NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION

1901-1904.

METEOROLOGY

PART II

//£

COMPRISING DAILY SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS

IST OCTOBER, 1901, TO 31sT MARCH, 1904.

PREPARED IN THE METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE, UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF

M. W. CAMPBELL HEPWORTH, C.B., R.D., COMMANDER R.N.R.

MARINE SUPERINTENDENT.

LONDON:

PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL SObicii

1913. i Z oo

METEOROLOGICAL, OFFICE,

SOUTH KENSINGTON,

LONDON, S.W.

17th February, 19 IS. To Sir ARCHIBALD GEIKIE, K.C.B.,

President of the Royal Society. Sir,

I have now the honour to forward the corrected proof of the " Remarks," introductory to the Daily Synchronous Charts of the Southern Quarter of the Globe, which were prepared, under my direction, to represent the results of the international co-operation in meteorological work for the National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904.

These form the last instalment in discharge of the obligation which was undertaken for the Office by the Meteorological Council, in response to a request of the Royal Society, dated 30th September, 1904, and which devolved upon me in 1905. It would serve no useful purpose now to enter into detailed explanations of the length of time that has been found necessary to complete the work. Of the members of the directing body, under whose guidance it was originally planned, all except myself have passed away — Sir WILLIAM WHARTON, Sir RICHARD STRACHEY, Dr. ALEXANDER BUCHAN, Sir GEORGE DARWIN— and by a coincidence as tragic as it is deplorable, the final touches of the work, designed by international co-operation to elucidate the problems which the discoveries of the Antarctic explorers of 1901-1904 suggest, are delayed by the melancholy news of the loss of their leader, Captain ROBERT FALCON SCOTT, and of his four companions on their return from his second and successful attempt to reach the South Pole.

I am, Sir,

Your obedient servant,

W. N. SHAW,

Director.

PREFACE.

THE present volume completes the publication of all the Physical results of the National Antarctic Expedition of which the supervision was undertaken by the Eoyal Society. It comprises Part II. of the Meteorology, of which Part I. was issued in 1008. The delay in the appearance of the volume has arisen chiefly from the labour attending the preparation of the Charts, a task which has been carried through under the superintendence of Commander HEPWOKTH, C.B., Marine Superintendent on the staff of the Meteorological Office, who has supplied the Introductory Text. It will be seen that the volume presents not only the detailed results of the daily observations of the Expedition, but combines also a large number of contemporary observations obtained by other Antarctic explorers, by observatories in various parts of the Southern Hemisphere, and by the Captains of vessels traversing the Antarctic seas. It thus offers a continuous daily picture of the changing meteorological conditions in the whole Antarctic region south of the 30th parallel of latitude.

An opportunity is afforded here to refer to certain objections made by Captain SCOTT to some of the statements contained in Part I. of the Meteorology, which was issued in the summer of the year 1908. Shortly before this distinguished polar explorer was about to sail on the Antarctic Expedition which he is now conducting, in letters addressed to me, he called attention to these statements containing criticisms of the work of his Expedition of 1901-1904. Some of these criticisms, in his opinion, showed a want of appreciation of the practical difficulties of observation in high latitudes, while others involved errors of statement which he wished to correct.

As regards the latter, he maintained, in the first place, that the observations of the directions of wind taken on the land were "true" and not, as was suggested, "magnetic." lie pointed out that in a region like that around the Magnetic Pole, where the horizontal magnetic force is very slight and magnetic directions are constantly changing, and where, therefore, it is impracticable to travel by compass, it was necessary that constant attention should be given to keep the course true, and that this necessity was fully realised by himself and his staff. He therefore dissented from the suggestion (text, pp. 489, 490; Preface, p. xii.) that the observations recorded in Lieutenant ROYDS* important traverse across the ice- barrier in the months of November and December, 1903, were probably made by compass. That suggestion occurs in connection with the contention that if a mean correction of 145° E., which is the deviation at the Winter Quarters, be applied to these observations, the winds recorded as coming from the S.W. to the extent of G8 per cent, are found to be from E. by N. and are thus brought into harmony with those registered at the Winter Quarters. While protesting against this introduction of a magnetic correction, Captain SCOTT pointed out that the correction will not give the desired result, for it has been put in the wrong direction, viz., westerly instead of easterly, and that even when it is correctly applied, the direction of the 68 per cent, of wind would be N. by E. and not E. by N., as stated in the Table on p. 490.

Captain SCOTT maintained that, apart from all explanatory theory, the wind observations taken on the sledge-journey in question were perfectly trustworthy, and were in harmony with those made during other sledge-journeys of the Expedition, which combine to indicate a preponderance of southerly and westerly winds in the region under observation, and as he conceives, lend no support to the generalisation that the dominant direction of the surface winds is there from the east.

Another complaint of Captain SCOTT had reference to the insertion of a column (No. 3, pp. 284-363) purporting to give the positions of the sledge-parties at noon each day of their journeys. He remarked that it is difficult to sec how the figures in this column were obtained, and that they are constantly in error. Citing in illustration his own sledge-journey of October to December, 1903, he pointed out thai

B 2

whereas in the printed table he is stated to have been, on October 30, 26 miles from the ship on sea-ice, he was really 80 miles from the ship, climbing the Ferrar glacier; and, on December 16, when he is represented as being 95 miles from the ship, it is plain from the column of " Remarks," that he had returned to Winter Quarters and was comparing his aneroid with the ship's barometer. Captain SCOTT intended to have adjusted these Tables before he sailed on his recent Expedition, but, in the hurry of his departure, seems to have found it impossible to do so.

It should be understood that when the Tables of the various sledge-journeys were in course of compilation at the Meteorological Office from the records made by the observers, great difficulty was experienced in obtaining information as to the daily positions. Two of the journeys are actually printed without positions, but for the other journeys the positions are printed as supplied to the Meteorological Office by Captain SCOTT'S instruction, in reply to a request addressed to the Royal Geographical Society. It is matter for regret, however, that after the return of the Expedition, when the staff of observers was dispersed, closer touch with them should not have been maintained.

With regard to the statement that "the explorers brought back no certain information about the amount of slope of the barrier-surface towards the sea " (Preface, p. xii.), Captain SCOTT contended that the staff possessed no means of discriminating between the influence on the barometer of the varying conditions of atmospheric pressure, on the one hand, and of differences in altitude, on the other. While fully realising the importance of distinguishing between these two causes, he knew of no practical means of discriminating them on sledge-journeys over the Antarctic ice-field, and he desired that proper allowance should be made for the apparently insuperable difficulties which have to be encountered. Nevertheless, it must be recognised that the separation of the influence of varying atmospheric pressure from that dependent on height above sea-level, is of such fundamental importance that no polar expedition can now be regarded as completely equipped for meteorological and physiographical research unless it is provided with the means of conducting levelling operations, independently of barometric variations. The accurate measurement of the slope of the inland ice is required for the determination not only of the atmospheric pressure gradient towards the pole, but also of the flow of the ice-cap.

24th January, 191-3.

ARCH. GEIKIE, President of the Royal Society.

Since the foregoing paragraphs were in type and ready to be printed off, tidings have come of the appalling tragedy of the death of Captain SCOTT and his companions on their return journey from the South Pole. It is not possible to allow this last contribution from the voyage of the " Discovery " to be published without the addition of a few words expressive of the profound sorrow with which the loss of these brave men has filled the hearts of all those who were associated with them in connection with Antarctic exploration and its problems. We had learnt to appreciate the remarkable gifts of Captain SCOTT and Dr. E. A. WILSON as explorers, and their charm as personal friends. We looked forward to their return home, bringing with them another and still ampler harvest of results. They have lost their lives in the cause of science, but their names are now imperishably graven on the bede-roll of the heroes of polar discovery.

A. G.

14th February, 1913.

REMARKS ON THE CHARTS.

BY

M. W. CAMPBELL HEPWORTH, C.B., R.D., COMMANDER R.N.R.

THE COLLECTION OF THE DATA.

IN connexion with the scheme of International Antarctic Exploration, inaugurated at the beginning of this century, which attained its fulfilment during the years 1901-04, arrangements were made by the British Meteorological Office and the Deutsche Seewarte conjointly, prior to the departure for the Far South of the British and German Expeditions, with a view to obtaining synchronous observations at Noon G.M.T. of barometric pressure, air temperature, and wind frequency, during the period October, 1901, to March, 1903, for Latitudes South of the 30th parallel of South Latitude.

For this country special registers, in a form agreed upon by the British and German Antarctic Committees, were issued to the Ships of H.M. Navy through the Office of the Hydrographer (the late Rear-Admiral Sir W. J. L. WHARTOX, K.C.B.). A circular letter, issued by the Meteorological Council to marine observers in correspondence with the Office and others engaged on Southern voyages, soliciting their co-operation in this work, met with a ready response, and a large number of registers were distributed among the Commanders of Ships visiting the Southern Ocean, and numerous contributions resulted. Subsequently the period originally specified was extended to 31st March, 1904, in consequence of the detention of the "Discovery" in McMurdo Sound, South Victoria Laud.

The Observatories of the Colonies in the Southern Hemisphere contributed valuable records and observations in response to an invitation by the Royal Society.

By an arrangement between the Meteorological Office and the Deutsche Seewarte. an exchange of observations, recorded on board ships from which contributions on the special Registers were received by the respective Bureaux, was effected. In addition to the data thus collected by the Ollice a large number of observations at noon G.M.T. were obtained from the "Discovery," "Morning," "Terra Nova," and " Scotia," relating to the passages of these vessels to and from the Antarctic and while cruising in Antarctic Seas ; also from many stations in Cape Colony, Australasia, South America, Tierra del Fuego, and Kerguelen Island.

As regards information from stations in, and in the neighbourhood of, Antarctica, in addition to the meteorological records kept at Winter Quarters of the " Discovery " in McMurdo Sound, observations were obtained relating to the " Gauss " station of the German Expedition, near Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land, Laurie Island — South Orkneys, and Snow Hill Island — Palmer Land, through the courtesy of the leaders of the German, Scottish, and Swedish Antarctic Expeditions, Professor vox DRYOALSKI, Dr. W. S. BRUCE, and Dr. OTTO NoRDF.NSK.nn.n, respectively.

Upon the information thus obtained arc based the Daily Synchronous Charts of Sea-Level Pressure for Noon G.M.T., with winds and air temperature, as well as the Charts of mean monthly pressure and air temperature, and the Tables of average wind and gale frequency.

The list of contributors is as follows : —

SHIPS of the Royal Navy (H.M.S.), Exploring Vessels (E.S.), Steamships (S.S.), and Sailing Vessels (S.) of the Mercantile Marine, from which Observations were Received.

Adolf S.

Abcrdeeu S.S.

Adolphc S.

Afrio . . S.S.

Alauda S.

Alcinous S.

Alexandra S.

Alliance . . S.

Almvick Castle .... S.S.

Alsterdamm S.

Altair S.

Aiuphion II.M.S,

Anaconda S.

Antoinette S.

Aotea S.S.

Arcadia S.S.

Archer H.M.S.

Armadale Castle .... S.S.

Artemis S.

Arthur Fitger S.

Assaye S.S.

Asuncion de Larrinaga . . S.S.

Aster S.

Atlautique S.

Austral S.S.

Australasian S.S.

Australia S.S.

Austrian S.S.

Barracouta H.M.S.

Barrosa H.M.S.

Basilisk H.M.S.

Biessard S.

Blanche H.M.S.

Bremen S.

Britannica S.S.

Britannic S.S.

Caithness S.S.

Cambrian H.M.S.

Campinas S.

Cap Horn S.

Carisbrook Castle . . . S.S.

Carl S.

Chemnitz S.

Chile S.

China S.S.

Christel S.

Chubut S.

Clan Ferguson .... S.S.

Clan Grant S.S.

Clan Mackinuon .... S.S.

Clan Maclachlan .... S.S.

Clan Ronald S.S.

Clan Urquhart .... S.S.

County of Kinross . . . S.

Courtfield S.S.

Craigisla S.S.

Damascus S.S.

Danube S.S.

Dart H.M.S.

D. H. Watjen S.

Discovery E.S.

Dominion S.S.

Don S.

Dorade S.

Duisburg S.

Dunkerque S.

Dwarf H.M.S.

Earl Derby S.

Ecuador S.

Egyptian Prince .... S.S.

Elstree Grange .... S.S.

Emilie Siegfried . . . . S.

Ems S.

Erne S.

European S.S.

Falls of Halladale . . . S.

Forte H.M.S.

Gauss S.S.

General de Souis . . . . S.

General Foy S.

Gibraltar H.MS.

Goorkha S.S.

Gothic S.S.

Greta Holme S.S.

Harlech Castle .... S.S.

Harold S.

Heliades S.S.

Hera S.

Heraclides S.S.

Hermione S.

Herzogiu Cecilie S.

Hibernian S.S.

Hilarius S.S.

Himalaya S.S.

Icarus H.M.S.

India S.S.

Indralema S.S.

Jacqueline S.

Jason S.S.

Jules Gommes S.

Kaikoura S.S.

Kaipara S.S.

Kalliope S.

Kavamea S.S.

Karu'ak S.

Karrakatta H.M.S.

Kilbride S.S.

Kinfauus Castle .... S.S.

Knight of St. George . . S.S.

Kimigin Luise S.

Kumara S.S.

Ladye Doris S.

L'Amiral Jaureguiberry . S.

Largo Law S.

Lisbeth S.

Lismore Castle .... S.S.

Lizard H.M.S.

Loch Katrine S.

Loch Tay S.

Loch Torridon . . . . S.

Lutterworth S.

Lynton S.

Macquarie S.

Madeleine S.

Magdalena S.S.

Magpie H.M.S.

Mamari S.S.

Maori S.S.

Marthe S.

Matatua . , S.S.

Medic S.S.

Menelaus S.S.

Metis S.

Mildura H.M.S.

Mombassa S.S.

Monarch H.M.S.

Montrose S.S.

Moravian S.S.

Morning E.S.

Mount Stewart . . . . S.

Naiad S.S.

Nauarchos S.

Nereide S.

Netherby S.

Niagara S.

Nineveh S.S.

Niobe S.

Norman S.S.

Nymphe H.M.S.

Odin H.M.S.

Omega ........ S.

Ouirah S.S.

Ophir S.S.

Orient S.S.

Ormuz S.S.

Oro S.S.

Orontes S.S.

Otarama S.S.

Pakeha S.S.

Palmyra S.

Papanni S.S.

Paparoa S.S.

Paposo S.

Partridge H.M.S.

Pearl H.M.S.

Penguin H.MS.

Pera S.

Perseverance S.

Persic S.S.

Persimir.on S.

Pera S.

Pfalz S.

Phaeton H.M.S.

Philomel H.M.S.

Phoebe H.M.S.

Pitlochry S.

Posen S.

Potomac S.S.

President Felix Faure . . S.

Pylades H.M.S.

Rakaia S.S.

Eamsay S.S.

Rangatira S.S.

Rattler H.M.S.

Reinbek S.

Rene S.

Reynolds S.S.

Rhine S.

Rhone , . S.

1 1 i 1 1 ml <iK 'i S 5 ^iiiiCT/ . S.S-
l^inffuroouiix II ^1 ^		Versailles 8.
T?.riHf»nV»r»lf *•»		Vi.M,>ria 3.8
		Vidrtte S.
	Thckla ....>.	Ville dc Dijon S.
Royal -Vrtluir IF M ^	TM-tle . H.M s.	NVaikato S.S.
	Tiiuea S

"RnmV ^ ^	Tinto Hill . . . S.	\Vai«vr.i - ~
tiolornis ^ ^		Wakanui S.S.
^/•liifFKi'L- *<		Wallaroo 11. M.S.
Scotin K •'*'	Torch .... II. M.S.	W:illilT L':i-(l.' .... S.S.
	Turakina S S
	1 nii^ton Grange .... S.S.	Wai'^.ite II. M.S.
Sortlioclcs	Vnlnnt.ini- S.	Wliakatanc S.S.
South America .... S.S. Valparaiso S.
OBSERVATIONS were Received from Observatories and Meteorological Stations at the
following places : —
Port Nolloth.	Port Pirie.	Bay o£ Islands.
Hondeklip Bay.	Adelaide.	Waitara.
Ookiep.	Port Victor.	Cape Campbell.
Saldanlm Bay.	Portland.	The Brothers.
St. Helena Bay.	Port Fairy.	Auckland.
Lambert's Bay.	Melbourne.	Wellington.
Cape Town.	Port Dayey.	\\ Bnganni.
Simon's Buy.	Launceston.	Tauranga.
Clamvilliam.	Hobart.	Napier.
Cape Agulhas.	Jervis Bay.	Grisborne.
Amaliensteiu.	Sydney.	Ju-in Fernandez.
Mossel Bay.	Newcastle.	Evangelists.
Wagenaar's Kraal.	Port Stephen.	An cad.
l'»]ii- St. Francis.	Victoria Laud ("Discovery" Winter	Talcahuano.
Algoa Bay.	Quarters).	Vaklivia.
Gralmmstown.	The Bluff.	Concepcion.
Stutterheim.	Invercargill.	Valparabo.
East London.	Nugget Poiut.	Coquimbo.
Umtata.	Cape Adare.	Puuta Arenas.
Durban.	Dunedin.	Cape Virgins (Dungencsa).
Crozet Island.	Port Chalmers.	Port Madryn.
Kerguelen Island.	Timaru.	Bahia Blanca.
Kaiser Wilhelm Land ("Gauss"	Westport.	Rosario.
Winter Quarters).	Cliristchnrcli.	Buenos Aires.
Port Augusta.	Lyttclton.	Hn-fn:i la.
Cape Leeuwin.	Cape Maria van Diemen.	Cape Pembroke.
Bunbury.	Farewell Spit.	Snow Hill.
Fremantle.	Akaroa.	Monte Video.
Perth.	Nelson.	Maldouado.
Albany.	Cape Egmont.	Laurie Island.
Brcaksea Island.	Xrw 1'lymouth.	Coat's Land.
Port Lincoln.	Picton.

The total number of observations charted amounts to 44,893, of which 29,354 arc marine and 15,539 laud observations. The total number charted for 1902 is 11,063, and for 1903, 10,851 ; of these 7,600, in 1902, and 5,703, in 1903, refer to land stations. The largest number of marine observations charted for any one month is 1,425 relating to January, 1903; the largest number of observations from land stations is 744 relating to May, 1902. The smallest number of marine observations for any one month is 697 for September, 1903; the smallest for land stations, 310 for October, 1901. The largest number for a single day is 52 marine for 22nd January, 1903, and 25 land for 27th May, 1902 ; but for all other days in that

8

month 24 land observations have been charted. The smallest number of observations for a single day is 19 marine for 9th October, 1903, 10 land throughout October, 1901, and 10 to 11 throughout March, 1904.

In the Eegisters issued by the Meteorological Office, observers were requested to give a few readings of their barometer in ports visited in order that the error of the instrument might be estimated. Facilities were given for recording these readings in the Register by the introduction of a special form.

Some of the observations received from British ships were recorded by trained observers with properly verified instruments provided by the Office ; the errors of these instruments were known ; but the majority of instrumental observations were derived from barometers and thermometers supplied by the owners of the vessels in which the observers were serving. The errors of these instruments were ascertained, when possible, by comparison with standards at various ports, and the corrections registered, verified or otherwise, by the comparison of readings noted in the special form of the Register with the corresponding values published in the Daily Weather Reports of the country in which the observations were taken.

Entries in the Registers of doubtful acciiracy have been discarded, and it must be admitted that a small percentage of the wind observations charted are not in good agreement with the distribution of barometric pressure to which they are related, particularly as regards direction. The discrepancies may, in most cases, be attributed to the failure of the observer to realise, or to make sufficient allowance for, the effects of aberration caused by the vessel's own motion.

THE DAILY AND MONTHLY CHARTS.

The result of the work is represented by daily charts for Noon Greenwich Mean Time with charts for monthly pressure and air temperature.

In some respects the Daily Synchronous Charts are unique. The conditions which they are intended to represent at a given time each day, for a period of thirty months, refer to an area that is far larger than that embraced by any similar set of charts hitherto published. They include localities in the Antarctic, and furnish daily a link between the conditions existing simultaneously in frigid zones and in sub-tropical latitudes, represented on the one hand by three widely separated localities in Antarctica, and on the other by the southern segments of the tropical anticyclones of the Southern Hemisphere. They establish, as a fact, the permanence of these high-pressure areas of the great oceans, and show the gradual seasonal migrations of the South Atlantic, South Pacific, and Indian Ocean anticyclones by the slow oscillations of their southern edges.

Notwithstanding the large number of observations collated, the localities for which data are available for each daily chart are comparatively few, and frequently isolated, owing to the vastness of the area to which collectively they are related. Despite the sparseness of the observations charted, and the obvious incompleteness in sequence of the conditions which the charts are designed to represent, the information they afford is considerable, for not only are the positions of many high- and low-pressure systems over various parts of the regions under notice indicated, but these " Highs " and " Lows " can, for the most part, be identified day after day, the means being thus afforded for tracing the directions in which their centres moved during more or less prolonged periods.

The limits of areas over which cyclonic depressions exercised an influence can, moreover, in a few instances be defined and occasionally the places of their origin or extinction roughly determined.

As regards the charts of monthly pressure and air temperature at sea-level for each of the thirty months under notice, although the number of observations upon which they are based is comparatively small, even for those months in which the more ample data are available, it may nevertheless be claimed that they exhibit broadly the more salient features in the distribution of the respective elements they represent during the periods to which they refer. In addition, the charts of mean monthly pressure and air temperature side by side with those of normal pressure and air temperature supply the means for comparing the distribution of these elements, in the several months, with the average distribution.

The tables of monthly average wind and gale frequency introduced assist in the interpretation of the mean monthly chart.

DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM THE STUDY OF THE

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.

WITH WIND AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

THE PATHS OF THE CYCLONIC DEPRESSIONS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN.

Hitherto adequate information has been wanting for the purpose of defining the average paths of cyclonic depressions which visit the Southern Ocean and Southern Continents during the several seasons of the year, and this information these circumpolar charts to some extent supply.

An attempt was made by the present writer in the year 1890 to determine, by the aid of observations extracted from a large number of logs relating to voyages between the Cape of Good Hope and Australasia during the three years lssT-9, the mean paths of the centres of cyclonic systems moving eastward South of the 38th parallel of latitude,* and subsequently to trace the centres of high- and low-pressure system- in transit eastward over Australasia, t by reference principally to synoptic charts prepared at the Sydney Observatory under the direction of the late Mr. H. C. KUSSELL, then Government Astronomer for New South Wales.

From the information obtained by means of the data contained in the logs referred to it was inferred that East of the 30th meridian of East longitude the centres of atmospheric disturbances appeared to travel to the eastward usually on paths lying South of the 43rd parallel of latitude during winter months and South of the 46th parallel during summer months. The evidence anWded by the daily synoptic charts of Australasia also appeared to favour this assumption, which is now confirmed by the testimony of the daily charts under notice.

In a memoir by the writer upon the Climatology of South Victoria Land and the Neighbouring Seas,:f which is included in the published results of meteorological observations of the "Discovery" Expedition, during the years 1901 to 1904, attention is directed to the exceptionally favourable position, regarded as a meteorological station in the Southern Ocean, in which the Winter Quarters of the Exploring Ship "Gauss," of the German Antarctic Expedition, was situated. The value of the data obtained at this station, on the fringe of Antarctica, is, moreover, considerably enhanced by observations recorded at the German station on Kergtielen Island, because together they throw light upon points in connexion with the surface distribution of pressure and wind in cyclonic systems of the Southern Ocean, in regard to which little has hitherto been known.

The following remarks in this connexion, which appear in the memoir referred to, are based upon the data incorporated in the daily charts; it is, therefore, considered admissible to repeat them in these pages.

Lying to the South of the westerly winds of the Southern Ocean, and at the limits of the southern segment of those low-pressure areas which move from West to East with the westerly air current of the Southern Hemisphere, the AVinter Quarters of the German Antarctic Expedition were exceptionally well situated as an observing station from a meteorological point of view.

It has been thought by meteorologists, who have attacked the problem, that, associated with the depressions which traverse the Southern Oceans, depressions which are usually elliptical in shape and have their major axes extended in a northerly and southerly direction, the easterly winds in the southern segment of the system are almost always light or moderate in force. Ships running down the easting in

» "Wind Systems and Trade Routes between the Cape of Good Hope and Australia," 'Quarterly Journal, K' vii Meteorological Society,' Vol. XVII. (1891), pp. 21-27.

f "The Tracks of Ocean Wind Systems in Transit across Australasia," 'Quarterly Journal, K.I.MI! M r I, ,,,•,, lc,{;i,-ul S.n icH ,' Vol. XIX. (18SI3), pp. 34-38.

J " Climatology of Victoria Land and the Neighbouring Seas," 'National Antarctic Expedition, Meteorology,' Part I.

C

10

high southern latitudes seldom experience strong winds or gales from Eastward, even when there appears to be evidence to show that they are situated well to the south of the central " low " of a cyclonic wind system. It has, therefore, been assumed that in these systems the gradient polewards is normally slight, and that on its southern side the low pressure dominates but a small area.

The results of observations obtained by the German Expedition at Kerguelen Island and at Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land go far to prove that depressions which traverse the Southern Ocean cover a much larger area on their southern side than was hitherto supposed, and that although Easterly gales are seldom met with on the trade routes referred to, nevertheless they occur, considerably further south, it is true, but still within the limits of the system and forming part of their circulation.

The rise of temperature which was associated with gales from Eastward at the " Gauss " Winter Station and which, as a rule, continued until the wind began to moderate, may be attributed to the circulation of warm air drawn from lower and warmer latitudes about a minimum pressure far north of the station.

Frequently the daily observations at noon G.M.T. of barometer and wind recorded by the German Antarctic Expedition at Kerguelen Island and at the " Gauss " Winter Quarters respectively — the former supplemented and confirmed by similar observations made on board ships situated in the neighbourhood of the island — indicate a connexion between the strong winds and gales from Northward and Westward associated with diminishing pressure at Kerguelen and the strong winds and gales from eastward experienced at the " Gauss " station. The distance between the meridians of these two stations respectively, on a middle latitude of 57° 43' S., is about 630 miles. As instances in which the common origin of these increases in wind force, experienced at the two stations, is shown, the following cases are cited. Doubtless the fuller data in the possession of the German meteorologists bring into greater prominence the connexion referred to. It should be understood that noon G.M.T. observations only are cited.

18th to ZOtli Felmanj, 19* t.'.

At Kerguelen Island on the 18th February, 1902, at noon G.M.T., the barometer stood at 29 '75 inches, the thermometer at 45° F. ; the wind was from West, force 5. Next day the mercury had fallen to 29 '43 inches, the temperature had risen 1°; and the wind, still from West, had increased to a fresh gale, indicating a gradient to the South.. On the 20th the barometer had risen to 29 '80 inches, the thermometer showed a drop in the temperature to 42° F., and the wind had backed to West-south-west. The depression was passing away to the eastward.

By this time, at noon G.M.T., on the 20th, on board the "Gauss," in latitude 65° 55' S., longitude 90° 20' E., the barometer indicated a pressure of 29 ' 55 inches, which was diminishing, the thermometer marked 28° F., and a fresh breeze was blowing from East. The mercury had fallen to 29 "28 inches on the 21st in latitude 66° 17' S., longitude 90° 43' E. ; temperature had risen to 31° F., and the direction and force of the wind were the same as on the previous day. On the 22nd, the " Gauss " being then in her Winter Quarters, the mercury had fallen but slightly, to 29 '25 inches; the temperature had dropped to 25° F., and a strong gale was blowing from East-by-south. The gale had not abated at noon G.M.T. on the day following, when the direction of the wind had changed to East. The barometer then stood at 29-23 inches, the thermometer at 24° F. The mercury had fallen to 29' 14 inches on the 24th; temperature had risen to 29° F., but the gale was abating.

23rd to 2Sth April, 1902.

On the 23rd April of the same year, at noon G.M.T., pressure at Kerguelen Island had fallen 0-71 inch and temperature had risen 8° F. during the preceding 24 hours. The barometer then read 29 • 20 inches and the thermometer 48° F. ; the breeze blew freshly from West-north-west. At the same G.M.T. a barometer reading of 29 '58 inches was recorded at the " Gauss" station; the temperature was 9° F., and the wind gentle from East-south-east. On the 24th the mercury had risen to 29 "33 inches at Kerguelen Island, the temperature had dropped to 34° F., and the wind had backed to South-west-by-west and moderated. The disturbance, with which the diminution of 'pressure at the island had been associated, was then passing away to the eastward. At the " Gauss " station the mercury had by this time fallen to

11

29 '35 inches, the thermometer had risen to 17° F., and a strong gale from Kast-by-noi th had set in. The mercury continued to fall, on the 25th it had fallen to 29' 11 inches, and the thermometer marked 16° F. ; the direction of the wind had not changed, but the force had increased to 10.

Ths barometer was down to 28 '49 inches on the 26th ; the thermometer had risen to 17° F., and the wind still blew with the force of a whole gale from East-by-north. On the day following the mercury had risen to 28 '72 inches and was still rising; temperature had dropped to 16' F., and the gale continued, unabated, from the same point. The wind moderated on the 28th, when the mercury had risen to 29-23 inches.

2nd to 6ili Mnii, 10":.

Between the 2nd and 6th May, 1902, pressure at Kerguelen Island diminished from 29 '92 inches to

28 -84 inches, and fresh winds were experienced from North-westward, backing to Westward. The temperature between the 4th and 5th had risen from 34° F. to 42° F. From the 4th to the 7th of the month, inclusive, the "Gauss" station was visited by a strong to whole gale from East-by-north, pressure having diminished from 29-24 inches, on the 3rd, to 28 '52 inches on the 6th, and temperature risen during that period from - 4° F. to 21° F.

}.'-th toHjth Mail, /.'"/.'.

Again, between the 15th and 17th of the same month, pressure at Kerguelen Island declined from

29 • 33 inches to 28 • 90 inches, and temperature rose from 30° F. to 42° F. Strong winds from between West-north-west and West-south-west were recorded at this time and also on the 18th at the island, and strong winds and gales on board ships in the neighbourhood of the island.

At the German station in the Antarctic the barometer showed a fall from 29 '23 inches to 29 '09 inches between the 17th and 18th, the thermometer a rise from 9° F. to 13° F., and the wind, from East-by-north, increased in force to a fresh gale. On the 19th the barometer had risen to 29 '24 inches, and the wind increased from the same point to a whole gale. Next day the mercury had risen to 29 '43 inches, temperature had dropped to 8° F., and the gale was over.

4th tn 1th June, 1902.

\ rapid diminution of pressure, rise of temperature, and increase of wind to gale force, which occurred from the 4th to the 6th June at the Antarctic station, was evidently associated with a diminution of pressure and increase of wind to gale force previously recorded (between the 3rd and 5th of the month) at Kerguelen Island and on board the S.S. " Waimate," in a position, on the 4th, rather more than 100 miles south of the island.

Subsequently, between the 6th and 7th of June, the " Waimate," passing the meridian of the " Gauss " station in latitude 50£" S., experienced a fresh to strong gale from West-south-west, veering to North- west, while pressure increased at the Antarctic station, and the wind moderated from a whole gale to a strong breeze.

.it'n in .s1/// Jiii /t, r:>02.

On the 5th July a rapid fall of the mercury recorded at Kerguelen Island and on board ships approaching the neighbourhood of the island resulted in an increase of wind on the 6th, which had backed from North-west to West, and blew a fresh gale from the latter direction. During these two days the mercury at the "Gauss" station fell 0'58 inch, and the thermometer rose 11", and on the 7th an increasing wind attained the force of a fresh gale. The barometer then commenced to rise ; the tempe- rature had risen 5; since the preceding day, and marked 21* F. Next day the gale was over.

11th to /Xtli ,lnl ti, 1908.

From the 12th to the 13th of the same month barometric pressure at Kerguelen Island declined from 29'82 inches to 28 '84 inches, the wind at the same time backing from North-west to West, and freshening. Between the llth and 12th the thermometer had risen I .

C 2

12

On the 13th a light South-west breeze obtained at the Antarctic station, pressure increasing, the temperature - 11 ° F. On the 14th the barometer there read as high as 29 '58 inches; the temperature had risen to - 4° F., but the wind had backed to East-by-south, and was entered in the record as a fresh breeze. On the loth the mercury had fallen half an inch, the thermometer risen 19°, and the wind was blowing with storm force from East-by-north. With a slight recovery of pressure on the 16th, it moderated to a fresh gale, but subsequently increased to a strong gale, still from the same point, and this continued, pressure the while declining, until the 18th, when the barometer had fallen to 28'61 inches, and the thermometer marked 17° F. Pressure recovered next day and the wind moderated, but the temperature had risen to 20° F. ; it fell, however, on the 20th to 1° F.

30th July to 8th August, !(><>, !.

A rapid fall in the barometer from 30-37 inches to 29 -G2 inches occurred at Kerguelen Island between the 30th and 31st July, occasioning an increase of wind, and associated with a slight rise of temperature. On these days the mercury fell 0-4 inch at the " Gauss" station, and the direction of the wind changed from West-north-west on the 30th to East-by-south on the 31st, increasing in force at the same time. On the 1st August the mercury had fallen as low as 27 '82 inches, and a whole gale was blowing from East- by-north. The temperature had risen 10° since noon G.M.T. of the preceding clay.

A diminution of pressure and decrease in wind force recorded at Kerguelen Island and on board ships in the neighbourhood of the island, on the 6th and 7th August, appear to have been associated with a diminution of pressure, rise of temperature, and increase of wind from East-by-north to gale force, recorded on board the " Gauss " on the 7th and 8th of the month.

15th to 17th August, 1902.

Reduction of pressure at the island, again, on the 15th to the 17th of the same month, was followed at the "Gauss" station by a rise of temperature between the 16th and 17th of 25°, and a fall in the barometer of 0'74 inch between the 17th and 18th, together with an increase of wind from East-by-north on the 18th to storm force.

llth and 12th, 20th and 21st October, 1902.

Diminishing pressure, accompanied by increase of wind, recorded at Kerguelen Island and by ships in the neighbourhood of the island on the llth and 12th October, and again on the 20th and 21st of that month, was followed at the German Antarctic station by decline of pressure, rise of temperature, and increase of wind to whole gale force.

llth to 14th December, 1902.

On the 1 1th December a fall in the barometer of more than half an inch had been recorded at Kerguelen Island for the previous 24 hours, and the ship " Niagara," some 250 miles north-eastward of the island, was experiencing a strong gale from North-north-west. On the following day the centre of disturbance, progressing eastward, had passed the meridian of the station at Kerguelen, and the S.S. " Salami's," in the immediate neighbourhood of the island, had a strong wind from South-by-west. At the German station in the Antarctic pressure was then giving way, but the wind, from East-north-east, was light. About ] 300 miles due north of the " Gauss " the " Loch Torridon " recorded a strong wind from North-by-west and a barometer reading of 29 '56 inches, which was 0'28 inch higher than the reading recorded at the same time on board the " Gauss."

The "Niagara," then in about 45° S. latitude, 81-^° E. longitude, still had the wind from Northward, and was therefore in front of the trough of the depression. On the 13th the "Loch Torridon" and the " Niagara " carried a Westerly wind, and the latter, in about 45° S. latitude, 86i° E. longitude, was running before a fresh gale, with the central low to the southward of her.

13

The Antarctic station, where pressure had continued to give way, was now under the full influence of the disturbance, and a fresh Easterly gale was blowing there, but the wind moderated next day. I hiring this gale temperature appears to have changed very little.

6th toStli l-'iln-ii-n-ii, I'.iOS.

A diminution of pressure recorded at Kerguelen Island and on board ships in the neighbourhood of the island between the 6th and 8th February, 1903, which was accompanied by an increase of wind, was followed on the 9th by a diminution of pressure and a strong gale from East, in 65° 53' S., 89° 21' E., the position in which the " Gauss " was situated.

Other instances furnished by synchronous G.M.T. observations could be cited to show how the gales experienced at Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land, during the sojourn there of the German Exploring Expedition, frequently owed their origin to systems of low pressure travelling eastward, which had previously affected the weather conditions of Kerguelen and ships in the neighbourhood of the island, giving rise to strong winds and gales in those localities.

Studied in connexion with the more ample information in reference to the meteorology of the Antarctic during the same period, which is given in Part I. of this work, considerable light is thrown by these Charts upon problems relating to pressure distribution and wind circulation in, and in the neighbourhood of, those localities in which the Winter Quarters of the British, German, Si.-uttish, and Swedish Expeditions were situated. They afford additional examples which may be explained by the supposition that the strong winds and gales from polar directions experienced by the "Discovery" Expedition in South Victoria Land were accompanied by a decided rise of temperature, because they had their origin in lower latitudes over the ocean.

The train of low-pressure areas during their passage eastward in this part of the Southern Ocean frequently follows a more southerly path after passing Cape Adair, the centres of the depressions striking south-eastward and the areas of disturbance spreading over the Koss Sea.

With a cyclonic depression dominating air circulation over, and in the vicinity of, the Koss Sea, winds are Northerly to North-easterly in the eastern segment of the system, seaward ; Easterly to South-easterly in the southern segment, over and immediately to the south of the ice barrier; and Southerly to South- westerly in the western segment, following the trend of the mountain ranges. It is contended, therefore, that the relative warmth of the winds having a southerly component in South Victoria Land may reasonably be attributed to the place of origin in lower latitudes over the ocean, though the cold of higher polar regions makes itself felt in the south-westerly segment of the cyclonic depression of that region.

The J'f'eddell Sea Region.

McMurdo Sound is situated nearly 400 miles south of North Cape, and west of the easternmost spur of the Admiralty Range. It is, in consequence, sheltered to some extent from northerly winds by this range, and by the east coast ranges, including Prince Albert Mountains, which alford shelter from north-westerly winds also.

Snow Hill, sheltered for the most part from between North-north-east and West by the heights of Joinville Island, which include Mount Percy, by those of Louis Philippe Land, and of Palmer Land, from which rises Mount Haddington, is somewhat similarly situated as regards exposure to winds, so that strong winds and gales from an equatorial quarter are rarely experienced there, while Southerly and South-westerly winds prevail, and frequently attain to gale force.

Because the depressions which exercise the most influence upon the weather conditions of the South Orkneys are those which move to the south-eastward after passing the 60th meridian, the average air circulation in, and in the neighbourhood of, the Weddell Sea, accruing from a procession of these cyclones, approximates to that which would obtain were an area of low pressure situated over that sea, occasioning Northerly and North-westerly winds over the eastern side of the sea, Easterly on the southern side ; Southerly and South-westerly on the western, and Westerly on the northern side.

14

The prevailing winds at Laurie Island, South Orkneys, the station of the Scottish Antarctic Expedition, during the year 1903 were North-westerly, but Northerly and Westerly winds were rather frequent. At Snow Hill, the Swedish station, the average direction of the wind, from March, 1902, to October, 1903, inclusive, was about South-south-west, the prevailing winds being from South or South-west. When gales occurred they blew almost exclusively from Southward and South-westward. On board the " Scotia," near the ice barrier bordering the land discovered by the Scottish Expedition in latitude 74° 1' S., longitude 22° W., and named by the leader, Mr. BRUCE, " Coats Land," the prevailing direction of the wind from the 7th to the 12th of March, 1904, the period of the " Scotia's" stay there, was Easterly; and from the 7th to the 10th the wind Hew with gale force.

It seems probable that between sea and ice barrier in the southern extremity of the Weddell Sea, under normal conditions, there exists a slight pressure gradient for Easterly winds, and that the gales from Eastward which occur there are the result of a steepening of this gradient associated with depressions centred to the north of the barrier, and moving eastward or south-eastward.

The Region of Kaigi-r inilirhii II. Land.

At the Winter Quarters of the German Expedition, in latitude 66° 2' S., longitude 89° 48' W., where the "Gauss" lay frozen in during the period March, 1902, to February, 1903, nearly 53 per cent, of all wind observations were of winds from East-by-north, East, and East-by-south ; 73 per cent, being from directions in the eastern half of the horizon; 16 per cent, from directions in the western half; and 11 per cent, being noted as calms.* The Easterly winds were stronger than those from any other direction ; out of 793 hours of strong winds, recorded in the course of twelve months, no less than 90 per cent, were from East-by-north, East, or East-by-south.

From the 28th April to the 10th May, and again from the 28th September to the 9th October, periods of 13 and 15 days respectively, meteorological observations were obtained at the foot of the Gaussberg, a mountain situated in latitude 66° 48' S., longitude 89° 30' E., on the verge of the inland ice barrier, 53 miles south from the " Gauss." By comparing the observations of barometric pressure taken at this station with those obtained on board the " Gauss," it was found that pressure was slightly higher at the foot of the mountain than it was on board the ship. During the earlier period the difference amounted to 1-7 mm. (0-067 inch), and during the latter to 0'8 mm. (O'OSl inch).

This slight increase of pressure landward was thought to be confirmatory of an inference that had been drawn from the direction of the prevailing wind that pressure increased with latitude southward.

Whether this be the case or not, the frequency of winds from Eastward is doubtless due to the existence of a pressure gradient between land and sea, and to the general east and west trend of the coast line.

The steepness of this pressure gradient is increased, and Easterly gales occasioned, by the incursion of eastward moving low-pressure wind systems. The Easterly gales experienced by the German Expedition at the " Gauss " station were always attended with a steady rise of air temperature, the thermometer continuing to rise until the wind had attained its maximum force. This increase of temperature associated with gales from Eastward may be regarded as a proof that the winds have their origin in lower, warmer, and possibly in tropical latitudes over the ocean, and that they form part of the circulation of eastward moving cyclonic systems, flowing in front of their centres ; for during gales from Westward at this station there was always a fall of temperature. The remaining part of the air from the Northward, which, by circulating in rear of these central " lows," had parted with its heat during its passage over the Antarctic, is reinforced by air from polar regions, and occasions a fall of temperature.

The Westerly winds that are shown by the charts to occur occasionally at Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land immediately after a cyclonic depression has passed eastward to the north of the " Gauss " station, may belong to the wind system of a secondary depression, and the fall of temperature with which it is attended may be due to the introduction of air of polar origin into the circulation of this secondary.

It will be seen from the foregoing that, as a result of the wind circulation set up during the passage

"Wind Conditions at the ' Q-auss' Winter Quarters," by Dr. WILH. MEINARDFS, Berlin, 'The Proceedings of the Fifteenth German Assembly o£ Geographers at Danzig in 1905.'

15

eastward of successive low-pressure -ystems over the Southern Ocean, relatively warm «iir is constantly being drawn from lower latitudes in front of central ureas of depression, which, after parting with heat in the frigid zone and being still further chilled by the mixing of air of polar origin, leave the Antarctic as a cold wind.

This exposition of surface wind circulation in high latitudes, which is based on a close examination of the results of observations represented on the daily charts, was offered by the writer in the memoir on the Climatology of South Victoria Land in Part I. of this work. The proposition has since been elaborated and extended to equatorial regions by Dr. W. J. LOCKYER,* who suggests that the warm air currents circulating in front of the baric minima of eastward moving depressions are of equatorial origin, and that after they have traversed the southern and western segments of their circuit they rejoin the westerly air current, and so return by the trade wind circulation to the equator on the eastern side of anticyclones.

This, as the writer understands it, is in effect the suggestion put forward, and it is a proposition with which, in the main, he is in accord.

ANTICYCLONES OF TUE Srr.-TKoricAi. I!E[.T.

In regard to this subject Dr. LOCKYER, in the work already quoted, favours the views held by the lain Mr. H. C. BussELL, F.R.S., C.M.G., in regard to these ocean anticyclones and the high-pressure belt. He believes that in latitudes north of the zone of travelling depressions in the Southern Ocean a train of anticyclones moves eastward, following one another in quick succession, and that in charting the mean results of barometer readings recorded in those latitudes the effect is p-oduced on charts relating to average pressure of permanent areas of maximum barometer within a permanent belt where barometer readings are relatively high. Dr. LOCKYER thinks that anticyclones make the circuit of the globe, forming, dispersing, and reforming during their passage, and that it is in this manner that the temperate zone is bridged, and the union between tropical and polar air circulation established. He supposes, moreover, that between each of the anticyclones the northern segments of extensive cyclonic depressions, travelling eastward, obtrude, while the anticyclones move with them.

Mr. RUSSELL assumed the rate of translation of these hypothetical systems of high pressure over the Southern Ocean to be about 460 miles per day ; were his theory correct, however, a vessel of average speed running eastward between the 30th and 40th or even the 45th parallels of latitude would be over- taken by a succession of anticyclones. On the approach of each the wind would commence to freshen from some point between South and West with a rising barometer, subsequently veering to Northward with a falling barometer and moderating; and a vessel making the passage homeward from Australia rid the Cape of Good Hope in about the 30th parallel would meet these high-piv>sure svstems, moving in the opposite direction, and experience a similar sequence of changes repeated in rapid succession.

Now it is well known that the reverse obtains; winds experienced by vessels running eastward commence to freshen from a northerly or north-westerly direction with a falling barometer; back to the south westward or southward with a rising barometer and moderate.

To the navigator making the passage between the meridian of Cape Point and that of Cape Leeuwin or of Stewart Island the overtaking depressions arc of so marked a character, and the influence they exert upon the progress of his vessel so considerable, that there can be in his mind at least no doubt as to their dominance over the weather.

The evidence afforded by the synchronous daily charts under notice, as well as by charts of average barometrical pressure, is, moreover, in direct contradiction to Mr. RUSSELL'S theory, while, on the other hand, it can lie proved conclusively by reference to Mirh charts that the anticyclones of the great ocean-: are permanent systems of high pressure.

It must be admitted, nevertheless, that the appearance over the extreme west of Australia, on the daily weather charts that are drafted, of these antir\-r],ines, month after month, and their regular progress across the island continent conveys the impression that they are visitors from the Indian Ocean and might have formed, as Mr. Ki SSI.I.L supposed, thousands of miles to the westward.

* 'Southern Hemisphere Surfaee Air Circulation,' by WILLIAM J. S. LOCKVKII, M. \. ((.'nntab.), Ph.D. (Guttingcn). F.R.A.S., Chief Assistant, Solar Physics Observatory.

16

The interchange of air between equatorial and polar regions may be effected through the intermediary of anticyclonic circulations, albeit these high-pressure systems are permanent ; and, in the opinion of the writer, the temperate zones are bridged in this manner. The heat thus transmitted from low to high latitudes, while mitigating in some measure the severity of the climate of northern Antarctica, may also contribute towards the disruption of ice from outlying ice barriers. Similarly the introduction of cool air from high to low latitudes doubtless exercises an ameliorating effect upon tropical regions through the agency of the trade winds.

THE KATE OF TRAVEL OF CYCLONIC DEPRESSIONS.

To revert to the cyclonic depressions experienced in far southern seas ; it has been ascertained* that in the Southern Ocean, between the meridians of 10° and 140° E., the strongest gales experienced near the centre of a cyclonic depression blow in its front, from between North-east and Xorth-west, and that the wind moderates when it backs to Westward, as pressure increases ; whereas gales that occur within the northern segment of a cyclonic depression remote from its centre attain their highest velocity in rear of the line of lowest barometer readings, from some point to the South of West, usually from about South- west, while pressure is rapidly recovering, the wind having been comparatively moderate from North- westward while pressure was diminishing.

The high velocity of the wind on the outskirts of a depression in rear of its centre may be attributed partly to the proximity of the high-pressure belt situated to the north of the Westerly air current, and partly to the rapid recovery of pressure that takes place by replenishment of air from a polar quarter.

The paths followed by centres of cyclonic depressions vary with the season ; the parallels along which thej- move to the eastward depending mainly upon the position of the tropical high-pressure belt which consists, for the most part, of the southern anticyclones of the great oceans; which, in addition to their annual east and west expansion and contraction, have a motion North and South. The amplitude of these seasonal oscillations appears to vary in different years ; and it has been suggested that the tropical anticyclones may have a cycle of long period as well as a seasonal movement. This point will be referred to later.

The average paths of the centres of cyclonic depressions depicted on the daily charts under notice have been estimated and grouped. The method employed in their construction was as follows : — The probable positions of the centres of all depressions, that can be identified day after day on four or more consecutive daily charts, were plotted on skeleton charts. Four charts were used for this purpose, one for each season of the year; and the several positions allotted to the centre of each identical system was joined by a line. Parallel to, and bisecting as nearly as possible the areas covered by the paths indicated, a line was drawn to represent the average path.

In grouping the paths in seasons, the months of September, October, November are selected to represent Spring ; December, January, February : Summer ; March, April, May : Autumn,; and June, July, August : Winter.

The results obtained are as follow : — The average path of all central areas of depression charted for the entire period, October, 1901, to March, 1904, is found to have been in about the 52nd parallel. Between the meridians of 20° E. and 150' E., that is to say, over the South Indian division of the Southern Ocean, it was between the 49th and 50th parallels; and between 150° E. and 70' W., the South Pacific division, in about the 55th.

The South Atlantic division of the ocean, embraced by the meridians 70" W. and 20° E., is rarely visited by ships, except on the western side ; the observations relating to that portion of the Southern Ocean are, therefore, limited almost exclusively to that side, and to that side only the average paths estimated for this division of the ocean refer.

During each of the seasons the centres of depression after passing the meridian of Joinville Island, about 56° W., either struck eastward or south-eastward; or moved east-north-eastward or north-eastward.

In the Spring of the year the average path taken by centres of depression is found to have been between

* ' The Tracks of Oceau Wind Systems in Transit across Australasia,' quoted ou p. U.

17

the 4!i(h and 50th parallels in the Indian division, and between the 54th and the 55th in the Pacific. The centres entered the Atlantic division on or near the 58th parallel, thence about one-third of them moved north-eastward, and the remainder passed between Danco Land and the South Orkneys. During the Summer months the 53rd was the average parallel along which the centres travelled eastward in the Indian division, and they followed a path between the 56th and 57th in that of the Pacific. After p .."in- the 56th meridian of W. longitude, about half the central areas of depression travelled East-south-east between Palmer Land and Danco Land and the South Orkneys, and the other half ]>a>>ed away to the noi th-east ward. During Autumn and Winter the paths were confined to zones between 48° S. and 49° S. in the South Indian division, and between 55 S. and ~>6 S. in the Pa'-irir. After entering the Atlantic division, rather less than one-third of the centres moved east-south-eastward or eastward across Danco Lund, 01 between Danco Land and the South Orkneys, the remainder passing east-north-eastward or north-eastward into the Atlantic. A few crossed Tierra del Fuego or the southern extremity of Patagonia,

The paths of cyclonic centres are found to have been more scattered during the Autumn and Winter months than in Spring and Summer in all parts of the Southern Ocean.

Cyclonic storms, presumably of tropical origin, are represented on each of the charts on which the central positions of Summer and Autumn depressions were plotted, but they are confined to the western portion of the Pacific division of the Southern Ocean. These appear to have moved into the Tasnian Sea from the north-westward, one in the Summer of 1901 and one in each of the Autumns of 1902 and 1903.

The centre of the 1902 storm moved south-eastward to the north-west coast of New Zealand, thence

south, passing through Cook Strait, and subsequently zigzagged to the eastward. It ran be identified on

the daily charts from a position in about 34 S., 169i° E., on the 12th December to a position in about

S., 148i° W., on the 10th of that month, representing a travel of 2187 nautical miles, at an average

rate of translation of 312 nautical miles per day.

The cyclones of the Autumns of 1901 and 1903 moved east-south-eastward after crossing the 30th parallel, but cannot be traced to the eastward of the 180th meridian.

The tropical disturbance of December, 1901, above mentioned, is not the only cyclonic depression that can be traced on the daily charts for a number of days consecutively. Similar instances of identification, day after day, of such systems after their initial location can be cited as follows : —

March 7-15, 1902. From 56 S., 140 W. to 55' S., SO' W. = 2243 miles; 280 miles per day. May 2-10, 1902. From 53° S., 102 E. to 17' S., 175° E. = 2840 miles; 355 miles per day. May 29-June 5, 1902. From 47£° S., 17° E. to 60° S., 83° E. = 2433 miles; 348 miles per day. September 2-9, 1902. From 57° S., 80° E. to 47° S., 131£° E. = 2510 miles; 359 miles per day. May 16-23, 1903. From 54° S., 131° W. to 58' S., 72° W. = 1995 miles; 285 miles per day. September 21-29, 1903. From 47£° S., 89° E. to 50£° S., 130° E. = 1625 miles; 203 miles per day. December 10-17, 1903. From 40 S., 130° E. to 55° S., 171° E. = 1890 miles; 270 miles per day. February 8-15, 1904. From W S., 154' E. to 52£° S., 166° W. = 1890 miles; 270 miles per day.

If the centres of the respective cyclonic depressions have been correctly located, the average daily rate at which they progressed was nearly 300 miles.

While the number of cyclone systems that can be identified for four or more days in succession, during their passage over the ocean, is large, the only moving anticyclonic systems that can be traced for more than three consecutive days are :— (1) Those that appear to have their origin to the west of Australia, the centres of which travel eastward, join the Australian "high," and subsequently move across or to the south of Australia, over the Tasman SIM and New Zealand or immediately north or south of those islands, and then disappear over the Pacific. (2) Those that move eastwards from the South American Continent, over the sea, and soon after disappear over the Atlantic.

The former appear to originate as secondary high-pressure systems thrown off the South Indian anticyclone; the latter appear to form over the land.

As regards the paths of anticyclones, shown on the charts, the instances are rare in which areas of high barometer, other than those that obviously form part of the permanent anticyclones of the great oceans,

D

18

can be traced over the ocean for more than three consecutive days ; and when such areas can be identified for as many as three days, their movements are shown to be erratic and slow.

Over the continents it is otherwise, and in connexion with an investigation, already referred to, the writer found that from November to March inclusive the centres of moving anticyclones that appear over Australia follow paths lying chiefly over the ocean, not far from but to the South of the island Continent, thence over the Tasman Sea, and across or just South of the Middle and South Island of New Zealand ; but from May to September inclusive, chiefly over the southern part of Australia, over the Tasman Sea and New Zealand.

He expressed the opinion that these anticyclones form over the cool plains of Western Australia during the winter months, and over the relatively cool sea immediately South-west of the land during the summer, spreading subsequently from the sea northward over the land.

Evidence is not wanting, moreover, to prove that small areas of high pressure, breaking off the Indian Ocean anticyclone, drift eastward and reinforce these high pressure areas that have formed ; and that the relatively high-pressure ridges which follow in rear of depressions also are merged in these "highs."

CHARTS OF MEAN PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

By a close examination of the data exhibited on the charts of mean pressure for Noon G.M.T., month by month, it is found possible to follow the seasonal oscillations of the tropical high-pressure belt, as represented by the southern margins of the ocean anticyclones : and, by comparing each chart with the accompanying chart illustrating normal pressure distribution, to detect displacements of the belt from its average southern limit in any month or series of months to which the charts refer. The evidence thus afforded by the pressure charts is in a measure supplemented by a similar comparison of the charted observations of air temperature with average results on the charts accompanying them. Thus it is found that during the last three months of 1901 the southern margins of the South Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and South-eastern Pacific permanent high-pressure areas were North and West of their average positions ; that of the South-western Pacific was South of the average, and exhibited no departure from the average as regards longitude. In these months the mean air temperature appears to have been above the normal in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean divisions c/f the Southern Ocean ; but about the normal in the South-eastern and South-western Pacific divisions.

During the greater part of 1902 the ocean anticyclones were again North of their average southern limits and the Atlantic anticyclone was West of its average position. The Indian Ocean and South Pacific anticyclones, however, appear in their average positions as regards longitude.

Air temperature over the Southern Ocean, as indicated by the charts, was in each month of this year either about the normal or above it, except in the South-western Pacific division of the ocean, where it seems to have been below the normal.

During the year 1 903 the southern margin of the high-pressure belt is charted in or near its average parallels ; and, while the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean areas of maximum pressure are shown to have been West of their average positions, the two South Pacific areas are located slightly to the East of the average.

As regards mean air temperature during that year, this appears from the position of the isotherms to have been higher than the normal over the South Atlantic and the South-eastern Pacific divisions of the Southern Ocean, slightly above the normal over the Indian Ocean division, and slightly below the normal over the South-western Pacific division.

In the first three months of 1904 the southern margin of the belt is charted in about its average parallels. The air temperature indicated by the isotherms for those months is above normal, except in the South-Western Pacific division, where a slight defect in temperature is indicated.

In a paper contributed to the Royal Meteorological Society in 1908 by Colonel H. E. RAWSON, C.B., R.E.,* it was pointed out that when isobaric charts of the Southern Hemisphere relating to any month or months which had been prepared in different years were compared with one another, the action-centre of the South

* " The Anticyclonie Belt of the Southern Hemisphere," ' Quarterly Journal, Roy. Met. Soc.,' July, 1908.

19

Atlantic anticyclone was found to occupy different positions in the corresponding month or months on the charts of each of these years. He found that if BUCHAN'S charts, published in 1869, are compared with those prepared by the same authority for 1870-84, or if MOHX'S charts published in 1879, 1883 and 1903 are compared with those prepared by the Meteorological Office, which are based on observations recorded in nearly 3300 logs extending over the period 1855-99, the mean monthly position of tin nfret

will be found to vary very considerably both in latitude and longitude. Colonel RAWSOX concluded that in addition to the seasonal migration of the high-pressure belt, which has so long been recognised, there is a progressive displacement going on from year to year, in consequence of which the belt is in some years nearer to the Equator than in others. He believed he had found strong evidence of cyclical changes having taken place in the belt's latitude, and of the existence of an interval of 9| years between the times of its passing from its extreme northern to its extreme southern positions, and vice n-rfi't. If Colonel RAWSOX'S theory be correct, the belt should have reached the southern limit of its oscillation in 1903. Now although the southern margin of the high-pressure belt in the several divisions of the ocean, as shown on the monthly charts for that year, appears to be in about its average position as regards latitude, it must be admitted that the monthly charts for both 1901 and 1902 place the margin of the belt in lower parallels.

SUMMARY OF THE OBSERVATIONS OF WIND.

On Tables I. to IV. are set forth the number of observations of wind from each of eight cardinal and inter-cardinal points of the compass, and of variable winds and calms recorded in the Southern Ocean during the thirty -months period, October 1901 to March 1904; inclusive also of the number of instances on which these winds attained to gale force.

For the purposes of comparison the observations are arranged according to (1) the respective seasons, (2) the divisions of the Ocean, and (3) the zones to which they relate.

In the classification adopted (p. 16), the months of September, October, November are regarded as representing Spring ; December, January, February as representing Summer ; March, April, May, Autumn ; and June, July, August, Winter. The following are the meridional boundaries selected for representing the three divisions of the Southern Ocean, 150° E. to 70° W., Pacific; 70° W. to 20* E., Atlantic ; 20° E. to 150° E., Indian. The grouping of ocean wind and gale frequency into zones of ten degrees of latitude is adopted for convenience.

Tables V. to IX. state the directions from which the largest and smallest percentages of \vinds of all forces, and of gales only, were recorded in each of the zones and divisions of the Southern Ocenn referred to, in the respective seasons of the year and in all seasons, during the thirty months period.

Table X. furnishes similar information relating to the Southern Ocean as a whole.

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24

TABIF V -Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in each of the Zones, 30°-40° S., 40°-50° S., 50°-60° S, in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz. Pacific, Atlantic, ai

SPRING: September, 1902-3; October, 1901-3; November, 1901-3.

Zone.	Pacific.	Atlantic.	Indian.
Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.	Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.	Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.
30°-40° S. 40°-50° S. so'-eo0 s.	17 '3 S. 17-1 N.; 16 -3 S.W. 23-7N.W.; 21-6 S.W.	7'2 W. 5 -9 E. and S.E. 1 -0 S.E.	1G -8 S.E. 23 -8 N. and N.W. 29 -2 N.W.	7-1 E. 2 '9 E. and S.E. ; 3 -8 S. 0-OE. and S.E. ; 2 -1 N.E. and S.	20 -9 S.W. 19 '8 S.W. ; 19'1 W.; 18-7 N.W. 39 -3 N.	5-8E. 2-OE. 0 -0 S.E. and S.
GALES.
30°-40° S. 40°-50° S. 50°-60° S.	1-1 S. 2 -3 S.W. 1 -5 S.W.	0-OE., S.E., N.W. 0 -0 E. and S.E. 0-0 N.E.-S.E.	1-OS. 1 -9 S.W. and W. 6 -3 S.W.	0 -0 N. and E. 0 -0 N.E.-S. 0-0 N.E.-S.	1-2 W.; I'O S.W. 1 -1 S.W. No gules	O'lN. 0-OE.; 0-1 S.E.; 0-2 N.E. recorded.

TABLE VI -Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in each of the Zones, 30°-40° S, 40°-50° S., 50°-W° S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.

SUMMER: December, January, February, 1901-2, 1902-3, 1903-4.

Zone.	Pacific.	Atlantic.	Indian.
Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.	Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.	Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.
30°-40° S. 40°-50° S. 50°-60° S.	1(5 -5 S. 15 -4 S.W. ; 14 -3 N.E. 22 '5 N.W. ; 19 -4 N.; 19 -0 W.	7 -5 E. ; 8-0 W. 7-4E. 3 -1 E. and S.E.	20-1 N. 22 -7 N. 25-3N.W.; 24 -IN.	6-6 W.; 7 -2 S.W. ; 7-7E. 4 -4 S.E. 4 -3 E. and S.E. ; 6-1 S.	21 -7 S.W. ; 20 -5 S. 21 -7 S.W. ; 20-ON.W.; 19 -4 W. 31 -8 N.W.	5 -5 N.W. 1-8E. 0 -0 N.E. and S.E.
G-ALES.
30°-40° S. 40°-50° S. 60°-60° S.	0 -2 S. and N.W. 1 -3 N.W. 1 -9 N.W.	O-ON.-S.E.; S.W. ; W. 0 -0 E. and S. 0 -2 N.E.-S.	0-2S. 0 -9 N.W. 2-5N.	0 '0 on every other point. O-ON.-E.; S. 0 -0 N.E.-S.	0 -6 S.W. 1-4 W. No gales	0-0 N.E. ; S.E. ; S.; N.W. 0 -0 E. and S.E. recorded.

25

TABLE VII.— Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of "Winds were recorded in each of the Zones, 30°-40°S., 40°-50°S., 50°-60° S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.

AUTUMN: March, 1902, 1903, 1904; April, 1902, 1903; May, 1902, 1903.

Zone.	Pacific.	Atlantic.	Indian.
	Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.	Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.	Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.
30°-40° S.	19 -0 S.	5 -3 N.W. ; 7 -0 E.	18-1 S.E.	7 '6 E. ; 8-1 S.W.	20 -6 S.W.	8-4 N. ; 8-5 E.
40°-50° S.	16 -9 N. ; 16 -4 S.W.	5-4 E; 6-6S.E.	27 '7 N.	1-5 E.	20-2S.W.; 18 -2 W.;	2-6E.
					17 '9 N W
60°-60° S.	23 -2 N.W.	2-5 E.	31 -3 N.W. ; 19 -3 N.	3 -6 S.E.	32 -0 W.	0 -0 E. and S.E.

GALES.
30°-40° S.	1-4S.	0 -3 N.E. ; E. , W.	0-5N. ; S.; S.W.;	0 -0 E. and S.E.	0 -8 S.W.	0 -0 E. and N.W.
			N.W.
40°-60° S.	1 -9 S.W.	0-ON.	2 '2 S.W. and W.	0-0 N.E.-S.	1 -1 S.W.	0 -2 N.W.
50°-60° S.	3 7 N.W.	0-OK.	3-6 W.	O'OS.E.-S.W.	8 -0 S.W.	0-0 N.E.-S. ; N.W.

TABLE VIII. — Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in each of the Zones, 30°-40° S., 40°-50° S., 50°-60° S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.

: June, July, August, 1902, 1903.

Zone.	Pacific.	Atlantic.	Indian.
Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.	Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.	Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.
30°-40° S.	20 -3 S.	7 -7 E. ; 8 -0 W.	14 -8 N.W. ; 14-OS.E.	7 '5 E. ; 8-1 N.E.	19 -6 S.W.	6 -2 N.E.
40°-50° S.	20 -3 S.W.	4-9E.	21 -6 N. and N.W.	2-3 E.	23 -3 S.W.	3 -1 N.E. and E.
60°-60° S.	1 5 -6 S.W. ; 14 -7 N.W.	6-6E.	21 -5 S.W.	5 -1 N.E. and E. ; 6 -3 S.E.	40 -0 N.W.	0 -0 N.E. ; E. j S.W.
GALES.
30°-40° S.	1-4S.	0 -0 N. and N.E.	0 -8 N.W.	0 -0 N.E.-S.	1 4 S.W. 0 -2 E. and S.E.
40°-50° S.	2 -2 S.W. and N.W.	0 -0 N.	3 '4 N.W.	0 -0 N.E. and E.	3 -3 S.W.	0 -0 N.E. and E.
50°-60° S.	2-8 W.	0-OE.	3-8 N.	0-0 N.K. and S.E.	30 -0 N.W.	0 -0 N.-W.

i:

26

TABLE IX.-Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in each of the Zones, 30°-403 S., 40°-50° S., 50'-60° S., in the Three Divisions of the Southern Ocean, viz., Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian.

ALL SEASONS : October, 1901, to March, 1904.

Zone.	Paci6c.	Atlantic.	Indian.
Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.	Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.	Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.
30°-40° S. 400-500 S. 50°-60° S.	18 -2 S. 17 -1 S.W. 21 -1 N.W.	7'8E. ; 8-5 W.; 9 -1 N.W. 6-1 E.j 7-5 S.E. 4 -8 S.E. ; 4 -0 E.	15 -9 S.E. 24 -0 N. 24 -7 N.W. ; 22 'ON.	7'5E. 3 -4 E. ; -i'l S.E. 4 -0 S.E. ; 4 '3 E.	20 -7 S.W. 21-0 S.W. ; 18 -1W.; 18-0 N.W. 25 '9 N. ; 23 -5 W.	7 -3 E. ; 7-7 N.E. 2-4E. 1 -2 S.E.
GALES.
30°-40° S. 40°-50° S. 50°-60° S.	1-OS. 1 -5 S.W. 2 -0 W. and N.W.	0'2E. 0-2 E. O'l E.	0-5 S.W. and N.W. 1-4 S.W. ; 1-3W. and N.W. 2 -7 N. and W.	0 -0 E. . 0 -0 N.E. and E. 0 '0 S.E.	0 '9 S.W. and W. 1 -5 S.W. 3 -5 N.W.	0 '1 E. and S.E. 0-1E. 0 -0 N.E.-S. ; W.

TABLE X.— Directions from which the Largest and Smallest Percentages of Winds were recorded in the Southern Ocean in the Eespective Seasons during the Years 1901 to 1904 ; also in All Seasons during that Period.

	Largest percentage.	Smallest percentage.
	15 -9 S.W. ; 15 '5 W. ; 15 '3 N.W.	5'OE.
	19 '4 S.W. ; 14 -7 N.W.	5-7E.
	16 -2 S.W. ; 14 -2 N.W. and N.	5-5 E.
(4) Winter .	21 '5 S.W. ; 15 "4 S. ; 15 '0 N.W.	5'8 E.
	18-1 S.W.; 14-7 N.W.	5-5E.
	GALES. 1 -3 S.W.	O'l E.
	0 -8 N.W. and W.	0 -1 N.E.-S.
	1 -2 S.W. ; 1 -1 W.	O'l E.
(4) Winter . . •	1-8 W.; 1-7 S.W.	0'2E.
	1-1 S.W. and W.; 0'9 N.W.	0-1E.

KEY MAP.

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Croiel I

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4-0°

EXP LA NATI O N.

Tli,- I>inl\ ami Mi-mi \li*nilil\ i-liiiri* in tin* volume art based, on c/.///\ otservolionj r ,,-,<,•,/,, I ,it /:!,!,,•, //,,/,;,. i,,l,i. iJu abovi ,-/iiij-i , in .ulili/i ,'n t,i thfxt- re.ctLved.1rcm Ships op the Roy al .\\i\i ami M, •/•,.,///./. .''I, n in,-

Till- l-fil ,ill,l Illl-U.' lu,i"< ,'ll tin- rll ill-It. ,•!' Main MI-II l/ll\ , an. I \, I r,l ,. / ll ; • '/, -tn/i, •/ -,!(<!/ - ,;/•, Jsi't/ii-r-ln.-, O> iin

r.-jinil .In r,rn(<,'rnlitri Tin /iyi<-.s' 1/1 ivi/ n-tnl,- I,' ihffnu'infliT muluuffi of 35' Fahr. nr n/imr fJn/\r in l>ln,' !,• readings of 3d i,iln u/i// In I, •»

77u> rcrf «/!</, />/nr liiif* i'ii III, li,ul\ M.'.in Mi'iil/il\ ,ui,l \,irn,ut r.litirlx ,•!' I'ressure fin; /v.i/i.i/-.-, ,v ///,,-•• i./ t^iint tiiiii-inpi- •• I'n .s.s-f// c /Ac /v/*f'.s </f /<•(/ /. /-//* '/ /'.(/•' N i'tinifv .'/' 1_'.V / jn.' 01 .ii'ii\e, tJu'*e ifl him- tti rrurhrujS

of 29-6 ins. atnl l>, I, •» >".'i, u/v,/.- //«//i ,ini( !.,<•* ,-n ill, Daily cliai-ts are itiit tbuu • •' where prfSRiLre ix luyhrxl or Ifwffil in nnli,-\ , 1,'nrs nn,l depressions l;s/u,li\i/\ }'u/iii-rn in I'/uf/f i rl'i-f I, 'Air 'fi-'/if"inliitf. Iin afrOWStO

Vfind,. The latter fLy \\ilii tli,' HUH/ . iin i\<rce of -which., given m inmihiTx of the Beaufort Sc.atr.i.-, s /</'»•« as follows:- O Calm,- -»/<,..•;,—>. 4 to £,r=>7*#,=^£> £ 1C. ^11 &IZ .

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9OI

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.MT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER I I9OI OCTOBER

140* ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170 160 ISO 140'

30' 20' 10" O' 10' 20' 30' 40'

140' ISO* 160 170 o .-ISO 170 160 ISO

a

30' 20' "10" 0* 10' 20' 30'

I9OI

OCTOBER

3 1901

OCTOBER

40" ISO* ISO" 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO" 140"

5O" 20" 10" O" 10" 20* 30" 40*

SO* 160' 170* 160* 170" 160 ISO'

30' 20" 10" 0"

For expla.na.tion see Key

1901

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER 5 1901 OCTOBER

I6O I/O IBO I7O 16U 150

140" ISO' ISO 170 ISO' 170" 160" 1*0" 140'

30 20* 10 O 10' 20' 30"

4O 30 20 10 0 10 20 30* 40

1901

OCTOBER

7 1901

OCTOB ER

140* ISO" 160* 170" 160" 170* 160* ISO* 140*

' •/ '

d

110

40* 30' 20' 10' O* 10" 20' 30" 40"

140' 150" 160' 170' 160' 170' 180' ISO" 140'

30 20 ID' 0- 10' 20' 30'

For explanation srt Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9OI

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER 9 1901 OCTOBER

10

140" 150* 160" 170" ISO" 170" 160" ISO*

40"

30' 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"

\

50* 20* 10* Q* 10* ZD* 30*

1901

OCTOBER

II 1901

OCTOBER

12

1*0" ISO" ISO" 170" 160' 170" ISO ISO

30" 20" 110" V 10" 30" 30" 40*

30' 20" 10" O' 10* 20" 30"

For expl«.n«,tion see Key m&p

1901

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER 13 |90I OCTOBER

14-

eo* i7o" iso* 170* ieo* IK-

ISO" 170* 180* 170* IBC

1901

OCTOBER

5 1901

I5° 160' 'TO' 180' 170' 160* ISO

For explanation see Key map

1901

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER 17 1901 OCTOBER

18

140" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170* 160* ISO*

20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40'

1+0° ISO* 160" 170* ISO* 170" 160" ISO*

50" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20' 30" 40"

1901

OCTOBER

19 1901

OCTOBER

20

3O* 20" 10" O* 10" 20* 30"

140" ISO* 160' 170* !60* 170* 160° ISO*

3O* 20*

76* 20" 30*

For explanation see Key map

1901

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER 21 1901 OCTOBER

22

140" ISO" 160* 170* 160* 170" 160* 150*

M

20' 10' O' 10' 20* 30'

30' 20' 10' 0* 10" 20' 30"

1901

OCTOBER

23 1901

OCTOBER

24

140* ISO* 160' 170* IBO* 170* 160* ISO*

oq .

life*. •« -••si

30* 20' 10" 0" 10* - 20*0 30*

ISO" 160" 170* 160 ,70 160

30* 20* 10* 0* 10" 20' 30'

For explmaM ion see Key ma.p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1901

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER S5 1901 OCTOBER

26

140" ISO' 160" 170* ISO" r?0* 160* ISO"

loo'

1*0" ISO* 160" 170" ISO* 170* 160* ISO* 140"

)

SO" 20" "10" 0" 'O 10" 20* 30" 40"

I9OI

OCTOB E R

2.1 I9OI

OCTOBER

28

140* ISO* 160* 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO"

40" 3O' 20* 10" O" 10" 20' 30' 40'

I4O* ISO" 160" 170"

4O" 30* 20' 10" O" 10" 20" 3O" 40*

For explanation see Key ma/p

1901

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER 29 I9OI OCTOBER

30

140* ISO* 160" 170* 180' 170* 180' ISO*

SO* 20' 0>lfc'' 0" 10" 20' 30' 40*

14O* ISO' 160* 170" 180" 170" 160" 150* 140*

EC

SO' 20" 10" O* 10' 20" 30" 40*

1901

OCTOBER

31 1901

NOVEMBER

140* ISO* 160* 170* 160* 170* 160* ISO*

'40* ISO* 160* 170* I6O* 170" 160" ISO" 140"

00

si

For expl anal ion see Key ma-p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

1901

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 2 1901 NOVEMBER

140" ISO' ISO' 170' J80' 170' ISO' 150'

20' 30' 40"

140° 150" 160* 170" 160* 170" 160 ISO"

1901

NOVEMBER

1901

NOVEMBER

140' ISO" 160" 170" l.gO" 170" 160" ISO"

SO" 20" 10' 0' 10' 2O' 30' 40'

140' ISO' ISO' 170' 160" 170' 160" ISO" 140"

I 'eiV^si 3°-''

30" 20' 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"

For explanation see Key map

1901

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 6 1901 NOVEMBER

1901

NOVEMBER

& 1901

NOVEMBER

ISO' 160' 170" 160' 170 160 ISO" 140'

30' 20* 10" O* 10" 20' 30'

1*0' iso' ISP' iTo' ieo' 170' ieo' iso' 140'

3O' 20" 10

For expla.na.lion see Key m«,p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1901

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 10 1901 NOVEMBER

II

140* i50' 160" 170* V ISO* 170* 160* ISO* 140"

*>"

30" 20' I0"^~p~o" 10* 20* 30* 40"

140" ISO* 160' 170' ISO* 170" 160* ISO* 140*

•

30' 20* 10' 0' 10' 20' 30' 40'

1901

NOVEMBER

12 1901

NOVEM B ER

13

1*0' ISO* ISO' 170' 160" 170' 160' ISO' HO'

40* 30' 2O' CC ' 10* ^ O* 10' 20' 30' 40'

I4O' ISO' 160' 170" :J80" 170" 160' ISO* 140'

30" 20' 10" 0^ 10" 2O* 30* 40*

For expls.na.tion see Key map

1901

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 14 1901 NOVEMBER

15

140" ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'

3O" 20' 10" O" 10" 20' 30'

30" "I 20*) o 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40'

1901

NOVEMBER

16 1901

NOVEMBER

17

_1_40 ISO" 160" 170 160 170 160 150

*O* 150' 160' 170' 160* 170' 160' ISO' 140"

SO* 20"^ IOS 0" 10" 20" 30" 4O*

For explanation see Key map

I9OJ

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 18 I9OI NOVEMBER

19

I4O" ISO" 160* 170" ISO* 170* 160'

30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20' 30

1+0* ISO" 160" 170* ISO" 170" 160" 150" 140"

30* 20* f 10* 0" 10" 20* 50*

;9Oi

NOVEMBER

ZO 1901

NOV EM BER

21

1*0" iso" 160* 170 :eo no ieo iso

BO

I«O" ISO" ISO" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO"

*-.

9 * ,

;S

IOB 0" 10" 20* 30*

For explanation see Key ma-p

1901

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 33 1901 NOVEMBER

70 160

3o' ao* io* o' 10' 20' so'

1901

NOVEMBER

I9OI

NOVEMBER

140* ISO* ISO" 170* 160" 170" 160 ISO

3O' 20" 10" 0* 10" 20" 30*

>40" ISO' 160* 170" 160' 170* 160* 150* 140"

3O" 30

For explft-na-tion see Key

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1901

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER Z6 1901 NOVEMBER

27

I4O" ISO'

l«0' ISO" 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' ISO' HO'

40'

30* 20* VIO" O" 10" 20* 30

..,

NIG?

20' 30"

1901

NOVEMBER

28 190!

NOVEMBER

29

1+0" ISO" 160" 170" ,180" no" 160 ISO 140"

SO" 20" 10" O" 10" 2O" 30' 40'

1*0° ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" 160" ISO"

20" 3d"

For expla.na.tion set Key map

1901

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 3O 1901 DECEMBER

140* ISO" 160* >70" 160" 170" 160" 150"

140" ISO"

40"

30' 20" 10' 0"

*• : w

30" 20' 10" 0" 0" 20" 30"

1901

DECEMBER

I9OI

DECEMBER

I4O" ISO" .. ISO" 170" 160" .10" 160" ISO" 140"

3O" 20" f* I0i 0" 10" 20" 3O" 40"

I4O* ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170* 160" ISO"

« I

- TJ

00 7

For explanation see Key ma.p

1901

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER 4- I9OI DECEMBER

40" ISO" 160" 170 ISO 170 160 150 140

140" ISO* 160" 170" 180" 170" 160'

30' 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30'

I90i

DECEMBER

1901

DECEMBER

iso lee" 170 :ao 170 ieo iso

40*

140* ISO" 160" 170" 160* 170* 160" ISO"

3O" 20" 10* 0* 10" 20* 30*

For expla.na.tion see Key ma.p

1901

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER 8 1901 DECEMBER

I4O* ISO' ISO" 170* 180* 170" 160 ISO"

trr ?r •

30' 20' 10" 0' 10' 20' 30'

l«0' ISO' 160' 170' ,80' 170* ISO' ISO'

3O' 20

I9OI

DECEMBER

10 1901

DECEMBER

I4O' ISO' 160' 170' ieO' 170 160 ISO

I4O' ISO 160' 170' IBO' 170 160 ISO' 140'

0 20 30'

For explana-ticm see Key

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9OI

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER 12 I9OI DECEMBER

13

1+0' ISO" 160' 170" ISO" HO" 160" 150*

ZC ,M

20" 30"

1*0° 150" 160* ITO ISO

3O* 20° 10° 0 10 20 30

I9OI

DECEMBER

14 19OI

DECEMBER

15

140' ISO" ISO" 170" . 180" 170" 160 ISO 1*0

30' 20" 10" O' 10" 20" 30"

30 20 10 O 20 30

For explana,tion see Key m&p

I9OI

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER 16 1901 DECEMBER

17

I4O" ISO' 160' 170* 180* 170' 160' ISO" 140'

\;»*r- •»" ' *

.

• _ ic

4O* 3O* 2tf **TO" 0" 10" 20* 30" 4O*

I4O' ISO" 160' ; 70" 180' '.10' 180" ISO'

30* 20* 10' O" 10" 20' 30'

I9OI

DECEMBER

18 I9OI

DECEMBER

19

1*0* 150 160 170 ,JBO I7Q 160 ISO

SO* 20" I0! 0" 10" 20* 30"

I4O* ISO" 160* 170* ., 160* 170* 160* ISO1

30* 20* 10" 0"

For expl *.na,tion see Key mar

NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1901

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

DECEMBER 20 1901 DECEMBER

21

140* IS»" 160' I7O" l»0"

160 ISO

3O* 20* 10" 0"

ZO' 30"

JO' 20" 10* O' 10' 20' 30'

I9OI

DECEMBER

22 1901

DECEMBER

23

140" ISO' ISO* 170' - ^60' 170' 160' ISO'

bo

' /I

"w

30' 20' \ 10' 0* 10' ZO'

140" ISO* 160" 170" 1«0" 170" 160* 150"

3O* 20" 10" 0" 10" 20* 3O"

For expln-naAion see Key ma-p

1901

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

DECEMBER 24- 1901 DECEMBER

1*0* iso' iso' no' ieo' no' i«o' iso' 140'

SO' 20' 10* 0* 10' 20' 30'

140* ISO'

SO' 20'

1901

DECEMBER

26 1901

DECEMBER

27

I+O* ISO* 160* 170" 160" 170" ICO* ISO*

10' 0' 10' 20' 30'

I*O' ISO' l«0' 170' 160' .TO' 160* ISO'

40' so' 'aop io_

= JB -^- '• 5s io^

20' 30'

40'

For explanation see Key m«.p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1901

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

DECEMBER 28 1901 DECEMBER

29

O" 10" 20" 30"

I4O" ISO" 160* 170" ^ ISO' 170* 160" ISO*

1901

DECEMBER

30 1901

DECEMBER

31

I4O" ISO* ISO* 170" 160' 170" 160" ISO'

1+0" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140"

30' 20" 10* O" 10" 20" 30"

For explanation see Key ma.p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JANUARY I 1902 JANUARY

4O* 150* ISO* 1 70 180 170 160 ISO 140'

4O* ISO" 160* 1 70* i80 170 160" 150 40'

50' 20' 10 O 10' 20' 30'

30' 20' 10" O 10

1902

JANUARY

160" 170 ISO' 170 160 ISO

4O* 150' 160' 170' 160 170 160 ISO 140'

20' 10: 0' 10' 20' 30' 40'

30 20 ^0 0 10 20 30

For explanation see Key ma;

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

.'902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 5 1902 JANUARY

ISO' 160" 170' ISO' 170' 160 150

20* 10° 0 10 20 30

140 ISO 160 170 7g ^,M

30' 20' 10' 0" 10' 20' 30

I9O2

JANUARY

1902

JAN UARY

160' 170' :80' 170' 160' ISO'

SO' 20' NJO\ 0' 10' 20' 30'

I4O* ISO' 160' 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO'

30' 20' 10* O' 10* 20' 30'

For expla.na.tion see Key m&p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 9 1903 JANUARY

10

40'

140* ISO* ISO' 170*

«

30" 20' 10* O* 10' 20' 30"

1902

JANUARY

0" 3O* 20* 10" 0 10" 20' 30' 4O

For expl«.na,tiOTi see Key m«.p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 13 I9O2 JANUARY

14

140* ISO' 160"

BC

40* 30' 20' 10* O" 10' 20' 30'

140° ISO"

30' 20° 10" 0' 10' 20' 3O'

1902

JAN U ARY

15 1902

JANUARY

16

140' ISO" ISO* 170' 160' HO' 160 ISO' 140'

4O" 30' 20' 10" 0" 1 6"? SO' 30' 40'

140" ISO" 160" 170" 180' 170" 160" 150*

4O" 3O" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40*

For expla.na.tion see Key map

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 17 1902 JANUARY

18

1902

JAN UARY

19 I9O2

JANUARY

20

ISO' 160' 170' 160' no' 160' 150' 140'

3O" 20" ' *10l 0" 10" 20' 30"

140* ISO" 160" 170 160 170 160 ISO

30' 20' 10' 0' 10" 20" 30"

For explanation see Key map

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 21 I9O2 JANUARY

22

140° ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" ISO"

20' 10" O* 10" 20" 30" 40"

I*O" ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" ISO" ISO"

I

30" 20" & " 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 4O"

1902

JANUARY

23 1902

JANUARY

24-

1+0" ISO" ISO" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO"

ISO

,

3O" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 3O"

30" 20" 10* 0" 10* 20" 30"

For explanation see Key ma/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 25 I9O2 JANUARY

26

1*0' ISO' 160" 170" „ 180' 170" 160' ISO'

140'

3C . .

SO" 20* 10" O" 10" 20* 30*

I9O2

JANUARY

27 1902

JANUARY

140* 150' 160* 170' 160 170 160 150

HO ISO' 160' 170 160 170 >6O ISO

30' 20' "10' O' 10" 20' 30'

Feu pxpl«.na-( ion see K<=\

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY £9 I9O2 JANUARY

30

1*0" ISO* 160' 170* ISO' 170" 160' ISO' 140'

[BO"

I4O' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO'

140'

30' 20' 10' 0'

3O" 20' 10* O" 10' 20* 30' 4O°

1902

JANUARY

31 1902

FEBRUARY

60' ISO' 140'

00

80

bo1

30' 20* 10' 0' 10' 20' 3O' 40'

140* ISO' 160' I7O'

140'

BO"

30' 20' 10' O* 10' 20' 30' 40'

For explanation see Key ma/p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 2 1902 FEBRUARY

1902

FEBRU AR Y

4- 1902

FEBRUARY

140" ISO* 160* 170" 160* 170* 160" 150*

50 20 10 O" 10* 20 30"

So — £-5

140" ISO" ISO* 170' 160" 170" 160" ISO* 140*

4O*

3O" 20' 10' 0" '0" 2O' 30" 40"

For expla.na.tion see Key map

I90E

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 6 1902 FEBRUARY

40" 30' 2O' 10' O* 10* 20' 30" 40'

4O" ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' ISO' ISO' 140'

30' 20' 10' 0" 10" 20' 30" 40"

1902

FEBRUARY

8 1902

FEBRUARY

140* ISO' 160' 170' 180' HO' 160' ISO' 140'

30' 40'

I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 160' 170" 160" ISO'

»

30' 20' I 10' 0" 10" 20' 30"

For expla.na.tion see Key map

I90Z

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 10 1902 FEBRUARY

ISO' 170 ISO' 170 I60 ISO

I4O' ISO' 160' 170 ISO 170' 160 ISO

30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30'

30' 20' 10" 0" 10' 20' 30'

isoa

FEBRUARY

160* 170* ISO' 170' 160

140' ISO' 160' 170 ISO 170 ISO

50 20 10' O 10' 20' 30

30' 20 10 O' 10 20 30

For explanation see Key ma.p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

FEBRUARY 14- I9O2 FEBRUARY

15

30 20 10° O" 10 20 30

I4O" ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO*

30" 20' b 10" 0" 10" 20' 30°

1902

FEBRUARY

16 1902

FEBRUARY

17

140" ISO" 160" 170' 180' 170* 160* ISO" 140"

60

140" ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO'

20' 30'

For explana-tion see Key ma/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 18 I9O2 FEBRUARY

160 170 .80 170 160 150 140

1902

FEBRUARY

20 1902

FEBRUARY

21

140" ISC' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO"

140'

40' ISO" 160" 170' 160* '70* 160' ISO" 1*0'

3O' 20' 10" 0" 10" 20' 3O"

For explanation sre Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 22 1902 FEBRUARY

23

1+0" ISO" 160* 170* ISO* 170* 160 ISO

loo-

20* 10° 0" 10" 20" 30' 40'

i+o' ISO' iso' 170' iBO' no' ieo iso 140"

30' 20" 1C" 0° 10" 20* 30" 40"

1902

FEBRUARY

24- 1902

FEBRU ARY

25

1*0* ISO' 160" 170' 180' 170' 160" ISO' 140"

0' 20' 30' 40'

140' ISO' 160' 170' 160'

30" 20* 10' 0" 10" 2O' 30"

For expla.na.ti on see Key ma/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 26 1902 FEBRUARY

50* 20' 10 0 10 20 SO'

1902

FEBR U ARY

28 I9O2

MARCH

140' ISO' 160' 170* 160' '70' 160' ISO' '40'

20' 30'

140" ISO* 160' 170* 160* '70' 160 ISO 140

SO' 20' 10* O"

For explanation see Key m«.p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 2 1902 MARCH

1*0" ISO" 160" 170" 180° 170" ISO" ISO* 140"

90

4O"

30" 20" " 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40"

1902

MARCH

4- I9O2

MARCH

*0" 30" 2O" 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 40"

30' 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 6 1902 MARCH

I4O" ISO" 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* 150* '40'

3O' 20' 10" 0' 10' 20' 30' 4O'

40' 30' 20' 10

1902

MARCH

8 1902

MARCH

I4O' ISC' 160' 170 160' 110 160 ISO' l«0-

I4O 160 170 160 150

For explanation see Key ma.p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 10 I9OE MARCH

30" 20" 10" O" 10' ZO' 30

140'

ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" ISO" 150* 140*

3O" 20" O" 10" 2C° 30" 40"

MARC H

12 I9O2

MARCH

13

140 ISO 160 170 :60 170 160 ISO 140

I4O* ISO" 160* 170' 160* 170* 160* ISO*

1*0'

30* 20* 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 40"

For explana-tion see Key m&p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. MARCH 14 1902 MARCH

140' ISO' 160* 170 IBO' 170 160 ISO

14O ISO 160 I7O I8O I7O I6O ISO 140

50' 20' 10 0 10 20 3O' 40'

1902

MARCH

16 1902

MARCH

17

140' ISO* 160' 170' 160' 170' 160 ISO

K

SO' 20' 10" O" 10" 20' 30'

140 ISO 160 I7O 160 170 160 ISO

JO' 2O' 10' 0" 10" 20" 3O'

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I90Z

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 18 I90Z MARCH

19

I4O" ISO" ISO" 170' ISO' 170 160 ISO

30" 20" 10" 0° 10" 20" 3O*

140 ISO 160

40" SO" 20" 10* 0" 10" 2O 30

1902

MARCH

140" ISO" 160 170 180 170 160 150

140° ISO" 160" I70- ISO' I7O ISO 150

For explanation see Key ma/p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 22 1902 MARCH

1*0' ISO' ISO' 170' 160' 170 180

20" 10* O" 10" 20" 30"

140 ISO

SO" 20" »V 10" O" 10" 20"

1902

MARCH

24- 1902

MARCH

25

I4O' ISO" ISO" 170" 160' 170' 160* 150'

SO" 20"

10" 20" 30" 40"

I4O* ISO

SO' 2O" 10" 0" IP' 20" 30 <0

For expl«.na-tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 26 1902 MARCH

27

1*0' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO* ISO*

0' 20° 3O'

1902

MARC H

as 1902

MARCH

29

ISO' 160" 170" 180' 170" 160'

so' 20" 10" o" 10" 20" so" 40"

I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 160' 170" 160* ISO*

no

a

3O* 20" 10" O" 10" 20* 3O*

For explanation see Key m&p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 30 1902 MARCH

31

140" ISO* 160" 170* ISO' 170* 160* ISO" J40*

SO' 20* \ X* 0" 10" 20* 5°1_ 40*

I4O* ISO* 160* 170" ISO* 170* 160* ISO* 140*

JO* 20* 10* 0"

I9O2

APRIL

+0" ISO* 160" '70* 160 170 160 150 140

140* ISO* 160* 170' 160 170' 160 ISO 140

50* 20* -10* 0 10* 20* 30' 40*

30' 20 10 0 10* 20 30 40

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES APRIL 3 I9O2 APRIL

50" 160" 170 180 170 160 ISO

30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20' 3O" 4O"

140" ISO' 160" 170" ISO" 170" 160" ISO'

30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40"

I9O2

APRIL

5 1902

APRIL

I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" ISO" ISO" 140"

IK?

For explanation see Key iua/p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES APRIL 7 1903 APRIL

I4O' ISO' 160' 170' .80' HO 160 ISO

30' 20' x 10' 0' 10' 20' 3O'

160 170 IBO 170 160 150

30' 2O"

O' 10' 20' _ 3O'

I9O2

APRIL

I9O2

APRIL

10

140' ISO" ISO' 170' 160' '.70' 160' 150'

50' 20 10 0 10' 20 30

140" ISO 160 170 180

JO* 20" 10" 0" 2O' 3O*

For explma,tioTi sec K*> m*.p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

APRIL II 1902 APRIL

12

1+0° ISO" 160' 170'

40" 30° 20" ' ^DlO" O'

140* ISO" 160" 170' ISO" 170" 160" 150'

4O° 30" 20" 10° O" 10" 20° 30*

1902

APRIL

13 I9O2

APRIL

140" ISO" 160* 170* !60" 170" 160" ISO'

40" SO' 20° 10" 0* 10" 20" 30" 40"

SO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO*

4O* 30° 20° 10° 0° 10° 20* 30° 40°

For explanation see Key map

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

APRIL 15 1902 APRIL

16

140* ISO' 160" 170" 180' 170' 160* ISO*

140* ISO* 160" 170" 180' 170* 160* ISO"

0" 20' 30'

30' 20* 10* 0*

isoa

APRIL

17 I9O2

APRIL

ISO' 170 160 170' 160 ISO'

140' ISO' 160' 170 <jeO 170 160 ISO 140

10" 20' 30'

30' 20' 10 0 10 20 30' 40

For expla.na.tion see Key m«,p

NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

APRIL 19 1902 APRIL

20

140* ISO" 160° 170*

30" 20" OlO" O° 10" 20° 30*

1902

APRIL

21 I9O2

APRIL

22

140" ISO* ISO* 170" 180" 170 160 ISO 140"

4O" 30" 20" 10" 0" 10* 20" 30'

1*0" ISO* 160" 170* 160* 170* 160* ISO" 140"

30* 40"

For expla-na/tion see Key ma/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

APRIL 23 I9O2 APRIL

SO' 20* 10' O* 10' 20' 30'

50' tOV 10 O' 10' V 20' 30'

40'

1902

APRIL

25 I9O2

APRIL

4O' ISO* 160" 170 180' 170 160 ISO 140'

14O' ISO' 160' 170' 160' 170 160 ISO

10! 0' 10' 20'

For explanation see Key ma.p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

APRIL 27 1902 APRIL

28

1902

APR I L

29 I9O2

APRIL

30

iso' tea' no' 180" no' ieo" iso" 140"

40" 3O' 20' 10" O" 10' 20" 30"

140" ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO"

30" 20" 10" 0" 10* '"0 20* 30*

For explanation see Key m&p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

MAY I 1902 MAY

140* ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 180 ISO'

1*0' ISO' 160' 170' 180

40'

30' 20' 10' 0'

1902

M AY

3 1902

IY1 AY

140' ISO' 160'

140' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' ISO'

30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30'

30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 4O'

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

MAN 5 1902 MAY

140* I5Q* 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO' 140*

3O' 40'

1*0' ISO" ISO* 170" ISO'

30* 20* 10" 0" 10' 20* 30

1902

MAY

7 1902

MAY

1+0 150 160 170 160 170 160 ISO

140" 150" 160" 170 — 160 170 160 ISO 140

For explanation see Key map.

I9O2

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

MAY 9 1902 MAY

10

I4O* ISO* 160' c. '70J <80' 170' 160 ISO

20' 10' 0" 10' 20' 30'

SO' 20' 10

1902

MAY

I4O" ISO" 160' 170' 100* 170 160 150

4O 160 170

40' 30' 20' 10 O 10 20 30' 4O

«0' SO' 2O' I0i 0 10 20 4O

For explnn&tion see Key m«.p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

MAY 13 1902 MAY

1+0" ISO" 160" 170' ISO" 170" 160

30* 20* 10* 0" 10* 20* 3O* 40*

140" 150" 160" 170 ISO 170 160 ISO 140

30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"

1902

M AY

15 I9O2

MAY

16

I4O* ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140"

3O" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30* 40"

140" ISO" 160" . Iffl 160 170" 160 ISO

30* 20" 10" 0" 10" 20* 30 40

For expla.na,tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

I9O2

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

MAY 17 I9O2 MAY

18

140" ISO" (60* I7O*> * ISO* 170" 160* 150*

140"

ai

no

30' 20" ° 10" O" 10" 20* 30' 40"

3O* 20" 10* O* 10' 20" 30* 40"

1902

MAY

19 1902

MAY

20

I4O" ISO* 160" I7O" IBO" 170" ISO* ISO"

4O* 30" 20" ° 10" 'V->O' IP* 20" JO" 40"

140" ISO" 160" 170'

40" 30' 20" 10" 0* I0"« »20" 30" 40"

For explana-tion see Key ma/p

I9O2

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MAY 21 I9O2 MAY

22

1*0" ISO" 160' 170' 160' 170' ISO' ISO' 140'

SO' 20' '.. 10' 0* 10' 20' 30' 40°

140* ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'

30' 20'

0* 10' 20' 30*

1902

M AY

23 1902

MAY

24

I4O' ISO' 160' 170* ISO' 170' 160' ISO' 140"

30' 20'

140" ISO" ISO* 170" 180" 170" ISO" ISO" 140"

3O" 20'

-:9 b" 10" 20* 30*

For expl ana/lion see Key m&p

I9O2

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

MAY 25 I9O2 MAY

26

I4O" ISO" 160' 170" ISO' 170 160

SO' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30" «0

1*0 ISO 160

40"

SO" 2O" 10" O" 10" 20" SO" 4O"

1902

MAY

27 1902

MAY

For explanation see Key m&p

I9O2

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES M AY 29 I9O2 MAY

30

I4O* ISO' 160* 170 ISO 170 160 ISO 140*

SO' 20'

14O* ISO* 160* 170" 180' 170" 160* ISO' 140*

30' 20*

MAY

31 1902

JUNE

140* ISO* 160" 170* 160* 170* 160" ISO*

30" 40*

140* ISO* 160" 170" 160" 170* 160*

. •

For explanation see Key ma/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JUNE 2I9O2 JUNE

1+0* ISO' 160" 170 ISO 170 160 150

30' 20* 10' O" 10' 20' JO"

3O* 20" '10" O" 10" 20" 3O"

40"

1902

JUNE

4- I9O2

JUNE

140* ISO" 160" 170 160 170 160 ISO

For explanation set Key

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.MT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JUNE 6 I9O2 JUNE

1+0' ISO' 160' 170* 180' 170' 160 ISO

3O" 20" 10° 0°

20" 30"

140 ISO 160 170 ISO 170 160 150

1902

JUNE

8 1902

JUNE

140* ISO' 160' 170' 180" 170' 160' ISO"

30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30"

40"

140* ISO* 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO"

JO

3O" 20" 10" 0* 10" 20" 30"

For expla.na.lion see Key ma/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JUNE 10 1902 JUNE

II

150' ISO' 170' 160" 170' 180' ISO'

140' ISO' 160' 170' 180'

1902

JUNE

12 1902

JUNE

13

140' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO' 140'

SO" 20" 10" 0" IO'0'J^O''gtr 30* 40*

40' ISO' ISO' 170' 160' 170" 160 ISO' 140'

30' 30' W

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JUNE 14- 1902 JUNE

15

I4O* ISO" ISO' 170" 180* r?0" 160* ISO*

140° ISO" ISO" 170" 180' 170" 160" ISO"

ISO1

30" 20" I0f 0'

3O" 20' OjO" 0" 10" 20" 3O"

1902

JUNE

16 1902

JUNE

17

id

30' 20' 10' 0" 10" 20" 30" 40"

1+0° ISO" 160" 170 ISO 170 160 ISO 140

1^7 •«

< V .

HIGH 6S • o

"&/ ^/«

30' °f 20' 10" 0 10 20 50" 40

For explanation see Key

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JUNE 18 1902 JUNE

19

iso' ISP* i7o' IBP', ; ; ao' i«o' iso

SO" 20

0' 10" 20" 50' 40'

140" ISO" 160" 'TO' :80" ,70." 160

»

30' 20' 10" 0' 10' 20' 30'

1902

JUNE

20 1902

JUNE

21

140' ISO' 160' 170* 160' 170' N _ 160* ISO" 140"

40' SO' 20' °0 •" IDS 5s 10' 20" 30'

140' ISO" 160' 170' 160' no' 160* ISO'

w

30' 20" 10* 0"

For expliuna.taon see Key nia.p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JUNE 22 I9O2 JUNE

23

30" 20* 10" 0° 10" 20 30

30" 2O" feflO"

10' 20' 30"

1902

JUNE

24 I9O2

JUNE

25

140' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'

40' SO' 20' "O 10" 0* 10' 20' 30'

140' ISO* 160* 170* ^ 160* 170* 160* ISO" r40*

4O" 30" 20" ° 10" 0" 10* 20* 30" 40'

For explanation see Key tna/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

I9O2

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JUNE 26 1902 JUNE

1902

JUNE

28 1902

JUNE

29

I4O' ISO' 160' 170' „ 160' OO' 160' 150'

SO' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30'

1*0' ISO' ISO' 170' I6O' 170' ISO' ISO* 140'

, / I t »

,0»f- U

V .N *'

40' 30'

For expl«.na,tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JUNE 30 1902 JULY

4Q* ISO' 160* 170' ISO* r?0* 160 ISO* 140*

30" 20" «3*tO* 0" ! 0 * 20' 30' 40*

140° 150* ISO" 170 ISO* 170 160 ISO 140

10' 20' 30'

1902

JULY

2 1902

J ULY

SO' 20" 10' O" 10" 20" 30" 40"

14-0" ISO" 160" 170* 160* 170" ISO* ISO"

SO" 20' » 10" 0" 10" 20" 30*

For expln.na.tion see Key m&p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JOJULY 4 1902 JULY

4O* ISO" 160" ITtl \*-~rBO 170 160 ISO 140

140" 160' 170' 180' 170 160 ISO 140

JO' 20' 1C" 0- 10' 20' 30"

30' 20' 10 0 10* 20 30 40

1902

JULY

6 1902

JULY

For explanation see Key ma.p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JULY 6 I9O2 JULY

i40° iso' 160' i7o' ISP' no* iso iso

10' 20' SO' 40'

140' ISO* 160' 170", 180 170 160 ISO

30' 20' 10' 0' 10" 20" 3O"

1902

JULY

10 1902

JULY

II

ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170" 160'

30" 20" 10" 0* 10" 20" 30"

140* ISO" 160" 170* I8O" 170* 160 ISO 140"

30" 20" 10" 0* 10* 20" 30" 40"

For explanation see Key ma/p

NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JULY 121902 JULY

13

I4O" ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" 160 ISO

I4O ISO" 160" 170 g j)80 170 160 ISO 140*

«

30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 3O' 40'

40'

JO' 20' 10* O* 10' 20' 3O"

I9O2

JULY

14- 1902

JULY

4O' ISO* 160' 170* iBO 170' 160 ISO 140 I

140 160 170 I5O 140

30' 20" 10 O 10 20 30 40

4O" 3O' 20 10 0

10 20 30

For expla.na.lion see Key

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JULY 16 1902 JULY

17

so

4O" 3O* 20"

!4O' ISO" 160" 170' ISO" 170" 160 ISO

4O" 30" 20" U0 10* 0* 10" 20" 30"

1902

J U LY

18 1902

J ULY

19

3O" 20"

1+0"

30" 20' 10" 0'

For explanation see Key map

I9O2

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

J U LY 20 I9O2 J U LY

I4O* ISO* ISO' '70 160 170 160 ISO

I4O 150 160 I7O ISO 170 I6O ISO 140

30' 20' '10' 0' 10'

3O* 20' 10 0 10" 20 30

I90E

J U UY

22 1902

JULY

23

I+O' ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO'

30' 20" 10" 0* 10" 20' 30*

140" ISO

SO" JO' 10* O" 10" 20' 30

For explanation see Key m».p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON GMT. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JULY 24- 1902 JULY

25

140*

3O 20 10 0 10 20 30

1*0" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" ISO*

Iff" 0" 10" 20" 30"

1902

J U LY

26 1902

J ULY

27

1*0* ISO* ISO* 170* , .160* 170" 160 ISO 140"

ISO

140* 150* 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO" 140"

0" 20" 30"

For explanation see Key ma/p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JULY 28 1902 JULY

29

I4O" ISO" ISO' 170' IBO" 170' 180 ISO

3O* 20" 10" 0* 10" 20" 3O" 40"

40* 30" 20" 10* 0* 10" 20 30

1902

J ULY

30 1902

J U LY

31

140* ISO* 160' IJP* 160* '70* '60* ISO* 140*

SO" 20" 10* 0" 1 0 * 20* 30*

1*0* ISO" 160"

160 170 160 _ ISO

SO" 20* 10* 0" 10* 20" 3O

For explana-tion see Key m»/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9O2

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 1 I9OE AUGUST

4O" ISO" 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160 ISO 140'

HO

30" 20" 10* 0" 10" 20" 30" 40°

140" ISO" 160" ^ 170" ISO' 170" 160 ISO"

1902

AU G U ST

3 1902

AU G U ST

140' ISO" 160

30' 20" 10* 0'

I4O* ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO"

0* 10* ZVS 30"

For explanation see Key map

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WIMOS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 5 1902 AUGUST

I4O' ISO' ISO' 170' 160' 'TO' 180* ISO'

140' ISO' ISO' 170'

SO' 20' 10* 0' 10' 20' 3O'

30' 20' 0' o' 10

I9O2

AUGUST

I 1902

AU GUST

140' ISO' 160' 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO' 140'

30" 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30'

I4O" ISO* ISO" 170* 160* 170" 160* ISO* 140*

SO" 20" 10" 0* 10" 20" 30* 40"

For explanation see Key map

NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 9 I90Z AUGUST

10

;,

ISO" 160*

50" 26* 10* O" 10" ~C\£Q' 30*

30' 20' 10" 0

I9O2

AUGUST

I90Z

AUGUST

12

ISO* 160' 170' 18 0' 170' 180' ISO'

2O' 30' 4O'

For expls.na.tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 13 1902 AUGUST

I4O ISO ISO 170 J80 170 160 ISO 140

1902

AUGUST

15 1902

AUGUST

16

140' ISO' 160' 170' .pOBO' 170* 160* ISO* 140'

SO' 20' IDS O' 10' 20' 30' 40'

I4O' ISO' 160' ^170' 160' !70* 160* ISO'

For explanation see Key m«.p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON CM T

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 17 1902 AUGUST

18

1+0' ISO' 160" 170* ISO 170 180 ISO

4O* 30* 20* 10* 0 10 20 30

140 ISO

30' 20' 10' 0" 10 20 30

I9O2

AU GUST

. 19 I9O2

AUGUST

20

1+0* ISO' 160' 170'

170' 160' ISO'

3O" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20* 3O"

140" ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160 ISO

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 21 I90E AUGUST

22

140' ISO' 160" 170* ISO' 170* 160 ISO'

I4O' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160* ISO'

40' __ 30'

10' 0' 10" 20' 30' 4O'

I90Z

AUGU ST

E3 I9OE

AUGU ST

40' 30' 20

140' ISO"

40' 3O' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 4O'

For explo.na.tion see Key map

I9O2

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. AUGUST 25 1902 AUGUST

26

140" ISO* ISO' I70'o> m 180' 170' 160' ISO'

30' 20" 10* 0'

1*0* ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160 ISO

T

300—,

30' 20'

0" 10' 20° 30'

1902

AUGUST

27 1902

AUGU ST

28

140" ISO* 160' 170' 160' 170* 160' ISO'

3O" 20' 10" 0" 10"

30" 40"

For explanation see Key map

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 29 1902 AUGUST

30

40' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170 180 ISO HO

3O* 20" 10" 0" 10* 20" 30"

140 150

20" 30'

1902

AUGUST

31 I9O2

SEPTEMB E.R

140* ISO" 160* tTO" 160* '70' ISO* ISO* 140"

20" f« 30* 40"

140* ISO* 160* 170* 160" 170 160 ISO

30" 20* 10" 0" 10' 20" 30*

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

SEPTEMBER 2 I90£ SEPTEMBER

140" ISO* 160" 170" 180" 170" 160 150

I4O* ISO* 160" 170 180 170 160 150

30" 20" 10* 0* 10* 20' 30"

1902

SEPTEMBER

4- 1902

SEPTEMB ER

1*0* 150* 160* 170* 180" 170" 160" ISO*

SO" 20" 10" O" 10' ZO' 30"

I4O" ISO" 160* 170* 160' 170' 160* ISO* 140*

4O" 30* 20"

0* 10" 20" 3O"

For explanation see Key ma.p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

SEPTEMBER 6 1902 SEPTEMBER

I4O' ISO' 160' 170- 180 150 140

I4CT ISO' 160' 170 .80' 170' 160 130 140'

0 ' 20' 30'

1902

SEPTEMBER

8 1902

SEPTEMBER

1*0' iso' iso'

ieo' iso'

•

30" 20" 10' 0' 10' 20' 3O'

ISO' 160' I7O' 160' 170* 160' ISO*

so' 20' '

o' 10' 20' jo'

For expla.na.tion stt Key ma.p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

SEPTEMBER 10 1902 SEPTEMBER

II

ooa

SEPTEMBER

12 1902

SEPTEMBER

13

1+0* ISO* 160" 170* 160' 170' 160' ISO

1+0" ISO" 160* 170" 180" 170* 160 ISO 140*

30' 20' 10' 0' 10'

For explanation see Key m&p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES SEPTEMBER 14 1902 SEPTEMBER

15

1*0' iso' 160' x .70" ieo' no 190 iso

sol

^•••_ a

^

30" 20' '10' 0" ^S 10' 20' 30' 40'

30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20* 30' 40*

1902

SEPTEMB ER

16 I9O2

SEPTEMBER

ISO' 160' , 170'

I4O* ISO* 160* r 170' 180 170 160 ISO 140

3O* 20* 101 0" 20' 30"

30" 20" ''O" 0* 10" 2O"

For explana,tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

SEPTEMBER 18 1902 SEPTEMBER

19

ISO' 160' 170' ISO 170 ISO

30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"

ISO 160 170 ISO

a

1902

SEPTEMBER

20 I9O2

SEPTEMBER

21

140* iso' iso' i7o' :eo' 170' ieo* iso'

0' 20' 30'

14O' ISO' ISO' .170' 160' 170' 160' ISO*

30" 20* O 10" 0" 10" 20' 50* 40*

For explanation see Key ma/p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

SEPTEMBER 22 1902 SEPTEMBER

23

140* ISO' ISO* 170" ISO* 170" 160* 150

»

,-dl

so-

20" 10* 0* 10* 20" 30'

1902

SEPTEMBER

24- 1902

SEPTEM BER

25

1*0* 150* 160* 170* 160" 170* 180* ISO*

HIO

t MICH

30" 20" 10* 0" 10" 20" 30' 40*

ISO' 160* 170" 160" 1 70 160 ISO 140*

40"

so" ao"

Foi rxpl*.na,tion stt Key m«.p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

SEPTEMBER 26 1902 SEPTEMBER

140* ISO" ISO" 170* ISO* ITO* '60 ISO

30" 20* 68 10* 0" 10" 20* 30

1*0° 150" 160" 170 180 170 160 ISO

50" 20" *V (0° 6S o° l_0_* 20' 30'

1902

SEPTEM BER

28 1902

SEPTEMBER

29

1+0* ISO* 160" 170* 160' 170' 160 150 140"

20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30*

?

1*0" ISO' 160* 170' 180' 170' 160 ISO

• i I

30' 20' 10' 0* 10' 20' 30'

For «xpl«.n»,tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

SEPTEMBER 3O 1902 OCTOBER

140* ISO" 160* 170" ISO' '70* 160* 1^50* 140'

rd

30" 20* 10" 0" 10* 20' 30* 40'

1*0* ISO' 160' 170" ISO' 110' 160* ISO

1902

OCTOBER

2 1902

OCTOBER

140" ISO" 160" 170* 160* 170* 160* ISO* 140*

40* ISO* 160* 170* 160' i">0" 160* 150*

30* 20* ' IOS 0" 10" 20' 30'

For explanation see Key

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER 4- 1902 OCTOBER

30 20 10 0 10 20 30

I90E

OCTOBER

I90Z

0 CTOBE R

140'

ISO' 160' 170' ,,. '.BO' 170' 160' 150'

20' 10' 0' 10' JO' 30' 40'

140' ISO' ISO' 170' IBO' 170' 160' 150' 140'

30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20" 30'

For explanation see Key

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER 8 1902 OCTOBER

140* ISO' ISO' 170" 180' 170" 160 ISO

30" 20' 10' 0* 10' 20' 30'

I4O' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO*

140'

SO' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30*

1902

OCTOBER

10 1902

OCTOBER

ISO' 160' 170' IBO' 170' 1 80* ISO'

140* ISO* 160* 170* WO' 170' 160' ISO*

30' 20" 10' O* 10' ^0' 30"

jo' ao' io^

For explanation se* Key m«.p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER 12 1902 OCTOBER

13

I4O" ISO" ISO' 170* ISO' f70' 160'

30" 20" 10* 0* 10" 20* 30

140" ISO" 160* 170 0 180 170 160 150

« V

&ft3£ LO« h |

299— —-Jr* -. K. Jk- ,

3oo—S5^-^ as - /,

M,GH*\ • . _ C»J f'-,,

- -\u

» •

IGM \H1GH

3O* 20" 1 0 0" [0*^0^ 20' 30*

1902

OCTOB ER

1902

OCTOBER

IS

I4O* ISO" 160" 170* 160" 170" 160" ISO 140"

20" 30" <0"

ISO" 160" 170* 160" '70* I6O" ISO*

id

f

•

-i . '

i -^'

SO' 20" IQ)"C<) 0" 10" 20" 30"

For explanttion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES OCTOBER 16 1902 OCTOBER

17

I4Q- ISO' 160' J?0' '80' 170' '60

^

W;

SO* 20" 10" 0* 10" 20" 30"

40 ISO 160 in) I8G

so' 20' 3royb0 o" io' 20' 30"

1902

OCTOBER

OCTOB ER

l*O" 150" 160* 170* 160 i7Q 160 ISO

140" ISO" 160* 170 160" 170 160 ISO'

SO' 20' 101 0* 10" 2O' 30'

For explanation see Key map

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.

OCTOBER 20 1902 OCTOBER

21

1*0' ISO* 160' 170* I8O' 170* I6O* ISO'

140'

0" 20° 30'

I4O* ISO* 160" 170* 180* 170' 160* ISO' 140'

30" 20° 10' 0" 10° -V 20^ 30° 40"

1902

OCTOBER

22 1902

OCTOBER

23

140" _ ISO* _ ISO*

160* 170° ___ 160° _ 150^ _ 140*

4Q° SO" 20"

30" 4O"

I4O° ISO" ISO" 170" 160* 170" 160° ISO" 140'

70

30° 20 10° O" 10 20 3O

For explana-tion see Key ma/p.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER 24 I9O2 OCTOBER

25

|«0' ISO* 160' 170' 180' 170' 160 ISO'

or

30' 20' "id" O' 10" 2O' 3O' 40'

140* ISO'

3O' 20' IO* O' 10" 20' 30'

I9O2

OCTOBER

26 1902

OCTOBER

27

'

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

i902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES OCTOBER 28 1902 OCTOBER

29

1*0° ISO" 160" I7O",, 180° 170" 160* I50C 140*

40" 30'

140" ISO" 160' 170* ISO* 170' 160 ISO'

30" 20-

1902

OCTOBER

30 1902

OCTOBER

31

BO|

140" ISO" 160* 170" ISO* 170* 160° 150°

30" 2O jlO" 0 10" 20 3O*

140" ISO* 160* 170" 160" 170' 160° ISO*

40" 30" aO* 10° O* 10" 20" 30"

For explanation see Key map.

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER I 1902 NOVEMBER

1*0' ISO* ISO' 170' 160* 170' I6O' ISO'

30" 20* 10* 0' 10* 20' 30'

140' ISO" ISO' 170' 180' 170' 180' ISO' 140'

HO

30" 2O' 6/ |O* 5s 10' 20° 3O" 40'

1902

NOVEMBER

3 1902

NOVEMBER

140* 150' 160* 170',. ,180' 170' 160' ISO*

•»O" 30* 2O" *? 10* O" 10" 20" 30"

140' 150" 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO"

140*

Id

JO" 20' 10' O" IO" 20" 3O"

onion

For explanation see Key ma,p

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. NOVEMBER 5 1902 NOVEMBER

140" ISO' 160' 170' m ISO" 170* ISO* ISO' 140'

30' 20° 10* 0* 10' 20' 30' 40'

14O 150 160* 170 I8(r 170 160 ISO 140"

30' 20' ^.10' 0"*'~ 10' 20' 30* 40'

1902

NOVEMBER

I4O* ISO* 160* 170* ISO* 170* 160* ISO* 140*

30" 40"

14O* ISO' 160' 170° IBP' 170° I60° ISO' 140'

3O" 20" 10"

10 2O _ 3O

For explanation see Key map.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 9 1903 NOVEMBER

10

140' ISO" 160* 170' 160' 170' 160

JO' 20' 10' O" - 10' 20" 3O' 40'

ISO' 160' 170* . I6O* 170* 160' ISO*

JO'

40' SO' 20' 10' O* 10" 20' 40"

1902

NOVEMBER

II 1903

NOVEMBER

140 ISO 160' 170' I8O' 170" 160 140"

I4O' ISO' 160' 170 180' 170 160 ISO 140"

40 3O 20

0 10 20" SO" 4O

2O IO • O e' 10 2O

Kuth \

For explanation see Key map.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. NOVEMBER 13 1902 NOVEMBER

14

140" ISO* 160" 170V ISO6 170* I6O ISO

140 ISO" 160" 170 ISO 170 160 ISO

150

30' 20° 10° 0%p',,p310.|i •£ 20' 30'

1903

NOVEMBER

15 1902

NOVEMBER

16

HO* ISO* 160* 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO0 IfO

140° ISO' 160' 170' 180* 170' 160° ISO"

For explanation see Key map.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1902

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 17 1902 NOVEMBER

18

140* ISO* 160* 170* . 180' 170' 160 ISO'

1*0' ISO' ISO' 170' lap* 170' 160' ISO* 140'

4O' 30'

1902

NOVEMBER

19 1902

NOVEMBER

140 ISO' 160' 170 180- 170 160

140* ISO' 160* 170 ISO* 170 160' ISO' 140'

4O 3O 2O IO O IO 2O

20" 10 O IO 3O 30

For expla.na,tion see Key map.

I90Z

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

NOVEMBER 21 I9O2 NOVEMBER

SO* ISO" 170' ISO* 170' 160* ISO*

30° 20° 10* O* 10* 20* iO*

I4O* ISO* 160* 170* ISO' 170* 160' ISO* 140*

30* 20° 10° 0* 10* 2O* 30°

I90Z

NOVEMBER

23 I9OZ

N OVEM BER

24-

150 ISO 170 ISO 170 160 ISO

«0 30 20* 10* 0* 10' 20* 50'

I4O* ISO* 160* 170* I

4O* 30' 20' 10* O° 10" 2O 30 JO

For expla.na.tion see Key map.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I90E

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 25 I9O2 NOVEMBER

I«O' ISO* 160* 170' 180" 170' 160 ISO' 140'

40° 30' 20" 10* 0'

140' ISO' 160' 170*

uo"

SO' 20' 10' 0" 10" 20' 30' 40'

I90E

NOVEMBER

I4O" ISO' I6O' 170 ISO" 170 160 ISO' I401

•

For explana-tion see Key map.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9O2

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. NOVEMBER 29 I9O2 NOVEMBER

30

140' ISO* 160* 170* JBO 170' 160 150° 140'

30' 20' ',0' O' 10' 20' 30'

I4O* ISO* ISO* 170' ISO* 170* 160' ISO'

1+0'

00

60

40°

30' 20* 10' O'

I4O" ISO' 160° 170, m 180 170 160' ISO

For explanation see Key map.

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER 3 1902 DECEMBER

I4O* ISO* 160" 170 , I8CT 170 160 150

I4O* ISO* 160* 170' ISO* 170* 180* ISO* 140*

I9O2

DECEMBER

5 1902

DECEMBER

1*0* ISO 160* 170 180* 170 160 ISO* 140*

30* 20' IO* O" 10* 20* 3O* 40*

140' ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO* 140

SO" 2CT 10' O* 10* HO' 30

Huth, London

For explanation see Key map

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. DECEMBER ~l I9O2 DECEMBER

40" 30' 20' 10* 0' iO' 20

i«o* iso* iso* iTO* leo* 170* ieo* iso*

20° 10° 0* 10" 20" 30*

1902

DECEMBER

9 1902

DECEMBER

10

14O ISO \&0 170 ISO 170 160 ISO 140*

0* 2O* i 30*

I4O" ISO* 160* 170' 180' 170" 160' ISO"

3O" 20* 10" 0* 10" 20* 30

For explanation see Key map.

I90E

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER II 1902 DECEMBER

12

30* 20* 10'

I4O' ISO*

SO" 20' 10' 0' ICT 20' id' 40'

I9O2

DECEM B E R

13 1902

DECEMBE R

14-

I4O* ISO* 160* 170' ISO' 170* I6O* ISO*

SO' 40'

I4O' ISO* I6O' 170* 180' 170' 160' ISO'

For expl«.nit ion see Key map.

I9O2

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. DECEMBER 15 I9O2 DECEMBER

16

160 I7O 180 170 160 ISO

40" 30* 20" *P* 10* O" 10" 20" 30*

ISO' 160* 170' IBO* 170" 160" 150"

3O" 20* 10

1902

DECE M B E R

17 1902

DECEMBER

18

HO' ISO' ISO' 170' 160* 170* 160° ISO'

10 0 10 20" 30" 4O"

.0" 40"

For explanation see Key map.

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER 19 1902 DECEMBER

1902

DECEMBER

21 1902

DECEMB E R

I*O" ISO 160 170 180" nO- I60- ISO'

Hut,h, I

For explana-tion see Key map

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.

DECEMBER 23 \9OZ DECEMBER

24-

140' ISO" 160" 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO' 140

I4O ISO" 160" 170 J80^ 170 160 ISO 140"

40" 30° 20* 10" O"

30" 20

190Z

DECEMBER

Z5 1902

DECEMBER

26

140" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO"

BO

lid

so" 20"

30" 40"

140" ISO' 160"

;0" 20" $3 10" O" 10" 20 30

For explanation see Key map

1902

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER Z7 I9OE DECEMBER

140* ISO' 160' 170' 180" 170' 160* ISO'

40* 30' 20' 10" 0* 10' 20* 30' 40'

I4O* ISO' 160' 170* ISO* 170' 160* ISO* 140'

30' 20' 10' O" 10" 20' 30'

1902

DECEMBER

29 I90Z

DECEMBER

30

150' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO* 140"

SO* 20' 10' O* 10" 2O' 30"

I4O" ISO" 160" I7(T ISO* 170* 160*

4O' 3O" 20 IO" 0" 10" 2O

For explanation see Key map.

1902

• INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER 31 1303 JANUARY

30' 20^. ' 10° O 10 20 30

1903

JANUARY

2 1903

JANUARY

I7O' 160' 150°

140* ISO' 160' 170* ISO* 170* ISO' ISO*

un"

140'

10" 20° 30'

For explana/ticm see Key ma,p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 4- I9O3 JANUARY

140° ISO" 160* 170* ISO* 170* 160* ISO* 140*

30" 20*" 10* 0" 10* 20" 30* 40"

140* ISO* 160" 170" ISO 170 ISO ISO 140"

30' 20* 10" 0" 10" 20" 3O'

1903

JANUARY

140* iSO* 160" 170 I BO 170 160 150

I4O" ISO' 160' 170 ISO' 170 160

30* 20" 10 O 10" 20" 30

30 20 10 0 10 20 30

For explanation see Key map

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 8 1903 JANUARY

I4O" ISO' ISO' 170* 180' 170' ISO ISO

30" 20" 6*IO" O" 10" 20' 30' 40

160 170 160 170 ISO

40" 30" 20" 6JIO" O" 10" 20° 30' 40

1903

JAN U AR Y

10 1903

JAN UARY

1+0" ISO" 160" 170* „ ISO* 170* 160 ISO* 140*

3O" 20" 10" O" 10* 20* 30" 40'

140" ISO' 160' 170 160 170 160 ISO

SO' 20' 10" O'

For explanation see Key ma/p.

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 12 1903 JANUARY

13

140* ISO" 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'

10' 20' 30"

1*0' ISO' ISO" 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO

30" 20" 10" 0* 10" 20' 3O" 40"

1903

JAN UARY

14- 1903

JAN UARY

15

I4O" ISO" 160* 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO"

SO" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"

140' ISO* 160' 170" IgO" 170" 160" ISO"

3O* 20* 10* O" 1O" 20* 30*^

For expla,na-t/ion see Key ma/p.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G. M T .

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 16 1903 JANUARY

17

30" 20" 10° 0" 10" 20" 30° 40°

140° ISO" 160° 170" 180 170 160 ISO

!0

30' 20" 10° 0" 10' 20' 30" 40"

1903

JANUARY

18 1903

JANUARY

19

I4O' ISO" 160" 170" 180° I7O" 160" ISO" 140'

140* ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" 160° ISO'

30" 20" 10" O" KT 28^ 30"

3O" 20" 10" 0" 10° 20° 30'

For explanation see Key map.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 20 1903 JANUARY

21

I4O' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO' 140'

40' 30" 2O' 10° O' 10' 20' 30' 40'

140' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 70' i80' ISO' 140'

»0 30' 20' 10' 0' 10

30' 40'

1903

JANUARY

32 1903

JANUARY

23

140' ISO' ISO* 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO*

30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20* 3O"

3O* 20* 10" O" 10* 20* 30* 40'

For expla-na-t ion see Key ma,p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 24 1903 JANUARY

25

4O* ISO' 160* 170" 160' 170' 160' ISO' 140'

SO' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40'

I4O' ISO'

60' 170 180 170 160 ISO' 140'

1903

JANUARY

26 1903

JAN UARY

27

60

40' SO' 20' 10' O* 10' 20' 30' 40'

140' ISO' ISO'

30" 20" 10" 0* 10* 20' 30" 4O"

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 28 1903 JANUARY

29

I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160 ISO 140"

30" 40"

I4O" ISO" 160" '70" IBO" 170 ISO ISO 140"

30" 20" 10"

1903

JAN UARY

4O" ISO" 160" 170 180" 170" 160" ISO 140

4O" ISO" 160" 170 180 170 ISO ISO 140

30" 20" 10" 0 10" 20" 30"

For explanation see Key m«.]>

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

I9O3

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY I 1903 FEBRUARY

70* 160* ISO'

30' 20' 10" 0* 10" 20' 30'

1903

FEBRUARY

3 1903

FEBRUARY

60* ISO*

140* ISO* 150* 170* 180' 170* 160* ISO*

40' 30' SO' 10* O" \0' 2? 30" 40"

40° 30" 20' 10' 0' 10* 20' 3O' 40'

For explanaA icm see Key ma/p.

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 5 I9O3 FEBRUARY

140" ISO* 160* 170* 180 170 160 ISO

I9O3

FEBRUARY

7 1903

FEBRUARY

140' .50' 160* 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO' 140'

3D" 40"

140" ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' i70' 160' ISO'

30' 20' 6 ^10' 0' 10' 20' SO"

For expl«.na.t ion see Key map

NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9O3

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 9 I9O3 FEBRUARY

IO

1*0' ISO" 160' 170° 180' 170' 160 ISO'

3O" 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30'

40'

140' ISO' 160' 170°

1903

FEBRUARY

II I9O3

FEBRUARY

12

1*0' ISO* ISO' 170" ISO" 170" l«0* ISO* 140"

30' 20' 10' O' 10" 20" 30"

140* ISO' ISO' 170" 180' 170' ISO* ISO'

140'

30" 20' 10" O" 10" 20* 3O"

For explana/tion see Key map.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 13 1903 FEBRUARY

14

1+0* ISO 160* 170 160 |70 I6O 150

10* 0" 10' 20" 30'

3O* 20' 10* 0* 10' 20' 30*

I9O3

FEBRUARY

15 1903

FEBRUARY

IS

1*0" ISO' 160' 170' 160' 170* 160' 150'

20' 10' 0* 10" 20' 30' 40'

I4O' ISO' 160' ^170' 180 170 160 150

40' 30" 20' 10' 0" 10' 20' 30'

For expla.na.tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 17 I9O3 FEBRUARY

18

1*0' ISO' ISO' 170' 160' 170' 160' 180'

SO' 20' 10* 0* 10' 20' 30'

140'

50 ISO' , 170 180' 170' 160 ISO'

20' 10 0 10 20 30" 40

1903

FEBRUARY

19 I9O3

FEBRUARY

20

For expl an action see Key map

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 21 I9O3 FEBRUARY

22

140' ISO' 160" '70 ISO no 160

30" 10" 0 10 20 30

I9O3

FEBRUARY

23 I9O3

FEBRUARY

24

20' I 10' 0- 10' 20' 30' 40'

For explana-tion see Key ma]'

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 25 1903 FEBRUARY

40"

30' 20" \IO" 0" 10' 20° 30"

140* ISO* ISO* 170* 180* 170' 160* ISO' 140"

40* SO'

I9O3

FEBRUARY

27 1903

FEBRUARY

28

14O* ISO* 160" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140°

ISO* 160" 170* ISO" 170" 160* ISO'

140"

30' 20"

0" 10* 20' 30' 40'

30" 20' 10' 0" 10" 20" 30*

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH I I9O3 MARCH

I4O' ISO' 160' IX)' ISO' 170' 160' ISO' 140*

I*?

so*

30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40'

140* ISO' ISO' 170' IBO' 10' .60' ISO' l«0'

00

40' 30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20* 3O' 40'

I9O3

MARCH

3 I9O3

MARC H

140' ISO' 160' 170' IBO' 170' 160' 1 50 140'

40' 30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20" 30' 40'

4O' ISO' ISO' 170' IBO' 170' 1«O' 150' 140'

40' 30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 3O' 4O

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. MARCH 5 1903 MARCH

1+0° !jO° 160* 170* 180* 170' 160* 150° 140*

30' 20' 10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40°

140° 150° 160° 170° 180° 170' 160° ISO' 140°

50° 20° 10° 0* 10° 20' 3O° 40°

I9O3

MARCH

7 1903

MARCH

1+0* ISO" IED° 170° 180° 170° 160 150°

For explanation see Key ma/p.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 9 1903 MARCH

10

1*0* ISO' 160* 170' 180' 170 160 150

L_

30" 20" 10" O" 10' 20' 30*

150 160

3O" 20' 10" 0" 10* 20" 30"

1903

MARCH

40" ISO" 160" 170 ISO' 170" 160 ISO'

30 20 10 0 10 20 30

3O 2O IO O 10 20 30

For explanation see Key map

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 13 1903 MARCH

I4O" ISO' 160" 170* ISO' 170' 160 ISO

30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20' 30"

140 ISO 160 170 180 170 160 ISO

10

30" 20"

1903

MARCH

I9O3

MARCH

16

1*0" ISO" 160" 170" 180' 170" l«0" ISO

SO" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 3O" 40"

140" ISO" 160" 170 160 170 160 ISO 140

»

00

4O" 30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 40

For explanation see Key map

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 17 1903 MARCH

18

I4O" ISO" 160* 170' ISO' 170' 160* ISO'

XvJ

.0* O" 10" 20' 30"

40" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160* ISO" ,40'

4O" 30' 20" 10" 0" 10" 20' 3O* 40"

I9O3

MARCH

19 I9O3

MARCH

20

I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 180' 170" I60" ISO" 140"

4O' 30' 20" 10* 0" 10" 20' 30' 40'

I4O' ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" l«0" ISO'

150

30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20' 30"

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 31 I9O3 MARCH

22

140* 130" 160* i7Q* iso' no' ijj»o iso L1Q.*-

140* 150° 160* 170 ISO 170 160 ISO

30° 20° 10" 0° 10" 20" 3O° 40

1903

MARCH

83 I9O3

MARCH

24-

I4O' ISO* 160' 170' 160' 170* 160* ISO*

30' 20' 10° o' 10* ae* so*

140* 150° 160* 170* 180 170 160 ISO

30* 20' 10' O" 10* 20* 30" 40*

For explanation see Key map

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 35 I9O3 MARCH

140' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170" 160 ISO

10' 20' 30*

140* ISO 160 170 180 170 160

30" 20" 10' O' 10" 20' 3O" 40'

I9O3

MARCH

27 I9O3

MARCH

28

140* ISO* 160* 170' ISO* '70* 160 ISO 140*

3O* 20" 10" O" 10* 20' 30"

1+0 150 160

OT

JO" 20" 10' O' 10" 20 30 4O

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 29 I9O3 MARCH

30

140" ISO" 160" 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO'

SO* 20* 10* O" 10* 20* 30* 4O*

1*0' ISO" 160* 170* ISO" 170* ISO*

SO* 20* 10" 0" 10" 20' 30" 40*

• 9O3

MARC H

31 1903

APRI L

I4O* ISO" 160"

30* 20" 10* 7J*

140' ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170' 160°

140*

40" SO* 20* 10* 0* 10* 20* 30*

For explanation see Key map

NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES APRIL 2 I9O3 APRIL

I4O" ISO' ISO' 170' 190' 170' ISO' ISO' KO'

20" 10* 0* 10" 20' 3O' 4O

I4O" ISO

40" 30' 20" 10' O' 20 30

I9O3

APRIL

4 1903

APRIL

140' ISO' ISO' 170 180' 170" ISO

30' 10 O 10 20 JO

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.

APRIL 6 1903 APRIL

1+0* 130' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' ISO"

140'

50

30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40*

140' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160'

30 20' 10 0 10 20 JO'

903

APRIL

8 1903

APRIL

140' ISO' 160' 170' 160' I7O' 160' 150° 140'

30' 20' 10' 0' 10s I? 3O'

140' ISO' 160' 170*

30' 20° 10' O' 10' 20' 3O' 40'

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

1903

APRIL

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES 10 1903

APRIL

70 ISO 170 160

I4O" ISO" 160* 170* ISO 170" 160 ISO" 140

JO' 20" 10 O" 10" 20" 30"

10" 20" 30' 4O"

I9O3

APRIL

1903

APRIL

13

I4O* ISO* 160* 170 IBO i70 1 60 ISO 140'

For explanation see Key map

'903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES APRIL 14 I9O3 APRIL

30' 20" 10 0 10 20 30

SO 2O 10 O 10 20 30

'90S

APRIL

70 ISO ISO 140'

iso iso" (70 ISO- no ieo iso 140'

30 20 10 O 10 20 3O'

30 20 10

For explnnaut ion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

190.3

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES APRIL 18 I9O3 APRIL

19

1+0" ISO" 160" 170* 160* 170" 160 ISO"

SO" 20" '» \0" O* 10" 20" 30' 40"

1*0" ISO* 160" ITO

9(3

30' 20' 10* 0" 10" 20' SO"

1903

APRIL

ZO 1903

APRIL

^\

140" ISO" 160" 110* 180" 170" I6O'

3O" 20" 10" O" IO" 20" 30*

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES APRIL 2a 1903 APRIL

140" IjO" 160" 170" ISO* 17Q' 160 ISO

A ? *

0' " 20° 30"

140" ISO" 160" 170 180 170 160 150

00

I9O3

APRIL

24 1903

APRIL

50" 160" 170" 180° I7O" 1 60" 150° 140°

|40* I5Q* ISO* 170°. ISO* 170* 160° 150°

For explanaA ion see Key map

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES APRIL 26 1903 APRIL

1+0' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO ISO"

30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 3O'

I4O* ISO* 160' ^ 170' J80' 170' 160' ISO'

40' 30' 20' 10' 0' IO' 20" 30' 40'

1903

APRIL

aa 1903

APRIL

140' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' i70' 160' ISO*

>

30' 20' 10' 0* 10' 20* 3O"

140' ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' 170' 160* ISO' 140'

v;" 20" 10' 0* 10" 20" 30"

40'

expl«,na.t ion see Key ma,p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9CK

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES APRIL 30 1903 MAY

l70' l60' ISO' 140"

10" 20" 30"

140' ISO' 160' > 170' ,180' 170" 160' ISO'

30' 20^ 6f*0° 0" 10' 20' 30*

1903

MAY

1903

MAY

1*0" tSO" 160" 170" ISO* 170" 160" ISO

30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 3O" 40"

140" ISO" 160' 170" • #0' 170" 160" ISO* 140"

* '^,c

3O* 20" IO" O" 2C° 30* 40*

For explanation see Key map.

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MAY 4 I9O3 MAY

ISO 160 170 180 170 160 ISO

40* ISO" 160* 170* 180' ,70' 160 i50'

0' O' 10' 20' 30'

30' 20- 10' O' 1C" 20' 30'

1903

MAY

6 1903

MAY

I4O ISO 160 ft jv 160

1*O* ISO' 160" 170" 180 170 100* 150

•" -^

30 20 10 O" 10 20' 30' 40'

For explanation see Key map

903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MAY 8 1903 MAY

160' 170' ISO 110 160

40 160 I/O ISO 170 160 150 140

JO' 20 10 0° 10 20 30'

1903

MAY

10 1903

MAY

30' 10' 10' 0" KT 2? 30'

40'

3O" 20° \Q~' 0* 10" 20" 3O"

For explanation 5ee Key map

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MAY 12 1903 MAY

1903

MAY

14O" ISO* 160" r 170 -j 180 >70 160 150

+O ISO 160 170 "BO 170 '60 '50

10' 20' 30" 40'

JO' 20' 10 O 10 20 30

For expl a,na.t ion see Key

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9O3

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOP NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

MAY 16 1903 MAY

17

I4O" ISO' ISO' 170' <BO" 170' 160 ISO 140

4O* SO" 20" 10" 0"

140' ISO" 160' 170 ISO 170 160 ISO

0' 20° 30' 40"

1903

MAY

18 1903

MAY

19

140" ISO" ISO" 170" 180' 170" 160" 130" 140'

30' 20' 10" O" 10" 20" 30'

140" ISO" 160" 170' 180' 170' 160 ISO'

120

3O" 20' 10" 0" 10' 20* 30'

For explanation ace Key map.

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AiR TEMPERATURES MAY 20 1903 MAY

140* 150" 160* 170' ISO* 170" 160* ISO"

'BO

•

30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 4O"

140" ISO" 6C1 :70" IBO" .70" ISO" ISO"

n

>

^.

.

'

SO" 20' 10" 0* 10" 20" 30"

1903

MAY

aa 1903

MAY

I4O* ISO* 160* 170* 180" 170" 160* 150* 140"

led

30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"

!»O" ISO" 160" 170" IgO" 170" 180" ISO'

SO" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30"

For explanation see Key map

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MAY 24I9O3 MAY

25

30' 20' 10 CT 10 20 30

I9O3

M AY

26 I9O3

MAY

I4O" ISO" 160* 170" ISO" I7O" 160" 150°

140* ISO" ISO" 170* 180" 170" 160° ISO" 140"

30' 2<r " 10' 0^ ICT 2? 30' 40"

3O" 20" 10 O" 10" 20" 30" 40"

For explanation see Key ma,p

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION. SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

MAY 28 1903 MAY

0 ISO 160 I7O ISO i7O I6O 150 140

I4O- I50- I60-

80" flO I60- ISO

30 20' 10' O' 10" 20' 30'

1903

MAY

4O* ISO* 160* 170* '8C* .70* !60

For explanation see Key ma,p

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.

JUNE I I9O3 JUNE

1+0" 130 160 170 ISO 170 160

I9O3

JUNE

3 1903

JUNE

14O* ISO" 160* 170* 180" 17O" 1 60" 150" 140°

30* 20" 30" 0s 10" 2? 30'

140* ISO* I6D" 170* ISO* 170" 16O* ISO* 140*

30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 3O"

For explanation see Key map

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JUNE 5 I9O3 JUNE

I4O" ISO" 160* 170* ISO 170 160 ISO 140

1903

JUNE

7 I9O3

JUNE

I4O" 160* 170 i BO 170 1 60 150 i40

50 160 170 S . I7O

30* 20' 10' O" 10* 20" 30' 40'

30' 20* 10 O

0* 20' 3O* 40

f-'M pxpla-na-tion see Key ma/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9O3

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JUNE 9 1903 JUNE

10

ISO' 160' 170" 180" 170" 160 ISO 140'

SO* 20*

O' 10' 20' 30'

140' ISO' 160" 170 ISO 170 160 ISO

30' 20' SOID18'* O" 10' 20' JO'

19O3

JUNE

II I9O3

JUNE

12

140* ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' ISO'

40' 30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40*

4O* 30' 20' ICT O° 10" 20* 30* 40*

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9O3

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JUNE 13 I9O3 JUNE

14

1+0" ISO' 160* 170* 180' 170 160 ISO

H

iO° 0' 10' 20' 3O'

140* 150' 160' 170' ,. 160' 170' IgO' ISO' i40'

40'. 3O' 20' 10' 0* 10' 20' SO' 40'

1903

JUNE

1903

JUNE

16

ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 160 ISO' 140'

30' 20' TO' 0' 10' 20' 30'

140' ISO' 160' 170' IBO' 170' ISO* ISO' 140'

30' 20' 10' O" 10' 20' 30' 4O'

For cxplana/tion see Key

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

I9O3

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JUNE 17 (903 JUNE

18

I4O* 130* 160" 170* ISO* 170* 160 ISO 140*

1*0" ISO" 160" 170 ISO 170 160 ISO

30' 20" 10° 0" 10' 20* 3O" 40*

\

3O° 20* ' 10* 0° 10* 20° 30*

1903

JUNE

19 I9O3

JUNE

20

140" ISO" 160" t?0" ISO* I7O" 160" ISO" 140'

140" ISO" I6O" 170' ISO" 170" 160" ISO" 140"

30' 20" 10' O" IO" 20* 30' 40'

30' 20" 10' O" 10' 29" 3O" 40'

For explanation ^ee Key

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OT SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JUNE 21 1903 JUNE

22

I4O" ISO" 160* 170' 180* 170" 160" 150'

JOl

^ 160

30' 20

SO" 20" 10" O" 10" 20' 3O' 40'

1903

JUNE

23 1903

JUNE

24-

20' 30'

30" 20" 10' 0" 10' 20' 3O"

I "i explanation see Key map

NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JUNE. as 1903 JUNE.

SO 20 10' O" 10 20 30

I9O3

JUNE

27 1903

JUNE

28

iso* iso* i7o* iso' no' iso" iso" 140"

20

30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40"

140* ISO* 160" 170* ISO* 170* 160° ISO*

30" 20" 10" 0' 10" 20" 30"

For expla.na,tion see Key ma/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JUNE E9 1903 JUNE

30

140' ISO' 160" 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'

140"

^ &

*~- • f4>

*&

.«, -^ • . - 4>

|9°l X

•.:'

2<"V *'

•^.%o°

•^s;'"-* i- - .«-«

V ..,-

- 30

40*

3O"

0' O" 10" 20* 30" 4O"

140" ISO" ISO' 170" 180" 170" ISO"

30' 20' 10" O" 10" 20' 30"

40'

1903

J U LY

I I9O3

JU LY

140" ISO' 160' 170" 180" 170" 160' ISO'

30' 20' 10" O" 10" 20" 3O"

I4O' ISO' 160" 170" 180" 170" l«0* ISO' 140'

3L' 2O' 10" 0* 10' 20' 30' *O'

For explanation see Key m&p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

JULY 3 1903 JULY

40'

30' 20' 10' O* 10' 20' 3O'

1*0' ISO' 160' 170' 180" 170' 160° ISO'

29&-T

^ *

™i;v ^_

3d" 20*" '0° 0" 10° 20° 30*

1903

J ULY

1903

JULY

iso' 160' aa' so' 170' ise' iso°

00

7C

"

1+0" ISO' ISO* 170° 180' 170' 160° ISO'

30" 2O* tO* 0° 10" 2«* 30"

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA- LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JULY 7 1903 JULY

140' ISO* 160' 170' 180' 170' 160' ISO'

M'CH ~T/ *&\ "'*

,.«« , JO 2

50

30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20" 30'

ISO' 160' 170' iBO' 70' 160'

30' 20' 10' O* 10' 20* 30'

1903

JULY

9 1903

JULY

10

ISO' ISO' 170' 180' .70' 160' ISO'

30' 20* 10" O" 10* 2O" 3O"

4O'

I4O' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' no* 160' ISO' 140'

* 4.

3D"

4O* 3O*

10' 0" 10' 20' 30'

40'

For explanation see Key iua.p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9O3

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JULY II 1903 JULY

12

140' ISO* ISO' 170' IBO* 170' 160 ISO

3O" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"

1*0 ISO

19O3

J ULY

13 I9O3

J ULY

14-

1*0' ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" ISO* ISO* 140*

140* ISO* 160* 170" 180* 170* 160" ISO' 140'

SO

BO

40*

3O" 20" 10*

3O" 20" 10° O" 10" 20" 30'

For explanation see Key ma,p

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JULY 15 1903 JULY

I4O ISO 160" i?0 180 170 160

ISO* 160* 170* 160* !70* ISO" 150" 140*

1903

JULY

17 1903

JULY

18

140 ISO* 160" 170' 160' 170" 160" ISO"

30' 20* 10* O"

20* 30"

*0" ISO" 160" 170 180" 170 160

5C" 20

For explanation see Key

NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JULY 19 1903 JULY

20

I4O* ISO" ISO' 170' IBO 170 160 150 140

4O" 3O" 20" * 10" 0" 10" 20" 30"

140 150 160 I/O 180

20" 3O"

1903

J U LY

21 I9O3

J U LY

140" ISO" ISO" 170" ISO 170 160 ISO 140

140 ISO 160 170 ISO 170 I6O 140

30" 20 10 O 10" 20" 30"

For explanation see Key ma.p.

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES J U LY 23 19 O3 J U LY

24

I4O' ISO" 160" 170' 180' 170" 160' ISO'

<s?

R.7? *

40'

50' 20' " 10' 0' 10' 20' 30' 40'

I«O* ISO* 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' ISO'

SO* 20'

1903

J U LY

Z5 1903

J U LY

140' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170* 160' ISO' 140'

0' 20' 30'

40'

140' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170' 160'

JO' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 4O'

For explana/tion see Key m&p

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. JULY 27 1903 JULY

28

ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' ISO' ISO'

20* IO° 0" 10 20

140* ISO" 160" 170* ISO* 170* 160* ISO 140*

50' 20' 10" 0' 10" 20' 30'

1903

JULY

29 1903

JU LY

30

140" ISO" 160' 170' 160' IIP' ISO' ISO" 140'

3O' 20" 10' O" 10" 20" 30"

140° ISO" ISO" 170" 160" 170' ISO ISO 140'

For explanation see Key m&p

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES.

JULY 31 1903 AUGUST

I4O* ISO' ISO' 170* 180* 170' 180' ISO*

20

HO

50

30' 20' ° 10' 0

20' 30'

50' 20' 10' O' 10* 10' 30"

I9O3

AU G U ST

2 1903

AUGUST

140' ISO" 160" 170* 160* 170* 160 150" 140*

140" ISO' ISO' 170' - 160' 170' ISO ISO' 140'

ao

30' 20' 10' O*

For explana-tion see Key map

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 4- I9O3 AUGUST

1+0' ISO' 160" 170' ISO' 170' ISO' ISO' 140'

I4O° ISO' 160' 170' 180' : 170' 160 ISO

ao

40"

30' 20' 10' 0° 10' 20' 30'

30' 20' 10* 0'

20' 50'

1903

AUGUST

6 I9O3

AU GU ST

140' ISO' 160' 170' 160' .170* 160 ISO

30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 20' 30'

40'

140' ISO' ISO' 170*

For explanation see Key map

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 8 1903 AUGUST

*O" ISO" 160" 170" 180 170 160

1903

AUGUST

10 1903

AUGUST

1*0* ISO' 160' 170* 160 170 160 ISO

4O' ISO' 160' I7O 160 170 160 ISO 140'

30' 20" 10! 0 10' 20' 30'

50" 20' 10' O' 10' 20 30'

For <xplfcna,tion see Key ma.p

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

AUGUST 12 I9O3 AUGUST

13

1*0* ISO' 160" 170' ISO' 170' 160" ISO* 1+0'

IM

40' ISO' 160' 170' ISO 170' 160

30' 20' 10? 0° 10" 20' 30" 40'

1903

AUGUST

14- I9O3

AUGUST

15

I4O" ISO' 160' 170' 180" 170° 160* ISO'

3O 20* 10* 0* 10' 20" 30"

140" ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160" ISO"

140'

3O" 20' 10" O* 10" 20* 30'

For explanation ste Key map

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 16 I9O3 AUGUST

1+0* ISO' 160" 170 180 170 I6O ISO 140

I4O ISO 160 170 180 170 160 150

10' 20" 30'

I9O3

AUGUST

18 I9O3

AUGUST

1*0" ISO" 160' 170 180 170 160 ISO

140 ISO" 160" 170" 180' 170 160 ISO

30 20 10 0 10 20 30

SO' 2O' 10 O

0' 20' 30

For explnna/t ion see Key map

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 20 1903 AUGUST

21

140" 150* 160* 170" ISO* 170* 160 ISO 140*

JO* 20* 10' 0° 10* SO* 30* 40*

140* ISO* 160° 170 180 170 160 ISO

30* 20* 10* 0* 10* 20* 30*

I9O3

AUGUST

22 i9O3

AUGUST

23

I4O" ISO" 160" 170" ISO* 170" 160* ISO* 140*

30* 40*

30' 2O" 10* O* 10" 20' 30' 40

For explanation see Key m&p.

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 24. 1903 AUGUST

25

i4O' iso* ISO' 170" IBP' no' i6Q iso

BO"

jtf _A~

4O'

30' 20'

IH?

SOI 6(5

0' 10' 20' 3O' 40'

1903

AUGUST

26 I9O3

AU GUST

27

140" ISO' 160' 170' 160' 170' 160* ISO'

30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40'

140' 150' 160' 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO*

4O' 30' 20* 10' O* 10' 20' 30

For expla.na.tion iff Key ma.p

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES AUGUST 28 I9O3 AUGUST

29

ISO* 160" 170* 180* 170' 160* 150*

3O" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 3O" 40'

I4O" ISO" 160" 170 180 170 160 150

30" 20" 10' O" 10' 20" 30"

1903

AU G U ST

3O I9O3

AUGUST

31

SO' 140"

0" 20" 30"

I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO

30" 20" 10" O"

2O" 30"

For explanation set Key ma.p

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES SEPTEMBER I I9O3 SEPTEMBER

40 ISO ISO 170 I8O 170 ISO ISO .40

I9O3

SEPTEMBER

3 1903

SEPTEM B ER

50" ISO" 170" 160 170 160 ISO

For explanation see Ke% ni«.|i

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES SEPTEMBER 5 1903 SEPTEMBER

150" 160" 170*1, ^ 180 170 160 '50

20" 10" O° 10" 20°

140 150

3O° 20" 10" O° 10" 20° 3O"

1903

SEPTEMBER

7 1903

SEPTEMBER

I4O* ISO* 160" 170^ t 160" 170' 160* ISO* 140*

20" 10* 0" 10" 20" 30* 40*

140" ISO" 160* 0170 160 160 ISO

3O" 20" 10" 0* tO" 20" 3O*

For explanation sc« Key

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES SEPTEMBER 9 1903 SEPTEMBER

10

140 ISO 160 170 ISO 170 160 ISO

0 ' 20' 30"

40"

140' ISO' 160' -. 170' 180' 170' 160" ISO

30' 20' 10* O' 10' 20' 30

1903

SEPTEM B ER

II I9O3

SEPTEM B ER

12

140* 150* 160* 170* 160* 170* 160* ISO* 140"

30' 20'

140* (SO* J60* 170'.. _1_60* t_7_Q* 160* ISO* 140*

For *xpl«.na,tion see Key uia.p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

I9O3

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES SEPTEMBER 13 1903 SEPTEMBER

14-

140° ISO* 160" 170* ISO* 170' 160" ISO"

30" 20' <?|0" 0" 10' 20' 3O"

50" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30"

I9O3

SEPTEMBER

15 1903

SEPTEMBER

«0° ISO" ISO" I7064tt 180 KICJ70" 160 ISO 140"

For explanation see Key

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE TOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES SEPTEMBER 17 I9O3 SEPTEMBER

18

140" ISO" 160° 170* *§&*'^ 170" '60' 150" 140"

SO" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 4O"

1*0' ISO" 160" 170 ISO / 170 160 ISO 40'

30' 20" 10" O" 10" 20' JC'

1903

SEPTEMBER

19 I9O3

SEPTEMBER

20

40" ISO" 160' 170" 180" **f 170 160 ISO 140'

ISO" 160" 170 180 170 ISO ISO

50" 20 10 0 10 20 30

For explanation see Key map

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES SEPTEMBER 21 I9O3 SEPTEMBER

140° 150" 160" 170* 160' 170 160 ISO

30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 20° 30

ISO 160 170 ISO 170

20' 30"

1903

S EPTEMBE R

23 1903

SEPTEM B ER

24

ISO* 160* 170" 16 3" 170° 160" ISO" 140*

» "••'**

3O" 20" 10° O* IO" 20" 30*

1+0* ISO* 160" 170* 160' 170' 160 ISO

20* 30*

For e xpl an a-tion see Key m a,p

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES SEPTEMBER 25 I9O3 SEPTEMBER

ISO* 160" 170 180' 170 ISO ISO

I4O ISO 160 170 180 170 160 ISO

20' 3O*

30* 20" 10 0

1903

SEPTEMBER

140" ISO" 160" 170* 160 170 160 ISO 140

140 ISO 160 170 160 170 160 ISO 140

20 30 40

4O* SO" 20' 10 O" IO" 20 30 4O

FI>I explanation se* Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES SEPTEMBER Z9 1903 SEPTEMBER

30

40* ISO" ISO* 170 ISO 170 160

30* 20*

140" 150 160 170 180 170 160 ISO

I9O3

OCTOBER

I4O" 150" 160" 170 160 170 160

140" 160 170' 180 170 I6U

For explanation see Key ma-p

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES OCTOBER 3 1903 OCTOBER

140' ISO' 160' 170" ISO' 170 160

1*0' ISO' ISO 170' 180" 170 160 ISO 140'

30' 20' 10' 0'

10' 20' 30'

50' 20' 10" 0

20 30

1903

OCTOBER

5 1903

0 CTOB E R

'40' ISO" 160' 170 IBO' >70 160 150 140'

140' ISO' 160' 170 160' 170 160 ISO 140

''< S- ' X

SO 20 10 0 10 20

JO 20 10 0 10 20 30

For expl*na,tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9O3

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA- LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER 7 I9O3 OCTOBER

a

I4O" ISO* 160* 170" ISO' 170* 160

30* 20* 10° O" 1 0 * 20° 30" 40"

140° ISO* 160 170 180 170 160 ISO

in

30" 2O' 10" O" 10" 20° 3O" 40'

I9O3

OCTOBER

9 1903

OCTOBER

IO

1+0* ISO" 160" 170" 180' 170" ISO" ISO' 140"

40" 50" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 30" 40"

140" 160" 170 ISO' 170 160 ISO

For explanation set Key map

NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES OCTOBER II I9O3 OCTOBER

I4O* ISO* 160* i7Q* 180' 170* 160* ISO* 140*

I4O* ISO' 160* 170* ISO* 170* 160* ISO' 140*

«0

20" 10" 0" 10" 20* 3O"

40" 30" 2O" 10" O" 10" 20" 30' 40"

I9O3

OCTOBER

13 I9O3

OCTOBER

140" (SO* 160* 1 70 160 170 160

I4Q" ISO* 160 170' 180* 170 160

For explanation see Key map

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES OCTOBER 15 I9O3 OCTOBER

16

140° ISO" 160° 170* ISO" 170" 160* ISO'

40"

30" 20

I4O' ISO" 160" 170" 180' 170" 160" ISO'

I9O3

OCTOBER

17 1903

OCTOB ER

18

1+0* ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO"

140"

30' 20' 10' O* 10* 20" 30*

40"

3O" 20" 10" 0* 10" 20° 30'

For explanation see Key m&p

NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES OCTOBER 19 1903 OCTOBER

50" 20" 10 0' 10' 20' 50'

I9O3

OCTOB E R

21 1903

0 CTO B E R

22

140" ISO* 160* 170* 160* 170* 160* ISO* 140*

40" 30" 20" 10' 0" 10" 20" 30* 40*

40 160 170 160 i70 »60 150

30' 20' 10 O 10 20 30

For expl«.na,tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES OCTOBER 23 I9O3 OCTOBER

1+0" ISO" 160° I7Q* 180* 170* 160* ISO*

30" 20" 10° 0" 10" 20" 3O"

140" ISO" 160' 170" 180° 170 160 ISO

0" 20" 3O"

1903

OCTOBER

I9O3

OCTOBER

26

140" ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170" 160 ISO"

140" ISO" 160" 170 180" 170" 160" ISO

HIGH*

30 20 10 O 10" 20" 30"

20" ""JftlO O 10" 20 30

For explanation see Key ma.p

NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

I9O3

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES OCTOBER 27 I9O3 OCTOBER

28

ISO' 160" 170' ISO' 170' ISO ISO

ia>

HO

30' 20' I0"6/ O* 10' 20" 30'

1*0- ISO' 160' 170 180" 170' ISO ISO

sblllsa

1903

OCTOBER

29 I9O3

OCTOBER

30

140' ISO* ISO' 170* 180' 170' ISO* ISO*

3O' 20' 10' 0' 10* 20' 3O'

to'

30' 20' 10'

For explanation see Key map

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

OCTOBER 31 I9O3 NOVEMBER

140* ISO* 160* 170" 180* 170" 160

30" 20" «*\10'

ISO* 160* 170" IBO* 170* 160' 150'

10° 0" 10" 20° 3O" 40"

1903

NOVEMBER

I9O3

NOVEMBER

I4O" ISO*

50 20 "- 10" 0 10* 20' 30'

140* ISO"

aa

110

20' 30'

For explanation see Key ma/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 4- 1903 NOVEMBER

1903

NOVEMB ER

1903

NOVE M B E R

140' ISO' ISO' 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO'

140'

SO' 20" 10' 0 10' 20' 30'

For explanation

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SETA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 8 I9O3 NOVEMBER

140* ISO* 160* 170* 180 170 160 150 140

30* 20* 10* O° 10* 20" 30* 40°

140 ISO 160 170 ISO

3O* 20* 10" 0° 10" 2O* 30°

I9O3

NOVEMBER

10 I9O3

NOVEMBER

140" ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140"

3O" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40*

140" ISO" ISO" 170" 160" 170" 160 ISO"

50" 20" 10" O* 10" 20" 30"

For explanation see Key

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

NOVEMBER 12 1903 NOVEMBER

13

140* ISO' 160" 170* ISO 170 160

rd

14O* ISO* 160' 170* 180' 170* 160* ISO* 140'

40* 30" 20* 10" 0* 10' 20" 30" 40'

I9O3

NOVEMBER

14 1903

NOVEMBER

15

140* ISO* 160* 170* 160* .70* 160'

140" ISO' ISO* 170' 160* 170* 160* 150*

30' 20

i* if 64 Q* IQ' 20'

30' 40"

For explanation srr Key map

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

NOVEMBER 16 I9O3 NOVEMBER

17

70° ISO* 170' 160" 150" 140"

30" 20" 10* O" 10" 20" 30" 40"

50" 20" 10 O' 10" 20" 30°

I9O3

NOVEMBER

18 1903

NOVEMBER

19

140" ISO" ISO" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140"

3O" 20" 10" O* 10" 20" 30" 40"

140" ISO" 160" 170" . 180" 170" 160" ISO" 140"

SO' 20' 10" O" 10" 20" SO

For explanation see Key m&p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 2O I9O3 NOVEMBER

21

140* ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170' 160* ISO* 140'

BO"

40" 30' 20"

30" 20"

I9O3

NOVE.M B E R

NOVEMBER

40" ISO" 160' 170" let)' 170' 160 ISO

140" ISO" 160" 170' 160 170 .60 150

30* 20' 10 0

0* 2O' 30

For e xp 1 «,ri a 1 1 on see K e \ map

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 34 I9O3 NOVEMBER

25

140" ISO" 160*

40"

40" 30" 20' 10" 0* 10' 20' 30' 40"

I4O' ISO" 160" 170"

30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20' 30" . 40"

I9O3

NOVE MBER

26 1903

NOVEMBER

27

ISO" 160" 170" 180" 110" 160" ISO" 140"

3D' 20* ss 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40"

I4O" ISO" 160" 170* 180" 170" ISO* ISO" 140"

KM

\

30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20"" 30"

For explana/lion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

1903

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES NOVEMBER 28 I9O3 NOVEMBER

140* ISO' 160* 170* !ftO* 170* 160* 150'

I4O' ISO"

SO" 20" 10'

JO' 2O'

I9O3

NOVEMBER

30 I9O3

DECEMBER

140" ISO" 160" 170- . 160 170 160 ISO

160" 170 160 170 160 ISO

30" 20" 10 0 10 20 50 40

•r 20' 30 40

For expl«.na,t ion see Key

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER 2 I9O3 DECEMBER

140° ISO' 160" 170° ISO* 170* 160* 150* 140*

0' 20° 30* 40'

iso' ISO* 170' IBP' no* iso* 150°

30' 20' 10° 0' 10' 20' 3O*

I9O3

DECEMBER

I9C3

DECEMBER

140" ISO* 160" 170' „ ieo' 170° 160' ISO'

30' 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' 40'

140" ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160* I50C 140*

40'

For explan&tion see Key ma/p

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER 6 1903 DECEMBER

I4O ISO* 160' 170 IBO" 170 160 ISO 140"

1903

DECEMBER

8 1903

DECE M B E R

4O* ISO" 160" 170" !60 170 160 ISO

HO" 160' 170' IBO' 170 160

O ,

A

30" 20" 10'

10" 20- 30'

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

I9O3

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

DECEMBER IO I9O3 DECEMBER

1+0* ISO' 160* 170 160' 170 160" ISO

I9O3

DECEMBER

12 I9O3

DECEMBER

13

140' ISO' ISO'

1+0* 150* 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO* ISO*

ISO

L

30" 20' 10' O' 10' 20' 30'

For explanation see Key m&,p

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER 14 I9O3 DECEMBER

4O' ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' 170 160

I4O 150 I6O I7O IBO I7O IBG

1903

DECEMBER

16 I9O3

DECEMBER

Kor explanation see Key ma.p

I9O3

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER 18 I9O3 DECEMBER

19

I4O° ISO" 160° 170* ISO '70 160 150

30' 20* 10" 0° 10° 20° 30"

20° 30°

I9O3

DECEMBER

20 I9O3

DECEMB ER

21

140" ISO" 160" 170" 180* 170' 160 ISO

20' \ 10° 0* 10" 20" 30"

30* 20" 10" 0" 10" 20

For explanation see Key uia/p

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER ZZ 1903 DECEMBER

I4O- ISO" ISO' 170 ISO 170 ISO- ISO 140

1903

DECEMBER

40' ISO* 160* 170 160 170 160 150 140

SO /2OT 10 O 10 20 30

Fo r e Kp la-na-tion s^e Key in *t | •

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES, DECEMBER 26 1903 DECEMBER

27

1*0" ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170" 160 ISO" 140'

30' 20

O" 10° 20" 30'

40*

140' ISO' 160' 170* 180* 170' 160' ISO' 140

30" 20° 10' 0" 10" 20° 30"

1903

DECEMBER

28 I9O3

DECEM B ER

29

140 ISO 160 170 180 170 160 ISO

3O" 20 10" O* 10" 20" 30"

140* ISO" 160"

alO" 0s IO" 2O' 30" 40"

For explanation see Key map.

1903

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION. SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES DECEMBER 3O I9O3 DECEMBER

30' 20" 10" O" 10* 20" "50"

Of 2O 10 O 10 20 3O

1904-

JANUARY

I 1904

J AN U ARY

I4O" ISO ISO (70 ISO 170

.

For explanation see Key map

1904

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. JANUARY 3 1904- JANUARY

I+O' ISO' 160* 170° ISO" 170" 160 ISO

30" 40

30" 20* 10° 0' 10' 20° 30'

1904-

JANUARY

5 1904-

JANUARY

I4O* 150° 160* 170" 180" 170° 160" 150" 140*

1+0" ISO" 160° 170 180 170 160 150 140

For explanation see Key map.

I9O4-

! NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 7 1904- JANUARY

40" 30" 20" 10" O'

I4O" ISO' 160*

3O' 2O' IO" O' 10" 20' 30' 4O"

1904-

J AN UARY

9 1904-

J AN UARY

10

I4O* ISO* 160* 170' JBO' 170* ISO' ISO* 140*

20* 10" O" 10" 2O" 30" 4O"

3O" 20 10" O" 10" 20*

For expla.na.tion see Key map

NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1904

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M T.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY II 1904- JANUARY

12

140* ISO' ISO' 170* 180' 170' 160* ISO' 140'

50' 20° 10° O' 10" 20° 30' 40'

40* 150' 160' 170* ISO' 170' ISO' ISO* 140'

4O° 30" 20° 10° O° 10" 20' 30* 40

1904

JAN U ARY

13 1904

JANUARY

14

I4O ISO 160 170 ISO 170 160 150 140°

3CT 20' '57 10* Q* 10' 2O' SO'

140' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160° ISO' 140'

It K

40' 3O' 2O' 10' 0' 10° 20' 3O' 40

For explana-tion see Key ma/p

I9O4-

I NTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 15 1904- JANUARY

16

I4O* ISO' 160' 170" I6O' 170' 160* ISO' 140'

30' 20' \,IO* 0* 10' 20' 3O' 40'

I4O* '50

1904

JANUARY

17 I9O4-

JANUARY

IS

140* ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO' 140*

4O' SO* 20* I&10* 0* 10" 20" 3O' 4O*

140* ISO' ISO' 170' 180* 170' 160* ISO' 140*

JO' 2O' 10' O* 10' 20' 30'

tn

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1904-

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 19 1904- JANUARY

20

I4O' ISO" 160' 170' 180' 170* ISO' ISO* 140*

30" 20'

I4O ISO 160 170 160 170 160 150

IK?

30" 20' 10° O' 10" 20" 3O"

I9O4-

JANUARY

21 I9O4

J A N U A RY

22

1 1*0' ISO* 160* 170' ISO' nO' 160' ISO" 140'

I4O" ISO* 160' I7O" 180° 170' 160° ISO'

SO" 20° 10" O* 10" 20" 3O

For expla.na.tion see Key map

I9O4

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION,

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 23 1904 JANUARY

I4O- ISO' ISO ITO 180' 170 I6O ISO 140'

I4O' ISO" 160' 170' ISO' 170' 180 ISO I401

20 10 O'

40 3O 20 IO 0' 10' 20' 30' 40'

1904

JANUARY

25 1904

JANUARY

26

I4O' ISO' I6O' I7O' 160* 170' 160 ISO' 140'

3tf 10' 10' O' 10* 2O" 3O' 40'

I4O' 150' 160'

4O' SO'

For explanation see Key m&p

1904

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 27 I9O4 JANUARY

28

20" 30" 40

1904

JANUARY

29 1904

JANUARY

30

I4O' ISO' 160° 170' 180* 170' 160' ISO* I4O'

I4O* ISO' 160° 170' I8O' 170* 160° ISO' 140'

For expla.na.tion see Key map.

1904-

i INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES JANUARY 31 1904- FEBRUARY

140- ISO' 160" 170 160" 170 160 ISO' 140"

1904-

FEBRUARY

I4O ISO" ISO" 170

'O 160 ISO (40

140* ISO" 160" 170 I8(T 170 160 ISO* 140"

SO 20 10 O 10" 20" 30'

4O" 3O* 20 10" O" 10" 20 30" 40

For explanation see Key ina.p

1904-

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. FEBRUARY 4- 1904- FEBRUARY

I4O* ISO' 160' 170* ISO' 170* 16O* ISO' 140'

40' 30' 20' 10' O* 10" 20" 30* 40'

I4O' ISO* 160' 170' 180* 170* 160' ISO* 140*

60'

30' 20' 10' O° 10" 20° 30' 40'

1904-

FEBRUARY

6 1904

FEBRUARY

140' ISO' 160' 170' I8O' no' 160° 150° 140"

4Q 30 20" 10* 0* 10* 20* • 3O" 40"

140* , ISO* 160" 170' IBO' HO' 160' ISO' 140'

3O" 20° 10" 0* 10" 20" 3O 40

For explanation see Key map

1904-

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION. SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 8 1904 FEBRUARY

ISO 160* 170 160 '70 160 ISO 140

4O* 30'

10' 20* 30" -"u

I4O 150 160 170 180 170 160 150 140

5O 20 10 O 1O 2O 3O* 4O

1904-

FEBR UARY

10 1904-

FEBRUARY

I4O* ISO* I6O* 170 180' 170 160 150" 140*

40' SO' 2O* 10* 0* 10" Z0~ 30' 40*

14O' ISO* 160* 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO* 140'

40* 30* 2CT 10* O* 10* 20' 3O* «£

For explanation see Key map.

I9O4-

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 12 1904- FEBRUARY

40° 30' 20' 10° O' 10' 20° 30

1904-

FEBRUARY

14- 1904-

FEBRUARY

HO' ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160 ISO

I4O' ISO' ISO' 170 180' 170" IBO

LO' 30° icf 10' O' 10' 20' SO

40' 3O° 20 10* O' 10' 20' 30' 4O'

For explana-tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1904-

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

FEBRUARY 16 1904- FEBRUARY

40* 30' 20' 10' O" 10" 2O' 3O" 40'

I4O' ISO' 160' 170* IBO* 170' 160* ISO'

3O* 20" 10" O" 10" 2O"

1904-

FEBR UAR Y

18 I9O4-

FEBRUARY

30 20 10 0 10 20' 30' 4O

JO 10 0 10 2O 3O 40

Huth. .

For expla.na.tion see Key map

1904

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G.M.T.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. FEBRUARY 20 I9O4 FEBRUARY

21

140' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170* ISO ISO 140

30° 20° 10* O° 10° 20" 30° 40°

10° 20° 30°

1904

FEBRUARY

22 1904

FEBRUARY

23

I4O" ISO" 160' 170° 180° 170° 160° ISO' 140°

I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 180° 170° 160" ISO" 140*

For explana-tion see Key map.

1904-

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON G M T.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES FEBRUARY 24- 1904- FEBRUARY

25

140' ISO" 160" 170" ISO" 170 160" ISO 140"

30" 20" 10" O" 10" 20" 3O"

I4O" ISO" 160" .70" 160" 170" 180" ISO" 140"

30" 20' °" \0' O" 10" 2O" 30' 40'

1904

FEBRUARY

4O ISO I6O I7O IBU 17O 16O 150 140

140" ISO" ISO" 170 160 170" 160" ISO' 140'

30 20 10" O 10 20 30' 4O

4O 3O 10 0 10 ZO 30'

For explana-tion see Key map.

1904-

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES. FEBRUARY 28 I9O4 FEBRUARY

29

1*0* ISO' 160' 170" I8O' 170" ISO ISO 140'

30" 20° !0' 0° 10' 20' 30' 40'

150 160 170

ISO 140

40'

30' 20" "b 10' 0° 10' 20' 30' 40'

1904-

M AR C H

I I9O4-

M ARC H

140* ISO* ISO' 170' 180' 170' 160° ISO*

20 6irIO 0* 10" 20" 3O* 4O"

8O" 170' 160' ISO'

0" 1O" 20" 30"

For explanation see Key map

1904

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION. SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS or SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 3 1904 MARCH

140' ISO' ISO*

isdl

4O* 30' 20* 10* 0'

i«o* iso' 160* ire* iao' 170* ieo* iso* 140'

I

30' 20' 10' O* 10* 20' 30' 40'

1904

M ARCH

5 1904

MARCH

140 ISO 160 170

BO ISO 140

30' 40"

I4O* ISO* 160* 170* 180' 170* 160* ISO' 140*

4O" 30" 20' 10" O* 10" 20' 30" 4£

For expla.na.tion see Key map

1904-

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 1 19O4- MARCH

50° 140*

10" 20" 30° 40*

I4O* 150° ISO* 170* ISO* 170' 180* ISO' 140

I9O4-

M AR C H

9 I9O4-

M AR C H

1C

I4O' ISO' ISO' 170' 180' 170° 160 ISO' 140'

30" 20" 10" O" 10" 2O" 30"

For expla.na.tion see Key map.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1904-

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR T E M P E R AT U R E S MARCH II 1904- MARCH

12

ISO

ISO* 160' 170' IBO* PO' 160* ISO

SO' 20' 10' 0'

HO* I6O' 170* 160* 170* ieO" ISO' 140'

oil

1904-

M ARC H

13 1904-

MARCH

2O 10 0 10 20 3O 40

For explanation see Key m&p

1904-

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION. SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT.

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH I 5 1 9 O4- MARCH

: 20' : 20 30"

1904-

M AR C H

17 190 +

MARC H

ISO' ISO' 170' 180" IW -6C' 91

3C

For expiana.tion s»e Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1904

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 19 1904- MARCH

20

5

JO' 20' 10' O* 0' ZO' 30' 40"

ISO" 160" 170* IKT I7O' C60f ISO1 140'

30' 2O' 10' 0'

I9O4

M A.R C H

21 1904

MARCH

For explanation see Key map

I9O4-

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT. WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES

MARCH 23 1904- MARCH

!«• ISO* 160' 170* ISO' 170' 160' 150°

0' 20' 30'

I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 160* 170* 160" ISO" 140

3O' 20' 10' O" 10" 20" 30"

40'

1904-

M ARCH

25 I9O4-

M ARC H

26

I4O" ISO* I6O* I70e 180* !70* 160" ISO*

5O 20" 10* O* 10" 2O* 30"

I4O"

150° 160* 170" 180" 170* 160* ISO* 140*

3O* 2O" 10" O" 10" 20" 3O

For explanation see Key map

1904-

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 27 1904 MARCH

40' ISO* 160' 170" ISO' 170' 160' ISO'

140' ISO' 160' 170' I8(T 170' l«0' ISO' 140'

10 20 SO'

1C' 20' 30'

1904-

M ARCH

29 1904-

MARC H

I4O* ISO* 160' 170 I8O' :70' 160 ISO

For explanation see Key m&p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

1904-

SYNCHRONOUS CHARTS OF SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE FOR NOON GMT

WITH WINDS AND AIR TEMPERATURES MARCH 31

4O 3O'

140* ISO

:*'!' ISO' 160' 180'

I4O- ISO' IWT 170' 180" IW 160' ISO 1*0

*O ZO O 10 20 3O *O

For expla.na.tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSUREAIND AIR TEMPERATURE.

OCTOBER

NORMAL PRESSURE.

MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1901.

140* ISO

30' 20' 10" O'

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

OCTO B ER

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON.G.M.T. 1901.

HO' ISO* 160' 170* 180" 170° 160* ISO'

4O° 30" 20°

I4O" ISC'

For expl a.na,t ion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

NOVEMBER

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GMT. 1901.

140" ISO

40" 30' 20' 10" 0"

i4O" ISO" 160' 170' 190* 170' 160* ISO'

50 SOI

4O" 30" 20* 10*

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

NOVEMBER

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON.G.MT. 1901

140" ISO* 160' 170' 160' 170' 160' ISO' 140'

3O" 20* 10" O" 10" 20' 30" 40"

I4O" ISO" 160" 170" 160" 170" 160

4O" 3O" 20* 10" 0" 10" 2O" SO"

•

KIM explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

DECEMBER

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1901

150 160 170 ISO" 170* 160* ISO

20 10 O 10" 2O* 30'

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE. DECEMBER

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON.G.M.T. 1901

?" 160° 170' 180° 170' 160°

for expla.na.tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

J AN U ARY

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GM.T. \BOZ.

I4O' ISO" ISO' 170' I8O' 170' ISO' ISO' 140'

I4O' ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' ISO' :5O'

40' 30' 2O' 10' O* 10* 20' 30' 40'

30' 20' 10' 0' 10' 2O' ^0' 4O'

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

J ANU ARY

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1902.

160 170 160 170 ISO

I4O' ISO" ISO" 170 160 170

SO 2O IO O IO" 2O SO 4O

30" 2O 10-

IO 20 JO

HuUi '

For explanation see Key m«.|-

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

FEBRUARY

NORMAL PRESSURE.

MEAN PRESSURE,NOON, G.M.T. 1902.

1*0" ISO* 160" 170* 180" 170" 160* ISO" 140°

ail

0" 20" 30" 4O"

I4O" ISO* 160" 170" ISO* 170* 160" ISO" 140"

30" 20' 10" 0* 10" 20" 30' 40"

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

FEB RU ARY

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1902.

30 20 10* O" 10* 20* 30" 4O"

I4O* ISO* 160* 176* 180* I/O* 160* ISO*

30" 20* 10* O* 10" 2O" 30" 40

For expla,naA ion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

MARCH

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1902

I4O" ISO" 160* 170* ISO' 170' 160 ISO

30" 20* 10" 0" 10" 2O" 3O" 4O*

40" SO" 20" 10' O' 10" 20" 30" 40"

MARCH

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

MEAN AIR TEMPER ATURE.NOON.G.M T. 1302.

60 170 ISO 170 160

40- 30' 20" 10 O 20 30

2O 10 O 2O 3D 4O

For

ion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

APRIL

NORMAL PRESSURE.

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M T. 1902.

1*0* ISO* 160' 170' 180' 170' I6<f ISO

00

uot

3O" 20' JO* O" 10" 20" 30" 40"

140 ISO"

4O" 3O'

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

APRIL

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE,NOON,G.M.T. 1902.

«0" ISO" ISO' 170' 180° 170" ISO ISO t+0"

40 yf 20 10 O' 10" 20' 30" 4O"

140' ISO" ISO" 170" 180" 170" 160" ISO* 140"

SO' 2O" 10" 0" 10' 20" SO' 40

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

MAY

NORMAL PRESSURE.

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GM.T. 1902.

ISO' ISO' 170' 160" 170' 160" ISO' KO-

bU I /U IBU

40' 3O' 20' 10' O' 10 20 30

2O' IO" O 10 2O

MAY

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON.G.MT. 1902

ISO' 70 IBCT 170' 160 ISO 1+0

For explana.! ion sre Key

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

JUNE

NORMAL PRESSURE.

MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1902.

I4O' ISO' 160' 170* ISO' 170* 160* ISO* I4O'

JUNE

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE,NOON, G.M.T.

30 20' 10* 0* IO* 20" 30"

I4O* ISO" 160" 170" 180" 170° ISO" ISO*

3O" 20* 10* O* 10° 2O" 3O

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

JULY

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.MT. 1902.

140" ISO" 160" ITO IBO 170 I6O ISO

40' 30" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20' 30" 40'

140" ISO" 160" iTO" ISO" 170" 180" ISO* 140'

40" SO" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20" 30" 40"

JULY

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1902.

140" ISO" ISO" 170" IBO- 170' 160- ISO'

50" 20 10 O 10 20 JO"

OI explanation ite Key u>a.p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

AUGUST NORMAL PRESSURE. M EAN PRESSU R E, N 00 N, G. M .T. I 9 02.

50' ISO' 170' I8O- 170" 160 ISO I4C

30 20 10 O 10 20 30' 10

O* IO 2O 3O 40

AUGUST

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1902.

1*0" ISO* 160* 170' 180° 170* 160 ISO' !«'

JO' 2O 10 O" 10' 20' 30' 40'

I4O' ISO* 160' 170* 160* 170' 160' ISO' 140'

3O* 20' 10* O* IO* 20' SO'

For expla.na.tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEM PERATU RE.

SEPTEMBER

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GM.T 1902.

3O" 20

1*0 ISO I6O 170 180 170 160 '-5Q

SEPTEMBER

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE

M EAN AIR TEMPER ATU R E. N DON, G.M T. 1902

I4O' ISO' 160* 170 ISO' 170 160 ISO'

For explanation see Key maj>

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

OCTOBER

NORMAL PRESSURE.

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1902.

I4O' 150° 160' 170' 180* 170' 160* ISO' HO'

I4O' ISO' ISO' 170 ISO* 170' ISO ISO 140'

30' 20' 10' O° 10' 2O' 30' 40'

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

OCTOBER

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. I90a.

140" ISO" 160* 170' ISO* 170° 160* ISO* 140"

30 20" 10" O" IO" 20" 30*

I4O" 150° 160" 170" 160* '70° 160* ISO' 140'

,0

IK

30* 20° 10" O" 10" 20 30

For explana-tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

NOVEMBER

NORMAL PRESSURE.

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GMT. 1902.

140' ISO' ISO' 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO

30" 20" 10* O" 10" 2O" 30" 40"

I4O ISO 160

4O" SO

10" O' 10* 20" 30" 40"

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

NOVEMBER

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE,NOON,G.M T. I90Z.

I4O" ISO* 160* 170* ISO" 170* 160 ISO" 140"

4O" 3O" 20" 10" O* 10" 2O* 3O" 4O"

I4O* ISO* 160" 170 ISO 170 160 'SO

40" SO" 20* 10" 0* 10" 20 30

-

For explanation see Key m&p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN S E.A LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

DECEMBER

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1902.

40' ISO* 160' 170' 160' 170' 180 ISO 140'

40" 30" 20" 10* O' 10* 20* 30* 40*

14O ISO 160 17

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

DECE MBER

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. I90c.'.

140 ISO 160* 170 ISO 170 160 150 I4O*

40' 3O 20 10' 0* 10' 20* 30' 40'

I4O* ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO* 140'

a

50' 2CT 10* 0' 10' 20' 3O*

For expl a,na.t>ion see Key ma/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SE.A LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

JANUARY

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G M.T. 1903.

40" 150" 160" 170" 160* 170" 160" 150' 1 40'

loo

40" 50" 20" 10"

1*0" iso" lee" i7o" leo" no" ieo 150'

uo

40"

3O' 20' 10" O" 10" 20

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

JAN UARY

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON.G.MT. 1903.

140 ISO ISO 170 180" 170 160 ISO 140'

0" i70" 160 ISO

30 20 10 O 10 2O 3O

so" 20" 10 0 IO ZO JO

Huth. L ondoii

For expl«.n«-tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

FEBRUARY

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1903.

0" 20" 30"

1*0" ISO"

30' 20' 10' 0' 10" 2O' 30'

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

FEBRUARY

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1903.

140 ISO' 160" 170 I8O 170 160 ISO 140"

3O 20 10" 0' 10' 20" 3O"

I4O" ISO' 160' 170* ISO' 170" 160° ISO'

3O* 20* 10" O* 1 0 * 20* 3O"

For explanation see Key map.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

MARCH

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GM.T. 1903.

30' 20' 10' O' 10* ZO' 30'

3O" 20' 10* O' 10' 20' 30'

40'

MARCH

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1903.

1*0' ISO' 160' 170' 180 170 160 ISO'

40 30 20' 10' O' 10" 20" 30' 4O'

I4O'

ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160'

«0' 3O' 2O' 10' O' 10' 20' 30' Vf

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

APRIL

NORMAL PRESSURE.

MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G M.T. I9O3.

50* 160' 170 180' 170' 160" ISO

40' 30' 20" ',0° O" 10' 20* 30' 40"

I4O ISO 160 170 ^> 180 170 160

KXJ

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

APRIL

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, N DON, G.M.T. 1903.

1*0' ISO' 160' 170° 180° 170' 160 ISO l«"

20' 10' 0* 10" SO' 30' 40"

140* ISO* ISO* 170' 180* 170' ISO* ISO* 140'

3O" 20" 10" O* 10" 20° 30"

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTSOF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

MAY

N ORMAL PRESSURE.

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1903.

140' ISO* ISO' 170' I6O* 170' 160 ISO'

I4O ISO 160 170 180 170 160 ISO

IK?

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

MAY

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1903

160" 170' 160 170' 160'

4O' 30 20 10 O* 10' 2O' 3O* 4O*

40- 30' 20 10 O IO 20 3D

Hutlv London

For expl«.na,t.ion see Key ma,|>

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

JUNE

NORMAL PRESSURE.

MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, G.M T. 1903.

1*0* ISO' 160' 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO* 140'

20* 30' 40°

I4O' ISO* 160' 170* 160' 170* 160 ISO' 140"

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

JUNE

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON.G.M.T. 1903.

l«0* ISO' 160' 170' ISO' 170' 160' ISO' 140'

4O 3O 20' 10* O" 10" 20" 30*

I4O" ISO" 160° 170° 180° 170" 160° ISO" 140'

30' 20" 10' O* 10" 2O' 30

For explana-tion see Key map.

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

JULY

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE.NOON, GMT 1903.

40* ISO* 160* 170' 180' 170' 160* ISO' 140'

I4O' ISO' ISO' i70' ISO' 170' ISO* ISO* 140

4O* 3tf 20' IP* O' 10" 20* 30* 40*

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

JULY

MEAN Al R TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1903.

50" I60- 170 ISO' 170 160 ISO" 140'

140" ISO* 160* 170 160 170 160 ISO 140*

30 20 10

10 20 30' 40

40' 30' 20 10 0 10 20

For expla.na.tion »ee Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

AUG UST

NORMAL PRESSURE.

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. I9O3.

140* ISO" 160' 170* 180' 170' 160* ISO' 140'

4O 3O

140' ISO' 160' 170* 180* 170* 160* ISO* 140'

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

AUGUST

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE.NOON, G.M.T. 1903.

4<J ISO I6O I7O IBO I7O 16O 140

140' ISO' 160' 170° I6O' 170° 160 ISO' 140'

nt o IO 20 iO

40° 30' 2O IO O IQ" 2O 3O 40

For explanation see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC COOPERATION

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

SEPTEMBER

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T 1903.

140-

30" 20' 10* O" 10* 2O' 30"

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

SEPTEMBER

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.MT. 1903.

I4O" ISO' 160" 170* 180* nO* 160' ISO* 140"

4O" 3C" 20" 10" 0" 10" 20* 3O' 4O*

I4O' ISO" ISO" 170" ISO" ,70' '60' ISO"

SO" 20 10" O" IO" 20

Huth. London

For explanation see Key

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

OCTOBER NORMAL PRESSURE. M EAN PRESSU RE, N DON, G.M.T. I 9 03 .

140' ISO' 160' 170' 180' .70' 160' ISO' HO

M

IO' 20" 30' 40"

O* 10' 20° 30' 40'

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

OCTOBER

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1903.

For explanat LOTI see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEM PER ATI) RE.

NOVEMBER

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. I9O3.

NORMAL PRESSURE

30 20 10 O 10 20 JO

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

NOVEMBER

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE. NOON, G.MT. 1903.

160' 170 180 |70- 160 ISO 140

•in Aon

For expla.na.tion see Key ui&p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

DECEMBER NORMAL PRESSURE. M EAN PRESSURE, N DON, G.M.T. I 9 0 3

30" 20' 10° 0" ID" 20* 30

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

DECEMBER

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1903 .

I4O* ISO" 160* 170* 180° 170' 160° ISO I4O*

I4O* ISO' ISO' 170' 180 170 160 ISO

For expla.na.tion see Key map

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

JAN U ARY NORMAL PRESSURE M EAN PRESSURE, N OON, G.M.T I 9 0 4 .

30' 20' 10' O* 10' 2O" 30'

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

JAN U ARY

M EAN AIR TEMPER ATURE,NOON,G.MT. 1904.

160 170 ISO I7O 160

40 30 20 10 O IO" 20' 30' 4O"

40' SO' 20

Hut-h "

For expla.nat.ioTi see Key

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE

FEBR U ARY

NORMAL PRESSURE

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1904.

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

FEBRUARY

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1904 .

140" ISO* ISO* 170" 180' 170' 160° 150°

3O" 20" 10" O"

I4O" 150° 160" 170" 160" 170° 160° ISO"

SO* 2O*

O" 10" 20" 30

For expl ana.tion see Key ma/p

INTERNATIONAL ANTARCTIC CO-OPERATION.

CHARTS OF MEAN SEA LEVEL PRESSURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE.

MARCH

NORMAL PRESSURE.

MEAN PRESSURE, NOON, GM.T 1904-

140 ISO 160 I7O 18O I7O I6O I5U 140

<SOm 160' 170" 180- 170" 180 ISO 140"

NORMAL AIR TEMPERATURE.

MARCH

MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE, NOON, G.M.T. 1904.

140 ISO ISO"

3O 20" 10* 0" 10" 20" 30' 40'

4O* 30" 20 10" O" 10" 20* 30 4O

For explanation see Key map