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Byer, Lf ee wvere iy wpe r dO sy array yevele® vo TASS Tod Le bilan _ ore LP tent rereeM erin ye wiyt¥y Ned et Th iad! |p py } ie Hy 1 at iA nei 1 i "aoe one thy yl Beye he At yh i : . a ary’ | ni ND an pny ae fe Ce wea sac r * bat ¢ At % | Wi Vy fetta LIBRARIES ‘ ) Morelet. i@aul badly damaged, but copulatory organs well preserved.) 4. 1 0'(I), type of Saussure’s C. consobrinus. (Dry specimen, mounted upon a piece of pith; badly damaged, and copulatory organs not visible.) The following remarks are to be made: 1. C. consobrinus Saussure! is undoubtedly identical with C. cubensis. Although in the present type-specimen the male organs are not visible, it agrees with C. cudenszs in all other respects. It has a very small lateral spine on the carapace. But such a spine is also present in two specimens (d' and &) in our first set, while the third (2) has only a trace of it. In the five specimens of the second set, which are all very young, two males (II) have a small granule in its place; the others are apparently smooth. Of the eight specimens of the third set, one (a male of the first form) shows a small tubercle, and two females have none. The rest is too poorly preserved. 2. The male copulatory organs (Fig. 3, a—-c) need some dis- cussion. The description given by v. Martens (Arch. f. Naturg., 38, 1872, p. 129) is quite correct, disregarding a lapsus calami or misprint, that renders a certain passage unintelligible. Ve Martens says (translated): They consist of two parts ‘‘ an outer one, which ends in a blunt point, and has the anterior margin near this point considerably swollen; and an inner one, which extends beyond the former posteriorly, and forms on the inner side a plane, ovate face, which ts adjacent to that of the ap- pendage of the ANTERIOR Side (‘ welche sich an die des Anhanges der VORDEREN Sevte anlegt’). At its end there are two lobes, one in close apposition to the end of the outer part, the second one shorter, projecting separately forward, and more rounded.” 1 Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), 9, 1857, p. 101, and Mem. Soc. Geneve, 14, 1858, 457, jor si ay ike MEXICAN, CENTRAL AMERICAN, AND CUBAN CAMBARI 13 The words emphasized by me cannot be understood as they stand. But if we conjecture that v. Martens wrote or intended to write, instead of vorderen (anterior), axderen (other), every- thing is clear: he meant to say, that the inner plane face of the inner part is adjacent to the identical face of the appendage of the other side. Thus the whole description is intelligible, and indeed, it is a correct characterization of the chief features of this organ. It is very interesting to note, that already v. Martens attributes to the inner part two lobes, and his second one is clearly the acces- sory spine, which is not horny in the male of the second form ; v. Martens, consequently, describes this organ of the male of the second form. | He has also correctly interpreted this organ. There is also in our specimens an outer part, which ends bluntly, and has the anterior margin slightly swollen just below the tip. The inner part is dilated and flattened on the inside, and forms, on the anterior margin, near the tip, a sharp shoulder. Its posterior margin extends considerably beyond the margin of the outer part, which is due to the extreme dilatation of the inner face. Its tip is pointed, and has, in the second form, a rounded, pro- jecting lobe anteriorly. In the male of the first form, the tip of the inner part is more slender and thin, almost setiform, but soft (not horny). The projecting lobe is replaced by a slightly procurved, horny spine, which is two-pointed, one point being blunt, the other acute and thin. Faxon’s figures (1885, pl. 8, f. 5, 5’, 5", 5”) are only partly correct. There is hardly any objection to Fig. 5“, which repre- sents the inner view of this organ of the left side of the male of the second form. It shows plainly the pointed tip of the inner part and the lobiform accessory process, as well as the thickened anterior margin of the tip of the outer part. Fig. 5” represents the same organ from the outside. The different parts are recog- nizable, but the outer part is not marked off at the tip, and the accessory lobe of the inner part is rendered incorrectly (as a recurved, blunt hook). Fig. 5’ is intended to represent the inner view of this organ of the left side in the male of the first 14 ORTMANN form; the inner part is drawn correctly, showing the setiform tip and the horny spine; this spine, however, is drawn triangu- larly-single-pointed, while it is really slightly procurved and two-pointed. The outer part is represented in this drawing by a blunt, conical process, while actually it resembles the con- dition seen in the male of the second form, being concealed by the inner part with the exception of the swollen anterior margin, which projects slightly. Fig. 5 (outer view of same organ) is Fic. 3. Cambarus cubensis Sauss. a, First pleopod (left side) of male (II), outer view; 4, the same, inner view; c, tip of same organ of male (I), inner view; d, annulus ventralis of female. All figures enlarged. quite unintelligible; the tip of the outer part is not correctly represented, while the horny process is much too thin and is recurved, instead of procurved. That the differences between Faxon’s figures and our speci- mens are due to incorrect rendering of the object by the draughts- man, is evident from the fact that it is impossible to reconcile the different views (inner and outer) of the same object. Correct figures of the organ in question are submitted here. Thus the copulatory organs of C. cubensis clearly belong to the type of the subgenus Procambarus; the outer part has no terminal horny teeth, but is soft and blunt; the inner part is flat- MEXICAN, CENTRAL AMERICAN, AND CUBAN CAMBARI 15 tened and dilated on the inside, with a shoulder on the anterior margin near the tip; the end of the inner part has a soft tip, and, in addition, in the male of the first form, a horny spine, which is replaced, in the second form, by a blunt tubercle. C. cubensis is closely allied to the species wz//iamsonz, pilo- simanus, and mexicanus, but differs in the following characters: (1) The dilatation of the inner face of the male copulatory organ is much more pronounced; the tip of the inner part is more pointed, almost setiform, in the male of the first form ; the horny spine is two-pointed. (2) The rostrum has marginal spines; these are also present in C. w#llcamsont and Pilost- manus, but are absent in C. mexicanus. (3) The carapace has a small lateral spine, which is sometimes absent; this spine is always missing in C. mexicanus, while the other two species have two distinct lateral spines on each side. 3. Faxon’s description of the annulus ventralis of the female (1. c., p. 52) is correct: ‘‘ composed of a large anterior bilobed tubercle, and a smaller posterior tubercle.” I only wish to add that the small posterior tubercle possesses the S-shaped longi- tudinal fissure commonly seen in Camébarus, and it seems to me that only this tubercle ought to be regarded as the annulus. I was able to observe the shape of the annulus only in the largest female of the first set; in all other females, which are small, it is very indistinct, a fact that has also been noticed by Faxon. For the rest, this species has been well described by Faxon, but in the figure of the anterior part of the animal (P/. 2, /. 7), the marginal spines of the rostrum have been omitted. These spines are small, but present in all specimens at hand. V. CAMBARUS (CAMBARUS) WIEGMANNI Erichson. Camb. wiegm. Faxon, Mem. Mus. Harvard, X, 1885, 38 (liter- ature). — Hay, Amer. Natural., XX XIII, 1899, 959 and 964. Camb. (Cambarus) wiegm. Ortmann, Proc. Amer. Philos. soc., XLIV, 1905; 102. Hagen’s female type specimen in the Philadelphia Academy agrees rather well with a male of the first form present in the same collection. This latter one is from the Cope collections and represents a new locality for the species: 16 ORTMANN Lake Xochimilco, south of City of Mexico (Federal District). —E. D. Cope coll., 1885. This male has enabled me to draw up the following descrzJ- tion: feostrum broad, moderately long, plane above; margins ele- vated, slightly convergent anteriorly, near the tip more strongly convergent, and forming a short, subtriangular acumen; no marginal spines nor marginal angles at base of acumen, and the elevated margins continued to the tip, which is bluntly pointed ; postorbital ridges divergent posteriorly, without spines anteriorly ; carapace ovate, slightly compressed, punctate, slightly granulated on the sides ; suborbital angle blunt, branchi- ostegal spine distinct, but blunt (tuberculiform); cervical groove sinuate ; no lateral spine; @veo/a longer than half of the anterior section of carapace, rather narrow in the middle, with two to three irregular rows of punctations. Abdomen as wide as, and slightly longer than, the carapace ; anterior segment of telson with three spines on each side; pos- terior segment semicircular. Fpistoma with anterior part almost semicircular, a little an- gular on the sides, and bluntly pointed at the middle; antennal scale broad, broadest anterior to the middle; flagel//uwm shorter than carapace (but damaged at end). Chelipeds with hand rather wide, not much swollen, com- pressed, with subparallel margins; surface squamoso-tubercu- late, tubercles on inner margin more crowded and stronger, forming an irregular row of serrations; fingers strong, about as long as the palm, with longitudinal ribs and punctations on outer face, and with squamiform tubercles at the bases ; cutting edges tuberculated, tubercles irregular, a larger one near the base of each finger, and another large one near the distal end of immov- able finger; carpopodite squamoso-tuberculate, inner side with several spiniform tubercles, upper surface with a slight longi- tudinal sulcus; meropodite smooth, with a few tubercles near distal end of upper margin, and two rows of tubercles on lower margins, the outer ones shorter. Lschiopodite of third and fourth pereiopods with hooks, those of the third pereiopod are very small, but distinct and tubercu- MEXICAN, CENTRAL AMERICAN, AND CUBAN CAMBARI 7 liform. Those of the fourth pereiopod very strongly devel- oped, swollen and inflated, tapering to a blunt point; cowopo- dite of third pereiopod with a semicircular, elevated, compressed tubercle, that of the fourth pereiopod with a strong, triangular spine, directed outward ; that of the fifth pereiopod with a small, spiniform tubercle below genital opening, directed downward. a b Fic. 4. Cambarus wiegmanni Erichson. First pleopod (right side) of male (I). @, outer view; 4, inner view. Enlarged about three times. First pleopods (Fig. 4) rather long and slender for the sub- genus Caméarus, reaching to the coxopodites of the second perei- opods, almost straight, very slightly curved; truncated at the tip, with three horny teeth, of which the outer one is compressed and truncated, crescentic in shape; the inner tooth is. broadly triangular, and the anterior is short and spiniform,' the inner part of this organ terminating in an almost straight spine, which is only slightly directed outward, and is slightly longer than the truncated outer part, and has a distinct horny tip. Measurements: ‘Total length 60 mm.; carapace 29, anterior part of carapace 18.5, posterior 10.5; width of areola 1.75; abdomen 31; length of hand 25.5, width of palm 9.5 (Erichson gives the following figures: total length 52 mm., length of hand 17 mm., width of hand 6.5 mm. Hagen gives 66 mm. as total length.) Comparing the present male with the description of the spe- 1This latter one seems to belong to the inner part; but I suspect strongly that such is the case also in other species of the subgenus. The homologies of the sexual organs of Caméarus are altogether not well understood, and urgently need a more close study. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., May, 1906. 18 ORTMANN cies given by Erichson, and the discription of the female given by Hagen, there is hardly any difference. Hagen describes and figures the epistoma as triangular and rather acute, which is not the case in our individual, and further, Hagen gives only two lateral spines for the anterior section of the telson. These differences are of no consequence, variations in these charac- ters being frequent in other species. I have compared the female in Philadelphia, which served as the base of Hagen’s description, and which, since the Berlin types of Erichson have disappeared, must be regarded as the type of the species, and I find it to agree in all essential characters with our male, chiefly so in the shape of body and rostrum. Thus I think, the present male ought to be referred to this species. As is evident from the characters of the male of the first form described above, C. wzegmanni belongs to the subgenus Cam- barus, to the section of C. dlandingz, and the group of C. alleni,' and it has been assigned its correct position already by Hagen and Faxon (allied to C. darbatus). The sexual organs are peculiar on account of the crescentic, compressed and trun- cated outer horny tooth, and do not closely agree with any of the known species of the subgenus; but just this feature agrees with the @//enz-group in so far as this group is characterized by peculiar and aberrant conformations of the tips of the sex- ual organs.” In shape of carapace, areola and rostrum, this species agrees closely with C. evermannz, barbatus and allent, and the rostrum represents a rather advanced stage of develop- ment, being broadly lanceolate, without any traces of marginal spines or even marginal angles in their place. It resembles to a certain degree, the rostrum of C. clypeatus Hay* from Bay St. Louis, Hancock Co., Miss., but in the latter form the rostrum is still broader, and almost rounded off at the apex. I should 1 See Ortmann, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1905, 98 and 100; Ann. Car. Mus., 1905, 437 and 438. * The sexual organs agree most nearly with those of C. 4zzez Ortm. from Lou- jSiana, with the exception that in the latter species the crescentic and truncated tooth is absent, and that the distal part of the organ is distinctly curved backward. See Ortmann in The Ohio Naturalist, VI, 1905, p- 402, fig. 1. Also the rostrum of C. kine? is transitional toward C. wWwlegmannt. *Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXII, 1899, 122, fig. 2, no. 1. B+ “5 MEXICAN, CENTRAL AMERICAN, AND CUBAN CAMBARI 19 not be surprised, if this latter species, of which the male is un- known, should finally prove to belong to this group, and not to the second group of Faxon (affinity of C. cudenszs) as Hay is in- clined to believe. The hooks of the ischiopodites of the pereiopods are very pecu- liar, and unlike anything else that is known inthe genus. And further, the development of the spines and processes of the cox- opodites of the three last pairs of pereiopods is very unique ; such processes are indeed found in other species in the shape of tubercles or ridges on the fourth or fifth pereiopods, but they never assume such proportions as in this species, and the out- wardly directed spine of the coxopodite of the fourth pereiopod in C. weegmannzi is without parallel. Thus it seems that C. wzegmannz is to be regarded as a very peculiar, and, in certain features, extremely developed form of the subgenus Cambarus, which belongs to a rather advanced and modern group of it (a//enz-group, see l. c., p. 105) which is characteristic for those parts of the coastal plain of the south- ern United States, that are most recent geologically. Its pres- ence in Mexico is rather interesting, and the specialized char- acter points to a recent immigration into these parts. But we are to bear in mind that the a//enz-group in general is compara- tively poorly known and needs further study. VI. Subgenus CAMBARELLUS. For the species of this subgenus I am only able to add a few new locality records: Cambarus (Cambarellus) montezume Saussure (Faxon, 1885, £21); (1898,\660). Neighborhood of City of Mexico: Laguna de Santa Isabel. —G. Seurat coll., 1897 (Mus. Paris, 1 o'(1), 1 ). Mexico. — Mus. Paris, numerous specimens, collected by various persons, but without more explicit localities. Lake Xochimilco, south of City of Mexico (Federal Dis- trict). E. D. Cope coll., 1885 (Philadelphia Academy, 1 &). Most of the specimens seen by the writer belong to the form tridens v. Mart. With Faxon, I do not believe that this is worth a varietal name. According to my observations, young 20 ORTMANN examples generally are ¢rzdens, while the typical form is found only among old individuals, and is comparatively rare. Cambarus (Cambarellus) montezume dugest Faxon (1898, GOOn pl. O0,f0 7). Guadalajara, State of Jalisco, Mexico. — Diguet coll. (Mus. Paris; many specimens). Same locality. — Dugés coll. (Mus. Paris, 4). State of Guanajuato, Mexico. — Diguet coll. (Mus. Paris, 43,4). The latter locality is the type-locality recorded by Faxon. The specimens from Guadalajara have been mentioned by Bouvier as C. montezume tridens (Bull. Mus. Paris, 1897, 224), but they clearly belong to this variety. Cambarus (Cambarellus) montezume occidentalis Faxon, (189850608, Zl. 00,7. Bs 7): Hot Springs, Huingo, State of Michoacan, Mexico. —S.N. Rhoades coll., 1899 (Philadelphia Academy ; many specimens).' VII. SYNOPSIS OF THE CRAWFISH-FAUNA OF MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES. Our knowledge of the chorology of the genus Camdédarus, south of the United States, is rather poor. Crawfish are now known from Mexico, Guatemala, British Honduras, and Cuba, but not only is the morphology of these forms not well under- stood, but also we have only a few and often doubtful or unre- liable locality-records. In order to call attention to this lack in our knowledge, I want to condense here the known facts, and point out the questionable records. Four subgenera are represented in this southern section of the range of the genus: Paracambarus, Procambarus, Cam- barus, Cambarellus. 'The first two are not found in the United States, while the other two are. Caméarus is largely distrib- uted in the United States, and has its main range there, only one species having invaded Mexico. Cambarellus has its main abode in Mexico, and only one species is known from a single locality in Louisiana (New Orleans). 1 Huingo is near Lake Cuitzeo, and site of large salt works by evaporation from natural springs flowing into the lake. Crawfish were numerous in these springs and streams (communication from Mr. S. N. Rhoades to the writer). MEXICAN, CENTRAL AMERICAN, AND CUBAN CAMBARI 21 The following is a list of the known species and their dis- tribution : 1. Cambarus (Paracambarus) paradoxus Ortmann. Tetela, Sierra de Zacapoaxtla, State of Puebla, Mexico. 2. Cambarus (Procambarus) digueti Bouvier. Tributaries of Rio Santiago, State of Jalisco, Mexico(Bouvier). Guadalajara, State of Jalisco (Faxon). Ameca, State of Jalisco (Faxon). Hacienda de Villachuato, State of Michoacan (Faxon). The location of this hacienda is unknown. This species consequently belongs to the Pacific drainage in western Mexico. 3. Cambarus (Procambarus) williamsont Ortmann. Los Amates, Province of Izabal, Guatemala (Atlantic drain- age). 4. Cambarus (Procambarus) pilosimanus Ortmann. Coche, on river Coban, Guatemala (probably Coban, Prov- ince of Alta Vera Paz, see above p. 9g, footnote). Belize, British Honduras. (Both localities in Atlantic drain- age.) 5. Cambarus (Procambarus) mexicanus Erichson. Mexico (Erichson, Ortmann). Probably the City of Mexico is meant, since the presence of this species in its neighborhood is confirmed by other records from the Federal District. Santa Maria, Mexico (Faxon). There are half a dozen places of this name in various parts of Mexico. One is close to the City of Mexico, and thus we may assume that this is intended. Tomatlan, Mexico, ‘‘terres chaudes” (Saussure). Again there are several places of this name in Mexico: one is south of the City of Mexico, in the Federal District, another in the State of Jalisco, not far from the Pacific Ocean; a third one about 10 miles south of Huatusco, in the State of Vera Cruz. Saussure’s specification: ‘‘ terres chaudes” renders it safe to assume that this latter locality in the State of Vera Cruz was intended. Puebla, State of Puebla (v. Martens). Mirador, Mexico (Faxon). This is an observation station in the’ State of ‘Vera Cruz, 19° 15’'N., 96° 40’ W., alt.) 3,600 feet. I was not able to find it on any of the maps at my disposal. 22 ORTMANN Texolo, State of Vera Cruz (see above p. 11). Thus this species is known from the states of Mexico (Federal District), Puebla, and Vera Cruz, that is to say, from the central plateau and from the Atlantic slope. 6. Cambarus (Procambarus) cubensts Erichson. Cuba. Saussure gives the interior of this island, and Faxon creeks in a little town opposite Havana. 4. Cambarus (Cambarus) wregmanni Erichson. Mexico (Erichson, Hagen), probably the City of Mexico. Lake Xochimilco, Federal District (see above, p. 16). Jalapa, Mexico (Faxon). This is very likely Jalapa in the State of Vera Cruz, although there are other places of this name in Mexico. These localities are on the central plateau and the Atlantic slope. ‘This species has been recorded with some doubt from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Faxon), but we would better drop this for the present. 8. Cambarus (Cambarellus) chapalanus Fax. Lake Chapala, State of Jalisco, Mexico (Pacific drainage). 9. Cambarus (Cambarellus) montezume Sauss. a. Typical form (including var. trzdens v. Mart.). Chapultepec, Federal District, Mexico (Saussure). West of City of Mexico. Lake Texcoco, Federal District (Faxon). East of City of Mexico. Lake Xochimilco, Federal District (see above, p. 19). South of City of Mexico. Laguna de Santa Isabel, near City of Mexico (see above, p. 19). I have not been able to locate this, but the statement that it is near the City of Mexico associates this with the first three records given. Puebla, State of Puebla, Mexico (v. Martens). Lake San Roque, Trapuato, Mexico (Faxon). I have not been able to find this locality designated on any of the maps, or in any gazetteer consulted by me. Vera Cruz, Mexico (Ortmann) (Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 6, 1891, p- 12). This locality should be considered as doubtful till con- firmed. The specimens upon which this record was founded, MEXICAN, CENTRAL AMERICAN, AND CUBAN CAMBARI 23 were secured from a dealer, and it was not stated whether the city or the state of Vera Cruz was meant. Moreover, it is well known how utterly untrustworthy dealers’ localities are. The presence of this species in its typical form is thus posi- tively known only on the central plateau, near the cities of Mexico and Puebla. 6. Cambarus (Cambarellus) montezume dugest Faxon. State Guanajuato, Mexico (Faxon, Mus. Paris). Guadalajara, State of Jalisco (Bouvier, Mus. Paris, see above, p:/20). Pacific drainage. c. Cambarus (Cambarellus) montezume areolatus Faxon. Parras, State of Coahuila, Mexico (Faxon). Northern part of central plateau. d. Cambarus (Cambarellus) montezume occidentalis Faxon. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico (Faxon). Huingo, State of Michoacan, Mexico (see above, p. 20). Pacific drainage. It is hard at present to draw any conclusions from these meagre records. Only a few remarks may be made, but it is very likely that they will be subject to revision when more in- formation comes to hand. The subgenus Procambarus possesses its most primitive form (C. diguetz) in the western extremity of its range (mountainous region toward the Pacific slope). The most extreme species (C. cubens7s) is found at the eastern extremity of the range, in Cuba. Intermediate forms are found on the central plateau and the eastern hot country of Mexico (C. mexzcanus), in Guate- mala, and British Honduras (C. willcamsonz and pilosimanus), thus indicating the direction of the dispersal (see Ortmann, Ann. Carn. Mus., 3, 1905, p. 441). Thus Procambarus not only points out the original home of the genus in a general way (Mexico), but indicates especially the western portions of this country. However, further research is very desirable. Cambarus wiegmanni is the only representative of the sub- genus Cambarus in Mexico; the bulk of this subgenus being found in the United States, chiefly in the southern parts (see 24 ORTMANN Ortmann, P. Amer. Philos. Soc., 44, 1905, p. 103 f.). Moreover, it belongs to a rather advanced and modern group of this sub- genus (a//enz-group), which is characteristic for the late Terti- ary and Post-tertiary plains of the South Atlantic and Gulf bor- der in the United States. Thus it is very probable, that this species immigrated into Mexico from the United States, repre- senting a direction of dispersal opposite to that generally ob- served in the genus, for which, however, at least one other in- stance is known (C. clark, 1. c., p. 126). The known habitat of C. wzegmanni appears rather isolated, and it is much to be de- sired that northern Mexico and southern Texas should be in- vestigated with a view to settle this question. The most primitive species of the subgenus Camdarellus (C shufeldtz) is found in Louisiana. C. chapalanus appears slightly more primitive compared with C. montezume and its varieties, and is found in western Mexico. Of the montezume forms, areolatus is the most primitive and the most northern, nearest to the United States, while occ¢dentalis is the most advanced (shape of rostrum), and is western in Mexico. Thus the evidence is partly contradictory. Leaving out chapalanus, the general trend of the evidence is to show that the subgenus originated in the southern United States and immigrated into Mexico, first into the central plateau, then into the Pacific slope. This would, consequently, offer a third case of reversed migration in this region, and my map (1905, pl. 3) should be changed accordingly (the brown color). This would also not conflict with the morphological characters of Cambaredlus, the shape of the sexual organs inclining more toward the subgenus Faxonius of the United States, than toward the Mexican sub- genera. But I must confess, that the evidence for this assump- tion appears at present too scanty, so that we can hardly call it more than a mere theory. It is chiefly with a view to instigate further research on these questions that I have ventured to ex- press at all an opinion on this topic. eet ees £0 ¥ouH i a, it y Ne 1 a ’ cage Bareeg eG < a) p : hd san ApAn* am, S&ass iy NY 4 aAr 4 ae: a Lag Aa ah a me ae ~ Tibigaarlt baneee a. 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