MICROLEPIDOPTERA and their PARASITES reared from FIELD COLLECTIONS in the NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES Miscellaneous Publication No. 767 Forest Service Washinston, D. C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MICROLEPIDOPTERA and their PARASITES reared from FIELD COLLECTIONS in the NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES By J, V. Schaffner, Jr. Forest Insect and Disease Laboratory, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service Miscellaneous Publication No, 767 Forest Service January 1959 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 35 cents Schaffner, John Valentine, 1888- Microlepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the Northeastern United States. [Washing- ton, U. S. Govt. Print. Off.] 1959. iv, 97 p. tables. 24 cm. (U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Miscel- laneous publication no. 767) 1. Lepidoptera — Northeastern States. 2. Lepidoptera — Parasites. I. Title. (Series) S21.A26 no. 767 595.780974 Agr59-4 U. S. Dept. of Agr. Libr. lAg84M no. 767 for Library of Congress t Acknowledgments Grateful acknowledgment is made to the many individuals who have contributed to these studies. So many have cooperated over the years in collecting, rearing, and identifying the various species that complete acknowledgment of all contributors is impossible. However, particular credit should be given to the following: the late A. F. Burgess, who organized and encouraged this project; the late C. W. Collins, who was in charge of the former Bureau of Ento- mology and Plant Quarantine laboratory at Melrose Highlands, Mass., and under whose general direction much of the work was performed; R. C. Brown, now chief of the Division of Forest Insect Research, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, for his interest and en- couragement in the preparation of this publication; Charles L. Gris- wold, for his keen interest and assistance in the collecting and rearing work for several years at Melrose Highlands, and especially for prepa- ration of many fine specimens for the museum collection; M. T. Smulyan, who assisted at Melrose Highlands for 1 year and con- ducted the rearing work in New Jersey for 2 years; the late R. T. Webber, who did some of the early rearing work and who was re- sponsible for identification of most of the Diptera; P. B. Dowden for identification of much of the hymenopterous parasitic material; and W. F. Sellers for determination of som.e of the dipterous parasites. Special acknowledgment is made to C. F. W. Muesebeck, former chief (retired) of the Division of Insect Identification, Agricultural Research Service; and to members of his staff for determination or verification of most species reared. The staff described and named most new species of parasitic Hymenoptera reared in the course of these studies. Mi Contents Page Introduction 1 Field data requested from the col- lectors 2 Methods of handling field collec- tions 2 Parasitism and hyperparasitism — 3 The insect lists 4 Host-parasite list 4 Lepidoptera 4 Family Limacodidae 4 Family Megalopygidae 7 Family Zygaenidae 8 Family Pyraustidae 8 Family Pyralididae 12 Family Epipaschiidae 12 Family Phycitidae 14 Family Pterophoridae 18 Family Olethreutidae 20 Family Tortricidae 27 Family Phaloniidae 34 Family Cossidae 34 Family Cosmopterygidae 34 Family Gelechiidae 34 Family Oecophoridae 39 Family Stenomidae 40 Family Glyphipterygidae 40 Family Aegeriidae 41 Family Heliodinidae 41 Family Plutellidae 42 Family Yponomeutidae 42 Page Host-parasite list — Continued Lepidoptera — Con tin ued Family Coleophoridae 42 Family Gracillariidae 44 Family Lyonetiidae 45 Family Psychidae 46 Family Tineidae 47 Family Incurvariidae 47 Parasite-host list 47 Diptera 47 Family Muscidae 47 Family Bombyhidae 47 Family Larvaevoridae (Tra- chinidae) 48 Nematodes — 55 Hymenoptera 55 Family Braconidae.. 55 Family Ichneumonidae 66 Family Trichogrammatidae... 81 Family Eulophidae 81 Family Elasmidae 86 Family Encyrtidae. 86 Family Eupelmidae 87 Family Perilampidae 87 Family Tory midae _. __ 88 Family Pteromalidae 88 Family Eurytomidae 90 Family Chalcididae 91 Family Ceraphronidae 92 Family Bethylidae 92 Index 93 IV Microlepidoptera and Their Para- sites Reared From Field Collections in the Northeastern United States by J. V. ScHAFFNER, Jr./ Forest Insect and Disease Laboratory, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service, New Haven, Conn. Introduction Insect pests cause greater losses to our timber resource every year than fire, traditionally the most dreaded enemy of our forests. Several methods have been used to reduce this insect damage. One method kills the insects with chemical sprays. Another uses silvicultural practices to keep forest stands healthy and thus reduces their sus- ceptibility to insect attack. A third utilizes predators and parasites that attack the insects; this last method is called biological control. This publication reports one phase of studies designed to acquire new knowledge on the distribution, food plants, life histories, and parasites of lepidopterous insects in Northeastern United States. This kind of knowledge is basic for all methods of controlling forest insect pests. The information contained in this report will be of particular value to entomologists and students interested in biological control. These studies were begun in 1915 by the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine at its laboratory at Melrose Highlands, Mass., to determine the native hosts of introduced parasites of the gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar L.) and the brown-tail moth {Nygmia phaeor- rhoea Donov.), and to determine the possible effect of these parasites on the native hosts and their natural enemies. Data on the macro- lepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections were published in U. S. Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publica- tion 188 in July 1934. The data on the microlepidoptera and their parasites as given in this report were accumulated, for the most part, during the same period. A great quantity of field-collected material was sent to the labo- ratory by members of the field staft" engaged in moth control work and enforcement of quarantine regulations dming the period 1915-35. 1 The late Mr. Schaffner retired in June 1953. During the period this study was in progress, he was entomologist at the Melrose Highlands (Mass.) Laboratory and the New Haven Station of the Division of Forest Insect Investigations, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. The work of this division was transferred to the^Forest Service when the Department of Agriculture was re- organized in 1954. Many Federal, State, and municipal officials also cooperated by sending in miscellaneous collections. Since 1935, when the labon^tory was moved to New Haven, Conn., the number of field collections of native larvae has been greatly reduced. The bulk of the material handled in these studies consisted of larvae and a few pupae of macrolepidoptera, microlepidoptera, Tenthredinoidea, and a few Coleoptera. Numerous hosts and their parasites were reared, and considerable knowledge was acquired about their life histories, habits, and abundance. In the early years of these studies numerous parasites were reared that were difficult to determine specifically until revisions had been made on many of the groups. Many parasitic species, new to science, were reared from the field collections; and as a result most of those reared from the macrolepidoptera and many from the microlepidoptera have been described and named by taxonomists. From the micro- lepidoptera, however, a considerable number of the parasites reared, and determined as new, have not been described and given species names because the series of adults obtained were too few in number, or the adults were all of one sex. In other series, because of the need for revision, certain groups cannot be determined beyond the genus. Considerable time has elapsed since much of the field work for this study was done. This time lapse has permitted taxonomists to become more familiar with the particular insect groups, thus facilitat- ing determination of many of the species. Field Data Requested From the Collectors Insect collections were mailed to the laboratory in mailing tubes and each collection was accompanied by a note slip. Each collector was requested to furnish the following information: (1) Date of collection; (2) name of collector; (3) town and State where collection was made; (4) host plant; (5) estimate of insect's abundance; (6) degree of defoliation, if any; (7) approximate area of infestation; and (8) additional information of interest. Methods of Handling Field Collections Inasmuch as most of the insects received were still in the larval or pupal stage, it was necessary to place them in rearing to permit issuance of adults or parasites. Because of the differences in habits of the various species received, and because of the lack of knowledge concerning the hibernation requirements of many of them, it was also necessary to use several types of cages. Undoubtedly some species failed to reach maturity because of faulty handling or improper hibernation facilities. On arrival at the laboratory each collection was examined. The specimens were counted whenever possible and placed in rearing cages. Usually no attempt was made to count such insects as leaf miners and bud and twig borers in the larval stage. Sometimes an estimate was made of the number in a collection; at other times adults, parasites, and dead larvae were counted when the experiment was closed. Attempts were always made to identify the insect in the larval stage when such specimens were received. This was especially so when a 2 solitary larva or a collection containing only a few individuals was received, since parasitization or disease might prevent determination if identification was delayed for the emergence of adults. Further- more, when a species was received for the first time one or more repre- sentative larvae were hiflated or placed in preserving solution for future reference. These larvae were invaluable as aids in identifying species that appeared in abundance only at long intervals, as well as solitary larvae that were seldom found. The type of cage used depended upon the number of larvae and whether they required soil for pupation. I.arvae that did not require soil were placed in wooden trays with cloth bottoms and glass tops, pasteboard boxes, small tin cans, or glass jars. Those that required soil were placed in glass-covered metal trays with at least a part of the bottom covered with fine mesh wire, or in various types of glass jars and tin cans into which had been placed layers of sifted soil or peat moss. Each collection of larvae was supplied with its proper food and cared for throughout the larval instars. From this time until all possibility of adult emergence had passed, they -were examined regu- larly for issuance of adult parasites. Then containers with hiber- nating material were stored during the late fall and winter, in a cool place where temperature fluctuations were slight. During the spring (and, for a few species, throughout the summer) this material was examined regularly for issuance of adults and parasites. Certain hymenopterous cocoons and larvaevorid puparia that nor- mally pass the winter in the ground were successfully carried through hibernation in glass cyUnders with bottoms of plaster of paris, and with clean sawdust as a substitute for soil. Glass vials with cotton plugs were satisfactory as issuance containers for many species of parasitic Hymenoptera, such as species of Apanteles, Bracon, Meteorus, and others. The adults of the Larvaevoridae and the larger Hy- menoptera were killed and pinned while fresh and given temporary labels bearing the rearing number and date of issuance. The smaller Hymenoptera, after being killed, were placed in small glass vials with suitable labels, and were relaxed and pinned or placed on card points during the following winter. Parasitism and Hyperparasitism Host insects, with very few exceptions, were collected while in the immature or larval stages. Therefore, they had not been exposed to the extremes of parasitization such as might have occurred had they been left in their natural habitats. Parasites that emerge from larvae in the early instars were likewise often missed because the bulk of the collections were made when the larvae were from haJf to nearly full grown. For ttie same reason, parasites that attack their hosts during the last larval instar or in the pupal stage also probably were missed. Parasite cocoons and puparia formed after the arrival of their hosts at the laboratory usually were not exposed to secondary parasites that normally attack them in this stage under natural conditions. Such species of hyperparasites as were reared from them, therefore, must have attacked the primary parasite while within its host prior to the time of collection. For the above reasons the parasite lists given here are not to be considered complete for any of the hosts. The Insect Lists This report includes the names of host plants (common names wherever possible) ; localities where collections were made (except for common species where the States only are listed); data on life histories (monthly occurrence of larvae, pupae, and adults) ; and a list of para- sites reared. The parasite list contains ttie names of the insect hosts from which each species of parasite was reared, the locahties and/or States where the hosts were collected, and the months in which the adult parasites issued. General information is also given on the usual number of parasites per host and, for many species, the number of generations per year, and the method of hibernation. Two publications were used as guides to the systematic arrangement for families, genera, and species of Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera: 1. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States. Part II. Microlepidoptera. J. McDunnough. Memoirs of the South- ern California Academy of Sciences, v. 2, No. 1. 1939. 2. Hymenoptera oj America vorth of Mexico. Synoptic Catalog. C. F. W. Muesebeck, Karl V. Krombein, and Henry K. Townes, and others. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Monograph No. 2. 1951. C. W. Sabrosky of the Insect Identification and Parasite Introduc- tion Laboratory, Entomology Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, prepared the systematic arrangement of the genera and species of Diptera mentioned in this publication. The following symbols have been used in this publication: (1) the asterisk (*) to indicate the number of parasitized hosts, not the num- ber of parasites (the latter being gregarious usually were not counted); (2) the section mark (§) to indicate hyperparasites; (3) the single dagger (t) to indicate that not all the larvae were counted — totals were sometimes estimated; and (4) the double dagger (J) to indicate the species so marked as the hibernating host. Host-Parasite List Lepidoptera FAMILY LIMACODIDAE Sibine stimulea (Clem.) saddleback caterpillar Food plants: Basswood, blackberry, wild cherry, corn, dahlia, ginkgo, maple, oaks, perennial pea, spicebush, weeds. Occurrence: Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Totals received: Collections, 16; larvae, 48; years, 11. I Larvae: August to October. Pupae: Spring (hibernates as prepupal larva in cocoon). I" Adults: June and July. 1 Parasites : Collections Host Uiptera: Parasite Years yielding larvae Larvaevoridae specimens recovered parasite collected (Unidentified puparia) 4 119 Phorocera longiuscv la (Wlk.) 1116 Hymenoptera: Apanteles sp 1116 4 Parasa indetermina (Bdv.) Food plant: Bayberry. Occurrence: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Jersey. Totals received: Collections, 5; larvae, 105; years, 5. Larvae: July to September. Pupae : Cocoons spun in September. Adults: Late June and July. Parasites: None. Parasa sp. Food plant : Wild cherry. Occurrence: Roycefield, N. J., and Raubsville, Pa. Totals received: Collections, 2; larvae, 4; years, 2. Larvae: August. Pupae and adults: Not reared. Parasites : Parasite specimens Years recovered Collections yielding ■parasite Host larvae coUecUd 3 2 2 4 Hymenoptera: Apanleles schaffneri Mues Euclea delphinii (Bdv.) Food plants: Apple, alder, scrub oak. Occurrence: Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey. Totals received: Collections, 4; larvae, 7; years, 4. Larvae: August and September. Pupae: Probably in spring, though cocoons are spun in the fall. Adults: June and July. Parasites : Collections Host JJiptera: Parasite Years yielding larvae Larvaevoridae specimens recovered parasite collected (Unidentified maggots) 2 112 Sisyrosea textula (H.-S.) Food plants: Norway maple, oaks. Occurrence: Massachusetts and Connecticut. Totals received: Collections, 8; larvae, 18; years, 6. Larvae: August to early October. Pupae: Spring (hibernates as a prepupal larva in cocoon). Adults : June and July. Parasites : Diptera: Anaporia Hmacodis (Towns.) Anaporia sp Collections Host ParasiU Years yielding larvae specimens recovered parasite collecUd 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 2 Cnidocampa flavescens (Wlk.) oriental moth Food plants: Norway and sycamore maple, apple, buckthorn, cherry, pear, and various other deciduous plants. Occurrence; Introduced from Japan, probably on nursery stock about 1900. Infestations are confined to metropolitan district of Boston, Mass. The most serious infestations are largely found in backyards and vacant lots in residential sections. Each year some fruit and shade trees are defoliated. Totals received: Collections, 102; larvae and cocoons, 12,934; years, 15. Larvae : Late July to October. Pupae: May and June (hibernates as prepupal larva in tough cocoon attached to twigs or branches of its host plant). Adults: Late June to early August. Parasites : Host , Collections larvae Parasite Years yielding or cocoons Diptera: specimens recovered parasites collided Chaclexorista javana B. & B.^ 14 3 7 1,323 Co7npsilura concinnala (Meig.) 3 3 3 293 Hymenoptera: Psycophagiis omnivorus (Wlk.) 4 11 227 ' This parasite was imported from Japan in 1929 and 1930. Approximately 85,000 adults were liberated at 16 points in Boston and vicinity. The first re- coveries were made in 1930. See U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 277, June 1933. Phobetron pitheciutn (A. & S.) hag moth Food plants: Apple, aspen, ash, wild cherry, chokecherry, hickory, maple, oaks, shadbush, walnut. Occurrence: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey. Totals received: Collections, 22; larvae, 38; years, 13. Larvae: July to October. Pupae: Spring (hibernates as prepupal larva in cocoon). Adults : June to July. Parasites . Collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Diptera: specimens recovered parasite collected Anaporia pristis {Wlk.) 1111 Larvaevoridae (unidentified puparium) 1117 Phorocera longiuscula (Wlk.) 1112 Hymenoptera: Spilochalcis nortonii (Cress.) 2 112 Prolimacodes badia (Hbn.) Food plants. Wild cherry, chokecherry, oak, tupelo, walnut, mnter- berry. Occurrence : Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey. Totals received: Collections, 7; larvae, 12; years, 6. Larvae: August and September. Pupae: Spring (hibernates as prepupal larva in cocoon). Adults: Late June and July. Parasites : Collections Host Uiptera: Parasite Years yielding larvae Larvaevoridae specimens recovered parasite collected (unidentified puparium) _ 1111 Lithacodes fasciola (H.-S.) Food plants: Bayberry, high blueberry, wild cherry, black currant, hickory, oaks. Occurrence: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. Totals received: Collections, 11; larvae, 46; years, 6. Larvae: August and September. Pupae: Cocoon from fall to June (probably hibernates as prepupal larva). Adults : Late June and July. CoUrrtions yielding parasite Host larvae collected ] 10 1 10 CollectioTis yidding parasite Host larvae collected 1 2 Parasites : Parasite Years Diptera: specimens recovered Systropus macer Loew 1 1 Anaporia limacodis (Towns.) 1 1 Hymenoptera: Apanteles empretiae Vier 17 2 Packardia geminata (Pack.) Food plant: Wild cherry. Occurrence: One larva from Wakefield, Mass. Larva: August-September. Pupa: Cocoon formed in September. Adults: June. Parasites: None. Tortricidia flexuosa (Grt.) Food plants: Gray birch, wild cherry, oak. Occurrence: Massachusetts and Connecticut. Totals received: Collections, 3; larvae, 5; j^ears, 2. Larvae : August-September. Pupae: Cocoons formed in September. Adults: July. Parasites : Parasite Years Diptera : specimens recovered Anaporia limacodis (Towns.) 1 1 Tortricidia flexuosa form caesonia (Grt.) Food plant: Oak. Occurrence: One larva from Saugus, Mass. Larva: August-September. Pupa: Cocoon spun first of October. Adult: July. Parasites: None. FAMILY MEGALOPYGIDAE Lagoa crispata Pack. Food plants: Apple, aspen, bayberry, blueberry, wild cherry, huckleberry, red maple, oak, shadbush, willow. Occurrence: ^Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Totals received: Collections, 23; larvae, 343; years, 13. Larvae: July to September. Pupae: May and June (hibernates as a prepupal larva in cocoon). Adults: June and July. Parasites : Parasite Diptera: specimens Anaporia pristis (Wlk.) 34 Compsilura concinnata (IMeig.) 3 Larvaevoridae (unidentified puparia) 43 Phorocera claripennis Macq 3 Hymenoptera: Brachymeria sp 1 1 1 26 Years recovered CoU'ctions yielding parante Host larvae collecUd 2 1 5 2 3 2 6 2 87 47 174 91 FAMILY ZYGAENIDAE Harrisina americana (Guer.) grape leaf skeletonizer Food plants: Grape, ivy. Occurrence: Connecticut and New Jersey. Totals received: Collections, 4; larvae, 406; years, 2. Larvae: Late June to August. Pupae: August or September to June. Adults: June and July. Parasites : Hymenoptera: Apanteles harrisinae Mues Collections Host ParasiU Years yielding larvae specimens recovered parasite collected 6 1 1 199 FAMILY PYRAUSTIDAE Desmia funeralis (Hbn.) grape leaf folder Collections yielding parasite 1 Host larvae collected Collections yielding parasite Host larvae collected 1 11 Food plant: Grape. Occurrence: Massachusetts and Connecticut. Totals received: Collections, 2; larvae, 7; years, 1. Larvae: July and August. Pupae: September to June. Adults : June and July. Parasites : Parasite Years Hymenoptera: specimens recovered Triclistus fulvipes (Cress.) 1 1 Pantographa limata G. & R. basswood leaf roller Food plant: Basswood. Occurrence: Massachusetts and Vermont. Totals received: Collections, 2; larvae, 15; years, 2. Larvae: July to September. Pupae: September to July. Adults : June and July. Parasites : Parasite Years Diptera: specimens recovered Phorocera ereda Coq 3 1 Evergestis straminalis (Hbn.) Food plants: Chinese cabbage, horseradish, radish, turnip. Occurrence: Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. Totals received: Collections, 24; larvae, 302; years, 12. Larvae: June to October. Pupae: November to June, and August. Adults: June to July, and late August and early September. Generations: Apparently two in Alassachusetts and Rhode Island and one in northern Maine. Parasites : Parasite Diptera: specimens Compsilura concinnnta (Meig.) 1 Phryxe vulgaris (Fall.) 1 Hymfinoptera: Cremnops montrealensis (Morr.) 7 Hemitelini 1 Horogenes insularis (Cress.) 1 Triclistus fulvipes (Cress.) _ 1 8 Collections Host Years VvUimg larvae recovered parasite collected 1 1 11 1 1 20 4 4 27 1 1 21 1 1 21 1 1 9 Loxostege dasconalis (Wlk.) Food plant: False indigo. Occurrence: Eastern Alassachiisetts. Totals received: Collections, 3; larvae, 14; years, 2. Larvae: July and August. Pupae : August to early July. Adults: July. Parasites: None. Loxostege obliteralis (Wlk.) Food plant: ]\iOrning glory. Occurrence: Vermont. Totals received: Collections, 1; larvae, 14; years, 1. Larvae: July and August. Pupae: Late August to June. Adults: June. Parasites: None. Loxostege helvialis (Wlk.) Food plant: Goldenrod. Occurrence: Eastern Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 5; larvae, 118; years, 1. Larvae: July to September. Pupae: Spring to June (hibernates as full-grown larva). Adults : June and July. Parasites: None. Tholeria reversalis (Guen.) Food plants: False indigo. Occurrence: Long Island, N. Y. Totals received: Collections, 2; larvae, 61; years, 1. Larvae: June and July. Pupae: Late July and early August. Adults: July and August. Parasites: None. Udea rubigalis (Guen.) celery and greenhouse leaf tier Food plants: Ageratum, celery, chrysanthemum, delphinium, ge- ranium, heliotrope, marguerite. Occurrence: ]Maine and Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 7; larvae, 41; years, 7. Larvae: January, February, March, May, and November. Pupae: Apparently all months in greenhouses. Adults: February, March, April, June, and November. Generations: Apparently several in greenhouses. __^ Parasites : collections "" Host r Parasite Years yielding larvae Hymenoptera: specimens recovered parasite collected Apanieles sp. (cocoons) 4 119 Phlyctaenia sp. Food plants: Poplar, willow. Occurrence: Tvlaine, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania. Totals received: Collections, 12; larvae, 29; years, 5. Larvae: July to October. Pupae: August and spring (hibernates as prepupal larvae in co- coons) . Adults: June and August. Generations: Apparentl}' two generations in \Iassachusetts and one in Maine. Parasites : collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Hymenoptera : specimens recovered paranite collected A-panteles n. sp '8 3 3 12 Campoplcx validus (Cress.) 1111 ' A total of 59 cocoons in"8 masses from 8 host larvae. Phlyctaenia tertialis (Guen.) Food plant: Elderberry, Occurrence: Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. Totals received: Collections, 9; larvae, 417; years, 4. Larvae: July to September. Pupae: August, and September to July. Adults: August, and May to July. Generations: Two in Rhode Island, and one in Maine. Parasites : Diptera: Larvaevoridae (unidentified piiparia) . Nemorilla floralis (Fall.) Phorocera t recta Coq Hymenoptera: Campoletis patsuiketorum (Vier.) Campoplegini cocoons LahrorycJms sp Mesochorus discitergus (Say) Meteorus loxosiegei Vier Phytodieius pnlcherrinms (Cress.) Macrobotys pertextalis (Led.) Food plants: Blackberry, joe-pye-weed, bush, violet, and other low-growing plants. Occurrence: Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, and Pennyslvania. Totals received: Collections, 39; larvae, 286; years, 13. Larvae: May to August. Pupae: June, July, and early August. Adults: Unknown. Generations: Two. Parasites : Parasite Diptera: specimens Collections Host Parasite Years yiflding larvae specimens recovered paraMe collected 2 1 1 77 1 1 1 150 3 3 3 196 1 1 1 150 2 1 2 24 3 1 1 150 1 1 1 ^56 1 1 1 r56 24 2 4 286 eed, meadowrue , sweet pepper- Larvaevoridae (unidentified puparia) 2 Leskiomima tenera (Wied.) 2 Phorocera erecta Coq 3 Pseudochaeta siminina Rein 3 Hymenoptera: Agathis sanctus (Say) 1 Apanleles sp 3 C'lypta errntica Cress 1 Macrocentrus iridescens French 27 M. pyraustae Vier 1*5 M. sp 9 Mesochorus sp. (Ex Apanicles cocoon) 1 Meteorus dimidiatus (Cress.) 1 M. hyphantriae Riley 19 M. sp 1 Microgaster harnedi Mues 1 Nepicra marginala (Prov.) 1 Oncophanet, betulae Mues 2 Phaeogenes hebrus (Cress.) 1 Triclistus porpinquus (Cress.) 4 1 67 adults issued from 5 masses of cocoons. Years recovered 1 Collections yielding parasite 1 Host larvae collected 34 21 36 30 141 21 14 37 20 30 5 5 11 30 10 Macrobotys thestealis (Wlk.) Food plant: Violet. Occurrence: Beverly, Mass. Totals received: Collections, 1; pupae, 2; years, 1. Larvae: May and June. Pupae: June and July. Adults: July. Parasites: None. Macrobotys theseusalis (Wlk.) Food plant: Fern, Occurrence: Melrose, Mass. Total received: One larva. Larva: May, June. Pupa: June and July. Adult: July. Parasites: None. Pyrausta futilalis (Led.) Food plant: Dogbane. Occurrence: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey. Totals received: Collections, 36; larvae, 3,520; years, 13. Larvae: June to October. Pupae: July and August, and June (hibernate as prepupal larvae in cocoons). Adults: June to July and August and September. Generations: At least one and a partial second brood from New Hampshire and south. Possibly only one brood in Maine. Parasites: Collections Host Parasite Years yielding laroae DiDtera' specimens recovered puraiile collected Larvaevoridae (unidentified puparia) 4 2 2 76 Lixophaga pi iimbea A.]d 49 3 6 1,309 NemoriUa Jloralis {Full) 1 1 1 93 Phorocera ereda Coq 13 5 7 1, 6S9 Phyllumya sp near aenea Coq '117 3 7 1, 23S Z enil I ia euchaetiae Sellers 9 3 4 201 Hymenoptera: Apanteles pyraustae Vier *452 11 29 3, 133 Campoplex validus {Cress.) 72 8 12 G99 Chelonus (Microchelonus) egregicolor Vier. (Ex Apanteles cocoons) 31 4 7 960 EHasmus atratus Ho-w 29 1 1 597 Horismenus microgasler (Ashm.) 111 597 Mesochorus sp 4 11 597 Metenrus loxostegei Vier 144 3 7 1, 173 Perilampus fxilvicornis Ashm 6 2 2 193 Telrastichus modestus How 14 1 1 597 1 As many as 3 individuals per host. Pyrausta unifascialis (Pack.) Food plant: Bean. Occurrence: Saugus, Mass. Total received: One larva. Larva: July and August. Pupa: August. Adult: August. Parasites: None. 11 Pyrausta borealis Pack. Food plant: Wild black cherry. Occurrence: Brunswick, N. J. Total received: One larva. Larva: June and July. Pupa: Late July and August. Adult: August. Parasites: None. Pyrausta signatalis (Wlk.) Food plant: Beebalm (blossoms). Occurrence: Melrose, Mass. Totals received: Collections, 2; larvae, 45; years, 2. Larvae: July and August. Pupae: August and spring (hibernates in prepupal stage in cocoon). Adults: August, and June to early July. Generations: At least a partial second brood. Parasites: Parasite Diptera: specimens Achaetoneura sp 1 Nemorilla floralis (Fall.) 4 Phorocera erecta Coq 1 Hymenoptera: Bracon gelechiae Ashm 4 CoUectioTU Host Years yiilding larvae ecovered parasite collected 1 1 25 2 2 45 1 1 25 25 FAMILY PYRALIDIDAE Omphalocera dentosa Grt. Food plant: Barberry. Occurrence: Connecticut. Totals received: Collections, 3; larvae, 172; 3'ears, 2. Larvae: July, August, and September. Pupae: Spring, hibernates in last larval stage. Adults: Late May and June. Parasites: None. FAMILY EPIPASCHIIDAE Oneida lunulalis (Hist.) Food plant: Oak. Occurrence: Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 2; larvae, 2; years, 2. Larvae: July and August. Pupae: September to June. Adults: June. Parasites: None. Tetralopha robustella Zell. pine webworm Food plants: Pitch pine, red pine, Scotch pine. Occurrence: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. Totals received: Collections, 15; larvae,t 457; years, 8. Larvae: July to October. Pupae: Spring; hibernates as prepupal larvae from fall to spring. Adults: June and July. 12 Parasites: CdUctions Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Diptera: specimens recovered parasite collected Achaetoneura spedabilis (Aid.) 10 3 3 141 Zenillia blanda {O. S.) 15 1 1 100 Hymenoptera: Syzeuctus elegans (Cress.) 4 1 2 35 Triclishis fulvipes {Cress.) 12 1 1 100 Zaleptopygus retiniae {Cress.) 6 3 4 144 Tetralopha n. sp., near asperatella (Clem.) Food plant: Aspen. Occurrence: Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connec- ticut. Totals received: Collections, 7; larvae, 79; years, 1. Larvae: July to September. Pupae: Spring; hibernates as prepupal larvae in cocoons. Adults: June and July. Parasites: Collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Diptera: specimens recovered paratiite collected Leskiomima tenera {Wied.) 1 1 1 11 Hymenoptera: Horogenes n. sp 1 1 1 40 Phytodietus burgessi {Cress.) 1 1 1 40 Syzeuctus elegans {Cress.) 6 1 3 54 Tetralopha asperatella (Clem.) Food plants: Black, scrub, and white oaks. Occurrence: Boxford, Melrose, and Wakefield, Mass.; and Say- brook, Conn. Totals received: Not recorded. Larvae: August to October. Pupae: Spring; hibernates as a prepupal larva in cocoon. Adults: June and July. Parasites: Collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Diptera: specimens recovered paradte collected Melopiops n. (?) sp. (near pyralidis (Coq.)) 1 1 1 12 Nemorilla floralis {Fall) 3 1 1 12 Hymenoptera: Idechthis sp 1 1 1 12 Syzeuctus elegans {Cress.) 7 1 1 10 Zaleptopygus sp. near tetralophae {Cush.). 2 1 1 12 Tetralopha sp. (new)? Food plant: Beech. Occurrence: Maine and Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 4: larvae, 43; years, I. Larvae: July, August, and September. Pupae: Spring (Hke other species of Tetralopha, hibernates in cocoon, probably as prepupal larva). Adults: June. Parasites: Collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Hymenoptera: specimens recovered parasite collected Horogenes sp 2 1 1 18 Syzeuctus elegans (Cress.) 6 1 3 25 Zaleptopygus sp. near tetralophae {Cush.) . 1 1 1 18 471126—59 2 13 FAMILY PHYCITIDAE Acrobasis caryivorella Rag. Food plant: Hickorj^ Occurrence: Massachusetts and Connecticut. Totals received: Collections, 6; larvae, 101; years, 5. Larvae: May and June. Pupae: June and July. Adults: Late June and July. Parasites: Collections Parasite Years yitldivg Diptera: specimens recovered parasite Nemo'nlla flornlis (Fall.) 10 3 3 Hymenoptera: Agathis calcaratus (Cress.) 6 11 Br aeon variabilis (Pro v.) 3 11 Glypta simplicipes Cress 2 11 Or giliis Bp 111 Acrobasis coryliella Dyar Food plant: Hazelnut (filbert). Occurrence: Wakefield, Mass. Totals received: Collections, 3; larvae, 7; years, 3. Larvae: May and June. Pupae: Late June and July. Adults: July. Parasites: Collections Parasite Years yielding Diptera: specimens recovered parasite Nemorilla floralis (Fall.) 111 Hymenoptera: Exochus apicalis Cress 111 Phylodielus burgessi (Cress.) 111 Acrobasis betulella Hulst Food plants: Alder, gray birch. Occurrence: Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 31; larvae, 509; years, 12. Larvae: May to July. Pupae: June, July. Adults: Late June to early in August. Parasites : Collections Parasite Years yielding Diptera: specimens recovered parasite Larvaevoridae (unidentified puparium).. Ill Hymenoptera: Agathis calcaratus (Cress.) 29 6 10 Apaniel es canarsiae Ashm 111 Campoplegine cocoons 3 2 3 Horogenes coniptoniellae {Yier.) 111 H. parviformis (Vier.) 3 2 3 Macrocentrus instabilis Mues 4 2 2 Mesostenus thoracicus Cress 4 11 Meteorus indagator (Riley) 22 4 5 M. niveitarsis (Cress.) 111 Microtypus n. sp 4 2 2 Perilavipus fulvicornis kshm __ 6 3 4 Phanerotoma tibialis CRiAd.) 2 11 Phylodielus burgessi (Cress.)... 5 3 3 P. pulcherrimus (Cress.) Ill Scambus hispae (Harris) 2 12 Nematodes 2 11 14 Host larvae colltcted 95 25 60 10 25 Host lar''ae collected Host larvae colltcted 17 259 36 36 50 93 103 43 1S2 43 22 143 28 103 50 113 3 Acrobasis rubrifasciella Pack. Food plant: Speckled alder. Occurrence: Orono, Maine. Totals received: Collections, 1; larvae, 2; years, 1. Larvae: May and June. Pupae: June. Adults: June and July. Parasites: None. Acrobasis comptoniella Hulst Food plant: Sweet fern. Occurrence: Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 16; larvae,t 531; years, 10. Larvae: May to July. Pupae : July and August. Adults: July and August. Parasites : Collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Dipteral specimens recovered parasite collected Lispidea palpigera Coq 1 1 1 12 NemorillaJIoralis (Fall.). 3 2 2 200 Schizolachina conveda Wlk 3 1 1 50 H3'menoptera: Agathis calcaratus {Cress.) 40 6 8 423 Bracon sp. (cocoons only) 4 1 1 32 Cryptus albitarsis albitarsis {Cress.) 1 1 1 50 Elasmus atraius How 3 1 1 50 Ehiryloma crassineura Ashm 1 1 1 50 Exochus palHpes Cress 2 1 1 150 Gelissp 1 1 1 50 Gravenhorstia aclerivorus (Roh.) 1115 H or ogenes comptoniella {Yier.) 12 2 2 182 Itoplectis conquisitor {Sa.y) 13 4 5 204 Lnbrorychus pris7naticzis {Nort.) 3 2 2 44 Meteoms indagator {Riley) 33 4 6 392 M. niveiiarsis (Cress.) 1 1 1 60 M. sp. (unissued cocoons) 2 2 2 20 MicropHlis n. sp 2 1 1 50 Microtypus n. sp 1 1 1 19 Phaeogenes sp 3 2 3 125 Pleurotropis sexdentata {Grit.) 18 1 1 50 Sea mb us sp 111 150 Triclistus fulvipes (Cress.) 1116 Acrobasis vaccinii Riley Cranberry fruitworm Food plant: Cranberry (fruit). Occurrence: Dover, Mass. Total received: One collection of 10 infested cranberries. Larvae: August, September. Pupae: (?) Adults: July, August. Parasites: None. Dioryctria abietella (D. & S.) Food plants: Pine (terminals and cones), Douglas-fir (cambium). Occurrence: Massachusetts and Connecticut. Totals received: Collections, 4; an unknown number of larvae in infested cones. White pine tips also infested with Pityophthorus pulicarius (Zimm.), and white pine leaders with Pissodes strobi (Peck) ; years, .3. Larvae: June, July, and September. 15 Pupae : July, August, and spring. Adults: August and May. Generations : Apparently two broods. Parasites: None. Dioryctria reniculella (Grt.) Spruce coneworm Food plant: White spruce (new growth). Occurrence: Maine and Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 2; larvae, 3; years, 2. Larvae: Ma}'-. Pupae: June. Adults : Late in June and July. Parasites: None. Dioryctria zitnmermani (Grt.) Zimmerman pine moth Food plants: Pitch pine (tips), Corsican pine (trunks), red pine (buds and catkins). Occurrence: New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 8; larvae (unknown number) ; years, 3. Larvae: June, July, and fall to spring. Pupae: May, July, and August. Adults : June to August. Parasites : Collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Hymenoptera: specimens recovered parasite collected Euderus cushmani (C-wfd.) 3 1 1 (') Hyssopus thymus Gr\t 22 1 2 (•) Scambus hispae (RaTT.) 12 1 3 (0 • Larvae inside twigs and not counted. Glyptocera consobrinella (Zell.) Food plant: Viburnum dentatum. Occurrence: Melrose, Mass. Totals received: One collection of 4 larvae. Larvae: July to September. Pupae: Late in September to June. Adults: June. Parasites: None. Nephopteryx nyssaecolella (Dyar) Food plant: Tupelo. Occurrence: Roxbury, Mass. Totals received: One collection of 10 larvae. Larvae: July, August. Pupae: September to June. Adults: June, July. Parasites: None. Meroptera pravella (Grt.) Food plant: Sumac (blossoms). Occurrence: Rockport, Mass. Totals received: One collection of about 25 larvae. Larvae: September and October in sumac blossoms. Pupae: Not reared. Adults: Not reared. 16 Parasites ; Hymenoptera: Apanleles n. sp., near acaudus (Prov.). Eurytoma n. sp I dioniacromerus n. sp Parasite specimens Years recovered Collections yielding parasite Host larvae collecUd 5 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 25 25 25 Salebria virgatella (Clem.) Food plant: Black locust. Occurrence: Melrose and Wakefield, Mass, Totals received: Collections, 2; larvae, 3; years, 1. Larvae; July, August. Pupae: August to June. Adults: June. Parasites: None. Salebria subcaesiella (Clem.) locust leaf roller Food plants: Black locust, clammy locust. Occurrence: Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey. Totals received: Collections, 14; larvae, 65; years, 10. Larvae; June to September. Pupae: July and August, and August to spring. Adults: Late in May to September. Generations: At least a partial second generation in some areas in the Northeastern States. Parasites : Pc rasite Diptera: specimens Nemorilla floralis (Fall.) 2 Phryxe pecosensis (Towns.) 1 Zenillia blanda (O. S.) 3 Years recovered Collections yielding parasite Host larvae collected 2 2 17 1 1 5 2 2 10 Salebria semiobscurella Hulst Food plant: Sumac. Occurrence: Maine and Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 4; larvae, 475; years, 4. Larvae: July to September. Pupae: Fall to spring. Adults: June, July. Parasites : Diptera: specimens Aphria ocypterata Towns 2 Zenillia blanda (O. S.) 2 Hymenoptera: Campoplex sp 16 Exorhus dorsalis Cress __ 1 Horogenes sp 2 Hyposoter fugitivus fugitivus (Say) 1 Trichomma reticulatum Davis 9 Yea: recovei Collections yielding parasite 1 1 Host larvae collected 249 52 1 249 1 150 1 150 1 24 1 150 17 Zophodia grossulariae (Riley) Food plant: Gooseberry (fruit). Occurrence: Wakefield, Mass. Totals received: One collection of 6 larvae. Larvae: May, June. Pupae: June to spring. Adults: May. Parasites: None. Canarsia ulmiarrosorella (Clem.) Food plant: Elm. Occurrence: Massachusetts and Connecticut. Totals received: Collections, 3; larvae, 7; years, 3. Larvae: June to September. Pupae: August, and fall to spring. Adults: Late in May and June, and August. Generations: Apparently at least a partial second brood. Parasites: None. Moodna ostrinella (Clem.) Food plant: Sumac (blossom heads). Occurrence: Revere, Mass. Totals received: One collection of one larva. Larva: June, July. Pupa: July. Adult: July. Parasites: None. Plodia interpunctella (Hbn.) Indian-meal moth Food: Apricots (candied), chocolates, prunes (dried), kidney beans (dried) . Occurrence: Eastern Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 5; larvae, 26; years, 3. Larvae: Apparently most every month of the year indoors. Pupae: All months, indoors. Adults: January, February, June, August, October, and November, Generations: Two or more. Parasites: None. FAMILY PTEROPHORIDAE Trichoptilus lobidactylus (Fitch) Food plant: Goldenrod. Occurrence: Maine and Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 12; larvae, 721; years, 6. Larvae: May and June. Pupae: June and July. Adults: June and July. Generations: One; apparently passes winter in egg stage. Parasites: Collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvnt Diptera: specimens recovered parasite cdhcttd Larvaevoridae (unissued puparia) 4 2 2 98 Hymenoptera: Meteorus hijphantriae Riley 2 1 1 23 Phobocampe sp 145 5 8 650 Pterophorus periscelidactylus Fitch grape-plume'moth Food plant: Grape. OcciuTence: New Hampshire, Vermont, and Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 35; larvae 1,552; years, 15. Larvae: May to July. Pupae: June, July. Adults: June and July. Generations: One; winter is passed in the egg stage. Parasites: Collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Hymenoptera: specimens recovered parasite collected Apanteles n. sp. (7) 12 2 3 80 Bracon gelcchiae Ashm *6 1 1 1 Elasmus atratus How ^§16 1 1 6 Phohocampe (unissued cocoons) 7 1 1 15 Pleurotropis tarsalis (Ashm.) §111 3 * 16 E. atratus issued from 6 Apanteles cocoons. Platyptilia carduidactyla (Riley) Food plant: Thistle (buds). Occurrence: Somerville, N. J. Totals received: One collection of several infested buds. Larvae: June, July. Pupae: July. Adults: July. Parasites: None. Oidaematophorus homodactylus (Wlk.) Food plants: Joe-pye-weed, goldenrod. Occm-rence: Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Con- necticut. Totals received: Collections, 25; larvae, 606; years, 12. Larvae: May and June. Pupae: June and July. Adults: Late in June and July. Parasites: collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Diptera: specimens recovered parasite collected Compsilura concinnata (Meig.) 1 1 1 9 Oxynops anthracina (Big.) 1 1 1 21 Pseudosiphona brevirostris (Coq.) 3 11 8 Tachinophylo floridensis (Towns.). Ill 8 Hymenoptera: Apanteles pterophori "Mues 12 3 3 236 Hyposoier sp 3 1 1 10 Nematodes 1 1 1 21 Oidaematophorus monodactylus (L.) Food plant: Joe-pye-weed. Occurrence: Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New York. Totals received: Collections, 7; larvae, 81; years, 5. Larvae: May and June. Pupae: June and July. Adults: Late in June and July. Parasites: collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Diptera: specimens recovered parasite collected Larvaevoridae (unissued puparium) 111 1 Oxynops anthracina {'Qig.) 5 1 1 32 19 FAMILY OLETHREUTIDAE Episimus argutanus' (Clem.) Food plants: Sumac, poison ivy. Occurrence: Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 9; larvae, 241; years, 5. Larvae: June to September. Pupae: Fall to spring, and July to early September, Adults: Late in May and June, and August to early in September. Generations: One, and at least a partial second brood. Parasites: ColhcNom Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Diptera: specimens recovered paraaite collected Actia sp 15 2 4 162 Nemorilla floralis (Fall.) 4 2 2 117 Phorocera erecta Coq 1 1 1 50 Hymenoptera: Apanteles sp *8 1 1 4 Dimmockia incongrua (Aahm.) J6 1 1 50 Exochus pallipes Cress 1 1 1 50 Labrorychus Bp Ill 9 Macrocenirus delicatus Cress 22 2 3 137 Meteorus trackynotus Vier 5 1 1 50 Scambus hispae (Harr.) 1 1 1 60 Endothenia hebesana (Wlk.) Food plant: False dragon-head. Occurrence: Beverly and Medford, Mass. Totals received: Collections, 6; larvae, 77; years, 5. Larvae: June to August. Pupae: July and August. Adults: July and August. Parasites: Collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Hymenoptera: specimens recovered parasite collected Ichneumonini (unidentified) 1 1 1 27 Oncophanes americanus (Weed) 4 1 1 25 Scambus pterophori (Ashm.) 2 11 5 Taniva albolineana (Kearf.) spruce needle miner Food plants: Colorado blue spruce, red spruce. Occurrence : Maine and Massachusetts. Totals received: Collections, 2; larvae, 39; years, 2. Larvae: July to June; hibernates in larval stage. Pupae : Late in May to early in July. Adults: Late in May to July. (A few adults have been reared from larvae mixed with collections of Epinotia nanana Treit. taken in Maine.) Parasites : Collections Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Hymenoptera: specimens recovered parasite collected Chelonus sp 1114 Sciaphila duplex (Wlshm.) Food plant: Poplar. Occurrence: Somerville, N. J. Totals received: One collection of 100 larvae. Larvae: May and June. Pupae: June. Adults: June. Parasites: None. Badebecia urticaria (Hbn.) Food plant: Wild cherry. Occurrence: Melrose, Mass. Totals received: One collection of 2 larvae. Larvae: April and May. Pupae : May and June. Adults: June. Parasites: None. Exartema electrofuscum Hein. Food plant: Sweet fern. Occurrence: Maynard, Mass. Totals received: One small collection of larvae. Larvae: May and June. Pupae: July and early in August. Adults: July and August. Parasites: None. Exartema zellerianum (Fern.) Food plant: Paper birch. Occurrence: Ayer, Mass. Totals received: One collection of 36 larvae. Larvae: May and June. Pupae: June. Adults: Late in Jime and July. Parasites : Cdlertions Host Parasite Years yielding larvae Hymenoptera: specimens recovered parasite collected Apan. Amblytnerus verditer (Nort.) § Host: Epinotia nanana (Treits.). Localities: Kennebunk and Southport, Maine. Adults: June. Number per host : One or more. Generations : At least two. May act as a hyperparasite. Dibrachys cavus (Wlk.) § Hosts: Archips cerasivorana (Fitch), A.Jervidana (Clem.), Fumaria casta Pall. Localities rBurnham and Ellsworth, Maine; Canaan, N. H. ; Brookline and Winchester, Mass.; and Moreau, N. Y. Adults: July-August. Number per host: Gregarious. Generations: Two or more. Hibernation : In host pupa. Sometimes a primary parasite, though more often a hyperparasite. Dibrachys sp. Host: Coleophora laricella Hhn. Locality: Winthrop, Maine. Adults: June. Number per host : One. Generations: Unknown. Psychophagus omnivorus (Wlk.) § Host: Cnidocampa flavescens Wlk. Locality: Boston, ALass. Adults: July. Number per host : Gregarious. Generations: Two or more. Hibernation : In host pupa. This species is often a hyperparasite. (U. S. Dept. Agr. Alisc. Pub. 188, 153. 1934.) Habrocytus sp. Host: Ea-oteleia pinifoliella (Chamb.). Locality: Boylston, Mass. Adults: June. Number per host: One. Generations: At least two. Habrocytus thyridopterigis How. Hosts: Coleophora laricella Hbn., C. limosipennella Dup., Epinotia nanana (Treits.), Recurvaria apicitripvnctella (Clem.), Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), R. rigidana Fern., Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haw.). Localities: Many in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu- setts, Connecticut, New York, and Delaware. Adults : Late in June, July, August, and October. Number per host: One. Generations: At least two. Hibernation: As immature stage on host in larval case or cell. Hypopteromalus sp. § Host: Coleophora limosipennella Dup. Locality: Bradford, Vt. Adults: July. Number per host: One. Generations: Unknown. A hyperparasite on the primary parasite, Apanteles sp. 89 FAMILY EURYTOMIDAE Eurytoma crassineura Ashm. § Host: Acrobasis comptoniella Hulst. Locality: Kennebunk, Maine. Adults: July. Number per host: One. Generations: At least two. A hyperparasite. (This species is supposed to parasitize Scolytidae.) Eurytoma n. sp. § Host: Meroptera pravella (Grt.). Locality: Rockport, Mass. Adults: July. Number per host: One. Generations : Probably two. Hibernation: In host cocoon. A hyperparasite of Apanteles sp. Eurytoma solenozopheriae Ashm. Host: Bucculatrir ainsliella Murt. Locality: Beverly, Mass. Adults: July. Number per host : One. Generations: At least two. A hyperparasite; probably from Pnigalio maculipes (Cwfd.). Eurytoma sp. § Host: Coleophora laricellaUhn. Locality: Lunenburg, Mass. Adults: July. Number per host: One. Generations: Unknown. Eurytoma sp. § Host: Rhyacionia rigidana Fern. Locality: Croton Falls, N. Y. Adults: August. Number per host: One. Generations: At least two. Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashm. § Hosts: Rhyacionia huoliana (Schiif.), R. frustrana (Comst.). Localities: Brookline, Hingham, and Nantucket, Mass.; Greenwich, Hamden, Middlefield, Conn.; Clarkstown, Oyster Bay, Rocldand Lake, and Valhalla, N. Y. Adults: May, June, and July. Number per host: One. Generations: At least two. Hibernation: In larval cell. 90 FAMILY CHALCIDIDAE Subfamily Haltichellinae Haltichella rhyacioniae Gah. Host: Rhyacionia frustrana (Comst.). Localities: Nantucket, Mass.; and Dennis, N. J. Adults: May, June, and July. Number per host: One. Generations: Two or more. Hibernation: In host pupa. Haltichella xanticles (Wlk.) Hosts: Coleophora larwella Hbn., Exoteleia pinifoliella (Chamb.). Localities: Sherborn, Mass.; and Woodstock, Conn. Adults: Late in June and July. Number per host: One. Generations: Two or more. Hibernation: In host larval case or mine. Subfamily Brachymeriinae Brachymeria ovata ovata (Say) Hosts: Archips fervidana (Clem.), Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haw.) Localities: Mashpee, Mass.; and Harrington, Del. Adults: July to October. Number per host: One. Generations: At least two. Hibernation: Method unknown. Brachymeria sp. Host: Lagoa crispata Pack. Locality: Manchester, Conn. Adults: August. Number per host: One. Generations: One. Hibernation: In host cocoon. Subfamily Chalcidinae Spilochalcis nortonii (Cress.) Host: Phohetron pithicium (A. & S.). Locality: Bolton, Conn. Adults: Late in July. Number per host: One. Generations: One. Hibernation: In host cocoon. Spilochalcis side (Wlk.) Hosts: Coleophora laricella Hbn., Epinotia nanana (Treits.) Euru- kuttarus confederata (Grt.), Exoteleia pinifoliella (Chamb.). Localities: Many localities in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New York. Adults: Late in June, July, and August. Number per host: One. Generations :_At Jeast_two. 91 FAMILY CERAPHRONIDAE Aphanogmus sp. Host: Epinotia nanana (Treits.). Locality: Ocean Point, Maine. Adults: Late in June. Number per host: One. Generations: Unknown. Conostigmus sp. Host: Epinotia nanana (Treits.). Locality: Boothbay, Maine. Adults: June-July. Number per host: One. Generations: Unknown, FAMILY BETHYLIDAE Goniozus n. sp. Host: Rhyacionia frustrana (Comst.). Locality: Nantucket, Mass. Adults: July. Number per host: One. Generations: Unknown. Goniozus sp. Host: Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.). Locality: Brookline, Mass. Adults: June. Number per host: One. Generations: Unknown. 92 Index Achaetoneura Page species 48 spectabilis 48 Acleris nivisellana 33 variana 33 Acrohasis betulella 14 caryivorella 14 coviTploniella 15 coryliella 14 rubrifascieUa 15 vaccina 15 Aclia inlerrupta 48 near pilipennis 48 species 48 Adoxophyes furcatana 27 Aegeria apiformis 41 Aegeriidae 41 Agathidinae 58 Agalhis acrobasidis 58 agilis 58 annulipes 58 bicolor 59 calcaratus 59 laticinctus 59 new species 59 pini 59 pumilis 59 sanctus 59 Agonopterix arcuella 39 atrodorsella 39 robiniella 39 Alegina pinifoliae 69 species 69 Amblymerus species 88 verditer 88 Amorbia humerosana 28 Anacampsis innoculella 38 rhoifructella 37 tristrigella 38 Anachnetopsis tortricis 49 Anaporia limacodis 49 prislis 49 species 49 Anchylopera maritima 26 Anomalini 79 Anthophila pariana — 40 Apanteles Page cacoeciae 60 depressariae 60 empretiae 60 harrisinae 60 new species 60 new species (near acaudus) 61 paralechiae 61 polychrosidis 61 pierophori 61 pyrausiae 61 schaffneri 62 species 62 Apechthis Ontario 67 Aphanogmus species 92 Aphria ocypterata 49 Aplomya caesar 49 Archips argyrospila 30 cerasivorana 29 conflictana 32 fervidana 29 infumaiana 29 persicana 28 purpurana 31 rosaceana 31 rosana 30 semiferana 30 Argyreslhia thuiella 42 Argyrotaenia juglandana 33 pinatubana 32 quercifoliana 33 Argyrotoxa semipurpurana 33 Ascogaster argentifrons 64 species 64 Badebecia urticana 21 Bedellia somnulentella 45 Bethylidae 92 Blacinae 57 Bombyliidae 47 Brachymeria ovata ovata 91 species 91 Brachymeriinae 91 Bracon gelechiae 64 gemmaecola 64 junicola 65 new species 65 polilivenlris 65 pygmaeus 65 variabilis 65 93 Pag© Braconidae 55 Braconinae 64 Bucculatriplex bucculatricis 65 Bucculatrix ainsliella 46 canadensisella 45 packardella 45 pomifoliella 45 Calliephialtes comstockii 66 Campoletis patsuiketorum 76 Campoplegini 74 Campoplex frustranae 74 infumatus 74 nanana 75 rufipes 75 species 75 validus 76 Canarsia ulmiarrosorella 18 Carpocapsa pomonella 27 Ceraphronidae 92 Chaetexorista javana 50 Chalcididae. 91 Chalcidinae 91 Cheloninae 63 Chelonus {Microchelonus) egregicolor 64 miscellaneous species 64 shoshoneanorum 64 Chionodes fondella 36 Choristoneura fumiferana 32 Chrysocharis laricinellae 85 new species 85 Chrysoclista linneella 34 Cirrospilus cinctithorax 84 fiavicinct us 84 Closlerocer us tricinctus 84 Cnidocampa flavescens 5 Coleophora cretaticostella 42 fletcherella 43 laricella 43 limosipennella 43 pruniella 44 coleophoridae 42 Compsilura concinnata 50 Compsilurini, near Lydinolydella species 50 Conostigmus species 92 Copidosoma gelechiae gelechiae 86 geniculatum 86 new species 87 Cosmopterygidae 34 Cossidae 34 Cremastini 78 Cremastus epagoges 79 forbesi 79 species 79 Cremnops montrealensis 58 Cryptinae 69 Cryptini 70 Cryptus albitarsis albitarsis 70 Page Depressaria heracliana 39 Derostenus silvia 85 Desmia funeralis 8 Dibrachys cavus 89 species 89 Dichaetoneura leucoptera 50 Dichomeris marginella 38 Dimmockia incongrua 82 species 82 Dioryctria abietella. 15 reniculella 16 zimmermani 16 Diptera 47 Ecdytolopha insiticiana 27 Eclytini 68 Elachertinae 84 Elachertus species 84 Elasmidae 86 Elasmus atratus 86 Encyrtidae 86 Encyrtinae 86 Endothcnia hebesana 20 Entedontinae 84 Ephialtes pterelas 67 Ephialtini 66 Epinotia lindana 26 nanana 26 similana 25 Epipaschiidae 12 Episim.us argutanus 20 Eubadizon gracile 57 species 57 Euclea delphinii 5 Euderus cushmani 85 Eulophidae 81 Eulophinae 81 Eulophus magnisulcatus 81 species 81 Eupelmidae 87 Eupelm us cyaniceps amicus 87 Euphorinae 55 Eurukuttarus confederata 46 Eurydinota lividicorpus 88 Eurytoma crassineura 90 new species 90 solenozopheriae 90 species 90 tylodermaiis 90 Eurytomidae 90 Evergestis siraminalis 8 Evora hemidesma 23 Exariema cornanum 21 electrofuscum 21 exoletum 21 permundanmn 22 quadrifidum 22 sericoranum 22 valdanum 22 zellerianum 21 94 Exochus Page albifrons 74 apicalis 74 dorsalis 74 palHpes 74 species 74 Exorista larvarum (= Tachina mella) 50 Exoteleia pinifoliella 35 Filatima pseudoacaciella 37 scrolinella 36 Frontiniella parancilla 51 Fumaria casta 47 Garcilaria syringella 44 Gelechiidae 34 Gelis apantelis 69 obscurus 69 species 69 tenellus 70 Glyphipterygidae 40 Glypta canadensis 71 erraiica 71 inversa 72 rvfiscutellaris 72 simplicipes 72 species 72 varipes 72 Glyptini 71 Glyptocera consobrinella 16 Gnorinioschema gallaesolidaginis 37 species 37 Goniozus new species 92 species 92 Graciilariidae 44 Gravenhorstia aclerivorus 80 Habrocytus species 89 thyridopterigis 89 Haltichella rhyacioniae 91 xanlicles 91 Haltichellinae 91 Harpipteryx xyloslella 42 Harnsina americana 8 Heliodinidae 41 Hemitelini 69 Horismenus microgasler 85 violaceus 85 Horogenes comploniellae 76 insularis 76 monlanus 77 new species 77 parviformis 77 solenobiae 77 species 77 Hy menoptera - 55 Hypopteromalus species 89 Hyposoter fugitivus fugilivus 78 species 78 Page Hyssopus thymus 84 Ichneumonidae 66 Ichneumoninae 70 Ichneumonini 71 Idechthis species.. 76 I diomacromerus new species 88 Incurvariidae 47 Ilopleciis conquisitor 67 4-cingulaius 67 Labrorychus prismaticus 80 species 80 Lagoa crispata 7 Lampronota sesiavora 72 species 72 Lamprotatini 88 Lamprotatus species 88 Larvaevoridae (Trachinidae) 48 Laspeyresia coniferana 27 youngana 27 Lepidoptera 4 Leskiomima tenera 51 Limacodidae 4 Lispidea palpigera 51 Lissonotinae 71 Lissonotini 72 Lithacodes fasciola 6 Lithocollelis cincinnatiella 44 fragilella 44 Lixophaga mediocris 51 plumbea 51 Loxosiege dasconalis 9 helvialis 9 obliterans 9 Lyonetiidae 45 Machimia tentoriferella 39 Macrobotys pertextalis 10 theseusalis 11 ihestealis 11 Macrocentrinae 56 Alacrocentrus ancylivorus 56 cerasivoranae 56 delicatus 56 exartemae 56 instabilis 56 iridescens 57 new species 67 nigridorsis 57 pyraustae 57 species 57 Megalopygidae- -. 7 Melittia curcurbitae 41 Melittobia (?) species 84 Meroptera pravella 16 Mesochoriuae 80 Mesochorus discitergus 80 species 80 95 Page Mesostenus thoracicus 70 Meteorus dimidiatus 55 hyphantriae 55 indagator 55 loxoslegei 55 niveitarsis 55 species 56 irachynotus 56 Metopiinae 73 Meiopiops new species, near py- ralidis 51 Microgaster epagoges 62 harnedi 63 new species 63 species 63 zonaria 63 Microgasterinae 60 Microplilis new species 63 species 63 Microtypus new species 58 Monodontomerinae 88 Monopis crocicapitella 47 Moodna ostrinella 18 Muscidae 47 Muscina assimilis 47 Neliopisihus piceae 68 Nematodes 55 Nemorilla floralis { = N. maculosa). 52 Nephopteryx nyssaecolella 16 Nepiera marginata 76 Oecophoridae 39 Oidaematophorus homodaciylus 19 monodactylus 19 Olethreules albiciliana 23 Olethreutidae 20 Omphalocera dentosa 12 Oncophanes americanus 66 betulae 66 Oneida lunulalis 12 Ophioninae 74 Orgilus obscurator 58 species 58 Oxynops anthracina 52 Packardia geminata 7 Pandemis albaniana 28 limitata 28 Pantographa limata 8 Paraclemensia acerifoliella 47 Paraleurocerus bicoloripes 87 Parasa indetermina 5 species 5 Perilampidae 87 Perila mpus fulvicornis fulvicornis _ _ 87 Petrova comstockiana 24 Page Phaeogenes epinotiae 70 hebrus 70 mellinus 71 new species 71 parvus 71 species {phycidis) 71 Phaeogenini 70 Phalonia rutilana 34 Phaloniidae 34 Phanerotoma tibialis 63 Phlyclaenia species 9 tertialis 10 Phobetes thyridopteryx 69 Phobetron pithecium 6 Phobocampe species 76 Phorocera claripennis 52 erecta 52 longiuscula 52 tortricis 53 Phryxe pecosensis 53 vulgaris 53 Phyci tidae 14 Phyllomya species, near aenea 53 Phytodietini 68 Phytodietus burgessi 68 new species 68 pulcherrimus 68 vulgaris 68 Pimpla aequalis 67 aquilonia 67 Pimplinae 66 Pimplini 67 Pimplopterus parvus 73 recurvariae 73 species 73 Plaiyptilia carduidadyla 19 Plectops species, near usitata 53 Pleurotropis bucculatricis 85 sexdentata 86 tarsalis 86 Plodia inlerpunctella 18 Plutellidae 42 Pnigalio maculipes 81 Prolimacodes badia 6 Pseudexentera improbana 25 species (var. improbana) 25 Pseudochaeta siminina 53 Pseudosiphona brevirostris 53 Psilocorsis faginella 40 rejiexella 40 Psycliidae 46 Psychophagus omnivorus 89 Pteromalidae 88 Pteromalinae 88 Pteromalini 88 96 Page Pterophoridae 18 Pterophorus periscelidadylus 19 Pyralididae 12 Pyrausta borealis 12 futilalis 11 signatalis 12 unifascialis 11 Pyraustidae 8 Recurvaria apicitriptcnctella 35 juniperella 34 piceaella 35 robiniella 35 ihujaella 42 Rhyacionia hxioliana 23 frustrana 24 rigidana 24 Rogadinae 65 Rogadini 65 Rogas species 65 Salehria semiohscurella 17 subcaesiella 17 virgatella 17 Sanninoidea exitiosa 41 Scamhis hispae 66 pterophori 66 species (miscellaneous) 66 Schizotachina convecta 54 Schreckensteinia festaliella 41 Sciaphila duplex 20 Sibine stimulea 4 Sisyrosea textula 5 Sparganothis peltitana 28 reticulatana 28 Sphegigasterinae 88 Sphegigasterini 88 Spilochalcis nortonii 91 side 91 Spilonota ocellana 25 Sienorna algidella 40 querciella 40 Stenomidae 40 Sturmia species, near strigata 54 Sympiesis gutlatipennis 81 new species 81 nigrifemora 81 Systropus macer 47 Syzeudus elegans 73 Tachinophyto floridensis 54 Taniva albolineana 20 Telphusa species 36 Tetralopha asperatella 13 new species, near asperatella 13 robustella 12 species 13 Tetrastichinae 82 Tetrastichus coerulescens 82 marylandensis 82 modeshis 83 new species 83 species 83 turionum 83 varicornis 83 xanthops 83 Thelyasceta nonstrigella 38 Therion sassaais 80 Tholeria reversalis 9 Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis 46 Tineidae 47 Tortricidae 27 Tortricidia flexuosa 7 flexuosa form caesonia 7 Tortrix alleniana 32 Torymidae 88 Trichogramma minutum 81 Trichogrammatidae 81 Trichomma reticulatum 79 Trichoptilus lobidactyliis 18 Trichotaphe levisella 38 Tridistus brunnipes 73 fulvipes 73 propinquus 73 Tryphoninae 68 Udea rubigalis 9 Xanthoernestia species 54 Yponomeutidae 42 Zagrammosoma interlineatum 84 Zaleptopygus retiniae 78 species 79 species, near tetralophae 78 Zenillia blanda 54 euchaetiae 54 Zeuzera pyrina 34 Zophodia grossulariae 18 Zygaenidae 8 97 . 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