distributed and very
inconspicuous hairs. Length (cf ) 1 1.8-12.0 mm. ; width 3.5-3.7 mm.
Washington State brevicollis n. sp.

CERAMBYCID/E 215

It is almost certain that truncatulus and apiciventris, in spite of
their uniformly pale elytra, belong to the pacificus group of vittate
species ; this group, which seems to be peculiar to the maritime parts of
California, is somewhat more inconstant in elytral ornamentation
than either the more northern virgatus or the eastern trivittatus.
Rufipennis andflaccidus, which are mutually closely allied, are in a
measure intermediates between the virgatus and pacificus groups,
and the aureatus group. Haldeman's entire description of vestitus
is quoted above, and, as can be seen, it is totally ambiguous and
useless; it is probable also that the original type has not been pre-
served, the name for many years having been applied to all the con-
spicuously pubescent Pacific coast species having uniformly pallid
elytra. As its habitat is much more boreal than that of any above
noted, except oregonensis, which is much larger, it probably has
not been redescribed in the table. Obtusus Lee., is a peculiar type,
and from the fact that brevicollis is founded on the male and obtusus
probably on the female, it might be conceived that the former is
at most a subspecies of the latter; but there are so many incongrui-
ties, generally not sexually diverse, notably the long pubescence
of the head and prothorax in brevicollis, that there cannot be very
mych doubt, apparently, of the distinctness of the latter. The
female elytra in forms having strongly tapering male elytra, are
not "parallel" in any other known species, though very nearly so
in the subgenerically different cinnamopterus.

Mr. Leng (Ent. Amer., 1890, p. 68) notes a form of vestitus, which
he names ater; as it is not described this must be considered purely a
manuscript name. If the elytra are wholly black, there can be but
little doubt that closer observation would prove it to be a different
species, as variation in the genus seems to assume the diminishing
form rather than intensification of elytral coloration.

Group IV.
Subgenus Anisorus Muls.

The only species of our fauna entering this subgenus, which comes
very close to being a distinct genus, is the Toxotus cylindricollis of
Say (dentipennis Hald., and dives Newm., also var. atratus Hald.),
rather widely distributed in the Atlantic regions but not at all com-
mon. The prothorax distinctly tapers from base to apex and is

216 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

conical rather than cylindrical, but Say's species has probably been
correctly identified.

Evodinus Lee.

Besides the type of this genus, named Leptura monticola by
Randall, there is another rather closely allied species in my cabinet
as named below. The genus Evodinus, of recent years suppressed
and united with Pachyta, is valid, the prothorax being wholly as in
Stenocorus and not at all like Pachyta, and the elytral ornamentation
as in many true Lepturids; it is abundant in the European fauna,
numerous species being listed under the name Evodinus in the recent
European catalogue.

Evodinus vancouveri n. sp. — Male very slender, deep black, dull and
finely, very densely punctate, the elytra slightly shining though minutely,
deeply and very closely punctured, black, the humeri and a broad and
very irregular common sutural vitta, from behind the scutellum to
apical sixth or seventh, pale luteo-albid, the vitta contracted near basal
fourth, linearly expanded behind the middle and bifurcating slightly
at its posterior limit; head nearly as in monticola, the antennae very
slender, black throughout and as long as the body; prothorax as in that
species but narrower, more elongate and very much less densely pu-
bescent; elytra similar but narrower and with the small decumbent hairs
sparser. Female throughout in form, sculpture and ornamentation nearly
as in the female of monticola, except that it is less stout and that the pro-
thorax is much narrower, more elongate and less pubescent, the antennae
deep black, and that there is a bilaterally abbreviated black basal fascia
involving the scutellum; the antennae are much shorter than in the female
of monticola and especially with shorter outer joints, the hind tarsi
notably shorter. Length (cf1) 9.8, (9) 9-5 mm.; width (o71) 2.8, (9)
3.2 mm. Vancouver Island.

The difference between the almost wholly black elytra of the
male and the pallid, laterally distantly trimaculate elytra of the
female, is remarkable and never occurs, so far as noted, in monticola;
the apex also is black, and the discal spot near basal fourth in the
female is very small.

Parapachyta n. gen.

The genus for which this name is proposed is also allied to
Pachyta, but is very different in general habitus and in many
important structural features, the body being much more elongate
and the elytra more nearly parallel, never so peculiarly cuneiform
as in Pachyta. It differs radically from Pachyta in the more de-

CERAMBYCHXE 217

veloped head, this being relatively unusually small in that genus,
in its very large, prominent and coarsely faceted eyes, more elongate
and even more acutely tuberculate sides of the prothorax, system of
sculpture and many other characters, of more or less weight from
the generic viewpoint. Its type is Pachyta spurca Lee., a large
pallid and coarsely sculptured species of the true Pacific coast fauna.

Gaurotes Lee.

If we limited this genus to those species having a protuberant
mesosternum, the only representatives in my cabinet would be
cyanipennis Say., and the Mexican multiguttatus Bates, which
diverge widely from each other in sculpture, coloration and vesti-
ture, showing how ineffectual it may sometimes be to base genera
upon a single character, however important it may seem. If,
however, we entirely abandon the mesosternum, the inconstancy
of which has long been known, and look broadly at the species
cyanipennis, cressoni and abdominalis , we find a constant pecu-
liarity of habitus, separating them widely from Acmcsops, and caused
by the short broad form of body, relatively small and transverse,
apically much narrowed and strongly, transversely biconstricted
prothorax and very small head, with the front not prolonged. This
composite habitus constitutes the real generic difference between
Gaurotes and Acmceops and, in this light, examining Acmceops
thoracica, bivittata and nigripennis, we find the identical facies of
Gaurotes, showing that they should form part of Gaurotes and not
of Acmcsops. The variety of sculpture and ornamentation within
the limits of Gaurotes, thus amplified, becomes very marked, but
to show that this fact has very little significance here, other than
to prove that the genus is composed of several subgeneric groups
— three in number as far as now known, represented by bivittatus,
multiguttatus and cyanipennis, — we have only to point out that
the greatest difference of this kind lies between the only two species
that are typical in regard to mesosternal structure; that is, cyani-
pennis and multiguttatus, one with shining' metallic, simply and
sparsely punctate and virtually glabrous elytra, the other with
duller black elytra, having dual vestiture, consisting of condensed
clusters of decumbent white hairs, with others erect, stiffer and
black intermingled. As proving the dominant importance of

2i 8 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

general bodily structure, however, it is to be noted that these two
species have the form, size and habitus of the elytra, prothorax
and head virtually identical ; it might be further noted that it is
only in those forms having protuberant mesosternum, that the
elytra become bidenticulate or biangulate at apex, this being
very pronounced in multiguttatus and feebly evident in cyanipennis,
all the other species having broadly rounded tips, with sharply
angulate but wholly unproduced sutural angle.

The genus Gaurotes, therefore, will be made up in our fauna of
the species cyanipennis Say, — the type of the genus, — cressoni and
abdominalis Bland, thoracicus Hald., bivittatus Say, nigripennis
Lee., this being by no means a variety of bivittatus but a distinct and
valid species, of which varians Lee., is probably the male, fusciceps
Lee., which is also a valid species and not a variety of bivittatus,
and the following two, the first of which is closely allied to bivittatus,
being almost identical in ornamentation and sculpture:

Gaurotes oblongus n. sp. — Form, coloration, two black vittae on each
elytron and elytral sculpture of rather coarse, deep, moderately separated
punctures, as well as the very sparse vestiture of infinitesimal hairs
throughout, as in bivittatus; head relatively still smaller, only two-thirds
as wide as the prothorax, black, testaceous before the antennae and with
a large transverse basal area of the same color, strongly, densely sculp-
tured, perfectly flat between the small eyes, which are scarcely at all
prominent, the moderately retracted tempora at first subparallel, then
converging to the base; antennae longer and thicker, black, the first and
fifth joints relatively longer; prothorax testaceous, larger, more trans-
verse, a third wider than long and evidently wider at base than across
the ante- median lateral prominences; legs thick, wholly black. Length
(9 ) 9-8 mm.; width 4.2 mm. Nebraska.

Differs from bivittatus in its larger size, relatively smaller head,
with much less prominent eyes, in the red area of the occiput,
thicker antennae, with much more elongate basal joint, in the very
much thicker legs and tarsi and basally broader prothorax. The
subgeneric group to which it belongs includes also thoracicus Hald.,
nigripennis Lee. (varians Lee.) and fusciceps Lee., and has the
vittate form of ornamentation predominating as in Disonycha of the
Chrysomelidae, where numerous true and not closely related species
have nearly similar or virtually identical elytral ornamentation.

The following species is allied to cressoni but is larger and much
stouter :

CERAMBYCID/E 219

Gaurotes lecontei n. sp. — Oblong, convex, glabrous above, very shining,
black, the elytra bluish-green; antennae and legs black, the femora broadly-
banded with testaceous near the tip; abdomen wholly black; head small,
with rather close-set coarse punctures, mingled with smaller ones, the
surface smooth anteriorly; antennae, eyes, tempora and prothorax as in
cressoni, the first a little more slender; elytra three-fifths longer than wide,
feebly cuneiform, fully twice as wide as the prothorax, one-half longer
than wide, obtusely rounded behind; punctures sparse, separated by
from three to six times their diameters, coarse basally, becoming very
minute apically; apices not truncate; under surface shining, minutely
punctate, more strongly and rather closely on the sterna, very remotely
on the abdomen; mesosternum not protuberant. Length (9 ) 11.5 mm.;
width 5.4 mm. Oregon.

Differs greatly from cressoni in the characters stated, as well as
in the black and not bright red abdomen and very much sparser,
less coarse and antero-posteriorly more unequal elytral punctures.

The genus Acmaops, as at present constituted, is even more com-
posite than Gaurotes; for, removing bivittata, thoracica and related
species from Acm&ops and placing them in that genus, where they
evidently belong as stated above, there still remain three generic
groups of species definable as follows :

Front broad, not or scarcely prolonged, the genae short; pronotum never
bitumorose; elytra not or rarely at all truncate at tip 2

Front narrowed and more or less prolonged as in Ophistomis, the genae
longer; pronotum generally bitumorose basally, the elytra nearly
always sharply sinuato-truncate at tip 3

2 — Body short and broad in form, the antennae shorter and notably
thick. [Type Acmccops tnnuda Lee.] Brachysomida

Body elongate and slender, the antennae long, slender and filiform.
[Type Leptura longicornis Kirby.J Leptacmaeops

3 — Body smaller, shorter and relatively broader than in Leptacmaops,
the antennae less attenuate. [Type Leptura proteus Kit by].

Acmseops

These three groups differ markedly among themselves in habitus,
as well as in special structural features, with no intermediate forms,
proving them to have rather the nature of genera than mere sections
of a single genus. The only one common to the nearctic and palse-
arctic faunas is Acmaops, the species pratensis Laich., with many
synonyms, being common to the two continents. Brachysomida is
confined to the Pacific fauna of North America, while Acm&ops
and Leptacnuzops are purely subarctic, descending to the southward
along the Rocky Mountain system. Dinoptera Muls., may be

22O MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

closely related to Brachysomida, but it can be inferred, at least, that
the two are not identical from the fact that in the type of Dinoptera,
the prothorax is much more elongate and usually bright red, while
in Brachysomida, the head and prothorax are invariably intense
black, the only parts subject to color variation being the elytra,
abdomen, legs and antennae; these variations are of no value, even
as fixing varieties or so-called aberrations; the antennae in Dinoptera
collaris are. much longer than in Brachysomida.

Brachysomida n. gen.

The species of this genus are exceedingly numerous, so much so
that the variety of form, or the apparent instability, revealed by
successive arrivals of new material, led Dr. LeConte to believe
that those he had described were in great part united by inter-
mediates, and he thereupon proceeded to suppress many of them,
refraining at the same time from defining any more, so that only
about a third of the species now in my collection have ever been
described. But LeConte did injustice to the realities of nature in
thus suppressing so much of his more discriminative work, whatever
the external influences or internal reasoning that may have moved
him; in short, the proportion of synonymy now accredited to him
in the lists, almost everywhere in the Coleoptera and even where
self-imposed, is somewhat largely without warrant and untrue, as
is fast becoming evident.*

I have not attempted to indicate other than a specific status for
more than a few of the following forms, for as they are all amply
distinct in appearance, I am uncertain which to regard as species
under the present day ultra-radical conception of that term, and
which to put in subordinate station, leaving such questions for
future determination. It can only be said that those forms, as for
instance trinitatis, that I have personally been able to collect in
considerable number in their native environment, betray no marked
variability beyond the mysterious color dimorphism characterizing
the genus, the majority of the examples of that species of both sexes
having uniform deep blue elytra, while about a third of them have
uniform pale red-brown elytra, without intermediates in color,

* Mr. Pierce, of the National Museum, has recently found it necessary to rein-
state several of the LeContean species of Thecesternus, that were suppressed by the
author himself.

CERAMBYCID^; 221

showing that it is a true dimorphism and not mere variability, as
ordinarily conceived. This dimorphism also pervades Leptacm&ops,
with a few notable exceptions, such as falsa, but is not so evident
in the true Acmceops, such forms as discoidea and directa, being
remarkably constant in coloration. It is a singular condition, where
some species are subject to radical dimorphism and others, evidently
congeneric, are absolutely constant within the narrowest limits; it
simply indicates what may some day be recognized as subgeneric
groups within the genus.

Prothorax rather acutely and abruptly though not strongly tuberculate
at the sides; body very deep black throughout, the elytral punctures
coarse 2

Prothorax with the sides very feebly, obtusely prominent and rounded
invariably before the middle and just behind the apical constriction,
which is always large, deep and very evident; elytra never deep
black and very moderately sculptured, almost always with more or
less blue, greenish or aeneous coloration 3

Prothorax as in the preceding group but having the lateral prominence
virtually wanting; body otherwise as in section 3 19

2 — Form stout, oblong, rather convex, shining, deep black, the elytra
more blue-black than the anterior parts; upper surface glabrous, the
under with a few small scattered hairs, the legs and first five antennal
joints with short and close-set stiff hairs, the remainder of the an-
tennae minutely, very densely puberulent and dull, the fifth joint
claviform, with an elongate opaque spot on the under surface in
nearly apical half; head densely and moderately punctured, the
tempora converging and arcuate behind the eyes; antennae (cf)
extending to apical third of the elytra, the third joint longer than
the fourth but shorter than the fifth; prothorax wider than long,
evenly convex, with small but strong scattered punctures, the median
line in part finely striate; scutellum nude and shining, elongate,
acutely ogival; elytra parallel, not quite twice as long as wide, three
and one-half times as long as the prothorax and three-fourths wider,
rounded at apex, parallel, the sutural angle right but blunt; punc-
tures coarse, irregular, in part somewhat confluent transversely
but generally widely separated; abdomen minutely, sparsely punc-
tate. Length (cf1) S.o mm.; width 3.0 mm. Washington State.

atra Lee.

Form not so stout, convex, intense black throughout, glabrous above,
the small sparse hairs of the under surface so minute as to be barely
discoverable; legs with sparse and very minute hairs; head and
prothorax strongly, densely, subrugosely punctate, the front de-
pressed between the antennae and the eyes; antennae (9) thick,
not extending to the middle of the elytra, the third joint shorter than
the fourth and two-thirds as long as the fifth; sides only very feebly
converging but strongly arcuate between the eyes and the base;
prothorax very short, one-half wider than long, much narrowed but

222 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

virtually not at all constricted at apex, with a polished punctureless
space before the middle of the base; scutellum nude, polished, larger
and much more obtuse than in air a; elytra three-fourths longer than
wide, between three and four times as long as the prothorax and less
than one-half wider, parallel, rounded obtusely at apex, the punctures
even, only moderately coarse but very deep and perforate, closer than
in atra, separated generally by but little more than their diameters;
abdomen minutely, extremely feebly and remotely punctulate.
Length (9) 6.8 mm.; width 2.5 mm. Colorado (Summit of Mt.

Arapahoe — elevation nearly 13000 feet) morata n. sp.

3 — Vestiture dark or blackish in color, inconspicuous 4

Vestiture pale cinereous to yellowish, always distinct 5

4 — Body stout, oblong, moderately convex, deep black and rather shining
throughout, the elytra dark steel-blue, sometimes violaceous toward
the sides; pubescence dark, abundant but not distinct, long, fine and
erect on the prothorax; head deeply and very densely punctate,
the prothorax scarcely less strongly but loosely, the elytra rather
coarsely, very deeply and closely, gradually more finely posteriorly;
antenna? (cf) a little more or ( 9 ) somewhat less than half as long
as the body, thick, the third and fourth joints equal in both sexes
and much shorter than the fifth; prothorax rather large, wider than
the head, evidently shorter than wide, strongly constricted at apex,
with an irregular and impunctate but otherwise unmodified median
line, which does not attain the apex; scutellum closely nigro-
pubescent; elytra oblong, parallel, three-fourths wider than the
prothorax to nearly twice as wide, obtusely rounded at apex, the
sutural angles right; abdomen minutely, sparsely punctulate, some-
times picescent. Length 8.8-n.o mm.; width 3.5-4.3 mm. Cali-
fornia (northern) viola Lee.

Body narrower, much more elongate and smaller in size, less convex,
shining, deep black, the elytra brighter, dark violaceous-blue, the
vestiture similar; head more finely, very densely, the prothorax still
more finely, toward the sides closely, dorsally rather loosely, punc-
tate, the elytra punctured and with obscure dark pubescence nearly
as in viola; antennae longer, extending almost to apical third of the
elytra (d71) or beyond the middle of the body (9 ), thick, the joints
as in viola; sides behind the eyes converging and nearly straight;
prothorax as in the preceding; elytra twice as long as wide, parallel,
gradually obtusely rounded at tip, the sutural angles right and sharp,
three-fourths to four-fifths wider than the prothorax; abdomen
piceous-black, the fine and very feeble punctulation and fine fuscous
hairs rather closer than in viola; second joint of the hind tarsi shorter
and much more strongly narrowed from apex to base than in that
species. Length 8.7-10.0 mm.; width 2.9-3.7 mm. California

(locality unrecorded) celestina n. sp.

5 — Elytral punctures sparser, separated basally by twice their own di-
ameters or more 6

Elytral punctures distinctly dense throughout 15

6 — Large species, more or less exceeding 10 mm. in average length. . . .7
Smaller species, generally much under 10 mm. in length 8

CERAMBYCID^E 223

7 — Form robust, black, not at all densely clothed with long cinereous
pubescence; head densely punctate, the prothorax moderately, the
latter convex, constricted at apex, the sides before the middle abruptly
rounded, parallel posteriorly, the surface obsoletely canaliculate;
elytra subdepressed dorsally, the sides obliquely impressed, the apices
subobliquely attenuate, then obtusely rounded, tinged with vio-
laceous, less densely punctate, the punctures finer posteriorly; legs
densely fusco-pubescent ; antennae fuscous, black at base. Length
14.2 mm. Oregon mollipilosa Lee.

Form stout, the elytra less flattened dorsally than in the preceding, with
the sides less impressed behind the humeri and less broadly rounded
at the elytral apex, black, pubescent; head densely punctate and
canaliculate; prothorax densely punctate, the median line smooth
posteriorly, shorter than wide, the sides anteriorly notably rounded,
strongly margined, abruptly constricted and briefly tubulate at
apex; elytra rather closely punctate, more finely posteriorly, parallel,
obtuse at apex. Length 12.5 mm. California (Sacramento).
[fusca Lee. — founded also upon a single specimen, taken in the same
locality and by the same collector, is probably only the paler
dimorphic form of lugens] lugens Lee.

Form stout, moderately convex, shining, deep black, the elytra with
feeble greenish-metallic lustre; head very densely punctate, the
sides feebly arcuato-convergent from the scarcely prominent eyes
to the base; third and fourth antennal joints short, equal, barely
more than twice as long as wide; prothorax wider than long, only
moderately constricted at apex, moderately and arcuately swollen
at the sides before the middle, evenly convex, with the very moderate
punctures well separated and a smooth median line except anteriorly,
the pubescence notably long, yellowish, very coarse and conspicuous;
elytra parallel, conjointly very obtusely rounded at tip, three-
fourths longer than wide, less than twice as wide as the prothorax,
the punctures well separated, deep and perforate, rather coarse,
becoming small but still strong apically, the hairs rather long, coarse,
bristling and yellowish; abdomen finely and feebly but rather closely
punctulate. Length 11.5 mm.; width 4.0 mm. California (San
Francisco) tumida Lee.

8 — Elytra black, with the feeblest possible trace of aeneo-viridate lustre
laterally, stout, somewhat grayish-black throughout, the pubescence
everywhere unusually long, rather coarse, yellowish-cinereous and
conspicuous, bristling and less dense on the elytra, unusually long
on the abdomen; head finely but deeply, densely punctate, the sides
behind the eyes very feebly converging to the base; antennae thick,
the equal third and fourth joints barely twice as long as wide;
prothorax nearly as long as wide, the apex broadly and deeply
constricted but only very moderately narrowed, the sides very broadly
and feebly rounded, not prominent; surface finely, rather sparsely
punctate, with a smooth median line behind the middle; elytra
short, barely three-fourths longer than wide, strongly tapering from
base to the rather narrowly rounded apex, scarcely one-half wider
than the prothorax, the punctures notably coarse and sparse basally,

224 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

becoming unusually rapidly fine, feeble and close-set posteriorly;
abdomen feebly but rather closely punctulate. Length ( 9 ) 9.0 mm.;

width 3.25 mm. Colorado lanatula n. sp.

Elytra with strong aeneo-cupreous to pure green metallic lustre: third
and fourth antennal joints short, subequal and about twice as long

as wide throughout 9

Elytra with pure deep greenish-blue to violaceous lustre, except in the

pale dimorphic form 13

9 — Elytra strongly tapering from base to the rather narrowly rounded
apex in both sexes, the habitus nearly as in certain species of Donacia,
moderately stout, shining, the elytra aeneo-viridate, the pubescence
coarse but not dense, moderate on the elytra, longer and bristling
anteriorly; head very densely punctate; antennae thick, extending
to apical third of the elytra (c?1); prothorax but slightly shorter than
wide, with moderate, deep and rather sparse punctures, strongly
narrowed and broadly constricted at apex, the sides obtusely prom-
inent before the middle, the smooth median line as usual; elytra
one-half wider than the prothorax to less, rather more than three-
fourths longer than wide, the deep punctures unusually coarse and
widely separated, becoming smaller but strong and well separated
apically ; abdomen very feebly, sparsely punctulate and with moderate
hairs. Length 8.5-9.5 mm.; width 2.9-3.4 mm- California (San

Francisco) subaenea Lee.

Elytra parallel, generally so in both sexes so far as known 10

10 — Elytra cupreous to cupreo-violaceous in lustre, not at all greenish . . 1 1

Elytra metallic green or greenish in lustre 12

II — Body very stout, moderately convex, shining, the pubescence only
moderate in length but very coarse, bristling anteriorly ; head finely,
strongly, very densely punctate, with a subimpunctate and striate
median line, the sides very feebly converging and nearly straight
behind the scarcely prominent eyes; prothorax distinctly wider than
long, relatively rather large, broadly constricted but only moderately
narrowed at apex, the sides obtusely tumid before the middle, the
punctures rather strong and close, becoming very dense laterally,
with a smooth median line to slightly before the middle; elytra
parallel, very broadly, obtusely rounded at apex, not quite twice as
wide as the prothorax, only about three-fifths longer than wide, the
perforate punctures not at all coarse but well separated, becoming
fine though strong and still about as widely separated apically;
one or two narrow impunctate lines are more or less evident except
posteriorly; abdomen sparsely but rather strongly punctulate, with
short darkish and unusually fine and inconspicuous hairs. Length
(9 ) 8.7 mm.; width 3.5 mm. California, — Levette.

corpulenta n. sp.

Body much narrower, smaller and less convex, the pubescence rather
longer, coarse but sparse, bristling anteriorly; head with the punc-
tures very fine, deep and, though very close, well defined and not
confluent, the median line less punctate, broadly so anteriorly, the
stria excessively fine and obsolescent; feebly converging sides very
short behind the rather prominent eyes; prothorax much shorter

CERAMBYCID^E 225

than wide, only very little narrowed and broadly, feebly constricted
at apex, the sides only very slightly tumid before the middle; punc-
tures fine and unevenly sparse, the smooth median line broad; elytra
parallel, arcuately narrowing to the not very obtusely rounded apex
in about apical third, three-fourths longer than wide, one-half wider
than the prothorax, the punctures deep, everywhere equally and
rather widely separated, moderately coarse basally, smaller but
rather strong apically ; abdomen minutely, rather sparsely punctulate
and with short sparse and rather fine cinereous hairs. Length ( 9 )
7.2 mm.; width 2.6 mm. California (San Francisco).

francisca n. sp.

12 — Form oblong, only moderately stout, convex, shining, the vestiture
sparse but long, coarse and bristling; head with fine and close but
distinct punctures, the median line more sparsely punctate; eyes
only slightly prominent; antennae thick, black as usual; prothorax
distinctly shorter than wide, strongly, broadly constricted but only
slightly narrowed at apex, slighly tumid at the sides before the
middle, finely, loosely punctate, with the usual partial smooth line;
elytra parallel, rounding behind only in about apical fourth, three-
fourths longer than wide, fully twice as wide as the prothorax, rather
coarsely, deeply punctate, more finely apically, the punctures every-
where subequally and rather widely separated; abdomen distinctly
but not closely punctate. Length (9) 8.5 mm.; width 2.9 mm.

California (San Francisco), — Dunn californica Lee.

A — Slightly stouter and less elongate, with somewhat shorter vestiture,
more prominent eyes, shorter and broader prothorax, with rather
more sharply tumid sides before the middle and somewhat larger
and closer punctures, the elytra ( 9 ) barely two-thirds longer than
wide and nearly similar in the male, likewise parallel and very
obtusely rounded at tip, a little less than twice as wide as the
prothorax ( 9 ) but fully so (cf ), the punctures not quite so coarse
and rather less widely separated. Length (cf 9) 7.7-8.4 mm.;

width 2.9-3.1 mm. California, — Levette proxima n. subsp.

Form similarly oblong but rather less convex and smaller in size, the
vestiture coarse but notably sparse; head small, convex, with small
but deep and slightly separated punctures, less punctate medially
only toward the antennal line, the eyes moderately prominent;
antennae thick and short; prothorax relatively larger, fully a third
wider than long, only moderately constricted and but slightly
narrowed at apex, the ante-median tumors rather abrupt and strong;
punctures small, sparse, irregularly distributed; elytra two-thirds
longer than wide, three-fourths wider than the prothorax, parallel,
gradually and arcuately narrowing in nearly apical two-fifths, the
apex not very obtuse; punctures moderate, deep and perforate,
separated by about twice their widths, becoming very fine and feeble
apically; abdomen picescent, minutely and loosely punctulate, the
fifth ventral longer than the fourth and rather narrowly rounded at
tip in the type, which has the antennae barely half as long as the body.
T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

226 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Length (9) 6.8 mm.; width 2.5 mm. California (Siskiyou Co.), —
Koebele brevicornis n. sp.

13 — Antennae longer, the third joint about three times as long as wide.
Body larger, more shining, much less punctate anteriorly than usual,
the vestiture short and sparse, moderately coarse on the elytra,
longer, finer, fuscous and bristling on the prothorax; head polished
and with rather small but deep punctures, separated by nearly twice
their diameters, the eyes rather prominent; prothorax about as long
as wide, very much narrowed and with an unusually deep constric-
tion at apex, feebly, broadly and roundly tumid at the sides, the
punctures fine, deep and sparse; elytra parallel, more than three-
fourths longer than wide, not quite twice as wide as the prothorax,
arcuately narrowing in not quite apical third to the transverse apex;
punctures rather small but deep and perforate, everywhere well
separated, becoming very fine and feeble apically; abdomen feebly
and not unusually sparsely punctulate, the fifth ventral in the present
assumed type short. Length (9) 9-8 mm.; width 3.4 mm. Cali-
fornia, (probably from the vicinity of San Francisco Bay). — Levette

subcyanea Lee.

Antennae shorter and relatively thicker as usual, the third and fourth
joints about twice as long as wide; size smaller 14

14 — Form moderately stout ( 9 ), or narrower and with the elytra strongly
tapering (d71), strongly convex and shining; vestiture rather long,
coarse and bristling, cinereous, darker, finer and more elongate-
hispid on the prothorax as usual; head with rather small but strong
and close-set but distinct punctures, the eyes moderately prominent;
antennae extending slightly behind the middle of the elytra (cf ), a
little shorter ( 9 ) ; prothorax about as long as wide, moderately
narrowed and constricted at apex, barely perceptibly and very
broadly tumid at the sides before the middle, finely but deeply,
sparsely punctate; elytra three times as long as the prothorax and
one-half to two-thirds wider, arcuately narrowing in about apical
third to the rather narrowly rounded apex, the punctures rather
coarse, deep, well separated, smaller but still rather strong apically;
color of the elytra throughout either intense blue-green, sometimes
faintly violaceous, or pale red-brown; abdomen less shining, unusually
densely punctulate. Length (cf 9 ) 5.8-8.0 mm.; width 2.25-2.9
mm. California (Trinity River in the Hoopa Valley, Humboldt
Co.). Abundant trinitatis n. sp.

Form nearly similar but a little stouter and rather less convex and shining,
the coarse bristling vestiture similarly cinereous on the elytra and
under surface, but little darker anteriorly; head with moderate
dense punctures, which are in mutual contact or very nearly, the
eyes rather prominent; antennae nearly as in the preceding; prothorax
distinctly shorter than wide, moderately narrowed and deeply
constricted at apex, the ante-median tumidity at the sides broad and
feeble; punctures small but strong, moderately separated; scutellum
densely cinereo-pubescent; elytra nearly as in trinitatis in both sexes
though relatively a little shorter and broader, the punctures well
separated but less coarse and, toward tip, becoming very fine and

CERAMBYCID^ 227

feeble; color dark, with feeble suffused blue or violaceous lustre, the
pale form not at hand; abdomen more sparsely punctulate, incon-
spicuously pubescent. Length (cf 9 ) 7.3-8.3 mm.; width 2.5-

3.1 mm. California (Sta. Cruz Mts.), — Harford caerulea n. sp.

A — Similar to the preceding, except that the antennae are a little longer;
the prothorax is as long as wide, the vestiture throughout slightly
longer and bright flavescent throughout on the elytra, legs and
under surface, the scutellum densely flavo-pubescent, the elytral
punctures more distinct apically and the abdominal punctulation
somewhat denser; the legs and tarsi are longer. Length (c?)
8.2 mm.; width 2.8 mm. Locality identical.. . chalybea n. subsp.
15 — Head subtumid basally, shining and not densely punctate. Rather
narrowly parallel, not very convex, shining anteriorly, the elytra
alutaceous, almost opaque posteriorly; pubescence long, coarse but
nowhere dense ; head moderate, finely punctate, the punctures distinct
and separated, the broad and ill-defined median line impunctate;
eyes not very prominent; antennae short, thick; prothorax a third
wider than long, but little narrowed at apex though broadly and
strongly constricted, the sides before the middle roundly and gradu-
ally distinctly tumid; punctures very fine and sparse, the median
smooth line irregular though subentire, the long coarse hairs yellowish
like those of the elytra; scutellum not densely, obscurely pubescent;
elytra obscure subcupreous, parallel, fully three-fourths longer than
wide and three-fourths wider than the prothorax, feebly and arcuately
narrowing behind to the rather obtusely rounded apex; punctures
not coarse but deep, rather close-set, becoming distinctly asperulate
and feeble, with the surface subrugose, apically; abdomen very
minutely and feebly, sparsely punctulate. Length (9) 6.2 mm.;

width 2.6 mm. California (Calaveras Co.) tumidiceps n. sp.

Head nearly flat above, strongly, very densely punctate and dull; elytral
punctures finer apically than basally but not asperulate, the surface

not becoming duller in lustre 16

16 — Last antennal joint (cf) unusually long, abruptly narrowed in nearly
apical half and thence much narrower to the tip. Body not very
stout, moderately convex and shining, the vestiture everywhere
pale yellowish-cinereous, coarse, hispid and distinct, moderate in
length; head moderate, the eyes rather well developed and promi-
nent; antennae (cf) thick, extending well behind the middle of the
elytra; prothorax unusually elongate, fully as long as wide, barely
wider than the head, considerably narrowed at apex and strongly
constricted and margined, the ante-medial tumorosity at the sides
very broad and barely evident, strongly convex, the punctures
small, very deep, perforate and close-set but rather abruptly be-
coming very broadly sparse toward the middle, the narrow im-
punctate line extending almost to the constriction; scutellum closely,
finely cinereo-pubescent; elytra obscure steel-blue, not quite three
times as long as the prothorax and three-fourths wider, tapering
from base to the rather broadly and obtusely rounded apex, the
punctures deep, moderately coarse, separated by but little more
than their diameters, finer apically; abdominal punctulation un-

228 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

usually dense, the fifth ventral in the male a little longer than the
fourth but very broadly arcuate. Length (cf) 8.3 mm.; width

2.9 mm. California (Lake Co.), — Fuchs protensicollis n. sp.

Last antennal joint normal in both sexes, never more than faintly sug-
gesting the structure observable in protensicollis 17

17 — Lateral tumorosity of the prothorax rather small and abrupt,
distinct though obtuse and not strong. Body stout, rather convex
and shining, black, the elytra and abdomen pale red-brown in the
type, the legs piceous-black; pubescence everywhere coarse and
pale yellowish, short on the elytra, long and conspicuous, though
only moderately dense, on the head and prothorax; head and eyes
moderate, the antennae short and thick; prothorax distinctly shorter
than wide, moderately narrowed and broadly constricted at apex,
the punctures fine, close, sparser medially and with others larger
sparsely intermingled, the impunctate line very gradually broadening
basally; elytra scarcely two-thirds longer than wide, feebly tapering
from the humeri, rather rapidly and arcuately narrowed in about apical
third, the apex rather narrowly though obtusely rounded; punctures
somewhat close-set and coarse though of unequal size basally,
becoming finer but still very distinct apically; pale red-brown of the
surface becoming nubilously and faintly blackish suturally, except
basally, and also along the side margins in a broad vitta, uniting
at apex with the median darker cloud; abdomen moderately punc-
tulate. Length (9) 9.0 mm.; width 3.3 mm. California (Gilroy

Springs) robustula n. sp.

Lateral swelling of the prothorax extremely broad and feeble, barely

> detectible 1 8

1 8 — Body moderately large, rather stout, convex, moderately shining,
black, the elytra with feeble green metallic lustre, the abdomen
black in the male, wholly ferruginous in the female; vestiture pale
yellowish throughout, unusually long, coarse and conspicuous,
rather dense on the head and prothorax, the former moderate, with
but feebly prominent eyes; antennae (cf) thick, extending barely at
all behind the middle of the elytra, or ( 9 ) similar but relatively
shorter; prothorax relatively large, a little wider than long, distinctly
wider than the head in both sexes, moderately narrowed and strongly,
rather abruptly constricted apically, the punctures strong, slightly
separated, the narrow smooth line not quite entire; elytra feebly
tapering, nearly parallel in the female, obtusely rounded at apex,
two-thirds to three-fourths longer than wide, one-half to two-
thirds wider than the prothorax, the punctures not coarse but very
deep, rather close-set throughout, smaller but distinct apically;
abdomen rather densely punctulate, with conspicuous coarse pale
pubescence. Length (cf 9 ) 9.2-10.2 mm.; width 3.2-4.0 mm.

California, — Levette hirsuta n. sp.

Body much smaller and relatively much narrower than usual, the elytra
strongly tapering and cuneiform, rather narrowly rounded at tip,
black, the elytra moderately metallic green to sometimes partially
cupreous; abdomen black, rather narrowly tapering, distinctly
but not densely punctulate and with finer sparse cinereous hairs;

CERAMBYCID/E 229

vestiture above cinereous, coarse, moderate in length on the elytra,
more yellowish, long and silky, though not dense, and subdecumbent
on the head and pronotum; head nearly as wide as the prothorax,
with notably prominent eyes, the antennae thick, nearly as in the
preceding; prothorax nearly a fourth wider than long, rather strongly
narrowed and deeply constricted at apex, unusually finely, rather
sparsely punctured, the impunctate line in about basal half broad;
scutellum densely yellowish-pubescent; elytra with rather small but
deep, somewhat close-set punctures, becoming fine and closer api-
cally. Length (cf ) 6.6-7.5 mm.; width 2.2-2.8 mm. California,—
Levette lepidula n. sp.

19 — Form oblong-parallel, moderately convex and shining, black, the
elytra somewhat piceous-black, generally faintly dark blue basally
but sometimes pallescent and occasionally red-brown with a broad
entire indefinite sutural vitta and another marginal and not at-
taining the base, the two uniting at the apex, the abdomen black to
ferruginous, apparently in both sexes; pubescence coarse, yellowish,
dense, darker, erect and less conspicuous anteriorly; head finely, very
densely punctate, the eyes moderately prominent; antennae moder-
ately short and thick, a little more slender and ferruginous (c?1), the
third joint somewhat more than twice as long as wide; prothorax
not quite as long as wide to distinctly transverse, only slightly
narrowed but rather strongly constricted at apex, finely but deeply,
sparsely punctate; elytra very rapidly and obtusely rounded at tip,
the parallel sides broadly sinuate behind the humeri, twice as wide
as the prothorax and between three and four times as long, rather
coarsely and closely, very deeply punctate, more finely but distinctly
behind, the surface generally with two partial and less punctate
lines traceable; abdomen moderately punctulate, with unusually
short and sparse pubescence; male with the fifth ventral no longer
than the fourth, very broadly arcuate; female with this segment a
little longer than the fourth and very evidently more narrowly
rounded; body rather shorter in the former. Length (c?1 9 ) 7.0-9.6
mm.; width 2.3-3.8 mm. California (Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras
Co.), — Blaisdell versicolor n. sp.

Form very stout, the hind body somewhat as in bivittata, fusco-testaceous,
pallidly pubescent; prothorax shorter than wide, the sides parallel
posteriorly, rounded anteriorly, the apex narrowed and constricted,
densely punctate, with a median smooth space, especially posteriorly;
elytra broad, convex, sparsely punctate, more finely behind, toward
base irregular, having indistinct smooth lines, giving the appearance
of faint longitudinal stripes, of which the inner runs obliquely forward
toward the humerus, so as to tend to unite with the others; an-
tennae and legs dark piceous, the former rather stout, with the third
and fourth joints equal. Length 9.0 mm. California., .pinguis Lee.

There can be but little doubt, so far as now apparent, of the
distinctness of most of the forms above defined, though, on the
whole, there is marked monotony; some, such as sub&nea, seem to

230 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

be very constant in color; others, such as trinitatis, are dimorphic
in that respect, while some at least, such as versicolor, are very con-
fusingly inconstant, not only in coloration but in size and somewhat
in outline. Pinguis probably belongs to the same section as versi-
color, but differs apparently in the denser thoracic punctures, as
well as the shorter and broader elytra, those of versicolor being
scarcely at all suggestive of bivittata. Atra and morata constitute a
rather well denned subgeneric group. Mollipilosa, lugens and pin-
guis are defined above from the original diagnoses.

Leptacmaeops n. gen.

This genus differs from the preceding very much in general
habitus, due to the elongate form of the body and the long filiform
antennae. We have two subgeneric groups as follows:

Prothorax always distinctly constricted at apex; size moderate, the
anterior parts never, the elytra frequently, paler in color. .Group I

Prothorax not constricted at apex and pale in color, the elytra always
black; size much smaller Group II

These groups are very unequal in extent, the second comprising
but a single species at present.

Group I.

Subgenus Leptacmaeops in sp.

Under this title are to be included a large number of species and
subspecies, frequently rather closely allied among themselves and
sometimes exhibiting a chromatic dimorphism, similar to that noted
in trinitatis of the preceding genus; they are definable in a fairly
satisfactory manner as follows :

Elytra distinctly modified at base by an abrupt coarseness or marked

sparsity of the punctures, this area in the black forms usually bright

red 2

Elytra not modified in basal sculpture 10

2 — Prothorax very short before the ante-medial lateral prominences,

which are feeble and rounded as usual 3

Prothorax notably produced at apex, the constriction less abruptly

formed, with its bottom broadly rounded in concavity 8

3 — Elytra always notably more than twice as long as wide; fifth antennal

joint very much longer than the first 4

Elytra barely more than twice as long as wide; antennae shorter though

similarly slender, the fifth joint not distinctly longer than the first;

size very much smaller 9

CERAMBYCID^E 23 1

4 — Prothorax stout, very much narrowed at apex 5

Prothorax relatively narrower, less conical, only very moderately nar-
rowed at apex 6

5 — Tempora much retracted and converging, shining and less punctate
behind the eyes, which are notably prominent; vestiture moderate,
the head and pronotum finely, sparsely and very inconspicuously
pubescent (cf ), or moderately closely and densely but much more
conspicuously (9). Female parallel, rather wide and but slightly
convex, only feebly shining, the head and prothorax with rather
small, very dense punctures, the elytra strongly, rather closely
punctate behind the red basal region, which is posteriorly dilated
at the sides as usual, the punctures becoming finer, denser and sub-
rugulose apically; pubescence of the head shorter than that of the
pronotum, on the latter deep golden in color, short, subdecumbent
and yellowish-cinereous on the elytra; antennae slender, pale through-
out, extending to apical two-fifths of the elytra, the third joint* as
long as the fifth, a little longer than the fourth; elytra evidently
less than twice as wide as the prothorax and barely four times as
long, abruptly very obtuse at apex, the latter becoming transverse
toward the slightly prominent sutural angles; under surface finely,
closely punctulate and with short even cinereous hairs, the meso-
and metasternal parapleura abruptly clothed with longer, dense and
brilliant white pubescence. Length (9) 9-5 mm.; width 2.7 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Mts.) basalis Lee.

A — Nearly similar but much smaller in size, the antennae (cf ) ex-
tending to apical third of the elytra, or ( 9 ) slightly behind the
middle of the latter, which are black, with red base in less, or
entirely pale and not darker even at apex in more, than half the
examples, without intermediates in color, the antennae piceous-
black, with the two basal joints pale; thoracic vestiture almost
wanting (cf), or rather long, coarse and condensed medially in
two longitudinal areas as in basalis, though darker and more fulvous
in color (9); sculpture and general form similar, the elytra
parallel (9), narrower and distinctly tapering (cf); parapleura
of the hind body similarly densely clothed with longer pubescence,
which is however yellowish and not pure white. Length 6.8-
8.2 mm.; width 1.9-2.5 mm. California (Sta. Barbara), — Dunn.

Abundant dichroma n. subsp.

Tempora slightly shining though rather strongly punctate, much less
retracted and nearly parallel behind the eyes, which are less prom-
inent; body (cf ) much larger, nearly similar to basalis in sculpture
and color throughout, the elytra black, red at base; legs as in di-
chroma, the anterior red with black tarsi, the two posterior black,
with the femora testaceous in basal three-fourths and half respec-
tively; in the female of basalis similar, except that the entire hind legs
are black; pubescence of the head and prothorax longer, coarser,
denser and more conspicuous than in any of the preceding, yellow-
fulvous in color, the median line of the pronotum in a deep valley
between the lines of dense heaped-up vestiture; antennae blackish,
the two basal joints pale, slender, extending but little beyond the

232 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

middle of the elytra, the latter evenly tapering from base to apex,
not more than one-half wider than the prothorax and fully four
times as long, the sutural angles finely and minutely dentiform;
under surface densely yellowish-pubescent. Length (cf) 10.5 mm.;
width 3.0 mm. California (Sta. Barbara), — Dunn., .cuneata n. sp.

Tempora nearly as in the preceding but more retracted because of the
more prominent eyes; body stout, more convex than in any of the
preceding, with nearly similar sculpture, black, the elytra pale tawny-
yellow to slightly piceous, always with a black marginal streak
behind the humeri, the apices constantly rather broadly margined
with black; pubescence more developed than in any other species,
very long dense coarse and golden-yellow to fulvous anteriorly,
especially in the female, short and more cinereous on the elytra,
the longitudinal thoracic heaps of pubescence less widely separated
than in cuneata, the tempora differing in being also densely yellow-
* pubescent like the rest of the surface; pale basal area of the elytra
less distinct because of the paler color, the elytra but feebly tapering
in the male; under surface densely cinereo-pubescent, less so in the
male, the parapleura conspicuously albido-pubescent; legs colored
nearly as in cuneata. Length 8.0-10.0 mm.; width 2.5-3.0 mm.
California (Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras Co.), — Blaisdell.

auricollis n. sp.

6 — Tempora finely, closely punctured, not or scarcely more shining than
the rest of the surface. Body slender, moderately convex, black,
the elytra pale yellow, tipped with black, the legs colored as in
basalis; head and prothorax finely, densely punctate, the former with
short and moderately close, the latter with barely longer and closer
and almost uniformly distributed, dark yellow pubescence, not dis-
tinctly heaped up near the feebly depressed median line; tempora
arcuately converging behind the distinctly prominent eyes; antennae
slender, black, the basal joint yellow, the third not quite so long as
the fifth ; prothorax rather longer than wide, strongly, subcylindrically
convex, with a short broad impunctate spot behind the centre;
elytra less than twice as wide as the prothorax, the punctures notably
strong throughout, finer apically, rather coarse basally; under surface
not densely cinereo-pubescent, the parapleura with dense white
decumbent hairs as usual. Length 6.8 mm.; width 1.75 mm.
California (Calaveras Co. — the locality unrecorded).

elegantula n. sp.

Tempora almost completely impunctate, highly polished and conspicu-
ous 7

7 — Form slender, rather convex, shining, deep black, the elytra with four
small red spots at base, the legs black, the anterior femora and tibiae
and the middle femora basally red; antennae rufo-piceous, the two
basal joints entirely testaceous; punctures of the head and pro-
thorax small, very dense on the former, distinctly separated on
the latter, of the elytra rather small, deep and close-set, becoming
rapidly sparse and coarse near the base; tempora moderately re-
tracted, only feebly converging and then rounded to the base;
antennae slender, extending to apical fifth of the elytra, the third

CERAMBYCID^E 233

joint unusually long, distinctly longer than the fifth, the second one-
half longer than wide; prothorax longer than wide, deeply constricted
at apex, broadly rounded and feebly swollen at the sides to the basal
constriction, between which and the middle the median line is
broadly impunctate; pubescence very short, sparse and incon-
spicuous; elytra feebly tapering from the base, obtusely rounded
conjointly at tip, one-half wider than the prothorax and less than
four times as long, the hairs very short, rather coarse, sparse and
cinereous; under surface with rather long sparse and decumbent
cinereous hairs, dense and slightly yellowish on the parapleura.
Length (cf ) 8.5 mm.; width 2.2 mm. California (Sta. Cruz Mts.)-
Harford quadrinotata n. sp.

Form still more slender, similar to the preceding, except that the posterior
angle of the tempora is more acute and prominent, the antennae
deeper black, with only the basal joint testaceous though black on
its inner face, very nearly as long as the body, the third joint much
shorter, being distinctly shorter than the fifth, the second but
little longer than wide, the prothorax narrower, rather more sharply
swollen at the sides, and only near to slightly before the middle,
the impunctate line attaining the base, the pubescence similarly
feeble and very sparse throughout; elytra entirely black, not at
all red at base and with the distal punctures finer, closer and more
asperulate, the apex similarly obtusely subtruncate; dense vestiture
of the parapleura of the hind body pure white. Length (cf ) 7.0
mm.; width 1.8 mm. California, — Levette tenuis n. sp.

8 — Rather slender and but very moderately convex, grayish-black
throughout, with the elytra constantly red at base, or, wholly pale
yellow-brown; legs as in quadrinotota, except that the hind femora
are slightly rufous at base; head throughout as in that species,
the tempora similarly very shining and the pubescence short and
inconspicuous; antennae piceo-rufous, the two basal joints testa-
ceous, long and slender; prothorax elongate, tumidulously swollen
at the sides before the middle, convex, finely, densely punctate,
the pubescence very short, sparse and inconspicuous throughout
(cf), slightly denser ( 9 ); apical margin more arcuate than usual;
elytra as in quadrinotata, except in basal coloration, the under
surface similar; fifth ventral (cf ) longer than the fourth and strongly
rounded as usual, the apex narrowly and feebly sinuate and the
surface apically feebly impressed. Length (cf 9 ) 6.8-9.0 mm.;
width 1.85-2.2 mm. California (Lake Co.), — Fuchs.

temporalis n. sp.

9 — Female rather slender, moderately convex, shining, black, the elytra
wholly pale brownish-yellow in the type; head very densely punc-
tate and feebly pubescent, the retracted tempora rapidly converging
behind the eyes, shining and sparsely punctate but only on the
flanks, not shining from above, the antennae attaining the middle
of the elytra, colored as in tenuis; prothorax barely at all longer
than wide, narrow, the sides broadly and feebly rounded between
the constrictions, the punctures relatively coarser than usual and
slightly separated, the pubescence short, sparse and wholly incon-

234 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

spicuous; scutellum narrow, pointed, black; elytra rather strongly
punctate, almost impunctate at base, the punctures very fine,
feeble and rather sparse apically; legs black, variegated with tes-
taceous as in basalis; fifth ventral ( 9 ) not longer than the fourth
and very broadly arcuate at apex. Length (9) 5-2 mm.; width
1.5 mm. California, — Levette minima n. sp.

10 — Form more convex, the integuments thick, intense black throughout,
strongly sculptured and almost glabrous; apical constriction of the
prothorax feeble 1 1

Form more elongate and less convex, with thinner integument 12

II — Body moderately stout, convex, densely black throughout, the
anterior legs, excepting the tarsi, and the other legs black, the femora
rufescent at base; head well developed, parallel, rather transverse,
very densely punctate and opaque throughout, the tempora barely
at all less prominent than the eyes, straight and parallel for some
distance behind them, then rounded to the broad neck; antennae
inserted as usual in the genus, slender, rufo-piceous throughout, as
long as the body in the male, the fourth joint slightly shorter than
the third, the fifth distinctly longer; eyes rather small, minutely
faceted and entire, only moderately prominent; prothorax barely at
all wider than the head, slightly transverse, distinctly narrower at
apex than at base, prominently rounded at the sides medially,
biconstricted, strongly and densely punctate, with a narrow smooth
polished and unimpressed median line almost to the apex, the
pubescence very inconspicuous, minute; elytra rather more than
twice as long as wide, one-half wider than the prothorax, evenly
tapering from base to the conjointly evenly rounded apex, the
sutural angles rounded; punctures coarse, deep, slightly less coarse
apically, separated by two to three times their diameters, the hairs
minute and scarcely visible; legs slender. Length (c/1) 9.0 mm. ;
width 2.8 mm. California (Sta. Cruz Co.). A female from Nevada
is stouter, with relatively smaller anterior parts and broader and
perfectly parallel, more coarsely sculptured elytra, less prominent
tempora, smaller and more angulate lateral prominences of the
prothorax and shorter antennae; it may be conspecific. [Leptura
cubitalis Lee.] cubitalis Lee.

Body less stout, similarly colored throughout and with generally similar
sculpture, but with much longer and more evident pubescence and
less elongate male antennae, these being more testaceous, not quite
as long as the body and with much less elongate joints; head differing
in having the tempora very much less prominent than the relatively
larger and more convex eyes, converging and prominently rounding
to the narrower neck; prothorax nearly similar in form and sculpture
but less coarsely punctate and with the coarse recumbent pale hairs
much more conspicuous; elytra narrower, less than one-half wider
than the prothorax, two and one-half times as long as wide, still
more coarsely and less sparsely punctate, the hairs, though very
short, decidedly more distinct than in cubitalis. Length (cf)
7.0-8.2 mm.; width 1.9-2.4 mm. California (San Diego). [Ac-
variipes Csy.] variipes Csy.

CERAMBYCID^E 235

12— Prothorax never longer, and generally distinctly shorter than wide;
elytra usually uniform in color, deep black as a rule 13

Prothorax always somewhat longer than wide; elytra vittate 20

13 — Basal angles of the prothorax small and, though acute, never pro-
longed beyond the longitudinal line limiting the median arcuation
of the sides 14

Basal angles very acute and laterally prolonged beyond the line of the
median arcuation, the prothorax more narrowed from base to apex,
or more campanulate 15

14 — Color black throughout the body, legs and antennae, except the
humeral angles of the elytra, which are red; pubescence ashy, rather
long and moderately close, partially erect, shorter, coarser and
sparser on the elytra, though conspicuous; head and prothorax very
densely punctate and dull, the former subquadrate, the tempora
but little less prominent than the eyes, parallel for a short distance,
then strongly rounding; antennae slender, nearly as long as the body
in the male; prothorax barely wider than long, not conspicuously
narrowed at apex, rounded at the sides medially, the constrictions
evident but not deep; smooth median line virtually obliterated,
finely striiform submedially; elytra two-fifths wider than the pro-
thorax, rapidly tapering, rather more than twice as long as wide,
rounding at apex, with obtuse sutural angles, the punctures rather
coarse, unusually close, becoming dense suturad, the sutural bead
not more densely pubescent; abdomen finely, rather closely punctate
and loosely clothed with long hairs, the fifth segment (c?) narrowly
sinuato-truncate at apex and with the surface impressed medially
toward tip. Length (c?) 8.5 mm.; width 2.8 mm. Oregon.
[Acmceops militaris Lee.] militaris Lee.

Color deep black throughout, with the anterior tibiae and tarsi alone paler
and obscure testaceous, the entire elytra, legs and antennae through-
out occasionally pale ochreo-testaceous, at least in the male, the
abdomen always black, sometimes pale at the extreme tip; head and
prothorax densely punctate but less so and less dull than in the pre-
ceding species, the elytral punctures much coarser and more widely
separated, becoming more rapidly and decidedly smaller from base
to apex; head in both sexes with more prominent eyes and more ob-
liquely rounding, much less prominent tempora than in militaris; pro-
thorax more decidedly transverse and with relatively more narrowed
apex and deeper constrictions; elytra nearly similar in form, rapidly
tapering throughout in the male, or just visibly in the female; elytral
suture not more densely pubescent; pubescence long, abundant,
erect and bristling on the head and prothorax, sparser, less elongate
and more reclining on the elytra, becoming bristling and erect only
toward base. Length (c? 9 ) 9.0-10.0 mm.; width 2.8-3.1 mm.
Washington State to Montana (Helena — W. M. Mann) and
Wyoming (Yellowstone Park). [Acmceops stibpilosa Lee.].

subpilosa Lee.

15 — Sutural bead of the elytra conspicuously and densely albido-
pubescent, the hairs elsewhere very small, fine and inconspicuous,
longer at apex and the side margins. Body only moderately slender,

236 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

the elytra very moderately cuneiform, black throughout, the tarsi
sometimes piceous, the anterior tibiae and tarsi and the antennae
testaceous, the basal joint of the latter infuscate; head and prothorax
strongly and densely punctate, only slightly shining and bristling with
pale fulvous erect or suberect hairs, the former with prominent eyes
and much less prominent tempora, which are parallel (cf ) to oblique
( 9 ) ; antennae long and slender, four-fifths as long as the body in the
male, not differing much sexually ; prothorax distinctly transverse, the
apex much narrowed and with deep constriction, the narrow smooth
median line obliterated before the middle; basal angles but very
moderately prolonged trarfsversely ; elytra nearly as in the preceding
but with the rather coarse punctures very widely spaced, being
separated by three to five times their own diameters, becoming
but slightly smaller apically but notably smaller and closer on the
basal swelling near the scutellum; surface strongly shining; abdomen
rather finely, closely punctate and with moderate hairs; legs rather
long, slender. Length (cf 9 ) 10.5-11.0 mm.; width 3.5 mm.
Washington State nitidipennis n. sp.

Sutural bead not clothed differently from the general surface, the pu-
bescence of which is rather short, reclined, coarse, pale and distinct. 16

16 — Tempora but very little less prominent than the eyes, which are not
very convex or prominent. Body deep black throughout, the legs
picescent distally, the anterior tibiae and tarsi testaceous; antennae
rufo-piceous, with the basal joint black anteriorly, pale posteriorly,
slender, two-thirds as long as the body in the female; head and pro-
thorax extremely densely but not very finely punctate and slightly
shining, the former subquadrate, the tempora feebly oblique behind
the eyes ( 9 ) ; prothorax but slightly transverse, strongly narrowed
at apex and distinctly bi-impressed, the sides arcuate between the
constrictions; surface somewhat swollen at each side of the median
line, which is smooth in the type only in a small dash just behind the
middle; pubescence denuded in the type; elytra much wider than
the prothorax, moderately cuneiform, more than twice as long as
wide, the punctures moderately coarse, close-set, the surface trans-
versely subrugose by anteriorly oblique light; abdomen minutely,
feebly, rather closely punctulate, shining. Length (9) 9-5 mm.;
width 2.9 mm. Unlabeled in Levette collection . .intermedia n. sp.

Tempora in both sexes much less prominent than the eyes, which are
more prominent and strongly convex; body and legs colored as in
intermedia 17

17 — Tempora oblique and nearly straight behind the eyes, apparently
in both sexes 1 8

Tempora parallel and straight for a rather long distance behind the eyes,
at least in the male 19

18 — Body nearly as in the preceding but larger and with longer pubescence;
head relatively smaller, densely punctate, the tempora converging
and very short behind the eyes, then very broadly arcuate, then
sinuate to the neck, which is much narrower; antennae (9) nearly
similar; prothorax still more transverse and strongly campanulate,
much wider than the head, the basal angles unusually prolonged

CERAMBYCID.E 237

laterally and the apex relatively narrower; pubescence conspicuously
condensed along each side of the middle, coarse and yellowish, the
erect hairs numerous; punctures dense, the constrictions very dis-
tinct; elytra less cuneiform, broader, with moderate and unusually
closely placed punctures, the surface not rugulose transversely;
pubescence denser than usual, coarse, reclined, yellowish-cinereous,
longer, more erect and bristling toward base; abdomen finely punc-
tulate, with distinct inclined ashy pubescence; legs very slender;
basal joint of the hind tarsi two-fifths of the whole. Length (9)
n.o mm.; width 3.5 mm. Unlabeled in Levette collection — prob-
ably Oregon. [Acmceops lupina Lee.] lupina Lee.

Body nearly as in intermedia but smaller and with sparser and coarser
sculpture; pubescence yellowish-cinereous, erect and bristling on the
anterior parts but evenly distributed and not dense, unusually short,
depressed, coarse and rather sparse though distinct on the elytra;
head scarcely narrower than the prothorax in either sex, densely and
rather coarsely but shallowly punctate, the tempora converging
and somewhat arcuate for a longer distance behind the eyes, then
much more abruptly narrowed to the neck, which is nearly as in
lupina and narrower than in intermedia; prothorax throughout nearly
as in the latter species; elytra smaller, being narrower and shorter,
similar otherwise, except that the punctures are much coarser,
deep and separated by rather more than their own diameters;
abdomen black throughout, finely, rather sparsely punctulate.
Length (cf 9 ) 8.8-9.0 mm.; width 2.7 mm. Washington State.

pugetana n. sp.

19 — Moderately slender, convex, grayish-black, the abdomen more or
less rufescent posteriorly, the legs as usual in this group; pubescence
decidedly yellow, less so and shorter, decumbent and not dense on
the elytra, unusually long, coarse, reclined, close and conspicuous
on the head and prothorax, which are very densely punctate and dull,
the former not differing much sexually, subquadrate, with unusually
convex eyes, which are much more prominent than the parallel
tempora, the latter broadly rounding posteriorly to the neck;
antennae (cf ) three-fourths as long as the body, slender, piceous-
black; prothorax wider than long, much more so in the female,
moderately narrowed and well constricted at apex, the acute basal
angles only moderately produced laterally; elytra as in the preceding
species, cuneiform and slightly more elongate (cf ), subparallel (9 ),
strongly and closely punctate, the punctures less coarse and denser
posteriorly; abdomen minutely, sparsely punctulate and shining as
usual in the preceding species, the fifth segment (cf ) broadly and
feebly concave from the apex beyond the middle. Length (cf 9 )
9.5-10.0 mm. ; width 2.8-3.0 mm. Utah quadriceps n. sp.

20 — Abdomen dull, very densely and finely punctate and closely pu-
bescent. Body (9) rather larger than usual, black, the legs as in
the preceding species of this subgenus, the elytra pale testaceous, a
sutural, marginal and very faint discal vitta infuscate; pubescence
short, sparse and inconspicuous, minute on the elytra; head
densely punctate and dull, the eyes moderate or rather small, the

238 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

tempora feebly oblique and arcuate behind them and barely less
prominent; antennae (9 ) slender, dusky-testaceous, three-fourths as
long as the body; prothorax much larger than the head, barely at all
longer than wide, much narrowed and strongly, obtusely constricted
at apex, the sides notably and subangularly prominent just before
the middle; surface strongly, densely punctate, less closely medially,
distinctly swollen at each side of the middle, especially before the
basal constriction; elytra large, two and one-half times as long as
the head and prothorax, four-fifths wider than the latter, feebly
cuneiform, the apices subtruncate but without external angulation,
the punctures deeply impressed, widely separated, very coarse
basally, becoming remarkably fine apically. Male much smaller
and 'more slender than the female, the thoracic and abdominal punc-
tures smaller and not so dense. Length (9cf) 10.3-11.7 mm.
width 2.75-3.8. mm. Colorado — Levette and New Mexico (Sandia
Mts.), — Wirt Robinson punctiventris n. sp.

Abdomen shining, finely, feebly and not densely punctulate, not densely
pubescent 21

21 — Head quadrate, the straight parallel tempora scarcely at all less
prominent than the eyes, rounding rather abruptly at base to the
neck, very densely punctate. Body more slender, black, the anterior
versicolored legs as usual, the elytra dusky, with a pale discal vitta
on each, becoming obsolete posteriorly, and another, narrower,
feebler and more apical and external; vestiture throughout very
short, sparse and inconspicuous; head fully as wide as the prothorax,
slightly transverse, the antennae (cf ) slender, four-fifths as long as
the body, testaceous, with the basal joint dusky; prothorax slightly
elongate, the rounded apex moderately narrowed and broadly con-
stricted, the sides rather prominent but obtuse medially; surface
nearly as in the preceding, shining but with the strong punctures
close throughout, excepting the smooth narrow median line; elytra
cuneiform, three-fifths wider than the prothorax, not quite twice as
long as the head and prothorax, the punctures nearly similar but
less coarse and more perforate; abdomen deep black throughout,
the fifth segment (cf ) with a small apical concavity. Length (cf )
10.5 mm.; width 3.0 mm. Colorado. [Leptura longicornis Kirby].

longicornis Kirby

Head much smaller, the tempora obliquely and broadly arcuate from the
eyes to the neck, the eyes relatively more prominent though moderate
in size 22

22 — Body slender (cf ), or rather stout, with parallel elytra (9 ), colored
and clothed as in longicornis, the pale vittae of the elytra variable in
extent and similarly nubilous; head nearly similar in the sexes,
though relatively smaller in the female, densely punctate; antennae
very slender, almost as long as the body (cf ), distinctly shorter ( 9 ) ;
prothorax nearly as in the preceding but smaller and barely as long
as wide, the swelling of the surface at each side of the middle ob-
solescent, the punctures throughout rather well separated, denser in
the female; elytra cuneiform (cf) or parallel (9), the punctures
nearly as in punctiventris but relatively less minute apically; fifth

CERAMBYCID^E 239

ventral (cf) not impressed apically. Length (cf 9 ) 9.5-10.3 mm.;
width 2.4-3.1 mm. Colorado. Levette collection. [Acmccops ligata

Lee.] ligata Lee.

Body nearly as in the preceding in outline but smaller and with less
abbreviated and much more evident pubescence above, and espe-
cially on the abdomen, where it is closer though not dense as it is in
puncliventris; head and prothorax in form and sculpture nearly as
in ligata, the tempora still more oblique and the eyes somewhat
more prominent; antennae (9) pale in color throughout, slightly
shorter than in the preceding; elytra very pale flavo-testaceous, a
rather abrupt narrow common sutural vitta black, the apices
similarly narrowly truncate, with broadly rounded external and
sharply denned sutural angles, the punctures similar, though rela-
tively finer apically ; legs very pale testaceous throughout in the type,
the under surface wholly deep black. Length (9 ) 8.4 mm.; width
2.75 mm. Colorado (Veta Pass), — Schwarz alticola n. sp.

The species described by LeConte under the name Acmceops
vincta, I have not seen; it is entirely similar to ligata, according to
the descriptions, but with denser thoracic sculpture. Dorsalis Lee.,
is also unknown to me; it is united with subpilosa by LeConte
(Sm. Misc. Coll., 264, p. 209) but I suspect erroneously, as the author
also united lupina with subpilosa at the same time, these species
being amply different and not at all synonymous. Marginalis Lee.,
may be a true synonym of longicornis, as stated (1. c.), since the
extent of the pale vittation of the elytra is variable to some extent,
as noted above under ligata. Leptura spuria Lee., also belongs to
this subgenus of Leptacmceops, but I have no example before me at
present; it seems closely allied to subpilosa, but is not the same as
militaris as stated by G. H. Horn. In punctiventris there is fre-
quently only the black sutural vitta, extending from base virtually
to the apex, where it is much narrowed.

The locality Sta. Cruz Co., given under the original description
of variipes (Ann. N. Y. Acad., VI, p. 38) was taken from a specimen
of the series bearing this definite label; others had simply " Cal "
as a label, one of which, the type, I find had a minute label con-
cealed by the other and bearing the initials " S. D." Variipes may
be a simple variety of cubitalis, but closer observation seems to
show that it is probably a distinct, though very closely allied
species.

240 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Group II.
Subgenus Acmaeopsilla nov.

A single very small and slender species of peculiar and extremely
constant coloration, alone constitutes this subgenus of Leptacmoeops
as follows:

Body narrow and convex, alutaceous in lustre, black, the head before
the antennae, the prothorax and occasionally the tip of the abdomen
red; legs black throughout; pubescence anteriorly extremely minute,
sparse and scarcely visible, longer, pale and more distinct on the
elytra and abdomen, close on the latter; head very densely punctate,
with well developed and very convex eyes, the tempora much less
prominent, parallel, then rounding to the base, polished and puncture-
less as in the basalis group; antennae slender, piceous-black, fully
as long as the body; prothorax slightly elongate, narrower than the
head, much narrower at apex than at base, broadly rounded at the
sides, without trace of apical constriction, the basal broadly im-
pressed and distinct; punctures very fine, sparse, the surface evenly
and strongly convex throughout; elytra one-half wider than the
prothorax and more than three times as long, feebly cuneiform,
rounded at apex, the punctures close-set, rather strong basally, fine
apically; legs very slender. Length (d71 9 ) 5-7-6.5 mm.; width 1.7-
1.8 mm. California (San Diego). [Acmceops falsa Lee.]. falsa Lee.

Sexual differences seem to be very slight, the elytra of the male
being somewhat more cuneate and narrowly, individually rounded
at apex; in the female they are obliquely subtruncate.

Acmseops Lee.

The type of this genus as intended by LeConte (Agassiz L. Sup.
235), is either Pachyta discoidea Hald., or Leptura proteus Kirby,
those species of his Division A being rather Gaurotes than Acmceops,
as before stated and typified by Pacyhta thoracica Hald. Acmceops,
as here limited, includes small species with moderately elongate,
slender antennae and very diversified prothorax, this part in directa
being almost a counterpart of that characterizing falsa of the
preceding genus, but in all cases the more extended gense and epis-
toma produce a narrowed and elongate form of the head before the
eyes, which is quite different from anything known in Leptacmceops
and remindful of Ophistomis, especially in the extreme form de-
veloped in the holsubarctic pratensis. The various groups and
specific forms can be noted in the following table:

CERAMBYCHXE 241

Prothorax evenly and strongly convex, the apex with an elevated and
acute marginal bead, behind which there is only an . extremely
short and feeble constriction; neck unusually narrowed and elongate;
elytra conjointly rounded at tip 2

Prothorax almost evenly convex but with the apex broadly and deeply
constricted; neck shorter and not so narrowed; elytra narrowly
truncate at tip 3

Prothorax tumid laterally on the disk just before the broad basal con-
striction, the apical constriction distinct, the subbasal tumidities
sometimes feeble, but in discoidea becoming almost spiniform; neck
as in the preceding group; elytra narrowly truncate to sinuate at
tip 4

2 — Body moderately stout, shining, pale rufo-testaceous throughout,
the apical part of the antennal joints and three vittae, sharply defined
on each elytron, sutural, marginal and discal, the marginal inwardly
dilated near the middle, black; pubescence short, sparse, pale and
inconspicuous; head and prothorax very finely, sparsely punctate,
the eyes well developed, convex and prominent, the sides behind them
strongly oblique and nearly straight to the narrowed neck; antennae
very slender, as long as the body; prothorax very slightly elongate,
evidently wider than the head, evenly and almost globularly convex,
the apex transversely truncate, two-thirds as wide as the base, the
sides subprominently rounded just before the middle, the basal
angles sharp but not projecting beyond the line of the median promi-
nences; elytra a little less than twice as wide as the prothorax and
between three and four times as long, subparallel in both sexes, the
punctures very coarse, deep, less coarse toward apex, separated by
less than their own diameters; abdomen very minutely, feebly and
sparsely punctulate, shining and with very short, sparse and in-
conspicuous hairs; legs very slender. Length (cf 9 ) 6.5-7.5 mm.;
width 1.8-2.2 mm. Pennsylvania and Indiana directa Newm.

3 — Form stout; surface shining, black throughout, the legs and antennae
black, the elytra pale tawny-flavate, with a nubilous black streak
from the humeri obsolescent behind the middle, the apices and suture
black, the black areas sometimes wholly wanting and the elytra
occasionally wholly piceous; pubescence short, moderately abundant,
pale and distinct; head nearly as in the preceding, being small and
rapidly oblique at the sides behind the prominent eyes, but closely
and strongly punctate; antennae much less slender and shorter, three-
fourths (d71 ) to three-fifths ( 9 ) as long as the body; prothorax large,
very much wider than the head, strongly narrowed at the arcuate
and conspicuously constricted apex and deeply, moderately closely
punctate, shining; elytra shorter than in any other species, scarcely
twice as long as wide, one-half wider than the prothorax, feebly
cuneiform, the punctures moderate in size, rather close-set; abdomen
shining, finely, sparsely punctulate; legs very slender. Length (cf 9 )
5.2-8.0 mm.; width 2.0-2.8 mm. Colorado, Montana, California,

Hudson Bay Territory and Siberia pratensis Laich.

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

242 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

4 — Elytra uniform in color, black or pale, subvittate or nubilously
maculate 5

Elytra uniformly black, margined abruptly at base, apex, externally and
more narrowly along the suture, with brick-red, the coloration
notably constant 12

5 — Prothorax less developed and more convex, the subbasal prominences
moderate, less widely separated and merely convex 6

Prothorax relatively larger, the prominences more acutely elevated, more
widely separated and with the intervening concavity always more
densely punctate and pubescent, these thoracic characters, as in the
preceding group, asexual in development II

6 — Head subquadrate, the tempera much less prominent than the eyes
but parallel and straight behind them for a considerable distance,
then rather abruptly rounding to the broad neck. Body deep black,
the legs testaceous, black at the apices of all the femora and tibiae, the
tarsi, entire abdomen and antennae basally deep black; elytra tes-
taceous, with a broad common sutural stripe, vanishing before the
apex, and a feeble nubilous submarginal streak, not attaining base
or apex, black or infuscate; pubescence very short, coarse, pale and
sparse; head finely, loosely punctate, broadly impressed at each side
of the front; antennae (9 ) slender, piceous distally, barely more than
half as long as the body; prothorax as long as wide, narrowed and
strongly constricted at apex, slightly wider than the head, the
sides broadly arcuate; surface finely but deeply, sparsely punctate,
with an impunctate median line, alutaceous in lustre like the head;
elytra one-half wider than the prothorax and nearly four times as
long, just visibly cuneiform, rounding apically, the sharply defined
truncatures sinuate; abdomen rather closely but very finely punc-
tulate; legs slender. Length ( 9 ) 8.8 mm.; width 2.8 mm. Colorado
(Boulder Co.), — F. Y. Parker parkeri n. sp.

Head suboval, with similarly very prominent eyes, behind which the
much less prominent tempora rapidly and somewhat arcuately con-
verge to the relatively narrower neck 7

7 — Thoracic prominences somewhat more widely separated, the elytral
punctures remarkably fine, sparse; sinus at the apex of the fifth
male ventral less abrupt and rather shallow. Body black, shining,
the tibiae and tarsal joints testaceous, blackish at the tips, the femora
black, rufous at base; head finely but deeply, somewhat sparsely
punctate, the antennae (cf ) three-fourths as long as the body, pale
piceo-testaceous, black basally; prothorax barely as wide as the
head, moderately narrowed and constricted at apex, the punctures
rather small but perforate, sparse, irregular in distribution; elytra
but little more than twice as long as wide, three-fourths wider than
the prothorax, very moderately cuneiform, the truncatures trans-
verse; color piceous-black, nubilously testaceous discally toward base,
at apex and along the marginal bead; punctures becoming larger
internally toward base as usual. Length (cf ) 7.4 mm. ; width 2.4 mm.
Lake Superior lacustrina n. sp.

Thoracic prominences a little less widely separated; elytral punctures

CERAMBYCID.E 243

stronger, except in obsoleta, the apical abdominal sinus of the male
more abruptly formed and distinctly deeper 8

8 — Elytral punctures moderate, becoming fine, "feeble, asperulate and
unusually close-set toward apex. Body and elytra black throughout;
legs pale testaceous, the tarsi piceous distally, the femora black at
tip; head unusually small, very finely, sparsely punctate throughout;
antennae missing in the type; prothorax moderate, scarcely as long
as wide, a little wider than the head, strongly narrowed and abruptly
deeply constricted at apex, the prominences almost completely
obsolete, the surface between them not at all concave, finely, sparsely
punctate, with the usual impunctate line: elytra subparallel, one-half
wider than the prothorax and four times as long, rounding apically,
the truncatures transverse; abdomen very finely, rather closely punc-
tulate. Length (9) 7-8 mm.; width 2.6 mm. Colorado. Levette
collection obsoleta n. sp.

Elytral punctures less close-set and not or very feebly asperate toward
tip 9

9 — Punctures of the head coarse, deep and very close-set except medially.
Body rather stout, shining and deep black throughout, the legs,
elytra and antennae wholly black; pubescence sparse, fulvescent, less
abbreviated than usual and, on the prothorax, rather long and very
obvious; head in outline as in the two preceding, the antennae (cf )
slender, nearly four-fifths as long as the body; prothorax fully as
long as wide, much narrowed and deeply constricted at apex, very
finely and sparsely punctate, the prominences feeble, the surface
not concave between them; elytra barely one-half wider than the
prothorax and between three and four times as long, moderately
cuneiform, the apical truncatures straight, slightly oblique; punctures
moderate in size, deep, subperforate, not at all asperate posteriorly
and everywhere unusually close-set, becoming dense and separated
by their own diameters, to but little more, on the flanks; abdomen
finely, loosely punctulate. Leng'th (cf) 7-5 mm.; width 2.5 mm.
Colorado. Levette collection puncticeps n. sp.

Punctures of the head fine and more or less sparse throughout;
thoracic prominences less feeble, the intervening surface just visibly
concave 10

10 — Head and prothorax of equal width, the latter narrower than usual
and longer than wide; color black throughout the body, legs and
antennae, the elytra piceous-black, testaceous at base, the pale area
descending discally and marginally, the vittae gradually narrowing
and becoming obsolete near the middle, the apices also pale; head
finely punctate, the punctures well separated but not very sparse;
antennae (cf ) four-fifths as long as the body; prothorax much nar-
rowed and strongly constricted at apex, the punctures fine, very
sparse, less sparse basally; surface alutaceous, the hairs rather short
and fine, inconspicuous; elytra highly polished, formed as in la-
custrina but with unusually coarse and impressed punctures, fine
but not asperate distally and everywhere sparse; abdomen finely,
sparsely punctulate. Length (cf ) 7.0 mm.; width 2.4 mm. Colo-

244 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

rado (Boulder Co.). Collected at Magnolia by Mrs. T. L. Casey.

aurora n. sp.

Head narrower than the prothorax in both sexes; body deep black
throughout, the legs (of1) deep black, all the femora abruptly bright
red in basal third to half, or ( 9 ) dusky testaceous, the tibiae and
tarsal joints black at apex, the femora black apically; pubescence
very short, pale and coarse, sparse throughout; head finely, sparsely
punctate throughout, the occiput sloping upon the neck as usual,
the antennae (cf) slender, wholly black and nearly four-fifths as
long as the body, or ( 9 ) scarcely more than half as long as the body,
dusky-testaceous, black at base; prothorax in general outline nearly
as in the preceding, as long as wide, minutely, sparsely punctate,
not more closely basally (cf ), or rather less sparsely and more coarsely
( 9 ) ; elytra nearly similarly and moderately cuneiform in both sexes,
narrower in the male, the apical truncatures straight to feebly
sinuate; punctures notably fine, barely more than half as distant
as in the preceding and much finer throughout, though, as usual,
becoming larger basally and especially toward the suture; legs and
abdomen as usual; basal joint of the hind tarsi not quite as long as
the remainder. Length (c? 9 ) 7.5-9.5 mm.; width 2.3-3.2 mm.
Colorado (Boulder Co. — Magnolia, and Eraser, — C. A. Frost).

coloradensis n. sp.

I — Body sexually almost similar and moderately stout, a little less
stout in the male, the elytra almost similarly and moderately tapering
in both sexes, black, the elytra (cf ) black, with the marginal bead
rufous and with the legs rufo-piceous, the femora black, rufous
basally, nearly similar in the female, the latter, however, with the
elytra blackish-subaeneous, with a discal testaceous vitta, which is
very broadly interrupted medially, the lateral bead, broadening
apically and basally, also testaceous; pubescence very short through-
out, coarser and paler on the elytra as usual; head small, rather
finely but deeply and closely punctate throughout, the tempora
obliquely arcuate to the neck, much less prominent than the very
convex eyes; antennae peculiar, slender as usual but unusually short
in both sexes and apparently a little longer in the female, one-half
to three-fifths as long as the body, piceous-black basally; prothorax
much wider than the head, as long as wide, much narrowed and con-
stricted at apex, not very finely punctate, the punctures close-set
and with the usual smooth line (cf), or finer and sparser (9);
smooth median line striate along the middle; prominences widely
separated and subacutely prominent; elytra truncate at tip, finely,
not at all closely punctate, the punctures a little larger basally;
last ventral slightly truncate at apex in the male, rounded in the
female. Length (cf 9 ) 8.0-8.5 mm.; width 2.8-3.0 mm. Maine
(Paris and Monmouth), — C. A. Frost cavicollis n. sp.

Body nearly as in the preceding but larger and stouter and with the female
elytra not cuneiform but parallel ; color black, the elytra pale tes-
taceous, with a narrow nubilous black sutural vitta and a feeble
longitudinal cloud at the summit of the flanks near the base, the
legs long, slender, testaceous, the tarsi piceous, the femora black

CERAMBYCIDJE 245

apically; pubescence short but closer and more conspicuous than
in the preceding; head nearly similar but less closely punctate, the
antennae nearly three-fifths as long as the body, slender, testaceous,
the basal joints black on their anterior sides; prothorax nearly as in
cavicollis but with the punctures ( 9 ) much larger, perforate and
decidedly dense, the pubescence paler, closer and more conspicuous;
elytra differing decidedly in being parallel and more strongly, as well
as much more closely, punctate, as well as being almost similarly
sculptured throughout, the punctures scarcely at all larger or sparser
basally; legs notably longer, similarly very slender. Length (9)
9.0 mm.; width 3.2 mm. Wisconsin (Bayfield), — Wickham.

proteus Kirby

12 — Form stout, oblong-elongate, parallel, the elytra but feebly cuneiform
even in the slightly narrower male; integuments not shining as in
all the preceding, but opaque black, the elytra as stated, the legs
black, the antennae black, gradually piceous apically, three-fourths
(cf) to but little more than one-half (9) as long as the body;
pubescence evenly distributed, very minute but pale and evident;
head finely, not densely punctate, the tempora much less prominent
than the very convex eyes, short, rapidly arcuate and oblique to the
neck; prothorax barely (d") to distinctly (9 ) wider than the head,
wider than long, much narrowed and constricted at apex, strongly
and closely punctate, the median smooth line almost obliterated,
the prominences even more acute and widely separated than in the
two preceding; elytra nearly one-half wider than the prothorax,
more than twice as long as wide, with the usual narrow apical trun-
catures; punctures widely separated and minute, almost uniform;
abdomen very finely, densely punctulate; legs unusually densely
clothed with short stiff gray hairs. Length (cf 9 ) 7.0-8.3 mm.;
width 2.2-2.9 mm- New Jersey discoidea Hald.

A species was described from Washington Territory, by LeConte
(Proc. Acad. Phila., 1861, p. 356), under the name gibbula, which,
though allied to aurora and coloradensis, is probably different, the
elytral punctures being coarser than in the latter and the head and
prothorax more densely punctate than in the former; it is said to be
fusco-pubescent, which language would not apply to either of those
species; the length is stated to be 8.75 mm.; it is not closely allied
to proteus as now stated in the lists. No other very useful compara-
tive remarks can be founded upon the very short description, but
the locality is somewhat different.

The species described by Schaeffer under the name Acmceops
pinicola (Bull. Br. Inst., I, p. 341) also belongs to this group. It is
probably allied closely to puncticeps but differs in its shorter
antennae, these being only half as long as the body in examples
which, from the described coloration of the body and legs, are prob-

246 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

ably males, and in its more impressed prothorax; the length of
pinicola is given as 8.5 mm., and it is from the Huachuca Mts. of
southern Arizona.

It has occurred to me that puncticeps might possibly be the male
of obsoleta, but in this case the sexual differences in sculpture would
be very remarkable, especially on the elytra, where sexual peculiari-
ties of this kind are not observable elsewhere.

In considering the subdivisions of the Lepturini following Ac-
meeops, attention is invited to the general catalogue by Aurivillius,
in the Schenkling series and recently published, where some definite
and determinative order has been attempted. I think, however,
that the compiler has still admitted too few separate genera and
has unnecessarily reduced certain American types, which seem to
be distinct genera, to the status of subgenera, as, for example, the
nearctic so-called Strangalia (Ophistomis Thorns.), Typocerus Lee.,
and Bellamira Lee., which are considered subgenera of Strangalia
in the broad sense, the latter genus in its typical form being repre-
sented in his opinion by such diverse species as obliterata, gigas and
nana, which have been in our lists under the confusing complex
known as Leptura Linn. To come at once to the point, the author
of the catalogue has not gone far enough; for, admitting obliterata
Hald., and allies as typical Strangalia, the species allied to gigas and
nana cannot properly be included, for they are of an entirely differ-
ent habitus. Not enough stress has been laid by European authors
upon the presence or absence of the remarkable sensitive pits or
areolae on the outer antennal joints, sometimes enormously de-
veloped in Ophistomis. I think that the possession of these areas
by Typocerus, renders it generically distinct from Strangalia ob-
literata, even without considering the different tarsal structure.
Species such as Lept. canadensis and aurocoma are considered by
Aurivillius to be true Leptura, while Iceta, impura and matthewsi
are placed in the genus Judolia Muls.; this distinction I cannot
follow very clearly. It seems, after all, that general facies or
habitus may be of more value in delimiting genera allied closely
to Leptura, than any single structural character. Our genera may
be outlined as follows:

Antennae without conspicuous sensitive areas on the distal joints 2

Antennae with sensitive areas, generally well impressed on the distal
joints 13

CERAMBYCID.E 247

2 — Prothorax not biconstricted, generally without apical constriction
of any kind, except the delimitation of a more or less pronounced
apical bead 3

Prothorax constricted only at apex; front very much produced as in
Ophistomis 7

Prothorax biconstricted; front variable, though generally briefly pro-
duced 8

3 — Body short and stout, the elytra relatively short, more or less cunei-
form; front broadly produced as usual, sometimes more narrowly and
very notably so, as in Judolia quadrillum Lee 4

Body elongate and more or less slender, stouter in Strangalia .5

4 — Elytra pale, with black spots in transverse lines to entirely black,
almost immaculate in imp-lira; prothorax subangulate at the sides
before the middle; third joint of the hind tarsi rather cylindric but
short, deeply emarginate. [Type Lept. sexmaculata Linn.]. At-
lantic to Pacific regions Judolia

Elytra black or pale, never transversely banded; prothorax generally
not at all angulate at the sides; third hind tarsal joint as in Judolia.
[Type Lept. vagans Oliv.]. Atlantic to Pacific regions.

Brachyleptura

5 — Front extremely short before the antennae and not produced; body
small, black or blue, with black or red prothorax; legs very slender,
the third joint of the hind tarsi short and bilobed; elytra always
parallel, sometimes even inflated posteriorly as in the female of
molybdica Lee., the apices very obtuse. [Type Lept. molybdica
Lee.]. Atlantic to Pacific regions Paralleling

Front normal, briefly and broadly produced before the antennae 6

6 — Body small, subparallel, the elytra generally moderately cuneiform;
basal angles of the prothorax laterally very prominent; legs and
antennae very slender, the third hind tarsal joint bilobed. [Type
Lept. americana Hald.]. Atlantic regions Charisalia

Body small to barely of medium size, slender, the elytra cuneiform,
vittate when ornamented; tempora unusually developed; third
hind tarsal joint short, deeply bilobed. [Type Lept. vittata Oliv.].
Atlantic to Pacific regions Strangalepta

Body larger and stouter, the elytra strongly cuneiform and much nar-
rowed to the tips; third hind tarsal joint elongate, cylindric, emar-
ginate at tip; legs relatively long, slender. [Type assumed Lept.
obliterates Hald.]. Atlantic to Pacific Strangalia

7 — Prothorax very convex, not constricted at base, with obtusely promi-
nent basal angles, feebly sculptured; elytra broadly, obliquely trun-
cate, elongate, cuneiform, flattened and strongly sculptured in the
type; third hind tarsal joint narrow but bilobed. [Type Ophistomis
ventralis Horn]. Neotropical to southern Arizona Cyphonotida

8 — Elytra cuneiform 9

Elytra very elongate, attenuated as in Ophistomis and with sinuate
sides posteriorly, the apices rounded 12

9 — Tarsi hairy throughout and generally notably stout, the third joint
of the posterior short and bilobed; elytra usually shining, sparsely
punctate and with transversely banded ornamentation, somewhat

248 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

as in Typocerus. [Type X. corusca n. sp.]. Pacific to Atlantic
regions Xestoleptura

Tarsi not notably hairy above 10

10 — Third hind tarsal joint slender and elongate, emarginate at tip;
elytra with feebly arcuate sides to the apices, dark, evenly quadri-
fasciate with bright yellow; body small in size. [Type Lept.
tribalteata Lee.]. Pacific regions Stenostrophia

Third hind tarsal joint shorter and deeply bilobed, a little less abbreviated
sometimes, as in the aberrant matthewsi Lee 1 1

II — Body relatively short and very stout in form, the prothorax trans-
verse, usually strongly angulate at the sides; elytra rounded at the
sides to the apices, black, transversely but irregularly fasciate with
bright yellow. [Type Lept. Iceta Lee.]. Atlantic to Pacific regions.

Strophiona

Body more elongate, the elytra longer and generally more cuneiform,
the ornamentation never transversely fasciate; prothorax well
developed, generally more or less transverse and prominent at the
sides. [Type exclusively European]. Atlantic to Pacific regions.

Leptura

12 — Front very broad, briefly produced; prothorax very strongly bi-
impressed; legs long, the third hind tarsal joint bilobed; metepi-
sternum normally broad; body with strong Ophistoma-\ike habitus,
alutaceous throughout. [Type Lept. scalaris Say]. Atlantic regions.

Bellamira

13 — Front broad and short before the antennae; body rather obese;
prothorax biconstricted, the elytra narrowed behind with arcuate
external outline, convex, ornamented with spots transversely ar-
ranged; legs only moderately elongate; third hind tarsal joint but
slightly elongate, bilobed. [Type Lept. velutina Oliv.]. Atlantic
regions Typocerus

Front narrowed and more or less strongly produced; body slender;
prothorax not biconstricted, the apex with only the apical beading;
elytra attenuate behind, with more or less sinuate external outline,
the ornamentation variable; legs long, very slender, the third hind
tarsal joint generally very slender, elongate, emarginate at apex.
[Type assumed 0. julmcornis Bates]. Neotropical and neosub-
arctic regions. Strangalia Lee. and Horn Ophistomis

Some use has been made above of the form of the third hind tarsal
joint, which is greatly diversified and somewhat variable even
within the restricted genera here denned, so that its real value is
by no means definitely fixed. In matthewsi, for example, it is not
so short as in other forms of Leptura as here limited, but that species
is aberrant in having the tibial spurs slightly ante-apical, to some
degree recalling Stenocorus. There are about fifteen described
species in the old Leptura complex that I have not seen, but these
can readily be assigned to the above genera by those possessing

CERAMBYCID,E 249

V

them, unless a few may warrant still further generic definition. The
genera as here delimited are apparently valid; at least, it would
not be easy to say just which of them should have the subgeneric
status, as they differ among themselves strikingly in general
habitus or in some marked structural features.

Judolia Muls.

In our fauna this genus, which is distinguished by the robust form
of body and tibial modifications of the male, will include, besides
the European sexmaculata of Linne, and the closely allied vexatrix
Mann., from the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska, cordifera Ql'iv., instabilis
Hald., convexa and quadrata, which are specifically valid, sexspilota,
quadrillum and impura of LeConte, gaurotoides Csy., axidflaviventris
Schf . ; guarotoides is aberrant in its uniformly deep black coloration
and in having the shortest and relatively thickest antennae known to
me among the allies of Leptura, excepting brevicornis Lee. Besides
these species, there are the following hitherto undescribed:

Judolia pacifica n. sp. — A little narrower than convexa and stouter than
cordifera, colored and ornamented almost exactly as in the former and
instabilis, the sculpture similar but much finer than in instabilis, the
prothorax much less prominent at the sides than in those two species
and resembling cordifera in this respect; head small, densely punctured,
the front only moderately prolonged; antennae (of1) unusually long for
this group, being fully as long as the body, slender, not in the least
thickened apically, nearly as in cordifera but less slender; prothorax as
in cordifera but smaller, less full anteriorly at the sides and with the basal
angles laterally more prominent; elytra much more sparsely and strongly
punctured, even more sparsely so than in convexa, which they resemble
in form and maculation, excepting that the apices are much more acute;
abdomen more densely and strongly punctulate and pubescent than in
either of those species, the fifth segment broadly, feebly impressed pos-
teriorly. Length (cf) 9-7 mm.; width 4.1 mm. California.

The hind tibiae of the male are but slightly modified, the serrules
along the inner edge feeble and very irregular, much less strong than
in cordifera or instabilis and without the contorted inner flattening
of the former species or quadrillum. This species is more closely
allied to convexa than any other, but differs in the much longer
antennae, less prominent sides of the prothorax, denser and more

»

conspicuous abdominal sculpture and vestiture, narrower outline,
still smaller head, more acute elytral tips and other features.

250 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Judolia trajecta n. sp. — General form and coloration as in pacifica
but more convex, black, the elytra pale straw-yellow, with an almost
even parallel transverse black fascia from side to side at basal fourth,
the two post median spots and black apex nearly as in pacifica, convexa
and instabilis; head and prothorax strongly, very densely punctured but
with the pubescence sparser, less pale in color and much less conspicuous,
not at all concealing the sculpture; antennae (cf ) moderately long and
slender, filiform, not quite as long as the body; prothorax wider than
long, strongly campanulate, with laterally prominent acute basal angles
and a feeble lateral protuberance before the middle, nearly as in pacifica;
elytral punctures nearly as in convexa but stronger and differing but
little in size anteriorly and posteriorly, separated by about twice their
diameters throughout; abdomen rather closely and subasperately punc-
tulate, the last segment obtusely rounded, feebly impressed apically.
Length (cf ) 9.5 mm.; width 4.0 mm. Colorado (Boulder Co.).

The hind tibiae of the male are as nearly as possible completely
unmodified, the inner serriculate edge being scarcely traceable; the
elytral apices are evenly and narrowly rounded.

Judolia convolvens n. sp. — Narrower and more parallel than the
preceding species, black throughout, the elytra tawny yellow, maculate
with black in a broad vitta from the humeri to slightly behind basal
fourth, there becoming transverse, ending obtusely near the suture, also
a large rounded marginal spot just behind the middle and a broad apical
region, the suture pale (cf ) or narrowly black and with all the markings
slightly more extended ( 9 ) ; pubescence pale, rather long but not dense,
herissate on the anterior parts; head very densely punctate; antennae
(cf ) slender, filiform, the outer joints somewhat keeled on the inner
sides, four-fifths as long as the body, or ( 9 ) half as long as the body,
with the outer joints notably short; prothorax very convex, with strong
punctures, which are dense throughout, except medially in the male
alone, where they are noticeably separated, the sides parallel basally,
straight and converging in a little less than apical half, the basal angles
obtuse, not prominent; elytra two-fifths wider than the prothorax, twice
as long as wide, cuneiform, narrowly truncate at tip, with rather strong
and close-set punctures, becoming fine apically; abdomen finely, closely
punctulate and with rather long close decumbent pale hairs, the last
segment (cf ) broadly lobed medially at apex and broadly concave, the
concavity moderately deep, ill-defined. Length (cf 9 ) 9.0-9.5 mm.;
width 3.2-3.3 mm. California (Siskiyou and Lake Cos.).

Allied rather closely to quadrillitm Lee., but differing in the pale
and not black ground color of the elytra, still more narrowed and
prolonged front, this being quite as developed as in many species
of Ophistomis, in the somewhat less slender antennae, more distinct
obtuse angle at the sides of the prothorax and denser, finer punctula-
tion and more conspicuous vestiture of the abdomen. The hind

CERAMBYCIDJE 25 1

tibiae of the male are sinuate on the outer edge just behind the
middle, and thence broader and parallel to the apex, the inner face
being irregularly impressed almost throughout. In the male of
quadrittum this tibial character is almost similar, except that the
outer sinus is broader, less deep and medial, instead of well behind
the middle as it is in convolvens. This species has been confounded
with Pachyta vexatrix Mann., described from the Kenai Peninsula
of Alaska; the two are very different, as may be seen at once on
reading Mannerheim's ample description.

Brachyleptura n. gen.

The sexual differences in this genus do not seem to affect the
tibiae, but in general bodily facies become extreme in certain species,
such as Icetifica Lee., where the much stouter female has scarlet
elytra, each bimaculate with small black spots and the male is
smaller, much more slender and entirely black, the elytra rarely
being red about the humeri and in a small discal spot near the
apex, or in the antennal structure of lacustris, where the male
antennae are long and subserrate and those of the female very
short, more slender and not in the least serrate. The elytral punc-
tures are often serial in arrangement in part, as in vagans and
rubrica. The genus is a compact and isolated group of species,
not closely related to any others and comprises rubrica Say, vagans
and circumdata of Olivier, canadensis Fabr., cribripennis* dehiscens,
Icetifica and sanguinea of LeConte and lacustris and haldemani of
the present writer. In addition to these the following may be
included:

Brachyleptura subquadrata n. sp. — General form and coloration of
the body, legs and antennae as in circumdata but very much stouter;

* Canadensis and cribripennis form a rather isolated group of the genus, owing to
the broader and deeper gutter demarcating the very strong apical bead of the pro-
thorax, this having in fact more the appearance of a true constriction than is observable
elsewhere in Brachyleptura, and in the more appendiculate last antennal joint of the
male. That they belong here, though, is plainly shown by the general form of the body,
particolored and serriform antennal joints, type of sculpture and ornamentation, typ-
ically variable coloration of the elytra and type of male sexual characters, which all
harmonize thoroughly with other members of Brachyleptura. These two forms are
truly valid species and not connected in any way subspecifically. The male antennae
of canadensis, for instance, are invariably deep black throughout, while in cribripennis
the joints are bicolored as in the female; canadensis also is much smaller, opaque and
not strongly shining, less coarsely sculptured and more constant in coloration.

252 . MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

head relatively larger, with still more converging and only feebly arcuate
tempora, finely, extremely densely punctate; antennae (9 ) longer, being
three-fourths as long as the body; prothorax as in circumdata, campanu-
late and very convex but with still more strongly everted basal angles
and with the very dense punctures scarcely more than half as large, the
short inconspicuous and dusky vestiture similar; elytra two-fifths wider
than the prothorax, three-fourths longer than wide, the sides only very
feebly converging from the base, pale yellow-brown, the apices and a
small humeral spot black; punctures strong but less coarse or dense than
in circumdata; abdomen less strongly and still somewhat more densely
punctate. Length (9) 7-5 mm.; width 2.7 mm. Colorado. Levette
collection.

This species is closely allied to circumdata; it is, however, very
different in general appearance from any of a good series of that
species taken in Massachusetts, that I owe to the kindness of Mr.
C. A. Frost, and also one from Pennsylvania, due to its much
broader outline, as well as other differences alluded to in the
description.

Brachyleptura boulderensis n. sp. — Female nearly as in the female of
lacustris but with the tempora not slightly converging behind and much
less prominent than the eyes, as they are in that species, but pro-
tuberant, strongly rounded and more prominent than the eyes, the
parallel-sided frontal prolongation equally pronounced but not so broad;
body, coloration throughout, sculpture and pubescence as in lacustris,
black with dark yellowish-red elytra, the head and prothorax not coarsely,
extremely densely punctate; elytra two-fifths wider than the prothorax,
rather more than twice as long as wide, coarsely, rather closely punctate,
much more finely apically, the apices truncate; abdomen finely, evenly,
not densely punctulate and with short inconspicuous pubescence.
Length (9 ) 9.0 mm.; width 2.7 mm. Colorado (Boulder Co.).

Besides the differences above noted, this species differs radically
from lacustris in the sparser and more evenly distributed abdominal
punctulation and relatively narrower and more cuneiform elytra,
the external outline of which is less rounding behind to the apical
truncature.

The species allied to vagans Oliv., are rather numerous; they are
of peculiar facies, being very short and rather stout in build, with
the elytra short, more or less rapidly narrowed from base to apex,
strongly dehiscent apically and always very strongly punctured.
The individual species are rather variable in elytral coloration;
those in my cabinet may be denned as follows:

Outer antennal joints — those beyond the fifth — testaceous only at base .2
Outer joints testaceous in basal half or but little less 7

CERAMBYCIM: 253

2 — Head and prothorax relatively rather large, the latter much wider
than long and very coarsely, closely punctate; elytra with the
punctures relatively only moderately coarse, close-set throughout,
each elytron with two very feeble discal riblets; body black in color,
the elytra obscure rufous throughout; testaceous part of the outer
antennal joints short and nubilous. Length (9) 11.5 mm.; width
4.2 mm. Kansas dehiscens Lee.

Head and prothorax relatively much smaller, the latter fully as long as
wide to a little longer; elytra more rapidly narrowed from the
base, still shorter and apically more dehiscent, very coarsely punctate
basally, rapidly less coarsely apically 3

3 — Male with the last ventral simply feebly impressed medially, the
impression not limited laterally by prominent sides, though with
the usual apical emargination and prominent acute angles 4

Male with the last ventral more broadly and apically, more or less
deeply excavated, the depression bounded laterally by acutely
elevated margins, which posteriorly, form part of the acute apical
angles 5

4 — Body deep black, rather shining, the elytra black, with a broad
dusky rufous vitta along the summit of the flanks from the humeri
to the tips; pubescence not conspicuous, erect anteriorly, short and
inclined on the elytra; head very densely punctate and dull; eyes
(c?) large, separated by twice their widths, the tempora very oblique
and retracted as usual; antennae four-fifths as long as the body, simi-
lar in the sexes; prothorax very convex, parallel, obliquely narrowed
anteriorly, coarsely, deeply and closely punctate, with narrow shining
interspaces; elytra one-half wider than the prothorax, two-thirds
longer than wide, the apices very obtusely rounded; punctures very
close-set and without lineal arrangement; last ventral segment (c?)
smooth and barely at all punctate, the medial impression very
feeble and indefinite. Length (cf 9 ) 9.5-10.0 mm.; width 3.0-
3.5 mm. Wisconsin (Bayfield), — Wickham; also Ontario.

cuneatula n. sp.

5 — Head with the punctures rather small and very densely crowded,
giving an opaque appearance; eyes (cf ) separated by barely twice
their width; antennae nearly as in the two preceding species; pro-
thorax very convex, with the herissate vestiture unusually obvious,
the punctures close-set or dense, rather coarse (c?) or less so (9 ) ;
sides almost evenly converging and broadly arcuate from base to
apex; elytra two-fifths wider than the prothorax, short and very
rapidly cuneiform, the apices narrowly and arcuately subtruncate;
external outline posteriorly notably sinuate (cf), or feebly arcuate to
the tip (9), the punctures very coarse, deep and close basally,
sometimes with traces of lineal arrangement postero-externally,
pale red-brown throughout in specimens at hand. Length (cf 9 )
7.5-9.0 mm.; width 2.5-3.2 mm. Northeastern States and Canada.
[brevis Kirby] vagans Oliv.

Head with the punctures larger, not so crowded, the lustre not opaque. .6

6 — Black, somewhat shining; elytra pale red-brown, the suture infuscate
in the type from near the scutellum to the apices, which are nar-

254 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

rowly and strongly rounded; head transverse as usual, alutaceous,
the punctures all distinctly separated by from once to twice their
diameters; eyes (cf) separated by a little less than twice their widths;
antennae as in vagans but more slender and distinctly shorter;
prothorax barely visibly wider than the head, not distinctly wider
as in the other species, the sides almost evenly rounded and con-
verging throughout and with similar retracted basal angles, differing
from any other species, however, in having the rather coarse punc-
tures somewhat sparse, being separated by from once to twice their
diameters; elytra as in vagans, except that the punctures basally
are not so coarse, the external outline posteriorly not sinuate but
straight and the apices much more acutely rounded; concavity of
the fifth ventral (cf) broad and deep. Length (cf) 8.0 mm.;
width 2.8 mm. Locality unrecorded fusella n. sp.

Black throughout, except that the elytra sometimes have each a large
rounded rufous spot just behind the humeri, extending inwardly
to the median line of each; pubescence nearly as in the preceding;
head distinctly narrower than the prothorax, the punctures moderate
and very close, almost contiguous, the occiput sloping unusually
steeply to the neck; eyes separated by slightly more than twice
their own widths; antennae as in fusella; prothorax evenly narrowed
from base to apex and with unusually feebly arcuate sides, the
punctures moderately coarse and slightly separated; basal dorsal
constriction evident; elytra barely two-fifths wider than the pro-
thorax, one-half longer than wide, the converging sides becoming
barely at all sinuate, the external apical angles unusually distinct,
the inner outline rounding; punctures only about one-half as
large as in vagans and separated by nearly their own diameters
basally, smaller and somewhat lineate in arrangement postero-
externally, black, with a large humeral red spot in the type; ex-
cavation of the fifth ventral (cf ) narrower than in the preceding and
still deeper, the elevated side-walls even thinner apically. Length
(cf ) 7-7 mm.; width 2.6 mm. Locality unrecorded. . . .puella n. sp.

7 — Body more elongate than in vagans, black, the elytra wholly bright
red-brown in the type; pubescence rather sparse but coarse, pale,
a little longer and more distinct than in vagans; head with moderate,
densely crowded punctures, the eyes large and very convex as usual;
antennse (9) extending almost to the tips of the elytra; prothorax
fully as long as wide, convex, unusually shining, the punctures
coarse, deep and close-set throughout; sides converging and almost
evenly arcuate from base to the much narrowed apex, where the
small constriction delimiting the apical bead is distinct as in vagans;
elytra one-half wider than the prothorax, three-fifths longer than
wide, larger and longer than in vagans and with punctures that are
very nearly as coarse basally but less crowded, being in fact clearly
separated, much less rapidly or pronouncedly smaller apically;
apices narrowly truncate. Length (9) 10.0 mm.; width 3.5 mm.
Pennsylvania (Carlisle Junction), — A. B. Champlain.

champlaini n. sp.

CERAMBYCID/E 255

A second male specimen, with entirely black elytra, is placed
with the type of puella for the present, although there are certain
features that do not accord very well; it is evidently stouter, the
prothorax broader and with more arcuate sides, the eyes relatively
larger, being separated by less than twice their own widths, the outer
apical angle of the elytra more obtuse and the punctures of both the
prothorax and elytra stronger, though, on the latter, they are
equally well separated and better defined on the waxy ground,
rather than on the subopaque general surface of puella; they are
also much stronger posteriorly than in that species. I think that
this is a well defined subspecies of puella, which may take the name
tetrica (n. subsp.) ; its locality is likewise unrecorded. The locality
for dehiscens is said to be Oregon, and the antennae are described as
"entirely black"; otherwise the Kansas example described above
seems to be typical.

Parallelina n. gen.

A few species of small size, generally slender form and parallel
elytra constitute this genus, and, as in the preceding genus, form a
compact and clearly limited division of the Lepturini. As far as
known to me the species assignable to Parallelina are chalybea
Hald., exigua and nana (with var. haematites) of Newman, molybdica
LeConte and subargentata and similis (rufibasis Lee.) of Kirby, also
the two described below. Much confusion exists in the subargentata
group, owing to a very puzzling inconstancy in the coloration of the
legs and basal antennal joint, these differences characterizing both
subargentata and similis and seem to indicate polymorphism rather
than simple gradual variation. Similis differs from subargentata
in having the elytral sculpture deeper and less close-set, which, with
the more dusky and very inconspicuous pubescence, gives the sur-
face much greater lustre; the legs are most frequently black in
subargentata and bicolored in similis. Of forms not examined, I
am of the opinion that ruficeps Lee., from Georgia, is a distinct
species, but am less convinced concerning rhodopus Lee., from
California, which is black, with entirely red legs; it is however
probably distinct also. The following is another species of the
subargentata group but much smaller and with narrower prothorax:

Parallelina filicornis n. sp. — General form, coloration, sculpture and
short pale ashy vestiture as in subargentata, but with sparser and feebler

256 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

elytral punctures, these being as sparse as in similis but feebler and more
diffusedly impressed, black throughout in the type; head and very slender
antennae similar; prothorax longer than wide, slightly narrower than the
head, otherwise nearly similar; elytra narrower and only about a third
wider than the prothorax, two and one-half times as long as wide; ab-
domen shining, the fine punctulation not dense, the ashy hairs decumbent;
legs slender, shorter, the tarsi extremely slender, much more so than in
subargentata. Length (cf ) 5.5 mm.; width 1.3 mm. Washington State.

In subargentata and similis the prothorax is almost as wide as
the head, but in filicornis it is evidently narrower. The following
species is widely distinct from any other known species of the genus
in its stouter form :

Parallelina campanifera n. sp. — Stout in form, parallel, moderately
convex, shining, alutaceous anteriorly, deep black throughout, the pu-
bescence everywhere short, not dense, dusky and inconspicuous; head
small, very finely, closely punctate, the front very short before the eyes
though evident; tempora rapidly oblique and feebly arcuate; antennae
(9) slender, filiform, with the outer joints gradually shorter, not two-
thirds as long as the body; prothorax much larger than the head, rather
longer than wide, strongly convex, rather strongly, closely punctate, with
.a narrow impunctate line, the sides gradually and moderately converging
and broadly arcuate from base to apex, gradually more strongly so
apically, the basal angles everted and very acute; elytra not a third wider
than the prothorax, perfectly parallel, two and a third times as long as
wide, very broadly obtuse at apex, the apices narrowly subtruncate;
punctures as large as those of the prothorax but separated by twice their
diameters, fine but asperulate apically; abdomen shining, with minute
though ashy vestiture, finely, not densely punctulate, closely so basally,
sparsely apically; legs slender, the basal joint of the hind tarsi much longer
than the remainder. Length (9) 8.3 mm.; width 2.7 mm. California
(Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras Co.), — Blaisdell.

There is no described species with which this can be closely com-
pared. The male is probably notably less stout. The head is
unusually small, even for the present genus.

Charisalia n. gen.

The only species at present known to form part of this genus are
americana Hald., and capitata Newm. Charisalia is rather closely
allied to the preceding, but there is a notable difference in habitus,
and the maxillary palpi are much larger and longer than in Paral-
lelina. There is a remarkable difference in the form of the fourth
palpal joint pertaining to four slender specimens of capitata from
Ontario, and two larger, stouter and more parallel examples from

CERAMBYCID^E 257

Bayfield, Wisconsin, which I have before me; in the former this
joint is stouter and very obliquely truncate, while in the latter it is
narrower, more elongate and transversely truncate; this may be
one of the normal sexual distinctions of the genus, but as I have only
two examples of americana, both females, in which the palpi are of
the Bayfield type, this cannot be decided at present. No such
sexual character exists, so far as can be observed, in Parallelina.

Strangalepta n. gen.

This genus consists, so far as known to me, of the 'species Uneola
and pubera Say, nibida Lee. and vittata Oliv. The first varies some-
what geographically and possibly indirecta Newm. may have to
be restored for the eastern representatives of Uneola, which are
much larger than those of the Mississippi Valley, probably forming
a subspecies. In Strangalepta there is an unusual development of
the tempora, this being observable in pubera, as well as vittata; they
are also subimpunctate and strongly shining as a rule, as in the
basalis section of Leptacmceops. In vittata there is a remarkable
male tibial character that does not seem to have been mentioned;
the hind tibia of that sex is broadly angulated within just behind the
middle.

The following undescribed species has just been received:

Strangalepta keeni n. sp. — Form somewhat more abbreviated than in
pubera, the prothorax nearly as in Uneola, deep black throughout the
body, legs and antennae, the elytra bright rufous, with the tips, extending
forward narrowly and slightly at the sides, black; pubescence rather
sparse and inconspicuous, yellowish above, grayer beneath; head finely,
very densely punctate and dull, with a very fine smooth median line,
the eyes large and prominent, the tempora very much less prominent
than the eyes and only about a fourth as long though rather tumid and
almost impunctate; antennae slender, almost as long as the body, the third
and fifth joints subequal and much longer than the fourth; prothorax a
little longer than wide, campanulate, evenly convex, more strongly punc-
tured than the head and very densely, with a fine smooth median line,
broadly impressed medially at base, the basal angles laterally very promi-
nent and acute; elytra moderately cuneiform, about three times as long
as wide, one-half wider than the median part of the prothorax, the apices
transversely truncate, with blunt sutural and rounded external angles, the
surface very shining, the punctures coarse, gradually somewhat less so
posteriorly, everywhere very sparse, separated by about four times their
diameters; abdomen rather finely punctate, closely basally, more sparsely
distally; legs rather long and slender, the basal joint of the hind tarsi not
T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913-

258 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

quite as long as the remainder, the tibiae unmodified. Length (cf ) 10.0
mm.; width 2.8 mm. British Columbia (Inverness).

Allied somewhat to rnbida Lee., but smaller and with deep black
and not fusco-ferruginous legs and much sparser elytral punctures.
The single example was one of the last captures of the Rev. J. H.
Keen before his final departure for England, and I take great
pleasure in naming it in honor of one to whom we owe so many
interesting discoveries among the Coleoptera of the Pacific coast.

Strangalia Serv.

There is a strong consistency of habitus pervading this genus,
which in our fauna consists of perductor Walker, obliterate,, abdomin-
alis, elegans and cruentata of Haldeman — the last differing somewhat
in facies because of its shorter and less cuneiform elytra but con-
nected very well through plagifera, — subhamata and plebeja Rand.,
propinqua Bland, and vitiosa — which is not by any means a variety
of obliterata,—deleta, soror and plagifera of LeConte. Elegans is
not a variety of subhamata but quite distinct, as shown by the fe-
males in my collection, the prothorax being much broader in elegans,
as well as differently ornamented; the males of this species are
very much more slender than the females and very differently
colored, being largely black, the sutural black vitta being peculiarly
sagittiform in a way not suggested in the female. Abdominalis has
a marked peculiarity of thoracic sculpture and a different scheme
of elytral ornamentation; it might very rationally be separated as
a subgenus. The far western species allied to obliterata are numer-
ous, very uniform in ornamentation and facies and, so far as repre-
sented in my collection, may be defined as follows:

Elytra each with a black discal spot near basal third; apical black area

not extending to the tip but there becoming dusky rufous 2

Elytra never with trace of the black discal area, the black apical area

extending to the apices. . 4

Elytra similarly devoid of the black discal area but rather brightly pale

at apex 7

2 — External apical angles of the elytra very acute and slightly everted;

submedian black band of the elytra broadly interrupted at the suture.

Length (9 — as usual, only to the elytral tips) 15.8 mm.; width 5.5

mm. Vancouver Island perductor Walk.

External apical angles acute but not in the least everted, the external

outline of the elytra continuing the feeble arcuation to their tips. .3

CERAMBYCID^E 259

3 — Last dorsal segment ( 9 ) rapidly narrowing from the very broad base
to the apex, which is obtuse though much narrower than in the
preceding; coloration and sculpture nearly similar, the body dis-
tinctly less stout. Length (cf 9 ) 13.0-14.5 mm.; width 3.8-5.1 mm.
Oregon (Clackamas Co.) obliterata Hald.

Last dorsal ( 9 ) very much narrower at base, the sides much more gradu-
ally converging to the similarly obtuse apex; body similar in colora-
tion and sculpture but much smaller in size and with relatively
smaller head; antennae (9) shorter than in the two preceding;
occiput less steeply declivous to the neck; pronotum nearly as in
obliterata, less opaque and more strongly punctured than in per-
dnctor; last ventral (9) less impressed at apex. Length (cf 9 )
11.0-12.5 mm.; width 3.3-4.0 mm. Idaho idahoensis n. sp.

4 — Prothorax testaceous, with a broad black discal area extending from
apex to base, the entire prosternum also black; pubescence through-
out much longer, paler and more distinct than in the preceding
three species; front more strongly produced; outer antennal joints
more strongly bicolored; pronotal punctures finer and denser, the
surface opaque; outer angle at the elytral apex more prolonged
posteriorly. Length (9) 14.0-15.7 mm.; width 4.3-5.0 mm.
California. Four exactly similar examples vitiosa Lee.

Prothorax wholly black or with a testaceous vitta basally on the inflexed
sides and not appearing dorsally; body smaller in size and of much
narrower outline 5

5 — Last dorsal segment ( 9 ) strongly compressed and elevated basally,
probably however partially due to lateral shrinkage in the only female
example at hand, its entire surface finely, rather closely punctulate,
with the short hairs pale and very evident; thoracic base very broadly
and gradually lobed medially; elytral punctures more close-set
than in either of the two following, being separated by about twice
their diameters basally; head rather well developed, the eyes (9)
separated at the minimum by three times their width. Length
(cf1 9 ) 11.0-12.0 mm.; width 3.5-3.8 mm. Washington State and
Idaho propinqua Bland

Last dorsal segment not strongly elevated medially toward base and
with the punctures throughout very much sparser in minuscula
and with different pubescence in regularis; elytral punctures sparser,
separated basally by two to three times their diameters 6

6 — Body rather larger and stouter, with more elongate elytra, black, the
antennae and legs deep black throughout; sculpture, vestiture and
elytral coloration as in propinqua; head similar; antennae (9 ) much
longer, the outer joints not so abbreviated, the fourth joint relatively
longer; prothorax similar, except that the median lobe at the base
is relatively much narrower, being only a third as wide as the base;
elytra more rapidly cuneiform from the base; last dorsal segment
larger, broader at base, more rapidly cuneiform, the punctures
similarly numerous but with the hairs much more minute, less pale
and very inconspicuous. Length (9) 13.0 mm.; width 4.0 mm.
Locality unrecorded regularis n. sp.

Body smaller and narrower; head ( 9 ) smaller and with the eyes separated

260 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

by less than three times their width, their inner margins much more
converging than in either of the preceding; antennae nearly as in
propinqua, except that they are still somewhat more slender;
prothorax similar; last dorsal segment nearly similar in outline,
but with the fine punctures twice as sparse. Length (cf 9 ) 9.5-
n.o mm.; width 2.7-3.4 mm. Colorado. Levette collection.

minuscula n. sp.

7 — Form narrow; size small; color black, the entire abdomen, except at
base, and the legs, as well as the antennal prominences as usual,
pale; elytra pale, with a small marginal spot behind the humeri, a
transverse entire fascia before the middle and another near apical
fourth, black; sculpture and vestiture nearly as in the other species;
antennae notably shorter, dusky testaceous, the outer joints partially
infuscate. Length (c?) 9-7 mm.; width 2.9 mm. California.

soror Lee.

A number of Walker's species will have to be reinstated, having
been too hastily reduced to synonymy; another very conspicuous
instance occurs in the genus Acanthocinus of our present lists, as will
appear.

Cyphonotida n. gen.

The type of this genus is Ophistomis ventralis Horn, described
(Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, IV, p. 401) from Lower California but
apparently the same as the species that I sent to Mr. Bates many
years ago for remark. The statements of that author (Ann. N. Y.
Acad., VI, p. 41) wrould seem to show that it is closely allied to
IcBvicollis Bates, though possibly different. The antennae have no
trace of poriferous sensitive areas and the genus is evidently a
member of the Lepturid and not of the Ophistomid series. It was
surmised by Bates that it should be separated generically from
Ophistomis, but he gave scarcely any reason beyond the very convex
and anteriorly declivous pronotum.

Xestoleptura n. gen.

A genus largely developed on the Pacific coast and almost con-
fined to those regions, the only Atlantic coast species known to me,
octonotata, being of peculiar habitus, due to its much narrower and
more elongate form and different though analogous ornamentation.
The crassipes group has given rise to much confusion, owing to the
numerous more or less local developments as in Omus, Brennus and
other Pacific coast groups. LeConte having described crassipes
from the male and crassicornis from the female, could readily be

f-
CERAMBYCID^ 26 1

•

made a plausible pretext for suggested synonymy by one so inclined;
but in reality crassicornis is a decidedly different species from cras-
sipes, not only because of its much larger size but in its style of
elytral maculation, as well as other features. Besides crassipes
and crassicornis of LeConte, Xestoleptura will include a number of
species and subspecies related to crassipes, as denned below, as well
as behrensi Lee., octonotata Say and the two following very distinct
species :

Xestoleptura corusca n. sp. — Moderately stout and convex, black and
very strongly shining, the abdomen bright red throughout, the legs and
antennae wholly pale ferruginous; elytra with three moderately broad,
successively decreasing yellow fasciae, interrupted at the suture, basal,
at basal third and just behind the middle, each also sometimes with a
small pale spot near the apex near inner third ; pubescence pale, not dense,
erect and bristling anteriorly, short, sparse and inclined on the elytra;
head rather convex, strongly and densely punctate, the tempora nearly
as prominent as the eyes, gradually arcuato-converging to the nuchal
constriction, which is impunctate; antennse (o71) heavy and long, ex-
tending to apical fourth of the elytra, subcompressed, serrulate except
basally, very pale and uniform testaceo-ferruginous in color; prothorax
barely wider than the head, rather longer than wide, constricted and
moderately narrowed at apex, subparallel basally, the basal angles not
prominent; punctures coarse laterally, finer medially, everywhere well
separated; elytra four-fifths wider than the prothorax, rather more than
twice as long as wide, strongly cuneiform, with nearly straight sides, the
rounding apices narrowly truncate at the suture; surface very sparsely
punctate, finely basally, still more minutely apically; legs stout; tarsi
stout, the posterior longer than the tibiae, coarsely and pallidly hairy
throughout. Length (c?) 12.7 mm.; width 4.0-4.2 mm. California
(Grant Forest), — Hopping.

Not closely allied to any other species and readily determinable
from the characters given in the description; it is one of the most
shining Lepturids known from our faunal regions.

Xestoleptura columbica n. sp. — Narrower, more parallel (9), convex,
deep black throughout excepting the elytra, the tibiae pale, dark at tip;
tarsi missing in the type; pubescence short and coarse, close and erect
but not conspicuous anteriorly; head moderately strongly, closely
punctate, with a medial stria; tempora scarcely at all less prominent
than the eyes, rounding behind them to the nuchal constriction, which
is not impunctate; antennae slender, deep black, moderate in length;
prothorax equal in width to the head, scarcely as long a.? wide, rather
finely but strongly, very densely punctate throughout, the sides parallel
and barely sinuate to beyond the middle, then feebly oblique to the
unusually broad apex, the constriction only moderate, much less developed
than in the preceding or in the crassipes type; elytra distinctly cuneiform,

262 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

only one-half wider than the prothorax, pale luteous in color, with a
very broad black fascia on each from behind the humerus to the pale
sutural bead, a rounded marginal spot at the middle, the apices black in
distinctly less than apical third, prolonged along the suture, diminishing,
nearly to the oblique fascia and enclosing the usual pale subapical spot;
punctures moderately strong, perforate, separated by twice their diam-
eters to but little more, fine and relatively sparser apically. Length
(9) n.o mm.; width 3.7 mm. British Columbia, — Keen.

Recognizable very readily from crassipes and allies by the much
stouter head and prothorax, cuneiform and not parallel elytra in
the female, fuller tempora and many other features.

In the crassipes group there is a very marked and constant
sexual difference in the form and ornamentation of the elytra,
these being strongly cuneiform in the male, with the basal two-
fifths to half wholly pale and devoid of maculation, excepting a small
marginal post-humeral black spot; there is a submedian black
fascia, usually broadly interrupted at the suture, and the posterior
third is solidly black, excepting a small pale subapical spot. In the
female the elytra are perfectly parallel, much more broadly obtuse
at apex, and there is always an oblique discal fascia from behind the
humeri to or toward the suture, a large rounded marginal spot at
the middle and a black area in rather less than apical third and
including a much larger pale area, the black area more or less pro-
longed anteriorly and narrowly along the suture, usually to the
oblique fascia. The coloration of the abdomen and antennae is
variable and they are generally much paler in the female; the
abdomen is narrowly fasciate with a darker tint in the female as
a rule.

In treating of the allies of crassipes before me, I will not include the
distinct crassicornis, for the original description of the female of that
species states that it is ferruginous, shining, the elytra sparsely and
finely punctate, with the three fasciae and the black apex all connected
at the suture and margin; the prothorax is densely, anteriorly more
finely, punctate and apparently has the usual form of the crassipes
group; the antennae of the female are stout and not at all more
than half as long as the body; the length of the female type, which
is from an unrecorded part of California, is 15 mm. This could
by scarcely any possibility be the female of corusca, above described,
because the sculpture of the prothorax differs greatly and there
is no such marked sexual disparity in the antennae or coloration

CERAMBYCIDyE 263

of the body, as would be implied, now known among the other
species of the genus. The close allies of crassipes may be distin-
guished as follows; since the coloration in both sexes is constantly
as above described, only the salient points of difference will be
mentioned :

Metepisternum coarsely punctured posteriorly, finely and densely so
anteriorly; elytral punctures throughout well separated, moderate
in size basally, fine distally; male antennae extending nearly to the
tips of the elytra; pronotal punctures small but perforate, very close-
set but distinct; female elytra parallel nearly to the tips, there
rather rapidly rounding. Length (cf 9) 9.0-11.7 mm.; width 2.8-
3.7 mm. Pacific coast (from Sta. Cruz Co., Cal., to Vancouver

Island), [xanthogaster and fasciventris Lee.] crassipes Lee.

A — Nearly similar, except that the head and prothorax are relatively
smaller, the latter shorter and with the fine punctures so dense as
to be discerned individually with difficulty; elytral punctures
basally distinctly more close-set; antennae (cf ) a little shorter.
Length (o71) 9.0 mm.; width 2.8 mm. California (Mount Shasta).

shastana n. subsp.

Metepisternum coarsely punctured throughout; body black, shining,
the abdomen yellow, with faintly dusky fasciae; legs pale; antennae
pale, dusky at base and on the outer joints except toward their
bases, the tenth joint more than twice as long as wide; prothorax
strongly punctate, the punctures separated by their own diameters
or more medially; elytra (9) parallel but gradually narrowing
from slightly behind the middle, very gradually rounding to the
narrow sutural truncatures, the punctures sparser than in the pre-
ceding. Length (9) 10.5 mm.; width 3.0 mm. Vancouver Island.

Vancouver! n. sp.

Metepisternum finely, more closely punctured throughout, with a few
larger punctures interspersed posteriorly; body much larger, stouter,
similar in coloration, except that the slender abdominal fasciae are
black in the type; antennae shorter and stouter, the tenth joint (9 )
not quite twice as long as wide; prothorax larger, everywhere ex-
tremely densely and evenly punctate, the punctures fine but deep,
perforate and distinct; elytra parallel to near the tips, there rapidly
rounding as in crassipes, the punctures finer and sparser, except
through a relatively shorter distance basally, the maculation nearly
similar, except that the median lateral spot is more transverse and
more broadly isolated; abdomen more densely punctulate. Length
(?) !3-5 mm.; width 4.3 mm. California (locality unrecorded).

muliebris n. sp.

The different outline of the elytra posteriorly in vancouveri, is
well marked and distinctive, as well as the stronger and sparser
thoracic sculpture; muliebris also has a distinct appearance when
compared with the female of crassipes.

264 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Possibly rufula Hald., from Lake Superior, may also enter this
genus, but I have no example of it at present.

Stenostrophia n. gen.

The ornamentation in this genus is wholly unlike that observable
in any of the preceding, excepting Xestoleptura, where it is foretold
in such species as corusca. The species composing Stenostrophia
are small in size, rather narrow, though moderately inflated and
suboval in the female; they are, so far as discovered, tribalteata
Lee., serpentina Csy., and coguilletti Linell — all from the Pacific
coast regions. Serpentina has been hastily united with tribalteata
but is a valid species, differing greatly in the structure of the antennae,
particularly those of the male, where those organs are long, slender
and filiform, being scarcely at all shorter than the body and are
constantly testaceous in color throughout; in tribalteata they are
much thicker, shorter, more compact, differ less sexually and are
always deep black in color. My two examples of coguilletti , from
San Diego, indicate remarkable sexual diversity, the pubescence
of the female being longer, coarser and very dense, with the
punctures of the pronotum strong and extremely close-set, while
in the male the pubescence is shorter, finer and sparse, the
punctures of the prothorax being finer, feebler and notably sparse
throughout. I have noted no such sexual characters in the allied
tribalteata and serpentina, and it would be desirable to have more
material, carefully collected, before announcing these differences
as wholly due to sex. The large series in the National Museum,
from which Linell described the species, includes both the forms
mentioned.

Strophiona n. gen.

In this genus the species are stouter than in any other, very con-
stantly and distinctively ornamented by transverse pallid bands,
but in a way quite different from that characterizing the preceding
genus, from which also they differ in the more prominent sides of
the prothorax and form of the third hind tarsal joint. The de-
scribed species are nitens Forst., from the Atlantic regions and
l<zta Lee., from California. The six species in my collection may
be outlined as follows, the ornamentation being of the same type
throughout, with only more or less slight variation:

CERAMBYCID^ 265

Antennae more slender, extending to the posterior parts of the elytra in
the male, much shorter in the female; species eastern in range, not
crossing the Rocky Mountains to the westward 2

Antennae shorter and much stouter, extending barely beyond the middle
of the elytra even in the male; species of the far west, not crossing
the Rocky Mountains to the eastward; second and third elytral
fasciae broadly united at the suture in both sexes, the first tending to
unite with the second at the suture 3

2 — Head evidently narrower than the prothorax in both sexes, though
less distinctly so in the male, the elytra in the latter sex more
elongate, only very gradually cuneiform, more than twice as long
as wide, the second and third fasciae narrow, seldom exhibiting any
tendency to unite by sutural extension; pronotal punctures fine,
irregular in distribution, generally close-set. Length (cf) 10.5-
II. 8 mm.; (9) 9.5-12.7 mm.; width (cf) 3.6-3.9 mm., (9) 3.4-
4.7 mm. Rhode Island, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

nitens Forst.

Head in the male about as wide as the prothorax, the elytra in that sex
very much shorter, relatively broader at base and rapidly cuneiform,
not quite twice as long as wide, the external apical angle not so
posteriorly prolonged as in nitens and very minutely dentiform;
second and third golden fasciae broadly uniting longitudinally at
the suture; pronotal punctures not quite so small and less close-set.
Length (cf ) n.8 mm.; width 4.1 mm. Colorado bellina n. sp.

3 — Prothorax large, wider than long, strongly angulated and prominent
at the sides just before the middle; body more obese 4

Prothorax about as long as wide, only slightly and arcuately subinflated
at the sides before the middle 5

4 — Elytra in the female shorter, much less than twice as long as wide,
more strongly cuneiform than in nitens, minutely, not densely punctu-
late; pronotal punctures much stronger, moderately close-set; basal
joint of the antennae slender, arcuate and narrow basally, somewhat
inflated apically; last dorsal segment of the abdomen triangular,
flat, narrowly rounded at tip. Length (9 ) 13.0 mm.; width 5.3 mm..
California (near Sacramento — the type locality) laeta Lee.

Elytra in the female longer, more gradually though strongly cuneiform,
very nearly twice as long as wide, the punctures twice as large and
relatively denser; pronotal punctures not quite so strong as in Iccta
and denser; basal joint of the antennae thicker, evenly obconical;
last dorsal segment of the abdomen slightly convex, differing greatly
from lata in having the sides feebly converging to the much more
broadly rounded apex. Length (9) 15.0 mm.; width 5.6 mm.
New Mexico ostenta n. sp.

5 — Head (d71) as wide as the prothorax, very densely punctate and opaque,
the antennae moderately thick, the tenth joint more than twice as
long as wide; prothorax with almost even, rather strong punctures,
separated by from once to nearly twice their diameters, the vesti-
ture coarser and more evenly distributed than in Iceta; elytra strongly
cuneiform, four-fifths longer than wide, very finely and closely
punctate; lateral beading and contiguous flanks testaceous through-

266 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

out the length, rather widely and equally separating the black areas
from the side margin. Length (cf) 10.5 mm.; width 3.7 mm.

California (Los Angeles) tigrina n. sp.

Head (cf ) obviously narrower than the prothorax, much less developed
than in tigrina and not so densely punctate, the interspaces shining;
antennae nearly similar, dusky-testaceous throughout and very
opaque except basally, the tenth joint not quite twice as long as
wide; prothorax shining, the punctures rather strong and sparse,
dense only laterally, the vestiture long, rather sparse, not at all
concealing the surface; elytra narrower, moderately cuneiform,
barely a third wider than the prothorax, with stronger and more
separated punctures than in tigrina, the flanks not pale along the
pale lateral bead; legs more slender; body much smaller and narrower
than in tigrina. Length (cf) 8.8 mm.; width 3.0 mm. California
(locality unrecorded) reducta n. sp.

There seems to be no suggestion of sexual diversity in thoracic
punctuation or vestiture in this genus, and I have but little doubt
that the species above defined are amply valid, though described
from very limited material except in the case of nitens.

Leptura Linn.

In our fauna this genus, which has been the recipient of many
discordant elements and, as now organized, has become a very dis-
couraging complex, in which species obviously allied are sometimes
widely separated in the series, may be divided very satisfactorily
into well defined subgeneric groups as follows:

Antennae shorter, never as long as the body in either sex 2

Antennae longer, as long as the body to much longer in the male 4

2— Maxillary palpi more developed, very long; body large, the hind body
strongly cuneiform Group I

Maxillary palpi of moderate size; hind body less convex or cuneiform as a
rule 3

3 — Prothorax rounded at the sides, or at least not angulate; last dorsal
segment of the female simple Group II

Prothorax strongly angulated at the sides; last dorsal of the female
strongly carinate apically Group III

4 — Tibial spurs slightly ante-apical in insertion; tarsi less slender, some-
what hairy above as well as beneath; prothorax rounded to somewhat
prominent at the sides Group IV

Tibial spurs apical; tarsi extremely slender, scarcely at all hairy above;
prothorax of peculiar structure, being a truncated cone with slightly
arcuate median parts of the sides, or a regular trapezoid slightly
prominent at apex and base Group V

The third hind tarsal joint is strictly bilobed throughout. There

CERAMBYCID^: 267

are probably some other subgeneric groups in our fauna, necessitated
by species that I do not have before me at present, such perhaps as
brevicornis Lee.

Group I.
Subgenus Megaleptura nov.

The two very large and conspicuous species emarginata Fabr.,
and gigas Lee., alone constitute this rather isolated subgenus.
They are well known, though owing to their strong and high flight,
are difficult to capture and therefore not over common in collections.
They are throughout of a brilliant glossy black, the elytra dull and
rufous, with black tips, feebly and closely lyrate in gigas, plain in
emarginata.

Group II.
Subgenus Cosmosalia nov.

There are eight species in my collection assignable to this sub-
genus, comprising, among those heretofore described, nigrella Say
and the closely allied though more elongate carbonata Lee., also
auripilis and dolorosa of LeConte, chrysocoma Kirby — the type of
the subgenus — and nigrolineata Bland; it is probable that coccinea
Lee., should also be included. The following is allied to nigrella
and carbonata:

Leptura (Cosmosalia) praestans n. sp. — Form very elongate, narrower
and rather less convex than carbonata, deep black and moderately shining,
the elytra throughout bright red, excepting a marginal sharply denned
streak of black in posterior two-fifths; pubescence very short, blackish,
erect on the anterior parts ; head moderately finely, very densely punctate,
the tempora slightly more prominent than the eyes, tumid and subangu-
late, transverse at base; antennae (9 ) rather slender, extending barely at
all behind the middle, the tenth joint twice as long as wide; prothorax
as in nigrella but more unevenly punctate, the punctures medially and
laterally moderately coarse and densely confluent, between these areas
coarser and well separated, the smooth median line distinct, tumid on
the basal declivity; elytra two and one-half times as long as wide, two-
thirds wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel, abruptly rounding
near the middle, thence straight and moderately converging to the broad
apical arcuation extending to the narrowly sinuate apices, the punctures
a little smaller and less close-set than in nigrella or carbonata, much less
rapidly coarser basally than in the latter; abdomen shining, finely,
sparsely punctate. Length (9) 19.0 mm.; width 5.8 mm. Colorado.

268 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

The last dorsal segment of the abdomen is broader basally and
with more strongly converging sides than in either of the species
mentioned in the description. In nigrella the male elytra are dark
brown in color throughout.

The following species is allied to auripilis and chrysocoma, which
are amply distinct and by no means connected subspecifically;
auripilis is twice as large as auricoma and differs in its much less
crowded and more distinct thoracic punctures, as well as in the less
rapidly cuneiform elytra and many other features:

Leptura (Cosmosalia) aureola n. sp. — Form, size and vestiture nearly
as in auripilis Lee.; head and antennae nearly similar, except that the
latter are not black throughout but become largely pale testaceous
basally, excepting the basal joint, which is black; prothorax of similar
outline but less densely pubescent, the hairs shorter, the punctures much
less close-set, being separated medially by two to three times their
diameters; elytra nearly similar but with the punctures less fine, differing
distinctly in the external outline apically, which here rounds in more
rapidly to the narrower apical truncatures. Length (9) 16.8 mm.;
width 5.5 mm. Colorado.

The two type examples, from the Levette collection, are perfectly
similar and have been compared with a typical female of auripilis
from Jemez Springs, New Mexico, virtually the type locality, which
is Santa Fe. The fourth palpal joint in auripilis has a very deep
excavation extending from near the base to and through the truncate
apex. A third female of aureola before me, from Boulder Co.,
Colorado, more clearly displaying the palpi and differing from the
types only in having entirely black antennae — possibly from greater
maturity — the fourth palpal joint is very different, having only a
very feeble elliptical flattening, extending from basal to apical third
of the length. A single male, also from Boulder Co., is much smaller
and very much more slender than the female and has the fifth ventral
broadly, rectilinearly truncate at apex, with broadly rounded angles
at the sides. The prothorax is relatively distinctly larger in auri-
pilis than in aureola.

Group III.

Subgenus Cercolia nov.

Two similarly colored species alone compose this subgenus, as
far as known to me. They are deep black throughout the body,
legs and antennae, and with hexagonal, strongly, very densely

CERAMBYCID^E 269

punctate prothorax, but the elytra are pale reddish or yellowish
brown, with the apices black; the pubescence is fine, rather long,
erect and distinct on the anterior parts, short, inclined and sparse
on the elytra; they may be distinguished as follows:

Elytral punctures close-set throughout and especially on the flanks,
where they are subcontiguous; body stouter and larger, the black
apical area of the el«ytra not ascending at the sides. Male only
moderately narrower and with more cuneiform elytra than the
female and much more closely punctate; fifth ventral segment
remarkably modified, broadly arcuato-truncate at apex, with an
acute sharp incision, triangular in form, deeper than wide and ex-
tending almost to the base of the segment. Female with the ridge
of the last dorsal segment horizontal along its summit to the extreme
apex, often turned upward and very prominent at tip; abdomen finely,
feebly and not densely punctate. Length (c? 9 ) 13.0-16.8 mm.;
width 4.4-6.0 mm. Pennsylvania to Wisconsin (Bayfield).

proxima Say

Elytral punctures not quite so coarse and everywhere distinctly separated,
black of the elytral apices ascending at the sides. Male smaller
and narrower than in proxima, with the elytra more rapidly cunei-
form and relatively much more acutely rounded at apex, the narrow
truncatures similar, otherwise nearly as in proxima, except that the
sides of the prothorax are not so strongly angulated and the antennae
a little shorter; fifth ventral segment differing profoundly, being
evenly truncate at apex and without trace of sinus or incisure;
abdomen still more densely punctulate. Female not at hand.
Length (cf) 11.7-12.5 mm.; width 4.0-4.2 mm. Wisconsin (Bay-
field), — Wickham minnesotana n. sp.

That two forms, resembling each other so closely and occurring in
the same locality, should differ so radically in male sexual characters
as to render any other assumption than that of a truly specific
status quite untenable, is most remarkable; the condition exists,
however, in many other parts of the Coleoptera, such as Reichen-
bachius and Lachnosterna, and serves to point a moral against such
hasty verdicts concerning specific identity as seem to be the fashion
in many quarters.

Group IV.
Subgenus Dorcasina nov.

The coloration and style of ornamentation are as constant
through the four species of this subgenus as among the members of
the preceding group, the body, legs and antennae being pale, the
elytra each with a cloud-like rounded black spot externally near

270 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

the middle. The sculpture is generally rather fine and dense, but
becomes coarser in the Atlantic coast species, which differ also in
their more slender form and more slender antennae, which are less
opaque near the base. The prothorax is campanulate, with the
basal angles laterally prominent and acute in the western species,
but not at all so in the Atlantic species; the sides are sometimes
prominent medially. The vestiture is very short throughout, a
little longer and less erect on the prothorax of the eastern represen-
tatives. The species so far as known to me may be thus defined in
brief, matthewsi being the type:

Species of the Pacific coast, stout, the prothorax strongly campanulate;
lustre rather dull almost throughout 2

Species of the Atlantic coast, more slender, the prothorax less cam-
panulate, broadly rounded to obtusely angulate at the sides but
with the basal angles not at all prominent; antennae more slender,
not opaque throughout 3

2 — Hind body shorter, the elytra very rapidly cuneiform (cf ), or feebly
so with more rounded sides (9); head and prothorax finely, ex-
tremely densely punctate and dull, the elytra with moderately
coarse, very close-set punctures, becoming fine apically, the apices
obtuse, not evidently truncate, the angles all rounded; tarsi moder-
ate, the posterior (cf) distinctly shorter than the tibiae. Length
(cf) 10.0-14.0, (9) 12.0 mm.; width (cf) 3.2-4.8, (9) 4.4 mm.
California (Sta. Cruz Co.) matthewsi Lee.

Hind body more elongate, the size larger, the male antennae still more
elongate, more than one-half longer than the body, the last joint 4
mm. in length in the type, the fifth 2.6 mm. ; prothorax more strongly
and distinctly punctate, the punctures dense but becoming well
separated medially, except anteriorly, the surface feebly and broadly
impressed along the middle from about the centre to the broad apical
constriction; elytra longer, more gradually cuneiform (cf), or less
cuneiform, with slightly arcuate sides posteriorly and much broader
(9); the punctures nearly similar but less close-set; tarsi much
longer, the posterior (cf ) as long as the tibiae, or distinctly shorter
(9 )• Length (cf ) 14.6, (9 ) 17.0 mm.; width (cf ) 4.8, (9 ) 6.2 mm.
California (Gualala, Mendocirio Co.) macrocera n. sp.

3 — Body moderately slender, convex, somewhat shining, pale luteous
throughout, excepting a small blackish external medial spot on
each elytron and the head, which is piceous and densely, rugosely
punctate, the tempora broadly rounded and transverse, more parallel
near the eyes; antennae about a fourth longer than the body, slender
and filiform; prothorax barely as long as wide, moderately narrowed
at apex, rounded on the sides, biconstricted, the surface somewhat
channeled medially between the constrictions, the punctures rather
coarse, sparse, uneven in distribution; elytra only moderately cunei-
form, rather obtuse at apex, the truncatures sharply defined and

CERAMBYCID^E 271

slightly oblique; punctures coarse and close-set, becoming small
apically; supplementary apical dorsal segment very broadly arcuato-
truncate and obtuse. Length (cf ) n.o mm.; width 3.6 mm. Penn-
sylvania biforis Newm.

Body still more slender, with the elytra more rapidly cuneiform, more
acute at apex, with nearly similar truncatures; color pale luteous, the
metasternum blackish, the prothorax mottled blackish and dusky
rufous, the head black and the elytral spots as in biforis; head densely,
subrugosely punctate, the tempora subangulate; antennae not quite
so long and rather more slender; prothorax nearly similar but nar-
rower, longer than wide; elytra as coarsely but much less closely
punctate; supplementary segment, behind the last dorsal, obtusely
but abruptly lobed at the middle of its hind margin; abdomen densely
punctulate though rather less densely than in biforis. Length (cf )
9.8 mm.; width 3.0 mm. New York (Bluff Point on Lake Cham-
plain) laurentica n. sp.

It would be almost a certainty that Lept. gnathoides of LeConte,
belongs to this subgenus, were it not that the antennae seem too
short and heavy; in coloration it agrees with the four species above
assigned to it.

Group V.

Subgenus Trachysida nov.

This subgenus, which is very isolated in the general habitus of the
body, due to the slender form, truncated conical or trapezoidal
prothorax and prevalence of dense subasperate sculpture, contains
at present, so far as known to me, but three species, mutabilis Newm.,
and as per a and pedalis of LeConte. Mutabilis — the type of the
subgenus — is composite, as we have it in our collections, but as the
forms are closely allied, large and carefully collected series will be
necessary before coming to any definite conclusion. One pair from
Marquette, Mich., in my collection, for instance, is of larger size
and rather thicker neck than another pair from Bayfield, Wise.;
another, a female, from Wales, Maine, has looser punctuation, a
transverse prothorax, very thick neck and fuller tempora than any
other, and finally, a good series from Framingham, Mass., given me
by C. A. Frost is of smaller size, shorter form and more pubescent
prothorax in the male. The elytra may be entirely pale or black
in all of these subdivisions, this being an asexual peculiarity as in
Leptacm&ops . Quadricollis of LeConte, also probably enters this
subgenus but I have not seen it.

272 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Bellamira Lee.

Although placed as a subgenus of Strangalia by Aurivillius,
Bellamira is I think more correctly a distinct genus. It truly bears
a strong superficial resemblance to Ophistomis (Strangalina Auriv.
pars), but an inspection of the front of the head shows a complete
dissimilarity, the front before the antennae being very broad and
but little extended, not at all like the narrow produced form char-
acterizing Ophistomis. The antennae, apparently devoid of sensi-
tive pits, ally it more closely with the true Strangalia, but the deeply
biconstricted prothorax is strikingly different ; finally, this singularly
composite genus in its male sexual characters displays a complete
analogy with our Ophistomis virilis, famelica and acuminata. The
genus was represented by Leptura scalaris Say alone, until recently
(Bull. Bk. Inst., I, p. 342), when Schaeffer added antennata, from
Arizona.

Typocerus Lee.

This genus was also reduced to the status of a subgenus of
Strangalia by the author mentioned, but also unnecessarily, as it
differs in habitus, type of ornamentation and in possessing a very
elaborate system of poriferous sensitive areas on the outer antennal
joints. These sensitive impressions or fossae differ markedly in the
sexes, being less extended in the female. Besides the well known
zebra and velutinus of Olivier, the genus will comprise, of described
species, lunatus Fabr., badius and sinuatus Newm., lugubris Say,
sparsus and brunnicornis of LeConte, and balteatus Horn. Badius
is a Florida species of peculiar appearance, which is extremely rare
and local and balteatus Horn, is widely distinct in general appear-
ance, having yellow elytra with narrow transverse fasciae of darker
tint; both these species are still desiderata in my collection, but
there is a good series of balteatus in the collection of the National
Museum. The two following species are very distinct in their
male sexual characters:

Typocerus confluens n. sp. — Form and size somewhat as in velutimis,
but more elongate, black, the elytra with the base, nubilously enclosing
a more sharply paler subscutellar spot and two transverse series, each
composed of two moderate spots, the inner sometimes wanting and some-
times larger, tending to unite with the outer and rarely with themselves
along the suture, and a small subapical spot, all pale yellow and rather
sharply denned on the black ground; legs pale, the tarsi and tibiae for

CERAMBYCIDJE 273

the most part black; head finely, very densely punctate; antennae black,
two-thirds as long as the body (cf ), with the outer sensitive areas smaller
and feebler than usual, being half to three-fourths as long as the joints,
or half as long as the body (9 ), with the sensitive areas small and basal;
prothorax nearly as in velutimis, convex, the punctures rather small, well
separated, closer anteriorly; elytra elongate, cuneiform, less so and with
more rounded sides in the female, deeply and conspicuously though not
coarsely punctate, the punctures well separated basally, becoming very
close and a little smaller distally, the apices narrowly and scarcely ob-
liquely truncate, the outer angle not prolonged. Length (cf 9 ) 1 1.5-13.0
mm.; width 4.0-4.5 mm. Kansas and Colorado.

The fifth ventral in the male is somewhat tumid and has a large
and very deep apical excavation, limited by acutely elevated sides
posteriorly and extending to basal third, gradually narrowing and
becoming extinct. The female is much less abundantly taken than
the male, as usual in the genus.

Typocerus caligans n. sp. — Form narrower (cf) or stouter (9) than
in the preceding, rufo-testaceous, the under surface and tarsi picescent;
vestiture pale and, as in the preceding, sparser than in vehttinus, not so
concealing the thoracic surface; head less finely, closely but more irreg-
ularly punctate than in the preceding, the antennae blackish, gradually
pale basally, strongly serrate distally (cf ) and with the sensitive areas
paler in tint and very distinct, two-thirds as long as the body, or ( 9 )
shorter though otherwise similar, incrassate and serrate distally, with
the sensitive spots smaller; prothorax nearly similar; elytra narrow and
elongate-cuneiform (cf), or very broad, with more rounded sides (9),
very feebly stibobliquely truncate at the tips, red-brown in color, with
scarcely any maculation (cf ), or with three nubilously paler bands and
basal area (9 ), the two medial uniting on the suture. Length (cf ) n.o,
(9 ) 13-5 mm-; width (cf ) 3-9, ( 9 ) 4-7 mm. Kansas.

The male sexual modification of the fifth ventral is nearly as in
confluens, except that the very deep pit is shorter, not extending
behind the middle, more abruptly ending and with similarly elevated
side walls posteriorly. It differs from confluens in color, in the
greater sexual disparity in size and outline and notably in the
more incrassate distal part of the antennae in both sexes.

In nearly all collections velutinus is represented by a rather
heterogeneous lot of material, and I have made an attempt, recorded
below, as far as my own is concerned, to segregate the specimens into
what appear to be distinct species; they differ among themselves
quite evidently in the form of the elytral apices, extent of the
antennal sensitive spaces, degree and extent of maculation, sculpture
of the prothorax and other features and may be known as follows:

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

274 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Elytral apices feebly oblique, acutely bidenticulate, the outer tooth not
much prolonged; form moderately stout, convex, black, the elytra,
abdomen and legs red-brown, the tarsi infuscate apically, the four
paler elytral fasciae nearly always distinct and well developed though
interrupted medially; head very finely, closely punctulate, with
coarse punctures intermingled basally; antennae black, moderately
slender, only very feebly serrulate and not incrassate distally;
prothorax campanulate, convex, with distinct and evenly distributed
punctures, mingled with some coarse punctures on the flanks pos-
teriorly, the vestiture coarse, golden, decumbent and close but not
dense, except in the apical and basal constrictions; elytra rapidly
cuneiform (c?1), or feebly so and less rectilinear at the sides (9),
finely, not densely but strongly punctulate, the hairs stiff, short,
fuscous or pale according to the ground tint; male with the fifth
ventral canalicularly and distinctly impressed distally, elongate,
rounded at tip, the abdomen gradually deflexed apically. Length
(cf 9 ) 10.0-12.0 mm.; width 3.0-4.4 mm. Massachusetts, Penn-
sylvania, Kansas and Wisconsin (Bayfield). Very abundant.

velutinus Oliv.

Elytral apices narrower and extremely oblique, the outer angle much
prolonged and very acute; elytral maculation always less developed . 2

2 — Prothorax evenly campanulate, nearly as in velutinus but narrower;
body narrower and more elongate, similar in coloration, except
that the tarsi are almost wholly black; pubescence nearly similar;
head nearly similar, the deep black antennae longer, being four-fifths
as long as the body (cf), much more strongly serrate distally and with
the sensitive areas more oval and less linear; prothorax finely
punctate, with coarser punctures intermingled throughout, giving a
more fasciculate appearance to the pubescence, very coarse through-
out on the flanks; elytra narrower, strongly cuneiform, with the
paler fasciae almost always feeble, the second invaribly wanting,
sometimes without trace of maculation, except the small subapical
spot, which is the most constant of all; punctuation nearly similar,
the short stiff pubescence always paler and fulvous; male with the
fifth ventral never having more than a trace of apical impression.
Length (cf 9 ) 9.8-11.8 mm.; width 2.9-3.9 mm- Massachusetts,
New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Abundant acuticauda n. sp.

Prothorax inflated anteriorly, being there about as wide as it is just before
the basal angles and rapidly narrowing to the apical constriction;
coloration and vestiture as in the preceding; head similar but larger,
the eyes more widely separated; antennae similar but with the sen-
sitive areas less defined and not paler in color or silvery; prothorax
larger and more elongate, sculptured and clothed nearly as in
acuticauda; elytra similar and strongly cuneiform but much less
distinctly exceeding the prothorax in width, uniformly darker red-
brown, without trace of maculation at any part in the type, the
sculpture and vestiture similar; fifth male ventral nearly as in
acuticauda. Length (cf) n.8 mm.; width 3.6 mm. A single ex-
ample, without indication of locality, from the Levette collection.

thoracicus n. sp.

CERAMBYCID^; 275

The larger head and prothorax, the latter more elongate and more
parallel, owing to the anterior inflation, impart to the type of thora-
cicus a very different appearance from any other of the numerous
examples of velutinus and acuticauda at hand, although this may
not be apparent from the description.

Ophistomis Thorns.
Strangalia Lee. nee Serv. ; Strangalina Auriv. (pars).

On comparing a typical Ophistomis from Brazil, fulvicornis Bates,
received from that author, with our North American series, I can
find no decided difference and conclude that our species should be
recorded under that name, rather than Strangalina Auriv., even
though the European type of the latter should be generically the
same as ours.* The hind tarsi are missing in the example of fulvi-
cornis referred to, but I have no doubt that the third joint is slender
and cylindric in form. This notably slender, cylindric, apically
feebly emarginate form of the third hind tarsal joint, distinguishes
our species from Leptura and Acmceops and serves also as one of the
characters separating them from Bellamira, where the third joint
is broad and truly bilobed, besides the biconstricted prothorax of
the latter genus. The minute fourth joint at the base of what is
really the fifth, is often very distinct. The antennal poriferous
depressions become somewhat more inconstant here than in Typo-
cerus, these being very deep and acutely defined in texana, very
shallow though evident in sexnotata and obsolete in the female of
montana and very minute in the male — three species otherwise
evidently allied. Montana is not by any means a variety of
sexnotata, having pale incrassate antennae. The following are new
forms more or less recently received, which can be interpolated
readily in the table of LeConte (Sm. Misc. Coll., 264, p. 211;;
the first two are related to sexnotata Hald., but have pale antennae,
not, however, incrassate and compact distally as they are in
montana.

*Some of the Mexican species figured by Bates, such as picticornis, belli, histrio,
lachrymans, felix and saltator, are faithful reproductions, in general habitus, of our
northern species of the usual virilis and luteicornis type, but others, such as nigrella,
f alveola and pallida, will necessitate at least another genus, the peculiarly attenuated,
laterally sinuate form of the elytra, not possessed by these latter species, being one
of the generic peculiarities of Ophistomis.

276 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Ophistomis texana n. sp. — Form and ornamentation as in sexnotata,
but with finer and closer thoracic sculpture, the elytral punctures also
somewhat less coarse; head nearly similar; antennae rather more slender
and elongate and not deep black but always pale in color throughout,
not infuscate or stouter distally as they are in montana, the poriferous
spaces of the last four joints (cf ) oval, only slightly elongate, deep and
sharply defined, minute on the preceding joint, or ( 9 ) very much smaller,
deep though less acutely defined; prothorax longer than wide, closely,
moderately strongly sculptured and immaculate; elytra as in sexnotata,
the sutural angle at apex being wholly obliterated, the sutural edge
evenly rounding outwardly to the very acute tip; male with the terminal
impression of the slender pale last ventral deep and large, rounded; legs
very slender. Length— to tips of elytra (cf 9 ) 10.0-12.0 mm. ; width 2.5-
3.0 mm. Texas (locality unrecorded).

In the male of sexnotata, the terminal impression of the last ventral
is much smaller and feebler and the poriferous spaces of the outer
antennal joints are longer, being a little less than half as long as the
joints, very shallow and not so sharply denned as in texana. The
elytral maculation is sharply denned and deep black in the female,
but is faded out more or less in the male, a character not noted in
sexnotata or the following:

Ophistomis evanescens n. sp. — Nearly similar to the preceding in
sculpture and coloration but rather more slender, the prothorax, es-
pecially, being narrower and much longer than wide, differing particu-
larly in the antennae, which have the first five joints dusky testaceous,
sparsely and inconspicuously pubescent, the remainder abruptly pale
flavate throughout and with the short vestiture coarse, dense, very pale
and notably different and also differing in having the fifth male ventral
less elongate, more convex and with the terminal impression almost
completely obsolete; elytral markings deep black in the male and as in
sexnotata, the acute apices also as in that species and texana; legs pale
throughout as in texana and not bicolored as they are in sexnotata; tarsi
piceous-black distally. Length (c/1) 9-5 mm.; width 2.4 mm. Texas
(Harris Co.).

In the male of texana the last dorsal segment is a little wider and
has the sides feebly arcuate, while in evanescens this segment, though
similarly pale in color, has the sides feebly converging and straight;
in both, there is a very small supplementary segment behind the
segment referred to, which in texana is more strongly rounded at
tip than in evanescens.

The three following species are allied to luteicornis, having the
elytral apices obliquely truncate and with evident sutural angles
but without the swollen male abdominal apex of virilis andfamelica:

CERAMBYCID^E 277

Ophistomis eversa n. sp. — Form, coloration and sculpture nearly as in
luteicornis, except that the elytra are slightly more abbreviated, dehiscent
at apex through a greater extent and without the black suture, the post-
basal spots but rarely transversely united and, so far as known, only in
the female and the black humeral spot not extending to the scutellum,
the pronotal black vittae similar but without more than a trace of
the two large approximate occipital black spots of that species, the legs
long, very slender, pale throughout, except the black apex of the hind
femora — also as in luteicornis; head and antennae (d71) nearly similar,
except that the sensitive areas of the sides of the outer joints are less
extended, the elongate apical and small basal areas of each joint widely
separated whereas in luteicornis these areas are larger and very approxi-
mate. Length (cf 9 ) 9.0-11.0 mm.; width 2.2-2.8 mm. Illinois. Four
examples.

The male channel-like concavity of the last ventral is as in lutei-
cornis. The external sinuous outline of the posterior part of the
elytra is more pronounced than in that species, but, having in mind
the general mutual resemblance, especially in the peculiar coloration
of the legs, it is quite possible that eversa should not have higher
rank than a subspecies. In eversa the elytral spots are rounded
within and but rarely attain the suture, the latter being almost
universally the case in luteicornis; the latter species is represented in
my collection by a large series from Pennsylvania.

Ophistomis carolinae n. sp. — General organization and fine close
sculpture as in luteicornis, but stouter and with the long slender legs pale
throughout; head differing greatly in having the eyes smaller and the
very retracted tempora behind them more evident, tumid and less oblique;
antennae very slender, piceous-black throughout, the feeble sensitive
areas of the outer joints narrow, not occupying more than apical half, the
basal areolae of the preceding extremely small, feeble and obsolescent;
two black occipital spots of luteicornis well developed; prothorax as in
that species, except that the two discal vittae are very fine; elytra broader,
less curved or dehiscent apically, pale throughout, except a rounded sub-
median discal spot and a feeble cloud at apical fourth, the sutural bead
black only basally; male having the apical concavity of the last ventral
much shorter, prolonged anteriorly to near the base by a narrower and
still feebler evanescent impression. Length (cf) 10.5 mm.; width 2. 6 mm.
South Carolina.

This is without doubt specifically distinct from luteicornis; it
differs in coloration of the elytra, legs and antennae, as well as in the
stouter form, larger tempora and in the male ventral characters.
In luteicornis and eversa the entire under surface is pale, while
in Carolina the under surface is wholly deep black, except the
abdomen, which is bright red.

278 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Ophistomis ochreipennis n. sp. — Much shorter in form than luteicornis,
the fine sculpture nearly similar but much less dense on the prothorax,
pale ferruginous, the basal part of the head broadly black from eye to
eye; prothorax (cf ) bivittate with black as in that species, without trace
of vittae (9 ); elytra pale ferruginous throughout, except the sutural and
external entire black beading and a nubilous fuscous indefinite area near
apical fourth; anterior legs pale, with piceous tarsi, the intermediate
with nubilously black femoral and tibial apices and wholly deep black
tarsi, the posterior black, the tibiae gradually pale basally and the femora
pale, with blackish apex; head as in luteicornis, except that the eyes are
not so developed, the tempora larger, though similarly very oblique and
arcuate; antennae very slender, deep black throughout, the sensitive
areas as in eversa; prothorax formed nearly as in that species; elytra
notably short, barely two and one-half times as long as the prothorax (cf )
and less than three times as long (9 ), very narrow, sinuous and everted
distally as in eversa; abdomen wholly deep black above and beneath
throughout, the concavity of the last ventral (c?) much more extended
than in luteicornis or eversa, extending, decreasingly though deeply, to the
extreme base; female larger and stouter than the male, the black abdomen
becoming faintly refuscent at apex above and beneath. Length (cf 9 )
9.5-11.5 mm.; width 2.4-3.2 mm. Unlabeled in the Levette collection.

This species is widely distinct from luteicornis or any of the
preceding, though belonging to the same group; its habitat is
unfortunately not known, but perhaps may be Colorado, Indiana or
Florida in order of likelihood. The following is closely allied to
bicolor, of which it may possibly prove to be rather a geographic
subspecies than a distinct species:

Ophistomis simulans n. sp. — Coloration and sculpture, male sexual
characters and general habitus throughout almost exactly as in bicolor,
but it differs in its relatively broader and much less elongate elytra, the
outer apical angle of which is nuach less prolonged and less acute, also
in having the two sensitive areas of the outer male antennal joints vir-
tually contiguous, whereas in bicolor they are well separated throughout
on the somewhat more elongate outer joints. Length (cf 9) 10.3-11.3
mm.; width 2.3-2.5 mm. Colorado. Levette collection.

Placed side by side, the two series of examples, six of bicolor and
four of simulans, can be observed to differ decidedly in form and size,
but that is all that can be said conclusively at present, except in
regard to the antennal characters mentioned.

Subfamily LAMIIN.E.

The transition from the preceding groups to such compact bulky
forms as many of the Lamiids, is too abrupt and it would be better
to have the Clytini form the pre-Lamiid group of the Cerambycinse.

CERAMBYCID/E 279

In fact, some of the forms placed near the head of the Lamiinse by
LeConte and Horn, such as Cyrtinus and Psenocerus might better
be transferred to the Clytini, where the type species were originally
placed by Haldeman and Say respectively. The species described
by the writer as Psenocerus tristis, afterwards suppressed by Hamil-
ton, is by no means the same as supernotatus or even a subspecies;
it is abundantly distinct in outline, structure and habitus and should
be rehabilitated. There is another species of the genus in my collec-
tion from Tamaulipas, Mex.

Tribe DORCADIONINI.
Ipochus Lee.

This is one of the very few American types representing the
extremely numerous and diversified Dorcadion and Parmena of the
old world; it is a very local development, confined to the coast
regions of southern California and is moderately rich in species;
it is allied very closely to Parmena, differing almost solely in the
absence of lateral thoracic prominences; the type of elytral vesti-
ture seems to be the same in both. The species in my cabinet may
be recognized as follows:

Elytral punctures simple; last ventral segment of the male broadly
arcuato-truncate and simple at apex 2

Elytral punctures more or less evidently asperate; last ventral strongly
margined medially at apex in the male 7

2 — Prostrate hairs of the elytra long and usually denser 3

Prostrate hairs very much shorter and generally distinctly sparser. . . .4

3 — Fasciae of the elytra white, narrow; vestiture of the prothorax not
conspicuously dense, having the four small clusters of ; white hairs
very distinct; body rather narrow, very convex, the elytral humeri
moderately impressed; antennae as long as the body; erect hairs
very numerous, white and blackish intermingled. Length (cf) 6.5
mm.; width 2.1 mm. California (near San Diego), — Ricksecker.

hispidus n. sp.

Fasciae yellowish, the posterior very broad, equalling nearly half the elytral
length, its anterior limit sharply biserrate, the subbasal fascia
narrow; vestiture of the prothorax very dense, pale brown and con-
spicuous, the four pale points evident; antennae (9 ) nearly as long
as the body, gradually and feebly tapering; erect hairs relatively
less abundant than in the preceding; prothorax decidedly transverse,
not as wide at base as at apex. Length (9) 8.0 mm.; width 3.3
mm. California (near San Diego), — Dunn pubescens Csy.

4 — Prothorax (9) rather strongly transverse, somewhat hexagonal, the
sides being very broadly angulate medially; body piceous in color,

280 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

small, unusually abbreviated and with the two elytral fasciae much
less widely separated, this distance on the suture being less than
half the elytral length; the fasciae are yellowish in color; antennae
fully as long as the body; erect hairs long and numerous; elytral
humeri barely at all impressed. Length ( 9 ) 4.7 mm. ; width 1.8 mm.
California (without further indication of locality) . . . .parvulus n. sp.

Prothorax ( 9 ) but slightly or not wider than long, rounded at the sides,
the latter thence more converging and straighter to the base than
to the apex 5

5 — Prothorax (cf) as long as wide, globular; size very small, narrow,
rather densely dusky-pubescent throughout, except the small pro-
notal points and very narrow imperfect elytral fasciae, which are
whitish, the erect hairs long and abundant, those of the elytra a
third as long as the width of the latter; antennae (cf ) rather stout,
not longer than the body; elytral humeri barely impressed, with the
coarse punctures confined to a subbasal transverse series. Length
(cf ) 5.0 mm.; width 1.4 mm. California (Los Angeles Co.).

globicollis n. sp.

Prothorax (c?) not quite as long as wide and not so nearly globular,
being more broadly truncate at apex 6

6 — Prothorax uniformly punctured throughout, legs stout, the hind
femora (9 ) not quite twice as long as the tarsi; male slender, with
the prothorax slightly wider than the elytra; female larger and very
much stouter, with the prothorax narrower than the elytra; antennae
differing scarcely at all sexually, though relatively a little longer in
the male; minute punctulation of the elytral ground dense, the
larger punctures notably coarse in both sexes; humeri rather feebly
impressed. Length (<f 9 ) 6.3-7.8 mm.; width 2.0-3.3 mm- Cali-
fornia (Los Angeles Co.) subnitidus Csy.

Prothorax less evenly punctured, less closely so medially; minute punctu-
lation of the elytra much less dense and still more minute than in
subnitidus, the elytra shorter and with the punctures notably smaller
and still sparser, the surface more shining, the white fasciae distinct
though rather narrow and entire, biarcuate; humeri deeply and con-
spicuously impressed; legs nearly similar. Length (cf 9 ) 5.7-7.0
mm.; width 2.2-2.8 mm. California (near San Diego), — Ricksecker;
also taken by the writer at San Diego fasciatus Lee.

7 — Elytral punctures feebly asperate; body of the usual form and color,
narrow in the male but with the prothorax scarcely as wide as the
elytra, dark piceous, rather shining, the prostrate vestiture very
short, the larger punctures sparse, coarse on the prothorax, much
smaller on the elytra, the humeri feebly impressed; antennas as long
as the body, feebly tapering; pronotal fascicules distinct, the elytral
fasciae narrow and unusually approximate, being separated by less
than half the elytral length, the anterior less basal than usual.
Length (cf) 5.2-6.0 mm.; width 1.7-2.0 mm. California (Mon-
terey). Shaken from the Monterey Pine by the writer.

pinicola n. sp.

Elytral punctures rather coarser and very strongly asperate throughout;
body moderately stout, similar in color; prothorax (9) equal in

CERAMBYCID.E 28 1

width to the elytra, distinctly transverse, rounded and inflated at
the sides before the middle, coarsely, sparsely punctate, the punc-
tures granuliferous, the four spots large, yellow, somewhat diffused,
the elytral fasciae narrow, rather diffused, yellowish, the humeri not
in the least impressed; antennae (9 ) fully as long as the body; de-
pressed pubescence throughout the body short, not at all dense or
conspicuous, the surface shining. Length (9) 6.8 mm.; width 2.6
mm. California (Island of Santa Catalina), — Fall., .catalinae n. sp.

There is a general similarity of habitus, form and color pervading
all the modifications of Ipochus above noted, so that they have
been neglected hitherto and all considered asfasciatus Lee., without
any sort of discriminative investigation so far as recorded. A closer
study reveals considerable diversity however, and I have but little
doubt of the validity of the species named in the table. They are
generally arboreal in habits and not epigeal as stated by LeConte
and Horn.

It is probable that the Mexican Parmena villosa of Bates, is
closely allied to Ipochus, but the sculpture of the body seems to be
different.

Moneilema Say.
Monilema Lee. et Horn.

The species of this genus are numerous though frequently closely
allied, and they are but slightly diversified in structural characters
as a rule; there are probably fifty or more represented in cabinets,
but only very few, having more salient and striking distinctive
features, have been described. Those present in my collection may
be defined as follows:*

Subgenus Moneilema in sp.

First antennal joint acute externally at apex; basal joint of the hind
tarsi more elongate; anterior parts smaller when compared

with the hind body.

Antennal joints three to five or six annulate with white pubescence. . . .2
Antennal joint four alone annulate with white; body much larger; pro-
thorax without trace of lateral tubercle 5

2 — Pronotum barely at all punctured except near the base 3

* I have followed Say in giving the specific names the feminine ending, harmonizing
with the general rule for Latin words of whatever derivation ending in a, and as observed
in Lema of the Chrysomelidse. The recorded measurements of length extend only to
the tips of the elytra.

282 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Pronotum equally but very sparsely and irregularly punctured through-
out 4

3 — Form stouter, the elytra barely at all narrower at base than near the
middle, black, glabrous, the prothorax sometimes dusky rufous;
annulation of the antennae moderately marked; prothorax rather
strongly transverse, the lateral tubercle short and very broad though
angulate; elytra only about one-half longer than wide, narrowed
behind, moderately obtuse at apex, the surface with large irregular
anastomosing furrows and coarse sparse punctures, denser and rougher
on the inflexed sides basally and all obsolescent apically. Length
(cf 9 ) 14.0-18.5 mm.; width 5.8-8.2 mm. Kansas., .annulata Say
Form more slender, with relatively smaller anterior parts and more
inflated and convex hind body, deeper black throughout, not gla-
brous, the elytra with very minute ashy hairs, which are condensed
in a broad lateral streak from the middle to the apex, the exposed tip
of the last dorsal segment (cf) also densely clothed with ashy
pubescence, which becomes very minute and sparser ( 9 ) ; antennae
with the ashy annuli very conspicuous; prothorax but little wider
than long, the lateral tubercle small, obtusely pointed; elytra inflated
medially, more strongly narrowed posteriorly to the still more nar-
rowly obtuse apex, distinctly narrower at base than at the middle;
surface shining, obtusely corrugated in wavy lines, the punctures
large but feeble, sparse, much stronger, dense and asperate on the
basal parts of the inflexed flanks; tarsi more slender than in any other
species, also shorter than in the preceding. Length (cf 9 ) 13-5-15.5
mm.; width 5.8-7.0 mm. Kansas (Hamilton Co.) and Colorado.

nubecula n. sp.

A — Form, coloration and lustre as in nubecula, the rugae of the elytra
more obsolete and the punctures of the inflexed flanks larger and
less asperate, the small ashy hairs of the elytra only visible in the
depressions in the type, the last dorsal (cf) with the hairs, though
dense, much more minute and less conspicuous; antennae ap-
parently much more obscurely annulate; last ventral segment (cf )
more broadly sinuate at tip. Length (cf ) 13.8 mm. ; width 6.0 mm.

Kansas (locality unrecorded) demissa n. subsp.

4 — Body more elongate than in the preceding and forming part properly
the following group, deep black, alutaceous, shining, glabrous at
the sides and beneath as in all the following species; antennal joints
three to six annulate but imperfectly on the fifth and sixth; pro-
thorax very nearly as long as wide, subinflated at the sides near the
apex and very slightly wider there than at base, the sides feebly and
broadly undulated, without trace of tubercle; scutellum broadly tri-
angular, very minutely, evenly punctulate and with very fine
decumbent hairs; elytra four-fifths longer than wide, evenly oval,
convex, the sides slightly prominent basally; surface with a peculiar
system of fine and rapidly waving, feeble impressed lines and, to
slightly behind the middle, with rather small but deep and perforate
sparse punctures, which, on the flanks basally, become very coarse,
dense and asperulate; male with the fifth ventral rufescent, broadly

CERAMBYCIDJE 283

but rather strongly sinuate at tip. Length (cf ) 17.2 mm.; width 6.7
mm. New Mexico (Luna) cylindricollis n. sp.

5 — Punctures of the basal part of the inflexed elytral flanks large, rather
close-set and very strongly graniferous; body very elongate, deep
black, shining, entire front finely and rather closely but unevenly
punctate; antennae less than three-fifths as long as the body, the
annulus of the fourth joint very sharply defined, not attaining the
base; prothorax nearly as in cylindricollis, except that there are
very few fine, irregularly dispersed punctures, these a little larger
and somewhat more numerous basally but of the same character as
the others; elytra rather more than twice as long as wide, smooth,
oval, more pointed behind, convex but with the upper limit of the
flanks very sharply defined nearly to the middle; surface smooth
but with faint vestiges of rapidly wavy longitudinal lines laterally,
the punctures fine and sparse, not extending to the middle ; last dorsal
red; fifth ventral (cf ) rufescent at tip, broadly, distinctly sinuate;
femora (cf ) unusually rapidly and very strongly clavate apically.
Length (cf) 23.0 mm.; width 9.0 mm. Arizona (Douglas), — Snow.

microsticta n. sp.

Punctures of the basal parts of the inflexed elytral flanks coarse but
sparse and not graniferous 6

6 — Elytra very moderately convex, widest distinctly before the middle,
thence gradually narrowing posteriorly, the sides arcuate throughout;
body stout, piceous-black, rather large, shining; front with fine
scattered punctures laterally; antennae (cf ) half as long as the body;
prothorax larger than usual, slightly wider than long, the sides
parallel and straight, converging slightly near apex and base;
punctures very fine and extremely sparse, larger and more numerous
near the base, perforate; elytra abruptly declivous along a prominent
though blunt line to rather behind the middle, two-thirds longer
than wide, smooth, with faint longitudinal inequalities, the punctures
small and scattered in basal two-fifths; femora (cf ) very much in-
flated, the fifth ventral rufescent, broadly, distinctly sinuate, with
a broad and flat marginal bead; last dorsal red. Length (cf )
25.0 mm.; width 10.8 mm. Western Texas appressa Lee.

Elytra strongly convex, the delimiting line of the flanks much less promi-
nent, broadly rounded in transverse section as a rule, almost evenly
elliptic in outline and widest at about the middle; size smaller and
narrower; elytra with shallow and wavy, approximate furrows, the
body black to piceous-black, the last dorsal red throughout; lustre
subopaque or slightly shining; front with a very few fine punctures
near the sides; antennae two-thirds as long as the body; prothorax
nearly as long as wide, much smaller than in appressa, the sides
undulated, subconstricted near the base; punctures very fine and
extremely few in number even near the base, where they are but
slightly less minute; elytra twice as long as wide, the punctures fine
and very sparse, only present in basal fourth, the flanks not less
opaque and with the moderately large punctures sparse even
basally, the line of flexure broadly convex ( 9 ), more sharply defined
(cf ) ; femora much inflated distally (cf ) and rather stouter than usual

284 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

in the female. Length (cf 9 ) 20.0-23.5 mm.; width 8.0-9.3

Arizona (probably southern), — Levette corrugans n. sp.

A — Nearly as in corrugans but smaller and with less elongate hind body,
this being (c?) three-fourths longer than wide, black, densely
alutaceous; prothorax similarly small but with the stronger punc-
tures near the base much larger; elytra more obtuse at apex,
similar in sculpture, the last dorsal not red but black, rufescent
at the apical margin; fifth ventral more narrowly sinuate at tip,
the femora less strongly inflated than in the male of corrugans.
Length (cf) iS.o mm.; width 7.8 mm. Arizona (probably
southern), — Levette ovipennis n. subsp.

In corrugans the form is much narrower and more convex than
in appressa, but the longitudinal corrugations of the elytra are
occasionally obsolete, the surface becoming smooth. Ovipennis is
probably rather a species than a subspecies, the habitus being
evidently different.

Subgenus Collapteryx Newm.

First antennal joint not mucronate at tip; basal joint of the hind tarsi
shorter, though longer than wide as a rule; anterior parts rela-
tively more developed.

Prothorax with a spiniform projection at each side just behind the middle;
fourth antennal joint alone annulated 2

Prothorax not spinose but with a feeble tubercle at each side, which is
sometimes almost wholly obsolete; antennae generally as in the
preceding 8

2 — The lateral spine well developed, very acute and projecting more or
less upward and backward; body larger 3

The lateral spine very short, sometimes but little more than a tubercle,
though always distinguishable as a spine 7

3 — Annulus of the fourth antennal joint broad, extending from the base
to about the middle 4

Annulus of the fourth joint short, not extending to the base 5

4 — Body more slender than usual and with much smaller and less de-
veloped anterior parts, shining; antennae gradually tapering, clothed
densely with gray decumbent pubescence and fully two-thirds as
long as the body; prothorax nearly as long as wide, not three-fifths
as wide as the elytra, distinctly constricted just behind the spine,
having widely scattered coarse and smaller punctures, which basally,
become very coarse and rather close; elytra not quite twice as long
as wide, moderately convex, the lateral line of flexure prominent
and rather acute; punctures coarse, few in number, arranged in very
irregular series, in basal third suturally, to the middle laterally,
the deflexed flanks with coarse sparse asperate punctures in nearly
basal half; abdomen shining, the minute decumbent hairs close

CERAMBYCIM: 285

and evident, the fifth segment (cf ) with the feeble apical sinus
narrower than usual, about a third as wide as the base; femora with
the minute punctulation feeble and not dense. Length (cf ) 22.0
mm.; width 8.4 mm. Arizona (locality unrecorded).

constricta n. sp.

Body more parallel, the anterior parts more developed, the surface less
polished; antennae fully three-fourths as long as the body, the dense
pubescence pale chocolate-brown; prothorax fully three-fourths as
wide as the elytra in the male, more transverse than in the preceding
and not subbasally constricted, nearly similarly and coarsely, deeply
punctate but with the minute close punctulation stronger; scutellum
sharply triangular, with rather distinct pubescence, which is parted
along the middle, much more acutely angulate and less transverse than
in constricta; elytra oblong-oval, nearly twice as long as wide, convex,
the line of flexure much more obtuse than in the preceding, the
punctures coarse, sparse, extending behind the middle both suturally
and externally, those on the flanks not differing but those along the
line of flexure crowded and rugose basally; fifth ventral (cf ) very
much broader at apex, the barely at all sinuate truncature more than
half as wide as the base; femora with the minute punctulation very
strong, dense and conspicuous. Length (cf ) 24.0 mm.; width 9.3
mm. Utah (locality unrecorded) uteana n. sp.

5 — Spine at each side of the prothorax subhorizontal, though slightly
oblique as usual, unusually long, slender and subparallel, one-fourth
as long as the thoracic length; surface very shining; antennae gradu-
ally tapering as usual, the minute dense vestiture plumbeous-
bluish; prothorax nearly as long as wide, having rather small and
widely scattered punctures, with some coarser intermingled an-
teriorly and close and very coarse near the basal margin; elytra
convex, oval, very broadly obtuse at apex, the coarse punctures very
sparse, irregularly subserial to somewhat behind the middle, coarse
and asperate on the flanks and rather closer there basally than above;
lateral line of flexure obtuse, coarsely, closely punctate; punctula-
tion of the shining femora fine, not dense, with some fine punctures
rather sparsely intermingled and several coarser and very remote;
hairs on the strongly and closely punctulate abdomen gray and ex-
tremely minute, scarcely visible. Length (9) 26.5 mm.; width
10.4 mm. Arizona (Tugson), — Snow pimalis n. sp.

Spine at the sides of the prothorax shorter, rapidly acuminate and ex-
tending more upward in obliquity, not more than a fifth or sixth
as long as the thoracic length 6

6 — Prothorax but slightly wider than long and much narrower than the
elytra in the male, relatively smaller (9 ); surface shining; antennae
fully two-thirds as long as the body, with dark grayish vestiture,
the four basal joints stout, those beyond abruptly much more slender;
prothorax with very few small or moderate punctures but with
many very coarse punctures scattered near the base; scutellum
notably pubescent, with broad glabrous line; elytra strongly convex,
oval, nearly twice as long as wide, with moderately acute and distinct
line of flexure basally, the punctures coarse, sparse, extending in

286 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

very irregular series to behind the middle, very sparse on the flanks;
abdomen closely clothed with very small, decumbent but obvious
brownish hairs, the sinuato-truncate apex of the fifth segment (d71)
more than one-half as wide as the base; minute punctulation of the
femora extremely fine and not conspicuous and bearing extremely
minute hairs. Length (cf 9 ) 24.0-27.8 mm.; width 8.9-11.4 mm.

Arizona (probably southern) spinicollis Csy.

Prothorax much larger, transverse, very nearly as wide as the elytra in
the male; surface shining; antennae stout, gradually and evenly
tapering, the fifth joint not abruptly much narrower than the fourth,
the dense hairs dark brown ; prothorax punctured as in the preceding;
elytra oblong, the sides parallel and barely arcuate, narrowing behind
to the broadly obtuse apex, very convex, the line of flexure abrupt,
rather acutely marked and coarsely punctate; punctures sparse,
coarse, becoming more uniform basally, extending sublinearly to
the middle, very coarse, numerous and graniferous basally on the
flanks; punctures even coarser and more numerous throughout the
thoracic flanks than in spinicollis; abdominal vestiture excessively
minute, fine and scarcely discoverable, the sinuato-truncate apex
of the fifth segment (cf) fully one-half as wide as the base; femora
without discoverable hairs though minutely, strongly punctulate.
Length (cf) 25.0 mm.; width 9.7 mm. Southern Arizona.

pollens n. sp.

7 — Form rather stout, very shining, the legs faintly picescent; antennae
slender, two-thirds as long as the body, densely clothed with red-
brown pubescence, without evident annulation of any kind in the
type; prothorax slightly transverse, much narrower than the elytra,
swollen at the sides near the apex, the spine small but acute and
distinct; surface very minutely, not densely punctulate, with evenly
distributed minute punctures everywhere intermingled, near the
apex and toward base with rather coarse deep sparse and perforate
punctures; elytra oval, rather more tapering behind to the obtuse
apex, three-fourths longer than wide, moderately convex, with
short interrupted flexuous and feebly impressed broad lines, and a
few coarse punctures, not extending to the middle suturally, but
more numerous and extending to apical fourth laterally, the line of
flexure obtuse, the flanks with very coarse punctures and gradually
coarser simple deep fovea? basally; broad even sinus of the fifth
ventral (cf) half as wide as the base; femora very minutely, not
densely punctulate, with very fine punctules everywhere inter-
mingled. Length (cf ) 21.0 mm.; width 8.0 mm. New Mexico.

simplicicornis n. sp.

A — Somewhat similar to the above but less lustrous, with more elongate-
oval, much more convex elytra, nearly twice as long as wide, on
which the line of flexure at the sides is almost completely obsolete,
the surface with very fine and faint sinuous lines, impunctate except
a few moderate and sparse punctures near the sides, those of the
flanks scarcely half as large as in the preceding and very sparse;
prothorax and antennae similar, except that the former is much

CERAMBYCID.E 287

smaller in the female type, in part due to sex; legs rufo-piceous.
Length (9 ) 21.5 mm.; width 8.0 mm. New Mexico.

grylliceps n. subsp.

Form more elongate and less ventricose, highly polished, the legs black
and concolorous; antennae similarly slender and apparently not at
all annulate; prothorax distinctly shorter and rather strongly trans-
verse, not swollen on the flanks subapically, the spine still smaller,
more obtuse and more tuberculiform; sculpture nearly similar,
except that the minute punctulation is much less close and the coarse
punctures extend less far from the apical and basal margins; flanks
coarsely punctured in apical half and near the base; scutellum broadly
rounded, sparsely micro-punctulate; elytra narrower, more oblong,
with feebly arcuate sides, feebly narrowing posteriorly to the rela-
tively broader apex, about twice as long as wide, a fourth wider
than the prothorax, very convex, the line of flexure notably obtuse;
punctures very coarse, deep, numerous, extending nearly to apical
third, not differing on the flanks, except that they become still
coarser basally though simple, with the surface more irregular and
extend, near the sides, almost to the elytral tips, the surface above
smooth, without elongate impressions; under surface and legs nearly
similar; female in every way as in the male but with the anterior
parts less developed, the sides of the elytra more arcuate and, as
usual, with the femora much less inflated. Length (cf 9 ) i9-5~
20.5 mm.; width 7.2-7.8 mm. Colorado rector n. sp.

8 — Antennae smooth, never more than sparsely punctate, rather slender;
upper surface of the body in great part smooth 9

Antennae coarsely and rugosely punctured, very stout, not annulate;
body more or less rugose and punctured throughout 12

9 — Thoracic tubercles situated at basal third, erect and very distinct
though obtuse at tip. Body broadly oblong-oval, convex, rather
shining, deep black and glabrous; head sparsely punctate almost
throughout; antennae gradually tapering, not annulate, the fourth
joint with merely a small white patch beneath at base in the type;
prothorax strongly transverse, three-fourths as wide as the elytra,
the sides slightly converging basally and apically from the tubercle;
surface with scattered larger and smaller punctures and a rather
even single line of coarse punctures near the base; scutellum very
short and extremely transverse, puberulent, without broad median
parting; elytra oblong-oval, nearly straight and parallel basally,
rounding and rapidly narrowing posteriorly to the broadly obtuse
apex, the line of flexure basally very obtuse, coarsely punctate;
surface with feeble confused vermiculiform sculpture, the micro-
granulation dense and strong; punctures coarse, deep, wanting near
the median line of each elytron nearly to the base, extending suturally
and laterally nearly to the middle, very coarse and extremely deep,
rather close and very conspicuous on the flanks; legs shorter than
usual, the femora rugulose and evidently though not densely punc-
tate. Length (9) 23.0 mm.; width 9.6 mm. Mexico (Durango
City), — YVickham *pleuralis n. sp.

Thoracic tubercles behind the middle as usual but before basal third . . 10

288 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

io — Tubercles wholly vestigial, represented by feeble broad swelling of
the surface, which is not at all acute. Body stout, subparallel, the
prothorax very large, more than three-fourths as wide as the elytra
(d71) and about as long as wide; antennae very finely tapering, the
fourth joint annulate with white in basal half or more; prothorax
very convex, the median line striate for a short distance behind the
centre, minutely, not densely, uniformly punctate, with an area of
coarse punctures toward base and narrowly along the apex; elytra
oblong, feebly narrowing behind to the extremely broad, arcuate
apex, rather convex, one-half longer than wide, with many irregular
anastomosing creases and some coarse punctures, numerous on and
near the obtuse line of flexure to apical fourth, also in an irregular
line near outer third and another, still broader, near inner fourth,
from the base nearly to the middle, the flanks with numerous coarse
asperulate punctures from base to behind the middle; hind femora
peculiarly sculptured, having very minute, sparse and feeble punc-
tulation, with rather sparse fine punctures intermingled to apical
fourth, where, along a line which is advanced axially, the punctulation
becomes abruptly much stronger and very dense; fifth ventral (cf)
very broadly sinuato-truncate and strongly beaded at apex. Length
(cf ) 22.0-25.0 mm.; width 8.6-10.2 mm. Texas (El Paso), — Dunn.

solida n. sp.

Tubercles very small but acute and distinct 1 1

II — Form, coloration and lustre nearly as in solida, the antennae similar,
the prothorax similar in its subquadrate form and in sculpture but
relatively a little smaller, much narrower than the elytra, the median
line finely striate and with a large feeble indentation slightly behind
the centre; scutellum differing considerably, being much less trans-
verse and nearly equilatero-triangular; elytra narrower and more
elongate, four-fifths longer than wide, more convex, smooth, the
creases of the preceding not visible, except near the base, where they
are more longitudinal; punctures coarse and rather close-set on and
near the line of flexure to apical third, almost completely wanting
elsewhere, except a single widely spaced line very near the suture
for a short distance behind the scutellum; the lower part of the line
of flexure is free from punctures and those of the flanks are coarse
but everywhere widely separated, extending inferiorly to apical
third; femora as in solida, the tarsi much shorter, with the basal
joint much less elongate; fifth ventral (c/1) still somewhat more
broadly sinuate but more finely beaded at apex; female nearly simi-
lar to the male but more elongate, with relatively smaller prothorax
and with the more slender femora evenly sculptured throughout.
Length (cf 9 ) 22.0-24.5 rnm.; width 9.2-9.7 mm. Texas (western).

femoralis n. sp.

Form much more slender, similarly shining but with the legs piceo-rufous;
antennae nearly similar, the annulus of the fourth joint shorter and
less well marked; prothorax differing greatly in being much shorter
and rather strongly transverse, the sculpture more obsolete, there
being only a very few punctures near the apex and a single irregular
line near the base, the small medial indentation being at basal

CERAMBYCID^ 289

fourth; elytra nearly similar in form but still smoother, fully as
convex, without creases or impressions of any sort and wholly
without punctures, with exception of a sporadic one or two perhaps,
except laterally near the obtusely prominent line of flexure in about
basal half, where they are moderately coarse and very sparse, the
punctures of the flanks few in number and only moderately coarse;
legs more slender, the tarsi much narrower. Length (9) 19.0-

21.5 mm.; width 7.7-8.7 mm. New Mexico laevigata Bland

12 — Moderately slender, very convex, more or less opaque above, more
shining on the flanks and beneath; antennae unusually short, very
stout basally, rapidly tapering and without evident annulation;
prothorax nearly as long as wide, slightly more narrowed at base than
apex, the sides at the usual position of the tubercle slightly angulate
but only obtusely prominent, the surface opaque, rugulose, finely
punctate, gradually coarsely so basally, transversely plicate near
the anterior margin, coarsely punctato-rugose throughout the less
opaque flanks; elytra evenly oval, less than twice as long as wide,
strongly convex, one-half wider than the prothorax, smoothly
undulato-rugose throughout, feebly shining, and with moderately
coarse, deep punctures, sparsely placed in the bottoms of the undu-
lations from base to apical fourth, and, near the sides, very nearly
to the tip, closer and still more asperate on the flanks, the surface
more deeply rugose along and near the very obtuse line of flexure;
abdomen more shining than the upper surface and with coarse,
deep and well separated punctures, equally distributed over the
entire surface, the fifth ventral (c?1) broadly sinuate at tip; legs
rather shining but rugulose, the very distinct punctures well separated
and only moderately coarse, the minute punctulation equal and not
dense throughout on the femora. Length (d71) iS.o mm.; width
7.7 mm. A single male without indication of locality, .opaca n. sp.

Opaca has long been in my collection under the name subrugosa
Bland, but it does not agree with the description of that species,
which is from Cape San Lucas. In subrugosa, for example, the
fourth antennal joint is annulate with white, of which there is no
trace in the well preserved type of opaca, and again, the coarse
punctures near the base of the pronotum are not broadly "diffused"
but confined to an irregular transverse line; finally, the abdomen in
subrugosa is said to be finely punctured, more sparsely toward the
sides. It is possible that opaca may inhabit some part of the Lower
California Peninsula, but there is no record. Solida and femoralis
are allied to loevigata but are of much heavier build, with larger and
much more elongate prothorax. The type of grylliceps — the head
throughout the genus, with its high vertical front, recalls strikingly
the form of that part in the crickets and grasshoppers — has, on each

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

290 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

elytron, two very fine and subobsolete though rather sharply marked
longitudinal raised threads.

Simplicicornis and rector are perhaps allied to armata Lee., and
generally figure among the representatives of that species in collec-
tions; but, on consulting the original description of the type of
armata, which was found by the Mexican Boundary Survey, it is
evident that they cannot be identical with LeConte's species. The
species just mentioned have the lateral thoracic spines so small as
to be little more than acute tubercles and could never, in my opinion,
have given rise to such a name as armata; they are also very much
smaller in size, armata, in fact, being one of the largest species of the
genus (1.25 inch or 31.2 mm). It is probable that the original type
of armata has never been duplicated, and that the species is allied
rather with the gigas group, but having more rugulose elytra. The
species from constricta to pollens in the table, are allied more espe-
cially to gigas Lee., but are all materially smaller; furthermore in
only one, pimalis, do the thoracic spines approach the development
that they have in gigas, and in pimalis they are much more slender.
The length of gigas, as given in the original description, is 37 mm.
G. H. Horn (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1885, p. 185) gives the length of
gigas as somewhat less, that is 30-34 mm., all of which measure-
ments are materially greater than any pertaining to the species of
the group named above, which range from 22 to about 28 mm.
Individuals of the same species do not vary so greatly in size in this
genus.

The two subgeneric divisions adopted above on the recommenda-
tion of Dr. Horn (1. c.), are quite distinct in habitus, as may be
observed very readily on segregating the groups, and possibly it
would be better to give them generic rank, but there are no very
sharply marked differences in the tarsi; in solida, for instance, the
first joint of the posterior is nearly as long as the next two combined,
but in the rather closely allied femoralis it is very much shorter,
being only a little longer than wide ; they are however always thicker
in Collapteryx than Moneilema proper. The pads of dense pubes-
cence on the soles of the tarsi offer comparatively little diversity
of form or extent in the species here defined, and so no use has been
made of a character that may, in certain aberrant forms such as
fortis Lee., become very conspicuous.

CERAMBYCiaE 29!

The femora of the male are always much stouter than those of
the female and strongly claviform, and the abdomen protrudes more
behind the elytra in the latter, which differs also from the male in its
more elongate form of body and relatively smaller prothorax; but
I have noticed no decided differences otherwise, either in structure
or sculpture, in those cases where the two sexes come from the same
source and undoubtedly pertain to the same species. The very
remarkable bipartite sculpture of the male femora, described above
under solida and femoralis, does not seem to affect any other species
of the genus.

Tribe MONOCHAMINI.
Monochamus Serv.

The elytral apices are notably variable in this genus between
rather wide limits, but, with series at hand, several sufficiently
obvious groups may be denned as below. In scutellatus, for example,
the tips are never dentiform, but they vary from an acutely denned
right angle at the suture to an even and rather broad arcuation ; in
obtusus all the examples at hand have the sutural angle well rounded,
without trace of prominence; in maculosus, oregonensis and some
others, there is, normally, an obtuse sutural prolongation, which
may however be lost in certain individuals. The antennal joints
in large males sometimes seem to be proportionally longer than in
small examples, and there is considerable sculptural variability;
for example in notatus Drury (confusor Kirby), the elytral punctures
are well separated and not notably graniform, but, in one specimen
before me from the Adirondacks, these become very strong and so
dense as to produce a rugose aspect; much latitude for individual
variation, therefore, has to be allowed, but notwithstanding this,
the number of true species admitted by Dr. Horn is too small by
several. Those which seem entitled to the specific status may be
defined as follows:

Elytra with the sutural angle prolonged in a slender spine; body large,
parallel ( 9 ) or with cuneiform hind body (cf ) ; color pale chocolate-
brown, mottled with darker brown and white, especially dark near
the base, laterally before the middle and in spots thence to the tip,
a broken oblique white lateral fascia at basal fourth, another some-
times at the middle and a third always visible near apical fourth
especially noticeable; punctures toward the humeri becoming moder-

292 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

ately dense and granuliform. Length (cf 9 ) 25.5-27.5 mm.; width
7.8-8.1 mm. Eastern North America as far south as Florida.

titillator Fabr.

Elytra rounded at the apices, with a slender spine projecting posteriorly
from the arcuation and not in prolongation of the suture. Body
very much smaller and more slender than in the preceding; coloration
and maculation nearly similar, the elytral punctures in long irregular
series and with the two obtusely raised lines of each elytron much
more evident, the punctures toward the humeri as sparse as else-
where and not, or scarcely at all, graniferous; prothorax very nearly
as long as wide, the lateral tooth short and right angled, the central
elevation strong; antennae very slender, one-half longer than the
body in the male; legs nearly similar but more slender. Length
(cf ) 18.5 mm.; width 5.1 mm. Texas angusticollis n. sp.

Elytra conjointly and broadly rounded at apex, each writh an obtusely
dentiform and more or less feeble sutural prolongation 2

Elytra conjointly and broadly rounded at tip, the sutural angles never
dentiform and in all but extreme cases notably rounded 3

Elytra each obliquely prolonged apically and rather acute at apex;
elytral maculation in large, solid and well denned masses 4

2 — Elytra in color and maculation almost exactly as in titillator, except
that the two brown sublateral spots near basal third form a much
more oblique line; sculpture differing conspicuously, the punctures
toward the humeri becoming densely crowded and rugulose; body
smaller in size and more slender, the basal joint of the antennae
more slender. Length (9 ) 18.5-22.0 mm.; width 5.2-7.2 mm. Six
females from Virginia and New Jersey, [dentator Fabr. ; minor Lee.].

carolinensis Oliv.

Elytra in general scheme of maculation nearly as in titillator but blackish-
brown, rarely paler brown; sculpture coarser and more rugose,
more crowded toward the humeri, which are more prominently
angular; body smaller, shorter, with more rapidly cuneiform elytra
and somewhat less elongate antennae, these being more or less
nearly two and one-half times as long as the body in the male.
Length (cf 9 ) 14.7-22.7 mm.; width 4.3-7.0 mm. Rocky Moun-
tain regions of Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. Abundant.
[clamator Lee.] maculosus Hald.

Elytra in maculation nearly as in maculosus but shorter, much broader
and more parallel in form and deep black in color; sculpture nearly
similar but still coarser, closer and more rugose throughout. Length
(9) 15-5-23.5 mm.; width 4.8-7.8 mm. Sierra Nevada Mountains
of California and Oregon oregonensis Lee.

Elytra as in maculosus, very rapidly cuneiform from the base, similarly
sculptured but with the small spots of rusty brown tomentum more
numerous; body very much larger in size; antennae (d71) two and
three-fourths times as long as the body, the basal joint much thicker
than in maculosus, more finely and evenly punctured and clothed
uniformly but not densely with short appressed white hairs, the
fourth joint shorter than the third but about half as long as the
elytra; entire vertical front of the head extremely densely punctate

CERAMBYCID.E 293

and pubescent. Length (cf) 27.5 mm.; width 8.7 mm. Colorado,—
Levette strenuus n. sp.

Elytra as in macula sus in form but more elongate, rapidly cuneiform (cf )
or nearly parallel (9), differing greatly in maculation, dark red-
brown to blackish in color, with relatively small separated punctures,
not denser though granuliform toward the humeri, clothed evenly
but not very densely with very short, decumbent, ashy hairs, with
small specks of blackish-brown tomentum sparsely intermingled,
these being simply a reduced form of the darker spots in maculosus
and carolinensis, as plainly shown occasionally by their oblique ar-
rangement; prothorax relatively larger than usual and with strong,
stout lateral spines, the central tubercle strong to almost obsolete.
Length (cf 9 ) 24.0-30.0 mm.; width 6.6-8.4 mm. Wisconsin,
Indiana and New York, [confusor Kirby] notatus Drury

3 — Body pure red-brown in color and of short, broad, parallel form,
somewhat as in oregonensis in outline but much smaller; elytra with
sculpture and maculation nearly as in maculosus, but with the
punctures in the larger patches of whitish uniform hairs, which
separate the spots of dense dark brown tomentum, much larger and
more isolated, the surface not so rugose except near the humeri;
antennae much shorter, three-fourths longer than the body (cf)
or but little longer than the latter (9). Length (cf 9 ) 14.2-20.0
mm.; width 4.2-6.8 mm. California (Siskiyou Co.).. .obtusus Csy.

Body deep black in color, slightly shining but never having metallic
gloss, moderately elongate, stouter than in scutellatus, the elytra
strongly cuneiform (cf ) or nearly parallel (9 ), the punctures coarse
and everywhere very dense, forming transverse rugae, the vestiture
consisting of short decumbent and unevenly distributed dark brown
hairs, with small spots of dense white hairs intermingled; antennae
(cf ) rather less than two and one-half times as long as the body,
uniformly black, or ( 9 ) slightly longer than the body, black, with
white annuli at the bases of the joints. Length (cf 9 ) 15.0-24.0
mm.; width 4.6-7.8 mm. Rocky Mountains of Montana and Colo-
rado to northern Oregon monticola n. sp.

Body deep black but generally with more or less distinct subaeneous
lustre, highly polished; outline narrower, slightly more elongate;
elytra less rapidly or strongly cuneiform, parallel in the female,
the punctures rather coarse but much shallower and less close-set
than in monticola and forming transverse rugulation only on parts
of the surface; antennae (cf ) barely twice as long as the body, or
( 9 ) similar to the preceding but with the white basal annuli feebler.
Length (cf 9 ) 14.8-22.0 mm.; width 4.5-6.9 mm. Maine to Wis-
consin (Bayfield). [resutor Kirby; mutator Lee.]. . . .scutellatus Say

4 — Body more elongate than in any except certain females of carolinensis,
parallel in the female, the integuments nearly black, the elytra
nudely showing in certain small spots, mingled with the large dense
patches of white and ochreous-yellow tomentum, which are arranged
in broad ragged oblique lateral fasciae, somewhat as in titillator and
maculosus, the external outline gradually rounding and narrowing
behind and produced subacutely at the tips, the punctures not coarse,

294 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

isolated as a rule, coarse, close and rugose basally; antennae very
slender, pale in color, barely at all longer than the body in the female.
Length (9) 24.5 mm.; width 7.0 mm. Wisconsin (Bayfield),—
Wickham. [marmoratus Rand., fantor Lee., and acutus Lacord.].

marmorator Kirby

Clamator Lee., of which I have typical examples before me, does
not differ in any way from maculosus; strenuus is very much larger
than any example of a large series of maculosus at hand from various
localities and, having in view the longer antennae, with very stout
and evenly sculptured basal joint, very densely sculptured front and
other characters, I believe that it will prove to be specifically
different; if not it can readily be reduced to the status of a sub-
species or variety. Obtusus, which has been suppressed in the
catalogue, is a widely isolated species; it differs from related forms
in the scutellum, among many other features, this being completely
glabrous, excepting a few hairs at base, in all six of the well preserved
examples in my collection; they were collected by Mr. Koebele.
Angusticollis is peculiar in its small size, very narrow form, feebly
developed thoracic spines, sculpture of the elytra and very short
male antennae. Resutor Kirby and mutator Lee., were described
from the regions about Lake Superior and are unquestionably the
common eastern scutellatus of Say; so it is certain that the evidently
different and much stouter, very much more densely sculptured
mountain form, named monticola above, has not been described
hitherto but mingled in collections with scutellatus; when carefully
segregated the differences become very obvious. In associating
mutator with maculosus and oregonensis with scutellatus Dr. Horn
(Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., 1885, p. 193) has exactly reversed the reality,
mutator being a synonym of scutellatus and oregonensis a valid species
near maculosus; it is in no way related to scutellatus.

Ptychodes Serv.

This genus is introduced merely to state that the species we have
been calling vittatus Fabr., is trilineatus Linn., as determined by
Bates in the "Biologia." The opportunity is further taken, how-
ever, to state that the Arizona species described by the writer
under the name abbreviatus and arbitrarily suppressed in our cata-
logue, is based upon a well preserved example — but female and not
male. On again comparing it with three females of trilineatus from

CERAMBYCID,E 295

Louisiana and Texas, it is observed to differ not only in the form
of the sutural white vitta, which is limited to a very short space
just behind the scutellum and continued thence to the apex by
the ordinary small brown hairs of the rest of the surface, showing
that this is in no sense an effect of denudation, but in its decidedly
longer antennae, more cuneiform elytra, with larger condensations
of yellow tomentum and distinctly narrower truncature of the fifth
ventral segment. I have no hesitation in adhering to my original
opinion in regard to its specific status.

Hammoderus Thorns.

The following species differs from any Goes in its very stout form
of body, much longer basal joint of the antennae, which is smooth and
only finely pubescent, the hairs closely decumbent, and in the
broader tarsi :

Hammoderus amplipennis n. sp. — Very stout, the elytra subparallel,
piceous-black in ground color, clothed closely above with short coarse
yellowish-cinereous hairs, which, on the elytra, are interspersed with
numerous sparse and evenly distributed small points of denser hairs of
the same color, the under surface very densely clothed with slightly
longer and more whitish hairs, sprinkled thickly with nude points about
certain punctures which bear each a longer erect hair; head basally and
the pronotum with strong and very dense, rugose punctuation; antennae
in the type very slender, only slightly longer than the body, clothed
densely with yellowish and closely recumbent pubescence, with only a
very few short bristles along the lower surface of the basal joints, the
joints one to five more or less denuded along their upper surface, the
first joint long, shorter than the third but longer than the fourth and
much longer than the prothorax, the latter short and strongly transverse,
with well developed spines; scutellum densely clothed with yellowish
pubescence, not at all parted; elytra large, twice as long as wide, together
broadly rounded at apex, the sutural angles rounded, having small, api-
cally fine, separated punctures, coarser and strongly granose basally;
fifth ventral broadly sinuate at tip, with obtusely rounded angles; legs
and tarsi minutely, thickly pubescent, the tibiae in part denuded. Length
29.0 mm.; width lo.o mm. Colorado, — Levette.

Differs from tessellatus Hald., from Georgia, which also belongs
to this genus, in its larger size and stouter form, also in the smaller
and more uniformly distributed points of denser elytral vestiture;
these are formed each about a single puncture, which however does
not seem to differ much from the other punctures and does not bear
a longer hair. The type is probably a female.

296 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Goes Lee.

This genus is easily distinguished from the preceding by the
much shorter and more hairy basal joint of the antennae, which is
generally scarcely more than twice as long as wide, and sometimes
less, and always much shorter than the fourth joint as in Ptychodes;
also in the less obese form of the body and less dilated, though
similarly well developed tarsi; the antennae are but little longer
than the body even in the male; the type of elytral ornamentation
is the broadly, indefinitely and generally very brokenly fasciate,
sometimes becoming faintly nubilous or virtually uniform. We
have the following five or six species, of which tigrinus is the generic
type:

Scutellar vestiture broadly parted by a glabrous impressed line, which
broadens basally. Body moderately stout, piceous-black, the elytral
vestiture very short, dense, white, mingled with smaller dark brown
areas which are very irregular, somewhat nubilously denned and
forming two broad broken fasciae, one near basal fourth, the other
more oblique and before apical fourth; antennae pale, the tips of the
joints black, the basal joint black, the bristling black hairs only
visible beneath and sparse; punctures of the head and prothorax very
fine, sparse. Length (9 ) 25.5 mm.; width 8.0 mm. Pennsylvania.

[tomentosus Zieg.] tigrinus DeG.

A — Nearly similar, the shorter elytra being partially due to sex in the
single type, more nearly black in color, the dark mottling of the
elytra exceeding in area the white and more sharply defined
than in the preceding, the punctures rather coarse and more
irregularly disposed, having certain small impunctate areas near
the base; scutellum narrower; antennae darker, the basal joint
bristling with erect setae through a much greater part of its cir-
cumference; punctures of the head coarser, those of the pronotum
mingled with coarse and sparse punctures. Length (cf ) 23.0 mm. ;

width 7.1 mm. Texas marmoratus n. subsp.

Scutellar vestiture not or only very finely parted along the middle. . . .2
2 — Larger species, always over 15 mm. in length, the elytral vestiture

bicolored or approximately so 3

Small species, the elytral vestiture tricolored 5

3 — Form stouter, blackish-brown, the elytra densely clothed with very
short ochreous hairs, becoming very slightly more yellow apically,
having the basal fifth of the length and a broad and rather sharply
defined solid transverse fascia at apical third, which is interrupted
at the suture, very dark umber-brown; antennae very pale, slender,
the basal joint dark brown, herissate sparsely almost throughout;
punctures rather strong and close on the occiput, smaller and close
on the prothorax, coarser, less close and basally graniferous on the
elytra. Length (cf 9 ) 17.0-25.0 mm. ; width 5.2-7.5 mm. Penn-
sylvania and Wisconsin pulcher Hald.

CERAMBYCID^E 297

Form more slender, the elytral fasciae extremely nubilous and faint or
wanting 4

4 — Color pale reddish-brown throughout; antennae very pale, with the
basal joint not decidedly darker and bristling throughout with stiff
short setae; punctures of the head rather strong, deep and moderately
close, of the prothorax slightly smaller and dense, of the elytra rather
coarse, well separated, becoming rugose toward the humeri, the
vestiture of the elytra very short, rather coarse, dense, feebly and
indefinitely mottled with pale brown, almost entirely so basally, and
with a very feebly defined entire transverse fascia of the same near
posterior third. Length (9) 20.7 mm.; width 5.9 mm. New
Jersey pulverulentus Hald.

Color darker brown, the prothorax and legs partially blackish; antennae
very pale, with the basal joint much darker and more evenly and
sparsely punctate and pubescent than in the preceding; head strongly,
very deeply and closely punctate throughout; prothorax more strongly
and deeply punctate than in pnlvcridentns and with two small sub-
anterior ill-defined areas, which are less coarsely, densely punctured
and not visible in that species; scutellum more impressed medially;
elytra with coarser and perforate, less widely spaced punctures,
denser posteriorly, more feebly rugose at the humeri, clothed more
sparsely but more evenly throughout with short whitish pubescence,
which is everywhere faintly mottled with more condensed irregular
spots of the same tint; tarsi but feebly dilated. Length (c? ) 18.0
mm.; width 5.2 mm. New York (Bluff Point, Lake Champlain).

laurenticus n. sp.

5 — Form rather narrow, convex, densely punctate, the punctures of the
elytra well separated and in part subserial in arrangement, blackish,
the hind body, legs and antennae throughout pale, the basal joint
pubescent and moderately herissate; head, prothorax and nearly
posterior third of the elytra with dense uneven yellow pubescence,
the remainder of the elytra with white and dark brown pubescence,
the latter forming two uneven broad fasciae, near basal third and
just behind the middle; tarsi slender. Length (cf1 9 ) 1 1.5-12.3 mm. ;
width 3.2-3.6 mm. Illinois and Pennsylvania (the elytral punctures
closer 'and less serial in the latter example) debilis Lee.

There is a distinct difference in elytral punctuation between the
western males of debilis at hand and the single old and more or less
imperfect male from Pennsylvania, but there is not sufficient
material upon which to form any certain opinion. The single
male of laurenticus was obtained by the writer by beating from
some low bushy trees near Plattsburg, during the past summer;
it has quite a different general habitus from pulverulentus, due to its
smaller size, coarser and closer elytral punctures and more uniform
vestiture.

298 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Microgoes n. gen.

The type of this proposed new genus is Goes oculatus of LeConte.
It differs from Goes in the small size of the body, different type of
elytral ornamentation, smaller and still more slender tarsi and,
more especially, in the very long and filiform antennae, which are
often much more than twice as long as the body. These differential
characters are far more important than those separating the well
known tropical genera Hammoderus, Tceniotes and Deliathis; for,
in addition to those given above, the eyes are very much reduced in
size in Microgoes. The two species in my cabinet may be separated
as follows:

Black throughout the body, legs and antennae, the elytra sometimes feebly
picescent, the entire aspect cinereous however, because of the rather
close and even, though finely and vermicularly disintegrated, clothing
of short cinereous hairs, each elytron with a rounded eye-like spot
of black or blackish hairs at three-fifths from the base on the median
line; pubescence beneath and on the legs dense, uniform and cine-
reous-white; antennae (9 ) very slender, not quite twice as long as
the body, the basal joint rather slender, nearly three times as long
as wide but not as long as the fourth joint, all clothed with de-
cumbent ashy hairs, not densely placed and not herissate beneath;
prothorax extremely densely, confusedly and rather finely punctato-
rugose and opaque, the spine acute; scutellum semicircular, densely
pubescent; elytra moderately elongate, much more than twice as
long as wide, narrowing arcuately behind in nearly apical third, the
apices rounded; elytral punctures moderately coarse, deep, close-set
and asperulate. Length (9) 9.7-11.0 mm.; width 3.0-3.4 mm.
New York oculatus Lee.

Black, the general aspect more intensely black than in the preceding,
owing to the much less dense cinereous vestiture, which rather
sparsely but irregularly speckles the elytra, the eye-like spots of the
latter in the same position but very much less sharply defined;
general form and sculpture similar but with the elytra much less
elongate, being not evidently more than twice as long as wide in
either sex; antennae similarly very slender and filiform and even
longer, being nearly two and one-half times as long as the body in
both sexes, semi-nude throughout, the ashy decumbent hairs being
very much sparser than in oculatus; whitish hairs_ of the under
surface, and especially of the legs, much less dense; male with the
fifth ventral but little longer than the fourth, very broadly truncate,
this segment in the female being fully one-half longer than the fourth
and more narrowly truncate at tip. Length (cf 9 ) 8.7-10.3 mm.;
width 2.8-3.0 mm. Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.), — Schmitt.

tenuicornis n. sp.

I have seen no account of the food habits of these species, which
do not seem to be very common in collections.

CERAMBYCID^E 299

Tribe MESOSINI.

Synaphoeta Lee.

The species of this genus are of broad and rather flattened form,
remindful of certain of the Acanthoderes, but with narrower and
more cylindric prothorax; the elytra have two sinuous black or
brown fasciae from the lateral margins before and behind the middle,
the fasciae but very seldom crossing, though frequently nearly
attaining, the suture. The antennae are more or less nearly one-
half longer than the body in the male and only very little longer
than the body in the female; they are comparatively stout basally
and are fringed beneath with long hairs, dense in the male or
sparser in the female; the basal joint is long and obconic. The
prothorax is bilineate with black or brown and obtusely tuberculate
at the sides behind the middle. The species in my collection seem
to be four in number as follows :

Humeri of the elytra very prominent and protuberant. Body of rather
large size, black throughout, clothed not very densely with gray
decumbent hairs mixed with some clusters that are fulvous, this
being especially evident at the margins of the black lines and fasciae,
these more nearly attaining the suture than in any other; antennae
sparsely ashy-pubescent, the joints densely cinereous at base, their
surface throughout very minutely, closely punctulate, mingled on
the basal joint with sparse and moderately large, perforate punctures,
becoming dense and coarsely rugose beneath; head throughout with
moderate, sparse perforate punctures, in addition to the minute
close punctulation; prothorax but little wider than the head, two-
thirds wider than long, slightly uneven, sparsely punctate; scutellum
with blackish pubescence, fulvous along the middle, more broadly
basally; elytra three-fifths longer than wide, nearly one-half wider
than the prothorax, the sides broadly sigmoid; apices broadly
rounded; flanks abruptly vertical along an obtuse line; surface
coarsely, not densely punctate, the punctures becoming very strongly
tuberculiferous basally; line along the suture rather elevated; male
with the fifth ventral short, broadly rounded, with a narrow and
rather sharply defined median sinus. Length (o71) 21.0 mm.;
width across the humeri 9.6 mm. California (locality unrecorded).

humeralis n. sp.

Humeri of the elytra not or only very slightly prominent 2

2 — Elytral punctures almost as coarse as in the preceding but less coarsely
tuberculate basally; body smaller, narrower, similarly clothed and
maculate with black, except that the ante-median fascia is more
broken internally, does not extend so far toward the suture and,
more especially, is flexed forward at the sides nearly to the humeri,
the post-median finely attaining the suture in a V-shaped line,

300 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

also flexed at the sides but backward, the punctures forming still
more conspicuous black dots throughout; head much more coarsely
and closely perforato-punctate, the antennae very much more slender
and filiform, the basal joint shorter and not so stout but more rugosely
sculptured, the ashy basal bands of the remaining joints even more
dense and conspicuous; prothorax not quite so transverse, coarsely
punctate; scutellum with the median fulvous stripe more parallel;
elytra longer, nearly three-fourths longer than wide, the sides
straighter and more parallel, very broadly rounding at apex; under
surface and legs with ashy pubescence, variegated with small black-
ish spots, especially on the femora; fifth male ventral as in the
preceding but rather more narrowly rounded, the sinus equally
sharply marked. Length (cf) 15.5 mm.; width 7.0 mm. California
(Tulare Co.) annulata n. sp.

Elytral punctures relatively much finer though distinct, sparse; antennae
similarly annulate, the tibiae in the same way uniannulate 3

3 — Body very broad, feebly convex, clothed and maculate nearly as in
humeralis, except that the fasciae and pronotal vittae are brownish-
black and the ashy hairs of the elytra are more intermingled with
fulvous and more divaricately oblique in arrangement, especially
near two marked longitudinal impressions of each elytron, which
are not so evident in any other species; head with moderately coarse,
deep and rather close-set perforate punctures, about twice as nu-
merous as in humeralis, the antennae relatively longer and less stout,
with the basal joint shorter, less stout, more punctured and rugose
and, especially, with different vestiture, the hairs being coarser,
longer and denser and more conspicuously intermingled with brown-
ish; prothorax still less transverse, one-half wider than long, the
lateral tubercle still less elevated and more obtuse; scutellum as in
annulata; elytra much shorter, barely more than one-half longer than
wide, the sides subparallel, the punctures sparse, becoming granose
basally throughout; fifth male ventral short, very broadly rounded,
very indefinitely subtruncate medially and without trace of the
median sinus of the two preceding species. Length (cf ) iS.o mm.;
width 8.2 mm. California (near San Francisco) guexi Lee.

Body much narrower, smaller in size, similar in vestiture and maculation
but with the fasciae and vittse deep velvety-black and narrower than
usual; prothorax shorter than in any other, very nearly twice as
wide as long, the lateral tubercles less broadly obtuse than in the
others; scutellum as in the preceding; elytra parallel, together
semicircularly rounded at tip, with fine but strong, sparse punctures,
which do not become at all graniform basally, except near the hu-
meri; under surface and legs with more fulvous than cinereous
hairs. Length (9) 12.7 mm.; width 5.4 mm. California (locality
unrecorded) brevicollis n. sp.

The head and prothorax in humeralis are distinctly broader and
more massive than in guexi, and the radical differences in the sexual
modifications of the fifth male ventral will readily serve to distin-

CERAMBYCID/E 301

guish the latter from either humeralis or annulata. I am unable to
say whether the brownish color of the pronotal vittae and elytral
fasciae in my single representative of guexi is a permanent or acci-
dental feature, but this is of slight moment. There are probably
many other species of this genus on the Pacific coast, to which region
it is narrowly restricted, but they all seem to be rather rare indi-
vidually.

Tribe ACANTHODERINI.

The chief distinguishing feature of this tribe, besides the con-
stantly strong acute lateral thoracic teeth or spines, is the clavate
form of the first antennal joint ; in this way it is markedly distinct
from any of the Leiopi or Acanthocini which follow, and, though
apparently not very important, it has here full tribal value. The
species are generally stout in build, but in some groups they become
more slender than some of the Acanthocini. The types of Acan-
thoderes as described by Lacordaire, are short thick trigonal forms,
destitute of any kind of sculpture, with truncate elytral tips,
peculiar sternal structure and with the antennae of the male slightly
longer than the body. This indicates that there are a number of
distinct genera at present united under Acanthoderes, as could be
assumed very readily on viewing the habital differences, for ex-
ample, between morrisi, quadrigibbus andfimeraritis. These genera,
so far as represented in the very limited material of my collection,
excepting Acanthoderes which I have not seen, may be briefly
defined as follows:

Prosternal and mesosternal processes broad, truncate, bituberculate on
their opposing faces; elytra without trace of sculpture of any kind,
trigonal, truncate at apex; antennae (cf) sensibly longer than the
body, or ( 9 ) slightly shorter. [Type Cerambyx daviesi Swed.].
Colombia and Brazil *Acanthoderes

Prosternal and mesosternal processes both rather steeply sloping, not
prominently opposed, the former simple, the latter with a small
juxta-coxal tubercle at each side; elytra strongly sculptured, fre-
quently carinate, short, trigonal, truncate at the tips; antennae as
in Acanthoderes. [Type Acanthocinus quadrigibbus Say]. North
and South America Psapharochrus

Prosternal and mesosternal processes as in the preceding, rather broad,
evenly sloping, both wholly devoid of tubercles; elytra short, parallel,
together circularly rounded and perfectly entire at apex, smooth,
finely punctate; antennae much shorter than the body in both sexes,

302 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

stout, not annulated, the outer joints short and compactly joined.
[Type Acanthoderes funerarius Bates]. Mexico and Central America.

*Pardalisla

Prosternal and mesosternal processes differing from any of the preceding,
narrower, the latter very gently sloping, perfectly simple; elytra
elongate, very feebly cuneiform to subparallel, obliquely truncate
at apex, nearly smooth, punctured, each with or without two feeble
discal raised lines; antennae as in Acanthoderes but slender, annulate;
last dorsal segment of the abdomen ( 9 ) produced slightly at apex
as in the Acanthocinini, which is not the case in any of the preceding
genera. [Type £L. decipiens Hald.]. Eastern America.

JEgomorphus

ACANTHODERES Serv. — Limited so far as known to a few peculiar
species of the northern part of South America, as stated by Lacor-
daire (Gen. Col., IX, 2, p. 753).

PARDALISIA n. gen. — The type of this genus, as stated above,
is of isolated habitus in the present group, owing to the stout
parallel form of the body, short thick compact antennae, conjointly
rounded elytral apices and type of ornamentation.

^EGOMORPHUS Hald. (Dej. Cat.) — This is a very distinct genus,
forming a bond between the Acanthoderini and Acanthocinini;
so far as known to me, we have in the Atlantic regions of North
America, to which it is probably confined, but two species — decipiens
Hald., and morrisi Uhler. As this genus is valid it will be neces-
sary to rename the genus JEgomorphus of Thomson (Essai, p. 336).

Psapharochrus Thorns.

Besides the described quadrigibbus Say, and cornutus Bates,
which I have before me, this genus will include many other similar
species from Mexico and Central and South America, among which
the two following appear to have been as yet unannounced:

*Psapharochrus histrio n. sp. — Form and ornamentation very much
as in quadrigibbus, the elytral punctures sparse and stronger, involved in
conspicuous black dots, which are absent in that species; body stout,
rather convex, black, the vestiture fine, close, very short and dense,
red-brown, variegated with some black maculation on the elytra, an
irregular oblique discal spot, a small one slightly posterior and near the
side and two small ones near the apex, on each, being evident; each
elytron also with an oblique ochreo-cinereous sinuous fascia from the
margin behind the humerus to about inner third, surrounded internally
by a blackish border; head dark brown, with scattered small perforate
punctures; antennal joints three and four each with two loose pale annuli,
the remainder each with a single subbasal to basal annulus; prothorax

CERAMBYCHXE 303

twice as wide as long, the lateral tooth very large, triangular and medial,
the two dorsal tubercles strong, the median carina acute, wanting in
basal half; punctures coarse, well separated; elytra triangular, Avith
broadly rounded sides, three-fifths longer than wide, the apices sinuato-
truncate, the outer angle acute but not much produced; inner elevated
line evident medially, flexed outward and feeble though tuberculose
basally, the outer line obsolete. Length (9 ) n.o mm.; width 4.4 mm.
Honduras.

It is rather singular that no Central American species seems to
have been recorded by Bates, which can be said to be especially
allied to histrio. It bears a very close general resemblance to
guadrigibbus but has very much larger lateral thoracic teeth, which
are not at all flexed forward at apex, as is related by Bates of
sylvanus.

The following is allied in general appearance:

*Psapharochrus guatemalensis n. sp. — Form stouter than in the
preceding but almost identical in color and ornamentation; head similar
in color and sculpture; antennae similarly banded, piceous in color;
prothorax shorter and broader, the lateral tooth similar, large and tri-
angular, but not quite so large as in histrio, the dorsal tubercles strongly
elevated, simple; medial carina less acute than in histrio but becoming
obsolete only very near the base; punctures coarse and well separated;
elytra similar but broader and more rounded at the sides, the oblique
fascia longer, otherwise similar, except that the outer of the two dorsal
lines is also evident medially; legs nearly similar, except that the tarsi
are very much stouter. Length (9 ) 13.8 mm.; width 6.0 mm. Guate-
mala (Villa Nueva, near the city).

If I am correct in considering the type of each of the above
species as female, as would appear from the long and rather pointed
fifth ventral, which is nearly similar in each, they are undoubtedly
distinct; though so strikingly similar in ornamentation and sculp-
ture, the differences in the tarsi are rather remarkable.

In this genus the second antennal joint becomes more elongate
than in the preceding sections of the Lamiinae.

Tribe ACANTHOCININI.
Lagochirus Erichs.

Lagocheirus Lac.

This is a large genus in the warmer regions of North and South
America and the species are of very broad form, somewhat as in
Psapharochrus, but more depressed and with the elytra usually less

304 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

rapidly cuneiform, though in prcecellens Bates, they are as strongly
trigonal and almost as convex as in any of that genus. Besides
a good series of araneiformis and one each of longipennis and
prcBcellens Bates, I have in my collection two other species, which
are not identifiable with any of those recorded by Bates; these
are the following:

*Lagochirus parvulus n. sp. — Form much more parallel than in ara-
neiformis and very much smaller in size, though almost similarly marked,
the lateral elytral dark spot similar but more sinuate antero-internally,
black, densely clothed throughout with pale brown vestiture, variegated
but slightly, excepting the lateral dark area and a very few extremely
faint posterior transversely wavy lines on the elytra; head dark, the
sculpture concealed; antennae (cf ) very slender, unusually short, two-
thirds longer than the body, evenly and densely ochreo-pubescent through-
out, without trace of annulation and with the node of the sixth joint
obsolete, represented by a glabrous convex spot; prothorax small, nearly
twice as wide as long, nearly as in araneiformis, the elytra also similar,
except that they are parallel, the punctures still more obsolescent api-
cally; last dorsal segment much more narrowly rounded; legs shorter, the
femora much more feebly clavate, the tarsi more slender, the anterior
but slightly dilated and with short cilia; last ventral segment broadly,
almost rectilinearly truncate. Length (cf) n.o mm.; width 4.6 mm.
Panama (Nata).

Resembles very much an extremely small example of aranei-
formis, but parallel and with relative smaller prothorax and truncate,
not broadly sinuate, apex of the fifth ventral segment.

*Lagochirus procerus n. sp. — Form narrower and more elongate than
araneiformis, blackish, densely clothed with very short whitish tomentum,
the dark lateral spot of the elytra as in araneiformis but with much
more extended white area behind the spot and between it and the
distinct entire transverse dark fascia at apical fourth, which shades
off gradually paler posteriorly and with its sharply marked anterior
margin biangularly reentrant; punctures sparse; fasciculi and granose
basal ridges as in araneiformis; head similar, the antennae (cf ) slightly
more slender and not uniformly clothed but with joints 1-3 finely mottled,
4-6 biannulate with cinereous, the node and erect seta similar on the sixth,
the remaining joints with dense cinereous-white pubescence, solid on the
outer joints, darker at base and apex on the seventh, diminishing on the
following; prothorax similar but smaller; elytra more elongate, moderately
cuneiform, three-fourths longer than wide; fifth ventral a little longer,
more strongly rounded, with the median sinus narrower and very distinct;
last dorsal broad, sinuate at apex, with rounded angles. Length (cf)
20. o mm.; width 8.5 mm. Unlabeled, but probably from Lower Cali-
fornia.

This species has long figured in my collection under the name

CERAMBYCID^E 305

obsoletiis Thorns., but on reading Mr. Bates' description of that
form, I have no hesitation in announcing it as distinct; the posterior
fascia is obsolete in obsoletus but is very pronounced in procerus.

Glaucotes n. gen.

The type of this proposed genus is Leptostylus yuccavorus Fall,
from southern Arizona; it differs from Leptostylus in the smooth
surface of the elytra, varied only by three very even and feebly
elevated discal costules, more densely pubescent, vanishing basally
and wholly devoid of clustered erect hairs of any kind ; it also differs
from any form of true Leptostylus in the rounded and not truncate
elytral apices. Its general habitus is very different from any
Leptostylus, although apparently not distinguished by structural
peculiarities other than those mentioned. There are probably
several species of Glaucotes, judging by my material.

Leptostylus Lee.

This is a very large and, as organized at present, not very sharply
limited genus, of wide distribution in the North and South American
continents; in the rather stout, roughly sculptured body it is some-
what intermediate between Lagochirus and the Leiopi. In this
country it is most abundantly represented in Florida. The fol-
lowing apparently new species have come to light more or less
recently :

Leptostylus lecontei n. sp. — Moderately stout, dark brown, clothed
densely with luteo-cinereous vestiture, mottled with paler and darker
areas; front between the eyes before the antennal prominences much
wider than long; antennae (9) mottled, a third longer than the body;
prothorax four-fifths wider than long, nearly as wide at apex as at base,
the prominences moderate, broadly rounded; surface with a few small
widely scattered punctures and more in transverse line at apex and base,
also with five moderate tubercles, the vestiture uniform; elytra three-
fifths longer than wide, much wider than the prothorax, the sides ar-
cuately rounding, more so apically, to the transversely and sharply
truncate apices, the humeri rather prominent; surface with small sparse
penicillate black warts, some of which are on an oblique discal raised line
at outer third, also darker in a large post-humeral lateral area, extending
to the middle and obliquely truncate internally somewhat on the disk;
also a fine oblique line on each just behind the middle, meeting the other
on the suture and before which, and between it and the lateral dark area,
the vestiture is whiter; also with two small dark, and two or three paler,
T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

306 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

areas, behind the oblique fascia; femora strongly clavate. Length (9)
10.0 mm.; width 4.1 mm. Florida (Lake Worth).

I do not know of any species closely allied to this; in general
ornamentation it is somewhat as in planidorsus, but is much nar-
rower and with more anterior position of the oblique fasciae.

Leptostylus crescenticus n. sp. — Similar to the preceding in coloration
and vestiture, but the body is narrower in form, the front quadrate, the pro-
thorax more narrowed apically than basally and with only three tubercles,
the outer posterior being obsolete; the elytra are similar but with the
sparse punctures rather coarser, the arcuately oblique pale fasciae more
posterior and not margined behind with darker tint. Length (9)
8.6 mm.; width 3.4 mm. Florida (Crescent City), — Schwarz.

For many years the type of this species has been in my collection
under the name collaris Hald., but on reading the original descrip-
tion of collaris, I find the two do not agree in any important par-
ticular. The elytral truncatures are as sharply marked as in
lecontei.

• Leptostylus taeniatus n. sp. — Stout, oblong, convex, blackish-piceous,
the minute dense and coarse vestiture cinereous, with small fulvous
clusters of more erect hairs sparsely intermingled on the elytra, limited
by a straight transverse even and densely white entire fascia at the
summit of the declivity, the posterior parts like the anterior; front dark,
a small yellowish spot at the centre; antennae slender, barely longer
than the body (o71 ), a little shorter (9 ), the joints to the fifth strongly
mottled brown and white, those beyond cinereous, all the joints black
at tip; prothorax one-half wider than long, carinate medially and with
a short oblique elevation at each side of the middle anteriorly, the sides
obtusely tumid at the middle; vestiture concealing the sculpture, except
an even transverse subbasal line of punctures; elytra parallel, rapidly
oblique and moderately declivous behind, two-fifths wider than the pro-
thorax, the tips narrowly arcuato-truncate, without sharp angles; two
discal ridges uneven, distinct, fasciculato-spinulose, the outer bent
outwardly near the base; punctures coarse, rather close but filled with
the vestiture; femora clavate; tarsi rather short and slender throughout,
the basal joint of the posterior not twice as long as wide. Length (o71 9 )
8.4-10.8 mm.; width 3.6-4.5 mm. Florida (Lake Worth), — Kinzel.

Very distinct from any other of our known species, but its rela-
tionship with Cuban species cannot be stated at present; it was
sent in considerable number.

Leptostylus divisus n. sp. — Narrower, more elongate and less convex,
parallel, clothed densely with rather dark cinereous vestiture, becoming
brown on the elytra behind an even posteriorly arcuate transverse line
near posterior fourth, the coloration, sculpture and vestiture throughout

CERAMBYCIOE 307

as in aculifer; antennae a little longer than the body, slender, the scape
long and notably thick; legs and tarsi as in aculifer. Length (9 ) n-2
mm.; width 4.2 mm. Texas.

Belongs near aculifer Say (marginellus Hald.) but larger, much
more elongate, with a longer and thicker scape and with the outer
antennal joints less rapidly abbreviated. In both sexes of aculifer
the third antennal joint is as long as the last four combined, the
antennae being not longer than the body even in the male; in divisus
they are much longer than the body in the female and probably
still longer in the male, with the outer joints less rapidly shorter;
the more basal joints are more strongly dilated at their apices.
Albescens Hald., is a species widely distinct from aculifer in its larger
size, denser and whiter vestiture, bifasciate with brown near the
apex and much longer antennae, these being nearly as in divisus but
with more slender scape; the latter species is much more slender
in bodily form; albescens has for a synonym asperatus Hald.

Leptostylus mutilus n. sp. — Form short, convex, dark piceous-brown,
the integuments not concealed by the small and uniformly ochreous-
brown hairs, which at certain parts are denser though of the same color
throughout; head small, much narrower than the prothorax, not dis-
tinctly sculptured, the antennae ( 9 ) longer than the body, maculate
with ochreous and brown; prothorax not quite twice as wide as long, the
sides feebly rounded, only slightly more so and broadly arcuate medially,
without any appearance of prominence or tubercle, the surface almost
even, sparsely and rather finely punctate, with a transverse series of
coarser punctures along the basal and apical constrictions, also having
a small tubercle at each side of the middle anteriorly; elytra one-half
longer than wide, much wider than the prothorax, parallel, rounding in
apical third or fourth, the apices very narrowly and obliquely truncate,
with obtuse but evident external angle, rather coarsely, deeply and
sparsely punctate throughout, the surface with an oblique impression
from near the humeri toward the suture, also with several uneven and
slightly elevated lines, bearing clusters of denser hairs; femora strongly
clavate; basal joint of the hind tarsi twice as long as wide. Length
(9 ) 7.0 mm.; width 3.2 mm. Florida (Key Largo).

This species is allied to terrcecolor Horn, but is shorter in form,
with relatively smaller head and prothorax and much more narrowly
truncate elytra.

*Leptostylus bates! nom. nov. — This name is proposed for the Central
American Leptostylus albescens Bates (Biol. Cent. Amer. Col., V, p. 387)
which is preoccupied by Haldeman for a distinctly valid American species,
hitherto suppressed as a synonym of aculifer Say, as stated above.

308 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Astylidius n. gen.

This generic name is proposed for certain small species, hitherto
placed in Leptostylus, but which differ in the smaller, more acute and
subangulate lateral tubercles of the prothorax, situated a little
more markedly behind the middle, in the very narrow metasternal
episterna, longer antennae and in the very slender tarsi, the basal
joint of the posterior being three or four times as long as wide. The
type is Leptostylus parvus Lee., and in addition I have before me two
other species, which may be described as follows:

Astylidius versutus n. sp. — -Small, more slender than usual, convex,
rufo-piceous, rufous beneath, not very densely clothed with minute
luteo-cinereous hairs, which do not conceal the punctures, the elytra
each with a short transverse discal line of white at three-fifths; head
densely clothed with umber hairs, deeply indented between the strong
antennal tubercles, the antennae very slender and filiform, three-fourths
longer than the body, pale, mottled with darker, the articular apices
darker, the scape moderate, elongate-ovular; prothorax two-thirds wider
than long, finely, loosely punctate, the surface even, excepting a short
and very oblique ridge at each side of the middle anteriorly, the median
line slightly prominent behind the middle for a short distance; lateral
tubercles just behind the middle, small and obtusely angulate but prom-
inent; elytra three-fourths longer than wide, parallel, rounding to the
subacute apex in apical third, the apices obliquely and arcuately trun-
cate, without distinct angles; elevated lines feeble, the inner with a
small acute tubercle near the base, the punctures rather coarse, deep and
well separated, close on the inflexed flanks; femora strongly clavate,
tarsi slender, the first joint of the posterior slender, much longer than the
next two combined. Length (cf) 5.0 mm.; width 1.7 mm. District of
Columbia.

Allied to parvus Lee., but differs in its more elongate form, longer
legs and antennae and somewhat in the form of the lateral thoracic
tubercles, which in parvus are a little smaller and more acute.

Astylidius leiopinus n. sp. — Somewhat similar to the preceding but
much stouter, convex, piceous, clothed rather closely and uniformly
with fine luteo-ochreous pubescence, the elytra with a narrow straight
oblique line on each, from the suture slightly behind the middle, to the
median line at three-fifths, also with a slight amount of white pubescence
exterior to this; head narrower than the prothorax, the antennae (9)
two-thirds longer than the body, pale, maculate with ochreous and brown
pubescence; prothorax twice as wide as long, nearly even, the two anterior
short oblique ridges obtuse, the lateral projection at basal two-fifths
obtusely angulate and distinct; punctures fine, not close, with a line of
slightly laiger punctures near the base; scutellum dark; elytra one-half
longer than wide, parallel, gradually rounding, than oblique in apical

CERAMBYCID^E 309

two-fifths, the pointed apices narrowly, evenly and strongly rounded;
surface with not wholly concealed and rather coarse, well separated
punctures and three or four irregular though evident costules, bearing
strongly marked clusters of erect hairs of darker tint; under surface dull
rufous; femora clavate; first hind tarsal joint between three and four
times as long as wide. Length (9) 6.0 mm.; width 2.6 mm. Texas
(Columbus).

Differs from versutus in its much stouter form, more transverse
prothorax and in the oblique elytral fasciae nearly as in Leiopus
alpha and others.

Astylopsis n. gen.

Although the general facies of the body in Lamia macula Say, is
nearly as in Leptostylus, the coxae similarly very widely separated
and the tarsi similarly thick, there are several structural differences
of importance, among which may be mentioned the much less
coarsely faceted eyes and the more evenly punctate sculpture of
the pronotum, also the narrowed front, smaller organs of the mouth

«

and shorter antennal scape, with the outer angle at apex more acute.
For this species I would therefore propose the above generic name
and the Lamia guttataoi Say (Amniscus commixtus Hald.) is another
member of the genus; the latter name is unaccountably misprinted
sexguttatus, as a member of Leptostylus, by Hamilton (Tr. Am. Ent.
Soc., 1896, p. 119).

It is highly probable that Leptostylus albidus Lee., from Arizona,
will also prove to be generically distinct when more carefully ex-
amined, as the erect hairs of the upper surface are wholly foreign
to the other species and usually constitute an important generic
character in this difficult group. Amniscus perplexus Hald., is
another apparently peculiar species, which seems to have been
misinterpreted by Hamilton; the prothorax is said to have "small
impressed punctures," but, more especially, the elytra are said to be
"entire at tip," cinereous, "hairy" and mottled with dark brown.
In Amniscus collaris Hald., the prothorax is said to be "thickly
punctured," which, as well as the subentire elytral apices, would
render it quite distinct from Leptostylus lecontei and crescenticus
described above.

Nyssodrysina n. gen.

The genus Nyssodrys of Bates, as now organized, is very com-
posite, containing many inharmonious elements. No type species

3io MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

has been designated, but Mr. Bates has fortunately indicated those
forms which he considers typical (Biol. Cent. Amer., Col., V, p. 179)
and I would therefore formally select Nyssodrys deleta Bates, as the
type of the genus. On this assumption it becomes possible to give
the generic name to our Leiopus haldemani Lee., which has recently
been placed in Nyssodrys, but which is not by any means congeneric
with deleta. It differs in having a small acute oblique spine at
each side of the prothorax very near the base, more convex upper
surface of the body and clavate and not gradually thickened femora;
the ovipositor is not long but very short, triangular, with rounded
apical angle. The lower lobe of the eye is long and suboblong,
being but slightly narrower below, the antennse not quite twice as
long as the body, the sterna moderately wide between the coxae and
the elytra are obliquely truncate at tip. The type is Nyssodrysina
haldemani Lee., occurring in Georgia.

Leiopus Serv.

Omitting certain well characterized species of larger size, named
variegatiis, wilti and setipes, and some smaller and more obese
species of the crassulus type, somewhat resembling Leptostylus
biustus to external view, such as crassulus, centralis and decorus,
which I do not have at hand, there are a considerable number of
small and more obscure species clustering about alpha, fascicularis,
punctatus and crassulus, which are invariably confused in cabinets
but which, on closer study, seem to lend themselves very well to
taxonomic treatment as follows:

Elytra more elongate, twice as long as wide or more, the fascia at or near
three-fifths from the base; species eastern in distribution 2

Elytra not so elongate, less than twice as long as wide, always with more

compact and conspicuous cinereous vestiture of the general surface,

the fascia more posterior, at about two-thirds from the base; species,

excepting mediator, of the southwestern — or more essentially Sonoran

—faunas 12

2 — Fascia — black bordered anteriorly with cinereous — transverse, with
an obtuse and feeble anterior sutural prolongation 3

Fascia oblique, the two forming a very obtuse angle on the suture, always
well behind the middle 5

Fascia much more oblique, the two uniting on the suture at the middle
of the length 1 1

3 — Sides of the prothorax oblique anteriorly, from the apex of the large
prominent triangular tooth at basal third. Body moderately stout,

CERAMBYCHXE 311

unusually convex, testaceous, with a large blackish cloud on each
elytron centring at basal third, and a small discal cloud near the
apex behind the fascia; pubescence cinereous, uneven in distribution;
antennae dark, mottled and with dark articular apices; prothorax
very short, finely, densely punctate, with a small indefinite elevation
at each side of the middle anteriorly; elytra closely, rather coarsely
and conspicuously punctate, twice as long as wide, parallel, the
subacute apices narrowly and very obliquely sinuato-truncate, each
with three fine feeble discal raised lines, bearing minute distant
blackish clusters of erect hairs; upper marginal line of the flanks
acute, obtuse basally; femora all distinctly though moderately cla-
vate. Length (9 ) 5-4 mm. ; width 1 .9 mm. Illinois . . dentatus n. sp.

Sides of the prothorax subparallel, broadly swollen behind the middle,
with a small acute denticle projecting from the convexity 4

4 — Elytra rather convex, not more than twice as long as wide, rufo-piceous,
the lateral cloud not defined and scarcely evident; cinereous ves-
titure sometimes mostly yellowish, not conspicuous near the humeri;
antennae as in the preceding; prothorax smaller and narrower, two-
thirds wider than long, almost even on the surface and closely punc-
tulate but with mottled vestiture; elytra coarsely, deeply, rather
closely punctate, the punctures separated by scarcely more than
their own diameters, the costuliform lines not elevated but with
unusually large blackish penicillations; under surface obscure rufous,
the metasternum medially, and abdominal segments apically, black;
femora abruptly and moderately clavate. Length (c? 9 ) 4.3-6.3
mm.; width 1.4-2.2 mm. District of Columbia and Indiana.

punctatus Hald.

Elytra more elongate, more than twice as long as wide, testaceous, with
the lateral blackish cloud very large, extending fully to the median
line, the cinereous or yellowish vestiture inconspicuous, except in a
large area before the black fasciae and toward the humeri; prothorax
similar but with the two rounded anterior, and one posterior, black
areas, better defined; elytra with the tips similar but not so oblique,
the slightly raised lines conspicuously penicillate with black;
punctures not so coarse and separated by twice their diameters or
more; under surface nearly similar but with denser cinereous ves-
titure, the femora moderately clavate. Length (cf 9 ) 4.0-6.8 mm.;
width 1.3-2.3 mm. A large series from Indiana, [rusticus Lee.;
xanthoxyli Shimer] fascicularis Harris

5 — Femora more or less strongly and abuptly clavate as usual 6

Femora less clavate, the posterior slender, only very feebly enlarged
toward tip in either sex 10

6 — Elytra with the three discal lines rather sharply elevated and distinct,
the penicillate points minute and inconspicuous. Body testaceous,
the yellowish vestiture of the elytra very minute, not dense and not
concealing the sculpture, conspicuously cinereous before the oblique
black fasciae, which are largely formed of three elongate spots on the
raised lines; lateral black cloud confined to the flanks behind the
humeri, not attaining the latter, the upper line of the flanks rather
acute except basally, the punctures moderately coarse, well separated ;

312 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

prothorax having the triangle of black spots as in the preceding but
in shape more as in dentatus, the sides straight and oblique from the
apex of the large triangular tooth to near the apex, more oblique
but straight behind; femora strongly, abruptly clavate. Length
( 9 ) 6.0 mm. ; width 2.0 mm. District of Columbia. . testaceus n. sp.

Elytra with the three discal threads obsolescent, though generally trace-
able; sides of the prothorax with a more or less developed minute
abrupt denticle as in punctatus 7

7 — Antennal scape unusually thick, elongate-oval, scarcely four times
as long as wide. Body moderately slender and convex, obscure
testaceous, the cinereous vestiture longer and coarser than usual,
almost concealing the sculpture though not dense; antennae (9)
pale, mottled, three-fourths longer than the body; prothorax dull,
nearly twice as wide as long, with the usual three dusky but not
at all tuberculiform spots; elytra rather more than twice as long
as wide, parallel, evenly arcuato-convergent at the sides posteriorly
to the very narrow and oblique sinuate apical truncatures; surface
deeply but not coarsely punctate, the punctures separated by fully
their own widths, the lateral black cloud extending inwardly to
outer fourth; oblique fascia composed of a few black spots; black
clusters few in number but distinct; femora strongly and abruptly
clavate. Length (9) 6.2 mm.; width 2.2 mm. Indiana.

scapalis n. sp.

Antennal scape more slender, more than four times as long as wide. . .8

8 — Oblique elytral fasciae composed each of three elongate black spots.
Body dark brown in color, rather densely clothed with small dusky-
cinereous hairs, with the small black points on the three feeble
elytral threads very sparse but evident, the lateral black cloud
confined to the flanks; prothorax less than twice as wide as long,
densely dull, the three blackish spots somewhat convex; elytra
formed as in the preceding but narrower, similarly punctured;
abdomen fuscous, sometimes partially rufescent; hind femora (9)
unusually feebly clavate for this section though distinctly so.
Length (cf1 9 ) 5.0-5.5 mm.; width 1.8 mm. New Jersey and
New York (Lake Champlain). A male from Indiana seems to be
conspecific; it has all the femora strongly clavate. . .vicinus Hald.

Oblique elytral fasciae continuous or partially so, not clearly composed
of spots 9

9 — Body unusually short and convex for this division of the genus, pale
testaceous, the elytra barely twice as long as wide; pubescence
minute, moderately dense, cinereous or yellowish; antennae moder-
ate; prothorax distinctly less than twice as wide as long, the three
blackish spots very ill-defined; elytra more distinctly exceeding
the prothorax in width than in any of the three preceding except
testaceus, rounding behind to the oblique sinuous apices, the black
lateral cloud extending inwardly some distance and distinct, the
elevated lines obsolete, the fasciculi very few in number; femora
strongly clavate in both sexes. Length (cf 9 ) 4.0-5.2 mm.;
width 1.4-1.9 mm. District of Columbia and Delaware.

pleuralis n. sp.

CERAMBYCnXE 3 1 3

Body normally elongate but of very small size, dark and obscure red-
brown, the cinereous vestiture minute and not dense; antennae
dark testaceous, blackish at base; prothorax short, nearly twice
as wide as long, not evidently maculate; elytra twice as long as
wide, the apical truncatures only feebly oblique, not sinuate but
nearly straight and with broadly obtuse external angles; punctures
relatively coarse, deep and close-set, the elevated lines obsolete,
the black lateral cloud nearly confined to the flanks; fasciculi diffuse,
not black and scarcely visible; femora strongly, abruptly clavate.
Length (9 ) 4.0 mm.; width 1.4-1.5 mm. Indiana. . . .misellus Lee.

10 — Form slender, the size small, dark testaceous, the minute and dusky-
cinereous hairs not very dense and not concealing the elytral punc-
tures, which are relatively coarse though scarcely so large as in
punctatus and smaller and feebler apically, separated by less than
twice their diameters; antennae (9 ) very slender, dusky-testaceous,
not maculate, the joints dark at their apices; prothorax short,
nearly twice as wide as long, the sides oblique and straight from the
spinose tubercle to the distinct apical angles; surface finely, closely
punctulate, more strongly along the base, the two small anterior
convexities feeble; elytra barely twice as long as wide, convex, the
feebly elevated lines finely punctulate and more pubescent but
inconspicuous, the penicillations and oblique fasciae not very strongly
defined; apices obliquely and very narrowly truncate, with only a
trace of sinuation; two anterior femora short, distinctly though very
moderately clavate, the posterior longer, thin, with only a feeble
distal inflation, the legs nearly deep black throughout. Length
(9 ) 4.4 mm.; width 1.6 mm. Pennsylvania timidus n. sp.

Form more elongate and more depressed, piceous-black in color through-
out, the legs black; head with an unusually deep interantennal
indentation; antennae blackish, extremely slender, three-fourths
longer than the body; prothorax unusually short when compared
with the elytra, twice as wide as long, the sides moderately oblique
and straight from the acutely prominent denticle to the obtusely
prominent apical angles, densely and finely sculptured, with very
obscure maculation and dusky pubescence; elytra rather more
than twice as long as wide, slightly wider at three-fifths than at
base, rounding behind at the sides to the oblique apical truncatures,
which are barely at all sinuate, the angles obtuse; surface with moder-
ate and not very close punctures, partially concealed by the dark
fuscous vestiture, which is flecked, especially toward apex, with
small spots of cinereous, generally in linear arrangement, the lines
and fasciculi indistinct, the oblique fasciae feebly marked except
by their cinereous anterior margin; under surface deep black, cinereo-
pubescent, the legs shining, the two anterior femora feebly clavate,
the posterior gradually very feebly enlarged distally, not distinctly
clavate; fifth ventral not quite twice as long as the fourth, with a
distinct, broadly angulate emargination. Length (9) 4-7 mm.;
width 1.65 mm. New York (Bluff Point, Lake Champlain).

obscurellus n. sp.

II — Body less elongate, more oblong, more depressed and with the

314 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

minute cinereous vestiture only moderately dense, not concealing
the punctures, which, on the elytra, are notably strong, deep, not
dense but very clearly denned, also with unusually pronounced
sexual differences in form, the female being larger and relatively
much broader than the male and with more transverse prothorax,
testaceous in color, the two anterior pronotal dark spots conspicuous,
the posterior faded and ill-defined; elytra with the feebly elevated
lines more densely cinereo-pubescent and distantly penicillate, the
lateral black area slightly invading the disk, the oblique fasciae
broken and serrulate, by reason of a rounded black spot at about
the middle of each and on the first discal line. Length (cf 9 )
5.6-7.8 mm.; width 1.9-3.0 mm. New Jersey and Massachusetts
(Framingham), — Frost. Originally described from Georgia.

cinereus Lee.

Body narrower, more elongate and relatively more convex, piceous in
color, the elytral pubescence longer, coarser and very dense, con-
cealing the punctures, dusky-cinereous in color; prothorax two-thirds
wider than long, the spots small and obsolescent, the sides feebly
oblique before, very strongly oblique behind, the spiniform tooth
near the base; elytra finely, rather sparsely punctate, the scutellum
and elytral bead, thence posteriorly to the middle, infuscate, the
lateral cloud not invading the disk, the very oblique fasciae narrow
and more even, though largely composed of the three elongate black
spots, one on each of the three raised lines or threads, the latter here
very feeble though slightly marked by denser vestiture, the black
penicillations very small and sparse. Length (9) 6.2 mm.; width
2.2 mm. Indiana, [lateral-is Hald.] alpha Say

12 — Prothorax more or less nearly as in the alpha group preceding,
strongly transverse, generally not much less than twice as wide as
long 13

Prothorax much more elongate and relatively narrower, not much more
than one-half wider than long; body larger and more convex. ... 14

13 — Oblique fasciae of the elytra rectilinear, not broken submedially but
as usual not attaining the flanks; body stout, densely clothed with
short pale uniform ashy vestiture; color fusco-testaceous; prothorax
nearly twice as wide as long, swollen at the sides, the swelling with
an acute denticle at basal third, the three dark spots small, feebly
convex; elytra parallel, obliquely and feebly arcuate at the sides in
apical third, the narrow apices very obliquely and rectilinearly
truncate, the elevated lines feeble, remotely penicillate; lateral
dark cloud slightly invading the disk, the latter with a very feeble
clouded fascia behind and parallel to the narrow black fascia, which
is at apical third; femora moderately clavate, the posterior scarcely
at all less so. Length (9) 5-8 mm.; width 2.4 mm. District of
Columbia moderator n. sp.

Oblique fasciae very indistinctly marked, broad but suffused, interrupted
and sometimes obsolete; body narrower and more depressed than
in the preceding, the vestiture yellowish-cinereous and not so con-
spicuous as usual in this group, the raised elytral lines obsolete except

CERAMBYCID/E 315

near the base and on the declivity, where they are sinuously cinereous,
the black fasciculi feeble and sparse, stronger at base, especially
on the first line; color obscure testaceous; antennae rufous, mottled,
the articular apices dark; prothorax twice as wide as long or very
nearly, the three dark spots feeble, the two anterior slightly swollen,
the sides subarcuately oblique before the minute and very acute
spine at basal third, the apical angles rounded; elytra strongly and
closely punctate, the sculpture partially concealed, the lateral dark
cloud invading the disk to outer third; apices feebly oblique, straight,
with broadly rounded external angles; femora strongly clavate, the
posterior less so in the female. Length (cf 9 ) 4.8-5.4 mm.; width
1.7-2.0 mm. Texas (Brownsville) texanus n. sp.

Oblique fasciae strongly marked in the generally paler and denser cine-
reous field, but always widely broken submedially, the outer dis-
connected spot more advanced; body stouter, still more convex;
integuments dusky rufous, black in the large lateral elytral spot,
which invades the disk to outer third and on which the cinereous
hairs are sparser, thus greatly accentuating the blackness of the
spot; head feebly indented; antennae rufous, mottled, the articular
apices black, two-thirds longer than the body (cf) or one-half (9 );
prothorax slightly less than twice as wide as long, the lateral pro-
jection at basal third large, dentiform, with a minutely acicular
apex, the surface dull, the dark spots feebly defined, brown; elytra
three-fourths longer than wide, the pubescence somewhat variegated,
broadly and indefinitely whitish and more tawny, the elevated lines
feeble, the fasciculate tufts small, black and rather numerous;
punctures coarse but not dense; femora all rather strongly and sub-
equally clavate in both sexes. Length (d71 9 ) 4.8-5.8 mm.; width
1.8-2.25 mm. Texas (Brownsville and Austin). The Austin
examples are scarcely so stout and with relatively slightly smaller
head and prothorax, differing subspecifically houstoni n. sp.

14 — Body larger, stout, convex, densely clothed with .cinereous hairs,
shaded in certain areas with yellowish tint; integuments tawny-
rufous, darker in the lateral elytral spot, where the hairs are only
a little shorter and but slightly less dense than elsewhere; head
feebly indented; antennae nearly as in the preceding but longer,
three-fourths longer than the body ( 9 ) ; prothorax but little more
than one-half wider than long, otherwise nearly as in the preceding,
the three blackish spots not visible in the broad general mottling;
elytra three-fourths longer than wide, the oblique fasciae broken
exactly as in houstoni, the lateral spot paler brown and invading the
disk fully to outer third, the elevated lines distinct, with the fas-
ciculi very minute, brownish-black and sparse; apical truncatures
only feebly oblique, broadly and feebly sinuate, with sharply marked
angles; punctures coarse, not close-set; under surface with dense
and rather coarse cinereous and feebly, finely dappled vestiture,
longer and coarser than in houstoni; two anterior femora more
strongly clavate than in the female of houstoni but with the posterior
relatively less clavate. Length (9) 6.7 mm.; width 2.6 mm.
Texas (Columbus) mimeticus Csy.

316 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

In this genus the size of the body varies between wide limits in
nearly all the eastern species, but seems to be more constant in the
stout species, which have more nearly the general habitus of Lepto-
stylus binstus. The three groups of eastern species allied to punc-
tatus, vicinus and alpha are clearly delimited and appear to be well
denned natural divisions. Cinereus is amply distinct from alpha,
and in fact could not be termed closely allied to Say's species, either
in habitus, sculpture or sexual divergencies of size and outline; the
very oblique and strongly zigzag fasciae and coarse, very conspicuous
punctures of cinereus, will at once distinguish it; I received a good
series from Mr. Frost. Mimeticus is by no means closely related
to crassulus; a note which I made on inspecting the type of the
latter species, reads that the tips of the elytra are rounded, which
however possibly means that the narrow truncature is limited by
rounded angles, and that the vestiture is very short, not as long as
in honstoni or mimeticus. Crassulus has its type locality, in Lower
California, very remote from that of the latter two species, the
climatic conditions being wholly dissimilar. I cannot identify
diver gens Hald., who states that the prothorax has two diverging
velvety lines, the oblique elytral fasciae somewhat as in alpha, but
with an abdomen darker than the sterna and "polished"; it is 4
mm. in length.

Leiopus minuens Ham. (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., 1896, p. 123), of which
I have four examples from the type locality, Lake Worth, Florida,
is not by any means a Leiopus but a Leptostylus, though the smallest
of the typical members of that genus, parvus being placed here above
in another genus; the basal joint of the hind tarsi is short and of the
Leptostylus type. Dr. Hamilton evidently mixed his material, for
he states that the thoracic tubercles are "sometimes spinose, some-
times not." I have assumed that in the typical minuens the
tubercles are very obtusely rounded, as they are in my four speci-
mens, as well as in Leptostylus biustus and other similar forms.
Leiopus schwarzi Ham. (1. c., p, 124), is possibly also a Leptostylus,
or more properly, perhaps, because of the more pointed thoracic
tubercles, allied to Astylidius parvus Lee. I can form no idea of
Leiopus floridan us Ham., published (1. c.) as a variety of alpha, but
in all probability incorrectly.

CERAMBYCID.E 3 1 7

Lepturges Bates.

In North America and the neotropics, to which regions it is con-
fined, this genus is a very large one and naturally includes at present
some discordant elements, as shown principally by the form of
the body, nature of the thoracic spines, which however are always
small acute and more or less near the base, and the form of the
femora. In the more typical species of the genus, the hind femora,
at least, are never abruptly or strongly clavate in either sex. Our
species, as in the case of Leiopus and Hyperplatys, are somewhat
more numerous and structurally diversified than hitherto supposed ;
those represented in my cabinet may be known as follows:

Body more elongate and of larger size, the hind femora lineiform in both
sexes 2

Body shorter, small in size, the hind femora clavate as a rule, feebly in
the female; antennae hair-like in tenuity 5

2 — Lateral thoracic spine basal, the hind margin subtransversely, broadly
and feebly sinuate from the tips of the spine to the transverse
median parts of the base 3

Lateral spine more abruptly formed, less basal, denned posteriorly by a
less transverse and deeper sinus 4

3 — Form stout, larger than usual, obscure testaceous, very densely and
conspicuously clothed with fine even and pale cinereous pubescence,
variegated with blackish-brown spots; head feebly indented, the eyes
more deeply emarginate than in confluens; antennae subsimilar, very
pale and uniform, three-fourths longer than the body ( 9 ) ; prothorax
more trapezoidal, rather more than one-half wider than long, the
converging sides nearly straight, feebly undulate medially, rounded
at apex, which is much narrower than the base; surface even, except
a feeble transverse subbasal impressed line, ornamented with four
small elongate spots medially, two near the apex and two subbasal,
forming a parallelogram, also with a small brown point near the
basal angles; punctures fine and sparse; elytra slightly more than
twice as long as wide, more parallel, the sides rounding more abruptly,
though broadly, posteriorly to the apices, which are strongly and
evenly rounded; punctures fine and sparse, the dark maculation
nearly as in the following but wanting near the scutellum, the two
elongate coalescent spots behind the middle ashy, except about
their peripheries; last dorsal segment flat, tapering, with straight
sides and arcuato-truncate apex, projecting distinctly behind the
elytra, and not even with the elytral tips and narrowly rounded at
apex as it is in confluens. Length (9) 7-7 mm.; width 2.4 mm.
Texas (Austin). A single female taken by the writer many years
ago canus n. sp.

Form nearly as in the preceding, but not so stout and with the minute
cinereous vestiture much more completely replaced by more com-
minuted spots of brown; head indented; antenna? much less pallid

318 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

than in the preceding, very slender; prothorax barely one-half wider
than long, feebly trapezoidal, the apex but little narrowed, the dark
maculation normally forming four very large, more or less confluent
spots, the depression near the basal angles also dark; elytra more
elongate, much more than twice as long as wide, subparallel, very
gradually and arcuately narrowing behind the middle to the broadly
obtuse and rounded apices, which are relatively very much broader
than in camis, the punctures fine, sparse; dark maculation having
nearly the same form and extent as in the following species, but
variegated and more comminuted with ashy hairs; last dorsal seg-
ment (9 ) projecting distinctly behind the elytra, flat, with its apex
rounded, but less rapidly cuneate than in caniis. Length (cf 9 )
5.7-7.2 mm.; width 1.7-2.2 mm. Atlantic regions, [angnlatus Lee.].

confluens Hald.

4 — Form elongate, rather depressed; color dark umber, clothed rather
densely with extremely short fusco-cinereous pubescence, variegated
with darker linear spots, the dark areas of the elytra solid and not
partially ashy as they are in the preceding; antennae dark luteo-
testaceous; prothorax shorter, more or less trapezoidal, with feebly
undulating sides, rounding apically, two-thirds to three-fourths
wider than long, very indefinitely variegated; elytra subparallel,
the sides gradually rounding and converging posteriorly to the
strongly rounded apices, much more than twice as long as wide,
the spots large, one oblique from the middle of the base toward the
suture behind the scutellum, one lateral and irregular from the
humerus, expanding posteriorly irregularly, this area sometimes
attaining the suture behind the middle, thence narrowing to the
external margin near the apex; last dorsal (9 ) narrowly parabolic,
not extending behind the elytra. Length (cf 9 ) 6.2-7.2 mm.;
width 1.8-2.2 mm. New York, Indiana and Ontario, [pictus Lee.].

symmetricus Hald.

Form elongate, feebly flattened above, pale rufo-testaceous in color
throughout and with the vestiture so minute and fusco-cinereous as
to be scarcely visible; head deeply indented; antennae slender, con-
colorous, three-fourths longer than the body (cf), nearly similar
( 9 ) ; prothorax trapezoidal, three-fifths wider than long, the spine
much before the base, barely behind basal third, strong and sharply
pointed; surface feebly impressed along the base laterally, finely,
sparsely punctate, almost impunctate anteriorly, the vestiture not
at all concealing the surface, not variegated; elytra distinctly cunei-
form (cf ) , broader and nearly parallel ( 9 ) , the sides broadly arcuate,
slightly more converging posteriorly to the narrowly and trans-
versely subtruncate apices, the angles rounded; surface convex along
the sides above the flanks, flat discally, with a large broad and feeble
convexity near the base of each and nearly obsolete in the female,
the punctures strong, moderately close, becoming wholly obsolete
at apex; vestiture not at all concealing the surface, uniform, there
being only an easily denuded minute discal spot of ashy hairs at
basal fifth and a feeble oblique ashy discal streak near apical fourth;
color nearly uniform but becoming gradually infuscate posteriorly;

CERAMBYCHXE 319

sutural beading strong, obsolete basally; last dorsal (9) projecting
very slightly behind the elytra, broad, feebly cuneate, the apex
broadly and feebly bilobed. Length (cf1 9 ) 6.2-8.0 mm.; width
1.8-2.7 mm. Mexico (Durango City), — Wickham .*subglaber n. sp.

Form moderately elongate, feebly, subevenly convex, fuscous, densely
clothed with uniform ashy pubescence, spotted with black; head
deeply indented; antennae very pale and uniform luteo-flavate,
slightly more than twice as long as the body; prothorax feebly
trapezoidal, two-thirds wider than long, the spine well in front of
the base, strong and very aciculate at tip; surface with four large
circular spots, forming almost a square, the sides black at the middle;
elytra parallel, rounding more rapidly at the sides posteriorly, the
apices narrowly subtruncate, not at all prolonged; surface with the
fine sparse punctures virtually concealed by the dense cinereous
hairs, each with a large subcircular and clearly denned spot of black
medially near the base, two in oblique line near basal fourth, one
just outside the median line a little behind the middle and another
nearer the median line at apical fifth; femora testaceous, black in
about apical half, the tibiae and tarsi nearly black; under surface
blackish, broadly pale along the median line throughout; basal joint
of the hind tarsi nearly one-half longer than the entire remainder.
Length 6.5-6.8 mm.; width 2.0-2.2 mm. Indiana and Ohio.

regularis Lee.

5 — Ely tral apex not black 6

Elytral apices black, the tips not prolonged; post-median fascia broad and
transverse II

6 — Post-median fascia of the elytra narrower and more oblique, its inner
limit distant from the suture and strongly oblique 7

Post-median fascia much broader, transverse, either crossing the suture
or with its inner edge parallel and very close thereto; tips not
prolonged 10

7 — Elytral tips prolonged posteriorly to a slight degree, rounded or
subtruncate with rounded angles, antennae two and a half to three-
fourths times as long as the body 8

Elytral tips not prolonged, obliquely recti-truncate, with distinct but
not prominent angle; antennae fully three times as long as the body
or more 9

8 — Outline narrow and elongate, pale luteo-flavate in color, the dark
maculation rather pale brown; cinereous vestiture fine, moderately
dense, becoming brown and very inconspicuous on the apparently
denuded darker areas; head feebly indented, the antennae pale
luteous; prothorax one-half (cf) to three-fourths (9) wider than
long, very feebly trapezoidal, the spine strong, posteriorly oblique
as usual, far from the base and between basal third and fourth,
infumate, not maculate, minutely, densely punctulate, with stronger
punctures along the base; scutellum pale; elytra fully twice as long
as wide, slightly shorter in the female, somewhat strongly but not
densely punctate, closely and deeply at the sides, the line of flexure
not cariniform though distinct; maculation consisting of a subbasal
discal spot, a larger post-humeral marginal one, with a feebler discal

320 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

parallel line and a smaller one near the suture, a sharply arcuate
transverse post-medial fascia, more or less expanding at the margin,
extending nubilously to the tip and a small discal spot near the apex,
the apices separately strongly and evenly rounded; femora strongly
clavate, the posterior less so, especially in the female, though very
evidently also in the latter; under surface pale, infumate narrowly
along the sides. Length (cf 9 ) 4.6-6.2 mm.; width 1.4-2.0 mm.
New York, Ohio, Ontario and District of Columbia. . . signatus Lee.

Outline much narrower, smaller and even narrower than signatus, much
darker, black or nearly so, the under surface broadly pallescent
along the middle, the femora at base and the tibiae, except distally,
feebly picescent, the tarsi black, the first joint of the posterior (cf )
scarcely so long as the remainder, shorter than in the preceding,
where it is paler and equal to the remainder, the prothorax (cf ) feebly
trapezoidal, much shorter than in the same sex of signatus, very
transverse, fully three-fourths wider than long, the strong oblique
spines at basal third; disk densely punctulate, not maculate;
elytra fully twice as long as wide, gradually feebly and arcuately
tapering behind to the apices, which are barely at all prolonged and
broader and more obtuse than in the preceding species and evenly
rounded; maculation very indistinct on the blackish ground, which
is loosely clothed with short fine dusky-cinereous hairs, of the same
style as in signatus but more developed; punctures similarly strong
but more evident; femora all clavate. Length (cf) 5.0 mm.;
width 1.5 mm. New York (Bluff Point, Lake Champlain).

tenebrosus n. sp.

9 — Body very much shorter, relatively stouter and more convex than
in the preceding section, rufo-piceous, the ground of the elytra
densely covered with short cinereous vestiture, the maculation
pale brown, with certain points more blackish; antennae very long,
extremely tenuous; prothorax transverse, feebly trapezoidal, the
sides more rounding at apex than usual, the spine at basal fourth;
surface with two nubilous vittae expanding anteriorly; elytra only
three-fourths longer than wide, parallel, rounding rapidly behind,
finely, rather sparsely punctate, not densely on the flanks, which are
rather shallow and with very broadly obtuse line of flexure, the basal
spot large, quadrate, inclosing a small cinereous point and joining
the black humeri, the latter spot gradually evanescent along the
margin but adjoining an oblique discal series of three nubilous spots
at and near basal third, the inner near the suture; a sharply arcuate
more blackish fascia behind the middle expands externally but comes
far from reaching the margin and the oblique inner ramus is faint
and near the suture; behind this there are three oval faint spots
forming a subapical triangle; legs shorter than usual, the two an-
terior femora strongly clavate, the posterior slender, not clavate;
tibiae and tarsi much shorter, the basal joint of the posterior much
shorter than the remainder. Length (9) 4.2 mm.; width 1.5 mm.
Texas (Brownsville), — Wickham celtis Schf.

IO — Form ( 9 ) notably short as in the preceding, blackish, the elytra a

CERAMBYCID^E 321

little paler, the maculation umber brown; cinereous pubescence of
the elytral ground only moderately dense, of the pronotum finer and
less obvious as usual; antennae (9) about two and three-fourths
times as long as the body, very tenuous; prothorax (9 ) two-thirds
wider than long, with two broad nubilous vittae enlarged anteriorly
and sometimes almost resolved into four large spots, the spine just
behind basal third; elytra (9 ) not more than two-thirds longer than
wide, rather finely, sparsely punctate, strongly and closely externally,
with a common transverse dark spot just behind the humeri, nar-
rowly prolonged posteriorly along the suture, a large post-humeral
area on the flanks, extending onto the disk, where it is truncated
and paralleled by two elongate spots in oblique line, the post-medial
dark spot very large, irregularly subquadrate, attaining but not
crossing the paler brown sutural beading, divided near the external
margin; between this and the apex there is a single rather large discal
spot; femora (9 ) moderately clavate, the posterior slender, not cla-
vate; pale hind tarsi with the basal joint rather longer than the
entire remainder, the legs normally slender and longer than in celtis.
Length (c? 9 ) 3.6-4.6 mm.; width 1.0-1.5 mm. New York to
Wisconsin querci Fitch

Form narrow and elongate, feebly convex, deep black throughout, the
coxae and femoral bases rufo-piceous; cinereous vestiture whitish,
dense as usual, much finer and less distinct on the prothorax; head
small, indented; antennae (9 ) two and one-half times as long as the
body, very tenuous, obscure testaceous; prothorax as in the female
of querci; elytra narrower and much more elongate, twice as long as
wide, narrowing rather rapidly behind to the narrowly subtruncate
apices, the punctures small and sparse, coarser and dense on the
flanks, the maculation deep black as in querci, except that the post-
median fascia is very broad and more even from the suture to the
margin and two-fifths as wide as the entire length of the elytra,
along the margin prolonged nubilously to the apex, where it adjoins
a very small feeble discal spot; last dorsal not appearing behind the
elytra; legs normally long, the two anterior femora feebly clavate,
the posterior linear, not clavate; tarsi shorter but very slender, the
basal joint of the posterior barely longer than the remainder.
Length (9 ) 4.0 mm.; width 1.35 mm. Pennsylvania (Buena Vista
Spring, Franklin Co.) tristis n. sp.

II — Body smaller than in any of the preceding species, not very slender,
black or piceous, the pubescence as usual whitish; prothorax shorter,
twice as wide as long, the spine strong, before basal fourth, the disk
not clearly maculate; elytra less than twice as long as wide in both
sexes, with a transverse common post-scutellar and humeral spot,
sometimes united, a small marginal spot behind the humeri and
obliquely prolonged discally for a short distance and a very broad
entire transverse fascia just behind the middle, separated from the
broadly and solidly black apex by a narrower transverse pale fascia;
there is also a small sutural macula before the middle, represent-
ing the two small inner spots of the oblique series in the querci group;
T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

322 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

femora (cf) all strongly clavate, or ( 9 ) the anterior two moderately,
the posterior not, clavate; legs rather short. Length (cf 9 ) 2.7-
3.5 mm.; width 0.8-1.2 mm. District of Columbia, Illinois and
Wisconsin facetus Say

Tenebrosus differs from signatus in its more slender form, blackish
coloration, more narrowly attenuate elytral apices and in other
features. Of the querci group, celtis is very distinct in its obliquely
truncate elytral apices and much shorter legs, among other char-
acters; tristis is distinct in its much more elongate form, being even
more slender in the female than the male of querci, also in its intense
black color and the very broad post-median elytral fascia, which is
even relatively broader than in facetus. Some errors relating to
the identity of angulatus and pictus Lee., and symmetricus and
confluens Hald., are rectified in the table; pictus was separated
from angulatus because of the distinctly less basal thoracic spine
and is plainly the species described by Haldeman, under the name
symmetricus, while the angulatus of LeConte is evidently the same
as confluens Hald., which was placed as a variety of symmetricus
by Haldeman and apparently overlooked by LeConte.

Valenus Csy.

This genus is somewhat allied to Lepturges but is of very much
broader form of body and with less narrowly separated coxae, the
intermediate being separated by a third of their own diameter;
it is also widely separated by the form of the tarsi, which are broad
and subinflated, the first joint of the posterior being not quite three
times as long as wide, expanded at apex and narrowed toward base,
barely longer than the next two joints combined, the second quad-
rate, not quite as long as wide. The claws are very small, divari-
cate, the femora all strongly clavate in the type, and the flanks of
the elytra are separated from the feebly convex upper surface by an
obtusely angulate line of flexure, obsolete basally; the elytra
throughout have long sparse erect bristle-like hairs; the thoracic
spines are very small and less basal then in Lepturges, being exactly
at basal third. The antennas are shorter and less tenuous than in
that genus and the outer joints gradually diminish in length; they
are, in the assumably male type, but little more than one-half
longer than the body. Valenus is also allied to the neotropical
Chcetanes Bates, but is not identical with that genus.

CERAMBYCID^E 3 23

Hyperplatys Hald.

In the globular, prominent and more or less narrowly separated
coxae, this genus conforms well with the other genera of the Leiopus
group, but the upper surface is here flatter than in any of the others
and is separated from the flat and feebly inflexed flanks* by a
sharply marked and often prominently cariniform line of flexure.
The style or type of ornamentation is also wholly different from
either Leiopus or Lepturges; so there can be no doubt that the genus
is valid, and not a synonym of Leiopus as stated in the Munich
catalogue. The neotropical genus Anisopodus is also allied rather
closely to Hyperplatys, and the species described by Bates under
the names Anisopodus argus, pardalis and pusillus are evidently
Hyperplatys rather than Anisopodus, the last two without the least
doubt; argus, however, would be by far the largest known species,
and, in view of its extreme southern habitat, may prove to be dif-
ferent, although it seems to have very nearly the same type of
ornamentation. In fact Bates himself, who had previously over-
looked Hyperplatys, presumably because of the Munich catalogue
synonymy, states later on, under pardalis that that species at least
might with equal propriety be placed in Hyperplatys.

The femora are always strongly clavate in the male and sometimes
very strongly so in that sex and less clavate, though mutually sub-
equally so in the female, but in one species, of isolated habitat and
distinct appearance — calif ornica Csy., — the hind femora of the
female become linear, or at least non-clavate, as in most forms of
Lepturges. The elytral apices are always narrowly, very obliquely
and deeply sinuato-truncate, with the outer angles prolonged pos-
teriorly, sometimes, as in the notably aberrant femoralis of Halde-
man, becoming finely aciculate and very prominent. The thoracic
spines are as in Lepturges, though smaller, more abrupt and more
aciculate. The basal joint of the slender hind tarsi is always very
elongate, generally longer — especially in the male, — though some-
times a little shorter in both sexes, than the remainder. The
antennae are twice as long as the body or more and finely capillary.

* Not "epipleura," as written by Bates; the true epipleura, as so well developed for
instance in Coccinellidae, being a very different structure from the deflexed to feebly
inflexed flanks, even when divided from the upper surface by a prominent line as here
and also in many Tenebrionid genera.

324 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

The species of Hyperplatys are really very numerous, though
at present almost wholly undifferentiated in collections, because of
the comparative uniformity of maculation; those which are defin-
able in my own collection may perhaps be recognized by the follow-
ing statement :

Species of the Atlantic regions and westward to the Rocky Mountains;
femora all clavate, rather more strongly in the male, the posterior
relatively more or less visibly less so in the female 2

Species of the true Pacific coast fauna; femora all clavate, except the
posterior of the female, which are slender and not clavate 15

2 — Elytra sparsely speckled with spots, generally black but brown in
maculata, and having on each a larger discal spot between posterior
third and fourth 3

Elytra with spots of black, rather uniformly distributed throughout and
without trace of a larger discal posterior spot; middle coxae separated
by a third of their width to rather less than a fourth; basal joint of
the hind tarsi longer than the remainder 13

Elytra uniformly dull smoky-black; middle coxae separated by about a
third of their width; basal joint of the hind tarsi shorter than the
remainder 14

3 — -Middle coxae very approximate, separated by barely a fifth of their
own width 4

Middle coxae less close, separated by a third of their width more or less . 5

Middle coxae unusually distant, separated by rather more than one-half
of their width 12

4 — Body of exceptional form, stout but with relatively much narrower
head and prothorax, in this respect somewhat as in femoralis, pale
testaceous; legs dull black, the femora bright rufous to beyond the
middle; ground vestiture consisting of small stout and closely de-
cumbent ashy hairs, not very densely placed; head dull, with a fine
entire medial stria, much narrower than the prothorax, the antennae
long, slender, pale; prothorax four-fifths wider than long, subparallel,
the spine aciculate and before basal fourth; punctures strong and
unusually close-set, the middle two of the four brown circular spots
large; elytra short, three-fourths longer than wide, parallel, rounding
and narrowing obliquely in apical third, the outer angle of the apex
dentiform, acute; humeri unusually angulate and widely exposed at
base; surface unusually coarsely, deeply but not densely punctate,
a little more closely on the more shining flanks, which are uniformly
rufous; spots large, circular, brown, the posterior discal relatively
small, obliquely linear; legs well developed, the femora (c?1) very
strongly clavate, the posterior notably longer than the others,
approaching Anisopodus; fifth ventral scarcely as long as the fourth,
broadly rounded. Length (cf) 4.8 mm.; width 1.8 mm. Penn-
sylvania maculata Hald.

5 — Basal joint of the hind tarsi distinctly shorter than the remainder.
Body moderately stout, subparallel, feebly convex, the carina at the
line of flexure of the elytra strong; color pale brown, closely covered

CERAMBYCHXE 325

with small decumbent ochreous hairs; front short, densely, evenly
punctate and dull, the median line very obsoletely impressed; an-
tennaa (9 ) testaceous, the scape black, the joints black toward apex,
two and a third times as long as the body; prothorax very trans-
verse, more than twice as wide as long, much wider than the head,
distinctly narrower than the elytra, the sides feebly subangulate at
the middle, thence straight and oblique to the apex, the spine narrow,
acute, abruptly spiculiform, at basal fourth; surface strongly,
moderately closely punctate, the four black spots as usual; elytra
not quite twice as long as wide, parallel, rounding obliquely behind,
the apical angle acutely dentiform, the humeri rounded; surface
with well separated moderate punctures, coarser and close on the
clouded flanks; spots deep black, sparse and moderate in size,
becoming much larger and subconfluent behind the larger discal
spot, each elytron with the two slightly elevated discal lines of denser
and paler hairs very distinct; legs moderate. Length (9 ) 4-7 mm.;
width 1.65 mm. Rhode Island (Watch Hill), — Wirt Robinson.

lentiginosa n. sp.

Basal joint as long as the remainder or longer, especially in the male. .6

6 — Interspaces between the pronotal punctures smooth and highly
polished and also with a regular system of minute clear-cut punc-
tulation; elytra uneven. Outline moderately stout and subparallel,
feebly convex, black or feebly picescent, the flanks rufescent; legs
black, the femora pale rufous except apically; pubescence close,
minute as usual and cinereous; front slightly shining, broad, the
fine stria obsolete anteriorly, the punctulation fine and dense;
antennae (cf) black throughout, two and three-fourths times as
long as the body; prothorax broad, fully twice as wide as long, the
spicule rather long and slender, at basal fifth or sixth; sides arcuate,
oblique anteriorly; surface mostly denuded in the type but finely,
sparsely punctate, with a small feeble convexity at each side of the
middle anteriorly, on which the punctures are wanting; elytra
slightly though evidently wider than the prothorax, short, three-
fifths longer than wide, parallel, obliquely rounding at the sides
posteriorly, the angle dentiform but with its apex rather blunt;
surface broadly, transversely depressed near basal third and each
with traces of two fine and feebly elevated lines medially, moder-
ately but unusually closely punctate, very closely so toward base,
the spots moderate, unevenly distributed, the posterior spot trans-
verse, attaining the acute but scarcely cariniform line of flexure,
the flanks uniformly dull rufous, strongly and closely punctate;
femora strongly clavate. Length (cf) 5.0 mm.; width 1.9 mm.
Colorado (Boulder Co.) montana n. sp.

Interspaces finely and feebly, confusedly rugulose and less shining;
elytral surface even 7

7 — Front not evenly, very densely punctate and dull as in lentiginosa
but shining, with the punctures simple, not dense and at most
feebly asperate, the interspaces smooth. Body unusually stout,
fuscous, paler and rufescent on the flanks, black beneath, the
vestiture fine, close, dusky-cinereous; legs blackish-piceous, the

326 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

extremely clavate femora red in basal half or less; head rather large,
though narrower than the prothorax, strongly, transversely grooved
behind the antennal prominences, the antennae (d71) dusky-testaceous,
black at base, the outer joints black distally, barely twice as long
as the body; prothorax not quite twice as wide as long, much nar-
rower than the elytra, the very oblique spicules near basal fourth;
punctures not coarse but very deep, rather close, the rounded black
spots moderate; surface even and with an impunctate flat line
basally; elytra three-fifths longer than wide, the sides very feebly
converging from the rounded and broadly exposed humeri, rounding
and converging in apical third, the angle dentiform, moderately
acute; line of flexure acutely defined but not cariniform; punctures
moderate, somewhat close-set, very close and deep on the flanks,
the outer of the elevated lines alone visible and only medially,
spots rather large, sparse, the posterior spot discal, transversely
oval; fifth ventral (c?) not distinctly longer than the fourth, broadly
truncate, the truncature distinctly sinuate medially. Length (cf)
5.8 mm.; width 2.2 mm. Indiana robustula n. sp.

Front more or less densely granulose and rugosely punctate, in a manner
very different from the preceding or in lentiginosa 8

8 — Form narrower and more parallel, the prothorax but very little
narrower than the elytra. Blackish, the flanks barely at all less
so, the legs dull black, the femora pale basally; vestiture close,
whitish-cinereous, the denser lines of the elytra distinct except
basally but not elevated; head well developed, feebly transversely
indented; antennae (cf) twice as long as the body, rufous, black at
the articular apices, the scape black; prothorax not quite twice as
wide as long, the spicules short, at basal fifth; sides broadly angulate
at the middle, thence rather strongly oblique to the apex; surface
finely, rather sparsely punctate, with a large feeble rounded tumor
at each side of the median line before the middle, the interspaces
finely, transversely strigilate, the spots rather small; elytra not quite
twice as long as wide, of the usual outline, the apical angle dentiform,
moderately acute, the line of flexure strongly cariniform; punctures
small, rather sparse, well separated even on the flanks, the spots
moderate, sparse, posterior attaining the carina in the type; femora
moderately clavate. Length (c?1) 4.8 mm.; width 1.65 mm. Iowa
(Keokuk) amnicola n. sp.

Form moderately stout, less parallel, the prothorax always notably
narrower than the elytra 9

9 — Median line of the pronotum carinate from before the middle to
basal fourth. Body smaller than in any other species and less stout,
with smaller head, the front very densely, granularly rugose through-
out and dull; color piceo-rufous, the vestiture cinereous, minute,
not dense; antennae pale rufous, the articular apices black, the
scape piceous; prothorax short, very nearly twice as wide as long, the
spicule near basal fourth; surface bitumorose somewhat as in the
preceding, finely but strongly, not densely punctate, broadly concave
basally throughout the width; elytra three-fourths longer than wide,
of the usual form, the punctures fine, rather sparse, coarse and close

CERAMBYCID^ 3 27

on the flanks, which are blackish though paler posteriorly, the line
of flexure finely cariniform; two discal lines not visible, the black
dots sparse and small, the posterior spot transverse, attaining the
carina in the type; legs rather short, the femora moderately clavate.
Length (cf ) 3.7 mm. ; width 1.35 mm. Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

delicata n. sp.

Median line of the pronotum not definitely carinate 10

10 — Prothorax with pronounced and rather prominent though obtuse
apical angles, standing far our laterally from the fine apical beading.
Body small in size, rather stout, blackish, with the vestiture dark
and not dense, ochreo-cinereous in color; head very strongly and
densely micro-granulose and dull, strongly indented, the antennae
(9) not very pale, unusually short, three-fourths longer than the
body; prothorax unusually short, twice as wide as long, the spicules
standing out almost perpendicularly near basal fifth, the sides sub-
angularly prominent at the middle; surface evenly convex, the
black spots not tumid, the punctures fine, rather sparse; elytra
short, three-fifths longer than wide, rather strongly and closely
punctate, the line of flexure carinate, the flanks black or nearly so,
rufescent at the lower margin, strongly, densely punctate; discal
lines feebly evident, not elevated, the black spots small, scattered,
the posterior spot transverse, usually attaining the carina; hind
femur (9) slender, only feebly but rather abruptly clavate at the
distal extremity. Length (9) 4.2 mm.; width 1.5 mm. Penn-
sylvania nigrella Hald.

Prothorax with the apical angle still more obtuse and notably less
prominent ; body larger 1 1

II — Form moderately stout, blackish-piceous, the elytral flanks rufescent;
head rather small, much narrower than the prothorax in both sexes,
indented, feebly grooved between the antennae, the latter distinctly
more than twice as long as the body in both sexes, differing but
slightly sexually, pale except the articular apices, the scape blackish;
prothorax twice as wide as long, nearly similar sexually though
broader in the male, the sides unusually prominent medially, thence
strongly oblique to the apex, the spicules small, at basal fifth; surface
broadly concave along the base, moderately punctate, the medial
black spots distinct and slightly tumid, the lateral often wanting;
elytra nearly four-fifths longer than wide, of the usual outline, the
carina sharply marked, the discal lines unusually distinct but not
elevated; punctures moderate, widely separated, the black spots
rather large, especially in the female, somewhat numerous, the
posterior spot isolated, rounded; femora clavate, nubilously rufous
basally, the fine pubescence dense, the posterior (9) distinctly
clavate distally; fifth ventral (d71) subtriangular, longer than the
fourth, narrowly truncate at tip. Length (c* 9 ) 4-7~5-O mm.;
width 1.7-1.83 mm. Indiana and New York (Catskill Mts.).

cryptica n. sp.

Form broader, the color paler, testaceous, clothed with cinereous pubes-
cence; head distinctly larger, rather strongly canaliculate along the
median line; antennae long as in the preceding but with the basal

328 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

joint not black but only slightly browner, two and one-half times
as long as the body (cf ), or but little more than twice as long (9 );
prothorax less transverse, otherwise nearly similar, except that the
spicules are much less minute and the sides before them less oblique,
the spots small, feebler and brownish; elytra broader, two-thirds
to three-fourths longer than wide, otherwise similar, except that the
punctures are rather closer, the pale lines less distinct and the spots
smaller, the posterior larger, broadly truncated at the carina, the
apical angles dentiform, not very acute; flanks in great part blackish,
coarsely, very deeply and densely punctate; under surface rufous,
the femora rather strongly clavate, only a little less so in the female,
the posterior ( 9 ) distinctly clavate though rather gradually so and
much less abruptly than in cry plica; fifth ventral (cf ) longer than
the fourth, the apical truncature much broader than in the preceding.
Length (cf 9 ) 4.5-5.6 mm.; width 1.4-2.0 mm. District of Colum
bia and Indiana variolata n. sp.

Form nearly similar but blackish, the elytra feebly rufescent, the under
surface wholly deep black; legs black, the tibiae palish basally, the
femora feebly rufescent toward base; vestiture as in the preceding,
cinereous-white; head smaller, nearly as in cryptica, indented and
striate; antennae similar but with darker scape, not quite so long
as in variolata; prothorax nearly similar but much more distinctly
exceeding the head in width; elytra nearly similar but flatter and
with the carina along the line of flexure very strong, sometimes
prominent, the two denser whitish lines distinct; punctures rather
strong and close-set, the black spots and posterior macula as in
variolata; flanks blackish throughout, very closely and strongly
punctate; femora rather strongly clavate; fifth ventral (cf ) nearly
as in cryptica. Length (cf) 4.0-5.5 mm.; width 1.7-2.0 mm.
Maine (Monmouth), — C. A. Frost frigida n. sp.

12 — Form oblong, moderately stout, depressed, the lateral elytral carina
fine and prominently elevated; color blackish, the elytra piceous
throughout; pubescence close, minute, fusco-cinereous; under surface
and legs black, the femora rufo-piceous at base; head indented,
opaque; antennae (9 ) almost twice as long as the body, infuscate,
the scape black; prothorax twice as wide as long, prominently
rounded medially at the sides, which are thence oblique to apex and
base, the sides of the apex swollen; spicule straight, acute, pro-
jecting perpendicularly from the oblique side at basal fifth; surface
finely, rather closely punctate, dull, the median dark spots well
developed but not tumid; elytra twice as long as wide, parallel,
arcuately oblique posteriorly, dehiscent at apex, the external angle
dentiform; surface with moderate and well spaced punctures and
very small scattered spots of black, the posterior macula large,
oval, truncated by the carina; two discal paler and denser lines
evident; flanks closely pubescent; strongly, rather closely punctate;
hind femora distinctly clavate apically though rather slender.
Length (9 ) 6.0 mm.; width 2.0 mm. New York, .binocularis n. sp.

13 — Form oblong, depressed as usual, black, the elytra dull rufous, clothed
moderately densely with fine fusco-cinereous pubescence; under

CERAMBYCID/E 329

surface and legs black, the tibiae and femora pale basally; head,
prothorax and elytra increasing equally and moderately in width,
the antennae dull rufous, variegated with black as usual, the scape
black, twice as long as the body (cf ) or a little less (9 ); prothorax
short and transverse, two-thirds (cf) to once (9) wider than long,
almost parallel, swollen feebly at the sides medially, the spicule
acute, near basal fifth; surface dull, finely, not densely punctate,
the four spots well developed, not tumid; elytra parallel, rounding
at the sides behind, the angles dentiform; lateral carina sharp but
not elevated; surface sparsely, moderately punctate, the black spots
irregularly distributed, large, equal and circular, the ashy discal
lines wholly obsolete; flanks rufescent, strongly and closely punctate;
femora strongly clavate, the posterior of the female more slender
but distinctly clavate; fifth ventral (cf ) slightly longer than the
fourth, rounded, the apex rather narrowly and feebly truncate.
Length (cf 9 ) 4.2-5.5 mm.; width 1.4-1.9 mm. Indiana and New
York (Lake Champlain). The New York example has much darker
plumbeous vestiture aspersa Say

Form more rhomboidal, not very stout, feebly convex, infuscate, the
elytra not paler except on the flanks; under surface and legs dull
rufous, the femora and tibiae black distally, the tarsi blackish;
vestiture of small decumbent hairs even, fusco-cinereous, not very
dense; head indented, opaque, rather small, the prothorax broader
but with the difference less notable than that between the prothorax
and elytra; antennae (cf ) as in aspersa but longer, two and one-half
times as long as the body; prothorax two-thirds wider than long,
prominently rounded at the sides medially, the sides thence oblique
to apex and base, the sides of the apex rounded, not tumid; spicule
acute, just behind basal fourth; surface concave along the base,
somewhat shining, finely, not densely punctate, the four dark spots
not tumid; elytra much wider than the prothorax, with widely ex-
posed and rounded humeri, rather strongly cuneiform, with straight
sides, feebly rounding apically to the acute and subspiniform angles;
surface strongly, moderately closely punctate, the punctures tending
to very irregular lineal arrangement, the black spots very small,
sparse, uniform; discal lines very feeble; lateral carina fine and very
acute, somewhat elevated; flanks coarsely, very deeply and densely
punctate basally, rather finely and less closely apically; femora
strongly clavate; fifth ventral (cf ) longer than the fourth, rather
narrowly rounded, the apex narrowly subtruncate, the fourth segment
broadly and very feebly sinuate. Length (cf) 5-3 mm.; width 1.7
mm. District of Columbia vigilans n. sp.

14 — Body very stout, feebly convex, flattened medially, dull black, the
very minute and rather loose vestiture blackish-brown and uniform,
more cinereous but extremely minute beneath and on the legs;
under surface black, the legs black, the tibiae feebly picescent
basally, the femora bright red in basal half or more; head well de-
veloped, dull black, the antennae ( 9 ) dull black throughout and
slightly less than twice as long as the body; prothorax barely more
than one-half wider than long, slightly wider than the head and very

330 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

much narrower than the elytra, almost parallel, the sides feebly
prominent medially, the spicule strong, near basal fourth; surface
dull black, rather finely but very deeply and densely punctate;
elytra broadly cuneiform, three-fourths longer than wide, with very
widely exposed and slightly rounded humeri, within which the
surface is somewhat impressed, the sides just visibly sinuate for
a short distance behind the humeri, thence converging and feebly
arcuate, then gradually more strongly to the apical angle, which is
produced and spiculiform; surface uniform in sculpture and ves-
titure but flat medially and, except basally, sloping at the sides to
the lateral carina, which is very finely acute and subprominent;
punctures strong but not very coarse and notably close-set; flanks
more shining, strongly and closely punctate and picescent; femora
clavate, the posterior ( 9 ) more slender though rather distinctly
clavate distally. Length (9) 5-9 mm.; width 2.25 mm. Florida.

femoralis Hald.

15 — Elongate, subparallel, dark testaceous, clothed throughout very
densely with conspicuously pale cinereous-white pubescence; head
well developed, indented; antennae testaceous, blackish apically,
the scape sometimes piceous, twice as long as the body (cf1) or a
little less ( 9 ) ; prothorax subsimilar in the sexes, about three-fourths
wider than long, subparallel, the spicule rather strong, at basal fifth;
surface densely cinereous, the sculpture concealed, the four black
spots well developed; elytra three-fourths longer than wide, the
punctures strong and rather close when exposed but normally entirely
concealed by the vestiture, the spots of blackish tint small, occasion-
ally subobsolete, scattered, the posterior discal spot relatively very
small and sometimes wanting; lateral carina fine, rather prominent;
apical angles dentiform, somewhat blunt; flanks moderately punc-
tate, closely so, the cinereous vestiture distinct but less dense than
above; male with the hind legs rather long, approaching Anisopodus,
the fifth ventral equal in length to the preceding, broadly rounded,
with a feeble and moderately narrow apical sinuation. Length
(cf 9 ) 5.0-6.3 mm.; width 1.8-2.35 mm. California (Sta. Cruz
Mts.) californica Csy.

Maculata Hald., is a very peculiar species, universally misidenti-
fied in collections; it is probably of very local distribution on the
eastern Appalachian slopes; nigrella Hald., is also a distinctly
characterized form, not of wide dispersal; in fact most of the
species seem to be narrowly circumscribed in habitat and, although
the Catskill example of cryptica described above is very similar to
the Indiana exponents, there is a certain quality in the vestiture
which may indicate a difference, racial or otherwise. The three
species variolata, cryptica and frigida, of the above table, are mu-
tually allied and, although easily differentiable on inspection, do
not have any marked structural differences that can be expressed

CERAMBYCID/E 331

very convincingly. In variolata the head is relatively larger than
in the other two, andfrigida is blacker, as well as shorter and broader
in form; other divergencies may be inferred from the descriptions.
In lentiginosa the shorter basal joint of the hind tarsi is doubtless
due to some extent to the female sex of the type and in the male
it is probably a little longer; but this species is very distinct in
vestiture, maculation and in other features.*

Urographis Horn.

We now come to a part of the series in which the genera are con-
fused, owing in considerable part to the fact that the Graphisurus
pusillus of Kirby had, before the discussion of it by G. H. Horn
(Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., 1880, p. 128), been identified solely by surmise.
LeConte made it a synonym of Cerambyx fasciatus Degeer, which
would have given the name Graphisurus to the genus containing
that species and triangulifer Hald. Dr. Horn later (1. c.) gave closer
study to Kirby's description and came to the conclusion that pusillus
was the same as Leiopus biguttatus Lee., which conclusion may or
may not be correct. Mr. Gahan has recently erected the genus
Ceratogr aphis for Leiopus biguttatus Lee.

The writer lately came into possession, through the kindness of
Mr. C. A. Frost, of a series of small specimens, transmitted under
the name Acanthocinus obsoletus. A mere casual glance sufficed to
show that they were not obsoletus, although perfectly congeneric,
being much smaller, narrower and with smaller, closer elytral
punctures toward base. Now on examining Dr. Horn's transcrip-
tion of Kirby's diagnosis of pusillus, four facts and four only are to
be seriously considered, for the others would fit any one of half a
dozen species in several genera. These four determinative state-
ments are (i) position of the thoracic spines "toward base," (2)
the negative evidence afforded by failure to mention any erect
elytral setae, (3) the rounded apices of the elytra and (4) the size of
the body — 4^ lines or 8.5 mm. All of these statements fit perfectly
the series sent me by Mr. Frost, taken by him at Monmouth,
Maine, and I have no hesitation in definitely deciding that they

* Many of the statements made by Hamilton in his review of Hyperplatys (Tr. Am.
Ent. Soc., 1896, p. 129) are incorrect; furthermore he did not identify a single species
correctly, excepting the very distinct californica and femoralis, and in these he over-
looked the most important specific characters.

332 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

represent the true pusillus Kirby. In these Monmouth specimens
the elytral apices are broadly rounded, with scarcely even a trace
in any one of them of the narrow oblique truncature of obsoletus.
It only remains, therefore, to designate obsoletus, obliqiius and other
similar forms, as detailed further on, now figuring under Acanthocinus

—where they never really belonged, the thoracic processes being
spinose and not dentiform and noticeably more posterior in position

—by the name Graphisums Kirby and to restore the name Uro-
gr aphis Horn to triangulifera, fasciata and related species, as sug-
gested above.*

The genus Urographis is composed at present of a very limited
number of species, all of the Atlantic regions and distinguished
from any of the more typically Acanthocinid genera which follow,
by the shorter antennae, rather less basal position of the thoracic
prominences, which are dentiform rather than spiniform and by
the presence of erect sparse black hairs on the elytra. The three
species and one subspecies in my cabinet may be outlined as follows:

Last dorsal segment ( 9 ) very long, gradually finely pointed, convex and
with a dorsal stria basally, the fifth ventral of the female greatly
prolonged into a tube-like process, which is very deeply and angularly

* There are, however, some points that I fail to comprehend fully in this connection.
Dr. Horn (1. c.) states that Graphisurus, as represented by biguttatus Lee. (pusillus
Kirby) is in all respects a Lepturges, in which the thoracic spine is at a distance from
the base — agreeing with my identification as above, — the female with an ovipositor
about a third as long as the body, — also agreeing passably well — and having sparsely
placed erect hairs on the elytra. This last statement is completely at variance with my
determination from the Monmouth specimens, and is not supported by LeConte's
definition of biguttatus or Kirby's description of pusillus, where no erect hairs are
mentioned; and again, through the association of the former by LeConte with sym-
metricus and other true Lepturgids, an absence of erect hairs might be inferred to be
still more likely. Then, on the other hand, LeConte places biguttatus with sym-
metricus and others, having an acutely angulate mesosternum. In my interpretation
of pusillus, which is quite certainly not Leiopus biguttatus Lee., the middle coxa are
well separated, the mesosternum not angulate but broadly obtuse, and there are no
vestiges of erect hairs on the elytra, the conditions throughout being exactly similar to
those of obliquus Lee. I think that my interpretation of pusillus, through the Mon-
mouth specimens, is correct, and as LeConte's biguttatus is surely something else —
I formerly had an example of Urographis hebes under this name in my collection,
which could not be true because of the broadly truncate elytra; widely separated
middle coxae and short antennce, — which according to Horn has erect hairs, rounded
elytral tips and narrowly separated middle coxae, I have not seen it, and the name
Ceratographis given it by Gahan is probably warranted; but I have nevertheless
retained the name Urographis, because of certain doubts regarding the generic
identity of Ceratographis biguttata and Urographis fasciata.

CERAMBYCID^ 333

incised at apex; body moderately broad, narrower in the male,
blackish, sometimes rufescent, the elytra with cinereous pubescence
and numerous blackish punctures and with the basal region, a broad
oblique fascia before and another more solid but zigzag behind, the
middle, blackish and more or less comminuted; antennae (of)
two-fifths, or ( 9 ) one-fifth, longer than the body. Length — to end
of elytra as in all such cases — (c? 9 ) 9.0-13.3 mm. ; width 2.9-4.6 mm.
New Jersey to Lake Superior. Fourteen examples, [despecta Lee.].

fasciata DeG.

A — Similar in general form, sculpture and ornamentation but smaller
and of evidently narrower, more parallel form, with smaller pro-
thorax and somewhat shorter antennae ; ovipositor more slender but
otherwise similar; last dorsal ( 9 ) more rapidly cuneiform, more ex-
serted behind the elytra, with the apex narrower than in fasciata,
the ventral emargination similar. Length (cf 9 ) 9.5-13.0 mm.;
width 2.8-4.3 mm. New York (West Point), — Wirt Robinson.
Apparently common and described from seven examples.

reducta n. subsp.

Last dorsal segment ( 9 ) very much shorter, broader and flatter, without
trace of median stria basally, the fifth ventral of the female having
the produced portion much less extended and with its apex shallowly

and evenly sinuate 2

2 — Body in sculpture, vestiture and color very much as in fasciata,
rather narrow, parallel, subdepressed; head with a deep entire median
stria; antennae nearly one-half longer than the body, the joints cinere-
ous in nearly basal half; prothorax four-fifths wider than long, the
sides prominent and gradually obtusely angulate just before basal
third; surface with the cinereous hairs broadly replaced medially
and along the apex in great measure by short and sparser brown
pubescence, the punctures fine and sparse, with a series of coarse
punctures along the base; scutellum wider than long, subtruncate;
elytra but little more than twice as long as wide, with numerous
moderate brown punctures, asperulate basally, the cinereous ves-
titure replaced largely by brown at base, in a lateral spot before
basal third and in a sharply defined narrow transverse fascia at
apical third, which is but slightly oblique and but little distorted;
apices broadly, rectilinearly and transversely truncate, the angles
obtuse and blunt; erect hairs well developed; femora moderately
clavate (9), very strongly (cf); last dorsal (9) projecting behind
the elytra less than three times as long as wide, finely margined,
cuneiform, with feebly arcuate sides and blunt apex. Length (cf 9 )
9.6-10.8 mm.; width 3.0-3.3 mm. Iowa (Keokuk) and New York.

Three examples hebes n. sp.

Body larger, more convex and much stouter, more densely and com-
pactly clothed with cinereous vestiture; color rather blackish-brown;
head with the impressed stria obsolescent on the front, the antenna?
(9) longer than the body, the joints cinereous basally as usual;
prothorax less than twice as wide as long, the lateral tooth at basal
two-fifths; surface densely cinereous, with a complex medial pattern
of four velvety-black spots, separated by a dark region, the sides

334 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

with three or four small dark spots; elytra densely cinereous, with
small sparse punctures and a large basal area, a short lateral oblique
disintegrated fascia near basal third, a large oblique spot, not at-
taining the suture, solid and well defined at apical third, and a
smaller and sharply denned marginal spot near the apex, brownish-
black; last dorsal (9) nearly four times as long as wide, parallel,
with feebly arcuate sides, gradually converging posteriorly to the
bluntly rounded apex. Length ( 9 ) n. 8 mm.; width 4.4 mm. Ohio.

triangulifera Hald.

The last two species are rare in collections and I have at present
but a single female of triangulifera. One male of fasciata of my
series has a narrower outline, with relatively larger prothorax, more
nubilate markings and more narrowly sinuato-truncate elytral
apices, than any other, but additional examples are essential before
coming to any conclusion concerning it. Hebes doubtless represents
Leiopus biguttatus in many collections, but reasons are given in the
footnote on p. 332 for concluding that there can be no such identity.
The length of biguttatus, as given by LeConte, is 8.2 mm.; possibly
the elytral tips may be narrowly truncate.

Graphisurus Kirby.

The species hitherto placed under Acanthocinus in our lists form
an isolated group, having composite characters and affinities, which,
as explained above under Urographis, should now take the name
Graphisurus Kirby. The prominences of the prothorax, for in-
stance, are not dentiform as in Urographis and the European
JEdilis edmondi (Acanthocinus) as figured by Duval, but truly spini-
form, more as in the Lepturgids, and are generally more posterior
in position than in either Urographis or Acanthocinus, though never
quite so nearly basal as in Lepturges, and the antennae are very long
and filiform as in the latter group, but the body is very different in
facies, being relatively larger in size and with radically different
type of ornamentation, the latter more remindful of Urographis.
In the dense inferior fringe of hairs of the antennal joints, it however
differs from all of the other American genera, the only vestige of this
fringe in the latter being a very few short erect stiff black setae, one
to three or four perhaps on each joint, not constituting an analogy
in any sense. The elytra have no erect hairs as they do in Uro-
graphis, this feature being present among Lepturgid genera — omit-

CERAMBYCID/E 335

ting Dectes and Colobothea for the present — only in Valenus Csy., Ce-
ratographis Gahan and Chcetanes and Phrissolaiis Bates. Another
of the more important characters distinguishing Graphisurus from
Acanthocinus is the much greater length of the basal joint of the hind
tarsi in the former. Although there are remarkable antennal
differences to be noted among the rather numerous species of
Graphisurus, I cannot find any good reason for dividing them further
than subgenerically; those species known to me may be defined as
follows :

Male antennae simple; body smaller as a rule. Atlantic to Pacific.
(Graphisurus in sp.) 2

Male antennae with an external knob at the apex of the fifth joint, the
eleventh joint without vestige of terminal appendage; ornamentation
similar. Pacific and Sonoran regions. (Subgen. Canonura nov.) . .9

Male antennae with an external knob at the apex of the fourth joint, the
eleventh not appendiculate; body broader, flatter, more oblong and
with strongly modified ornamentation, which is however derivable
from the type prevailing in the two preceding groups. Atlantic
region. (Subgen. Tylocerina nov.) II

2 — Elytra narrowly and very obliquely truncate at tip and having barely
a vestige of raised discal lines or rows of dark spots 3

Elytra broadly rounded at tip and with more or less feebly raised lines
which bear small spots of blackish tint 4

3 — Body oblong, moderately convex, the elytra flattened between the
vestigial lateral lines; color blackish, sometimes paler, with cinereous
and blackish vestiture, the latter forming three irregular oblique
fasciae on each elytron and some basal spots, the pronotum irregularly
maculate and with two more distinct tumid blackish subapical
spots; antennae (9 ) one-half longer than the body, with joints three
to six gradually diminishing in length; prothorax nearly two-thirds
wider than long, the lateral prominence acutely spiculiform and at
basal third; elytra oblong, parallel, much wider than the prothorax,
rapidly and subcircularly rounded at apex; fifth ventral (9 ) with a
rounded emargination, fully as deep as wide, fringed with very short
hairs, the last dorsal gradually almost rectilinearly narrowed through-
out to the finely pointed apex, much shorter than the long black
egg-tube, as usual in the genus; male not at. hand. Length (9)
11.5-13.8 mm.; width 3.6-4.3 mm. New York to North Carolina.

obsoletus Oliv.

Body more elongate, larger in size and rather more convex, similar in
color and maculation, except that the oblique fasciae of the elytra
are more widely separated; antennae (9 ) similar, except that joints
three to six decrease more rapidly, thence of equal length to the tip,
or (cf ) two and one-half times as long as the body, more densely
fimbriate beneath and with the outer joints gradually though slowly
increasing in length, the eleventh two-fifths as long as the body;
prothorax less transverse, one-half wider than long, otherwise

336 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

nearly similar, finely, sparsely punctate, with coarser punctures
aggregated near the base; elytra longer, parallel (9) or feebly
cuneiform (cf ), the punctures similarly coarse, deep and perforate,
well separated, the outer raised line distinct before the middle nearly
to the humeri; femora strongly clavate in both sexes; female with
the fifth ventral very deeply emarginate at tip, the emargination
fringed with long dense white hairs, the last dorsal segment rapidly
narrowing to a point some distance from the tip, thence narrow and
parallel to the acute or narrowly blunt apex; male with the fifth
ventral more shallowly sinuate at tip, the last dorsal short, very
narrowly, deeply and acutely incised medially, the lobes rounded.
Length (cf 9) 14.0-15.5 mm.; width 4.6-4.9 mm. Florida.

floridanus n. sp.

4 — Antennae (cf ) not or but little more than twice as long as the body,
the outer joints not increasing noticeably in length 5

Antennae (cf ) two and one-half to nearly three times as long as the body,
the outer joints distinctly increasing in length 6

5 — Last antennal joint (cf ) without trace of a terminal process. Body
oblong, not very elongate, feebly convex, the elytra slightly cuneiform
in both sexes, blackish, clothed with cinereous vestiture, variegated
very confusedly with blackish spots; head with a deep entire median
stria; lower lobe of the eyes elongate; antennae slender, the joints
cinereous at base, three-fourths longer than the body in the female;
prothorax short, not quite twice as wide as long, the lateral spicule
near basal third; surface nearly even, the anterior tumidities almost
obsolete, rather finely and not densely punctate, with four ochreous
spots anteriorly in transverse line, broadly concave and a little more
punctate at base; elytra less than two and one-half times as long as
wide, wider than the prothorax, the apices broadly rounded, the
elevated lines obsolete but with the lineate black spots rather con-
spicuous, mingled with many other small black spots, the ante-
median oblique fascia very indistinct, the post-median, and a sub-
sutural spot near the apex, rather well defined; punctures moderate,
very deep and close-set basally, sparse and less distinct apically;
female with the last dorsal flat, narrow, gradually cuneiform to the
obtuse apex, the moderately produced last ventral with the rather
narrow emargination bearing a long dense fringe of whitish hairs;
male with the supplementary last dorsal bilobed, sinuate medially.
Length (cf 9 ) 8.5-11.0 mm.; width 2.6-3.2 mm. Maine (Mon-
mouth), — C. A. Frost pusillus Kirby

Last antennal joint (cf) with a distinct terminal appendage, which
however is short, not much over four times as long as wide. Body
rather narrower and more convex, black, with dusky maculation,
together with some cinereous, especially separating the conspicuous
small black spots of the strongly elevated elytral lines; head strongly
impressed, the stria obsolete near the antennal tubercles, the lower
lobe of the eyes broader, only a little longer than wide; antennae (cf )
twice as long as the body, the joints cinereous in basal half; prothorax
three-fifths wider than long, the spicules just before basal third;
surface strongly but very sparsely punctate and with two antero-

CERAMBYCID.E 337

posteriorly diverging lines of cinereous, beginning on the anterior
tumidities, the punctures not coarser but finer near the base; elytra
narrow but wider than the prothorax, feebly cuneiform, less than
two and one-half times as long as wide, evenly rounding at apex
to the bluntly rounded sutural angles; surface with rather strong
and close-set punctures, the two oblique fasciae tolerably distinct;
supplementary dorsal segment (cf ) narrowly and distinctly bilobed,
the rounded separating sinus much larger than in the preceding;
femora clavate, the abdomen with close-set denuded black spots.
Length (cf ) 9.0 mm. ; width 2.6 mm. New Mexico. . acomanus n. sp.
6 — Elytra each with two oblique and more or less disintegrated fasciae
nearly as in acomanus, and also numerous other small black spots

arranged along the slightly elevated discal lines 7

Elytra with solid velvety-black and irregular sharply angulate areas
arranged in the usual two irregular oblique fasciae, the spots of the

raised lines subconfluent; body more broadly oblong 8

7 — Form moderately broadly oblong, with subparallel elytra, each
broadly rounded at apex; head larger than in the preceding, other-
wise similar, the antennae similar but much longer, the process of the
last joint (cf ) very much longer, eight times as long as wide, with
the terminal brush of hairs distinct; joints ashy in basal half, the
ashy part extending much more apically on the longer last three
joints; prothorax one-half wider than long, the spines short, sharp,
slightly recurved at basal third; surface strongly but very sparsely
punctate, with four anterior cinereous spots, the two inner on the
inner sides of the tumors, the surface thence obliquely cinereous to
the base; elytra coarsely, extremely densely punctate between the
lines; supplementary dorsal (cf ) broadly bilobed at tip, the lobes
widely separated by a shallow angular sinus; last dorsal (9) pro-
duced and subparallel apically to the very obtuse and densely
fringed tip. Length (cf 9 ) 10.7-12.0 mm.; width 3.1-3.8 mm.

New Mexico and Colorado obliquus Lee.

A — Similar to the preceding but smaller and relatively narrower,
almost parallel, the anterior fascia broader and more diffused, the
posterior narrow and similar, the punctures and ornamentation
nearly similar; sides of the prothorax with a very small and almost
obsolete spinule, projecting from the swelling at basal third;
supplementary dorsal (cf ) narrower, the lobes narrower and much
less obtuse, separated by a very much deeper and angulate emar-
gination. Length (cf ) 10.5 mm.; width 3.0 mm. Mexico (Chi-
huahua),— C. H. T. Townsend chihuahuas n. subsp.

B — Nearly similar to obliquus in form, color and ornamentation, but
with the elytral punctures more widely separated and not so
coarse, the elytral apices narrower, subtruncate; supplementary
dorsal (cf ) differing materially in having the lobes smaller, more
rounded and separated by a rounded sinus of varying depth,
the sinus larger than the lobes; antennae more slender, with the
terminal process nearly similar, long. Length (cf 9 ) 10.5-11.0
mm.; width 3.1-3.4 mm. New Mexico (Fort Wingate).

sedulus n. subsp.
T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

338 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Form narrow, more subcylindric, the vestiture and sculpture almost as
in the preceding, except that the cinereous vestiture of the upper
surface is in greater abundance, whiter and more conspicuous;
head moderate, the eyes more widely separated, the antennal prom-
inences less strong and with the surface between them much natter,
the antennal scape more swollen apically than in obliquus; lower
lobe of the eyes longer; antennae two and three-fourths times as
long as the body, similar, except that the outer joints are less
cinereous, the terminal process much shorter, only four or five
times as long as wide; prothorax shorter, more than one-half wider
than long, the spinules distinct, at basal third, the surface similar,
except that the punctures are rather coarser and more numerous;
elytra nearly similar, except that the punctures are smaller and
sparser, everywhere well separated; supplementary dorsal (cf)
narrower, its apex almost entirely occupied by an evenly rounded
and moderately deep sinus, the lobes very narrowly rounded at
their apices; fifth ventral with the cinereous vestiture uniform, the
apical fringed sinus as usual. Length (d71) 9-5 mm.; width 2.8 mm.
California (Siskiyou Co.) pacificus n. sp.

8 — Body (9) rather broadly oblong, parallel, black, the under surface
obscure rufous, the abdomen black; head moderate, the antennae
much longer than the body; prothorax rather small, three-fourths
wider than long, the spicules distinct, at basal third, the sides feebly
and evenly oblique thence to the apex but sinuate before the prom-
inences; surface with very sparse moderate punctures and four
longitudinal cinereous vittae, the two inner arcuately diverging
from the subapical tumors; elytra much wider than the prothorax,
with very broadly exposed and basally transverse humeri, the sides
rounding behind to very near the suture, each narrowly rounded at
apex; surface obliquely impressed behind the humeri, subdiscon-
nectedly lineate with deep black on the feebly raised lines, the flanks
basally, an adjoining discal spot at one-third and an elongate and
more sutural spot before the middle, a narrow irregular black
fascia behind the middle and prolonged along the first and second
raised lines to near the apex and there inclosing a cinereous spot,
deep and solid velvety-black: punctures between the raised lines
moderate in size but deep and close-set, last dorsal ( 9 ) flat, gradu-
ally attenuated to near the apex, thence rather narrowly produced
to the moderately acute and densely silvery-fimbriate apex, the
fifth ventral much produced, deeply and angularly incised at apex.
Length ( 9 ) 12.2 mm.; width 3.7 mm. New Mexico, .angulosus n. sp.

9 — Dark areas of the pronotum and elytra solid and abruptly defined.
Body dark brown in color, the paler vestiture only moderately dense
and pale brownish; antennae (cf ) three and one-half times as long
as the body, pale cinereous throughout, the dense erect cinereous
fringe as long as one-half the thickness of the joints, the outer joints
rapidly very long; prothorax one-half wider than long, the lateral
prominences large, very acute, with the apices feebly flexed back-
ward, less basal than in any of the preceding species, being near
basal two-fifths; surface with rather small sparse punctures, brown,

CERAMBYCID^E 339

with an irregular pale lateral area enclosing some dark spots; elytra
feebly cuneiform, a little more than twice as long as wide, the apices
broadly rounding to the blunt sutural angles, rather finely, sparsely
punctate, more coarsely, densely and granularly so basally, the
basal sixth — somewhat raggedly — and an oblique broad fascia
before and another behind the middle, also a broad transverse fascia
near the apex, dark brown, the paler areas with a few brown dots,
a row of the latter along the suture also evident; male with the fifth
ventral circularly sinuate at tip as usual. Length (cf) 19.0 mm.;
width 6.0 mm. New Mexico (Fort Wingate) spectabilis Lee.

Dark areas of the upper surface blacker in color, less solidly defined and
more comminuted at the edges, the basal dark area very much
shorter; prominences at the sides of prothorax large and acute,
perhaps very slightly more posterior in position; under surface with
close cinereous pubescence, speckled with black laterad. Pacific
coast fauna 10

IO — Body large and moderately stout, broadly convex, piceous-black,
the paler dense vestiture cinereous; antennae (cf) very long, rather
stout basally, three and three-fourths times as long as the body,
the last joint three-fifths as long as the body; joints three to five
cinereous, with black apices, the outer joints cinereous; dense
white fringe a little longer than half the thickness of the joints;
prothorax much more coarsely and less sparsely punctate than in
the preceding, more glabrous but with four fulvous spots in trans-
verse line anteriorly; elytra nearly similar in form but broader,
with similarly placed fasciae and scattered dark dots; punctures
moderate and sparse, becoming coarse and close basally but granose
only very near the base, the oblique impression, extending posteriorly
from near the middle of the base, less deep than in spectabilis; legs
longer and still stouter, the femora rather less abruptly though simi-
larly very strongly clavate; male with the last true dorsal angularly
emarginate, the notch occupying the entire apex, not as deep as
wide, with its sides straight, the supplementary dorsal broadly
bilobed at apex; fifth ventral more finely and feebly pubescent
medially; female shorter than the male, with more parallel elytra
and very much shorter and more slender antennae, less than twice
as long as the body, with the joints not lengthening apically, the
fifth dorsal broad, rapidly and subsinuously narrowing distally to
the rather acute, densely albido-fimbriate apex; otherwise nearly
similar to the male. Length (cf 9 ) 18.0-22.0 mm.; width 6.0-6.4
mm. Washington State to northern California. [Eiitrypanus
princeps Walk.] princeps Walker

Body much narrower and smaller in size, similar to the preceding in
color, ornamentation and sculpture, except that the punctures of
the pronotum and elytra throughout are a little smaller and sparser
and the oblique dark irregular fasciae of the elytra relatively nar-
rower; antennae (cf ) shorter, more slender, not three and one-half
times as long as the body, with joints three to seven cinereous with
black apices, the fringe very much shorter, less than half as long as
the thickness of the joints; spines of the prothorax shorter, less acute;

340 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

elytra nearly two and one-half times as long as wide, only just
visibly cuneiform; last true dorsal segment with an evenly rounded
emargination, wider than deep and not occupying the entire apex,
the supplementary segment much narrower than in princeps, bilobed,
the lobes more prominent and much more narrowly rounded; fifth
ventral uniformly clothed throughout; hind femora rather more
feebly and much more abruptly and more apically clavate. Length
(cT) 14.5 mm.; width 4.5 mm. California (Siskiyou Co.), — Koebele.

vinctus n. sp.

II — Form (cf) moderately broad, dark brown, the vestiture minute,
dense, luteo-cinereous; head relatively rather small, the antennae
three and three-fourths times as long as the body, slender, the basal
joint cylindric, gradually obliquely narrowed at base, the vestiture
luteo-cinereous, brown toward the articular apices, the fringe not
so compact or uniform as inspectabilis and allies but loosely composed
of longer and shorter hairs, denser and more uniform toward the
apices of the joints; prothorax scarcely more than one-half wider
than long, the slightly reflexed acute spur, projecting from the lateral
swellings, at basal two-fifths; surface with very sparse and moderate
punctures and a transverse entire ridge near the apex, interrupted
only at the middle, also with two narrow dark vittae, very broadly
interrupted medially; elytra twice as long as wide, parallel, rounding
behind to the rounded sutural angles, the pale brown vestiture
with four more or less incomplete series of dark dots, placed on
feebly elevated lines, also with a long vitta occupying the flanks
from base for two-fifths, then prolonged in a slender streak for some
distance and angulate upwardly near basal third, extending obliquely
on the disk for a short distance, a longitudinal basal streak at inner
third and a long cuneiform anteriorly incised and posteriorly divided
spot at inner third behind the middle, all of velvety black; under
surface rufous; femora strongly clavate; anterior tarsi moderate,
the second joint wider than long; last true dorsal segment broad,
bilobed, with a large rounded median sinus. Length (cf ) 19.5 mm.;
width 6.2 mm. Pennsylvania nodosus Fabr.

Form (d*) very much broader, darker and blackish in color, the vestiture
similar but more infuscate, the elytral maculation almost similar;
head larger; antennae nearly similar but a little less slender, with
the cylindric basal joint stouter and more abruptly obliquely nar-
rowed at base; prothorax shorter, very much more transverse, twice
as wide as long, the lateral plectra nearly similar, the punctures even
sparser, the central elongate callus also denuded, differing very
much in having four widely separated tubercles in transverse line
near the apex instead of a continuous medially interrupted ridge,
the fine black vittae similarly only visible near apex and base; elytra
much broader, distinctly less than twice as long as wide, the sides
rounding behind to a broad transverse and rectilinear truncature
at apex, defined externally by an obtuse but distinct angle; under
surface rufo-piceous; femora similar, the anterior tarsi larger, more
dilated but with the second joint as long as wide; last true dorsal
segment nearly similar, except that the sinus is broader and shal-

CERAMBYCID^; 341

lower. Length (cf) 20.8 mm.; width 7.7 mm. North Carolina
(Southern Pines), — Manee laticollis n. sp.

The female of most of the species seems to be taken much less
frequently than the male and I have not seen female examples
of either of the last two described above. Acanthocinus linearis
Skin. (Ent. News, 1905, p. 290) from southern Arizona, I have not
seen; its scheme of ornamentation seems to be radically different
and there may be some doubt as to the generic reference.

The two following genera are rather anomalous Acanthocinids,
and they cannot be placed in very satisfactory succession with any
of the preceding.

Dectes Lee.

This genus is allied in most of its structural characters with
Lepturges, but differs completely in general habitus, owing to its
long parallel subcylindric form of body, and it differs structurally
in its finely faceted eyes, thick tarsi with shorter first joint of the
posterior, numerous short erect setae of the elytra and shorter
antennae. In the nature and position of the thoracic spines and in
the very approximate globular coxae it is purely Lepturgid. It is
very widely distributed throughout North America, excepting
the Pacific coast regions, and includes numerous species, which
because of their uniform vestiture and general similarity of form,
have never been studied attentively. Some of the forms described
below are undoubtedly true species ; others may prove to be rather
subspecies, when the meaning of that expression shall have been
definitely determined. They are very uniform in appearance, being
cylindrical and densely clothed with short ashy hairs, with short
stiff setae arising from the elytral punctures, so that these features
will not be mentioned in the following short diagnoses:

Elytra sharply truncate at apex, the external angle distinct and some-
times slightly produced posteriorly 2

Elytra broadly rounded, sometimes feebly truncate but with the external
angle always rounded or indistinct 6

2 — Elytra more elongate, always more than twice as long as wide in both
sexes 3

Elytra shorter, not more than twice as long as wide 4

3 — Middle coxae almost contiguous (cf), narrowly separated (9);
body larger in size than in any other species, the elytral humeri
never black; antennae similar in the sexes, a fourth longer than the

342 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

body, the scape unusually bent at apex, with the external angle
acutely prominent ; last dorsal ( 9 ) gradually cuneiform, with the apex
more abruptly and broadly arcuate; fifth ventral (cf) as long as
the fourth, rather narrowly sinuato-truncate at apex, or ( 9 ) one-half
longer than the fourth, with the apex still more narrowly sinuato-
truncate. Length (cf 9 ) 8.0-10.0 mm.; width 2.2-2.8 mm. Penn-
sylvania (Harrisburg), — A. B. Champlain. Abundant.

spinosus Say

Middle coxae equally and narrowly though distinctly separated in both
sexes; body small and notably slender (cf), or larger and stouter
(9), the humeri always having a small black spot; elytral apices
truncate, with the external angle still more sharply marked than
in the preceding; last dorsal segment (9 ) evenly and rather acutely
parabolic in form; body much smaller, the sexual characters nearly
similar, except that the fifth ventral (cf ) is distinctly longer than
the fourth and more narrowly truncate at tip; antennal scape some-
what similar. Length (cf 9 ) 6.5-8.0 mm.; width 1.75-2.25 mm.
Colorado, Montana and New Mexico. Abundant. . . .alticola n. sp.

4 — Integuments piceo-rufous in color; body stout; prothorax unusually
large, with a very stout oblique spine; humeri brown; elytral apices
transversely truncate but with the external angle not prominent
though evident; last dorsal segment (9 ) not projecting behind the
elytra, small, parabolic; mesosternum triangular, the coxae nar-
rowly though distinctly separated. Length (9) 8.2 mm.; width
2.4 mm. Arizona (probably southern) thoracicus n. sp.

Integuments black; body stout, more abbreviated than in any other
species, the prothorax relatively less developed, with the usual
spines, the humeri black at base 5

5 — Elytral truncature subsinuate, the external angle notably prominent
posteriorly; middle coxae (cf) very narrowly, or ( 9 ) much more
widely, separated; fifth ventral (cf ) a little longer than the fourth,
rather narrowly truncate at apex; sides of the prothorax before the
spine only very feebly converging to the apex, sometimes subparallel.
Length (cf 9 ) 6.5-7.8 mm.; width 1.8-2.2 mm. Long Island
(Willets Point) and North Carolina (Southern Pines), — Manee.

brevis n. sp.

Elytral truncature sharply marked, the external angle distinct but only
faintly subprominent; middle coxae (cf ) narrowly though distinctly
separated, the fifth ventral segment not longer than the fourth and
more broadly truncate at tip; sides of the prothorax more strongly
converging and nearly straight before the spine, which is not so
abruptly spiculiform as in the preceding. Length (cf) 7-5 mm.;
width 2.2 mm. Texas (Brownsville), — Wickham. . .latitarsis n. sp.

6 — Middle coxae narrowly separated as usual 7

Middle coxae subcontiguous in both sexes, the mesosternal process
abbreviated between them 8

7 — Elytral apices subevenly and rather strongly rounded; integuments
black; prothorax parallel in both sexes, equally and moderately
punctate; elytral punctures distinct and well separated, the erect
setae very short; body small in size and unusually slender; middle

CERAMBYCID^E 343

coxae separated by a fifth to third of their width ; last dorsal ( 9 )
projecting, narrowly parabolic in outline; male with the fifth ven-
tral as long as the fourth, sharply and distinctly sinuate at tip.
Length (cf 9 ) 5.7-7.7 mm.; width 1.25-2.00 mm. Arizona (locality
unrecorded) brevisetosus n. sp.

Elytral apices narrowly and obliquely truncate but with the outer angle
very obtuse and blunt; body very small in size, the integuments
piceo-rufous; prothorax shorter, wider than long, subparallel, the
punctures becoming gradually sparse anteriorly; elytral punctures
strong, rather dense, closer than in the preceding, the setae similarly
short; last dorsal segment (9) scarcely at all projecting, obtusely
rounded. Length (9) 5-7 mm.; width 1.4 mm. Arizona (locality
unrecorded) discolor n. sp.

8 — Body small, rather slender in the male, the female stouter and ap-
parently much less abundant; integuments black, the humeri black
beneath; prothorax distinctly shorter than wide; elytra rounding at
apex and feebly subtruncate to the obtusely blunt sutural angles;
female with the last dorsal segment barely exposed, parabolic, the
apex narrowly rounded, the fifth ventral one-half longer than the
fourth, rounded at tip; male with the fifth ventral not longer than
the fourth, broadly sinuate at apex; elytral punctures very close-
set, the setae numerous and well developed. Length (cf 9 ) 6.7-7.6
mm.; width 1.8-2.0 mm. Mexico (Tepehuanes and Durango City,
State of Durango), — Wickham *aridus n. sp.

The species described by LeConte under the name texanus is
valid, I think without much question, if founded upon a normal
specimen, and is so regarded by Bates; the thoracic spines do not
diverge obliquely, as in the species above described, but are more
parallel with the lateral outline of the prothorax; possibly this may
be an individual deformity, but it is impossible to decide at present.
This genus is well represented in Mexico and is divided by Bates into
two sections, Dectes Lee., having the scape of the antennae not or
scarcely flattened beneath and the body densely clothed, and
Canidia Thorns., having, the body sparsely clothed to almost nude
and the scape broadly flattened or even grooved beneath.

Colobothea Bates.

In this genus, which is also rather anomalous in form among the
other Lepturgids, the sexual characters at the abdominal apex in
both male and female become very conspicuous and diversified to
such a degree, in forms that otherwise greatly resemble each other,
that they serve as the best means of recognizing the rather numerous
species. The two following species do not seem to have been in-
cluded in the material studied by Mr. Bates:

344 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

*Colobothea sexualis n. sp. — Rather stout, convex, dark red-brown in
color, the maculation luteo-cinereous; head with two narrow pale vittae;
antennae about two-thirds longer than the body in both sexes, piceous,
the joints slightly cinereous toward their bases; prothorax a fifth (cf )
to two-fifths ( 9 ) wider than long, feebly swollen at the sides subbasally,
convex, with two approximate subentire pale vittae transversely con-
nected at base and, outside of these, two fine streaks just above the
flanks and one at outer fourth near the apex; elytra cuneiform, convex,
finely, sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing a short stiff erect black
seta, the pale spots comminuted and in somewhat lineal arrangement in
about basal third, a large subquadrate and sometimes disintegrated discal
spot about the middle, and a few small spots near the apex; carina above
the flanks rather obtuse, subduplex. Male with the fifth ventral abruptly
upwardly declivous apically, the apex produced medially in a long slender
spiniform process, bending downward slightly apically, and, at each side of
the line of flexure, a long compressed thin process, projecting posteriorly
almost as far as the central process. Female with the last dorsal segment
flat, one-half longer than wide behind the elytra, the sides converging, then
parallel to the truncate apex, which has several long hairs and, at each
side, two long stiff spiniform setae, the side margins finely cariniform; the
fifth ventral is triangular, with narrow emarginate apex and somewhat
sinuate sides. Length (cf 9 ) 11.2 mm.; width 4.0-4.2 mm. Honduras.

Allied to ramosa, guatemalina and parcens of Bates, but differs in
the sexual characters as inferable from the descriptions.

*Colobothea pleuralis n. sp. — General facies as in the preceding, black,
densely clothed with minute blackish-brown vestiture and yellowish-
white spots; head with two pale vittae; antennae three-fourths longer than
the body, nearly as in the preceding; prothorax nearly a fourth wider
than long, swollen subbasally, more narrowed thence to the apex than
in sexualis, convex, having two entire pale approximate medial vittae,
which are transversely united throughout basal half, also a sublateral
narrow vitta, slightly interrupted medially and not attaining base or
apex; elytra finely, sparsely punctate and setulose as in sexualis, cunei-
form, the flanks flat, polished, defined above by a very acute prominent
carina, the disk with the pale maculation disposed almost exactly as in
sexualis but with the spots rather less numerous. Male with the fifth
ventral plate transverse, abruptly flexed upward medially, the upturned
part flat, triangular, concave medially, with its narrow setose apex
narrowly emarginate, the emargination filled by two minute short styli-
form processes, each bearing a long porrect brush of hairs at apex.
Length (cf) 10.7 mm.; width 3.8 mm. Panama (Darien).

The acute angle limiting the transverse truncature of the elytral
apices externally is much longer and more spiniform here than in
sexualis, and the form of the fifth ventral plate in the male is com-
pletely different, remarkably so for two species which resemble
each other so closely to superficial view.

CERAMBYCID/E 345

Mr. Bates does not appear to mention the short stiff erect setae
arising from the elytral punctures in this genus; they are very
obvious in both of the above species.

Tribe POGONOCHERINI.
Pogonocherus Latr.

The small species of this genus having truncate elytral apices
and allied to penicillatus and mixtns, are very different in appearance
from certain larger forms, such as negundo, with rounded apices,
and should probably constitute a distinct genus; but, as both are
distinct in habitus from the European species, with which crinitus
Lee., is congeneric, no separation should be made except in a general
study of the tribe. Excepting the Pacific coast, these allies of peni-
cillatus and mixtus are rather numerous in the colder parts of North
America, to which regions they are virtually limited, but have
never formed the subject of special study. The antennae differ
but little sexually and vary from a little longer, to evidently shorter,
than the body, the latter generally the case in the female; they are
testaceous throughout, the joints gradually black apically, almost
nude, but with a loose fringe of rather long, erect and sparsely placed
hairs beneath, the scape oval, short and stout, gradually much
narrowed toward base. The female has a sharply marked deep
transverse excavation at the apex of the fifth ventral, this segment
in the male being shorter, unmodified and sinuato-truncate medially
at tip; the thighs are moderately but rather abruptly clavate.
The species of this group, as represented in my cabinet and including
parvulus, simplex, alaskanus and arizonicus, the characters of which
are drawn from published descriptions, are as follows:

Elytra each with three discal carinae, the outer two very sharp, the inner
more obtuse and bearing tufts of agglomerated erect black hairs,
of which one is subbasal 2

Elytra without acute and sharply marked carinae, though occasionally
strongly and obtusely ridged 3

2 — Prothorax longitudinally plicato-rugose and closely punctate; body
stout, piceous, the scattered erect black hairs unusually long; head
narrower than the prothorax, which is about a fourth wider than
long, evidently wider at apex than at base, the lateral prominences
sharply dentiform but not spiculate; surface rather closely pubescent,
pale along the apex and base, with two strong polished tubercles
and a third, very small and feeble, on the median line behind the

346 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

middle; elytra short, much wider than the prothorax, three-fourths
longer than wide, parallel, rounding behind to the truncatures, the
outer angle distinct but not at all prominent; surface very coarsely
punctate, closely and confusedly toward the suture, more sparsely and
sublinearly elsewhere, piceous, with an oblique dense cinereous
fascia on each from just behind the humeri nearly to the suture
at basal third, also variegated with fusco-cinereous and blackish in
about apical third; inner ridge with asubbasal cluster of black hairs
and also three behind the middle. Length (9 ) 5-7 mm.; width 2.0
mm. Maine penicillatus Lee.

Prothorax confusedly and rather coarsely rugose in sculpture; body a
little larger, notably more elongate, nearly black, the vestiture
almost as in penicillatus, the prothorax even a little more transverse,
subsimilar in the sexes, the lateral prominences similar, the tubercles
very much flatter and more diffuse and not so shining, being coarsely
punctured, the subdepressed median region wholly rugose, excepting
a small elongate-oval and feebly convex polished callus which is
abruptly denned on the median line near basal third; elytra as in the
preceding but more elongate, with the punctures equally close-set
but much less coarse, the outer angle at the apices rather more
prominent and sharply-marked, the truncatures more sinuate, the
antero-lateral fascia narrower though similar in position, the pos-
terior maculation nearly similar, the inner ridge similarly fasciculate,
except that there are always four or five fasciculate tufts behind the
middle. Length (cf 9 ) 54-6.2 mm.; width 1.75-2.0 mm. Colorado.

carinatus n. sp.

3 — Elytra colored and fasciate nearly as in mixtus and similarly without
ridges, but with a longitudinal series of three fasciculate tufts of
short erect black hair on each, posterior to the fascia; elytral apices
truncate, the external angle acute and prominent, the sutural angle
obtusely rounded; decumbent hairs of the under surface very dense
at the apices of the abdominal segments. Length 13 mm.(?).
Arizona (Huachuca Mts.) arizonicus Schf.

Elytra with an almost even convex surface, except in fastigiatus and
alaskamis, and strong punctures, confused suturally, sublineate
laterally and without trace of fasciculate tufts at any point, except
in alaskanus 4

4 — Outer angle at the elytral apices always sharply marked, sometimes
notably prominent posteriorly 5

Outer angle very obtuse and more or less feebly defined, sometimes ob-
solete 8

5 — Size very small, piceous, sparsely pubescent; prothorax (cf) finely
rugose or (9 ) smooth, with the discal tubercles slightly prominent;
elytra testaceous, with nebulous fuscous maculation at the middle,
more densely cinereo-pubescent anteriorly, having three subelevated
discal lines, the intervals irregularly biseriately punctate; antennae
testaceous, fusco-annulate. Length 3.8 mm. From near the
headwaters of the Mississippi River parvulus Lee.

Size generally much less minute, with a more sharply marked anterior
fascia of pale pubescence 6

CERAMBYCKXE 347

6 — Prothorax very short, fully one-half wider than long. Body unusually
small in size and rather stout; head with the median stria strongly
marked; prothorax black, pale at base and apex, confusedly,
minutely and densely vermiculato-rugulose, without a polished
median spot, the tubercles large, rather prominent, with their
summits broadly smooth, the lateral prominences bearing a minute
spicule; elytra much wider than the prothorax, short, barely three-
fifths longer than wide, parallel, the apices rather deeply sinuate,
the outer angle posteriorly spiculiform; erect black hairs few in
number and very short; surface unusually finely, moderately closely
punctate, confusedly toward the suture, sublinearly toward the
sides between the feebly tumescent lines, coarsely on the flanks, the
fine and very dense cinereous-white vestiture forming a very large
even anterior chevron, attaining the middle of the length, where it
joins the confusedly maculate remainder of the surface, the spots
fulvous, cinereous and black; at the middle laterally there is a
large and unusually sharply defined black area. Length ( 9 )
4.3 mm.; width 1.6 mm. Massachusetts (Framingham), — C. A.
Frost. Bred from Salix salicola n. sp.

Prothorax about as long as wide, or never more than slightly abbrevi-
ated 7

7 — Elytral apices narrowly and deeply sinuate, the sutural tooth larger
than the lateral, which is sharply marked but not prolonged. Body
elongate, more depressed than usual, deep black; antennae (cf)
evidently longer than the body; prothorax slightly wider than long,
a little narrower at base than at apex, deep and subopaque black,
paler only along the apical and basal beads, finely, densely sculptured,
without smooth median area, the tubercles large and strong, their
summits smooth and shining, the lateral prominences strong, acutely
spiniform at their summits; elytra only a little wider than the
prothorax across the spines, parallel, nearly twice as long as wide,
rather closely pubescent, the vestiture black on the dark areas,
yellowish-white on the paler areas, the punctures moderate in size,
well separated, closer suturally and especially dense in the uniform
black basal area, seriate externally between the feebly tumid lines,
the flanks with unusually few punctures and only near the lower part;
pale dense vestiture forming a very dense and unusually large, ex-
ceptionally well defined area, in the form of a wide entire chevron,
the two posterior subsutural lobes of which nearly attain the middle
of the length, the anterior concave part more broken; posterior
pale and black confused maculation confined to but little more than
apical fourth; femora unusually strongly clavate. Length (cf)
6.5 mm.; width 2.0 mm. Colorado emarginatus n. sp.

Elytral apices truncate, with sharply marked or more or less posteriorly
prominent outer angle. Body smaller, piceous-black to black and
more convex; pale elytral maculation occupying most of the surface,
the vacant black latero-medial area somewhat variable in extent, the
erect black hairs numerous and well developed; prothorax slightly
shorter than wide, the base barely perceptibly narrower than the
apex in either sex, the lateral prominences very acute, sometimes with

348 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

a minute spicule; surface with the plications medially rather coarse
and shining, rarely having a smooth polished feeble callus, the
tubercles large but not much elevated, shining at summit, a little
stronger in the male; elytra four-fifths longer than wide, very coarsely
and notably closely, to less coarsely and more sparsely, punctate,
always more serially toward the sides, the raised lines very feeble
or obsolete; ante-median yellowish-cinereous chevron moderately
wide, disintegrating somewhat near the suture, the posterior region
of confused tawny and black maculation having very little cinereous
intermingled. Length (cf 9 ) 4.6-5.7 mm.; width 1.4-2.0 mm.
New Jersey and New York (Lake Champlain), westward to Indiana,
Wisconsin (Bayfield) and Colorado mixtus Hald.

8 — Form oblong-elongate, only feebly convex, more shining than usual;
head well developed, the black basal joint of the antennae unusually
bright red at base; prothorax as long as wide, much larger and with
base and apex subequal ( 9 ), the base much narrower than the apex
(cf), the lateral prominences very strong and spiniform, the tubercles
strong, with rather narrow polished summit, the intermediate de-
pression dull, finely, densely plicato-rugulose; elytra twice as long
as wide (9 ), distinctly shorter (d71), much wider than the prothorax
and with rather prominently rounded humeri, the dense yellowish
fascia broad, very oblique, narrowing much at the suture and only
just visibly before the middle of the length, somewhat as in emargi-
natus, having a short internal ramus at basal fourth or fifth, which
tends to cross the suture as in that species, the posterior yellow
maculation confined to about apical fourth; punctures deep, rather
coarse posteriorly, less coarse and much closer basally, forming
approximate but not very regular geminate series externally in the
concave intervals; each elytron with three progressively elevated
lines, the inner feeble, the outer very strong, acute along the summit
and cariniform; apices feebly sinuato-truncate, the sutural angle
prominent posteriorly and obtusely dentiform, the outer angle
extremely obtuse and barely evident though not rounded. Length
(a71 9 ) 5.9-7.5 mm.; width 1.9-2.4 mm. Montana, .fastigiatus n. sp.

Form nearly as in the preceding, black, the prothorax and elytra clothed
with black-brown pubescence, intermixed, especially at the sides
and apex of the elytra, with gray, each elytron having laterally,
before the middle, a large white spot; thoracic tubercles distinct;
elytra coarsely, irregularly punctate, only the two lateral intervals
elevated, the surface between the inner and the suture having a series
of four condensed tufts of black hairs, the apices truncate. Length
6 mm. Alaska alaskanus Schf.

Form and size apparently somewhat as in fastigiatus, nigro-piceous, with
variegated white pubescence and sparsely nigro-pilose; elytra toward
the suture confusedly, externally seriately, punctate, with a larger
oblique white area before the middle; apex rounded, not at all
truncate, the suture rather prominent, the external ridges scarcely
to be traced. Length 6 mm. Kansas simplex Lee.

The species described above under the name fastigiatus, I should

CERAMBYCID^E 349

have been disposed to identify as simplex Lee., were it not that the
author distinctly states that the discal ridges of the elytra "are
scarcely to be traced " ; in fastigiatus the prominence of these ridges,
especially the external of the three, which is very high and sub-
acutely cariniform in both sexes, completely prohibits any close
association with simplex, although it evidently belongs to the same
group, having the external angle at the elytral apices very obtuse;
in fastigiatus this angle is evident at the outer end of the truncature;
in simplex it may have become so very feeble as to escape the atten-
tion of the describer. Alaskanus, though apparently similar to
fastigiatus, has a series of fasciculate tufts, not traceable in that
species. The original penicillatus was obtained by LeConte on
Pic Island, near the northern shore of Lake Superior, and I am not
perfectly sure that the representative from Maine, described above
under that name, is really conspecific; similar examples, however,
serve that role in all present day collections. Some specimens
of mixtus, from New Jersey and Pennsylvania, have obviously
coarser, denser and more confused punctures, more wide-spread
pale maculation on the elytra and less prominent external apical
angles, than others, but I find the darker, more apically angulate
and more linearly and less densely punctate forms are not confined
to any particular locality. The size of arizonicus, as given by
Schaeffer, is probably a misprint.

Tribe DESMIPHORINI.

Desmiphora Serv.

This is a moderately large genus in the warmer parts of North
and South America. The species have remarkably lineate and tufted
vestiture, giving them a very peculiar appearance. The following
species is possibly not the same as that identified by LeConte as
mexicanus Thorns., at any rate it is not that species, being very
much smaller in size among other differences. More recently Mr.
Schaeffer (Bull. Bk. Inst., I, p. 328) names in his Brownsville list
what is evidently the same species as the one here described,
hirticollis Oliv., but makes no further remark concerning it. As
hirticollis is a Brazilian species, the probabilities of its being iden-
tical are remote:

350 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Desmiphora intricata n. sp. — Subcylindric, piceous-black, very densely
clothed with brown prostrate hairs, sprinkled with a few cinereous in
color; head flat between the antennae, the latter (9 ) four-fifths as long
as the body, compact, very densely, coarsely pubescent and with long
flying hairs in addition, the pubescence brown, sprinkled with cinereous,
the latter color alone at the bases of the joints; scape only twice as long
as wide; prothorax as long as wide; base and apex equal, the latter the
more arcuate, the lateral spines strong, rather abruptly formed at the
middle; surface convex, coarsely, rather sparsely punctate, with two
nearly straight parallel-sided oblique white vittae from the base at the
sides, nearly to the apex more medially, where each is sinuate within; also
with an elongate flat polished glabrous central spot and an eye-like
blackish-pubescent spot, margined with white, at each side anteriorly;
also, at the middle of the apex, a large tuft of long erect white hairs,
extending and diminishing posteriorly, ending at the central glabrous
spot; elytra a little wider than the prothorax, twice as long as wide,
rounded at the apices, having a discal carina at inner third, just outside
of which and at apical fourth, there is an elongate rough glabrous tumor
surrounded by long erect fulvous hairs and joined with the suture and
external margin by a very fine line of short white hairs, which bears a
small fascicle of long white hairs near the suture and another at outer
third, where there is a strong arcuation of the line; also with two small
discal fascicles of stoutbrown hairs near the base; region near the scutellum
flattened, coarsely punctate, subglabrous and bounded behind by fine
oblique lines meeting on the suture before basal third, where each bears
a small fascicle of long white hairs; under surface with an eye-like white-
margined spot at each side of each abdominal segment; legs densely
pubescent and with long hairs; fifth ventral (9) elongate, strongly
rounded at tip; last dorsal appearing behind the elytra, rounded,
densely nigro-pubescent, with a central spot of white. Length ( 9 )
10.0 mm.; width 3.5 mm. Texas (Brownsville).

It is difficult to convey any useful idea of this beetle without a
good deal of verbiage; the above description will probably enable
one to compare it with other described Mexican species.

Tribe ONCIDERINI.
Lochmseocles Bates.

It seems to the writer that the difference in habitus between this
subgenus, erected by Bates to receive certain large and heavily
built species, in which the male antennal tubercles are produced
in slender spiniform processes, and the smaller, much more slender
species, without cephalic modification in the male, constituting
Oncideres proper, are sufficient to give Lochmaocles full generic
value. In addition to these differential features, it should be stated

CERAMBYCID^E 351

that the legs are longer and the tarsi relatively shorter than in
Ondderes. Mr. Schseffer has lately (Can. Ent., 1906, p. 18) identi-
fied certain examples of this genus, taken by Prof. Snow in southern
Arizona, as tessellatus Thorns., but, with a male of that species
from Honduras before me, I am able to state that this identifica-
tion is not exactly correct, although it is an allied species. The
true tessellatus is much smaller:

Lochmaeocles marmoratus n. sp. — Body stout, deep black, with pale
cinereous-white vestiture, uniform and concealing the surface on the
head and prothorax, though often in great part fulvous at the sides; on
the elytra it is disposed in dense and uniformly distributed small spots,
which are irregularly pale fulvous, except about their peripheries, not
concealing the punctures or tubercles but forming in the interspaces
smaller white spots, sometimes united in slightly vermiculiform lines,
and with a large unevenly condensed oblique white area at the side of
each medially; anterior parts impunctate where denuded, the prothorax
fully twice as wide as long, transversely truncate at apex, feebly bisinuate
at base, with a strong angular lateral prominence at basal third; surface
coarsely, transversely plicate; elytra three-fourths longer than wide,
feebly cuneiform (d"), broader and almost parallel (9 ), together broadly
rounded at apex; punctures fine and sparse, becoming rather abruptly
coarser in about basal two-fifths and, in about basal fourth, coarser still,
closer and strongly lucido-granose, these granules abruptly wanting
however on the basal slope, the humeri obliquely truncate, with a promi-
nent tubercle at the posterior limit of the truncature; legs thick, the
femora moderately clavate, uniformly densely cinereo-pubescent, some-
times partially fulvescent, the under surface also very densely and uni-
formly cinereo-pubescent, excepting the met-episterna and one or two
small sternal spots of pale fulvous. Length (cf 9 ) 24.0-28.0 mm.;
width 9.0-10.8 mm. Arizona (San Bernardino Ranch, Cochise Co.), —
F. H. Snow. Four examples.

This species differs from tessellatus in having the flat frontal
surface rather sparsely pubescent, with a fine fulvous line at each
side along the eyes, in having longer antennae, almost three-fourths
longer than the body in the male, becoming gradually blacker
basally through feebleness of the pubescence, the scape stouter and
nearly glabrous, in having the spiculiform porrect processes of the
antennal tubercles nearly parallel, in having the elytral punctures
very much sparser, the ferruginous spots paler and more margined
with white and the lateral white area not limited behind by a slightly
darker region. In tessellatus the front is very densely clothed, the
tubercular processes short and strongly oblique inwardly, the
antennae densely clothed to the base and the elytra with a feeble

352

MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

darker cloud adjoining and intensifying the hind margin of the
large lateral white spot; otherwise there is a rather close resem-
blance, except that tessellatus is decidedly smaller, about 20 mm.
in length.

Oncideres Serv.

The described and undescribed species of this genus, which are
represented in my cabinet, and apparently including all the known
forms, excepting pustulatus Lee., which is exceedingly rare in
collections, may be identified very readily by the following char-
acters :

Pronotum with three shining tubercles in transverse line medially.
Body rather narrow, elongate, cylindric, black, strongly shining
where denuded, clothed with short cinereous vestiture which, on
the elytra, forms feeble maculations but condensed in a transverse
fascia occupying much less than a third the total length, from near
basal third to slightly behind the middle, and numerous small spots
of ferruginous color, only feebly subserial in arrangement; antennae
(cf ) one-half longer than the body; prothorax narrowed at base,
with a rather strong spiniform tooth laterally at basal third, some-
what strongly but sparsely punctate, the vestiture not dense, coarse;
elytra parallel, together rounded at tip, strongly, not very closely
punctate, the punctures becoming closer, coarser and evidently
though not strongly graniferous basally; antennae slender, pale,
becoming black basally, the scape with sparse decumbent ashy hairs
and with the usual fringe of longer hairs beneath. Length 12.5-14.0
mm. ; width 3.8-4.8 mm. Texas (El Paso) and Arizona (Cochise Co.) .

trinodatus n. sp.

Pronotum without three denuded tubercles 2

2 — Prothorax with a moderate but acute denticle at each side near basal
third, much narrower at base than at apex; elytral punctures at
base not or scarcely at all graniferous; species of the southwestern
faunal regions 3

Prothorax not or moderately narrowed at base and never with more
than a slight vestige of lateral spines or prominences; species of the
Atlantic faunal region 5

3 — Body very slender, cylindric, the entire elytra densely clothed with
cinereous pubescence, becoming abruptly bright ferruginous in
clusters separated by sparser umber-brown hairs in basal sixth
laterally and thence arcuately oblique to the scutellum, and with
a rounded brown lateral spot at three-fifths, the small spots of denser
pubescence white, except a few posteriorly, which are ferruginous.
Length (cf 9 ) 1 1.5-13.0 mm.; width 3.4-4.2 mm. Arizona (Cochise
Co.) quercus Skin.

Body stouter, the denser cinereous pubescence of the elytra confined to a
broad fascia, the small spots pale yellowish and not becoming paler
in the cinereous band 4

CERAMBYCID^E 353

4 — Punctures toward the elytral base notably coarse and close-set;
impression of the fifth ventral of the female very feeble and not
closely approaching the base; body larger, stouter; head somewhat
swollen; antennae (9) with the third joint much longer than the
fourth; prothorax very densely cinereo-pubescent; elytral cinereous
band forming a dense zone from basal sixth to three-fifths, where it
is abruptly limited except near the suture. Length (cT 9 ) 14.0-
15.0 mm.; width 4.4-5.0 mm. Texas and Colorado., .texanus Horn
Punctures toward the elytral base small and sparse, but little larger or
stronger than posteriorly; impression of the fifth segment (9)
deeper, sharply angulate anteriorly and virtually attaining the base
of the segment; body black, much smaller, not so stout; antennae (9 )
very slender, black, but slightly longer than the body, the third
joint only very little longer than the fourth; prothorax one-half wider
than long, with a rounded swollen glabrous central spot, not visible
in texanus, and outside of which over the disk there are some sparse
and moderate punctures, the pubescence not dense; elytra two and
two-fifths times as long as wide, parallel, together rounded at tip,
with small but deep and rather sparse punctures, the cinereous band
as in texanus but much more nubilous, the hairs not dense enough
to obscure the punctures; abdomen rufescent about the entire pe-
riphery except at base; legs extremely short, the hind tarsi nearly
one-half longer than the tibiae, being even relatively longer than in
texanus. Length (9) 10.8 mm.; width 3.2 mm. Texas (Browns-
ville) subtropicus n. sp.

5 — Depression of the fifth ventral segment ( 9 ) deep and sharply marked,
broadly obtuse anteriorly and occupying only about apical half of
the segment; color piceous, clothed not very densely with cinereous
pubescence forming a broad fascia on the elytra from about basal
fourth to three-fifths and not at all sharply marked anteriorly, also
having throughout the surface small sparse spots of ferruginous;
antennae pale, the scape blackish basally; prothorax (9) fully
three-fourths wider than long, only a little narrower at base than
apex, sparsely and strongly punctured, with a very small flat central
glabrous spot, the pubescence only moderately dense, coarse, varie-
gated slightly with pale fulvous; elytra with strong and impressed,
moderately close-set punctures, whichat basebecomestrongly, densely
tuberculiferous, especially toward the humeri. Length (9) 14.0-

15.5 mm.; width 4.5-5.0 mm. Pennsylvania cingulatus Say

A — Nearly as in the preceding but very pale in color, smaller in size
and with the prothorax as wide at base as at apex and only about
a fourth wider than long; elytral punctures less coarse and, toward
base, coarsely and closely rugose only at and behind the humeri,
immediately within which area they are simple, though coarse and
sparse nearly to the base thence to the suture, feebly graniferous.
Length (cf1) n.8 mm.; width 3.7 mm. New York.

pallescens n. subsp.

Depression of the fifth ventral (9) acutely angulate anteriorly and
about attaining the base of the segment; body rather shorter and
T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

354 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

more obese than in cingulatus, the coloration similar; prothorax
much narrower at base than at apex, short, two-thirds ( 9 ) to three-
fifths (c?) wider than long, less narrowed basally in the latter sex,
less strongly punctured and more densely pubescent than in the
preceding; elytra less strongly punctured than in cingulatus, the
punctures basally coarser and closer but not at all graniferous
except near the humeri, which are subinflated in the male, the
vestiture and small ferruginous spots nearly similar, except that the
cinereous hairs of the band continue to the base, the band not being
at all defined anteriorly and much more feebly so posteriorly than in
cingulatus. Length (cf 9 ) 15.2-15.5 mm.; width 4.7-5.0 mm.
North Carolina (Southern Pines), — Manee praecidens n. sp.

As in many other parts of the Cerambycidae, such for instance as
Pogonocherus, Pilema and others, the female has more radical and
diversified sexual abdominal characters than the male and is more
useful in taxonomy. Trinodatus of the above table is identified
in our lists as putator Thorns., but it is not that species, as shown
by its much smaller size and by the color of the elytral spots, which
are whitish in putator; the latter species belongs exclusively to the
tropical fauna of southern Mexico and Central America.* Texanus
Horn is a species so distinct from cingulatus, that it is rather sur-
prising any suggestion of identity should have been made; sub-
tropicus is probably the Brownsville form, placed by Mr. Schaeffer
in his list as texanus Horn ; it is however amply distinct in vestiture,
sculpture, sexual characters and size.

It is remarkable that no reference seems to have been made to
the very abbreviated legs in Oncideres, the extremely short hind tibiae
being very much more abbreviated than the tarsi.

Tribe HIPPOPSINI.
Spalacopsis Newm.

This is one of the most singular of the Lamiid types in its ex-
tremely slender body, with the elytra generally longer than the
abdomen and in the long retracted front, with very prominent
porrect vertex bearing the antennae and small entire rounded eyes;
it is the most highly specialized of the tribe. The species are evi-
dently numerous in southern Florida and in Cuba; those in my
cabinet — to which I have added suturalis by quotation from the
original description — being definable as follows:

* Bates — Biol. Cent.-Amer. Col., V, p. 367.

CERAMBYCID/E 355

Elytra with straight parallel sides; antennae longer, with numerous long
flying hairs beneath. (Subgen. Euthuorus Duval) 2

Elytra inflated posteriorly; antennae not so long and with sparser flying
hairs beneath. (Spalacopsis in sp.) 3

2 — Linear, parallel, more feebly convex above, piceo-rufous, covered
extremely densely with a crust of cinereous pubescence concealing
all sculpture, except on certain parts of the elytra; antennae in both
sexes slightly longer than the body, very little longer in the male than
in the female, the scape extending to the base of the prothorax and
clothed with rather long brownish pubescence, which is so loose
above as to fully expose the integument, prothorax one-half longer
than wide, with a very broad medial and fine lateral indistinct vitta
of white, the lateral along the summit of a feeble ridge; having also,
at the centre of the disk, a deep foveiform puncture; elytra a fifth
wider than the prothorax, parallel, oblique near the apices — very
feebly (cf ), more strongly (9 ), the apices obliquely arcuately trun-
cate from the external angles anteriorly to the suture and much
broader in the male; surface with one sutural and two discal cos-
tules, the intervals between which have the vestiture alternately
densely white and subdenuded, showing the sculpture, which is
in geminate series of rather strong and very close-set punctures;
outside the costules the convex surface descends more rapidly and
is rather densely pale brunneo-pubescent, partially concealing the
rows of punctures; apices concave. Length (cf 9) 10.0-10.5 mm.;
width 1.2-1.3 mm. Florida (Biscayne Bay), — Schwarz.

costulata n. sp.

Linear but larger and stouter, similar to the preceding, except that the
vestiture is paler cinereous and more uniformly dense, the scape
longer and very densely clothed throughout, everywhere concealing
the integument, the prothorax less cylindrical, more narrowed at
apex and not quite one-half longer than wide, the central puncture
similar but with the vittae subobsolete, the disk transversely between
the upper of the lateral ridges perfectly flat, not feebly concave
along the middle as it is in costulata; elytra similar but flatter above
and with the ridges finer and almost obsolete, the alternating densely
pubescent and subglabrous areas — the latter relatively much shorter
—less distinct, the apices nearly similar; apical abdominal segments
(cf ) diminishing much more rapidly than in the preceding, the fifth
smaller, much less transverse and not extending so nearly to the
elytral apices, the two black discal points on each segment less
evident than in costulata. Length (cf ) 12.8 mm.; width 1.65 mm.
Florida (Palm Beach) scapalis n. sp.

3 — Form extremely slender; pubescence cinereous, the elytra variegated;
head behind the antennae shorter than the prothorax, with sparse non-
lineate vestiture; prothorax shorter in proportion to the width than
in the other species, piceous, with sparse non-lineate vestiture;
scutellum minute, white, triangular; elytra nearly as in suffusa,
the suture obscure white, the adjacent two rows of punctures brown
from denudation, the third row with short white lines; there are also

356 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

many scattering spots brown from denudation; apices conjointly
emarginate. Length 5 mm. Florida (Punta Gorda).

suturalis Ham.

Form more or less slender, but with the head behind the antennae always
as long as the prothorax and generally longer 4

4 — Elytra not evidently variegated, the close-set rows of punctures
uniform and very distinct throughout; head and prothorax very
densely cinereo-pubescent and obsoletely trilineate with paler tint,
the antennae (cf ) slender, not as long as the body, with numerous
very long flying hairs beneath, the scape two-fifths longer than the
head and clothed not very densely with extremely short coarse
hairs; prothorax equal in width to the head and slightly shorter,
evenly cylindric, two-fifths longer than wide; elytra at base as wide
as the prothorax, behind the middle nearly one-half wider, very
evenly convex, without trace of ridges except laterally toward base,
the punctures strong, very close in the even series, the pubescence
of the intervals not very dense, very short, fusco-cinereous and but
vaguely variegated by slight interruptions; abdomen with the short
hairs unusually sparse, not concealing the rather strong sparse
punctures; male with the fifth ventral short and transverse, broadly
sinuato-truncate, the sides of the elytra posteriorly evenly arcuate
to the acute apices, which are separated by a very small angular
emargination. Length (cf) 6.0 mm.; width 0.75 mm. Florida
(Lake Ashby), — Schwarz suffusa Newm.

Elytra variegated, with less distinct series of punctures and denser
vestiture 5

5 — Antennae with numerous very long flying hairs beneath; vertex before
the eyes nearly as long as wide, with feebly converging sides; body
moderately slender, evenly convex, obscure testaceous, the anterior
parts clothed with a very dense cinereous crust; antennal scape
extending to the middle of the prothorax, which is cylindric, two-
fifths longer than wide, with a short central groove, the flanks with
a whiter vitta and an impression near the apical and basal margins;
scutellum white, equilatero-triangular; elytra at two-thirds from the
base fully two-fifths wider than at the latter, the sides rounding
broadly to the external apical angles, which are rather acute, the
apices thence anteriorly and subrectilinearly oblique to the suture;
surface with uneven geminate series of rather coarse and close-set
punctures, which are partially visible through the dense pale brown
vestiture, which is in great part sparse near the suture and, at about
inner third, in the form of a whiter and irregularly much interrupted
vitta; apices feebly concave. Length (cf ) 9-6 mm.; width 1.25 mm.
Texas texana Csy.

Antennae with but few and much shorter flying hairs, the vertex before
the eyes parallel and fully as long as wide 6

6 — Form moderately slender, convex and piceo-rufous, the moderately
thick crust of pale brown vestiture on the anterior parts when re-
moved revealing deep punctures, close-set on the head and less
coarse and sparser on the prothorax; antennae thicker than usual,
subglabrous, not quite as long as the body (cf), the scape densely

CERAMBYCHXE 357

brunneo-pubescent and extending nearly to basal third of the pro-
thorax, the latter two-fifths longer than wide, with the sides oblique
before the middle, the apex four-fifths as wide as the base; surface
evenly convex, feebly so medially, the flanks even and with two white
lines, the lower having a minute tubercle near the base; scutellum
white, equilatero-triangular; elytra only feebly inflated behind, at
two-thirds from the base barely a fourth wider, the sides thence very
gradually arcuato-convergent to the rather narrow apex, which is
angularly emarginate, the lobes obtusely rounded, with the dorsal
impression very elongate; surface evenly convex, with very irregular
clustered brownish vestiture, at many points showing the irregular
geminate series of moderate punctures and with a white double vitta
near inner third, much and very irregularly interrupted almost as
in texana, forming two parallel successions of short white lines;
abdomen coming very far from attaining the elytral tips, with the
fifth segment in the example at hand small, scarcely more than half as
long as the fourth and broadly sinuate at tip. Length (cf) 9.6 mm. ;

width 1.2 mm. Florida (east coast) stolata Newm.

Form very much more slender but evidently less slender than suturalis, the
size much smaller than in stolata; vestiture nearly similar, the ceph-
alic punctures where visible much smaller and sparser than in stolata
as above identified; vertex before the eyes somewhat longer than
wide; antennae much more slender, not quite as long as the body,
the scape nearly similar; prothorax narrower, only very feebly
narrowed at apex, two-fifths longer than wide and with a broad
shallow median sulcus not attaining base or apex, the flanks with a
white line, below which the vestiture is much confused; scutellum
white, smaller and narrower, slightly elongate; elytra more inflated
posteriorly, at two-thirds from the base fully two-fifths wider, the
sides thence very evenly and gradually arcuate and converging to
the very small, broadly rounded tips, which are separated by a very
minute angular emargination, the dorsal impression longer than wide
but small in size; surface with confused brownish and white, moder-
ately dense vestiture, sparser near the suture, where the close series
of strong punctures are in great part exposed, the white and denser
vestiture more abundant and longitudinal basally and laterally but,
behind the middle near inner third, forming short and widely sepa-
rated lines; fifth ventral in the type small, half as long as the fourth,
transverse, sinuate medially at tip, the latter more narrowed than
in the above assumed representative of stolata. Length 6.7 mm.;
width 0.7 mm. Florida (Palm Beach) pertenuis n. sp.

The identification of sex in Spalacopsis proper is much less certain
than in the subgenus Euthuorus, and I am not sure that the above
determinations are always correct. My representative of stolata
was taken possibly near Palm Beach and I have endeavored to
prove that pertenuis is the male of it, but without success, as they
are so remarkably different in the type of modification at the elytral

358 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

apices, in the stoutness of the antennae and relative form and size
of the body, in directions not suggested by the above noted male
and female of costulata. This latter species is possibly the one
identified as the Cuban filum by Hamilton, but having Chevrolat's
description of that species at hand, I am unable to find many points
of similarity; the elytral apices, for example, are said to be produced
and obliquely truncate ; they are rather prominent but not produced
in costulata and scapalis, and the inner edge is thence very oblique
and rounded anteriorly to the suture.* Both costulata and scapalis
are allied much more closely to grandis Chev., but neither seems to
be identical.

Tribe PHYTCECIINI.

Saperda Fabr.

A very good account of pur species, especially with reference to
injuries to vegetation, was given by Mr. E. P. Felt (Bull. Univ.
State of New York, June 1904) and all the species are there figured.
There remains but little to do therefore in this genus, except to
define a few forms, bearing deceptive resemblances to others,
that were overlooked in Mr. Felt's revision. This particularly
concerns the tridentata group, where my series may be resolved into
two species, tridentata Oliv. and imitans Joutel and the following
subspecies:

* I have recently had an opportunity to compare the male of costulata directly with
the same sex of the Cuban filum, as represented by a good series in the National
Museum, collected by Mr. Schwarz. Chevrolat describes the thoracic punctures of
filum, and it was difficult to understand how this could be done if covered by so dense
a crust of vestiture as in costulata. The comparison explains this very well, as the
vestiture in filum does not form quite so dense a crust, and the punctures are there-
fore visible to some extent. Filum differs from costulata in its more slender form,
shorter and very much more slender antennae, with shorter, more slender and even
less pubescent scape, less costulate elytra and transversely truncate and not sinuate
apex of the fifth male ventral; the elytral apices are of nearly the same form, but the
dorsal concavity of the tips, so conspicuous in costulata, is almost obsolete in filum;
in fact the two are abundantly distinct species. There are large specimens included
in the museum series, which appear to be grandis Chev., but I have not identified
them carefully; scapalis is also allied to grandis but is not the same, according to the
description.

In the museum collection the type series of four examples of suturalis Ham., show
that it is different from any species at present in my collection, these differences being
expressed satisfactorily in the table.

CERAMBYCID.E 359

Saperda tridentata ssp. trifasciata nov. — Similar to tridentata but rather
more elongate, similarly ornamented with orange lines, the distance
between the middle oblique fascia and the anterior usually much greater
than that between the former and the posterior fascia; minute cinereous
vestiture coarser and denser, frequently concealing the punctures; legs
testaceous almost throughout, the tarsi black, the cinereous vestiture not
so dense as in tridentata; antennae fusco-testaceous. Length (cf 9 ) 8.8-
14.0 mm.; width 2.4 -4.3 mm. Indiana. Fourteen examples.

The testaceous legs and partially rufescent under surface will
readily distinguish this subspecies from tridentata, where the legs,
under surface and antennae are deep black, the abdomen rufescent
laterally. In addition, the three elytral fasciae in tridentata are
subequally spaced longitudinally. The antennal scape is longer and
paler than in tridentata and is less abruptly narrowed at base. The
name dubiosa Hald., applies to certain small semi-denuded males
of tridentata, as shown by the black antennas; this latter character
will distinguish it at once from the subspecies trifasciata.

The following is allied to concolor Lee. :

Saperda mecasoides n. sp. — Form, coloration and vestiture nearly as in
concolor, but rather more slender and with shorter prothorax, on which
the lateral whiter vitta is scarcely traceable; the antennae ( 9 ) are shorter,
not quite three-fourths as long as the body, the outer joints much shorter
than in concolor ( 9 ), the tenth scarcely three times as long as wide; erect
hairs at the sides of the prothorax very short, scarcely evident. Length
(9 ) 10.0 mm.; width 2.8 mm. New York (near the city).

Differs from concolor principally in the shorter antennae and
virtual absence of long erect bristling hairs at the sides of the pro-
thorax, these being replaced by shorter hairs; the hairs along the
under surface of the antennas are extremely few in number. It is
probable that the food habits of these two forms are different.

Saperda vestita Say, is subject to a certain amount of local varia-
tion. The Canadian representatives, for example, are usually shorter
and relatively broader than those occurring from New York to
Texas, and Prof. Wickham obtained a form on the southern shores
of Lake Superior, which is relatively more slender and with more
fuscous cinereous vestiture. From Illinois, I have a single male
having the entire antennae testaceous. These differences are recog-
nizable in series but are too slight for record in nomenclature.

Lateralis Fabr. is usually very uniform in ornamentation, but in
one example of my series there is an isolated oblique medial dash
of orange on each elytron.

360 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

Mecas Lee.

The species of this genus are somewhat intermediate in appearance
between Saperda and Oberea and are moderately numerous. The
species described by Say under the name Saperda inornata, from the
Missouri River regions, cannot be identified, the annulate antennae
and subacute elytral apices preventing any legitimate identification
with saturnina Lee., where the antennas are not annulate and the
elytral tips broadly and evenly rounded, just as in per grata. Senes-
cens Bates, may be identical with the Mexican Saperda cinerea of
Newman; of this I have no means of judging, but that it is the same
as inornata Say is altogether improbable. Hamilton states, on
other authority, that the Saperda cana of Newman, described from
Florida, is the same as saturnina, but I am disposed to doubt this
determination very strongly and therefore do not adopt it. It is
rather to be supposed that cana does not extend from the warm
moist climate of Florida to the semi-arid regions of Kansas; this
would be highly improbable on general reasoning alone. The
species represented in my cabinet, which include all but cana — if
this be really a Mecas — and femoralis Hald., may be distinguished
as follows:*

Tarsal claws not cleft, but with a small oblique acute tooth just beyond

the middle • 2

Tarsal claws deeply cleft 4

2 — Body black, clothed densely above, beneath, on the legs and on the
under surface of the subbasal antennal joints with short and uni-
formly cinereous-gray hairs, the erect hairs numerousand also grayish-
white; front evenly convex, the lower lobe of the eyes very broadly
rounded beneath; antennae ( 9 ) not quite as long as the body, black,
clothed sparsely, except as stated, with very short and not at all
dense fuscous hairs, the joints without trace of annulation, the fringe
sparse; prothorax slightly transverse, widest and with the sides
feebly swollen at basal two-fifths, thence a little more narrowed to
the apex, which is not quite as wide as the base; surface evenly
convex, rather sparsely, moderately and subevenly punctate, with-
out trace of callous or glabrous spots; scutellum clothed like the
elytra, the latter nearly two and one-half times as long as wide,
parallel, only slightly wider than the prothorax, the apices very
broadly and obtusely angulate; surface even, the punctures rather
small and sparse; fifth ventral (9 ) a third longer than the fourth,
broadly sinuato-truncate, the discal stria fine, entire; last dorsal

* I have very recently received an example of femoralis, collected by Mr. Manee
at Southern Pines, North Carolina; it is smaller than any other species and very dis-
tinct by reason of the less dense and very even vestiture and red femora.

CERAMBYCID^: 361

feebly tumid and very obtusely angulate, densely cinereo-pubescent.
Length (9 ) 8.5-9.2 mm.; width 2.4-2.6 mm. Texas (Harris Co.,—
R. Oertel, and Austin, — Csy.) cineracea n. sp.

Body above less densely clothed with finer, shorter, more fusco-cinereous
pubescence, the sutural margins densely pale cinereous or yellow. .3

3 — Prothorax even in convexity and surface, with small sparse punctures
and trivittate with dense yellowish pubescence, having no trace of
callous spots; antennae slender, blackish, very evenly and inconspicu-
ously clothed throughout with small fuscous hairs, the fringe coarse,
moderate in length and sparseness; elytra coarsely and rather closely
punctate, the punctures only a little smaller near the apices, which
are evenly and broadly rounded; epipleura densely yellow-cinereous.
Length (9) 7.2-8.3 mm.; width 1.7-2.0 mm. Texas and New
Mexico marginalia Lee.

Prothorax more evidently transverse, not vittate but with five small
shining callous spots; antennae much thicker, the joints annulate
with cinereous in nearly their basal halves above, entirely cinereous
beneath; elytra sparsely, rather strongly punctate, much more finely
toward the apices, which are evenly rounded, black, with fine yel-
lowish-cinereous internal and external margins, the surface medially
pallescent in the female, except laterally and basally. Length
(a71 9 ) 9.2-11.0 mm.; width 2.5-3.0 mm. Kansas and New Mexico.

pergrata Say

4 — Body black, stouter, densely clothed throughout with uniform cinere-
ous pubescence, the pronotum with two very small callous glabrous
spots; elytra broadly and evenly rounded at the apices 5

Body narrower, unequally clothed, black, the head and prothorax in
great part testaceous; elytral apices sharply angulate, being obliquely
sinuato-truncate thence to the suture 6

5 — Form subcylindric, very densely clothed with luteo-cinereous ves-
titure, the erect hairs rather short, numerous but cinereous; head fully
as wide as any part of the prothorax, convex; antennae (9 ) a little
shorter than the body, not annulate, clothed throughout beneath
with pale ashy, and in great part above with dark brown, hairs,
the fringe distinct; prothorax subcylindric, with but very feebly
arcuate sides, almost as long as wide; elytra distinctly wider than the
prothorax, parallel, abruptly and broadly rounding behind, the
punctures nearly concealed but moderate in size and sparse; fifth
ventral (9) feebly impressed and deflexed apically, the medial
stria fine and not distinct much beyond the middle, the pygidium
feebly, evenly and broadly convex, densely cinereous, the apex very
feebly and broadly angulate. Length (9) 13.5-14.0 mm.; width
3.6-3.8 mm. Kansas saturnina Lee.

Form shorter, similarly densely clothed but with paler yellowish pubes-
cence, almost concealing the small sparse punctures, the erect hairs
extremely short, scarcely discoverable on the elytra and cinereous;
head not as wide as the middle of the prothorax, the antennae dis-
tinctly shorter than the body, shorter than in the preceding species,
clothed throughout beneath with cinereous pubescence and above
by a mixture of cinereous and brown, the latter predominating toward

362 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

the apices of the joints but without producing a distinct annulation
as it does in pergrata; prothorax short, rather more than one-half
wider than long, the sides swollen and subprominent just behind the
middle, the two glabrous spots very clearly limited and distinctly
tumid; elytra parallel, wider than the prothorax, each very broadly,
evenly and semicircularly rounded at apex, the finer sutural and
marginal striae distinct; abdomen densely cinereo-pubescent, the
fifth segment in the type a third longer than the fourth, deeply
impressed in more than apical half, the impression transversely
elliptic; pygidium feebly, evenly convex, broadly arcuate at apex.
Length n.o mm.; width 3.2 mm. Kansas brevicollis n. sp.

6 — Body very elongate, narrow, only feebly convex above, black, the
head and entire prothorax pale testaceous; erect hairs short, pale,
a little longer toward base of the elytra; head not swollen, strongly,
the front closely, punctate; antennae (cf ) not quite as long as the
body, piceous, clothed with fine dark brown pubescence, largely
cinereous beneath; prothorax opaque, convex, slightly transverse,
with feebly and subevenly arcuate sides, the surface with very fine,
not dense cinereous pubescence, parted by three broad, more deeply
fulvous and glabrous entire vittae, the erect hairs rather long, pale;
elytra slightly wider than the prothorax, three and one-half times
as long as wide, coarsely, rather closely punctate, only a little less
finely apically, the punctures not at all concealed by the very short
fine luteo-cinereous appressed hairs, the exterior discal elevated line
moderately distinct; abdomen very minutely, sparsely punctulate,
minutely, not densely cinereo-pubescent and (c?) with the sides of
the last three segments broadly, densely sericeo-pubescent and
paler, yellowish, the fifth segment with a large and very deep oval
excavation; pygidium evenly rounded at apex. Length (d71) 12.0
mm. ; width 2.8 mm. Texas ruficollis Horn

Body similar but not quite so elongate, deep black, the head and pro-
thorax partly pale, the pubescence nearly as in ruficollis, the erect
hairs everywhere shorter, the antennae similar, three-fourths as long
as the body ( 9 ) ; head only very feebly swollen, the punctures coarse,
finer on the front, all well separated, the color testaceous, the sides
behind the eyes broadly, and a feeble median vitta, black; prothorax
opaque, a fourth wider than long, the sides broadly and feebly
swollen just behind the middle, the punctures coarse and close-set
laterally, sparser medially and subobsolete in the pale areas; color
testaceous, with a medial and broader juxta-coxal vitta black, and,
on the sides, a large black anterior and another basal, spot of black,
the latter dilated inwardly obliquely along the base and obsolete at
the middle, the pale vittae with a very small elongate area of fine
minute ashy pubescence, elsewhere nearly glabrous; elytra almost
as in the preceding but less coarsely and, toward tip, much more
finely punctate; abdomen (9) minutely, sparsely punctulate, very
minutely, inconspicuously fusco-puberulent and with numerous
palish coarse erect hairs throughout, the fifth segment two-thirds
longer than the fourth, feebly sinuato-truncate but not reflexed at
tip, the stria deep, extending nearly to the tip, the pygidium sharply

CERAMBYCID^E 363

tumido-angulate at apex. Length (9) 12.2 mm.; width 2.8 mm.
Mexico (Durango City), — YVickham *vitticollis n. sp.

Ruficollis is of a common Mexican type and a number of allied
species have been described by Bates and others, such as laticeps
and mexicana of Bates and rotundicollis of Thomson, but I fail to
find any description very well fitting mtticollis as above defined.
Horn did not mention the dense f ulvo-sericeous vestiture toward the
sides of the last three ventral segments of the male in ruficollis,
but it is described by Bates in the Mexican species. Vitticollis
may be among the forms confused with ruficollis by Horn, but I
have not seen his material; it is, at any rate, widely different from
that species in the punctuation of the head, in the coloration and
sculpture of the prothorax, in the shorter and less numerous erect
hairs of the pronotum, less coarse elytral punctures and evident
inner, as well as still much stronger outer, of the raised discal lines
of the elytra; these divergencies are mostly of an asexual nature.

Amillarus Thorns.

This neotropical genus is introduced merely to announce a pe-
culiar form, which I have had undetermined in my collection for
many years, having very slender antennae and long elytral spines;
it may be described as follows:

*Amillarus tenuicornis n. sp. — Form very slender, moderately convex,
black throughout, the entire legs and all the antennae excepting the scape
dull but pale testaceous, the scape deep black; pubescence above not
dense and consisting of extremely minute appressed cinereo-fuscous
hairs, condensed in three feeble vittae on the prothorax, longer and denser
beneath, albo-subvittate at the sides of the metasternum and along the
posterior part of the met-episterna; erect hairs everywhere wanting;
head as wide as the prothorax, with very convex eyes, which are unequally
bilobed, finely faceted and widely separated; antennae long and very
slender, filiform, fully three-fourths longer than the body, subglabrous,
sparsely fringed beneath, the scape slender, extending to the base of the
prothorax, the third joint very long, half as long as the elytra and nearly a
third longer than the scape, three to eight diminishing gradually in
length; prothorax slightly transverse, bitruncate, slightly narrower at
base than at apex, the sides feebly swollen and subprominent at the middle;
surface subevenly cylindric, alutaceous, strongly but not very coarsely,
loosely punctate; scutellum semicircular and having dense pale pubescence
contrasting much with the blackish general surface of the elytra, the latter
much wider than the prothorax, with rather angulate humeri, subparallel,
the sides gradually converging and arcuate posteriorly to the very acute

364 MEMOIRS ox THE COLEOPTERA

spiniform angle, the apices thence anteriorly sinuate to the suture;
punctures not very coarse or close, distinctly sublinear in arrangement;
legs very slender, long, the femora not clavate, the basal joint of the hind
tarsi longer than the next two combined; abdomen with sutures two to
four deeper than the first. Length n.o mm.; width 2.5 mm. Isthmus
of Panama (Darien).

From apicalis Thorns., this species differs very much in its uniform
black color, more slender form, longer apical spines of the elytra and
still more elongate and more slender antennae.

Essostrutha fimbriolata Bates, is represented in my collection by
four examples from Guerrero, collected by Baron; the sexual
differences in coloration are very remarkable, the male being entirely
yellow above, excepting the four rounded pronotal spots; in the
female the size of the body is not quite so large, the pronotal spots
subunited longitudinally and extending to base and apex, and the
elytra are deep black in basal fourth and apical third. Another
male example, from Ecuador, is smaller and shorter, ochreous-
yellow, except the four pronotal spots, which however are not discal,
as in the male of fimbriolata, but attain the apical and basal
margins; it represents a distinct species.

Oberea Muls.

This holsubarctic genus contains a very large number of forms,
which, because of some color variability, have caused a good deal
of difference of opinion among systematists; but after studying
my material attentively, the conclusion is forced upon me that the
views of Dr. Horn are very conservative, while those of Dr. Hamilton
can be characterized by no other term than irrational. In the
following arrangement of the American species color is not made the
basis of named taxonomic forms, unless accompanied by structural
characters which can be recognizably described, including outline,
sculpture, pubescence, special modifications of the elytral tips or
in some sexual peculiarity. Six of the hitherto described forms—
oculaticollis Say, affinis Harris, tibialis, flavipes and myops of Halde-
man and texana Horn — are apparently missing in my material, which
is moderately extensive ; it may be arranged as follows :

Pronotum pale in color, with four black callous spots — disregarding the

median line, which is frequently elevated medially 2

Pronotum pale to black, with two black callous spots 5

Pronotum without more obscurely colored callous spots 16

CERAMBYCID^E 365

2 — Elytra deep black throughout, excepting a pale marginal area below
the humeri, evenly and very moderately though closely punctate
throughout, the raised lines very feeble, pruinose, with moderate
cinereous hairs, the erect hairs extremely short; apices of the elytra
rounded to very feebly obliquely subtruncate; sterna of the hind body
and the greater part of the abdomen black; pygidium (9) very
convex, tumid and angularly pointed. Length (cf 9 ) 12.0-15.0 mm.;
width 2.4-3.1 mm. California quadricallosa Lee.

Elytra never black 3

3 — Elytra with the inner of the two discal lines obsolete, the outer more
than usually accentuated and, basally, including a broad scutellar
region which is much more sparsely punctured than the remainder
of the surface. Body rather broader than usual, parallel, only
moderately convex, fuscous above, the under surface in great part
black, the legs pale, except the black tarsi and tibial apices; head
black, pale near the eyes, between the upper lobes and at base
except medially; antennae short, piceous-black basally, three-fourths
as long as the body (cf); prothorax subcylindric, not quite as long
as wide, the median line strongly tumid centrally; elytra pale at
the sides basally, the pale area prolonged posteriorly in a narrow
line along the margin almost to the apex and along the discal ridge
nearly to the middle, also along the basal margin including the
scutellum, the humeral callus black; punctures coarse and deep,
small apically, the apices rounded; pubescence ashy but short and
sparse; surface between the punctures dull in lustre, micro-rugulose;
male with the last true dorsal segment as wide as long, only moder-
ately convex and with the parallel subbasal ridges widely distant,
obtuse and feeble. Length (c/1) 13.6 mm.; width 3.0 mm. Penn-
sylvania. [Louisiana Lee.] schaumi Lee.

Elytra with the inner of the two discal lines feeble but evident, the outer
less prominent than in schaumi, the punctures basally toward the
scutellum not sparser than elsewhere 4

4 — Form more slender than in schaumi, uniform pale brown throughout
above, the head nearly as in schaumi, the elytra each with a small
black discal spot at apex; under surface and legs nearly similar;
antennae even shorter, similar in coloration; prothorax nearly
similar but with the sides slightly swollen medially and the pubes-
cence coarser and denser; elytra very coarsely punctate (cf ), or
moderately but more closely (9 ), the humeral callus with a minute
black spot; pubescence abundant, giving a strongly pruinose effect,
the apices strongly rounded to feebly subtruncate; last dorsal segment
(cf ) more narrowed and more rounded at apex than in schaumi and
with the subbasal prominences obsolescent; concavity of the fifth
ventral shallower and more pubescent; pygidium (9) less convex
than in quadricallosa and with the apex not acutely angulate but
obtusely lobiform. Length (cT 9 ) 10.5-13.0 mm.; width 2.2-2.8
mm. Missouri (near St. Louis) pruinosa n. sp.

Form still more slender and elongate, pale ochreo-ferruginous throughout,
the head without black maculation, the black thoracic spots small,
the elytra with the humeral callus alone black, the under surface

366 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

very pale like the upper, with a black area near the sides of the meta-
sternum and on the met-episterna; tarsi and tibial tips blackish;
pubescence minute, not dense, giving a very feeble pruinose effect;
antennae longer and more slender than in the two preceding, being
nearly as long as the body (cf); prothorax as long as wide, cylindric,
with a feeble swelling at the middle of the sides, the callous spots not
large but all strong, the median line tumid, except near base and
almost apical half, the punctures coarse and rather close-set; elytra
with the punctures very coarse, close-set, serial, becoming confused
and smaller apically as usual, the apices truncate, with broadly
rounded external and minutely dentiform sutural angles; last dorsal
segment (cf ) longer than wide, feebly trapezoidal, with broadly
rounded apex, rather convex and with the subbasal ridges strong;
cavity of the fifth ventral deep but pubescent like the rest of the
surface. Length (cf ) 10.8-11.0 mm.; width 2.2-2.3 mm. Kansas.

ferruginea n. sp.

5 — Elytra and entire upper surface uniformly pale ochreo-testaceous
throughout, the head a little darker testaceous; under surface, legs,
tarsi and antennae very pale, the sterna and subbasal parts of the
abdomen sometimes infumate, the scape also a little darker in shade.
Body very slender (cf), a little shorter (9), the antennae slender,
distinctly shorter than the body in both sexes; prothorax transverse,
a fourth to third wider than long, the sides feebly and medially
arcuate; surface with moderate punctures, only feebly shining, the
median line not tumid as it is in the preceding group, the two callous
spots strong but only darker testaceous in color (cf ) or black (9 ),
the middle of the base with a small point similarly varying in color;
elytra long and slender, sinuato-truncate and bidenticulate at apex,
having series of rather coarse separated punctures, not smaller but
confused apically, the cinereous vestiture short, sparse and not very
evident; pygidium (9 ) strongly tumid and convex discally toward
apex, the ridges of the last dorsal (cf) strong and subacute, the fifth
ventral with a moderate subtriangular impression, which is evident
also in the female though much smaller and feebler. Length (cf 9 )
9.0-11.0 mm.; width 1.65-1.9 mm. Maine (Monmouth and Wales),

C. A. Frost pallida n. sp.

Elytra pale, with dark marginal and sutural vittae 6

Elytra deep black throughout, less uniformly so only in exilis 7

6 — Form slender, rather elongate, parallel, flattened above, pale flavo-
testaceous, the head normally pale, sometimes with feeble and
limited blackish marking, the prothorax with three black spots, one
at the middle of the base; scutellum and a lateral and sutural vitta —
the latter not attaining the scutellum — on each elytron blackish,
the margin pale near the humeri; legs and coxae pale throughout in
both sexes; under surface black, the abdomen (cf1) with the last
two segments abruptly pale, except a large discal area of the fifth,
also nubilously pale at base, or ( 9 ) wholly black, except at the sides
of the fourth and often the third segment; pubescence ashy but not
dense above, the erect hairs short and pale, closer but not very dense
beneath; antennae slender, about as long as the body, pale, the first

CERAMBYCID^E 367

three joints black, the others abruptly black at apex; prothorax
cylindric, as long as wide (cf) or slightly transverse (9); elytra
barely three times as long as the head and prothorax together, with
series of coarse punctures, confused and a little smaller apically, the
apices rectilinearly and somewhat obliquely truncate, the inner,
but only seldom the outer, angle, minutely denticulate; pygidium
( 9 ) broadly convex and swollen discally but only very obtusely
prominent behind. Length (cf 9) 9.5-11.8 mm.; width 1.8-2.3 mm.
New York to District of Columbia, [c? mandarina Fabr., 9

amabilis Hald.j tripunctata Swed.

A — Outline, coloration, sculpture and vestiture nearly similar, the
body not quite so elongate and the punctures very slightly less
coarse, the black spot of the fifth ventral (cT) virtually wanting,
the fourth and fifth ( 9 ) pale at the sides and apex, the pale color
extending to abdominal base at the sides; head pale throughout;
antennae differing conspicuously, not deep black basally and
generally scarcely darker, with the other joints infuscate; gradually
pale toward their bases; pygidium (9) more pointed behind.
Length (cf 9 ) 10.0-11.5 mm.; width 2.0-2.2 mm. Indiana, Illi-
nois and Mississippi (Vicksburg) intermedia n. subsp.

B — Outline nearly as in intermedia: coloration, sculpture and vestiture
almost identical, except that the head is deep black, the black
area sharply and abruptly limited on the occiput by a broadly
and posteriorly angulate line, the angle attaining the prothorax,
the black discal spots of the latter unusually small; antennae (9 )
not quite as long as the body, slender, filiform, extremely pale
in color, the first two joints alone darker and blackish, the re-
maining joints abruptly black at their apices as in tripunctata.
Length (9) 10.7 mm.; width 2.1 mm. North Carolina (Ashe-

ville) appalachiana n. subsp.

Form, sculpture and vestiture nearly as in tripunctata but much more
elongate, the coloration differing decidedly; head deep black, the
black limited on the occiput by a straight (cf) or posteriorly angulate
(9 ), sharply marked line; prothorax nearly as in tripunctata, except
that the basal spot is not rounded or transversely oval but in the
form of a short narrow vitta; elytra (cf ) four times as long as the
head and prothorax combined, infuscate throughout except basally,
the sutural bead and the sides, except the lower edge basally, blacker,
the scutellum differing greatly in being very pale like the surrounding
surface, and not black as it is in tripunctata and related forms; legs
pale; under surface (d71) wholly pale, excepting a rounded spot just
outside the anterior coxae, all the metasternum and side-pieces
excepting a large transverse anterior median area, narrow sublateral
spots on the second and third and the entire fifth segment except
at base, which are deep black, the black areas sharply defined, or
( 9 ) entirely pale, except that the black of the male is more extended,
forming two subapical spots on the first segment, occupying all the
second and third except at the sides and the fifth except at the sides
and base; pygidium (9) but feebly protuberant medially; antennae
(a71) five-sixths, or ( 9 ) much shorter and less than four-fifths, as

368 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

long as the body, blackish, feebly and just visibly pallescent distally,
where each joint has only its extreme tip a little more blackish.
Length (cf 9 ) 12.0-13.0 mm.; width 2.0 mm. New York (Bluff
Point, Lake Champlain) praelonga n. sp.

7 — Under surface, legs and antennae throughout deep black except in
the male of exilis, the elytral tips obliquely sinuato-truncate and
distinctly bidenticulate as a rule 8

Under surface and legs, except the tarsi and tibial apices, pale rufo-
ferruginous, the elytral apices rounded, the sutural angle alone
minutely denticulate 15

8 — Elytra (cf1) pale at base at each side of the scutellum, the pale tint
sometimes extending posteriorly along the median part of each in a
faintly pallescent nubilous vitta. Body very small and slender, black,
the antennae deep black, the pale prothorax narrow, cylindric, with
feebly arcuate sides, sometimes even a little longer than wide, the
black spots large, the entire base broadly black; elytra with rows of
coarse punctures but little confused apically, flattened above, feebly
inflated posteriorly, the fine cinereous hairs very inconspicuous, the
erect hairs short, blackish; lower margin toward base pale; entire
under surface, except the prosternum before the coxae, deep black,
feebly cinereo-pubescent, the abdomen distinctly but rather sparsely
punctate laterally; legs short, entirely blackish-piceous in two
examples, the anterior wholly pale, the second and third pairs
blackish, with the femora at base and apex and the tibiae basally
pale, in the third example. Female much larger and stouter than
the male, with the punctures everywhere more crowded, the colora-
tion more intense black above and beneath, the legs deep black and
the prosternum wholly pale anteriorly. Length (cf 9 ) 8.3-10.8 mm.;
width 1.4-2.0 mm. Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, Highspire and Heck-
ton Mills), — W. S. Fisher exilis n. sp.

Elytra deep black throughout, never pale at base 9

9 — Pronotum as in exilis, with a parallel-sided transverse black fascia
at base, often abruptly interrupted at the sides; antennae feebly-
thickened distally when compared with the basal part of the third
joint 10

Pronotum with a longitudinally shorter basal fascia, frequently not
attaining the sides and with its anterior margin not transverse but
very broadly angulate; antennae strictly filiform 12

Pronotum with a rounded basal black spot adjoining the scutellum;
antennae filiform 13

10 — Head deep black. Body small and shining, strongly, clearly, deeply
and moderately closely punctate; antennae evidently shorter than
the body; prothorax nearly as long as wide, coarsely, rather closely
punctate; elytra distinctly inflated posteriorly and with the oblique
apical truncature unusually and rather deeply sinuate, having series
of close-set deep coarse quadrate punctures, the ashy hairs sparse
and inconspicuous, the erect hairs numerous, blackish; strong punc-
tures of the abdomen wholly lateral and beginning rather abruptly;
legs piceous to black. Length (cf) 8.3 mm.; width 1.5 mm.
District of Columbia. delicatula n. sp.

CERAMBYCID/E 369

Head pale to fuscous 1 1

II — Body smaller and notably slender; head not closely punctate, the
punctures smaller and feebler than in the preceding; antennae
notably thickened distally; prothorax a little longer (cf ) to shorter
( 9 ) than wide, more sparsely and less coarsely punctate than in the
preceding; elytra only very feebly inflated apically, with rows of
coarse subquadrate punctures, the outer of the discal raised lines
rather strong, the fusco-cinereous hairs moderately distinct, the
erect hairs very evident; legs blackish or piceous; carinae of the last
dorsal segment (cf) rather approximate, strong; pygidium (9)
moderately convex, much narrower and more pubescent than in the
preceding. Length (cf 9 ) 8.5-9.8 mm.; width 1.4-1.7 mm. North
Carolina (Southern Pines), — Manee perspicillata Hald.

Body broader and with the cinereous vestiture much more distinct;
head strongly, rather closely punctate and with cinereous hairs;
antennae (cf) nearly as long as the body, slightly shorter (9);
prothorax more nearly similar in the sexes, as long as wide (cf) to a
little shorter (9 ), the sides feebly arcuate, the punctures strong, not
dense; elytra four times as long as wide to a little less, distinctly in-
flated apically, the punctures serial, confused apically, close-set,
coarse and subquadrate, the apical truncatures narrow, sinuate,
strongly bidenticulate; legs black to piceous; last dorsal (cf ) with
the subbasal carinae widely separated and feeble, the pygidium (9 )
moderately swollen, feebly angular posteriorly. Length (cf 9 )
9.2-9.8 mm.; width 1.7-1.9 mm. Utah (Nephi) and Idaho (Poca-
tello), — Wickham montana n. sp.

12 — Form extremely slender, subcylindric, moderately shining; head
black, dilated, strongly, rather closely punctate, with a feeble longi-
tudinal impression on the vertex, which is impunctate; antennae
(cf ) much shorter than the body, slender, filiform, clothed with fusco-
cinereous pubescence, the long hairs and fringe well developed;
prothoiax slender, longer than wide, evenly cylindric, much narrower
than the head, moderately punctate, opaque, the erect pale hairs
numerous, the basal spot triangular, half as wide as the base; elytra
slender, feebly inflated apically, convex throughout the width, the
raised lines subobsolete, the serial punctures coarse as usual, much
confused at apex, the truncatures almost transverse, rectilinear and
scarcely at all bidenticulate; abdomen very slender, cylindric, the
punctures strong laterally, becoming rather coarse toward base;
legs short, stout, black. Length (cf) 9.5 mm.; width 1.6 mm.
Pennsylvania (Harrisburg), — W. S. Fisher filum n. sp.

Form very slender, linear, rather shining, the pubescence sparse, fusco-
cinereous and scarcely visible; head shining, convex, fuscous, the
punctures deep and distinct but not very coarse or close; antennae
very slender, almost as long as the body (9); prothorax slightly
shorter than wide, a little narrower at base than at apex, the punc-
tures rather coarse but widely separated; elytra feebly swollen api-
cally, the serial punctures coarse, subquadrate, much confused
apically, the truncatures oblique, sinuate and strongly bidenticulate;

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Oct. 1913.

370 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

abdomen shining, the minute sculpture feeble and not dense, the
punctures strong only very near the sides; pygidium (9) simply
and moderately convex; legs piceous. Length (9 ) 9.2 mm.; width
1.45 mm. North Carolina (Asheville). [Georgia — LeConte].

basalis Lee.

Form shorter and much less slender, the cinereous hairs more numerous,
paler and very evident; head fuscous to paler, rather finely and
sparsely 'punctate; antennae truly filiform, slightly (cf ) to much (9 )
shorter than the body, notably ashy-pubescent distally; prothorax
cylindric, with distinctly arcuate sides, a little shorter than wide
(cf ) to nearly a third wider than long (9 ), the punctures indistinct,
not coarse; elytra feebly swollen apically, more strongly (9), the
surface flattened medially, with even rows of coarse subquadrate
punctures, confused apically (cf ), or with all the punctures inside
the feeble outer raised lines more or less confused ( 9 ) ; apices obliquely
and rectilinearly truncate, the outer angle not dentiform; legs
piceous; abdominal punctures gradually stronger toward the sides.
Length (cf 9 ) 7.8-9.2 mm.; width 1.3-1.85 mm. Iowa (Keokuk)
and Illinois (northern) iowensis n. sp.

13 — Head pale like the prothorax or but little darker, the front sparsely
and not very coarsely punctate; pygidium (9) strongly convex.
Body larger in size than usual in this group; antennae filiform but not
very slender, very nearly as long as the body (cf ), black, fusco-
pubescent; prothorax nearly as long as wide to a little shorter, the
sides subprominent just behind the middle, subopaque, not very
distinctly but coarsely punctate; elytra but feebly dilated apically,
more distinctly and abruptly so (9), the apical truncatures but
slightly oblique and not distinctly denticulate, the punctures coarse,
subquadrate, confused apically and smaller and confused near the
suture, especially in the female, the ashy hairs fuscous and indistinct,
the erect hairs very short; abdomen with the stronger lateral punc-
tures smaller than in the preceding species; carinas of the last dorsal
(cf) strong and very acute; legs black to piceous. Length (cf 9 )
11.2-14.8 mm.; width 2.2-2.9 mm. North Carolina (Southern
Pines), — Manee insignis n. sp.

Head black; front strongly and closely punctate; pygidium ( 9 ) much less
convex 14

14 — Form slender; head black; antennae distinctly shorter than the body
in both sexes, slender, filiform, black; prothorax cylindric, nearly as
long as wide, rather sparsely but strongly punctate; elytra nearly
as in the preceding, the punctures irregular only very near the suture,
broadly so apically, the truncatures oblique, sinuate, strongly bi-
denticulate; legs short, black; punctures toward the sides of the
abdomen fine. Length (cf 9 ) 11.0-12.0 mm.; width 1.8-2.1 mm.
Pennsylvania, [tripunctata Fabr. nee Swed.] bimaculata Oliv.

Form still more slender, the ashy pubescence very distinct, the lustre
subopaque; front strongly, very densely punctate and puberulent;
antennae slender, filiform, much shorter than the body, black but
becoming fusco-testaceous distally and somewhat ashy-pubescent,
with the joints gradually slightly paler toward their bases; prothorax

CERAMBYCID^E 371

rather longer than wide (cf1), with feebly arcuate sides, strongly,
closely punctate: elytra very elongate, feebly swollen and only very
near the apex, flattened inside the unusually prominent external
discal lines, the punctures only moderately coarse, subquadrate,
close-set in series, much confused posteriorly and becoming notably
smaller apically, the truncatures very oblique and deeply sinuate,
the outer tooth unusually acute and prolonged; legs slender, black;
punctures toward the sides of the abdomen close-set and unusually
strong, becoming very coarse basally; last dorsal segment (cf)
with the carinae distant and unusually feebly elevated but with finely
acute summits. Length (cf) 10.3 mm.: width 1.6 mm. North

Carolina (Southern Pines), — Manee dolosa n. sp.

15 — Body stouter than usual, the elytra flattened above, pale ferruginous
in color and sexually similar, the elytra, excepting the epipleura—
faintly pale at base. — the entire antennae, the tarsi and tibial apices,
deep black; pubescence ashy, distinct on the elytra, giving a pru-
inose effect; head evenly convex, strongly, rather closely punctate;
antennae much shorter than the body in both sexes; prothorax swollen
at the sides behind the middle, nearly as long as wide (cf ) or dis-
tinctly transverse (9 ), coarsely and closely punctate, without black
maculation except on the two callous spots; scutellum pale, truncate;
elytra slightly wider than the prothorax, feebly swollen posteriorly,
having series of very coarse and moderately close-set subquadrate
punctures, evidently confused and less coarse apically; pygidium ( 9 )
only very moderately and subevenly convex; last dorsal (cf ) with
the carinae moderate, somewhat converging basally; legs short but,
as usual, with the hind tarsi shorter than the tibiae. Length (cf 9 )

13.5-14.0 mm.; width 2.8-3.0 mm. Texas ocellata Hald.

A— Similar to the preceding in coloration, sculpture and vestiture,
except that the head and pronotum both have a large discal area
black, that on the latter involving both callous spots but not
attaining the flanks or base, the punctures decidedly less coarse
and not so close-set; hind body not so elongate, the elytral punc-
tures not quite so coarse and more elongate in form. Length
(cf 9 ) 9.8-13.5 mm.; width 1.8-2.8 mm. North Carolina

(Southern Pines), — Manee plagiata n. subsp.

16 — Form somewhat as in ocellata but still larger and stouter and with
the cinereous vestiture of the elytra denser, giving a strongly pruinose
effect; coloration throughout as in ocellata, excepting that the elytral
flanks and epipleura basally are more distinctly pale and the entire
tibiae, as well as the femoral apices, black; head coarsely, densely
punctate; antennae filiform, long, about as long as the body (cf1) to
but little shorter ( 9 ) ; prothorax slightly transverse in both sexes,
the sides subprominently swollen behind the middle, the punctures
coarse, subconfluent, wanting in flattened tumid vacant spaces repre-
senting four callous spots; scutellum pale, transverse, truncate,
densely pubescent; elytra flat above, unusually expanding toward
base and dilated apically, the apices obliquely truncate but not
bidenticulate; punctures impressed, relatively much less coarse and
more widely separated than usual, rather fine and confused apically;

372

MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

pygidium (9) strongly convex but not protuberant posteriorly;
carinee of the last dorsal (cf ) long, strong and parallel; abdomen
much more finely punctured than in ocellata. Length (cf 9 ) 14.0-
17.0 mm.; width 3.1-3.7 mm. Pennsylvania (Franklin Co.),
West Virginia and North Carolina (Southern Pines), [phimbea

Oliv.] ruficollis Fabr .

Form shorter and relatively still broader, the disk of the elytra broadly
flat or slightly concave, the color very different, pale ochreo-fer-
ruginous throughout, the elytra each with a black vitta at the
summit of the flank, the tarsi and the tibiae except basally, black,
the antennae piceous-black basally; pubescence short, sparse and
very inconspicuous; head and prothorax with strong close punctures,
the latter not as long as wide (cf ) to distinctly wider ( 9 ), the parallel
sides but feebly and subevenly arcuate; vestiges of the callous spots,
two in number, very feeble; elytra rather short, only between three
and four times as long as wide, coarsely, serially punctate, the punc-
tures very deep, well separated and rounded, smaller and confused
apically and near the suture; exterior of the raised discal lines much
stronger and more nearly entire than in any other species; apices
obliquely truncate, scarcely at all bidenticulate; pygidium (9)
very moderately convex, not at all protuberant. Length (cf 9 )
10.0-12.5 mm.; width 2.0-2.7 mm. North Carolina (Southern
Pines),— Manee gracilis Fabr.

The above study has had as its object the most practical arrange-
ment for the identification of the species; ruficollis, for example, is
really more closely related to guadricallosa than to any of the inter-
mediate forms of the table, the most evident difference being the
absence of black coloration on the four thoracic callous spots of the
former. In the difficult bimaculata group, I am unable to state just
which may ultimately prove to be true species, or designate at
present those that should hold a lesser rank; they cannot all be
subspecies of bimaculata, for some of them, such as insignis, dolosa
and exilis, have well marked distinctive structural peculiarities and
perspicillata has less filiform antennae; so I will leave them as an-
nounced until further light can be shed on the subject by means of
carefully collected material.

The species in Oberea are variable in color, it is true, but they have
not the almost illimitable fortuitous variability that has been
ascribed to them by those who have not even taken the trouble to
separate the sexes and note the purely sexual divergencies of colora-
tion ; it is this apparently erratic variability that has chiefly served
to discourage nearly all investigation of the genus. I find that the
variability they possess has its limits, and that these are much less

CERAMBYCIDyE 373

extended than supposed, the only point to be mentioned being the
fact that species or subspecies, whatever may be the meaning of the
latter term — in my own opinion largely without meaning in our
present stage of knowledge — are, as in Tetraopes, very much more
numerous than hitherto admitted. A genus such as these must
either be an undecipherable chaos of few arbitrary composite units,
or a systematic succession of a greater number of more clear-cut
units, until the limits of variability become really known. I prefer
the latter manner of solving the difficulty, provided there be any
structural basis for the finer subdivisions.

There are even more unaccountable eccentricities of color varia-
tion in Mecas per grata than in any Oberea that I have seen; for ex-
ample, in one male before me the fifth ventral segment is wholly
black, while in another male from the same locality and apparently
not differing in any other way, the fifth segment is bright red, the
basal black part separated by an abrupt line. In the Oberea
bimaculata series, I find that in some species the head may be as
pale as the prothorax to nearly black, but in the latter case the dark
color is nubilous and not of a deep black and separated from the
pale basal part by a sharp line of demarcation, as it is in some allied
but apparently distinct species. The coloration of the legs, men-
tioned above under exilis, like that of Parallelina subargentata, is
another unexplainable instance of color dimorphism — I would rather
use this term than variability in such cases — for it does not seem to
be sexual in origin. Of course I may have confused two different
taxonomic units, which however seems inconceivable, either in this
case or that of Mecas pergrata.

Tribe TETRAOPINI.

This tribe, as organized by Bates, seems to be sufficiently distinct
from the Phytoeciini by reason of the very broadly and completely
divided eyes. The three genera known to me are Tetraopes,
Phiza and Tetrops.

Tetraopes Serv.

In North America, as far to the southward as Central America,
this is a large genus of peculiarly massive longicorns, frequently
closely allied among themselves but at the same time exhibiting
considerable diversity, especially in ornamentation and vestiture.

374 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

The short cinereous clothing is always dense beneath and on the
legs, and is also generally distinct although always less dense on
the upper surface and antennae.

In the following review I have been unable to recognize oregon-
ensis, basalis or mancus of LeConte. The first is nearly 14 mm. in
length, has the prothorax abruptly elevated medially, the discal
spots of the elytra in the usual position but very small and often
wholly obsolete; it is compared with basalis under the original
description, as also having the basal antennal joint red, — a very
unimportant feature however, — and is said to differ by having the
thoracic umbo abruptly elevated, indicating that it is not abruptly
elevated in basalis, though in the original description of the latter,
founded on an example from the Sierra Nevada, the sides of the
prothorax are said to be "subito depresso"; but, more important
still in regard to basalis, the fourth elytral spot, meaning probably
the posterior discal spot, is said to be "placed quite at the margin,"
which would cause it to be an exception in the entire genus and
equally an exception if the fourth spot were the post-humeral;
just before the quotation given, it is said that the spots have the
same position as in femoratus! That the spot may not be normally
placed in basalis, however, is perhaps indicated by the care taken,
under the description of oregonensis, to state that the spots "are in
the usual position" in that species. Mancus, from the Tejon region
of southern California, seems to have the usual coloration and to be
briefly nigro-pilose, the thoracic umbo abruptly elevated, the elytra
moderately punctate and with only the humeral and post-median
spots, as in quinquemaculatus , the legs \vholly black as in that
species, the antennae annulate wdth cinereous and the scape tinged
with red. I have one example which comes very close to this
diagnosis, agreeing in every way except as to the black elytral hairs
and the annulated antennae, neither of these characters being evi-
dent; it is named omissus below. That mancus should have been
united with femoratus as a variety is not readily comprehensible; it
is evidently a fully distinct species.

Basalis is not considered at present, as it seems to be an isolated
type, probably peculiar to the Sierra Nevada region, though, in
most collections, any specimen with a red scape is liable to be found
under that name. Oregonensis is also omitted, as I do not have

CERAMBYCHXE 375

anything answering very well to the description in the material at
hand among a number of west coast forms. Both are valid species,
however, and apparently not closely related to femoratus. The
coloration of the antennal scape is one of the most variable features
of the western species, and in the large and strikingly distinct
velutinus, for example, it is virtually wholly black in one female
but bright red with black apex in the other two females and single
male. Similar inconsistencies are noticeable elsewhere. The pos-
terior of the four elytral spots is the most persistent and is never
obsolete. So far as known to me the species are as follows:

Elytra with a large common black chevron just before the middle, some-
times united along the suture with a still larger apical chevron, the
anterior angles of which are the usual post-median, deeper and more
velvety, black spots, the post-humeral spot invariably wanting. .2

Elytra without extended black maculation, each having a humeral, post-
humeral, anterior juxta-sutural and post-median discal spot of
black, one to three of the anterior spots sometimes wholly obsolete
but only in the femoratus group, the humeral only very rarely even
there, the post-median extremely constant and never wanting, the
post-humeral the most variable in form 7

2 — Humeral, post-humeral and anterior juxta-sutural spots invariably
wanting, the only elytral spot being that at the anterior external
limits of the posterior black chevron; body very small in size 3

Post-humeral and anterior juxta-sutural spots alone invariably wanting . 5

Post-humeral spot alone wanting, the other two discal spots transversely
lineiform; pronotum without the usual four black spots 6

3 — Head black. Body black, cinereo-pubescent throughout and nigro-
pilose; prothorax with the sides at the middle abruptly but not
strongly prominent, marked by four very black spots, the apex and
base red; anterior black chevron of the elytra broadly joining the
posterior along the suture; antennae black, not at all annulated.
Length 8.0 mm. Texas (Llano Estacado) discoideus Lee.

Head wholly bright red, the prothorax black, not red at apex or base. .4

4 — Body moderately slender, convex, densely cinereo-pubescent and
with many long erect black hairs, the under surface, legs and antennae
deep black, the last with very numerous erect black hairs beneath
and with the bases of the joints finely annulate with cinereous;
prothorax nearly one-half wider than long, the middle of the sides
broadly rounded and only feebly prominent, the subbasal constric-
tion stronger than the subapical; surface black throughout, very
rarely with a small red cloud at the sides just before the middle,
the punctures rather small, very sparse, the four velvety-black
spots distinct, the two longitudinal pairs separated by a flat,
elongate-oval surface, which is very abruptly but only extremely
slightly elevated; elytra very coarsely though not at all closely
punctate, more finely toward tip, the small cinereous hairs sparse

376 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

on the red parts, dense on the black, excepting the velvety-black
spot; semi-erect hairs of the under surface shorter, sparser and
cinereous. Length (cf 9 ) 7.0-8.0 mm.; width 2.7-2.9 mm. New
Mexico (Fort Wingate). Eight examples nigricollis n. sp.

Body similar to the preceding but rather more depressed, slightly narrower
and smaller, the antennae more slender and not at all annulate, the
prothorax much more coarsely and closely punctate on the similarly
very feebly elevated medial part, but more finely and sparsely laterad,
the sides nearly similar, the uniformly black color however variegated
by a quadrate red spot at each side of the apex; elytra nearly similar,
except that the cinereous vestiture is more uniformly, though not
very densely, distributed throughout. Length (cf 9) 5-3-7-7 mm.;
width 2.0-2.5 mm- Arizona (locality unrecorded). Three examples.

nanulus n. sp.

5 — Body much larger and stouter than in the three preceding, convex,
bright red throughout above, except the four pronotal spots, the
humeri and the two sutural chevrons, the anterior of which is some-
times much reduced in size and very rarely almost obsolete; under
surface, legs and antennae black, the anterior legs sometimes rufo-
piceous and the antennae not at all annulate; erect black hairs of the
upper surface shorter, finer and more numerous than in the preceding
section, the antennal fringe much less developed, disappearing
apically; prothorax one-fourth to one-half wider than long, the sides
obtusely and moderately prominent at the middle, the surface only
very finely and sparsely punctulate and with the central elevation
gradually formed, its lateral limits barely traceable; elytral punctures
relatively rather small, moderately close-set. Length (cf 9 )
7.8-11.0 mm.; width 2.6-4.2 mm. Long Island, New Jersey and
Pennsylvania, [arator Germ.] canteriator Drap.

6 — Form stout, convex; color deep black throughout, with erect black
hairs and cinereous vestiture, the head red, the red elytra covered
in great part by the largely expanded and suturally coalescent black
chevrons, the posterior not acuminate antero-laterally in the usual
posterior rounded black spots as in all the preceding, but truncate
anteriorly along the posterior spots, which are transversely lineiform,
the anterior juxta-sutural black spots also transversely lineiform;
antennae black, not annulate but more cinereous beneath than above;
prothorax but slightly transverse, only feebly protuberant medially
at the sides, finely, sparsely punctate, without trace of the usual
four velvety-black spots but with the elongate medial region abruptly
and very strongly elevated, shining, subglabrous and sparsely and
rather finely punctate; elytra coarsely, not densely punctate, abruptly
finely so in the posterior black area. Length (cf) n.o mm.; width
4.0 mm. Lower California (San Jose del Cabo), — Fuchs.

elegans Horn

7 — Legs black, sometimes feebly and indefinitely piceo-rufous but only
from immaturity 8

Legs partially red; body as a rule much larger in size; antennae always
annulate 14

8 — Post-humeral spot, near the margin, always wanting 9

CERAMBYCID/E 377

Post-humeral spot not only always present, but the largest and peculiarly
modified, in being elongate, sometimes confluent with the anterior
juxta-sutural spot 13

9 — Antennae without trace of annulation and with the lower fringe reduced
to a very few short hairs. Body elongate, convex, rather shining;
cinereous vestiture above sparse and scarcely visible, the erect hairs
few in number; color rufous, the elytra rather less red; head coarsely,
unevenly punctate, with a fine entire subcallous median line, the
antennae dark brown, with brownish vestiture, black basally, the
scape rufescent basally; prothorax one-half wider than long, with
the lateral prominences strong, the four spots small, piceous; surface
very finely, sparsely punctate, the median umbo abruptly and
moderately elevated; scutellum black as usual; elytra with moder-
ately coarse and not very close-set, deep punctures, which become
rather abruptly much finer and very sparse in nearly inner third;
legs subuniformly and slightly picescent, probably from immaturity.
Length (cf) 12. o mm.; width 3.8 mm. California (locality un-
recorded) omissus n. sp.

Antennae brownish-black, deep black basally, each of the outer joints
with a very fine annulus of cinereous hairs. Body small in size,
with even and not at all dense cinereous vestiture above and with
many erect bristling blackish hairs, the vestiture closer beneath but
not very dense, not concealing the integument on the legs, which are
somewhat piceous; head finely, not closely punctate, the fine median
line blackish; prothorax transverse, obtusely and moderately
protuberant at the sides, the four black spots small; punctures fine
and sparse, the median tumescent region convex, not abruptly
elevated; elytra coarsely, not densely punctate, gradually rather
finely so apically; posterior discal spot shading off almost imper-
ceptibly behind. Length (9) 7-2 mm.; width 2.4 mm. New
Mexico quinquemaculatus Hald.

Antennae black, strongly annulate with cinereous bands, each formed
of a narrow band at the apex of one joint and another at the base
of the succeeding joint 10

10 — Cinereous vestiture of the upper surface not at all dense and scarcely
at all modifying the bright red color of the elytra. Body oblong,
convex, shining, bright red, having many long erect black hairs,
the under surface clothed densely with cinereous-blue vestiture, the
legs all intensely black; head moderately punctate; antennae black
throughout, the long erect hairs beneath moderately numerous, the
first three joints bristling with longer blackish and more decumbent
cinereous hairs; prothorax transverse, with large rounded lateral
prominences, the spots moderate, the two anterior smaller than
the posterior; punctures fine and sparse, coarser and closer on the
narrow elongate and feebly convex umbo, which is very abruptly
elevated; elytra coarsely, rather sparsely punctate, very finely
so apically, the spots moderate, unmodified, the apices not darker.
Length (cf ) 10.0 mm.; width 3.55 mm. Mexico (Colonia Garcia,

Chihuahua), — C. H. T. Townsend *nigripes n. sp.

Cinereous vestiture above extremely dense, giving a strongly pruinose or

378 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

velvety effect, the erect hairs extremely short, cinereous, not -dis-
tinctly visible in canescens, the prothorax with a few stiff erect

black hairs at the sides; elytra black at the apices 1 1

II — Erect hairs of the elytra distinct by oblique light, though short,
the cinereous vestiture everywhere extremely dense, even through-
out the median parts of the pronotum, which are glabrous in canescens.
Body subcylindric, pale reddish-brown; head rather closely cinereo-
pubescent, the antennae densely cinereous beneath throughout,
annulate only above, the three basal joints densely cinereous and
with erect black bristles; prothorax one-half wider than long, the
sides rather abruptly prominent medially, the spots distinct, the
umbo somewhat abruptly elevated but not very distinctly and
with its sides not rounded but medially angulate and prominent;
elytra rather strongly but not closely punctate; under surface and
legs very densely cinereo-pubescent. Length (cf) 9.8 mm.; width

3.25 mm. Colorado vestitus n. sp.

Erect hairs of the elytra excessively short, scarcely discoverable even by
oblique illumination; cinereous vestiture nearly wanting on the tho-
racic umbo; antennae not cinereous beneath 12

12 — Form less stout, red, the prothorax sometimes black at base or at
base and apex; head nearly as in the preceding; antennae blacker,
the three basal joints subsimilarly clothed; prothorax nearly similar
in form, the four velvety spots relatively larger, the median region
shining, sparsely punctulate, somewhat convex, rather abruptly
sloping from its broadly angulate sides and more densely cinereous;
elytra with rather more inflated humeri, somewhat strongly but
sparsely punctate, densely cinereous throughout, densely cinereous
beneath, the legs sometimes faintly and subuniformly rufescent
(annulatus Lee.), apparently from immaturity. Length (cf 9 )
8.5-12.8 mm.; width 3.0-4.3 mm. Texas (El Paso) and New Mexico

(Jemez Springs). Very abundant canescens Lee.

A — Similar to the preceding but a little more slender, much less densely
cinereo-pubescent and with the elytra not red but pale yellow-
brown; antennae with the cinereous bands not quite so well denned
beneath, owing to some disseminated cinereous hairs; prothorax
nearly similar but much less pubescent; elytra narrower, not so
inflated basally, with much sparser cinereous vestiture and rather
sparser punctures; legs similar. Length (c/1) 10.0-10.6 mm.;
width 3.4-3.7 mm. New Mexico (Las Vegas Hot Springs),—

Snow fontinalis n. subsp.

Form stouter, the size larger, brownish-red above, densely clothed with
cinereous hairs, which however are not quite so dense as in canescens
and rather sparse at the sides of the elytra from the humeri nearly
to the apex; head broadly, feebly concave between the antennae,
which are relatively shorter and stouter than in canescens, but other-
wise similar above and beneath; prothorax similar, except that the
surface medially from side to side is less pubescent, the four spots
smaller and the medial convexity more coarsely punctate; elytra
less swollen basally, more broadly and obtusely rounded at apex and
with the punctures less coarse and much sparser; dense vestiture

CERAMBYCID.E 379

of the under surface more whitish and less bluish; fifth ventral (9 )
broadly angulate at tip and not transversely truncate as it is in
canescens, similarly two-thirds longer than the fourth, the erect
hairs less blackish, or (cf) barely at all longer than the fourth, with
the truncate apex half as wide as the base and much broader than in
canescens. Length (cf 9 ) 10.0-12.5 mm.; width 3.8-4.7 mm.
Utah (Marys vale), — Wickham uteanus n. sp.

13 — Body rather stout, convex, shining, red, the entire under surface,
legs and antennae black; cinereous vestiture above very minute,
not dense, the erect hairs moderate and black; antennae with the
first three joints deep black and coarsely, sparsely nigro-pubescent,
the remainder brownish-black and clothed very densely with short
fuscous pubescence, not at all cinereous basally; prothorax distinctly
narrower than the elytra, the lateral prominences strong, the umbo
broad, subrhomboidal, rather abruptly formed, the four spots
unusually large; elytra oblong, the humeri not tumid; punctures
rather strong but sparse, fine apically. Length (cf 9 ) 9.0-14.5 mm.;
width 3.2-5.0 mm. New York (Lake Champlain), Pennsylvania to
Iowa (Keokuk). [Lamia tornator Fabr.] tetrophthalmus Forst.

Body less stout, more parallel, brighter red, rather less shining, the under
surface, legs and antennae nearly as in the preceding; prothorax more
transverse and very nearly as wide as the elytra, the central umbo
similar but evenly rounded at the sides and less strongly punctured,
the spots similar; elytra similarly maculate but with the punctures
coarser and more close-set; humeri differing remarkably, being
abruptly prominent, rounded and knob-like; under surface grayer.
Length (cf) 12.0 mm.; width 4.2 mm. Dakota., .humeralis n. sp.

14 — Four black spots of the pronotum forming a quadrangle which is
distinctly wider than long, sometimes strongly transverse and with
the two spots on each side connected longitudinally 15

Four black spots forming a square or very nearly, except in obsoletus and
cocdneus, where they form a more transverse rectangle, though with
no tendency to unite longitudinally 18

15 — Smaller species, the vestiture of the upper surface only moderately
dense and not very conspicuous 16

Large species, the vestiture above extremely dense, producing a velvety
appearance and having ( 9 ) a denuded spot near the apex of each
elytron, not visible in the preceding 17

16 — Body stout, convex, the elytra unusually short, bright red above,
the under surface and legs black and densely clothed with yellowish-
gray pubescence, the femora all red but black at their extreme
apices; erect hairs black, long on the prothorax, moderate on the
elytra; antennas ( 9 ) short, three-fourths as long as the body, the first
three joints bristling as usual with numerous erect hairs and having
some ashy pubescence, the scape partially tinged with red; prothorax
transverse, moderately prominent at the sides, the umbo strong,
elongate, abruptly formed, with broadly arcuate sides and rather
coarse sparse punctures, not impressed ; spots very close longitudinally
and joined by a black vitta along the sides of the umbo; elytra but
little more than one-half longer than wide, all the spots well

380 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

developed, except the post-humeral, which is wholly wanting in
the type; punctures rather coarse, not dense and not very even in
distribution. Length (9) 13.0 mm.; width 4.8 mm. A single
example without designation of locality, but probably from Colorado.

junctus n. sp.

Body much narrower and more elongate, not so bright red, the elytra
often yellowish, the erect setae above black, longer and more con-
spicuous; antennae similar; prothorax (cf) similarly transverse,
nearly twice as wide as long, almost as in junctus throughout, the
spots approximate longitudinally and partially joined by black along
the umbo, the anterior margin not thickened and convex as it is in
junctus; basal margin black, or ( 9 ) much less transverse, with the
spots not joined; elytra with all four spots well developed, the post-
humeral obliquely subquadrate (cf ), smaller (9 ); punctures coarse,
more numerous than in the preceding, similarly very fine apically;
sutural angles broadly rounded (cf1), more narrowly (9); vestiture
beneath dense, olivaceous; legs deep black, the anterior and middle
femora red medially, the former only on the anterior face, the latter
on both. Length (cf 9 ) 11.8-12.4 mm.; width 4.4-4.8 mm. New
Mexico (Las Vegas), — Snow vegasensis n. sp.

17 — Moderately stout, convex, dull red to brick red, the integument
largely concealed by the dense cinereous vestiture almost as in
canescens, the erect hairs extremely short and cinereous, longer and
black on the prothorax; under surface very densely clothed with
olivaceous vestiture; all the femora and tibiae red, the knees and
tarsi black, the hind tibiae obscure in the female; antennae rather
long, black, clothed as in the preceding, the scape generally red,
black at apex, but sometimes almost completely black; prothorax
(cf ) two-thirds wider than long, the quadrangle of spots rather more
transverse in the male, the lateral prominences strong, the umbo
strong and abrupt, coarsely punctate, with broadly rounded sides;
base and apex concolorous; elytra somewhat expanded at the humeri
in both sexes, the four spots well developed, the posterior transversely
oval, the post-humeral larger than in any other western species,
obliquely subquadrate to irregularly oblong, more obscured by the
vestiture than any of the others; punctures moderately coarse and
rather sparse; the three females have a rounded denuded apical spot
not visible in the single male; abdomen unusually protruded behind
the elytra in the female. Length (cf 9 ) 14.0-16.8 mm.; width 5.0-
6.0 mm. Kansas (Finney and Hamilton Cos.), — Menke and Hunter.

velutinus n. sp.

18 — Upper surface densely clothed with cinereous vestiture, giving a
strongly pruinose effect 19

Upper surface much less densely clothed, never giving more than a feebly
pruinose effect 20

19 — Body large and very stout, almost as in the preceding but stouter
and with the elytra ( 9 ) scarcely at all expanded at the humeri,
though evidently so (cf ); upper surface dull red, the under surface
black, very densely clothed with ashy-gray vestiture, the legs colored
as in velutinus; erect hairs short, cinereous, rather distinct; antennae

CERAMBYCID^E 381

similar but stouter and a little shorter, the scape red, tipped with
black; prothorax nearly as in vchitinus but much less transverse,
with less protuberant sides, the umbo more conspicuous, more
strongly and very abruptly elevated, the sides almost straight, its
surface more impressed on the median line posteriorly; elytra shorter,
the punctures slightly coarser and closer and very much more distinct,
the spots similar, except that the post-humeral is always much
smaller; abdomen (9) much less prolonged behind the elytra;
coriaceous hind margins of the segments (cf) very much broader
than in the preceding, short in the female. Length (cJ* 9 ) 15.5-
16.5 mm.; width 5.8-6.2 mm. Three examples from the Levette
collection, without labels but probably taken in Colorado.

robustus n. sp.

Body much smaller, more slender, rather pale brick-red above, the cine-
reous vestiture not quite so dense, the erect hairs cinereous, very short,
scarcely discoverable, longer but palish on the prothorax, the black
under surface densely clothed with whitish-cinereous vestiture;
femora and tibiae pale red, the latter sometimes partially black;
antennae as in the preceding but more slender, the scape bright red,
tipped with black to black, feebly rufescent medially; prothorax
nearly as in the preceding, the very abrupt umbo parallel, very feebly
arcuate at the sides and impressed only with a very fine groove at the
extreme base; elytra subparallel, only slightly expanded at the
humeri, strongly but not very closely punctate, the four spots
distinct, the post-humeral subquadrate but not larger than the
anterior discal, the posterior as usual blacker and more velvety,
transversely oval. Length (of1) 12.7-14.0 mm.; width 4.6-5.0 mm.
Kansas, — F. H. Snow brevisetosus n. sp.

20 — Elytra finely and sparsely punctate; post-humeral spot generally
obsolete. Pacific coast faunal region 21

Elytra strongly and more closely punctured. Rocky Mountain region
and to the eastward 22

21 — Body larger in size, pale red, the elytra pale brownish-yellow, moder-
ately shining, the cinereous vestiture not conspicuous, the erect hairs
short, cinereous, the black under surface clothed densely with oliva-
ceous vestiture; femora red, the knees black; tibiae blackish to evi-
dently rufescent; antennae rather stout, the fourth joint largely
clothed with cinereous as well as the first three, the scape red, tipped
with black; prothorax transverse, the lateral prominences strong,
more angular than in the Rocky Mountain species, the umbo
strongly, very abruptly elevated, its sides parallel, distinctly and
evenly arcuate, the median line always impressed basally and some-
times throughout the length, the punctures strong but not approach-
ing the sides of the umbo; elytra oblong, with unusually fine and
very sparse punctures throughout, the anterior juxta-sutural spot
well developed, oval, slightly transverse, the posterior large, slightly
transverse, oval, the post-humeral very small in the type and wholly
wanting in the other two examples; tarsi rather broad, the second
joint of the posterior not quite as long as wide and only feebly,

382 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

arcuately narrowed from apex to base. Length (9 ) 15.0-16.0 mm.;
width 5.7-6.0 mm. California (locality not recorded).

sublaevis n. sp.

Body much smaller, strongly shining, deeper and bright red, the under
surface densely clothed with very fine slaty-blue hairs; legs black, the
femora all red, the knees black; vestiture above very fine, cinereous
and inconspicuous, the erect black hairs rather long and distinct;
antennae short, three-fourths as long as the body, black, the annu-
lations very much narrower than usual as in the preceding, the
three basal joints with but few cinereous hairs, the scape rufous,
tipped with black to gradually black almost from the base; prothorax
distinctly wider than long and arcuate at apex, the lateral prominences
very moderate and broadly obtuse, the umbo abruptly, moderately
elevated, with evenly arcuate sides and strong scattered punctures,
the median line not only without vestige of impression but, as a
remarkable exception, tumid at base; elytra short, but little more
than one-half longer than wide, the punctures distinct and moderately
sparse, much stronger than in the preceding, the spots moderate, the
post-humeral always wanting; male with the fifth ventral slightly
longer than the fourth, its apex unusually deeply sinuate medially,
or ( 9 ) much longer than the fourth, with the apex truncate medially;
female of the two type specimens much smaller than the male.
Length (cf 9 ) 10.5-12.0 mm.; width 3.7-4.7 mm. California
(Siskiyou Co.), — Koebele obsoletus n. sp.

Body nearly similar but more elongate, with longer though otherwise
similar antennae and different male sexual characters, similar in
coloration, sculpture and vestiture above but beneath having the
dense vestiture paler, more ashy and notably longer and coarser;
prothorax and elytra nearly similar in sculpture, shining lustre and
maculation; male with the fifth ventral segment but just visibly
longer than the fourth, with its apex feebly sinuato-truncate, the
truncature about half as wide as the base; tarsi larger and longer,
the basal joint especially much longer and, on the anterior, more
inflated. Length (d71) 12.0-12.6 mm.; width 4.5-4.7 mm. Cali-
fornia (without indication of locality) coccineus n. sp.

22 — Vestiture of the under surface cinereous to ochreo-cinereous; upper
surface generally pale red to yellowish-red 23

Vestiture beneath cinereous-blue to deep slaty-blue; upper surface
generally deep red, the body stouter and larger 25

23 — Thoracic umbo broadly and deeply impressed in almost basal half.
Body strongly convex, rather shining, pale red, the cinereous ves-
titure above not at all conspicuous, the erect hairs rather short,
cinereous; antennae black, rather thick, not quite as long as the body,
strongly annulate, the basal joint bright red; prothorax moderately
transverse and protuberant at the sides, the umbo very strongly
elevated and extremely abrupt, flattened above and coarsely punc-
tate; elytra oblong, the four black spots distinct, subequal among
themselves, the punctures unusually coarse, deep and rather close-set,
fine but distinct apically; under surface black, densely clothed with
coarse ochreo-cinereous vestiture, the fifth segment (cf ) not longer

CERAMBYCID/E 383

than the fourth, broadly truncate medially at apex; legs red, the
tarsi rufo-piceous, the hind tibiae infuscate basally, the knees through-
out dark. Length (cf) 13.8 mm.; width 5.2 mm. Texas.

punctipennis n. sp.
Thoracic umbo not at all impressed or only very finely and feebly at the

posterior end 24

24 — Elytra shorter, not more than three-fourths longer than wide.
Bright brick-red in color, the entire under surface of the hind body
and anterior coxa? deep black; legs red, the knees black, the two
anterior tibiae at base and apex, the posterior wholly, black, the
tarsi black but with reddish-pubescent soles; cinereous pubescence
of the upper surface feeble and inconspicuous, of the under moderately
dense and somewhat fusco-cinereous; erect hairs long, numerous
and black; head sparsely punctate; antennae black, annulate, nearly
as long as the body (cf), the scape red, black at apex; prothorax
one-half wider than long, the lateraljprominences strong, rounded, the
umbo rather narrow, with feebly arcuate sides, strongly and abruptly
elevated, sparsely and not very coarsely punctate; elytra strongly
but not closely punctate, the spots distinct, the post-humeral oc-
casionally wanting. Length (c? 9 ) 11.0-12.8 mm.; width 4.0-4.8
mm. New Mexico (Fort Wingate), — Shufeldt. . .atrisetosus n. sp.
Elytra longer, about twice as long as wide, more obscure red, the cinereous
hairs of the upper surface more numerous, giving a moderate bloom,
the erect hairs rather short, in great part cinereous; under surface
black, densely clothed with rather coarse olivaceo-cinereous pubes-
cence; legs black, the femora red, the two anterior tibiae also some-
times in great part rufous; head less sparsely punctate; antennae
nearly similar, except that the scape is black, rufescent medially
above; prothorax a little more transverse, the strong lateral prom-
inences more narrowly rounded, the umbo a little broader, with more
arcuate sides and coarser and more numerous punctures; basal
margin black throughout the width; elytra coarsely, rather closely
punctate, more closely medially except toward the suture, the four
spots well developed. Length (cf) 13.0 mm.; width 4.8 mm.

Colorado femoratus Lee.

A — Similar but still more slender in form and with the punctures less
coarse and not so close-set, the erect hairs a little longer, cinereous;
antennae similar but notably shorter, much shorter than the body;
prothorax nearly similar, the base blackish only at the sides; legs
entirely black, all the femora red; under surface similar. Length
(cf 9 ) 11.8-12.3 mm.; width 4.2-4.5 mm. Iowa (Keokuk).

amnicola n. subsp.

B — Smaller, still more slender and not quite so convex, the punctures
less coarse than in femoratus and decidedly sparser, the erect hairs
much longer, fuscous and cinereous; antennae as in amnicola;
prothorax similar, except that the lateral prominences are not so
strong and much more broadly rounded, the umbo similarly very
strongly and abruptly elevated but limited behind by a more
distinct transverse sulcus; base feebly nigrescent at the sides;
pubescence of the under surface finer and shorter than in the two

384 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

preceding and bluish-cinereous, somewhat as in the three following
species. Length (9) n.8 mm.; width 3.8 mm. Utah.

monticola n. subsp.

25 — Under surface of the body red, excepting the median parts of the
metasternum and the abdomen, which are black or blackish, the
met-episterna always red. Body moderately stout, shining, bright
red, the cinereous hairs of the upper surface very inconspicuous, the
erect hairs rather long, cinereous, black basally and on the prothorax;
dense vestiture of the under surface coarse and bluish-cinereous;
legs red, the tarsi black; head coarsely, sparsely punctate, the antennae
annulate, black and not quite as long as the body (cf ), the scape red;
prothorax transverse, with strong and broadly rounded lateral
prominences, the umbo rather narrow, very strongly and abruptly
elevated, sparsely punctate; elytra moderately elongate, slightly
swollen at the humeri, coarsely, rather closely punctate, the spots
moderate in size, the post-humeral generally obsolete. Length
(cf) 13.0-14.0 mm.; width 5.0-5.2 mm. Arizona (southern).

Levette collection. Three similar examples ruber n. sp.

Under surface of the entire hind body deep black 26

26 — Form moderately stout, shining, deep red, the vestiture above very
feeble and indistinct, beneath slaty-blue; erect hairs rather long,
stiff, black; legs black, the femora and generally the first two tibiae
red; antennae rather long and heavy, the scape red; prothorax nearly
as in the preceding; elytra with rather coarse but somewhat distant
punctures, the spots relatively rather small, the post-humeral
generally wholly wanting; anterior and middle tarsi (cf ) with the
basal joint much more dilated than that of the posterior, the middle
tarsi nearly as long as the tibiae; male with the fifth ventral slightly
longer than the fourth, the apex broadly truncate medially; upper
and lower flat horizontal plates of the intromittent organ broad,
parallel sided, abruptly and rapidly, arcuately narrowed at apex and
acutely produced medially for a short distance, the two plates
subsimilar in form and rather closely applied. Length (cf 9 )
11.2-14.6 mm.; width 4.0-5.5 mm. Arizona (Oak Creek Canon),—

F. H. Snow spissicornis n. sp.

Form stout, larger, broadly convex, similar in coloration and vestiture;
antennae rather long and thick, similarly annulate and with the basal
joint red; head coarsely, not closely punctate; prothorax nearly as in
the preceding, the very strongly elevated and extremely abrupt
umbo parallel, with its sides evenly and barely visibly arcuate,
coarsely punctate except toward its lateral edges and defined at
base by a fine deep transverse groove; elytra coarsely, very evenly
but not very closely punctate, the spots all present but small, except
the posterior, which is well developed; surface with the feebly
pruinose covering of cinereous hairs removed in a small spot near
the apices as in velutinus. Length (9) 17-5 mm.; width 6.5 mm.
Mexico (Durango City),— Wickham *fortis n. sp.

Elegans Horn, is the most aberrant of our species in the absence
of the four pronotal spots and very strongly elevated and extremely

CERAMBYCID^ 385

abrupt shining thoracic umbo, but its derivation from the discoideus
type is sufficiently evident. I am uncertain whether the example
described above as quinguemaculatus Hald., really represents that
species, as there is a very fine feeble antennal annulation — perhaps
overlooked by LeConte; the size is much smaller, though this is
not at all significant in view of the very great variation in size
characterizing most of the species, but the locality is far removed
from that of the type of the species, which is said by LeConte to be
Sault St. Marie, Michigan. I have omitted texanus Horn, not hav-
ing seen a specimen ; it is said to be allied to quinguemaculatus but
with red scape and femora; without much doubt it is a valid species,
not at all closely allied to qidnqiiemaculatus but rather to be asso-
ciated with the femoratus group, the gradually formed thoracic
umbo not being a character of so great value as supposed, consider-
ing the diversity of this part in the discoideus group, which, as
shown by other more general features, is a perfectly natural sec-
tion of the genus. Mancus Lee., should come in the table immedi-
ately after omissus, from which it differs in its annulate antennae.
It is probable that collaris Horn, which I have not seen but which
is very aberrant in the opaque thoracic umbo, would be best placed
in the femoratus group and near that species in the table ; it is from
New Mexico. Oregonensis and basalis of LeConte, may be placed
at the end of the table as requiring further study; the first, at least,,
is certainly not represented in my material, and it is improbable
that either ruber, atrisetosus or spissicornis, the only available ones
in this connection, can be the same as basalis, because of the very
strong and abruptly elevated thoracic umbo. Humeralis is unique
in the genus by reason of the very remarkable abruptly tumid
black elytral humeri, which, even if aberrational in the single
type, would not invalidate the species, as the prothorax is much
broader and more transverse and the head larger than in
tetrophthalmus; it is also more parallel and very much more
strongly punctured than tetrophthalmus Forst.* Western examples
of the latter species are a little larger, more elongate and more punc-

* I here follow LeConte in writing tetrophthalmus and not tetra -iphthalmus, as given
by Horn and followed by Bates. Specific words can be altered to accord with ety-
mological usage, which however is not the case with generic words, the latter being
unalterable.

T. L. Casey, Mem. Col. IV, Nov. 1913.

386 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

tate as a rule than those from the coast regions, though otherwise
nearly similar; they form, in fact, a very well marked variety of
tetrophthalmus, which may be designated subspecies iowensis nov.

Tetrops Kirby.

The small species of this genus are individually rather rare in
collections. They are allied to Tetraopes in general organization but
are narrower and more cylindric, the prothorax biconstricted but
only very feebly and broadly prominent at the sides, the elytral
punctures relatively coarser, denser and subserial and the antennal
joints beyond the fourth abruptly abbreviated; they also have some
affinity with Oberea of the preceding tribe. My two representatives
of canescens Lee., are from Kansas, and the single example of
jucunda Lee., from Pennsylvania. Monostigma Hald., having the
legs red, I have not seen. The following is allied to jucunda, but
can readily be distinguished as stated below:

Tetrops expurgata n. sp. — Form nearly as in jucunda and with nearly
similar fuscous vestiture and erect hairs, black, shining, the head and
prothorax throughout bright red, the latter without trace of dark central
maculation; legs and antennae black, the joints of the latter beyond the
iouith abruptly much abbreviated and pale brown in color throughout;
head finely, sparsely punctate, broadly and feebly concave between the
antennal tubercles; prothorax a fourth wider than long, parallel, the basal
•constriction deep and confusedly punctate, the apical shallower, the
central callus feeble, only evident behind the anterior constriction and
with a few punctures, the surface elsewhere impunctate except in the
basal constriction; apical margin notably thickened; scutellum small,
triangular, with very few fine punctures; elytra shining, with series of
coarse oval perforate punctures, confused though only slightly smaller
apically, the sculpture as in Oberea; abdomen shining, sparsely punctu-
late and hairy; legs short and slender. Length (9) 7-7 mm.; width
2,2 mm. Indiana. Levette collection.

Differs from jucunda in its slightly stouter form, coloration of
the antennae, the joints beyond the fourth in that species, as well
as canescens, being black or blackish, with only their extreme bases
paler, in the shorter and less punctate, wholly immaculate prono-
tum and in the coarser and less close-set elytral punctures, the inter-
spaces being more shining, owing to the much less evident, or in
fact barely traceable, fine subgranular sculpture of jucunda.

The genus PJuza of Newman, is closely related to Tetrops and
bears a still greater resemblance in sculpture to Oberea, the antennas

CERAMBYCID^E 387

being as in that genus though shorter, the joints beyond the fourth
not being abbreviated ; it differs from Tetrops also in the irregularly,
longitudinally bisulcate and very differently biconstricted prothorax,
at least as shown in my series of Ph<za vitticollis Bates.

NOTES.

Mem. Col., Ill, pp. 344-345 — Tylosis bifasciata Csy., should be
advanced to specific rank and conjuncta and parva Csy., united
therewith as slight modifications, scarcely worthy of separate
names. All the other species described seem to be valid.

Mem. Col., Ill, p. 355 — On page 384 of his recent catalogue, M.
Aurivillius has placed Cyllene chara Say, as a modification of decora
Oliv. ; this is decidedly wrong; it is not a variety but an amply valid
species. The author has nevertheless given names to the variations
of chara indicated by G. H. Horn; of these horni Auriv. is typical
chara, which was misidentified by Horn on the plate referred to, as
can be seen readily by consulting Say's original description, where
it is stated that the elytra are solidly yellow in basal third. The
mediana of Aurivillius is the same as solida Csy., and of course takes
precedence of the latter name because of priority. Arhopalus
lutosus Lee., cannot be any modification of chara or decora, though
it is unknown to me at present. As for brevipennis Lee., I am
inclined to think that the remarkable protrusion of the abdomen in
the type is accidental, and that the name may refer to an extremely
immature male of Xylotrechus obliteratus.

Mem. Col., Ill, p. 365 — I have recently received from Prof.
Cockerell the male of Xylotrechus obliteratus; the elytra have the
markings partially obliterated by a uniform suffused clothing of
pale hairs, as in the males of insignis and incongruens. Diruptus
Csy., should be united with insignis; the differences appear too
slight to warrant even the status of a subspecies. A male of Xylo-
trechus salebrosus, also recently received, is shorter and with much
more rapidly cuneiform elytra and shorter legs than the male of
cylindrus, and proves that the two species are distinct.

Mem. Col., Ill, p. 374 — The name Paraclytus is preoccupied by
Bates and may be replaced by Triodoclytus (nom. nov.).

Mem. Col., IV, p. 327 — The example from the Catskill Mts., re-
ferred to cryptica, does not belong to that species but to variolata.

388 MEMOIRS ON THE COLEOPTERA

In all the numerous representatives of the latter, the large posterior
spot extends to and is truncated by the lateral carina, while in
cry plica it is always isolated and rounded, — apparently a trivial
character but notably constant.

Mem. Col., IV, p. 331 — Some time after the matter relating to
Graphisunis piisilliis had been put in type I discovered by chance
that reference had been made to this subject by Mr. Schaeffer
(Ent. News, 1902, p. 236), whereby it seems that it was, even at that
time, the opinion of Mr. Leng that the true pusillns of Kirby was
the species so identified by myself, as cited above. That we should
have arrived at the same result by independent routes tends at any
rate to be confirmatory, and if Mr. Leng had also determined that
our so-called Acanthocinns should, as a consequence, be known
henceforth under the name Graphisunis, he would have still more
fully expressed the reality in my opinion.

INDEX.

All generic and specific names without designation of authorship in the following
index refer to new descriptions in the preceding pages of this work. Names merely
incidentally mentioned are frequently omitted.

Abacidus Lee

fallax Dej

hamiltoni Horn

permundus Say

planifer

sculptus Lee

ACANTHOCININI

Acanthocinus Steph 332

edmondi Fairm ,

linearis Skin

nodosus Fabr

obliquus Lee

obsoletus Oliv

pusillus Kirby

quadrigibbus Say

spectabilis Lee

Acanthoderes Serv

cornutus Bates

daviesi Swed

decipiens Hald

funerarius Bates

morrisi Uhler

pra?cellens Bates

quadrigibbus Say 301,

ACANTHODERINI

Acmseops Lee 217, 219,

atra Lee 221,

aurora

basalis Lee

bivittata Say

californica Lee

cavicollis

coloradensis

cubitalis Lee

directa Newm 240,

discoidea Hald

dorsalis Lee

falsa Lee

gibbula Lee

lacustrina

ligata Lee

lisa Leng 198,

longicornis Kirby 219,

lugens Lee 223,

iupina Lee

marginalis Lee

militaris Lee

mollipilosa Lee 223,

nigripennis Lee

PAGE PAGE

136 Acmaeops obsoleta 243, 246

136 parkeri 242

136 pinguis Lee 229, 230

136 pinicola Schf 245

136 pratensis Laich 219, 241

136 proteus Kirby 219, 245

303 puncticeps 243, 246

. 334 spuria Lee 239

334 subaenea Lee 224, 229

341 subcyanea Lee 226

340 subpilosa Lee 235

337 thoracica Hald 217

331 tumida Lee 219, 223

331 variipes Csy 234

301 vincta Lee 239

339 viola Lee 222

301 Acmseopsilla 240

302 ^Egomorphus Hald 302

301 decipiens Hald 302

302 morrisi Uhler 302

302 Amillarus Thorns 363

-302 apicalis Thorns 364

304 tenuicornis 363

, 302 Amniscus collaris Hald 309

301 commixtus Hald 309

240 perplexus Hald 309

230 Anisopodus White 323, 330

244 Anisorus Muls 215

231 Arhopalus lutosus Lee 387

217 Astylidius 308

225 leiopinus 308

244 parvus Lee 308, 316

244 versutus 308

234 Astylopsis 309

241 commixtus Hald 309

245 macula Say 309

239 Atranus pallescens 172

240 pubescens Dej 172

245 Bellamira Lee 246, 248, 272

242 antennata Schf 272

239 scalaris Say 272

199 Bothriopterus Chd 138

238 adstrictus Esch 140, 142

230 latebricola 141

237 latescans 139

239 laxicollis 142

235 luczoti Dej 138, 141

230 oblongiusculus Mots 140

217 oblongonotatus Say 140

389

390

INDEX.

Bothriopterus oregonus Lee 143

pennsylvanicus Lee 139

saxatilis 142

sericeus 140

seriepunctatus Mann 140

shastanus 141

vitreus Dej 140, 142

Brachyleptura 247, 251

boulderensis 252

canadensis Fabr 251

champlaini 254

circumdata Oliv 251

cribripennis Lee 251

cuneatula 253

dehiscens Lee 251, 253

fusella 254

haldemani Csy 251

lacustris Csy 251

laetifica Lee 251

puella 254, 255

rubrica Say 251

sanguinea Lee 251

subquadrata 251

tetrica 255

vagans Oliv 251, 253

Brachysomida 219, 220

atra Lee 221, 230

brevicornis 226

ceerulea 227

californica Lee 225

celestina 222

chalybea 227

corpulenta 224

francisca 225

hirsuta 228

lanatula 224

lepidula 229

lugens Lee 223, 230

mollipilosa Lee 223, 230

morata 222, 230

pinquis Lee 229, 230

protensicollis 228

proxima 225

robustula 228

subaenea Lee 224

subcyanea Lee 226

trinitatis 226, 230

tumida Lee 223

tumidiceps 227

versicolor 229, 230

viola Lee 222

Calathus Bon 156, 159

acomanus 158

alutaceus 157

appalachius 157

behrensi Mann 159

coloradensis 15?

confusus Lee 158

dubius Lee 161

gregarius Say 156

guadalupensis Csy 159

impunctatus Say 160

Calathus ingratus Dej 158

labradorinus 158

longulus 158

obesulus 15?

obscurus Lee 159

opaculus Lee 15?

ovipennis Putz 160

quadricollis Lee 159

reductus 158

ruficollis Dej 159

sonoricus 156

Calleida Dej 173, 177

striata i?7

Callisthenes Fisch 66

arcuatus Csy 68

concinnus 66

dietzi Schf 68

diffractus 75

discors Lee 67

exaratus 72

gravidulus 69

inversus 67

laqueatus Lee 67

latipennis Horn . .69, 75

luxatus Say 70, 73

monticola Csy 74

nevadensis 74

opimus 69

pimelioides Walk 73

pustulosus 73

striatulus Lee 71

tegulatus 72

tularensis 68

viator 72

zimmermanni Lee 71

Calosoma Web 59. 66

amplipennis 62

angulata Chev 60

caelator 61

carbonata Lee 6r, 62

eremicola Fall 64

esuriens 64

expansa Csy 60

hospes 63

indigens 61

ingens 62

irregularis Walk 61

microsticta Csy 60

parviceps Csy 64

peregrinator Guer 61, 62

prominens Lee 60

semilsevis Lee 65

subgracilis 63

tepida Lee 61

transversa 65

tristoides Fall 65

Canonura 335

CARABID.E 41

Carabus Linn 56

franciscanus 58

gladiator Mots 59

hudsonicus Mots 59

INDEX.

Carabus lecontei 57

montanicus 58

patulicollis 57

serratus Say 59

sylvosus Say 57

taedatus Fabr 58

tatumi Mots 59

vegasensis 59

Centrodera nevadica Lee 202

oculata 202, 204

tenera 203

CERAMBYCID/E 193

CERAMBYCINxE 193

Cerambyx daviesi Swed 301

fasciatus DeG 331

Ceratographis Gahan 331, 335

biguttatus Lee 331

Cercolia 268

Chaetanes Bates 322, 335

Charisalia 247, 256

americana Hald 256

capitata Newm 256

Cicindela Linn 4

abclominalis Fabr 14, 37, 38

abrupta 31

admiscens 25

albertina 24

ambiens 33

amnicola 37

ancocisconensis Harr 27

apricoidea 32

ardelio 21

audax 29

anguralis 21

awemeana 23

boulderensis Csy 37

bucolica 28

canadensis 17

celeripes Lee 4

chihuahuae Bates 37

circumpicta Laf 1 1, 33

collusor 39

cribrum 39

criddlei 19

crinifrons 26

cuprascens Lee 37

decemnotata Say 24

depressula Csy 29

dorsalis Say u, 31, 32

duodecimguttata Dej 28

• eldorensis 23

eureka Fall 30

extenuata 38

faceta 38

flavopunctata Chev 15

formosa Say 8, 24

f ranciscana 23

fulgida Say 7, 20

fulgoris 34

gabbi Horn 10

globicollis 35

gracilenta 25

Cicindela gratiosa Guer 12

gravida Lee 31

guttifera Lee 29

haemorrhagica Lee 40

hirticollis Say 9, 31

inducta 22

insomnis 35

inspiciens 33

kirbyi Lee 26

latesignata Lee 20

lauta Csy 23

lemniscata Lee 16

lepida Dej i r, 35

limbalis Klug 22, 23

limbigera G. & H 20

longilabris Say 5, 17

luxuriosa 24

macra Lee 36

marginata Fabr 12, 36

marginipennis Dej 16

maricopa Leng? 30

mercurialis 36

montana Lee i?

mundula 37

munifica 31

nebraskana Csy i?

nigrocserulea Lee. . : 6, 19

nympha 20

obliviosa 20

obsoleta Say 5

oregona Lee 29

ostenta i?

ovalipennis 3°

pamphila Lee 1 1

perviridis Shpp 18

placerensis 18

politula Lee 14, 38, 39

praetextata Lee 34

proteus Kirby 3<>

pulchra Say 7

punctulata Oliv 13, 37

purpurea Oliv 8, 21, 22

pusilla Say 7

quadripennis 30

repanda Dej 9, 28

rufiventris Dej 14, 39

scapularis Csy 29

scutellaris Say 6, 19

sedecimpunctata Klug 40

semipicta Csy 32

severa Laf 13

sexguttata Fabr 6

sommeri Mann 15

sonoma 29

sonorana 40

spissitarsis 18

sterope 28

stringens 34

tenuisignata Lee 10

togata Laf 1 1 , 35

tortuosa Dej 10

townsendi 19

392

INDEX.

Cicindela tranquebarica Hbst 9, 25

turbulenta 25

unijuncta Csy 28

unipunctata Fabr 5

venusta Lee 24, 25

versuta 24

viridisticta Bates 14

woodgatei 40

CICINDELID^: i

Collapteryx Newm 284

Colobothea Bates 335, 343

pluralis 344

sexualis 344

Cosmosalia 267

Cyllene brevipennis Lee 387

chara Say 387

mediana Auriv 387

Cymindis Latr 177

abstrusa Lee 177, 182

acomana 181

alticola 183

americana Dej 188

arizonensis Schf 180

atrolucens 178

bipartita 185

blanda 184

borealis Lee 186

brevipennis Zimm 177, 185

cribrata Lee 188

cribricollis Dej 177, 182

elegans Lee 188

evanescens 179

laticollis Say 180

marginata Kirby 183, 188

neglecta Hald 187

pilosa Say 186

planipennis Lee 177, 184

rupimontis 183

unicolor Kirby 182

uniseriata Bates 179

venator Dej 177, 187

zuniana 181

Cyphonotida 247, 260

ventralis Horn 260

Cyrtinus Lee 279

Dectes Lee 335, 341

alticola 342

aridus 343

brevis 342

brevisetosus 343

discolor 343

latitarsis 342

spinosus Say 342

texanus Lee 343

thoracicus 342

Desmiphora Serv 349

hirticollis Oliv 349

intricata 350

mexicana Thorns 349

DESMIPHORINI 349

Dicselus Bon 150

angustus 152

Dicselus carolinensis 150

debiliceps 151

dejeani Lee 153

dilatatus Say 153

flohri Bates 154

la^vipennis Lee 155

ovipennis 152

politus Dej 152

simplex Dej 152

speciosus 152

splendidus Say 153

subtropicus 151

Dinoptera Muls 219

Diplochila Brul 146

alternans Csy 149, 150

cliens Csy 148

expansa 148, 150

impressicollis Dej 147

laticollis Lee 147

major Lee 147, 148

nupera Csy 147, 149

oblonga 148, 150

planulata 147, 149, 150

Disonycha Chev 192, 218

DORCADIONINI 279

Dorcasina 269

Dromochorus belfragei Salle 4

pruininus Csy 4

sericeus Csy 4

Essostrutha fimbriolata Bates 364

Euthuorus Duv 355

Eutoxotus 206

Eutrypanus princeps Walk 339

Evarthrus Lee 99

Evodinus monticola Rand 216

vancouveri 216

Feronia Group 95 to 146

Gaurotes Lee 217

abdominalis Bland 217, 218

cressoni Bland 217, 218

cyanipennis Say 217, 218

fusciceps Lee 218

lecontei 219

multiguttatus Bates 217, 218

oblongus 218

thoracicus Hald 218

varians Lee 218

Glaucotes 305

yuccavorus Fall 305

Goes Lee 296

debilis Lee .297

laurenticus 297

marmoratus 296

oculatus Lee 298

pulcher Hald 296

pulverulentus Hald 297

tessellatus Hald 295

tigrinus DeG 296

Graphisurus Kirby 331, 332, 334

acomanus 337

angulosus 338

chihuahuae 337

INDEX.

393

Graphisurus despectus Lee 333

fasciatus DeG 33 1. 332, 333

floridanus 336

laticollis 341

nodosus Fabr 340

obliquus Lee 337

obsoletus Oliv 331, 335

pacificus 338

princeps Walk 339

pusillus Kirby. . .331, 332, 336, 388

sedulus 337

spectabilis Lee 339

triangulifer Hald 331, 332, 334

vinctus 340

Hammatomerus did 95

Hammoderus amplicollis 295

tessellatus Hald 295

Hapalosalia 200

aurata Horn 201

fragilis 202

Igeviceps 201

lineicornis 201

ruficollis Say 200, 202

scripta Lee 200

sphaericollis Say 200, 202

vibex Newm 200, 201

Hargium Sam 194

Helluomorpha Lap 189

ferruginea Lee 189

languida 190

latitarsis 189

papago 190

texana Lee 189

HIPPOPSINI 354

Holciophorus Lee 95, 96

ater Dej 96, 97

cephalus 98

domitor 98

morionides Chd 95, 99

pollens 97

vancouveri 97

Hyperplatys Hald 323

amnicola 326

aspersa Say 329

binocularis 328

californica Csy. . .' 330

cryptica 327, 330, 387

delicata 327

femoralis Hald 330

frigida 328, 330

lentiginosa 325, 331

maculata Hald 324, 330

montana 325

nigrella Hald 327, 330

robustula 326

variolata 328, 330

vigilans 329

Ipochus Lee 279

catalinse 281

fasciatus Lee 280

globicollis 280

hispidus 279

Ipochus parvulus • • • 280

pinicola 280

pubescens Csy 279

subnitidus Csy 280

Judolia Muls 246, 247, 249

convexa Lee 249

convolvens 250

cordifera Oliv 249

flaviventris Schf 249

gaurotoides Csy 249

impura Lee 249

instabilis Hald 249

pacifica 249

quadrata Lee 249

quadrillum Lee 249

sexmaculata Linn 249

sexspilota Lee 249

trajecta 250

vexatrix Mann 249

Lagochirus araneiformis Linn 304

longipennis Bates 304

obsoletus Thorns 305

parvulus 304

procerus 3°4

Lamia guttata Say 309

macula Say 309

tornator Fabr 379

LAMIIN^E 278

Lebia amnicola 192

debiliceps 192

depicta Horn 191

furcata Lee 191

sonomae 191

Leiopus Serv 310, 323, 332

alpha Say 309, 314

biguttatus Lee 331, 332

cinereus Lee 314, 316

crassulus Lee 316

dentatus 311

fascicularis Harr 311

floridanus Ham 316

haldemani Lee 310

houstoni 315

lateralis Hald 314

mimeticus Csy 315, 316

minuens Ham 316

misellus Lee 313

moderator 314

obscurellus 313

pleuralis 312

punctatus Hald 311

rusticus Lee 311

scapalis 312

schwarzi Ham 316

testaceus 312

texanus 315

timidus 313

vicinus Hald 312

xanthoxyli Shim 311

Leistus analis Dej 45

ferruginosus Mann 45

nigropiceus 45

394

INDEX.

Leptacmseops 219, 230, 257, 271

alticola 239

auricollis 232

basalis Lee 231

cubitalis Lee 234

cuneata 232

dichroma 231

dorsalis Lee 239

elegantula 232

falsa Lee 240

intermedia 236

ligata Lee 239

longicornis Kirby 238

lupina Lee 237

marginalis Lee 239

militaris Lee 235

minima 234

nitidipennis 236

pugetana 237

punctiventris 238, 239

quadriceps 237

quadrinotata 233

spuria Lee 239

subpilosa Lee 235

temporalis 233

tenuis 233

variipes Csy 234, 239

vincta Lee 239

Leptostylus Lee 305, 308, 309

aculifer Say 307

albescens Hald 307

albidus Lee 309

asperatus Hald 307

batesi 307

biustus Lee 316

collaris Hald 306, 309

crescenticus 306, 309

divisus 306, 307

lecontei 305, 309

marginellus Hald 307

mutilus 307

parvus Lee 308

perplexus Hald 309

taeniatus 306

terraecolor Horn 307

yuccavorus Fall 305

Leptura Linn 248, 266

abdominalis Hald 258

americana Hald 256

aspera Lee 271

aurata Horn 201

aureola 268

auripilis Lee 267, 268

behrensi Lee 261

biforis Newm 271

brevicornis Lee 249, 267

canadensis Fabr 251

capitata Newm 256

carbonata Lee 267

chalybea Hald 255

chrysocoma Kirby 267

cinnamoptera Rand 206

Leptura circumdata Oliv 251

coccinea Lee 267

convexa Lee 249

coquilletti Linell 264

cordifera Oliv 249

crassicornis Lee 261

crassipes Lee 261, 263

cribripennis Lee 251

cruentata Hald 258

cubitalis Lee 234

dehiscens Lee 251, 253

deleta Lee 258

dolorosa Lee 267

elegans Hald 258

emarginata Fabr 267

exigua Newm 255

fasciventris Lee 263

flaviventris Schf 249

gaurotoides Csy 249

gigas Lee 267

gnathoides Lee 271

haematites Newm 255

haldemani Csy 251

impura Lee 249

indirecta Newm 257

insignis Fall 205

instabilis Hald 249

lacustris Csy 251

laeta Lee 248, 264, 265

laetifica Lee 251

laurentica 271

lineola Say 257

longicornis Kirby 219

macrocera 270

matthewsi Lee 248, 270

minnesotana 269

molybdica Lee 247, 255

monticola Rand 216

mutabilis Newm 271

nana Newm 255

nigrella Say 267

nigrolineata Bland 267

nitens Forst 264, 265

obliterata Hald 247, 258, 259

octonotata Say 260, 261

pedalis Lee 271

perductor Walk 258

plagifera Lee 258

plebeja Rand 258

praestans 267

propinqua Bland 258, 259

proteus Kirby 219, 240

proxima Say 269

pubera Say 257

quadrata Lee 249

quadricollis Lee 271

quadrillum Lee 249

rhodopus Lee 255

rubida Lee 2^7

rubrica Say 251

rufibasis Lee 255

ruficeps Lee 255

INDEX.

395

Leptura ruficollis Say 200, 202

sanguinea Lee 251

scalaris Say 248, 272

scripta Lee 200

serpentina Csy 264

sexmaculata Linn 247, 249

sexspilota Lee 249

similis Kirby 255

soror Lee 258, 260

sphaericollis Say 200, 202

spuria Lee 239

subargentata Kirby 255

subhamata Rand 258

tribalteata Lee 248, 264

vagans Oliv 247, 251, 253

valida Lee 205

velutina Oliv 248

vexatrix Mann 249

vibex Newm 200, 201

vitiosa Lee 258, 259

vittata Oliv 247, 257

xanthogaster Lee 263

Lepturges Bates 317, 322, 323, 341

angulatus Lee 318

canus 317

celtis Schf 320

confluens Hald 318

facetus Say 322

pictus Lee 318

querci Fitch 321

regularis Lee 319

signatus Lee 320

subglaber 319

symmetricus Hald 318

tenebrosus 320

tristis 321

LEPTURINI 193

Liodicaelus evanescens 154

flohri Bates 154, 155

Iffivipennis Lee 155

suffusus 155

Lochmaeocles Bates 350

marmoratus 351

tessellatus Thorns 351

LONGICORNIA 193

Lophoglossus Lee 143

bispiculatus 146

haldemani Lee 144

illini 145

scrutator Lee 145

strenuus Lee 144

tartaricus Say 144

vernix 146

Mecas Lee 360

brevicollis 362

cana Newm 360

cineracea 361

cinerea Newm 360

femoralis Hald 360

inornata Say 360

marginella Lee 361

pergrata Say 360, 361, 373

Mecas ruficollis Horn 362

saturnina Lee 360, 361

senescens Bates 360

vitticollis 363

Megaleptura 267

MESOSINI 299

Microgoes oculatus Lee 298

tenuicornis 298

Moneilema Say 281

annulata Say 282

appressa Lee 283

armata Lee 290

constricta 285

corrugans 284

cylindricollis 283

demissa 282

femoralis 288, 291

gigas Lee 290

grylliceps 287, 289

laevigata Bland 289

microsticta 283

nubecula 282

opaca 289

ovipennis 284

pimalis 285

pleuralis 287

pollens 286

rector 287, 290

simplicicornis 286, 290

solida 288, 291

spinicollis Csy 286

subrugosa Bland 289

uteana 285

MONOCHAMINI 291

Monochamus Serv 291

acutus Lac 294

angusticollis 292

carolinensis Oliv 292

clamator Lee 292, 294

confusor Kirby 293

dentator Fabr 292

fautor Lee 294

maculosus Hald 292

marmorator Kirby 294

marmoratus Rand 294

minor Lee 292

monticola 293

mutator Lee 293, 294

notatus Drury 293

obtusus Csy 293, 294

oregonensis Lee 292, 294

resutor Kirby 293, 294

scutellatus Say 293

strenuus 293, 294

titillator Fabr 292

Nebria Latr 47

arkansana 52

brevis 55

catenata 49

columbiana 48

cuneata 50

expansa 56

396

INDEX.

Nebria gregaria Fisch 47, 49

incerta S3

ingens Horn 47, 48

lacustris 56

metallica Fisch 47, 51

mobilis 50

obliqua Lee 47, 53

obtusa Lee 53

oregona 52

ovipennis Lee 48

pallipes Say 47, 55

purpurata Lee 50

tenuipes 51

testaceipes 54

texana 54

trifaria Lee 49

virescens Horn 47, 55

Notiophilus Dum 46

chihuahuas 47

evanescens 47

Nyssodrys Bates 309

deleta Bates 310

Nyssodrysina 309

haldemani Lee 310

Oberea Muls 364

amabilis Hald 367

appalachiana 367

basalis Lee 370

bimaculata Oliv 370

delicatula 368

dolosa 371

exilis 368

ferruginea 366

filum 369

gracilis Fabr 372

intermedia 367

insignis 370

iowensis 370

mandarina Fabr 367

montana 369

ocellata Hald 371

pallida 366

perspicillata Hald 369

plagiata 371

plumbea Oliv 372

praelonga 368

pruinosa 365

quadricallosa Lee 365

ruficollis Fabr 372

schaumi Lee 365

tripunctata Swed 367, 370

Odontonyx Steph 159

Olisthopus Dej 168

brevicornis 171

cinctus Say 168, 170

filicornis 171

innuens 170

iterans 170

micans Lee 172

parmatus Say 168, 170

pictus 169

pusio 171

Omophron brevipenne Csy 45

fontinale 41

f rater 41

gilae Lee 44

iridescens 41

list of 44

obliteratum Horn 42

pallidum Csy 44

pimale 44

robustum Horn 45

sonorae Csy 42

subimpressum 43

utense 43

Omus Esch., species of i, 2

andouini Reiche 2

borealis Csy 3

humeroplanatus W. Horn 3

lugubris Csy 3

mimus Csy 3

oregonensis 2

parvicollis Csy 4

parvulus 2

procerus Csy 4

sequoiarum Cr 3

sierricola 3

spissipes 3

Oncideres Serv 350, 352

cingulatus Say 353

quercus Skin 352

pallescens 353

praecidens 354

putator Thorns 354

subtropicus 353

tessellatus Thorns 35 1

texanus Horn 353, 354

trinodatus 352

ONCIDERINI 350

Ophistomis Thorns. .. .248, 260, 272, 275

bicolor Swed 278

carolinae 277

evanescens 276

eversa 277

fulvicornis Bates 248

laevicollis Bates 260

luteicornis Fabr 277

montana Csy 275

ochreipennis 278

texana 275. 276

sexnotata Hald 275

ventralis Horn 247, 260

Ortholeptura 204

insignis Fall 205

oculea 204

valida Lee 205

Pachyta discoidea Hald 240

monticola Rand 216

spurca Lee 217

thoracica Hald 217, 240

Paraclytus Csy 387

Parallelina 247, 255, 257

campanifera 256

chalybea Hald 255

INDEX.

397

Parallelina exigua Newm 255

filicornis 255

haematites Newm 255

molybdica Lee 255

nana Newm 255

rhodopus Lee 255

rufibasis Lee 255

ruficeps Lee 255

similis Kirby 255

subargentata Kirby 255

Parapachyta 216

spurca Lee 217

Pardalisia funeraria Bates 302

Parmena villosa Bates 281

Pasimachus Bon 75

acomanus 87

acuminatus 88

ambiens 90

angustulus 84, 91

assimilis Lee 77, 91

atronitens 89

brevitarsis 76

californicus Chd 86

carolinensis 82

cephalotes 87

champlaini 82

corpulentus Lee 87, 92

costifer Lee 86, 92

crassus 81

depressus Fabr 81

duplicatus Lee 85, 92

elongatus Lee 84, 91

evanescens 84, 91

floridanus 79

limbatus Zimm 81

marginatus Fabr 80, 91

mexicanus Gray 92

morio Lee 82

obesus 88

oblongus 77

obsoletus Lee 89, 92

opacipennis 80

perpolitus 91, 92

pimalis 84, 91

punctulatus Hald 83

robustus 78, 91

sinuatus 83

strenuus Lee 78, 91

sublaevis Beauv 77

subnitens 79

substriatus Hald 75

subsulcatus Say 79, 91

transversus 86

validus Lee 87

vegasensis 85, 91

vernicatus 85, 91

vestigialis 89, 92

viridans Lee 90, 92

Pelophila shermani 45

Peristethus Lee 136

Philophuga Mots 173

amcena Lee 173, 176

Philophuga caerulea 174

canora 174

lauta 175

puella 176

subcordata Chd 174, 176

viridicollis Lee 174

viridis Dej 175

Phaea Newm 386

Phrissolaus Bates 335

Phytoeciini 358

Piesmus monedulus Germ 143

submarginatus Say 143

Pcecilus Bon 136

chalcites Say 137

cyaneus Lee 137

fraternus Say 137

lucublandus Say 136, 137

manhattanis Csy 137

pimalis 138

sayi Brul 137

snowi 137

texanus Lee 137

POGONOCHERINI 345

Pogonocherus Latr 345

alaskanus Schf 348, 349

arizonicus Schf 346, 349

carinatus 346

emarginatus 347

fastigiatus 348

mixtus Hald 348

parvulus Lee 346

penicillatus Lee 346, 349

salicola 347

simplex Lee 348, 349

Pristodactyla Dej 159

arizonica 160

convexa 160

dubia Lee 161

impunctata Say 160

semirufa 161

zuniana 161

Promecognathus Chd 93

contractus 94

corpulentus 94

crassus Lee 94

debilis Csy 93

grandiceps 94

Iffivissimus Dej 93

Psapharochrus Thorns 301, 302

cornutus Bates 302

guatemalensis 303

histrio 302

quadrigibbus Say 301, 302

sylvanus Bates 303

Psenocerus Lee 279

Pterostichus Bon 95

adoxus Say 129, 130

adstrictus Esch 140

amethystinus Dej 102, 109

angustus Dej 125, 126

annosus 122

appalachius Horn 132, 133

398

INDEX.

Pterostichus arcanus 103

arizonensis Schf 129

barbarinus 116

breviusculus 105

brunneus Dej 104

bucolicus 115

californicus Dej 109, 113

caligans Horn 125, 126

canallatus 120

castaneus Dej 109

castanipes Men 121

chalcites Say 137

complanatus Dej 144

congestus Men 117, 120

coracinus Newm 133, 135

corusculus Lee 133

crenicollis Lee 105

crucialis 126

cuneatulus 108, 109

cupidus 114

cyaneus Lee 137

diabolus 120

diligendus Chd 131, 132

elongatus Schf 126

erebeus 134

esuriens 122

fallax Dej 136

fontinalis no

fraternus Say 137

fuchsi Schf 128

gliscans 119

gracilior Lee 124

gregalis 121

haldemani Lee 144

hamiltoni Horn 136

herculaneus Mann 107

horni Lee 124

humboldti 114

humilis 128

inanis Horn 125

inermis Fall 117

isabellae Lee 118

jacobinus 118

jejunus 104

laborans 116

lacertus 123

longicollis Lee 126, 129

longicollis Mots 124

longulus Lee in

lucublandus Say 136, 137

luczoti Dej 138, 141

mancus Lee 132

manhattanis Csy 137

menetriesi Mots 117

metlakatlae 102

mimus 105

miscellus 115

morionides Chd 95

novellus 102, 109

oblongiusculus Mots 140

oblongonotatus Say 140

obsidianus. . 102

Pterostichus occultus 112

ordinarius 116

oregonus Lee 143

osculans Csy 132, 133

ovalipennis 119

ovicollis Schf 129

panticulatus 124

parens 112

pennsylvanicus Lee 139

permundus Say 136

planctus Lee 100, 108

plutonicus 106

probus 133

protractus Lee no, 112

pugetanus 107

pumilis 127

putus 135

rectilatus 106

rejectus Lee 130, 131

sayi Brul 137

scenicus 103

scrutator Lee 145

sculptus Lee 136

sequoiarum 101, 109

seriepunctatus Mann 140

serripes Lee 100

sierranus 124

sphodrinus Lee 129

sponsor 123

spraguei Lee 124

strenuus Lee 144

stygicus Say 133

subarcuatus Lee 131

submarginatus Say 143

suffusus 106

sustentus Lee 131

tahoensis 113

tarsalis Lee 101, 109

tartaricus Say 144

tetricula 130

texanus Lee 137

validus Dej 108

vapidus 134

ventralis Say 135

vicinus Mann 115

vitreus Dej 14°

zephyrus Csy 129, 130, 131

zunianus in

wrangelli 131

Ptychodes abbreviatus Csy 294

trilineatus Linn 294

vittatus Fabr 294

Pyrotrichus Lee 197

cribripennis 198

vitticollis Lee 197. 198

Rhadine Lee 162

anthicoides 167

caudata Lee 168

constricta 165

dissecta Lee 164

euprepes Bates 168

gracilenta 166

INDEX.

399

Rhadine jejuna Lee 166

larvalis Lee 168

leptodes Bates 168

longipes 167

myrmecodes Horn 168

nivalis Horn 163

perlevis 168

sublustris 164

umbra 163

Rhagium Fabr 194

boreale IQS

californicum 195

cariniventre 196

crassipes 195

inquisitor Linn 194

lineatum Oliv 196

mexicanum 197

montanum 197

parvicorne 195

thoracicum 196, 197

Saperda Fabr 358

concolor Lee 359

dubiosa Hald 359

imitans Jout 35§

inornata Say 360

lateralis Fabr 359

mecasoides 359

tridentata Oliv 358, 359

trifasciata 359

vestita Say 359

Spalacopsis Newm 354

costulata 355

filum Chev 358

grandis Chev 358

pertenuis 357

scapalis 355

stolata Newm 357

suffusa Newm 356

suturalis Ham 356, 358

texana Csy 356

Stenocorus Fabr 205, 248

apiciventris 211, 215

ater Leng 215

atratus Hald 215

aureatus 213

brevicollis 214

cinnamoptera Rand 206

cylindricollis Say 215

dentipennis Hald 215

flaccidus 212, 215

flavolineatus Lee 208

gilvicornis 213

hesperus 210

lateralis Csy 208

nubifer Lee 207

obtusus Lee 215

oregonensis 214

pacificus 209

parviceps 210

rufipennis 212, 215

schaumi Lee 206

sericatus 213

Stenocorus subpinguis 213

tenellus 210

trivittatus Say 208

truncatulus 211, 215

vestitus Hald 214, 215

virgatus Lee 209

vittiger Rand 208

Strangalepta 247, 257

indirecta Newm 257

keeni 257

lineola Say 257

pubera Say 257

rubida Lee 257, 258

vittata Oliv 257

Strangalia Lee 246, 248, 275

Strangalia Serv 247, 258, 272

abdominalis Hald 258

cruentata Hald 258

deleta Lee 258

elegans Hald 258

idahoensis 259

minuscula 260

obliterata Hald 258, 259

perductor Walk 258

plagifera Lee 258

plebeja Rand 258

propinqua Bland 258, 259

regularis 259

soror Lee 258, 259

subhamata Rand 258

vitiosa Lee 258, 259

Strangalina Auriv 275

Strophiona 248, 264

bellina 265

la?ta Lee • 264, 265

nitens Forst 264, 265

ostenta , . 265

reducta 266

tigrina 266

Synaphoeta Lee 299

annulata 300

brevicollis 300

guexi Lee 300

humeralis 299

Tetraopes Serv 373

amnicola 383

annulatus Lee 378

arator Germ 376

atrisetosus 383

basalis Lee 374, 385

brevisetosus 381

canescens Lee 378

canteriator Drap 376

coccineus 382

collaris Horn 385

discoideus Lee 375

elegans Horn 376

femoratus Lee 383

fontinalis 378

fortis 384

humeralis 379, 385

junctus 380

400

INDEX.

Tetraopes mancus Lee 374, 385

monticola 384

nanulus 376

nigricollis 376

nigripes 377

obsoletus 382

omissus 377

oregonensis Lee 374, 385

punctipennis 383

quinquemaculatus Hald. . . .377, 385

robustus 381

ruber 384

spissicornis 384

sublaevis 382

tetrophthalmus Forst 379, 385

texanus Horn 385

uteanus 379

vegasensis 380

velutinus 380

vestitus 378

TETRAOPINI 373

Tetrops canescens Lee 386

expurgata 386

jucunda Lee 386

monostigma Hald 386

Thesalia Csy 198, 199

lisa Leng 198, 199

rubriceps 198

Toxotopsis 206

Toxotus Serv 305

ater Leng 315

cinnamopterus Rand 206

croceus Leng 206

cylindricollis Say 215

flavolineatus Lee 208

lateralis Csy 208

nubifer Lee 207

obtusus Lee 214

schaumi Lee 216

trivittatus Say 208

vestitus Hald 214

virgatus Lee 209

Toxotus vittiger Rand 208

Trachysida 271

Triodoclytus 387

Tylocerina 335

Tylosis bifasciata Csy 387

Typocerus Lee 246, 248, 272, 275

acuticauda 274

badius Newm 272

balteatus Horn 272

brunnicornis Lee 272

caligans 273

confluens 272

lugubris Say 272

lunatus Fabr 272

sinuatus Newm 272

sparsus Lee 272

thoracicus 274

velutinus Oliv 272, 273, 274

zebra Oliv 272

Urographis Horn 331, 334

fasciata DeG 332, 333

hebes 332, 333. 334

reducta 333

triangulifera Hald 334

Valenus Csy 322, 335

Xestoleptura 248, 260, 264

behrensi Lee 261

columbica 261

corusca 248, 261, 262-

crassicornis Lee 261, 262

crassipes Lee 260, 261, 263,

fasciventris Lee 263

muliebris 263

octonotata Say 260, 261

shastana 263

vancouveri 263

xanthogaster Lee 263

Xylotrechus cylindrus Csy 387

diruptus Csy 3&7

L-, obliteratus Lee 387

salebrosus Csy 387

Issued November jo,