,6?-W4^^ ^•186'i DATE DUE 1 UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY S 73 no. 385-468 1921-27 BULLETIN No. 385. JANUARY, 192 1 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTUIUL EXPEKIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, jr ft. Above sea level, ^yj.j ft. Height oj Wind Instruments y 2 ft. Time used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.56, 19th, 10 A Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.10, 15th, i a Reduced maximum reading . 30.90, agih, loA Reduced minimum reading, 29.40, 15th, i a Mean semi-daily reduced 30.111 Monthly range 1.50 *Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 50.0, 2d, 3 p Lowest -6.0, 19th, 7 A Mean hourly 26.6 Mean of means of max. and min 26.8 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 22.5 Monthly range 56.0 Highest mean daily 43.6, 20 Lowest mean daily 4.0, igth Mean maximum 36.8 Mean minimum 16.7 Mean daily range 20.1 Greatest daily range 35.5,20th Least daily range 5.0, 30th HnmldKy. Mean dew point 16.6 Mean force of vapor 147 Mean relative humidity 72.2 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 2.( 'i'otal snow, in inches Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell Days of Sleighing, 5 •Temperature in ground shelter. "Reduced to freezing and sea-level. wiua. Total movement 5616 m Greatest daily movement 465m, 25th Least daily movement 41111 1st Mean daily movement 181 m Mean hourly velocity 7-5 m Maximum pressure per square foot, lo.o lbs = 45m per hour, 17th, 12M, W.N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m ijer hour, 17th, 9 A, W.N.W. Prevailing direction. West. Summary. North Northwest I. . . 13 per cent. West Northwest 13 " " South Southwest 26 "' " Northwest 13 " " West 16 " " Other directions 19 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 42 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 127 hours = 43 per cent. Number of clear days 10 Number of fair days 11 Number of cloudy days 10 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 167 hrs, = 57 per cent. Rain. 1st, 2d, 5th. 7th, 14th, 21st, 23d, 30th, 31st. Snow, 7th, 14th, I7t!i, 2oth. 30th, 31st. Gales, 45m. 17th, W.N.W.; 43ni, iSth, N.W. 36m, 23d, W.X.W., 37ni, 24tli. N,\\ . DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. B e Minimum. Mean. Semi-daily S 3 E Temperature. Ground Shelter. S x' c 11 rt.S sua » s 3 S o 61 I 3028 30.02 30227 2 30.02 2962 29737 3 29.98 2977 29.925 4 30 12 29.83 29975 S 2983 29.59 29 684 6 30.18 2971 30007 7 30.24 2991 30.125 8 29,97 29.72 29.800 9 3034 29.97 30.234 10 30-37 30 22 30.293 II 30.22 30.06 30.120 12 30.19 29.99 30.059 13 3053 30 19 30440 14 30.41 29 4 f 29.820 'S 29.83 29.40. 29656 16 30.02 29.67 29.880 17 3044 29.67 30.078 18 3081 30-44 30.701 19 30.90 30.78 30.852 20 30.78 30.14 30350 21 30.19 29.99 30 096 22 30-15 3001 30.067 23 30.01 2968 29774 24 3009 2990 29.949 25 30.29 30.09 30.186 26 3045 30.29 30.380 27 30.46 30.25 30-334 28 3037 30. 28 30318 29 30-34 30.09 30.198 30 30.09 29.91 29.954 31 30-39 29.99 30.215 38.0 50.0 44 5 47.0 42.0 370 31.0 41 o 370 37 5 37.0 350 25.0 480 47.0 38.0 340 13.0 185 41.0 490 48.5 43-5 29.0 15-5 26.0 38.0 405 390 36.0 34-5 12 p 3 P 3 1^ 3 P 3 P 12 M 4 P 3--30 P 3 P 2:30 p 3 P 3P 4 P I r P ' : o A 2:30 P 2:30 A 2:30 P 5 P 12 P 12 P O A 12 M O A 2:30 P 4 P 4 P 4 P 3:30 P 2 P 3 A 4-5 7 A 38 0 C A 32.0 12 P 29 0 9A 30.5 9A 255 12 P 14.5 9A 2b.5 3:30 A (9.0 12 P 95 7 A 130 7:30 A 185 12 P 70 7:30 A 17.0 0 A 28.0 12 P 255 8:30 A 9.0 12 P -30 12 P -6.0 7A S-5 0 A 36.0 8 A 275 10:30 p 28.0 0 A 30 12 P -2 s 6 A 5.0 4A 3-0 2:30 A 12.5 4 A 180 7:30 A 31.0 7 A 14.0 II P 21.3 44.0 3&-3 380 36.3 31 3 22.7 33-7 28.0 235 25.0 26.7 i6p_ 32.5 37-5 31.7 21.5 5-0 63 233 425 380 35 7 16.0 6.5 155 _20 5 26.S 28.5 33-5 24.3 22.7 197 43 t> 40.0 39-1 32.5 37 <^ 32.5 ,3b-3 32.5 33^ 28.7 24.1 205 30-3 26.3 29 b 24.7 22 3 16.0 26.9 20.3 295 26 0 1S.8 I I.O 27.7 327 34-9 29.0 3(.o 260 205 16.3 4.2 I 0 4.0 '•5 24.0 235 42.0 35-7 37 5 32.5 350 3'.3 21. 1 15.7 t>.3 3.7 13.4 8.5 i«3 12.3 263 20.0 29 I 23.5 330 3> 7 25.« 20.7 6.3 50 8.1 5-4 0.8 1.2 6.1 34 7.4 6.5 8.0 31 8.2 0.0 0.4 7.6 7.0 8.9 8.8 06 1.0 0.0 5-9 6.7 8.9 9.' 8.8 9.0 «-3 1.7 4.5 ijMlVER ^,!TY OF r r^ l\^ilHERST, MASS. DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. F recipitation. 1^ Total in Q 0 a. rt > |.i S - S 3 CT 0. bi c c bi Inches. J. c *^ c « c t:'- S tj a *J"' ■" t^X (/) i^ V c if a rt 5 1:2 "1 fcj (U D 3 HS.S rt S I, «5 0 >T3 C tl >. rt = til :: rt ••< C n «o ^ o »> «, 3 C s£ s£ 2:^:2: Wind. a,a HS.5 32!3 ■^^^■ rt OJ I. 2a, a. SX Precipitation. Total in Inches. I -2.5 .069 58.5 2 14-5 .118 81.5 3 23 0 •173 72.5 4 12.5 •137 62.5 S 30-5 .196 «.s-.s 6 27-5 .222 69-5 7 24.0 •173 74.0 8 '55 .140 65.0 9 130 .144 70s lO 2S-S .183 77-5 II 26.0 .168 84.5 12 9.0 .114 62.0 M 9.0 .III 68.5 '4 14-5 .146 67.S '.S 9.0 .114 64.5 i6 24.0 .224 62.5 •7 24.0 .212 62.0 i8 12.5 .140 58.0 '9 12.5 •132 61.0 20 14.5 .124 70.5 21 7.0 .100 62.0 22 14.5 .144 63.0 2.3 27-5 .203 73-0 24 12.0 .130 60.5 2S -7-5 .063 530 26 S-S .101 68.0 27 26.5 .180 81.5 28 29.5 .210 77-5 N.N.E. N.N.E. w.s.w. W.N.W W.S.W. W.N.W. W.S.W. N. N.N.E. N.N.E. N. N. N.N.W. W. N.N.W. s.s.vv. N.W. N.W. W.S.W. N. N. N.N.E. S.W. N.W. W.N.W. W.N.W. N.W. N. 93 31 120 135 51 197 103 135 33 42 III 90 48 239 i'5 99 337 27S 79 198 275 76 215 282 72 27 96 258 0.0 0.0 30 1-5 0.0 3-5 2.0 2-5 0.0 0.0 1.5 I.O I.O 10.5 2.0 1-5 8.0 5.0 05 5-0 4-5 0.0 5-5 2-5 0.0 0.0 I.O I -5 24 17 26 20 22 17 14 14 46 20 17 40 32 10 32 30 33 22 11 p I A 12 M I A 12 M 8 P 6 p 5 P 5 P 1 A 12 P 2 P I A 11 A 12 P 8 A II A I P II P 6 A 8 p O A 5 P 9A 5 A O A 12 P 2 A 10 P 10 P 12 P 8 A •15 .08 .16 .06 •53 •97 •03 il 6h ••Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month, while generally seasonable, was more pleasant than usual at this time of year. There was but little extremely cold weather and a comparatively small wind movement. The amount of sunshine was above the normal and the precipitation rather small. The most noticeable feature was the large snowfall on the 20th, which, however, was not as large as the snowstorm of Feb. 5 — 6, 1920. Comparing the records of the several weather elements with their normals, the following features of interest are shown: The mean barometer was rather high and the range of pressure much smaller than usual. The total wind movement was only about three-fourths of the normal owing to the rather steady barome- ter. Most of the wind was from the northerly points of the com- pass. Only two moderate gales were recorded. The mean temperature was more than three and one-half de- grees above the normal, making it a comparatively mild month. A few hours of zero weather was noted near the end of the month. The maximum and minimimi temperatures were both about four degrees higher than their normals, leaving the range practically normal. The mean dew point was nearly normal and the relative hu- midity rather low. The total precipitation was about three-fourths of the usual amount and most of it occurred as snow. There was from fair to poor sleighing during about one-half of the month. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. W. POOLE, Observer. BULLETIN No. 387. MARCH. 192 1 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGIIICULTUIUL EXPEKIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, ^yj.j ft. Height oj Wind Instrulnents ^2 ft. Time used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.34, 23d, 8 A Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.35, 28th, 4 p Reduced maximum reading . 30^5, 23d, 8a Reduced minimum reading, 29.64, 28th, 4 p Mean semi-daily reduced 30-i5i Monthly range i-oi *Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 79.5,21st, II A Lowest 16.0, 5th, 6 a; 19th 6 a Mean hourly 42.7 Mean of means of max. and min 42.5 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 37-9 Monthly range 63.5 Highest mean daily 61.3. 21st Lowest mean daily 24.5, 5th Mean maximum 53-3 Mean minimum 3' -8 Mean daily range 21.5 Greatest daily range 42.0, 28th Least daily range 6.0, 8th Hnmidity. Mean dew point 32.9 Mean force of vapor 274 Mean relative humidity 72.4 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3.57 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 16 •Temperature in ground shelter. ••Reduced to freezing and sea-level. Wind. Total movement 6486 m Greatest daily movement 3S8m, 25th Least daily movement 45m 8tli Mean daily movement 209m Mean hourly velocity 8.7 ni Maximum pressure per square foot, 12.5 lbs = 50m per hour, 29th, 2 A, N. Maximum velocity for 5 miViutes, 2Sm per hour, 29th, I A, N. Prevailing direction. West Southwest. Summary. South Southwest 36 per cent. North 13 " Northwest 10 " North Northwest ....'.... 10 " West Southwest 10 " Other directions 21 " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 59 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 164 hours = 44 per cent. Number of clear days 7 Number of fair days 12 Number of cloudy days 12 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 207, = 56 per cent. Rain, 2d, 3d, 5th. 6th, 7th, 8th, gth, 12th, 13th, 15th, i6th, 19th, 20th, 24th, 25th, 26th, 28th, 31st. Thnnder and L,i c0 ■Si a. c bi Inches. 1 n Q nl5 S > (U HS.5 rt S I. 20.0, £ 3 B c So V OQ c c W c * 0 e in I 260 .228 61.5 w.s.w. 131 10 14 2 A 2 32.0 .250 74.0 s.s.vv. 151 3-0 24 3P 7 P 8p T 3 330 .251 76 0 s. 94 1-5 17 I A 8a 10 A .10 4 '4 5 .138 63.0 N.N.VV. 348 5-5 33 I P 5 IS.5 .149 69.5 s.s.w. 148 1-5 •7 5 P 6p 12 P .20 6 34-0 .291 69.0 s.s.w. 209 35 26 I p 0 A 12 M .10 7 34-0 .238 83^5 N. 96 2.0 20 10 A 4A 7 A .08 8 31-5 .224 805 N.E. 45 0.0 — — 4 A 6 A .08 9 50.0 •399 890 ss.w. 229 6.0 35 5 P 2 A 12 P •55 10 25-5 .218 64.5 N.W. 287 5.0 32 10 A [I 300 .226 74 5 S.S.W. 287 35 26 5 P 12 37-5 .290 79^5 S.S.W. 222 '•5 17 II p 10 p 12 P .20 '3 340 .279 69.5 N.W. 178 25 22 2 p 0 A 4 A .28 '4 24.0 .227 58.0 N. 49 0.0 — — '5 3«-5 •314 76 0 S.S.E. 103 0 0 — — 3A 5 A .01 [6 3«-5 .298 780 W.N.W. 244 4.0 28 II p 4 A 7 A .04 '7 3' 0 .274 63 0 W.S W. 246 50 32 II p i8 19.5 .167 63 0 N.W. 370 7.5 39 4 P ■9 16 0 .180 57-5 S.S.W. 215 45 30 3P 10 P 12 P .07 20 51.0 •532 74.0 SS.W. 289 4.0 28 9P 6p 7 P T 21 470 ■465 69.5 N.N.W. 359 7-5 39 4 P 22 2S.0 .215 695 N.N.W. 364 6.5 36 10 A 23 26.0 .207 675 s.w. '23 2.0 20 10 P 24 330 .266 72.0 s.s.w. 157 3° 24 12 M 2 p 12 P .40 25 52.0 .442 88.5 s.w. 388 9.0 42 5 A 0 A 6 A .41 26 430 326 85-5 N. 70 4.0 28 I P 8 A I P .28 27 49 5 .407 87.5 S.E. 55 0.0 -- — 28 43 5 •353 82.5 W.S.W. 280 5-5 33 3 P 5 P 9P .27 29 13.0 .140 58.5 N. 364 12.5 50 2 A 30 23-5 .164 66.0 S.S.W. 158 5^o 32 6p 3« 43-5 .344 85.S S.s.w. 227 8.5 41 5 P 9A 12 P .50 'Kain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was abnormal in several respects and furnished some interesting records. The most noticeable features were the high temperature at the equinoctial period, when summer heat was registered, and the rapid fall in temperature on the 28th- 29th, when a drop of 56 degrees occurred in fifteen hours. The month, taken as a whole, was much more like April than March, and the season was fully three weeks in advance of normal conditions when the month closed. There was no snow during the month and most of the frost had left the ground soon after the month opened. The mean barometer was abnormally high and the range of pressure quite small for the time of year. Changes in pressure were quite marked however, and the resulting wind movement was con- siderably more than the normal. The prevailing wind direction from the southwest quadrant was rather unusual for this station. The mean hourly temperature was more than eight degrees higher than usual, making it the warmest March on our records. The temperature record for March, 1903, was, however, almost as high. The maximum temperature was more than seventeen degrees higher than the average value for March, and was the highest since 1907. The minimum temperature was more than ten degrees above the normal for this feature. On the 28th the temperature fell 35 degrees in five hours. The mean dew-point was nearly seven degrees higher than usual and the relative humidity was below the normal. The total precipitation was about five-sixths of the normal and was well distributed throughout the month. The amount of sunshine was comparatively large. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. W. POOLE, Observer. BULLETIN No. 388. APRIL. 192 1 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGUICULTUIUL EXPElllMKNT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above grounti, ^i ft. Above sea level., 2jj.§ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J2 ft. Time used, y^ihAIer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressnie. In inches. Maximum rednced to freezing, 30.26, 7th, 12 m Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.22, 30th, 10 v Reduced maximum reading . 30.56, 7th, 12M Reduced mininuim reading, 29.51, 30th, 10 p Mean semi-daily reduced 3o.o55 Monthly range 1.05 *Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest S5.0, 6th, 4 P Lowest 25.5, 2d, 7 A Mean hourly 5i-5 Mean of means of max. and min 52.0 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 46.4 Monthly range 59 Highest mean daily 64.6. 5 th Lowest mean daily 36.5, nth Mean ma-ximum 63 Mean minimum 40 2 Mean daily range 23.6 Greatest daily range 44.0, Dth Least daily range 6.0, 15th Hnmidity. Mean dew point 43.2 Mean force of vapor 3S4 Mean relative humidity 76.9 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 6.47 Total snow, in inches 1.0 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 13 •Temperature in ground shelter. ••Reduced to freezing and sea-level. Wind. Total movement 4S67 m Greatest daily movement 320m, 12th Least daily movement 43ni 8th Mean daily movement 162m Mean hourly velocity 6.7 m Maximum pressure per square f(K)t, 6.5 lbs = 36m per hour, 3d/ i a, \V.; 15th, 10 A, S Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per hour, iSth, 10 A, S. Prevailing direction, North Northeast. Summary. North 17 percent North Northeast 10 " " East 13 " " East Southeast 10 " " South Southwest 20 " " Southwest 10 " " Other directions 20 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 62 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 187 iiours = 46 per cent. Number of clear days 5 Number of fair days 16 Number of cloudy days 9 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 215, = 53 per cent. Rain, 1st, 7th. 8th, 9th, 15th, i6th, 17th, i8th, 19th, 2ist, 22d, 23d, 24tll, 29th,30til. SnoM", l8th. Hail. 18th. Frosts after the 15th, none. Gales. 36m. 3d, W.: 36m, i:;th, S. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to < E s S c E s V E B S 'c a) E 1 i c 2 ct; 0" i" Q S S s H i H S2S 4; 0 L; 2« I 30.17 2981 30.028 50.0 4 P 320 12 P 41 0 41-5 36-7 8.8 2 30.21 29.9s 30.079 59.0 3P 25-5 7 A 42.3 42.0 34 7 11.5 3 30.35 29.96 30-233 65.0 3P 39.0 6 A 52.0 52.8 45-7 11.8 4 304' 3023 30.325 71.0 3'-30 P 36.0 7 A 53-5 538 44-5 95 S 30-33 3021 302S2 82.5 3:30? 46.0 7 A 64.3 64.6 55.0 10.8 6 3043 30.14 30.252 85.0 4P 41.0 7 A 63 0 61 4 523 11.2 7 30.56 30.43 30.528 46.0 DA 38.0 7 A ^1° 41.2 36.7 0.0 8 30.45 29.88 30.100 55-5 12 P 380 6a 46.7 41 8 43-2 1-7 9 29.91 29.67 29770 72.0 I P 46.0 12 P 59-0 57.2 51.0 4-5 10 30.16 29.91 30045 51-5 I P 32.0 12 P 41.7 42.5 38-7 65 II 30 15 30.04 30.102 465 4P 30.0 4A 38.3 365 32-7 4.3 12 30.1 I 29.96 30.039 61.0 6 P 29.0 7 A 45 -o 46.0 39-7 11.7 13 30.10 29.97 30035 68.0 4:30 P 36.5 5A 52.3 52.3 46.0 8.6 '4 30.19 30.10 30.155 750 2 P 445 6a 59 7 58.8 50-5 8.8 '5 30.17 30.03 30.096 590 6 P 530 3A 56.0 56.3 54-3 0.0 16 30.07 29.80 29.954 705 4P 56.0 12 P 633 60.5 56.0 6.8 17 29.82 29.71 29.763 5S.0 0 A 40.0 12 P 49.0 46.8 42.3 0.0 18 29.92 29.86 29.905 40.0 0 A 335 12 P 36.7 36.7 33-3 0.0 19 29.92 29.S5 29.869 50.0 7 P 32.0 2 A 41.0 41.0 39-0 6.5 20 29.97 2985 29.908 69.5 3 P .30.5 7 A 50.0 52.4 46.7 10.9 2( 30.01 29.88 29.949 76.0 3P 49-0 7 A 62.5 62.0 52.5 8.1 22 30.17 29.93 30078 72.0 2:30 p 46.0 12 P 590 56.9 48-5 6.0 23 30.13 2977 29.899 50.5 1 A 40.0 12 P 45 3 45.2 42-3 0.0 24 30.08 2979 29-937 63.0 4P 39.0 6 A Si.o 49.9 45-3 7-8 25 30.16 30.08 30.109 76.0 4P 35.0 7A 55-5 56.4 52.0 13-I 26 3023 30.16 30227 75.5 4 P 41.5 6 a 58.5 57-5 53.0 13-0 27 30.20 30 13 30.163 ■ 66.0 5 P 44.5 5A 55-3 56.6 54 5 9-1 28 30.15 30.05 30.: 05 74.0 4 P 550 2 A 64.5 64.5 58.0 II. I 29 30.05 2984 29928 68.0 2 P 48.0 6 A 580 59-5 56.5 10. 0 30 29.S3 29-5' 29.787 58.0 3 P 50.0 12 P 54.0 53 4 51.0 2.6 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. Precipitation. fe Total in (U Q . 0 0. > Il E 3 cr 0. c be Inches. t c -*-* c « c ■"•" 'S 0 '^ i>"^ •« U5'/) tri ut V c J: rt .T C S 51 = X in-" ScuEu OJ 3 ~ 0 £ Si •5 w c 0 c if) I 330 .240 77-5 N. 294 3-5 26 8a 0 A 3 A .24 2 2S.5 .244 68.0 s.s.w. 193 5^o 32 5 '^ 3 42.0 ■3f>9 73-0 W.N.W. 283 6.5 36 I A 4 370 •396 59^5 S.VV. 97 15 17 4 P 5 50-5 ■553 67.0 S.W. 148 1-5 '7 9P 6 48.0 .507 69.5 S.S.W. 104 3'" 24 10 p 7 33-5 •235 81.5 E.S.E. 166 1-5 17 6 a 7 P 12 P .02 8 41.5 •309 880 E. 43 0.0 — — 0 A 12 P .42 9 48.5 .422 81.S W.N.W. 206 4.0 28 2 p 0 A 2 P •32 10 35-5 .266 785 N. 181 15 17 n p II 28.5 .207 75^o N. 312 50 32 10 A 12 32.0 .299 64-5 N.W. 320 15 17 2 P '3 42.0 ■387 71.0 S.S.W. 72 0.0 — — '4 47.0 •452 74.0 S.S.W. 161 4.0 28 3P '5 530 •455 87.0 S.S.W. 280 6.5 36 10 A 6a 12 P •57 i6 54-5 .498 86.0 S S.W. 152 2-5 22 7P 0 A 12 P .84 '7 39-5 .295 835 N. 187 2 0 20 12 M 0 A 12 P .64 rS 29.5 .207 79^5 N.N.E. 158 1-5 17 7 A 0 A 12 P •38 I •9 41.5 •346 7S.5 N.N.E. 95 25 22 II A 0 A 3P •03 20 42.0 .409 705 w.s w. 118 2.5 22 5 P 21 485 .478 715 S.W. 104 3-5 26 6 p 8 A 5 P T 22 505 •377 835 E. 130 15 17 4 P ^A T 23 40.0 .289 83^5 N.N.E. 155 5^5 33 4 P 8 A 12 I' •30 24 41.0 •347 75^5 N.N.W. 264 25 22 5 P 0 A 9 A .46 25 47-5 .478 69.0 N. 112 15 17 II A 26 50-5 .470 80.0 E.S.E. 82 I c 14 6p 27 52.0 .489 80.5 E. 104 0.5 10 I p 28 54-5 •579 74^5 E. 132 0.5 10 5P 29 54-5 .521 835 E.S.E. 122 I.O 14 5 P 5P 12 P •15 30 49-5 •397 90.5 NE. 92 I.O 14 1 1 p 0 A 12 P 2.10 'Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The forwardness of the season, so pronounced at the beginning of the month, was fairly well maintained throughout the month. A high mean temperature A\ith ample moisture contributed to the sea- sonal advancement so that the month closed with the season from two to three weeks ahead of normal. The month proved to be the warmest since this station was established in 1889. Going father back in the records for temperature at Amherst it is found that the month was the warmest April since 1878, when the mean tempera- ture was 52.2 degrees. The precipitation was more than twice the normal amount and was larger than any April on our records, excepting only that of 19 1 4. The highest temperature was reached early in the month and no frosts were noted after the middle of the month although there was a considerable fall of snow on the i8th. The mean barometer was considerably above the normal and the range was nearly equal to the average value for this feature. The mean hourly temperature was more than five degrees above the normal and the maximum and minimum were both exceptionally high records. On the 6th, the date of the maximum temperature, the range was 44° which is nearly as large as is sometimes noted for a whole month. The mean clew point was more than 8° higher than usual and the relative humidity about 9 per cent more than the normal. The precipitation record referred to above was greatly augmented by the downpour which occurred on the last day of the month and was still in progress when the month closed. The total wind movement was considerably less than the normal and the prevailing direction of north northeast a very unusual record for this station. The amount of sunshine was nearly normal. J. E. OSTRANUER, Meteorologist. H. W. POOLE, Observer. BULLETIN No. 389. MAY, 192 1 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGKICULTUIUL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' 10" \V. Hei^^ht of barometer aboTe ground, ^t ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments y2ft,_ Time used, y^t/iMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.12, 20th, 7 a Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.41, 9th, 11 a Reduced ma.ximum reading . 30.42, 20th, 7 A Reduced minimum reading, 29.70, 9th, 11 .\ Mean semi-daily reduced 30.010 Monthly range 0.72 In Degrees Fahr. 89.0, 2ISt, 3:30 P *Air Temperature. Highest 22i, 3 P. Lowest 33.0, 12th, 5 A Mean hourly 58-9 Mean of means of max. and min 59.0 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 52.2 Monthly range 56-° Highest mean daily 76.2. 22d Lowest mean daily 46.1, 25th Mean maximum 71.0 Mean minimum 47.0 Mean daily range 24.0 Greatest daily range 37.0, 8th, 21st Least daily range 5.0, 5th Humidity. Mean dew point 50.2 Mean force of vapor 507 Mean relative humidity 75.2 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 4 56 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 9 •Temperature in ground shelter. ••Reduced to freezing and sea-level. Mind. Total movement 4400 m Greatest daily movement 2S6m, 5th Least daily movement 62m 27th Mean daily movement 142m Mean hourly velocity 5.9 m Maximum pressure per square foot, 6.5 lbs = 36m per hour, 9th, 3 p, N. W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per hour, 9th, 3 p, N.W. Prevailing direction, Southwest. Summary. West 13 per cent Northeast 10 " " -South 19 " " South Southwest 10 " " Other directions 48 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 36 jier cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 148 hours = 33 per cent. Number of clear days 16 Number of fair days 10 Number of cloudy days 5 Briijht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 305, = 67 per cent. Rain, ist, 5th. 6th, 13th, Mtli, 15th, 16th, 22d, 23d, 25th, 29th. Thunder and Liiihtninii, 22d, 29th. Frosts, I2th. Gales. 36ni. 9th., N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Hi Sea Level. Tern perature . Ground Shelter S ri S a s '3 is S 3 s c4 V B S 3 £ 'c V c -0 J3 get; 3 3 Ot/) Q s i §^ s H i H 4J 0 j_i 2ffl I 29.87 29.77 29S53 56.5 5 P 41 0 7 A 48.7 48.5 44-3 7-3 2 2990 2982 29.874 67.0 3 P 38.0 6 A 52-5 53 4 47.0 II.O 3 2995 29.S9 29.927 70.0 4P 41.0 6 A 55-5 56.1 51.0 in 4 29.98 29.89 29.942 65.0 I p 48 0 12 P 56.5 565 50.5 II.O 5 30.02 29.94 30 00 r 49-5 5P 445 7:30 A 470 47-5 443 0.0 6 2999 29.81 29 S62 60.0 3P 47.0 12 P 53-5 51.9 465 7.0 7 29.81 29.72 29772 68.0 3 P 41.0 5 A 54-5 H^ 50.0 II. 7 8 2995 29.76 29.859 77.0 4 P 40.0 5:30 A 58.5 58.2 53.5 10.9 9 29.85 2970 29.744 69.5 5 P 47-0 5A 58.3 59-5 54 5 TO.O lO 30.12 29.85 29.936 65.0 4 P 41.5 7 A 53-3 55.0 48.5 I2.S [I 30-34 30.12 30.269 64.0 4 P 42.5 12 P 53-3 52.1 46.5 12.5 12 30.41 30.29 30.359 68.0 3P 330 5A 50.5 52.0 46.5 12.0 13 30.29 30.00 30067 63.0 5 P 52 0 7 A 57-5 57-4 56.7 5.8 '4 30.00 2993 29.982 75-0 5 P 550 5 A 65.0 60.6 57.7 4.6 '5 30.08 29.98 30.025 74.0 3 P 55-5 6a 64.7 64.9 59-0 II. 7 (6 30.10 29.98 30099 67.0 1:30 P 46.5 12 P 567 572 49-5 1 0.0 '7 30.19 30.07 30.139 71.0 4 P 42-5 3:30 A 56.7 568 50.7 13.0 r8 30.2 1 30.09 30.108 73 5 4 P 46.5 5 A 60.0 59-7 53-5 II.O '9 30.37 3021 30337 730 4 P 490 5 A 61 0 60.3 510 12.5 20 30.42 30.22 30.317 77.0 3 P 44.0 5A 60 5 62.0 55-7 12.7 2. 30 26 30.04 30.159 89.0 3:30? 52.0 5 A 70.5 718 64.0 12.8 22 30.04 2975 29799 89.0 3 P 63.0 5 A 76 0 76.2 67.0 11.8 23 30.31 2979 30 008 73-0 0 A 4S.0 12 P 60.5 58.0 550 4.1 24 30.40 30.19 30313 64.5 4 P 4r.o 4:30 a 52-7 529 49-7 12.0 25 30.19 2977 29.909 49-5 6 P 425 3 A 46.0 40.1 45-5 0.0 26 29.96 2976 29.842 79.0 5P 44.5 0 A 6. .7 61.7 563 11.8 27 3005 29.96 30031 84.5 4 P 48.0 5 A 663 655 61.0 13.0 28 30.05 2987 29.963 82.0 4 P 51.0 5A 66.5 67.0 62.5 11.6 29 29.91 29 80 29.S50 70.0 9:30 A 6. .5 12 P 65.7 65.0 63-3 2.7 30 2999 29.90 29.968 81.5 4:30 P 590 5 A 70.3 69.1 63.7 133 31 30.01 29.89 29.996 86.0 3P 52.0 •5 A 69.0 69.3 61.0 13.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Si Su. «) U 3 Wind. £i5 ^j U^ _J_, <" C M V ui = 2^3 Il c . 11 in SJi £ 3 a 0. c bJD Inches. t si Q rt = So. : S5s U t) 3 Sail '5 tl > ^ ^ 3 b« c as 0 B I 470 573 570 N.N.E. 244 4.0 28 9 A 2 50.0 509 70 0 w.s.w. 108 15 17 6 p 3 54.0 567 750 s.s.w. 222 4.0 28 4 P 8 p 9 P T 4 54-5 631 66.5 N N.E. 213 2-5 22 I P S 46.5 482 65.5 N.N.E. 145 2.0 20 12 M 6 S5-0 558 780 N.N,F. 73 0.0 — 6 p 12 p .02 7 555 594 76 0 W. 68 0.0 — 8 58.5 644 755 S.S.W. 87 0.0 — — ^ 9 62.5 628 92.0 s.s.w. 102 r.o 14 9 P 3 P 4 P T 10 60.5 64. 845 ss.w. '43 3-0 24 8 p 1 1 6. .5 699 80.0 s.s.w. 229 4-5 30 3 P 3 A 12 P .02 (2 57-5 736 64.5 ss w. 233 2-5 22 12 M •3 520 609 68. 5 W.N.W. 140 4-5 28 7 P 6a 6 p ■14 '4 43.0 506 550 W. 255 45 30 7 A '5 40.0 572 43-5 N.W. 203 75 39 3 P (6 41.0 554 47 0 N.W. 131 2-5 22 4 P '7 53-0 5'4 79.0 SS.W. 35 0.0 — — 3 A 8 A T i8 5'5 550 70.5 N.N.E. 108 30 24 8 p 7 P 8 p •05 '9 57.0 655 70.5 N.N.E. 143 2.0 20 3 P zo 49-5 644 57.6 N.N.W. 67 0.5 10 6p 21 58.0 772 62.5 N.E. 120 0.5 10 5 A 22 62 5 I 006 56.0 S.W. 52 1-5 17 6 p . 23 67.5 819 83.0 S.W. 94 05 10 12 M 3 P 5 P •05 24 620 930 59 5 E N E. III 15 17 2 P 25 53 5 765 530 N.N.E. 70 0.0 — — 26 59 5 668 76.5 S.S.W. 146 2.0 20 5 A 4 A 9 A .14 27 65.5 78. 82.0 S.W. 69 0-5 10 I P 2 A 12 P •30 28 695 763 94.0 s.s w. 49 0.0 — — 0 A 12 P .10 29 67.0 720 90.5 s. 69 0.0 — — 0 A 12 P 2.60 30 60.0 556 930 N.N.E. 100 05 10 7P 0 A 12 P •45 'Kain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was generally fair and marked by a large amount of sunshine, only three days being recorded as cloudy. The heavy rain which occurred near the last of May was followed by a long dry period as practically no precipitation was noted this month until the last week. On the 29th an exceedingly heavy rainfall occurred which effectively broke the drought. The last week of the month was generally sultry and cloudy. The records of the several elements show the following features of interest : The barometer records were generally normal and pre- sented no features of especial interest. The total wind movement was slightly more than the normal and the large amount from the south southwest and north northeast was very noticeable. There was only a single gale recorded on the wind pressure chart. The mean temperature was practically normal and the maxi- mum temperature nearly five degrees higher than usual. The warmest part of the month was from the 20th to the 26th. The first third of the month was generally cool during the nights. The mean dew point and relative humidity were both slightly lower than their normals. The total precipitation was nearly twenty per cent more than the normal although there was scarcely any before the 26th. Nearly all of the heavy downpour on the 29th occured between 5 p. m. and 10 p. M. The amount of sunshine was more than twenty per cent above the normal. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. A. G. LINDSKOG, Observer. JULY, 192 1 BULLETIN No. 391. Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" \V. Height of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Aboi'e sea level, ^/j.j ft. Height oj Wind histniments J2 ft. 21m e used, y^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 29.92, 24.th, S a Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.37, 31th, 2 P Reduced maximum reading . 30.21. 2}th, 8 A Reduced minimum reading, 29.63, 31th, 2 p Mean semi-daily reduced . 29.977 Monthly range 0.56 Air Temperaiure. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 93-5- 3d, 4 P Lowest 54-5. 23th, 5 A Mean hourly 73-4 Mean of means of max. and min 74.7 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 68.6 Monthly range 39.0 Highest mean daily 80.6. 8th Lowest mean daily 61.8, ist Mean maximum 84.4 Mean minimum 64.9 Mean daily range 19.5 Greatest daily range 33.5 23d Least daily range 6.5,1st Hnmidity. Mean dew point 66.6 Mean force of vapor 798 Mean relative humidity 83.6 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 6.00 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell i •Temperature in ground shelter. •'Reduced to freezing and sea-level. Wind. Total movement 2421 m Greatest daily movement 196m, 28th Least daily movement 13111 4th .Mean daily movement 78m Mean hourly velolsity 3.3™ Maximum pressure per square foot. 4.5 lbs= 30m per hour,i4th,4P,S.S.\V.,i9th9P,S.SW. .Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, i6ni per hour, 2Sth,4P, S. S.W. Prevailing direction. South. Summary. South Southwest 32 per cent .South 23 " " North Northeast 10 " " Other directions 35 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 66 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 177 hours = 38 per cent. Number of clear days 5 Number of fair days 24 Number of cloudy days 2 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 285, = 62per cent. Rain, 1st. 2d, 9th, loth. 14th, 15th, 19th, 20th, 2ith, 2Stli, 29th, 30th, 31st. Thunder and Litihtninii, 5th, Sth, 9th, i5tli, 19th, 20th, 28th, 29th, 3ot)i. 31st. Gales, None DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature . Ground Shelter. S H E s g 'S is >- E s V E H E 3 £ 'c lU E H Mean of Max. and Min. Mean Hourly Draper. Ox 3 3 ffi-M 27.97 29 84 29 92 30.07 30.19 3017 30 10 2998 29.98 30.07 30.12 30 13 3005 29.94 29.95 30 06 30-13 30.12 2997 29.81 30.12 30.20 3018 30.21 30.20 30.11 20.12 29.92 29.84 2988 2983 29.86 29904 64.5 29.81 29836 80.5 29.84 29.898 93-5 29.91 29.924 92.0 30.07 30-158 77-5 30.02 30.095 79-5 29.96 30.033 86.5 29.8s 29.916 93-0 2984 29.926 «5 5 29.97 30.026 79-0 3005 30.100 800 3005 30.098 80.S 29,91 29.990 88.0 29.76 29-«53 880 29.76 29.842 78.0 29.95 30-034 83s 30-05 30.110 87.0 29.96 30.047 S30 2970 29.810 8,.s 29.66 29741 86.5 29.81 30.026 78.0 30 12 30.168 82.0 3012 30.140 880 30.18 30-194 87.5 30.08 30.151 92.0 3006 30.0S2 89.5 29.92 30.022 92.5 2976 29.835 91-5 2977 29 805 81.5 2976 29.761 82.0 29.(55 29-743 83.0 4:30 P 58 0 3 A 61.3 61.8 60.7 SP 61.0 4 A 70.7 693 66.7 4P 65.0 7 A 79-5 77.0 72.0 4P 67 0 6 A 79 5 79 3 71-5 4P 665 6a 720 70 0 635 4:30 P 57-5 5 A 68.5 694 64 0 3:30 P 67.5 5:30 A 77.0 764 72.0 2:30 ? 74-0 3A 83-5 80.6 77.0 3 P 70.5 5:30 A 78.0 74-5 70.3 2:30 P 69 0 6 A 74.0 73-4 71.0 3 P 67-S 4:30 A 73-7 74.6 70.5 4P 705 4 A 75-5 74-1 70.5 4P 70.0 5A 79-0 77-0 72.3 1:30 P 71-5 4 A 79-7 78.2 73-5 II A 64.0 12 P 71.0 7_L.i- 70.0 3:30 P 59-5 5 A 71-5 707 66.0 4:30 P 58.0 6a 72-5 708 64.3 3:30 P 63.0 4 A 730 72.8 66.5 I P 675 12 P 75-5 73-8 71-5 2 P 65.0 5:30 A 76.3 73-8 6S.5 5 P 62.5 12 P 70.3 69 2 63.0 4:30 p 55-5 5A 68.7 68.8 61.5 4:30 P 54-5 5 A 71-3 71.2 637 I p 60.0 5:30 A 737 73-3 657 2:30 p 65.G 5:30 A 78.5 77-6 70-5 1:30 p 67-5 5A 78.5 76.1 72 0 3P 65.0 5:30 A 78,7 790 73-7 2:30 p 725 12 P 82.0 79.1 73-0 12 M 67.0 12 P 74-3 72.3 68.7 5 P 65. 0 6 A 740 72.8 695 2 p 63.0 12 P 730 68.3 61.7 0.0 8.0 I [.I 12-5 10.3 10.6 8.0 8.0 6.3 6.0 6.5 10.2 9-7 8.0 3^. 12.4 1 0.0 8.0 10. 1 8.7 11.5 13.0 I i.o 12. 1 lo.s 12.7 9-2 7.0 II.5 83 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. Precipitation. H Total in Q 0 0. a > Il c V 1/ h5e bi c 'c bl Indies. t •So V i) 3 > - id HS.S rt a; 1. — 0 SB e c bjj 3i m c W c X 0 c in I 59 5 •558 92.0 N.N.E. 98 0.0 _ 0 A 12 P •74 2 65-5 .698 91.5 S.W. 62 0.0 — — 0 A 10 P .92 3 70.0 .892 84.5 N.N.E. 33 0.0 — — 4 68.5 .948 75-5 N.N.E. 13 0-5 10 9 ^ 5 60.5 .690 77-5 S.E. 66 0.0 — 6 61.5 .692 79.0 S. 104 0.0 — — 7 71.0 .847 905 S. 44 0.0 — — 8 76.S ■994 9t-5 S.S.VV. 40 0.0 — — 9 69.0 •794 91.0 S. 70 0-5 10 2 p I A 7 P •55 lO 70.5 .803 930 S.W. 45 0.0 — — 6a 12 P •'7 II 68.0 .852 82.0 S.E. 33 0.0 — — 12 69.0 .824 86.0 S.S E. 45 00 — — '3 705 .875 87.0 S S.W. 86 0.5 10 12 M '4 72.0 .900 880 S.S.W. 181 45 30 4 1^ 2 P 3 P T •5 69.0 .782 92.0 W. 121 1.0 14 I A 4 A 4 P .11 i6 62.0 .809 69.0 N. 73 0 0 — •7 62.0 .687 83-5 VVS.W. 34 0.0 — — i8 64 0 .76S 77-5 S.S.VV. 143 2.0 20 II P '9 70 0 .842 87-5 S.S.W. 188 4-5 30 9P 7 P 12 P •97 20 66.0 .808 80.5 N. 73 I.O 14 5 P 0 A 12 P •36 21 60.5 .662 80.0 N.E. 105 05 10 I p 0 A 10 A •36 22 585 .632 81.0 E.S.E. 49 0.0 — — 23 61.0 .716 77-5 SS.W. 26 0.0 — — 24 62.5 .758 76.0 SS W. 59 1.0 14 5P 25 67.5 .910 75'5 S.S.W. 84 0.5 10 4 P 26 71 0 .870 86.5 SS.W. 84 00 — — 27 72.0 •959 S3.0 S.S.W. 92 0.5 10 5 P 28 71-5 •958 81.0 S. 1 96 4.0 28 5 A 4 P 5P .07 29 6S.5 •731 94-5 S. 56 0.0 — — 0 A 10 p •63.- 30 6S.0 .826 82.0 S. 35 0.0 — — I P 2 p T 3' 58.5 .652 77.0 S. 83 35 26 3P 2 P 4 P 1. 13. •*l1 E E s s s 'S E 3 E E E 3 £ i « i E Mean of Max. and Min. i1^ get; 3 3 d ^ Q S is sj^ s H i 'C, 4) 0 u. sxa 1 s,^^ ^s I 30.05 29.83 29968 72.5 3P 530 5:3c A 62.7 63.2 53-7 130 2 30.05 29.98 30.018 65.0 1:30 p 56.0 5 A 60.5 60.5 59-3 0.0 3 30.08 30.00 30.044 77-5 6p 57-0 2 A 67.3 65.1 56.7 li.4 4 30.18 30.08 30.140 82.0 5:30 P 52.5 2:30 A 673 66.4 58.7 13.2 5 3029 30.15 30.224 83.0 2:30 p 49-5 5 A 663 66.5 59.0 12.7 6 30.19 30.00 30.084 76.0 3--30 ? 53-5 5 A 64.7 66.8 65.7 8.3 7 30.C0 29.79 29871 77-5 3 P 67.0 3A 72.3 708 68.3 3-5 8 30.04 ^9-73 29.886 77.0 2 P 56.0 12 P 66.5 68.9 60.5 11.4 9 30 15 3004 30.120 77.0 4:30 P 5I-5 5"-3o A 64-3 64.1 585 I3-I lO 30 22 30.12 30.187 85. 0 2:30 P 49-5 5:30 A 67-3 67.8 63-3 12 7 11 30.20 29.96 30.100 85.0 3 P 60.5 2:30 A 72.7 72.5 66.7 8-5 12 30.08 29.97 30.012 85.0 3P 67.0 12 P 76.0 74-0 67.5 8-5 '3 30.14 30.01 30.089 81.S 2 p 60.0 5--30 A 70.7 69.6 66.0 9-5 '4 30.01 29.74 29.810 76 0 j:30 p 58.0 12 p 67.0 6S.4 65.0 5.2 '5 30 08 30.07 29.91 29.97 30.016 30.026 74.0 79.0 2:30 p 3--30 P 48.0 51-5 5:30 A 5 A 61.0 653 62.3 53-5 58.7 1.3.0, (6 66.0 12.7 '7 30.03 29.83 29 960 775 2 p 50.5 5 A 64.0 66 I 6, .3 9-1 (8 29.83 29.61 29.680 8,5 12 M 65-5 12 P 73 5 72.2 68.0 8.0 19 29.98 29.81 29.950 82.5 4:30 P 590 5'-30 A 707 69.8 62.7 12.7 20 29.98 29.82 29 900 85.0 2 P 54-0 6 A 69.5 70.3 67.5 9-4 2 1 30.16 29-93 30.126 75-0 4P 54-0 12 P 64.5 653 56.0 12.6 22 30.17 30.13 30.168 72.5 4 P 47.0 6:30 A 59 7 59-5 55-0 12.0 ^3 30.24 30.17 30.214 78.0 5 P 45.0 6a 61.5 59-7 53 5 11.5 24 30.27 30.20 30.248 77.0 I p 48.0 6a 025 61.6 550 u.o 25 30-34 30.24 30.318 77.5 3:30 P 48.5 6 a 63.0 64 1 60.5 12.2 26 30.35 30,24 30.310 77.0 2:30 p 47.0 6a 62.0 62 5 570 II.7 27 30.34 30.23 30.300 79-5 4P 46.0 5--30 A 62.7 62.6 55-3 12.0 28 30.29 30.20 30.251 76.5 3 P 570 I A 66.7 65.0 61.3 10.4 29 30.21 30.01 30.106 88.5 3:30 p 60.5 6:30 A 74-5 72.0 66.0 9.6 30 3001 29.84 29.929 91.0 4 P 67.0 6:30 A 790 78.2 70 0 9-5 31 30.10 29.89 30.014 84-S 1:30 P 67.5 II P 76 0 73-5 660 80 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. t 'recipitation. i^ Total in Q 0 a n! > Il il in as S ^ 3SJ2 a c 'c bi Inches. 1 rt n ■- - V " 0 9J t) 3 > 0) V 3 ~ 0 OJ c c 0 Q s:2 : £U. S^il £5 HS.5 "Scuoi SK H m W X l/i I 46 o 569 545 N.W. 224 S-o 32 10 A 2 57-5 533 90.0 S.S.VV. 62 0.0 — — 3:30 P 5:30P .01 3 5'-5 579 66.5 N.N.E. 68 0.0 — — 4 54.0 622 68.5 E. 72 0.5 10 2 P S 54.0 640 68.5 W.N.W. 76 0.5 10 5P 6 64.5 701 86.5 S.S.VV. 166 2.0 20 10 P 1 1 -.30 P 12 P T 7 67.5 738 90.5 S.S.W. 224 2.0 20 3 A 7:30 A 12 P .66 8 56.5 632 74.0 N.N.W. 168 1-5 17 I p 0 A 6:30 A ■7? 9 53-5 614 68.5 W. "5 1-5 17 12 M 10 56.0 645 72.0 S. 8q I.O 14 6p 1 1 64.0 757 81.5 S.S VV. 178 1-5 17 3 P 12 65.0 768 82.5 W. 166 1.0 14 0 A 3 A 10:30 A .06 '3 64.0 710 845 SS.W. 70 0.5 10 10 P 4 P 8 P •17 '4 63.5 689 855 WS.W. 128 1-5 17 7 P 0 A 5 P .02 '5 47-5 522 64 0 N.W. 209 50 32 12 M i6 53-0 636 64.5 w.s.vv. 173 3-0 24 10 A I? 58.0 650 74.0 S.S VV. 121 0-5 10 II A 8:30 P 12 P .20 i8 655 782 81.0 S.S.W. 172 1.0 14 2 A 0 A 6 p •45 '9 59.0 701 73-5 N.W. 95 0.5 10 9 A 20 65.0 1 760 82.5 S S.W. 99 ' 5 17 10 A 4 P 5 P .01 21 52.0 i 55' 71-5 N.N.E. 221 4-5 30 9 A 22 530 1 475 86.0 N.N.E. 102 0.0 — — 23 51.0 ! 456 S35 N.W. 39 0.0 — — 24 520 1 497 790 S.E. 43 0 0 — — 25 585 I 584 85.5 SE. 73 0.0 — — 26 54-5 530 81.0 E. 64 0.0 — — 27 52.0 520 77.0 S. 48 0.0 — — 28 59 5 592 87.0 S.S.W. II I 1.0 14 5 P 29 64.5 7:6 86,0 S.S.W. 88 0-5 10 3 P 3^ 67-5 . 882 78.0 S.W. 145 1.0 14 9 A 9P 11 p T 3' ^4-5 720 83.0 N N.E. 100 0.0 ~ **Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during August was not nearly as sultry as that of July, and therefore more pleasant. Unusual features were generally wanting and normal conditions prevalent. The last decade of the month was generally clear and free from precipitation. No gales were recorded and on many days no pressure registered on the wind pressure chart. A comparison of the records of the several weather elements with their respective normals shows the following features : The mean barometer was rather high and the range about the usual amount. About one-third of the wind was from the south-southwest. The mean temperature was about a degree lower than usual, and the maximum was practically normal and came near the last of the month. The minimum was about three degrees higher than usual, giving a rather small range. The mean dew point was about two degrees lower than usual and the relative humidity was practically normal. The total precipitation was less than two-thirds of the normal and no storms of any severity occurred. The total wind movement was about twenty per cent more than the normal, although there were no large daily movements. The amount of bright sunshine was very large and but little cloudy weather was noted. J. E. OSTRx\NDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. BULLETIN No. 393. SEPTEMBER, 192 1 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground,' ^ I ft. Above sea level, 2JJ.§ ft. Height of Wind Instruments J2 ft. 7'ime used, "jijthMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. I Maximum reduced to freezing, jo.04, 20th, 12 p Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.26, 30th, 3 p Reduced maximum reading . 30.33 20th, 12 p Reduced minimum reading, 29.54, 30th, 3 p Mean semi-daily reduced 30.026 Monthly range 0.79 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 92.0, 2d, 1:30 P Lowest 36.0, 27d, 7 a Mean hourly 6;. 6 Mean of means of max. and min 66.6 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 59.4 Monthly range 56-° Highest mean daily 76.(5. 3d Lowest mean daily S4-5. 27d Mean maximum 79.1 Mean minimum 54° Mean daily range 25.1 Greatest daily range 390 9th Least daily range 10.5, 12th Huniidiiy. Mean dew point 56.4 Mean force of vapor 597 Mean relative humidity 79.5 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches i..5 4 P 61.0 5 A 66.3 66.1 64.3 i.r '3 30.13 30.02 30.066 780 2 P 580 12 P 680 682 61.7 1 1.2 14 30.14 30.05 30.107 78.0 3P 485 6:30 A 63.3 62.2 55-0 1 1.0 •5 3007 29.90 29.998 79.0 2 P 48.5 6 A 63-7 62.7 55-5 8.7 16 30.15 3002 30.128 77.0 4P 490 12 P 63.0 60 9 53-3 II-3 '7 30.15 29.72 29-934 66.5 12 P 42.5 5:30 A 54-5 56.7 57-7 0.8 18 2994 29.70 29 792 73-5 11 A 61.0 12 P 673 67.9 58.7 9.0 19 30.23 29.94 30.160 75-5 3P 48.0 12 P 6. .7 60.0 51.G II. 7 20 30.33 30.23 30.298 74-5 4 P 42.0 4:30 A 5S3 56.7 49.0 8.7 2t 3033 29.89 30134 67 0 12 P 55-0 4:30 A 61.0 59.2 58.3 0.0 22 2993 29.82 29.890 785 3 P 62.5 6:30 A 70.5 70.8 62.3 1 I.I 23 30.04 2982 29.932 765 0:30 P 54.0 12 P 653 661 58.3 1 1.0 24 30.20 3004 30.171 79.0 3:30 P 43-5 6:30 A 613 60.2 52.7 11.0 25 30.11 2984 29.958 72.0 1:30 p 530 5:30 A 62.5 62 1 61.7 3-1 26 30.13 2993 30.084 73 5 3:30 P 47 0 12 P 60.3 59 5 50.7 II. 2 27 30.16 2991 30.056 72.5 3P 36.0 7 A 54.3 54.5 483 9.5 28 30.00 2984 29.908 78.0 I p 580 0 A 68.0 66 I 623 5-0 29 3008 29.95 30032 86.0 2:30 p 58.0 6:30 A 720 695 637 7.4 30 2995 2954 29.780 81.5 2 P 56.0 12 P 68.7 78.2 61.5 4-7 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind h recipitation. U< Total ill C a. > ll c . V '/I c 'z ^ 0) ^ si c bi Inches. J G si ' Si 2 - D rt 1! c V t) s > z — 0 E ■5 c W c 0 c I 59° 630 80.0 s.s.w. 82 0.0 _ 2 09.5 802 90.0 s.s.vv. 74 0.0 — — 3 70.5 9'5 840 s.s.w. 59 05 10 12 M 0:30 P r.301' .02 4 56.5 647 71-5 E.S.E. 87 0.0 — — 5 540 637 69.0 S. 7' 0 0 — — 6 66.0 688 92.5 S.SE. 57 0.0 — — I A 3 A T 7 60.0 697 82.5 N.VV. 48 0.0 — — I r.cop 12 P .01 8 52-5 580 69.5 N.N.W. 55 0.0 — • — 0 A 5 A .1 1 9 52.5 574 71.0 S. 44 0 0 — ' — 10 62.0 O44 87.0 S.S.VV. 119 2-5 22 7 p 7:30 P 9P •41 r 1 62.5 634 9 00 S. 98 I.O 14 3P 2 P 6:30P .04 12 63 0 654 89.0 S.S.W. 118 0.5 10 I p 4 A 6a .07 '3 570 698 68.0 N. 144 1-5 17 II A '4 5 10 5'6 725 N N E. 120 05 10 9 A '5 53-0 496 82.0 W. 69 1-5 17 6p i6 50.5 460 80.0 N.E. 80 00 — '7 565 50S 94 5 S.S.W. 108 30 24 I p 10 A 9 P .11 tS 52-5 668 60.0 w. 282 8.0 40 2 P '9 45 5 448 68.5 N.W. 146 2.0 20 9 A 20 445 415 71-5 N.W. 50 0 0 — 21 56.5 534 87-5 s. 152 4-5 30 10 P 12 M 12 P •77 22 585 690 71-5 s.w. 262 1-5 17 10 A 0 A 2 a .07 23 53-5 455 695 s w. 230 30 24 12 M 24 49-5 455 795 s. 42 0.0 — — ?5 61 0 578 93-5 s. 19' 50 32 2 P 9A 8 p .09 26 460 438 70.5 N.W. i78 2.0 20 10 A 27 45-5 398 80.5 S.S.E. 96 25 22 3 P 28 61. 5 596 895 S S.W. '45 2.0 20 5 A 29 62.5 658 905 S.W. 84 2.0 20 6 p 0 A 8:30 A T 30 58.0 635 79.0 S.W. 277 85 41 4 P 7:30 A 6:30 p .14 'Kain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was marked by a large amount of sunshine and a comparatively small precipitation. During the first ten days the maximum temperature was above 80 degrees each day and the period was much warmer than usual. The last two days were also extremely warm. The persistency of the wind from near the south point of the compass was especially noticeable and the small precipitation with so much south wind was very unusual. The absence of any frost during the entire month was also an exceptional feature. The records of the several weather elements show the following features when compared with their respective normals : The barome- ter records showed no unusual features, excepting the very rapid fall preceding the storm on the last day of the month. The range of pressure was rather small. The mean temperature was more than four degrees higher than the normal and the maximum more than five degrees higher than usual. Owing to a rather high minimum, the range was not much larger than usual. Several days showed a mean hourly temperature above 70 degrees. The mean dew point was comparatively high and the relative humidity nearly normal. The total precipitation was less than half the normal, only two storms showing any considerable amount. The total wind movement was slightly greater than the normal, but the record for the first ten days — the period of high maximum temperatures — was very small. While there were several cloudy days, the total amount of cloud- iness was small. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. BULLETIN No. 394. OCTOBER, I 92 1 Meteorolooical Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGUICULTUIUL EXPEKIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N, Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height 0/ ha ro meter above ground, jf ft. Above sea level, ^/j.j ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, J0.17, 26th, 8 A Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.03, 20th, 3 p Reduced maximum reading . 30.48,26th, 8 .\ Reduced minimum reading, 29.33, 20th, 3 p Mean semi-daily reduced 29.974 Monthly range 1.15 Air Temperafiire. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 79.5, 15th, 3:00 P Lowest 21.5, 27th, 7 A Mean hourly ■ $0.4 Mean of means of ma.x. and min 50.9 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 44.4 Monthly range : Highest mean daily 60.5. 2d, 3d Lowest mean daily ....,.".. 37.1, 26th Mean maximum 63.3 Mean minimum 38.4 Mean daily range 24.9 Greatest daily range 48.5 15th Least daily range 7.0, 21st HamiflKy. Mean dew point 40.3 Mean force of vapor 34S Mean relative humidity 76.3 Precipitation. In inches. Total precijjitation, in inches i.oS Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 5 •Temperature in ground shelter. "Reduced to freezing and sea-level. Wind, Total movement ^^g^ „, Greatest daily movement 305m, 21st Least daily movement 29m, 29th Mean daily movement 145m Mean hourly velocity 6.0m Maximum pressure per square foot, 12.0 lbs= 49m per hour, loth, 2 ?, S.S.E. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per hour, loth, 2 p, S.S.E. Prevailing direction. Southwest. Summary. South Southwest 32 per cent Northwest 13 Southwest 10 South 10 North 10 Other directions 25 Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 42 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 135 hours = 37 per cent. Number of clear days n Number of fair days 10 Number of cloudy days 10 Briight Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 206, = 68 per cent. Rain, 3d, 8th, 9th. loth, 12th, 19th, 20th, 25th. Thunder and Li^htninti, 12th, 20th. Frosts, 9th, 13th, i4tii, ijth, 26th, 27th, 2Sth, 29th, 30th, 31st. Gales. 35m, Sth, S.S.W.; 49ni, loth, S.S.E. 35m, i2th, W.N.W.; 36ni, 23d, N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to OJ Sea Level. Tein jerature Ground Shelter. S s ■5 s 3 3 J3 3 5 0(J^ S ^1 4} H S oS 1 ^ d c ?! 2 rt 2 c a! 6 £f 0 S i s..^ s H i iZ 0) ni.- a> 0 in Sc^^ I 2998 29.83 29-938 680 2:30 P 46.5 7 A 57-3 56.8 490 10.9 2 30.00 29.91 29.966 77-5 2:30 P 45,0 7 A 61.3 60.5 54.0 9.8 3 29.91 29.50 29641 65.0 2 P 56.0 0:30 A 60.5 60 5 59-3 1.2 4 27.65 29.49 29.606 665 2:30 P 45.0 12 P 55-7 54.8 473 10.2 5 2980 29.64 29734 60.0 3 P 41.0 6:30 A 50-5 50.2 45 5 9-2 6 29.98 2979 29.S78 68.0 2:30 ? 44-0 4:30 A 56.0 55-2 48.5 8.7 7 3C.OI 29.72 29.S85 72.0 2 p 380 7 A 55-0 56.3 49-5 8.2 8 29.72 29.51 29-563 64 5 9:30 A 43-0 12 P 53-7 546 5'-3 I.O 9 29.87 29.72 29.840 48 0 2 P 33-0 7 A 40.5 429 4'-7 3-3 10 29 90 29.65 29.856 690 3 y 390 4:30 A 54.0 53-7 503 3-5 II 29.94 29.72 29858 75-0 4P 41 5 7:30 A 58.3 56-3 49.0 85 12 29.90 29.60 29705 59-0 2 P 44.0 12 P 51-5 50 6 45.0 5.0 '3 3031 2990 30.241 55-0 3P 32.5 7 A 43 7 43-8 36.5 100 14 3043 30.31 30.402 68.5 3P 330 7A 50-7 50.8 43-7 9-9 '5 30.42 30.21 30.326 79-5 3f 31.0 7A 55-3 53-8 46.3 9-9 r6 30 21 3009 30.178 75-5 4 P 340 7'a 547 53-7 45-5 9.8 •7 30 17 3009 30.142 55-5 2 P 485 7 A 52-0 5.6 48-3 0.5 i8 3009 2989 29.986 660 2:30 P 48.5 4:30 A 57-3 55-5 520 2-9 19 2989 29.63 29676 685 2:30 P 56-5 2:30 A 62.5 60.2 53-7 7-3 20 29.63 2933 29.428 57-5 0 A 46 0 12 P 5'7 51.8 47-3 0.0 21 29.79 29.48 29.648 49.5 I P 42-5 I2,P 46.0 45.8 39 5 5-4 22 29.85 2958 29737 67.5 3 P 37-5 5:30 A 52.5 540 45-5 9-5 23 30-19 29.72 30.051 61.5 1:30 p 38-5 12 P 50.0 530 41-7 9-5 24 30.22 2992 30.106 53-5 3 P .330 2 A 43-3 44-3 39-3 4-3 25 30-33 29.90 30.124 50.5 2 p 34-0 12 P 42.3 42.3 36.5 3-8 26 30.48 30.33 30-450 ^5-o 4 P 255 7:30 A 40.3 37 1 307 9-7 27 3045 30.29 30-37+ 62.0 3P 21.5 7 A 41.7 40.3 3i-3 9-1 28 30-31 30-23 30 306 56.5 3 P 25.0 7 A 40-7 39-3 33 7 5-5 29 3034 3020 30-274 61.5 3P 27.5 6:-;o A 44-5 4'-5 35-7 8.8 30 30.21 30 14 30.188 69.5 3 P 31.0 ~5 A 50.3 45-7 387 7-5 31 30.17 30.00 30.094 56 0 4 P 29.5 7:30 A 42 7 44,2 40.0 30 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Sa. -i.o Wind. a^Q lii ^ ■I' c . £ 3 CT 0. o o ■3 S^' ._, 0 HS.5 SI 1 440 427 6S.0 2 49-5 506 71.0 3 5^-5 530 930 4 440 374 76.0 5 41.5 350 74-5 6 450 380 80.5 7 47.0 426 81 0 8 48.0 453 76.5 9 390 26S 830 10 47.0 427 79-5 1 1 47-5 3«' 87.5 12 41.0 33« 7S5 '3 300 252 •^55 '4 3«-5 342 72.0 ■5 44.0 3S6 860 (6 41-5 344 79 5 17 46.0 362 86.5 iS 49-5 4.30 85.0 '9 50 0 484 76.0 20 445 362 8. .5 21 32.0 293 630 22 3«-5 390 620 23 325 350 550 24 35-0 278 76.5 2S 31 5 243 75° 26 27.0 186 78 0 27 230 218 60.5 28 30.0 220 79-5 29 30-5 243 720 -,o 36.0 25^. 84.0 3' 36.5 2 98 78 0 w.s.w. s.s.vv. s.s.w. N.N.W. N. s.vv. s. N.W. s.s w. S.S E. S S.W W.N.W. N.W. S.S.W. S S.W. S S.W. E S.S w. S.s.w. N. WN.W. S W. N.W. W.S.W. N N W. S.W. s. s.s.w. E. S. 166' 159 120 125 164 202 149 283, 1351 178^ 53 ib2 205 X26 59 fc.6 130 179 178 164 305 248 284 47 228 122 63 43 29 49 53 25 '•5 j.o 15 3-5 35 5-0 60 2.0 120 o o 60 2 o 1-5 o o 25 15 30 1-5 2-5 50 35 6.5 0.0 50 1-5 o o 0.0 o o t.o 0.5 22 17 14 17 26 26 32 35 20 49 35 20 17 22 17 24 17 22 32 26 36 32 17 2 P 7 I' 10 A 10 A 4 P 12 M 11 P 4 A 2 P 2 P 4 P 12 M I P P A P A P P I A I A 4 P 9 A I P 4 P Precipitation. :30P 2 p I lA 8:3oA 6 A 0:30 A I A ■30 A 8 P 8 p 9 A :30P 5 A 4 P 3:3" A Total in Indies, ♦ * c s ci X C/l .06 .19 1' T •*Kain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during October was generally pleasant with a large amount of sunshine. The first frost of the season occurred on the 9th and the first killing frost on the 13th. The persistency of wind from the southwest quadrant was very noticeable and gave the im- pression that the month was milder than usual. The small precipi- tation tended to augment an already droughty condition, and at the close of the month rain was badly needed. The ground water needs replenishing before winter sets in. The records of the several weather elements compared with their respective normals show the following features : The mean barometer was rather low and the range of pressure practically nor- mal. The total wind movement was nearly ten per cent more than usual and several gales were recorded. The mean temperature was practically normal and the maximum and minimum records both near their average values. The range of 48.5 degrees on the 15th was an exxeptionally large value. Frosts were numerous after the middle of the month. The mean dew point was slightly lower than usual and the rela- tive humidity a little above the normal. The total precipitation was only about thirty per cent of the normal and there was practically no rain the last third of the month. The amount of sunshine was large and there were many pleasant days. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. B ULLETIN'No. 395. NOVEMBER. 192 1 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGUICULTUIUL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W. ffgij^ht of haro meter above ground, J/./?. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height of Wind Instrmnents y2 ft. Time used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressute. In inches. Maxinuim reduced to freezing, 30.20, 8th, 8 A Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.20, 5th, 4 A Reduced maximum reading . 30.52, 8th, 8 .\ Reduced minimum reading, 29.50, 5th, 4 a Mean semi-daily reduced 30.0S1 Monthly range i.o Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 66.0, 19th, 4:00 p Lowest 22.0, 8th, 7 A Mean hourly 37.4 Mean of means of max. and min 37.9 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 34.4 Monthly range 44.0 Highest mean daily 58. 3. igth Lowest mean daily 27.7, 24th Mean maximum 44.0 Mean minimum 31.8 .Mean daily range 12.2 Greatest daily range 29.5 20th Least daily range 3.0, 19th Hnmidity. Mean dew point 30.6 Mean force of vapor 0.223 Mean relative humidity 80.3 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 6.20 Xumter of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 22 Total Snow in inches 3.0 'Temperature in ground shelter. ••Reduced to freezing and sea-level. M^ind. Total movement 4441 rn Greatest daily movement 424m, 5th Least daily movement i6m, 14th Mean daily movement 148m Mean hourly velocity 6.2m Maximum pressure per square foot, 18.5 lbs = 61m per hour, 5th, 7 A, N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per hour, 5th, 7 A. N.W. Prevailing direction, North Northwest. Summary. North 27 per cent North Northeast 17 " " South Southwest 10 " " Northwest 13 " " Other directions 33 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 66 [ler cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 196 hours = 67 per cent. Number of clear days 3 Number of fair days 9 Number of cloudy days iS Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, g;, = "iii per cent. Kain, ist, 2d, 3d, 4th, 7th, 0th. lotli, litli, 12th, 14th. 15th, 'i6th, 17th, i8th, 19th, 20th, 2i.st, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th. Snow, 7th. 14th, 24th, 26th. Frosts before the 15th, Sth, iitli, I3tli. Hail, 9th, 24th, 28th. Gales, 6im, 5th, N.W.: 35m, 7th, N.W.; 35m, 15th, W.N.VV.: 36m, 19th, S.S. W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature Ground Shelter. Ox (4 6 s B s e '5 "S 2s £ 3 S c4 S c 3 g 'a s 1 ?! S rt 3 3 d ^ Q s S S:^ S H i H 0) 0 u. 1^ ^5 I 30.00 29.58 29.736 54.0 9P 46.5 7 A 50.3 50.1 49-7 0.0 2 29.92 29.59 29.816 49-5 0 A 41 0 8 P 45-3 44-5 40.3 0.2 3 30.01 29.83 29943 45-5 4 P 37-0 2 A 41-3 42.2 40.8 0.0 4 29.84 29.60 29.772 490 1:30 p 36.0 6 A 42.5 42.5 380 4-9 5 30.02 29.50 29.7S8 46.0 2 P 32.0 12 P 39-0 39-7 315 8.0 6 30.25 30.02 30.226 430 2:30 P 26.5 7:3c A 34-7 334 26.5 8-5 7 30.28 29.94 30.068 48.5 2:30 P 28.0 7:30 A 38.3 37-1 32.5 5-7 8 30.52 30.28 30.500 39-5 4P 22.0 7 A 30-7 3I-I 25-3 6.3 9 30.48 29-93 30.272 33-5 7 A 30-5 0 A 32.0 320 29.5 0.0 10 30.00 29-73 29.8S5 41.0 4 P 29.0 12 P 35-0 3M. 36T 30.0 0.8 ii 30.07 29.92 30.010 47-5 , 2 P 26.0 7 A 367 34-5 6.2 12 29.92 29.79 29.840 40.0 2 P 33-0 7:30 A 36.5 367 35-5 0.2 '3 30.18 29.88 30.108 40.0 1:30 ? 28.5 12 P 34 3 .33-8 28.7 8.2 14 30.18 29.85 30.048 32-5 8p 27.0 I A 29.7 30-5 30.0 0.0 15 30.16 29-83 30.016 47.0 2 p 29-5 7 A 383 37-6 34-0 7-7 16 30-35 30.16 30.338 52.5 3P 29.5 7:30 A 41 0 392 33-3 74 '7 3026 30.12 30.184 43-5 , 3P 36.0 6 A 39-7 403 39-7 0.0 t8 30.25 30.12 30.222 485 4 P 40.0 5 A 44 3 44 r 440 0.0 19 3023 30.01 30.108 66.0 4 P 46.0 0 A 56.0 58.3 58-5 5.8 20 30.48 30.00 30.385 62.0 0 A 32 5 12 P 47 3 43-7 37-3 2.0 2[ 3044 30.28 39352 390 4 P 31.0 3 A 350 34-9 340 I.O 22 30.28 30.12 30.205 54.0 3 P 35-0 8 A 44-5 42 2 37-7 75 23 30.41 30.05 30414 37-0 0 A 28.0 12 P 32.5 30-7 26.5 2.6 24 30-37 2975 .^9.988 350 II P 24.0 6 A 29-5 27.7 28.0 0 0 25 30.16 29.82 30.178 430 3P 30.0 6 A 36.5" 35-8 32-7 9.0 26 30-33 30- 1 4 30.238 34-0 0 A 28.0 7 A 31 0 31 0 29-3 0.0 27 30.26 30.09 30.181 34-0 6 A 295 8p 31-7 30-9 295 0.0 28 30.09 29.86 29.924 35-0 4P 30.5 0 A 32-7 33-0 31-3 0.0 29 2987 29.79 29.826 35-5 6 p 30.0 II p 32.7 320 31-5 0.5 30 29.94 29.76 29.848 44-5 2 P 31.0 0 A 37-7 36-9 327 4-4 DAILY SUMMARY. Huinidit y- Wind. Precipitation. fc Total in 0 a > >T3 li c . E 3 0 0. bi c 'c bi Inches. ; ^ §s S155 > V kS^- >5.8 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 22.'', Monthly range 58. 0 Highest mean daily 46.0. iSth Lowest mean daily 6,7, 30th Mean maximum 31.4 Mean minimum 17.1 Mean daily range 17.3 Greatest daily range 31.0 21st Least daily range 5.5, 25th Humidity. Mean dew point 17.7 Mean force of vapor 0.143 Mean relative humidity Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 1.90 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell Total .Snow in inches Days of sleighing •Temperature in ground shelter. "Reduced to freezing and sea-level. Wind. Total movement ^704 m Greatest daily movement 461m, iSth Least daily movement 21 m, 5th Mean daily movement 152m Mean hourly velocity 6.3m Maximum pressure per square foot, 29 lbs = 76m per hour, 18th, 5 A, W.S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per hour, iSth, 7 A, W.S.W. Prevailing direction. West Northwest. Summary. North 16 per cent North Northeast 10 " " West Northwest 19 " " South Southwest 10 " " Northwest 16 " " Other directions 29 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 45 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 131 hours = a6 per cent. Number of clear days 14 Number of fair days 5 Number of cloudy days 12 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 152, = 54 per cent. Rain, 2d, I2th, 17th, 18th, Snow, 12th. l6th, 2ist, 23d. 24th, 29th. Gales, 54m, 3d. W. N.W.: 40m, 6th, W. N.W. 40m., 7th, W. N. W.; 76m., i8th, W.S.W.: 3Sm., 19th, W. N. W.: 47ni.. 21st, W. N. W.: 35m. 22d, N. W. :36m. 29th. N N.W.: 39m., 30th, N. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Tern perature . Groun d Shelter. S S B S V s" c V S" 1-.' 3=Q S5S >< E H c a i is" 4) 0 2 2 c a! 0:5 s s Ot/3 I 30.12 29.94 30.062 2 30.10 29.51 29.878 3 29.89 29.51 29.818 4 29.91 29.63 29.787 5 29,63 29.49 29.568 6 29.77 29.48 29.690 7 30.06 29.77 29.957 8 30-15 30.06 30.108 9 30.06 29.96 30.025 10 30.01 29.63 29.798 II 29.68 29.56 29.624 12 29.56 29.36 29.424 1.3 29.64 29.40 29.518 14 2993 29.64 29.806 15 30.54 29-93 30.310 t6 3079 3049 30.684 17 3049 29.91 30.180 t8 30.07 2961 29.806 19 30.41 30-07 30.298 20 30.48 30.06 30.308 2 1 30.20 29.82 29.985 22 30.46 3020 30.440 23 30.40 29-95 30.110 24 30-17 2993 30.065 25 30.37 30.17 30.316 26 30.46 30.32 30.412 27 30-32 3003 30.154 28 30.38 30.01 30.256 2q 30.06 29.69 29.884 30 30.23 30.06 30.182 3' 30.1 1 29.50 29.703 47.0 39-0 45-5 36-5 37-5 34-0 36.0 32.5 33-5 42.0 43-5 330 30-0 29.0 27-5 25.0 50.0 570 40.0 36-5 370 I7-S 22.0 33-0 26.0 32.0 31.0 31-5 37-0 15.0 31.0 4 P 12 P 5:30 A O A 4P 3 P 3 P 3P 3 P 2 p 3:30 P 9P O A 3 P 3 P 12 P 10 P 7 A 3P 3:3o P 12 M 3:30 P 12 P 2 P O A 3:30 P 4P 3 P 2 p 3:30 p 12 p 29 0 12 P 38.0 37-0 31-5 24.5 7:30 A 31-7 30.8 31.0 3^.5 12 P 41.0 39-7 34-3 28.0 12 P 32-3 33-« 27-3 19-5 7:30 A 28.5 28.4 24-5 235 9A 28.7 28.7 24.0 25s 12 P 30-7 29.4 23-3 iS-5 7 A 24.0 22.8 17.7 II.O 7 A 22.3 24.0 20.0 28.5 8 a 35-3 34-4 300 27.0 12 p 35-3 34-f^ 30.5 23.0 2 a 28.0 293 29.0 20.0 12 P 250 26.2 237 II. 5 7:30 A 20.3 19.2 15.0 9-5 7:30 A 185 17.4 13.0 30 8:30 A 14 0 15 « 14.0 25.0 0 A 37-5 388 40.0 36.0 12 P 46.5 46 0 39 7 25.0 12 P 32-5 34-0 27.7 195 7:30 A 280 27.0 22.5 6.0 12 P 21.5 24.7 19.3 -I.O 7:30 A «-3 7« 3-5 6.5 2 A 14-3 14.4 15-7 22.0 0 A 27.5 28.0 28.7 20.5 7 A 233 22.5 22.0 8.0 9A 20.0 172 13-0 10.5 5 A 20.7 20.5 21.5 7-5 8:30 A 19.5 19.8 13-3 8.0 12 P 22.5 240 19-5 0.0 7:30 A 7-5 6.7 30 2.0 I A 16.5 l3-b 13-3 8.6 0.0 5-8 0.4 7-5 7.8 8.3 7.6 7.8 7-5 2.7 0.0 1.8 7.8 8.4 7-5 0.9 5.9 8.0 8.0 1.2 8.3 0.0 o o 0.0 8.0 5-5 8.4 1.8 6.0 0.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. VVind. Precipitation. fe Total in Q 0 a > •-:h Il V , Sc' S? rt nf S (5 0 ra ^'^ ■?,'S,-^' a, - oi = .5 c i ni Ho OJ 0 41 U 3 V ^ 0 o** "* £ S ~ 0 S 5j 'rt 0 ^ S(£ Si, S:^2: a.Q HS.S SCUPl, Sffi H & W 2i c I 27.5 .194 78. 0 N.W. 24 I.O 14 I P 2 295 .iSi 95.0 E.N.E. 27 0.0 — 9 A I i:30P •78 3 25.0 .242 57-0 W.N.W. 298 14-5 54 6 P 4 18.5 .176 575 N.W. 136 3-5 27 0 A 5 22.5 ■139 91.5 S.S.W. 21 0.0 — 6 16.0 .148 635 W.N.W. 345 80 40 4 V 7 14.0 .146 57-0 W.N.W. 231 8.0 40 10 A 8 14 0 .106 82.0 N.N.VV. 64 0.0 _. 9 i6.o .128 790 W.N W. 58 1-5 17 3 P lO 25-5 .182 77.0 S.S.W. 170 30 24 II A 11 27.0 .,83 82.0 S. 102 0.5 10 3 P 12 27.0 .168 92.0 S. 39 2.0 20 II p 7:30 A 9P •'5 2 •3 20.0 •I3S 79.0 N. 202 2-5 22 II A '4 9-5 .095 765 N.N.W. 136 2.0 20 II P '5 9-5 .085 82.5 N.N.W. 234 30 24 2 P i6 11.5 .094 86.5 N.N.E. 70 1-5 17 I A 8 P 10 P .01 k t? 38.0 .265 89-5 S.S.W. 220 50 32 9 P 9P 12 P .06 i8 33-5 .282 71-5 W.S.W. 461 29.0 76 5 A 0 A 9 A •52 '9 17.0 .i8o 550 W.N.W. 363 7.0 38 2 A 20 17.0 • 136 730 S.W. 77 1.0 14 10 P 21 13-5 .122 76.0 W.N.W. 275 II.O 47 7 P 5 A 6:30 A .05 h 22 -1-5 .056 750 N.W. 208 6.0 35 0 A 23 13-5 .096 905 E.S.E. 22 0.0 — 4 A 12 M .05 i 24 28.0 .160 97-5 N. 38 0.5 10 2 P 1 A I 1 P .28 2 25 195 .124 87.S N. 75 2.0 20 9 P 26 II.O .083 89-5 N. 75 1.0 14 0 A 27 19.0 .126 920 N W. 105 5-5 33 9 P 28 6.5 .090 71 0 W. 85 30 24 2 ? 29 15-0 .i68 79-5 S.W. 195 6.5 36 7 P 7:30 A II A T T 30 -4-5 .054 680 N. 168 7-5 39 3A 31 9-5 .094 80.5 N.W. 180 1.0 14 II p ••Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. Annual Summary for 1921. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, Minimum reduced to freezing, • . Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, Mean semi-daily reduced to freezing and sea-level, Annual range, 30.56, Jan. 19th, 10 A. 29.03, Oct. 20th, 3 p. 30.90, Jan. 19th, 10 A. 29.33, Oct. 20th, 3 p. 30.040 1-57 *Air Teiuperatiire. In degrees Fahr. Highest, 96.0, June 22d, 3:00 p. Lowest, — 6.0, Jan. igth, 7 a. Mean hourly, 49.5 Mean of means of max. and min., 49.S Mean sensible (wet bulb) , 44.4 Annual range, 102.0 Highest mean daily 80.6, July 8 Lowest mean daily, 4.0, Jan. 19 Mean maximum, 60.5 Mean minimum, 39.0 Mean daily range, 21.5 Greatest daily range, 48.5, Oct. i? Least daily range, 3.0, Nov. iQth. Humidity. Mean dew point, 40.4 Mean force of vapor, 405 Mean relative humidity, 76.0 Wind. Prevailing direction, West Southwest Summary. South Southwest 22 per cent North 10 " Northwest 10 " " Other directions, 58 " " Total movement 52.373 m Greatest daily movement, .... 465 ni., Jan. 25 Least daily movement, 13 m., July 4 Mean daily movement, 143 m Mean hourly velocity, 6.0 m Maximum pressure per square foot, 29.0 lbs., = 76 m. per hour, Dec. i8th, 5:0 A., W.S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36 rn. per hour, Nov. 5th, 7 A. N.W.; Dec. iSthi 7 A. W.S.W. Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, ram or melted snow, . 42.22 Snow total in inches, 37.5 Number of days on which .01 or more rain or melted snow fell, 131 Weather. Mean cloudiness observed, 50 per cent. Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom- eter, 1819 hrs.=40 per cent. Number of clear days, 126 Number of fair days, 141 Number of cloudy days 98 Bright .Sunshine- Number of hours recorded, 2695 lus.=6o per cent. Waes of Frosts. Last, First, May 12th . ODt. gth Dates of Snow. Last, April iSth First, Nov. 7th Total days of sleighing, 28 Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour, Mar. 29th, 50m., N.; Nov, 5th, 6in>., N.W.; Dec. 3d, 54m., W.N.W.; i8th, 76m., W.S. W. Temperature in ground shelter. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. BULLETIN No. 397. JANUARY, (922 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGIMCULTUKAL EXPEUIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' lo" \V. Flt'i^^ht of Ihinvneter above ground, ^t ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft. Time used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressiiie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, jo.36, 25th, 10 A Minimum reduced to freezing, 2S.00, nth, 12 p Reduced maximum reading 30.70, 25th, 10 a Reduced minimum reading, 28.92, iith, 12 p Mean semi-daily reduced 30.177 Monthly range 1.7S Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 41.0, 15th, 2:30 P: 30th, 3 P Lowest . . 12.0, 24th, g a: 25th, 9 a: 26th, 8:30 a Mean hourly 19 Mean of means of max. and min 20.1 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 16.4 Monthly range 53.0 Highest mean daily 35.7. 19th Lowest mean daily 2.2, 25th Mean maximum 30.7 Mean minimum 9.6 Mean daily range 21. i Greatest daily range 36.0 26' h Least daily range 8.5, nth Humidify. Mean dew point n.5 Mean force of vapor 113 Mean relative humidity 78.5 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 1.56 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 6 Total Snow in inches 14^ Days of sleighing 3[ •Temperature in ground shelter. "Reduced to freezing and sea-level. Wind. Total movement 5353 tn Greatest daily movement 403m, 29th Least daily movement 12m, 17th Mean daily movement 173m .Mean hourly velocity 7.2m Maximum pressure per square foot, 30 lbs = 78m per hour, 22d, 12 m, W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 12 m per hour, 22d, 12 M, W. Prevailing direction^ Northwest. Summary. Northwest 23 per cent North 19 " " Northea.st - . . 13 " " West Northwest 13 " " Southwest 10 " " Other directions 22 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 38 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . i04 hours = 36 per cent. Numter of clear days 16 Number of fair days 8 Number of cloudy days 7 Brifiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 190, = 64 per cent. Kain, 4th, 5th. Snow, 3d. 8th, 9th, nth, 14th, iSth 21st tiales, 42m, 2d, N. W.; 36m, nth, N. ^6m., i2th, W.N. W.;7Sm., 22d,W.;38m.,29tli, N. N. E. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature . Ground Sheltei E B s 3 6 '£ s 3 s S S 3 E 'S i s Mean of Max. and Min. Mean Hourly Draper. J3 2 CD >.• c 3 3 I 29.86 29.51 29 690 35-5 2:30 A 12.5 12 p 24.0 25.8 22.0 7-2 2 30.29 29.86 30.16S 13-5 3 P 2.0 8 A 7-7 6.9 2.0 «-3 3 30-32 30.09 30.198 10.5 12 p -i.o 8 A 4.7 6.0 4.0 1.8 4 30.24 30.08 30.202 26.0 12 p 105 0 A 18.3 17.9 17-3 4.9 5 30.11 29.85 29.946 39-0 8:30 P 26.0 0 A 32-5 329 327 0.2 6 3^2^ 30.11 30-304 37-0 0 A 25.0 10:30 P 31-0 31-5 27.0 4.5 7 3054 3036 30.496 33-0 3 P 13-0 12 P 23.0 24.2 17-5 8.3 8 30.52 29.89 30.220 31.0 3:30 P 30 7:30 A 170 17 5 14-3 7.5 9 29.89 29.42 29 612 38.0 3--30 ^^ 250 4:30 A 31-5 31.0 28.3 5-5 10 29.99 29.40 29.850 39-0 4 A 22.0 12 P 30.5 32.0 27.5 8-3 II 30.00 28.92 29.428 27.0 8:30 p 18.5 3 A 22.7 22.0 22.5 0.0 12 29.77 28.92 29565 23.0 0 A 9.0 12 P 16.0 16.8 10.8 7.8 13 30.16 29.77 30.040 270 3:30 P 8.0 I A 17.5" 14.7 103 8.5 M 30.29 30.16 30.258 32.0 3 P 5-0 3 A 18.5 16.4 14.0 5-5 15 3025 29.92 30.086 41.0 2:30 p 19-5 I A 30.3 30.9 29-5 5.0 (6 3047 30.13 30.376 33 5 3 P 6.0 12 P 19.7 20.2 12.0 9.0 17 30.56 30.30 30.478 28.0 4P -65 7:30 A 10.7 90 50 S.o t8 30-30 29-93 30.033 360 5:30 P 14.0 0 A 25.0 259 25.7 3-9 19 30.00 29.74 29.846 3S5 8 P 295 0 A 34.0 35-7 36.5 0.0 20 30.32 29.77 30.205 40.5 2 A '9 5 12 P 30 0 27.9 22.5 7-8 21 30.29 29.97 30082 32 0 4P "5 12 P 2r.7 21.5 18.3 0.2 22 30.35 29.94 30.152 36.0 12 M 6.5 5 A 2'3 18 I 180 8.1 23 30.59 30-35 30.554 15-5 3 P -'■5 8 A 7-0 70 0-3 8-3 24 30.60 30.48 30577 16.0 3 P -12.0 9 A 2.0 2.7 -4.0 8.8 25 30.70 30.52 30.606 18.0 4P -12.0 9 A 3.0 2.2 -2.7 8.9 26 30-57 30-47 3040 30.37 30485 30.410 24.0 29.5 3--30 P 3:30 p -12.0 -2.0 8:30 A 6.0 6.3 12.7 -0.5 6.0 89 27 7:30 A 13-7 8.8 28 3040 30.14 30.278 32 5 7:30 p 7.0 7:30 A 19.7 21.5 235 2.0 29 3040 30.12 30.298 38.0 2:30 P 27.0 12 P 32-5 313 28.3 6.0 30 30.55 30.40 30.537 41.0 3P 15.0 7:30 A 28.0 26 6 20.0 9-3 31 30.59 3036 30491 40 0 3 P 9-5 7:30 A 24.7 22.9 18.5 8.2 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. F recipitation. fe Total in a) Q k4 0 a ti > >. S 3 cr c 'c bi Inches. $ c 4) (U 3 c5 0 > 0) 0 o"* HS.5 ._ 0 6 a 'Si -5 c ■(3 0 c I 14S •131 81.5 W N.W. 323 4-5 30 4 A 2 -1-5 .050 84.0 N.W. 378 90 42 12 M 3 I.O .056 85.0 N. 136 i-S i? 4 A 3 P 5P .04 a 4 14.0 .106 845 N. 15 0.0 — — 4 P 12 p .06 S 2S.5 .202 82.0 N.W. 55 2.5 22 II P 0 A 2hP •30 6 20.0 .164 660 N.W. 247 4-5 30 6 A 7 12-5 .107 75.0 N.W. 150 1-5 «7 2 P 8 II-5 .095 92.0 S.W. 50 2 0 20 9P 10 P 12 P T T 9 26.0 .166 87.0 W. 244 4.0 28 5 P 0 A 4 A T T lO 22.0 .168 72.5 N.W. 242 4-5 30 3 A 1 1 21.0 .124 93 5 N. 252 6.5 36 8 p 9 A ii:30P .78 10 12 65 078 77-5 W N.W. 204 6.5 36 4 A '3 6.5 .075 805 w.s.w. 147 2 0 20 6 A '4 7.0 .091 86.5 s.s.w. 63 2.0 20 10 p 5:30 A 6:30 A T T '5 23.0 .186 68.0 S.W. 340 50 32 3 P (6 5-5 .084 72.0 W.N.W. 146 2.0 20 2 A '7 2.0 .070 84.5 S.W. 12 0.0 — — .8 23.0 .145 87.5 N. 112 1.5 17 12 M S ? 12 M •03 h '9 33° .220 955 S.S VV. 131 1-5 17 3 P 20 20.5 .168 87.0 N.W 198 5-0 32 6a 21 145 .108 815 N.N.W. 29 00 — — 6 A I 1:30 A •35 3 22 15-5 .106 85.0 W.N.W. 291 30.0 78 12 M 23 -8.0 .049 6^5 W.S W. 239 50 32 2 P 24 -12.0 .041 645 N.W. 1 II 3-5 26 5 P 25 -II 0 .044 62.5 N. 87 0.0 — — 26 -lO.O .052 595 N. 124 50 3^ 12 M 27 -0.5 .066 685 N.N.W. 152 3-5 26 0 A 28 20.5 .140 82.5 N.N.E. 201 5-5 33 II P 29 23.0 .171 740 N.N.E. 403 70 38 4 A 30 130 .124 68.0 N N.E. 201 30 24 0 A 31 15-5 .114 85.0 N.N.E. 70 1.0 14 0 A •*Rain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following: day. REMARKS The weather during the month was considerably colder than usual and the temperature below freezing nearly the whole period. Only on two days, the 5th and 19th, was the average temperature for the day above the freezing point. On the other hand the mean temperature for the day was below ten de- grees on seven days. Nearly all of the precipitation occurred as snow and but little of it melted during the month. The last decade of the month was marked by a very high barometer, large wind movement and generally clear weather. The records of the several weather elements compared with their respective normals show the following features of interest : The mean barometer was abnormally high and the range of pressure very large. The minimum pressure at midnight on the 11th of 28.92 inches was a very low record for this station. The mean temperature was nearly five degrees lower than usual and about six degrees lower than the preceding month. The maximum temperature was ten degrees below the normal and the mimimum five degrees below the normal, giving a rather small range. The mean dew-point was five degrees lower than usual and the relative humidity practically normal. The total precipitation was less than one half the normal amount and about one half of it occurred as a rather severe snow storm on the 1 1th. The total wind movement was about ten per cent more than normal as was rather persistant from the northwest quadrant. There was very little wind from the southerly points of the com- pass. An unusuahy heavy gale was registered on the 2 2d. The amount of sunshine was large and there were but few cloudy days. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. BULLETIN No. 398. FEBRUARY. 1922 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGKICULTUIUL EXPEllIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of Ihiro meter above g rounds ^T ft. Above sea level, 273-5 A- Height oj Wind histruments 72 ft. Time used, y^t/i Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maxinuim reduced to freezing, 30.29, 21st, 9 A Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.05, 2nd, 4 p Reduced maximum reading 30.60, 21st, 9 .\ Reduced minimum reading, 29.35, 2nd, 4 P Mean semi-daily reduced 30.123 Monthly range 1.2; Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 49.5,2nd, 4P Lowest — 13.5, iSth, 7:30 A Mean hourly 25.7 Mean of means of max. and min .^5.8 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 23.7 Monthly range 63.0 Highest mean daily 39 3. 2nd Lowest mean daily — 0.8, 17th Mean maximum 34.0 Mean minimum 17.6 Mean daily range 16.4 Greatest daily range 43.0 iSth Least daily range 4.5, 22nd Hamidity. Mean dew point 19.9 Mean force of vapor 149 Mean relative humidity So. 5 Mind. Total movement 3909 m Greatest daily movement 357ni, 8th Least daily movement . . . 14m, 22nd, 25th Mean daily movement 140m Mean hourly velocity 5.8m Maximum pressure per square foot, 11.5 lbs = 48m per hour, 6th, 9 p, W.N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30 m per hour, 6th, 9 p., W.N.W. Prevailing direction. West. Summary. North II per cent South Southwest 18 " " Southwest 14 " " West Northwest 18 " " North Northwest - . . 11 " " Other directions 28 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 54 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 149 hours = 50 per cent. Number of clear days 7 Number of fair days 10 Number of cloudy days 11 Preripitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3.02 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 11 Total .Snow in inches 13.^ Days of sleighing 17 •Temperature in ground shelter. "Reduced to freezing and sea-level. Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 147, = 50 per cent. Kain, ist, 2nd, 6th, nth. 22d, 23rd. Snow, 2d, 3d. 6th, 9th, I2th, 13th, 15th, I9tll, 22d, 27th. Gales.4om, 3d, W.N.W.; 4Sm, 6th, W.N.W. 39m., 13th, W.N.W.: 41m., 16th, N. :35m., 17th, N.: 45m., 24th, N. W.; 42m., 2Sth W.N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to < Q S S s '5 S 3 § >< rt V B H a 3 £ "a V T3 2 is V 3 S C 4) 1^ c I 30.36 30.02 30.243 34-5 8 P 9-5 7:30 A 22.0 22.5 21.7 4.6 2 30.02 29-35 29.462 49-5 4P 32.0 1:30 A 40.7 393 39-7 5-1 3 29.66 29.41 29-537 36.0 0 A 28,5 12 P 32-3 32-7 28.7 0.8 4 30.08 29.66 29-939 34.5 3:30? 24.0 12 P 29-3 28.8 27 0 7-5 5 30.16 29.97 30.082 35-0 3 P 23.0 7 A 29.0 295 28.3 6.0 6 29.97 29.56 29.7r2 38.0 7 P 30.0 5 A 34-0 32-3 31-7 0.0 7 29.86 29.67 29.776 34.0 0 A 24.0 12 P 29.0 3^-3 28.0 0.6 8 30.27 29.86 30.176 24.0 0 A 11-5 7:3c A 17.7 16.9 12-3 9-6 9 30.27 30-13 30-03 30.05 30. 1 II 30-115 30.5 32-0 8 P 4 P 13-5 25-5 1:3,0 A 7:30 A 22.0 23.« 28.3 23-7 27.7 2.5 lO ^ 28 7~ 2.9 II 30.11 29.79 29.894 34-5 8 P 28.5 I A 31-5 32.1 32-7 0.0 12 3008 29.91 29.996 34.5 0 A 16.5 12 P 25-5 26.7 24.2 2.6 '3 30.36 29.88 30.0S6 28.0 0:30 P 16.0 2 A 22.0 20.8 18.0 93 '4 3059 30.36 30.545 30.0 3:30 P 8.0 7:30 A 19.0 18.8 15-3 9.3 «5 30-53 29.92 30.138 25.0 8 P 16.5 4 A 20.7 19.2 20.5 0.0 i6 30-17 29.92 30.068 24.0 5 A I.O 2 P 12.5 15-7 I '-3 5-8 '7 30-5« 30-17 30.486 II.O 4 P -12 0 7:30 A -0-5 -0.8 -3-7 9.6 i8 30-57 30-31 30.433 29.5 8p -13-5 7:30 A 80 12.3 10. 0 6.4 19 30.18 30.11 30.227 45.0 4P 285 7A 36-7 34-3 325 5-2 20 3040 30.07 30.235 47-5 1:30 p 32.0 12 P 39-7 38.8 350 7-2 2( 30.60 30.40 30.552 41.5 "4P 24.0 7 A 32-7 30-3 26.0- 9-9 22 30.41 30.18 30.254 30.0 2:30 P 25-5 6 A 27.7 27.7 28.0 0.0 23 30.18 29.67 29.872 39-5 12 P 27.0 0 A 31,i. 31-5 32-5 '•5 24 30-42 29.81 30-316 39 5 0 A 15.0 12 P 27-3 25-7 21.0 10. 1 25 30.47 30.34 30.422 380 4 P 65 7:30 A 22.3 19.5 15-5 10. 1 26 3047 3033 30-414 37-5 4:30 p 1 0.0 7 A 237 236 21.7 8.2 27 30-33 30.05 30.118 34-5 4 P 28.5 r A 3'-5 30.8 30.3 4.6 28 30.46 30.10 30.224 340 10 A 14.5 12 p 24-3 269 23-7 8.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Q o a > C 41 C •-'"" >. rt E nl i^ rt •■« = rt «'o ^ O 4) a; 3 a S(2 Sfc Sail Wind. l6.S 36-5 21.0 24.0 25 o 27.0 235 6.5 21.0 24-5 30.5 22.0 10.5 90 18.5 '35 -80 6.0 30.0 320 20.5 26.0 31-5 (6.0 1 1.5 165 2S.5 17-5 .184 .264 .185 155 .165 .196 .167 .087 •137 .160 .192 .138 .1 12 .098 .118 .084 .038 .097 .196 .218 ..56 .158 .188 .124 .100 ..36 .174 .146 CL,Q 3 4) nl S - 3 C 3 O- m S "- Scud. SK Precipitation. Total in Indies. 79-5 84.0 61.0 86.5 84.0 77.0 79.0 70.5 87-5 86.0 92.5 880 65-5 70.5 88.0 72.S 82.0 800 86.5 85.0 72 o 92.0 95 5 745 80.0 73-5 92 5 69.0 S. s.s.vv. W.N.W W.N.W S.S. VV. W.N.W N.N.W. W.N.W S.S.VV. S.W. S.W. N N.W. N.W. S.W. N. N. N.N.E. S.S.W. S.S.W. w. w. N.N.E. s. N.N.W. N.W. S. W. N. W.N.W. 40 196 248 3'i 70 105 239 357 "3 23 79 117 X69 7- 56 264 208 126 85 206 102 14, 53 257 14 31 106 248 i.o 5-5 8.0 3-5 1.0 11.5 6.5 5-5 0.5 0.0 1-5 3-0 7-5 1.0 25 8.5 6.0 50 2.5 35 1-5 0.0 1.0 10 o 0.0 0.0 0.5 9.0 14 33 40 26 14 48 36 33 24 39 14 22 41 35 32 22 26 17 14 45 10 42 II p 10 A 4 P Z A 4 P 9P 6 p 9 A I P P A P A P P A 2 P 12 P 7P ;i A 7P 4 A 3 P II A I I F O A 9A 6 A 9 p II A 9 P 9A 6 A 5 A 3 A 3A 12 P I 1:00 A 12 M 6 p .18 12 P .02 5 P .16 i:30P .04 10 A T 5 P •55 I p .05 It p .SS 10 p •'5 2 1' .22 'Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was good winter weather with most of the variations and rapid changes which often mark the mid-winter season. Several thaws and snowstorms occurred but only one short period of extremely cold weather when the lowest temperature of the season was reached. A generally high bar- ometer prevailed and some of the storms occurred when the barometer was rnuch higher than normal. There were many gales although the total wind movement was comparatively small. There was sufficient snow to maintain fair sleighing about one-half the month. The mean barometer was unusually high and there were only three days when the maximum barometer was below 30 inches. The mimimum barometer was considerably above the normal giving a range of pressure considerably less than usual at this time of year. The total wind movement was a thousand miles less than usual, The wind was quite variable although nearly all was from the westerly directions. The m':)nth was slightly warmer than normal and the range of temperature was comparatively large. The period from the 13th to the 19th was the coldest part of the month. The mean dew-point and relative humidity were both slightly higher than usual. The total precipitation was slightly below the average and was well distributed throughout the month. A considerable portion of it occurred as snow although there were no very large storms. The amount of sunshine was about normal although the num- ber of cloudy days was large. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. BULLETIN No. 399. MARCH. 1922 Meteorolooical Observations o AT TllK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTUML EXPEUIMENT STATION. L;Uitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" \V. tlei,^lit of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Abo7 >> S-5 c « C ■""" >. re c rt i^ CO ™ = re Do M ■ = 1 c . Si 5 (U n i: 3 CJ 0. c 'c bi Indies. } B Q S5" SfcL, S3S v t; 3 > - rt ?J ■- c 'xs a W c 'a 0 c I 28.5 180 87.S N. 247 2.5 22 12 M 0 A 12 P 1. 15 2h 2 24.5 198 69.5 N.N.W. 226 4.0 28 8a 0 A 5 A -.01 h 3 29.5 240 67.5 N. 140 1-5 17 A 4 320 218 82.0 N. 21 0.0 — 3 P 5 1' T S 30.0 257 67.5 W.N. W. 75 0.0 6 3^-5 302 82.5 S.S.W. 63 0-5 10 10 P ■ 7 37-5 259 88.0 S.S. VV. 236 2.5 22 12 M 5 A 12 p •03 8 530 457 88.5 WS.W. 164 30 24 I A 0 A 10 A .22 9 41.0 329 80.5 N. 63 0.5 10 8 p lO 45-5 528 68.5 W. 87 '■•5 '7 4P 1 1 II 49-5 404 88.0 N.E. 143 5-5 y:> 8 P 5:30 P 12 P •29I 12 43-0 334 83.0 N.W J 84 3-5 26 I P '3 38.0 302 76.5 w.N.w; 299 5-0 32 12 M '4 36.0 352 625 N. 180 2.0 20 2 P ■ '5 38.0 257 92.0 N.N.E. "3 0.5 10 7 A 2 A 4:30 P .69 i6 37-5 326 70.0 WN.W. 67 .05 10 5 I' '7 44-0 342 87.5 S.S W. 301 6.5 36 6p 2 P 12 P •30 i8 46.5 395 83.0 S W. 345 lO.O 45 8 p 0 A 3A .01 '9 37-0 275 805 S.S.W. 224 1-5 •7 11 A 8 P 12 P .02 20 29.5 207 8t.o W.N.W 248 14.0 53 3 P 0 A 6p .05 T 21 24.5 196 675 W.N.W 4'7 8.0 40 2 A 22 24.0 236 55-5 N.W. 135 2.0 20 10 A 23 29.5 242 70 0 N.N.W. J 00 4.P 28 I P 12 M 3 P .04 T 24 31 0 300 60 0 N.N.E. 203 6.0 35 ir A ^5 325 368 52.5 N.W. 166 5-5 33 12 M 26 42.5 48 r 58.5 W.N.W. 120 2.0 20 5 P 27 36.5 282 77-5 W.N.W. 350 lO.O 45 I p 7A 8:30A T 28 23-5 264 48.5 N.W. 3091 7-5 39 2 P 29 34 5 340 60 0 W N.W. 235 6.5 36 12 M 30 32-5 309 59-5 N. W. 200 6.0 35 II A 'Kain or incited snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The season's progress which was well started in March, was arrested for about a week by the heavy storm of rain and snow which occurred on April ist. The last third of the month while practically free from precipitation was rather cold and several frosts were noted. The lowest temperature of the month was on the 22nd when the ground was frozen and ice formed on shallow water. At the close of the month the season was slightly backward compared with normal conditions. The wind was largely from the northwest quadrant and there were many gales the last half of the month. The records of the several weather elements show the followiug features : The mean barometer was rather high and the range of pressure nearly normal. The most marked period of low pressure was immediately following the high temperature on the loth, nth. The mean hourly temperature was slightly lower than the normal for April and the range was rather small. The minimum was 3° higher than the normal for this feature but came much later in the month than usual. The maximum was about two degrees higher than the normal and occurred quite early in the month. The mean dew point was practically normal and the relative humidity about five points above normal. The total precipitation was slightly less than usual and most of it occured before the middle of the month. The total wind movement was rather large due to several large daily movements. The sunshine record was nearly normal. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. BULLETIN No. 401. MAY. 1922 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTUIUL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" \V. Heij^ht of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Aboi'e sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instrutnents 72 ft. Time used, j^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.18, ist, 8 a Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.24, 19th, 9 a Reduced maximum reading 30.48; ist, 8 a Reduced minimum reading, 29.53, i9th, 9 x Mean semi-daily reduced 30.016 Monthly range 0.95 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Higliest 87.5, 30th, 4 p Lowest 28.0, ist, 6 A Mean hourly 59. 8 Mean of means of max. and min 60.0 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 53. 8 Monthly range 59.5 Highest mean daily 69.2. 30th Lowest mean daily 44.9, 5th Mean maximum 74.5 Mean minimum 45.5 Mean daily range 29.0 Greatest daily range 42.0, ist Least daily range 7.0, 5th Humidity. Mean dew point 49.4 Mean force of vapor 512 Mean relative humidity 72.2 M'ind. Total movement 4516 m Greatest daily movement 398m, Sth Least daily movement 62m, 6th Mean daily movement 146m Mean hourly velocity 6.1m Maximum pressure per square foot, 11. o lbs = 47m per hour, 7th, 5 P, \V..S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 27 m per hour, Sth, 2 P.. N.W. Prevailing direction, West Northwest. Summary. South Southwest 19 per cent North Northwest 16 " " West Southwest 13 " " North Northeast . . .' 10 " " Northwest 10 " " Other directions 34 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 34 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . .119 hours = 26 per cent. Number of clear days 19 Number of fair days 9 Number of cloudy days 3 Briiiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 334, = 71 per cent. Kain. 4th, 5th, 7th. 13th, iSth, 19th, 25th, 26th. Frosts. 1st, I2th. Precipitation. In inches. iHail. 19th Total precipitation, in inches 5.47 Thunder and Liiihtniuii, 7th, 19th. Number of days on which .01 inch or more ^Gales. 47m, 7tli. W.SW.: 46m, 8tli, N.W.: rain fell 37m, nth, N.W.: 44m, 19th, S.S.W. 'Temperature in ground shelter. "Reduced to freezing and sea-level. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. iem perature . Grouii d Shelter. a s s "c >< P g ji 3 g s 3 s S 3 g 'S V E T3 V 3 c — £ 3 Ot/) I 30.48 30.27 30.406 70.0 3"-30 P 28.0 6 a 49-0 Si-4 43-7 13-I 2 30-36 30.08 30-193 78.5 3--30 P 405 6 a 59-5 60.9 50.3 12.5 3 30.12 29.97 30.054 82.0 2 }• 46.5 6 a 64-3 65.6 56.3 10.7 4 30.12 29.99 30.082 62.0 0 A 430 12 p 52.5 49-2 45-7 0.0 S 30.01 29.74 29.840 490 4P 42.0 4A 45-5 44-9 43-3 0.0 6 29.83 29.72 29.786 74.0 4P 42.0 6 A 58.0 56.0 53-5 1 1.8 7 29.78 29.60 29.725 750 3 P 49-5 4:3c A 62.3 58.5 54-5 6.2 8 30.05 29.78 29.942 685 4 P 490 6a 58.7 57-7 50.3 12.3 9 3022 3005 30-158 74.0 5 P 42 5 2:30 A 58.3 58.6 52.0 12.7 10 30.11 29.86 29.990 80.0 4 P 50.0 6 A 65.0 638 52.3 10.7 II 2990 29.62 29.766 73 5 12:30 p 44.0 5 A 58.7 59.8 57.3 '3-5 12 29.83 2973 29.829 675 4 P 32-5 6 A 50.0 52 0 47-5 12.0 '3 2997 29.82 29.866 69.0 3:30 P 390 6 A 54.0 55-8 51-3 lO.I '4 30.01 29.91 29-974 77-5 5:30 P 41.0 6 A 59-3 590 54-3 13-6 >5 29.94 29.78 29.870 81.5 2 P 42.0 6a 61.7 62.0 535 11.7 r6 30 13 29.88 30.098 78-5 3-3^ P 41.0 6 A 59-7 59-4 49-3 13-4 •7 30.19 30.05 30.147 72.5 2 p 42.5 6 A 57-5 56.7 48.0 12.0 i8 3005 29.64 29827 64.5 10:30 P 50 0 7 A 57-3 56.1 550 3-0 19 29.84 2953 29.674 70.0 5P 520 9P 61.0 605 55-7 7.6 20 29.92 29.83 29.878 76.5 2 p 50.0 5:30 A 633 (^3 3 59-7 II.O 2r 30.04 29.92 29.992 76.0 4:30 p 51.0 6 a 63-5 64-3 62.5 1 1.9 22 30-11 30.04 30.085 81.5 5P 550 3 A 683 67.0 61.5 13-4 .23 30.22 30.11 30.186 80.5 6 1' 51.0 6 A 65-7 64.8 577 14-1 24 30.31 30.22 30.271 82.0 5 P 43-5 6 a 62.7 63.8 58.3 13-6 25 30.24 29.92 30.050 70.0 I p 53-0 5:30 A 6. .5 60 9 58.7 6.7 26 30.06 29.88 29.925 83.0 3:30? 55.0 6 A 69.0 60.7 58.5 10.7 27 3030 30.06 30.244 63.0 6:30 p 46 0 12 P 54 5 54.2 47-5 10.9 28 30.30 30.1 I 30.206 78.5 5 P 38.0 5:30 A 583 58.5 48.7 13-5 29 30.11 30 01 30.064 82.5 3 P 47-0 5:30 A 64.7 66.4 57-7 14.0 30 3022 30.09 30.161 875 4 P 49.0 5 A 68.3 6g 2 63-3 ,13-6 31 3025 30.15 -,0.218 79-5 3 P 54.0 5:30 A 66.7 67 4 60.3 14.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Huimdity. Wind. h recipitation. £ Total in Q k4 a > u c . 1; in 3 Jf ^ £ 3 O- 0. bit c 'c be Inches. J_ rt C V D « 3 S2iX > 5 HS.5 m I-.' 0) 3 n: 0 V c ■55 u -5 c W ci •^ 0 c I 38.5 ■345 695 ws.w. III 2.0 20 4 P 2 39-0 •552 51.0 W.N.W. 173 4-5 30 2 P 3 5'-5 •563 68.0 S.S.VV. 158 3^o 24 7 P 4 45.0 •3'4 94^5 N.N.E. 179 1-5 17 4P 3:30A 12 P .98 5 41-5 .297 88.5 N.N.W. 220 2-5 22 12 M 0 A 10 P 1.45 6 51.0 •457 84. 0 W.N.W. 62 0.0 — 7 52 5 .470 86.0 W.S.W 218 II.O 47 5 P 6 A I2.M .iS 8 42 0 .488 57-0 N.W 398 105 46 2 p 9 46.0 .490 64.0 N.N.W. 187 4^5 30 2 p lO 46.0 .516 62.0 N.N.W. "3 3^o 24 5 P ( I 53-5 •555 76.0 N. 226 7.0 37 3 P r2 40.5 .416 61.5 N.N.E. 118 1-5 17 3 P '3 46.0 .472 660 N.N.E. 83 ;.o 14 12 M 4:30 P 5 P T '4 51.0 .498 77-5 N. 83 05 10 8 p '5 46.0 •370 6t.o N.N.W. 66 05 10 4P (6 41.0 .469 56.5 S.S.VV. 124 4-5 30 7 P '7 41.5 .422 62.0 s. 1 40 1-5 17 4 P iS 54.0 •455 93^5 N.E. 140 1^5 '7 10 p 3:30^ 12 P I. go '9 54.5 •477 90 0 s.s w. 316 9^5 44 7 P 0 A 10:30 P •85 20 56.5 .608 76.0 s.s.w. 193 4^5 30 I p 21 61.0 .614 87^5 ws.w. 83 15 17 2 I' 22 56.5 .719 63^5 N.W. 76 0.5 10 I I A 23 52.5 .627 635 N.N.W. 1 10 ©•5 10 3 P 24 530 .632 65 0 W.S.W. 65 25 22 ri I' 25 56.5 .541 86.0 s.s.w. '34 I.O 14 9P I r A 10 P .1 1 26 54-5 ■594 74 5 w. 90 15 17 2 p 8 p i 9P T 27 43-5 •376 76.0 E.N.E 122 1.0 14 7 A 2S 510 •489 79^o s.w. 82 05 10 7 P 29 50s .683 54^5 N.W. 147 2^5 22 2 P 30 59-5 •722 71 0 S.E. 77 '•5 17 3 P 31 56-5 .632 72^5 S.s.w. 216 5.0 32 4 P •*Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was generally seasonable and pleasant. A slight gain was made in the season's progress so that at the close of the month the season was about one week behind the normal. Only two frosts were recorded, both before the middle of the month, and the last one was very light. The precipitation was heavy, but practically all of it occurred in two well defined storms. There were only three cloudy days, and the amount of sunshine re- corded was unusually large. About sixty per cent of the days were clear. The records of the several weather elements compared with their respective normals show the following features : The mean barometer was high and the range more than usual for this time of year. Fluctuations of pressure were generally slow and small. The total wind, movement was slightly less than the normal, although there were several gales. The direction of the wind was more varia- ble than usual. The mean hourly temperature was more than two degrees higher than the normal and the minimum temperature, while rather low, came so early in the month that it was not noticeable. In general, the daily temperature increased gradually as the month progressed. The mean dew point and relative humidity were both rather high. The total precipitation was about 50 per cent more than the normal and nearly all of it occurred during two storms of nearly equal duration and intensity. These storms were about two weeks apart and afforded ample moisture up to the close of the month. The last frost was recorded on the 12th, which is slightly earlier than the average date. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. AMHERST, MASS. BULLETIN No. 402. JUNE, 1922 Meteoroloo'ical Observations o AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTUML EXPElilMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. flei_^ht of ha ro meter above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, y^t/i Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches Maximum reduced to freezin Minimum reduced to freezin; Reduced maximum reading Reduced minimum reading, Mean semi-daily reduced 29.963 Monthly range o.Si 30.21, ist, o A 9.40, nth, 2 p Air Temperature. Win.l, 2992, 1st, o A Potal movement 3S27 m 29.12, nth, 2 P Greatest daily movement 35om, 12th Least daily movement 39m, 30th Mean daily movement n8m Mean hourly velocity 4.qm Maximum pressure per square foot. 15.5 lbs = 56m per hour, 12th, 1 p, W.N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 42 m per hour, i2th, 2 p., W.N.W. Prevailing direction, Southwest. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 90.0, 9th, 1:30 p Lowest 43.0, 13th, 6 A Mean hourly 66.5 Mean of means of max. and min 67.4 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 63.2 Monthly range 47.0 Highest mean daily 75.5 9th Lowest mean daily 59.4, 19th Mean maximum 77.4 Mean minimum 75.4 Mean daily range 20.0 Greatest daily range 34.0, 5th Least daily range 5.0, 21st Humidity. Mean dew point 61.4 .Mean force of vapor 646 Mean relative humidity 85. 9 Precipitation. In inches. Summary. South Southwest 33 per cent Southwest 13 " " West Northwest 13 " " South 10 " " Other directions 31 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 56 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 191 hours = 42 per cent. Number of clear days 10 Number of fair days 13 Number of cloudy days 7 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 266, = 58 per cent. Kain, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, loth, nth, 15th, 17th, iSth, 19th, 20th, 2ist, 22d, 23d, 25th, 27th, 2Sth, 29th. Thunder and Liiihtninii, 9th, nth. 15th 25th, 2Sth, 29th. Total precipitation, in inches 9.68 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 17 Gales. 4"". "th, S; 56m, 12th, W.N.W I •Temperature in ground shelter. "Reduced to freezing and sea-level. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to 0 Sea Level. Temperature . Ground Shelter (4 S S 3 £ "3 S3S e s S 6 S £ 3 2?d 5 0) rt C 3 cr 1> bi c 'c bi Inches. J rl Q 3 1) lU D = '5 tj > > C V >, a = ^ " CS >> .>2 = 5 c bi c c be Indies. Q * >> C 4) rt ^ £ > (U 3>i ■ss^ 1/1 u 1) a li c c c i rt ifo "U 0 - 0 0 JS 2i S3 ~ 0 £ 'So x) 0 c Si, Si, S:^X £5 HS.5 Sa-a, SS H 4J OQ W X c I 6. .5 .620 88.5 s.w. 53 30 24 7 P 6 p 9:30 I' .46 2 62.0 .642 87^5 N.E. 3« 0.0 — 10:30 p 1 1 -.30 P T 3 .61.5 .702 78.5 S.W. 44 0.0 4 635 .660 89.0 S.S W. 40 0.0 — 7:30 A 4 I' .06 5 59-5 .630 81.0 W.N.W. 50 I.O 14 3 P 6 59-5 •751 680 S.S.W. 113 2.0 20 3 ^ 7 65 0 .776 79.0 s.s.w. 218 4.0 28 4 ^ 0:30 A ii:30p .24 8 570 .564 85.0 N.N.E. III I 5 17 12 M 4:30 A II 1' .04 9 5'-5 .540 71.0 N.N.E. 112 0.0 — lO 53-5 •565 730 N.E. 76 0.0 — 1 1 540 .567 75-5 E.N.E. 93 1.0 14 2 P 12 56.5 •535 86.5 N.N.E. 54 0.0 — 3 ■' 8p .20 '3 6. .5 .640 890 S.W. 51 0 0 — '4 63.5 .698 860 S.S.W. 53 0.0 — '5 65.0 .772 82.5 S. 56 0 0 — i6 67.0 • .867 765 S.W. 95 0.0 — '7 64.9 .760 79.0 E. 50 0.0 — 2:30 P 3--30 P .06 [8 69.5 ■S33 880 S. 151 3^o 24 4 I' 9 '' 12 p .46 '9 66.0 .691 930 S.S w. 102 0.0 — 0 A 6:30 p .82 20 47-5 .496 67.5 N. 232 3^0 24 I r 21 50-5 .518 72.0 N. 154 4.0 28 12 M 22 50 0 •570 65.5 S.S.W. 78 i.O 14 2 p 23 60.0 .720 740 s. 217 3-5 26 4 1' 24 64.0 .695 S55 s. 86 '•5 17 10 !• 0 A 1 2:30 p •36 25 66.5 •752 87.0 S S.W. 248 5-5 33 10 P •5:30 A 6p .09 26 590 .550 92.0 N.W. 131 30 24 0 A 4:30 A ii:30A .65 27 59-5 •547 945 N.N.E. 44 0.0 — — 3:30 y 12 p .46 28 59-5 ■536 945 N.E. "5 1.0 14 10 A 0 A 9:30 A •35 29 57-5 ■635 765 S. 38 0 0 — 8:30 P 9P T 30 59-5 .623 84.5 N. 71 0.5 10 5P 31 575 •59« 81.0 W. 33 0.0 'Rain or melted snow at Ijase of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during August was generally normal with few features of special interest. The second week of the month was rather cool and the third week was the warmest period of month. The last week of the month had considerably foggy weather and the precipitation was considerable. The maximum daily temper- ature was above 80 degrees on about one-half the days but there was practically no excessively warm weather. The records of the several weather elements show the follow- ing features : The barometer was very steady and the mean pres- sure for the month was practically normal. The total wind move- ment was slightly less than usual and no gales were registered on the pressure chart. The wind was from the southwest quadrant more than usual and there was considerable wind from the north- east quadrant as well. On about one-half the days the wind move- ment was so small that no pressure was recorded on the pressure chart. The maximum and minimum temperatures were both nearly the average values for this month and the mean temperature was practi- cally normal. The mean dew point was about normal and the relative humid- ity rather high. The total precipitation was slightly more than the normal and there were numerous thunderstorms but they were of much less in- tensity than those of July. The sunshine record was large, considering the character of the other weather elements. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. H. SHEPARD, Acting Observer. BULLETIN No. 405. SEPTEMBER. 1922 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGllICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, jr ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj Wifiii Instruments y 2 ft. Time used, j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.15, 26th, 8 A Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.38, 24tli, 7 p Red\iced maximum reading 30.46, 26th, 8 a Reduced minimum reading, 29.67, 26th, 7 p Mean semi-daily reduced 30.114 Monthly range 0.79 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 86.5, 5th, 4:30 p Lowest 30.0,26th, 7 A Mean hourly 62.8 Mean of means of max. and min 64.0 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 57.3 Monthly range 56.5 Highest mean daily 73.1, 10th Lowest mean daily 47.3, 26th Mean maximum 75.9 Mean minimum 52.1 Mean daily range 23.8 Greatest daily range 39.5, 23d Least daily range 11. 5, 7th Hnoiidity. Mean dew point 54. S Mean force of vapor 539 Mean relative humidity 83.4 Precipitaiion. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 2.27 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell S •Temperature in ground shelter. "Reduced to freezing and sea-level. Wind. Total movement 2775 m Greatest daily movement 194m, 25th Least daily movement 26m, 5th Mean daily movement g2m Mean hourly velocity 3.9m Maximum pressure per square foot, 4.5 lbs = 30m per hour, 15th, 8 p, S. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24 m per hour, 15th, 7 p., S. Prevailing direction, Southwest. Summary. South Southwest 30 per cent Southwest 17 " " South 10 " " North Northeast 10 " '" Other directions 33 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 41 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 142 hours = 38 per cent. Number of clear days 10 Number of fair days 12 Number of cloudy days 8 Bri{>ht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 231 = 62 per cent. Kain, 3d, 4th, 6th, I2tli, 14th, 15th, 20th, 24th. Frosts. First, J9th. Frosts, Killing, 26tli. Thunder and Li^htninii, 3d, 4th, 6th, 12th, I 14th, ijtli, 24th. Gales, none. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to OJ Sea Level. Temperature . Ground Shelter S 3 £ B 3 S ■5 .-a E 3 £ V E 3 £ a3 T3 . — ' 0) V 3 w C 3 a 01 'S 4) C of £ 'S s P, d c 2 CO o.Sf Q s s ^C/} S H s H 0) 0 »Z ^^^ =^« I 30-14 30.07 30.108 82.0 4P 53-0 6 A 67.5 67.1 60.3 9-5 2 30-15 30.11 30.136 79.0 5 1- 62.0 6 A 70.5 68.0 63-7 7 '5 3 30.15 30.00 30.052 78.0 2 P 64-5 5 A 71-3 70.1 66.3 4.1 4 30.00 29.91 29.932 77.0 5:30 p 62.0 12 P 69.5 69.3 66.5 30 5 29.96 29.91 29.941 86.5 4:30 P 550 6:30 A 70.7 68.0 59-7 II. 7 6 30.06 29.91 29.962 77.0 1:30 P 58.5 6 A 67.7 67-5 63.5 3-9 7 30.22 30.06 30.206 66.0 4:30 P 54-5 7 A 60.3 61.6 56.5 49 8 3032 30.22 30-316 740 3 P 55-5 7 A 64.7 64.8 59-3 9-7 9 30.31 30.16 30.249 74-5 4P 61.0 7 A 677 67.1 63-3 5-3 lO 30.16 30.03 30.099 84.5 4P 67.0 3 A 75-7 73-1 67.0 7.2 II 30.06 29.92 29.9S7 845 3P 66.5 6 A 75-5 72.7 66.5 8.0 12 29.92 29.83 29.860 73-5 9:30 A 61.0 i2 P 67.3 677 645 2.2 «3 3001 29.90 29.998 750 4 P 5f 0 6:30 A 6^.0 633 57.0 11-5 14 30.10 30.01 30.056 75-5 2:3c P 56.5 6 A 660 65-4 613 4-4 '5 30.11 30.01 30.066 84.5 "3P 60.0 5 A 72.3 70.0 65 s 7-1 i6 30.15 30.0S 30.120 75-0 4P 57-0 12 P 66.0 64-3 56-3 10.6 '7 3029 30.15 30.206 66.5 4 P 44-5 7 A 55-5 550 49-0 7-5 i8 3043 30.29 30-372 66.5 3P 41.0 6:30 A 53 7 52-5 46.7 8.5 19 30.43 30.31 30.362 69.5 3P 35-0 6:30 A 523 52.2 47-3 4-0 20 30.31 30.09 30.138 69.5 4 P 52.0 5 A 60.7 58.5 54-5 4-5 21 30.14 30-05 30.092 76.5 4P 51.0 3 A 63-7 61.7 55-3 10 2 22 30.12 29.97 30.048 79-5 4 P 42.0 7 A 60 7 59-5 523 II.O 23 30.02 29.97 29.998 84.0 4 P 44-5 7 A 64-3 63.8 60.0 10.5 24 2997 29.07 29.789 82.5 3--30 P 49.0 7 A 657 63-9 56.0 7 3 25 30.34 29.82 30.192 62.0 4P 41.0 12 P 51-5 53-3 44-5 II.O 26 30.46 30.25 30.364 64.0 4 P 30.0 7 A 47-0 47-3 38.5 II.O 27 30.25 30.07 30.138 72.0 4 P 39 5 7 A 55-7 55-7 49-7 10.5 28 30.30 30.16 30.268 71.0 4:30? 45.0 7 A 58 0 56-3 51-5 10. 1 29 30.26 30 12 30.191 81.5 4P 50.0 5 A 657 61 I 57-5 7-3 30 30.21 30.13 30.190 85.0 4 P 54-0 7 A 695 63.S 59.0 6.9 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind P recipitation. (^ Total in C 0 a > V in 5 3 a- u 0. c 'c ti Indies. # Q V i> s > 4 60.0 .581 89.0 S.W. 78 10 14 U P 9:30 p 1 2:00 p .20 '5- 64.0 .692 '895 W.N.W. 129 4-5 30 8 p 8p 9P .28 i6 53-5 ■519 79-5 N.N.E. 178 1.0 14 3 i^ '7 46.5 .381 84.0 N.N.E. 83 0-5 10 9 A i8 44-5 •34S 84.5 N. 50 2.0 20 II A '9 44-5 •373 81.5 N.E. 40 1.0 14 2 P 20 52.0 .448 905 S. 67 00 — 8 a 8:30 A •03 21 52.5 •503 79 5 W.S.W. 61 0.0 — 22 490 .450 79-5 S.W. 57 0.0 — — 23 59.0 •544 9i^5 S.W. 35 0.0 — 24 53-0 .522 79-5 N.W. 83 40 28 6 1' 4:30 p 5 P .01 25 37-5 •358 64.0 N. 194 2-5 22 1 p 26 32.5 .270 72.0 S.W. 7?> 0.5 10 3 P 27 45-5 .424 72.5 S.S w. 168 2.0 20 I p 28 49-5 .415 86.0 S.S.W 66 0-5 10 10 p 29 56.S .508 92.0 S.S.W. 75 0.0 — — 30 57-S .546 91.0 S.S.W. 65 0.0 ••Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during September was in general normal with but few unusual features. The first half of the month had several thunder storms and the precipitation for that period was practically normal. The last half of the month was practically without rain and but little cloudy weather. The first appearance of frost was on the 19th and it was very light and did no damage. On the morning of the 26th a moderately heavy frost was noted and uncut corn was damaged. The records of the several weather elements show the follow- ing features : The mean barometer was rather high and the range of pressure relatively small. Change in pressure was generally slow. As a result of the steady pressure the total wind movement was only about 80 per cent of the normal and no gales were recorded. The persistency of the wind from the southwest quadrant was about as marked as during July and August and the relative humidity was correspondingly high. The month was slightly warmer than usual although there were no very high temperatures. The range of temperature was slightly more than normal. The mean dew point was about a degree higher than normal. The total precipitation was slightly more than one-half the usual amount and nearly all of it was accompanied by thunder and lightning. The amount of sunshine was considerably more than normal although there were several cloudy days. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDGSKOG, Observer. LIBRARY Of THE :assarhiisftts Ajrriciiltiinil College, AMHERST, MASS. BULLETIN No. 406. OCTOBER. 1922 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGllICULTURAL EXPEIIIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' lo" VV. Height of harometer above grounJ, jr ft. Above sea level, 2'/j.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, y^ih Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.18,13111, 12 P Minimum reduced to freezing^, 29.21, 25th. 3 p Reduced maximum reading 3049, ijth,i2 p Reduced minimum reading, 29.50, 25th, 3 p Mean semi-daily reduced 59.988 Monthly range 099 Air Teniperalure. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 88.5, 2d, 4P Lowest 20.5,;2ist, 7:30 A Mean hourly 5o-5 Mean of means of max. and min 51.7 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 44.9 Monthly range 6S.0 Highest mean daily 68.6, 5th Lowest mean daily 36.3,21st Mean maximum 63.3 Mean minimum 40.2 Mean daily range 23.1 Greatest daily range 39.0, 2d Least daily range 5.0, 7th Humidity. Mean dew point 40.3 Mean force of vapor 362 Mean relative humidity 75.5 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 2.55 . Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 6 •Temperature in ground shelter. "Reduced to freezing and sea-level. Wind. Total movement 4670 lu Greatest daily movement 322m, 31st Least daily movement 21m, 2d Mean daily movement 151m Mean hourly velocity 6.3ni Maximum pressure per scjuare foot, 9.0 lbs = 42m per hour, 23d, 9P,S.S. W.; 24th, iiA N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 27 m per hour, 24th, 1 1 A., N.W. Prevailing direction, WestJSouthwest. Summary. South Southwest 29 per cent West Southwest 13 " " Northwest '3 '' " North 10 " " North Northeast 10 " '' Other directions 25 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 32 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 151 hours = 44 per cent. Number of clear days 8 Number of fair days 13 Number of cloudy days 10 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 190 = 56 per cent. Rain, 7th, 8th, loth, nth, 17th, 23d. Frosts. 14th, 20th, 2ist, 2Sth, 29th,3oth. Ice formed, 21st. Thunder and Li&htninii, 8th, 23d Gales. 4ini, iSth: \V.; 42m, 23d, S. S. W.: 42m. 24th N. \V.; 36m. 30th. N.; 35m. 31st, N. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to OJ Sea Level. Temperature . Ground Shelter v.- C S £ B 3 s 3 E d> S 3 g i> 3aa 1 ^ '5 Se S 'c S ^ d « S 3 a Si 5 n! S cv 0 M Q s is s 1) S H s H S2S not: %^^ ^ffl I 30.27 30.16 30.225 85-5 4P 50.5 6 A 68.0 64.4 58.3 7-2 2 30.19 30.00 30.090 S8.5 41^ 49-5 7 A 69.0 62.6 55-5 8.0 3 30.04 29.91 29993 83.5 2:3c P 51-5 7 A 67-5 64-3 55-3 7.6 4 30.09 29.85 29.982 73-5 4:30 p 390 7:30 A 56.3 55-9 49.0 9-3 s 29.87 29.78 29-833 85-S 2:30 P 55-5 5:30 A 70.5 68.6 61.7 9.1 6 3003 29.87 29.996 64 0 4 P 53-5 7:30 A 58.7 57-9 53-0 5-5 7 30.04 29.80 29.959 55-0 2 P 50.0 12 P 52.5 52.1 50.3 0.0 8 29.80 29.62 29.650 67-5 9P 50.0 0 A 587 57-0 59-5 0.1 9 30.09 29.73 29.947 76.0 4P 56.5 12 P 66.3 635 57-5 9.1 lO 3009 2991 29.997 61.5 3P 54-5 7 A 58.0 567 56.3 0.0 II 29.91 29.73 29.790 69.5 4:30 p 55-0 6 A 62.3 590 57-7 0.2 12 30.09 2975 29940 65.0 3P 44.0 12 P 54.5 55-3 46.7 6.8 '3 3049 30.09 30419 59-0 4:30 p 33-5 12 P 46.3 44-3 38-0 10.3 M 3049 30.23 30.378 63 0 3P 28.0 7 A 45-5 45-9 40.7 8.0 '5 30.23 29.91 30.004 6S.5 3P 51-0 7A 59 7 56.0 52.5 4.0 i6 29.97 29.86 26.928 73-0 4 P 48.5 5 A 60.7 58.4 55-7 3-3 I? 29.92 29.72 29.822 70.0 4P 44 5 12 P 57-3 584 49 5 5-1 i8 30-14 29.89 30.014 53-0 I ■■30 P 35-0 12 P 44.0 42.7 35-3 7-7 '9 30.28 30.02 30.162 50.0 3:30 P 230 6 A 36.5 37.0 293 9-7 20 30.34 30.02 30.272 480 3P 27.0 12 P 37 5 37.8 295 8-3 21 30.38 30.23 30.320 54-5 3P 20.5 7:30 A 37-5 363 305 96 22 30.27 30.11 30.192 66.0 3:30? 29.0 3 A 47-5 46.4 38.3 7 3 23 30.11 29.51 29.758 63.0 3P 43-0 6 A 53-0 52.4 51.0 1-3 24 29.87 29.56 29.786 47.0 0 A 30.5 12 P 38.7 39-3 32-5 6.6 25 2686 29.50 29.6:6 59-5 2:30 P 29-5 2 A 44-5 45.2 40.5 3-3 26 29.80 2953 29.661 50 0 I P 34-5 12 P 423 42.9 35 5 3-8 27 29.81 29.67 29760 45.0 6p 29-5 7 A 37-3 38.0 34-0 1.4 28 30.01 29.74 29919 49.0 3 P 30-0 7 A 39-5 38.9 32-0 9-3 29 30.07 29.97 30.048 530 2:30? 29.0 6a 41 0 40.0 327 94 30 30.06 29.96 30.056 550 1:30 p 3>-5 7 A 43-3 41 9 34-0 94 30.19 30 00 30.090 60.0 2:30 p 3S.0 6 A 49.0 47.0 393 9.2 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. Precipita tion. £ Total in 4) Q 0 a nl > to ■^ *•* £3^ 0) bi c c bi Inches. 1 > 0) D 1- 0 o"* (M U I. 20- a. — 0 V £ c ti c '■3 c d 3< f 0 c I 56.0 •547 86.5 s.s.w. 49 0.0 _ 2 53-5 .480 88.0 s.s.w. 21 0.0 — 3 51.0 ■535 72.0 N.N.E. 70 I.O 14 4 P 4 46.5 .400 83.0 S.S.W. 92 I.O 14 SP S 590 .654 7«^5 w.s.w. 152 I 5 17 2 p 6 5'-5 ■438 85.0 SE. 74 0.0 10 7 49.0 ■379 92.0 E.S.E. 48 0.0 — 5:30 P 12 P •50 8 590 •537 96.0 S.S W. 56 0.5 10 5 P 0 A 8p .70 9 55-5 •5-7 835 S.W. 5« 0.0 — 10 55-5 .458 97.0 N.N.E. 88 0.0 — 1:30 A 12 p •93 1 1 56 0 •509 905 S.S.W. 113 50 32 3 P 0 A 2:30? .07 [2 40.0 .401 62.5 w.s w. 255 2^5 22 2 p '3 32-5 .266 695 N.N.E. 103 '•5 17 9A '4 36.5 •3'2 75-5 S.s.w 109 30 24 8 p '5 51.0 ■419 91.0 s. 83 0.0 — i6 54-5 •4S3 90.5 S.S.W. 96 '•5 17 4 P 17 44 -o .4t2 74-5 N.W. 175 50 32 3 P 7 A 9:30 A .1 1 18 27.0 .250 59.0 W.N.W. 302 8-5 41 5 P '9 20.0 .194 58.0 W.S.W. 157 2-5 22 9P 20 240 .182 725 N. 245 30 24 3 A 21 24.5 •193 70^5 W.S.W. 68 0.0 — 22 32-5 .286 675 s.s.w. 76 I.O 14 6p 23 49 5 •397 90.5 S.S.W. 279 9.0 42 9P 4P 1 0:30 P .24 24 24.5 .222 61.0 N.W. 312 90 42 H A 25 34-5 .312 65 0 S.W. 206 4-5 30 I P 26 28.S .250 64 0 N.W. 256 4.0 28 3 P 27 29.5 .222 73-5 WN.W. 169 1-5 17 I p 28 24.0 .214 62.0 N.W. 165 2-5 22 4P 29 22.5 .228 56.0 N.N.W. 197 4^5 30 I P 30 27-5 .226 67.5 N. 274 6.5 36 3P 30.5 .302 57.0 N. 322 6.0 35 4P •*Rain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was generally seasonable and more pleasant than usual. Comparatively few stormy days occurred and the amount of sunshine was large. While the range of temperature was large the month proved to be more mild than normally the case. The first week of the month was unusually warm and several very high temperatures for the time of year were noted. The wind move- ment was rather large with an abnormal amount from the southwest quadrant. The persistancy of the wind from this quarter has been a marked feature of the weather for several months. The precipita- tion was very light after the first third of the month. Comparing the records of the several weather elements with their respective normals the following features are noted : The mean bar- rometer was low for this time of year and the range was rather small. The total wind movement was more than ten per cent greater than the normal and a number of gales were recorded the last third of the month. The gales, however, were of only moderate intensity. The mean temperature was but slightly greater than the normal, notwithstanding the general impression that the month was much milder than usual. The maximum temperature was nearly ten de- grees higher than usual and the minimum a few degrees lower than usual, giving a very large range for the month. Thin ice was formed in shallow places on the 21st, a date much earlier than usual. Sev- eral days showed an average hourly temperature equal to good sum- mer weather. The mean due point and relative humidity were both practically normal. The total precipitation was about two-thirds of the normal and nearly all of it occurred during two well defined storms. The amount of sunshine was about ten per cent greater than nor- mal although the number of cloudy days was rather large. Two thunder storms were noted which was rather unusual. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. Mas.achus.Us A.ncnUural » AMHERST, MASS. BULLETIN No. 407. NOVEMBER, 1922 Meteorolooical Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGllICULTURAL EXPEllIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, J/./?. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj Witiii Instruments J2 ft. Time used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Miiximuni reduced to freezing,- 3o.oS,i3th, 9A Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.05, 24th. 4.^ Reduced maximum reading 30.39. 13th, 9A Reduced minimum reading, 29.36, 24th, 4.^ Mean semi-daily reduced 30.015 Monthly range 103 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 66.0, ist 3 p Lowest 14-5, 27th, 6a Mean hourly 39- 1 Mean of means of max. and min 39. 5 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 34.6 Monthly range 51.5 Highest mean daily 51.5, 12th Lowest mean daily 24.0, 27th Mean maximum 47.6 Mean minimum 31.3 Mean daily range 16.3 Greatest daily range 36.0, 2d Least daily range 3.5, 7th Humidity. Mean dew point 29.4 Mean force of vapor 237 Mean relative humidity 73.4 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 1.56 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 7 •Temperature in ground shelter. ••Reduced to freezing and sea-level. Wind. Total movement 4566 lu Greatest daily movement 333m, 25th Least daily movement 39m, 4th Mean daily movement 152m .Mean hourly velocity 6.3m Maximum pressure per square foot, 9.0 lbs = 42ni per hour, 24th, 4 p, N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 32 m per hour, 24th, IP., N.W. Prevailing direction. Northwest. Summary. Northwest 27 per cent North Northwest 10 " " South Southwest i3 " " West Northwest 10 " " Nortli Northeast 10 " '■ North 10 " " Other directions 10 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 40 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 1S4 hours = 63 per cent. Number of clear days 3 Number of fair days 11 Number of cloudy days 16 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 109 = yj per cent. Rain, 2d, 3d, 6th, 7th, Sth, 14th, 15th, 2otli Snow, 24th, 27th, 28th. Frosts, bebore the i6th, ist, 2d, loth, 13th, 14th. Hail. 20th. Ciales, 35 or more miles per hour, 42m, 24th, N. \V. DAILY SUMMARY. Baremeter Reduced to a Sea Level. Temperature . Ground Shelter a 3 s e s s e V S s a -a >. ij ii c 2E e 'c B § S c: !? 5 t^ 2 c »; o.2f Q s i s H i H 0) C7 .-H 0) 0 u Sc^^ I 30.31 30.19 30.269 66.0 3P 31.0 7:30 A 48.5 45.1 35-5 9.4 2 30.28 30.10 30.188 61.0 3:30 P 25,0 7 A 43.0 41 8 36.0 7-4 3 30.27 30.13 30.216 44.0 C A 40.0 12 P 42.0 41.5 '40.0 0.0 4 30.28 30.27 30.276 48.0 5 P 40.0 6 A 44.0 43.6 423 0.0 s 30.29 30.14 30.237 52-5 2:30 p 430 6a 47-7 467 43.5 0.0 6 30.21 30.12 30.163 48.0 4P 40.5 6 A 44.3 44.2 430 0.0 7 30-17 30.02 30.118 44.0 OA 405 10 A 42.3 41.8 42.0 0.0 8 30.02 29.70 29.820 4S.0 4 P 42.0 0 A 45-3 44.2 42.3 0.1 9 30.20 29.72 29.982 53.0 2 P 330 12 P 430 43-3 35.7 4.9 10 30.33 30.20 30.288 53-5 3P 260 7 A 39 7 39-9 33.3 9.0 II 3025 30.04 30.156 62.5 3-30 P 41.0 7 A 51 7 48.6 40.0 6.3 12 30.26 30.03 30.124 60.5 I P 4F 0 12 P 50.7 51.5 44.3 3-3 '3 3039 30.26 30.344 52.0 3P 28.0 7:30 A 40 0 38.9 30.5 8.7 14 3030 30.03 30.192 48.5 8:30 p 23.0 7 A 35 7 37-6 33.5 2.3 15 30.03 29.80 29.856 53.0 2 P 430 12 P 48.0 48.5 44 0 0.0 t6 30.25 29.85 30 086 44-5 4 P 340 12 P 39-3 39-6 33-5 7-4 '7 30.36 30.00 30.200 50.5 3:30 P 22.0 7 A 36.3 369 31.3 4.1 18 30.00 2977 29.909 53.0 2 P 37.5 4 A 45-3 45-4 405 0 0 19 29.89 29.76 29.849 575 3P 36.0 12 P 46.7 47.8 41.7 5.8 20 29.89 2975 29.800 46.0 5P 325 4 A 39-3 38.7 36.5 0.4 Z( 30.03 29.84 30.005 41.0 2 P 3'.o 12 P 36.0 36.1 32.0 30 22 30.02 29.87 29.932 35-5 r.30 p 27.0 12 P 31-3 30.7 26.7 0.6 23 29.94 29.40 29.725 42.0 2 p 20.0 7 A 3'.o 31.0 25-5 5.5 24 29.55 29.36 29.476 36.0 I A 270 12 P 31.5 32.3 27-5 6.2 25 29.65 29.54 29.614 33-5 3 P 23.5 7 A 285 27.4 23-3 4.3 26 2988 29.64 29.783 34.0 2 p 180 12 P 26.0 26 0 20.5 5.8 27 29.89 29.70 29.812 36.0 3 P 14.5 6a 25.3 24.0 21.7 I 5 28 29.92 2967 29.830 39-0 2:30 p 26.5 7 A 32.7 29.7 26.0 30 29 30.10 29.92 30.042 36.0 2 P 22.5 3 A 29.3 30.6 27.3 6.5 30 30.20 30.00 30.171 49 5 1:30 p 30.0 2 A 397 39.4 37 5 3-5 i i DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipitation. £ Total in Q 0 0. rt > >> .>;a = 1 £ 3 O' 11 bit c "c bi Indies. J >t s=' c o i! 0 a> 1) 3 £•- 0 0^ "^ " s :z 0 c Si rt 0 G Sa, St. Sciin: id HS.H So. a. SS H BQ W ai (^ I 31.0 •233 75-0 N.W. 124 0-5 10 3 A 2 30-5 .264 72.5 S.VV. 53 0.0 — 8p 12 P .12 3 37-5 .264 86.5 N.N.E. 93 0.0 — 0 A 5A •03 4 39-5 •293 83.0 S.E. 39 0.0 — 5 41.5 .301 87.0 N. 49 0.5 10 I p 6 42 0 .288 92.5 w.s.w. 42 0.0 — 7A 12 P •52 7 41.5 .271 96.0 N.N.E. 81 0.0 — 0 A 12 P .28 8 40.0 .286 87.0 N.N.W. 63 I.O '4 5 i^ 0 A 8:30? .12 9 295 .246 67 0 N..W. 232 50 32 II A lO 26.5 .246 655 W.N.W. 148 0.5 10 OA 1 1 32.0 •303 62.0 S.S.W. 132 I 0 '4 II P 12 3>i-5 355 655 N.W. 237 30 24 9 A •3 21.0 .206 56.5 W.N W. 143 1.0 14 3 P '4 27.0 .242 680 S.S.W. 64 2.0 20 10 P i:30P 6 p T '5 40.5 324 78.5 W. 212 3-5 26 4 A 6a 12 M •'5 i6 27.0 .250 65-5 N.W. 257 5-5 33 10 A '7 27.0 .202 74-5 W. 133 2-5 22 4 I' i8 34-5 299 68.5 S.S W. 156 0.0 — '9 35 -o .321 660 WN.W. '74 25 22 7A 20 34-0 .232 835 N. 57 2 0 20 9P 6a I P ■34 21 27.0 .204 725 N.N.W. 260 40 28 2 p 22 20.5 .164 705 N.N.W. 194 2-5 22 5 P 23 195 .162 68.5 S.S.W 141 '•5 17 6p 24 21.0 ■167 730 N.W. 322 9.0 42 4 P 3A I P T T ^5 14.5 ■143 615 N.W. 333 5-5 33 2 p 26 12.5 .128 62 0 N.W. 216 I 5 17 10 A 27 18.5 .128 84.0 N.N.E. 69 '•5 17 10 P 8 p 12 P T T 28 22.0 .150 80.0 N. 229 30 24 8p 0 A 3A T T 29 21.0 .169 68.5 N.W. '93 3-0 24 I p 30 30.5 .272 62.0 W. 120 0.5 10 2 A **Kain or malted snow at base of tower. Included in following: day. REMARKS The weather during November was practicall}^ normal, except the precipitation record. The total amount of rain was small, and more than one-half of it occurred during a single storm early in the month. As the precipitation was below normal in Septem- ber and October, the ground is very dry at the beginning of the Winter season. Notwithstanding the small rainfall during the month the amount of cloudiness was large. While a large per- centage of the wind was from the Northwest quadrant the wind was very changeable. The records of the several weather elements show the follow- ing features of interest : The mean barometer was slightly lower than the normal and the range rather small for the time of year. The pressure was generally high during the first half of the month. The first third of the month had a rather small wind movement. The mean hourly temperature was one-half of a degree higher than the normal, while the maximum and minimum records were about the average values. There were only a few frosts before the middle of the month. The mean dew point and relative humidity were both slightly less than their normal values. The total precipitation was about one-half the normal. Traces of snow were noted on a few days near the close of the month. The total wind movement was normal and but one gale was re- corded. The amount of sunshine was considerably less than the nor- mal and more than one-half the days were recorded as cloudy. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. BULLETIN No. 408. DECEMBER, 1922 Meteorolooical Observations o AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W. ffe/^^ht of barometer above ground, ^t ft. Above sealevel, 2jj.^ ft. Height of IVind Instrufnents y2 ft. Titne used, y^tliMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maxiniinn reduced to freezing, 30.36, nth, 9A Mininiiiin reduced to freezing, 29.35, 29th. lA Reduced maximum reading 30,69 nth, 9A Reduced minimum reading, 29.67, 29th, lA Mean semi-daily reduced 30.151 Montlily range 1.02 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 54.0, ist, 4P Lowest -65, 20th, 7A Mean hourly 24,7 Mean of means of max. and min 25.1 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 22.2 Monthly range 60.5 Highest mean daily 46.7, ist Lowest mean daily 6.1,20th Mean maximum 33.6 Mean minimum 16.5 Mean daily range 17.1 Greatest daily range 35.0, 31st Least daily range S.o, 17th Hamidity. Mean dew point 1S.3 Mean force of vapor 139 Mean relative humidity 81. 8 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 315 Total snow, in inches iS.; Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 10 Days of sleighing 18 •Temperature in ground shelter. "Reduced t6 freezingand sea-level. Wina. Total movement 4256 m Greatest daily movement 467m, 6th Least daily movement 34m, 20th Mean daily movement 137m Mean hourly velocity 5.7m Maximum pressure per square foot, 16.5 lbs = 57m per hour, 29th, lA., N. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36 m per hour, 29th, OA., N. Prevailing direction. West. Summary. North 13 per cent Northwest 16 " South, Southwest 16 " Southwest 13 " North Northwest 10 " Other directions 32 " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 54 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 197 hours = 70 per cent. Number of clear days 2 Number of fair days 10 Number of cloudy days 19 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 86 = 30 per cent. Rain, 5th, 8th, 12th, 15th, 17th. Snow. 3d, 5th, 7th, 8th, 12th, 14th, 17th, 20th, 2ist, 28th, 2gth. Sleet. Sth, 28th. Gales, 35 or more miles per hour, 37m, 2d, N.W.; 42m, 5th, N.W.; 49ni, 6th, N.W.; 49m, i2th, N.W.; 35m, 13th, W.N.W.; 46m, 28th, N.N.E.: 57m. 29th, N. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature Ground Shelter. S £ rt E S "3 a s S V S s 3 s 1 is 4) "3 get; 2S ^ 3 0 bi a s i SJ^ s H s H ssS 4J 0 )_ s^'^ ^S I 30.13 29.81 29.868 54.0 4P 38.0 12 M 46.0 467 44.3 0.0 2 30-17 29.83 30.108 49-5 0 A 26.0 12 P 37-7 36.0 30.5 6.2 3 30.16 29.98 30.061 35.0 4P 22.0 5 A 28.5 29.6 28.0 0.0 4 30.18 30.00 30.161 46.0 2:30 P 24.0 7 A 35 -o 34-2 28.5 7-1 S 30.15 29.90 29.980 38.0 4P 29.0 2 A 33-5 33-1 30.5 1-7 6 30.42 30.02 30.264 31.0 0 A 14 0 7:30 A 225 233 19.0 7-7 7 30.46 30.14 30.314 21.0 4P 10.5 7A 15. 7_ 14.9 13-5 0.0 8 30.14 29.86 29-973 25-5 7 P 16.0 6 A 20.7 19.5 20.7 0.0 9 30.24 29,86 30.126 390 3:30 P 22.5 4 A 307 288 25.5 6.4 10 30.60 30.22 30-476 29 0 4P II. 0 12 P 20.0 21.8 175 4-7 II 3069 30.28 30-542 31.0 3P 0.0 7 A 15-5 16 2 12.0 57 12 30.28 29.80 29.936 42.0 4P 23.0 12 P 32.S 30.9 295 0.2 13 3032 30.06 30.258 26.0 4P 14.0 12 P 20 0 19.1 15.7 6.1 14 3031 29.94 30.168 24.0 8:30 P 12.0 1:30 A 18.0 20.3 20.5 0.0 15 30.19 29.77 29.906 35.0 6 P 21.0 12 P - 28-:a 27.5 27.0 0 0 16 30.45 30.19 30.412 32.5 3:30 P 30 7:30 A 177 18.5 14.5 63 <7 30.37 2995 30.078 26.0 9P 18.0 3.30 A 22 0 21.8 21.7 0.0 [8 30.40 30.11 30.324 27-5 12 M 13-5 12 P 20.5 22.0 17-7 6.8 19 30.56 3039 30.471 24.0 2 P 2 0 12 P 130 II 3 6.7 4.8 20 30.68 30.24 30.524 16.5 II P -6.5 7 A 50 6.1 4 7 3-0 2[ 30.24 2988 29983 31.0 4P 15.0 I A 23.^ 21-5 19-5 0.0 22 29.97 29.71 29.841 28.0 4P 50 6a 16.5 16.9 16.7 0 0 23 30.07 29.75 30.028 39.0 2 P iS.o 2 A 28.5 31.8 30-3 2.2 24 30.1 1 30.02 30.068 42.5 2 P 33-0 8 A 37-7 356 33-0 1.0 25 30.11 30.05 30.070 430 1:30 P 32.0 7 A 37-5 35-0 32.0 2.0 26 30.06 29.90 29.986 41.5 3 P 325 6a 370 34.8 34-0 0.9 27 30.14 30.02 30.105 390 2:30 p 27.5 9 A 33-3 33.8 315 0.0 28 30.06 29.6S 29.870 335 0 A 16.0 7 P 24 7 21.4 18.7 0.0 29 3023 2967 30.021 22.0 2 P I i.o 12 P .6.5 16.8 15.0 4.7 30 30.51 30.23 30.486 295 4 P 4.5 7:30 A 170 13.6 7-5 8.0 31 30.51 30.01 30.264 41.0 12 P 6.0 7 A 23.5 22 9 22.5 0.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity, Wind. p recipita tion. C Total in Q u 0 a nl > ll c . 3 1, rt £ 3 cr u 1) a. c 'c bi Inches. «_ rt c u CI :3 £5 HS.5 Sa,a, ^ 0 £ c 'bi a CD c c W c i 0 c in I 35-5 •330 65.0 s.s.w. 188 5-5 33 II P 2 27.0 .182 83-5 N.W. 266 7.0 37 9 A 3 25.0 .163 84.0 S. 68 I.O 14 2 P 4 P 11:30 I> T T 4 26.5 .165 89.0 S. VV. 137 2.0 20 2 P 5 22.5 .196 675 E. 95 9.0 42 II P 4 A I I' .21 I 6 13-5 .116 73-5 N.W. 467 12.0 49 10 A 7 8.0 .0S9 74.0 N .N. \V. 79 0.0 3 P 12 I' .10 ^h 8 19 0 .117 92.5 N. lOI 0.0 — 0 A 12 P •25 I 9 19.0 •155 69.5 N.W. 109 '•5 •7 12 M lO 12.0 .loS 75'5 N. 143 1-5 17 9 A 1 1 7.0 .096 77.0 w. s. w. 69 2 0 20 SP 12 23-5 .182 74-5 s.w. 85 12.0 49 II P 5 A 12 P .12 T '3 10.5 .097 76.5 W. N.W. 356 60 35 2 A >4 170 .120 80.0 S.W. 88 0-5 10 9 A 8 A 12 P •34 4 >5 23.0 .158 81.0 N.W. 65 2.0 20 7 P 0 A 8a •15 i6 II. 5 .092 82.5 S.S.W. 7« 0.5 10 2 r '7 195 .124 86.5 N.N. W. 93 0.0 — 5--30 A 7 P .81 4 i8 II. 5 .109 71.0 W.N W. 175 3-5 26 2 p '9 4.0 .064 850 N.N. W. 62 0.5 10 4 P • 20 -1.0 .064 740 E.S.E. 34 0.0 — 10 p 12 p T T 21 17-5 .110 920 N.E. 47 0.0 — 0 A 4A .02 1 2 22 14-5 .101 91.0 N. 72 2-5 22 4P 23 24.5 .IS7 72.5 S.W. 117 1.0 14 II p 24 31.0 ■195 90.5 S.S.W 94 1.0 14 3 A 25 30 0 .188 900 S.S.E. 35 l.O 14 4P 26 330 .199 95-5 S.S.W. 107 1.0 14 2 P 27 29.0 .185 90.5 S.E. 44 0-5 10 I P 28 17.0 .107 92.0 N.N.E. 271 10.5 46 10 P 3 A 12 P 1.05 5. 29 13-5 .090 90.0 N. 453 16.5 57 I A 0 A 10 A .10 li 30 3-0 .c66 790 N.W. 208 50 32 I A 31 21.0 .145 91.5 S.S.W. ^7 25 22 7P **Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. Annual Summary for 1922. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30-36, Jan. 25th, 10 A. Minimum reduced to freezing • 2S.60. Oct. nth, 12 P. Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level, 30-7o, Jan. 25th, 10 a. Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, 2S.92, Oct. nth, 121'. Mean semi-daily reduced to freezing and sea-level, 30-058 Annual range, . . , 1.78 *Air Temperature. In degrees Falir. Highest, 94.0, July i2th, 4:00 P. Lowest, — 13-5, Feb. 18th, 7:30 A. Mean hourly, 47-2 Mean of means of max. and min., 47. S Mean sensible (wet bulb) , 43-° Annual range, • 107.5 Highest mean daily 76.7, Aug. 16 Lowest mean daily, — 0.8, Feb. 17 Mean maximum, 58-3 Mean minimum, 37-3 Mean daily range, 21.0 Greatest daily range, 43-5. Apr. 10 Least daily range, 3-5, Nov. 7th. Huinitlity. Mean dew point, 3'5-2 Mean force of vapor 380 Mean relative humidity, 78-7 Wind. Prevailing direction, West Summary. South Southwest 19 per cent Northwest 12 " North 10 " " West Northwest 10 " " Southwest 10 " " Other directions, 39 " " Total movement, 49.970 m Greatest daily movement 467 m., Dec. 6 Least daily movement, 12 ni., Jan. 17 Mean daily movement, 137 m Mean hourly velocity 5-7 n: Maximum pressure per square foot, 30.0 lbs., = 78 111. per hour, Jan. 22d, 12 m., VV. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 42 m. per hour, Jan. 22d, 12 M., \V.; June 12th, 2 i'., W.N.W. Temperature in ground shelter. Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 45.94 Snow total in inches, 58S Number of days on which .01 or more rain or melted snow fell, 120 Weather. Mean cloudiness observed 45 per cent. Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom- eter, 1932 hrs. ^43 per cent. Number of clear days, 117 Number of fair days, 127 Number of cloudy days 121 Bright Sunshine- Number of hours recorded, 2522 hrs.:=57 per cent. Daes of Frosts. Last, May i2tli First Sept. 19th Sates of Snow. Last April 23d First, Nov. 24th Total days of sleighing, 74 Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour. Jan. 22d, 7Sm., W.; Mar. 7th, 63111., S.: April 2otli, 53111., W.N.W.; June 12th, 56m., W.X.W.; July Sth, S7ni., S.S.W.: Dec. 29th, 57m., N. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. ^^^''^^ '-"^''"setts Afrricultural College '•^J^ST, MASS. BULLETIN No. 409. JANUARY. 1923 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGKICULTUIUL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, ^r ft. Above sea level, 2'/j.^ ft. Height 0/ Wind Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.52, 22d, iiA Miiiinnim reduced to freezing, 29.12, loth. 6.-V Reduced maximum reading 30. 84. 23d, iiA Reduced minimum reading, 29.43, loth, 6.A Mean semi-daily reduced 30.07S Monthly range 1.4 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 50.5, ist, 12M Lowest -120, 31st, 6a Mean hourly 20.3 Mean of means of max. and min 19.7 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 17.4 Monthly range 62.5 Highest mean daily 43.6, ist Lowest mean daily 6.9, 30th Mean maximum 29.6 Mean minimum 9.8 Mean daily range 19.9 Greatest daily range 45.5, iSth Least daily range 6.0, 28th Hnmidity. Mean dew point 13.6 Mean force of vapor 115 Mean relative humidity 80.1 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 6 02 Total snow, in inches 33.0 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 18 Days of sleighing 31 •Temperature in ground shelter. ••Reduced to freezingand sea-level. Wind. Total movement 4392 m Greatest daily movement 3i5ni, ist Least daily movement 23m, 20th Mean daily movement 142m Mean hourly velocity 5.9m Maximum pressure per square foot, 11. 5 lbs = 48m per hour, ist, loA., S.S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 28 m per hour, ist, 9A., S.S.W. Prevailing direction. North Northwest. Summary. North 23 per cent North Northwest ig " " West Northwest 13 " " Northwest 10 " " Other directions 35 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 58 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 21S hours = 74 per cent. Number of clear days j Number of fair days 6 Number of cloudy days 22 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 76 = 26 per cent. Rain, ist, 20th, 2ist, 22d, 24th, 25th. Snow, 3d, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th, gth, loth, nth, 12th, 14th, 15th, iSth,2ist, 22d, 24th, 25th. 28th. Galea. 35 or more miles per hour, 48ni, ist, S.S.W.; 4oni, 6th, N.; 36m, i3th,W.N.W.: 35m, 25th, N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to E 3 E a) 13 >- c 3cQ rt >< 'c Se £ 'c s ^ dc PJ l'c% o.5f Q S s S^ IS H s H 0) cd.« V 0 " Sc^^ I 3001 29.48 29.747 50-5 12 M 37-5 12 P 44-0 436 40.3 0.0 2 30.22 29.91 30.168 38.5 2 P 23.0 12 P 307 32.8 27.0 7-6 3 30.20 2984 30.100 295 4P 22.0 0:30 A 25-7 25.4 23-5 0.0 4 2995 29-77 29.858 33-5 1:30 P 17.0 12 P 25-3 24.1 20.7 3-6 5 30.13 29-95 30.083 32.0 2:3c P 9-5 3--30 A 20.7 22.9 21.3 4.8 6 30.21 29.95 30.100 31-5 "11 A 14 0 12 p 227 23.6 21.7 0 0 7 3043 30.21 30.362 14 0 0 A 4.0 10 A 90 95 6-7 0.0 8 30-24 29.50 29.750 29.0 10 P I I.O 0 A 20.0 20.6 19.7 0.0 9 2972 29.46 29.625 32.0 8:30 P 24-5 7 A 283 28.6 273 0.2 to 29.83 2943 29-597 30.0 9A 18.0 9P 24.0 24.9 223 0.0 u 30.10 29.83 30.070 32-5 3:30 P 6.5 7A 19-5 192 12.0 7 I 12 30.05 29.77 29.836 21.5 3A 15.0 10 p -IK.-3 18.6 17-5 0.0 13 3030 29.88 30.209 21.5 3 P 7.5 7:30 A 145 14.0 10.7 7-1 14 3033 29.84 30.110 21.5 2:30 P 6.0 7.30 A J3-7 15.2 13-7 0.0 •5 29.84 29.58 29-653 36.0 6p 20.0 0 A 28.0 28.1 27-3 2 0 [6 29.89 29.61 29.706 32.0 2 p 20.0 7:30 A 26 0 26.7 21.5 0.8 17 3049 29.89 30-352 22.0 4P -4-0 12 P 9.0 12.5 6-5 7-6 t8 3049 29.89 30.158 37-5 12 P -8.0 4 A 14.7 112 17.0 0.0 '9 30-52 2987 30340 37-5 0 A 85 12 P 23 0 27.0 22.7 7-3 20 30.70 30-13 30.520 30.5 12 P 2 0 6 A 16.3 16.1 150 I.I 21 30.13 2994 30.022 42.0 5 P 30.5 0 A 3(^-3 37-9 39-5 0.0 22 3O.4S 30.07 30.341 37-0 0 A 20 0 12 P 28.5 28.8 24-7 0 2 23 30.84 30.48 30.768 25.0 2 P 6.5 7:>o A 15-7 15-1 8.5 0.0 24 30.72 29.68 30.268 28.0 12 P -4.0 7 A 12.0 10.2 7-7 0.0 25 30.00 29-55 29.789 33-5 10:30 A 12.5 12 P 23.0 26.3 21.7 3-7 26 3007 29.90 29.980 19 0 4:30 P -30 7 A 80 10.4 6-5 1.6 27 30.07 29-93 30.060 31-5 3:30 P -2.0 7 A 147 14. S 8.7 8.0 28 30.06 29.90 29.964 16.0 I P lO.O 7:30 A 13.0 132 115 0 0 29 3032 2997 30.228 22.5 3:30 P -1-5 6:30 A 105 9.2 5-0 5.0 30 3044 3032 30.414 255 5 P -8-5 7 A 8.5 6-9 4-3 6.7 31 3042 30.07 30.245 25-5 .•0:30 p -12.0 6 a 6.7 11 4 7-3 1-5 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. VVindr P recipitation. Uh Total in 4) Q 0 a > ij c . V in S 3 CT a c 'S bi Inches. ; >> n Q Sis 3-5 .104 80.5 N.E. 123 2-5 22 4 I' 0 A II p •33 4 '3 1-5 .082 60.0 N.W. 251 6.5 36 4 P '4 11.5 .087 89.0 S.W. 45 0.0 — II A 12 p •30 3 '5 24.0 .158 86.5 W.N.W. 63 1-5 17 8 P 0 A II A •'3 ih i6 15.0 •130 685 W.N.W. 258 5-5 33 3 A '7 14.0 .067 57.5 N.N. W. 174 3-0 24 10 A iS 100 .120 76.5 s.s w. 42 4-5 30 12 P 12:30 P 3P •03 h '9 '55 .140 67.5 W.N.W. 298 5.0 32 6 A 20 12.5 .097 90 0 N.N.E. 23 0.0 — — 6:30 P 12 p .60 21 390 .246 96 0 s.s.w 158 30 24 9 A 0 A 12 p •52 T 22 21.0 .142 84,0 N.W. 191 2.0 24 4 P 0 A 8a .07 i 23 3-5 070 79 5 N. 136 '•5 '7 3 A 24 5-5 .075 89.5 N. 24 0-5 10 10 P 9A 12 p .80 6 25 17-5 .126 80.0 N.N. W. 248 6.0 35 2 P 0 A 8a .05 T 26 15 .070 78.0 N. 67 0 0 — — 27 2-5 075 740 N 85 2 0 20 3P 12 M T 28 80 .079 85.0 N 167 30 24 4 A 9P ■15 i5 29 30 .058 88.0 N.N.W. 73 1.0 14 4 P 30 I.O .062 83-5 N.N.W. 90 20 20 1 P 3' 2-5 .075 76.0 S.E. 63 0.0 •*Rain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was very stormy and the sky was overcast a large part of the time. The precipitation was very large and more than one-half of it occurred as snow. The snow storms were very frequent and several of them of considerable severity. Most of the rainfall was absorbed by the snow on the ground so that the run-off was not large. There was but little thawing during the month. The month was considerably colder than usual and the temperature went below zero on seven days. The maximum tempe- rature was registered on the first and the minimum on the last day of the month. More than two-thirds of the days were either cloudy or overcast. The records of the several weather elements show the following features of interest : The mean barometer was practically normal and the range rather small. The maximum and minimum pressures were both considerably higher than their respective normals. The total wind movement was less than usual and the persistency of direction from the northwest quadrant was very marked. The gales were few and of moderate severity. The mean hourly temperature was more than four degrees below the normal and only three days had an average temperature above freezing. All of the zero weather was during the last half of the month. The range of temperature on the i8th was exceptionally large. The mean dew point was about four degrees lower than usual and the relative humidity was high. The sunshine record was but little more than one-half the usual amount. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. --t^r!'rsre.e, BULLETIN No. 4 10. FEBRUARY, 1923 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGlllCULTUlUL EXPElilMENT STATION. Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" \V. Height of barometer aboTe ground, 5T ft. Above sea level, 2yj.j ft. Height oj Wind Instnitnents 72 ft. Time used, f^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.32, 6th, gA Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.25, 3d. ioa Reduced ma.ximum reading 30.66 6th, 9A Reduced minimum reading, 29.56, 3d, loA Mean semi-daily reduced 30-ii7 Mimthly range i.io Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 46.0, 27th, 4-30P Lowest -10.5, 19th, 5-30A Mean hourly 18.2 Mean of means of max. and min 17.9 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 13.7 Monthly range 56.5 Highest mean daily 34.6, 2d Lowest mean daily 3.8, i8th Mean maxinuim 29.2 Mean minimum b.5 Mean daily range 22.7 Greatest daily range 43.0, Sth Least daily range 6.5, 2Sth Humidity. Mean dew point 7.7 Mean force of vapor loi Mean relative humidity 73.2 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 1.81 Total snow, in inches 125 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 13 Days of sleighing 28 •Temperature in ground shelter. ••Reduced to freezingand sea-leveL. M'ind. Total movement 40T3 m Greatest daily movement 327m, 15th Least daily movement 35m, 20th Mean daily movement 143m Mean hourly velocity 6.oni Maximum pressure per square foot, 14.5 lbs = 54m per hour, 3d, 7P.,N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 33 m per hour, 3d, 7P., N.W. Prevailing direction. Northwest. .Summary. North 14 per cent Northwest 18 " " West Northwest 21 " " West 14 " " Other directions ZZ ^^ " Weather. Mean cloudiness observt-d .... 43 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 163 hours = 55 per cent. Number of clear days 5 Number of fair days 11 Number of cloudy days 12 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 133 = 45 per cent. Rain, ist, 2d, 3d, 13th. Snow, 6th, 10th, nth, 12th, 13th, 14th, 20th, 22d, 23d, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th. Gales, 35 or more miles per hour, 54m, 3d, N.W.; 35m, 4th, W.N.W.; 43m, 14th, W.N.W.; 47m, 15th, W.N.W.; 44ni, i6th, N.W.; 3Sm,22d, W.N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature . Ground Shelter ^ c g 3 S E a s 2s s 3 s S E 3 E V E •a St ?^ rt Set; 2 c s 3 Q s S ^r^ § H s H V 0 i^ ^^^ ^ffl I 30-13 29.78 29.964 40.5 3 P 14 0 7 A 27-1 298 22.7 5-2 2 30 01 29-75 29.954 40.0 2 p 31.0 12 P 355 346 28.5 7-6 3 30.05 29.56 29.758 41.0 1:30 p 18.0 12 P 29-5 30.6 27-5 0-3 4 30.41 30-05 30.391 180 0 A 4-5 7A 11-3 93 4-5 0-3 5 30.51 30-34 30439 22.5 2:3c P 7-5 0 A 15.0 13-3 9-5 4-5 6 30.66 30.34 30.536 17-5 3:30 P -7-0 7:30 A 53 8.3 2-3 4.4 7 30.34 30.27 30.300 33-0 4:30? I.O 7 A 17.0 12.7 4.5 8.5 8 30-30 29-93 30-132 35-5 4P -7.5 7 A 14.0 15.8 123 40 9 30.02 2985 29.980 360 4:30 P 27 5 12 P 31 7 3 ''-9 28.0 2.6 lO 30.30 29.9S 30.161 34-0 2P 2.0 12 P 18.0 21.4 14.0 4.1 II 30.40 30.26 30.368 31-0 5P -0.5 3:30 A J5-3 13-5 lO.O 6.6 12 3059 30.32 30.496 32-5 4P 12.0 7 A 223 20.8 13-5 8-5 '3 3032 29.82 29.960 28.5 3P 16.5 2 A 22.5 239 2[.0 0.0 M 2994 29.76 29.867 27.5 3:30 P 10.5 II P 19 0 19-3 15-7 2 0 '5 3003 30.03 29.88 29.87 29.962 29.914 20.0 14.5 3--30 P 5 ••30 P 25 -2.0 7 A 6a II-3 12.8 67 7-5 1.0 8.0 i6 0.3 8.2 17 2997 29.85 29.919 20.5 3 P -6.0 7 A 7-3 8.6 6.0 6.0 [8 30.16 2997 30.032 13.0 2:30 p -80 7 A 2-5 3-8 1-3 90 19 30.25 30.15 30.183 280 4P -10.5 5:30 A 8.7 9-4 4-3 3-3 20 30.26 30.12 30.189 21.5 4P -7.0 7 A 7-3 8.8 4-3 0.0 21 30.31 30-14 30.242 33-5 5 P -1.0 7 A 16.3 153 6.5 9.0 22 30-15 29.91 30.022 33-5 4 P 1-5 7 A 175 18.4 143 6.0 23 30.27 30.07 30.180 23.0 3P 3-0 12 P 13.0- 13-5 8.5 9.0 24 30.38 30.02 30.250 23.0 3:30 P "7-5 7 A 7-7 10.7 7-5 8-3 25 30.17 29.92 30.046 35-0 1:30 P 180 8 A 26.5 28.0 27.0 4-5 26 30.30 30.02 30.176 32.0 II P no 7 A 21.5 21.2 19.7 0.0 27 30.02 29.88 29.936 46.0 4:30 P 280 7 A 37-0 34-5 30.5 2.7 28 30.00 29.83 29.920 36.5 3P 30.0 7 A 33-3 33-0 30-0 0-5 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind P recipitation. fl Total in Q 0 0. > = .2 c . t) in S 3 CT 0. C bii Inc hes. 1 >< a Q P. c 'c bi Inches. J. CS Q S5 = IK rt5 £ 0) 4, 3 > 3 30.0 .190 90 0 S. 45 0.0 — — 0 A 12 p •25 14 19.0 •132 80.5 N.W. 254 7-5 39 4 P 0 A 2 A T 15 13.0 "3 78.5 S. 83 2.5 22 8 P 16 30.0 .196 88.5 S.W. 239 8.5 41 I P 6a 12 P •55 17 19.0 ■ 154 69.5 N.W. 226 3-0 24 7 A 18 22.5 .162 77.0 S.S.W. 136 4.0 28 3P '9 17.0 •152 69.5 S.W. 224 13-5 52 10 p 8a II A .08 20 4.0 .092 62.5 W.N.W. 358 8.0 40 3A 21 27.0 .209 73-5 S.S.W. 208 3-0 24 4 P 22 35 -o .250 84.5 S. 88 0.5 10 4P 10 A II A T 23 41.5 •339 79-5 S.W. III 0-5 10 6 p 7:30 P 12 P .06 24 20.5 .198 58.5 N,W. 292 II 5 48 5P 5:50 P 6 P T T 25 24.0 .170 78.5 S.W. 230 6.0 35 7P 26 16.5 .I4J 67.5 N. 243 5-5 33 6a 27 235 .171 77-5 S S.W. 194 4.5 30 I p 9P 10 P T 28 3-5 .076 695 N.W. 388 17-5 59 3P 2 P 8:30 P T T 29 5-5 .094 69.5 W.N.W. 293 8.5 41 0 a 30 28.5 .190 82.5 S.W. 181 4.0 28 0 a 7:30? 12 P .02 4 3> 12.0 .104 76.0 W.N.W. 379 II.O 47 5A OA **Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The cold weather which was so pronounced during the first two months of the year continued throughout March although with less severity. The mean temperature was about that of a normal December. The evidences of the beginning of the Spring season were al- most entirely absent. The large amount of snow on the ground at the beginning of the month gradually diminished and the sleighing was practically about over by the last week of the month, after a period of about one hundred days without a break. The last week of the month was marked by some very high winds and low temper- ature, nearly zero being recorded on the 29th. While the mean barometer was practically normal the range of pressure was unusually large which resulted in a large wind move- ment and very many gales, mostly from the northwest quadrant. The mean temperature was six degrees below the normal and the range of temperature abnormally large. The minimum temper- ature was nearly ten degrees lower than usual. The thermometer recorded above 50 degrees on only three days of the month. The mean dew point was about six degrees below the normal and the relative humidity practically normal. The total precipitation was about one-half the usual amount and occurred mostly as small storms. It was well distributed throughout the month. After the first third of the month there was very little snow. The amount of sunshine was slightly more than the normal. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. BULLETIN No. 412. APRIL. 1923 Meteorolooical Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGIIICULTUIIAL EIPEllIMENT STATION. Latiuide, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. ffei^hf of barometer above ground, jr ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wimi Instruments y 2 ft. Time used, y^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressiiie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.29, 2d, ia Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.04, 30th. 4A Reduced maximum reading 30.61 ^ 2d, lA Reduced minimum reading, 29.34, 30th, 4A Mean semi-daily reduced 29.956 Monthly range 1.27 Air TemperaUire. In Degrees Fahr. Highest S60, 2ist, 41' Lowest S.5, 1st, 6.A Mean hourly 45.4 Mean of means of max. and min 45.9 M.ean sensible (wet bulb) 39.4 Monthly range 775 Highest mean daily 72.3,21st Lowest mean daily 1S.7, ist Mean maximum 58. 2 Mean minimum 33.6 Mean daily range 24.1 Greatest daily range 44.0, 20th, 27th Least daily range 7.0, 5th Humidity. Mean dew point 32.4 Mean force of vapor 314 Mean relative humidity 65 3 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3.19 Total snow, in inches Trace Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 10 Frosts after the 15th, iSth •Temperature in ground shelter. ••Reduced to freezingand sea-level. Wind. iotal movement 6o93'm Greatest daily movement 353ni, 24th Least daily movement 88m, loth Mean daily movement 203m .Mean hourly velocity 8.5m .Maximum pressure per square foot, 22.5 Ibs = 67m per hour, 29th, lA., S.S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36 m per hour, 29th, IA., S.S.W. E^revailing direction. West Southwest. .Summary. North Northwest . 13 per cent West Northwest 13 " " Northwest 10 " " South Southwest 17 " " North 10 " " West" 10 " " Other directions 27 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 38 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . i52hours = 38 per cent. Number of clear days 11 Number of fair days 15 Number of cloudy days . ". 4 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 250 = 62 per cent. Rain, 3d, 4th, 5th, Sth, 15 th, 16th , 22d, 23d, 24th, 28th, 29th, 30th. Snow, I5tli- Thunder and L.i^h(nin^, 5th, 28th. Hail, I5tli, it>th. Gales. 35 or more miles per hour, 39m 2d, S.S.W.; 39m, 6th, N.W.; 40m, Sth, S.S..W.: 36m, 9th, N.N.W.; 45m; nth, S.W.: 35m, i2th, N.W. ;39m, 22d, W.N.W.; 39m, 23d, N.; 52ni. 24th, N.: 39m. 25th, S.S.W.; 67m. 29th, S.S-W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. T«mperature . Ground Shelter S 3 s s 'S >1 E 3 E V S s 3 s 0 £ T3 1 dc S? S rt J3 Otf) 6 ^ Q s is 1 St^ S H i H 0) rt--.. V 0 C sj^^ zS I 30.60 30-34 30.573 31-5 4:30 P 8.5 6 a 20.0 18.7 15-3 11.6 2 30.61 30.32 30.472 47.0 3P 15.0 6 A 31.0 31.2 29.0 8.6 3 30-34 29.98 30.138 62.5 3:3c P 340 0 A 483 48.5 43.0 90 4 29.98 29.92 29945 67.5 3P 47.0 6 A 57-3 56 0 52.5 6.0 S 29.92 29.63 29.734 45 -o 2:30 P 38.0 12 P 41.5 42.6 39-3 0.0 6 30.05 29-59 29.844 58.0 4:30 p 365 5 A 'atT 45-2 41.5 10.7 7 30.10 29.90 30.027 72.0 3:30 P 330 6 A 52.5 5'-8 42.3 10.9 8 2990 29-53 29.688 58.0 I 1:30 A 335 12 P 45-7 47.8 39-5 1.4 9 30- 1 7 29.81 30.067 48.0 4 P 30.0 5 A 390 368 31-7 II. 2 (0 30.38 30-17 30.350 50.0 2P 255 5:30 A 37-7 363 32.0 8.6 II 3038 30.05 30.218 62.0 2 H 34.5 0 A 48.3 46.6 42.0 7-5 12 30.34 30.09 30.220 55-5 3 --30 P 28.5 5 A 42.0 40 I 33-0 1 1.8 13 30.10 30.02 30 048 54-5 1:30 P 31 0 5 A 427 41.2 32-7 8.3 14 3029 30.10 30.256 49.0 4 P 24.5 0 A 36-7 35-3 27.0 10 8 15 30.38 30.10 30.288 49.0 1:30 P 21.0 5:30 A 35 -o 36.1 30.3 7-1 16 30.10 29.83 29.922 54-3 3--30 P 32.0 5 A 43-3 39-4 34-5 44 •7 29.99 29.93 29.978 50.0 2 P 320 12 P 41.0 39-5 33 3 7.8 18 29.97 29.75 29.816 48.0 5:30 P 25.0 6a 365 38-3 350 10.7 19 29-93 29.S0 29.872 49-5 0:30 P 29.5 4:30A 39-5 39-5 327 9-7 20 29.S0 29.62 29.680 77.0 4 P 33.0 6 a 55-0 57 7 48.7 113 2( 29.74 29.56 29.662 86.0 4 P 58.0 2 a 72.0 72.3 55-3 II. 2 22 29.56 29.48 29524 72.5 1:30 P 53-5 6a 63.0 62.1 530 8.0 23 2993 29.51 29.804 S5-0 0 A 37-5 12 p 46.3 45-0 3^-3 6.1 24 29-93 29.74 29.856 540 jP 32.0 5:30 A 430 43-5 39-7 7-3 25 30.01 29.80 29.922 540 2 P 360 4:30 A 45.0 46.3 .41.7 10.5 26 30.05 29-93 29.997 71.0 4:30 P 30 0 6a 50.5 5'-7 46.5 13.0 27 30.04 29.86 29.974 77-5 3:30? 33-5 5:30 A 55-5 55 5 43-2 11.4 28 29.94 29.49 29.762 58.5 12 P 41.0 7:30 A 49-7 48.0 49-0 0.0 29 29.52 2939 29474 68.0 1:30 P 52.5 12 P 60.3 59-5 54.0 7-4 30 29.79 29-34 29.582 60.0 12 M 41.0 12 P 50.5 50.7 45-7 7.8 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. c Q o a > c « <=•"'" >< rt E ni a rt rt = n "o i> o lU t) 3 C So, s:2 Sxx Wind. o o"* j_2 c 3 »; D 3 ~ O Precipitation. Total in Inches. I 75 .098 2 255 .174 3 37 5 •33b 4 5I-5 .428 S 38.0 .251 6 36.0 .308 7 3'-5 •371 8 3^-o •305 0 2S-S .204 lO 27.0 .206 1 1 38.0 .308 12 23.0 .238 •3 .6.5 .250 •4 9-5 .195 '5 20.5 .206 i6 29.5 .232 '7 25.0 .227 .8 28.0 ■237 '9 21.0 .236 20 42.0 .480 21 46.5 .694 22 46.0 •554 23 34-S ■253 24 340 .286 2.S 35-5 .3.8 26 39-0 •4'3 27 32.0 394 28 4S.0 ■37° 29 50.5 .489 30 41.0 .362 62.5 805 66.5 890 90.0 69.5 50.0 60.0 68.0 73-0 75-5 55-5 41.0 36.0 59.0 75.0 61.5 66.0 48.5 60.0 45-5 61.0 80.0 70.0 65.5 58.0 50.5 94-5 74-5 72.5 W.N VV. S.S W. S.S.W. S.S.W. N.E-. N.N.W. S.S.W. s.w. N.N.W. N.W. S.S.W. W.N.W. N.W. N. S.E. N.N.W. W.N.W. N.N.W N.W. W. W. W.N.W. N.N.E. N. N.N.E. N. S. S. w.s.w. w. 215 260 345 195 109 ^21 328 257 97 282 228 181 232 III 88 191 94 184 162 202 272 242 353 303 148 260 160 2.0 7-5 5-5 25 1-5 75 4.0 8.0 6.5 2.0 1 0.0 6.0 4.0 4.0 3-0 1-5 3-0 1-5 3-5 4.0 5-5 7-5 7-5 '3-5 7-5 35 4-5 3-0 22.5 50 20 lO A 39 5 P 33 71^ 8p II P .01 22 I A 10 p 12 P .01 17 6 A 0 A 10 P •79 39 II A 28 6p 40 10 A io:30A 6 p .06 3(^ 2 A 20 4 P 45 II p 35 I A 28 9P 28 I A 24 3P 4 P 12 P .04 17 0 P 0 A 6 A •03 24 12 M 17 3P 2 b 9A 28 12 M 33 II A 39 4P 5:30 P 7 P T 39 3P 4A 5:30 p •03 52 9A 4:30 P 8p T 39 2 p 26 $A 30 6 p 24 12 P 5A 12 P 1.26 67 I A 0 A 12 P .86 32 5 P 0 A 5P .10 •*Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * [ncluded in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month, while not far from normal as far as mean values are concerned, had a number of unusual features. Winter temperature on the 1st and Summer tempera- ture on 21st. A very light precipitation up to the 28th and then a very heavy rain making the total for the month more than the normal. A large wind movement and numerous gales were re- corded and yet the maximum daily movement was not specially large. The seasonal progress was rather slow and at the close of the month conditions were about two weeks behind normal. The records of the several weather elements compared with their respective normals show the following features : The mean barometer was rather low and the range larger than usual. The last half of the month the low pressure was especially marked culminating in the lowest record for the month on the 30th. The mean temperature was about a degree lower than usual and the range was nearly 20 degrees more than normal. This was due to the extremely low minimum on the 1st which was 13 degrees lower than usual and the lowest record for this month on our records. The maximum temperature was the highest since 1915. The mean dew point and relative humidity were both rather low. The precipitation record showed but one rain of any note up to the 28th. On the 28th-29th an exceptionally heavy storm occurred bringing the total for the month slightly above the normal. The total wind movement was very large and many gales were registered. Two were over 50 miles per hour. The amount of sunshine was very large and onl}^ a few cloudy days were noted. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. MassachiisGtts Agricultural CoUesre. AMHERST, MASS. BULLETIN No. 4 13. MAY. 1923 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" \V. Height of barometer above groimd, S^ .ft- Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft. Ti?ne used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches Maximum reduced to freezing 24th, 8a. Minimum reduced to freezing, Reduced maximum reading, 24th, 8a. Reduced minimum reading. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.950 Monthly range 85 Wind. 29.99, 3d, 8a;' Total movement 4519m iGreatest daily movement 281m, loth 29.15, 9th. 3P Least daily movement 5ini, 19th 30.29, 3d, 8a; ^'ean daily movement 146m I Mean hourly velocity 6.1m 9.44, gth, 3P Maximum pressure per square foot, S.o lbs= 40m per hour, 4th, 10.^^., N. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per hour, 4th, lo.A., N. Prevailing direction. West Northvkfest. Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 86.5, 25th, 4P; 26th, 3:30P Lowest 29.0, nth, 5:3oA Mean hourly 568 Mean of means of max. and min 56.4 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 5o-2 Monthly range 57 5 Highest mean daily 71.9, 26th Lowest mean daily 41.0, loth Mean maximum 70.2 Mean minimum 42.5 Mean daily range 27.7 Greatest daily range 43.0, 7th Least daily range 6.0, 21st Humidity. Summary. North Northwest 23 per cent i .South Southwest 16 " " [Northwest 13 " " West 10 " " Other directions 38 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 30 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the .Sun Thermometer . . 128 hours = 28 per cent. Number of clear days 20 Number of fair days ; Number of cloudy days 6 Bright Sunshine. Mean dew point 44.3 Number hours recorded, 325 = 72 per cent. Mean force of vapor 47° Rain, 5th, gth, nth, 12th, 13th, 15th, 16th, Mean relative humidity 66.9 17th, 21st. Thunder and Lightning, none. Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3.26 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 7 •Temperature in ground shelter. ••Reduced to freezingand sea-level. Frosts, nth, 24th. Gales, 35 or more miles per hour, 40m 4th. N.; 37m, 8th, S.S.W.; 37m, 9th, S.S.W.; 36m, nth, S.S.W.; 36m, 26th, W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Tern perature Ground Shelter. S E 3 E '(3 B 3 £ V S g 3 S 'c 5" iJ V 3 55 ?,^ u C 3 3 o'.Sf Q S s S H s 'Ci S>T3 ■B 2 c . V It, c2i 0. c c bi Inches. 1. ' 0 S5s 0) », 3 > (U 5>i 0! JJ >- :^ 0 1) c -5 0 c Q s£ 5 .X Sc^I £5 -^S.5 Sa-ai SE H m W X ifi I 40.0 322 75-5 N.W. 107 3-0 24 4P 2 42.0 383 71 5 N.N.E. 132 4.0 28 II A 3 46.0 436 72.0 N.N.E. 212 4.0 28 2 P 4 48 s 580 59-5 N.N.E. 217 8.0 40 10 A 5 53 5 512 820 s.s.w. 118 2.0 20 6p 6p 7 P T 6 40 0 44' 56.5 N.N.E. 194 45 30 9A 7 44.0 484 62.0 N.W. 67 0.5 10 10 A 8 45-5 488 64.0 s.s w. 219 7.0 37 3P 9 42.0 380 75-5 s.w. 269 7.0 37 2 p 0 A I p 1-34 lO 33-5 244 795 w. 281 5-5 1^1 3P II 3^S 329 72.0 s.w. 176 ^^•5 36 4P 8 p 12 p T 12 47.0 376 87.0 s.s.w. 127 3-0 24 10 p 0 A 12 p .50 '3 47.0 41S 790 N.N.W 75 0.5 10 9P 0 A 7 A ■05 <4 38.0 440 53-5 w. 85 I.O 14 9A '5 46.0 388 8.. 5 S.S.W. 103 2-5 22 4 P 9A 12 P .07 i6 60.0 558 935 s s.w. 166 5.0 32 7 P 0 A 12 P .08 I? 47-5 502 65.0 w.s.w. 227 4.0 28 7 P 0 A 3 A .04 i8 37-5 448 515 N.W. 206 30 24 II A <9 45.0 506 595 N.N.W. 51 0.5 10 9P 20 47.0 501 64.5 s. 147 4.0 28 4P 21 51-5 416 92.5 S.E. 133 2.0 20 8 A 4:30A 12 I> 1. 18 22 47-5 508 67.0 N. 171 2-5 22 6 a 23 330 456 42.5 N.N.E. ^oi 1-5 17 4P 24 39-5 456 55 5 N.W. 76 1.0 14 10 A 25 54.0 833 59.0 W.S.W. 92 1-5 17 2 P 26 48.0 732 47-5 W. 182 65 36 3P 27 38.5 459 51-5 N.N.E. 188 2 5 22 I P 28 45-5 452 69.5 S S.E. 59 0.5 10 6p 29 48.5 473 75.0 E.N.E. 104 1.0 14 5P 30 33-5 469 42.0 N.N.E. 130 30 24 4P 31 44 -o 451 66.0 N. 72 0-5 10 8p 'Rain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The season's progress during the month was nearly normal so that the backwardness noted when the month opened con- tinued throughout the month without much change. While the amount of bright sunshine was unusually large and the number of cloudy days small, the cold nights lowered the temper ture so that the month was slightly colder than usual. Vegetation has made very uneven progress. There was but little frost during the month. Not a single thunder storm was noted. The records of the several weather elements show the follow- ing features: The barometer records were generally normal, al- though the pressure was rather low during the second week of the month. The total wind movement was slightly less than the average and the number of gales small. The wind direction was rather variable. The mean temperature was less than a degree below the normal although the general impression was that the month was much colder than usual. The maximum and minimum tempera- tures were both near their normal values. The mean dew point and relative humidity were both com- paratively low. The total precipitation was about one-half inch less than the normal. Nearly the whole amount fell during three well defined storms. The last third of the month was without rain. The amount of sunshine was nearly fifty per cent more than usual. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. G. E. LINDSKOG, Observer. Massachusetts Agriniltural Coller'^. AMHERST, MAS'^. BULLETIN No. 4 14. JUNE. 1923 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTUIUL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N, Longitucre 72* 31' 10" \V. Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj IVi/ui Itistrutnents 72 ft. Time used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY' SUMMARY. Tessuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 29.90, iSth, 8a: 30th, I2P. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.0.), 26th. 71 Reduced maximum reading, 30.19 istii, 8a ; 30th, 12P. Reduced minimum reading, 29.32, 2bth, 7? Mean semi-daily reduced 29.852 Montiily range 0.87 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 97 0, 19th, 3P Lowest 420, 13th, 6.^ Mean hourly 68. 1 Mean of means of max. and niin 67.9 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 60.5 Monthly range 550 Highest mean daily 81.7,20th Lowest mean daily 53.7, Sth Mean maximum 81.2 Mean minimum 54.6 Mean daily range 26.6 Greatest daily range 40.5, i9tli Least daily range , . 7.5, Sth Humidity. Mean dew point 56.3 Mean force of vapor 679 Mean relative humidity 70 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 2.24 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 10 •Temperature in ground shelter. ••Reduced to freezingand sea-level. Wind. I'otal movement 33i4ni 'ireatest daily movement 333m, 27th Least daily movement 25m, 30th Mean daily movement iiom Mean hourly velocity 4.6m Maximum pressure per square foot, 7.0 lbs = 37ni per hour, 9th, 12M., N. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 27m per hour, 27th, I2M., W. Prevailing direction. West. ■ Summary. .Southwest 17 per cent North 13 " " .South 13 " " North Northeast 10 " " West 10 " " Northwest 10 " " Other directions 27 "' " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 38 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 97 hours = 21 per cent. Number of clear days 19 Number of fair days 10 Number of cloudy days i Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 360 = 79 per cent. Rain, 3d, 4th, 6th, 7th, Sth, 9th, 15th, 23d, 26th, 28th. Thunder and Lightninti, 4th, ;th, 6th, 24th, 26th, .Gales, 35 or more miles per Jiour, 37m 9tii, N.; 36m, 27th, \V. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to 0 Sea Level. Tern perature Ground Shelter. a S s B a S 'a S s >< 0 S 3 E 'c s 13 i is 2 ca I' c 3 3 .c 6 ^ Q s is S H s H 1> 0 I. SEca %^^ ^S I 30.11 29.86 29.979 85.0 3P 46.0 5 A 65.5 67-3 60.5 12.9 2 2994 29.85 29.886 85-5 3P ■54-5 5--30 A 70.0 70.3 60.0 12.3 3 30.04 29.94 29.979 72-5 6p 4S-0 5 A 587 61.0 58.5 10 9 4 29.95 29.83 29.903 90.0 1:30 p SS-o 5:30 A 72.5 69.7 64 0 11.6 5 29.85 2973 29.792 94.0 '3 P 65.0 0 A 79 5 79.8 71-5 I3-I 6 2990 29.80 29.817 85.0 1:30 p 69.0 12 P 770 75.0 68.0 10.4 7 29.98 29.90 29949 72.5 I P 565 12 P 64.5 66.0 60.5 7.2 8 29.90 29.75 29.818 56-5 C A 490 12 P 52-7 537 50.5 0.4 9 29.90 29.68 29.794 65.0 5P 465 6 A 557 53-8 49-5 8.2 lo 29.91 29,83 29.878 73-5 6p 46.5 5:30 A 60.0 61.6 54.0 13-9 II 29.91 2975 29.804 76.5 2 p 44.0 5 A 60.3 63-9 56.7 137 12 29.92 29.80 29.905 75-0 3P 47-5 5 A 61.3 63.2 547 13-I '3 29.94 29.80 29.877 77.0 3P 42.0 6 A 59-5 60.0 51.0 12.9 14 29 Si 2973 29.772 81.5 3P 45-5 6 a 63-5 65.0 567 13.8 IS 2993 29.99 29.80 29.90 29.872 29-934 74-5 76.5 4P 3P 540 48.0 10 P 6:30 A 643 623 61.2 . 535 517 II. 0 .6 62.6 132 •7 30.16 29.99 30.082 80.5 2 p 45-5 5 A 63.0 65.6 57-7 14.2 i8 30.19 30-03 30.128 87.0 3P 50.0 5 A 685 69.8 61.5 14.2 »9 3009 29.92 29994 97.0 3P 565 5 A 76.7 77.6 67-3 14. 1 20 29.92 29.81 29S62 94-5 4P 63.0 5 A 78.7 81.7 72.7 143 2[ 30.01 29.82 29.905 925 3P 675 5 A 80.0 81.5 70.0 14-3 22 30.12 30.01 30.105 865 4P 62.0 12 P 74-3 72.7 63 s 135 23 30 12 29.85 29-953 75-5 5P 59-5 6:30 A 67.5 660 61.7 10.3 24 29.85 29.62 29.698 88.0 3P 65.0 5 A 76.5 75.0 69.5 134 25 29.62 29-53 29.552 92.5 4 P 67 0 5 A 79-7 80.6 69.7 14.4 26 29.56 29.32 29.424 91.0 2 P 67.5 10:30 p 79-3 76.4 68.0 10. 1 27 29.60 29-33 29.441 76.5 3'-30 P 645 4 A 70.5 69.2 58.3 12.5 28 29.65 29.59 29 628 80.0 12 M 55c 5 A 67-5 67.7 61.5 11.4 29 29.92 29-57 29.725 730 1:30 P 530 12 p. 63.0 632 57-7 10 4 30 30.19 29.92 30.090 80.0 5--30 P 46.5 S A 633 62.6 56.0 14.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipitation. £ Total in 1) Q 0 a > S.2 c . 0. c bi Indies. t rt Q «> c) 3 "rt tj nj Q S is St/) s H i H 0) 0 u ^ «;> ^£ ' 30.37 30-19 30.302 83.0 3P 47.5 6 A 65-3 67.5 59 5 14.6 2 : 30.40 30.3' 30.366 830 3P 54-5 5 A 68.7 69.0 633 13.0 3 30-31 30.18 30.250 66.5 4P 61.0 5--30 A 63-7 63.8 62.3 10 0 4 30.18 30.07 30.136 770 4 P 60.0 5:30 A 68.5 66.8 64.7 9-8 S 3012 30.05 30.088 85.5 2 F 55-0 5:30 A 70-3 70.3 633 143 6 30.05 29.87 29.952 78.5 5:30 P 56.0 12 P 673 64.8 59.0 9-3 7 30.04 29.92 29.980 80.0 2:30 P 50 0 5 A 65 0 65-3 56.3 14.2 8 30.08 30. CI 30.051 80.5 5P 54.0 5 A 67-3 66.2 57.0 14.5 9 30.10 29.86 29.982 86.5 3P 505 5:30 A 685 69.8 60.3 14 0 10 29.86 2973 29.782 88.5 3P 63.5 5 A 76.0 74-6 67.5 12.6 • I 29.90 29.81 29.872 88.0 2:30 p 55-5 5:30 A 71-7 72.8 63-5 14.3 t2 29.97 29.87 29943 88.0 3P 52.5 6 A 70.3 71-5 62.7 14-3 '3 29.96 29.88 29.946 89.5 2:30 p 55-5 6 A 72.5 73-5 64-3 14.3 14 29.97 29.91 29.960 89.0 2:30 p 59-0 5:30 A 74.0 72.4 657 139 •5 2993 29.85 29.897 74.0 2:30 p 63-5 4 A 68.7 62i> 66.5 lO.O t6 29.96 29.78 29-853 82.0 2 p 63.0 12 P 72 5 71.6 66.5 iTT '7 30.12 29.96 30.069 82.5 2:30 p 55-0 6 A 6S.7 69.0 62.5 14. 1 18 30.17 30.12 30.150 855 3P 52-5 6 A 690 69.4 63.0 f4 2 »9 30.15 30.00 30.086 875 6:30 P 54.5 7 A 71.0 7'S 61.0 14.1 20 30.00 29.79 29 860 940 3P 54.5 6 A 74.3 77-5 667 14 6 2( 29.78 29.70 29.770 92.5 4P 650 6 A 78.7 77.6 70-5 14-3 22 29.98 29.79 29.898 780 4P 605 12 P 69.3 682 583 137 23 3004 29.98 30.026 77.0 3:30 P 51.0 12 P 64.0 633 55-3 139 24 30"02 29.82 29.974 80.5 2 p 43-5 5 A 62.0 62.1 58.0 132 25 29.82 29.67 29.696 76.0 5P 570 4 A 665 63 0 61. c "-3 26 30.04 29.79 29.992 80.0 3P 530 6 A 665 653 590 14.2 27 30.09 29 98 30.040 83.5 4P 505 5:30 A 67.0 68.0 61.5 138 28 30.02 29.77 29.S40 72 0 6p 585 6 A 65-3 65.8 65.5 00.0 29 30.03 29.80 29.S89 680 4 P 58.0 6 a 630 636 60.3 00 0 30 30.20 30.03 30.180 70.5 4:30 p 58.C 3A 643 656 61.7 00.0 31 30.22 30 14 30.188 65.0 2 P 590 7 A 62.0 618 58.0 00.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Huniidit f- Wind. P recipitation. iZ Tolal in Q 0 a nl > >> V t; c . 0) 0. u c E he Inches. i So «< «l 3 "ii tj D I. £5 rt 0) I, •Si" '" in ^ V 3 ~ 0 c c I S4.0 656 64.0 w. 46 0.0 _ 2 53-5 637 635 W.N.W. 62 0.0 — 3 61.5 5«7 92.5 s.s.w. 83 0.0 — 7:30 A II A ■07 4 64 0 648 92.0 s.s.w. 83 1-5 17 5 P 1:30 P 6:30 P T 5 595 700 74.0 s.w. 72 0-5 10 2 p 6 56.5 572 81.0 N.VV. 68 1-5 17 8 1' 4:30 A 1 0:30 A •25 7 50-5 594 62.S N.N.E. 122 I.O 14 1 p 8 52.0 588 68.0 N. 115 I.O 14 10 A 9 550 687 66.0 ES.E. 61 0.5 10 I P 10 64.5 834 730 W. '38 0-5 10 12 P ( I 5«5 768 65.5 N. 82 0.0 — 12 57-5 746 64.5 W. 69 I.O '4 8 P u 60.5 75!^ 695 S.E. 92 I.O 14 8 p 14 63.0 733 80.0 S. 108 1-5 17 3 P 2:30 P 3 P T IS 65.0 720 S55 S.S.W. 90 0.0 2:30 P 5 P •03 i6 64.5 755 79.0 W.N.W. 134 25 22 2 p 3--30 A ID A .02 '7 590 700 71-5 N.N.E. 103 4.0 28 I P r8 59.0 702 72.5 N.W. 24 0.0 — '9 57-0 662 74-5 S. 68 0.0 — 20 60.5 93S 59.0 W. 92 I.O '4 4P 21 68.0 «93 77-5 N.W. 99 I.O '4 3 P 22 5'-5 648 60.5 N.N.E. H5 ^5 10 9 P 23 50.0 552 65.0 N.N.E. 132 I.O 14 4 P 24 54-5 550 785 S.W. 118 2 5 22 6p 9P 12 P .08 25 59-5 569 90.5 N.E. 123 0.0 — 0 A 8 P .14. 26 55-5 590 75-5 N.N.W. 158 40 28 4 P 27 57-5 662 75.0 S.S.W. 117 70 37 6 P 10:30 P 12 P .04. 28 65 0 653 95.0 s. 7' 0.0 — 0 A 4 P i.04» 29 59.0 562 88.5 N.N.E. 90 0.0 — 1:3 A I I A .11.' 30 59.0 623 82.0 S.E. 45 0 0 — 31 56.0 530 85.5 N E. 75 0.0 3 P 3:30? T •*Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The outstanding feature of the weather for the month was the absence of any appreciable precipitation until nearly the end of the month. Following the light precipitation of June the absence of rain for nearly the whole of July was expecially felt by the growing crops. From the 8th. of June until the 28th. of July only one inch of rain was recorded. The heavy rain near the last of the month did much to remedy the droughty con- ditions. There was very little thunder and lightning during the month. The records of the several weather elements compared with their respective normals show the following features of interest : The mean barometer was rather high and the range of pressure practically normal. The total wind movement was about four- fifths of the average value and the direction of wind more variable than usual. The month was more that two degrees cooler than normal and the maximium temperature was about the average value. The periods of high temperature were very short. The mean dew-point was three degrees lower than the normal and the relative humidity sHghtly greater than usual. The total precipitation was about 40 per cent of the normal amount and two-thirds of it fell during the storm of the 28th- 29th. The amount of sunshine was very large and only four cloudy days were noted. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. H. SHEPARD, Observer. Massachusetts Ag,Ticnltiir;il Cnllpo-p, AMHERST, ivl. BULLETIN No. 416. AUGUST, 1923 Meteorolooical Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPEIIIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48,5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" \V. Heii^ht of hafometer above grouiui, 31 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj IVifui Instruments y 2 ft. Time used, y^tJiMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressiiie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 29.91, 27th 9A. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.19, 22d. ia. Reduced maximum reading, 30.20. 29th 9A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.48, 22d, lA Mean semi-daily reduced 29.956 Monthly range 72 Air Te iiil>eraiur«. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 94.0,4th, 3P Lowest 37 5, 24th, 6a Mean hourly 66.8 Mean of means of max. and min 67.6 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 59. S Monthly range 56.5 Highest mean daily 77.5, 5tli Lowest mean daily 56.0, 23d Mean maximum 82.2 Mean minimum 53,0 Mean daily range 29.2 Greatest daily range 40.5,10th Least daily range 11.5,12th Hnmidity. Mean dew point 56.5 Mean force of vapor 613 Mean relative humidity •;•] Precipiiu- ^02 I 3015 29.99 30.064 81.0 4 P 57.0 6a 69 0 66.0 61 0 9-9 2 30.01 29.89 29.966 86.5 4:30 H 57.0 6:30 A 71-7 70.2 64.7 9-5 3 29.90 29.84 29.S89 89.5 2 P 68.5 4A 79.0 75-0 70.0 6.3 4 29.88 29.80 29.844 940 3:30 P 63.0 6 A 78.5 76.4 68.3 1 1.4 5 29.97 29-75 29.802 93-5 4:30 P 67.0 6a 80.5 77.5 68.7 8.6 6 30.09 29.97 30.045 89. 0 3:30 P 62 0 5 A 75-5 74.3 64.3 "5 7 30.05 29-73 29.860 84.5 3P 56.5 9A 705 67.9 64.5 77 8 30.07 29.87 29.932 82.0 4P 59.0 12 P 70.5 68.2 60.0 4.6 9 30.14 30.03 30.092 840 5P 45.5 6a 64.7 64.0 533 127 10 30.10 30.00 30.056 87 0 4P 46.5 6a 66.7 68.0 60 7 12.5 II 29.99 29.91 29.967 91.5 5:30 p 62.5 6:30 A 77-0 75-6 68.5 12 0 12 2998 29-55 29.717 75-0 6p 635 7:30 A 693 68.8 65.7 0.0 •3 2987 29-54 29.656 76.5 II A 530 12 P 64.7 67.5 59 5 10.5 '4 29.91 29.77 29-853 82.0 4:30 P 47-5 5:30 A 64 7 65.2 57.3 12 4 '5 30.00 29.72 29.806 81.5 4P 60 5 6 A 71.0 695 615 12.6 i6 30-13 30.C0 30.120 77-5 5P 46.5 6a 62 0 -m-3^ 53-7 fi.-5 '7 30.14 30.04 30.114 82.5 4:30 p 450 6 a 64-3 62.8 53-5 11-3 i8 30.08 29.97 29.9S6 82.0 4:30 p 47 0 6a 645 64.1 54 3 II. 9 «9 30.00 29.76 29865 81.5 2:30 p 47-5 5:30 A 64.5 633 60.0 8.4 20 30'03 29.88 30.012 76.0 4P 47-5 6a 6.7 62.4 53-0 12.8 2[ 30.03 2950 29.794 80.0 3P 46.C 6a 63.0 66.4 62.0 10.5 22 29.94 29 48 29814 740 0:30 A 490 12 p 61.5 59-7 49.0 105 23 29.99 29.94 29-983 730 3:30 P 40.5 6a 567 560 53-5 II 8 24 30.02 29.90 29.977 760 3--30 P 37 5 5 A 56.7 57 2 50.0 10.6 25 30.05 29.90 29.965 79-0 2:30 p 52.0 12 p 65-5 64.7 56.0 86 26 3013 3005 30.1 16 780 2:30 p 44.5 6 a 61.3 60.5 53-5 12.5 27 30.20 30.12 30.178 81.0 1:30 p 43-0 6 a 620 62.5 53-5 lO.O 28 30.14 29.88 30-034 79-5 2 p 6t 0 6 a 70.0 69.6 65-3 54 29 30-03 29.87 29.946 78.0 1:30 P 60.0 12 p 69.0 709 65.5 9-4 30 30.16 30.03 30.124 84.5 SP 52-5 6 a 68.5 67.2 60.7 12. 1 31 30.19 30.09 30.158 87.0 2:30 p 54-0 4:30 A 70.5 68.4 62.3 85 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Vind. P recipitation. iZ Total in 0 a > — 0 c . c 'c bi Indies. a C "i c 4) 5 a . 0 (U (J 3 > (U 5>i rt j; "- 3. = ~ 0 £ c bi c i 0 Q 2:2 5 .u. S2iX a,a HS.S Sa,:J: se r- CQ W ai tn I 585 593 S45 N.W. 62 I.O 14 5 P 2 63.0 688 880 s.s.vv. 105 2.0 20 6 p 3 69.0 801 885 s.s.vv. S7 1.0 14 4 '• 7:30 !• 9 P .01 4 66.5 803 81.0 s.s.w. 47 0.0 — S 65-5 847 76.5 NE. 70 0.5 10 4 P 6 60 0 760 685 E. 98 0.0 — 7 63.5 650 92 -5 S. 80 0.0 — 6:30 A 9 A .61 8 56.0 616 74 5 ES.E. 108 1-5 17 7 P 9 47 5 529 62 0 N. 70 0.0 — 10 56.0 672 695 S.S.E. 67 1.0 14 6p 1 1 66.0 745 77-5 S. 77 0.0 — 12 65.0 625 940 S.W. «7 1.0 14 I I' 6 p 12 P .31 '3 55-5 626 73-5 W.N.VV. 200 45 30 I V 0 A I A .02 14 52.5 553 64.0 S.S.W. •03 30 24 6 p '5 57 5 799 67.0 S.W. 160 2.0 20 5 P I A 2 A ■35 i6 49.5 492 75.0 N.W. 81 0.0 — '7 495 500 72 0 S.S.W. 78 1.0 14 7 P i8 50.0 5'5 70.0 S.S W. 98 1-5 17 4 P '9 57-5 569 86.0 S.S.W. 149 5-0 32 4P 4 P 6p .26 20 48.0 494 68.5 W.N.W 92 0.0 21 59.0 650 79 5 S.S.E. 211 65 36 3P 1 1 130 P 12 P .10 22 425 43« 63-5 N.W. 301 60 35 2 p 0 A 2 A •25 23 50.5 474 77-5 N.W. 63 0.0 24 465 426 79.0 S. 66 1-5 17 6 p 25 5>-5 535 73-5 W.N.W. 130 1.0 14 2 P 5 A 5:30 A T 26 4S.5 505 69.0 S.W. 51 0 0 — 27 49-5 500 735 S.S.W. 83 ••5 17 5 P 28 635 6S0 89.5 S S.W. 205 55 33 I p 3A 12 P •56 -'9 ^^3 5 7CI «5.5 s w. 147 1.0 14 I A 0 A 8 A .08 30 57.0 602 79-5 N. 58 0.0 — 3' 60.0 630 855 S.S.W. 78 l.O 14 9P 'Kain or niplted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather for the month was more pleasant than usual, owing to the general absence of sultry days. The rainfall was much below the normal and most of it occured in rather small storms. The thun- der storms were of only moderate severity. The first third of the month was much the warmest part while the last third showed considerable low temperature. The amount of sunshine was very large and only two cloudy days were recorded. The records of the several weather elements show the following features: The barometer records were all rather low and the changes of pressure generally slow and small. The total wind movement was slightly more than the normal although there was but little high wind. The large amount of wind from the Southwest quadrant was especi- ally noticeable. The mean temperature was about one degree below the normal; the maximum was more than three degrees higher than the average value for this record, and the minimum nearly five degrees lower than usual, giving a large range for the month. The minimum record was very near to the frost line and the lowest since 1908. The mean dew point was more than three degrees below the nor- mal and the relative humidity practically normal. The total precipitation was about sixty per cent of the normal so that the droughty condition at the beginning of the month was not materially bettered. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. H. SHEPARD, Observer. •uab>ai, , , ,,iculUiral Col' AMHERST, MA J BULLETIN No. 4 17. SEPTEMBER, 1923 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGUICULTUKAL EXPEIUMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments 72 //. Time used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. I Wind. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.15, 27th 8a. Total movement 2704m Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.46, 29th.4 P. ^'''^^'^^f'^^'^y ™°^^"^^"^ 195'", 8th Reduced maximum reading, 50.45 I7th Sa. I ^east daiy movement 43m, nth Reduced minimum reading, 29.74, 29th, 4P'f^^" daily movement 90m Mean semi-daily reduced ^^^^^i Mean hourly velocity 3.7 Monthly range 71 Air Temperaliire. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 86.5,1st, 2-30P Lowest 30 5, i8th, 6a Mean hourly 62.9 Mean of means of ma.x. and min 63.9 ^^''^^ Northwest 20 per cent Ma.xinuim pressure per square foot, 3.5 lbs = 26m per hour, 8th, 11 a., S. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, i8m per hour, 8th, 10 A., S. Prevailing direction, West, Northwest. Summary. Mean sensible (wet bulb) 57.; Monthly range 56.0 Highest mean daily 72.0, 4th Lowest mean daily ......... 51.0, 15th Mean maximum 75.6 Mean minimum 52.2 Mean daily range 23.4 Greatest daily range 49.0, iSth Least daily range 4.0123d Humidify. Mean dew point 54.4 Mean force of vapor 546 Mean relative humidity 81.5 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 1.89 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell South 23 South Southeast 13 North 10 Northwest 10 Other directions 24 Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 50 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 149 hours = 40 per cent. Number of clear days 9 Number of fair days 14 Number of cloudy days 7 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 224 = 60 per cent. Rain, 3d, 7th, 8th, 13th, 20th, 2ist, 22d, 23d, 26th, 2Sth. Thunder and Li(ih(nin£, 13th, 23d, iSth. Gales, none. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. S nl >< ci (u o 2 3 3 0(f) 30 22 30-31 30-25 30.22 30.24 3013 30.16 30.07 29-93 30.12 30.18 30.06 30.08 30.24 30-33 30.38 30.45 30.33 29.96 30-03 30.01 30-30 3032 3017 30.19 3029 3032 30.20 2993 29.88 30-13 30.22 3O.CO 30.01 30.12 30.09 30.07 29.83 29.82 2993 30.06 29.87 29.85 3O.0S 30.24 30.30 30.33 29.93 29.85 29.97 29.89 30.01 30' 1 7 30.10 30.0S 30 19 30.20 2993 29.74 29.81 30.168 30.276 30.102 30.130 30.191 30.1 16 30.13s 29.902 29.S60 30.039 30.129 29.956 29.968 30.192 30.319 30.354 30.42S 30.120 29.915 30.or8 29.904 30-193 30.237 30.136 30.139 30254 30.271 30043 29808 29.862 86.5 84.0 86.0 840 74-5 82.5 72.5 75.0 83.0 75-5 79-5 76.5 77.0 68.0 695 66.5 730 79-5 840 67.0 75.0 71-5 63.0 81.5 85.5 61.0 64.5 800 78.5 63.0 2:30? 3P 3P 4 P 2:30 p 2:30 p 2 p 1 p 2 p 1:30 P 5P 3P 3:30 P 3P 2:30 p 3:30 P 3P 3:30? 3:30 P 3P 2 p 3P O A 3P 4:30 p 4P 6p 3:30 p 2:30 p 2 p 60.0 4:30 A 73-3 70.2 63-7 62.0 12 P 73-0 70.3 63.0 57 5 3:30 A 71.7 71.2 64.7 6V5 6a 73-7 72.0 65-3 58.0 6 a 663 65.0 59-0 56.5 5A 69.5 689 64.0 60.5 12 P 665 66.4 61. s 60.5 0 A 67-7 67-S 647 530 6:30 A 680 65-9 60.3 46.5 6a 61.0 66.2 525 40.C 6a 59 7 57-7 Si-5 47-0 6 a 61.7 61.0 S6.5 55-0 12 P 66.0 &5-5 55 7 41.0 12 P 54.5 s?,.>^ 48-3 34.5 6a 52.0 51.0 44-7 42.0 6 a 54.3 55-0 50.5 360 6 a 54.5 530 43-7 305 6a 550 553 48.5 590 3 A 71-5 67.7 60.7 490 6 a 58.0 60.4 57-3 ,S7-o 3 A 66.0 672 65 0 63.0 I 2 p 67-3 673 64.7 59.0 10 p 61 c 59.« 58-7 56.0 6a 6S7 65.8 60.7 530 7 A 69-3 659 .58.7 540 6:30 A 57-5 58-1 560 5S-0 4 A 59-7 60.1 58.0 60.0 5 A 70.0 67.2 61.7 56.0 12 P 67.3 66.9 60.5 42.0 7 A 52.5 523 46.3 8.7 7.8 8.8 1 1.8 6.2 8.2 ^2, 4-1 10.8 11.8 II. 1 8.0 10.2 92 9.8 8.0 10. o 9.6 98 6.1 2.0 I -5 0.0 9.1 9.6 0.1 0.4 8.3 10.8 94 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. Precipitation. u^ Toial in 0 0. > 11 Il 1) tn S 3 CT 0. c bii Indies. 1 c So, rt5 s 4) 3 > 0) ■7; u — 0 o*^ rt 1) 1- — . 0 £ c ;"' - UCJi^ I amh £BST. VVIASS. BULLETIN No. 418. OCTOBER, 1923 iMeteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRlCULTUiUL EXPEillMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W. Fleight of Ihiro meter above ground, 31 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments 12 ft. 2'ime used, j^tliMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.11, 2Sth Sa. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.29, 19th. 4 A. Reduced maximum reading, 30.42, 28th Sa. Reduced minimum reading, 29.58, r9th,4A Mean semi-daily reduced 30.100 Montlily range 084 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 81.0, 14th, 3P Lowest 26 5, 28th, 6a Mean hourly 50.1 Mean of means of max. and min 5i-i Mean sensible (wet bulb) 44 ; Monthly range 54.5 Highest mean daily 65.0, r4th Lowest mean daily 39.5, 31st Mean maximum 63 9 Mean minimum 38 3 Mean daily range 25.6 Greatest daily range 40.0, gth Least daily range 6.0, 23d Hnmidity. Mean dew point 41.3 Mean force of vapor 33S Mean relative humidity Si. 5 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 5.!;o Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 6 Wind. Total movement 3Soom Greatest daily movement 238m, igth Least daily movement zSm, nth Mean daily movement 123m Mean hourly velocity 5.1m Maximum pressure per square foot, 8.0 lbs = 4om per hour, 30th, 6p., S. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per hour, 30th, i; p., S. Prevailing direction. West, Northwest. Summary. North Northaest 16 per cent South 13 " " Southwest 13 " " West Southwest 13 " " North 10 " " Northwest 10 " " Other directions 25 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 44 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 109 hours = 32 per cent. Number of clear days 12 Number of fair days i^ Number of cloudy days 4 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 232 = 68 per cent. Rain, 4th, loth, 15th, iStli, 19th, 20th, 23d, 24th, 28th, 30th. Thunder and Li^htnin^, 3°th- Frosts, 7th, Sth, gth, 21st, 27th, iSth, 31st. Gales. 40m 30th, S. DAILY SUMMARY Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature Ground Shelter. g E E E '5 ■3 Se E £ S £ S 6 _E s i =■ 303 2 CU si Q :g is S H s H m 0 i_ SEca s<^^ ^M I 29 92 29.79 29.S97 630 2 P 38-5 4A 507 50.5 46.7 6.0 2 29.96 29.88 29-932 72.0 4P 41 0 6:30 A 56.5 55.4 510 10.3 3 29.91 29.7s 29.818 730 3:30 P 40.5 7 A 50.7 546 46.7 10.6 4 29.88 29.67 29.770 70 0 2 P 3S.0 7 A 54.0 5'-6 44.5 8.4 5 30.10 29.88 30.049 57.0 3'.30 P 34.0 6:30 A 45-5 44.8 39-7 10.2 6 30.17 29.96 30.076 56.0 3P 335 6:30 A 44-7 43'0 38.7 10 I 7 30.28 30.17 30.240 64.0 3P 27.5 6:30 A 45-7 44.0 3S.7 II.O 8 3041 30.28 30.357 66.5 4P 27-5 6:30 A 47-0 44.1 360 10.9 9 30-34 30.21 30.280 69.0 3P 29.0 6:30 A 49.0 48.1 40.5 10.7 10 30.21 30.05 30.146 675 2 P 330 7 A 50-3 50.8 45.0 8.1 II 30.21 30.06 30.1 16 70 0 3:30 P 40,0 6:30 A 550 53-5 47-3 8.2 12 30.33 30.21 30.302 6S.5 3P 43.0 7 A 55-7 542 49-7 7.6 •3 3033 30.20 30.277 680 4P 51-0 8a 59 5 57-2 53 7 4.8 14 30.20 29.98 30.0S8 81 0 3P 57-5 0 A 693 65. c 58.5 59 15 30.23 30.02 30.165 680 4P 430 12 P 55-5 55-1 470 6.8 16 3028 30.23 30.296 690 4 P 36.5 6 A 527 49.1 43-5 8.3 '7 3033 30.09 30.224 70.0 3P 34.5 7 A 52.3 50.7 41.7 10. 0 i8 30.09 29.63 29.S50 57-5 12 P 390 6 A 48.3 51.6 49.0 16 19 2979 29.58 29.654 70.0 I P 57-5 0 A 637 6. .5 59-5 1.8 20 30.12 29.72 29906 07.0 3P 40 0 12 P 53-5 56.5 47.3 8.5 21 30.24 30.12 30.227 64.5 3P 305 7A 47-5 462 37-0 9.7 22 30-32 30.23 30.301 56.0 4:30 P 390 7:3o A ; 47 5 45-9 370 7.6 23 30.35 30.06 30248 44-5 9 A 385 7 P 41.5 4[.i 40.5 0.0 24 3006 29-74 29 846 63.0 2:30 P 41.0 0 A 52.0 50.5 50.7 0 0 25 29.88 29.81 29.858 60.C 3P 45-5 7 A 527 50.8 45-7 92 26 30.12 29.88 30.016 55-5 12 M 370 12 P 46.3 48.5 427 80 27 30.37 30.12 30.300 60.5 3P 290 6:30 A 44 7 41.4 35-3 99 28 30.42 30.30 30.368 54-5 3P 26.5 6 A 405 425 373 5-3 29 3034 3026 30.312 62.0 3P 42 5 6:30 A 52.3 51-0 46.7 7.7 30 30.28 29.84 30.072 67-5 3P 45-5 8 A 565 53-' 487 5-3 31 30. 11 30.02 30.070 45.0 2 p 29.0 12 P 37-0 39-5 32.3 9.1 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipita tion. £ Total in Q 0 a nl > ^6 c . 1) in S — 5 i^ 2 E5§. p. b£ c be Inches. J. n! c V 0 0 4) 4) 3 d u > -5 546 85.0 s. 142 2.0 20 2 p 15 45-5 344 88.0 N. 102 0 0 — 23:0 A 7:30 A .20 16 42 0 302 9'-5 s. 33 0.0 — '7 36.5 317 730 N.N.E. 66 05 10 I p 18 44-5 404 74.0 N.N.E. 164 1-5 17 II P 1 0:30 A 12 P .06 '9 58.5 550 91.5 N. 238 4.0 28 10 p 0 A 12 P •17 20 46 0 354 88.5 W. 169 2.5 22 0 A 0 A 8a T 21 325 256 75-0 W.N.W. 65 05 10 II A 22 30.0 260 665 N.N.E. 189 1-5 17 9 A 23 390 265 90.5 N.E. 221 30 24 2 P 9A 12 P 2.40 24 50.0 386 95.0 N.E. 211 4.0 28 II P 0 A 9:30 P 1-93 25 •43-5 33' 86.0 S.W. 193 20 20 I P 26 370 379 67.0 N.W. 188 3-5 26 3 P 27 285 236 66.5 N.N.E. 60 05 10 4P 28 335 264 79.0 S.W. 114 4.0 28 12 M 2:30 P 3P T 29 45.0 372 895 s. "3 0 0 — 30 48.0 352 97.0 S-W. 199 8.0 40 6p 4 P 12 p •74 31 26.5 210 68.5 N.W. 158 1-5 17 2 P •*Kain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The light precipitation, which began early in June, was ended, near the close of the month, by one of the heaviest rains which has ever been noted at this station. The storm of the 23d and 24th totaled about four and one-third inches and for a period of seven hours showed three inches of rain, a very unusual rate for so long a time. Another heavy rain storm on the 30th brought the total for the month up to about one and one-half times the normal for October. These storms did much to relieve the droughty conditions which existed although the run off was large . Considerable more rain is still needed before the ground freezes. The relative humidity was high owing to a number of foggy mornings. The mean barometer was above the normal and range of pres- sure small for this time of year. Owing to the comparative steady pressure the total wind movement was rather small and only one gale was registered. The wind direction was more vari- able than usual. The mean temperature was practically normal and the range slightly smaller than usual. The maximum and minimum records were both several degress higher than their normal x^alues. The mean dew-point was practically normal notwithstanding the high relative humidity referred to above. Although the rainfall was large the number of days showing a measurable amount of precipitation was much below the average. The amount of sunshine was very large for this time of year. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. H. SHEPARD, Observer. AM.Sl£f?o-^ ICUll iW. BULLETIN No. 4 19. NOVEMBER, 1923 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS ACtHICULTUIUL EXPElilMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' 10" W. Hcii;ht 0/ /hi ro meter above ground, Ji ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft. Time used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.30, 2d 8a Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.04, 7th. 3 p. Reduced maximum reading, 30.62. 2d Sa. Reduced minimum reading, 29.34, 7th, 3P. Mean semi-daily reduced 30.068 Monthly range i.28 Air Teiupernture. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 66.5,4th, 4? Lowest 21.0, 2d, 6:30A 20th, 3:30 A. 29th, 7:30 A. Mean hourly 39:1 Mean of means of max. and min 39.S Mean sensible (wet bulb) 34. 8 Monthly range 45.5 Highest mean daily 48.0,6th Lowest mean daily 30.1, 19th Mean maximum 49.8 Mean minimum 29 8 Mean daily range 20.0 Greatest daily range 43.5, 4th Least daily range 6.0, 7th Hnmidity. Mean dew point 31.2 Mean force of vapor 22S Mean relative humidity 81,5 PrecipitaUon. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 5.0!?| Total snow, in inches i. Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 10 Days of sleighing Wind. Total movement 3379ni Greatest daily movement 256m, 21st Least daily movement iSm, i6th Mean daily movement 113m Mean hourly velocity 4.7ni Maximum pressure per square foot, 50.0 lbs= 32m per hour, 30th, 7?., S.S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 22m per hour, 30th, 1; p., S. Prevailing direction. West, Southwest. Summary. South 23 per cent North Northaest 17 " " North 13 " " Southwest 13 " " South Southwest 10 " " Northwest 10 " " C)ther directions 14" " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 48 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 145 hours = 49 per cent. Number of clear days 7 Number of fair days 1 1 Number of cloudy days 12 Britiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 1^3 =51 percent. Kain, 6t7h, 7th, 8th, gth, nth, 18th, 22nd, 2';rd, 24th, 25th, 27th, 30th. Snow 8th, 9th, 24th, 25th Frosts, before the i6th. ist, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 9th, lost, nth, 13th. Gales, none. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to 0) Sea Level. Temperature Ground Shelter. si a E 1 S a H 'c '3 H V £ E 3 £ 'c 6 a 51 d G S S rt Sets Q S i ^■^ S H i H -5 3P 330 11 P' "39 7 39-3 36.3 31 '7 2976 29.61 29.700 52.0 3P 340 0 A 430 41.2 387 6.1 i8 29.68 29.51 29558 46.0 2:30 p 34.0 12 P 40 0 39-8 36.7 0.3 •9 30.16 29.68 29 95S 365 2 p 25.0 7 A 30.7 30.1 23.7 9.0 20 30.31 30.16 30.290 47.0 3P 21.0 3-.30 A 34-0 33-1 27.5 89 2[ 30.29 30.10 30.179 550 3P 330 0 A 440 45 0 41.7 7.1 22 30-31 30.06 30.192 55 5 3P 36.0 12 P 45-7 46.8 41.0 3.3 23 30.34 29.S9 30.185 41.5 3 P 27.0 4:30 A 34 3 35-3 330 1.6 24 29 89 29.45 29574 45.0 6.30 p 35-0 12 P 40.0 41.0 41.0 0.0 25 2981 2943 29.600 38.0 3P 3' 0 12 P 34-5 34.0 3'-5 40 26 29 90 29.81- 29-853 49.0 2 p 27.0 6 A 38.0 390 34.7 70 27 30.17 29.84 29.994 49.0 I p 34 5 12 P 41.7 430 37-7 67 28 30.38 30.17 30.310 45.0 3P 28.0 12 P 36.5 366 3'-3 6.5 29 30.48 3033 30.33 2975 30.408 29.972 43-0 58.0 3 P 7:30 p 21.0 330 7:30 A 5 A 32.0 32.0 44-7 29.0 46.7 8.0 30 45-5 0.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipita tlOIl. u^ Total in i) Q 0 A ei > >< li S 3 a- V 0. bi c 'c fci Inches. * rt Q til H V c 0) c 'rt i 0 c I 21.5 .171 70.5 N.W. 72, 0.0 2 22.0 .169 73-5 S.S.E. 35 0.0 — 3 21.5 .172 720 S. 21 00 — 4 260 .210 69.0 S.S.W. 30 0.0 — 5 35 5 .258 86.0 S.S.W. 28 0.0 — 6 41-5 .302 87.5 S. 35 0.0 — 6:30 P 12 P .28 7 43-5 .29S 94.0 N.N.W. 108 1-5 17 7 P "0 A 12 M •35 8 30.5 .208 84.0 W.N.W. 219 30 24 I A 0 A 12 P .05 T 9 24.0 ••77 765 N. 150 1-5 '7 3 P 0 A 3 A T T lO 2S.0 .192 82.0 S. 90 2.0 20 6p 1 1 305 .204 87.5 N.N.E. 72 0.0 — 2:30 P 7P •03 (2 325 .220 86.5 N.N.E. 137 1-5 17 9 A 13 34-0 .256 78.S N. 157 25 22 Id A 14 31.0 225 785 N.N.E. III 1-5 17 2 A '5 32.0 •234 77.0 N.N.E. 94 0.0 — 16 33-5 .230 850 S. 18 0 0 — •7 37-5 .248 90.0 S.S.W. 25 0.0 — 18 350 .228 89.5 s.w. 112 30 24 10 P 6 P 7 P T >9 14.5 .150 58.0 N.W. 254 2-5 22 6a 20 20.5 .176 655 S. 150 2-5 22 2 P 21 390 •294 «3-5 S. 256 40 28 3P 22 37-5 .284 8. .5 S.W. 148 2.0 20 3P 7 A 9 A •15 23 305 .200 880 N N.E. III 3-0 24 7 P 6 p 12 p •45 24 40.0 .268 92.0 N. 205 4.0 28 II p 0 A 12 P ..85 1 25 27-5 .192 7S.5 N.W. 23' 3-0 24 9P 0 A II A •39 1 26 320 .226 «3-5 S. 114 I.O 14 6 p 27 34 -o •245 88.0 S.W. 157 2-5 22 2 p 3 A 5 A .03 28 270 .192 78.5 w. 78 00 — 29 26.S ■'73 85 0 S.W. 59 1.0 14 2 P 30 46 0 •348 950 N 101 5-0 32 7P 4 A 10:30 p 147 'Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The most pronounced feature of the weather was the two heavy rainstorms that occurred late in the month. The deficiency in precipitation that had accumulated from June to October has been largely relieved by the heavy rain that occurred late in Oc- tober and the two that were recorded near the last of this month. While a few low temperatures were recorded the ground was practically free from frost the whole month and the ground water has been greatly increased before winter sets in . In most re- spects the weather of the month was nearly normal with a little more sunshine than usual. The month closed with but little evi- dence of winter at hand. The mean barometer was slightly higher than usual and the range of pressure was about the usual amount. The total wind movement was unusually small for the time of year and no gales were registered. The wind was very changeable and several rather pronounced periods of high and low pressure were recorded. The mean temperature was practically normal but the mini- mum temperature was very much higher than usual. Although the temperature fell to 2 1 degrees early in the month and reached the same figure twice later it seemed unable to get any lower. Most of the high temperatures occurred early in the month. The mean dew point was practically normal but the relative humidity was several points higher than usual. The total precipitation was more than fifty per cent above the normal and came in a few storms. While the sunshine was more than the normal there were a number of cloudy days. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. H. SHEPARD, Observer. BULLETIN No. 420. DECEMBER. 1923 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGllICULTUML EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" VV. Height 0/ ha ro meter above ground, jr ft. Above sea le7 M ■ = 1 V (A 0. u ti Indies. ♦ §5" 0) 0 o-* rt OJ u in u ::: 0 V H 'Si -5 c 0 G Sa, Su, S:^X ib r-S.S Seuoi SB i-' m W X t« I 370 .271 80.5 N.W. ^272 5-5 33 3P 2 26.0 .194 75.0 S.E. 53 0.5 10 2 p 8 p 9 P .01 3 30.5 .196 875 W.N.W. I GO 15 17 II A 4 300 .210 80.0 N.N.E. 41 0.0 — S 375 .250 89.S N.E. 73 0.5 10 12 P 4A 12 p •87 6 38.0 .284 835 N. 298 9-5 44 3P 0 A 10:30 A •95 7 25.0 •234 58.S W. 263 5-5 33 9A 8 335 .262 730 S. 203 2-5 22 2 P 9 395 .286 85.0 s. 75 0.0 — 8:30 A 7 P •03 lO 31.0 .218 82.0 N._ 57 0.0 — 7:30 P 12 P .20 1 1 24.0 .196 66.5 N.W. 196 4-5 30 II A 0 A 3:30 A .18 12 16.0 .iq6 59.0 S.S.W. 100 0.0 — >3 42.0 •367 760 S. 303 65 36 8p 4 P 1 1:30 P .09 14 16.0 .160 59.0 N.W. 314 6.0 35 3 A 7:30 A 8:30 A T T IS 16.S .118 80 0 S.S.W. 93 I.O 14 9 P i6 22.0 .183 655 S.S.W. '59 S-o 32 12 p '7 18.5 ■•74 59-5 N.W. 298 6.5 36 5A i8 13.0 .106 77-5 N. 153 2.0 20 4 P '9 19 0 •134 820 S.W. 61 1.0 14 I p 20 29.5 .201 855 s. 36 0.0 — 5:30 I' 6:30 P .01 21 33-0 .218 S9.5 S.S.E. 74 2.0 20 I p 22 330 .216 91.0 S.S.W. 31 0.0 — 7 P 12 P .20 23 38-5 .242 96.0 N.N.E. lOI 0.5 10 7 A 0 A 12 P .60 24 22.5 .152 83.0 N. 244 3-5 26 7 A 0 A ii:30A .16 li 25 23s .150 89.0 S. 88 6.0 — 8 P 12 p T T 26 26.5 .188 7S.0 W. 151 30 24 I p 27 22 0 •175 67.0 N.N.E. 96 ?-5 10 II A 28 21.0 .166 72.0 N. 131 6.0 35 8 p 2 A 5P .40 5- 29 180 .163 62.0 W. N.W. 275 8.0 40 1 P 8:30 A io:30A T ♦T 30 9.0 .092 76 0 N. 43 00 — — 4:30 P 12 P • '4 2 3' 24.0 .144 91 0 N. 46 0.0 ~ 0 A 12 P ■39 I •*Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. Annual Summary for 1923. Pressure. Maximum reduced to freezing, Minimum reduced to freezing, Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . . Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . . Mean semi-daily reduced to freezing and sea-level Annual range, *Air Temperature. In degrees Fahr. Highest, 97-0, June 19th. 3:00 p. Lewdest, —12.0, Jan. 31st, 6:00 a. Mean hourly, 46-6 Mean of means of max. and min., 4^.S Mean sensible (wet bulb), 4i-4 Annual range, i09-0 Highest mean daily 81.7, June 20th Lowest mean daily, 3-8, Feb. iS Mean maximum, 58-5 Mean minimum, 35-' Mean daily range 23.4 Greatest daily range 49.o.Sept. 23rd. Least daily range, 3-5. Nov. 7th. Huuiidity. Mean dew point, 36-9 Mean force of vapor, 369 Mean relative humidity, 75-5 Wind. Prevaihng direction, .... West, Northwest Summary. North 12 per cent North Northwest n " South 12 " South Southwest 12 " " Northwest 12 " " Other directions, 41 " " Total movement, 48,864 m Greatest daily movement, .... 40Sm., Mar.sth Least daily movement, .... 18 m., Nov. i6th Mean daily movement, i34 m Mean hourly velocity, 5.6 m Maximum pressure per square foot, 22. 5 lbs.,= 67 m. per hour, Apr. 29th. i a., S- S. W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36 m. per hour. Mar. 28th, 2 p., W.N.W.: Apr. 29th, I A. S.S.W. In inches. 30.52, Jan. 22nd, II A. 28.98. Dec. 28th, 12 M. 30.84, Jan. 22nd, II A. 29.29, Dec. 2Sth, 12 M. 30.020 1-55 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 39.49 Snow total in inches, 63.7 Number of days on which .01 or more rain or melted snow fell, 125 Weather. Mean cloudiness observed, 4; per cent. Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom- eter, 16S6 hrs.=38 per cent. Number of clear days, 141 Number of fair days, 131 Number of cloudy days 93 Bright Sunshine- Number of hours recorded, 2773 hrs.=62 per cent Dates of Frosts. Last • May 24th First, Sept. 15th Dates of Snow. Last, April 15th First Nov. 8th Total days of sleighing, 86 Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour. 54 m. Feb. 3d., N. \V. ; 52 m. Mar. 19th.. W. N. W. ; 59 m, Mar. 28th. \V N. W. ; ;52 m. Apr. 24th. N. ; 67 m. Apr. 29th, S. S. W. Temperature in ground shelter. H. H. SHEPARD Observer. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorolo£[isi. AMrtcKST, MASS, BULLETIN No. 42 1. JANUARY, 1924 Meteorolooical Observations o AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, 31 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.j ft. Height oj Wind Instruments ^2 ft. Time used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.44, 2d ().\. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.03, nth. 2 p Reduced maximum reading, 30.77, 2d qa. Reduced minimum reading, 29.33, nth, 2P Mean semi-daily reduced 30-i35 Monthly range 1.44 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 54.0,11th, II A. Lowest -8.0, 27th, 6 a.; 28th, 6 a. Mean hourly 26.2 Mean of means of max. and min 25. S Mean sensible (wet bulb) 23.1 Monthly range 62.0 Highest mean daily 47.0,11th Lowest mean daily -0.3, 27th Mean maximum 35.1 Mean minimum 16.5 Mean daily range 1S.6 Greatest daily range 35.0, 28th Least daily range 10.5, i3ih Homidity. Mean dew point 18.8 Mean force of vapor 148 Mean relative humidity 79.9' Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3.85 Total snow, in inches 10 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 11 Days of sleighing 15 Wind. Total movement 6163m Greatest daily movement 462m, 26th Least daily movement 71 m, loth Mean daily movement i9gm Mean hourly velocity 8.3m Maximum pressure per square foot, 22.=; lbs== 67m per hour, nth, 10 a., S.S.E. Maximum velocity for q minutes, 38m per hour, 2ist, 5 P., N.'W. Prevailing direction. West. Summary. Northwest 23 per cent South Southwest 13" " North 10 " " South 10 " " Southwest 10 " " West 10 " " Other directions 24 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 49 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . ,119 hours = 40 per cent. Number of clear days 9 Number of fair days 15 Number of cloudy days 7 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 175 = 60 per cent. Rain, ist, 2d, 3d, loth, nth, i6th, 19th, 30th. Snow . . 2d, 5th, 2ist, 24th, 25th. Gales. 35 m. per hour : 58 m., ist, N. W,; 48. m 3d, N. \V.: 36.m, 4th, N. W.; 40 m. 7th, N. \V.;67 m. nth, S. S. E.; 40 m. 17th, N- W.; 63 m. 2ist. N. W. 45 ni. 23d, W. N. W.: 35 m. 25th, N; 56 m. 36th, N. W.; 36 m. 27th, W. N. W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature . Ground Shelter. S S g E 'S S 3 E E H £ 3 'S is £ T3 I is Mean Sensible Wet Bulb. ^ c 3 3 Ot/j 9 lo II 12 <3 14 '5 i6 '7 i8 '9 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 3056 29.54 30.212 44-0 3A 12.0 3077 30.40 30.690 26.C I p -0.5 30.40 29.72 29.932 38.0 6 p 23.0 30.42 30.13 30.394 30.0 3P 17.0 30-38 29.96 30.108 22.0 5:30 p lO.O 30.23 30.01 30.126 21.0 3:30? 1 0.0 30.21 30.02 30.106 31.0 3P 18.0 30.3« 30.21 30342 34-0 3-30 P 15-0 30-37 30.18 30.242 46.0 2 p 24 0 30.19 29-95 30.090 42.0 3:30 P 23-5 ^995 29-33 29.500 54.0 II A 35-5 30.23 29.62 30.095 42.0 0 A 26.0 30-36 30.06 30.244 31-5 2:30 P 21.0 3027 30.01 30.145 34-5 2 P 230 30.46 30.27 30.442 33-0 4P 15.0 3043 29.47 30-031 51.0 12 P 18.5 3009 29.51 29.995 52.0 3A 28.0 3o.3« 30.09 30.356 38.0 4P 23-5 3035 29.95 30.212 39-0 10 P 26.0 29.95 29.69 29-755 40.0 2 P 19.0 30.16 29.79 30.015 19.0 0 A 2 0 30-30 30.00 30.178 24.0 12 P 30 30.26 29.86 30.027 370 2 P 24.0 30-50 30.12 30.392 32.0 3P 145 30.12 29-3« 29.458 40.0 6p 23.0 30.25 29.62 30.038 23.0 0 A -40 30.59 30.25 30504 7.0 3P -8.0 307s 30.33 30.580 27.0 12 p -8.0 30-33 30.10 30.214 44-0 4 P 27.0 30.10 2975 29.867 43-0 1 P 32.0 30.04 -9-74 29.884 42.0 I P 20.0 12 p 7:30 A O A 12 P 12 P 3A O A 7A 5A 7:30 A 2:30 A 12 P 8:30 A 12 P 8 A 7 A 12 P 8 A O A 12 P 11 P O A O A 7:30 A 12 P 12 P 6 A 6 A O A 4 A 12 P 28.0 26.7 23.0 12.7 15.2 10.7 30.5 30.1 24.8 30.5 19 2 235 16 0 16.8 15-3 155 14.2 12.3 24.5 23.0 18.5 245 24.9 20.7 35-0 34.3 317 _JliZ 34-4 303 44 7 47-0 44-7 34-0 331 27.0 26 3 27.4 24-5 28.7 29.6 26.2 24.0 24-3 195 34 7 32.5 33-2 .40^0^ 39-« 33-2 30.7 28.9 24.2 32.5 34-0 33-7 29-5 ,33-^ 29-5 10.5 ^8 4-7 13-5 14-3 II. 5 30-5 29.6 26.5 _13_1 24.6 21.7 31-5 32.0 33-3 9-5 9.0 4-3 -0.5 -0.3 -1-5 9-5 10.9 8.5 35-5 35 8 33-3 57-5 3^-3 357 31.0 34-8 28.3 7-4 0.2 8.2 0.0 7-3 3-1 3-8 68 6-5 0.0 7.0 80 7.2 8.3 0.0 8.9 8.4 0.0 2.0 4.6 7.0 4-5 8.0 7.0 7-5 8.8 7.0 5-7 5-0 8.9 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipitation. (X Total in Q 0 a It > ■-2 a s ^ 0. u c be Inches. i_ rt Q rt J E 0) 4; 3 si u > 0) V >- £5 0 0'* HS.5 If- in v.' :z 0 H c c ■5 c W Si 0 a CO I 20.0 ■^37 84.5 N.W. 265 17.0 58 6 A 0 A 6 A .04 2 5-5 .oSji 75-5 s.s.w. 90 0-5 10 4 P 9P 12 P .07 I 3 27.0 .182 86.0 N. 131 11.5 48 8p 0 A 5 P .60 4 135 .116 72.5 w. 159 6.5 36 2 A 5 13-5 •093 85.5 N.N.W. 95 50 32 6 p 8 A 6:30 p .12 3 6 8.5 .082 82.0 N.W. 245 3-0 24 II A 7 10.5 .114 66.0 s.w. 267 8,0 40 2 P 8 16.5 .122 78.0 s.s.w. 120 0-5 10 3 P 9 28.0 •197 81.5 s.s.w. 208 3-5 26 1 p 10 22.5 .186 83-5 s. 71 0.0 — 8p 12 p .02 [I 41.5 .328 83.0 s.w. 257 22.5 67 10 A 0 A 2 p .68 t2 21.0 .165 705 N.W. 280 S-o 32 II A 13 21.5 .140 85.0 N. 114 0 0 — 14 25.0 .151 91.5 N. 273 3-5 26 I P 15 16.0 .118 800 w.s.w 95 0.0 — 16 315 .217 930 S.S.E. 80 50 32 8p 4 P II p 1-33 '7 315 .200 91.0 N.N.W 266 8.0 40 5A 18 20.5 .140 81.5 N.N.E. 115 I.O 14 6 A '9 32.0 .209 88.5 S.S.W. 164 I 5 17 6 a 4 P 10 p .01 20 26.0 .176 830 N.W. '53 5-0 32 9P 21 -0.5 .060 72.5 W.N.W. 438 20 0 63 9P 12 M 2 P T T 22 2-5 .089 57-5 S.W. 302 4-5 30 8p 23 21.5 •157 75.0 W. 329 1 0.0 45 5 P 24 180 .127 S3-5 N.W. 98 1.0 14 I A 1 1:30 P 12 I' .04 h 25 30-5 .202 85.0 W.N.W. 134 6.0 35 11 P 0 A II P •93 5h 26 -1-5 ■059 72.0 N.W. 462 15-5 5^ I A 27 -8.5 .044 69.0 W. 294 6.5 36 3P 28 4.0 .084 78.5 W.S.W. 132 4.0 28 10 p 29 28.5 .212 76.5 s. 175 3-5 26 0 A 30 330 .226 85.0 s. 157 2-5 22 12 M 4 P 5P .01 31 23.0 .174 76.0 N.N.W. 194 5-5 33 4 P •*Kain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was unusually changeable with rather short periods between the extremes. The rapid changes in barometric pressure undoubtedly was the cause of the rapid changes in temperature recorded, as well as the unusually large wind movement registered. The last half of the month was more seasonable than the first, although there was less snow. Although the temperature was slightly above the normal it was very much colder than the pre- ceeding December. There were only two snowstorms of any amount and the ground was practically free from snow about one-half the time. The records of the several weather elements show the follow- ing features of interest : The mean barometer was very high and the maximum and minimum pressures above their respective normals. The range of pressure was less than usual. The mean temperature was more than a degree above the noamal and the range rather large owing to a rather high max- imum. One day, the 27th, averaged below zero, while on the 11th the average was forty-seven degrees. The mean dew-point and relative humidity were both higher than usual. The total precipitation was about ten per cent more than the normal and more than one-half of it occurred as rain. The rate of rainfall during the storm of the 16th was rather unusual for so long a period. The total wind movement was nearly twenty per cent more than the normal and gales of more thah 50 miles per hour were registered on four days. The wind direction was very changeable. The amount of sunshine was rather large. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. H. SHEPARD, Observer. LI5KAHY OF THL ^^achusetts AuricuHnral Collf" AMHERST. MASS. BULLETIN No. 422. FEBRUARY, 1924 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPEHIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, 31 ft. Aboi'e sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj IVitid Instruvients ^2 ft. Time used, y^thAler. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing 30.42, 19th, i\.\ Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.29, 13th. 2 A Reduced maximum reading, 30.7;, igtfi, iiA. Reduced minimum reading, 29.62, 6th, I P.; 13th, 2 A.; 20th, 7 p. Mean semi-daily reduced 30.069 Mcmthly range i.13 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 44.5,26th, 3 p. Lowest -2 5, 14th, 6.30 A. Mean hourly 20.7 Mean of means of ma.x. and min 20.7 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 17.1 Monthly range 47.0 Highest mean daily 31.2, 3d Lowest mean daily 11.7, 14th Mean maximum 30.5 Mean minimum 10.9 Mean daily range 19.6 Greatest daily range 41.0, 25th Least daily range 3.0, 5th Hamidiiy. Mean dew point 12,4 Mean force of vapor loS Mean relative humidity 77,5 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 2.56 Total snow, in inches 124 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 6 Days of sleighing 25 Wind. Total movement 3971 m Greatest daily movement 353m, 21st Least daily movement 24m, loth Mean daily movement 137m Mean hourly velocity S.7ni Maximum pressure per square foot, 8.5 lbs = 41m per hour, 21st, 12 a., W.N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 3oni per hour, 2ist, 12 M., W.N. \V. Prevailing direction. Northwest. Summary. North 28 per cent West Northwest 21 " " North Northeast 17 " " Other directions 34 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 32 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 91 hours = 29 per cent. Number of clear days 17 Number of fair days 6 Number of cloudy days 6 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 221 =71 percent. Rain, 4th, 5th, 6th, 20th. Snow 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, loth, 15th, 1 8th, 2oth, 22d. Gales, 35 m. per hour : 41 m.. 21st. W.N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature Ground Shelter. ctf S 3 E S S 3 s 'S £ 3 E '►< S 3 s '5 V 2 is nl 3 jrt J2 4) "a 2 caS 2 c 3 3 o".Sf Q s S ^^ S H S ^ ssS V 0 u SJ^^ Zffl I 30.04 29.83 29.940 330 3:301^ 9.0 7:30 A 21.0 22.4 17.7 7-9 2 29.83 2973 29.799 35-0 5 P 22 0 7:30 A 285 29.5 24 0 3-4 3 30.02 2973 29.905 390 4P ■ 27.0 12 P 33-0 31 2 28.3 7-5 4 30-15 30.02 30.116 27.0 0 A 19.0 12 P 23.0 22.4 21 3 0.0 s 30.15 29.77 29-974 22.0 3P 19.0 0 A 205 20 6 20.7 0.0 6 29.77 29.62 29.664 28.0 5P 20.0 0 A 240 24 3 24.5 2.1 7 30.12 30.31 29.75 30.12 29.966 30-234 32.5 30.0 2:30 p 4P 25 0 9.0 8 A 7 A 28.3 28.5 255 II. 7 6.2 8 195 19.0 9.4 9 30.34 30.15 30.285 330 3P 40 7:30 A 18.5 16.1 11.7 9.9 10 30.15 29.76 29.8S6 25.0 9P 30 7 A 14.0 14.5 137 4.0 ii ^9 93 29.80 29.921 27.0 2 p II. 5 12 P 193 19.8 14.5 9-7 12 29.S9 29.63 29.720 24.0 4P 10 0 3 A 17.0 145 11.3 7.7 •3 29.79 29.62 29754 24.0 3P 4.0 7:30 A 14 0 12.5 7.0 9.6 14 29.S1 29.69 29-774 25.0 3P -25 6:30 A -JLi- II. 7 93 70 15 30.22 29.80 30032 30.0 3P 40 7:30 A 17.0 17.5 135 8.4 16 30-3^ 30.22 30.362 235 4 P 10.5 8:30 A 170 157 II.3 10. 1 '7 3052 30.31 30.414 30.5 4 P 60 7 A 18.3 i8.8 155 9.0 18 3063 30.31 30.484 310 3:30 P 11.5 7:30 A 21.0 20.2 14.3 10.3 19 3075 30.59 30-733 22.0 8:30 P 2.5 5:30 A 12.3 13-3 13-5 9.2 20 30.59 29.62 29.930 33-0 5:30 P 13.0 3A 23.0 23-9 24.5 05 2[ 29.90 30 2S 29.70 29.90 29.818 30.160 30.0 255 I A 4 P 20 0 90 12 P 7:30 A 250 24 6 19.0 22.0 16.7 9.6 22 17-3 9-3 23 30.50 30.28 30.350 21.0 4P 6.0 12 P 13-5 [4.1 13-5 9.4 24 30.65 30.50 30.604 360 3:30 P -I 0 6 A 175 16 9 II. 7 10. 1 25 30.56 30.39 30474 39-5 3:30 P -1-5 7A 19.0 199 15.0 96 26 3039 30.17 30.274 44 5 3P 10.5 7:30 A 27-5 26.3 187 10.2 27 30.17 29.70 29S94 43.0 4P 8-5 6:30 A 25.7 266 20.3 10.) 28 29.79 29.68 29.760 39-5 2 p 16.5 7 A 28.0 30.0 24.0 10.2 29 29.S1 29.74 29.786 30.5 1 P 21.0 5 A 25.7 26 2 21-3 10.7 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipitation. £ Total in D 0 a > ■-2 M ■ c . 5 3 cr a 'c bi Inc les. t rt Q So, D J) 3 '5 1) > V 0 o"* HS.S 2 ~ n: 0 S c V m c c W c OS 0 c I 12.5 .117 73-5 W. 102 0-5 10 4 P 2 .65 •147 67.0 s.w. 41 0 0 — 9 P 12 P T i 3 265 ■159 92.0 N. 46 0 0 — 0 A 4 A T i 4 19.5 .118 930 N. 106 0-5 10 3 P 6 A 12 P •17 1 5 195 "4. 96.5 N. 187 OS 10 II P 0 A 12 P .88 l| 6 23-5 .136 94.0 N. no 0-5 10 2 A 0 A 3 P •03 T 7 22.0 •147 82.5 VV.N.W. 50 2 5 22 10 P I A 2 A .02 I 8 6.0 .082 74.5 N.N.E. 145 05 10 2 P 9 7-5 .083 81 0 N.W. 133 3-5 26 4A lO 12.0 .090 80.5 N. 24 2-5 22 10 p 9 A 9 P .06 ih ( I lO.O .092 76 0 N.N.W. 205 I.O 14 2 A (2 6.5 .080 765 N. 152 30 24 12 P 13 -5.0 .069 530 N. 193 2.0 20 3A 14 6.5 .074 S55 s.s.w. 45 0 0 — 15 1 0.0 .092 80 5 N N.E. 48 2-5 22 10 P 3 P 3 P T T 16 6.0 .080 73-5 N.W. 266 50 32 I P '7 6.0 .109 570 W.xN.W. 112 1.0 14 5P t8 9.0 .094 73-0 N.N.E. 176 25 22 10 A II P 12 P T i '9 8.0 ,092 750 N N.E. 164 2.0 20 12 M 20 23.0 •137 94.0 N.N.E. 157 55 33 1 P 2 A 7 P 1.40 7 21 20.5 .122 935 W N.W. 353 85 4f 12 M 22 14.0 .102 845 w.s.w. 294 4-5 30 2 P 3 P 3:30 P T T 23 9.0 .086 78.5 W.N.W. 235 3-0 24 I P 24 ^5 .090 625 W. 104 I 5 17 4 I^ 25 10.5 .104 77.0 S S.W. 3S 0.0 — 26 12.5 .118 71-5 W.N.W. 46 00 — 27 12-5 .132 63.0 N. 88 '■5 17 41^ 28 20 0 .141 790 N.N.W 117 25 22 4P 29 12.0 .132 60.0 W.N.W. 234 30 24 4 P •*Rain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS Good winter weather was in eviden :e throughout the whole month. Sleighing started with a sleety snow on the 5th and con- tinued for the remainder of the month. The snowstorm of the 20th was the heaviest storm of the season and much of it was still on the ground when the month closed. While there was much sunshine the temperature was below freezing nearly all the time. The number of clear days was unusually large, and the nights were generally clear and cold. The wind was persistently from the northerly points of the compass. The mean barometer was slightly higher than the normal and the range of pressure was very small for the time of year. The total range for the month occurred on the 19th-20th when the heavy snowfall occurred. This rapid fall of the barometer of more than an inch was followed by the heaviest wind of the month on the 21st, when the only gale was registered. The mean hourly temperature was more than three degrees lower than the normal and the maximum temperature was below freezing on more than one-half the days of the month. Not a single day showed an average hourly temperature above freezing. The range of temperature on the 25th was but little less than the range for the entire month. The mean dew point was more than four degrees lower than usual and the relative humidity was practically normal. The total precipitation was about three-fourths of the normal and nearly all of it was snow and sleet. The total wind movement was about a thotisand miles less than usual. The amount of bright sunshine was about thirty per cent more than the normal after allowing for the extra day of the month. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. H. SHEPARD, Observer. ,\ias.^adii.. aillural CoUeue, AIViHEHST, MASS. BULLETIN No. 423. MARCH. 1924 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.j ft. Height oj Wind Jnstrume/its 72 ft. Time used, y^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing 29.90, 31st, 12 p Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.91, 12th. 4 a Reduced maximum reading, 30.21. 31st, 12 p. Reduced minimum reading, 29.22. 12th, 4 a. Mean semi-daily reduced 29 772 Monthly range 0.9S Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 58.0, 23rd, 5 p Lowest 8.0, 2d, 7A Mean hourly 34.4 Mean of means of max. and min 34.4 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 29.7 Monthly range 50.0 Highest mean daily 41.7, 28th Lowest mean daily 24.2, 2d Mean maximum 43.5 Mean minimum 26.0 Mean daily range 17.5 Greatest daily range 35.0, 23rd Least daily range 5.0,11th Humidity. Mean dew point 23.4 Mean force of vapor 190 Mean relative humidity 70.2 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 1.05 Total snow, in inches 24 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 6 Days of sleighing 4 Wind. Total movement 66ooni Greatest daily movement 553m, 12th Least daily movement 32m, 3rd Mean daily movement 213m Mean hourly velocity 8.9ni Maximum pressure per square foot, 20.0 lbs = 63m per hour, 12th, 5 a., N.N.E. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per hour, 2Sth, 2 p., W.N. W. Prevailing direction. North Northwest. Summary. North Northwest 16 per cent Northwest '3 " " North 13 " " Northeast 10 " " West Northwest 10 " " Other directions 38 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 44 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 79 hours = 21 percent. Number of clear days 22 Number of fair days 6 Number of cloudy days 3 Briiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 292 = 79 per cent. Rain, jth, 7th, nth, 12th, 26th, 29tli, 30th. Thunder and Lii^htninit, 29th. SnoMT 7th, uth, 12th, 26th, 2Sth, 29th. Gales, 57 m., nth, N. E.; 63m., 12th, N.N.E.; 41m., 13th, N.; 45m., 14th, :N. W., 45m., 15th., N. W.; 49m, 16th., N. \V.; 46m., 17th; N. W.; 36m., iSth, N. W.: j8ni., 19th, N.; 36m , 20th, N.; 39m., 2ist, E. N. E.: 35m., 22d., N. E.: 35m., 27th, N N. E.: 59ni., 28th, W. N. \V.; 4ini., 31st, W. N. W. DAILY SUMMARY Barometer Reduced to < c4 V B 5 £ V s -a i d « K 5 rt 41 "3 1- c 3 3 Q s S 2^ s 'f, s Li 9} C^..-. K 0 S S^^ ^l I 29.81 29.72 29-795 39-5 4:30 P 19.0 6 A 29-3 26.7 21.5 10.5 2 29.90 29.81 29.875 39-5 4:30 p 8.0 7 A 237 242 ,8.5 10.5 3 30.09 29.90 30.016 43-5 2:30 P 18.0 5:30 A 30.7 29-7 26.3 9-5 4 30.20 30.00 30-113 46 0 41^ 17.0 6:30 A 3'-5 33-3 26.7 9-7 5 30.00 29.71 29-747 390 3P 33-5 7:30 A 36.3 36.0 347 2.1 6 29.89 2973 29.864 49-5 4P 340 3A 4' 7 _ 399 35-5 10.5 7 30.87 29.65 29-731 38.C 0 A 28.0 12 P 33-0 34-6 3«-7 3-7 8 29.77 29.64 29.71S 34-5 12 P 21.0 6 A 27-3 29.2 26.0 9-7 9 29.94 29.77 29.918 525 4P 34-5 0 A 43-5 40.4 33 5 10.5 10 29.91 29.68 29.828 42.0 I P 30-5 2:30 A 3(^-3 36-5 33-0 7.0 ti 2968 29.25 29.408 38.0 1 1 -.30 A 33-0 10 P 35-5 35-3 33-5 4.0 (2 29.51 29.22 29.376 38.0 3P 30 0 3 A 340 34.5 3>-3 95 «3 29.59 29.57 29.47 29.42 29.548 29-495 39-5 34-5 4P 4:30 P 240 19.0 12 P 7 A 3'-7 32.6 27.0 20.5 11.7 «4 '26.7 ' 25.5 11-3 •5 29.45 29-53 29.408 310 I P 21.0 5 A 26.0 25.0 21.7 7-4 i6 29.58 2939 29.482 32.0 2 P 20.0 4 A 26.0 25.8 22 0 10.4 '7 29.71 29.58 29.676 380 2 P 23-5 6 A 307 30.8 27.0 114 t8 29.72 29.63 29.708 44.0 4:30 P 270 6a 355 34 5 31-3 II.O 19 29.78 29.69 29.741 41.5 1:30 P 230 7 A 32-3 32.9 29-3 n-5 20 29.88 29.77 29-^^73 53-0 4:30 P 255 7 A 39-3, 37-5 31-3 1 1.0 2( 29.88 29.76 29.801 44.0 4 P 3 '-5 0:30 A 37-7 38.5 355 5-7 22 3003 29.85 29.986 50.0 4 P 330 12 P 4'-5 40.7 33-7 1 1-3 23 30 06 29.94 30.007 58.0 5 P 23.0 6:30 A 40.5 40.0 33-5 1 1.9 24 30.00 29.90 29.965 54.0 3P 25-5 6:30 A 39-7 40.3 33-3 11.4 25 3013 30-03 30.086 45 0 4 P 265 6a 35-7 358 3'-3 11.6 26 30.03 2975 29-839 42.0 2 p 25-5 6 a 33-7 33-2 28.5 6.4 27 29.84 29-73 29.801 50.5 5 P 32.0 2 A 41-3 39-2 34-0 ir.2 28 29.84 29.70 29.796 54.5 2:30 p 30.0 3:30 A 423 41.7 33-7 10.9 29 2986 29-47 29.756 48.0 0:30 p 295 7 A 38-7 38.3 3' -5 8.6 30 29.64 2943 29-545 49-5 3:30 p 33-5 I A 41-5 39-2 347 9.0 31 30.21 29.64 29.944 40.0 4:30 p 27.0 12 P 33-5 33-9 27.5 10.5 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Q o a. c aj >> rt £ rt i: .t: rt c nl ii'o V o aj 41 3 a Sa, S'^ S;i; = Wind. a.a 2>2 3 j; g rt 3; t. 23- a. SE Precipitation. Total in Inches. I 12.5 •134 60.0 2 9.0 .119 60.0 3 23-5 .152 880 4 21.0 .174 72.0 5 33-5 .205 95-5 6 31-5 .229 78.5 7 28.0 .192 82.S 8 18.0 .162 64. s 9 28.0 .220 69.5 10 29.0 .204 79.0 ( 1 31.0 .202 «.S5 12 26.5 .196 74.0 i.i 20.0 .170 64.0 •4 II-5 .128 6..S '5 I2-0 .13b 575 16 12.0 .138 57-5 '7 22.0 .164 73-5 18 27.0 .191 790 IQ 22.0 .186 66.0 20 23-S .204 635 21 3,0 •234 75.0 22 2S-5 ■234 60.0 23 27.5 .216 71-5 24 2-vO .230 63.0 25 25-5 .200 69.5 26 23.0 .17b 72.5 27 28.5 .228 70.0 28 24.0 .242 57-5 -9 25.0 .204 68.0 30 30.0 .226 74-5 3' 200 •173 64.0 N.W. ISO 2.0 20 9 P N.N.VV. 88 I.O 14 12 M s.s.w. 32 0.0 s. 98 40 28 4 i' s.s.w. SS 0.0 — 6 a I I' -,-. N.N.W. 126 i-S 17 3 P s.w. 41 2.0 20 9 '' II a 8 1' .10 N.N.W. 198 3.0 24 I P N. 284 3-0 24 I A E. ii3 2S 22 12 P N.E. 425 16.0 S7 12 M 6 a 12 p .12 N.N.E. .SS3 20.0 63 5 A 0 A 0 A .07 N.N.W. 3«5 8.S 4' 10 A N.W. 286 1 0.0 4S 2 P N.W. 301 10. 0 4S 9 p W.N.W. .391 12.0 49 2 P W.N.W. 369 lo.s 46 3 P N.W. 276 6..S 36 12 M N.N.W. 207 70 3« 7 A N. 176 6.5 36 II A N.E. 223 7o 39 6 p NE. 274 60 3.S 10 A E.N.E. 82 o.S 10 I P N.N.E. 121 4.0 28 I P N. i'3 O-.S 10 9A E.S.E. III 2.0 20 4 P 2 P 10 P 1 N. 238 60 3S 12 M W.S.W. 261 I7-.S .S9 4P 4 A 6 A i S.S.E. 99 2.0 20 H P 2 P 12 P •49 S.W. 143 3-0 24 5P 0 A I A •05 W.N.W. 411 8.5 41 I p T T 'Kain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was greatly affected by the gen- erally low barometric pressure and large wind movement. Gales were registered on nearly one-half of the days of the month and from the 11th to the 22d inclusive a wind pressure of six pounds or more was recorded each day. During this time the barom- eter was much below the normal pressure and the daily wind movement was exceptionally large. Practically no precipitation occurred during the period. The transition from winter to spring was rather gradual but none the less quite complete when the month closed. The records of the several weather elements show the following features : the mean barometer was one of our lowest monthly records for this feature. The range of pressure was much less than normal, due to the low maximum pressure for the month. Nearly all of the wind was near the north. The mean temperature was nearly normal and the range rather small. After the first few days the minimum temperatures were generally above 20 degrees and below 32 degrees. The mean dew point and relative humidity were both consid- erably lower than usual. The total precipitation was about one-third of the normal and more than one-half of it fell during a moderate thunder storm on the night of the 29th. There was but little snow dur- ing the month. The wind movement was nearly a thousand miles more than usual due to the numerous gales mentioned above. The amount of sunshine was extremely large and only three days were recorded as cloudy. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. H. SHEPARD, Observer. ..toasACuuseUs Agricultural College, AMHERST, MASS. BULLETIN No. 424. APRIL. 1924 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, Ji ft. Above sea level, 2yj.j ft. Height oj Wind Instruments y2 ft. Tifiie used, y^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing 30.10, 6th, 6 A Minimum reduced to freezing;, 29.13, 7th. 9 A Reduced maximum reading, 30.41, 6th, 6 a. Reduced minimum reading, 29-43, 7th, g a. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.954 Monthly range 0.9S Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 71.0, 28th, 4 p. Lowest 22.0, ist, 5:3oa. Mean hourly 44.3 Mean of means of max. and min 44.2 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 38 6 Monthly range 49.0 Highest mean daily 53.0, 27th Lowest mean daily 29.8, ist Mean maximum 53.9 Mean minimum 34.4 Mean daily range 19.5 Greatest daily range 37.0, 4th Least daily range 5.0, iSth Humidity. Mean dew point 31.9 Mean force of vapor 2S6 Mean relative humidity 66.9 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 4.54 Total snow, in inclies 8.0 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 11 Days of sleighing 2 Wiiifl. Total movement ;83om Greatest daily movement 364m, 2d Least daily movement 78m, 29th Mean daily movement i95m Mean hourly velocity 8.1m Maximum pressure per square foot, 23.5 lbs = 69m per hour, 14th, 3 p., N. W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per hour, 14th, 3 p., N. W. Prevailing direction, North Northwest. .Summary. North 17 per cent Northwest '3 " " West 13 " " South Southwest 10 " " Other directions 47 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 47 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 114 hours = 28 per cent. Number of clear days 16 Number of fair days u Number of cloudy days 3 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 28S = 72 per cent. Rain, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, iSth, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 30th Snow ist, 2d, 8th. Thunder and Litihtning, 22d. Gales, 43m., ist, N. N. W.: 4ini., 6th, E.N.E.; 69m., 14th, \. W.: 45m., 19th, N. W.; 35ni , 22d, N.; 42m., 23d, N. \V.; 51 m., 24th, N. N. W.; 35m., 25th, N. N. E.; 45m., 26th, N.; 35m., 27th, N. N. \V.: 36m., 2.Sth, S. S. W.; 35m, 30th, S. DAILY SUMMARY, Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature . Ground Shelter S 3 g g 3 g C 3 g g g 3 £ c 6 g Mean of Max. and Min. Mean Hourly Draper. si i) 3 3 3 OCT) 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 [I 12 '3 14 15 16 •7 [8 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30.29 29.79 30.127 37-0 12 M 22.0 5:30 A 29.5 29.8 27.3 30.01 29.56 29.785 36.5 3P 2S.0 6 A 32.3 3t.8 29.7 30.29 30.01 30.236 47.5 5P 26.5 6 A 37 -o 37-6 33-5 30-31 30.19 30.277 620 4P 25.0 6 a 43 5 43.3 36.7 30.40 30-31 30.348 680 3P 33-0 6:30 A 50.7 50.7 42.5 30.41 29.86 30.218 49-5 2:30 p 36.0 5 A 42.7 41.6 38.7 29.86 29-43 29.458 50. c 10 A 38.0 I A 44.0 41 7 39-5 29.92 29.48 29.728 40.0 I P 34.0 7:30 A 37.0 38.0 340 30.01 29.92 29.986 560 3P 33-5 7:3oA 44.7 42.9 37-3 29.96 29.86 29.886 550 3P 365 3A 45-7 45.2 39-7 3006 29-87 29.949 51 0 2 p 330 12 P 42.0 42.9 35.5 30-13 29.92 30.026 55 -o 3:30 p 27.0 4 A 41 .0 41-5 34-5 29.94 29.76 29.864 61.0 5:30 p 40.0 6:30 A 505 52.6 46.0 29.88 29.63 29.724 61.0 I p 41.0 12 P 5'o 5<.S 44-3 30.11 29.88 30.024 52.6 s p 340 5:30 A 430 433 35-5 30.22 30.07 30.168 550 4 P 26.5 6 A 407 41.2 34-7 30.30 30.20 30.260 62.0 4P 28.0 6a 450 44.8 35-7 30.23 29.67 30 004 46.0 II P 41.0 6p 43 5 42.9 38-5 29.78 29.59 29.656 56.0 I P 40.0 6a 48.0 47-6 41.0 29.84 29. 75 29.797 43-0 10 A 34-0 6 a 38.5 39-7 35-5 30.01 29.84 30.001 55-0 2 P 34-5 6 A 44.7 46.0 39-5 2994 29.46 29.638 44.0 I A 38.0 6 A 41.0 41.4 40.3 29 96 29.57 29.798 550 4P 390 6a 44-7 44-3 39-0 30.01 29.83 29.946 58.0 4P 36 0 5:30 A 47.0 48.9 39-5 30.20 29.87 30.OU8 530 12 M 34-0 5A 43.5 45 -o 38.5 30.29 30.19 30.248 59-5 3P 390 5:30 A 49-3 49.0 43-0 30.21 29.90 30 046 68.0 5P 34-5 6 A 51-3 53.0 41-5 2993 29.78 29.897 71.0 4P 36.5 6 A 53 7 52.9 43 -o 2984 2973 29.771 52.0 6p 37-0 2 A 44-5 45.8 43-7 29.87 29.59 29.756 64.0 3--30 I' 47-0 7 A 55-5 53-0 48.5 7.3 II.O 12.3 118 12.2 8.6 7-3 6.3 9.6 9.7 11.9 96 10.6 1 I.I 12.5 12.9 12 9 0.0 11.6 4.1 II.O 0.4 86 12.8 90 12.6 12.8 13.2 6.2 7.8 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipita tion. £ Total in 01 Q 0 a > M ■ = ,2 c . £ 3 CT V 0. w t'c Indies. l_ to i: V 51.1 « D "- If t.' ~ 0 c m c -5 c W c 2i St 0 c in I 235 .158 81.0 E.N.E. 154 1-5 17 II P 3P 12 P .40 54 2 27.0 .172 87.0 N.W. 3<'4 9.0 43 I P 0 A 7:30 A •25 2.i 3 26.0 .227 61.5 W 18s 30 24 2 r 4 28.S .268 60.0 S.S.VV. 9' 1.0 14 5 I' 5 36.5 •332 68.5 S. 116 0-5 10 8 V 6 36.5 .246 900 E.S.E. 124 8.5 41 10 p 12 M 12 P .60 7 370 .262 835 N. 3»7 5-5 33 5 A 0 A 6 P .87 8 29.0 .218 75-5 N. 316 55 33 10 A 5 A 4 P .07 T 9 330 .244 79-5 E. 142 1-5 17 2 P 6 p 10 P •03 lO 340 .286 71S N.W. 149 2.0 20 2 P II 28.0 .252 60 5 N. 196 5.0 32 2 P 12 28.S .244 675 s.s.w. 162 5-0 32 5 y 13 39-0 .400 fir.5 S.S.VV. 131 3-0 24 10 P 14 37-0 .368 60 0 w.s.w. 35« 235 69 3 ^ '5 24.5 .267 50.0 N. 229 6.0 35 3 P 16 25.0 •25' 550 N.N.E. 152 5-5 33 2 p '7 24.S .274 49-5 W »33 4-5 30 7 P 18 33-5 .262 76.0 S.S.E. 136 15 17 11 A 11 A 12 P 1. 00 •9 3i-o ■329 59-5 N. 346 lO.O 45 4 P 0 A 4:30 A .50 20 28.5 .246 635 N.W. 138 1.0 '4 10 A 10 A 12 P .10 21 32.S .290 65.0 N.N.W 142 3-5 26 7 P 8 P 12 P T 22 39-5 ■254 96.0 N.E. 117 6.0 35 2 I' 0 A 4 P •52 23 305 .298 570 W.N.W. 335 9.0 42 3 I' 24 27.0 ■333 415.0 W. 271 13.0 51 2 p 25 28.0 .301 51-5 N.E. 23S 60 35 2 p 26 35-5 ■348 60.0 N.N.E. 277 10 0 45 2 p 27 31-5 .360 530 N.W. 166 6.0 35 12 M 28 33 5 .362 550 W. 103 6.5 36 4 P 29 40.5 .316 820 E S.E. 78 0.0 — 30 45-5 .380 81.0 S. 173 6.0 35 3 P 4 P 12 P .20 **Kain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was generally seasonable although the advance of Spring was rather slow. A large wind movement with numerous gales largely offset the heavy precipi- tation so that conditions for farming were not far from normal. The last part of the month was free from frost, and vegetation made considerable progress. The mean barometer was rather low and the changes in pressure not as marked as the large wind movement seemed to warrant. The total range in pressure occurred however in but little more than a day. The mean hourly temperature was two degrees lower than usual and the range of temperature small for the time of year. The lowest temperature came on the morning of the 1st, and the maximum very near the last of the month . The mean dew point and relative humidity were both below their respective normals. The total precipitation was fifty per cent more than normal and nearly all of it occurred during three well defined storms. The first of these was a snowstorm on the lst-2nd which was the largest snowfall so far this year ; The other two storms each showed about one and one-half inches of rain. The total wind movement was nearly ten per cent more than normal and on six days more than three hundred miles in twenty four hours was registered. The amount of sunshine was very large and onl}^ three days were classed as cloudy. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. H. SHEPARD, Observer. LIBRAHY OF THE MassachiistUs Agricultural ColU-r AMHERST, MASS. BULLETIN No. 425. MAY, 1924 Meteorolodcal Observations MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 273-5.fi- Height oj Wind Instnitnents J2 ft. I'itne used, j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing 29.94, nth, 8 A. Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.96, ist. 6 A. Reduced maxinuim reading, 30.24, nth, 8 a. Reduced minimum reading, 29.26, ist, 6 .\■ ^lean semi-daily reduced 29.S51 Monthly range 0.9S Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 74.0, 17th, 4 p. Lowest 33.0,23rd, 5:30 a. Mean hourly 53.5 Mean of means of max. and min 53.2 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 47 6 Monthly range 41.0 Highest mean daily 62.4, 17th, iSth Lowest mean daily 44.1, loth .Mean maximum 63.0 Mean minimum 434 Mean daily range 19.6 Greatest daily range 34.5, 23d Least daily range .5.0,10th Humidity. Mean dew point 42.3 Mean force of vapor 403 Mean relative humidity 70.3 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 2.21 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 15 Wind. Total movement 5'35m Greatest daily movement 3)4mi i8th Least daily movement 45m, 20th Mean daily movement i66m Mean hourly velocity 6.9m Maximum pressure per square foot, 13.5 lbs = 52m per hour, 18th, 3 p., S. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per hour, iSth, 3 p., S. Prevailing direction. West. Summary. .South Southwest 19 per cent Southwest 16 " West 13 " Northwest 10 " North Northeast 10 " Other directions 32 " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 54 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 1S8 hours = 42 per cent. Number of clear days n Number of fair days n Number of cloudy days 9 Britibt Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 265 = 58 per cent. Rain. 3d, 4th, 6th, 9th, lotli, nth, 12th, 15th, 16th, 18th, 20th, 2ist, 22d, 24th, 27th, 28th. Thunder and Liiibtnin^, 4th, 24th. Frost 2d. Gales. 39m., ist, W.N.W.; 36m., 2d, W.S.W.: 41m., 3d, S.S.W.; 48m., 4th, W.S.W.; 35m., 5th, N.W.: 40m., 9th, E.N.E.; 40m., 12th, N.N.W.; 39m., 15th, W.N. W.; 52m., iSth, S.: 47m., 19th. N.W.: 47m., 24th, S.S.W.; 40m.. 30th, N.W.; 45m., 31st, N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to 0) Sea Level. Tein perature . Ground Shelter. E e >< g 3 s 'a s 3 s 6 S c 3 S 'c 6 S T3 i d =' 4) "3 Sew 2 c 3 3 6"^ Q S is 2 ^ s H S H a) 0 1^ SJ^^ Zffl I 29.78 29.26 29.500 60.5 2 P 44-0 12 P 523 52.1 46.7 7-9 2 30.02 29.80 29.910 64.0 2 P 34-0 5 A 490 50 0 41-5 12.5 3 30.06 29.81 29.952 68.5 3P 40 5 6 A 54-5 53.8 44-7 10.4 4 29.89 29.61 29.721 61 0 11:30 A 46.0 12 P 53 5 52.7 46.3 96 5 29.97 29.89 29-954 ^3 5 4:30? 3S.0 6 A 50.7 53-0 44-5 12.9 6 30-03 29.97 30.008 64-5 3--30 P 44.0 9A 54 3 52-5 45.0 9-2 7 30.10 29.97 30.046 72.0 5 P 390 6 A 55-5 57 7 49-5 12.8 8 30.00 29.80 29.857 69.5 2 p 530 6 A 61.3 61.3 555 5.0 9 30.10 2982 30.024 580 0 A 42.0 12 P 50.0 47-3 43-0 0.0 10 30.22 30.10 30-213 46.5 5P 41.5 4 A 44.0 44.1 430 0.0 II 30.24 30.08 30.182 52-0 1:30 p 420 I A 47.0 463 43-0 2.1 12 30.08 29.63 29-758 49-0 3P 420 3A 45 5 45-1 42.7 0 0 »3 29.89 29.62 29.758 59-0 6 P 42 0 5 A 505 5'-2 48-3 9-5 14 29.92 29.76 29.869 72.0 3^ 43 5 3A 57-7 59-9 55-7 11.4 15 29.88 29.65 29.776 67 0 0:30 P 50.0 12 P 585 59 3 53-5 12. 1 16 2988 29.74 29.S2O 64 0 5:30 P 46 0 5 A 550 54-3 48.7 8.6 17 2985 29.78 29.826 74.0 4P 490 6 a 6. .5 62.4 527 13 I [8 29.84 29-57 29.722 72.5 2 P 53-0 5 A 627 62 4 55-7 12.3 19 30.03 2972 29.981 59-5 2 P 47-5 6a 53 5 53.6 42.5 12.2 20 30.04 29.90 29 966 48.5 6 p 42.5 12 P 45-5 456 433 0.0 21 2990 29-73 29.798 57-5 3:30 P 41.5 5A 49-5 49-5 45-3 7.8 22 2989 29.72 29.791 62.0 4P 41.0 12 P 51-5 5'-8 43-0 12.7 23 2997 29.89 29956 67.5 3:30 P 33-0 5:30 A 50.3 54-1 47-5 114 24 2996 2958 29.709 70.0 I P 51.0 6 A 60.5 59-4 56.0 4-3 25 29.78 29.63 29.677 59-5 2 P 44-0 12 P 5'-7 52.6 42-5 11.9 26 30.00 29.78 29.884 60.0 2 P 35 5 5 A 47-7 50.4 45.0 12.6 27 30.02 29.80 29925 63.0 0:30 P 38.0 5 A 50.5 52-3 505 5-4 28 29.80 29.67 29.709 72.5 2:30 P 53-5 4 A 63 0 59-9 56.0 5-6 29 29.72 29-55 29-637 70.0 11:30 A 45-5 5:30 A 57-7 59-4 503 8.1 30 29.76 29.56 29.696 60.0 3P 44 -o 12 P 52.0 529 45-3 lO.O 31 29.82 29.72 29-754 64-5 1:30 P 38.0 5 A 51-3 53-1 47-5 14.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. hM V Q o a > >> C 41 >. CD 5 nl C rt .Ti = Pi 52.0 •525 75^o 19 3^5 •357 530 20 40 0 •312 80.0 21 40.5 •347 74.5 22 34.0 •357 56.0 23 390 ■434 56.0 24 S50 .472 86.0 2S 3,0 .366 49.0 26 39-0 369 64.5 27 480 403 84.0 28 55° •473 91.5 29 40.0 •505 520 30 37.5 •393 57.0 31 40.0 •43« S^-5 W.N.W. 220 S.W. 21=; S.W. 181 W. 268 N.W. 243 N.N.W. 105 E.S.E. 100 E. 126 N.N.E. 206 N.E. 99 N.N.E. 8i N.N.E. '5° W. 103 s.s.w. 170 w.s.w. 26s S.W. 46 sw. 146 s.s.w. 314 N.W. 301 s.s.w. 45 s. 64 N. 140 S.W. 91 s.s.w. 263 N.N.W. 223 w. 143 S.S.W. 131 s.s.w. 124 w. 124 N.W. 217 W.N.W. 231 7^5 6.5 8.5 "•5 6.0 2^5 i.o 2.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 2-5 5.0 ■ 7^5 0.0 4-5 '3-5 1 1.0 0.0 0.0 25 4.0 1 1.0 4.0 4.5 4.5 0-5 3^o 8.0 10. o 39 5P 36 3 P 41 4 y 4 A 6a .02 48 I p 3A 8 a .18 35 I P 22 2 p 5 A 9 A .04 14 I P 20 2 p 40 4 1' 10 A 12 p • so — 0 A 12 p .08 — 0 A )2 P •15 40 9 A 0 A 5 I' .20 22 12 M 32 3 I' 39 I P I A 2:30 A .19 — 3 P 1 30 12 M 52 3 I' 7:30 p 10 P •03 47 II A — 6 A ID A .01 — 7:30 p 12 P .02 22 I P 0 A 1 A .02 28 31^ 47 I p 5A 11 P .66 28 4 P 30 2 p 30 7 P 12 M 12 P .08 10 2 P 0 A 5 P •03 24 12 M 40 3P 45 10 A 'Kain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was disappointing in general although it is difficult to say in what respect. It is true that the mean temperature was rather low but it was nearly the same as in 1915 and 1920. It was much warmer than the abnormally cold May of 1917. It was rainy and cloudy but the total rainfall was only about two-thirds of the normal and the hours of sunshine more than usual. No frost of any conse- quence occurred and yet it was bordering on frost three days of the last week of the month and, in fact, frost was noted on the grounds in neighboring places. The seasonal advance was slow and normal conditions at the beginning of the month, changed to a backward condition of about ten days at the close of the month. On examining the records we find that the mean barometer was unusually low and although the wind movement was rather large the changes in barometric pressure were not especially marked. The shifting of wind direction was more frequent than usual. The temperature record shows a mean hourly temperature about four degrees lower than normal. This lesulted in making it rather uncomfortable without heat in buildings as the normal May temperature is very close to a suitable one for comfort. The maximum temperature was thirteen degrees lower than the normal and the minimum nearly three degrees higher than the normal, giving a very small range. The maximum tempera- ture rose above 70 degrees on only seven days of the month, while normally we expect records above 80 degrees several times in May. The total precipitation was small and fell during many scattered storms of no severity, excepting that of the 24th, when for a short time there was a very heavy down pour. The mean dew-point was rather low and the relative humidity practically normal. There was nearly an equal number of clear, fair and cloudy days. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. H. SHEPARD, Observer. MHssar.hiisetts Aericultural College -•.:VJH£RST. MASS. BULLETIN No. 426. JUNE, 1924 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGllICULTUML EXPEllIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' 10" W. fleij^hf of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instrtiments "J 2 ft. I'inie used, y§th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing 30.04, nth, 6 a. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.2S, 29th. 4 p. Reduced maximum reading, 30.34, nth, 6 a. Reduced minimum reading, 29.56, 29th, 4 p. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.928 Monthly range 0.7S Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest S7.0, 24th, I p. Lowest 39.5, ist, 4:30 A. Mean hourly 64.8 Mean of means of max. and min 64.3 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 58. 5 Monthly range 47.5 Highest mean daily 75. S, 24th, 29th Lowest mean daily 54.0, 8th Mean maximum 76.3 Mean minimum 52.3 Mean daily range 24.0 Greatest daily range 36.0, 17th Least daily range 11.0,5th Humidity. « Mean dew point 54.7 Mean force of vapor 604 Mean relative humidity 73. 8 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 1.2S Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 9 Wind. Total movement 3190m Greatest daily movement 239m, 29th Least daily movement sSm, 4th, 28th Mean daily movement io6m .Mean hourly velocity 4.4m Maximum pressure per square foot, 8.5 lbs = 41m per hour, 29th, 5 p., S.W. Maximum velocity for , minutes, 21m per hour, 2gth, 3 p., S.W. Prevailing direction, Soutwest. Summary. South Southwest 27 per cent South 10 " West 13 " North Northwest 10 " North 10 " Other directions -!,■}, " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 40 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 144 hours = 32 per cent. Number of clear days 11 Number of fair days 15 Number of cloudy days 4 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 313 = 68 per cent. Rain. 3d, 4th, 6th, 8th, gth, 13th, 14th, 2ist, 25th, 27th, 29th. Thunder and Lightninii. 3rd, 4th, 2;th, 29th. Gales. 35m., ist, W.: 41m., 29th, S.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Tern perature . Ground Shelter. S s g 'S is 5 3 s E H S 3 'S is £ Mean of Max. and Min. Mean Hourly Draper. 3 3 'pa I 29.65 2 29.91 3 2995 4 29,90 S 29.99 6 30.00 , 7 29 93 8 29.96 9 30 14 1 to 30-30 II 3034 12 30.30 '3 30.08 14 2991 IS 29.87 i6 2996 t? 30.01 i8 29.9s 19 29.97 20 2993 21 2997 22 2997 21 30.02 24 29.86 2S 29.85 26 29.98 27 30.03 28 29.96 29 29.86 30 30.01 29.60 29.76 29.85 29.78 29.90 29.83 29.82 29.92 2997 30.14 30.20 30.08 29.91 29.86 2976 29.77 29.88 29.84 29 85 29.87 29.78 29.84 29.80 2979 29.63 29.82 29.96 29-^3 29.56 29.74 29.828 29.803 29.907 29.833 29.971 29924 29.878 29.791 30.083 30.305 30.302 30.183 29.997 29.902 29.814 29.832 29.950 29.S84 29.912 29.922 29.838 29944 29.898 29.856 29.730 29.962 30.000 29.870 29.612 29937 69.0 730 710 65 o 74.0 71.5 71.0 60.0 75.0 69.5 71.5 69.0 68.0 69.0 79.0 78.5 80.5 85.5 84.0 84.5 77.5 86.5 86.5 87.0 82.5 81.5 72.0 83.0 86.0 78.0 3--30 P 3P 3P 3:3c P 2:30 p 8a 3*^ 12 M 4 P 2 p 2 P 2 P 2 P 3P 4 3 4 5 4 4:30 6 4:30? I p I P II A 4:30 P 6p 4:30 p 4:30 P 4 P 39 5 5:30 A 54.3 57.3 52.3 47.0 5 A 60.0 60.8 52.3 42.0 6 a 56.5 5^.9 55-0 54.0 5 A 59-5 58.5 57-0 51.0 7 A 62.5 62.3 55-3 45.0 5 A 5^-3 58.1 54-0 54.0 12 P 62.5 62.3 5S-0 47.0 3:30 A 53-5 54.0 50.0 46.0 5 A 60.5 61.1 52.3 47-0 4:30 A 58-3 59.1 53-3 45-0 5 A 58.3 58.0 51.7 46.0 4 A 57-5 58.0 530 56.0 4 A 62.0 61.8 59.0 56.0 4 A 62.5 60.9 56.7 485 3-.30 A 6V7 66.2 59-0 56.0 5 A 67.3 65.2 59-3 44 5 5 A 62.5 b5-5 59-3 625 3A 740 71. 1 65.0 53-5 5 A 68.7 69.7. 62.3 560 4 A 70.3 69.0 57-7 57-5 7 A 67.5 69.3 62.5 59 5 5"-3o A 73.0 74 3 65.0 53-5 5 A 70.0 71.5 64.7 645 4A 757 75.8 66.0 60.0 12 P 71 3 70.2 . 67.S 530 5 A 67.3 68.2 625 52.5 5 A b2.3 64.0 59.0 51.0 5:30 A 67.0 68. 5 61.7 635 4 A 74.7 7,S.8 70.5 56.0 12 P 67.0 67.0 56.5 134 12.4 8.4 3.0 lO.O 8.0 II. 5 56 13.0 10.7 11.5 9-5 8.0 8.2 12.2 9.0 "35 98 12 S 11.6 5-3 13-7 10.6 12.7 5-4 132 ir.S 12.S 12.0 13-7 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. Precipita tion. '^ Total in Q 0 3. > u c . 4) 3 > 1) 1) 1- 3>s 3 «^ rr 0 4J c '5s -5 c 0 " s£ 15 •,\u S:ii = ic HS.5 Sa.al SK H m W ■A in I 445 532 55 5 w. 164 6.0 35 3 P 2 45-5 512 00.5 N.E. 84 2.0 20 3 ? 3 52.0 500 78.0 S.S.W. 122 5-0 32 12 M ii:30A I V T 4 56.0 4S5 925 E. 58 0.0 — 3:30 A II p •35 5 52-5 495 79-5 N. 62 I.O 14 10 A 6 51.0 478 77-5 S.S.W. 103 4.0 28 2 P I p 4:30 p .14 7 52.5 5'o 750 N.N.W 196 40 2S 10 A 8 43-5 424 75.0 S.S.W. 107 1-5 17 5 A 2 p 6 p ■15 9 47-5 494 65-5 E.S.E. 86 0-5 10 6 V 6p 9P .02 lO 50.0 468 78.5 S.S.E. 63 1.0 14 3P [ I 46.5 486 660 S.S.W. 94 3'5 26 4 P 12 50.0 510 79 5 S.S.W. 109 1-5 17 10 A 13 57.0 548 86.5 S.S.W. 67 0.5 10 7 A 8:30 p II p .01 14 54-5 5'7 820 N.N.E. 112 1.0 14 4 P 8 A 3:30 P •03 '5 54 -o 652 64.0 N. 171 3-5 26 7 A 16 57-5 568 835 S.W. 83 1-5 17 3 P '7 55 -o 632 70.0 s. 99 2-5 22 5 A 18 64 0 676 88.0 w 98 1.0 14 3P '9 s8o 691 71.0 N.N.W. n 0-5 10 7 A 20 50-5 668 55-5 S.S.E. 68 2-5 22 6 i^ 21 00.5 664 81.5 W. 100 15 17 12 M 5--30 A 3P ■44 22 61.0 Soo 67.0 N. 124 1.0 14 2 P 23 61.5 738 74-S S.S.W. 96 3-0 24 12 M 24 60.0 886 60.5 W.N.W. 123 3-5 26 2 P ^5 64 0 708 86.0 W.N.W. 122 4.0 28 3P II A 6p .12 36 58.5 704 7[.o S.W. 60 1.0 14 4 P 27 56.0 584 76.5 S. 66 2.5 22 2 P 1:30 P 2:30 p T 28 590 65s 77-5 S. 58 1-5 17 II P -'9 67.0 944 710 S.S W. 239 8.5 41 5 P 2:30 A 9:30 p .02 30 51-0 585 64.5 N.N.W. 179 1-5 ■7 4 A 'Kain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was generally fair with but little precipitation and cloudiness. Following the dry conditions of May, by the end of the month the ground was without suffic- ient moisture for the growing crops. The month was cooler than usual and the daily maximum temperatures did' not reach the eighties until after the middle of the month, when they went above 80 degrees for the first time this year. The first half of the year, however, has been passed without the tempera- ture reaching 90 degrees. The barometer records were nearly normal although the mean was slightly below the average for the month of June. The total wind movement was small and only two gales were registered. The wind direction was more variable than usual. The mean temperature was more than a degree below the normal, and the minimum was above the average value. Owing to the low maximum record the range of temperature was nearly five degrees less than usual. The mean dew point and relative humidity were both near their respective normals. The total precipitation was practically forty per cent of the normal and many of the storms were so small that they scarcely moistened the ground. The amount of sunshine was large and there were only four days classed as cloudy. Owing to the peculiar conditions that have prevailed the season is very backward. This is especially noticeable in the poor condition of corn and somewhat less so in the lateness of tobacco and onions. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. H. SHEPARD, Observer. UBKAKY OF THE Massachus("t!s Agricultural College, AMHERST, Mass. BULLETIN No. 427. JULY. 1924 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGUICULTURAL EXPEllIMENT STATION. L:itit.ude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" \V. Ueii^ht of luirometer above ground, ST ft. Above sea level, 2jj.s ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J2 ft. Time used, 7§th Aler. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. M;ixin\iini reduced to freezing 29.94, 7th, 8 A. Mininuini reduced to freezing, 29.22, 17th. 12M. Reduced maximum reading, 30.23. 7th, S a. Reduced minimum reading, 29.51, 17th, 12 M. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.948 Monthly range 0.72 Air TeniDerature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 95-5. 29th, 4 p., 30th, 0:30 P. Lowest 47.0, 26th, 6 A. Mean hourly 71. i Mean of means of max. and niin 71.4 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 64.0 Monthly range 48.5 Highest mean daily 7S.7, 24th Lowest mean daily 62.3, ist Mean maximum 85.1 Mean minimum 57.7 Mean daily range 27.4 Greatest daily range 41.5, 29th Least daily range 15.5,13th HamidKy. Mean dew point 60.4 Mean force of vapor 735 Mean relative humidity 73.5 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 1.75 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 4 Wind. Total movement 341 2ni Greatest daily movement 198m, 17th Least daily movement 33m, 20th Mean daily movement iioni Mean hourly velocity 4.6ni Maximum pressure per square foot, 15.5 Ibs = 56U1 per hour, 13th, i p., S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 42m per hour, 13th, I p., S.W. Prevailing direction, Southwest. Summary. South Southwest 48 per cent Southwest 10 " " Northwest 10 " " West Northwest 10 " " Other directions 22 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 31 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 126 hours = 27 per cent. Number of clear days 16 Number of fair days '4 Number of cloudy days » Uriiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 336 = 73 per cent. Rain. 9th, loth, 13th, 17th, 22d, 24th, 25th, 27th, 30th, 31st. Thunder and Liiihtninit. 9th, 16th, 13th, 17th, 30th, 31st. Gales. 37m., ioth,S.S.W.;36ni., 13th, S.W.; 45m. 17th, W. S. W.; 39m. 25th, S. W. OAILY SUMMARY Barometer Reduced to V Sea Level. Tein perature Ground Slielter. S 3 E 3 '5 E 3 £ 3 •a ii'3 S2S 0(/) c £ c^ £ • £ • oS >• 1- ^Sa X-^ ^ rt c Ss >< E E £ rt >< c' Si| C-r- 2 CaS d " 3 s S 5 V S H i ^ 4) nl.S >> >-5 Il c . 0. St si Indies. * ra rt « = 4 52-5 658 60.C N. •33 2 0 20 3 P '5 54-0 622 68.5 S.W. 54 1.0 14 4P i6 62.0 778 72.0 S.S.W. I20 30 24 12 M '7 60.0 672 78.0 S S.W. 198 1 0.0 45 II A io:30A 12 M •53 i8 50.5 580 63.0 W.N.W. 174 45 30 I P '9 52.5 654 60.5 N.W. 122 4.0 28 I P 20 57.0 644 740 S.W. 33 0.0 — 21 58.0 735 6S.5 S S.W. 60 2.0 20 8 P 22 66.5 772 84.0 S.S.W. 1 90 50 32 II A 7:30 p T 23 65.0 929 66.5 W.N.W 194 2.0 20 12 M 24 68.0 999 70.0 S.W. 126 2.5 22 2 P 9P 10 P T 25 620 748 76.0 W. 185 75 39 12 M 9 A ii:30A T ^6 50-5 606 62.0 N.W. 59 0.0 — 27 52-5 618 64.0 N. 81 00 — 4 A 5 A .06 28 550 664 655 S.S.W. 92 4.0 28 6p 29 58.0 834 59-5 S.S w. 84 0.0 — 30 65s 854 73-5 w. 1 40 5-0 32 5P 0:30 P 10 p T 31 63.5 724 8r.5 N.W. 68 1-5 17 3P 0.30 P 6 p 69 •*Kain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in followine: day. REMARKS The small amount of precipitation which occurred during May and June left the soil very dry at the beginning of July. This droughty condition continued up to the last day of this month when a moderate shower occurred which should give some temporary relief. From the 1st of May up to the 31st of July the total pre- cipitation was only about forty per cent of the normal. June had less rainfall than May and July, up to the last day, had only two showers of about one half inch each. Our records do not show an equally dry period during the principal growing season of the year. The heavy precipitation during April and the lateness of the season in general, both tended to alleviate the drought. Aside from the precipitation most of the other weather re- cords were nearly normal. The barometer records were about their average values, the total wind movement was a little less than usual. In the wind direction, however, we had the very unusual feature of a record from a single point of the compass — South Southwest — for practically one-half the time. There were several gales — one of more than fifty miles per hour. The mean temperature was practically normal while both the maximum and minimum were higher than their respective normals. The total precipitation was only about forty per cent of the normal including the shower on the last day of the month. The mean dew point and relative humidity were both practically normal. The amount of bright sunshine was abnormally large and only one day was recorded as cloudy. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. H. H. SHEPARD, Observer. iVassiiiiui.M ..ftY OF THE AuTiciiltural Celltfi^rv BULLETIN No. 428. AUGUST. 1924 Meteorolooiccil Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTUIUL EXrElUMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Heiti^ht of barometer above ground, jr ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj Witiii Instntments y2 ft. 2'ime used, y^tliAIer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Prossiiie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing 29.99, 3rd, 12 p. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.16, 26th. i p. Reduced maximum reading, 30.28, 3rd, 12 p. Reduced minimum reading, 29.45, 26th, i p. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.967 Mimthly range 0.73 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 970, 7th, i p., Lowest 42 0, 19th, 6 A. Mean hourly 69.7 Mean of means of max. and min 70.3 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 62.7 Monthly range 55.0 Highest mean daily 7S.S, 7th Lowest mean daily 60.2, i8th Mean maximum 83.2 Mean minimum 57.4 Mean daily range 25.8 Greatest daily range 39.0, 3rd Least daily range 8.0, 12th Humidity. Mean dew point 59.5 Mean force of vapor 6S3 Mean relative humidity 76 2 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3.1 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 9 Wind. Total movement 3282m Greatest daily movement 194m, 4th Least daily movement 43ni, 3rd Mean daily movement io6m Mean hourly velocity 4.4m Maximum pressure per square foot, 4.5 lbs = 30m per hour, 7th, 2 p., S.W.; loth, 5P., N. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per hour, 10th, 5 P., N. Prevailing direction. South, Southwest. Summary. .Southwest 23 per cent South 20 " " South Southwest 16 " " North Northeast 16 " " Other directions 25 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 33 Per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 149 liours = 35 per cent. Number of clear days I3 Number of fair days '2 Numlier of cloudy days 6 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 280 =65 percent. Kain. 6th, 7th, loth, 12th, 17th, 20th, 23d, 25th, 26th, 27th. Thunder and Liiihtniua. Wh, 7th. 10th, 17th, 20th, 27th. Gales. None. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to (U Sea Level. Tern perature Ground Shelter. E 3 S E 3 £ 43 £ 3 £ oj T3 >< I.; v'5 3 3 'a SS £ ^5 E sd = IT- get; 6 S^ Q S s SJ^ s H S H oj 0 i_. ^« I 30.00 29.88 29.946 77.0 4P 530 12 P 65.0 65.8 54-7 12.7 2 30 20 30.00 30.118 76.S 5 P 45 5 6 A 61.0 61.4 53 -o 130 3 30.28 30.20 30.264 83-5 5:30 p 44-5 6a 64.0 648 57-5 13.0 4 30.28 30.01 30.132 79-5 3:3c p 585 5 A 69.0 70.1 64.3 7.8 5 30.01 29.86 29.902 94.0 4:30 p 67.0 6 a 80.5 78.0 68.7 II.6 6 29 90 29.77 29.839 94-5 5P 63 0 6 a 78.7 77 5 70.5 9-3 7 29.79 29.64 29737 97.0 I p 70.5 6:30 A 837 78.8 72.3 77 8 29.92 2976 29.892 88.0 4:30 p 61.0 12 P 74 5 74-4 66.5 12. 1 9 29.92 29.82 29.876 90.0 3:30 p 53-5 6 A 717 737 66.5 II.O lO 2999 29.89 29.950 88.0 2 p 62.5 6:30 A 753 73-5 64.7 10.5 II 3007 29.97 30.060 82.5 2:30 p 60.0 6:30 A 71-3 69.5 62.0 lO.O 12 30.06 29.96 30.018 68.0 6p 60.0 7 A 64.0 63.5 61.5 0.7 '3 30.00 29.90 29.963 85.0 3P 60.0 6a 72.5 70.1 62.3 9.0 «4 30.09 29.91 29.999 81.5 3P 59.0 12 P 70.3 69.1 60.5 10 0 •5 30.18 30.09 30.159 83.0 5:30 p 510 6A 67.0 66.1 59-3 125 i6 30.16 29.96 30.068 84.5 4 P 48-5 6a 66.5 67.0 587 9.0 I? 29 96 29.80 29.S40 76.5 4:30 P 60.0 5-^^ 683 67.0 58.5 1-5 [8 30.05 29.82 29-93'"^ 69.0 2 P 495 6a 593 60.2 537 8.2 19 30.16 30.05 30.140 79.0 5:30 P 42.0 6a 60.5 61.1 547 125 20 30.11 29.84 29973 77.0 0:30 P 58,5 0 A 67.7 67.5 62.3 4.2 21 30.09 2984 30.001 83.0 4:30 P 60.0 12 P 7'-S 70.0 60.0 no 22 30.15 30.01 30.086 84.0 4 P 490 6 A 66.5 66.6 5S.5 10.7 23 30.02 2992 29.900 74-5 4:30 59-0 5 A 66.7 64.8 62.3 2.1 24 29.94 29.85 29.911 87.5 4 P 62.0 3A 747 717 65.5 88 25 29.95 29.90 29.926 76.5 2 P 67.0 12 P 717 71.0 67.0 0.7 26 29.90 2945 29.662 76.0 5 P 61.0 12 P 68.5 675 635 I.O 27 29.91 29-72 29.814 87.0 4P 56.5 4 A 717 72.5 66.3 II. 7 28 29.96 29.75 29.891 86.0 3P 62.0 12 P 74.0 737 65.3 11.6 29 3006 29.96 30.049 86.0 3P 54-5 6 A 70.3 70.3 62.7 12. 1 30 30-06 29.81 30012 92.5 5:30? 57-5 6 a 75.0 75-1 67.3 11.9 31 29.81 29.80 29.866 93-5 3P 62.0 6a 777 78.0 72.0 11.8 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. 1 Wind. Precipitation. iZ Total in Q 0 a n! > ■-:h |.i c . V tr. S 3 cr 0. c 'c be Inches. J_ >> n c *> ^ 0 0> 4) 3 > ^ M 3 ._ 0 i>. BULLETIN No. 429. SEPTEMBER, 1924 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGIIICULTUIUL EXPEllIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' lo" W. Height of barometer above ground, 5^ ft- Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, y^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing 30.35, 27th, 8 A. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.17, 30th. 7 p. Reduced maximum reading, 30.65, 27th, 8 A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.46, 3otli, 7 p. .Mean semi-daily reduced 30 0S9 Montlily range i.io Air Temperainre. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 90-5- 2d, 2 p.. Lowest 32 5, 25th, 7 A. Mean hourly 58.7 Mean of means of max. and min 59.2 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 536 Monthly range 58.0 Highest mean daily 75.1, 1st Lowest mean daily 50.7, 24th Mean maximum 71.5 Mean mininuim 46.8 Mean daily range 24.7 Greatest daily range 40.5,25th Least daily range 12.0, 14th Humidity. Mean dew point 51.0 Mean force of vapor 479 Mean relative humidity 80.1 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 5. 87 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 7 Wind. Total movement 3274 m Greatest daily movement 384m, 30th Least daily movement 35m, i6th Mean daily movement 109m Mean hourly velocity 4.5m Maximum pressure per square foot, 10 lbs = 45"! per hour, 30th, 5 p., S. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per hour, 30th, 8 p., S. Prevailing direction. South, Southwest. Summary. South 27 per cent South Southwest 23 " " North ,..••■ 10 " " West Southwest 10 " " Other directions 30 " " Weather- Mean cloudiness observed .... 47 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 1S5 hours = 50 per cent. Number of clear days 5 Number of fair days 14 Number of cloudy days 11 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 18S = 50 per cent. Rain, ist, 2d, 5th, 9th, loth, 12th, 17th, 22d, 29th, 30th. Thunder and Liiihtninii. 2d, 5th, 9th. Frosts, 24th, 25th, 26th. Gales, 40m., gth, S., 45'"-. 3oth, S. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to (U Sea Level. Tern perature Ground Shelter. i^ c 0:5 S 3 B s 3 '3 E 3 E ii5 £ 3 E a> T3 >• u v'5 Ot/) C4 rt '5 Se c4 £ 'c £ ^ dc fij ss? 6 Sf Q S S Sc^ s H i H V 0 'C ^^^ ^<5 I 29.90 29.80 29.859 CS8.5 3P 64.0 12 P 76.3 75-1 66.7 60 2 29 84 29-53 29.754 90.5 2 p 58.0 12 P 74-3 67.7 61.5 7-3 3 30.00 29.84 29 990 73-5 4P 52.0 12 P 62.7 61.6 53-5 lO.O 4 29.97 29.88 29.930 80.0 5:30 P 47.0 3 A 635 61.8 57.0 II.7 5 29.88 29.61 29.675 72.0 12 M 47.0 5:30 A 59-5 58.9 55-7 5.0 6 29.92 29.64 29.816 62.0 2:30 P 435 3:30 A 52.7 52.9 48.0 7-5 7 30.10 29.92 30.012 70.0 4P 45.0 5A 57-5 57-1 50.7 11.4 8 30.16 29.99 30.078 67.0 5:30 P 415 5 A 54-3 55-3 51-5 2.0 9 29.99 29.71 29.799 72.0 0:30 P 57.0 12 P 64.5 64.0 62.0 0.1 10 29.90 29.70 29783 61.0 3:30? 47.0 12 P 540 54.8 48-3 1.6 II 30.20 29.90 30.139 63.0 5P 41.5 3 A 52.3 52.3 48.0 1 0.0 12 30.21 30.03 30.116 77-5 3:3c P 42.5 2 A 60.0 60.9 56.3 7.0 t3 30.03 29.85 29.920 79.5 1:30 p 58.0 6 A 6S.7 69.0 60.3 68 '4 30.14 29.87 30.031 67.0 I p 55-0 12 P 61.0 61.5 54-3 37 '5 30.26 30.14 30.237 68.0 2:30 p 50 0 12 P 590 58.9 55-0 70 i6 30.26 30.12 30.210 71-5 3:30 H 43.0 6a 57-3 56.4 50.0 8.8 •7 30.12 29.79 29.937 645 I P 49.0 6a 567 55-6 52.5 1.6 i8 30.13 29.78 39.939 74-5 3P 48.5 6:30 a 61.5 60.3 54-5 9-9 19 30.47 30.13 30.357 74.0 3:30? 46.0 6a 60.0 58.0 550 9.0 20 30.50 30.40 30.449 69.0 3:30 P 37.0 6a 530 52.8 46.0 6.5 21 3040 30.27 30.343 71-5 4 P 42.0 7 A 56.7 56.2 52.5 8.5 22 30.27 30.02 30.122 66.0 4 P 49.0 1 A 57-5 58.1 59-0 0.0 23 30-17 30.01 30.090 62.0 3'-30 P 48.0 9P 55-0 55-6 48.0 4.! 24 30.34 30.17 30.320 67.0 5 P 36.0 6a 5 '-5 50.7 44.0 10.8 25 30.44 30.34 30418 73-0 4:30 P 32.5 7 A 527 52-3 44.0 10.3 26 30. 61 30.44 30.586 72.0 5:30 P 35.0 7 A 53-5 52-3 45-5 10.5 27 3065 30.53 30.599 72.5 5:30 p 38.0 6:30 A 55-3 51.6 46.7 6.2 28 30.53 30.30 30.462 74.5 3-30 P 42.5 3 A 58.0 55-8 53-0 4.2 29 30.30 29.91 30.077 72.0 3P 56 0 1 A 64.0 655 62.0 0.2 30 29.91 29.46 29.625 70.5 8 p 53-0 12 P 61.7 66.7 68.0 0.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. p recipitation. ui Total in V Q 0 a > -2 tc ■ S 3 cr 0. c ■5 bi Indies. t_ >> Q 3 »> rt rt s 4) C> 3 1^ £5 5>i 1^1 en \^ .2 3 — 0 £ c CQ c '•xi c W i 0 c I 65.0 730 84.5 N.E. "3 I.O 14 2 P 8:30A 9:30 A T 2 60.0 600 875 E. 129 5.0 32 2 I' 3 P ID P .90 3 49.0 499 69.5 N. 182 4.0 28 3P 4 53-0 552 73-5 N. 107 0.5 10 9A S 54-5 477 90.0 s.s.w. 72 4.0 28 3P 3P 9:30 P 1-05 6 44-5 37S 89.5 w.s.w. 138 3-5 26 I P 7 46.5 448 71-5 w.s.w. 136 30 24 10 A 8 50.0 446 82.5 s. 49 4.0 28 10 P 9 60.0 622 83-5 s.s.w. 260 8.0 40 II A 12 M 12 P 1.90 10 45-5 3S6 79.0 N. "3 1-5 17 3 P 0 A 9--30A .26 II 44 -o 384 75.0 w.s.w. lOI 0.5 10 3 P 12 535 523 81.5 s. 151 4-5 30 6p 8 A 8:30 A T •3 57-5 620 77.0 s.s.w. 161 2.0 20 3 A 14 49-5 517 69.C w. 118 I -5 17 9 A '5 52.0 497 78.0 N.W. 42 0.0 — i6 46.5 420 75-5 s. 35 0.0 — — • '7 51.0 421 88.0 E.S.E. 70 0.0 — — - 5:80 P II p .05 i8 50-5 502 72.5 N.N.W. 83 1-5 17 12 M •9 52-5 496 80.5 E.N.E. 54 0.0 — — 20 44.0 346 83.5 S. 56 0.0 — — 21 51-5 425 92.0 S.S.W. 52 0.0 — — 22 59-0 520 97 -o S. 84 4.0 28 9P 6:30 A 12 P .61 23 44.0 399 72.0 N.N.W. 164 30 24 3P 24 40.5 326 75-5 N.N.E. 89 I 5 17 10 A 25 39-5 330 73 -o S.S w. 56 0.0 — — 26 430 338 83.0 s. 36 0.0 — 12 M 27 45-5 346 89.0 S.S.W. 40 0.0 — — 28 52.0 441 81.0 s.s.w. 52 0.0 — — 29 60.0 681 82.5 s. 147 5-5 33 II P T 30 67.5 722 92.0 s. 384 lO.O 45 sp 0 A 12 P 1. 10 •*Etain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The most pronounced feature of the weather for the month was the heavy precipitation, after the shortage which had been accumulating since April. Four heavy rains occurred which effectually broke all traces of the drought. While the first frost was more than a week later than usual the month was consider- ably cooler than normal and much cloudiness was in evidence. The mean barometer was higher than the normal and the range of pressure rather large. Two very pronounced lows were registered; one on the 2d and the other on the 30th. Both were accompanied by heavy rainstorms. While the wind movement was practically normal the direction was mostly from the South during the last part of the month. The mean temperature was more than two degrees lower than the normal, and the range nearly four degrees more than usual. The maximum temperature was more than three degrees higher than usual but occurred very early in the month, The mean dew point was about three degrees below the normal, largely due to the low temperature record. The relative humidity was high owing to the large amount of cloudy days. The total precipitation was nearly fifty per cent more than the normal and nearly all of it occurred during well defined storms. All the thunder storms were early in the month. The amount of sunshine was a little less than usual. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. JAMES BOWER Jr. Observer. Massailmt^ttts Agricallarai Coiiefcfc, AiViHERST, MASS, BULLETIN No. 430. OCTOBER, 1924 Meteorolooical Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGIIICULTUIUL EXPEKIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" \V. ffeii^ht of barometer above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instnanents J2 ft. 2'ime used, j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing 30.29, 30th, S A Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.40, ist. o a Reduced maximum reading, 30.60, 30th, 8 A Reduced minimum reading, 29.70, ist,0A Mean semi-daily reduced 30. 21: Monthly range o 90 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 7S.5, 6th, 1:30 p. Lowest 19 5, 31st, 7:30 A Mean hourly 49.J Mean of means of max. and min 51.3 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 42.1 Monthly range 59.0 Highest mean daily 63.4, 6th Lowest mean daily 40.4, 22nd Mean maximum 66.4 Mean minimum 36.3 Mean daily range 30.1 Greatest daily range 43.5, 23d, 24th Least daily range 14.0, Sth Hamidity. Mean dew point 37,6 Mean force of vapor 330 Mean relative humidity 72.9 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 01 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell \ Wind. Total movement 3643ni Greatest daily movement 255m, 16th Least daily movement 36m, 27th Mean daily movement iiSm Mean hourly velocity 4.8m Maximum pressure per square foot, 7.5 lbs=" 39m per hour, 20th, 2 P., N.W. Maximum velocity for ; minutes, 21m per hour, 20th, I p., N.W. Prevailing direction. West. Summary. North Northeast 22 per cent South Southwest 13 " " South 10 " " Soufhwest 10 " " Northwest 10 " " Other directions 35 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 18 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the -Sun Thermometer . . u6 liours = 34 per cent. Number of clear days 11 Number of fair days 17 Number of cloudy days 3 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 225 = 66 per cent. Rain. 7th, iSth. Frosts. 13th, 14th, ISth, 16th, iSth, 20th, 23d, 24th, 27th, 30th, 31st. Gales, 36m., J2th, N.N.E.; 36m., 17th, N.W.: 36m., 19th, N.; 39m., 20th, N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to (U Sea Level. Temperature Ground Shelter. g >> ^ ^ ^ " c 3 S 1 E 3 'S 2s e 3 S a c 3 g 4> -a P, d c" v'3 c.- 2 Co) 3 3 0(/) 6.^ a ^ i 2 u s ^ i H oj re .-H lU 0 fc, ^« I 29.99 29.70 29.971 63.0 4 p 46.0 12 P 54-5 51.9 44.0 5.6 2 30.22 29.99 30.163 75-0 4 p 42.0 4:30 A 58.5 55-4 46.5 8.6 3 30-37 30.22 30.357 77-5 4:30 p 370 7 A 57-3 55-4 47-5 9.8 4 30.50 3037 30.436 72.5 3P 380 7 A 55-3 54-3 47-0 8-5 5 30-37 30.26 303-4 75.0 3:30 P 45-0 3 A 60.0 57-3 53-0 6.2 6 30.20 30.05 30.194 7«-5 1:30 p 55-0 5 A 667 63.4 55-5 6.5 7 30.24 30.16 30.204 66.5 12 M 44.0 6:30 A 55-3 54 -« 50-5 3-5 8 30.33 30.15 30.291 57.0 II A 43.0 12 P 50 0 50.0 44.0 1.8 9 30-34 30.26 30.311 65.0 3:30 P 37.5 6 A 51.3 51.2 45.5 8.7 lO 30.29 30.23 30.26S 71.0 3P 47 0 2:30 A 590 56.5 48.0 6.3 ti 30.27 30.11 30.169 78.0 2:30 p 44.0 6:30 A 61.0 60.0 52.5 9-3 12 30.15 30 00 30.0S8 66.5 1:30 P 43.0 4A 547 52.7 46.3 5.6 13 30.25 30.15 30.245 580 2 y 30.0 5 A 44.0 43-7 38.0 100 14 30.38 30.23 30.316 66.0 4 P 28.0 7 A 45.0 43-1 38.7 8.9 15 30.31 30. iS 30.266 69.5 3:30 P 3'.5 7A 50.5 486 40.0 76 16 30.22 30.02 30.122 66.0 3:30 P 34.0 7 A 50.0 48.8 44-0 5.8 17 30.24 30.03 30.190 62.0 1:30 P 38.0 7:30 A 50.0 48 0 3S0 5-7 18 3024 29.90 30 092 58.0 3:30 P 25.0 7:30 A 41.5 44 3 37.0 4-6 19 30.01 29.«7 29.960 635 2:30 P 44 5 7:30 A 54.0 5'.« 42.3 93 20 29.90 29.77 29.«53 55-0 1:30 P 31 0 7A 430 41.7 330 80 21 3009 29.8S 29.969 50.5 •3P 320 2:30 A 41 3 41.2 36.0 2-3 22 30.26 30.09 30.212 54.0 1:30 p 36.0 7:30 A 45.0 40.4 33-0 6.4 23 30.30 30.21 30.278 64.0 3P 20.5 7 A 41-7 4". I 33-5 8.2 24 30.37 30.27 30355 715 4 P 28.0 7 A 497 47.5 37.0 9-2 25 30.41 30.23 30.322 740 3:30 P 32 0 7:30 A 530 49-9 40.5 8.3 26 30.24 30.14 30206 72.0 3P 40.5 0 A 56.2 54.1 45.0 9.1 27 30.23 30.01 30.130 75-5 3:30 P 32.5 7 A 54-0 51.2 41.0 8.7 28 30.02 29.94 29.989 74-5 3P 34.0 7 A 54.2 52-3 43 5 6.7 29 30.31 29.98 30.219 69.0 3-- 30 P 40,0 12 P 54-5 51-9 41.5 8.5 30 30 60 30.31 30.560 57.0 2:30 p 29.0 6:30 A 43-0 41.9 32.5 9.4 3' 30.60 30.32 30.477 56.0 3 P 19.5 7:30 A 37-7 41.3 31.0 9.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. Precipitation. £ Total in Q 0 a > ■-3 il V ■r, 5.2 5 1) rt H 3 U- 0) c si Indies. # "0 " 0 0) «; 3 > 4) V 1- 0 0^ S u :- ::: 0 c -5 c c i 0 Q So, IS all. SoiX £5 HS.S Sia! SE H m W 3i (/) , 3S.5 •345 665 w. 253 3-5 26 12 M 2 43-0 •37' 770 s. 92 0.0 — 3 62.5 •370 81.0 s. 39 0.0 — 4 45.0 •364 84^5 s.s.w. 64 0.0 — 5 51s •454 88.5 s. 79 0.0 — 6 530 494 83.0 w.s.w. 107 I.O 14 4 V 7 47-5 •405 81.5 N.W. 11 0.0 — 4 P 8 p .01 8 40.0 329 75-5 N.N.E. '57 3-5 26 I F 9 41.5 352 73-5 N.N.E. 242 4-5 30 3 I' lO 43 -o 405 69 0 N.N.E. 238 3-5 26 9A II 49.0 465 745 N.N.E. 107 1.0 14 I V 12 31-5 3«3 66.0 N.N.E. 168 6.5 36 2 ? '3 31.0 268 6,.5 N.N.E. 150 4.0 28 9 1^ 14 35-5 255 82.5 N. 46 0.0 — '5 350 298 70.5 N.N.E. 53 0.0 — i6 41.0 326 82.5 S.S.E. 48 0.0 — 17 310 272 62.0 N.N.W. 255 6.5 36 9 A 18 30.0 284 63^5 S.S.W. 66 1.0 14 2 P 2:30 p T '9 33-0 348 54.0 N.W. 140 6.5 36 4 A 20 26.S 222 65.0 W.N.W. 41 7-5 39 2 V 21 29.5 250 63.5 N.W. 175 4-5 2,0 I p 22 27.0 218 69.0 N. 156 2.5 22 4 I' 23 28.0 223 69.5 s.w. 150 0.0 — 24 31.0 266 67.5 W.N.W. 192 0.0 — 25 38.0 283 82.0 S.W. 54 0.0 — 26 360 400 54.0 S.W. 124 4.5 30 12 M 27 36.0 3'8 70.S S.S.W. 36 0.0 — 28 37-5 328 72.5 N.N.E. 43 0.0 — -9 37-5 296 74 5 E.N.E. 106 0.0 — 30 24-5 43S 60.5 S.E. 67 0.0 — 31 26.0 211 72.5 S.S.W. 118 3-5 26 2 P 'Rain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in foUovvinK day. REMARKS The weather during the month was exceptionally pleasant at one of the most agreeable periods of the year. For the first time since 1836, when the weather records were started in Amherst, a full calendar month has passed with practically no precipitation. A few monthly records at times have fallen below one-half inch but this is the first month that has been virtually rainless. The amount of sunshine was naturally very large and only three da3's were cloudy. There were numerous frosty mornings and after the middle of the month, thin ice was formed a few times in very shallow water. The mean barometer was extremely high and the range of of pressure considerably less than usual. Fluctuations in pressure were generally rather slow. The wind direction was more varied than usual and the total movement rather small. Only a few gales were registered and those were of little intensity. The mean temperature was practically normal and the maxi- mum and minimum records were near the average values. The mean dewpoint was nearly four degrees lower than the normal and the relative humidity was correspondingly low. The percentage of observed cloudness was much less than the value given by the sunshine recorder, owing to especially clear evenings. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. JAMES BOWER Jr. Observer. BULLETIN No. 43 1. .F.S I", WI/\:do. NOVEMBER. 1924 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS ACKICULTUIUL EXrElllMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48,5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. fleight of barometer above ground, ji ft. Above sea level, 27J.5 ft. Height oj Wind Instruments 1^2 ft. Time used, IphMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Prpssuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing 30.27, gth, 9 A. Minimum reduced to freezing, 2S.90, .23rd 5 a. Reduced maximum reading, 30.58, gth, 9 A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.23, 23d, 5 A. Mean semi-daily reduced 30060 Montlily range 1.38 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 750, ist 2:30 p., 7th. 3 p. Lowest 4 5, 19th, 7:30 A. Mean liourly 40.5 Mean of means of max. and min 40.5 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 33 S Monthly range 70.5 Highest mean daily . . . . ' 59.7, 7th Lowest mean daily 19.2, 17th Mean maximum 51.5 Mean minimum 29.5 Mean daily range 22.0 Greatest daily range 36.5, iith,;igth Least daily range 6.5,24th Wind, Total movement 4779m Greatest daily movement 494m, 17th Least daily movement 3om,ioth Mean daily movement 159m Mean hourly velocity 6.6ni Maximum pressure per square foot, 15.0 lbs = 55m per hour, 17th, i A., N.N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per hour, 17th, I A., N.N.W. Prevailing direction. West Southwest. Summary. South Southwest 27 per cent North Northwest 13 " " South 10 " " Othei directions So " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 44 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . , 163 hours = 55 per cent. Number of clear days 6 Number of fair days ii Number of cloudy days 13 Hnmidity. Mean dew point 28.1 Mean force of vapor 238 Mean relative hnmidity 70 9Kain. 12th, 14th. 15th, 22d, 23d, 24th, 30th Snow. 9th, 15th, 17th, 24th, 29th. Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 135 = 45 per cent. Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 2.57 Total snow, in inches 9.0 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 5 Days of sleighing 2 Frosts before the 16th, 5th, loth, nth, 13th, 15th. Gales. 39m., 2d, N.N.W.; 44m.. 3d, N.N.W.; 37m., 8th, N.; 36m, 14th, W.N.W.; 45ni-. j6th, N.W.: 55m., 17th, N.N.W.: 40m., 22d, S.E. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Tem perature Ground Shelter. 0 ^ c °'-i E 3 E ■>< nl S E '5 >> 2E E £ 6 E 3 £ '5 £ id's 3 3 a- <-• Q S S ^^ S H s H 2^i ij S 3 o- D 3 (5 0 > > ■3 S 3 E 3 J3 S2S 2 = 0(/3 E 'S c'2 s E S s 0 s s i =' get; Q S S ^c/5 IS H S H (L> at -n a; 0 I, S.cn> ^m I 30.09 29.80 29977 35 -o 1:30 A 70 7:30 A 21.0 19.8 12.5 6.1 2 30.26 30.09 30.246 37-0 3--30 P 7-0 2 A 22.0 27.2 22.5 7.6 3 30.23 30.05 30.121 37-0 12 p 24.0 7A 30.5 31-3 28.5 0.0 4 3043 3008 30.282 37-5 3P 30 0 7 A 33-7 30.6 22.7 7.8 S 30.46 29.92 30.314 30.0 2 p I.O 6 a 15-5 '7-0 12.5 1.6 6 30.08 29.73 29-9'3 45.0 I p 30.0 0 A 37-5 37-8 34-5 1.2 7 30.12 30.07 30 "3 450 3 P 37-0 3 A 41.0 392 3^J3 0.3 8 30.12 29.62 29.928 39.0 0:30 p 32.0 7:30 A 35 5 36.6 35-3 00 9 29.92 29.62 29.722 580 10:30 A 35-0 0 A 46,5 45 S 42.0 6.8 lO 30.27 29.92 30.176 39-0 0 A 31 0 8a 350 32.9 26.0 60 II 30.29 30. '4 30.222 340 3P 12 0 6A 230 234 21.7 6.6 12 30.14 29.74 29.930 27.0 12 M 13-5 2:30 A 20.3 21.4 19.5 1.4 «3 29.74 29.19 29.271 390 7 P 24.5 0 A 3'-7 32.2 32.7 0.3 14 29.71 29-33 29.512 33-0 0 A 18.0 II P 25-5 24.0 193 6.7 '5 30.22 29.71 30077 26.0 2:30 P 13.0 6:30 A 19-5 20.5 18.5 7-1 16 30.40 30.13 30329 29.0 12 P I 1.5 7:30 A 20.3 20.3 17.7 0.2 17 30.19 29.90 30.06S 44-5 6:30 P 250 5:30 A 34-7 34.7 330 0.4 18 30-35 30.19 30332 32.0 4:30 P 2S.O 8 A 30.0 31.5 26.0 0.0 19 3023 29.88 29.999 37-0 II P 320 0 A 34-5 32.9 32.3 0.0 20 30.38 30.00 30.239 340 0 A 17.0 12 P 25-5 24.8 195 7.0 21 30.55 3038 30.552 17.0 0 A -1.0 7 A 8.0 60 0.5 «3 22 30-51 30.33 30.422 20.0 3 P -I.O 6 A 9-5 103 7.0 0.8 23 3038 30.2 t 30.306 26.0 12 P 5-0 7 A 15-5 174 13.3 3-5 24 30.21 29.70 29.842 35-0 3:30 P 26.0 0 A 305 31-7 30.5 0.0 25 30.35 29.80 30.058 33-0 0 A 16.0 12 P ^4,5 24.2 19.3 4.8 26 30-59 30.35 30.518 27.0 3 P 8.5 7:30 A 177 17.2 '?-5 8.2 27 30.37 30.06 30.202 36.0 2:30 p 14.5 4A 35-3 23.8 18.7 5-6 28 30.50 30.28 30.479 18.5 3--30 P 5-0 8:30 A II. 7 1 1 2 6.7 7-7 2q 30.54 30.22 30.439 23.0 4 P 40 7A 135 15.4 12.0 44 30 30.22 30.08 30.155 41.0 2:30 p 20.5 7:30 A 30-7 29.7 24.7 4.6 31 30.54 30.13 30.399 35 -o 1:30 p I I.O 12 V 23-0 25.7 20.5 5-1 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. cuQ o o^ HS.S r- <» c '- 3 u rt ^ "- 3 C 3 O- « S ■- SE Precipitation. Total in Inches. 1 7-.S .085 75-5 2 15.0 .i3(> 64 0 3 25.0 .172 80.0 4 14.5 145 b2.o 5 14.0 .085 76.5 6 32.5 .216 890 7 34-5 .223 89.5 8 35-0 .208 97 5 9 37-0 .310 72-5 lO .8.5 .162 63 0 1 1 145 •i'3 76.0 12 ,6.5 •i'5 83.0 '3 31.0 .198 91 0 14 15.0 .114 79-5 '5 16.0 .108 85.0 i6 15-5 .106 88.5 '7 29.0 .208 79-5 \H 18.5 .164 63.0 <9 31-5 .184 97-5 20 7-5 .127 55-5 2t -4 5 .048 76.0 22 -(^•5 .078 47 5 23 2.5 .095 SS.O 24 28.0 .17b 89-5 2S 13.0 .118 70.0 26 -9-5 .088 35-0 27 9.0 .121 S6.S 28 0.0 .064 71-5 29 6.5 .087 76.0 30 20.0 •150 75-5 31 19.0 .116 90-5 N.N.W. 92 N.N.W. 172 W. 128 N.W. 251 N.N.E. 40 S. 87 S. 7« N.W. 36 W. 291 N.W. .357 N. 74 s.s.w. 22 w.s.w. 64 W.N.W. 418 W.N.W. 3SI N.N.E. 50 w. 60 S.S.E. 86 N. 30 N.W. 333 N.W. 291 S.S.W. lOI S. 97 S.S.W. 109 N.W. 164 S.W. IS4 W. 216 W.N.W. 163 S.S.W. 86 S.S.W. 96 N-N.E. 100 4.0 2-5 2.0 5.0 0.0 3-0 0.0 0-5 9-5 6.0 0.0 0.0 60 lO.O 9.0 0.0 1-5 0.0 1 0.0 I i.o 8.5 1.0 0.0 1.0 5-0 2.0 3-0 0-5 0.5 0.0 4.0 28 I P 22 10 A 20 10 P 32 I P 5:30 p 12 P 24 12 M 0 A 5 A 10 9P 1:30 P 12 P 44 9P 0 A I A 35 0 A — 9 A 12 P 35 6p 0 A 10 A 45 5 i^ II A 8 1' 42 3 P 17 7 P 7 P 10 A — 7 P 12 P 45 10 p 0 A 8 y 47 12 P 41 I A 14 2 P 9:30 A 12 M — 9:30 P 12 P 14 3 A 0 A 3 P 32 12 M 20 3 P 24 II P 10 I P 10 8p 28 6p ■35 .06 .80 .02 .02 •17 .03 .02 T .07 .48 •*Kain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. Annual Summary for 1924. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 3o-44i Jan. and, 9 A. Minimum reduced to freezing ■ 28.88. Dec. i3tn, 7 p. Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level, 30/7. Jan. 2nd, 9 A. Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level 29.19, Dec. 13th, 7 p. Mean semi-daily reduced to freezing and sea-level, 30.010 Annual range, ''5° *Air Temperature. In degrees Fahr. Highest, .97.0, Aug. 7th, 1:00 P. Lowest -8.0, Jan. 27th, 6:00 A. Jan. 28th, 6:00 A. Mean hourly, 46-6 Mean of means of max. and min., 46.7 Mean sensible (wet bulb), 4i-o Annual range, 105.0 Highest mean daily 78.8, Aug. 7th. Lowest mean daily, -0.3. Jan. 27th. Mean maximum, 57-8 Mean minimum, 33-7 Mean daily range, 22.1 Greatest daily range, . . • 43o. Oct. 23rd., 24th. Least daily range 3-". Feb. 5th. Humidity. Mean dew point 3^-4 Mean force of vapor 362 Mean relative humidity, 73-9 AVind. Prevailing direction West Summary. North 10 per cent North Northeast 9 " " South 9 " South Southwest 19" Northwest 9 " " Other directions, 41 " Total movement 53.855 "i Greatest daily movement 553m.,Mar.i2th Least daily movement, .... 22 m., Dec. 12th Mean daily movement, 147 m Mean hourly velocity, 6.1 m Maximum pressure per square foot, 23.5 lbs.,= 69 m. per hour, Apr. 14th. 3 p., N. \\'. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 42 m. per hour, July 13th, 1 p., S.W. Temperature in ground shelter. Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 30.96 Snow total in inches, .... 45.0 Numter of days on which .01 or more rain or melted snow fell, 9& Weatlier. Mean cloudiness observed, 41 per cent. Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom- eter, .' 1637 hrs.=37 per cent. Number of clear days, 141 Number of fair days, I45 Number of cloudy days, 80 Bright Sunsliiiie- Number of hours recorded, 283S hrs.=63 per cent Dates of Frosts, Last, May 2d First Sept. 24th Dates of Snow. Last April Sth First, Nov. 9th Total days of sleighing, 54 Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour. Jan. ist, 5Sm, N.W.; nth, 67m, S.S.E.; 21st, 63m, N.W.; 26th, 56m, N.VV. Mar. nth, 57m, N.E.; 12th, 63m, N.N.E.; 28th, 59m, W.N.W. Apr. 14th. 69m, N.W.; 51m, 24th, N.N.W. May iSth, 52m, S. July 13th, 56m, S.W. Nov. 17th, 55m, N.N.W. JAMES BOWER Jr. Ohseri'er. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. Ai.n wiAb^. BULLETIN No. 433. JANUARY. 1925 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGIIICULTUIUL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J2 ft. Time used, 'j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing Minimum reduced to freezing Reduced niaxinuim reading. Reduced minimum reading 30.43, ist, 8 A. 28.88, 30th 4 A. 30.76. ist, 8 A. 29.19, 3otli,8 A. Mean semi-daily reduced 30.204 Monthly range 1.57 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 41.5, 8th, II A. Lowest -13.0, 29th 4 .\. Mean hourly 20.9 Mean of means of max. and min 21. i Mean sensible (wet bulb) 17.7 Monthly range 54.5 Highest mean daily 37.0, 8th Lowest mean daily o.i, 24th Mean maximum 30.5 Mean minimum ri.8 Mean daily range 18.7 Greatest daily range 38.0,29th Least daily range 8,0, 6th, 30th Humidity. Mean dew point 13.8 Mean force of vapor 144 Mean relative humidity 81.5 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3.42 Total snow, in inches 22.0 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 8 Days of sli'ighing 20 Wind. Total movement 5688m Greatest daily movement 406m, 23d Least daily movement 24m,i6th Mean daily movement i83ni Mean hourly velocity 7.6m Maximum pressure per sciuare foot, 14.0 lbs = 52m per hour, 22d, 8 r., N.N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 27m per hour, 22d, 10 P., N.N.W. Prevailing direction, N.N.W. Summary. North Northeast 23 per cent North 19 '■ " North Northwest 16 " " Northwest 10 " " West Northwest 10 " " Other directions 22" " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 51 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 173 hours = 58 per cent. Number of clear days 6 Number of fair days 9 Number of cloudy days 16 Briiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 124 = 42 per cent. Rain. 3d, 13th. i6th, 27th, Snow. 2d, 3d, 4th, 6th, 12th, 13th, i6th, i8th, 20th, 27th, 29th, 30th. Gales. 47m, 13th, 10 P., N.W.; 4oni, 14th. 9 P. N.: 52m, 22d, 8 P., N.N.W.: 39111. 23d, 2-30 A.. N.N.W.; 39ni., 27th, 5 p.. N.N.E.; 47m, 28th, 4 A., N.N.E.; 46m, 30th, 12 M., N.W. DAILY SUMMARY, Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Tern perature Ground Shelter. ^ s OS Q £ e s 3 s is is E B s S S H •T3 1 is (u 0 2 V 3 otn 0 6« I 30.76 30.51 30.757 20.0 3--30 P I.O 8a 10.5 10.4 5-3 7-1 2 30.72 30.34 30.578 20.0 12 p lO.O 7 A 15.0 15-7 14.0 0.0 3 30.34 29.86 30.153 29.0 II p 20.0 0 a 24.5 25.7 25-5 0 0 4 29.S9 29.76 29.836 40.0 4P 27.5 0 A 33-7 32.0 29.0 3-5 S 30-13 29.89 30.085 36.5 3 r 27-5 12 P 32-0 32-7 28.5 3-2 6 30.21 30.09 30.184 29.0 12 p 21.0 9A 25.0 26.2 25.0 0.2 7 30.27 29.85 30.151 36.5 4 P 20.0 3A 28.2 30.2 26.5 5-9 8 29.97 30.30 29.75 29.97 29.897 30.228 41.5 34.0 1 1 A 3P 30.0 20.0 12 P 12 P 35-7 37 -o 30.5 22.0 6.C 9 27.0 28.7 8.0 10 30.33 30.00 30.176 28.0 6p 9-5 7:30 A 18.7 22.2 17.5 5-4 II 30.29 30.00 30.141 25.0 II A 1 1.0 7:30 A 18.5 20.9 18.0 1.0 12 30.39 30.05 30.332 20 0 12 P 6.5 0 A 13.2 14.7 13-7 0.0 '3 30.05 2965 29.730 37.0 5P 20.0 0 A 285 27.8 27-5 1.0 '4 30.32 29.92 30.157 28.0 12 M 11.5 12 P 197 21.5 17-5 66 »5 30.63 30.32 30.618 26.0 2 P 3-5 7:30 A i4-7_ 14.9 9-7 8.3 i6 30.60 29.93 30.262 24.0 12 P 4.0 3 A 14.0 14.3 14.2 O.I 17 30.03 29.89 29.990 41.0 IP 21.0 12 P 31.0 31-6 27.7 6.7 i8 30.36 30.02 30.241 26.0 3:30 P 9.5 8 A 177 17.0 13.0 6-7 19 30.62 30.36 30.583 26.0 3-3^ P 2.0 8 A 14.0 10. 1 5-5 7-5 20 30.51 29.77 30.087 26.0 2:30 p 50 7A 15-5 15.0 14.0 0.0 2( 30.34 29.96 30.261 36.5 2:30 p li.O 4 A 23-7 22.9 19.0 8.7 22 30.15 29.65 29.921 39-0 6 P 18.0 0 A 2S.5 29.5 25.0 2.8 23 30.58 29.8S 30.411 23.0 0 A -8.0 12 P 7-5 1-7 -2.7 8.8 24 30.61 30.12 30.352 20.0 12 P -1 1.0 5 A 45 0.1 2-5 3-3 25 30.28 30.09 30.208 380 4:30 P 20.0 0 A 29.0 28.7 26.3 00 26 30.26 29.91 30.040 41.0 9 I' 25.0 3 A 330 34-4 33-0 0.0 27 304.? 29-93 30.270 40.0 3 A 6.0 12 A 23.0 174 10.7 0.0 28 30.67 3042 30.622 18.0 5 I' -80 7:30 A 50 2.1 -5-3 9-1 29 30.66 29-47 30.283 25.0 12 p -13.0 4A 6.0 5-0 6.7 0 2 30 29.96 29 19 29 677 30.0 12 p 22.0 0 A -26.cr 270 23.3 5-7 31 30.19 29.87 30.089 39-0 2:30 p 230 8a 31.0 32.4 25.7 8.2 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Sfe «> u s Wind. a,Q HS.S 3 jjrt c 3 a- nl a> I. 2a, a. 0) 3 Precipitation. Total in Indies. I 0.0 .063 76.0 2 lO.O .044 83.0 3 24.0 ■143 94-5 4 26.0 .172 84.5 s 24.0 .174 76.S 6 23.0 .141 88.0 7 21.0 .161 72.0 8 23-5 .200 62.5 9 16.0 • 134 69.5 CO 13.0 .112 75-5 II 155 .105 85.0 12 8.0 .086 95 5 '3 25.0 ..58 86.5 14 14.0 .103 85.0 •.5 6.5 .072 840 i6 12.0 .092 85.S '7 25-5 .iSb 93-0 i8 lO.O .086 860 19 4-5 055 85.0 20 90 .08S 95 5 21 16.0 .110 86.0 22 20.5 •'44 77.0 23 -8.0 .040 74-5 24 -55 .060 04 0 25 21.5 •155 77-5 26 29.5 .203 82 ^ 27 8.5 .076 90.0 28 -lO.O ■037 77-5 29 8.0 .069 95-5 30 18.0 •137 73-0 3' 19.0 ■163 66.5 N.N.E. 272 N.N.E. 197 N.N.E. 160 s.s.w. 106 W.N.W. 226 N.N.E. 87 S. iS8 w. -51 W.N.W. 374 W. 37 N.N.E. 166 N. 190 N.N.W. 198 N.W. 317 N. IS2 N.N.W. 24 N.N.W. 116 N. 120 N. 102 N. 190 N.W. 121 N.N.W. 240 N.N.W. 406 s.w. 72 s.s.w. 102 S: 8s! N.N.E. 286 N.N.E. 295 'N. 64 N.W. 3 S3 W.N.W. 221 3-5 i.o I.O 2.0 2-5 0-5 3-5 3-0 30 0.0 4.0 1.0 1 1.0 8.0 1.0 0.0 2-5 0.5 0.0 4.0 25 14.0 7-5 2.0 1.0 0.0 7-5 1 1.0 2.5 o-S 5-5 26 14 14 20 22 10 26 24 24 28 14 47 40 14 22 10 I A 8 P 3 A 10 P 6 A 3 P 3 P 9 P 3 P II A 6 A 10 P 9 P 12 M I ( A 7 P 4:.30 P 6 A 8 P 2:30 A 9 P 3 P 5 P 4 A II P 12 M 8 P I p S A 7:30 A 12 M 6:30 A O A 1:30 P 8A 4 A 7 A 8a O A 8 P 4:30 P 5 P 8 1 8 P 8:05 A 5 P 12 P 3 A .09 T .20 .68 •13 .80 T 4 T T :< 4 4i T •*Kain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The month had genuine winter weather throughout with the temperature above freezing but little of the time. The ground was practically free from snow the first third of the month. After that there was good sleighing for the remain- der of the month, and very little thawing occurred. Much cloudiness occurred and the wind movement was large. The last decade of the month was particularly cold. The records of the several elements show the following as the pronounced features : The mean barometer was exceptionally high and the range practically normal. Nearly the total range for the month occurred however during a period of 28 hours from midnight of the 28th to four a. m. of the 30th. This drop in pressure was fairly steady for the period. The par- tial recovery in pressure was less rapid. The wind was mostly from near the north and several gales were registered. The mean hourly temperature was nearly four degrees be- low the normal and the maximum temperature was about ten degrees lower than usual, making a very low record for this feature. The minimum temperature was six degrees lower than normal for this feature. The mean hourly temperature on the 24th was practically zero. The mean dew point was rather low and the relative humidity high for this time of year. The total precipitation was practically normal and the snowfall very large. More than one half the days were cloudy, a rather unusual re- cord. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. JAMES BOWER Jr. Observer. BULLETIN No. 434. FEBRUARY, 1925 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTUIUL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of hiifoineter above ground, 51 ft. Aboi'e sea level, 2jj.j ft. Height of Wind Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, "j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.12, 3rd, 8 a. Minimum reduced to freezing, 28.91, 26th i p. Reduced maximum reading, 30.44, 3rd, 8 p. Reduced mininuim reading, 29.22, 26th, i p, Mean semi-daily reduced 30.058 Monthly range 1.22 Air Teiuperniure. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 57.0, 22d, 4.30 p. Lowest 4.0, 5th S-30 A. Mean hourly 31. S Mean of means of max. and min 32.1 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 28.4 Monthly range 53.0 Highest mean daily 46.0, 22d Lowest mean daily , . . . 14.0, 27th Mean maximum 41. i Mean minimum 23.1 Mean daily range 18.0 Greatest daily range 35.0, 5th Least daily range 7.5, 27th Humidity. Mean dew jioint 25.2 Mean force of vapor 17S Mean relative humidity 82. S Wind. Total movement 4281m Greatest daily movement 682m, 27th Least daily movement iSm, 8th Mean daily movement 'SSm Mean hourly velocity 6.3ni Maximum pressure per square foot. 14.0 lbs = 53m per hour, 26th, 8 p., W.N.W. 27th, I p., W.N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per hour, 27th, I p., W.N.W. Prevailing direction, W.S.W. Summary. .South 14 per cent .South Southwest 14" " West II " " North Northwest 11 " Other directions 50 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 45 per cent Total cloudiness recorded Ijy the Sun Thermometer . . 155 hours = 52 percent. Number of clear days 6 Number of fair days u Number of cloudy days i( Precipitation. In inches. Brijiht Sunshine. Total precipitation, in inches 3.64' Number hours recorded, 141 =48 per cent. Total snow, in inches 3' itain, 2d, loth. nth, 12th, 15th, 17th, 23d, 26th. Number of days on which .01 inch or more I , ., ^.j^ rain fell . . . Days of sleighin;j ri Gales. 53ni> 26th, W.N.W'.: 53m. 27th. I W.N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. «-< <"> S2 c 3 3 I 30.31 29.84 30.137 44.0 I P 27.0 12 P 35-5 37-3 32.5 6.8 2 30.32 30.00 30.144 27.0 7P 19.0 10 A 23.0 23.3 21.5 00 3 30.44 30.18 30423 28.0 4P 8.5 8 A 18.2 17.0 II. 5 8.2 4 30.35 30.12 30.241 29.0 5:30 P 12.5 jA 20.7 19.0 14.7 3.6 5 30.12 30.09 29.80 29.82 29933 30.037 390 485 3P 4P 4.0 29 0 8:30 A 2:30 A 2\S 22.7 16.2 31.0 7.3 6 3«-7 38.4 9-5 7 30.16 30.09 30.131 50.0 3:30? 22.0 9A 36.0 35-9 32.0 6.8 8 30.25 30.19 30.230 52.5 4 P 240 9A 38.2 36.5 33-5 7.2 9 30.26 30.19 30.234 46 0 9:30 P 230 9A 34.5 34.8 32.0 4.1 10 30.21 30.07 30.191 45-0 4:3c P 350 6:30 A 40.0 39.0 39-7 0.0 II 30.07 29.60 29.847 48.0 12 P 350 4 A 41.5 40.3 40.5 2.7 12 29 60 29.27 29 400 50 0 2 A 29.0 12 P 39-5 398 35-2 0.0 '3 29.S3 29.47 29-725 35.5 3P 22.5 8:30 A 29 0 30.0 25.2 6.2 14 30.12 29.S3 30074 42.0 3:30 P 26.0 7A 340 32.3 28.0 8.8 15 30.11 29.89 30.026 42.0 I P 31.0 0 A 36.5 35.8 35-5 0.4 16 30.21 30.09 30.208 4S.0 4:30 P 26 0 7:30 A 37.5 342 29.5 9.0 17 30.15 2991 30.018 39-0 6 P 26 0 12 P 325 31.9 30.5 0 0 18 30-43 30.14 30-396 31.0 3P 18.0 8 A 245 24 0 19.0 9-3 19 20 •50 41 30.15 30.13 30.287 39.0 3 P 13.0 7:30 A 26.0 27.6 235 8.1 0 ^ 30.30 30.225 51.0 4P 250 7:30 A 380 36.1 29.0 ^i 21 30.34 30.00 30.174 46.5 3P 22.0 7 A 34-2 36.0 33.0 4.6 22 30.24 30.01 30.209 57.0 4:30 P 36.0 7:30 A 46.5 46.0 36.5 8.5 23 30-^1 29.61 29.792 46.0 9P 330 9 A 39.5 38.7 40.0 0.0 24 30.00 29.61 29893 51.0 5-.30 P 350 12 P 43 0 4f-5 40.7 3.0 25 30.02 29-73 29.904 40.0 5P 30.0 6a 35.0 34.6 32.0 0.0 26 29.73 29.22 29.421 34.0 2:30 p 16.0 12 p 25.0 29.0 26.3 08 27 30.16 29.67 29973 18.5 3 P II.O 7:30 A 14.7 14 0 12.0 8.6 28 30.40 30.16 30361 24.0 3:30 p 90 6 A 16.5 15 7 15.0 8.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. • P recipita tion. t^ Total in 0 a > c , # }s Q ^'5 So, 5.° SU4 »> (u a Ml ~ 0 S V OQ •73 a W 'ci 0 s I 27.5 .208 73-0 N.N.W. 342 30 24 I P 2 18.5 .121 87.0 N. 96 I.O 14 10 P 6 A 8 P •13 1 3 6.0 .081 74.0 N.N.E. 262 4.0 28 I A 4 lO.O 093 750 N.N.W. 127 2.0 20 I P 5 12.0 .III 78.0 W. 53 0.0 — 6 26.0 .197 73-5 N.N.W. 124 2.0 20 4 A 7 29.0 .208 82.5 S.S.E. 71 0.0 — 8 30.0 .208 83-5 S.S.VV. 18 0.0 — 9 32.0 .191 lOO.O W.S.W. 36 1.0 14 3 P lO 39-5 .244 lOO.O s. 59 0.0 — 5:30 A 12 P .13 II 40 s .256 1 00.0 W.S.W. 40 0.0 — 0 A 12 p .41 12 34-5 .215 95 5 s.s.w. •45 2-5 22 II p OA 8 p 1.26 i 13 19.5 •153 73-0 w. 292 3-5 26 3 P 14 22.0 .172 70.5 s.w. 228 2.0 20 6 a 15 33-5 .220 87.0 E.S.E. 109 0.0 2 M 6 p ■47 i6 25.0 .183 75-5 S: 36 0.0 '7 27.0 .183 82.0 S.w. 86 3-0 24 9P 10 A 8 P •.30 iS '35 .116 725 W. 138 1.0 14 0 A <9 19.S .147 78.0 S.S.W. 157 4.0 28 2 P 20 24.5 .178 765 S.S.W. 76 0.0 21 31.0 .210 86.5 S. 138 40 28 12 M 22 32.0 .248 72.0 E. 188 1-5 17 6p 23 40.0 .252 lOO.O S. 74 0-5 10 7 P 12 M 8 P .22 24 38.5 .272 860 N.E. 119 40 28 8 P 25 29.5 .192 85.5 N.E. 70 0 0 — 26 23.0 .152 84.0 N. 214 14.0 53 8 P 6a 6p ■72 2:( 27 8.5 .082 82.0 W.N.W. 682 14.0 53 I P 28 12.0 .092 86.0 W.N.W. 296 4-5 30 2 A 'Kain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The most noticeable feature of the weather for the month was the comparatively high temperature. Following a comparative- ly cold January the contrast was especially marked. More than one-half the days averaged above freezing and the large amount of snow on the ground at the beginning of the month had nearly all disappeared by the middle of the month. The mildness con- tinued until nearly the last of the month when the temperature suddenly dropped and the coldest part of the month was record- ed. The recovery in pressure after the very low dip in the barom- eter on the 26th, gave one of the largest daily wind movements ever recorded at this station. In many respects the month had typical March weather. The mean barometer was nearly normal and the range less than usual, owing to a low maximum for the month. The total wind movement was considerably less than the normal and there were no gales until near the end of the month when the large daily movement, referred to above, occurred. The wind direc- tion was more variable than usual although the greatest amount was from the southwest quadrant. The mean temperature was nearly eight degrees higher than the normal and about eleven degrees higher than that of the preceding month. The maximum temperature was about six degrees above the normal and the minimum twelve degrees higher than usual. The total precipitation was about ten per cent more than nor- mal and nearly all of it was rain. Owing to some very heavy fog the mean dew point and relative humidity were both very high. The percentage of cloudiness was high notwithstanding the high temperature. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. JAMES BOWER Jr. Observer. MassachiiM amher: - Oollege, T. MASS. BULLETIN No. 435. MARCH. 1925 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGIIICULTUIIAL EXPEKIMENT STATION. L;Uitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of ham meter above ground, 5/' /?. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Iiistnitnents J2 ft. lime used, y^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.33, i6th, 8 A. Minimum reduced to freezing, 2^.13, 2Sth 9 A. Reduced maximum reading, 30 64, 16th, 8 A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.42, 28th, 9 A. Mean semi-daily reduced 30.070 Monthly range 1.22 Air Temperaiure. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 74.0, 26th, 5.30 p. Lowest 70, 3d, 7-30 A. Mean hourly 38.S Mean of means of max. and niin 391 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 34.3 Monthly range 67.0 Highest mean daily 54.7, 27th Lowest mean daily 15.5, 27th Mean maximum 49.6 Mean minimum 28.6 Mean daily range 21.0 Greatest daily range 46.5, 26th Least daily range 9.0, 30th Hamidity. Mean dew point 30.3 Mean force of vapor 230 Mean relative humidity 78.4 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 4.12 Total snow, in inches i Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell i; Days of sleighing None Wind. Total movement 498201 Greatest daily movement 328m, 15th Least daily movement 42m, i8th Mean daily movement T6im Mean hourly velocity 6.7m Maximum pressure per square foot, 9.0 lbs = 42)n per hour, 21st, 2 P., S. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per hour, 2ist, 2 p., S. Prevailing direction, W., S.W. Summary. .South 23 per cent -South Southwest 16 " " Northwest 13 " " North 10 " " North Northeast 10 " " Other directions 28 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 48 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 179 hours = 48 percent. Number of clear days 10 Number of fair days 9 Number of cloudy days 12 Bright Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 191 = 52 per cent. Rnin. ist, ;th,6th. loth. nth, 12th, 13th, 14th, 17th, 19th, 25th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th. Snow, ISt. Gales, 40m, loth, S. S.W. ; 3Sm, 15th, N.W.; 42m, 2ist, S.;36m. 27th. S.; 35m. 2Stli, S. DAILY SUMMARY, Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. a) 0:5 S S s s '5 S 3 E E 3 S 'c v E T3 fl) C 3 3 Ot/) 6 M Q s is 2 V i H i H 4) 0 t. S^^ 03 I 30.40 29.51 29.911 37-0 4:3c P no 7 -.30 A 24 0 26.9 22.5 2.9 2 2993 29.50 29.807 36.S 4:30 A II. 0 12 P 23-7 25-3 20.7 90 3 30.16 29.91 30.095 28.0 4:30 P 7.0 7 -.30 A 17-5 15-5 13-5 9-7 4 30.16 30.04 30.082 43-5 3P 19.0 0 A 31.2 3'-3 27.7 7-3 5 30.25 30.10 30.200 39-0 3P 28.5 7 A 33-7 33-7 32.0 0.0 6 30.12 3004 30.106 570 5P 340 0 A 45^ 41.4 34-7 85 7 30.21 30.12 30.171 550 4:30 P 28.0 7:30 A 41.5 41.0 34-3 98 8 30.14 29.89 29997 50.0 4--30 P 29.0 5A 39-5 39-5 35-7 4-5 9 30.27 30.00 30.226 490 5P 300 0 A 39 5 39-9 32.7 10.7 lO 30.28 29.97 30.164 47-5 2:30 p 26.0 3:30 A 36.7 37-2 34-7 4-3 II 30.01 29-87 29.899 60.5 5P 41 0 0 A 50.7 49-5 45-5 44 12 30-34 29.98 30.221 450 4P 34-0 7:30 A 39J. 37.5 31-7 10.8 '3 3047 30.22 30391 51.0 2 p 23.0 6:30 A 37-0 37-7 33-3 6.8 '4 30.22 29.60 29.776 51-0 10 p 34-0 7 A 42 5 40.5 41.0 0.0 '5 30-50 29.80 30 280 38.0 4-.30 p 2S.0 7:30 A 330 31.6 27.0 10.3 i6 30.64 30.50 30.588 450 3:30 p 18.0 7A 31-5 31-5 28.0 10.2 '7 30.50 30.11 30.282 3«-5 10 p 28.5 3A 33-5 33 4 34-0 0 0 i8 30.19 30.11 30.161 590 4:30 p 31-5 4A 45-3 43-8 39-7 8.7 19 30.12 29.75 29.944 49.0 7P 39-0 7:30 A 44_o^ 43-5 40.3 0 0 20 30.35 30.01 30.246 51-0 4P 33-5 7A 42.3 41. 1 33-0 9.2 21 3041 30.18 30.303 57 -o 2:30 P 24.0 6:30 A 405 41-3 34-0 lO.O 22 30.23 30.14 30.192 52.0 I P 32.0 12 P 42.0 41.5 31-7 96 23 30.37 30.22 30-329 480 4P 27.0 6 a 37-5 36.7 30.0 1 1.2 24 3044 30.22 30.346 51.0 4P 21.0 6:30 A 36.0 35-5 31-7 S.o 25 30.22 2999 30.053 55-0 5P 34 -o 3 A 44 5 41.0 37 -o 5-7 26 30.02 29.84 29943 74.0 5--30 P 27.5 6 A 50.7 49.S 42.3 10 4 27 29.85 29.54 29687 71.0 2 p 35-0 7 A 53^ 54-7 45-7 7.0 28 29.58 2942 29.506 60.5 8a 42.0 12 P 51-3 53-0 50.7 00 29 29-77 2955 29.688 46.0 1:30 p 36.0 12 P 41.0 40.6 37-5 0.0 30 29.81 29-74 29.790 45-0 7 P 36.0 0 A 40.5 42.8 41.7 0 0 3' 29.86 29.68 29794 50.5 2:30 P 39-0 7 A 44-7 44.2 40.5 1.8 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipitation. £ Total in Q 3. > u i> (/I 4* § (U rt S i- 3 e 3 □■ a. c bi Indies. i. Si «> J; 3 £5 3>i rt s ■- 4; c c •5 c B ti 0 B I 22.5 •153 83.0 s. 104 30 24 It A I p 9 P 1-33 I. z 16.0 .125 78.0 N.VV. 274 6.5 36 6 A 3 lO.O .091 82.5 N.W. 238 4.0 28 I A 4 24-5 .168 81.0 S.S.W. 238 3-5 26 2 P S 29.5 .185 92.5 N. 107 0-5 10 9 V 4 P 12 P •36 6 3'-5 .215 84.0 N.N.E. .78 1-5 17 10 A 0 A 4 A .04 7 28.5 •233 69.0 N.E. 99 1-5 17 II A 8 330 .230 830 S.S.W. 55 0.5 10 I P 9 25.0 .222 62.5 N.N.E 214 50 32 10 A lO 32.0 .223 83.0 S.S.W. 184 8.0 40 I P 6:30 A 9P .01 1 1 415 •349 76.5 w. 159 2.0 20 3 P 9:30 P 12 P •35 12 26.5 .200 72.0 N.N.W. 23' 4-5 30 8 p 0 A 2 A .07 13 2S.5 .214 750 s. no 2-5 22 9P 8 P 12 P .07 14 41.0 •273 98.0 s. •35 5-5 33 10 p 0 A 8 p •59 15 22.0 .163 73-0 N.W. 328 7.0 38 I A 16 24.5 .168 78.S s. 135 3-5 26 6p '7 33-0 .202 95 0 N.W. 77 0.0 — ii:30A 12 p •24 18 37-0 .222 825 W. 42 0.0 — '9 33-5 .282 77 5 S.E. 91 2-5 22 7P 6 a 4 P •54 20 24.0 .226 60 c N.N.W. 231 5-5 33 2 p 21 29.5 .236 75-5 S.S.W. 162 9.0 42 2 p 22 22.0 .218 57 5 N. 219 3-0 24 8 A 23 20.3 ,198 58.5 N. 226 4-5 30 I p 24 260 .205 695 S.S.W. 86 2.0 20 10 p 25 340 .242 82.0 S.W. 141 2-5 22 4 A 8a 10 A .22 26 375 .328 73-5 S. 63 0 0 — — 27 42.5 •364 790 s. 192 65 36 2 P 4:30P 12 P .02 28 49.0 .411 860 s. 246 6.0 35 10 A 0 A 8 p .08 29 37-5 •233 96.0 E. 1 12 30 24 4 P 4 P 12 P .12 30 405 ■274 92.0 N.E. 69 00 — — 0 a 12 P .08 31 36.0 .287 74.0 N.N.E. 236 50 32 5 P 'Kain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The abnormally high temperature which characterized Feb- ruary was prevalent to a considerable degree during March, and in many respects most of the month was like early April. After the first few days of the month the ground was free from snow and the frost began to leave the ground. By the end of the month practically all of the frost was out. The wind move- ment was low for the time of year and only a few gales were registered. The month closed with the season's advance fully two weeks ahead of normal in many respects. The mean barometer was slighty higher than the normal and the range of pressure rather small for March. There were however several rather rapid changes in pressure. The mean hourly temperature was nearly five degrees higher than the March normal and the maximum temperature was more than ten degrees higher than the average for this feature, making a very large range for the month. The range of temperature on the 26th was nearly as large as some of the ranges for a whole month. The mean dew point was more than four degrees higher than the normal and the relative humidity comparatively high. The total precipitation was slighty more than the average amount for March and practically all of it occurred as rain. It was well distributed throughout the month. The wind was rather variable in direction although the amount from the southwest quadrant was most pronounced. The percentage of sunshine was about the average value. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. JAMES BOWER Jr. Observer. \RY OF THE Aariciiltural College, AMHERSl , MASS. BULLETIN No. 436. APRIL. 1925 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGllICULTUllAL EXPEUIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, 31 ft. Above sea level, 27 j.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft. lime used, y^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressiir In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.23, 21st, 10 a Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.27, ist, 12 m. Reduced maximum reading, 30.53, 21st, 10 A Reduced minimum reading, 29.57, ist, 12 m Mean semi-daily reduced 30031 Monthly range 0.96 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 82.0, 26th, 3 p Lowest 25.5, 2ist, 6 A. Mean hourly 48.0 Mean of means of max. and min 47.5 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 43.^ Monthly range 56.5 Highest mean daily 67.0, 26th Lowest mean daily 33.6, 20th Mean maximum 59. Mean minimum 35.5 Mean daily range 240 Greatest daily range 42.5, 22d I^east daily range 4.5, 30th Humidity. Mean dew point 39.8 Mean force of vapor 33 Mean relative humidity 78. Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3.10 Total snow, in inches Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell Winil. Total movement 526Sm Greatest daily movement 284m, 14th Least daily movement 74m. 2d Mean daily movement 176m Mean hourly velocity 7.3ni Maximum pressure per square foot, 11. o lbs = 47in per hour, 27th, 3 p., N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 2Sm per hour, 27th, 3 p., N W. Prevailing direction. Northwest. Summary. North 20 per cent North Northeast 13 '" " South 13 " " West 13 " " Northeast 10 " " Southwest 10 " " Other directions 21 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 34 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 162 hours = 40 per cent. Number of clear days 9 Number of fair days 15 Number of cloudy days 6 Briiibt Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 240 = 60 per cent. Kain. loth. 13th, 14th, 15th, igtli. 20th. 25th, 30th. Snow, 15th, 19th, 20th. Frosts after the 15th. 17th, 21st, 22d. Gales, 35m, 9th, N.; 40m, 15th, N.W.: 37m, 17th, S.; 47m, 27th, N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to V Sea Level. Temperature Ground Shelter. S 3 ■>< 6 c E .3 £ 3 S 'c E sis- 3 3 Ot/J 6 Sf a s S 2 u S !-' i H oj 0 u Sc?^^ I 29.70 ^ 29.57 29634 48.0 3P 320 6:30 A 40.0 42.4 387 5-3 2 29.99 29.70 29.932 60.0 3P 32.0 6:30 A 46^ 45-9 38.5 7.0 3 30.01 29.89 29959 60.0 2:3c p 31.0 6a 45-5 46.5 41.2 7-3 4 30.04 29.94 30.013 59.0 1:30 P 30.5 6:30 A 44-7 46.2 41.0 7-3 5 30.28 30.04 30.251 48.0 4P 29 0 6:30 A 38.5 39-3 33-2 12.0 6 3043 30.27 30.360 610 5-.30 P 280 5:30 A 44-5 43-8 38.7 12.0 7 30-31 29-93 30.122 655 4P 27-5 7 A 46.5 51. 1 40.0 10.9 8 30 2 1 29.92 30.062 54-0 4P 360 7A 45.0 46.3 40.5 11.9 9 30-25 29.94 30.118 660 4P 27.0 7 A 46.5 46.6 40.7 II.O lO 29.94 29.69 29.745 53-0 II A 42.0 2 A 47-5 47.3 46.3 0-5 (I 29.80 29.70 29.791 65.0 3"-3o P 370 7 A 51-0 50.9 46.0 II. I 12 29.95 29.66 29848 56 0 4P 40.0 6:30 A 48.0 47-6 42-7 10.4 '3 30.22 2968 30.136 52.0 6p 32.0 6a 24.0 41.0 38.0 9.2 '4 30-25 3004 30 177 56.0 1:30 P 34-0 3A 450 45-3 44.2 6.1 '5 30.04 29.67 29.918 74.0 2:30 p 43.0 12 P 585 54.8 48.0 5.6 [6 30.24 30 02 30.177 530 3P 325 6:30 A 42.7 43-3 36.5 90 '7 30-23 29.98 30.113 590 2:30 p 29 0 6:30 A 440 45-5 43-0 5-9 r8 30.06 29.96 30024 64.5 4P 380 6 A 51.2 51-9 45-5 10.5 19 30.12 29.80 29.952 45.0 0 A 340 12 P 39-5 37-4 36.3 0 0 20 30.41 29.84 30-163 3«-5 5P 29.0 12 P 337 jj-*^ 3'-5 3-5 2( 30.53 3036 30.456 5^-5 5:30 p 25-5 6a 42.0 42-3 40.7 12.4 22 30-36 30 01 30.175 70.5 5:30 p 280 6:30 A 49.2 49-9 42.7 12.0 23 30.0c 29.80 29.893 770 1:30 p 41 5 6:30 A 592 61.2 55-5 7-5 24 30.26 30.00 30-145 63.0 2 p 480 6:30 A 55 5 56.1 5'-5 4-5 25 30 2 2 29-95 30.093 63.0 12 M 41.0 6 A 52.0 52.2 490 8.5 26 29.9S 29.81 29.885 82.0 3P 53-0 7 A 67.5 67.0 62.5 10 0 27 30.06 29-77 29 900 68.5 1:30 p 50.0 6 A 59 3 60.1 54-0 I I.O 28 30.08 30.01 30.072 64.0 5 P 380 6 A 51.0 53 I 50.7 7-7 29 30.09 30.04 30078 56-0 3P 36-5 6 a 46.3 47.8 45.7 9.5 30 30.04 29.61 29.740 445 7:30 p 40.0 7:30 A 42.3 43-1 41-3 0 0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Su, rtiS C (U 4) 3 Wind. a,a g J, rt •p; 5^x; nj 0) V. Precipitation. Total in Indies. I 33-5 272 7fS 2 33-0 273 695 .1 36.5 3'9 71.0 4 38.0 278 8[.o 5 26.0 23' 61.5 6 29.0 304 55-0 7 35-5 294 71.0 8 340 30 ' 64.5 9 3^-5 291 74-5 lO 45.0 328 gr.o ( 1 41 5 371 71.0 12 3^-5 325 71.0 '3 34-0 258 81.0 14 43-0 304 90.5 i.S 47.0 350 92s i6 31.0 253 68.5 '7 3^-5 308 79-3 .8 42.0 34« 86.5 '9 36.0 218 95-5 20 30.0 182 92 c 21 36.5- 285 78.0 22 38.0 33« 70.0 ^1 S3-0 502 82.0 24 48.0 442 77.0 -'S 480 362 92.0 26 59.0 666 77.0 27 5;.o 496 780 28 47-5 423 790 29 420 35I' 77-5 30 41.0 262 98.0 W. 173 30 24 10 A N.E. 74 00 — — N. 7.S 0..S 10 4 P N. 116 3.0 24 I P N.N.E. 244 4.S 30 II A N.N.E. 145 3-5 26 8 A S. 172 50 32 4 P N. 221 6.0 3S II A S.W. 167 40 28 6I' w. 146 3-0 24 1 A 1:30 P 12 P •29 s w. 132 4.S 30 10 F N.N.E. 246 4.0 28 8 A N. I. SO °-5 10 9 A 3 A 8 a •37 S. 284 5.0 32 9 A 4 P 5 P 1 S.W. 2.S9 8.0 40 3 P 0 A 10 A 54 W.N. W. 216 SO 32 4 I' S.S.W. 243 7.0 37 6 P W. i6( 4.0 28 3 P N.E. 146 2.0 20 8 P 8a 12 P i-iS N.N.E. 270 5-5 ^^ 5 ■■ 0 A 4 P .10 N. 119 2-5 22 X I' S. 174 25 22 4 P W. 174 2-5 22 I 1' W.N.W. 117 1-5 17 7 1- s. 233 5-0 31 3 P 5:30 P 6:30 P •13 w.s.w. 96 2.0 20 5 P N.W. 264 II 0 47 3 P N. 126 I.O 14 10 A E. IS6 2.0 20 12 M N.E. 169 2-5 22 6 A 6a 12 P .46 •*Kain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The season's progress which was so marked when the month opened was not maintained during the month. The slowing up was not due to any special feature but was quite marked and the month closed with Spring conditions about normal. There were no unusual features of importance and departures from normals were general small. Perhaps the large amount of wind from the northwest quadrant had considerable influence. The records of the several weather elements show the fol- lowing as the more important features : The mean barometer was slightly higher than usual and the range of pressure rather small. This was due to a minimum considerably higher than the normal for this feature. The mean temperature was less than two degrees above the normal, while both the maximum and minimum records were rather high. The mean hourly temperature on the 26th was that of midsummer. The range of temperature on the 22 d was unusually large. The mean dew point and relative humidity were both very high for this time of year. The total precipitation was slightly more than the normal and occurred in a comparatively few storms of moderate intens- ity. The first third of the month was practically without rain. The total wind movement was a little less than usual and there were but few gales. The amount of sunshine was considerably more than usual. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. JAMES BOWER Jr. Observer. inc LIBRAHY ur v^nssachnsetts AericuUural Co\leU' AMHERST, MASS. BULLETIN No. 437. MAY, 1925 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Lalitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W. Ht'ii^ht of ha >-o meter abcwe ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, j^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressiite. 1» inches. Maxiimiui reduced to freezing:, 30.04, i6th,SA. Minimuni reduced to freezinfj;, 29.16, 2jd. 6 p. Reduced maximum reading, 30.34 16th, S A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.45, 23d, 6 p. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.935 Monthly range o S9 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest So.o, 2ist. 1:30 p. Lowest . . .' 30.5, 26th 6 A. Mean hourly 54.6 Mean of means of max. and min 54 0 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 50.1 Monthly range 49.5 Highest mean daily 62.S, 17th Lowest mean daily 4.44, 25th Mean maximum 66.6 Mean minimum 41.5 Mean daily range 25.1 Greatest daily range 37.0, 27th Least daily range 8.0, 24th Humidity. Mean dew point 46.7 Mean force of vapor 418 Mean relative humidity 79.3 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 2.55 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 12 Wind. Total movement 4005m Greatest daily movement 280m, 17th Least daily movement 40m, 28th Mean daily movement 129m Mean hourly velocity 5.2m Maximum pressure per square foot, 6.0 lbs = 35ni per hour, 21st, 5 p., N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per hour, 2ist, 3 p., W. Prevailing direction. West Southwest. Summary. South 19 per cent South Southwest 16 " Southwest 13 " North 13 " West 10 " Other directions 29 " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 54 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . .211 hours = 47 per cent. Number of clear days 5 Number of fair days 16 Number of cloudy days 10 Itriiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 242 = 53 per cent. Rain. 1st, 2d, 4th. 6th, nth. 14th, 15th, 17th, 2ist, 23d, 24th, 25th, 29th, 30th, 31st. Frosts. Sth, 19th, 26th. Thunder and Liiihtninii 17th, 24tii 3otii Gales, 35m, 21st, N.W.; DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to (V Sea Level. Ten) perature . Ground Shelter. S E s 3 s "S 2e S 3 a s S 3 s V B i 'i c ? r n! 2 cu S2S 0(/} 6 ^ Q S s 5 D ■s. H 5 H 0) aJ.« HOC s^^ ^S I 2968 29.61 29.666 58.0 1:3c P 390 5 A 48.5 46.2 43-3 I.O 2 2976 29.63 29.69S 56.0 ir.30 A 40.0 6a 48.0 47-5 42.5 31 3 29.82 29-75 29 810 63-5 2:30]' 37-0 6 a 50-3 52.0 47 5 67 4 29. So 29.56 29.677 690 4:30 F 46.0 6:30 A 57-5 57-2 51.0 3-5 S 29.89 29.56 29.736 61.5 3P 46 0 12 P 53-7 54.8 49-5 7-1 6 30-05 29.89 30.004 590 3P 360 6 a 47-5 49.2 48.0 2.2 7 30-03 29.92 30.012 590 3'' 38.0 6a 48.5 48.1 42.5 5-6 8 30.01 29.91 29953 56.0 3>^ 320 1; a 44-0 45.6 42.0 97 9 30.12 30.01 30.090 660 4P 33 5 5:30 A 49-7 49-4 45-5 9-9 10 30.19 30.07 30-135 68.0 1:30 P 39-0 5A 53-5 56.8 533 98 ti 30-07 29,95 29.978 63-5 12 M 5' 0 12 P 57.2 57-4 550 0.0 12 30-12 29.93 30-035 69 0 5P 44-0 6a 56-5 55 9 49-7 12.3 •3 29.99 29. S6 29.930 76.0 4P 37-0 6a 56.5 59-1 52-5 12. 1 '4 30.03 2983 29.924 74.0 2 p 47.0 6:30 A 60.5 60.0 '53-5 8.6 '5 30.26 3003 50.104 64.0 2:30 P 46 0 5 A 550 53-1 49-7 4-3 i6 30.34 30 06 30.217 74 0 4:30 P 43-0 3A 58-5 5«-4 54-3 10. 0 '7 30 06 29.69 29.818 74.0 1 1:30 A 540 12 P 64 0 62.8 58.7 xo 0 i8 30.06 29.90 30025 66.5 4 P 42.0 5:30 A 54-2 55-4 46.5 10.6 19 30.06 29.98 30036 70.0 5P 36.0 5--30 A 530 56.0 49-7 124 20 3009 2993 30.019 78.0 2 P 43-5 6 a 60.7 61.6 53-3 12.6 2[ 29.9S 2959 29.765 80.0 1:30 p 44-5 6a 62.2 61.8 51-3 1 1.0 22 3005 29.70 29862 71.0 4P 42.0 6 a 565 588 52-3 II. 2 23 29.7s 2945 29527 70 0 0:30 P 470 12 p 585 59-2 55-3 66 24 29.71 29.59 29.662 50.0 3P 42 0 6 a 460 45-5 42-5 2.2 25 29.95 29.68 29.840 54-0 4:30 P 38.5 3 A 46.2 44 4 42.5 4-5 26 30.12 29.95 30 oSo 66.0 3P 30-5 6 a 482 49-9 45-7 11.9 27 30.20 30.12 30-195 70.0 3P 35-0 6 A 525 54.0 51-3 12.8 28 30.27 30.13 30.226 74-0 5P 370 5:30 A 55-5 570 52.7 96 29 30.19 30.04 30.133 60.0 12 M 47-5 6 A 53-7 54-7 52.7 3-4 30 3004 29.86 29911 720 5P 5'-0 6 a 615 59-5 58.3 82 31 29.94 29.78 29.872 72.0 2 p 41.5 5:30 A 56.7 60.7 59-3 95 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipitation. \^ Total in 5 Q 0 a > ^ 2 c . Hie 2 (I) rt S 3 S- E bi: Inches. <" 0 Z V - 0 lu u 3 1) k. 0 o-* [TJ 0) 1- 01 3 ^ 0 i> c s ^ c c 0 a Sa, ; atij S2i = ia H2.5 sio! sk H m W I 42.0 293 90.0 s. 162 5-5 33 4 H 10 A 12 P .1 I 2 38.5 310 755 s.w. 106 30 24 4 P 8a 8 P T 3 43-5 376 780 s.s.w. 161 2.5 22 6p 4 485 414 84.5 s. 212 5-5 33 12 M 6:30 A 12 M .01 5 46.0 402 78.0 N.W. '95 3-0 24 3 1^ 6 46.0 374 80.5 S.S.W. 141 2.0 20 3 P 8 A 8 P T 7 37-5 317 71-5 W.N.VV. 143 30 24 6 p 8 3«-5 298 81.0 S.W. 186 50 32 3 P 9 430 336 83.0 S.S.W. 127 2-5 22 10 A lO 39-5 467 77.0 s s.w. 112 3-0 24 12 M 1 1 53 5 452 92.5 s. 146 2.0 20 6 A 0 A 6 P .41 12 44 G 448 66.0 w. 97 1.0 14 3 P 13 57-5 496 67.0 s. «5 I.O >4 5 P 14 51.0 456 82.S N.E. 130 15 17 2 p 4 P 12 p •3> '5 48.0 3«i 905 E.N.E. 82 0.0 — 0 A 8 p •03 i6 515 475 83.0 S.S.W. 97 35 26 II p '7 55-5 566 78.0 W. 280 5-0 32 2 p 2 A 4 A .40 i8 395 405 60.5 N.N.W. ^n i.f 17 12 M '9 42.0 470 58.0 N. 78 2 0 20 2 P 20 47-5 526 63.C S y^i 4.0 28 4 P 21 44.0 499 590 W. 189 6.0 35 5 P 3 P 3:30 P T 22 47-5 466 7'-5 W.N.W. 119 35 26 8 I- 23 54-5 468 92.5 N W. 184 4.0 28 12 M 3 A 12 P •25 24 40.5 285 890 N. 144 0-5 10 2 A 8 A 12 I- •53 25 41-5 282 92.5 N.N.E 134 1-5 17 10 A 8 A 12 P .04 26 40.5 362 705 N. 81 30 24 3 A 27 48.0 426 790 N. 84 2 0 20 4 P 28 51.0 432 90 0 S. 40 0.0 — — 29 50-5 442 «4-5 S.W. 70 0.0 — — 1 1:30 A 8p .21 30 57 5 508 970 E.N.E. 46 2.0 20 9 P 0 A 10 p •'9 3' 5^.5 534 92.5 S.W. 50 0.0 " 8 P 10 p .06 •* Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in followinsr day. REMARKS The weather during May was disappointing in general and the prospect of an early season disappeared. Considera- ble cloudiness and low temperature, especially during the last part of the month, caused this unfavorable condition. The wind was rather persistantly from the Southwest quadrant and the total movement was rather small. On the 26th freezing temperature was registered and some damage was done. The damage, however, was small owing largely to the foggy condition of the air in the early morning of that day. A comparison of the records of the several weather elements with their respective normals shows the following features : The mean barometer was rather low and the range of pressure practically normal. Changes in pressure were generally small and rather slow, and there was very little high wind. Only a few thunderstorms were noted and they were of moderate intensity. The mean temperature was three degrees lower than the normal, and the range small for the month. Nearly one-third of the days had a mean hourly temperature below 50 degrees. The last week was especially cool. The mean dew point was nearly normal while the relative humidity was high. The total precipitation was about two-thirds of the normal and it occurred during frequent small storms. The observed cloudiness was practically normal. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. JAMES BOWER Jr. Observer. LIBH^KY Of iHt MassachiisHis Auricultiiral College, AMHERST, MASS. BULLETIN No. 438. JUNE. 1925 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPEllIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W. Hei_^ht of barometer above ground, 31 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instrutnents 72 ft. Tiine used, J^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressiiie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.03, 13th, 8 A. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.28, iSth, 2 p. Reduced maximum reading, 30.32, 13th, S A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.56, iSth,2P. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.95S Montlilv range 0.74 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 97.0, -th, 4 p. Lowest 42.0, i2th, 5:30 A: 24th 6 a. Mean hourly 6q.6 Mean of means of max. and min 69.2 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 63.3 Monthly range 55.0 Highest mean daily 86. i, 6th Lowest mean daily 53-8, 25th Mean maximum 81.4 Mean minimum 57- 1 Mean daily range 24.3 Greatest daily range 38. 5, 17th Least daily range 5.0, 25th Humidity. Mean dew point 60.6 Mean force of vapor 709 Mean relative humidity 78.1 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 4.28 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 13 Wind. Total movement 4072.™ Greatest daily movement 255ni, nth Least daily movement 59m, 8th Mean daily movement i36ni Mean hourly velocity 5.7m Maximum pressure per square foot, 13.0 lbs = 51 m per hour, ist, 5 p., N.N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per hour, ist, 5 p., N.N.W. Prevailing direction, Southwest. Summary. South Southwest 27 per cent South 17 " " North 10 " " Southwest JO " " West Northwest 10 " " Other directions 26 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed , ... 53 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the .Sun Thermometer . .160 hours = 35 per cent Number of clear days 13 Number of fair days 12 Number of cloudy days 5 Briiiht Sunshine. Numloer hours recorded, 297 = 65 per cent. Rain. 1st, 2d, gth, loth, 14th, 15th. i6th, iSth, 2ist, 23d, 24th, 25th, 28th, 2gth, 30th. iHail. 21st. iThnnder and Liiihtninii, ist, 9t)i, 15th, i8th, 21st, 27th, 2Sth, 29tli. Gales. 51m, 1st, N.N.W.; 35m, 5th, N.W.; I 39m, 16th, N. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Tein perature Ground Shelter. 0 ^ c °:5 E 3 3 S 3 £ 3 S2£ 3 3 S s d"? s OJ S oi Ort ^03 X-H (4 >< a c Ss c4 s 'c B 2d« S 3 «■ ?^ 0 rt ge o5 o" ^ Q ^ s 5 0) ;s H i H ssS OJ 0 tH ^^.^ ^S I 29.96 29.71 29.844 84.0 5P 61.0 6.\ 72-5 70-3 64-5 8.6 2 30.11 29.96 30.017 83-5 6:30 p 59.0 4A 71.2 70.2 68.7 7.2 3 3005 29.99 30.022 93-5 5:30? 63-5 6 a 78.5 79-3 72.5 130 4 30.03 29.96 30.004 930 4P 69.0 6 A 81.0 80.3 76.2 13-3 5 30.06 29.92 29999 93-0 5 P 705 5:30 A 81.7 84.2 75.0 13-4 6 29.92 29.80 29.862 940 3P 73-5 6a 837 86 I 76.7 14.2 7 30.01 29.78 29 862 97.0 4P 61 0 12 p 79.0 77-7 68.5 3-5 8 29.99 29.91 29-957 81.5 4P 55-5 5:30 a 68,5 66.1 62.7 0 0 9 2993 29.82 29.890 80.5 3P 57-0 5 A 68.7 67.7 63.2 8.0 10 29.87 29.71 29.839 85.0 2:30 P 59.0 12 P 72.0 70.3 62.0 80 II 3022 29.S8 30.094 74.0 5P 52.0 5:30 A 63.0 62.7 53-5 85 12 30-31 30.22 30.275 76.5 4P 42.0 5:30 A 592 63.6 57-2 14.2 '3 30-32 30.21 29275 76.5 3:30 P 490 6 A 62.7 66.1 59-5 ^Z-Z M 30.21 30.07 30130 815 2:30 P 60 5 3 A 71.0 70.8 68.5 8.0 IS 30.09 29.71 29.949 90.0 2:30 P 62.0 6a 76.0 74-9 69 0 9.8 i6 29.99 2957 29.712 75-5 10:30 A 550 12 p 65-3 68.4 59-7 107 '7 30.06 29.87 29.9S0 81.0 4:30 P 42.5 1; A 61.7 64-5 57-3 130 i8 29.87 29.56 29.627 85-5 3P 60 0 3A 72.7 71-8 64-3 10.2 19 2985 29.68 29.8IS 87.5 4P 58.0 5:30 A 72 7 71.9 69-5 133 20 29.96 29.75 29.881 83-5 3P 540 5A 68.7 69.5 64-3 ii.6 2 1 29.81 29.71 29790 S0.5 4P 54.5 5 A 67-5 68.0 61.7 12.2 22 29.80 2973 29.782 75.0 y.^c P 51.0 5 A 63.0 64.4 55-5 12.6 23 30.04 29.71 29.9 c 6 73-5 4:30 P 56.0 5:30 A 64.7 63.4 58.5 112 24 30-17 30-04 30.151 75-5 4:30 P 420 5:30 A 58.7 61.0 54-7 12.2 25 30.09 2976 29.825 565 5P 51-5 3 A 54-0 53.8 527 0.0 26 30.00 29.78 29.927 79.0 3'-3o P 530 6 A 66.0 66.3 61.3 12.7 27 30.05 29.97 30.022 83.5 2:30 p 59.0 5:30 A 7'-3 72.5 67.3 10 8 z8 30.11 30 02 30.071 76.0 2 P 67 0. 6:30 A 715 72-3 68.7 52 29 30. t8 3001 30 126 77.0 I P 62. D 12 P 695 68.0 65.0 6.0 30 30.12 2999 30094 67.5 12 M 52.0 12 P 597 61.4 52.3 12 I DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind Precipitation. k4 i^ Total in 4) 0 3. >. c . ^ (U D 1- 0 0" 2^3 C 3 CT "■Kir, 0. (/I ^ V 3 — 0 S c c to be c 0 — \ So, Su. ^:^X £5 HS.S si^ ss H m X 1 63-5 .623 96.0 s.w. 160 130 51 5 •" 0 A 6 p •39 .08 2 07.0 .672 90,0 S.S.E. 62 I.O 14 8 p 1:30 A 12 A 3 70.0 .956 75 5 S.S.W. 100 '•5 '7 I A 4 730 i«37 73-0 W. 195 4-5 30 I p 5 72.0 1.126 695 W.N.VV. 117 6.0 35 12 P 6 73-5 1. 219 68.5 N.W. 238 4^5 30 12 M 7 65-5 .888 75-5 S. 70 2.0 20 5 P 8 60.0 .587 80.0 S.S.E. 59 0.0 — 9 61.5 ■634- 87.0 S. 75 0-5 10 5 P 4 P 8 P .15 lO 600 .661 82.0 S.S.W. 154 3-5 26 7 P 3 P T II 49.0 .521 67.0 N. 255 5-0 32 7 A 12 53-0 •579 72.0 S. 94 1.0 14 7 P '3 55-5 .640 68.5 S.S.W. 169 3-0 24 2 P •4 66.5 •755 89.0 S.S.W. 172 4-5 30 4 P 3 P 3:30 P .05 '5 67.5 •773 88.0 s. 86 2.0 20 5 P 4 P 12 p •34 i6 55-0 .627 72.0 w. 223 7-5 39 3 P 0 A 1 1 :3CA .02 '7 52.0 •639 6i.o s.w. 70 1-5 17 4 P i8 61.0 •727 75-5 s.w. 207 5^5 33 6 p 2 A 7 A T 19 59-5 .706 72.0 N. 144 0.0 20 60.5 • 730 75 c S.S.W. 71 2.0 20 6p 21 58.5 .644 78.5 N W. 122 2.0 20 6 p 6p 12 P .46 22 48.5 •594 59-5 N.N.W. 170 30 24 5 P 23 56.0 .566 79.0 N. 108 15 17 4 P 9:30 P 12 p .05 24 50.0 .560 67 0 S S.W. 63 2-5 22 7 P 0 A 1:30 A .06 25 52.5 .405 98.5 N.N.E. 114 0.0 — 6 A 9 P 1.20 26 58.0 .628 790 S. 9' 1.0 14 10 p 27 66.0 •725 89.0 S.S.W. 177 4.0 28 2 1' 28 6S.0 •737 930 s s.w. 219 40 28 3 P 6 A 12 p .18 29 680 .660 9'-5 W.N.W. 104 3-0 24 2 p 10 A 12 p 1.28 30 58.5 .508 97.0 W.N.W. 183 5.0 32 2 P 0 A 3A .02 **Ii(a 2« I 30.12 29.97 30.052 75-5 2:30 P 47-5 5 A 61.5 64.2 59-2 12 0 2 29.97 29.79 29.826 77.0 4:30 P 620 4A 695 67.8 61.2 8.0 3 30.06 29.88 30.010 785 2:30 P 55.0 5:30 A 66.7 67.4 60.5 12.3 4 30.06 29.83 29.996 72.0 6p 540 5 A 63.0 64.6 61.0 3-5 S 30.09 29-93 29.998 87.0 5:30 P 63.0 5A 75.0 73-7 67.7 10.3 6 3015 29.98 30069 89.0 4:30 p 57-5 5:30 A 73 3 75-1 69.7 12.2 7 29.98 29.72 29.857 9I-5 2:30 p 07 5 3 A 79-5 76.4 73-0 7-3 8 30.06 29.87 30.040 82.5 5P 67.0 7:30 A 74-7 73-9 66.5 10.2 9 30.16 30 02 30.101 825 5P 585 6a 70.5 70.9 63-7 12. 1 lO 30.02 29.80 29.871 80.0 6:30 p 62.5 6 A 71-3 70-.2 68.7 59 11 2988 29.83 29849 S6.5 iP 56.5 6a 71-5 75 3 68.0 12.2 (2 29.83 2974 29.762 87.5 2P 67.0 5A 77-3 77-9 71-3 13 I '3 29.89 29.84 29.869 79-5 5 P 56.5 5:30 A 680 69.5 637 '1-9 •4 29.97 29.S8 29.938 84.0 5:30 p 58.0 6 A 71.0 70.1 64-3 12.6 15 30.0c 29.89 29 961 go.o 4:30 p 55-0 5 A 67.5 69.1 63.7 no (6 29.S9 29.64 29-747 81.0 3P 67.0 12 P 74.0 74.0 693 6.8 •7 29.80 29.65 29.712 81.0 3^- 65.0 12 P 73-0 72.0 667 95 (8 29.97 29. So 29.841 73-5 2 p 56.0 5:30 A 64.7 69.5 67.5 I '-3 19 3005 29.97 30.042 82.5 4P 53-0 5P 67.7 69.0 635 12.8 20 30.11 30.05 30.084 86.0 4:30 P 53-5 5:30 A 69.7 71.2 645 130 21 30.08 29 9Q 30.951 71.0 8 A 62 0 4:30 A 66.5 67.0 67-3 08 22 29.99 ^9-79 29.893 73-5 I P 65 0 5 P 69.0 68 6 69.0 0 0 23 30.04 29.90 29 978 75-5 y-3^ p 58.0 6:30 A 667 68.1 61.0 '2.3 24 30.08 30.00 30.05 : 81.0 2:30 p 53-0 5 A 67.0 68 I 63.5 12.7 ^5 3007 2995 30.018 83-5 4P 53 5 6 A 68 5 69.0 65.0 10.2 26 29.95 29.76 29-843 70.0 I P 655 10 p 67.7 67.4 660 0.0 27 2976 29.68 29.708 73-0 I P 62 0 5:30 A 67.5 67.0 64-5 -•7 28 29-75 2968 29.726 83-5 4P 60.5 6 A 70. c 70.4 67.0 I I.I 29 29.84 2973 29795 73-5 2:30 P 55-0 12 P 64.3 64. T 58.7 I I.I 30 30.00 29.84 29972 760 3:30 P 49.0 5:30 A 62.5 63.6 58.5 13.0 31 30.03 29-93 29.982 73-5 12 M 52.0 6a 63-7 63-3 60.5 6c DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Sfe ■K — C •"'" ai 1) 3 Sail Wind. a,Q _ 0) cd i ■- 3 C 3 cr "^ £ ^ SI Precipitiition. Total in Inches. I 55-5 '.640 79-5 2 S^.S .624 80 0 3 50.0 .636 71-5 4 59-5 •594 84.5 S 65.0 .780 8..S 6 67.5 .843 82.0 7 72-5 .81,9 92.0 8 65.0 •734 «3^5 9 60.5 •703 75.0 10 6S.0 ■737 95-0 ( I 64.S .846 72-5 12 67.5 l.OIO 67.S 13 600 .712 740 14 60.5 .720 75.C IS 6..S 660 86.0 i6 680 ■753 91.0 '7 64.5 ■734 84.5 iS 59-5 .650 80.0 '9 bi.o .681 795 20 bi.s .701 77-'. 21 63.5 .710 86.5 22 69.0 .720 97-5 2 3 565 .662 705 24 60 0 .698 75.0 2S 62.0 .714 78.S 26 66.0 .660 950 27 6VS .620 96.0 28 65 0 •741 84.,S 29 550 .598 730 30 S4.0 .610 (^7.5 31 590 .548 94-5 N.W. 13s i-S 17 W. 129 1.0 14 E. \^2 l.C •4 S.S.W. ni 2.0 20 W. 94 0.0 — S.W. 84 i^S 17 S.S.W. IS9 5-5 13 N.N.E. 79 0.0 W.N.VV. IIS 2.0 20 S.S.W. 117 0.0 — S.W. 76 0.0 — N. iSi 2.0 20 N.E. 100 0.0 — N.E. 60 0.0 — S S.W. 102 2.0 20 S.W. 248 4S 30 N.W. 84 0.0 — N.W. 103 I.O 14 N. 57 0.0 — S. 47 00 — S. 118 '■5 17 s. 133 4.0 28 W.N.W. 126 i-S 17 w. US 1.0 14 S.S.W. 50 0.0 s. 112 0.0 — N.N.E. 71 0.0 — S.S.W. 61 4.0 28 N. 129 2-5 22 S.W. II I '■S 17 S.S.W. 63 1-5 '7 12 M 12 M 6 A 12 M 8 P 5 P 7 P 10 .A 3 P 2 P 2 P 5 P 2 p I p I p 9P 12 M 12 M I P 2:30 P 1:30 A 2:30 P O A 7A 6:30 P O A 1 0:3c A O A 10:30 P O A O A 8:30 P O A 4.30 P 6a 8 1 6 a 12 p 2 A 12 P •44 8 P 2.02 12 P •05 12 P •74 8 A 1.30 12 P .14 2 A .01 .04 'Rain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was generally pleasant ex- cept for the several heavy rains which occurred especially the last decade of the month. The tempereture registered above ninety degrees on only a single day, while the minimum temp- erature was below sixty on nearly one-half the days. The last half of the month was rather cool for the time of year. The rainfall was especially large and two storms of more than two inches each were only a few days apart, near the last of the month. The mean barometer was rather low and the range of pres- sure exceptionally small, which accounts for the comparatively small wind movement. There were no gales registered and only one day had a total movement greater than two hundred miles. The mean temperature was slightly less than the normal and the range of temperature less than usual. The maximum and minimum records were both lower than their normals. The mean dew-point was practically normal and the rela- tive humidity was high. The total precipitation was about sixty per cent more than usual and most of it occurred in rather heavy, well defined storms. Much of the wind was from the southwest quadrant. The amount of sunshine was well above the average. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. E. H. WHEELER Acting Observer. Ma^.^ A IV BULLETIN No. 440. ^■olltgS, AUGUST, 1925 Meteorological Observations AT TIIK MASSACHUSETTS AGIIICULTUIUL EXPEllIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" \V. Height^/ barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.j ft. Height oj Wind Itistrutnenis 72 ft. 2'ime used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressiite. In inches. Maxinuim reduced to freezing, 30.12, 29th, 8 a. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.46, ist, 3P- Reduced maxinnim reading, 30.42, 29th, 8 A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.72, ist, 31". Mean semi-daily reduced 30.058 Monthly range 0.70 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 90.5, 18th, 4 P Lowest 39.0, 29th, 630 A. Mean hourly 67.7 Mean of means of max. and min 6S.0 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 62.3 Monthly range 5F.5 Highest mean daily 75.6, loth Lowest mean daily 56.1, 2Sth Mean maximum 80. Mean minimum 55' Mean daily range 24.6 Greatest daily range 39.0, 29th Least daily range 5.5, 6th Humidity. Mean dew point 60.5 Mean force of vapor 639 Mean relative humidity 84.3 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 1.93 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 7 Wind. Total movement 227o.m Greatest daily movement 231m, 27th Least daily movement 24m, 4th, 5th, Mean daily movement 73m Mean hourly velocity 3.0m Maximum pressure per square foot, 6.5 lbs = 36)n per hour, iTth, ii'., N.W. Maximum velocity for ; minutes, i8m per hour, nth, i P., N.W. Prevailing direction. West Southwest. Summary. South 23 per cent North 13 " " South Southwest '3 " " West 13 " " Southwest ID " " Other directions 28 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 37 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . , 149 hours = 35 per cent Number of clear days 14 Number of fair days 12 Number of cloudy days 5 Briiibt Sunsliine. Number hours recorded, 2S0 = 65 per cent. Rain, ist, 4th, 5th, 7th, 9th, loth. 13th, 14th, 19th, 2ist, 26th, Thunder and Liiihtnin^. 7th, 9th, , loth 19th. Gales. .■i6 m. nth. N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to V Sea Level. Tern aerature Ground Shelter. >1 c4 B S e s 5 s 3 E a V s S 3 £ s i =" ?? 5 ri J3 id's S2S 2 ^ 6 ^ Q % s SJi s H s H OJ 0 u. s^^ ^■« I 29.89 29.72 29.787 77-5 3:30 P 61.5 12 P 69.5 66 8 61.5 60 2 30.08 29.89 30.014 82.0 5P 56.0 2:30 A 690 72.5 637 10.6 3 30.19 3008 30.157 85-5 3:30 p 57-0 5:30 A 71-3 71-3 65-3 12. 1 4 30.24 30.19 30.235 87.0 41^ 60.0 5:30 A 73-5 71.2 65.7 10.2 5 30.21 30.11 30.164 72.5 3P 585 6:30 A 65.5 66.3 653 2-3 6 30.11 29.95 30005 68.5 4P 63.0 6A 657 66.1 64-5 0.0 7 29-95 29.86 29.912 80.0 2 p 61 0 12 P 70.5 68.8 64.7 7.8 8 29-93 29.86 29.906 84.5 2:30 p 56.0 5 A 70.3 69.5 65.7 10.2 9 29-93 29.82 29 896 77-5 3:30 p 635 4:30 A 70.5 69.4 68.3 3-8 10 29.87 29.77 29.79S 85.0 1:30 p 68.5 5 A 76.7 75.6 70.5 10.3 II 2990 29.78 29831 79.0 2 p 62.0 6 A 70.S 70 8 64-3 11.5 12 2995 2990 29.924 79-5 2:30 p 54.5 6 A 67.0 67.7 62 3 12.3 '3 29-93 29.84 29.885 63.0 12 M 56.0 6 A 59-5 59 9 59-3 0.0 14 29.94 29. So 29.866 80.0 4:30 P 58.0 0 A 69.0 67.0 64.5 6.7 15 30.12 29.94 20 066 84-0 3P 55-0 6 A 69.5 69-3 65.0 12.2 i6 30.21 30.12 30.194 87.0 4:30 p 58.0 6 A 72.5 71.0 66.0 12.2 '7 3023 30.13 30.188 88.5 3:301^ 56.5 6:30 A 72.5 71.9 64-3 IT. I (8 30.15 30.02 30.073 90.5 4 P 57.5 6:30 A 74.0 72.6 65.7 9.9 '9 30.04 29. 88 29.949 86.0 3--30 P 62.5 6a 74 3 73-7 66.3 8.8 20 29.89 29.76 29-773 80.5 2 p 64.0 6:30 A 72.3 71.8 660 lO.O 2( 30.01 29.78 29.913 66.0 0 A 510 12 P 58.5 58.8 55-0 oS 22 30.27 30.01 30.205 73-0 4P 430 6 A 580 58.2 54.5 12 4 23 30.38 30.27 30.333 80.5 4 P 43.5 6 a 62.0 63.3 58-7 12.0 24 30.41 30.34 30.383 86.5 4:30 P 49-5 6:30 A 6S.0 68 c 62.0 II.4 25 3035 30.16 30.269 88.5 3:30 P 55 5 6 A 720 70.7 63-3 IT.O 26 30.16 29.94 30.013 86.0 3P 58.0 6:30 A 72.0 71.5 657 8.4 27 3024 30.06 30.184 69.0 4P 470 12 P 58.0 59.1 52.0 12.0 x8 30.33 3024 30.313 73-0 4:30 P 39-5 6 A 5^>-3 56.1 50.0 II. 7 29 30.42 30.27 30349 78.0 3:.30 P 390 6:30 A 58-5 59-4 54-3 11.7 30 30.27 30.12 30 199 860 3 f 50.5 6:30 A 68.3 68.2 61.0 II.O 31 30.12 29.94 30.013 86.0 4:30 p 62.0 1:30 A 74.0 72.0 65-5 9.2 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipitation. - £ Total in Q 0 a > 4) m ^ 4> £33- 0. tc Inches. 1. a Si, SJ5 V £3 2 >s ^^1 J 3 s c to -5 c W c .87 0 c I 5Q-S .602 86.0 w. 95 1-5 17 4 P 0 A 8 A 2 61.0 .6S4 79-5 w. 92 0.0 3 63.0 .712 82.0 w. 34 o.c 4 64.5 .676 90.0 w.s.w. 24 0.0 5:30 P 8 P T 5 64.5 •634 97-5 S.S.E. 24 0.0 — II A 12 p .04 6 63-5 .647 90.0 E.S.E. 28 0.0 7 64.0 .629 96.0 W.N.W. 57 0.5 10 5 P 0 A 6 P 05 8 65.0 .679 92-5 S, 27 0.0 — 9 68.5 .706 98.0 s. 53 0.0 — 6:30 A 12 p ■32 lO 69.5 .824 86.0 s.w. 116 2.5 22 2 p 0 A 12 p .19 1 1 60.5 .741 72.5 w. 164 6.5 36 I p 12 60.5 .624 84.0 N.N.W. 89 0.0 — 13 585 •5'4 97 -o N.N.W. 38 0.0 — 8 A 12 P 37 14 63-5 •639 94 c N. 60 0.0 — 3:30 P T •5 635 .664 69.0 N.W. 47 G.O — 16 64 0 .708 85-5 N. 33 0.0 — '7 61.5 .700 80.0 S. 34 0.0 — tS 64.0 .720 85-5 s. 44 0.0 — '9 64.5 •730 83.5 s.s.w. 84 I.O 14 3 P S:3CP T 20 63-5 ■740 80.0 s.w. 128 3 5 26 2 p 21 54-0 .468 88.0 N.N.E. 77 0.0 — 7:30 A 12 M .09 22 52.0 •477 8, .5 N. 95 1-5 17 2 p 23 555 .563 80.0 S.S.W. 38 0.0 — 24 59-5 .620 84.5 s.s.w. 41 0.0 — 25 61.0 .650 85-0 s. 41 0.0 — 26 62.5 •732 80.0 s.w. 114 1.0 14 II p 4 P T 27 47-5 .464 72.0 N.N.E. 231 2.5 22 II A 28 46 0 .422 74.0 N. 81 1-5 17 11 A 29 51.0 .502 765 s. 66 1.0 14 3P 30 56.5 .642 74.0 s. 125 0.5 10 I p 31 64 0 .689 S8.5 s.s.w. 90 0-5 10 2 p •*Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during August was generally pleasant and free from disagreeable features. The precipitation was light and practically all of it occurred before the middle of the month. The last half of the month was marked b}^ a generally high barometer, clear skies and considerable low temperature at night. The total wind movement was unusually small and many days showed no pressure on the wind pressure chart. There was only one gale registered. The wind was largely from the Southwest quadrant. The records of the several weather elements show the fol- lowing features : The mean barometer was high for the time of year and the range of pressure was practically normal. As might be inferred from the wind record the changes in pres- sure were generally slow and small. The period of highest barometer, near the end of the month, was accompanied by low temperature which threatened frost. Traces of frost on low land in this vicinity were reported on the mornings of the 28th and 29th. The mean temperature was practically nomial and the range considerably greater than usual. The temperature went above 90 degrees on only one day. The mean dew point was practically normal while the rela- tive humidity was exceptionally high. The total precipitation was less than one-half the usual amount and most of the storms were light. There were only a few thunder storms. The total wind movement was but little more than two- thirds the normal amount. The amount of sunshine was large and only a few cloudy days occurred. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist E. H. WHEELER Acting Observer. LIBRARY OF THE Massachusetls AirricHltural Collea^;. AMHERST. ftiA:iS. BULLETIN No. 441. SEPTEMBER 1925 Meteorolooical Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGIIICULTUIUL EXrEllIMENT STATION. Liiliiude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" \V. Height of barometer above ground, jr ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments "J 2 ft. Time used, j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maxinuini reduced to freezing, 30.28, 26th, 11 A. Mininuini reduced ti) freezins, 29.35, 21st, i A- Reduced maximum reading, 30.59, 26tli, 11 A. Reduced minimum reading, ?9.64, 21st, i a. .Mean semi-daily reduced 30.045 Mdutlily range o 95 Air Xeiiiperaliire. In Degrees Fahr. Highest S6.0, nth, 4P Lowest 26.0, 26tli, 6:30 A Mean liourly 61.1 Mean of means of max. and min 61.0 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 56.7 Monthly range 60.0 Highest mean daily 75.7, nth Lowest mean daily 45.5i 23d Mean maximum 71-7 Mean minimum 5o-3 Mean daily range 21.4 Greatest daily range 40.0, 26th Least daily range 4.0, i6th Hi «< 2t« s 3 E i E 3 £ V E H s i.s jd 3 3 I 30-03 29.96 30.010 800 3:30 P 53-0 6:30 A 66.5 67.4 61.5 10.8 2 30.06 29.96 30.025 78.0 4P 48. 0 6 A 63.0 637 58-3 10. 1 3 30.00 29.89 29.965 62.5 0:30 P 55.0 6:30 A 58.7 59-5 57-7 04 4 29.89 29.79 29.833 75.0 3P 58.0 6 A 66.5 63.8 60.5 3-2 S 30-03 29.87 29.982 82.0 3P 55 5 6:30 A 68.7 67.4 61.5 96 6 30.12 30.02 30.078 76.0 31' 55.5 6:30 A 65.7 67.1 62.7 7.3 7 30.05 29.91 30.001 63.0 0 A 58.S 8 P 60.7 59-5 59-3 0.0 8 30.03 29.82 29.913 78.5 3 r 54.0 5:30 A 66.2 62.7 56.0 7.6 9 30.15 30.03 30.115 70.0 4-.30 p 42.0 7 A 56.0 57-7 55-3 6.8 (0 30.07 29.92 30.008 84.5 3P 58.0 3 A 71.2 71-7 70.5 7.8 II 30.02 29.9s 30.007 86.0 4P 690 7:30 A 77-5 75.7 73-5 3-8 12 30.02 29.91 29.968 81.0 3P 70.0 12 P 75-5 75.0 71.0 3-3 •3 29.96 29.81 29.886 S5-5 3 P 69 0 I A 77.2 74-9 71-7 42 •4 30.11 29.81 30.014 81 0 3P 62.0 12 P 7'-5 71-3 62.5 8.3 '5 30.16 30.08 30.145 68.0 5 P 56.0 6a 62.0 61. 1 58.0 2.0 i6 30.08 29.95 29.992 58.0 5 P 540 7 A 56.0 56.0 55.5 0.0 '7 30.02 29.96 29.999 67.0 3P 55.0 0 A 61.0 59-4 57-3 2 0 (8 30.00 29.79 29 884 76 0 5 P 505 7 A 63-2 64.2 92.0 8.9 19 30.09 29.80 30040 73.0 5 P 54.0 12 P 635 63.3 55-7 10.4 20 30.08 2965 29.9^3 69.0 I p 44 0 7 A 56.5 60.2 58.0 2.9 21 29.96 29.64 29.748 73-5 12 M 51 0 12 P 62.2 65.5 60.0 98 22 30.18 20.96 30.129 59.0 2 P 360 12 P 47-5 47.3 39-7 74 23 30.19 29.95 30.100 63.0 5 P 290 7 A 46.0 45-5 39-2 8.4 24 29.95 29.71 29.809 72.0 4 P 385 7 A 55-2 55 I 47.0 4.7 ^5 3041 29.90 30.223 59.0 4P 340 12 P 46.5 4S4 38.2 JO. 2 26 30.59 29.85 30529 66.0 4P 26.0 6:30 A 46 0 46.0 38.5 10.5 27 30.49 30.11 30.357 67.0 2 P 41.& 7 A 54.0 58. 0 567 2-5 28 30.16 30.08 30.086 75-5 2 P 58.0 12 P 66.7 66.3 62.5 2.7 29 3033 30.16 30.290 65.0 3P 4r.o 12 P 530 54.3 483 5-3 30 30.41 30.33 30.394 5S.0 3P 34.0 12 P 46.0 45-9 42.3 10. 8 DAILY SUMMARY. Humiditi 1-. Wind. F recipitation. ui Total in Q 0 a. > li 01 in as 4) P. c 'c be Inches. i Q a> (U 3 > i — 0 c H c 'bi '■5 c W c as 0 c I 58.5 5SI 84.5 w. 86 2.5 22 3 I' 2 56.0 545 83-5 S.S.E. 61 1-5 17 3 i' 3 5b.5 493 95-5 N.N.E. 36 0.0 — 3 A 12 P .05 4 60.0 549 94.5 N.N.E. 58 0.0 — 0 A 2 P •54 5 59.0 615 82.5 N.N.E. 118 I.O 14 II A 6 60.0 656 80.5 s s.w. 52 0.0 9 P 12 P •34 7 590 505 lOO.C S.E 88 o.c — 0 A 12 P 1.23 8 53-5 490 860 N.N.E. 96 0-5 10 12 P 0 A 8 A .02 9 530 497 84.5 S.W. 71 1-5 17 6 A lO 68.5 827 86.0 S.S.W. 175 3-5 26 8p II 72.5 87. 930 S.S.W. '03 3-5 26 2 A 12 695 838 865 S.S.W. 185 4.5 30 3P 10 P 12 P C5 '3 71.0 822 930 S. 137 4-5 30 4 I' 9:30 P 12 P .08 14 59.0 691 72.0 N. 153 1.0 14 4 P 0 A 8a .10 '5 57-0 498 90.5 E. 80 0.0 — 5:30 P 12 p .10 i6 54-5 448 97.0 N.N.E. 53 0.0 — 0 A 12 p .48 '7 56.5 478 97.0 N.N.E. 60 0.0 — 0 A 8 P .01 .8 61.0 603 89.5 S. 54 0.0 — •9 51-5 544 715 N.N.E. 167 2-5 22 2 P 20 56.5 539 86.0 S.S.W. 164 4-5 • 30 5 P 21 60 0 565 91.5 N.W. 233 5.0 32 5'' 22 35-0 283 74-5 N. 130 1-5 17 3 >' 23 37 5 262 88.0 S. 85 ^•5 •7 2 p 24 43-5 369 82.5 S.S.W. 117 3-0 24 2 1' 7 P T ?S 27-5 304 520 N.N.E. 188 30 24 I A 26 34-5 283 76.5 S.S.W. 65 0.5 10 4 P 27 51.0 564 68.5 s. 150 30 24 6 P 10 p 12 P .07 28 590 672 75-5 N.W. '57 2.0 20 0 A 0 A 2 A .02 29 45-5 372 83.5 N. 105 ••5 17 4 P 30 37-5 312 7'-5 N.Nf.E. 128 2.0 20 11 A ••Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in followinK day. REMARKS The weather during the month was practically devoid of unusual features and presented but little that calls for comment. Perhaps the large amount of cloudiness and the few clear days was as noticeable as any single feature. The relative humidity was high and the absence of any high wind noticeable. The first frost of the season was a little later than usual and rather heavy for a first frost. Nearly all the pre- cipitation occurred during the first half of the month. The maximum and minimum barometers were both higher than their respective normals and the mean pressure was slightly lower than usual. The range of pressure was a little greater than usual. The mean temperature was practically normal and the minimum temperature nearly six degrees lower than usual giv- ing a large range for the month. Several days of rather low temperature were recorded during the last third of the month. The mean relative humidity was about five per cent higher than the normal. The total precipitation was about one inch less than the normal and over one half of it occurred during the heavy storm of the 6th and 7th. The total wind movement was practically normal; as to direction about one half of the time it was either from the South Southwest or the directly opposite North Northeast. There were a number of days when no pressure was registered on the pressure chart, and not a single gale was noted. The amount of cloudiness was considerably more than usual. J. E. OSTRANDER. Meteorologist JAMES BOWER JR. Observer. LIHhAKY Oh IHL MassscLoselts Agricaltural Callege, AMHERST. MASS. BULLETIN No. 442. OCTOBER 1925 Meteorolooical Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGllICULTURAL EXrEllIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W. Hei«;ht of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj Wi7ui Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, 7 ^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressnie. In inches. Maxiniuni reduced to freezing, 30.22, 30th, 9 a. Mininuun reduced to treezinfj. 2S.S0, 2i5th, 3P. Reduced maximum reading, 30.53, 30th, 9 A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.10, 25th, 3 p. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.975 Montlily range 1-43 Air Teinperadire- In Degrees Fahr. Highest 73-0, 17th. 030 P Lowest 20.5, 31st, 7 A. Mean ht)urly 43.2 Mean of means of max. and mi n 43.5 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 39-8 Monthly range 53-5 Highest mean daily 56-5. i7th Lowest mean daily 29.7,30th Mean maximum 53-6 Mean minimum 33-4 Mean daily range 20 Greatest daily range 3"-5. ist Least daily range 6.5- Qt^'^ Hi idiViii.l. Total movement 4231m Greatest daily movement 426m, 26th Least daily movement .... 39m, 9th, 30th Mean daily movement 136 m Mean hourly velocity 5.7ni Ma.ximuni pressure per square foot, 22.0 lbs = 66in per hour, 25th, 10 p., W. .Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 42m per hour, 25th, 10 P., W. Prevailing direction. West Southwest. Summary. Southwest, 19 per cent South 16 " " Northwest 13 " " West 13 " " South Southeast 10 " " Other directions 29 " " Wea cn .^ D 0 t. Sc^^ 2« I 3047 3033 30.410 64.5 5 ^ 27.0 1 A 45-7 44.6 38.0 9-8 2 30.40 30.20 30.333 56.5 7 P 325 4 A 44-5 46.7 45.2 0 0 3 30.13 29.80 29.914 64.0 3:30 p 52.0 7 A 58.0 56.0 55-7 03 4 29.80 29.56 29.701 59.0 11 A 43-0 7 A 51.0 52-3 52.0 50 s 29.80 29-54 29.671 51 5 3P 390 12 P 45.2 46.5 46.0 0 0 6 29.94 29.78 29.886 60.5 3:30? 32.0 6 A 462 46.7 43-5 lO.O 7 30 ti 29.75 29982 60.0 3P 390 0 A 49-5 49,6 42.7 93 8 30.16 30.01 30.098 63.0 2:30 P 37-0 7 A 50 0 48.6 44 5 7-6 9 30.01 29.55 29783 50.5 2 p 44-0 7 A 47-2 462 45-5 0.0 10 29-83 29-45 29.540 44 0 0 A 32.0 12 M 380 35-0 3'-5 0.0 (I 30.06 29.S3 30.054 51.0 3 '' 300 6 A 405 39-4 38.0 76 12 30.05 29.89 29-937 55-5 2 p 40. 0 6a 47-7 48,6 47.0 1-3 '3 30-14 29-93 30.081 56.0 3:30 P 31.0 12 P 43 5 44 8 39-7 9.0 •4 30.22 29.86 30.087 595 2:30 p 2J5 7 A 41.5 42.7 37-2 7 3 IS 29,86 29.60 29716 67.0 3P 46,0 7 A 56,5 54.0 47.2 6.1 i6 29.98 29.S1 29-937 695 4P 33 5 7:30 A 5'-5 5' 5 44-2 8.4 '7 29.85 29.42 29.608 73-0 0:30 p 42 0 12 P 57-5 565 54-5 1.4 i8 30.12 29.85 30 080 53-0 3:30 P 34-0 12 P 43-5 42,9 39-3 4 7 19 30.04 2959 29769 530 3P 29 0 4 A 41 0 41.0 39-0 0.0 20 29.89 29.64 29.786 47 0 2 p 31.0 12 P 39-0 39-5 36.0 1.6 21 29.89 29.78 29.840 490 1:30 p 29.0 12 P 39-0 36-9 33-7 2.3 22 29.87 29.72 29816 47-5 4 P 26.5 7P 370 35.6 32-5 0.5 23 30.13 2978 59-997 47 0 3 P 30.0 12 P 38-5 37-5 32-7 6.4 24 30.20 29.92 30.103 51.0 3P 28,0 2 A 39-5 39-7 34-5 5-5 ^5 2992 29.10 29939 505 8:30 p 36.0 6 A 43-3 41.6 42.0 0.3 26 29.89 29.40 29.876 52-5 3P 380 12 P 45-3 45-3 40.7 6.1 27 30.18 29.87 30.002 43.0 3P 28.5 7 A 35-7 35 5 32-3 I.O 28 3022 29-79 30.045 44.0 8 P 27.0 5:30 A 35 5 35-6 35-0 0.7 29 3037 29.82 30,248 41.0 3 P 28.0 12 P 34-5 33-5 28.3 7,0 30 30.53 ,30.37 30.499 34-5 2 P 26.0 12 P 303 29-7 28.5 0.0 31 30.52 30.45 30.494 43-5 4 P 20,5 7 A 32.0 29,8 25.7 9-0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipitation. fe Total in V Q 0 a > c 'c bi Indies. J. So, 2 SU4 V c; 3 > 14th Hnmidity. Mean dew point 29.4 Mean force of vapor 224 Mean relative humidity 77.8 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3.23 Total snow, in inches, \ Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell V Wind. Total movement 5i73ni Greatest daily movement 446m, 17th Least daily movement . . . . 30m, 2d, 12th Mean daily movement 172 m Mean hourly velocity 7.2m Maximum pressure per square foot, 20.5 lbs = 64in per hour, i6th, i A., S. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per hour, 16th, 2 A., S. Prevailing direction, West. Summary. Northwest 23 per cent South 20 " " Southwest 13 " " North Northwest, 10 '• " Other directions 3? " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 47 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 171 hours = 57 per cent Number of clear days 6 Number of fair days 11 Number of cloudy days 13 Brit^ht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 127 = 43 per cent. Bain. 6th, 7th, 8th, 12th, 13th, 14th. 15th, i6th, 27th. Snow, 27th. Frosts, before the 16th; ist, 2d, 5th, 7th, nth. Gales. 40m, Sth, S. S. W.; 59m, 13th, E.S. E.; 45m, 14th, N. W.; 56m, 15th, S.; 64m, i6th,S.: 40m, 17th, N. W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to V Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. C6 S £ s 3 s ■5 >< Ss £ 3 £ «3 £ £ 3 £ V B -0 S S n! 303 2 ct; as 3 3 0 ^ Q s ^ s " ■«£/) s H s H 0) 0 u ^^^ ^S I 3059 30.45 30.523 53.0 3:30 P 16.5 7:30 A 34.7 32.2 25-5 8.8 2 3050 30.29 30.380 49.0 2:30 P 21 0 7 A 35.0 33-8 27-5 64 3 3053 30.29 30.462 48.0 3P 29.5 5:30 A 38.7 37-7 32.7 79 4 30.67 30.53 30.610 54.0 4 P 28.0 12 P 41.0 38.8 35-5 93 S 3067 30.31 30.489 47.0 3P 21.0 7 A 34.0 35-2 32.3 40 6 3031 30.15 30.248 595 3:30 p 35.0 12 P 47-3 47-3 43-7 4.8 7 30-38 30. 1 c 30287 53.0 3P 28 5 7 A 40.7 42.2 39-7 5.9 8 30.10 29.52 29.816 61.0 2:30 p 40.0 12 P 505 , 518 50.0 0.0 9 30.09 29.94 30.035 39.5 3 P 32.0 12 P 35-7 35-3 31.0 1.6 10 30-31 30.09 30.250 44.0 3P 26.0 12 P 350 333 29.5 5.6 II 30-35 30.19 30.287 49-5 3P 22.0 7:30 A 357 350 32.0 52 12 30.28 29.84 30.182 47.0 12 p 290 5 A 380 .376 37-5 0.0 •3 29.84 29.08 29.147 60.5 2 p 47.0 0 A 53.7 53-2 50.7 1.8 '4 29-77 29.26 29484 48.5 5 P 44.0 II A 46.7 47.0 44.5 0.3 «5 29.95 29.47 29.819 60.0 12 P 38.5 6 A 49.2 4S.4 43-5 48 i6 29.72 29.32 29.497 62.0 2:30 A 385 12 P 50.2 463 41-3 25 t? 30.18 29.72 30047 430 2 P 35-5 5 A 39-2 38.6 34-0 26 i8 30.39 30. 1 s 30364 50.0 3P 31 5 7:30 A 40.7 39 3 327 7.6 19 30.27 30.08 jO.157 46.0 3P 32.0 4 A _.3a.o. 390 37.7 0.3 20 30.09 29.99 30.049 480 3P 30.5 7:30 A 39-2 39 9 35-0 2.1 21 30.11 29.95 30.034 54.5 3P 31 0 7:30 A 42.7 40.7 34-0 8.4 Z2 29.95 29.68 29.796 60.5 2:30 p 27.5 7:30 A 440 42.5 36.7 6.3 23 29.74 29.64 29.700 45.0 0 A 30.0 12 P 37-5 37.2 33-5 00 24 29.84 29.54 29.760 330 3 P 23.5 7:30 P 28.2 27.8 24.0 8.0 ^5 29.89 29.77 29839 37.0 3'-30 P 24-5 7:30 P 30.7 29.9 27-3 0.0 26 30.23 29.82 30.180 40.5 3-30 P 26 0 12 P 33.2 31-3 26.5 7.6 27 30.23 29.77 29.939 34.0 8p 25.5 7:30 A '29.7 29.8 30.5 0.0 z8 3034 29.84 30.157 370 II A 25.0 12 P 31.0 32.0 29.5 0.0 29 3354 30.34 30,480 27.0 3 P 15.0 12 P 21.0 205 17.3 8.1 30 30.61 30.46 30.565 28.0 3P 1 1.0 7 A 19.S 18.7 16.3 7.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Q o a c !H rt 5 « 3 V 5 «> t) 3 a So, stS SXX Wind. iQ o o** HS.5 a- a. 20.0 .154 72.5 22. 0 ■173 72.5 27.0 .212 69.0 28.S .213 73-5 30.5 .205 86.0 41.0 .308 84.0 35 5 .278 78.0 48.0 •39« 890 255 .196 7'-5 25.0 .178 74-5 27.0 .209 76.5 37-0 .228 980 48.0 .406 «3-5 41.5 .326 79-5 38.0 ■337 69.0 36.0 .297 74-5 -7 5 .227 66.0 270 .212 70.5 36.0 .245 90.0 30.0 .230 75-5 285 .225 70.0 33-5 .247 79-5 29.0 .217 73 5 195 .140 77.0 22.5 .160 80.0 21-5 .IS8 75-5 26. s .174 840 26.0 .178 795 14. 0 .102 85.0 12.0 .101 75-5 s.s.w. w. E.N.E. E. S.S.W. N.W. S. S.W. N.W. W. S. N.W. S.W. N.W. S. w.s.w. N.W. N.W. S. S.W. S.W. S. N.N.W. N.W. S. N. N.N.W. W.N.W N.N.W. N. 32 30 182 122 65 '36 62 325 248 128 86 30 312 438 226 355 446 165 150 161 92 126 197 312 123 i3« 48 171 226 0.0 0.0 4.0 o.c 2.0 1-5 1-5 8.0 4.0 2.0 2.5 0.0 17-5 10. o 16.0 20.5 8.0 2.0 3-0 2.5 0.0 4.0 30 5-0 0-5 2.5 0.0 4-5 4-5 0.0 Precipitation. — 28 3P 20 2 p 17 4P 17 6p 40 10 A 28 I A 20 I P 22 2 P 59 5 A 45 7 P 56 12 P 64 I A 40 7 P 20 10 A 24 lO A 22 4 P 28 4 P 24 4P 32 2 P 10 4 P 22 I A 30 4P 30 9A 0:30 A 9P 9:30 A 6:30 P O A O A II P O A 8 A 12 P 6p 12 P 12 P 8 A 12 P II A Total in Inches. •25 .05 •51 •30 •49 .02 .02 .86 •73 ' Kain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The abnormally cold weather which was so marked during October did not continue in November and the temperature of the month was much more seasonable. Marked barometric activity with much high wind and heavy gales, together with considerable precipitation, occurred near the middle of the month and were the most noticeable features of the month. The temperature until near the close of the month was slightly higher than normal. On the whole the month was not far from normal. The mean barometer was considerably higher than normal, notwithstanding some very low readings, and the range of pressure was very large. The rapid fall in pressure on the 12th — 13th was especially noticeable. Immediately following this drop in pressuro heavy winds occurred which made up about one-third of the total wind movement for the month in a period of five days. Some of the heavy gales were from the South and Southeast — an unusual direction for this localty. While there was considerable wind from the northwest quad- rant the prevailing direction was West. The mean temperature was nearly normal, and after a rather low reading on the 1st there was very little low temperature until near the end of the month. The maximum temperature was about two degrees lower than usual and occurred near the middle of the night. The mean dew-point was practically normal and the relative humidity slightly higher than usual. The total precipitation was practically normal and a lig^^'t snow occurred near the end of the month. The amount of sunshine was nearly normal. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist JAMES BOWER JR. Observer. / "•""■". -Z;"'" UUi^'^ AMHEB8T. MASS. BULLETIN No. 444. DECEMBER 1925 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGllICULTUML EXrEIIIMENT STATIOIN. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W. Hei^:;ht of barometer above groutid^ 5^ f^- Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj IVimi Itistruments 72 ft. Time used, y^t/i Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.iv ist.oA. Minimum reduced to freezing, 24.05, 12th, 7 A 13th 2 A Reduced ma.ximum reading, 30.47, ist,0A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.36, 12th, 7 A. i3tli 2 A Mean semi-daily reduced 29.899 Monthly range i.ii Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 56.5,6th. 4.30 A Lowest 1.5, 27th, 7 A.: 30th, 7 A Mean hourly , . 28.7 Mean of means of max. and min 29.0 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 26.1 Monthly range 55-o Highest mean daily 45. 8, 6th Lowest mean daily 6.0, 27th Mean maximum 35-4 Mean minimum 22.6 Mean daily range 12.8 Greatest daily range 28.0, 30th Least daily range 5.0, 21st Humidity. Mean dew point 22.2 Mean force of vapor 163 Mean relative humidity 79. 9 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3.56 Total snow, in inches, 6ii Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell if Days of sleighing, 2 Wind. Total movement 6694m Greatest daily movement 441 ni, 9th Least daily movement 81m, 16th Mean daily movement 216 m Mean hourly velocity g.om Maximum pressure per square foot, 14.0 lbs = 53m per hour, 9th, 10 A., \V. .Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per hour, 9th, 10 A., W. Prevailing direction, West Northwest. Summary. Northwest 19 per cent West 19 " " Southwest 13 " " West Northwest jo " " South Southwest 10 " " North 10 " " North Northeast, 10 '" " Other directions 9 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 56 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 162 hours = 5"' per cent Number of clear days 4 Number of fair days 13 Number of cloudy days 14 Ilriiibt Sunshine. Number hours recorded. 121 — 43 per cent. Rain, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, Sth, nth, 12th, 20th. 2ISt, 22d. Snow, ist, 22d, 24tli, 25th. Gales, 53m, 9th, W.: 36m, 10th, W. N. W.; 40m, i2th, N. W.; 38m, 13th, N. W.: 43m, 14th, N. W.: 36m, 17th, N. W. 39m, 23d, N. W.; 36m, 26th, N. W.; 42m, 27th, N. W.: 37m. 28th, N. N.W.: 36m, 2gth, N. W. DAILY SUMMARY Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature Ground Shelter. 01 s S £ 3 S '5 '3 2s £ 3 £ c4 £ £ '5 V s T3 ?, i c >> I-' S 3 f^ J^ S t^ 2 a% 2 £ Q S is s ^ ^•/) s H is H aj 0 w ^^^ ^ffl I 3047 3030 30-364 30.5 12 P 210 0 A 25.7 26.5 27-3 0 0 2 30-41 30.30 30-35« 40 0 3 P 305 0 A 35.3 34.7 335 0.0 3 3030 29.97 30057 43-0 12 P 35-5 7 A 39-3 38.5 38.3 0.0 4 30.04 29.97 30.004 47.0 3P 41.0 12 P 44.0 43-8 41.5 00 5 3003 29.78 29.928 45.0 3 P 390 6 A 42.0 41. 1 40.3 0.0 6 29.87 29-73 29.822 56.5 4:30 A 37-0 12 P 46.7 45-8 41.5 5.t 7 2993 29.79 29 896 45.0 1 P 33-5 9 A 39.3 38.3 34.0 3-4 8 29.97 29-53 29.790 37-5 12 P 34.0 6:30 P 35-7 360 33.5 0.0 9 29.66 29.46 29.605 42.0 4A 19.0 12 P 30.5 2S.4 225 7-2 lO 2973 29.58 29655 29.0 12 M 17.G 3 A 23 0 22.3 20.5 50 II 29.85 29.54 29.729 370 y-3^ ^ 20.0 I A •285 29.1 21.7 45 12 29.57 29.36 29.460 40.5 12 M 330 0 A 36.7 36.5 35 3 1-7 «3 29 72 29.36 29677 38.0 3:30 A 280 12 P 330 31.0 26.7 6.0 •4 29.95 29.69 29.841 32.0 4 A 21.0 12 P 26.5 272 25.3 5-5 IS 30.04 29.88 30007 26.0 3P 150 8 A 20.5 20.0 15-7 79 [6 29.88 29.68 29786 36.0 3P .6.5 0 A 26.3 24.8 23.0 70 I? 2972 29 61 29.690 340 3:30 P 25.0 12 P _25-5 280 267 30 (8 29.81 29.68 29.758 330 3P 245 I A 287 29.6 28.3 2-5 '9 29.94 29.81 29934 390 2 P 235 7 A 31.3 310 26.3 4-5 20 30.06 29.92 30.0O2 425 1:30 P 23.0 7 A 32.7 32.1 29.7 3.7 2( 29.96 29.S9 29 940 390 3:30 p 340 7 A 36.5 360 35-3 1.4 22 29.89 29.58 29700 41.0 2:30 p 29.0 12 P 35-0 37-7 367 0.4 23 30.10 29.58 29.989 29.0 0 A 16.0 10 A 22.5 21.0 15-7 7.0 24 30-13 29.98 30.058 320 4 P 18.5 0 A 25.3 25.2 235 3-2 iS 30.00 29.50 29.700 31.0 3 P 21.0 12 P 25~0 270 26.5 0.0 26 29 70 2954 29.668 17.0 1:30 P 30 12 P lO.O 12. 1 6.7 7-9 27 29.76 2970 29.724 150 12 P 1-5 7 A 8.2 6.0 5-7 7.0 28 30.09 29.71 30.020 295 4:30 P 12.0 5:30 A 20.7 •94 17.0 8.2 29 3024 30.09 30.198 290 2:30 P 13.5 4:30 A 21.3 21.2 l8.2 7.0 30 30.36 30.22 30304 29.5 3P J 5 7 A 15.5 t6 I 11.3 8.0 3' 30.22 30.08 30.145 31.0 12 P 13.0 6:30 A 22.0 235 20.3 4.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. 1 Wind. Precipitation. ^ Total in 4) Q 0 > li c . 4) S 3 a 0. c c tjij Inches. J 0 D 3 > ~ 0 o"* HS.5 rt u 1- _ I- 1) V 3 H c '5) m c '■B c W 12 P 0 c tn I 25.5 •153 94-5 N. 97 0.0 3:30 A .70 5h 2 300 .204 84.0 N. 135 '•5 «7 II P 3 37-5 .236 93-5 N. 221 2-5 22 2 A 3 A 12 P 1.09 4 J9S .284 85.0 N.N.E. 187 I.C 14 I A 9 A 5 P •13 5 3S-5 .261 90.0 N.N.E. 149 05 10 2 A 8 A 12 p .10 6 3S5 .2S7 80.5 s.s.w. 160 3-0 24 2 P 0 A 4 A .41 7 29.5 .221 74.0 s.w. 176 2.0 20 II A 8 29.5 .208 77 5 s.s.w. 190 3-0 24 9A 8:30? 12 P .06 9 i6.o .138 68.0 w. 441 14.0 53 10 A (O 155 .120 73-5 vv. 256 6.5 36 10 A 1 1 23.0 •157 80.5 s.w. 324 2-5 22 II A 1 1:30 P 12 P T 12 325 .220 84.5 w. 246 8.0 40 4P 0 A 8 A •03 13 22.0 159 75 5 W.N.W. 340 7.0 38 5 A 14 20.5 .150 76.5 N.W. 349 9,0 43 10 A '5 I I.O .098 77.0 N.W. 243 4-5 30 10 A i6 20.5 .121 90.0 W. 81 2-5 22 2 P '7 24.0 .150 86.0 w. 271 6.5 36 3 P i8 23.0 ■173 72.0 W.N.W. 351 4-5 30 8 p '9 20 0 .159 72.5 S.W. 182 1-5 17 2 A 20 29 0 .171 92.0 N.N.E. 83 0.0 — 4:30? 12 P •35 21 345 .212 91.0 W. 112 1-5 17 II P 0 A 12 P •57 22 35-5 .224 Q5o E. 104 3-5 26 II P 0 A II P .05 T 23 85 .101 665 N.W. 382 7-5 39 12 M 1 24 21.5 ■^33 87.5 S.W. 142 2.0 20 12 M 6 A 7:30 A T T 25 23-5 .154 835 SS.W. 108 4.0 28 12 P 4 A 8 p .07 li 26 -5-5 .067 570 N.W. 306 6.5 36 4P 27 30 .061 85.0 N.W. 282 9.0 42 7 A 28 6.5 .102 590 N.N.W. 330 7.0 37 I A 29 130 .III 74.0 N.N.W. 234 6.5 36 12 M 30 4-5 ■083 70.5 N.W. 99 1.0 14 2 A 5' 16.5 .120 80.5 W.N.W. 113 2.0 20 3 P ••Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. Annual Summary for 1925. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, Minimum reduced to freezing, Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . . Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . . Mean semi-daily reduced to freezing and sea-level, Annual range, • 30-43. Jan. ist, 8 A. 28.78. Nov. 13th, 10 A. . 30.76, Jan. 1st, 8 A. 29.08, Nov. 13th, 10 A. 30.022 *Air Temperature. In degrees Fahr. Highest, 97.0, June 7th, 4:00 p. Lowest, -13.0, Jan. 29th, 4:00 A. Mean hourly, 47-6 Mean of means of max. and min., 47-6 Mean sensible (wet bulb) , 43-4 Annual range, iio.o Highest mean daily 86.i, June 6th. Lowest mean daily, -o.i, Jan. 24th. Mean maximum 58-0 Mean minimum, 37-2 Mean daily range, 20.8 Greatest daily range, 46.5. Mar. 26th. Least daily range, 4-o, Sept. i6th. Humidity. Mean dew point, 40.1 Mean force of vapor, 380 Mean relative humidity, 80.5 Wind. Prevailing direction, West .Summary. South 15 per cent South Southwest 13 " " North II " " North Northeast 10 " " Southwest 10 " " West 10 " " Northwest 10 " " Other directions, 21 " " Total movement. 53.31 1 m Greatest daily movement, .... 682m.,Feb.27th Least daily movement, .... 18 m., Feb. Sth Mean daily movement, 146 m Mean hourly velocity, 6.1 m Maximum pressure per square foot, 22.0 lbs.,= 66 m. per hour, Oct. 25th. 10 p., W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 42 m. per hour, Oct. 25th, 10 p., \V. Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 44.63 Snow total in inches, 34.5 Number of days on which .01 or more rain or melted snow fell, 130 Weather. Mean cloudiness observed, 49 per cent. Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom- eter, 2100 hrs.^47 per cent. Number of clear days, 98 Number of fair days 14! Number of cloudy days 126 Bright Sunsliine- Number of hours recorded, 2361 hrs. =53 per cent Dates of Frosts. Last, May 26th First, Sept. 23rd Dates of Snow. Last, April 20th First Oct. 10th Total days of sleighing, 36 Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour. Jan. 22d, 52m, N.N. W. Feb. 26th, 53m, W.N.W.; 27th, 53m, W.N.W. June ist, 51m, N.N.\\'. Oct. loth, 53m, N.W.; 25th, 66m, W.; 26th, 55m, N.W. Nov. 13th, 59m, E.S.E.; i;th, 56m, S.; i6th, 64m, S. Dec. gth, 53m, W. Temperature in ground shelter. JAMES BOWER Jr. Observer. E. OSTRANDER, MeteoroIos:ist. BULLETIN No. 445. JANUARY 1926 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTUIUL EXPEIIIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W. Height of barometer above ground, Sift- Aboi'e sea level, 2yj.j ft. Height oj Wind Instmrnents J2 ft. Time used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.21, 8th, 11 A Minimum reduced to freezing, aq.oo, 19th, 2 a Reduced ma.ximum reading, 30.53, 8th, 11 A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.31, 19th, 2 .\. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.993 Monthly range 1.22 Air Tempera 3 a Ot/) d t^ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO ti 12 '3 14 '5 i6 17 18 19 20 Z( 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 3014 29-75 29-937 37-0 12 p 30.0 30-07 29.76 30.026 37-0 0 A 30.5 30-41 30.07 30-301 44.0 3--30 P 25.0 30.40 30.05 30.199 31.0 12 P 24.0 3005 2971 29.888 36.0 12 P 31.0 29.71 29.50 29.609 42.5 31^ 36.0 3037 29.69 30.098 36.0 0 A 16.0 30.53 30.37 30.453 30.0 3P II. 5 3037 29-73 29-925 22.5 4 P lO.O 30.10 29.9 ( 30.049 30.0 2 P 8.0 30.04 29.94 29.989 27.0 12 P 0 0 29.91 29.7S 29837 34.0 12 M II.O 30.05 2990 29.994 27.0 2 P 05 30.01 29.70 29.886 25.0 31^ 8.0 29.90 29.61 29693 39 5 4 P 70 30-33 29.90 30.288 39-0 3 P 19.5 30.30 30.1 1 30.173 405 4P 24.0 30.11 29-33 29-773 39-0 10 P 30.0 30.09 29-31 29795 48.0 12 M 320 30.09 29.94 30.031 40 0 2:30 P 26.5 30.04 29-5« 29.787 40.0 S^ 340 30.07 29.50 29.796 35-0 0 A I I.O 30.19 29.91 30.113 27.0 3 P 15.0 32.22 29.72 29.929 28.0 II A 16.0 30.37 30.21 30313 23.0 3 I' 5-5 30.25 29.76 30.098 29.5 3 P 60 29.76 29.49 29.596 35-5 3P 21.0 29.90 2934 29-550 23 0 9P 7-0 3o.3« 29.90 30.329 14.0 12 P I.O 30.22 30.04 30.151 42.0 3 P 13.0 30.16 29.99 30.081 42.0 3P 28.0 6 7:30 12 3 o A A P A A O A 12 P 7:30 A 12 P 2 A 7 A 12 P 7 A 5 A 2:30 A 7 A 2 A 7 A 12 P 7 A 4 A 8:3c P O A 12 P 7:30 A 8:30 A 12 P 12 P 8:30 A O A 7 A 33 5 32.8 29.0 33 7 33-8 29.5 34 i 34-9 30.3 27 5 26.0 27.3 33 5 32.8 33-3 39 2 38.4 35-0 2b 0 27-3 20.0 20 7 189 16.0 16 2 1S.8 19.0 19 0 19-3 16.0 13 5 15.8 12.0 22 5 25-3 21.3 13 7 15-0 9.2 16 s 163 24.2 '5-3 21.7 23 29 2 288 22.5 32 3 329 307 34 5 33-4 32.5 40 0 409 36.0 3i 2 32.7 29-3 37 0 367 36.0 ■23 0 19.2 14-7 21 0 21.5 18.0 22 0 22.8 20 3 14 3 162 13.0 17 7 20.4 16.7 28 3 27-4 23.0 15 0 '53 79 12.7 5-3 . 7 5 27 5 320 30.5 35 0 33-8 30.5 32 0.0 7.0 o o 0.0 0.0 7-6 6.1 1.2 56 6.1 5-5 7-3 6.2 5 I 83 7-5 0.0 7-8 4.8 0.0 6.0 7-3 60 65 5-4 4-5 5-3 8.7 6.6 0.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. Precipitation. £ Total in 0 a > •-:h be- V in 5 4) 0 2 >- 3 c 3 a 0. c '5 bi Inches. i_ >> S^ « ™ H 3>5 ■x'S''^ ^t V C c c » (4 a^S *> 0 tl 3 = 1 „ a s55 9J 0. c c si Inches. # >t SS rt'S £ "3 lU " •5^^' D 3 • S 3 S 3 73 i2 c 2 == Oct. C S c"? E dj s SL/ o§ >-v: ci§°= X*' S ci c 2s s "a s ?, li c" ?^ S ni Set; a s i 5 ^ % H s H 0) ra .rO 0) 0 1^ ^« I 30.02 29.74 29.868 42.0 4 P 28.0 0 A 35-0 35-4 33-0 35 2 29.77 29.50 29.636 38.0 2:30? 28.0 12 P 33-0 33-3 31.0 4.6 3 29.78 29 67 29-732 25.0 3P 19.0 12 P 22.0 22.7 19.0 6.2 4 30.01 29.78 29.947 25.0 4P 130 12 P 19.0 18.5 14.7 9.2 5 30-50 30.01 30.355 21.5 4P ■ 4.0 7 A 12.7 12.2 lO.O 105 6 30.60 30.28 30-473 35-5 5 P -0.5 7 A 17-5 17.8 15.0 105 7 30.28 29-31 29.663 350 3 P 22.0 6 A 285 28.2 283 0.0 8 29.61 29.28 29.484 36.0 I A 21.0 12 P 28.5 28.0 25.0 7.0 9 30.03 29.60 29.819 34.0 5P 17.0 7 A 25-5 ^iS 21.7 10.5 10 30.13 30.03 30.132 40.0 3P 11.5 7 A 257 25.0 23-5 97 II 30.13 30.00 30.057 34.5 3P t4 0 7 A 243 24.9 22.0 95 12 30.00 29.85 29.972 32.5 3P 12.5 6 A 22.5 22.2 21.7 6.3 •3 30.05 29.94 30.018 31.0 3 P 10.5 7 A 20.7 22.0 17-5 10.8 14 30.12 30.05 30.085 28.0 3 P 7.5 7 A 17-7 19.6 15-5 10.6 «S 30.10 29.89 29.980 340 5 P 14 0 6 A 24.0 25.1 21.5 60 (6 29.95 29.85 29.911 37.0 3 P 130 7:30 A 25.0 26.9 225 7 9 I? 30.20 2995 30.150 39.5 4 P 16 0 7 A 27.7 28.1 23-7 lO.O i8 30.21 30.28 29.97 30.05 30.079 30.195 44.0 41.5 4P 2 V 24 0 18.5 0 A 340 32.6 32.5 29.0 27.0 4.1 19 7 A- 30.0 7.6 20 30.12 29.86 29.948 44.5 12 M 350 0 A 39-7 37-2 36-3 0.5 21 30-34 30.12 30.328 48.5 5:30 P 280 7 A 3S.3 36-9 31 5 11-3 22 30.30 29.90 30.106 57.0 5P 24-5 7:30 A 407 39-5 35 7 10.3 23 2990 29.23 29432 45-0 3 P 35-5 0:30 A 40.3 40.0 37-3 0.0 24 29.49 29.19 29.372 45-5 2 p 36.0 I A 40.7 39-7 36.7 4.0 ^S 29.64 29.32 29.449 54-0 2 p 335 7 A 43 7 42.1 38.3 3 9 26 2966 29.55 29.606 39-0 II A 3'o 12 P 350 35-0 33 5 0.0 27 30.00 29.64 29. 888 42-5 1 -.30 P 24.5 6 A 33-5 32.7 27.5 II.O 28 30.13 30.00 30.1 1 1 340 5P 22,0 7 A 28.0 28.0 243 10.9 29 30.17 30.08 30.143 3S-5 4 P 21.0 6 A 297 30.5 27-5 II. 4 30 30.24 30.10 30.203 49.0 3P 25.0 7 A 37-0 37-5 3'-7 1 1.6 31 30.16 29.41 29.818 37.0 I p 28.0 2 A 32.5 34.4 33-7 0.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Himiidit y- Wind. P recipitation. 'X Total in Q 0 a > •-:h ll £ 5 5 si c Inches. « >, §S rt '=< £ rt 0 > s •SS^' 0) 3 6 c c 3:' 2o 0 0'==^ HS.S ~ 0 c So c '3 2i 0 c I 28.0 .214 72.0 s.s.w. 191 2.0 20 2 A 2 28.0 ..83 84.0 N. 162 4.0 28 2 P 2 A 12 M •93 I 3 12.0 .117 66.0 w. 208 3-5 26 3 P 4 5 5 .097 6. .5 W.N.W. 238 6.5 36 8 A 5 0.5 .080 595 N.W. 200 8.0 40 I p 6 6.5 105 64.0 S. I20 2.5 22 6p 7 28.0 1 158 1 00.0 N.W. 70 I.O 14 12 p 3 A 12 P 1.56 3^ 8 18.0 152 68.0 N.W. 298 lO.C 45 10 A 0 A 4 A •25 I 9 150 130 71.0 N. 237 3-5 26 3P (0 18.0 143 710 N.W. 89 1-5 '7 5 P n 14.5 134 65.5 N.W. 116 1.0 14 3 P [2 19.0 124 86.5 N. 145 1.0 14 8 A 13 95 HI 65 0 N. 137 1-5 17 4 P •4 7-5 lOI 62.5 N.W. 169 2.0 20 I P IS 16.0 131 64 0 S. 70 05 10 2 P 4P T T 16 18.0 134 81.5 S.W. 75 '•5 17 3P 7P 12 ? .19 2 '7 18.0 141 72.5 N.W. 126 1-5 17 9A 0 A 2 A .04 •i r8 24-5 179 76.5 W. 142 '•5 17 5 P '9 17.0 <77 57-5 S. 99 30 24 10 p 20 35-0 219 93-5 W. 172 1-5 '7 5 P 0 A 6 p .26 T 21 27-5 '99 78.0 W.N.W. 175 1.0 14 I A 22 330 23' 845 S.S.W. 40 0.0 — 23 350 238 86.0 S.S W. 163 25 22 I P 0 A 8 a .01 24 320 240 77.0 W.N.W. 261 5.0 32 5P 25 37.0 241 93-5 W. 185 55 33 7P I A 8 a .08 T 26 32-5 194 95-5 N.N.E. 136 1.0 14 10 A II A 9 P .10 h 27 21.0 169 68.5 N.W. 200 3-5 26 3P 28 190 145 74 5 W.N.W. 221 5-0 32 7 P 29 23.0 i6s 76.0 W. 199 2-5 22 3P 30 26.5 202 72.5 N.W. 106 1.0 14 II A 3 A 5 A .01 T 31 32.0 200 90.5 E. 134 30 24 10 P II A 12 P .52 i 'Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was mostly wintry and progress toward spring conditions was rather slow. The large amount of snow on the ground when the month opened disap- peared very slowly, and in places some of it remained when the month closed. The first half of the month had but little thaw- ing weather. The wind movement was considerably less than usual for March, and the few gales noted were recorded early in the month. The month closed with a very low barometer and a severe storm of rain, sleet and snow in progress. The mean barometer was very low for the time of year, and the range was practically normal. There were three very marked depressions during the month. The wind was largely from the northwest quadrant and had considerable effect on the temperature. The mean temperature was nearly five degrees lower than the normal and the maximum and minimum were approxi- mately the same amount lower than usual. A temperature above fifty degrees was reached on only two days. The mean dew point was unusually low while the relative humidity was practically normal. The total precipitation was practically normal; a moderate amount occurring as snow. Nearly one-half of the total occurred during a very severe storm on the 7th- 8th. The amount of sunshine was very large and about one-half of the days were classified as clear. The month closed with the season's progress much delayed. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist JAMES BOWER Jr., Observer. AWlHE-HST, U.^ BULLETIN No. 448. APRIL 1926 Meteorological Observations AT THR MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTUIUL EXPEllIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" W. Hei^:;ht of barometer above ground, jT ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj IVifiii Instnifnents Y2 ft. Time used, j^thAIer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. 'ressute. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.02, 13th, 6 a. Mininuim reduced to freezing, 29.04, ist, 4 a. Red\iced maximum reading, 30.34, 13th, 6 A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.35,1st, 4 a. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.926 Monthly range 0.99 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 75.?, 22d, 3 p. Lowest 18.0, i2th, 6 a. Mean hourly 41.4 Mean of means of max. and niin 41.2 Mean sensible (wet l^ulb) 37.7 Monthly range 57.5 Highest mean daily 59.8, 22d Lowest mean daily 32.1, 12th Mean maximum 51.7 Mean mininnnn 30.9 Mean daily range 20. S Greatest daily range 36.5, 21st Least daily range b.o, Sth Humidity. Mean dew point 32. 8 Mean force of vapor 271 Mean relative humidity 75.0 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3.62 Total snow, in inches, 34 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 10 M'iiid. Total movement 6063m Greatest daily movement 3S6m, 26th Least daily movement 75m, 7th Mean daily movement 202m .Mean hourly velocity 8.4ni Maximum pressure per square foot, 8.5 lbs = 4ini per hour, 17th, 2 ;•., N.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per hour, 17th. 4 p., N.W. Prevailing direction, West Northwest. Summary. Northwest 23 per cent. West 20 " " West Northwest 10 " " Southwest 10 " " North 10 " " Otlier directions 27 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 49 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 20S hours = 52 per cent Number of clear days 13 Number of fair days 8 Number of cloudy days 9 Rri^ht Sunshine. Number hours recorded. 195 =48 per cent. Rain. Ist, 3d, 5th, 7th, Stli, 9th, 16th, 22d, 24th, 25th. 28th, 30th. Snow, ist, 3d, 7th. Fro«it«i after the 15th, iSth, 19th, 20th, 21st, 2;th. Thunder and Li^htninii. 22d, 24th. Gales. 35m. 4th, N.W.: 35m, 5th, W.: 40m. 15th, SW.: 35m. i6th,S.: 41m. 17th, N.W. ; 37ni. 20th. N.W.; 36m. 22d, W.N.W.; 3gm. 25th, S.S.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to V Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. S 3 i B 3 £ Ss c 3 e i S 3 'c £ T3 i S c ? 5 rt 2 ctS 6 tx Q s s 2 D ■^C/) s H i H 0) d.^ 0) 0 2 Sc^^ ^M I 29.70 1 29.35 29.480 41-5 4:30 P 32.0 8 A 36.7 35-8 33-7 I 2 2 30.08 29.70 29.987 41.5 4P 31.0 3 A 36.3 35-5 31-7 6.0 3 30.16 29.68 29.991 44.0 4 P 24.5 6 A .34.2 35-3 33-5 4-7 4 29.99 29.66 29871 45 -o SP 330 0 A 39-0 38-9 34-5 9.t S 29.97 29.71 29.852 48.0 4P 330 6 A 40.5 40.8 37-7 0.2 6 30.21 29.85 30.169 43-5 4 P 28.0 7 A 35-7 36.0 31-7 12 0 7 30.20 29.9S 30.109 36.0 6 P 26.0 2 A 310 32 5 32.0 0.0 8 30.06 29.68 29.840 38.0 4P 32.0 2 A 35-0 35-8 35-3 0.0 9 3003 29.68 29.967 550 3P 34.0 5 A 44-5 44-3 38.0 10.2 10 30.19 29.90 30.096 56.0 2:30 P 36.0 6 A 46 0 45-3 33-5 11.8 II 30.16 29.84 30 010 50.0 9A 27 0 12 P 385 409 34-0 5-9 12 30.29 30.14 30.259 44.0 5P 18.0 6 A 3'-o 32.1 28.3 10.9 f3 30-34 30.11 30.240 550 4P 20.5 6 a 37 7 38.4 32.5 "-5 14 3015 2976 29 960 63.0 2:30 P 29.0 6:30 A 46.0 454 38.5 9-7 '5 29.S9 29.74 29.S76 42.5 2:30 P 28 0 (2 P 35-2 369 29.0 10 0 16 2988 2945 29.620 57.0 3 P 24.0 6 A 40.5 41 7 38.3 50 '7 29.85 29.44 29639 40 0 9 A 320 12 P 36.0 37-4 3'-5 6.0 t8 30.10 29.85 30.031 46 0 4 P 26.5 4 A 362 36.8 31-3 II.O 19 30-14 29.96 30.058 43-0 2 P 20.0 6 A 3>-5 336 28.5 9.0 20 30.02 29.82 29 911 45-0 5 P 22.0 6 a 33-5 34.1 32-0 10.0 2[ 29.S4 29.60 29.706 67 0 4 P 30-5 4 A 48.7 .51.1 45 3 8.5 22 29.78 29.65 29.724 75-5 3 P 41.5 2 A 58.5 59-8 58.0 3-4 23 29.91 29-73 29847 71.0 5P 51.0 6 a 6[.o 59-2 53-3 8.0 24 ^,0.01 29.64 29-873 70.0 2:30 p 41.0 6 a 55-5 53-4 530 no ^5 29.80 29-57 29.639 60 0 12 M 40.0 5 A 50.0 47-5 47.0 I 6 26 30.01 29.80 29971 48.0 3:30 P 330 12 P 40.5 39 5 385 03 27 30-13 29.99 30.092 55.0 4P 28.0 6 A 41-5 41.8 41.2 10.5 28 30.13 30.01 30.031 550 12 M 3'o 3 A 43-0 42.0 42.7 0.0 29 30.04 29.95 30.028 57-0 2:30 P 380 7 A 475 45-2 41.0 6-5 30 29.98 29.80 29.905 580 3 P 36.0 4A 47.0 46.8 46.2 0.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Huinidit y- Wind. h recipitation. u 1 Total in 0) 0 >, ^c a . _ a. = »■« t- bi Indies. -^ ni flj « •— 0 V en 3 J? 5 . > '3 tj 5>i 0. V be c s CO 5) 0 " 0 u t> 3 t^ 0 c* ™ SS-. ~ 0 S Si ^3 0 -^ Sa, : 3x Ssis: a,a HS.S ^X ■^ V OQ w c I 32.0 .200 91.0 W.N.W. 218 55 33 9P 0 A I p •54 5 2 27.0 196 76.5 W.N.VV. 249 2-5 22 II A 3 32.0 .194 90.0 N.W. 90 2.0 20 4 P 5 P 12 ? •34 li 4 30.0 222 74-5 N.W. 293 6.0 35 I P 5 34-0 .248 795 w. 183 6.C 35 4 P II A I P .04 6 25.0 206 68.0 N.N.W. 132 4.0 28 2 P 7 30.5 190 90.5 S.E. 75 I.O '4 8 A 2 A 3 P •47 I 8 35 -o 206 1 00.0 N N.E. 91 0.0 0 A 12 p •77 9 3'-5 272 66.5 N N.W. 212 5.0 32 n A 0 A 2 A .01 lO 31.0 290 74 5 W. 234 2.0 20 3 !■ 1 1 25-5 246 58.0 W. 215 4.0 28 3 1' r2 17.0 190 530 N. 193 1-5 17 I A '3 24.0 230 580 s.s w. u8 25 22 4 P >4 32-5 284 67.0 s. 181 30 24 4 P '5 23.0 179 695 s.w. 337 8.C 40 II A i6 34-0 254 81.0 w s.w. 248 60 35 12 M 5 P 8:30 V T '7 24-5 207 64.0 N.W. 336 8.5 41 2 P i8 2' 5 215 54.5 W.N.W. 258 2-5 22 I P '9 16.5 •95 48.5 N. 159 4.0 28 10 A 20 25.0 2'3 64.5 N. 260 7.0 37 q A 21 36.0 421 50.5 W. 276 5-5 33 3 I' 22 50-5 551 83.5 W. 172 6.5 36 2 P 3 A 4 A .04 23 54.0 498 86.0 N.W. 161 1-5 17 3 P 24 51.0 446 82.5 S.W. 150 5-0 32 3 P 10 p 12 P •54 25 46.0 345 91-5 W. 232 7-5 39 II A 0 A 8p .58 26 36.0 253 84.5 N.W. 386 3-5 26 2 A 27 37 5 289 77.5 N.W. 159 3-5 26 2 f' 28 42 0 285 940 S.W. 125 4.0 28 10 A 9 A 8 p .29 29 38.0 282 81.0 N.W. 207 30 24 12 M 30 44.0 342 86.5 S.S.W. 113 3-0 24 5 P 8 A 10 A T 'Kain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following: day. REMARKS The baclcw^ardness of Spring, so evident when the month opened, became more pronounced during the month and but Httle seasonal progress was made. At the close of the month the season was from two to three weeks behind normal conditions. The most noticeable feature was the delay in the starting of the foliage of the trees. Only two real springlike days were noticed —the 22d and 23rd. The month was one of the coldest Aprils since this station was established and the rather large amount of cloudiness helped delay normal progress. Several light snowstorms early in the month also contributed to the season's delay. The records of the several weather elements show the fol- lowing features of interest: The mean barometer was consider- ably lower than the normal and the range of pressure was com- paratively small. The maximum and minimum pressures were both rather low. Notwithstanding the relatively small changes of pressure the total wind movement was more than ten per cent greater than usual and much of it was from the northwest quad- rant. Although the wind movement was large the few gales registered were of only moderate intensity. The mean temperature was fully five degrees below the normal and the maximum temperature was about four degrees lower than usual. The minimimi temperature was also rather low. The mean dew point was rather low and the relative lumiid- ity considerably greater than usual. Thr total precipitation was more than the normal although the middle of the month was comparatively dry. The amount of sunshine was about ten per cent less than normal. The month closed with vegetation and spring planting hardly started. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist JAMES BOWER Jr., Observer. LIBRARY or THE Massac!]use(ts A^rnjujn,,-^, ^^^^^^^.^ AMHERST, MAb«. BULLETIN No. 449, MAY 1926 Meteorolooical Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPElllMENT STATION. L;ititude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' lo" W. Hei^^ht of barometer above ground, ^r ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height of IVind Instruments 72 ft. Time used, y^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maxiiiuun reduced to freezing, 30.06, 28th, 6 A. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.0S, qth, 12 m. Reduced maximum reading, 30.36, 28th, 6 A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.38,9th, 12 m. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.876 Monthly range 098 ^Jaximum pressure per square foot, 8.0 lbs = 40m per hour, 25th, 11 a., N.W, Wind, Total movement 5150m Greatest daily movement 3S5m, 25th Least daily movement 5Sm, 28th Mean daily movement i66m Mean hourly velocity b.gni Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 27m per hour, 25th, II A., N.W. Prevailing direction, North Northwest. Summary. Air Tempernliirp. In Degrees Fahr. Highest So. 0, 3rd. i p. Lowest 300,5th, 5.30 A. Mean hourly 55.3'Northwest 19 per cent. Mean of means of max. and min 55 5'North 16 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 52.3 Northeast 13 Monthly range 50.0 South 16 Highest mean daily 65.5, iSth.East 10 Lowest mean daily 45.0, 4th Other directions 26 Mean maximum 68.51 Mean minimum 42.5! Weather. Mean daily range 26 o Mean cloudiness observed .... 49 per cent Greatest daily range 420, 6th q'otal cloudiness recorded by the Sun Least daily range ii.5,3ist[ Thermometer . . 240 hours = 53 per cent I Number of clear days 4 jNumber of fair days 17 ! Number of cloudy days 10 Humidity. Mean dew point 49.3 Mean force of vapor 445 Bright Sunshine. Mean relative humidity ^'-^ N„n,ber hours recorded. 213 = 47 per cent. Rain. 2d, 3d, 9th, nth, 13th, i6th, 17th, 19th, 23d, 27th, 31st. Frosts 5th, 6th. Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 1. 19 Thunder and LiiShtnini. 2d, 9th, nth. Number of days on which .01 inch or more I '■^' ^' "^ ' , ., , ,, x- -.ir ,^. . „ o Gales, 39m. 8th, N.; 36m, 12th, N.W.: 35m. rain fell S 21st, S.; 40m. 25th, N.W.; DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. rt E 3 E £ E .S i 3 s >< V £ E 3 £ '£ 6 £ i is 1) 0 2 4) "3 S2 c 6:1 t 30.08 30.01 30.046 71.0 6 p 370 6 A 54-0 54-4 50-5 10 2 2 30.08 2982 29.943 780 3 P 45.0 6 A 61.5 61.0 57-7 4.0 3 2984 29-55 29.714 800 I p 52.0 6 A 66.0 62.3 57-7 5.0 4 30.08 29.75 30.021 57-5 4:30 P 35-0 5 A 46.2 45-0 43 -o 8-5 S 30.13 30.05 30.104 66.0 4 P 30.0 5:30 A 48.0 49-2 45-0 ■ II.O 6 30-14 26.89 30.023 75.0 4 P 33-0 5:30 A 540 56.2 52-5 90 7 29.98 29.83 29-935 745 3-.30 P 40.0 5:30 A 57-2 589 49-0 10.5 8 29.83 29.50 29.639 68.5 4 P 38.5 6 A 53-5 52-5 42.5 6.7 9 29.63 29-38 29.511 55.0 4 P 35-5 5:30 A 45.2 46.0 43-7 3-5 10 2964 29-57 29.625 63.0 I P 42.0 6 A 52.5 49-4 46.0 40 II 29.67 29.57 29.628 59.0 12:30 M 41.5 6 A 50.2 48.6 45-5 4.0 12 29.71 29.63 29.676 67.0 4P 370 5 A 52.0 48.4 48.7 9-1 «3 29.S3 29.61 29.750 76.0 4 P 36.0 5:30 A 560 58.4 56.0 10.4 '4 29.81 29-73 29.785 67.0 5P 49.5 6 A 58.2 55-3 52.7 1-4 15 29.88 29.81 29.866 675 3 P 460 6 A 56.7 540 58.5 4 5 16 29.82 29.64 29.787 60.0 3P 44.5 12 P 52.2 52.4 51-3 0.2 •7 2976 29.62 29 700 79.0 6p 510 6 a 65.0 62.4 60.0 8.0 (8 29.84 29.70 29.778 78.0 3P 480 6 A 63.0 655 64.0 9-2 19 29.86 29.61 29.777 76 0 5 P 52-5 6p 64.2 62.3 58.3 7.0 20 29.97 29.59 29-783 620 3'-3o P 47.0 12 p 54-5 536 49-7 lO.O 21 30.06 29.90 29974 72.0 2:30 p ^S 0 6 A 55-0 55-4 530 10.2 22 29.91 29.71 29.816 75-5 3:30 P 47-0 6 a 61.2 61.9 60.5 8.8 23 29.90 29.73 29.842 63.0 2:30 p 45-0 II p 54-0 54-7 50.5 3-5 24 29.85 29.71 29 807 65 0 2:30 p 4j-0 3 A 54-0 543 S2.0 10.0 ^S 29.83 29.70 29.792 70.0 3:30 P 43-5 2 A 567 57-0 54.5 II 0 26 29.96 29.82 29878 67.0 3 P 380 6 a 52.5 55 7 51 5 6.5 27 30.27 29.96 30-159 58.0 11:30 p 43.0 12 p 50.5 52.4 50.3 0.0 28 30-36 30.27 30-332 65.0 4P 42.5 3 A 53-7 54.6 530 10.0 29 30.33 30.24 30-295 730 5P 40.0 5"-3o A 56.5 57-6 55-0 9.0 30 30.25 30.06 30.162 780 4P 46.0 5 A 62.0 58.8 535 7.5 31 30.07 29-95 29,999 60.0 4P 49.5 4 A 54-7 55-5 55-5 0.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. Precipitation. ta Total ill V Q 0 a 01 > M ■ ■~.2 1) M £ 3 cr £ be Indies. { Q sis a> «j 3 (5 tj > 41 1) 1- ~ 0 £ c m c ■5 s d 0 c I 47-5 •433 76.5 N. 140 1^5 17 II A 2 51.0 .526 74.0 S. 164 3-0 24 I P 5 P 12 P .04 3 54-5 •551 78.S s.w. 216 5^5 33 3 I' 9P 12 P .07 4 39-0 .321 75-5 N.W. 258 5^0 32 0 A 5 40.5 .361 70.0 N. 129 4.0 28 10 A 6 45-5 .511 61.5 N.E. 73 0^5 lO 9P 7 41.5 .468 57-0 E. 164 30 24 5 P 8 38.0 •324 73^o N. 155 7-5 39 10 p 9 390 •325 75^5 N.W. 285 5-5 33 II A 8 P 12 P T lO 430 •363 800 N.E. 60 4.0 28 2 P 1 1 42.5 •335 83.0 N.N.W. 175 55 33 4 P 3 P 8 ]• .10 12 47.0 .401 8i.o N.N.W. 234 b.5 36 I P 13 535 .504 825 S. 109 3^o 24 6 P 10 p 12 p •17 14 51-5 .422 90.0 s. 92 0.0 — 15 47-5 •389 940 N.W. III 15 17 2 P i6 50.0 .388 95.0 N.N.E. 148 2.G 20 2 P 10 A 12 P .26 '7 58.0 •571 88.5 N. 192 3-0 24 9A 0 A 3 A .02 i8 625 .658 86.5 N.E. 225 55 33 4 P '9 57-5 .512 93-0 N.W. 93 2-5 22 8 P 6p 12 p .42 20 46.0 •397 80.5 W.N.W. 251 5-5 33 I p 21 51.0 .446 82.S W. 196 6.0 35 4 P 22 58.5 •579 870 S S.E. 230 5-0 32 4 P 23 4S.5 •397 97.0 N.W. 212 3-0 24 5 P 6 A 8 a T 24 50.0 428 860 W N.W 295 5^o 32 12 M 25 505 .501 75^5 N.W. 385 8.0 40 II A 26 57 5 •450 73 5 N. 141 I.O 14 8 p 27 47 5- •396 840 N.E. 96 I.O 14 5 P 4 )^ 5 P T 28 50.0 .462 79^5 E. 58 1.0 14 12 M 29 530 .472 88.5 E. 82 0.0 — — 30 52.0 •453 88.5 S. 105 2.0 20 6p 31 550 .460 94.0 S. 76 0.0 9A 8 P .11 'Rain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following; day. REMARKS The backwardness of the season, so marked during April, con- tinued throughout the whole of this month. Generally cool nights and the lack of sufficient soil moisture materially retarded the progress of the season. The wind was from the north points of the compass most of the time and there was but little really warm weather. The precipitation was notably deficient and the few storms very light. In this section it has proved to be the latest spring in many years. The barometer was generally low during nearly the whole month and the mean value one of our lowest for May. The range of pressure was slightly more than usual owing to a low minimum record rather early in the month. The wind movement was considerably more than normal. The mean temperature was more than two degrees below the normal making it one of the coldest Mays on our records. The maximum temperature was seven degrees below the normal for this feature and that record was made early in the month. The minimum temperature was nearly normal. Notwithstanding the low temperature there were no frosts at the station after the first week of the month. On low lands in the vicinity frosts were reported rather late in the month. The last week of the month was marked by rather cold nights. The mean dew point was rather low and the relative humidity very high for this time of year. The total precipitation was about one-third of the normal and most of it occurred before the middle of the month. The amount of cloudiness was more than usual. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist JAMES BOWER Jr., Observer. BULLETIN No. 450. JUNE 1926 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72° 31' 10" \V. Height of barometer above ground, ^T ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, y^t/iMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 29.98, 17th, 6a. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.29, 15th, 11 A. Reduced ma.ximum reading, 30.29. 17th, 6 A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.59,15th, iia. Mean semi-da^y reduced 29.915 Monthly range 0,70 Air Tempera _= 0 c . 4) n r- I* § 4) rt C 3 cr a. it "c. ei Indies. # * a K 4) 3 So > V V 1- £3 r 2^i nj 0) u _ l- T3 v'5 i1 a "S S3H ■^ s 'S S a^c S S rt 2 cS ol a s i SJ^ S H is H u 0 k. sJ^^ ^« I 3005 29.90 30 000 835 4P Si.o 6a 67-3 68.2 60.3 14.0 3 30.04 29.95 29.997 82.5 2:30 P 56.0 5:30 A 69-3 67.9 62.0 90 3 29-95 29.87 29.908 90.0 4:30 P 62.0 12 P 76.0 74.6 66.3 14.0 4 30.10 29.94 29.999 850 3:30 P 54-0 5:30 A 695 689 58.0 12.0 5 3017 29.99 30.117 82.5 3 P 47 -o 5:30 A 64.7 699 57.0 I3-0 6 29.99 29.67 29.797 840 4:30? 55.0 7:30 A 69.5 66.1 62.3 7.0 7 29.76 29.65 29.697 830 3P 58.0 12 P 70.5 70.4 62.3 13.0 8 29.78 29.65 29.719 87.0 5 P 47-5 5A 67-3 70 0 6. .7 ".5 9 29.69 29.62 29.667 95 5 2 P 64.0 5A 78.7 78.6 7 '-5 12.0 10 29.71 29.50 29.659 950 4 P 64.0 7A 79-5 71.9 66.3 70 II 2988 29 61 29.796 740 3P 59-0 12 P 66.5 67.4 60.7 II-3 12 29.91 29.76 29.829 80.0 4:30 P 49.0 5:30 A 645 65.6 59-7 13-4 13 29.S7 29.77 29 826 74.0 4 P 55-0 12 P 64.5 62.2 56.0 4.0 '4 29.97 29.82 29.878 78.0 5:30 V 54-5 6a 66.3 62.3 55-7 8-5 «s 30.06 29.97 30.039 72.0 2 P 52-5 5A 62.3 62.4 57-5 S-5 16 30.11 30.02 30065 81.0 4:30 P 57-5 4:30 A 693 66.2 60.3 9.0 '7 30.16 30.02 30.101 86.0 4P 530 5:30 A 695 70.5 65 0 12 0 18 30.02 29.88 29.975 86.0 2:30 P 62.0 12 P 74.0 69.7 62.0 88 >9 30-07 29.99 30030 86.5 5 P 54.5 6 A 70.5 69.2 61.7 »3-i to 30.07 29.92 29991 92.0 5 P 58.0 6:30 A 750 73-6 65.0 10. 0 21 29.92 29.82 29.846 97.0 4:30 p 59.0 5 A 78.0 82.7 767 12. 1 22 29.96 29.79 29 856 100 0 3P 68.0 6 A 840 81.S 73-3 10.8 *3 30.09 29.89 30.054 80.5 4P 66.0 12 P 73-3 72.8 69 5 61 «4 30.09 29.94 30 021 86.0 5 P 62.0 4 A 74.0 70.9 68.7 K »5 30.20 299s 30.061 820 4:30 p 58.0 12 P 70.0 69.8 590 10.8 26 30-33 30 20 30.272 84.0 5P 51.0 6 A 67.5 66.8 59-7 I2-S J7 30.26 30- '5 30203 88.0 3 P 48.5 6 A 68.3 68.1 603 12.6 z8 30.22 30.14 30.201 85.0 SP 56.5 6 A 70.7 68.9 61.0 85 29 30.21 30.05 30 141 66.0 0 A 550 12 M 60.5 59-6 59 7 0.2 30 30.05 29.95 30.007 730 2 P 60.0 0 A 66.5 65.7 65-3 2.9 31 30.06 30.02 30.048 77-5 4 P 61.0 6 A 69-3 65.8 62.5 8-5 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipita tion. iZ ToIrI in Q 0 a. > it • £ 3 a bi c tii Inches. 2 Q 5« S^5 V t, 73 > ^ c E 3 3 E E 3 t3 S2 c otr. s "5 2s E cd E £ "a E si S n! get; Q S S ^^ S H S H > >-o s 1) 3 ?1 5^s rt a; - to ^ ^ 0 SI c So V -5 a a '5 0 I 60.5 651 82.5 s. 79 2.0 20 3 P 2 69.5 82 1 89.S s. 86 0-5 10 II p 8:30 A 12 P .69 3 72.0 840 930 s. 48 0.0 — — 0 A 6p •13 4 705 903 83.5 N.N.E. 72 0.0 — — s 56.0 707 64.0 E. 69 0.0 — — 6 61.5 750 78.5 W. 43 0.0 — — 7 70.5 788 94.0 S. 80 2-5 22 3 P 5 A 12 P .09 8 61.0 701 77-5 N.N.W. 119 I 5 17 4 P 9 60.5 768 68.5 N.VV. 76 1.0 14 12 M lO 62.0 756 75 5 N.E. 21 0.0 — 1 1 71-5 822 940 S. 67 0.0 — 7:30 A 12 M .09 (2 670 745 89.5 S.E. 56 2.0 20 5 P 2:30 P 12 P .64 '3 72.5 856 730 S. 76 0.0 — 0 A 8p .20 14 71.0 808 94.0 W. 42 0-5 10 4 P 5 P 8 P .42 •5 60.5 711 74.0 N.N.E. 124 I.O 14 n A i6 56.5 492 93-0 S. 49 0.0 — 7 A 9P •97 '7 64.0 671 90-5 S.S.E. 45 0.0 — i8 55-0 526 84.0 N. 70 0.0 — 19 55-0 512 81.0 N.E. 78 0 0 — — 8p T 20 495 558 64.0 E. 69 0.0 — 21 52.S 471 8,3.0 .S.E. 74 0.0 22 52.0 525 76.0 S. 69 1.0 14 4 P 8 A 12 P T 23 59,0 588 885 S. 7?> I 0 14 3 P 0 A 7A .09 24 63.5 632 90.5 S. 148 2.0 20 II A 7:30 A 2 I' T 25 61.0 583 93-5 N. 22 0.0 — 26 60.5 595 885 s. • 40 CO — I A 9 A .65 27 625 653 890 S. 93 0-5 10 6 v 28 62 0 664 84.0 s w- 51 0.0 — — 29 65.5 837 75-5 s. 212 4.0 28 3P 30 51.0 619 59-5 w. 174 4-5 I 30 4P 31 50.0 1 493 73 5 N. 150 2.0 20 12 M •*l ■11 > 0) i) [A = ., J; ^ 3 « « Qj H = a ^ dj ti c 'c c c Indies. >, i d u'o -5 •493 660 N. 180 3-0 24 9 A 2 A 3 A T 14 44.0 •3'J7 785 N.N.W. 50 0.0 15 44-5 .402 825 s. 41 00 — — 16 52.5 ■556 8. .5 N. 62 0.0 — — II P 12 P •'3 '7 54-5 •5'7 87.5 N.E. 77 0.0 — — 7 A 9 A T 18 54.0 .512 85-5 S.W. 66 0.0 — — t9 52.5 .509 86.5 S. 31 0 0 — — 20 58.0 .586 88.5 W. S3 0.5 10 I P 21 4S.0 .456 71-5 N.N.E. 175 25 22 10 A 22 550 .604 885 S.S.E. 83 2 0 20 12 M 23 56.5 •527 87.5 S. 60 0.0 — — I p 7 P T 24 63.0 .636 91.5 S. 77 2.0 20 3 P 2 A 2 p •30 25 72.0 •838 930 S.S.W. 104 1-5 17 10 P 9 P 12 p .1 1 26 37-5 •359 635 N.N.E. 202 3-5 26 8a 27 41.5 .321 81 0 W. 39 0.0 — — 10 P 12 P .10 28 45-5 •358 85.0 W. 9 0.0 — — 0 A 4 A .Ob 29 50.0 •392 90.5 S.S.W. 14 0.0 — — 8:30 A 30 52-5 .418 94 -o W. 28 0.0 2:30 P 'Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Fncliided in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was marked by a very high relative humidity and a rather small precipitation. Consider- able fog, much cloudiness and variable wind direction were also important features. Some rather cool weather was noted early in the month and again the last week of the month. The warmest day was the 25th and the coldest only two days later on the 27th. The equinoctial period was passed without any storms of consequence. Frost threatened about the middle of the month and again near the close, but none was noted at the station. Very light frost was reported on the low ground in the vicinity but practically no damage was done. The absence of frost for two weeks after the usual date, enabled the crops which were so backward early in the season, to mature without damage. The wind movement was very small and no gales of even moderate intensity were registered. The mean barometer was very high- and the range of pressure small. The mean temperature was two degrees below the normal and the maximum temperature was normal but oc- curred rather late in the month. The minimum temperature was fully five degrees higher than usual. The mean dew point was two degrees below the normal and the relative humidit}^ five per cent above the nonnal. The total precipitation was but little more than one-third of the usual amount and there were no heavy storms. The wind movement was nearly a thousand miles less than usual. The amount of sunshine was much less than usual. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist W. H. PARKIN, Observer. I '-'8«*RV0r THE BULLETIN No. 454. OCTOBER 1926 Meteorolooical Observations MASSACHUSETTS AGIUCULTUKAL EXPElliMENT STATION. Latitude, 4^° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" \V. flei'^ht of ha IOmeter above ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2jj.j ft. Height oj Wind Instruments 72 ft. Time used, y^th A/er. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches Maximum reduced to freezing Minimum reduced to freezing Reduced maximum reading, Reduced minimum reJtding, 30.17, ISt.QA. ,28.71,25th, II A. 30.47, ISt, 9 A 29 00, 25th, II A. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.939 Monthly range 1.4 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 81.0, 5th, 2-30 p. Lowest 24 o,22d, 6-30 A. 28th, 7-30 A. Mean hourly 48.0 Mean of means of max. and min 47.8 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 43.6 Monthly range 57 o Highest mean daily 70-7. 5th Lowest mean daily 34 3. 20th Mean maximum 59 8 Mean minimum 35 9 Mean daily range 23.8 Greatest daily range 390, 12th Least daily range 6.0, 20th Humidify. Mean dew point 40.1 Mean force of vapor 333 Mean relative humidity 84.2 Precipifaiion. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 5.02 Total snow, in inches Trace Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 10 Wiud. Total movement 35i8ni Greatest daily movement 2S6m, 25th Least daily movement 32m, 20th Mean daily movement 113.5m Mean hourly velocity 4.7m Maximum pressure per squarefoot. 9.0 lbs = 42m per hour, 25th, 12 m., S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 32m per hour, 25th, 12 Af., S.W. Prevailing direction, West Southwest Summary. South 22 per cent. West 16 " " Northwest '3 " " Soutn Southwest 10 " " Southwest 10 " " North Northwest 10 " " Other directions 19 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 54 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 205 hours = 60 per cent Number of clear days 2 Number of fair days 15 Number of cloudy days 14 Bright Sunnhine. Number hours recorded. 136 =■ 40 per cent. Rain. 2d, 4th, 5th, 7th, loth, 13th, 17th, iSth, I9th, 20th, 24th, 25th, 30th, 31st. Snow, iSth, 20th. Frosts, 9th. 10th, i2th, i6th, 22d, 27th, 28th. Gales, 42m, 25th, S. W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. 1) ^ c a g S-. S - H j6 2 c 3 3 s 3 '3 s 3 v'5 om (4 s S E a Set; o'.Sf Q s S Sc?^ s H is H > ^« I 30.47 30.28 30-439 67.0 4 P 390 6a 53-0 521 47-5 8-9 2 30.36 29.95 30.110 635 7 P 46.0 7A 54-7 56.3 55-5 0 0 3 30.18 29,95 30.085 76.0 3 P 48.0 12 P 62 0 63.0 56.0 8.8 4 30.26 30.10 30.199 77 5 4P 42.0 5A 59-7 60.5 55-0 7-9 S 30.10 29.79 29-943 81.0 2:30? 63.0 I A 72.0 70.7 67 2 5-7 6 29.79 29.63 29.67c 72.0 5:30 A 54-0 12 P 63 0 64.9 630 13 7 29.96 29.67 29852 61.5 II A 430 12 P 52-3 51-7 473 4.8 8 3003 29.96 29.961 56.0 2:30 P 340 6a 45-0 44 7 40.0 K 9 30.05 3003 30.048 550 2 P 330 6:30 A 440 44.0 39-5 46 10 30-03 29.82 29.919 47 0 3 P 28.0 6a 37-5 39 4 36-5 0 0 II 29.98 29.83 29.914 62.0 3P 32.0 7 A 47-0 46.0 40.5 6.0 12 3008 29.9S 30.051 72.0 3 P 330 7 A 525 52.2 45-7 9.6 13 30.08 29.88 29.980 67.0 I P 375 7 A 52.3 535 49-0 3-6 14 30.07 29-93 29.999 70.5 2 P 42.0 6a 563 54 7 48.5 7-8 '5 30.08 29.87 29-935 57-0 12 M 40 0 7:30 A 48.5 48.1 40.3 84 16 30.09 29.78 29 860 , 59-0 3:30 P 25.0 6:30 A 42.0 43-8 39-3 8.0 '7 29.78 29-53 29.596 550 12 M 36 0 r2 P 45-5 48.9 47 3 0 0 (8 29.81 29.70 29.767 43-0 12 P 300 6:30 A 36.5 37 7 40.7 0.0 19 3003 29.69 29.956 51-5 4:30 P 30 0 10 P 40.7 41. 1 36.0 5-0 20 30.04 29.63 29836 37-0 3P 3'o 0 A 340 34-3 33-5 0.0 2( 29.97 29.62 29.797 430 4:30 P 29.0 12 P 360 364 34 7 0.2 22 30.00 29. So 29907 57.0 2 P 240 6:30 A 40.5 41 6 35 7 6 8 23 3c. 1 1 29.87 30.032 62.5 1:30 P 35 -o 12 P 48.7 49-2 42 7 56 24 3414 29.41 29.816 48.0 12 P 26.0 7 A 37-0 36.8 36.5 0.0 ^5 -'963 -900 29-374 69.5 12 M 41.0 12 P 55-3 53-7 50.0 1.8 26 29.94 29.63 29.838 50-5 3:30 P 30.0 7:30 A 403 392 33-3 64 27 30.10 29.94 30.055 58.0 3P 250 8 A 41.5 37-3 3r c 80 28 30.21 30.03 30 145 59.0 4 P 24.0 7:30 A 41-5 40.9 35-3 84 29 30.13 29.99 30.044 64.0 2 P 43-0 0 A 53-5 51.7 467 2.2 30 30.23 29.92 30.063 55-5 12 M 33.0 7 A 443 47 7 43-5 3-1 31 29.95 29.85 29.914 55-0 0 A 360 12 P 45-5 46.7 440 0.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidit ?■ Wind. Precipita tion. £ Total in Q 0 a .1! > M • ■Mi c . a ■- 32;S S3§ V a bi c 'c bi Inches. J si 2:2 03 rt - U D 3 S 0 > (U 0 0^ ~ 0 E c So c •5 c c X si 0 c en I 460 •359 85.5 s. 58 0-5 10 12 P 2 53-5 .625 89.5 s. 166 1-5 17 U A 4 A 8 p .10 3 52.5 •413 72.5 N.W. 130 I -5 17 2 P 4 54.0 .662 91.5 N.W. 67 I.O 14 7 f 10 p 12 P T 5 66.5 ■7'7 89s S. 199 3^o 24 9? 4 A 12 M .81 6 62.0 .4S0 93-5 S. 156 2-5 22 3 A 7 44-5 •293 79.0 N.N.W. 82 1.0 14 5 1^ II A 12 M T 8 36.0 .284 77 5 N.W. III I -5 17 4 H 9 3SO .275 75-5 N. 165 3^0 24 12 M (O 35-0 •237 84.0 s.s.w 45 0.0 — — 10 A 12 M .02 1 1 38.0 .278 83^5 N.W. 90 15 17 ■ 7 A 12 42.5 .401 75-5 S W. 49 0.0 — — '3 48.5 •377 96 0 S. 62 1.0 14 I p 2 P 12 P .21 '4 47-5 .368 9[.o S. 59 0.0 — — '5 3S.5 •274 87.0 W. 169 3.0 24 I p i6 36.0 •277 77^5 S.S.W. 100 2-5 22 3 P '7 46.5 • 340 925 w 148 5-5 33 6 P 6a 12 P 1. 00 t8 32.5 .1S6 800 S.E. 79 o^5 10 7 P 9A II A T T •9 33-5 .226 S7.0 N.E. 164 35 26 10 A 2 A 3 A .08 20 32.5 .196 95-5 N.N-E 32 0.0 — — 9 A U P .60 T 21 32-5 .216 84.5 N. 156 2 0 20 II A 22 32.0 256 76.0 S. 143 35 26 7 P 23 39 5 .304 81.5 w. ^35 0.5 10 2 P 24 34-5 .236 890 N.N.W. 37 0.0 — — 10 A 12 P 1.04 25 47-5 .410 850 S.W. 286 9.0 42 I P 0 A I P .80 26 290 .214 75-5 S.W. 1 86 15 17 0 A 27 285 • IQ3 84.0 N.E. 67 0.0 — — 28 32.0 .236 81.0 W. 75 0.0 — — 29 44-5 .360 80.5 W. 125 0.5 10 6p 30 41.0 •321 84.0 S.S.W. 43 0^5 10 4P I P T 31 41.5 •321 865 N.W. 134 1.0 14 7 P 10 A 9P •36 •*Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was more clondy than usual and a rather large precipation occurred . The first frost of the season occuared on the 9th, about three weeks later than usual, giving most crops ample opportunity to mature. On the 20th the average temperature was only two degrees above freezing. Later in the month the temperature was below the freezing point several times. The wind directions were much more variable than usual. On the 24th-25th the barometer fell more than an inch in 24 hours and the recovery of pressure was almost as rapid. On the 24th-25th the rainfall was nearly two inches. Some of the more important features of the several weather elements are as follows : The mean barometer was very low for the time of year and the range of pressure unusually large. The total wind movement was much less than the normal and only one gale was registered. The mean temperature wag slightly lower than the normal and the range about the usual amount. Early in the month an abnormally warm day occurred. The mean dew-point and relative humidity were both lower than their normals. The total precipitation was more than an inch greater than the normal, due to several rather heavy storms. Only two days were classed as clear and the number of fair and cloudy days was about the same. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist W. H. PARKIN, Observer. UBMRV or TH. JfasmnsedsA-rkL'ii '^MhLhiii. [(.(I ''•'(lege, ^t:iS, BULLETIN No. 455. NOVEMBER 1926 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W. Height of Ihiro meter above ground, jr ft. Above sea level, ^73-5 fi- Height oj Witui Instru7}teiits J2 ft. Time used, y^th A/er. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.24, 14th, 9 A. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.05, i6th, 4 p. Reduced maximum reading, 30.55, 14th, 9 a. Reduced minimum reading, 29.34,16th, 4 p. Mean semi-daily reduced 30.110 Monthly range 1.21 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 69.0, 16th, 2 P. Lowest 15.0, 12th, 7-30 A. 28th, 8 a. Mean hourly 38.9 Mean of means of max. and min 39.8 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 35. S Monthly range 54 0 Highest mean daily 62.3, i6th Lowest mean daily 24.5, 28th Mean maximum 49.8 Mean minimum 30.0 Mean daily range 19.8 Greatest daily range 35.0, loth. Least daily range 10.0,23d Hnmidity. Mean dew point 31.8 Mean force of vapor 238 Mean relative humidity 80.8 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitati(jii, in inches 5.38 Total snow, in inches \ Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 9 Wintl. Total movement 46c8m Greatest daily movement 441m, i6th Least daily movement 21m, i6th Mean daily movement 154m Mean hourly velocity 6.4ni Maximum pressure per squarefoot, i9.olbs = 62MI per hour, 16th, 2 P., S. Maxinuim velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per hour, i6th, 2 P., S. Prevailing direction. West Summary. South 20 per cent. Northwest 17 " " North Northwest i.5 " " Southwest 13 " " West 10 " " Other directions 27 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 49 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermoineter . . 209 hours = 70 per cent Number of clear days 2 Number of fair days 9 Number of cloudy days 19 Rriiiht Suunhiue. Number hours recorded, 89 — 30 per cent. Kaiii. 2d, 5th, 9th, loth, i6tli, iStii, 19th, 23d, 26th, 27th, 30th, Snow, 5th, loth, 23d. Frosts before the 16th, 5th. btli, 12th, Gnles. 38m, jth, S. W.: 40m, lotli, N. W.; 36m nth,'N. \V.; 62m, 16th, S.: 37m, 20th, W.: 49m, 24th. \V.: 50m, 27tii, N. \\'.: 35m, 29tli, DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. 'ox B s E a E S 'c3 S s ■o S3 c 3 3 c6 S S 4) s S E i rt <=' 11^ a :§ S s H S H OJ 0 Jm SJ^^ 2« I 30.12 29.97 30-093 535 4 P 270 7A 40-3 3S.9 33-0 0.0 2 30.08 2983 29.906 45-0 4 P 340 5A 39-5 37-4 36.0 9-7 3 30.08 29.91 30.044 490 2 P 31-0 0 A 400 38.5 34-7 0.0 4 30.12 30.05 30.099 45 5 2:30? 24.5 12 P 330. _ 33-5 28.5 2.0 5 30.09 29.85 29976 480 12:30 P 235 I A 35-7 37.0 34-7 7-5 6 30.20 30.09 30 129 540 3P 27.0 7A 405 40.5 36-5 I.I 7 30.27 30.06 30-193 63.0 3 P 38.0 7 A 505 483 440 6.7 8 30-35 30-27 30-336 62.0 3:30 P 36.5 3 A 49.2 464 43-7 6.4 9 30-30 29.56 29 882 65.0 10:30 P 39-5 3 A 523 49.0 48.7 00 lO 2992 29-43 29.636 64.0 0 A 290 12 P 46.5 45-9 40.3 0 0 II 30.35 29.92 30 199 360 2 P 240 12 P 300 29.1 24.7 0.0 (2 3054 30-35 30-505 42.0 3P 15.0 7:30 A '^5 27 7 24.5 7.0 '3 3052 3048 30,512 45.0 2:30 p 29 0 4 A 370 34-2 3 [.2 3-5 '4 3055 30.48 30527 40 0 3P 27.0 6 A 33-5 34-8 33-c 0 0 15 3048 30.04 30-316 620 4 P 39-0 0 A 50-5 48.7 470 33 16 3004 29-34 29 612 69 0 2 p 520 12 P 60 5 62.3 58.5 09 t? 30.28 29.92 30.163 56.0 3 P 350 12 P 45-5 47-1 398 78 i8 30-3''^ 30.02 30217 56 0 2 p 28 0 8 A _iio 41.9 38.2 4.0 '9 3C.02 29.S3 29 876 490 3P 340 10 P 4'-5 42.0 41-5 1-3 20 29.94 29.87 29.932 4'-5 2 p 31-0 7 A 365 348 31.0 4-5 2( 30.11 29-93 30.063 380 3 p 25-5 7 A 3'-7 32.1 30.5 2-9 22 30.27 30.11 30.208 420 2:30 p 28.0 6 p 350 32-4 28.7 4-7 23 30.20 30.14 30 185 42 0 3P 32.0 7A 37-7 3^-3 30-7 0.8 24 30.14 29.80 29.985 48.5 3:30 P 300 I A 39-5 37-7 32-3 0.5 ^5 3038 30.08 30332 42.0 3 P 25 0 8 A 33-5 32-4 265 65 26 3025 29-47 29.902 50.0 12 P 31.0 5 A 40.5 35-3 35-5 0.0 27 30.13 2940 29.738 5..0 5 A 2 t.o 12 P 360 37-4 34 7 0.0 28 30.46 30.13 30.438 340 3:30 P 150 8 a 245 245 18.0 7-9 29 30-33 30-13 30.208 50.0 3P 29.0 0 A 39 5 406 3^7 0.0 30 30-17 30.00 30.101 50.0 2:30 p 38.0 6 A 44 0 415 40-3 0 0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. P recipitation. (^ Total in Q 0 a > >> -2 60 • ^.1 £ 3 CT 0. c 'c ti Inches. 1 >> u u 3 1^ Sa,a; c/1 ^ j; 3 V £ a m c c a: i 0 c I 305 .19S 8S.5 S.E. 73 ! 0.0 1 2 350 .219 91.5 S. 56 0-5 10 10 A 8 A 12 M .16 3 32.0 .214 84.0 N.W.N. 92 I.O 14 8 p 4 24.0 •174 75 -o S. 168 I.O 14 4 i- 5 29.0 .230 70.5 W.N.W. 122 7.0 38 I p S A 9A T T 6 34-0 ■233 86.0 S. H5 30 24 5 1' 7 415 .3.0 85.0 S. 185 30 24 2 p 8 42.0 •3«2 885 N.N.W. 48 0.0 — — 9 i.o-5 .376 98.0 N. 44 5-0 32 9 p 8 A 12 P '•54 10 35-0 •3'4 70.5 N.VV. 360 8.0 40 8 p 3I' 4 I' T T IX 20.5 .148 77.0 N.W. 375 6.5 36 3 '• 12 20.0 .142 76.5 S.S.W. 74 0.0 — '3 28.S ..85 855 VV. 73 0.0 — — 14 29.5 .2tO 77-5 N. 21 0.0 — — IS 44.0 .365 87.0 N.E. 68 4-5 30 8p i6 57-0 ■544 87.0 S. 441 19 0 62 2 p 8 A 12 P •93 '7 36.0 .270 790 w.s.vv. 235 1-5 17 10 A i8 37.0 .252 960 S.E. 73 I.O 14 6 p 8 P 12 P •05 19 37-5 •244 91.0 N.N.W. 154 15 17 2 p OA 8 A 1. 00 20 24.5 .191 70.0 w- 186 7.0 37 2 1' 21 25.0 .180 73-0 VV. 214 35 26 2 p 22 23.0 ■174 74-5 s.w. 147 2.0 20 3 A 23 27 0 .1S8 78.0 N.W. 85 0.0 — — I A 3 A .02 \ 24 26.0 .209 685 S.W. 202 12 0 49 9 P 25 22.5 .156 81 0 s.w. 154 2.0 20 3 A 26 340 .218 905 s.w. 3y 30 24 1 1 P 10 A 12 P 1. 17 27 300 241 730 N.W. 322 12.5 50 12 M 0 A 9 A .02 28 ^■5 .122 47.0 N.W. 152 2.0 20 10 P , 29 36.0 .257 82.0 s. 228 6.0 35 8 A 30 395 .256 94.0 N.N.W. 102 3-5 26 I P 3 A 11 A •49 'Kain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was unusually cloudy, espec- ially during the mornings, and the rainfall was much above the normal. Several heavy rainstorms occurred and the ground water considerably increased. There was but little really low temperature and the ground was practically unfrozen throughout the month. There were three very marked fluctuations in baro- meter pressure, the fall and recovery of pressure both being unusually rapid. Several gales were recorded, some of consider- able intensity. The month as a whole was seasonable and pleasant for the time of year. The mean barometer was considerably above the normal and the range of pressure, while slightly less than usual, all occurred in about two days. The maximum and minimum barometer readings were not far from their nonnal \'alues. The heavy gales marked the time of low barometer. The total wind movement was about the usual amount while the wind direction was very changeable. The mean temperature was nearly nomial and the maximum about five degrees higher than usual, giving a rather larger range. Several rather rapid changes in temperature were noted. The mean dew point and relative humidity were both well above their normals. The total precipitation was about 60 per cent more than usual and most of it occurred during four heavy rainstorms. Much the greater part occurred during the latter part of the month. The amount of sunshine was abnormally small, nearly two- thirds of the days being classed as cloudy. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist W. H. PARKIN, Observer. LIBRARY or THE Massannisoiis .-^l,!'- ■ ' Pol lege, AMHERST BULLETIN No. 456. DECEMBER 1926 Meteorological Observations AT THE MASSACHUSETTS AGUICULTUIUL EXrEKlMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" \V. Height of barometer above ground, jr/A Above sea level, 2jj.§ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, y^t/^Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.29, 5th, i A. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.19, 29th, 2 A. Reduced maximum reading, 30.62, 5th, i a. Reduced minimum reading, 29.50, 29th, 2 A. Mean semi-daily reduced 30.095 Monthly range 1.12 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 43.0, ist,3P. Lowest -10.0, 27th, 7 A. Mean hourly 20.4 Mean of means of max. and min 20.1 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 18.0 Monthly range 53° Highest mean daily 37-8, ist Lowest mean daily , . . . 5-6, i8th Mean maximum .30.2 Mean minimum 10.0 Mean daily range 20.2 Greatest daily range 37°' 27th Least daily range 9°. 5th HumidKy. Mean dew point i4-5 Mean force of vapor 114 Mean relative humidity 78. 9 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 2.78 Total snow, in inches 224 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 10 Days of sleighing 27 Wind. Total movement 3645m Greatest daily movement 383m, 2d Least daily movement 12m, 27th Mean daily movement 117m Mean hourly velocity 4.9n) Maximum pressure per square foot, ii.o lbs= 47m per hour, 6th, 2 P., N. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per hour, 6th, 2 P., N. Prevailing direction, West, Northwest Summary. Northwest 22 per cent West 16 ' Southwest 16 " North 16 " South 13 ' Other directions 17 ' Weather. Mean cloudiness observed . . . . 52 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 153 hours = 54 per cent Number of clear days g Number of fair days 10 Number of cloudy days 12 Briiiht Suufihine. Number hours recorded. 130= 46 per cent. Kain.Sth, 24th, 28th. Snow, 3d, 5th, 6th, 8th, loth, 15th, 20th, 26th, 28th. Gales. 36m, ist, N. W.: 45m, 2d, W.; 37m, 4th N.: 47ni, 6th, N.; 35m, i7tli, N. W.; 35m, 22th, N. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to 0) Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. "Sic S s (4 E s 3 S 3 •0 V 3 2 e 3 3 C6 0) S V S ?! 5 rs 2 cv 6 Sf 0 S is SJ^ s H s H «) 0 s s^^ ^m I 30.00 29.74 29.813 43-0 3 P 30.0 12 P 36.5 37-8 35-0 0 0 2 30.21 29.81 30.095 30.0 0 A lO.O 12 P 20.0 19.8 15.2 7-5 3 3f^-30 29.95 30.168 26.0 6 p 8.0 6a 17.0 16.0 ,5.8 7-0 4 30.60 29-93 30.248 30.0 12 M 2.0 12 P 16.0 18.1 13-7 4-5 5 30.62 29.95 30.349 II.O 12 P 2.0 0 A 6.5 6.1 7-7 0.0 6 30.48 29.95 30.296 25.0 I P 6.0 12 P 155 15.8 13-3 6.4 7 3059 30.20 30.450 23.0 12 P -6-5 7A 8-3 10.6 10.5 5-7 8 30.20 29.91 30.008 38.0 5 P 23.0 0 A 305 30.1 31-3 0.0 9 30.38 30-14 30.14 29.79 30.336 29.918 34-0 27.0 2:30 p 3 P 10.0 15.0 8a 0 A 22.0 20.0 21.9 14.5 22.5 6-7 10 21.0 0 0 II 29.79 29.54 29.613 32.0 3 P 195 I A 25.7 25.0 27.7 0.0 12 29.97 29.59 29.857 41.0 2:30 p 16.0 12 P 28.5 28.7 22.7 7-5 13 29.97 29-73 29.825 29.0 12 p 12.0 6 A 20.5 21.3 22.3 0.0 14 30.10 29.65 29.856 42.0 1:30 V 21.0 12 P 3'-5 32.3 29.7 6.0 '5 30-23 29.96 30.137 25.0 4:30 p 8.0 9A 16.5 17.8 15.0 0.0 16 30,22 29.94 30.172 21.0 3 P lO.O 12 P 15-5 14.6 10.3 70 •7 30.23 3004 30 136 26.0 3 P 8-5 5:30 A 17.3 16.9 17.3 0.0 18 30.51 30.23 30.477 13.0 3 P 0.0 7 A 6-5 5.6 IS 7-5 •9 30.50 30.29 30-423 22.5 3 P 2,0 8 A 12.3 9-7 5.0 8.2 20 30-29 29.88 30.047 24.0 12 p 5-0 0 A 14-5 17.3 17-7 0.0 2( 29.96 29,84 29.902 41.0 2:30 p 21.0 5 A 31.0 300 29.0 I 5 22 30.26 29.94 30.0S2 37.0 2 p 18.0 12 P 27-5 28.7 25.3 4.0 23 30.51 30.26 30.466 34-5 3 P II.O 9 A ^iJiL 18.9 14.0 82 24 30.43 29.88 30.141 34-0 8 p 1-5 8 A 17.7 19.7 17.0 4.0 25 30.07 29.87 30.008 41.0 I p 29.0 12 P 35.0 35-0 32.7 7-5 26 30.26 29.87 30044 29 0 0 A 2.0 12 P 15.5 1S.2 13.0 30 27 3046 30.26 30.460 270 3 P -lO.O 7 A 85 6.3 -0.3 9.0 28 30.36 29-5- 29.952 32.0 6 p -30 4:30 A 14.5 17.2 19.0 0.0 29 2993 29.50 29749 360 2:30 p 19.0 12 P 27.5 29.7 26.5 5-0 30 30.05 29-93 30-034 31-0 2:30 p 5-5 7:30 A 1S.3 19.2 12.5 7-3 31 29.98 29.76 29.892 32.0 3P 14.5 6:30 A 233 23.0 20 0 6.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. f recipitatioii. Tol i>l ill 0 > M ■ ■~.2 c . i) m S 3 n 0) bit bi Inc lies. |_ « 5 V 0 V t) a (5 0 > 01 rt 2 >- ~ 0 1; '5i c •5 c d i 0 2 Sa, ^x *- = iQ HS.S ScuQ, SI ■'-• m U ai If) I 325 .252 82.5 s.w. 103 6.5 36 10 P 2 II. 0 .097 77-5 N.W. 3S3 9.0 43 7 A 3 12.5 .099 82.0 s. 122 «-5 17 8p 7P 10 P .12 li 4 12.0 .087 64.5 N.W. 182 7.0 37 3 V 5 5-5 .066 62.0 N. 193 2.0 20 II p n A 12 P •50 8 6 9-5 .086 53-5 N. 300 I I.O 47 2 p 0 A 3 A .04 i 7 3-5 .078 77.0 w- 62 1-5 17 II p 8 29.0 .184 880 w. 221 4.0 28 3 1" 5 A 10 A .01 T 9 13.0 •193 62.5 s.s.w. 32 ••5 17 2 A lO 21.0 .125 93-5 N.N.VV. bo 0.0 — — 5 A 12 P •34 3i II 23.0 .138 91.0 s. 25 1.0 14 10 A 12 17.0 •134 72.5 s.w. 96 1.0 14 I P 13 21.5 .126 71 0 N.E. 19 0.0 — — 14 27.0 •174 86.0 N.W. 95 35 26 2 1' '5 130 •093 90.0 W. 36 0.0 — 5 I" 12 ? .08 2 16 2.5 .078 66.5 N.W. 150 30 24 2 P '7 12.5 .104 765 S.W. 156 6.0 35 10 P 18 -5-5 .051 625 N.W. 266 4.0 28 10 P '9 0.0 .060 76.5 N.W. 178 3-5 26 2 P 20 16.0 .102 88.5 S. 51 15 17 II A 5 A 1 I P .06 li 21 27.0 .162 90.0 S.W. 33 1.0 14 2 P 22 20.5 .120 77-0 N. 153 3-5 26 5 '* 23 95 .089 76.0 N. 151 2.0 20 I A 24 135 .170 84 0 S.W. 97 25 22 4I' 3 I' 9P .01 25 29.0 .202 82.5 N.W. 148 3-5 26 6 A 26 II 0 .085 89.0 N. 188 6.0 35 2 P 4 A I I' •55 45 27 -50 .050 77-0 W. 12 0.0 — 28 17.0 .091 89.5 W. '3 00 — 7 A II P 1.07 • •i 29 23s .151 86.0 N.N.W. 22 1.0 M I p 30 9.0 .086 82.0 W.N.W. 19 0.0 — 3' 17.0 •115 82.S S. 59 0.0 •*Kain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following: day. Annual Summary for 1926. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, Minimum reduced to freezing, Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . . . Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, . • . Mean semi-daily reduced to freezing and sea-level, Annual range, . . 30.29, Dec. 5, J A. 2S.71, Oct. 25th, II A. . 30.62, Dec. 5th, I A. 29.00, Oct. 25th, II A. 29.981 1.62 *Air Temperature. In degrees Fahr. Highest, 100.0, July 22d, 3 P. Lowest -lo.o, Dec. 27th, 7 A. Mean hourly, 45-° Mean of means of max. and niin., 45-2 Mean sensible (wet bulb), 4i-3 Annual range, 110.0 Highest mean daily 82.7, July 21st. Lowest mean daily, 5-6, Dec. i8th. Mean maximum, 55-9 Mean minimum, 34-5 Mean daily range, 21.4 Greatest daily range 42.0. May 6th. Least daily range, 4-o. Feb. 22nd. Humidity. Mean dew point, 37-5 Mean force of vapor, 354 Mean relative humidity, 79-4 Wind. Prevailing direction, West Summary. North 10 per cent West 12 " South 17 " Southwest 10 " Northwest 16 " Other directions, 35 " Total movement, 49,840 m Greatest daily movement, . . . 441m., Nov. i6th Least daily movement, .... 9 m., Sept. 2Sth Mean daily movement, 137 m Mean hourly velocity, 5-7 ni Maximum pressure per square foot, 19.0 lbs.,= 62 m. per hour, Nov. i6th. S. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 42 m. per hour, Jan. 29th, W. N. W. Temperature in ground shelter. W. H. PARKIN Observer. Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 40.92 Snow total in inches, 7^ Number of days on which .01 or more rain or melted snow fell, 117 Weather. Mean cloudiness observed, 51 per cent. Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom- eter, 2274 hrs. =5 1 per cent. Number of clear days, 83 Number of fair days, 142 Number of cloudy days 140 Bright Sunshine. Number of hours recorded, 2188 hrs.=49 per cent Dates of Frosts. Last, May 6th First Sept. 24th Dates of Snow. Last April 27th First Nov. 9th Total days of sleighing, 77 Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour, Jan. 22d, 57m, N.W., 2Sth, 51m, VV.N.W.; 29th, 58m, W.N.W. July loth, 51m, N.W.: 22nd, 55m, N.W. Nov. 16th, 62m, S.; 27th, 50m, N.W. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. BULLETIN No. 457. JANUARY 1927 Meteorolooical Observations o AT THK MASSACHUSETTS r THC AGllIC U L T UUA L EXPEIU MeW "'"' STATION. L;Uiiude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" \V. Height of barometer above ground, 5^ fi- Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Ifistruments J2 ft. Time used, "j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maxiniiini reduced to freezing, 30.66, 27th, g a. Mininuini reduced to freezing, 28.99, 5th, 3 a. Reduced maximum reading, 31.00, 27th, 9 A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.30,5th, 3 a. Mean semi-daily reduced 30.126 Monthly range i Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 47.0, 29th, 4:30 p. Lowest -12.0, 27th, 6 a. Mean hourly 22.4 Mean of means of max. and min 22.7 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 19.8 Monthly range 59° Highest mean daily 39-4. 29th Lowest mean daily i.9. 27th Mean maximum .32.4 Mean minimum 130 Mean daily range i9-4 Greatest daily range 37°. 26th Least daily range 3°. 21st Humidity. Mean dew point 170 Mean force of vapor 128 Mean relative humidity 85.3 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 2.50 Total snow, in inches I'l Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell '4 Days of sleighing 3i Wind. Total movement 4618m Greatest daily movement 353"!. 7th Least daily movement 22m, 3d Mean daily movement 149m Mean hourly velocity * 6.2m Maximum pressure per square foot, 13.0 lbs = 51m per hour, 31st, 3 p.. W. N.W. .Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, m 3oper hour, 26th, 5 a., W. Prevailing direction, West, Northwest Summary. North 23 per cent Northwest i6 " " West Northwest 13 " " South 13 " " South Southwest 10 " " Other directions 25 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 55 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 174 hours = 59 per cent Number of clear days 8 Number of fair days 9 Number of cloudy days 14 Briiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded. 123 = 41 per cent. Rain. 4th, 15th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 2Sth, 29th, 30th. Snow, ist, 4th, nth, 15th, i6th, i8th, 23d, 2Sth. Gales. 35m, 5th, W.N.W.:42m,6th, W.N.W.; 41m, nth, N.: 50m, 15th, N.: 45m, i6th, N. W.; 45m, 26th, W.; 51m, 31st W. N. W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. a) ^ c Ox 3 S 5 •a S3 c ow Q £ is S H S 'c e 0% rt x' a 3cq get) d.Sf I 29.76 29.69 29-734 34-5 3 P 22.0 12 P 28.3 27-3 25-5 4-4 2 29.81 29.67 29,728 32.0 3P 15-5 8 A 32-7 20.4 17-3 6.9 3 29.85 29.72 29.808 27.0 3 P 8.0 II P 17-5 15. 1 10.5 5-6 4 29.85 29.32 29.542 34.0 9 P 9-0 0 A 21.5 22.0 25-5 0.0 5 29.41 29.30 29.362 37.0 2 p 24.0 12 P 30-5 31-7 21.0 2 8 6 29.60 29.38 29.490 28.0 10 p 20.0 10 A 24-0^ 24.3 22.5 39 7 30.19 2960 30.030 23.0 3 P 7.0 12 P 15.0 17.8 13-3 8.0 8 30-31 30.19 30.287 25.0 3 P -20 7A II-5 1 1 -3 6.7 8.1 9 30-25 30.05 30.169 22.0 3 P -5-0 8 A 8.5 7-4 8-3 8.0 lO 30.10 3004 30 139 23.0 4P 3-5 8:30 A 133 10.5 6.0 8.1 II 30.04 29.9.-. 29-5^3 25.0 8 P 8.0 0 A 16.5 19.1 20.7 0.0 12 30.64 30.04 30.494 29 0 3:30 P 6.0 2 P 17-5 17.0 n-3 8.5 •3 30.66 30-37 30-576 34.0 4 P -i.o 7 A i6^ 17-5 14.7 0.1 14 30.37 29.98 30.165 40.0 2 P 30.0 0 A 35-0 35-3 35-5 0 0 IS 29.98 29-73 29.854 33-0 0 A lO.O 12 P 21-5 20.2 17-5 0 0 i6 30.12 29.74 29.978 18.0 4 P 60 8 A 12.0 •10.2 5-3 7-1 '7 3023 30.12 30.196 27.0 4 P 9.0 T2 P 18.0 16 9 14-3 1.8 [8 30.-39 30-23 30.391 39-0 3 P 7.0 I A 23.0 24.9 24-3 4-3 19 30.36 30.09 30.201 44-0 SP 30.0 3A 37-0 35-8 36.C 0.0 20 30.40 30-12 30.344 41.0 OA 34-0 9A 37-5 37 4 37.5 0.0 21 30.42 3028 30.394 370 12 M 34-0 12 P " 35-5 35-3 35-0 0.0 22 30-41 30.10 30239 42.0 4 P 30.0 12 P 36.0 35 9 35-5 0.0 23 3C-5Q 30.25 30.440 30.0 0 A 180 9 A 24.0 21.5 20.3 0.0 24 30.36 30.24 30.303 340 4 P 9.0 8:30 A 21.5 20.2 13-7 7-2 ^5 30.28 30.12 30.200 38. 0 3P 5.0 8 A 21 5 22 0 15-3 8.7 26 30.84 30.12 30.609 30.0 3:30 A -7.0 12 P 11-5 10. 0 3-5 8.4 27 31.00 30-7 ' 30901 18.5 3:30 P -12.0 6 A 3-3 1-9 -1-3 8.8 28 3071 30.18 30.469 350 12 P 2.0 3 A -T^5 20.0 19-5 1.2 29 30.18 30.01 30.046 47.0 4:30 P 30.0 12 P 38-5 39 4 35-7 41 30 30.01 29.63 29.778 390 6 P 28.0 2:30 A 33-5 34.4 35-0 0.0 31 30.22 29-73 30.055 37.0 3 A 26.0 12 P 3I.5 31.6 27.5 6-5 DAILY SUMMARY. Huinidit y- Wind. P recipitation. iZ Total in 4) Q 0 3. > c . V 1/1 C 3 cr a c c bi Inches. 1 Q ^ ° rt « £ 3 ^ ••Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The most interesting feature of the weather, from a meteoro- logical standpoint, that was noted for the month, was the high barometer on the 27th. This record of 31.00 inches was the highest registered here since 1889, when the station was es- tablished. The minimum temperature for the Winter, so far, occurred at this time. The mean temperature, while higher than that of the preceding month, was considerably below normal, making the season, so far, one of marked severity. Sleighing continued throughout the month although it was considerably impaired by a thaw near the close of the month. The records of the several weather elements, compared with their respective normals show the following features of interest : The mean pressure was very high and the range of pressure unusually large, owing to the high barometer referred to above. The total wind movement was less than usual although several gales of moderate intensity were registered. The mean temperature was about two and one-half degrees below the normal and the maximum and minimum temperatures were both considerably lower than usual. The thermometer registered below zero on five different dates. The coldest day, the 27th, averaged but little above zero for the whole day. The 'mean dew point was nearly normal while the relative humidity was very high. The total precipitation was about an inch less than usual and nearly one-half occurred as snow. No storms of much intensity were noted. The month was more cloudy than usual. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist W. H. PARKIN, Observer. IX BULLETIN No. 458. FEBRUARY 1927 Meteorological Observations ^"^ ■^•"'- LIBRARY Of THE MASSACHUSETTS Ua^sacln^elt*^ A^^kuiinral AGRICULTUIUL EXPElllML^T'''*'"" STATION. Latitude, 42» 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' lo" W. Iffi^/if ofharomder above ground, ^r ft. Above sea level, 27 j.^ ft. Height oj Wind Ijistniments 72 ft. Time used, j^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maxinuim reduced to freezing, 30.12, sth, 10 a Mininumi reduced to freezing, 29.08, 3d, 12 v Reduced niaxinuini reading, 30.45, 5th, 10 A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.39,3d, 12 p Mean semi-daily reduced 30.040 Monthly range 1.06 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest Sj.o, 24th, 4:30 p. Lowest 7.0, 5th, 6 A. Mean iiourly 28.2 Mean of means of max. and min 28.7 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 26.3 Monthly range 48.0 Highest mean daily 37.5, 24th Lowest mean daily 13.9, 5th Mean maximum 36.3 Mean minimum 21.0 Mean daily range 15.3 Greatest daily range 28.0, 24th. Least daily range 5.5, i7tli Humidity. Mean dew point 23.3 Mean force of vapor 155 Mean relative humidity 85.3 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 2.62 Total snow, in inches 12 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 10 Days of sleighing 26 Wind. Total movement 4366 m per cent Greatest daily movement 506m, 4th Least daily movement 22m, 24th Mean daily movement i56ni Mean hourly velocity 6.5ni Maxinuim pressure per square foot. 45.0 lbs = 951" per hour, 3rd, 9 p., S. S. W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, m 42per hour, 4th, I A., W. Prevailing direction, West Summary. North West West Northwest 18 " " .Southwest 1 1 " " Other directions 32 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed . . . . 66 per cent I'otal cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 186 hours = 63 per cent Number of clear days 2 Number of fair days 14 Number of cloudy days 12 Briiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, iio=- 37 per cent. Itain.Sd, i6th, l8th, 25th, 26th. Snow, nth, 13th, 14th, 16th, i9tli, 20th, 2ist, 25th. Gales. 49m, 2d, W.N.W.:9;m, 3d, S. S. W.; 57m, 4th, \V.: 3Qm, 7th.W.N.\\'.; 41m, 12th, W.; 37m, 17th, N. W.; 44m, iStii, N.; 37m, 19th, N.E.; 57m, 20st N. E. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to c Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. o!c 3 E £ E 3 13 4) "5 E £ d1 E a £ i) oS c^^ K- c4 'c SS c4 E '£ £ 1 'i ■=' 5 - 0. ?^ 0 m Set; d.Sf Q s s ^■y> % H i H 0) CO .« oJ 0 ^ 2« I 30.38 29.99 30257 340 I V 25.0 6 A 29.5 29-3 28.0 2.8 2 30.19 29.82 30.004 40.0 9A 250 12 P 32.5 33-0 31-3 7.0 3 30.24 30-30 29.39 2939 29 859 30.105 41.0 430 12 P I A 19.0 16.0 6 A 12 P" 30.0 30-3 25.7 30-3 24.5 30 4 29.5 8.7 5 30.45 30.30 30.384 20.0 4 I' 7.0 6 A 135 13-9 II. 7 57 6 30.29 29.77 29.928 230 12 1* 12.0 7 A 17-5 17.2 16.8 0 0 7 30.27 2977 30.069 40.0 10:30 A 22.0 12 P 31.0 315 31.0 4-9 8 30.35 30.22 30.290 41.5 3 P 18.0 7:30 A 29.7 28.5 24.5 3-8 9 30-37 30.16 30.287 41.0 3 y 21.0 5 A 31.0 31.6 27.7 5.6 lO 30.16 3003 30.084 39.5 2 p 27.0 12 P 33-3 - 33 I 33-3 6.0 II 30-15 30.06 30.118 350 3 p 2t.O 8 A 28.0 25.9 22.7 5.8 12 30.20 29.9S 30.065 40 0 I p 22.0 I A 32.0 28.6 25.0 3-7 «3 30.38 30.20 30309 31.0 3 1- 16.0 8 A 23-5 25.1 20.7 3-8 M 30.22 29.80 29.970 31.0 2 p 23.0 7:30 A 27.0 27.0 26.5 0 0 IS 30-15 29.85 29.988 40.0 3 p 26 0 6:30 A 330 30.9 29.2 47 i6 30.21 29.83 30.066 38.0 2 p 18.0 8 A 28.0 29.6 24.2 5-3 '7 ^9-95 29.79 29.879 38.0 3 p 32-5 I A 35-3 34-8 34-5 0.0 i8 30.06 29.87 29.943 370 3 p 30.0 12 P - 33 5 33-5 34.0 0.0 19 30.39 30.04 30.306 25.0 3--30 P 17.0 7 A 21.0 21.4 2C.3 0.0 20 30.37 29.97 30.184 17.0 4P I 1.0 8 A 14.0 14.4 13.2 0.0 21 2997 29.77 29.830 260 5 P 12.5 DA 19.2 187 20.3 2.3 22 29.97 29.81 29.940 34-5 5 P 155 0 A 25.0 257 25.0 7-7 23 29.95 2976 29.818 48.0 3 P 28.0 0 A 38.0 37-2 34-5 5.0 24 29.99 29.79 29927 550 4:30 p 27.0 7 A 41.0 _ 37-5 31.0 7.8 *S 30.05 29.80 29.989 48.0 2 P 26.0 2:30 A 370 34.8 31-8 6.4 26 29.8c 29.44 29 502 37-5 II A 30.0 12 P 33-7 H-l 33.0 0.5 27 30.01 29.54 29.801 33-0 3:30 P 23.0 12 P 28.0 28.6 27.7 0.0 28 30.29 30.01 30.186 40.0 2 P 16.5 7A 28.3 28.1 23-7 9.9 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. (i> Q o > c t;'~ i^ rt 5 rt X rt ^ S rt V o $ Ml (ft ^ J- O 15s I 25.0 .162 83-5 2 27.0 .202 75.0 3 2S.0 .185 87.S 4 20.0 .146 76.0 S 7.0 .082 76.0 6 I6.S .096 lOO.O 7 27-5 .190 8r.5 8 22.5 .148 8r.s q 25-5 .164 845 (O 22.5 .182 65-5 11 20.0 •139 86.0 12 19s .150 72.0 '.3 16.S .122 81.5 14 255 .146 97 5 i.S 27-5 .167 92.0 .6 23.0 .148 90 0 '7 32-5 .203 95.0 i8 32.5 .2CO 930 19 16.5 .116 830 20 11.5 .082 91.0 21 195 .110 97.0 22 22.5 .140 88.0 2,3 33 5 .205 93-5 24 28.0 .188 85.0 2S .30 -S iSi 950 26 30-5 .196 835 27 25.0 .156 86.5 28 17-5 .146 68.5 W. 168 3-0 24 W.N.W. 3-10 12.0 49 S. 234 4S-0 95 W.N.W. 506 16.5 57 N. 137 1-5 17 N. 43 o.c — W. 184 7-S 39 s.w. 46 o.s 10 w. 33 0.5 10 W.N.W. 129 3-S 26 w. 76 0.0 — w. 2SI 8-5 41 N.W. 87 I.O 14 N. 84 1-5 17 N.W. 120 7.0 37 s.s.w. n5 25 22 N. 94 0.5 10 E.SE. 75 9-5 44 N.N.E. 347 7-0 37 N. 3S4 16.0 57 S.s.w. I S3 30 24 W.N.W. 124 2.0 20 E. 49 0.0 — S.W. 22 0.0 — E. 60 »S 17 S.W. 197 4.0 28 W.N.W. 222 .3-5 26 N. 116 1.0 14 10 p I p 9P 1 A 5 P 7 A 2 1' 2 p 12 M S V 1 A 2 P 3 1' 4 I' 12 M 11 P 10 P 1 A 2 A I A 9 f 2 A 7 P 3 P Precipitation. 4P 7A 9P 0 A 3 P 9:30 A 1 A O A 7 A 8:30 P O A 7 ? 12 P 10 P 10 P 1:30 P 11 A 6 P II A Total in Inches. •72 .24 •03 .18 .42 .40 .46 5 a 2 1 4 T **Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather for the month was less severe than that of Jan- uary and in many respects more seasonable. The temperature kept well above zero and the daily ranges were comparatively small. The precipitation during the first part of the month was very small. The first few days were very windy and numerous gales were recorded on the pressure chart. Some of marked severity. The total wind movement on the 4th, of more than five hundred miles, is a very unusual record for this station. The records of the several weather elements show the follow- ing features of interest: The mean barometer was practically normal while the range of pressure was only about two-thirds of the usual amount. The maximum barometer was unusually low for the time of year. The wind direction was quite variable with less than usual from the northwest quadrant. The mean temperature was about four degrees higher than the normal and the minimum temperature was more than fifteen. degrees higher than the average value for this record. Only four days had an average temperature below twenty degrees. The mean dew point was very high and the relative humidity about seven per cent more than normal. The total precipitation was about eighty per cent of the normal. A moderate amount occurring as snow. Sleighing continued through nearly the whole month. The amount of cloudiness was much greater than usual. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist W. H. PARKIN, Observer. iWPt '^'' Tttr BULLETIN No. 459. MARCH, 1927 Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGllICULTUKAL EXPEIIIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of hiiromeler above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2yj.j ft. Height oj Wind Instruments y 2 ft. Time used, j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.18, 12th, 8 a Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.09, 8th, 11 a. Reduced maximum reading, 30.49, 12th, 8 A Reduced minimum reading, 29.40, Sth, 11 A Mean semi-daily reduced 30-io3 Monthly range 1.09 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 74-0. •7th, 4 P Lowest 6.0, 2d, 6 A Mean hourly 37-7 Mean of means of max. and min 38.5 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 33.5 Monthly range f Highest mean daily 52.0, i8th Lowest mean daily 19.0, 3d Mean maximum 49-9 Mean minimum 26.9 Mean daily range 23.0 Greatest daily range 45.0, 17th Least daily range 5.0,21st Humidity. Mean dew point 28.1 Mean force of vapor 225 Mean relative humidity 75.2 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches i.';6 Total snow, in inches 2j Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 9 Days of sleighing none Wind. Total movement 4483m Greatest daily movement 505m, 3rd Least daily movement 34m, 16th Mean daily movement i4Sm Mean hourly velocity 6m Maximum pressure per square foot, 20.0 lbs = 63m per hour, 3rd, 10 a., N. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 36m per hour, 3d, 10 A., N. Prevailing direction, West Northwest Summary. Northwest 19 per cent West 13 " " Southwest 13 " " South 13 " " North 13 " " Northeast 10 " " Other directions ig " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed . . . . 46 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 182 hours = 49 per cent Number of clear days 10 Number of fair days 10 Number of cloudy days 11 Briiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded. iSS = 51 per cent. Bain. 6th, Sth, i8th, 20th, 21st, 26th, 27th, 30th, 31st. Snow, 20th, 26th, 27th. Gales. 49m, 2d, N.; 63m, 3d, N.; 53m, Sth, W.; 45m, 9th, W.N.W.; 39m, 30th, S.; 41m, 31st, W.N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced tc D Sea Level. Temperature Ground Shelter. 'olS S 3 E S £ 4) E 3 S 4J >■ c 4) "3 S2 c 3 3 OS "a 2s 'it E 'c S rt > 350 36-1 30.8 7-7 10 30.42 30.1 1 30.332 51.0 3 P 20.0 7 A 35-5 33-7 27.5 10.3 II 30.46 3042 30.464 61.0 4 P 21.5 7A 41.3 40.7 33-5 9-3 12 30.49 30-37 30.444 620 5 P 27.0 7A 44-5 42.6 36.5 6.5 13 30.39 30.17 30.289 68.0 3 P 39.0 5 A 53-5 51-3 46.8 6.8 •4 30.17 29.84 29.976 62.5 2 p 430 12 P 52-7 51.0 48.0 2.1 '5 30.19 29.94 30.163 59.0 4 P 37.0 12 P 48.0 46.4 40.8 99 16 30.20 30.10 30.162 69 0 5 P 28.0 7 A 48.5 46.8 36.8 10 0 t? 30.21 30.05 30.142 74.0 4P 29.0 7 A 5«.5 50.4 41.7 9.1 £8 30.13 29.89 30.022 62.0 3 P 42.0 7A 52.0 52.0 48.7 2-5 19 30.19 30.08 30.147 66.0 2:30 P 36.0 7 A 5'.o 51-7 42-5 8.1 20 30.25 30.09 30.212 52.0 I P 32.0 12 P 42.0 41.3 33-7 6.0 2( 30.09 29.70 29-739 37-0 8 P 32.0 0 A . 34-5 34-3 34-5 0.0 22 30.14 29.66 29.858 43-0 5 P 26 0 12 P 34-5 34.8 30. c 2.2 23 30.35 30.14 30.234 44.0 4 P 18.0 6:30 A 31.0 29.0 25-5 9-9 24 30.36 30.20 30.298 36.0 4 P 22.0 5 A 29.0 29.8 26.7 1.8 ^5 30.20 3001 30089 47.0 5 P 28.0 6 A 37 5 352' 29-3 8.9 26 30.05 29.85 29948 5'-5 2 p 25.0 6 A 38.3 36.7 32.7 7-5 27 30.18 29.87 30074 43.0 5 P 3t.o 7 A 37.0 36.3 36.5 2.1 ?8 30.26 30.18 30.246 53.5 2:30 p 27.0 6:30 A 40.3 3S.3 33.3 7-1 29 30.35 30.28 30.3.30 53-0 2 p 25.0 6 A 39.0 37-7 34-7 9.0 30 30.34 29.91 30.135 52.0 3P 26.0 6:30 A 390 39-4 34.0 1-9 3' 30.04 29-85 29.967 51.0 3 P 35.0 12 F 430 43.0 37.7 9.2 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Q O a > >> c « >1 ^ c << ^ rt "1 = rt Vq V o V U 3 a Sa. S^ SaiX Wind. a,Q HS.5 nj uC AMHKRST. JSiAiia, ~ BULLETIN No. 460. APRIL, (927 iMeteorolooical Observations MASSACHUSETTS AGlllCULTUlUL EXrElUMENT STATION. L:ititude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72" 31' 10" \V. Height of barometer aboTe _i^roun,i, 5t ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments Y2 ft. Time used, j^thAIer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. 'ressiire. In inches. Miixinuim reduced to freezing, 30.15, 15th, S A Mininuim reduced to freezing, 29.15, 29th, 6 A Reduced maximum reading, 30.46. 15th, 8 A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.46,29th, 6 A Mean semi-daily reduced 3o-o5; Mi>nthly range 1.00 Air ToiupernViii c Sea Level. Teni perature Ground Shelter. .« "1 S 3 E 3 £ 3 -a S c 3 S Ot/3 £ n! £ 'c 2£ £ 'P. £ s '£ 6 £ 0 s 1 i^ S^ S "1 3cQ S C a5 ^1 d.Sf q S S S^ S H i H 0) 0 IH :s^^ ^« I 30.09 29.92 30.002 49.0 1:30 P 31.0 5:30 A 40.0 40.2 38.0 4.1 2 30.06 29.90 30.003 47-0 3 P 30.0 7 A 38.5 38-9 36.5 1-7 3 30.36 30.06 30.279 480 3 P 28.0 6 A 38.0 37-9 32.5 8.0 4 3044 30-36 30.428 48.0 2:30 p 22.0 6a 35-0 35-3 31-7 6-5 5 30.42 30.08 30.275 390 I p 22.0 6 a 30.5 31-7 31.0 0.0 6 30.08 29.86 29.920 63 0 5 P 32.0 0 a 47-5 45-3 40.3 9-4 7 30.16 2981 29.997 47.0 3 P 31.0 12 P 39.0 40.9 33-5 7-5 8 30.34 30.16 30.284 49.0 3 P 26.0 6 A 37-5" 35-9 30.0 10.2 9 3035 30.07 30.191 55.0 3 P 24.0 6 A 39-5 40.2 37.C 107 lO 30.07 2990 29.988 46.0 3 P 31 0 6 A 38-5 37-8 34-2 10. 1 ii 30.02 29.85 29.920 58.0 5 P 29 0 4 A 43-5 43-8 37.0 II.O 12 30.07 29.84 29.961 b7.o 3 P 35-0 4 A 51.0 50.0 390 4.5 '3 30. iS 29.S6 30.034 53.0 5 P 330 12 P 43-0 45-4 362 104 14 30.42 30. iS 30-311 54.0 4 P 26.0 6 A 40.0 40.7 34.7 10.8 15 30.46 30.20 30.342 66.0 5 P 24.0 6a 45.0 45-8 38 0 10.7 t6 30.20 29.94 30.051 720 I 1^ 28.0 6a 50.0 547 44-5 6-4 '7 30.27 30.03 30.216 64 0 4 P 47.0 8 A 55-5 55-7 45.0 65 18 30.34 30 14 30.269 72.0 3:30 P 35-0 6 a 53-5 53.0 45 5 10 I 19 30.19 30.00 30.101 82.0 3:30 V 40.0 5 A 61.0 58-5 49-5 8.7 20 30.06 29.92 29.989 850 I P 45.0 6 a 65.0 64.4 55-0 8-3 21 30.15 30.00 30.084 80.0 2 P 46.0 6a 63.0 63.2 56.0 9-5 22 30.05 29.95 30.000 56.0 0 A 3S.0 12 p 47.0 47-9 45-7 0.0 23 30.16 29.98 30.064 51-5 2 I' 33.0 12 P 42.3 4 [.6 36-7 08 24 3023 30.14 30-204 47.0 4 P 280 6 A 37-5 37-3 32.7 4-8 -J5 3021 30.09 30.1S2 52.0 12 M 25.0 6:30 A 3S.5 37.8 33-7 6.2 26 30.18 29.76 29961 57-0 12 M 27.0 6 A 42.0 41. 1 37-3 18 27 29.76 29.53 29.589 57-0 2 P 390 6 a 48.0 46.5 42.7 0.9 28 29.65 29.53 29.623 57-0 5 P 38.0 6 A 47.5 46.5 39.5 10.5 29 29.77 29.46 29.604 560 4 P 37.0 6 A 46.5 45-9 39-3 8.4 30 29.86 29.77 29.841 61.0 3P 31.0 6 A 46.0 47-8 430 8-9 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. Precipit ition. t Total ill Q . 0 a. a > ll c . 4) in § 2; 2 bi c 'E 6C Inches. « « 5 Ji 0 ore sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure, in inclies. Maxi:mini i educed to freezing, 30.18, 21st. 11 A. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.24, 26th, 4 p. Reduced ma.ximum reading, 30.47, 21st, 11 A. 22d, lA. Reduced minimum reading, 29.53, 26th, 4 p. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.917 Monthly range 0.94 Air Tempernltire. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 75.0, nth, 4 p. Lowest 3r.o, 2nd,5:3o A. Mean hourly 53.2 Mean of means of max. and min 53.9 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 50.5 Monthly range 44-0 Highest mean daily 630, nth Lowest mean daily 42.0, 5th Mean maximum 64.8 Mean minimum 43.0 Mean daily range 21.8 Greatest daily range 36.5, 29th Least daily range 7.0, loth Iliiiiiidity. Mean dew point 47.8 Mean force of vapor 407 Mean relative liumidity 83.9 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 4 83 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 14 Wind. Total movement 3535m Greatest daily movement 279ni, 27th Least daily movement 35in, 25th Mean daily movement 114m Mean hourly velocity 4.7ni Maximum pressure per square foot. 7.olbs = 37m per hour, 7th, 2 p.N.N.W.,26th,6 A. S. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 24m per hour, 27th, 6 p., N. Prevailing direction. West Southwest Summary. .South 19 per cent Southwest 19 " " North Northwest 16 " " Northwest 13 " " East 10 " " Other directions 23 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 60 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 316 hours = 70 per cent Number of clear days o Number of fair days . . 11 Number of cloudy days 20 Briiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 137 = 30 per cent. Rain. 4th, 5th, gth, loth, 13th, 15th, i6th, 19th, 20th, 2ist, 22d, 23d 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, Thunder and Liiihinin£, 9th, 15th, i6th, 22d, 25th, 26th, 27th. Frosts, 2d. 3d. Gales. 37m, 7th, N.N.W.: 35m, 22d, S. S. W.; 37m, 26th, S.;35m, 27th, N.; 35m, 2Sth N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. 1 is " -^ nj 0) O 2 ifi> o j: oc/) I 29.92 2 29.81 3 29.96 4 30.10 s 30.08 6 30-05 7 30.18 8 30.27 9 30.15 lO 30-03 II 29.77 12 29.87 13 29.92 14 29.92 15 2973 16 29,70 «7 29.83 18 29.83 19 29.92 20 30.30 Z( 3047 22 30.47 23 30.03 24 3005 i"; 30.01 26 2964 27 29.76 28 30.GO 29 30.15 30 30.17 31 30.10 29.79 29.72 29.80 29 96 29.98 29.96 30.00 30.0S 29.93 29.70 29.63 29.77 29.82 29.73 29.58 29.61 29.72 29.61 29.SI 29-87 30.30 30.00 29.96 29.96 29.63 29.53 2963 29.72 30.00 30.06 29.78 29.889 29.808 29.S64 30.059 30044 30 01 I 30.076 30.198 30.070 29.898 29.700 29831 29.868 29.829. 29 610 29.670 29 765 29708 29.809 30.074 30.406 30.214 30.013 30.006 29.764 29.563 29.702 29.802 30.104 30.140 29-937 63.5 58.0 64 o 58.0 585 680 68.0 73-5 52.0 55.0 75.0 67.0 65.0 68.0 655 57-0 64.5 68. o 65 o 66.0 74.0 70.5 59-5 53.5 56.0 7'-5 59.0 66.0 745 730 73-0 3 P 36.0 2 p 31.0 2 p 32.0 10 A 43-0 5P 40.0 3 ^ 42.5 5:30 p 42.0 5 P 33-0 7 P 39 5 12 p 48.0 4 P 55.0 2 P 51 0 4 P 49-5 P.30.P 44.0 4 P 47.0 I r.30 A 42.5 3 P 44.0 5:30 p 430 6 P 40.0 3 P 43.0 4 P 37.0 4 P 50 0 10 A 48.0 5 P 46.0 2 p 470 2:30 p 47.0 2:30 p 47-5 5 P 40 0 5 P 38,0 3-30P 43.0 4:30 p 43-0 5:30 A 5:30 A 6a 12 P 6 A 6a 5:30 A 6:30 a 5:30 A 3 A 12 P 5 A 3 A 6 a 12 p 5A 6 a 4 A 5 ••30 A 12 P 5 A 5 A 12 P 5A 7 A 6 5:30 5 5 5 ■•30 4 49-7 44-5 48.0 50.5 49-3 55-3 55-0 53-3 45-7 5'.5 65.0 59.0 57.3 56.0 56-3 49-7 54-3 55-5 52.5 54-5 55-5 60.3 53-7 49-7 51-5 59-3 53-3 53.0 56.3 58.0 58.0 49-6 46.3 45-3 43-7 51-3 48.5 5[.o 47-3 42.0 42.7 55-3 50.3 54-9 48.C 53-2 47-5 47-2 45-5 Si.o 510 63.0 58.0 56.2 51.0 55-3 525 57-5 54.5 52.4 49 7 49 3 49 3 53-8 50.8 54-9 54 5 52.4 51-7 54.0 50.7 55-9 54.3 58.. 53-5 53-2 54-5 49.4 49.0 .509 505 57.3 Sb.5 S03 44.5 52.0 46.0 57-3 53.7 59-3 56-3 54-3 53.5 7-7 0.4 7-4 9-5 2.7 9-5 11.4 11. 0 0.0 0.0 3-5 1-7 2.2 6.0 2.6 1-4 43 I 6 2.8 2.9 7-5 50 0.0 0.0 CO 1-4 1.6 10.7 IC.8 1 1.1 0.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. Precipitation. u! Total in Q 0 a. > .5: -a ll £ 3 O- V p. bi: Inches. # rt - D ^ 0 S5s a) 0) 3 >■ 4) 4) i; 5>i 0 0'^ rt 2i ^ £ c ■5 c 0 a Sa, : aX ^:^X ia H2.H 3~a, Ssi; 5- QQ W X If) I 41.5 361 73-5 N. 125 55 33 4 P 2 40.5 3'6 82.0 N.W. 100 3-0 24 4 I' 3 45.0 410 72.5 N. N.W. 161 45 30 3 I' 4 44.0 365 79-5 E. 58 2.0 20 9A 7 A 12 P .05 5 41.5 286 9^-5 N.N.E. 61 0.5 10 8 A 0 A 12 P .21 6 43-5 414 77.0 S.W. 170 4-5 30 I p 7 40.5 423 60.5 N.N.W. 174 7.0 37 2 p 8 41.5 408 64.0 S.W. 124 4-5 30 8 p 9 44 -o 320 905 s. 8r 0.0 — — 8 A 12 P .11 lO 50.5 380 98-5 s. 36 I.O 14 6 p 0 A 11 P .66 ti 55-5 543 840 S.W. 143 2.0 20 2 p [2 47-5 431 76.S N.W. 104 1.0 14 6 p •3 50.5 434 85 0 N.W. 108 2.0 20 12 M 0 A U A .20 14 50-5 502 74.0 S. 76 2.5 22 8p '5 50.0 360 9S.5 E. 112 0.5 10 9 A 6a II F •35 16 48.0 369 92.0 S. 93 r.o 14 4 P II A 12 P ■73 '7 48.0 410 84.5 W. 174 1.0 14 4 P 18 53-0 451 89.5 S.W. 48 4-5 30 II A 19 50.5 405 93-5 S.S.W. 172 5-0 3~ 6 p 6p 8p .02 20 48.5 404 86.0 N.W. 67 0.0 — — 5 A 7A T 21 51-5 482 825 S.W. 93 0.5 10 9P 10 p 12 p T 22 5C5 466 80.5 S. 213 60 35 3 1' 0 A 2 A .01 23 540 433 97.0 N.N.E. 1^3 0.5 10 I I A 8 A 12 P .61 24 49.0 355 98.5 E.S.E. 36 0.0 — — 0 A 12 P .48 25 505 366 lOO.O S.E. 35 0.0 — — 0 A 9 P 1. 12 26 56.0 350 97.0 S. 97 7.0 37 6 A 4 P 12 P .11 27 40.5 331 80.0 N.N.W. 279 6.0 35 8 A 0 A 12 M •17 28 41.0 376 7r.o N.N.W. 247 6.0 35 3P 29 49.0 507 695 S.W 58 1.0 14 9 I' jC' 54-5 500 85.0 E. 94 1-5 17 3 '' i' 51-5 [ 444 86.5 N.N.W. 93 2.0 20 9 P **Rain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was very disappointing and the season's progress slow. Much cloudiness and generally low temperature were the most noticeable characteristics. The maximum temperature came early in the month and was about twelve degrees lower than normal. It was also considerably lower than the maximum for the preceding month. The last third of the month was very cloudy and the amount of precipita- tion large, giving a rainfall for the month of more than an inch greater than the normal. Much of the garden planting has had to be done over and aside from the grass, vegetation has made little progress. The mean barometer was considerably lower than normal and the range of pressure about the usual amount. The wind movement was more than a thousand miles less than usual, although several moderate gales were registered. The wind was more changeable than usual. The mean hourly temperature was more than four degrees below normal. The last frost at the station was early in the month. On the 21st light frost was reported on low land in the vicinity but no damage was noted. The mean dew point was about normal but the relative humidity was abnormally high. The large amount of rain has saturated the ground and the danger from forest fires greatly reduced. About two-thirds of the days were cloudy and not a single day recorded as clear. A clear day according to our scale being one with eighty per- cent or more of the possible sunshine for that date. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist W. H. PARKIN, Observer. UB«KRY or THt BULLETIN No. 462. AMHEiRSTtJUl^^. 1927 Meteorolooical Observations MASSACHUSETTS AGlllCULTUIUL EXPEIIIMENT STATION. L;\titude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' 10" W. Hei,^ht of barometer above ground, jr ft. Above sea level, 27J.5 ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J 2 ft. Time used, j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Mnximuni reduced to freezing, 30.01. 18th, S A Minimum reduced to freezing;, 29.33, loth, 7 P. Reduced maximum reading, 30.30, i8th,8A. Reduced minimum reading, 29.61, 10th, 7 p. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.9S2 Monthly range 0.69 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 8g.o, 23d, i p. Lowest 37.5, 2nd, 5:30 A. Mean hourly 62.4 Mean of means of max. and min 61.9 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 58. 6 Monthly range 5i-5 Highest mean daily 73.6, 23d Lowest mean daily 55.2, 15th Mean maximum 74.4 Mean minimum 49.4 Mean daily range 25.0 Greatest daily range 35.5, i6th Least daily range 8.0, iqth Humidity. Mean dew point 56.0 Mean force of vapor 573 Mean relative humidity 80.2 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3,37 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell i M'ind. Total movement 3475m Greatest daily movement 242ni, 6th Least daily movement 45m, 3d Mean daily movement ii6m Mean hourly velocity 4.8ni Maximum pressure per square foot, 13.0 lbs = 51m per hour, 5th, 3 P. S.S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per hour, 15th, 2 p., S. Prevailing direction, West Northwest Summary. South 20 per cent North 17 " Northwest 13 " Northeast 10 ' West 10 ' South Southwest 10 ' Other directions 20 ' Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 48 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 256 hours = 56 per cent Number of clear days i Number of fair days 16 Number of cloudy days 13 Briiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 201 = 44 per cent. Rain. 4th, 5th, loth, 12th, 14th, 15th, igth,22d, 23d, 25th, 26th, 27th, 2Sth, 29th, 30th. Thunder and Litihtninii. loth, 15th, 33d, 25th, 27th. Hail. 15th. Gales, 35m, ist, N.: 35m, 4th, S.; 51m, 5th, S.S.W.: 38m, loth, N.E.; 39m, 15th, S.: 36m, 25th, S.; 36m, 27th, S. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature, Ground Shelter. ^'£ E £ 3 E 3 £ 3 XI S3 c 3 3 Ot/3 s C^ £ aj E 9J 0 s cS=« *£ (»1 s Ss 'J? E c £ ^d = U- S CaJ 6.£f Q s i s^ s H g H 1) ni ._< 4) 0 t, S,^^ =^« I 30.02 29-75 29.847 69.0 5:30 P 43 -o 5 A 56.0 57-3 54-0 7-4 2 30.04 29.9s 30.016 69.5 5 P 37.5 5:30 A 53-5 55-9 53-5 9.4 3 30.20 30.04 30.133 74.0 5:30 p 39.5 5 A 56.7 57-6 55.0 9-7 4 30.20 29.77 29.990 69.0 0:30 p 390 6a 54.0 56.3 54-7 6.5 S 29.98 29.74 29.796 7S.0 2:30 p 50.0 12 P 64.0 60.8 55-2 8.2 6 3015 29.98 30.X22 69-5 3 P 45.0 5A 57.3 57.1 5i'-o II. 0 7 30.12 29.96 30040 75-5 2:30 p 45.0 5:30 a 60.3 6i.o 58.C 9-7 8 30.02 29.96 30.000 78.0 4 P 47.0 6a 62.3 65.2 02.0 10.7 9 29.98 29.88 29.925 80.5 2 P 55-5 5 A 68.0 69.5 66.5 7-1 lO 29. 88 29.61 29 676 87.0 4 P 63.5 5 a 75-3 73.0 72.5 9.0 II 29.72 29.61 29.654 79-5 2:30 P 60.0 12 p 69.7 68.7 64-3 II.O 12 2993 29.69 29.848 69-5 0:30 P 49.0 12 p 59-3 59.3 55-7 2-3 '3 30 02 29.92 29.942 75-5 2:30 P 44.0 5A 59-7 613 57.0 II.8 14 30.02 29.86 29.949 62.0 4 P 52.0 12 P 57.0 57.8 55-5 0.0 «5 30-05 29.83 29.850 67.0 6 P 45.0 5:30 A 56 0 55.2 55-5 2.2 16 30.18 30.05 30.100 74-5 2 P 39.0 5 A 56.7 58.0 54-5 9-7 '7 30.29 30.18 30.209 75.0 1:30 p 49.0 4:30 A 62.0 63.S 61.0 57 18 30.30 30.18 30.252 76.5 2 p 46.0 5 A 61.3 64 0 53-5 95 19 30.18 30.01 30.089 61.0 6 p 53.0 6 A 57.0 580 56.3 0.0 20 30 01 29.94 29.965 72.5 5P 56.0 5 A 64.3 638 57-7 5.6 21 29.97 29.S9 29.938 83.0 3-.30 P 50 0 5:30 A 66.5 67.5 61.3 12.5 22 29-Q7 29-85 29904 79-5 I p 52.5 6 A 66.0 69.8 68.0 4.0 23 29.86 29.75 29.817 89.0 I p 65.0 12 P 77.0 73-6 68,5 5-5 24 30.11 29.83 30.072 760 5 P 50.0 12 P 63.0 63-9 56.0 11-3 ^5 30. TO 29.89 29.999 76.0 2:30 p 47.0 2 A 61.5 61.0 58.7 3-5 26 30.00 29.77 29.827 70.5 I p 53-0 12 P 61.7 631 60.7 0.7 27 30.20 30.00 30.113 7S.0 10 A 47.0 5 •■30 A 62.5 63.6 57.7 10. 1 28 30.25 30. 1 8 30.213 72.0 I P 49-0 5:30 A 60.5 61 0 57.3 2.4 29 30.18 30.06 30.090 70.0 3 P 55.0 6 A 62.5 61.0 5S.3 0.5 30 30.13 30-05 30.C92 74.0 4:30 A 54.5 6 A 64.3 62.9 58.5 4-3 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. Precipitation. u, Total in Q 0 a (4 > •-:h 11 c . 4) in 2 D rt c 5 o- 0, 'c bi Inches. t Si : *> " 0 lU 4) 3 '5 0 5^1 rt 2 ■- tn u — 0 c '■5 c c 'rt 3:' 0 ^ Sa, 2 5il. Ssi=: ia r<5.5 Sa,ai )al? H m W Qi trt I 51.0 475 80.0 N. 212 6.0 35 12 M 2 50-5 472 78.5 N.W. 89 3-5 26 3 P 3 52-5 497 80.0 N.W. 45 0.0 — 4 53-S 458 91.0 s.s.w. 114 60 35 4H 5P 12 P .42 5 525 520 730 w. 180 13.0 51 3 ^ 3P 6p .22 6 45.0 482 63-5 W.N.VV. 242 5-5 33 I P 7 54-5 573 74.0 S.S.W. 143 3-5 26 6 p 8 59.0 668 75-5 W. 92 I.O 14 8 a 9 64.5 742 81.5 s.w. 143 I.O 14 12 M lO 71-5 858 895 s. 190 7.0 38 8 p 8 p n p 1.02 II 62.0 691 820 N.W. 68 4.0 28 4 P 12 54-5 484 87-5 N.N.W. 120 2-5 22 10 A 4 P 5 P T 13 53-0 565 71-5 N. 99 1-5 17 8 p 14 54.0 478 87.0 N.W. 57 0.5 10 7 P 8 A 3P .02 15 53-5 489 83.0 S.S.W. 80 7-5 39 2 P II A 12 M .08 i6 51S 494 76.5 N. 66 1.5 17 I P '7 58.0 638 75-5 w. 50 0.0 — i8 47.0 546 6.5 S 96 2.0 20 I P 19 S5C 475 91-5 N.E. 79 I.O 14 6 I' 0 A 5P •37 20 55-0 574 77-5 N.E. 184 3.0 24 12 M 21 57-5 664 710 N. 109 I.O 14 II A 22 67.0 755 86.0 S. 137 4-5 30 I P 3 P 4P T 23 68.0 722 94-0 S. 89 1-5 17 6 p 6 P 8:30 P .12 24 50-5 569 655 N.N.E. 135 2.0 20 12 M 25 565 556 83.0 S. 1^3 6.5 36 4 P 8 P 12 P •55 26 59.0 581 86.5 E. 147 2.0 20 2 P 0 A 12 M .26 27 53° 592 78.5 N. 122 6.5 36 6 p 5:30 P 6 P .01 28 54-5 5^7 82.0 NE. 49 0.0 — — 3 P 12 P .01 29 57-5 515 92.0 S.S.E. 76 0.5 10 II A 0 A 12 P .24 jG 57-0 530 87-5 S. 49 0.0 C A 4 A .05 'Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS While the records of the several weather elements show no very abnormal features, the weather as a whole was far from normal. The humidity, temperature and cloudiness conspired to make the month more or less unpleasant. The temperature rose above eighty degrees on only four days and the mean hourly temperature was below sixty degrees on one third of the days. The last third of the month was very cloudy and rainy although the total rainfall was not large. The barometer records were generally about normal and fluctuations of pressure were generally small and unimportant. As a result of the sluggish barometer the wind movement was a little less than normal. Several gales were recorded, due to shift- ing of wind direction in several cases. The wind direction was quite variable. The mean temperature was nearly four degrees lower than usual and the maximum failed to reach ninety degrees. The minimum temperature was about two degrees below the normal for this feature and light frost was reported on low lands in this vicinity on the 2d and 16th. Considerable hail fell for a short time on the 15th about noon but as there was but little wind at the time no damage resulted. The total precipitation was slightly more than normal and much of it fell during rather light showers the last part of the month. The mean relative humidity was very high for the time of year. The mean dew point was practically normal. The amount of sunshine was much less than usual and nearly one half the days were cloudy. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist E. H. WHEELER, Acting Observer. LI' M BULLETIN No. 463. ^_^_^^tU_u It 1 1 r a \ JULY, LQl^^^t Meteorological Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Hei'i^ht of barometer above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj IVitiil Instruments 72 ft. 2'ime used, y^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. PressuTe. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.01, 21st, 11 A. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.45, 24th, 5 p. 29tli, 3 P. Reduced maximum reading. 30.30, 21st, 11 a. Reduced minimum reading, 29.73, Z4th, 5 p. 29th, 3 p. Mean semi-daily reduced 29.969 Monthly range 0.57 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 91.0, 13th, 2-30 P. Lowest 43.5, 5th, 6 A. Mean hourly 69 6 Mean of means of max. and min 70.6 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 67.2 Monthly range 47.5 Highest mean daily 78.3, 14th Lowest mean daily 60.0, 5th Mean maximum So. 4 Mean minimum 60.S Mean daily range ig.6 Greatest daily range 33.0, 9th Least daily range 6.0, 23d Humidity. Mean dew point 65.9 Mean force of vapor 726 Mean relative humidity 88. 8 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3 40 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 14 Wind. Total movement 3426m Greatest daily movement i77iT>, 4th Least daily movement 36m, 26th Mean daily movement 112m Mean hourly velocity 4.7m Maximum pressure per square foot. lo.o lbs = 44m per hour, 13th, 4 p. S.S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 27m per hour, 13th, 4 p., S.S.W. Prevailing direction. South Southwest Summary. South 39 per cent Southwest 16 " " South Southwest 13 " " Other directions 32 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 60 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 256 hours = 55 per cent Number of clear days 3 Number of fair days 22 Number of cloudy days 6 Briiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 206 = 45 per cent. Rain. 3d 6th, 7th, loth, 12th, 13th. 14th, 15th, i6th,i7th, iSth, 20th. 23d, 27th, 29th, 31st. Thunder and LiiihtninA, 7th, I2th, 13th, 14th, 15th, i6th, 20th, 27th, 29th. Galea. 44m, 13th, S.S.W. DAILY SUMMARY Barometer Reduced to Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. S E >, E £ ^ S3 c 3 3 3 'rt 3 3 ts ■^-i c Hi's OC/) E >< £ 'S £ '5 4) £ E ■£ 6 E 0 rt 5- 1-' rt 3 (rt get; a S S 5; V S p s H OJ 0 k« %S^^ ^5 I 30.10 29.91 29.981 74.0 12 M 51-5 4 A 62.7 65.7 61.3 7-5 2 29.91 29.84 29.887 78.5 4:30 P 62.5 5:30 A 70.5 70.8 68.0 6-5 3 2984 2974 29-771 86.0 4 P 64.0 3 A 75-0 71.8 69.5 8.0 4 30.07 29-85 299S7 70.0 3:30 P 50.0 12 P 60.0 60.9 56-3 6.4 s 30.11 30.04 30.071 74.0 5 P 43-5 6 A 58-7 60.0 5(3-3 8.0 6 30.09 29.99 30 039 75-5 2:30 p 44-5 5:30 A 60.0 62.9 60.3 7.0 7 29.99 29.74 29.S0I 80.0 3 P 60.0 3 A 70.0 67.7 65.0 2.0 8 30.12 29.74 29.965 77-0 4:30 p 58.0 12 P 67.5 67-3 62.7 80 9 30.22 30.14 30.213 82.0 5 P 49-0 5:30 A 65.5 66.8 62.3 I I.I 10 3023 30.10 30 160 69.0 5 P 61.0 6 A 65.0 65.0 64.0 0.0 II 30.1 1 30.02 30.060 81.0 5:30 P 64.0 6 A 72.5 7'-3 68.3 10.5 12 30.07 29-93 29991 87.0 3:30 p 64.0 4 A 75-5 72.6 70.3 6.8 '3 29.99 29.87 29-931 91.0 2:30 p 64.5 4:30 A 77-7 75-1 71-5 6.1 14 2g.89 29.79 29.844 90 0 2:30 p 70.0 5 A 80.0 78.3 76.7 67 15 30 00 29.8g 29-955 85.0 I p 71.0 6 A 7S.0 75-5 73-5 45 16 30.09 29.98 30.056 86.0 1:30 p 72.0 5 A 79.0 75-5 74.0 6.8 17 30.07 29.94 29.996 81.0 4:30 p 70.0 5 A 75-5 74-4 72.5 39 (8 29.98 29.91 29 962 860 2:30 p 67 0 12 P 76.5 74.3 71-3 76 19 30.04 29.99 30.014 79.0 5 P 62.0 6 A 70.5 68.9 65-3 6 7 20 30.20 30.04 30.135 81.0 2:30 p 61.0 6 A 71.0 69.5 68.7 6.2 21 30-30 30.20 30.277 84.0 4:30 p 57-5 6 A 70.7 69.4 67.0 6.4 22 30.28 30.01 30.136 78.0 3 P 63.0 5A 70.5 69-3 67.0 8-5 23 30.01 29.78 29871 70.0 I p 64.0 4 A 67.0 66.8 67.7 0.0 24 2980 29-73 29744 78.0 4:30 p 64.0 0 A 71.0 71.0 67.5 1 0.0 ^5 29.97 29.7S 29.793 79-5 5:30 P 62.5 5:30 A 71.0 70 I 69.0 9-4 26 30.04 29.96 30.C01 845 3:30 P 55-5 6 A 70.0 705 66.0 9.9 27 29.99 2992 29.916 82.5 3:30 p 60 5 6:30 A 71-5 69.8 65.0 6-3 28 29.97 29.89 29.927 82.S 3:30 P 59.0 6 A 707 71.2 68.5 90 29 2990 29-73 29.788 86.0 2:30 p 66.0 6:30 A 76.0 73-2 70.0 6.2 30 29.95 29.83 29937 83-5 2 p 59.0 6:30 A 71-3' 71. 1 67.7 10.5 31 29.94 29-75 29-835 73-0 6 p 65-5 7 A 69-3 69.8 69.0 0.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidit f- Wind. ¥ recipitation. u, Total in Q 0 a. > ij c . 1) in 5 — E (u rt S ^ 3 c 3 cr 4J a bi c 'c bi Indies. ; rt c -^ c "0 i ; 41 i 0 S5h D 0 3 > OJ V >- rt aj ^ " 0 6 c 5d "5 c c 'rt 0 ^ Si> s S:ii = a:a -^S.5 Sa.a. "sS:^ ■'-' CQ W X ^ 1 57-5 621 77-5 N.E. 124 2.0 20 I P Z 65-5 792 80.5 E. 163 2.0 20 12 M 3 68.5 778 90.0 N. 1 04 30 24 6p 5 P 6 p .02 4 54.0 494 86.0 N.W. 277 5-5 33 8 p 5 52-5 540 730 W. 133 4-5 30 9 A 6 57-5 606 79° S. 94 2.5 22 5f^ 4 P 8 p T 7 64.5 63s 95.0 S. 210 3.0 24 I A 3 P 12 p •37 8 60.0 638 83.0 W.S.W. 157 J -5 17 4 P 9 59-5 647 800 s. 38 0.5 10 8 P lO 63.0 6.5 93 5 N.N.E. 65 0.0 — — 4A 12 M .05 II 67-5 757 90.5 s. 63 I.O 14 6 P 12 70.0 771 950 s 114 4-5 30 3 P 5 P 6:30 P .04 •3 72.0 816 92.0 s.s.w. 94 10 0 44 4 P 3:30 p 4 P .06 14 76.0 969 935 s. 163 5-0 32 12 M 8 P 12 P •15 •5 73-0 863 94-5 s. 106 '•5 17 8 P 0 A 3P •15 i6. 73-5 874 945 s. 136 2.0 20 II A 12 M 8? .46 '?" 7'S 852 91.0 s.s.w. 169 4.0 28 6 P 4 P 5P •03 .8 70.5 816 90.5 s.w. "9 2.5 22 0 A o:3oA 2 A .05 '9 635 677 87.S w. 40 0.0 — — 20 685 743 92.0 N.N.W. 68 CO — — 5 P 6 P .04 21 66.0 696 930 s.w. 45 0.0 — — 22 65.5 728 870 s. 1 06 0.0 — — 23 68.0 696 96.5 s. 102 3-0 24 2 P 9 A 1 1 130 P •53 24 660 749 84-5 ss.w. 152 2.0 20 II A ^5 67.0 784 86.5 s.w. '37 1.0 14 II A 26 65 0 686 90.5 s. 36 0.0 — — 27 64.0 655 91.0 s. 80 1.0 14 7 P 0:30 p 4:30 P T 28 -67.5 750 92.0 s.w. 71 1-5 17 2 P 29 69.5 866 90.5 s.s.w. 100 0.5 10 9 A 3:30 P 8 p .05 30 66.0 762 «3-5 s.w. 60 0.0 — — 3' 69-5 1 717 985 S.S.E. 100 0.5 10 4P 3:30 A 5 r^ 1.40 •*Rain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during the month was far from normal in some respects and nearly normal in other features. The first third of the month was rather cool and the most pleasant. The middle third was marked by light precipitation nearly every day and very high humidity. The last third had fewer showers but more than one-half the precipitation occurred during this period. This was due to the heavy rain on the last day of the rnonth. An examination of the wind direction shows that for more than one-half the time the wind was practically south and the relative humidity extremely high. A large amount of cloudiness was also recorded. The weather as a whole was much more sultry than usually occurs in August. The barometer record presented no unusual features. The temperature was a little lower than normal. The maximum temperature reached ninety degrees on only two days. The minimum temperature was about two degrees lower than usual. The mean dew point and relative humidity were the out- standing abnormal features. The mean dew point was about four degrees higher than usual and the mean relative humidity about 15 per cent above the normal and much higher than any previous record at this station. The total precipitation was about an inch less than usual. Heavy showers in surrounding towns resulted in only a light rain- fall here, in several instances. The total wind movement was rather small and only one gale was registered. The amount of cloudiness was large and about two-thirds of the days were recorded as fair. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist E. H. WHEELER, Acting Observer. IX BULLETIN No. 464. AUGUST, 1927 Meteorolooical ObseivaUQ]]s -^^^y or tiii- MASSACHUSETTS AGIIICULTUIUL EXrERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" W. Height of ha ro meter abcme ground, ^T ft. Above sea level, 2yj.^ ft. Height oj Wind Instrutnents 72 ft. I'iine used, y ^th Mer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressure. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, s«.o7. 26th, 8 p. Minimum reduced to freezing, 29.41, 24th, 12 m Reduced maximum reading, 30.36, 26th, S p Reduced minimum reading, 29.70, 24th, 12 M Mean semi-daily reduced 29 997 Monthly range 0.66 Air Temperntiire. In Degrees Fahr. Highest 82.5, ist, i p Lowest 44.C, 25th, 5-30 A. Mean hourly 64 6 Mean of means of max. and min 64.9 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 61.3 Monthly range 38.5 Highest mean daily 74-i. Sth Lowest mean daily 54-8, i8th Mean maximum 75.3 Mean minimum 54-6 Mean daily range 20 Greatest daily range 33.0, 4th, 25th I,east daily range 8.0, i8th, 2jd Humidity. Mean dew point 60 7 Mean force of vapor 5S7 Mean relative humidity 87.3 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 3.01 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 14 Wind. Total movement 2Si8ni Greatest daily movement I75ni, 27th Least daily movement 32m, 4th Mean daily movement gim .Mean hourly velocity 3.8m Maximum pressure per square foot, 5.olbs = 32m per hour, 24th, i r. N. .Maximum velocity for 5 misubes, 21m per hour, i6th, 9 a., N. Prevailing direction, Southwest Summary. South 40 per cent Northwest 13 North Northeast 13 Southwest 10 South Southwest 10 Other directions 14 Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 55 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 232 hours = 54 per cent Number of clear days 4 Number of fair days 16 Number of cloudy days 11 Briiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded, 197 =r 46 per cent. Kain. 1st, 5th, Sth, gth, 12th, 13th, 14th, iSth, 2ist, 23d, 24th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th. Thunder and Liithtninii, ISt, 5th, Sth I2th, 13th, 31st. Gales, None. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to Sea I.evel. Temperature. Ground Shelter. "Sic B 3 3 >< ■« s 3 S 3 S3 c 3 3 0(/) s V S ?^ S rt 3ca Q s i 5 u "*[/} s H g H = .2 Si 0. c 'c tc Incites. J_ Q So, % 5 Hi V u 3 Sail rt 0 £5 Sis rt a> >- " w m " 0 V c To t).-S >T3 c a> C -i-!'- >. rt = ■■^ a rt t« C ti 92 .5 55-0 492 95.0 60.0 601 88.0 51.0 462 81.5 57-5 500 97.0 5S.5 547 89s 56.5 5.6 90.0 51-5 434 90.5 56.0 462 98.5 58.0 544 92.5 61.5 SSb 1 00.0 55.0 445 98.5 50.0 3«5 95-5 49-0 390 90.5 50.0 .392 93-5 45-5 360 870 44.0 3«3 81.0 48.5 43« 82.0 49-5 425 73-5 47-5 403 81.0 59.0 S42 91.5 55.5 692 91-5 E.N.E. S.S.W. S. E. N.E. S.S.W. s. N.N.E. S.S.W. S.S.W. w. N. S.S.E. N. W. E. N.E. S S. S.S.E. S.S.E. S.W. N.N.E. S. S. S.S.E. S. E. S S S.S.W. 109 172 63 150 62 50 42 119 47 91 172 142 36 56 no 44 33 91 58 37 69 55 63 38 61 96 76 47 140 186 4.0 2-5 0.0 3-5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 CO 2.0 6.0 1-5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3-0 1-5 0.0 0.0 0.0 i.o 0.0 0-5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1-5 3-5 3 A 4 A 11 A 6 P 12 M 10 A II P 3 A 7 P 3 P 2 P I V 7 A I A 9A 10 A S:30A I A 8 p II P •05 3 P 4:30 p 9 A •99 T T 1-57 ••Rain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The weather for September was nearly normal in most respects giving a marked contrast with that of July and August. High humidity and much South wind however were much in evidence. Many foggy mornings were noted which made the relative hu- midity very high. Precipitation occurred on comparatively few days although two storms were very heavy. There was very little thunder and lightning in marked contrast with the preced- ing two months. No frost was noted at the station although frost on low ground in the vicinity was reported on several dates. The records of the several weather elements show the follow- ing features of interest : The mean barometer was a very little lower than usual and the range of pressure about ten per cent more than normal. The mean temperature was nearly normal and the maximum temperature, while more than two degrees less than usual, was higher than the August maximum. The minimum temperature was about two degrees higher than the average value for September. The mean dew-point was nearly norm.al and the relative humid- ity about ten per cent more than the average value. The total precipitation was about seventy per cent of the normal and more than one-half of it occurred during the heavy storm of the 19th. The total wind movement was about three-fourths of the usual amount and the prevailing direction very unusual for this station. The amount of sunshine was large and the cloudy days com- paratively few. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist H. BAUMGARTNER, Acting Observer. BULLETIN No. 466. OCTOBER, 1927 Meteorological Observations o AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGllICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" \V. Heitrht of barometer above ground, §1 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.j ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J 2 ft. Titne used, J^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. 'ressiire. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, 30.05, 31st, 6a. Minimum reduced tofreezino;, 28. S3, 20th, 2 f- Reduced maxinuim reading, 30.37, 31st, 6 a. Reduced minimum reading, 29.13, 20th, 2 p Mean semi-daily reduced 29.974 Monthly range 1.24 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest S9.o,2d. 3P. Lowest 24.0, 31st, 7 A. Mean hourly 53.5 Mean of means of max. and niin 54.0 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 49.1 Monthly range 65.0 Highest mean daily 72.8, ist Lowest mean daily 41. S, 30th .Mean maximum 65.9 Mean mininunn 42 Mean daily ran.ge 23.S Greatest daily range 42.5, 26th Least daily range 7.0, 9th Humidity. Mean dew point 46 2 Mean force of vapor 397 Meanrelative humidity S5.3 Preriiiitatioii. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 4.59 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 8 Wiii.l. Total movement 4oS2m Greatest daily movement 27gni, 4th Least daily movement 42m, 20th Mean daily movement 132m Mean hourly velocity 5.5m Maximum pressure i)er square foot, 12.5 lbs = joni [)er hour, 21st, 12 M. N.W. Maximum velocity for ; minutes, 32m per hour, 2ist, 10 A.. N.W. Prevailing direction. South Southwest South Su nmary. North . i6 " " South Southwest Other directions 10 " " . . 29 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 39 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 126 hours = 37 per cent Number of clear days 13 Number of fair days 13 Number of cloudy days 5 Briiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded. 215 =^ 63 per cent. Itain. 3d, 4th, 7th, 8th. 9th, 13th, 17th, 19th, 20t h . Frosts, nth, 15th, i6th, 24th, 30th, 31st. Gales, 3;m, 3d, S.; 40m, 4tii, W.: 37m, 12th, S.:45m, 13th, S.: 5oni, 21st, N.W.; 42m. 22d, N.W. DAILY SUMMARY, Barometer Reduced to a Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. "ox a 3 E X 3 S 3 c 3 T3 ii'B 3 3 Ot/) 2s S E c 0 rt i i 1= J^ S ni 303 Set; d.£f 0 s S 5 ^ "*;/) s. H i H 0) ni.-> 0) 0 i^ ^^^ ^ffl I 30.12 30.02 30.107 86.5 4 V 61.5 6a 74.0 72.8 66.5 10.2 2 30.16 30.07 30.122 890 3P 59.0 6 a 74.0 71-3 65.5 8.0 3 30.12 29.77 30003 790 3 ^ 61.5 3 A 70.3 69.1 66.0 7.0 4 30.08 2950 29.788 73-5 I A 54.0 12 P 63-7 69.9 58.5 7-7 5 30.24 30.08 30.209 70.0 3 f' 47-5 6:30 A 58.7 58.5 53-5 1 0.0 6 30.27 30.16 30 218 80.0 3 P 43-5 7 A 61.7 61.3 54-0 9.8 7 30.16 29.90 30.023 79-0 3P 55-5 1:30 A 67.3 65.5 63.2 7.0 8 30.06 29.90 30.010 66.0 41^ 48.0 12 P 57.0 584 52.0 5.0 9 30.06 29.92 30.003 48.0 0 A 41.0 6 A 44-5 45-3 43-7 0.0 lO 30.18 29.90 30 010 60.0 I P 37-0 5 A 4S.5 47-4 41.2 9-5 II 30-32 30. 1 s 30.294 63.5 31' 28.0 6:30 A 45-7 45 6 41.7 9-5 12 30.28 29.80 29.97S 720 1:30 p 40.0 7 A 56.0 56.6 51-5 5-0 •3 29.96 29.68 29-783 680 41^ 47.0 12 P 57.5 60.3 56.7 3-7 •4 30'25 29.96 30.120 62.0 3P 42 0 7 A 52.0 50.5 46.7 8.7 «5 3034 30-25 30.294 60.0 4 H 35-5 7 A 47-7 46.8 41.5 10 0 i6 30.26 30.06 30.131 62.0 3 1^ 30.0 6 A 46 0 45-9 41-5 6.8 '7 30.09 30.04 30079 5S.0 12 M 44-5 5 A 5J-3 50.6 48.2 '•3 i8 30.04 29-53 29.765 55-0 : I' 47-0 3 A 5'-o 50.9 485 05 19 29-53 29.20 29.247 69.0 3 1' 505 I A 59.7 56.4 53-7 55 20 29.30 29 13 29.142 56.0 I p 4S-0 6 A 50.5 51.0 50.3 0.0 2 I 2950 29- > 5 29336 56 0 10 A 48.5 I A 52.3 50.8 48.7 8.9 22 29.69 29.50 29.614 55.0 3 }• 390 12 P 47.0 47.1 42.3 80 23 29.81 29.67 29778 625 2 p 32.0 7 P 47.3 44.1 34-7 78 24 3000 29.81 29936 59.0 2 p 29-5 7 P 44-3 43-8 37-3 8-5 ^5 30.1S 30.00 30 171 60.0 2 p 29.0 6.30 A 44-5 43-2 37.0 9.2 26 30.18 30.09 30.161 73.0 3 P 30.5 5 A 51.7 49.8 42.7 9-3 27 30-25 30.12 30.224 660 3 V 380 7A 52.0 50.8 45 -o 7-8 28 30.12 29.84 29-953 74-5 3 >- 47-5 7 A 61.0 57.0 52-5 5.0 29 30.20 29.86 30054 62.0 3P 41.0 12 P 51-5 52.4 44-5 9.0 30 30.36 30.20 30.344 57-0 4 I' 28.0 12 P 42.5 41.8 32.5 8-5 31 30.37 30.20 30.300 61.0 2 P 24.0 7 A 42.5 439 40.0 7-5 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. Wind. h recipitation. Totui ill 1) Q 0 a > il c . c E si Indies. E^lisi I_ Sa, 5 (U Total Move in Mi Max! Press Per S( .- 0 SI £ c ei '■V c W c as ii 0 c I 64.5 752 81.5 s. 117 0.0 _ 2 64.0 713 84.0 S.S.E. 60 0.0 — — 3 65.0 676 93-0 S. 138 6.0 35 6 p 7:30 P 12 P ■35 4 56.5 594 78.5 S.W. 279 8.0 40 1 F 0 A 4 A .81 5 51.0 463 81.0 s.w. 90 0.0 — — 6 52.5 461 88.5 S.S.E. I II I.O 14 6 P 7 62.5 608 96.0 S. 215 4.0 28 9 l^ II P 12 P .02 8 50.0 426 85.0 N. 140 1.0 14 9 A C A 4 A •32 9 41.0 293 88.5 N.E. 160 0.5 10 7 1' 10 A 4 P .45 lO 37-5 287 79 5 S. 134 4.0 28 5 1^ 11 390 292 83-5 S 62 1.0 14 7 P 12 49-5 472 88.5 S 170 7.0 37 4 P '3 560 559 970 S. 245 1 0.0 45 I A 0 A 9:30 A '■95 '4 46.0 327 96.5 N.N.W. 88 1.0 14 6p '5 40.0 275 885 N. I OS 0.5 10 10 A i6 39-0 284 93-5 S.S.W. 73 30 24 I I' '7 52.0 351 93-5 E. 82 0.5 10 II P 8a 10 A T i8 46.0 371 84.0 N.E. 227 3-5 26 3 P 19 52.5 432 93-5 N.E. 187 5-5 33 12 M 8 A 10 A •32 20 50.0 366 98.5 N. 42 0 0 — — 9 A 7:30 P •37 21 4(5.0 365 83-5 N.W. 201 12.S 50 12 M 22 3S.0 304 76.5 W. 277 9.0 42 10 A 23 30.0 226 74.0 S.S.W. 55 0.0 — — 24 32-5 258 75-5 S.W. 79 15 17 5 P 25 345 235 86.5 S.W. So 3-^ 24 II A 26 390 320 77.0 S 73 1.0 14 2 P 27 42.0 340 80.0 S. 49 0.0 — 28 50.0 436 86.0 s. 123 15 •7 4 P 29 40.5 337 76.0 N. 180 5-5 33 7 A 30 26.S 210 68.5 N.N.E. 133 15 17 II A 3' 37-5 281 89.0 S.S.W. 107 30 24 2 y •• Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. REMARKS The weather during October was the most seasonable and agreeable so far this year. • The amount of sunshine was very large and the last third of the month was free from rain. While the precipitation was considerably more than normal, most of it occurred during a few well defined storms. The storm on the morning of the LSth when nearly two inches fell in less than ten hours was exceptionally heavy for this locality. The barometer was unusually active and several rapid changes were recorded. The low reading on the 20th was quite abnormal. No frost was noted until the 11th, a rather late date for this station. Several gales were registered, a few of moderate intensity. The mean barometer was unusually low for this time of year due to a marked depression from the 19th to the 23d. The range of pressure was large for the time of year. The maximum and minimum pressures were both much below their respective normals. The mean hourly temperature was more than three degrees higher than usual, and the maximum temperature was ten degrees above the normal for this feature. The maximum temperature was considerably higher than the maximum for either August or September, and only two degrees lower than the maximum for July. The minimum temperature came on the morning of the last day of the month and was about a normal value. The mean relative humidity was about ten per cent more than usual owing to the large amount of south wind. The mean dew- point was five degrees above the normal. The total precipation was nearly an inch more than usual. The total wind movement was about normal. The amount of sunshine was much more than the average and there were but few cloudy days. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist H. BAUMGARTNER, Observer. w^ BULLETIN No. 467. NOVEMBER, 1927 Meteorolomcal Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42° 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72* 31' 10" VV, ffei^ht of ha ro meter above ground, 51 ft. Above sea level, 2jj.j ft. Height oj Wind Instruments J2 ft. 2'i?ne used, j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressiiie. In inches. Nhiximinii reduced to freezing, .■^0.42, 13th. p Minimum reduced to freezing, 2S.73, 4th,6 A. Reduced maximum reading, 30.73, 13th, 10 p. Reduced minimum reading, 29.02, 4th, 6 a Mean semi-daily reduced 30.08 Monthly range 1.7 Air Temperature, In Degrees Fahr. Highest 70.0, 2d, I p. Lowest 20.0, 10th, 7:30 A Mean hourly 440 Mean of means of max. and min 43.9 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 41.0 Monthly range 50.0 Highest mean daily 64.2, 17th Lowest mean daily 28.1,20th Mean maximum 52.3 Mean minimum 35.5 Mean daily range 16.8 Greatest daily range 32.5, 14th Least daily range 6.0,3rd Humidity. Mean dew point 3S S Mean force of vapor 297 Mean relative humidity 84.3 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches S.64 Number of days on whicli .01 inch or more rain fell 10 Wind. Total movement 52i3ni Greatest daily movement 456ni, 17th Least daily movement 65m, 9th Mean daily movement I74ni Mean hourly velocity 7.2m Maximum pressure per square foot, 17.0 lbs = 58m per hour, 17th, 7 r. S.S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 33m per hour, nth, 7 p., S.S.W. Prevailing direction. Southwest Summary. South 33 per cent Northwest 17 " " South Southwest 13 " " Southwest 10 " " Other directions 27 " " Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 72 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the Sun Thermometer . . 232 hours = 78 per cent Number of clear days i Number of fair days 5 Number of cloudy days 24 Bright SuuRfaine. Number hours recorded, 66= 22 per cent. Rain. 2d, 3d. 4th, 5th, 17th, iSth, 24th, 26th, 27th, 28th 29th. Thunder and Lidhtninii. I7fh. Snow. Toth. Frosts, before the i6th 7th, Sth, 9th, loth, 13th, 14th. Gales, 42m, 3d, S.: 55m, 4th, W.S.W.: 35m, 7th, N.W.: 58m, 17th, S.S.W.: 49m, 18th ,S.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to 4) c Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. oi E 3 s £ £ 3 -a !2 c 3 3 0(/} £ >< 1 2£ 2 1) S E i V £ 0 S rt d c 0) 0 2 I 30-23 30.09 30-183 69-5 4 P 45-0 4A 57-3 55-2 52.0 1.2 2 30.09 29.85 29.992 70.0 I P 44 0 7:30 A 57-0 58.S 54.2 36 3 29.85 29.28 29.570 660 12 M 60.0 iO P 63.0 b2.8 62.8 0.0 4 29.45 29.02 29.236 61.0 0 A 39 5 8 P 50.3 48.2 45.2 0-3 5 27.76 29.41 29.698 50.0 3P 32-5 7 A 41-3 41.9 38-8 54 6 29.83 29-73 29.794 45.0 12 M 29.5 12 p 37-3 39-2 36 0 0-5 7 30.22 29.81 30.070 40.0 2 P 280 12 P 34-0 34-5 31.0 6.0 8 30-32 30.22 30.296 41-5 I-jOP 20.5 7 A 31.0 3' 6 27.0 6.5 9 30.46 30-23 30.368 37-0 4P 250 4 A 3'o 29.7 26.2 0.0 10 30.56 30.30 30-459 44.0 3 P 20.0 7:30 A 32.0 33-8 34-2 4.0 II 30.30 30.08 30.169 56.0 3P 43.0 0 A 49-5 49-3 47.2 0-3 12 30.29 29.89 30.052 585 3P 41-5 12 P 50.0 51-3 48.2 2.0 "3 30-73 30.29 30.676 47-5 3P 28.0 12 P 37-7 37-3 31-2 85 •4 30-72 30.46 30-613 54.0 3P 21.5 7 A 37-7 394 33-2 7-3 •5 30.46 30.28 30.360 60.5 3P 47-5 0 A 54.0 54-5 53-5 03 t6 30.28 30.03 30.124 64.5 4 P 52.0 3 A 58-3 59.0 59.0 0-3 17 30-03 29.58 29.758 68.5 4 P 60.0 12 P 64-3 64.2 64-5 0.0 18 30.01 29-57 29.806 60.5 4:30 p 33-5 12 P 47.0 448 398 1 2 '9 30.25 30.01 30-154 36.0 3 P 27.0 12 P 3'-5 32-1 28.3 1.9 20 30-38 30-25 30.369 36-5 3 P 23-0 6 A 29-7 28.1 24.0 1.6 21 30-37 30.20 30.254 42.5 3P 22.5 4 A 32.5 34-4 32-3 0.0 22 30.24 30.07 30.130 5'-o 3 P 38.0 0 A 44-5 45 5 43-5 0 0 23 30.12 2993 30021 63 0 3 P 45-5 I A 54-3 539 48.5 00 24 30.21 29.98 30.104 48.0 0 A 35-5 7:30 A 4 1-7 393 36.5 0.0 ^5 30-28 29.98 30.162 41.0 2 P 31.0 12 P 36.0 35-8 32.0 I.O 26 3037 30-17 30-287 47.0 3P 26.5 6:30 A 36.7 36-7 337 5-5 27 30-17 29.90 29958 505 4 P 42.5 0 A 46.5 469 47-3 0.0 28 3034 30.08 30.259 42-S I P 31.0 7:30 A 36-7 37-5 3'-5 3-2 29 30.12 29.80 29 89S 59-0 2:30? 34-0 0 A 46.5 430 390 3-5 30 30.00 29.47 29.738 59.0 1:30 P 37-5 5 A 48-3 50.2 48.3 '-5 DAILY SUMMARY. Huiiiidit y- Wind. Precipitation. ll^ Total in u Q A > ■-2 Il IP (/• 3 0) M i; 5 3 §• "• . bi c 'c &£ Inches. « Q So, 0 »j 3 S2i = "S tJ ~ 0 c to V CQ C c c 'rt ai 0 c 1 50.5 423 89.5 S. 90 0-5 10 II P 2 530 .464 9'-5 s. 174 4.0 28 2 H 4 P 12 P •30 3 62.5 •577 98.5 S.S.E. 294 9.0 42 I V 0 A 12 P 3-43 4 45.0 ■3^7 98.0 W.S.W. '99 15.0 55 9 A C A 1 0:30 A 1.90 5 55-5 .250 90s S. 129 0.0 — — 7 P 8 P 1- 6 31.0 .287 75.0 W.N.W. 168 4-5 30 4 f- 7 25-5 .195 74.0 N.W. 275 60 35 4 H 8 1S.5 .174 60.5 s.vv. 84 0.0 — 9 24.5 .156 75.0 N. 65 0.0 — — to 23.0 .192 70 0 s.s.w. 85 I.O '4 7 i" 2:30 P 3 P T T 1 1 46.0 •342 9'-5 s. ,65 '5 17 4 A 12 46.0 •352 88.0 w. 227 5-0 32 9P '3 26.5 .196 740 N.W. 204 4.0 28 2 A •4 290 .230 71.0 s 129 3-5 26 5 ^ '5 56.5 •434 91 0 s '99 3-0 24 12 M i6 58.0 •517 95-5 s. 205 4.0 28 10 P •7 64.0 .624 965 s.s.w. 456 17.0 58 7 P 8a 12 P 1.02 (8 38.0 .256 91.0 N.W. 304 12.0 49 0 A 0 A 10 A .48 '9 26.5 • '75 730 N.W. 258 30 24 3 J' 20 16.5 •'45 67.0 N.W. 127 I.O 14 5A 21 29.0 .201 83.0 S.S.W. '44 3^5 26 4 P 22 41.0 .310 85.0 s 152 2.0 20 2 P 23 44-S •390 76.S s.w. '44 2.0 20 10 P 24 3(3.0 ,222 96.0 N.N.W. 1 12 ID 14 7 A II A II P .68 25 2S.5 •95 81.0 N. '3' I.O 14 2 P 26 3' 5 .205 89.5 s. 100 3-5 26 9 P 9P 12 P .09 27 46.5 •330 96.5 ss.w. 234 3-0 24 S A 0 A 1 1 -.30 A •32 28 27.5 .192 805 N.E. 180 50 32 6 a 4 P 12 P •32 29 36.0 .205 85-5 S.W. III 30 24 12 M 0 A 7 A .10 30 47-5 .360 93-5 s. 168 45 30 n p •* Rain or melted snow at base of tower. Included in following day. REMARKS The outstanding features of the weather for the month was the extremely heavy rainstorm of the first week of the month, when more than five and one-half inches of rainfall occurred in about 32 hours. This storm was so severe that the self-recording rain guage was put out of order and the rate of the rainfall was lost, after the first few hours. The standard guage, however, furnished a record of the total. Not since July, 1897, has so much rain occurred in so short a time. The remainder of the month had several moderate storms, making the total for the month more than two and one-half times the normal. An ab- normal thunderstorm was recorded near the middle of the month. The temperature recorded also was very unusual. The mean temperature was about five degrees more than normal, and the maximum and minimum temperatures about six degrees above their normal values for this month. Passing to the humidity records we find that the mean dew- point was about eight degrees higher than normal and the rela- tive humidity about eight per cent above the average value. The sunshine record was fully as abnormal as the other records mentioned. Less than one-fourth of the possible amount of sunshine was registered. One day was classed as clear, five as fair and twenty-four as either cloudy or overcast — an unequalled record here. Finally the wind furnished some features of note with several heavy gales, a large movement for the month and an abnormal amount from the southwest quadrant. Assuredly the month was abnormal. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist H. BAUMGARTNER, Observer. BULLETIN No. 468. DECEMBER, 1927 iMeteoroloo'ical Observations AT THK MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTUIUL EXPEKIMENT STATION. Latitude, 42" 23' 48.5" N. Longitude 72' 31' xo" \V. Height of barometer aboi'e ground, ^i ft. Above sea level, 2jj.^ ft. Height oj IVimi Instrumefits Y2ft. Titne used, j^thMer. MONTHLY SUMMARY. Pressuie. In inches. Maximum reduced to freezing, So. 43, 4th, Sa. Minimum reduced tofreeziuR, 28.S1, i6tli,9P- Reduced maximum reading, 30.76, 4tli, 8 a. Reduced minimum reading, 29.12, i6th, 9 p Mean semi-daily reduced 30.041 Monthly range 1.64 Air Temperature. In Degrees Fahr. Highest . . ., 61.5, ist, 2 a. Lowest 8.5, 27th, 7:30 A. Mean hourly 29.5 Mean of means of max. and min 29.7 Mean sensible (wet bulb) 27.0 Monthly range 530 Highest mean daily 45.2, 8th Lowest mean daily 15.5, 24th Mean maximum 37.4 Mean minimum 21.9 Mean daily range 15.; Greatest daily range 36.0,8th Least daily range 5.5,13th Humidity. Mean dew point 23.1 Mean force of vapor 165 Mean relative humidity 81.3 Hrecifiitation. In inches. Total precipitation, in inches 5.65 Number of days on which .01 inch or more rain fell 11 Total snow in inches 3i Wind. Total movement 5546m Greatest daily movement 38oni, 1st Least daily movement . . . . 22m, 7th. 31st Mean daily movement i7gm Mean hourly velocity 7.5m Maximum pressure per square foot, 13.0 lbs = 51m per hour, 8th, 8 A. S.S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 30m per hour, 8th, 8a., S.S.W. Prevailing direction. West Northwest Summary. West 19 per cent North 13 ' North Northwest 13 " North Northeast 10 ' .South Southwest 10 " West Northwest 10 " Northwest 10 '" Other directions 15 ' Weather. Mean cloudiness observed .... 50 per cent Total cloudiness recorded by the S^un Thermometer . . 183 hours = 65 per cent Number of clear days 3 Number of fair days 11 Number f)f cloudy days 17 Rriiiht Sunshine. Number hours recorded. 100 =r 35 per cent. Rain. 2d, 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, nth, 13th, 14th, i6th, 23rd, 29th, 31st. Snow, 2d. 4th, 5th, nth, 13th, i6th, 23d. Gales, 45m, ist, N.W.: 47m, 4th: N.; 51m, 8th, S.S.W.: 35m, 14th. N.W.: 45m. 16th, N.W. DAILY SUMMARY. Barometer Reduced to 0 Sea Level. Temperature. Ground Shelter. 'o;n rt E n! B £ '3 £ 3 ' S 6 B E E c £ c . rt X C J^ S rt Set; S2c 3 3 Q s i 5 D s H g H dj 0 jj; s^^ ^m I 30.48 29-45 30.218 61.5 2 P 26.0 12 P 43.7 37.S 29.8 6.0 2 30.48 29.90 30.168 33-5 12 P 24.5 6 A 29 0 29-3 28.7 0.0 3 30.62 29.94 30340 35 5 8 A 17.0 12 P 26 3 29.2 26.2 0.0 4 30.76 30-23 30.596 21.0 3? 10.5 8 A 15 7 15.9 14.0 0.0 5 30.23 29.82 29.882 37-0 3 P 18.0 0 A 27 5 28.2 26.2 1-3 6 30.22 29.87 30.084 43-5 I P 27.5 12 P 35 5 33-9 28.2 6-3 7 30.28 29.96 ;^.i62 38.5 2:30 P 23-0 5 A 30 7 31.0 30.0 2.0 8 29.98 29.49 29.669 60.0 12 M 24.0 12 P 42 0 45.2 41.8 00 9 30.46 29.98 30.299 26.0 3P 17.0 12 P 21 5 21.5 15.8 8-3 lO 30.56 30-35 30.459 325 3:30 P 13-5 7:30 A 23 0 24 6 20.3 5-9 ti 3045 30.04 30.281 37-5 I p 29-5 8 A 33 5 33-6 31-5 0.9 12 30- '4 30.02 30.069 49.0 I p 29.0 12 P 39 0 39-2 34-3 5-3 «3 30-13 29.71 29 922 33-0 12 p 27-5 3 A 30 3 31.4 32-3 0.0 «4 30.06 29-43 29.728 50.0 2:30 p 33-0 0 A 41 5 393 36-5 5.6 '5 3015 30.06 30.096 33-5 0 A 26.5 7:30 A 30 0 29.5 25-5 2-3 i6 30.05 29.12 29-495 37-5 6:30 P 21.0 6:30 A 29 3 29.1 300 0.0 •7 29.81 29-34 29718 30.5 2:30 P 21.5 12 P 26 0 275 26.3 5-4 (8 29.87 29.79 29.868 28.0 2 P 17.0 7 A 22 5 21-5 18.S 3-9 19 29.79 2939 29552 25.5 6 p 17.0 7 A 21 3 2,1.4 19.2 31 20 29.62 29-37 29.506 32-5 4 P 22.5 0 A 27 5 288 27.7 3-0 21 29.88 29.62 2979' 41.0 1 A 290 12 P 35 5 33-5 30.0 6.9 22 30.00 29.88 29.999 35-5 1:30 P 24.5 7 A 30 0 30.5 29.5 0.0 23 30.00 29.92 30.014 34 -o 1:30 P 185 12 P 26 3 27-3 25-5 0.6 24 30-30 30.00 30.199 23-5 3P 9.0 7:30 A 16 3 155 11.8 6.7 ^5 30.42 30.30 30.396 40.5 2:30 p 12.5 6a 26 5 233 19-5 7.8 26 3039 30.32 30.361 31.0 3P «30 7:30 A 22 0 20.7 16.0 74 27 30-39 30.28 30.342 390 3P 8.5 7:30 A 23 7 23.0 22 0 5-8 28 30.42 30.26 30382 43-5 2:30 p 21.5 7:30 A 32 5 331 28.0 5-3 29 30 26 30.01 30042 45.0 3 P 37-0 12 P 41 0 41.4 41.2 0.0 30 30.04 29.97 30.022 36-0 3P 30.0 0 A 33 0 33-0 33-7 0.0 3[ 29.97 29.22 29.602 45.0 12 p 30.0 0 A 37 5 35-3 35-5 0.0 DAILY SUMMARY. Humidity. V G o a > >> c « lU ^ s u So, si2 SaiS Wind. OhQ ai — Precipitation. I 23.0 196 64.0 2 26.0 .166 86.0 3 21.0 .162 72.5 4 lO.O .090 81.0 5 2J-5 ■153 78.0 6 20.0 .177 62. s 7 25-5 .180 80.0 8 37-5 •319 80.0 9 5.0 .107 54-5 lO 14.5 .124 70.5 1 f 290 .i86 87.0 12 3..0 .214 82.0 '3 31-5 .185 97-5 14 33-5 •233 83 0 »5 21.5 .148 80.0 i6 290 .172 97.0 [? 24.0 .148 89.0 i8 14.0 .110 775 '9 12.5 .117 69.5 20 24-5 .162 81. s ZI 26.S .178 82.0 22 27.0 .172 87.5 23 22.5 .147 85.0 24 8.0 081 82.0 25 15.0 .116 80.5 26 II. 5 .100 730 27 19.0 .136 «,s-s 28 24.0 .178 76.5 29 40 0 .266 94.0 30 33-0 .189 1 00.0 3' 350 .208 1 00.0 W.N.W. E. N. N.N.E. N.N.E. W. W.N.W. w: w. s.s.w. s. s.w. w.s.w. N. N. N.N.E. W.N.W. W. N.W. N.N.W. N.N.W. N.N.W. N.W. N.W. N.N.W. N. W. S.S.W. S.S.W. S.S.E. W. 380 lO.O 45 I P 57 2.0 20 II P 2 V 9:30? 223 5-0 32 2 F 319 II. 0 47 3 P 8 p 12 P 198 2.0 20 2 A 0 A 10 A 99 I.O 14 3 P 22 0.0 — — 8 p 12 P 341 13.0 5' 8 a 0 A 9 A 247 3-.S 2b 2 p 216 3-5 26 I p 140 2.0 20 8 P 3P 8:30P 165 4-5 3" I P 30 0.0 — — S-jOA I 1:30 A 172 6.0 3S 3P 0 A 6:30A 106 1.0 14 6 a 126 lO.O 45 II p 2:30 A II P 268 S-5 63 3 A 170 2.0 20 2 P 257 5-5 33 9 P 370 5.0 32 5 P 301 2.0 20 5 A 128 0.0 — — i38 4.0 28 6 P 8:30 A 9A 331 55 33 li A ib7 4-5 30 a A 147 1.0 14 I I A 66 0.0 — 77 0-5 10 1 1 p 211 2.0 20 5 A 8 A 2:30 p S2 0.0 • — 22 0.0 ~ 9 A 12 P Total in Inches. .78 •23 .50 .12 •49 •35 •31 .76 .87 •35 .89 •• Rain or melted snow at base of tower. * Included in following day. Annual Si'mi/.^iry foi ^927. Pressure. Maximum reduced to freezing, . . Minimum reduced to freezing, Maximum reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . . Minimum reduced to freezing and sea-level, . . Mean semi-daily reduced to freezing and sea-level Annual range, *Air Temperature. In degrees Fahr. Highest, 91.0, July 13th, 2-3 P. Lowest, -12.0, Jan. 27th, 6 A. Mean hourly, 47-6 Mean of means of max. and min., 47-9 Mean sensible (wet bulb) , 44-2 Annual range, 103.0 Highest mean daily, 78.3> J"ly 14th Lowest mean daily, 1.9, Jan. 27th. Mean maximum, 58-5 Mean minimum, 37-4 Mean daily range, 21. i Greatest daily range 45.0. Mar 17th. Least daily range, 3-o> Jan. 21st. Humidity. Mean dew point, 41.3 Mean force of vapor, 372 Mean relative humidity, 82.9 W^ind. Prevailing direction West Southwest Summary. North II percent South 21 '' Southwest o " " Northwest 12 " " Other directions, 47 " " Total movement 49.451 m Greatest daily movement, . . . 506m., Feb. 4th Least daily movement. 22m., Feb. 24thDec.7th,3ist Mean daily movement, 136 ni Mean hourly velocity, 5-7 m Maximum pressure per square foot, 4^0 lbs.,= 95 m. per hour, Feb. 3d. 9 P. S.S.W. Maximum velocity for 5 minutes, 42 m. per hour, Feb. 4th, 1 a., W. Temperature in ground shelter. In inches. . 30.66, Jan. 27th, 9 A. 28.73. Nov. 4th, 6 A. 31.00, Jan. 27th, 9 A. 29.02, Nov. 4th, 6 A. 30.025 1.98 Precipitation. In inches. Total precipitation, rain or melted snow, . 46.96 Snow total in inches, 31.5 Number of days on whicli .01 or more rain or melted snow fell, 127 AVoatlier. Mean cloudiness observed 53 per cent. Total cloudiness recorded by Sun Thermom- eter, 2477 hrs.=55 per cent. Number of clear days, 59 Number of fair days, . 158 Number of cloudy days, 148 Bright Sunshine- Number of hours recorded, 1984 hrs.=:45 per cent Dates of Frosts. Last, May 3d First Oct. iith Dates of Snow. Last, April 5th First, Nov. loth Total days of sleighing 57 Gales of 50 or More Miles Per Hour. 50 m. Jan. 15th, N.; 51 m. Jan. 31st, W.N. W. 95 m. Feb. 3d, S. S. W.: 57 m. Feb. 4th, W. 57 m., Feb. 20th, N. E. 63 m. Mar. 3d, N : 53 m. Mar. 8th, W. 50 m. April 7th, N. W.; 57 m. April nth. N. N. W.; 51 m. April 29th, W. N. W. 51 m. June 5th, S. S. W. 50 m. Oct. 2ist N. W. ^^ m. Nov. 4th, W. S. W.; 58 m. Nov. 17th, S.S.W. 51 m. Dec. 8th, S. S. W. H. BAUMGARTNER, Observer. J. E. OSTRANDER, Meteorologist. v,ftJ)hKi